cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ICU intervention during induction chemotherapy for adult patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia.

Abstract We carried out a retrospective study on newly diagnosed AML patients to identify the risk factors associated with intensive care unit (ICU) intervention. One hundred and twenty consecutive AML patients were included. The median cycle of induction therapy (IT) was 2 (range 1–4). Ten patients (8%) needed ICU intervention during IT. The median time from first IT to ICU transfer was 16 days (range 2–88 days). Three patients required vasopressor/s, three mechanical ventilation, and four both. The cumulative probability for ICU intervention rose progressively with increasing cycles of IT received, from 2.5% during first induction to 27.5% at fourth induction. Age, sex, presentation white cell counts and coagulation profiles, cytogenetics, pre-chemotherapy ventricular ejection fractions, and prior chemoradiation were not risk factors. Univariate analysis identified a history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (p = 0.004) (RR = 5.7; p = 0.03) and positive blood cultures (BC) (p = 0.03) (RR = 3; p = 0.06) as significant risks. Multivariate analysis found a history of IBD as the only significant factor (p = 0.03), while positive BC (p = 0.1) trending towards significance. AML patients with a history of IBD and positive BC are at increased risks for ICU intervention during IT.
The pure rotational spectrum of the ScO (X2Σ+) radical

Abstract The rotational spectrum of ScO (X2Σ+) has been measured in the gas phase in the frequency range 30–493 GHz using a combination of Fourier transform microwave/millimeter-wave (FTM/mmW) and submillimeter direct absorption methods. This work is the first pure rotational study of this radical. Both the ground vibrational and v = 1 states were observed. ScO was created from the reaction of metal vapor, produced either by a laser ablation source or a Broida-type oven, and N2O, in the former case heavily diluted in argon. Extensive hyperfine structure was observed in the FTM/mmW data, although the spin-rotation splitting was found to be small (∼3 MHz). In the mm-wave spectra, however, the fine and hyperfine structure was blended together, resulting in broad, single lines for a given transition N + 1 ← N. The data were analyzed in a combined fit using the very accurate hyperfine measurements of Childs and Steimle (1988), employing a Hund’s case b Hamiltonian, and an improved set of rotational and centrifugal distortion constants were determined. These measurements improve the accuracy of predicted frequencies for astronomical searches by 14–18 MHz, or 16–20 km/s, in the 1 mm region – a difference of half to a full linewidth for certain interstellar sources. This work also demonstrates the capabilities of the FTM/mmW spectrometer at 61 GHz.
Nanoparticle-Facilitated Membrane Depolarization-Induced Receptor Activation: Implications on Cellular Uptake and Drug Delivery.

Cell-specific uptake of drug delivery systems (DDSs) are crucial to achieve optimal efficacy of many drugs. Widely employed strategies to facilitate targeted intracellular drug delivery involves attachment of targeting ligands (peptides or antibodies) to DDSs. Target receptors mutations can limit the effectiveness of this approach. Herein, we demonstrate, through in vitro inhibitory and drug delivery studies, that graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), water dispersed with the amphiphilic polymer called PEG-DSPE ((1, 2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N [amino (polyethylene glycol)]) (induce membrane depolarization-mediated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation. This phenomenon is ligand-independent and EGFR activation occurs via influx of Ca2+ ions from the extracellular space. We further provide evidence, through in vivo studies, that this mechanism could be exploited to facilitate efficacious drug delivery into tumors that overexpress EGFR. The results suggest that transient membrane depo...
Inferring read and write operations of solid-state drives based on energy consumption

The demand for Solid-State drives (SSDs) has risen as their speed, size, and architecture have improved. SSDs introduce a security risk because they contain a separate processor to optimize the SSD's lifespan. The lack of transparency of the operations conducted by this onboard processor creates a challenge to users, particularly in digital forensics settings. This paper utilizes non-destructive voltage measurement techniques to monitor the occurrence of read and write operations on an SSD. An automated cross-drive, cross-operating system classifier is presented which is capable of correctly identifying both read and write operations with up to 100 percent accuracy across four different experimental configurations.
Engaging with Diversity: How Positive and Negative Diversity Interactions Influence Students' Cognitive Outcomes.

