cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The impact of mean reversion of bank profitability on post-merger performance in the banking industry

Abstract This research study examines the tendency for serial correlation in bank holding company profitability, finding significant evidence of reversion to the industry mean in profitability. The paper then considers the impact of mean reversion on the evaluation of post-merger performance of bank holding companies. The research concludes that when an adjustment is made for the mean reversion, post-merger results significantly exceed those of the industry in the first 5 years after the merger.
Karen Horney and Psychotherapy in the 21st Century

Many ideas currently circulating in the psychological and psychoanalytic communities have correspondence with the theories put forth by Karen Horney during the first half of the twentieth century. This paper provides an overview of Horney’s theoretical departures from Freud and an introduction to her then controversial views of motivation and relationship. Compatibility between Horney’s ideas and attachment theory, self-psychology, intersubjectivity, and the person in the environment is discussed. Two clinical cases are presented, illustrating Horney’s theory and approach.
I Don’t Want to Be the One Saying ‘We Should Just Let Him Die’: Intrapersonal Tensions Experienced by Surrogate Decision Makers in the ICU

BACKGROUND Although numerous studies have addressed external factors associated with difficulty in surrogate decision making, intrapersonal sources of tension are an important element of decision making that have received little attention.
Calciphylaxis mimicking dermatomyositis: Ischemic myopathy complicating renal failure

Background: Among the complications of chronic renal failure is a syndrome of medial calcification of small- to medium-sized arteries associated with ischemic necrosis of the skin and other organ systems, leading to gangrene and a poor prognosis. The syndrome has been reviewed in the renal, dermatologic, and surgical literature under the term calciphylaxis , which describes a postulated pathogenetic mechanism whereby sensitization to an endogenous or exogenous substance (such as parathyroid hormone) predisposes to calcium deposition after exposure to a challenging agent. Myopathy has rarely been reported as the presenting feature, and the syndrome has not been discussed in the neurologic literature. Methods: We report two patients with renal failure and systemic calciphylaxis who presented to our hospital with myopathic complaints and signs suggesting dermatomyositis. We also discuss possible disease mechanisms and treatment. Conclusions: Because early treatment (including aggressively lowering the calcium and phosphate levels and parathyroidectomy) may improve the outcome, early recognition of the syndrome of calciphylaxis is essential.
The loop space S1 → R and supersymmetric quantum fields

We present index theorey for Dirac operators Q on the loop space S1 → R. These Dirac operators are obtained from sypersymmetric quantum field models containing one real Bose field and one real (Majorana) Fermi field. The interactions of the model are described by a real polynomial V. We prove that Q is Fredholm and we compute its index, namely ± [(deg V + 1) mod 2].
Self-Assembled TiO2 Nanotube Arrays by Anodization of Titanium in Diethylene Glycol: Approach to Extended Pore Widening

We report on the formation of titanium dioxide nanotube arrays having the largest known pore size, approximately 350 nm diameter. The nanotube arrays are synthesized by Ti foil anodization in a diethylene glycol electrolyte containing low (0.5-2%) concentrations of hydrofluoric acid. The large pore size nanotube arrays are achieved with extended anodization durations of approximately 120 h, with the anodization duration showing a more significant effect on pore diameter than the anodization voltage. It appears that the combined effects of hydrofluoric acid content and anodization duration determine the lateral etching rate of the nanotubes, leading to the larger pore size nanotubes.
Coupling of Raman radial breathing modes in double-wall carbon nanotubes and bundles of nanotubes

Measurements of the radial breathing modes from Raman Spectroscopy have been most useful in characterizing the diameters of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT), where there is a simple monotonic relationship between frequency and diameter. Similar correlations have also been used to predict sizes for double and multiple wall nanotubes and for bundles of SWNT. However this can lead to significant errors because the relationship between frequencies and diameter is much more complicated for DWNT. This is because of couplings between the vibrations of various walls. To provide guidance in such assignments we used the GraFF atomistic force field to predict the in-phase and counter-phase radial breathing modes (RBMs) of double wall carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) over a broad range of inner and outer diameters and chiralities. We then developed an analytical model to describe the RBMs of dispersed DWNTs. This enables the inner and outer shell diameters to be extracted from pairs of RBM peaks. We find that nanotubes bundles show significant dependent peak broadening and shifting compared to dispersed nanotubes. For bundles of SWNT and DWNT, the relationships are much more complicated.
The role of psychological processes in estimates of stuttering severity.

