cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MRI findings associated with luxatio erecta humeri

Luxatio erecta humeri is a rare type of inferior glenohumeral dislocation with a unique radiographic appearance; however, the magnetic resonance imaging findings associated with this dislocation have not been described in the radiology literature. The purpose of this study is to identify magnetic resonance imaging findings associated with this uncommon type of glenohumeral dislocation. The magnetic resonance imaging features of four patients with clinical and radiographic evidence of luxatio erecta humeri were reviewed retrospectively by two musculoskeletal-trained radiologists. The reported mechanism of injury in all four patients was falling. The MR imaging examinations were evaluated for the presence of rotator cuff and biceps tendon pathology, glenoid labrum pathology, joint capsule and glenohumeral ligament injury, fractures and bone marrow contusions, articular cartilage injury, and joint effusions. All four patients demonstrated pathology of the glenohumeral joint. Three of the four patients demonstrated rotator cuff tears, including large full thickness tears of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons in two patients, and small full thickness tear of the supraspinatus tendon with partial thickness tear of the infraspinatus tendon in the third patient. In the two patients with large full thickness tears of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons, one patient demonstrated tearing of the subscapularis tendon with dislocation of a partially torn long head of the biceps tendon, and the second patient demonstrated full thickness tearing of the intra-articular biceps tendon. All four patients demonstrated injuries to the glenoid labrum and both anterior and posterior bands of the inferior glenohumeral ligament. Contusions or fractures of the humeral head were seen in two of the patients. Three of the four patients demonstrated cartilage abnormalities including a focal cartilage defect in the anterior inferior glenoid in one patient, and cartilage surface irregularity of the glenoid in the other two patients. Common magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with a prior luxatio erecta humeri dislocation include rotator cuff tears, injury to the glenoid labrum, and injury to both the anterior and posterior bands of the inferior glenohumeral ligament. These findings are compatible with the mechanism of dislocation in luxatio erecta, and noting these findings on magnetic resonance imaging may suggest that the patient has sustained a prior inferiorly directed glenohumeral dislocation such as luxatio erecta.
The effect of exercise on the clearance of infused acetate in the horse

This study was designed to determine if exercise affected the clearance of intravenously infused acetate in the horse. Plasma acetate concentrations were measured in 4 conditioned horses during submaximal exercise and at rest following an infusion of sodium acetate (2.5 mmol/kg body weight [BW]). The effects of acetate infusion were compared with an equivolume infusion amount of 0.9% NaCl. Plasma glucose, lactate, free fatty acid, glycerol, triglyceride, and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were also analyzed. After infusion, plasma acetate concentrations decreased more rapidly during exercise (t 1 /2: 4.5 minutes) than at rest (t 1 /2: 11.7 minutes; P P P P
Rewarding Human Rights? Selective Aid Sanctions against Repressive States

This article provides theoretical and empirical solutions to two connected puzzles in the study of foreign aid and human rights: Do foreign aid donors use aid sanctions to punish repressive states, and if so, why? I show that donors impose aid sanctions selectively. Aid sanctions typically occur when repressive states do not have close political ties to aid donors, when violations have negative consequences for donors and when violations are widely publicized. Using a data set of bilateral foreign aid to 118 developing countries between 1981 and 2004, I find that variation in these factors largely accounts for the differing aid sanctions that result from objectively similar rights violations by the governments of developing countries.
Report on Hague Agreement (Industrial Designs) Second Meeting of Experts

This experts' meeting was the second one held for the purpose of developing an improved treaty for international registration of industrial designs. It would centralize and simplify the administrative design registration process of obtaining design registration in member countries. The Hague Agreement (1960 text), administered by WIPO, serves this function for 20 member countries, but it has limitations that prevent wider membership.One purpose of this report is use as a working document by U.S. organizations preparing for the third meeting of experts. Another use is to publicize information about the second meeting of experts. This introduction contains background information on the draft treaty, including an explanation of how the draft treat system would operate, from the point of view of U.S. design owners. Relevant sections from the draft treaty (DT) and the second meeting report (R) are cited with each topic discussed in the following text of the article.
Obstetric and psychological effects of psychoprophylactic preparation for childbirth

Medical records, personal interviews about the childbirth experience, and self-administered attitudinal and socioeconomic data were obtained 1 to 3 days post partum in a large metropolitan hospital, for 249 women, 95 of whom had taken psychoprophylaxis training for childbirth prior to delivery. When controlled by parity, psychoprophylactic preparation was not related to any obstetric differences except for lower levels of anesthesia for both primiparas and multiparas and lower levels of analgesia among multiparas only. Preparation was significantly related to lower levels of pain and higher levels of enjoyment during childbirth, and these psychological benefits did not diminish when controlled for parity, socioeconomic status, and four sets of psychological and attitudinal characteristics.
Cis-Regulatory Variation and Cancer