ABSTRACTAlthough a growing body of research has demonstrated the value of interacting with diverse peers, a number of questions remain about the relationship between the quality of students’ diversity interactions and their cognitive development. In a longitudinal study following 3 cohorts of students from entry into college through the end of their 4th year, we examined how students’ positive and negative diversity interactions were related to 2 different outcomes: need for cognition and critical thinking skills. The results indicated that negative diversity interactions were strongly related to both outcomes, and that was the case for students of color and their white peers. Positive diversity interactions, on the other hand, were related to students’ need for cognition but not their critical thinking skills, and these interactions disproportionately benefitted white students. We conclude by considering the implications for understanding students’ cognitive development and implementing policies and prac...
What Is a Good School

At the very least, school should be a place where children are not treated as though they are data or numbers in someone else’s policy war, or as only “future” members of society as though their present experience is not important in and of itself. Then we need to also think about our “purposes” for insisting that young people spend so many involuntary hours—during their vibrant and restless youths—inside schools that hardly models of “the good life,” not to mention why we spend so much public funds on these schools. Of course, we might wonder also why those with the money to do so spend two to four times as much on the education of their own children. The best NYC independent schools now cost nearly $40,000 a year—almost the same as Harvard and Princeton and easily two to three times what is spent on NYC public schools, not to mention what rich families pay for “after school” education, both formal and informal. In our rush to “close the achievement gap,” we spend a substantial portion of the 30 h a week inside school classrooms prepping them for tests—which are these days the measure of achievement—as though the “haves” will not be sure to give their young the real thing and then, on the side provide explicit one-on-one tutoring for tests at hundreds of dollars an hour. All things being equal, the “gap” will remain and the real gap in terms of a good education will grow ever wider.
Preoperative Tracheostomy Is Associated with Poor Disease-Free Survival in Recurrent Laryngeal Cancer:

Objectives It is unknown if preoperative tracheostomy for persistent/recurrent laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) plays a role in unrecognized local disease spread and disease recurrence after salvage laryngectomy. The goals of this study were to determine the effect of preoperative tracheostomy on disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with recurrent/persistent LSCC undergoing salvage laryngectomy. Study Design Retrospective case series derived from prospectively maintained database. Setting Tertiary care academic center. Subjects Patients with recurrent/persistent LSCC after radiation/chemoradiation (RT/CRT) who underwent salvage laryngectomy at the University of Michigan from 1997 to 2015. Methods Demographic, clinical, pathologic, and survival data were collected. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were performed. Results DFS was worse for patients with tracheostomy prior to laryngectomy than patients without a tracheostomy (5 year: 39% vs 67%; P < .001). Patients with tracheostomy prior to RT/CRT compared to patients with tracheostomy after RT/CRT or patients without a tracheostomy had worse DFS (5-year: 25%, 49%, and 67%, respectively; P < .001). In bivariable analyses controlling for T classification, N classification, or overall stage, preoperative tracheostomy was associated with worse DFS. In multivariable analysis, presence of a preoperative tracheostomy had a worse DFS (hazard ratio, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-2.67; P = .048). Conclusion Preoperative tracheostomy is associated with disease recurrence in patients with persistent/recurrent LSCC undergoing salvage laryngectomy, particularly in patients who had tracheostomy prior to completion of initial RT/CRT. Notably, preoperative tracheostomy as a causal factor vs marker for disease recurrence is difficult to ascertain. Nevertheless, clinicians should be aware of the increased risk of locoregional recurrence in patients with preoperative tracheostomy when counseling on surgical salvage and when considering the role of additional therapy.
In Praise of Margaret Howard

One in a series of essays celebrating the scholarship of (and personality of) Professor Margaret Howard.
Atlantic Thinking in Jane Austen’s Novels

Understood in its historical moment, Austen’s fiction can be seen as a reflection on two key aspects of British national identity in a period of historical transformation: England’s strong maritime presence in the Atlantic world and a cultural imaginary based in landed estates. While the interpretation of Mansfield Park has rightly drawn attention to the significance of plantation estates for her fiction, this novel does not exhaust Austen’s Atlanticism. This chapter argues that Austen’s Persuasion articulates a picture of mobility associated with naval life (meritocracy, mapping, ethical individualism), rather than with the culture of the plantation or the landed estate. As a kind of psychological corollary to the British navy’s meritocratic culture, Austen valorizes the fluidity of mind that survives the exigencies of fortune and even profits from them. Seeing Nelson rather than Napoleon, Trafalgar rather than Waterloo, as her ethical model, Austen’s novel is a lesson in engaging with otherness—that is to say, in engaging Atlantically with the world.
A Silicon / Tungsten Electromagnetic Calorimeter with Integrated Electronics

We discuss progress and issues relevant to the design of a highly segmented silicontungsten electromagnetic calorimeter. Our design features a complete readout chip which is integrated onto each detector wafer, thus reducing the effective channel count by a factor of about 1000. We apply this design to the SD detector of the American LC Physics Group, but some elements could be applicable elsewhere.
Abstract 145: PIK3CB inhibitors selectively block the survival of glioblastoma cells

