cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagnosing scan chain timing faults through statistical feature analysis of scan images

Excessive test mode power-ground noise in nanometer scale chips causes large delay uncertainties in scan chains, resulting in a highly elevated rate of timing failures. The hybrid timing violation types in scan chains, plus their possibly intermittent manifestations, invalidate the traditional assumptions in scan chain fault behavior, significantly increasing the ambiguity and difficulty in diagnosis. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology to resolve the challenge of diagnosing multiple permanent or intermittent timing faults in scan chains. Instead of relying on fault simulation that is incapable of approximating the intermittent fault manifestation, the proposed technique characterizes the impact of timing faults by analyzing the phase movement of scan patterns. Extracting fault-sensitive statistical features of phase movement information provides strong signals for the precise identification of fault locations and types. The manifestation probability of each fault is furthermore computed through a mathematical transformation framework which accurately models the behavior of multiple faults as a Markov chain. The fault model utilized in the proposed scheme considers the effect of possibly asymmetric fault manifestation, thus maximally approximating the realistic failure behavior. Simulations on large benchmark circuits and two industrial designs have confirmed that the proposed methodology can yield highly accurate diagnosis results even for complicated fault manifestations such as multiple intermittent faults with mixed fault types.
Customer Lifetime Value: A Vital Marketing/Financial Concept For Businesses

One of the most important decisions in finance is the investment decision. The investment decision involves the allocation of capital for investment proposals whose benefits are projected to be realized in the future. Investment decisions should be evaluated in terms of their expected risk and return. “The investment decision, then, determines the total amount of assets held by the firm, the composition of these assets, and the business-risk complexion of the firm as perceived by suppliers of capital” (Van Horne, 2002). Customers have been identified by retailers as one of five critical assets that need to be managed effectively in order to achieve their financial objectives. Every customer varies in their lifetime value to a particular organization. The focus of companies has shifted from treating customers as just an entity involved in the business process to treating them as a critical part of their business success. In particular, the importance of a customer is judged by the longevity of a series of potential or actual transactions as opposed to his or her single transaction with the firm. Because of this, activities of a company are now targeted toward developing a long-term relationship with a customer.
Pneumosinus dilatans and arachnoid cyst: a unique association.

The authors describe two patients in whom pneumosinus dilatans was associated with arachnoid cysts
Review of Campsicnemus (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) of the Marquesas, French Polynesia, with description of four new species groups

The Marquesan species of Campsicnemus are reviewed and four new species groups: the gladiator group (Marquesan gladiator flies), the aa group (Marquesan vowel flies), the englundi group (Marquesan silly-walk flies), and the hihiroa group (Marquesan eyelash flies) are defined. Twelve new species are described and illustrated: Campsicnemus gladiator Evenhuis, n. sp. (gladiator group); C. aa Evenhuis, n. sp., C. ee Evenhuis, n. sp., C. ii Evenhuis, n. sp., C. oo Evenhuis, n. sp., C. uu Evenhuis, n. sp. (all in the aa group); C. englundi Evenhuis, n. sp.; C. cheesmanae Evenhuis, n. sp., C. plautus Evenhuis, n. sp.; (all in the englundi group); C. dytei Evenhuis, n. sp., C. hihiroa Evenhuis, n. sp., C. taratara Evenhuis, n. sp. (all in the hihiroa group). A key to all known French Polynesian species groups of Campsicnemus and to species within each species group in the Marquesas are given.
High-resolution temporal and stratigraphic record of Siletzia’s accretion and triple junction migration from nonmarine sedimentary basins in central and western Washington

The presence of early Eocene near-trench magmatism in western Washington and southern British Columbia has led to speculation that this area experienced ridge-trench interaction during that time. However, the effects of this process as they are preserved in other parts of the geologic record are poorly known. We present high-precision U-Pb zircon geochronology from Paleogene nonmarine sedimentary and volcanic sequences in central and western Washington that preserve a record of tectonic events between ca. 60 and 45 Ma. The data reveal that the Swauk, Chuckanut, and Manastash Formations formed a nonmarine sedimentary basin along the North American margin between ≤59.9 and 51.3 Ma. This basin experienced significant disruption that culminated in basinwide deformation, uplift, and partial erosion during accretion of the Siletzia terrane between 51.3 and 49.9 Ma. Immediately following accretion, dextral strike-slip faulting began, or accelerated, on the Darrington–Devil’s Mountain, Entiat, Leavenworth, Eagle Creek, and Straight Creek–Fraser fault zones between 50 and 46 Ma. During this time, the Chumstick Formation was deposited in a strike-slip basin coeval with near-trench magmatism. Faulting continued on the Entiat, Eagle Creek, and Leavenworth faults until a regional sedimentary basin was reestablished ≤45.9 Ma, and may have continued on the Straight Creek–Fraser fault until 35–30 Ma. This record of basin disruption, volcanism, and strike-slip faulting is consistent with ridge-trench interaction and supports the presence of an oceanic spreading ridge at this latitude along the North American margin during the early Eocene.
Network of knowledge: wikipedia as a sociotechnical system of intelligence