In the traditional model of human disease genetics, mutations in coding regions of the genome were assumed to underlie disease phenotypes. It is only in the recent past that functional noncoding regions – such as promoters, enhancers and silencers – have been implicated in disease states. At its most basic level, cancer is a disease caused by the misexpression of genes normally responsible for regulating cell proliferation. It is therefore logical that mutations and variants within cis-regulatory elements controlling the expression of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes would underlie some tumorigenic gene expression changes. As changes in noncoding functional elements are harder to identify than alterations in protein ­coding sequences, many of the recent insights into cis-regulatory variants involved in cancer etiology have been uncovered by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), highlighting risk variants in non-genic regions. Here, we highlight examples of cancer-associated variation in promoters, enhancers, and silencers, as well as changes to the overall architecture of a gene’s regulatory landscape. These functional characterizations bring us closer to understanding the role of cis-regulatory mutations and cancer risk/progression.
Morphology and Histology of the Reproductive Systems of Adult Southern Corn Rootworm

The external and internal reproductive systems of adult Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, are described and illustrated. The accessory apparatuses of the genitalia of both sexes, including the sclerites associated with the male internal sac, are characterized. Both fresh and preserved imagoes were studied to understand the function of the parts composing the reproductive organs. The histology of organs of both sexes is discussed briefly.
Evaluation of quasi-static pressure by post-detonation combustion

A shock wave propagates from the surface of a detonating solid explosive (C4) into an air-filled, cylindrical container. The container is divided into two separate compartments by an interior partition with a circular hole in the center of the partition. The detonation occurs in the left hand compartment, and the explosion vents into the adjacent right hand compartment. The problem is axisymmetric and time dependent, and is numerically solved using the compressible Euler equations with finite rate chemistry. The chemical kinetics model is a single, global, forward reaction where the products of detonation (called fuel) react with the air in the compartment to form combustion products. A nonlinear, virial equation of state is used in the calculations because initial pressures and densities are far above the range where the ideal gas assumption is warranted. All of these equations serve to describe the combustion of the fuel in the compartment that has been heated and pressurized by the strong shock that propagates from the initially spherical explosive toward the compartment walls, and through the vent hole into the adjacent compartment. Solutions were obtained for expansion of the detonation gases through three successively smaller vent holes. Each solution shows a spherical shock wave propagating outward from the detonation toward the walls of the right hand compartment. As the shock wave reflects within the left hand compartment of the cylindrical container, isolated regions of unburned fuel and air see local increases in temperature, pressure, and density caused by superposition of the reflecting shock waves, thus sustaining combustion. Part of the shock wave passes
Taxi dispatch with real-time sensing data in metropolitan areas: a receding horizon control approach

Traditional transportation systems in metropolitan areas often suffer from inefficiencies due to uncoordinated actions as system capacity and traffic demand change. With the pervasive deployment of networked sensors in modern vehicles, large amounts of information regarding traffic demand and system status can be collected in real-time. This information provides opportunities to perform various types of control and coordination for large scale intelligent transportation systems. In this paper, we present a novel receding horizon control (RHC) framework to dispatch taxis, which combines highly spatiotemporally correlated demand/supply models and real-time GPS location and occupancy information. The objectives include reducing taxi idle driving distance and matching spatiotemporal ratio between demand and supply for service quality. Moreover, our RHC framework is compatible with different predictive models and optimization problem formulations. This compatibility property allows us to model disruptive passenger demands and traffic conditions into a robust optimization problem. Extensive trace driven analysis with a real taxi data set from San Francisco shows that our solution reduces the average total idle distance by 52%, and reduces the total supply demand ratio error across the city by up to 45%.
Democratic Government and International Justice

The "ideological supremacy of democracy" is widely apparent in in creasingly commonplace endorsements of democracy as the only justifiable form of government.2 In 1989, for example, Francis Fukuyama suggested that the momentous events of that year marked "the end of history as such: that is, the end point of mankind's ideological evolution and the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government."3 Ten years later, Amartya Sen (comparatively modestly) wrote in a widely cited paper: "While democracy is not yet uni versally practiced, nor indeed uniformly accepted, in the general climate of world opinion, democratic governance has now achieved the status of being taken to be generally right."4 Similar claims can be found in inter national treaties. For example, the 1990 Charter of Paris for a New Europe states: "We will undertake to build, consolidate and strengthen democracy as the only system of government of our Nations." In the realm of international law, many would argue, the ideological supremacy of democracy has taken the form of a legal norm requiring states to be governed democratically. According to Gregory Fox and Brad Roth:
UNDERSTANDING THE PERCUSSION WORKS OF ALEJANDRO VIÑAO: AN ANALYSIS AND PERFORMER’S GUIDE OF WATER FOR PERCUSSION ENSEMBLE