Objective: To explore the divergent role of PI3K isoforms in glioblastoma Background: Glioblastoma multiforme is the most malignant brain tumor in adults. Despite aggressive treatments, the median survival and five-year overall survival of glioblastoma patients remains low (14.6 months and 4.7%, respectively). Nearly 90% of patients experience recurrence within two years, leaving patients with few treatment options. Recently, PI3K pan inhibitors have been used to treat recurrent glioblastoma and achieved modest effect in the clinic. PI3K has four catalytic isoforms (PIK3CA, B, D, and G); hence, it is possible that these isoforms may have different roles in glioblastoma and need to be selectively targeted. This idea is further supported by our recent results, in which we have shown that elevated expression of PIK3CB, but not other PI3K isoforms, significantly correlated with higher rate, risk, and poor prognosis of recurrent glioblastomas. Hence, we hypothesize that PIK3CB-selective inhibitors are more effective for glioblastoma. Design/Methods: We used a panel of glioblastoma cells with different levels of PIK3CB, treated them with PI3K-isoform-selective inhibitors, and compared them to pan PI3K inhibitors. We measured cell viability using the MTS cell viability assay. Normal human astrocytes were used as controls to determine toxicity. Results: We found that PIK3CB inhibitors TGX-221 and GSK2636771 significantly blocked the proliferation of PIK3CB-high U87MG and SF295 cells, while it had no effect on the viability of PIK3CB-low A172 and LN229 cells. In contrast, other PI3K inhibitors and pan inhibitors either non-selectively blocked or had no effect on these cells. Importantly, these compounds, but not PIK3CB inhibitors, blocked the growth of astrocytes. Conclusions: Selective blockade of PIK3CB, but not other PI3K isoforms, is an effective therapy for glioblastoma with a low toxicity to normal tissues. Citation Format: Lamvy Le, Zhi Sheng. PIK3CB inhibitors selectively block the survival of glioblastoma cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 145. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-145
Evolving standards of care for resected pancreatic cancer.

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is a devastating illness, and surgical resection offers the only chance of a cure for patients with the disease. Relatively few patients have resectable disease at diagnosis, however, and the cancer frequently recurs even after complete surgical resection. This review discusses clinical trials in which adjuvant therapy with chemotherapy or chemoradiation has prolonged survival in patients following surgery. It also highlights new data from the ESPAC-4 and JASPAC 01 studies that may change the current treatment paradigm for adjuvant therapy. The ESPAC-4 results support the use of adjuvant gemcitabine plus capecitabine in preference to the previous standard of gemcitabine alone, demonstrating that in this instance, more may be better. Finally, the review discusses ongoing trials and new approaches that aim to improve outcomes further for patients with resectable pancreatic cancer.
Is there a path from cuprates towards room-temperature superconductivity?

A brief account is presented of an extensive experiment performed at Brookhaven National Laboratory, aimed at understanding the nature of high-temperature superconductivity in cuprates. Over the course of the last 12 years, over 2000 films of the prototypical high- $$T_\mathrm{c}$$ superconductor, $$\hbox {La}_{2-{x}}\hbox {Sr}_{{x}}\hbox {CuO}_{4}$$ , have been synthesized using atomic-layer-by-layer molecular beam epitaxy (ALL-MBE), characterized by a range of techniques, and patterned into devices. These were used to measure accurately the key physical parameters in both the superconducting and the normal states, and establish their precise dependence on doping, temperature, and external fields. The results bring in some great surprises, challenge the commonly held beliefs, rule out many theoretical models, and point to a new path for raising $$T_\mathrm{c}$$ even further.
A Survey of Patient Care Handoff and Sign-Out Practices Among Podiatric Surgical Residency Programs

Background: A patient “handoff,” or the “sign-out” process, is an episode during which the responsibility of a patient transitions from one health-care provider to another. These are important events that affect patient safety, particularly because a significant proportion of adverse events have been associated with a relative lack of physician communication. The objective of this investigation was to survey podiatric surgical residency programs with respect to patient care handoff and sign-out practices. Methods: A survey was initially developed and subsequently administered to the chief residents of 40 Council on Podiatric Medical Education–approved podiatric surgical residency programs attempting to elucidate patient care handoff protocols and procedures and on-call practices. Results: Although it was most common for patient care handoffs to occur in person (60.0%), programs also reported that handoffs regularly occurred by telephone (52.5%) and with no direct personal communication whatsoever other th...
Degradation Kinetics by MAO of PEA Derivatives. A Model for the Molecular Basis of their Analgesic and Behavioral Effects

The classical endogenous noncatecholic phenylethylamines, phenylethylamine (PEA), phenylethanolamine, p-tyramine and p-octopamine appear to be involved in peripheral and central nervous system synaptic transmission mechanisms (1,2). The physiological and pharmacological actions of PEA appear of particular importance as alterations in the metabolism of this amine has been postulated to contribute to the pathophysiology of a number of neuropsychiatric disorders (3–7), migraine (8,9) and diabetes (10). In order to better understand the molecular basis of PEA actions we have examined the relationship between the chemical structure, the analgesic activity and kinetic parameters of degradation by monoamine oxidase (MAO) of a series of monosubstituted derivatives of PEA.
Palliative Care in Cardiac Electrophysiology

