cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4502: The small molecule TIC10 has potent anticancer efficacy mediated by induction of TRAIL production in normal and tumor cells

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL TRAIL is an attractive anti-neoplastic agent due to its minimal toxicity and its potent ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Clinical trials with intravenous administration of recombinant human TRAIL in cancer patients have been limited by the short serum half-life of TRAIL and molecular resistance mechanisms including loss of cell surface death receptor expression and/or pro-survival expression changes in proteins that regulate apoptosis such as Mcl-1. Although TRAIL death receptor-targeted agonistic antibodies have an increased half-life, they act on one of the two pro-apoptotic TRAIL receptors DR4 (TRAIL-R1) or DR5 (TRAIL-R2). In order to pharmacologically increase tumor and host TRAIL production as a novel anti-neoplastic mechanism, to improve the pharmacokinetic properties of TRAIL by increasing its effective half-life, and perhaps its local concentration within the tumor microenvironment, we screened for small molecules capable of inducing the endogenous TRAIL gene. A cell-based bioluminescence reporter screen was conducted in TRAIL-resistant Bax-null human HCT116 colon cancer cells using the TRAIL gene promoter yielded TRAIL-inducing compound 10 (TIC10). TIC10 induces TRAIL at the message, membrane-bound, and soluble levels in a time- and dose-dependent manner in TRAIL-sensitive and TRAIL-resistant human cancer cell lines as well as normal human fibroblasts without any effect on cell cycle profile. TIC10 induces cell death in a number of cancer cell lines without evidence of cell cycle arrest, a characteristic of HDAC inhibitors that are the only other pharmacological agent currently shown to upregulate TRAIL. Lack of structural homology with HDAC inhibitors along with this observation suggest a novel mechanism of TRAIL-upregulation. Western blot analysis revealed that TIC10 sensitizes to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis by tumor cell-specific upregulation of DR5 and downregulation of Mcl-1. Human xenograft experiments demonstrate that TIC10 is highly effective as a multi- or single-dose agent with similar efficacy to TRAIL in TRAIL-sensitive xenografts. Some TRAIL-resistant xenografts such as RKO demonstrate TIC10 superiority to TRAIL with no incidence of toxicity. TIC10 causes highly increased protein levels of TRAIL and cleaved caspase-8, increased TUNEL staining indicating apoptosis, in addition to striking decrease in tumor cell density by histology in tumors of human xenografts in mice. Mice lacking tumors demonstrate an upregulation of TRAIL protein levels in serum. The effect of TIC10 on normal cell production of TRAIL provides a novel mechanism for killing tumor cells through a bystander effect in the tumor microenvironment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4502. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4502
Freud: darkness and vision.

Abstract Freud's creation of psychoanalysis is the starting place for a great many forms of contemporary psychodynamic psychotherapy, despite the fact that his work is very much a mixture of brilliant insights and misconceptions. Here, I will attempt to describe both the valuable contributions and the wrong turns, and to show how both can be understood in terms of the traumas he suffered as a child, as well as his particular adaptations to them. A review of his treatment of a number of patients will illustrate this discussion.
Effect of excess endogenous androgens on bone density in young women.

To determine whether endogenous androgens influence bone density in young women, we studied 27 normal women and 19 women with androgen excess, as defined by increased serum bioavailable testosterone (bio T) concentrations. The women ranged from 21–48 yr of age. The 2 groups were comparable with respect to age, anthropomorphic measures, nutrition, gynecological history, and serum cortisol and estradiol levels. Trabecular (lumbar) and cortical (radial) bone density were quantitated by computerized tomography and single photon absorptiometry, respectively. Serum obtained during the follicular phase of the cycle was assayed for bio T, total T, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione (Adione), and 3α-androstanediol glucuronide (3-Adiol-G). Trabecular bone density was significantly higher in the androgen excess group [172 ± 7 (±se) vs. 153 ± 5 mg/mL; P = 0.03]; controlling for serum Adione (but not for serum bio T, total T, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, or 3α-androstanediol glucuronide, or 3-Adiol-G) ...
Association between hTERT rs2736100 polymorphism and sensitivity to anti-cancer agents.

Background: The rs2736100 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is located in the intron 2 of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have consistently supported the strong association between this SNP and risk for multiple cancers. Given the important role of the hTERT gene and this SNP in cancer biology, we hypothesize that rs2736100 may also confer susceptibility to anti-cancer drug sensitivity. In this study we aim to investigate the correlation between the rs2736100 genotype and the responsiveness to anti-cancer agents in the NCI-60 cancer cell panel. Methods and Materials: The hTERT rs2736100 was genotyped in the NCI-60 cancer cell lines. The relative telomere length of each cell line was quantified using real-time PCR. The genotype was then correlated with publically available drug sensitivity data of two agents with telomerase-inhibition activity: Geldanamycin (HSP90 inhibitor) and RHPS4/BRACO19 (G-quadruplex stabilizer) as well as additional 110 commonly used agents with established mechanism of action. The association between rs2736100 and mutation status of TP53 gene was also tested. Results: The C allele of the SNP was significantly correlated with increased sensitivity to RHPS4/BRACO19 with an additive effect (r=-0.35, p=0.009) but not with Geldanamycin. The same allele was also significantly associated with sensitivity to antimitotic agents compared to other agents (p=0.003). The highest correlation was observed between the SNP and paclitaxel (r=-0.36, p=0.005). The telomere length was neither associated with rs2736100 nor with sensitivity to anti-cancer agents. The C allele of rs2736100 was significantly associated with increased mutation rate in TP53 gene (p=0.004). Conclusion: Our data suggested that the cancer risk allele of hTERT rs2736100 polymorphism may also affect the cancer cell response to both TERT inhibitor and anti-mitotic agents, which might be attributed to the elevated tel
Genetics and behavior of a colonizing species: the invasive Argentine ant.

