cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electronic Processes in Bilayer Lipid Membranes

THE appearance of an e.m.f. on illumination of certain “black” or bilayer lipid membranes (BLM) containing chlorophylls and/or carotenoid pigments has been reported recently1. Some of the earlier findings have been confirmed by Hesketh2. The magnitude of the observed photo-e.m.f.'s was generally small, of the order of a few mV, which may be because the systems investigated have been in “symmetrical” conditions. The two aqueous solutions separated by the BLM were identical even though the exciting light approached the membrane from one direction only. This uneven illumination of the BLM and its supporting Plateau-Gibbs border by exciting light together with a slight mismatching of the contacting electrodes was apparently sufficient to give rise to the observed photoelectric effects. These light-induced effects have been explained in terms of charge carrier production and separation, as electrons and holes are generated in the BLM. It was predicted, if the above explanations were correct, that one side of the biface would become oxidizing and the other side reducing1. We now report the results of further experiments with photoactive BLM under “asymmetrical” conditions. We have found that an open-circuit photo-e.m.f. greater than 100 mV can be generated across the BLM, and we also describe here other new findings on the photoactive BLM.
Early mouse embryonic cell surface antigens that are detectable by antisera to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Abstract Mouse morulae and blastocysts express cell surface antigens that fortuitously cross-react with antisera to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). In the present study, the cell surface and cytoplasmic expression of these antigens was followed in mouse unfertilized oocytes, different stages of preimplantation embryos and in early post-implantation embryos cultured from blastocysts. In addition to their known stage-dependent cell surface expression on morulae and blastocysts, these antigens (1) were already present in the cytoplasm of mature unfertilized oocytes and pre-morula stages of embryos; (2) remained expressed as cell surface antigens on cells of the inner cell mass (ICM), but not on the surface of trophectodermal cells with further blastocyst development although (3) they persisted as cytoplasmic antigens in trophectodermal cells. In addition, these antigens were also detectable by antiserum to the alpha subunit of hCG.
Further tests for genetic linkages of three morphological traits, three blood groups, and break points of two chromosome translocations on chromosome one in the chicken

Abstract Two matings were conducted to further test the locations of the pea comb (P*), blue egg shell color (O*), and tardy feathering (T*) loci. In each mating a different chromosome rearrangement break point (RB) was tested against the three loci. Independent segregation was noted between the traits and the RB when the RB was on the long arm of chromosome 1. Significant linkage was noted when an RB on the short arm was tested against the three markers, indicating that the loci for P*, O*, and T* are on the short arm. Three blood group loci, EAD*, EAI*, and EAP*, were simultaneously tested against the short arm RB. Independent segregation was noted in each instance, indicating that these blood group loci are not on the short arm of chromosome 1.
Mechanisms of swelling and gas release in uranium dioxide

Abstract Data on the external dimensional changes and gas release behavior of uranium dioxide irradiated in tungsten-rhenium claddings at surface temperatures from 1325 to 1900 °C are presented. External dimensional changes and gas release fractions increase with increasing temperatures; but the density of the uranium dioxide shows little change. Microstructures of the uranium dioxide show long, columnar grains associated with lenticular voids at temperatures over 1600 °C. A theory to explain these observations postulates that the uranium dioxide swells by the formation of small, relatively immobile fission gas bubbles. This swelling results in small, permanent external dimensional changes. However, periodically portions of the uranium dioxide are swept by lenticular voids. This vapor-phase zone-refining process reconstitutes the uranium dioxide down the temperature gradient maintaining its density essentially constant. The large external dimensional changes occurring when this sequence is repeated many times represent the summation of a large number of repetitive steps involving small density decreases in the uranium dioxide followed by redensification by the zonerefining process. The zone-refining process is instrumental in collecting fission gas and in forming channels for gas release. The process is a major, although probably not the sole mechanism of gas release from uranium dioxide at temperatures over 1600 °C.
Nonneuronal cells regulate synapse formation in the vestibular sensory epithelium via erbB-dependent BDNF expression

Recent studies indicate that molecules released by glia can induce synapse formation. However, what induces glia to produce such signals, their identity, and their in vivo relevance remain poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that supporting cells of the vestibular organ--cells that have many characteristics of glia--promote synapse formation only when induced by neuron-derived signals. Furthermore, we identify BDNF as the synaptogenic signal produced by these nonneuronal cells. Mice in which erbB signaling has been eliminated in supporting cells have vestibular dysfunction caused by failure of synapse formation between hair cells and sensory neurons. This phenotype correlates with reduced BDNF expression in supporting cells and is rescued by reexpression of BDNF in these cells. Furthermore, knockdown of BDNF expression in supporting cells postnatally phenocopies the loss of erbB signaling. These results indicate that vestibular supporting cells contribute in vivo to vestibular synapse formation and that this is mediated by reciprocal signals between sensory neurons and supporting cells involving erbB receptors and BDNF.
What Does “Black” Mean? Exploring the Epistemological Stranglehold of Racial Categorization