OF DISSERTATION UNDERSTANDING THE PERCUSSION WORKS OF ALEJANDRO VINAO: AN ANALYSIS AND PERFORMER’S GUIDE OF WATER FOR PERCUSSION ENSEMBLE The music of Alejandro Vinao is driven primarily by rhythm rather than traditional classical music components such as melody, harmony, and formal structures. As such, this focus on rhythm showcases the innovation of multiple time, defined as the musical simulation of various meters and tempi. Pioneered by Conlon Nancarrow, this rhythmic innovation is identified within Water (2013). The purpose of this dissertation is to provide insight and analysis of the specific musical characteristics of Vinao’s compositional style. These characteristics include the use of rhythmic grooves, attractors, echo effect, tenuto markings, Euclidean rhythms, and water imagery. Once this analysis has been completed, this dissertation then highlights the necessary practicalities of performance by discussing aspects such as conducting, rehearsal preparation, setup configuration, mallet considerations, and the technical aspects of performing bongos and congas.
Step back for seminal translation.

Translation elongation entails a one-codon movement of the mRNA–tRNA complex along the mRNA and is catalyzed by the forward translocase EF-G. The structurally related back-translocase EF4 catalyzes movement in the opposite direction when the ribosome stalls, but its physiological role in mammals had been unknown. Genetic ablation of EF4 in mice is now found to cause testis-specific mitochondrial deficiency and impaired spermatogenesis.
Experimental study on recovery of silver in waste water by photocatalytic reduction with heteropoly acid

[Objective]To carry out the disposal and recovery of silver ions in waste water.[Methods]By using heteropoly acid as pholocatalyst,silver ions were recovered from waste water under ultraviolet radiation.The influences of isopropyl alcohol concentration,the concentration of phosphorus tungsten heteropoly acid,illumination time,and concentration of silver ions on the recovery rate of silver ions in waste water by photocatalytic reduction were studied.[Results]Under the optimized experiment conditions,the recovery rate of silver ions in waste water by photocatalytic reduction with heteropoly acid reached 99.63%.[Conclusion]The heteropoly acid can be used as the photocatalyst in disposal and recovery of silver ions in waste water.
Nitrogen and lipid metabolism in heifers fed at increasing levels of intake.

The relationship between N and lipid metabolism was investigated in heifers fed five different levels of feed intake (five heifers per treatment group). Targeted ME intakes were 84, 123, 157, 191, and 225 kcal per kt.75 per day, which were .76x, 1.12x, 1.43x, 1.74x, and 2.05x (times) the estimated ME requirement for maintenance. After 120 d on trial, the heifers were moved to a confinement building for 7 d, and feces and urine were collected over a 3-d period. On the 1st d of confinement, blood samples were collected every 15 min for a total of 15 samples. Because the group fed at 1.43x maintenance was fed improperly during the period in confinement, this group was omitted from the study. Adipose tissue samples were obtained at slaughter to obtain in vitro measures of lipid metabolism. As feed intake increased, N retention increased (P less than .05) from 1.7 to 24.3 g/d. Daily urinary N tau-methylhistidine excretion was significantly different between the .76x and 1.74x treatments (769 vs 1,575 mumol/d, respectively). The fractional breakdown rate of myofibrillar proteins also was significantly different between these two groups of heifers (1.49 vs 2.44%/d, respectively). Plasma glucose and insulin were lowest (P less than .05) at the lowest level of feed intake. Conversely, plasma nonesterified fatty acids were lowest (P less than .05) in those animals receiving the highest level of feed intake. Subcutaneous adipocytes were smallest (93 microns) in the heifers fed at 33% ad libitum intake and largest in heifers fed at 76 or 90% ad libitum intake (115 and 110 microns, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) characterization of the POTRA domains of BamA

BamA is the central component of the BAM complex and contains a C-terminal β-barrel domain embedded in the outer membrane, and a soluble, periplasmic domain, made out of five polypeptide transport associated (POTRA) motifs. Structural characterization of the POTRA domains was carried out by a combination of crystallographic, NMR and solution Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) approaches. Despite its limited resolution, SAXS is an excellent complement to NMR and crystallography. It is well suited to validate high-resolution models in solution and is particularly useful to characterize flexible systems such as the POTRA domains of BamA. Here we present a protocol for sample preparation and discuss the considerations of SAXS data collection and quality control, which is applicable to most soluble proteins.
Abstract 2481A: A novel chemically-modified curcumin (CMC 2.24) promotes chemosensitivity in neuroblastoma