Rapid advances in the field of cardiac electrophysiology have led to the therapies that offer the opportunity of increased survival, as well as improved quality of life. As a result, palliative care issues are becoming increasing common in patients with cardiac rhythm disturbances. Knowledge of the available therapies and their indications can aid in palliative care decisions in selected patients.
A Comprehensive Performance Evaluation of OpenSHMEM Libraries on InfiniBand Clusters

OpenSHMEM is an open standard that brings together several long-standing, vendor-specific SHMEM implementations that allows applications to use SHMEM in a platform-independent fashion. Several implementations of OpenSHMEM have become available on clusters interconnected by InfiniBand networks, which has gradually become the de facto high performance network interconnect standard. In this paper, we present a detailed comparison and analysis of the performance of different OpenSHMEM implementations, using micro-benchmarks and application kernels. This study, done on TACC Stampede system using up to 4,096 cores, provides a useful guide for application developers to understand and contrast various implementations and to select the one that works best for their applications.
Cyclic nucleotide modulation of herpes simplex virus latency and reactivation

Clinical observations and experimental studies suggested that the relative proportions of ganglionic neuronal intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (c-AMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (c-GMP) concentrations may influence the state or activity of herpes simplex viral DNA in its relationship with the host cell DNA. We studied the effects of putative modulators of intracellular cyclic nucleotide levels on herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivation from latency in murine trigeminal ganglion cells. We also investigated the effects of these same mediators on the c-GMP and/or c-AMP concentrations in HSV-latently infected trigeminal ganglion cells and in acyclovir-suppressed, HSVinfected neuroblastoma cells. Cholera toxin and theophylline increased c-AMP levels (2-fold and 5-fold at 1 min and 30 sec, respectively for cholera toxin and 2-fold and 1.5-fold at 1 min and 30 sec for theophylline) and enhanced the rapidity of HSV reactivation from latency (P < 0.005). Exogenous dibutyryl c-AMP also stimulated viral reactivation (P < 0.005). Carbamylcholine increased c-GMP levels (7-fold and 6-fold at 15 sec and 30 sec, respectively), produced no significant change in c-AMP levels, and delayed HSV reactivation from latency (P < 0.005). None of these mediators had a demonstrable effect on HSV replication. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 30:2154-2159,1989 Recurrent herpetic keratitis remains a major cause of corneal blindness in developed countries. 1 Following primary infection with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), the viral DNA persists within the neurons of sensory ganglia in a special relationship, the exact molecular details of which are incompletely understood. 2 " 4 These "latently" infected ganglia, including the sensory neurons for the eye, have been shown to harbor HSV DNA even in individuals who had no history of herpes eye infection. A substantial body of evidence suggests that latent HSV infections may become manifest periodically; corneal scarring results primarily from reactivation of latent viral DNA, viral assembly and replication, and reestablishment of a productive infection within the cornea, with the attendant host inflammatory response. Current therapy and experimental attempts to develop new antiviral agents have proven incapable of eradicating latent viral DNA from its host. 5 " 9 An al
Theoretical Foundations for Social Justice Education

This chapter contextualizes the approach to oppression and social justice taken throughout this book. It provides a framework for readers who approach oppression and social justice from other positions to see what approaches we share, and where we differ. Our intention is to foster a broad and continuing dialogue among the many people who struggle, as we do, to find more effective ways to challenge oppressive systems and promote social justice through education.
Heterogeneous distribution of water in the mantle transition zone inferred from wavefield imaging

Abstract The amount of water in the Earth's deep mantle is critical for the evolution of the Earth. Mineral physics studies revealed that the mantle transition zone can store several times the volume of water in an ocean. However, the actual water distribution in the transition zone remains enigmatic. We used the highest resolution images produced of scatterers in the North-American transition zone derived from teleseismic data recorded by the Earthscope Transportable Array. We find that the transition zone is filled with previously unrecognized small-scale heterogeneities that produce pervasive, negative polarity signals. Simulations demonstrated the images can be explained by low-velocity bodies shaped as distributed blobs or near vertical structures. We suggest these low-velocity bodies may be heterogeneously distributed, water-enriched subducted harzburgites produced through long-term accumulation.
May we forever stand: reflections on culture, community and Maroonage

This article presents the work and reflections of two researchers who are searching for models that work for Black children and communities. The present study focuses on their work with the Maroons...
Systematic Review of Tendon Transfer Versus Nerve Transfer for the Restoration of Wrist Extension in Isolated Traumatic Radial Nerve Palsy.