The “check all that apply” approach to race on the 2000 census has ignited a conceptual debate over the meaning and usefulness of racial categories. This debate is most intense over the category “black” because of the historically unique way that blackness has been defined. Though the lived reality of many people of color has changed over the past three decades, we question whether the construct black has mirrored these changes and if “black” remains a valid analytic or discursive unit today. While black racial group membership has historically been defined using the one-drop rule, we test the contemporary salience of this classifi cation norm by examining racial identity construction among multiracial people. We fi nd that that the one-drop rule has lost the power to determine racial identity, while the meaning of black is becoming increasingly multidimensional, varied, and contextually specifi c. Ultimately, we argue that social, cultural and economic changes in post-Civil Rights America necessitate a r...
Pancreaticoportal Fistula and Disseminated Fat Necrosis After Revision of a Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt

A 59-year old man with alcohol related cirrhosis and portal hypertension was referred for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) to treat his refractory ascites. Ten years later, two sequential TIPS revisions were performed for shunt stenosis and recurrent ascites. After these revisions, he returned with increased serum pancreatic enzyme levels and disseminated superficial fat necrosis; an iatrogenic pancreaticoportal vein fistula caused by disruption of the pancreatic duct was suspected. The bare area of the TIPS was subsequently lined with a covered stent-graft, and serum enzyme levels returned to baseline. In the interval follow-up period, the patient has clinically improved.
Euhedral tetrataenite in the Jelica Meteorite

A 65 × 107 μm grain of euhedral tetrataenite (ordered FeNi) attached to a similarly sized grain of troilite occurs within an impact-melt rock clast in the Jelica LL6 chondrite breccia. After impact melting, immiscible metallic Fe-Ni and troilite droplets formed within the silicate melt progenitor of the clast. At ≥ 1200°C, while the surrounding silicate was still partly molten, euhedral taenite with ∼ 50 wt.% Ni began crystallizing in one of the metal-troilite droplets. Troilite nucleated at one edge of the euhedral taenite grain and began to crystallize at ∼ 870°C. At 320°C the metal phase underwent an ordering reaction and formed tetrataenite. The unrecrystallized clast-host boundary and the differences in olivine composition and degree of polycrystallinity of troilite between the clast and Jelica host indicate that the clast was incorporated into Jelica during a late-stage brecciation event
Treatment outcomes for keloid scar management in the pediatric burn population.

Abstract Introduction Keloids scars are challenging problems facing many reconstructive surgeons and have proven to be resistant to many treatments. This is evident by the broad range of treatments available and implemented with inconsistent results. We reviewed our experience to better define the disorder and to evaluate the impact of specific treatment options as related to our patient population. Methods After obtaining Institutional Review Board approval, we examined the medical records of pediatric patients who were evaluated at our pediatric burn center between 2000 to 2008. All study subjects were identified as having keloid scars confirmed by clinical evaluation (raised scar extending beyond the margins of the original wound [1] , [2] ). Treatments included excision and grafting [split thickness autograft (STAG) or full thickness autograft (FTAG)], excision and grafting with steroid injection, excision and primary closure, or excision and primary closure with steroid injection. Patients were included only if there was follow-up of 12 months or greater. Results One hundred and ten subjects with a diagnosis of a keloid scar were identified. Twenty-six were treated with excision and skin grafting and 8 were treated with a steroid and surgery regimen. Of the patients treated with surgery and steroids, the treatment varied from an intra-operative injection to post-operative injections at 6-week intervals. The number of injections was determined by the administering surgeon and varied from one to three. Clinical end points were determined by the administering surgeon and included: (1) no further improvement in scar maturation or (2) absence of improvement. Recurrence was defined as return of a raised scar consistent with a keloid scar. The recurrence rate was 87.5% for patients treated with surgery and steroids and 80.0% for surgery only. This difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that steroids do not significantly decrease recurrence in pediatric burn related keloids as compared to previously published series involving non-burn related keloids [3] , [5] . This further emphasizes that burn related keloids respond differently to conventional treatments that have proven successful in keloid scars from other mechanisms of injury. A consistent and effective treatment algorithm should be implemented in treating keloid scars from burn wounds.
Rapid and accurate determination of the median lethal dose (LD50) and its error with a small computer

A program for a small digital computer was developed to calculate the median lethal dose (LD50) and its errors. The algorithm employed in the program was based on a method described by Bliss. Modifications introduced by Finney are also discussed. The results indicate a high degree of accuracy compared with calculations performed by Bliss. The accuracy and speed of calculation exceeded those possible with simplified and graphic methods. The data and results for four toxic compounds are presented.
The role of the ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway in Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders

A unifying feature of neurodegenerative diseases is the abnormal accumulation and processing of mutant or damaged intra- and extracellular proteins; this leads to selective neuronal vulnerability and dysfunction. The ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway (UPP) is poised to play a central role in the processing of damaged and toxic proteins by ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. The UPP can be overwhelmed in several neurodegenerative diseases. This results in the accumulation of toxic proteins and the formation of inclusions, and ultimately to neuronal dysfunction and cell death. Further analysis of the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which the UPP influences the detoxification of damaged and toxic proteins in neurodegenerative diseases could provide novel concepts and targets for the treatment and understanding of the pathogenesis of these devastating disorders.
Persistent corticotropin-releasing factor1 receptor desensitization and downregulation in the human neuroblastoma cell line IMR-32

Brain corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) systems integrate various responses to stress. Pathological responses to stress may result from errors in CRF receptor regulation in response to changes in synaptic CRF levels. To establish an in vitro model to study brain CRF receptors, we characterized the CRF-induced modulation of CRF1 receptors in the human neuroblastoma cell line, IMR-32. Treatment with CRF decreased CRF1 receptor binding and desensitized CRF-induced increases in cAMP. The decrease in binding had an EC50 of ∼10 nM, was maximal by 30 min, and was blocked by the CRF receptor antagonist [d-Phe12, Nle21,38, Cα–MeLeu37]CRF12–41. The desensitization was homologous as vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-induced increases in cAMP were unchanged, and elevation of cAMP did not alter CRF1 receptor binding. Treatment with CRF for up to 24 h did not alter CRF1 receptor mRNA levels, suggesting that a posttranscriptional mechanism maintains the decrease in receptor binding. Interestingly, recovery of CRF receptor binding and CRF-stimulated cAMP production was only partial following exposure to 100 nM CRF. In contrast, receptor binding recovered to control levels following exposure to 10 nM CRF. These data suggest that exposure to high doses of CRF result in permanent changes characterized by only partial recovery. Identifying the mechanisms underlying this partial recovery may provide insights into mechanisms underlying the acute and chronic effects of stress on CRF receptor regulation.
CPT-11/bevacizumab for the treatment of refractory brain metastases in patients with HER2–neu-positive breast cancer

Nervous system relapse of patients with advanced HER2–neu-positive breast cancer is an increasing problem, with one-third of women developing brain metastases. Standard therapies using steroids, surgery and radiotherapy do not provide a lasting response.We evaluatedCPT-11and bevacizumab,which canbothcrosstheblood–brainbarrier, as combination therapy to treat HER2–neu-positive breast cancer with brain metastases.
Learning dialogue with and without movement.

In two experiments, we investigated the contribution of physical movement to the processing and eventual retrieval of dramatic dialogue by untrained nonactors after they had received only brief procedural coaching. It was found that participants who processed a script by reading the text aloud while simultaneously moving in accordance with a director’s instructions retained more material than did those who used verbal communication only or controls who deliberately memorized the same material. Furthermore, when the recall of the participants in the moving condition was analyzed on a speechby-speech basis, the results showed significantly greater memory for speeches that had been accompanied by movement than for speeches during which the same participant had remained in one place. These findings are discussed in the contexts of embodied cognition and multimodal memory models.
Risk assessment in the era of high-speed myocardial perfusion imaging.

they demonstrated that quantitative analysis of perfusion abnormality by high-speed SPECT-MPI provides comparable prognostic results to conventional imaging. They thus followed 1,613 consecutive patients who underwent high-speed MPI for 2.6 ± 0.5 years during which 5% died. Stress perfusion defects were then assessed by automated analysis to calculate the total perfusion deficit (TPD) which reflects both extent and severity of the defect. With increasing TPD from 0% to 1%-2%, 2%-4%, 5%-10%, and [10%, annualized all-cause mortality increased from 0.87% to 1.55%, 2.22%, 3.10%, and 5.33%, respectively. In a multi-variable Cox regression analysis that adjusted for age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, known coronary disease, angina symptoms, and type of stress, TPD [ 10% was associated with a 3-fold increased risk of mortality compared to normal perfusion. Another remarkable observation from their study is the 9fold higher risk of death in the patients undergoing adenosine versus exercise MPI regardless of the perfusion pattern. The advantages of automated analysis over visual analysis was recently discussed. 8
Some Questions and Answers Concerning Air Lines as Impedance Standards

This paper attempts to answer a number of questions that arise when using one or more lengths of precision coaxial transmission line to calibrate a dual 6-port automatic network analyzer, questions such as: How important is the quality of the test port relative to that of the line? What type connectors should the line standards have? What are the advantages of using two lines instead of one line and a through connection when test port imperfections are considered? How many lines are optimum from a quality control point of view? What should the lengths be? The answers to these questions appear to be: ? The quality of the line is much more important than that of the test port. A perfect line will calibrate out most imperfections in the test port. An example is given where 75-? test ports are calibrated with 50-? lines, and then used to measure reflection coefficient relative to 50 ? with very little error. ? Greatest accuracy is achieved with line standards having male connectors. ? Two lines get rid of many test port imperfections that one line cannot. Three lines will show up a problem if one line is bad. Five lines will identify which line is bad. Five is probably optimum. ? There may not be an optimum for the actual lengths of a set of lines, but there does appear to be an optimum difference in the lengths.
Gamma-ray light curves from statistically limited data; Hercules X-1