Proceedings: AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016; April 16-20, 2016; New Orleans, LA Introduction The chemically modified curcumin, CMC 2.24 (TRB-N0224, Traverse Biosciences Inc.), was designed to overcome the poor solubility, bioavailability, and biological potency of naturally occurring curcumin in an effort to achieve superior safety and efficacy in chronic inflammatory conditions and cancer. It has been demonstrated that CMC 2.24 can sensitize cancer cells that are otherwise refractory to chemotherapy. Patients with neuroblastoma, a highly lethal childhood cancer of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, often have de novo chemotherapy resistance and therefore succumb rapidly to their disease. We hypothesize that chemoresistance in primary refractory neuroblastoma is mediated by anti-apoptotic mechanisms that can be overcome when conventional therapy is combined with CMC 2.24. Experimental Procedures A heterogeneous panel of neuroblastoma cell lines was cultured under routine conditions and subjected to varying concentrations of CMC 2.24 to establish IC50s. Subsequent studies were focused on NB-EBc1, a MYCN non-amplified cell line, and IMR-5, a MYCN amplified cell line. IC50s were also generated for cisplatin as a single agent, and then when administered in combination with CMC 2.24. Whole protein cell lysates were extracted at 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment and cell viability was measured by MTT proliferation assays. Results Proliferation defects were observed in all neuroblastoma cell lines treated with CMC 2.24 as compared to vehicle (DMSO) control. Relatively cisplatin-resistant cell lines had diminished cell viability when CMC 2.24 was added in combination with cisplatin, suggesting a synergistic effect. Alterations in response to CMC 2.24 treatment occur in anti-apoptotic proteins survivin and BARD1, found to be upregulated in chemoresistant cell lines. Additional mechanistic evaluation is ongoing. Conclusions There is no known curative therapy for patients with primary refractory neuroblastoma. CMC 2.24 enhances chemosensitivity in a panel of neuroblastoma cell lines and may provide a new therapeutic approach that can overcome de novo chemotherapy resistance. Further mechanistic and in vivo studies are needed to facilitate clinical development of a promising novel anti-cancer agent. Citation Format: David Tauber, Basia Galinski, Raquel Castellanos, Joseph Scaduto, Francis Johnson, Lorne Golub, Daniel A. Weiser. A novel chemically-modified curcumin (CMC 2.24) promotes chemosensitivity in neuroblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2481A.
Distal Humerus External Rotation Osteotomy for Hand Position in Arthrogryposis

Purpose In the amyoplasia type of arthrogryposis, a reverse pronated grasp pattern is often seen. We hypothesized that repositioning the hands, through distal humerus external rotation osteotomies (DHO), would allow for palm-to-palm grasp without arm cross-over and would improve function and parent/patient satisfaction. Methods The medical records of all patients treated surgically for arthrogryposis were reviewed at the Shriners Hospital for Children, St. Louis, MO. From 2012 to 2014, 9 patients (14 extremities) had undergone a DHO. All patients had preoperative and postoperative video recordings of functional activities and we assessed functional changes after osteotomies. Preoperative upper extremity position was graded as 1, palms facing midline; 2, palm facing posterior; and 3, palms facing away from midline. Postoperative Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) questionnaires were obtained and parent satisfaction was evaluated. Results Mean patient age at the time of surgery was 6.5 years. Five patients underwent bilateral DHOs. All patients had 3 or fewer additional procedures on an upper extremity during the study period. All patients had an improved resting posture of the upper extremity after DHO surgery, with a mean change of 51° (range, 15°–90°). Grasp pattern was altered in 13 extremities; there was a change in hand position of at least 1 grade and 5 had complete change from 3 to 1, palms facing away from midline to facing toward midline. There was a wide range in postoperative PODCI scores for function, but Happiness scores were high, mean 89 (range, 60–100). Parents universally stated the procedure improved the child's function "a great deal." There were 2 complications: 1 periprosthetic humerus facture with recurrence of the internal rotation and 1 patient with scarring of the triceps requiring tenolysis. Conclusions The DHO is an effective procedure for correcting the internal rotation position of the upper extremity in arthrogryposis and the surgery improves hand opposition with minimal complications. Universally, there was perceived improved function with high postoperative PODCI Happiness scores. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic V.
Fluid dynamics: How water explodes

Micro-explosions triggered by the absorption of X-ray laser light in drops and jets of water result in shock waves and in rapid heating and expansion of the liquid — as now revealed in state-of-the-art experiments.
Transport Properties of Liquid He 3

Theoretical estimates of transport coefficients in liquid He/sup 3/ at various pressures are made. The experimental values of the parameters which enter the Landau phenomenological theory are specified, and the importance of using the correct forward scattering amplitude rather than a self-energy in the estimate of transition probabilities is noted. The results are tabulated, along with empirical values of the parameters of the liquid. (auth)
Impact of Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors Use on Outcomes After Lower Extremity Endovascular Interventions From Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2006-2011)

Anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications are necessary in peripheral endovascular intervention, but a standardized approach has not yet been established. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor use in endovascular lower extremity interventions decreased overall amputation rates. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor use in endovascular lower extremity interventions increased postprocedural bleeding and complications requiring intervention.
Efficacy of N-mixture models for surveying and monitoring white-tailed deer populations