Abstract Purpose To examine the associations of trait anxiety (STAI), social anxiety (SIAS), depression (BDI-II), and personality features (ADP-IV) with three measures of stuttering severity: %SS, Stuttering Severity, Instrument, and the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Method Fifty adults with a history of stuttering served as participants. Participant scores on trait, anxiety, social anxiety, depression, and personality features were entered into a regression analysis, with the criterion variables (DVs) being: %SS, SSI-3, OASES total score. In order to explore the OASES, further, each of the four OASES subscales were also examined. A separate regression was conducted for, each dependent variable. Results The OASES total score model was significant (p Conclusion Anxiety in the form of social and trait anxiety are significantly associated with stuttering, severity as indicated by the OASES. Traditional procedures for assigning severity ratings to individuals, who stutter based on percent syllables stuttered and the Stuttering Severity Instrument are not, significantly related to psychological processes central to the stuttering experience. Depression and, personality characteristics do not meaningfully account for stuttering. Educational objectives: The reader will be able to: (a) differentiate forms of anxiety that are likely to be associated with stuttering (b) understand the importance of determining features of stuttering that go beyond the obvious, surface characteristics of stuttering frequency, and (c) discuss the important clinical and theoretical implications for understanding the degree of psychological dysfunction that is likely to be characteristic of those who stutter.
Enhancing Brain and Cognitive Function of Older Adults Through Fitness Training

The present article provides a brief review of the human and animal literature that has investigated the relationship between fitness training and brain and cognitive function. The animal research clearly suggests that improvements in fitness can lead to both morphological and functional changes in the brains of older animals. Results of a recent meta-analysis suggest that fitness training can also have beneficial effects on human cognition, particularly on tasks requiring executive control processing. These effects are also moderated by a number of factors, including the proportion of men and women in the intervention studies, the length of training sessions, the age of the participants, and the combination of fitness training regimes. The article also discusses preliminary results that link, for the first time, fitness training and differences in human brain structure and function. Finally, we discuss the important issue of participant adherence to fitness training programs and the factors that influence fitness participation.
Effect of atmospheric modification on the incidence of blackheart and the cation content of celery

Abstract Covering the tops of greenhouse-grown celery ( Apium graveolens L. ‘Utah 52–70’) daily with clear polyethylene bags reduced the incidence of blackheart compared to uncovered plants. Covering the plants at night was more effective in reducing blackheart than covering during the day. Heart leaves of night-covered plants had a significantly higher content of Ca and a lower content of K compared to uncovered plants. The results suggest that manipulation of root-pressure flow by covering celery tops at night increases Ca and decreases K content of heart tissues, resulting in reduced incidence of blackheart.
Hepatitis B virus infection in HIV-infected persons

Coinfection with HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) is common due to shared modes of transmission. The extended life expectancy of HIV-infected persons from effective antiretroviral therapy has led to the emergence of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) as an important problem. HIV adversely affects CHB, leading to accelerated progression of liver disease, as evidenced by an increased incidence of cirrhosis and liver-related mortality in coinfected persons. Furthermore, CHB increases the risk of hepatotoxicity from antiretroviral therapy, potentially jeopardizing the efficacy of HIV treatment. For these reasons, HIV-infected persons must be evaluated for coinfection with HBV and, if present, must be considered for CHB treatment. Management of CHB in HIV-infected persons is particularly complex due to lack of controlled trials, inability for current therapeutics to eradicate HBV, overlap in therapeutic agents for both viruses, and potential for development of drug-resistant HBV and HIV. Thus, treatment of HIV-HBV-coinfected patients requires simultaneous consideration of both viral infections. Further research is needed to determine the optimum management of CHB in HIV-infected persons.
Anthraquinone dye intermediates as precursors of aklavinone-type anthracyclinones

Abstract The commercially available dye intermediates 1-hydroxyanthraquinone, 1-amino-2-methylanthraquinone and 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone (chrysazin) have been elaborated in a regiospecific manner into tetracyclic ketonitriles. The latter are potential precursors of the anthracycline aglycone aklavinone and its 4-deoxy analog 1
Patient Acceptance of Influenza Vaccination