Abstract: Baker and Stebbins’s 1965 book The Genetics of Colonizing Species aimed to draw together scientists from a variety of disciplines to provide a conceptual framework for the study of species introductions. A goal of their volume was to examine how studies on biological invasions could be used to provide insight into basic research questions as well as to develop practical strategies for control. In this article, we attempt to follow the goals of Baker and Stebbins by reviewing work on the genetics and behavior of a widespread colonizing species, the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile). Specifically, we examine the evolutionary changes that have taken place as a result of this species being introduced into new environments and synthesize recent research on Argentine ants from the perspective of population genetics, recognition systems, and the mechanisms that may underlie their ecological success.
Customer Learning Orientation in Public Sector Organizations

Organizational learning and customer orientation have been a focus of research for a number of years in both marketing and management literature. Customer learning orientation is conceptualized as three important components: management customer orientation, customer feedback, and employee learning orientation. By drawing from both marketing and organizational research theories, the authors propose a model of customer learning orientation in a public sector organizational setting. Customer learning orientation is hypothesized to have a significant effect on employee attitudes of role ambiguity and self-efficacy, which in turn affects job outcomes of job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors. Using a sample of 438 employees of a public sector organization, the authors test the model through a structural equation modeling technique. The results provide general support for the model. Implications for managers of public sector organizations and future research are discussed.
A lectin receptor-like kinase is required for pollen development in Arabidopsis

Lectin receptor-like kinases (Lectin RLKs) are a large family of receptor-like kinases with an extracellular legume lectin-like domain. There are approximately 45 such receptor kinases in Arabidopsis thaliana. Surprisingly, although receptor-like kinases in general are well investigated in Arabidopsis, relatively little is known about the functions of members of the Lectin RLK family. A number of studies implicated members of this family in various functions, such as disease resistance, stress responses, hormone signaling, and legume–rhizobium symbiosis. Our current work demonstrated that mutation in one Lectin RLK gene led to male sterility in Arabidopsis. The sterility was due to defects in pollen development. Pollen development proceeded normally in the mutant until anther stage 8. After that, all pollen grains deformed and collapsed. Mature pollen grains were much smaller than wild-type pollen grains, glued together, and totally collapsed. Therefore, the mutant was named sgc, standing for small, glued-together, and collapsed pollen mutant. The mutant phenotype appeared to be caused by an unidentified sporophytic defect due to the mutation. As revealed by analysis of the promoter-GUS transgenic plants and the gene expression analysis using RT-PCR, the gene showed an interesting temporal and spatial expression pattern: it had no or a low expression in young flowers (roughly before anther stage 6), reached a maximum level around stages 6–7, and then declined gradually to a very low level in young siliques. No expression was detected in microspores or pollen. Together, our data demonstrated that SGC Lectin RLK plays a critical role in pollen development.
Interplay of wavelength, fluence and spot-size in free-electron laser ablation of cornea

Infrared free-electron lasers ablate tissue with high efficiency and low collateral damage when tuned to the 6-µm range. This wavelength-dependence has been hypothesized to arise from a multi-step process following differential absorption by tissue water and proteins. Here, we test this hypothesis at wavelengths for which cornea has matching overall absorption, but drastically different differential absorption. We measure etch depth, collateral damage and plume images and find that the hypothesis is not confirmed. We do find larger etch depths for larger spot sizes – an effect that can lead to an apparent wavelength dependence. Plume imaging at several wavelengths and spot sizes suggests that this effect is due to increased post-pulse ablation at larger spots.
Efficient Calculation of the Permutation Distribution of Trimmed Means

Abstract The permutation distribution of the trimmed mean in matched-pairs designs is studied. This statistic is important since it is robust to both outliers and distributional assumptions. A polynomial-time algorithm for this inherently exponential-time problem is presented. The characteristic function of the distribution provides both the basis for the algorithm and a vehicle for calculating the asymptotic permutation distribution.
Performance prediction of D-Strut isolation systems