Automated cameras have become increasingly common for monitoring wildlife populations and estimating abundance. Most analytical methods, however, fail to account for incomplete and variable detection probabilities, which biases abundance estimates. Methods which do account for detection have not been thoroughly tested, and those that have been tested were compared to other methods of abundance estimation. The goal of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and effectiveness of the N-mixture method, which explicitly incorporates detection probability, to monitor white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) by using camera surveys and a known, marked population to collect data and estimate abundance. Motion-triggered camera surveys were conducted at Auburn University’s deer research facility in 2010. Abundance estimates were generated using N-mixture models and compared to the known number of marked deer in the population. We compared abundance estimates generated from a decreasing number of survey days used in analysis and by time periods (DAY, NIGHT, SUNRISE, SUNSET, CREPUSCULAR, ALL TIMES). Accurate abundance estimates were generated using 24 h of data and nighttime only data. Accuracy of abundance estimates increased with increasing number of survey days until day 5, and there was no improvement with additional data. This suggests that, for our system, 5-day camera surveys conducted at night were adequate for abundance estimation and population monitoring. Further, our study demonstrates that camera surveys and N-mixture models may be a highly effective method for estimation and monitoring of ungulate populations.
Opinion: Climate policymakers and assessments must get serious about climate engineering.

Climate engineering (CE)—the intentional, global-scale modification of the environment to help offset the effects of elevated greenhouse gases—appears able to reduce climate-change risks beyond what’s possible with mitigation and adaptation alone. Furthermore, the large-scale use of CE is probably essential for achieving prudent climate-change limits, including the Paris target of limiting the average global temperature rise to 1.5–2.0 °C. This conclusion appears unavoidable based on the current level of global greenhouse-gas emissions and the long time-constants of the climate system and the human energy system (e.g., the long atmospheric lifetime of carbon dioxide and the time required for large-scale deployment of new technologies). CE may also enable integrated climate-response strategies that reduce risks in ways not otherwise achievable. Due to the complex implications of climate engineering, its use demands immediate, serious, critical investigation at the highest levels. Image courtesy of Shutterstock/idiz. At the same time, such strategies cannot replace mitigation or adaptation, which remain essential responses to the severe risks that climate change poses. And the various forms of CE, both carbon removal and sunlight-scattering solar geoengineering, pose novel, significant, and uncertain risks (1⇓⇓⇓–5). In view of CE’s high stakes and complex implications, which offer the prospect of great benefit or harm, its use urgently needs serious, critical investigation. This has not happened. The treatment of CE thus far in climate research, assessment, scenarios, and policy debates has been at best selective and insufficient; at worst, the subject has been misrepresented or ignored. Serious examination of CE would challenge many comforting presumptions of climate policy debates and assessment processes, but this challenge must be met. There are at least three major reasons that policy and assessment bodies must take better account of CE. First, as stated, CE might prove crucial in managing climate risks. Second, … [↵][1]1Email: parson{at}law.ucla.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
A step towards quantifying when an algorithm can and cannot predict an individual's wellbeing

Researchers are exploring the ability to infer complex signals, such a mental wellbeing, from easily collected smartphone behavioral data. Rather than focusing on improving overall accuracy of such an approach, we seek to understand when we are and are not capable of predicting an individual's wellbeing. In particular, we consider the ability to predict daily wellbeing from smartphone GPS location data as a case study. We hypothesize that user characteristics, such as behavioral variability, level of depression symptoms, and amount of labeled data, are related to improvements in prediction accuracy. Our preliminary results indicate that there may be a relationship between an algorithm's ability to successfully predict an individual's wellbeing reports and the individual's location behavior variability. While further work is needed to improve model accuracy and confirm this relationship in a larger study, our work is a step in the necessary direction of understanding which individuals can be monitored with smartphone data.
Research Directions Related to Child Abuse and Neglect

Future directions for research on child abuse and neglect depend on goals for the general area and the role to be played by research in achieving these goals. The goals proposed here are to provide: (1) treatment to abusive families to reduce or remove the likelihood of recurrence, and (2) services to abused children to ameliorate the consequences of abuse and to develop prevention strategies to reduce its incidence. The role of research in meeting these objectives is to obtain information about the incidence and prevalence of abuse, to examine its causes, and to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment and prevention.
Neurologic Injury Predicts Plaintiff Award in Federal Cardiac Surgery Trials