Purpose To compare the outcomes of tendon transfer and nerve transfer for radial nerve palsy. Methods We performed a systematic review of the literature in EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane Database to include studies that address persistent traumatic radial nerve palsy treated with tendon transfer or nerve transfer surgery. Results We identified 2,044 citations; 1,512 texts were excluded because of content, and 96 texts were screened for eligibility. Texts were excluded if they did not report the motor score (M0 to M5 as determined by the British Medical Research Council) or measurements of range of motion of the wrist. Sixteen texts were eligible for qualitative synthesis. Outcomes of these studies show heterogeneity with regard to the technique and functional restoration. Conclusions On the basis of the results of this systematic review, there does not seem to be a clearly superior technique; rather, there are advantages and disadvantages to each. Patient selection and surgeon experience are important when considering surgical interventions in this challenging clinical scenario. Nerve transfer surgery is an emerging technique that may offer patients meaningful functional gains with reduced donor site morbidity. Level of evidence Level III.
Market sensitivity of solar–fossil hybrid electricity generation to price, efficiency, policy, and fuel projections

Ideally, new electricity-generating units will have low capital costs, low fuel costs, minimal environmental impacts, and satisfy demand without concerns of intermittency. When expanding generating capacity, candidate technologies can be evaluated against criteria such as these. Alternatively, it may be possible to pair technologies in such a way that the combination addresses these criteria better than either technology individually. One such approach is to pair concentrated solar power and natural gas combined cycle units. This paper analyzes how an integrated solar combined cycle (ISCC) facility could fare in the larger US electricity production market, although the results are generalizable to a wider range of technologies. Modeling results suggest that a critical consideration is the extent to which ISCC qualifies as being renewable under state-level renewable portfolio standards (RPSs). The technology would be utilized at a higher level if it fully satisfies an RPS; however, even if the technology does not satisfy an RPS, it would be market-competitive if optimistic goals for capital cost and avoided natural gas purchases are met. Furthermore, if used in parts of the country with strong solar resources, ISCC could produce as much as 14% of national electricity generation in 2050. Whether adoption of ISCC leads to reduced air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions is dependent on the technologies, it displaces. Under default assumptions, the new ISCC capacity primarily displaces renewable and natural gas facilities as opposed to facilities with higher air-pollutant emissions. Thus, the air pollution benefits of ISCC may be limited.
Grazing-incidence X-ray scattering of lamellar thin films

Recently, surface and thin-film studies using area detectors have become prevalent. An important class of such systems are lamellar thin films formed by small molecules, liquid crystals or semicrystalline polymers. Frequently, the lamellae align more or less parallel to the substrate. Such structures can be easily discerned by their characteristic X-ray scattering close to the incident plane. This paper describes how such patterns can be simulated, in order to extract morphological information about the thin film.
Transport of liquid and supercritical CO2 and selected organic solvents through surface modified mesoporous γ-alumina and titania membranes

The permeation of liquid and supercritical CO2 and the organic solvents toluene, heptane, and 1-propanol were investigated in unmodified hydrophilic and modified hydrophobic mesoporous γ-alumina an...
Optimizing Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate to Support Adult to Pediatric Pharmacokinetic Bridging Studies in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis.

The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is often used to model drug clearance (CL) and scale doses across age and body size. Over their lifetime, patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) receive repeated courses of tobramycin, an antibiotic with eGFR-dependent CL, for the treatment of pulmonary exacerbations. Tobramycin population pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling can be used to decipher the best approach to define eGFR for pediatric bridging studies. Inpatients with CF who received intravenous tobramycin between 1 January 2006 and 30 May 2018 were eligible for inclusion. Encounters without tobramycin concentration measurement or missing covariate data were excluded. Population PK analysis was performed using NONMEM.Covariate models were built following identification of the base model, with specific emphasis on the effect of different methods of estimating renal function as a covariate of tobramycin CL. A total of 296 CF patients contributed 1029 care encounters (420 pediatric, 609 adult) and 4352 tobramycin concentrations to this analysis. The median (minimum, maximum) age at encounter was 19 years (0.2, 60), with serum creatinine of 0.60 mg/dL (0.10, 3.41). A two-compartment model best described the observed data, with height and eGFR as significant covariates of tobramycin CL. eGFR was best modeled using a combination of the modified Schwartz and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKDEPI) equations expressed in absolute units. The CKDEPI equation bridges PK data generated in adults to adolescents with CF better than the current regulatory standard. The eGFR should be expressed in absolute units (mL/min) for PK analyses.
Finsta: Creating "Fake" Spaces for Authentic Performance

Finsta is a "fake" Instagram account that some people maintain in addition to their real Instagram account (rinsta) for a more authentic performance. We draw on Goffman's theatrical metaphor and use a mixed-methods approach to explore how and why people do the work of performing their identity across these distinct presentations of the self. We found that finsta users deliberately partition their audience and mostly maintain a small audience of close friends to avoid context collapse. Additionally, we discovered that finsta is a space where distinct norms shape performance: humor, authenticity, and "unfiltered'' self-expression. Given that finsta users are mostly teenagers and young adults, we ask how an expectation for authentic performance by peers might itself increase pressure on users.
Dimensionally adaptive techniques for computationally efficient discrete transfer radiation calculations