ABSTRACT Dynamic models and simulation results are presented for DStrutTM isolators. The D-Strut is a passive spring-damperdevice with space flight heritage used for vibration isolation. Detailed models will be presented for both hydraulically andpneumatically damped D-Struts and the performance achieved by each will be compared. All of the models presented aresingle degree-of-freedom with a mass isolated from base motion by one isolator element. A simulation program was used toinvestigate the frequency domain and time domain dynamic response of the D-Strut models. The results are presented.Keywords: isolator, hydraulic, pneumatic, dynamic models, performance prediction, simulation, vibration SYMBOLOGY Hydraulic D-Strut Dynamic Models MPL Mass of payload KA Bellows spring constant without fluid KB Bellows spring constant due to fluid compression CA Equivalent fluid damping in orifice =C/(N0)2Mf Mass of fluid in orifice M Equivalent mass of fluid in orifice =Mf/(N0)2 C Fluiddamping in orifice
Enhancing Students’ Energy Engineering Skills by Embedding Topics in Homework Exercises

Experiences with including energy engineering topics embedded in homework assignments in a required course and an elective mechanical engineering course rather than in a dedicated and/or required energy engineering course are discussed. Examples of assignments containing energy engineering aspects from the two courses are presented and discussed. Salient energy engineering features of the examples are examined. The procedure is assessed as being an effective one to ensure that all mechanical engineering students at Mississippi State University have some exposure to energy engineering topics and concepts.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
High-resolution x-ray spectroscopy with the reflection grating spectrometer of Constellation-X

High resolution and signal to noise spectral observations of AGN outflows in the UV demonstrate the need for using covering factor models in calculating absorber column densities. We study the best X-ray data set of an AGN outflow, the Chandra 900 kilosecond observation of NGC 3783, for similar effects in the strongly saturated line series of NeX and OVII. Velocity-dependent covering factor generates much better fits to the OVII He-like series than full covering with the same amount of column. There is also evidence for covering factor in strong L-shell Fe lines. With the low resolution of the HETGS relative to absorption troughs, full covering and partial covering yield similar fits to the NeX Lyman series. Still, both models produce NeX column densities 5 times higher than previous analyses. We generate synthetic data for the future Con-X mission and compare to the Chandra 900 ks data. We calculate the necessary resolution and effective area to correctly identify covering factor models.
Readers' and listeners' use of Cohesive ties in processing relational meaning

Abstract The present study was designed to investigate the hypothesis of divergent processing between language that is read and language that is heard. Fifteen readers and fifteen listeners in third-, sixth-, and ninth-grades were asked to read or listen to sentence pairs and, then, to process relational meaning by selecting the most appropriate cohesive tie from among four choices. Divergence between reading and listening performances appeared with the most experienced readers in the study. A trend also appeared with the least experienced readers. The results cast doubt on the belief that the ability to decode causes convergent processing between language that is read and language that is heard. Listening superiority did not appear at any age/grade level. Age-related differences were found for the comprehension of relational meaning.
The market share‐profitability relationship: An empirical assessment of major assertions and contradictions

While previous research on the relationship between market share (MS) and business profitability (BP) has found a positive relationship, its nature (i.e. direct versus spurious), its context-specificity, and the validity of MS as a predictor of BP have not been adequately addressed. Employing path analysis, this study examined the nature of this relationship across a taxonomy of homogeneous environments. The major findings were that (1) the association between MS and BP is context-specific; (2) both direct and spurious relationships exist, and their relative strengths vary across environments; and (3) the validity of MS as a predictor of BP is context-specific. Further, key firm conduct variables accounting for the spuriousness have been identified. Finally, implications of these findings for managers pursuing market share as a goal are discussed.
Water soluble ions in the Nakhla martian meteorite

Abstract— Water-soluble ion concentrations from the martian achondrite Nakhla and three asteroidal achon drites are reported. The Nakhla sample contains significant concentrations of chloride, sulfate, Mg, Na, Ca, and K ions. The results are interpreted to indicate that this rock has been in contact with a seawater-like brine on the martian surface.
Laser-generated ultrasound in single-crystal Mindlin-type plates: theory and experiment

A Mindlin-type plate theory, appropriate for laser-line irradiation of a single-crystal plate with cubic symmetry, is developed to predict the temporal displacement profile in the far-field of the laser source. The [100] crystal axis coincides with the plate normal and the [010] crystal axis is inclined at an angle to the laser-line source. A formal solution for the out-of-plane displacements is obtained using Laplace and Fourier transforms. Both thermoelastic and non-thermal photostrictive source mechanisms are considered. For the particular problem of photostrictive generation, the spatial and temporal dependence are recovered using a hybrid analytical and numerical inversion scheme. Experimental data for a single crystal silicon plate, obtained via pulse laser generation and interferometric detection, is compared with theory.
Integration of Plasma Membrane in Supported Lipid Bilayers