Background Cardiothoracic surgery is one of the more highly litigated medical specialties. The incidence and outcomes of federal cases related to cardiac surgery have not been previously explored. Methods A legal research service was queried for cardiac surgery-related terms. Citations and related documents were reviewed for relevance and case details. Inclusion criteria were federal district court cases involving cardiac operations. Exclusion criteria were rulings on solely procedural matters. Associations were explored using the Fisher exact test. Results Of 354 unique citations from 1956 to 2017, 19.2% (n = 68) met criteria. The highest number of cases (25% [n = 17]) were litigated in the Third Circuit. Operations involved coronary artery bypass grafting in 33.8% (n = 23), valves in 32.4% (n = 22), and congenital operations in 19.1% (n = 13). Litigation was prompted by media reporting in 10.3% (n = 7) and involved neurologic injury in 17.6% (n = 12), death in 33.8% (n = 23), and informed consent issues in 29.4% (n = 20). Findings were summary judgment for the defendant in 45.6% (n = 31), partial summary judgment in 17.6% (n = 12), dismissal in 27.9% (n = 19), and ruling for the plaintiff in 7.4% (n = 5). Of the rulings for the plaintiffs, damages had a median dollar amount of $591,300 (interquartile range, $214,2673.50 to $5,807,687.00]. In Fisher's exact test analysis, neurologic injury was significantly associated with ruling for the plaintiff (p Conclusions Federal cardiac malpractice court cases are rare. Rulings in favor of the plaintiff, although also rare, are associated with neurologic injury. A comprehensive picture of cardiac surgery-related litigation will require advances in data abstraction techniques and codification.
Carcinogenic activity of pentabrominated diphenyl ether mixture (DE-71) in rats and mice.

Abstract Pentabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants have been phased out in Europe and in the United States, but these lipid soluble chemicals persist in the environment and are found human and animal tissues. PBDEs have limited genotoxic activity. However, in a 2-year cancer study of a PBDE mixture (DE-71) (0, 3, 15, or 50 mg/kg (rats); 0, 3, 30, or 100 mg/kg (mice)) there were treatment-related liver tumors in male and female Wistar Han rats [Crl:WI(Han) after in utero/postnatal/adult exposure, and in male and female B6C3F1 mice, after adult exposure. In addition, there was evidence for a treatment-related carcinogenic effect in the thyroid and pituitary gland tumor in male rats, and in the uterus (stromal polyps/stromal sarcomas) in female rats. The treatment-related liver tumors in female rats were unrelated to the AhR genotype status, and occurred in animals with wild, mutant, or heterozygous Ah receptor. The liver tumors in rats and mice had treatment-related Hras and Ctnnb mutations, respectively. The PBDE carcinogenic activity could be related to oxidative damage, disruption of hormone homeostasis, and molecular and epigenetic changes in target tissue. Further work is needed to compare the PBDE toxic effects in rodents and humans.
Autonomy-Centered Healthcare

In this paper, I aim to demonstrate that the consequences of the current United States health insurance scheme on both physician and patient autonomy is dire. So dire, in fact, that the only moral solution is something other than what we have now. The United States healthcare system faces much criticism at present. But my focus is particular: I am interested in the ways in which insurance interferes with physician and patient autonomy. (I do not consider The Affordable Care Act much of a change in this aspect of the system, for it still relies heavily on private insurance, albeit often subsidized.) I will argue in favor of an expansion of the traditional conception of what I call "medical autonomy" or "healthcare autonomy" and the usual role it plays in bioethical discussions. More generally, I show that in morally designing or evaluating any healthcare system, serious attention should be paid to how this system helps foster what I call active autonomy.
Impact of Accelerated Stress-Tests on SiC MOSFET Precursor Parameters

Integrating SiC power MOSFETs is very attractive for advancing power electronic system performance, yet the system reliability with new devices remains in question. This work presents an overview of accelerated lifetime tests and the packaging and semiconductor failure mechanisms they excite. The experiments explained here includes High Temperature Gate Bias (HTGB), Switching Cycling, Power Cycling, and Thermal Cycling. These experiments stress different failure mechanisms, that show degradation in different device parameters including, but not limited to, threshold voltage and on-resistance. These four experiments help illustrate the spectrum between device and package degradation that can be used to design more reliable power electronic circuits.
Characteristic path analysis of confinement influence on steady two-dimensional detonation propagation

Steady detonation in multi-dimensional flow is controlled by the chemical energy release that occurs in a subsonic elliptic flow region known as the detonation driving zone (DDZ). It is the region encompassing the detonation shock and sonic flow locus (in the frame of the detonation shock). A detonation that is strongly confined by material surrounding the explosive has the shock and sonic locus separated at the material interface. Information about the material boundary is traditionally believed to influence the DDZ structure via the subsonic flow on the boundary ahead of the sonic locus. A detonation that is weakly confined has the detonation shock and sonic locus intersecting at the material boundary. The sonic nature of the flow at the intersection point on the boundary is believed to isolate the DDZ structure from the material properties of the confinement. In this study, we examine the paths of characteristics propagating information about the confinement through the supersonic hyperbolic flow region that exists beyond the sonic locus, and determine whether these paths may impinge on the sonic locus and consequently influence the DDZ structure. Our configuration consists of a solid wall boundary deflected through a specified angle on detonation shock arrival, so that the streamline turning angle of the wall at the explosive edge is unambiguously defined. By varying the wall deflection angle from small through large values, we can systematically capture the evolution of the DDZ structure and the characteristic flow regions that influence its structure for strongly to weakly confined detonations. In all strong and weak confinement cases examined, we find that a subset of characteristics from the supersonic flow regions always impinge on the sonic locus. Limiting characteristics are identified that define the boundary between characteristics that impinge on the sonic surface and those that propagate information downstream of the sonic surface. In combination with an oblique-shock polar analysis, we show that the effects on the DDZ of characteristic impingement can be significant.
Matchmaking Just Got Easier: Impact of Phenotypic Donor-Recipient Likeness in Open Heart Transplantation