Abstract The use of long slender cylindrical pressure vessels and rotationally periodic burners in Pressurized Oxy-Coal (POC) furnaces leads to physical behavior that is 3D periodic near the burner, but which transition to axisymmetric towards the outlet. A fully 3D model would consume unneeded resources, and an axisymmetric model would fail to capture periodic features of the near burner region, such as recirculation zones. The present work therefore seeks to demonstrate the ability of a dimensionally adaptive mesh (i.e. one that transitions from 3D to axisymmetric and, when applicable, 1D) to improve computational speed while still accurately calculating heat flux. The Discrete Transfer Method (DTM) was used to solve the Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE) on both a fully 3D mesh and a dimensionally adaptive mesh. Three techniques were tested for calculating heat transfer across the boundary between 3D and axisymmetric regions. The Single Unweighted Ray (SUR) method uses a single ray to represent the radiative exchange between 3D bounding faces and axisymmetric ring elements. The Multiple Unweighted Ray (MUR) method subdivides the axisymmetric face into a number of sub-faces, with a ray connecting each sub-face with the 3D face, and tracks radiative intensity along each ray. Finally, the Single Weighted Ray (SWR) method tracks intensity along a single ray, with radiative properties averaged from multiple points along several paths. Flux results were compared between the four approaches. The SUR, MUR, and SWR methods agreed with the fully 3D calculations within median percent differences of less than 1%.
First-year college students’ alcohol and hookup behaviours: sexual scripting and implications for sexual health promotion

This study used a sexual scripting framework to analyse data from the Online College Social Life Survey to examine the role of individual, (e.g. gender, race and alcohol use), relational (partner type, condom use behaviours), and contextual factors (sex ratios and fraternity/sorority affiliation) influencing 4,292 first-year college students' hookup experiences. Results suggest that hookups are relatively "safe", with the the majority involving non-penetrative sexual behaviour, condom use, and familiar partners. However, alcohol use affected hookup behaviours and lower levels of condom use were associated with heavy alcohol use, even with less well known partners. Findings point to the importance of interventions that reinforce first-year students' positive behaviours and present them with protective behavioural strategies to use in the context of alcohol, and with repeat or well-known partners to reduce risk and have enjoyable, consensual sexual experiences.
The Chain of Representation: Preferences, Institutions, and Policy across Presidential Systems

How do formal institutions affect the extent to which democracies adopt policies that reflect the preferences of their citizens? Based on a chain of representation model in which electoral rules and policy-making powers link citizens, politicians, and policies, this book reveals the conditions under which citizen preferences and implemented policies diverge. Comparative quantitative analyses encompassing eighteen Latin American countries show that presidential democracies vary greatly in the degree to which they demonstrate responsiveness to their electorates. Often, individual presidents with strong legislative powers have prompted policy changes that are unrepresentative of voter preferences. Other times, their interactions with legislatures result in more representative policies. Grounded in clear theory and thorough empirics, this study shows how rules can introduce dissonance between voters and politicians, but also how they can potentially reduce it. This is an excellent resource for scholars and graduate students interested in comparative politics, institutional design, economic policy, and Latin American studies.
A generative adversarial network for artifact removal in photoacoustic computed tomography with a linear-array transducer.

With balanced spatial resolution, penetration depth, and imaging speed, photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) is promising for clinical translation such as in breast cancer screening, functional...
Quality estimation of magnetotelluric impedance tensors using neural networks

Abstract While much of the workflow for geophysical data processing and analysis is automated, final quality assurance typically requires the decisions of skilled human analysts and interpreters. T...
Faster motion correction of clinical contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging using deep learning

Motion artifacts affect the quantification accuracy of the tumor angiogenic network measurements from clinical contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) images. Reliable motion correction methods can improve image alignments but suffer from long computation times and large memory demands. This research project aims to reduce the time and memory needed for motion correction of clinical images from patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). First, B-mode ultrasound (US) images were acquired using a clinical scanner from 36 patients and processed using a conventional two-stage motion correction strategy. Two channel input data consisting of static and moving B-mode US images were prepared as the training data (N = 200 for each patient). Transformation functions derived from the conventional method for affine and non-rigid motion corrections were used as labels to train a deep learning model (encoder-decoder network). After model training, the performance was evaluated using a normalized correlation coefficient (CC) between the reference and moving images. Finally, the time needed for applying motion correction using the traditional method was compared to the prediction time from the deep learning model. On average the CC results were increased by 20% when compared to the data contaminated with motion. Importantly, the time needed to predict a single patch was 0.20 ± 0.004 sec instead of the 3.65 ± 0.25 sec, which was needed to perform motion correction in CEUS images using a more conventional method (p = 0.001).
Damped Lyman-α absorbers from Sloan digital sky survey DR16Q with Gaussian processes