Supported lipid bilayers are a common biomimetic platform for biophysical studies of membrane proteins and the plasma membrane itself. They also hold potential for practical applications in biosensors. However, a limitation of the typical method of studying membrane proteins by reconstitution in pre-assembled bilayers is that the proper structure and function of proteins may rely on the presence of other membrane components. Toward the creation of a more comprehensive platform for studies of membrane proteins, we explored two methods of creating cell-derived supported bilayers (CDSBs). Bilayers were formed either via vesicle fusion or vesicle fusion to Langmuir-Blodgett lipid monolayers, and they were analyzed using fluorescence microscopy. The lateral mobility of lipids was assessed by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). In addition, impedance spectroscopy was used to measure the electrochemical properties of the CDSBs.
Plasma membrane recovery kinetics of a microfluidic intracellular delivery platform

Intracellular delivery of materials is a challenge in research and therapeutic applications. Physical methods of plasma membrane disruption have recently emerged as an approach to facilitate the delivery of a variety of macromolecules to a range of cell types. We use the microfluidic CellSqueeze delivery platform to examine the kinetics of plasma membrane recovery after disruption and its dependence on the calcium content of the surrounding buffer (recovery time ∼ 5 min without calcium vs. ∼ 30 s with calcium). Moreover, we illustrate that manipulation of the membrane repair kinetics can yield up to 5× improvement in delivery efficiency without significantly impacting cell viability. Membrane repair characteristics initially observed in HeLa cells are shown to translate to primary naive murine T cells. Subsequent manipulation of membrane repair kinetics also enables the delivery of larger materials, such as antibodies, to these difficult to manipulate cells. This work provides insight into the membrane repair process in response to mechanical delivery and could potentially enable the development of improved delivery methods.
The determination of serum iron by nitroso-R-salt without deproteinization.

Abstract Serum iron can be directly determined without deproteinization and without interference from hemoglobin or the normal constituents of serum. Nitroso-R-salt (i-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid-disodium salt) with a molar absorptivity index of 19,800 for iron is used as the color reagent in an acetate buffered system at pH 5.5. The absorbance is measured at 720 mμ.
Micro solar energy harvesting using thin film selective absorber coating and thermoelectric generators

The use of a nanometer-scale solar selective absorber coating to enhance the performance of a thermoelectric generation (TEG) module in solar thermal energy harvesting is presented. The thin film coating is fabricated by electrochemical deposition of a bimetallic layer of tin and nickel on copper substrate. The coating has a dendrite structure with grain size of 100 nm. Testing indicates the ability of these collectors to transform incident radiation into thermal energy. The collectors utilizing the selective coating achieved a final temperature 10 °C higher than the baseline copper device. More importantly, the coating demonstrates the ability to collect and transmit over 90 % of the available heat flux. The harvested thermal energy is applied to drive a TEG module for useful power generation. The device utilized with selective absorber coating shows an output power 4.5 times more than the baseline device. Overall area of the collector plate is 16 cm2.
Spine fractures in patients with ankylosing spinal disorders.

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review. OBJECTIVE To describe the spine fracture characteristics, current treatments, and their results in patients with ankylosing spinal disorders (ASD), such as ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), with the hypothesis that complication and mortality rates are high. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Spine fractures in patients with ASD are unique and have only been described in relatively small case series. METHODS Retrospective review of a large consecutive series of patients with spine fractures and ASD over a 7-year period. Complications were stratified according to parameters such as type and number of comorbidities, patient age, and mechanism of injury. Predictors of mortality were analyzed by linear regression. Similarities between patients with AS and DISH were evaluated by chi analysis. RESULTS Of the 122 spine fractures in 112 consecutive patients with ASD, the majority were transdiscal extension injuries, most commonly affecting C6-C7. Eighty-one percent of the patients had at least 1 major medical comorbidity. Spinal cord injury was present in 58% of the patients, 34% of whom improved by at least 1 American Spinal Injury Association grade. Nineteen percent of patients had delayed diagnosis of their spine fracture, 81% of whom had resulting neurologic compromise. Surgery was performed on 67% of patients, consisting primarily of multilevel posterior instrumentation 3 levels above and below the injury. Eighty-four percent of all patients had at least 1 complication. Mortality was 32% and correlated with age > or =70 (P < 0.0001), number of comorbidities (P < 0.0001), and low-energy mechanism of injury (P = 0.009). AS patients were younger (P = 0.03) and had a higher risk of delayed fracture diagnosis (P = 0.012), but were otherwise similar to DISH patients. CONCLUSION Patients with spine fractures and ASD are at high risk for complications and death and should be counseled accordingly. Multilevel posterior segmental instrumentation allows effective fracture healing. AS and DISH patients represent similar patient populations for the purpose of treatment and future research.
Geographically Adaptive Inversion Model for Improving Bathymetric Retrieval From Satellite Multispectral Imagery

Optical remote sensing imagery offers a cost-effective alternative to echo sounding and bathymetric light detection and ranging surveys for deriving high density bottom depth estimates for coastal and inland water bodies. The common practice of previous studies has been to calibrate a single global bathymetric inversion model for an entire image scene. The performance of conventional global models is limited when the bottom type and water quality vary spatially within the scene. To address the inadequacy of the conventional global models, this paper presents a geographically adaptive inversion model to better estimate bottom depth. Although the general mathematical form of the geographically adaptive model is the same, model parameters are optimally determined within a geographical region or a local area, in contrast to the entire scene in the global inversion model. By using high-resolution IKONOS and moderate-resolution Landsat satellite images, we demonstrated that regionally and locally calibrated inversion models can effectively address the problems introduced by spatial heterogeneity in water quality and bottom type, and provide significantly improved bathymetric estimates for more complex coastal waters.
A peripheral locus for amphetamine anorexia