The problem of finding the light curve for noisy or sparse data is a familiar one. We develop a model-independent method which gives the light curve as a linear transformation of the data. Our approach emphasizes the fundamental choices between resolution and statistical error that is inherent in any data analysis. The analysis is treated as a special case of the general problem of data analysis based upon Fredholm equations of the first kind. The results, with certain approximations, are formally equivalent to the kernel density estimators but the interpretation is much different. We apply our technique to a TeV gamma-ray observation of the X-ray binary Hercules X-l.
The long-range impact of five definitions of “fair” employee selection on black employment and employee productivity☆

Abstract Previous research has indicated that the most widely accepted definition of “fair” employment, the Cleary model, has the worst impact on black employment but the most favorable impact on employee productivity, compared with alternative definitions. However, that research concerns short-range impact on selection for a single job. The present research evaluates the long-range impact of alternative fairness models on an entire organization. This is accomplished by means of a computer simulation model of the organization, a stochastic, descriptive model that (a) simulates each of the five definitions of fair employment, (b) simulates the flow of employees into, through, and out of the organization, and (c) accumulates the net present value of employee productivity over time. Validity and selection ratio were independently varied under each of the five fairness definitions. Regarding black employment, findings indicated that the adverse impact of the Cleary model worsened over time. Regarding productivity, findings indicated that the favorable impact of the Cleary model grew over time. However, the long-range figures for the Cleary model were less favorable on both the total productivity criterion and the minority-employment criterion than were the short-range figures of previous research.
A second-order method for three-dimensional particle simulation

This paper describes a numerical method for the direct numerical simulation of Navier-Stokes flows with one or more solid spheres. The particles may be fixed or mobile, and they may have different radii. The basic idea of the method stems from the observation that, due to the no-slip condition, in the reference frame of each particle, the velocity near the particle boundary is very small so that the Stokes equations constitute an excellent approximation to the full Navier-Stokes problem. The general analytic solution of the Stokes equations can then be used to ''transfer'' the no-slip condition from the particle surface to the adjacent grid nodes. In this way the geometric complexity arising from the irregular relation between the particle boundary and the underlying mesh is avoided and fast solvers can be used. The method is validated by a detailed comparison with spectral solutions for the flow past a sphere at Reynolds numbers of 50 and 100. The existence in these situations of a Stokes region near the particle is explicitly demonstrated. Other numerical experiments to show the performance of the code are also described. To illustrate the power and efficiency of the method, a simulation of decaying homogeneous turbulence in a cell containing 100 moveable spheres is described. As implemented here, the method can only be applied to simple body shapes such as spheres and cylinders. Extensions to more general situations are mentioned in the last section.
Superconductor stability 90: A review

Abstract Superconductor stability, as a characteristic of steady states, is reviewed. Reference is made to internally cooled superconductors, metastable magnets and superfluid helium.
Joint Inversion for P to S Seismic Velocity Ratio: Application to the Sharpsburg, Kentucky Aftershock Sequence

A method for the determination of a local Vp/Vs is described. Given P and S arrival times at a network of stations for a set of local earthquakes, Wadati’s method is generalized to solve for origin times for all the events and for a common P to S velocity ratio. The joint inversion results in a more tightly constrained estimate for Vp/Vs than can be achieved through averaging Vp /Vs values from a set of Wadati diagrams. Applying the method to data from the Sharpsburg, Kentucky, aftershock sequence yields a value for Vp/Vs of 1.70 ± 0.01. In comparison, the estimated error is an order of magnitude larger when Vp/Vs values from a set of Wadati diagrams are averaged. This Vp/Vs value combined with estimated values for Vp ranging from 6.1 to 6.9 km/sec is compatible with an upper crustal composition dominated by granite and basalt.
Cellulose synthase complexes: composition and regulation.