Purpose Phenotypic matching in heart transplantation , where donors and recipients are matched based on physical characteristics, has been previously limited to only analyzing gender, BMI, and age. This study examines the effects of phenotypic matching utilizing multiple factors. Methods Adult patients undergoing heart transplantation between 2006 and 2016 were identified from the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) database. Phenotypic matching was defined based on six factors: Body mass index (BMI) difference >30%, age difference >30%, height difference >7%, non-identical ABO blood grouping , ethnicity, and gender. A value between 0-1 mismatched characteristics was considered phenotypically like matching, while 2-6 mismatches was considered phenotypically unlike matching. The primary study endpoint was one-year survival. Risk-adjusted mortality was examined with multivariable Cox regression models after controlling for donor and recipient covariates. Results During the study period, 20,052 adult patients underwent heart transplantation, of which 9,595 (47.9%) were phenotypically like matched and 10,457 (52.1%) were phenotypically unlike matched. No differences in 1-year survival were seen between like and unlike matched patients (risk-adjusted OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.96-1.15, p=0.305) after controlling for clinically relevant covariates (Figure.) Subgroup analyses did not demonstrate survival differences after stratification based on hospital volume and initial waitlist status. Phenotypically like matched patients had longer waiting times compared to unlike matched patients both overall (225 days versus 192 days, p Conclusion Waiting for a phenotypically matched heart provides no survival benefit and exposes patients to prolonged waitlist times. This challenges the belief that a perfect donor heart exists, and we should challenge ourselves to accept organs sooner for patients who are waiting for a heart transplant .
Food Production as an Integrating Context for Campus Sustainability

Allegheny College has gradually integrated principles of sustainability into campus operations and decision-making since becoming a charter signatory of the American College and University President’s Climate Commitment in 2007. Recent building renovations, purchasing policies, energy consumption, and water management strategies have all been influenced by Allegheny’s environmental guiding principles. A growing interest in food production has led to programming and initiatives which involve a variety of campus and community stakeholders. Administrators, dining service personnel, faculty, students, and local community members are all working together to produce food locally and sustainably. These efforts have contributed to environmental education, sustainability research, food service operations, and food-based community outreach programs. Practical models for achieving sustainability can provide a useful tool for overcoming barriers created by separate campus activities and stakeholders. Here the authors consider food production as an integrating context for sustainability at Allegheny College as well as the beneficial outcomes the whole-systems approach has produced for the campus and local community.
The Risk of Racial Bias in Hate Speech Detection.

We investigate how annotators’ insensitivity to differences in dialect can lead to racial bias in automatic hate speech detection models, potentially amplifying harm against minority populations. We first uncover unexpected correlations between surface markers of African American English (AAE) and ratings of toxicity in several widely-used hate speech datasets. Then, we show that models trained on these corpora acquire and propagate these biases, such that AAE tweets and tweets by self-identified African Americans are up to two times more likely to be labelled as offensive compared to others. Finally, we propose *dialect* and *race priming* as ways to reduce the racial bias in annotation, showing that when annotators are made explicitly aware of an AAE tweet’s dialect they are significantly less likely to label the tweet as offensive.
Modified embedded-atom method potential for cadmium

The second nearest-neighbor modified embedded atom method (2NN MEAM) is a semi-empirical simulation technique designed to calculate materials properties of metallic and covalent solids. It is a strong candidate for calculation of site occupation, defect association, and diffusion mechanisms in intermetallic compounds, which would provide a tool for interpreting experimental results and for predicting new, interesting measurements to perform. Potentials for 39 elements can be found in the literature, but cadmium, an important element for perturbed angular correlation spectroscopy (PAC), is absent. The purpose of this work was to develop a 2NN-MEAM potential for cadmium. Empirical parameters were determined through optimization of the potential’s ability to reproduce known physical properties of pure cadmium including cohesive energy, lattice parameters, elastic constants, structural enthalpy differences, surface enthalpy, vacancy formation energy, thermal expansion, and specific heat. Prospects for using this new potential with 2NN MEAM potentials for other elements to help interpret previous PAC studies of cadmium diffusion in intermetallic compounds will be discussed.
A First Look at Forensic Analysis of sailfishos