The anorexic action of amphetamine is thought to be mediated by central dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmitter systems1–4. However, some of its sympathomimetic effects can be attenuated by denervation5 or by depletion of peripheral noradrenaline6,7. This led us to consider the possibility that a component of amphetamine anorexia might be due to excitation of the sympathetic innervation of the viscera. To test this, the amphetamine dose–response curves of free-feeding rats with visceral sympathetic denervation by coeliac ganglionectomy (GAN) were compared with those of sham-operated controls (SHM). We report here that ganglionectomized rats were protected from the anorexic effects of low doses of amphetamine (0.2 or 0.4 mg per kg interaperitoneal, i.p.). We suggest that the anorexia might result from enhanced hepatic glycogenolysis8, and the subsequent stimulation of hepatic metabolic receptors that inhibit feeding9.
Long-lasting alterations of the mesolimbic dopamine system after periadolescent ethanol drinking by alcohol-preferring rats.

: Background: This study tested the hypothesis that ethanol consumption by alcohol-preferring (P) rats during the periadolescent period causes persistent alterations in the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system. After ethanol drinking during periadolescence, P rats were examined for alterations in basal locomotor activity, changes in extracellular DA levels and extraction fraction in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) by using no-net-flux (NNF) microdialysis, and changes in the response of the mesolimbic DA system to ethanol. Methods: Male P rat pups were given 24-hr free-choice access to 15% (v/v) ethanol from postnatal day (PD) 30 through PD 60. On PD 70, rats were assessed for locomotor activity. On PD 70 to 80, rats were implanted with bilateral guide cannulas aimed above the NAc. After at least 5 days, microdialysis probes were inserted bilaterally; on the following day, NNF microdialysis experiments were conducted. On the day after the NNF experiment, conventional microdialysis experiments were conducted to measure extracellular levels of DA in response to intraperitoneal injection of saline or ethanol 2.5 g/kg. Results: Compared with the ethanol-naive group, ethanol drinking by P rats during periadolescence did not alter basal locomotor activity, nor did it alter the basal extracellular concentration of DA. There was, however, a significant increase in the extraction fraction of DA of ethanol-drinking animals relative to the controls (57.4 ± 2.7% and 45.8 ± 2.3%, respectively). Additionally, compared with controls, P rats with exposure to ethanol during the periadolescent period showed a prolonged increase in the extracellular levels of DA after a challenge dose of ethanol. Conclusions: The results of the microdialysis experiments suggest that periadolescent ethanol drinking by P rats increases basal DA neurotransmission (as indicated by higher DA clearance while maintaining the same extracellular DA concentrations) and prolongs the response of DA neurotransmission to ethanol.
Comparative population ecology of Ephydra hians Say (Diptera: Ephydridae) at Mono Lake (California) and Abert Lake (Oregon)

The population dynamics of Ephydra hians Say final instar larvae and pupae were compared over a two year period in rocky littoral habitats of two alkaline saline lakes in the western Great Basin. Relative abundance increased from 1983 to 1984 at Mono Lake (California), during dilution from ca. 90 to 80 g l-1 TDS (total dissolved solids). In contrast, relative abundance decreased over the same period at Abert Lake (Oregon), accompanied by a dilution of salinity from ca. 30 to 20 g l-1 and a marked increase in the number and abundance of other benthic macroinvertebrate species. These observations are consistent with a hypothesis that proposes biotic interactions limit E. hians abundance at low salinity, and physiological stress limits abundance at high salinity.
Amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells with varying i-layer thickness

Abstract We study the effect on various properties of varying the intrinsic layer (i-layer) thickness of amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. Double-side monocrystalline silicon (c-Si) heterojunction solar cells are made using hot-wire chemical vapor deposition on high-lifetime n-type Czochralski wafers. We fabricate a series of SHJ solar cells with the amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) i-layer thickness at the front emitter varying from 3.2 nm (0.8xi) to ~ 96 nm (24xi). Our optimized i-layer thickness is about 4 nm (1xi). Our reference cell (1xi) performance has an efficiency of 17.1% with open-circuit voltage (V oc ) of 684 mV, fill factor (FF) of 76%, and short-circuit current density (J sc ) of 33.1 mA/cm 2 . With an increase of i-layer thickness, V oc changes little, whereas the FF falls significantly after 12 nm (3xi) of i-layer. Transient capacitance measurements are used to probe the effect of the potential barrier at the n-type c-Si/a-Si interface on minority-carrier collection. We show that hole transport through the i-layer is field-driven transport rather than tunneling.
Foucault and the Subject of Stoic Existence

Foucault is typically seen as having rebelled against the previous generation of French philosophy, which was dominated by existential phenomenology, and by Sartre in particular. However, the relationship between these two generations and between these two philosophers is more complex than one of simple opposition. Through a refracted focus on Foucault’s late work on Greco-Roman philosophy and on the themes of the practice of the care of the self and the freedom associated with that practice, I argue that Foucault—whose philosophy is centered around the problematization of site-specific processes of subjectification— is closer to existentialism than he seems.
A concise total synthesis of (-)-cylindricine C through a stereoselective intramolecular aza-[3 + 3] annulation strategy.