This review is to update the most recent progress on characterization of the composition, regulation, and trafficking of cellulose synthase complexes. We will highlight proteins that interact with cellulose synthases, e.g. cellulose synthase-interactive protein 1 (CSI1). The potential regulation mechanisms by which cellulose synthase interact with cortical microtubules in primary cell walls will be discussed.
Inhibition of some spontaneous tumors by 4-hexylresorcinol in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice

4-Hexylresorcinol (4-HR) is used as an anthelmintic and antiseptic in human and veterinary medicine. Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies were conducted by administering 4-HR in corn oil by gavage at 0, 62.5, or 125 mg/kg to F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice of each sex for 2 years. The nonneoplastic lesions associated with 4-HR exposure were nephropathy and osteosclerosis in dosed male and female mice. The only evidence of neoplasia associated with 4-HR was marginally increased incidences of adrenal gland pheochromocytomas and harderian gland tumors in male mice. Decreases were observed in the incidences of mononuclear cell leukemia in dosed male and female rats, hepatocellular adenomas or carcinomas in dosed male mice, and circulatory system tumors in high-dose male and female mice. These negative tumor trends in rats and mice, along with an indication of reduced overall incidences of benign and malignant tumors in treated groups compared to controls, suggest that 4-HR may deserve further study as a possible antineoplastic agent.
Immunophenotypic and molecular features, clinical outcomes, treatments, and prognostic factors associated with subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma: a systematic analysis of 156 patients reported in the literature.

come. RESULTS. One hundred fifty-six patients with SPTCL were identified in the literature. Hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) was a presenting feature in 37% of patients, and 90% of patients required treatment at diagnosis. Prednisone was used frequently as initial therapy in patients who had less aggressive disease at presentation; however, durable complete remissions (CR) were infrequent. Anthracycline-based chemotherapy regimens were the most commonly used and most effective systemic treatment options, producing long-term CR in 30% of patients. Among patients who received high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation (HDT-SCT) for refractory or recurrent disease, 92% achieved CR, with a median response duration of 14 months. The presence of HPS at diagnosis and expression of the / T-cell receptor (TCR) by tumor cells were associated with poor survival, whereas age was not. After a median follow-up of 24 months, 48% of patients died of disease. The median survival duration was 27 months. CONCLUSIONS. SPTCL has an aggressive natural history. Nonetheless, a subgroup of patients with SPTCL can have long-term disease remission following anthracycline-based initial therapy or subsequent HDT-SCT. HPS and the TCR phenotype may be useful prognostic markers for patients with this malignancy. Cancer 2004; 101:1404 –13. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Identifying rural health care needs using community conversations.

ABSTRACT: Context: Community input can lead to better-defined goals in an organization. With this in mind, the Center for Rural Health at the University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences embarked on a series of 13 meetings with representatives of organizations serving rural communities, including 5 Native American reservations. Purpose: To give a detailed description of the steps involved in planning, and the outcomes and lessons learned from the meetings. Organizations will be able to use this information when incorporating community involvement as part of their planning process. Project: Each meeting included a presentation of the Center for Rural Health efforts throughout the state and a discussion in which residents were asked about health care barriers they have encountered and how the Center for Rural Health could align its efforts to assist communities. Conclusions: The conversations from these meetings have provided a wealth of information about barriers to providing quality health care facing rural and Native American residents. The Center for Rural Health has incorporated this information into its strategic planning process and has formed several work groups to address issues raised. Community conversations allow organizations to better determine priorities that will be valid and realistic to the communities they serve.
Use of naloxone challenge to predict sexual performance of rams before the fall breeding season.

Abstract Serving capacity tests (SCT) identify rams as sexually active, sexually inactive, or low sexual performers. Labor and time requirements make SCT impractical and expensive. Therefore, a hormone-based test for libido was developed using the responses of LH and testosterone (T) after naloxone. This test effectively identified sexually active and inactive rams during the breeding season (November and December). The current study evaluated the effectiveness of this method at a different time of the year. Objectives were to determine if the blood test can detect differences in libido during late July and August, and to characterize LH and T profiles up to 120 min postnaloxone treatments at this time of year. Two experiments were conducted using i.v. naloxone at 0.75 mg/kg BW. Sexually active (SA) and sexually inactive (SIA) rams were identified using SCT. In Experiment 1, 16 SA and 18 SIA rams of several breeds were identified based on SCT conducted before naloxone tests. In Experiment 2, 72 Suffolk×white face rams were given SCT after naloxone tests and were of unknown sexual activity at the time of the naloxone tests. Mixed model analyses for repeated measures with repeated factors (month and sample time) and a covariate for mean LH or T before naloxone treatment were used for LH and T data. Proc Logistics modeled probabilities that rams were sexually active. The LH response to naloxone increased but did not differ ( P >0.09) by ram class (SA or SIA) or month. The T response peaked 75–90 min after naloxone treatment and was still elevated at 120 min. Testosterone differed ( P P
Combating imbalance in network intrusion datasets