The purpose of this study was to explore the codependencies of the social and technical structures that yield Wikipedia the website and Wikipedia the community. In doing so, the research investigated the implications of such a sociotechnical system for the maintenance of the project and the emergence of collective intelligence. Using a theoretical framework informed by digital media studies, science and technology studies, and the political economy of communication, this study examined the material and ideological conditions in which Wikipedia has developed. The study's guiding research questions addressed the nature of Wikipedia's sociotechnical system and potential for collective intelligence, as well as the historical development of the project's technical infrastructure and the state of its technology-assisted collaboration. A mainly qualitative multi-method research approach was employed, including document analysis, semi-structured interviewing, and social network analysis. A plethora of documents were carefully selected and examined to explore how and why decisions were made, policies implemented, and technologies adopted on the site. Additionally, 45 interviews were conducted with members of Wikipedia's technical community to understand the relationships between social and technical aspects of the project and the motivations of programmers who contribute automated tools. Finally, social network measures and visualizations were used to interrogate notions of collaboration and make more transparent the centrality of technology to the content creation process. The study revealed that Wikipedia's technical development has been shaped by the dueling ideologies of the open-source software movement and postindustrial capitalism. Its sociotechnical system features the complex collaboration of human contributors, automated programs, social bureaucracy, and technical protocol, each of which conditions the existence and meaning of the others. In addition, the activity on Wikipedia fits established models of collective intelligence and suggests the emergence of a cyberculture, or culturally informed shared intelligence, unique to the digital media context. Software robots (bots) are central actors in this system and are explored in detail throughout this research.
Bionomics of Euplectrus puttleri, new species, an introduced parasite of the velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis, from South America.

Euplectrus puttleri Gordh n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a gregarious external parasite indigenous to the Neotropical region. It was discovered in Colombia (S.A.) as a parasite of the velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hubner), and introduced into the U.S. in 1975 to aid in the biological control of its host, an important pest of soybeans, peanuts, and other leguminous plants throughout the southeastern United States. E. puttleri was released in Florida and Louisiana, in 1976 and in Mississippi in 1978. To date, E. puttleri is known to be established in Florida, although F1 recoveries were made in Mississippi in 1978. E. puttleri is multivoltine and presumably host specific to A. gemmatalis. It was observed to host feed; also, oviposition inhibits molting by the host. Newly emerged females undergo a preoviposition period. Oviposition occurs on all host instars except the 1st, and eggs are laid anywhere on the host dorsum. The mean numbers of eggs laid increased with each succeeding instar parasitized. Mean developmental time at temperatures ranging from 15°C–30°C was 44.1–9.9 days. Ovipositing females had a mean longevity of 14.3 days at 22°C–24°C and 30–50% RH, parasitized an average of 23 larvae, and had a mean fecundity of 100.5, laid an average of 7.2 eggs, and parasitized 1.7 larvae/day. Peak oviposition occurred on the 5th–7th day of adult life. Adult longevity increased as temperature was decreased from 35° to 4°–7°C. Maximum longevity at these low temperatures was 90 days. A high RH and enlarging the area of confinement also contributed to increased longevity. Horismenus sp. (Eulophidae) is recorded as a hyperparasite of E. puttleri in Colombia. H. fraternus (Fitch), Tetrastichus dolosus Gahan, and T. euplectri Gahan (Eulophidae) are known hyperparasites of Euplectrus spp. in the U.S.
IMPS-38CETUXIMAB THERAPY REQUIRES IMMUNE STIMULATION FOR EFFICACY IN PEDIATRIC GLIOBLASTOMA.

Pediatric glioblastoma (GBM) patients have <10% 5-year survival rate, and numerous experimental therapeutic approaches have failed to significantly improve survival. Effective therapies will therefore require a better understanding of the tumor and its environment. Myeloid cells and t-cells are increased in GBM compared to normal brain tissue, and have been shown to be immunosuppressive. This immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment will negatively impact immunotherapeutic approaches, such as EGFR-targeted antibody treatments, notably EGFR-targeted cetuximab and nimotuzumab. This class of antibodies has shown modest activity in pediatric GBM and we propose that adjuvant immune stimulatory treatment, to reverse inherent immunosuppression, will be required for improved efficacy. Here we investigate the effect of cetuximab in GBM cell line/immune effector cell co-cultures with and without immune stimulating adjuvants, IL-2 and GM-CSF. Different GBM cell lines were co-cultured with HLA-matched allogenic peripheral blood mononuclear cells and treated with cetuximab, GM-CSF, IL-2, or combinations of these. Cetuximab alone had no effect on cytotoxicity. However, addition of immune stimulants to cetuximab resulted in cytotoxicity in GBM cells as measured by accumulation of cleaved caspase 3/7. Combination of cetuximab with both GM-CSF and IL-2 resulted in the greatest cytotoxicity. Additionally, and ex-vivo pediatric GBM organotypic slice culture model was used to better evaluate immunotherapeutic strategies. Organotypic slice cultures contain patient, therefore autologous, infiltrating myeloid cells and t-cells, providing a clinically relevant model of GBM. The slices were treated for 10 days and followed by flow cytometric measurement of proliferation and cell death. Cetuximab alone reduced growth of tumor cells and also reduced cell death. Combination therapy of GM-CSF, IL-2, and cetuximab, however, increased immune cell proliferation, and reduced tumor cell proliferation and increased tumor cell cytotoxicity. We suggest that cetuximab, along with any other therapeutic antibody approach, requires combination immune stimulation in the treatment of GBM.
Some perspectives on storm beach effect research and further prospects in China