An enantioselective total synthesis of (−)-cylindricine C is described, featuring a diastereoselective intramolecular aza-[3 + 3] annulation strategy and an interesting halohydrin formation of the C4−5 olefin for construction of C4-ketone. This work provides a unique approach to this family of natural products.
High temperature storage of spray-dried egg white. 3. Thermal resistance of Salmonella oranienburg.

Abstract THE heat treatment of egg white solids (EWS) is a practical and effective means of destroying salmonellae, see Ayres and Slosberg (1949) and Banwart and Ayres (1956). A common practice is to hold the powder in a “hot room” for seven days at about 54°C. (130°F.). Also, Bergquist (1961) was granted a patent utilizing successive mild heat treatments of the liquid and the powder. A process involving higher temperatures and shorter times was patented by Smith (1964). The two previous papers in this series by Baldwin et al. (1967) and by Cotterill et al. (1967) reported functional, chemical, and physical changes during heat treatment. This paper reports further information on the decimal reduction times (D) and thermal death times (F) for Salmonella oranienburg in spray-dried EWS. Also, thermal destruction curves have been constructed. As an aid to reviewing the literature, other observations have been summarized in Figure 1A, IB, and…
Further search for S = +1 baryon states in photoproduction

Abstract The photoproduced K - yield from hydrogen has been studied at a laboratory angle of 15° in a further search for strangeness S = +1 baryon states. The upper limit for differential cross sections for resonant states is about 4 nb/sr.
Detection of microemboli by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and characteristics of microembolic signals (MES) in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). METHODS: Twenty-three patients with aneurysmal SAH were monitored with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography for the presence of MES and vasospasm. Each middle cerebral artery was monitored for 30 minutes three times each week. Patients were excluded if they had traumatic SAH or cardiac or arterial sources of emboli. Monitoring was initiated 6.3 days (1-16 d) after SAH and lasted 6.6 days (1-13 d). Eleven individuals without SAH or other cerebrovascular diseases who were treated in the same unit served as control subjects. Each patient underwent monitoring of both middle cerebral arteries a mean of three times; therefore, 46 vessels were studied (a total of 138 observations). Control subjects underwent assessment of each middle cerebral artery once, for a total of 22 control vessels. RESULTS: MES were detected for 16 of 23 patients (70%) and 44 of 138 patient vessels (32%) monitored, compared with 2 of 11 control subjects (18%) and 2 of 22 control vessels (9%) (P < 0.05). MES were observed for 83% of patients with clinical vasospasm and 54% of those without clinical vasospasm. Ultrasonographic vasospasm was observed for 71 of 138 vessels monitored; MES were observed for 28% of vessels with vasospasm and 36% of those without vasospasm. Aneurysms proximal to the monitored artery were identified in 38 of 138 vessels, of which 34% exhibited MES, which is similar to the frequency for vessels without proximal aneurysms (31 %). Coiled, clipped, and unsecured aneurysms exhibited similar frequencies of MES. CONCLUSION: MES were common in SAH, occurring in 70% of cases of SAH and one-third of all vessels monitored. Although MES were more frequent among patients with clinical vasospasm, this difference did not reach statistical significance. We were unable to demonstrate a relationship between ultrasonographic vasospasm and MES, and the presence of a proximal secured or unsecured aneurysm did not alter the chance of detection of MES. Further studies are required to determine the origin and clinical relevance of MES in SAH.
Carbon−Hydrogen and Carbon−Carbon Bond Activation of Cyclopropane by a Hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate Rhodium Complex

Generation of the 16-electron fragment {[HB(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)3]Rh(CNCH2CMe3)} (Tp‘RhL) in the presence of cyclopropane results in C−H activation of the hydrocarbon. The cyclopropyl hydride complex rearranges in benzene solvent to the metallacyclobutane complex Thermolysis of the rhodacyclobutane complex produces an η2-propylene complex. The related complex Tp‘Rh(CN-2,6-xylyl)(C2H4) has been structurally characterized and displays η3-Tp‘ coordination, both in the solid state and in solution. Thermolysis of the rhodacyclobutane complex in the presence of neopentyl isocyanide leads to insertion of isocyanide into both Rh−C bonds of the metallacycle. Cyclobutane undergoes C−H but not C−C bond cleavage.
RMAIS: RFID-based medication Adherence Intelligence System