Abstract SailfishOS is a Linux kernel-based embedded device operation system, mostly deployed on cell phones. Currently, there is no sufficient research in this space, and at the same time, this operating system is gaining popularity, so it is likely for investigators to encounter it in the field. This paper focuses on mapping the digital artifacts pertinent to an investigation, which can be found on the filesystem of a phone running SailfishOS 3.2. Currently, there is no other known publicly available research and no commercially available solutions for the acquisition and analysis of this platform. This is a major gap, as the adoption of this OS is accelerating in emerging markets on low-cost devices. This paper presents many of the major forensics points of interest, such as call and text, log, phonebook, web browser artifacts as well as hardware-specific features.
Ideology and Composition Among an Online Crowd: Evidence from Wikipedians

Online communities bring together participants from diverse backgrounds and often face challenges in aggregating their opinions. We infer lessons from the experience of individual contributors to W...
Protein Energy Malnutrition Significantly Increases Mortality and Adverse Outcomes in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) Patients with Neutropenic Fever: Findings of a Nationwide Inpatient Sample Analysis

Introduction: Neutropenic fever is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in all malignancies, especially acute leukemia. Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is also a well-established risk factor for overall cancer related mortality. Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients are frequently afflicted with neutropenic fever due to protracted neutropenia and community acquired, nosocomial, and opportunistic infections. They are also commonly malnourished due to poor oral intake, cachexia from underlying disease, and the toxicity of chemotherapy. To date, few studies have attempted to link neutropenic fever and PEM outcomes in AML. We thus aim to explore the prevalence and outcome of PEM in patients with AML and neutropenic fever. Methods: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database for 2016 and 2017 was searched for patients with primary discharge diagnosis of AML who had NF. This group was divided based on the presence or absence of PEM. The primary outcome was a comparison of inpatient mortality between the groups. Secondary outcomes included diagnosis of sepsis, mean total hospital charges (THC) and mean length of hospital stay (LOS). Outcomes were compared using multivariate regression analysis adjusting for sociodemographic and hospital characteristics and Charlson comorbidity index as a marker of severity. Results: A total of 10145 admissions met the inclusion criteria with AML and NF. Among the included patients, 1700 (16.7%) had PEM. Patient with PEM were significantly older (58.1 vs 55.2 years of age, p Conclusion: PEM is associated with a significantly adverse outcome in patients with febrile neutropenia– an almost double mortality rate and increased risk of complications like sepsis, increased LOS, and hospital costs. Neutropenic patients are markedly susceptible to fulminant systemic infections from various sources. PEM furthers this risk via weakening of host defenses including natural barriers and both innate and acquired immunity. Furthermore, in neutropenic patients with systemic infections, malnutrition may delay and impede wound healing along with immune responses which often contributes to a protracted course and adverse outcome. Nutrition in neutropenia has garnered limited attention, with some randomized trials showing limited to no benefit of the “neutropenic diet” in patients while depriving them of essential macro- and micronutrients. Nonetheless, current management guidelines for malnutrition in malignancies, particularly acute leukemias, are sparse. The profound impact of malnutrition in febrile neutropenia patients warrants further study, and we thus recommend further attention to screening practices and management strategies alongside primary treatment for malignancy and infection. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Optimal interest rate rule in a DSGE model with housing market spillovers

This paper studies the optimal interest rate rule in a DSGE model with housing market spillovers (Iacoviello and Neri, 2010). We find that the optimal rule responds to house price inflation even when the stabilization of house price is not among the objectives of the policymaker, and that the strength of the response depends crucially on a few structural parameters.
Terminal, Open-Shell Mo Carbide and Carbyne Complexes: Spin Delocalization and Ligand Noninnocence.

Open-shell compounds bearing metal-carbon triple bonds, such as carbides and carbynes, are of significant interest as plausible intermediates in the reductive catenation of C1 oxygenates. Despite the abundance of closed-shell carbynes reported, open-shell variants are very limited, and an open-shell carbide has yet to be reported. Herein, we report the synthesis of the first terminal, open-shell carbide complexes, [K][1] and [1][BArF4] (1 = P2Mo(≡C:)(CO), P2 = a terphenyl diphosphine ligand), which differ by two redox states, as well as a series of related open-shell carbyne complexes. The complexes are characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and NMR, EPR, and IR spectroscopies, while the electronic structures are probed by EPR studies and DFT calculations to assess spin delocalization. In the d1 complexes, the spin is primarily localized on the metal (∼55-77% Mo dxy) with delocalization on the triply bonded carbon of ∼0.05-0.09 e-. In the reduced carbide [K][1], a direct metal-arene interaction enables ancillary ligand reduction, resulting in reduced radical character on the terminal carbide (⩽0.02 e-). Reactivity studies with [K][1] reveal the formation of mixed-valent C-C coupled products at -40 °C, illustrating how productive reactivity manifolds can be engendered through the manipulation of redox states. Combined, the results inform on the electronic structure and reactivity of a new and underrepresented class of compounds with potential significance to a wide array of reactions involving open-shell species.