Tropical storms,which occur frequently in coastal areas,cause strong waves and surge storms that can transport vast sediments in a short time,heavily impacting coastal geomorphology,inshore topography and littoral sedimentation.Herein,studies of future trends of tropical cyclone development and progress in storm hydrodynamic studies are summarized.In addition,the status of research on storm beach effects in the recent decades,including investigations and studies of storm disasters,differences in storm beach effects,sediment transport under storm conditions and storm-related sedimentology are discussed.The review indicated that there is a lack of domestic studies on storm beach effects based on quantitative measurement and analysis of sediment transport during tropical storms,studies of different storm effects under multi-factors coupling and beach processes under storm conditions.Storm beach effect studies in China are necessary,but deficient;therefore,the integrative field monitoring system should be enhanced as the basis of these studies.In addition,further research regarding beach processes under extreme hydrodynamic conditions are needed.Furthermore,it is necessary to develop beach storm response prediction models.Finally,the development of beach surge protection technologies and their application should be intensified.
Incremental change in student knowledge during a third-year family medicine clerkship.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Family medicine clerkships compete with other clinical experiences for a limited amount of available curricular time. The overlap of clinical material covered by other departments raises the possibility that students will realize increased or diminished added value from a family practice rotation if they take it later in the third-year schedule. METHODS All students (n = 420) in a required third-year clerkship in two geographically distant medical schools completed pre- and post-clerkship multiple choice examinations on the clinical content of family practice. School A has a lock-step schedule; all the clinical rotations are taken in a specific order by all students. School B has a random schedule. These examinations were random samples, stratified by clinical subject area, from the Exam. Kit database, based on the text Essentials of Family Medicine, Second Edition. The difference between the pre- and post-clerkship scores determined the incremental performance. RESULTS There was no significant change in incremental performance over the course of the year at either school. CONCLUSIONS The increased fund of knowledge acquired during a family medicine clerkship, as measured by a multiple choice examination, is not diminished by prior clinical clerkships in other specialties.
A Young Child with Papillary Thyroid Cancer and Metastatic Pulmonary Disease: Role of Radioactive Iodine Therapy in Children

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common pediatric endocrine malignancy. Cervical lymph node metastases occur in the vast majority of pediatric PTC, whereas pulmonary metastases occur in up to 25 % of cases (depending on the series) and generally only with concomitant significant locoregional lymph node disease. Pulmonary metastases are typically micronodular and usually demonstrate excellent radioactive iodine (RAI) uptake, making them amenable to successful treatment with 131I. Although some children will demonstrate a complete response to RAI therapy, others will have persistent albeit stable disease following one or more courses of 131I. Clinical response to RAI may take several years to manifest, and more than one 131I treatment will need to be considered, especially in those children with high-volume pulmonary metastatic disease. Despite a higher risk of pulmonary metastases compared with adults, the risk of disease-specific mortality remains very low in children, and survival over decades is the norm. Therefore, the risks of repeated courses of 131I therapy (e.g., pulmonary fibrosis and secondary malignancies) need to be balanced against the risks of the disease itself, making the management of pulmonary metastatic disease in young children challenging. Contemporary approaches include postoperative risk stratification to identify those children at highest risk for distant metastatic disease and a more conservative approach to RAI treatment and the long-term management of this population.
Transfusion Malaria and Immigrant Blood Donors

reported in the literature [3]. Unlike other species of Plasmodium that cause malaria, which are usually eliminated in less than three years, P. malariae persists in the blood for many years [3, 4]. Asexual erythrocytic parasites, which have a 72hr cycle, evade the immune system for years by unknown mechanisms. Because of low parasitemia, parasites are usually not seen on thick or thin blood films, and the chronically infected individual is usually asymptomatic. After a case of transfusion malaria occurs, the infected donor is identified by the indirect fluorescent antibody test. In 1974, the American Association of Blood Banks and the American National Red Cross changed the standards for donor selection (for a detailed discussion, see [4]). For the first time immigrants from endemic areas could be accepted as blood donors if they had been out of an endemic area for three years and had been asymptomatic in the interim. It might be expected that this change in the regulations would increase the incidence of transfusion malaria due to P. malariae, since malaria caused by P. malariae is characterized by a chronic, asymptomatic erythrocytic infection [3, 4]. However, P. malariae rarely causes serious morbidity or death. A few cases per year of transfusion malaria caused by this nonmalignant malaria parasite may be acceptable in order to maintain an adequate supply of highquality blood (e.g., blood with a lower risk for hepatitis). Whatever the reasons for the change, rules for donor selection should be reevaluated
Das Yogasystem geistiger Konzentration und die religiöse Mystik