Abstract purpose: To determine whether patients' demographic, medical, and personal characteristics, including attitudes and beliefs about vaccination, health, and medical providers, are associated with acceptance of influenza vaccine. patients and methods: Nine hundred sixtyfive patients attending a university hospitalbased general medicine clinic during the fall influenza vaccination period, including 624 patients for whom influenza vaccine was indicated, were observed in a prospective cohort study. In addition, 58 patients who refused influenza vaccine and an equal number who accepted it were interviewed over the telephone to examine their beliefs and behaviors in greater detail. results: Seventy-five percent of patients for whom influenza vaccine was indicated received it. Prospectively assessed patient characteristics that were significantly associated with nonvaccination included not believing vaccine prevents "flu" (relative risk [RR] 5.3), never received pneumococcal vaccine (RR 3.5), not vaccinated against influenza the previous year (RR 3.5), never vaccinated against influenza (RR 2.3), and felt sick after previous influenza vaccination (RR 2.3). Demographic characteristics and medical diagnoses were not significantly related to vaccination. Almost one half of 58 interviewed subjects who refused influenza vaccine cited fear of a reaction. Among retrospectively determined attitudes and beliefs significantly associated with refusal of influenza vaccine were not believing the vaccine works well (odds ratio [OR] 11.6), concern about a reaction (OR 9.3), and perception that the medical provider had not recommended it (OR 5.8). conclusion: Demographic characteristics of patients and their medical diagnoses were not associated with acceptance of influenza vaccination. Among patients who were not vaccinated, doubts about the efficacy of influenza vaccine and fear of its side effects were common, and their perceptions of the medical provider's recommendation of vaccine appeared to be an important factor in the decision whether to accept it.
Cuticular Hydrocarbons as Chemotaxonomic Characters for Bark Beetles: Dendroctonus ponderosae, D. jeffreyi, D. brevicomis, and D. frontalis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Cuticular hydrocarbons were extracted from adults of the sibling species Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins and D. jeffreyi Hopkins and from the closely related species D. brevicomis LeConte and D. frontalis Zimmermann. Four distinct chemical mixtures of cuticular hydrocarbons were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Five classes of hydrocarbons were present: n -alkanes, alkenes, terminally branched methylalkanes, internally branched monomethylalkanes, and dimethylalkanes. Each of the two species pairs, D. ponderosae-D. jeffreyi and D. brevicomis-D. frontalis, had similar hydrocarbon profiles, yet unique hydrocarbon components were found. The best hydrocarbons for separating D. ponderosae and D. jeffreyi are the 3,7-dimethylalkanes. Obvious diagnostic hydrocarbon components are the 3,X-dimethylnonacosanes in D. frontalis and the homologous series of n -alkanes from n -hentriacontane to n -pentatriacontane in D. brevicomis . Host tree and geographic location did not qualitatively affect the cuticular hydrocarbon composition of D. frontalis. Hydrocarbon patterns of male and female D. frontalis were qualitatively and quantitatively similar. The species-specific nature of cuticular hydrocarbon mixtures in these four species and their potential for nondestructive species discrimination are discussed.
Quench front propagation

Abstract A quench front is the boundary between the cold part of a slab covered by cooling water flowing along it, and the hot part covered by the resulting steam. The problem of steady propagation of such a front, based on a simple theory, is solved by the Wiener-Hopf method. The solution yields the temperature distribution in the slab and an equation for the speed of the front. This equation is examined asymptotically for both fast and slow fronts.
Three-body breakup in dissociative electron attachment to the water molecule

We report the results of ab initio calculations on dissociative electron attachment to water that demonstrate the importance of including three-body breakup in the dissociation dynamics. While three-body breakup is ubiquitous in the analogous process of dissociative recombination, its importance in low-energy dissociative electron attachment to a polyatomic target has not previously been quantified. Our calculations indicate that three-body breakup is a major component of the observed ${\mathrm{O}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ cross section. Our studies suggest that the local complex potential model provides a generally accurate picture of the experimentally observed features in this polyatomic system.
Interaction between specific dietary factors and experimental chemotherapy of metastatic melanoma

The single and combined effects of (a) dietary restriction of phenylalanine and tyrosine, (b) levodopa methylester chemotherapy, and (c) megadose sodium ascorbate supplementation on experimental metastasis was determined in B16-BL6 melanoma. Dietary restriction and levodopa methylester therapy inhibited tumor outgrowth, whereas ascorbate alone was inactive. In combination, however, the effect of dietary restriction and levodopa methylester chemotherapy was augmented by sodium ascorbate. Tumor cells surviving this combination therapy (treated population) were isolated from the lungs of treated mice, and proved to be tumorigenic when inoculated SC into the back of naive mice. The resulting tumors grew more slowly than those produced by inoculation of similarly isolated control cells (control population), irrespective of whether the diet was adequate or deficient in phenylalanine and tyrosine. Failure of the treated tumor cell population to exhibit reduced sensitivity to the combination chemotherapy or, unlike the control population, to exhibit variation in pigmentation levels, suggests that the restriction of phenylalanine and tyrosine during drug therapy alters the tumor response to reduce heterogeneity and perhaps interferes with the emergence of drug resistance.
Alternative to the soft-agar assay that permits high-throughput drug and genetic screens for cellular transformation