An approach to combating network intrusion is the development of systems applying machine learning and data min- ing techniques. Many IDS (Intrusion Detection Systems) suffer from a high rate of false alarms and missed intrusions. We want to be able to improve the intrusion detection rate at a reduced false positive rate. The focus of this paper is rule-learning, using RIPPER, on highly imbalanced intrusion datasets with an objective to improve the true positive rate (intrusions) without significantly increasing the false positives. We use RIPPER as the underlying rule classifier. To counter imbalance in data, we implement a combination of oversampling (both by replication and synthetic generation) and undersampling techniques. We also propose a clustering based methodology for oversampling by generating synthetic instances. We evaluate our approaches on two intrusion datasets — destination and actual packets based — constructed from actual Notre Dame traffic, giving a flavor of real-world data with its idiosyncrasies. Using ROC analysis, we show that oversampling by synthetic generation of minority (intrusion) class outperforms oversampling by replication and RIPPER's loss ratio method. Additionally, we establish that our clustering based approach is more suitable for the detecting intrusions and is able to provide additional improvement over just synthetic generation of instances.
Construction of stochastic PDEs for feedback control of surface roughness in thin film deposition

In this work, we develop a systematic method for the construction of linear stochastic partial differential equation (PDE) models for feedback control of surface roughness in thin film deposition. The method is applied to a representative deposition process and is successfully validated through simulations.
Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair

Nonsurgical treatment of clinically important mitral regurgitation (MR) has evolved tremendously over the past decade. Recent studies of percutaneous mitral valve repair procedures have shown that less invasive procedures are safe and can be effective in selected patients. MitraClip has been studied most extensively. The MitraClip is attached to the middle scallop of the mitral leaflets by a transseptal-transvascular approach. The device approximates the leaflets in an edge-to-edge percutaneous repair technique that diminishes MR, improves functional status, and improves left ventricular remodeling. The subgroup that has the most benefit includes patients with older age, poorer left ventricular function, and functional MR and is considered high risk for surgical valve replacement. Other novel percutaneous mitral valve therapies under investigation include indirect and direct annuloplasty, and ventricular remodeling devices.
Global migration: The need for culturally competent school psychologists

Never before have more children lived away from their home countries. Given the unique social, emotional, and academic needs of children who have migrated, school psychologists must be well prepare...
Potential efficacy of olyset mosquito netting against Calliphora nigribarbis (Diptera: Calliphoridae) invasion into livestock barns.

Calliphora nigribarbis Vollenhoven is a possible mechanical transmitter of highly pathogenic avian influenza. Based on laboratory tests, we evaluated the efficacy of a long-lasting permethrin-treated mosquito netting, known as the Olyset net, for the prevention of this species entering livestock barns. Flies were trapped in Olyset net cages, and two statistics for knockdown and lethal efficacies were obtained. Median knockdown time in the cage (KT50) was estimated to be 341 s for females, and median lethal time after exposure to the mesh (LT50) was estimated to be 30 s and 120 s for both sexes), indicating that a fly's spontaneous contact with the Olyset net accelerates insecticide adhesion. The rate of permethrin adhesion to C. nigribarbis after its spontaneous contact with the Olyset net was estimated to be 3.7 ng/s for females, in reference to the 50% lethal dose (LD50) value (112 ng/female), which was obtained from the topical application bioassay of permethrin. The lethality exhibited after brief spontaneous contact with the Olyset net suggests its potential utility in poultry farms against C. nigribarbis invasion.
Signals and Circuits in the Purkinje Neuron

Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum have over 100,000 inputs organized in an orthogonal geometry, and a single output channel. As the sole output of the cerebellar cortex layer, their complex firing pattern has been associated with motor control and learning. As such they have been extensively modeled and measured using tools ranging from electrophysiology and neuroanatomy, to dynamic systems and artificial intelligence methods. However, there is an alternative approach to analyze and describe the neuronal output of these cells using concepts from Electrical Engineering, particularly signal processing and digital/analog circuits. By viewing the Purkinje neuron as an unknown circuit to be reverse-engineered, we can use the tools that provide the foundations of today’s integrated circuits and communication systems to analyze the Purkinje system at the circuit level. We use Fourier transforms to analyze and isolate the inherent frequency modes in the Purkinje neuron and define 3 unique frequency ranges associated with the cells’ output. Comparing the Purkinje neuron to a signal generator that can be externally modulated adds an entire level of complexity to the functional role of these neurons both in terms of data analysis and information processing, relying on Fourier analysis methods in place of statistical ones. We also re-describe some of the recent literature in the field, using the nomenclature of signal processing. Furthermore, by comparing the experimental data of the past decade with basic electronic circuitry, we can resolve the outstanding controversy in the field, by recognizing that the Purkinje neuron can act as a multivibrator circuit.
A Comparison of Two Vertical-Mixing Schemes in a Pacific Ocean General Circulation Model

The upper Pacific Ocean current and temperature have been simulated by a 3-dimensional ocean general circulation model (OGCM) with two different vertical mixing schemes.
Quality characteristics of pork patties irradiated and stored in different packaging and storage conditions