Vielleicht nimmt die Mystik nirgends einen so breiten Raum ein wie in Indien. Trotzdem konnen wir uns, da wir keine Geschichte der Mystik schreiben, mit der Betrachtung des einflusreichsten Yogasystems1, des von Patandschali begnugen, das seit 1914 auf Englisch zuganglich ist 2.
The Effect of Changeover Delays on Schedule-Induced Drinking on Concurrent Schedules

Four experimentally naive male albino rats were exposed to concurrent variable-interval schedules. The duration of the changeover delay was varied using durations of 8, 4, 0, and 4 s. Schedule-induced drinking was not restricted to the postpellet period but also followed unreinforced responding. Postpellet lick episodes decreased as the changeover delay duration decreased. For three of the four subjects, postresponse lick episodes increased with decreases in changeover delay duration. Drinking never followed a changeover response nor occurred during a changeover delay. The occurrence of postresponse licking and the absence of licking during the changeover delay supports an analysis of the changeover delay as a period of high reinforcement density.
Examining the impact of organizational and individual characteristics on forensic scientists’ job stress and satisfaction

AbstractResearch on job stress and satisfaction among police and correctional officers has dramatically improved our knowledge of the experiences of criminal justice system employees. There is, however, minimal research on the experiences of individuals whose work directly informs criminal justice practice, most notably forensic scientists who collect and analyze evidence in support of criminal investigations. This study is one of the first to address the gap in our knowledge using survey responses collected from a sample of 670 forensic scientists operating in local and state laboratories in 25 states across the US. Regression models demonstrate that scientists who report higher stress were females who worked more hours, who had a poor relationship with court actors, minimal managerial support, and role ambiguities that made it difficult to do their jobs. Those with greater job satisfaction were unmarried, highly educated individuals with positive attitudes toward their work, greater managerial support, ...
Serum HER2 as a biomarker to monitor breast cancer patients for treatments

O of the HER2/neu receptor occurs in 15 to 30 percent of breast tumors and is linked to poorer prognosis. Currently HER2/neu expression status determines whether patient will receive trastuzumabbased treatment. In clinical practice, overexpression of HER2/neu is identified using IHC or FISH, both of which are invasive approaches requiring tissue samples. Serum assays for HER2/neu receptor have been reported but the use is very limited due to serum interference factors (e.g. human anti-animal antibodies) that lead to false test results and inconsistency with tissue Her2 status. We have developed an ELISA based approach implementing an MBB buffer to eliminate false results and to obtain more accurate assessment of HER2/neu levels. Using this refined assay we retroactively measured HER2/neu levels from 56 patients. Pre-treatment (e.g. surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy) samples were available from 12 patients, of which 6 patients were tissue HER2/neu positive and the other six were negative. All the HER2/ neu positive samples had higher serum levels than negative ones (p < 0.05). We observed a decrease in serum HER-2/neu values after surgery in two out of 5 patients. In 5 patients experienced recurrence or metastasis, HER2/neu level significantly increased from the treatment-established baseline, accompanying recurrence and before metastasis. Our results indicate that we can monitor HER2 ECD as a biomarker over the course of disease progression and treatment.
Use of an online personal health record's Track Health function to promote positive lifestyle behaviors in Veterans with prediabetes.

This pilot 3-month clinical trial investigated the feasibility, effectiveness, and acceptability of using the Track Health function of the Veterans Health Administration’s personal health record fo...
Incentives, Peer Pressure, and Behavior Persistence

Organizations often introduce temporary incentive programs with a view of establishing long lasting behaviors. Monetary payoffs are awarded upon achievement of team goals, which measure the success of the initiative. In this study I explore whether and how organizational behavior modifications introduced via temporary incentive programs persist beyond the incentive period. In many cases, achieving team goals requires the cooperation of members of the organization external to the team and not eligible to receive the monetary award. In this study I compare the persistence of behavior modifications between subjects rewarded with a monetary award with subjects that are exposed uniquely to peer pressure. Using hand hygiene performance data from a California hospital, I find that monetary incentive are associated with higher likelihood and greater magnitude of performance improvements during the incentive period, but are relatively short lived, while implicit incentives facilitate a longer persistence of the organizational behavior modification.
Abstract WP253: Is Target Stroke Initiative Effective in Reducing Door-To-Needle Times in All Size Hospitals?