ABSTRACT We present a new catalogue of Damped Lyman-α absorbers from SDSS DR16Q, as well as new estimates of their statistical properties. Our estimates are computed with the Gaussian process models presented in Garnett et al., Ho, Bird & Garnett with an improved model for marginalizing uncertainty in the mean optical depth of each quasar. We compute the column density distribution function (CDDF) at 2 4. Our results for DLA line density and total hydrogen density are consistent with previous measurements. Despite a small bias due to the poorly measured blue edges of the spectra, we demonstrate that our new model can measure the DLA population statistics when the DLA is in the Lyman-β forest region. We verify our results are not sensitive to the signal-to-noise ratios and redshifts of the background quasars although a residual correlation remains for detections from zQSO < 2.5, indicating some residual systematics when applying our models on very short spectra, where the SDSS spectral observing window only covers part of the Lyman-α forest.
A Single Virtual Consult Reduces Severe Hyperglycemia in Patients Admitted with COVID19 Infection

Diabetes and hyperglycemia are risk factors for morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID19. Subspecialty consultative resources to help front-line clinicians treat these conditions is often limited. We implemented a “Virtual Hyperglycemia Surveillance Service (VHSS)” to guide glucose management in COVID19 patients admitted to our 1541-bed academic medical center.
Quantifying the impact of driving style changes on light-duty vehicle fuel consumption

Abstract Modifying driving styles can help to reduce the energy use and emissions of driving without requiring changes to infrastructure or vehicle technology. Here, we evaluate the energy consumption and duration of trips before and after driving style changes. These modifications are made using emissions-friendly driving style heuristics that are easily implementable by drivers and do not require real-time feedback or on-board diagnostics. We use a data-driven approach to apply these heuristics to a representative baseline of U.S. drive cycles. The simulated driving-style improvements provide an average fuel savings per trip of 6%, alongside a 1.5% increase in trip duration. Decelerating early and reducing highway speeds can each contribute substantially to fuel savings. Accelerating more gradually contributes less. The percentage fuel savings are relatively consistent across locations and vehicle classes. These findings can inform several decision-makers, including drivers aiming to reduce fuel consumption, car manufacturers or software developers designing driving style feedback, and policy makers examining emissions savings opportunities.
Channel Protein Engineering

Transfer of information in the brain is mediated by the activity of ion-channel proteins. For several decades, these transducers were characterized by electrophysiological and biophysical techniques (for review see Hille, 1984).
Stimulation of Zearalenone Production in Rice Cultures of Fusarium Semitectum by Addition of Zearalenone and α-and β-Zearalenol

Zearalenone is an estrogen produced by several species of Fusarium on corn and other cereal grains (Caldwell and Tuite, 1974; Gross and Robb, 1975; Bottalico, 1979). Its presence in animal feeds and subsequent consumption have been associated with hyperestrogenism and other reproductive disorders in swine (Miller et al., 1973), poultry (Meronuck et al., 1970; Allen et al., 1981a,b) and cattle (Mirocha et al., 1968). Zearalenol, which is produced in its two epimeric forms as a metabolic precursor of zearalenone by certain species of Fusarium exhibits estrogenic activity (Peters, 1972; Mirocha et al., 1978; Bottalico et al., 1985; Richardson et al., 1985). α-Zearalenol has three to four times as much estrogenic activity as zearalenone while β-zearalenol has about the same or slightly less estrogenicity as zearalenone (Peters, 1972; Mirocha et al., 1978; Hagler et al., 1979). Zearalenone and zearalenol also have some anabolic activity that is useful in animal nutrition (Hidy et al., 1977).
Jamming with social media: how cognitive structuring of organizing vision facets affects it innovation diffusion

Organizing vision theory is an institutional alternative to the economic-rationality view of IT innovation diffusion. Institutional theorists have called for more attention to cognitive processes and structures in order to understand institutional mechanisms. Our objective was to unpack the cognitive structure of an organizing vision to understand its role in the diffusion of IT innovations. We focus on the know-why component of organizing visions and on social media as an IT innovation. In a two-stage study, Stage I leveraged schema theory, the "orders of worth" framework's six justificatory principles, and relational class analysis to discover the hierarchical structure of the social media organizing vision. This resulted in a view of the organizing vision as comprised of four schemas, which we conceptualized as visions-in-use, and ten nested business use cases, each comprised of different combinations of the six principles. Based on this understanding, Stage II explored how community appropriations of visions-in-use and business use cases from the repertoire provided by an organizing vision shape four facets of an organizing vision--coherence, continuity, clarity, and diversity--and how these facets influence diffusion of the IT innovation. We found that the two vision facets we surfaced-- clarity and diversity--are essential to understanding diffusion and how and why coherence and continuity matter to diffusion. Much as the "vision" of a musical jam session emerges from players' multivocal performances, an organizing vision emerges from community members' multivocal discourse about an IT innovation. Just as a jam session depends on a structure of rules and individual player creativity, diffusion of an IT innovation depends on an organizing vision that offers prospective adopters a well-defined repertoire of moves to choose from, yet affords them the freedom to improvise.
Impacting resilience and persistence in underrepresented populations through service-learning