Abstract Patties were made from pork loin, individually vacuum- or aerobic-packaged and stored either at 4 or −40°C. Refrigerated patties were irradiated at 0, 1.5, 3.0 or 4.5 kGy absorbed dose, and frozen ones were irradiated at 0, 2.5, 5.0, or 7.5 kGy. Samples were analyzed for lipid oxidation, volatile production and odor characteristics. Refrigerated samples were analyzed at 0, 1 and 2 weeks, and frozen ones after 0, 1.5 and 3 months of storage. With vacuum packaging, the lipid oxidation (TBARS) of both refrigerated and frozen patties was not influenced by irradiation and storage time except for the patties irradiated and refrigerated at 7.5 kGy. With refrigerated storage, panelists could detect irradiation odor at day 0, but not after 1 week at 4°C. With frozen storage, however, irradiation odor was detected even after 3 months of storage. With aerobic packaging, the TBARS of refrigerated pork patties increased with storage time. The TBARS of pork patties increased as irradiation dose increased at day 0, but the effect disappeared after 1 week at 4°C. Nonirradiated patties were preferred to the irradiated ones at day 0 because of the significant irradiation odor in the irradiated ones, but the off-odor disappeared after 1 week at 4°C. With frozen storage, patties irradiated at 7.5 kGy had higher TBARS than those irradiated at lower doses. Nonirradiated patties had higher preference scores than the irradiated ones for 1.5 months in frozen storage. Sulfur-containing compounds were responsible for most of the irradiation off-odor, but these volatilized quickly during storage under aerobic conditions. Overall, vacuum packaging was better than aerobic packaging for irradiation and subsequent storage of meat because it minimized oxidative changes in patties and produced minimal amounts of volatile compounds that might be responsible for irradiation off-odor during storage.
Usage of Mined Word Associations for Text Retrieval

In this paper, we evaluated the efficacy of mined association rules between words for measuring the similarity between documents to enhance the text retrieval. In our experiments, for each document relevant to a query, we formed a group of documents having at least one common frequent set of words with the answer document. Then we measured the precision of the documents in the same group as an answer set to the corresponding query. This experiment was performed using a corpus of the Text retrieval conference (TREC) and search results. Our experimental results show that the frequent sets of words mined from our test database are useful in ranking query result sets to improve the precision of retrieval.
SafeTSA: a type safe and referentially secure mobile-code representation based on static single assignment form

introduce SafeTSA, a type-safe mobile code representa- tion based on static single assignment form. We are devel- oping SafeTSA as an alternative to the Java Virtual Ma- chine, over which it has several advantages: (1) SafeTSA is better suited as input to optimizing dynamic code genera- tors and allows CSE to be performed at the code producer's site. (2) SafeTSA provides incorruptible referential integrity and uses "type separation" to achieve intrinsic type safety. These properties reduce the code verification eort at the code consumer's site considerably. (3) SafeTSA can trans- port the results of type and bounds-check elimination in a tamper-proof manner. Despite these advantages, SafeTSA is more compact than Java bytecode.
Scheduling real-time recursive DSP algorithms with fixed interprocessor communication delays

The problem of multiprocessor implementation of real-time recursive DSP algorithms with fixed interprocessor communication delay is studied. A strategy to achieve the objective is presented. An efficient heuristic algorithm for finding a rate-optimal schedule, given the processor allocation, is introduced. >
Context-driven testing of object-oriented systems

Many different testing techniques have been proposed by researchers, but essentially only two main testing philosophies exist, black box and white box. There exist a number of different testing methods for structural testing of procedural languages. However, the features of object-oriented languages are not addressed by such techniques. The article explores a new structural testing technique for object-oriented systems by developing a testing methodology based on object manipulations and driven by the context of the program under test.
Drones, maps and crescents: CBS News' visual construction of the Middle East

Over the last two years, the authors have noticed in CBS World News online an increased reliance on graphics inset into news articles in place of photojournalism, particularly in articles about Middle Eastern conflicts. What are the emergent patterns of this change? By analyzing the visual symbolism of these graphics, they discuss a number of distinct patterns, which they interpret by examining the following aspects: disconnections in the article between the visual and written text; the use of an image bank in composing these images; the de-contextualization of maps as out of place; the conflation of Islam and the Middle East through the juxtaposition of Islamic symbols with those of current military conflicts; the prevalence and influence of Arab exceptionalism; and finally the representation of Islam as monolithic. Language: en
The Elephant in the Room: The Invisibility of Poverty in Research on Type 2 Diabetes

Over two hundred years of anecdotal, epidemiological, and experimental evidence indicate that poverty breeds disease. This holds true for type 2 diabetes, which both in the United States and other developed nations disproportionately occurs, cripples, and kills among the poor. In this article we examine rhetorical strategies used in 30 journal articles indexed under type 2 diabetes and poverty. As we show, poverty is rarely highlighted in this literature as a causal factor. Instead, explanations for diabetes among poor people overwhelmingly emphasize features of patients—their biology, behaviors, psychology, culture, or other “risk factors”—while ignoring, reframing or neglecting the links between poverty and disease. By so doing, these discursive strategies naturalize higher rates of diabetes among poor persons, legitimize relations of domination in the larger society, and encourage only research projects, treatment practices and health and social policies that do not challenge existing social relations. We discuss the implications of these discursive practices for medical research and care, and for social and public health policies.
Characteristics of Frankfurters Prepared from Mutton and Fowl