Background & Purpose: National guidelines recommend door-to-needle (DTN) times Methods: We reviewed aggregate data from the Illinois Get With The Guidelines stroke registry benchmark, including data from 24 critical access hospitals participating in Target Stroke as part of the Illinois Critical Access Hospital Network stroke systems of care initiative. Results: Aggregate data from 78 hospitals, representing 2394 patient records, demonstrates the overall decrease in median DTN times in ALL IL hospitals, including 24 ICAHN critical access hospitals. Primary Stroke Centers, community hospitals and 25 bed or less critical access hospitals implemented Target Stroke strategies during the 4 year period of Target Stroke implementation. Conclusion: Target Stroke strategies can improve timely intervention in hospitals regardless of hospital size. Critical access hospitals also demonstrated steady decrease in DTN times over four years. Further research is needed to identify which strategies are most effective in decreasing DTN times in the various size hospitals.
Comparing Child Maltreatment Prevention and Service Delivery at the Community Level of Practice: A Mixed-Methods Network Analysis

Child maltreatment practice has broadened in recent decades to include prevention strategies, however much remains unknown about how preventive efforts are enacted among organizations at the community level compared to service delivery. Using a mixed-methods design with 67 interviews and 80 network surveys, this study compares interactions among organizations across prevention and service domains. Data suggest that though organizations are active in prevention, and view services as preventative, prevention efforts are substantially less defined, relationships around prevention are less mutually recognized, and prevention occurs in a structure of more dispersed rather than centralized connections. Results are discussed for policy and practice relevance.
“I think you just got mixed up”: confident peer tutors hedge to support partners’ face needs

During collaborative learning, computer-supported or otherwise, students balance task-oriented goals with the interpersonal goals of relationship-building. This means that in peer tutoring, some pedagogically beneficial behaviors may be avoided by peer tutors due to their likelihood to get in the way of relationship-building. In this paper, we explore how the interpersonal closeness between students in a peer tutoring dyad and the peer tutors’ instructional self-efficacy impacts those tutors’ delivery style of various tutoring moves, and explore the impact those tutoring move delivery styles have on their partners’ learning. We found that tutors with lower social closeness with their tutees provide more positive feedback to their tutee and use more indirect instructions and comprehension-monitoring, but this is only the case for tutors with greater tutoring self-efficacy. And in fact, those tutees solved more problems and learned more when their tutors hedged instructions and comprehension-monitoring, respectively. We found no effect of hedging for dyads with greater social closeness, on the other hand, suggesting that interpersonal closeness may reduce the face-threat of direct instructions and comprehension-monitoring, and hence reduce the need for indirectness, while tutors’ instructional self-efficacy allows tutors to use those moves without feeling threatened themselves. These results emphasize that designers of CSCL systems should understand the nature of how the interpersonal closeness between collaborating students intersects with those students’ self-efficacy to impact the use and delivery of their learning behaviors, in order to best support them in collaborating effectively.
A Comparison of Cooldown Time between Internally Coated and Uncoated Propellant Lines

With the approach of complex space missions and long cruise times, a rapid cooldown of the cryogenic propellant line becomes mandatory. Some of the problems of long chilldown include propellant waste and delayed engine starting. Early liquidsolid contact during cooldown of engine suction lines is required to damp out liquid mass fluctuations to avoid flow instabilities and pump cavitation.
Therapy and Healing

In ancient China, Confucius praised the old remedies, good advice today as we rush to embrace the latest therapeutic innovations. And later, in tenth-century Persia, Rhazes described the importance of natural vitality in healing. Surgeon William Halsted wrote of the role of confidence at the operating table, essential to the successful surgeon, while on the medical side, Fuller Albright underscored the need to understand the fundamentals of any therapy employed.
Self-reported Eyeglass Use by US Medicare Beneficiaries Aged 65 Years or Older

Importance Medicare benefits do not include coverage for eyeglasses except after cataract surgery. Understanding the implications of a change to this policy would require knowing the number of Medicare beneficiaries who use eyeglasses, but no recent estimates are available. Objective To estimate the number of older adults with Medicare who use eyeglasses. Design, Setting, Participants This cross-sectional study used data from the 2015 US National Health and Aging Trends Study. Nationally representative data from 7497 respondents were reviewed and sample weights were applied so that the data represented 43.9 million Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older. The estimates were based on the following 4 groupings of beneficiaries: (1) number who used eyeglasses for distance vision correction and had distance vision impairment, (2) number who did not use eyeglasses for distance vision correction and had distance vision impairment, (3) number who used eyeglasses for near vision correction and had near vision impairment, and (4) number who did not use eyeglasses for near vision correction and had near vision impairment. The prevalence of self-reported use of glasses was estimated using the results of this survey and the Medicare enrollment file. Data were analyzed from July 12, 2017, to November 30, 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures Self-reported use of eyeglasses or contact lenses. Results Of the estimated 43.9 million Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older in 2015, approximately 40.5 million (92.4%; 95% CI, 91.6%-93.1%) reported using eyeglasses for either distance or near vision correction. Differences in sociodemographics were observed between those who reported using eyeglasses. Individuals who were older, were nonwhite, had lower educational levels, were less affluent, and had prior cataract surgery were significantly less likely to use eyeglasses. Approximately 27 million beneficiaries (61.7%; 95% CI, 60.3%-63.1%) used eyeglasses for distance vision correction, and approximately 37.2 million beneficiaries (84.8%; 95% CI, 83.8%-85.8%) used eyeglasses for near vision correction. Conclusions and Relevance Potential sociodemographic disparities in eyeglass use by age, race/ethnicity, educational level, and income were identified. This finding suggests that innovative public policy solutions are needed to address these disparities among the large number of Medicare beneficiaries who use eyeglasses.
Mechanical Characterization and Numerical Material Modeling of Polyurea