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to share the research on the use of service-learning pedagogy as a strategy to promote engaged learning that positively impacts resilience. It purports that although often overlooked as a teaching and learning strategy, service-learning offers a viable method for supporting persistence and resiliency in largely minority population. Design/methodology/approach – The research utilizes data from both quantitative and qualitative measures (surveys/questionnaires and open ended responses collected from focus groups). The data were collected over 15 months from undergraduate students who represent 5 different content areas (nursing, public health, psychology, nutrition and physical education). Findings – The data revealed that students positively favor service-learning pedagogy and value the tenets of civic responsibility and social justice. These outcomes contribute to a positive impact on persistence and resiliency. Research limitations/implications – This research highl...
Transparency, expression, and self-knowledge

Contemporary discussions of self-knowledge share a presupposition to the effect that the only way to vindicate so-called first-person authority as understood by our folk-psychology is to identify specific “good-making” epistemic features that render our self-ascriptions of mental states (‘avowals’) especially knowledgeable. In earlier work, I rejected this presupposition. I proposed that we separate two questions:(i) How is first-person authority to be explained?(ii) What renders avowals instances of a privileged kind of knowledge?In response to question (i), I offered a neo-expressivist account that, I argued, is compatible with a variety of non-deflationary, substantive answers to question (ii). Here I re-evaluate the relative merits of the neo-expressivist account in light of some recent attempts to capture first-person authority by appealing to the so-called transparency of mental self-attributions. I then canvass two recent appeals to transparency that give priority to question (ii). Bearing in mind ...
Psychological Perspectives: Cognition and Decision Making

In this chapter from the forthcoming edited volume entitled, EXAMINING WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS: STEPPING BACK, MOVING FORWARD, we offer an overview of what social and cognitive psychological research can tell us about how people make decisions about investigating, prosecuting, and adjudicating criminal cases. In particular, we examine the factors that can undermine the reliability of the judgments made at each of these stages of the criminal process, and how these phenomena might contribute to wrongful convictions. An impressive body of research exists demonstrating how the ways in which people process and use information can produce errors in the criminal justice system. This research has also taught us a lot about how to improve the accuracy of the system.
The Modulation of Corticoaccumbens Transmission by Limbic Afferents and Dopamine: A Model for the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia

Publisher Summary The prefrontal cortex (PFC) throughput in the accumbens is dependent on two systems: it is gated by depolarizations arising from the hippocampal input, and it is attenuated by dopamine (DA) acting presynaptically on PFC terminals and on accumbens neurons by decreasing excitability. Systemic administration of DA agonists also appears to interfere with PFC transmission in another manner-by affecting the transitions to the depolarized state. The chapter shows that systemic administration of D1 and D2 DA agonists causes a decrease in the frequency of transitions to the depolarized state in bistable neurons. Furthermore, systemic administration of the psychotomimetic phenycyclidine (PCP) also causes a potent suppression of the bistable state. As the primary action of these drugs is a slowing of the frequency of the bistable state rather than a decrease in its amplitude, these drugs are most likely acting directly or indirectly on the hippocampus. Therefore, administration of DA agonists and PCP or damage to the hippocampus has a similar impact in the accumbens. The ability of the hippocampus to gate the PFC has implications of relevance to schizophrenia. It has been suggested that a deficit in hippocampal function may be involved in the etiology of schizophrenia. In addition, afferents from the amygdala to the nucleus accumbens also appear to exert a unique modulatory influence over the PFC inputs. During in vivo intracellular recording, stimulation of the amygdala evoked a long-latency depolarization of the membrane of accumbens neurons. Therefore, the amygdala appears to exert a narrow, time-locked facilitation that may be selective for specific stimuli. These systems are likely to exert both a context-dependent (hippocampal) and affect-selective (amygdalar) gating of PFC throughput in the accumbens.
Monocrystal elastic constants of orthotropic Y1Ba2Cu3O7: An estimate

For Y1Ba2Cu3O7, using only reported monocrystal measurements and some analysis–theory, we estimated the complete nine-component orthotropic-symmetry elastic-stiffness matrix, the Voigt Cij matrix. Comparison with very-high-frequency tetragonal-symmetry phonon-dispersion results shows good agreement (9% on average), except for C12.