There has been compelling evidence that outpatients, especially those who are elderly or taking multiple complexly scheduled drugs, are not taking their medicines as directed, leading to unnecessary disease progression, complications, functional disabilities, lower quality of life, and even mortality. Existing technologies for monitoring and improving drug adherence are either costly or too complicated for general patients to use. In this paper, we introduce the detailed design and the complete prototype of a marketable Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID)-based Medication Adherence Intelligence System (RMAIS) that can be conveniently used at a residential home by ordinary patients. RMAIS is designed to maintain patients' independence and enable them to take multiple daily medicine dosages of the right amount at the right time. The system is patient-centered and user-friendly by reminding a patient of the prescribed time for medication and dispensing it in a fully automatic and fool-proof way. This is achieved mainly due to its novel design of a motorized rotation platform and the smooth integration of a scale, an RFID reader, and the rotation platform. In addition, this system has an Internet-based notification function that is used to alert the patient when it is time to take medicine as well as report deviations from the prescribed schedule to the primary care physicians or pharmacists.
The First Derivative Thoracic Impedance Cardiogram

When an alternating current of high frequency is applied to the thorax, the first derivative of the impedance to this current is affected by the cardiac cycle resulting in a characteristic wave form. Phonocardiograms, electrocardiograms, and first derivative thoracic impedance cardiograms were recorded simultaneously in 91 subjects. The first derivative thoracic impedance cardiograms were found to have sharply demarcated points which occur synchronously with the first heart sound, aortic second sound, pulmonic second sound, mitral opening snap, third heart sound, and fourth heart sound. The first derivative thoracic impedance cardiogram may thus be used not only as a reference tracing to help identify heart sounds on the phonocardiogram, but also for directly timing the intervals within the cardiac cycle.
Mutation in a testis-specific β-tubulin in Drosophila: Analysis of its effects on meiosis and map location of the gene

The structural gene for a testis-specific beta--tubulin subunit in Drosophila melanogaster was mapped genetically and cytogenetically by means of a dominant male sterile mutation, B2tD, in which a variant form of the testis beta--tubulin is expressed. The B2t locus is at 48.5 map units on the third chromosome genetic map, and in bands 85D4-7 on the salivary chromosome map. The mutation B2tD causes disruption of microtubule function in all stages of spermatogenesis, beginning with meiosis. The effects of gene dosage of B2tD on meiosis were examined in detail cytologically at the light microscope level. In testes of flies in which the variant tubulin subunit is expressed, abnormal meiotic spindle formation, improper chromosome movement and failure to undergo cytokinesis occur. The extent of these defects in microtubule function depends on the dosage of the B2tD mutation, being most severe in males homozygous for the mutation, intermediate in males heterozygous for the mutation, and least marked in males heterozygous for B2tD and a tandem duplication of the region of the genome containing the B2t locus. Chromosomal events unrelated to microtubule function, such as replication and condensation, occur normally. Results obtained during mapping of the B2t locus strongly suggest a haplo-insufficient site at or closely linked to this locus.
Measurement and analysis of gate-induced drain leakage in short-channel strained silicon germanium-on-insulator pMOS FinFETs

Strained silicon germanium (s-SiGe) pMOS finFETs have proven benefits over silicon p-MOSFETs due to their superior transport properties which is attributed to uniaxial stress-induced lower hole effective mass [1-2]. However, the narrower bandgap of SiGe compared to silicon leads to an increase in band-to-band tunneling, which results in higher gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL). Previous work has focused on understanding long-channel GIDL for planar buried-channel s-SiGe pFETs with Si cap and ion-implanted source/drain [3,4]. In this work, for the first time, we investigate the short channel GIDL characteristics of surface-channel strained-Si 1-x Ge x (x=0.27 and 0.5) p-MOSFETs in a finFET architecture using a Si-cap-free surface passivation and ion implant-free raised S/D process. We show devices having a minimum GIDL current of 1nA/um for x=0.27 and 20nA/um for x=0.5 at an operating voltage of V DD =0.8V and an operating temperature of 50°C. In addition, temperature-dependent leakage current measurements demonstrate that the GIDL caused by band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) is the dominant leakage mechanism as compared to trap-assisted tunneling (TAT) for both cases.
Over-the-Counter Stimulants: Abuse and Addiction

A widely held belief is that amphetamine-like stimulants have abuse potential, but addiction to these drugs is seldom mentioned. We describe seven patients who fulfilled criteria for amphetamine-like abuse or dependence, based on the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. This case series lends clinical support to the research findings that amphetamine-like drugs are reinforcing and therefore can be addictive. The use of standardized criteria to classify excessive over-the-counter stimulant use as abuse or dependence distinguishes these case reports from others in the medical literature. Public concern about the misuse of this class of drugs is discussed. We propose that clinicians use standardized criteria to diagnose accurately abuse of or dependence on over-the-counter stimulants for a better understanding of the extent of this problem.
Digoxin-like immunoreactive substance in pregnancy