The mechanical behavior of four unique blends of polyurea materials has been investigated through a combined experimental and computational study. Mechanical characterization of each material was evaluated under both tensile and compressive loading at strain rates ranging from 0.01 to 100 strains per second (1/s). Planar blast wave experiments utilizing a 40 mm light gas gun were also conducted which imparted strain rates up to 104 strains per second (1/s). The material testing results showed that stress-strain response is a function of loading, strain level, and strain rate. These results were utilized to define a non-linear rubber material model in Ls-Dyna which was validated against the test data through a series of “block” type simulations for each material. Each material model was shown to replicate both the tensile and compressive behavior as well as the strain rate dependence. The material models were subsequently extended to the simulations of the blast wave experiments. The blast wave simulations were shown to accurately capture wave propagation resulting from a shock type pressure loading as well as the stress magnitudes of the transmitted waves after passing through the respective polyurea materials. The current study has resulted in the mechanical characterization of four polyurea materials under tensile/compressive loading at increasing strain rates, a suitably validated numerical material model, and suitable correlations between experimental and simulation results.
Corruption and Journalism

Corruption is one of the most severe forms of immoral behavior in public and private life, particularly when it involves the function of trusted social institutions. Several paradigm examples include the Catholic church’s sexual abuse of children, Russian meddling in the 2016 U.S. Presidential election, and the Standard Oil monopoly that corrupted the trade and sales of oil in the late nineteenth century.
Mitigation of lack of fusion defects in powder bed fusion additive manufacturing

Abstract Components manufactured by additive manufacturing often exhibit improper fusion among layers and hatches. Currently, there is no practical way to select process parameters and alloy systems based on scientific principles to mitigate these defects. Here, we develop, test and demonstrate a methodology to predict and prevent these defects based on a numerical heat transfer and fluid flow model for the laser powder bed fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing (AM). These defects are avoidable by adjusting laser power, scanning speed, layer thickness and hatch spacing. An easy to use parameter is proposed for practical use in shop floors. Relative susceptibilities of three widely used AM alloys are demonstrated using this parameter.
The role of cinematic rendering in pre-operative planning of a thoracodorsal artery perforator flap (TDAP) phalloplasty: a case study

The thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) flap is a muscle-sparing skin and fat flap that requires precise intramuscular dissection of the thoracodorsal artery perforators in the axillary region. Pre-operative image-based treatment planning is a crucial part of flap design. In this article, we discuss the first-ever reported use of the cinematic volume rendering technique (CVRT) to evaluate the thoracodorsal artery for a TDAP flap phalloplasty in a 49-year-old transgender patient. Cinematic volume rendering technique uses light maps to generate photo-realistic three-dimensional images of the thoracodorsal artery and its perforators. These images aid the surgeon in evaluating optimal perforators and latissimus dorsi muscle involvement for more efficient flap design.
Expanding the Patient's Voice in Nephrology with Patient-Reported Outcomes.

As patient-oriented care has expanded in health care, the use of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) to evaluate patients’ health has increased as well. A PRO is defined by the US Food and Drug Administration as “any report coming from patients about a health condition and its treatment, without
A farewell to arms: using X-ray synchrotron imaging to investigate autotomy in brittle stars

Autotomy, the self-induced loss of a body structure, occurs in every living class of echinoderms and is related to the remarkable regeneration capabilities of the group. It is particularly prevalent in brittle stars (Class Ophiuroidea). Autotomy is facilitated by mutable collagenous tissue, which undergoes nervous system-mediated changes in tensile stiffness, tensile strength, and viscosity. The previous investigations of autotomy have been based on observations of the external surface, surgical manipulation of internal structures, or data on the morphology of structures post-autotomy. We used fast phase-contrast X-ray synchrotron imaging to visualize full autotomy events in vivo in the arms of specimens of the brittle star Ophioderma brevispina. This method requires no chemical or surgical manipulation and enabled us to identify several key stages in the autotomy process. We used this methodology to observe critical changes within the internal structure of the arm as it transitions from a functional mechanical apparatus to a dysfunctional disarticulated state. This method is the first in which the full intersegmental plane of the arm can be observed during autotomy. It can be applied to visualize autotomy and motion in vivo in other brittle star taxa, as well as in other groups such as asteroids and arthropods.
Abstract #1484: Cellular compartmentalization of BTG1 in Glucocorticoid-evoked apoptosis of human leukemic CCRF-CEM cells