The nutritional, chemical, physical, and sensory properties of mutton:fowl (M/F) frankfurters were compared to those of an all beef frankfurter. The beef frankfurter was higher in fat and lower in moisture (P 0.05) than the experimental product. The 1M/1F and 2M/ 1F frankfurters were higher (P 0.05) in niacin and thiamin than the beef frankfurters. The mineral content of the experimental frankfurters was consistent with that of other processed meat products. The water-holding capacity (WHC) and emulsion stability (ES) of the 2M/1F frankfurters were superior (P 0.05) to those of the 1M/1F. The beef frankfurter was redder and firmer (P 0.05) than the experimental frankfurters. The M/F frankfurters were preferred over the beef for juiciness and flavor.
Degradation of Cellulose and Starch by Anaerobic Bacteria

Cellulolytic and amylolytic systems of some anaerobic bacteria are now known to be far more complex than simply the production of extracellular enzymes. These systems include the interaction of many components to effectively hydrolyze the polysaccharides. The constituents of these systems appear to form some type of complex: membrane associated for some gram-negative amylolytics and exocellular cellulosomes for some gram-positive cellulolytics.
Displacement of warfarin from human albumin by diazoxide and ethacrynic, mefenamic, and nalidixic acids

Large doses of drugs that are highly bound to proteins can displace coumarin anticoagulants from plasma proteins and thereby potentiate anticoagulation. Mefenamic acid, ethacrynic acid, nalidixoic acid, and diazoxide displace significant amounts of warfarin from human albumin in vitro by a noncompetitive mechanism. The relative potency of these displacing agents is: mefenamic acid > ethacrynic acid > diazoxide > nalidixic acid. If this effect occw's in vivo, clinical use of these drugs would cause an increase of 66 to 400 per cent in free active warfarin and make it necessary to reduce anticoagulant dosage in order to prevent excessive hypoprothrombinemia and hemorrhage.
Agrarian Impasse in Bengal: Institutional Constraints to Technological Change

Why are Bangladesh and the neighbouring state of West Bengal the home of some of the world's poorest people when the region was once legendary for its agricultural abundance? Why are the current rice yields among the world's lowest when the region's farmland is among the most fertile? This book explores the reasons. The region's agricultural performance from 1949-80 is documented, and then analyzed in terms of underlying demographic, technological and institutional determinants. The neo-Malthusian view that over-population is the main cause of impoverishment in Bangladesh and West Bengal is challenged. The author identifies the key technological constraint to agricultural growth as water control - irrigation, drainage, and flood control - which in turn requires the development of institutions for co-operation above the level of the individual farm. He argues that the fundamental barrier to fulfillment of the region's great agricultural potential is an agrarian structure which is not only inequitable but also inefficient.
Imaging Genetics with fMRI

This chapter provides the rationale for combining genetics studies with neuroimaging in general and functional MRI (fMRI) in particular. The design of fMRI genetics studies is briefly reviewed before describing some limitations of this method and likely future directions.
"Tis a consummation devoutly to be wished" : mortality, sexuality and spirituality in the early modern period.

This thesis explores the eroticism of mortality and spirituality during the Early Modern Period. This thesis argues that this eroticism stems from anxiety about the loss of human control to the forces of Death and the Divine. This led writers and artists to frame mortality in terms of the limit-experience of sexuality. By characterizing death as an intimate relationship with a personified figure, Early Modern artists could explore mortality’s hold over humanity, as well as humanity’s ability to choose mortality willingly. Mortality was also intricately linked to the religious fervor of the Early Modern Period, as believers sought to eroticize their spiritual relationships with the only being they considered more powerful than Death, their God. This relationship with God allowed believers to transcend the boundaries of finitude and cross into infinitude. This thesis identifies tropes associated with this impulse and provides a survey of key sources involved in their exploration.
Role of hepatic blood flow in regulating plasma concentration of antidiuretic hormone after hemorrhage.

SummaryHemorrhage in splenectomized dogs under pentobarbital caused a decrease of hepatic blood flow (HBF) and an increase of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) concentration in the arterial plasma. The splanchnic extraction ratio for ADH remained at about 0.22 with all degrees of hemorrhage. Therefore as the HBF was reduced by hemorrhage, the splanchnic clearance of ADH decreased, and so did the percentage of total plasma ADH cleared by the splanchnic organs (mainly the liver) per unit time. After hemorrhage, the decrease in ADH clearance is not a major factor in causing the initial rapid rise in the circulating ADH concentration, but plays a part in maintaining this concentration at an elevated level.