Our aims were to determine the potential usefulness of digoxin-like immunoreactive substances in the prediction of preeclampsia, to study the relationship between fetal production of these substances and maternal serum levels, and to evaluate the association between digoxin-like immunoreactive substances and plasma volume findings in preeclamptic pregnancies. Serum digoxin-like immunoreactive substance concentrations were measured in normotensive and preeclamptic pregnant women and in umbilical artery and vein blood samples. None of the patients in the first trimester (n = 53) and 11 % of those in the second (n = 56) had detectable levels of this substance. However, 91% of the patients in the third trimester (n = 161) had positive results. The concentrations of digoxin-like immunoreactive substances in the preeclamptic group (n = 78) were significantly (p
A new computational framework for anatomically consistent 3D statistical shape analysis with clinical imaging applications

A computational approach is presented for the quantitative comparison and statistical decomposition of sets of 3D closed genus-0 surfaces obtained from untagged medical images. The core of the analysis procedure consists in a two-step surface parameterisation technique followed by the proper orthogonal decomposition method. The capabilities of the proposed approach are demonstrated through analysis and sensitivity tests considering a human right ventricle endocardial surface captured at several time frames over the cardiac cycle, as well as decomposition and classification tests considering several sets of artificially generated 3D surfaces.
Attempts to prepare W2(?-diketonate)4(M4-M) complexes by reductiye elimination fromd 3 -d 3 ditungsten complexes. Preparation and structures of W2 R 2(NMe2)2 (Bu t -acac)2 and W2 R 2(OPr i )2 (Bu t -acac)2 compounds, whereR = Et, Ph, CH2Ph, and BC i

The reactions between 1,2-W2R2(NMe2)4 (R=Et and Ph) and 1,2-W2R2(OPri)4 (R=CH2Ph and But) and But-CHCOCH2COBut (But-acacH) (4 equiv)in pentane or hexane give, respectively, W2R2NMe2)2 (But-acac)2 and W2R2(OPri)2 (But-acac)2 that are remarkably thermally and photochemically robust with respect to further reaction and reductive elimination to give the targeted compounds W2(But-acac)4. The new compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, and1H NMR spectroscopy and forR = Et and CH2Ph by single crystal X-ray studies. In each compound there are four coordinate W atoms united by unbridged W-W triple bonds. Crystal data for W2Et2(NMe2)2 (But-acac)2 at −165°C:a=17.115(2) A,b=10.542(1) A,c = 19.786(3) A.β = 98.55(1)°,Z = 4, and space group C2/c; for W2(CH2Ph)2 (OPri)2 (But-acac)2 at −157°C:a=23.547(5) A,b = 10.784(2)A,c = 21.105(5) A,β = 127.20(1)°,Z = 4, and space group C2/c.
EEG effects of physostigmine and choline chloride in humans

Seventeen normal volunteers received either 0.5 mg, 1.5 mg, or 2.5 mg physostigmine i.v. in a placebo-drug-placebo single-blind design. EEG was recorded simultaneously and analyzed by computerized spectral analysis. Eleven healthy elderly volunteers (mean age=69.1 years) with mild memory impairment were treated with placebo, followed by oral choline chloride (either 8 g/day for 3 weeks, or 16 g/day for 1 week), and then, again, placebo. Recordings of spontaneous EEG and EEG event-related potentials (contingent negative variation) were obtained during both placebo and choline treatments. The larger doses of physostigmine produced an increase in low frequency activity and a slowing of the peak alpha frequency. Oral choline chloride had no effect on the EEG as measured by spectral analysis, but appears to have differential effects on contingent negative variation (CNV) amplitude and reaction time, depending upon the initial CNV amplitude.
Attention-Grabbing Vocal Signals: Impact on Information Processing and Expectations

Adults listened to children's verbalizations that differed in fundamental frequency (fo) or pitch, a vocal quality that has potential attention-eliciting properties. Undergraduate women listened to child messages in anticipation of a teaching interaction. As predicted, higher recall was shown for child messages accompanied by high fo than low fo; this advantage was, however, limited to younger children. Additionally, listeners showed differential expectations for their teaching success on the combined basis of child fo and their own perceptions of perceived social control (PC). As predicted, low-PC teachers expected that interactions with high-fo children would be relatively unsuccessful, whereas interactions with low-fo children would be relatively easy. Results are interpreted as reflecting differential reactions to the demands of dependent others based on cognitive representations of such relationships.
Lipopolysaccharide and serum cause the translocation of G-protein to the membrane and prime neutrophils via CD14.

Summary Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in combination with human serum, in the absence of a second stimulus, causes an increase in the amount of the α -subunit (G i α 2 ) of the guanine nucleotide binding protein G i2 associated with the membrane. The LPS-serum complex also primes human neutrophils for O 2 − production in response to stimulation by the chemotactic factor fMet-Leu-Phe. Added serum factor is essential for priming at low concentrations of LPS. In the presence of serum, significant potentiation can be observed at LPS concentration as low as 0.1 ng/ml. The priming is dose and time dependent. Furthermore, the observed actions of the LPS-serum complex are not reversible since they cannot be overcome by washing. Monoclonal antibody against CD14 inhibits both the direct and priming actions of the LPS-serum complex. On the other hand, neither the antibody against CD11b nor the antibody against TNF-α inhibits the action of this complex.