Our goal is to characterize key early modulators of apoptosis to facilitate the treatment of diseases involving dysfunctional apoptosis mechanism such as cancer and autoimmune disease. Glucocorticoids (GC) are steroid hormones that induce apoptosis in thymocytes and therefore are a viable treatment option for leukemia. Two clones of human leukemia CCRF-CEM cells, the GC resistant CEM-C1-15 and GC sensitive CEM-C7-14 are useful models to study pathways for GC-evoked apoptosis. Apoptosis in these cells is preceded by G1 cell cycle arrest and up regulation of several genes, including the antiproliferative gene btg1. BTG1 has been previously shown to arrest the cell cycle in G1 phase through a mechanism that requires nuclear translocation. Interestingly, GC resistant CEM-C1-15 cells express higher basal BTG1 transcript and protein levels, although they are refractory to GC-induced G1 arrest and apoptosis. In this study, we are investigating if nuclear translocation of BTG1 is a requirement for its anti-proliferative activity in GC-evoked apoptosis and whether a failure to translocate to the nucleus can explain the GC-resistance of CEM-C1-15 cells. Cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins from GC-treated cells are resolved by Western blot to compare the localization of BTG1 in the sensitive and resistant cell lines. Immunocytochemical visualization of BTG1 using an anti-BTG1 primary antibody and a Texas Red-conjugated secondary antibody is being done by confocal microscopy. Localization of ectopically expressed BTG1 is being investigated using transiently transfected GFP-BTG1. We have been successful in obtaining clean nuclear and cytoplasmic protein fractions for Western blotting, and data suggest higher nuclear localization of BTG1 protein in CEM-C7-14 cells stimulated to undergo apoptosis, compared to resistant CEM-C1-15 cells. Immunocytochemical localization of BTG1 shows distribution in both cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments even after GC stimulation of CEM-C7-14 cells. Further studies are ongoing to clarify the role of GC-induced nuclear translocation of BTG1 in evoking an apoptotic response. Acknowledgements: Funding for this project is provided by the Academic Research Enhancement Award (AREA) #R15CA122613-01A1 from the NIH. MW is a MARC U*STAR undergraduate research scholar. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 1484.
A-FABP and oestrogens are independently involved in the development of breast cancer

We previously reported that postmenopausal obese women exhibit increased levels of circulating adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP), which is associated with breast cancer (BC) development...
Human Cognition through the Lens of Social Engineering Cyberattacks.

Social engineering cyberattacks are a major threat because they often prelude sophisticated and devastating cyberattacks. Social engineering cyberattacks are a kind of psychological attack that exploits weaknesses in human cognitive functions. Adequate defense against social engineering cyberattacks requires a deeper understanding of what aspects of human cognition are exploited by these cyberattacks, why humans are susceptible to these cyberattacks, and how we can minimize or at least mitigate their damage. These questions have received some amount of attention but the state-of-the-art understanding is superficial and scattered in the literature. In this paper, we review human cognition through the lens of social engineering cyberattacks. Then, we propose an extended framework of human cognitive functions to accommodate social engineering cyberattacks. We cast existing studies on various aspects of social engineering cyberattacks into the extended framework, while drawing a number of insights that represent the current understanding and shed light on future research directions. The extended framework might inspire future research endeavors towards a new sub-field that can be called Cybersecurity Cognitive Psychology, which tailors or adapts principles of Cognitive Psychology to the cybersecurity domain while embracing new notions and concepts that are unique to the cybersecurity domain.
Acute effects of alcohol on error-elicited negative affect during a cognitive control task

Alcohol intoxication can dampen negative affective reactions to stressors. Recently, it has been proposed that these acute anxiolytic effects of alcohol may extend to dampening of negative affective reactions to error commission during cognitive control tasks. Nonetheless, empirical verification of this claim is lacking. Test the acute effect of alcohol on negative affective reactions to errors during an effort-demanding cognitive control task. Healthy, young adult social drinkers (N = 96 [49 women], 21–36 years old) were randomly assigned to consume alcohol (0.80 g/kg; n = 33 [15 female]), active placebo (0.04 g/kg; n = 33 [18 women]), or a non-alcoholic control beverage (n = 30 [16 women]) before completing the Eriksen flanker task. Corrugator supercilii (Corr) activation, a psychophysiological index of negative affect, was tracked across the task. Two neurophysiological reactions to errors, the error-related negativity (ERN) and the error positivity (Pe), were also measured. Erroneous actions increased Corr activation in the control and (to a lesser extent) placebo groups, but not in the alcohol group. Error-induced Corr activation was coupled to ERN and Pe in the control, but not in the alcohol and placebo groups. Error-induced Corr activation was not coupled to post-error performance adjustments in any group. The ability of alcohol to dampen error-related negative affect was verified. It was also shown that placebo alone can disrupt coupling of affective and (neuro)cognitive reactions to errors. Although its behavioral relevance remains to be demonstrated, more attention should be paid to the role of affect in action monitoring and cognitive control processes.
A Comparison of Health-Related Quality of Life Among Transgender Adults in the United States.

Few studies exist that examine within-group differences of the transgender population. This paper aims to assess differences in sociodemographic characteristics and health-related quality of life (...
Can Debate and Deliberation Reduce Partisan Divisions? Evidence from a Study of High School Students

This paper presents findings from a study of high school students (N = 165) engaged in discussions of controversial political issues within Close Up Washington’s civic education program. We report ...
Improving the Performance of Integrated Power-Hardware-in-the-Loop and Quasi-Static Time-Series Simulations

This article introduces a novel multirate cosimulation architecture that overcomes previous challenges integrating faster real-time, microseconds-scale, power-hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) with larger scale but slower, real-time, seconds-scale, quasi-static time-series (QSTS) simulation. Specifically, an intermediate reduced-equivalent electromagnetic transient (EMT) model duplicates the key power system topology to capture high-speed dynamics and converge hardware-power system interactions between QSTS updates. Exchanging multidimensional parameter vectors (loads, control status, etc.) between the QSTS and EMT models enables capturing the interactions of the rich, high-node-count (thousands of electrical nodes) QSTS model with the hardware. This architecture offers full spatial resolution from QSTS, including individual load dynamics, actual distribution management system controls, and nodal voltages. Simultaneously, the intermediate EMT model provides more detailed high-speed transients of key distributed energy resource hardware interactions. In addition, we use careful PHIL interface design and the exchange of complex power data, rather than current, to further improve performance. This cosimulation architecture is demonstrated by testing a simulated distribution system with an interconnected 500-kVA advanced photovoltaic (PV) inverter in PHIL. The architecture successfully captured PV local volt–volt ampere reactive (volt-VAR) control interactions with the larger network under time-varying electrical and weather conditions.
Important Diagnostic Testing of the Contact Lens Wearer

The contact lens wearers refractive error is neutralized by two separate systems. Analysis of each of these two systems of correcting lenses can tell much about the anatomy and physiology of the eye and the visual systems. Analysis of these two system and the results of testing any change in the correcting lenses or the visual acuity resulting will give a new dimension to diagnosis. Of most importance is the interplay between the two correcting or neutralizing systems.
Binding of medroxyprogesterone acetate in human breast cancer

Abstract Human mammary tumor cytosol contained macromolecules which bound 3 H-MPA ( 3 H-medroxyprogesterone acetate or 1,2- 3 H-6α-methyl-17α-acetoxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione) and 3 H-R5020 (6,7- 3 H-17,21-dimethyl-19-nor-pregna-4,9-diene-3,20-dione) similarly with high affinity (K a ≈ 2 nM −1 ) and specificity. The progestin-binding components had sedimentation coefficients of about 4S and 7S in sucrose gradients and had approximately the same number of binding sites for MPA and R5020 as revealed by gradient centrifugation and saturation analysis. Among the steroids tested, these components had the highest affinities for progestins and were probably progesterone receptors of human breast cancer. A 4S component of human serum bound 3 H-R5020 but not 3 H-MPA. With 3 H-MPA and 3 H-estradiol used as the tracers, the concentrations of progesterone and estrogen receptors have been determined in 236 human breast cancers by saturation analysis. Our results on the receptor content and response of 31 of these tumors to endocrine therapy suggest that progesterone receptor may be a better marker of a hormonally responsive breast cancer.
Placental transfer in normal and toxic gestation.

Abstract 1.1. Transabdominal aspiration of blood from the intervillous space at varying intervals after the intravenous injection of antipyrine shown that the concentration of antipyrine in intervillous blood has a mean value of 98 per cent of that in peripheral venous blood with a standard deviation of 8 per cent. This circumstance is analyzed in terms of the anatomy and physiology of the circulations to the placenta. 2.2. A method is presented for the calculation of the instantaneous intervillous concentration of antipyrine from the peripheral venous concentration. 3.3. Comparison of the concentrations of antipyrine in the umbilical vein with the calculated simultaneous intervillous concentration indicates that, in the time maternal and fetal blood are exposed at the placental barrier, equilibration of antipyrine is complete. 4.4. Similar studies employing sodium 24 indicate that the diffusion of charged particles is impeded. 5.5. In similar studies on patients with toxemias of pregnancy, no constant relationship is found between intervillous and peripheral venous concentration of either antipyrine or sodium. 6.6. The data from toxemic patients are analyzed in terms of possible anatomic and vascular changes that may occur in toxemia.