Colony formation in soft agar is the gold-standard assay for cellular transformation in vitro, but it is unsuited for high-throughput screening. Here, we describe an assay for cellular transformation that involves growth in low attachment (GILA) conditions and is strongly correlated with the soft-agar assay. Using GILA, we describe high-throughput screens for drugs and genes that selectively inhibit or increase transformation, but not proliferation. Such molecules are unlikely to be found through conventional drug screening, and they include kinase inhibitors and drugs for noncancer diseases. In addition to known oncogenes, the genetic screen identifies genes that contribute to cellular transformation. Lastly, we demonstrate the ability of Food and Drug Administration-approved noncancer drugs to selectively kill ovarian cancer cells derived from patients with chemotherapy-resistant disease, suggesting this approach may provide useful information for personalized cancer treatment.
Mass spectrometry of cysteine-containing peptides

Abstract Permethylation of cysteine-containing peptides by a modification of established methods permits the determination of their amino acid sequence by mass spectrometry.
The Removal of Dietary Chylomicrons and Artificial Fat Emulsions from the Circulation of Rats

The purpose with the investigation was to compare the removal of three different artificial intravenous fat emulsions from the blood of nonfasted rats with the removal from blood of washed chylomicrons collected from rats fed cottonseed oil. The injected dose of glycerides varied between 300 and 1,000 mg/kg body weight. The elimination pattern of the injected particulate fat was determined turbidimetrically. The chylomicrons as well as the different emulsions showed an exponential type of disappearance during the major part of the elimination process. Two of the tested emulsions contained vegetable oil stabilized with phospholipids. These emulsions showed an elimination rate very similar to that of chylomicrons. The third emulsion (“SR”), lacking phospholipids and containing vegetable oil stabilized with synthetic agents, disappeared from blood significantly faster than chylomicrons. With all the injected substrates the elimination rate decreased with increasing fat loads.
Contributions of the solar ultraviolet irradiance to the total solar irradiance during large flares

[1] The solar X-ray radiation varies more than other wavelengths during flares; thus solar X-ray irradiance measurements are relied upon for detecting flare events as well as used to study flare parameters. There is new information about the spectral and temporal variations of flares using solar irradiance measurements from NASA's Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) and the Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere, Energetics, and Dynamics (TIMED) missions. For one, the improved measurement precision for the total solar irradiance (TSI) measurements by the SORCE Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM) has enabled the first detection of flares in the TSI. These flare observations indicate a total flare energy that is about 105 times more than the X-ray measurements in the 0.1–0.8 nm range. In addition, solar spectral irradiance instruments aboard TIMED and SORCE have observed hundreds of flare events in the 0.1 nm to 190 nm range. These solar ultraviolet measurements show that the ultraviolet irradiance changes during flares account for 50% or more of the flare variations seen in the TSI, with most of the ultraviolet contribution coming from the ultraviolet shortward of 14 nm. The remaining part of the flare energy is assumed to come from the wavelengths longward of 190 nm, typically only needing to be about 100 ppm increase for the largest flares. Another result is that the flare variations in the TSI have a strong limb darkening effect, whereby the flares near the limb indicate variations in the TSI being almost entirely from the ultraviolet shortward of 14 nm.
Whole-exome sequencing and clinical interpretation of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples to guide precision cancer medicine

Translating whole-exome sequencing (WES) for prospective clinical use may have an impact on the care of patients with cancer; however, multiple innovations are necessary for clinical implementation. These include rapid and robust WES of DNA derived from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissue, analytical output similar to data from frozen samples and clinical interpretation of WES data for prospective use. Here, we describe a prospective clinical WES platform for archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples. The platform employs computational methods for effective clinical analysis and interpretation of WES data. When applied retrospectively to 511 exomes, the interpretative framework revealed a 'long tail' of somatic alterations in clinically important genes. Prospective application of this approach identified clinically relevant alterations in 15 out of 16 patients. In one patient, previously undetected findings guided clinical trial enrollment, leading to an objective clinical response. Overall, this methodology may inform the widespread implementation of precision cancer medicine.
Collection Efficiency of an Impaction-Electrothermal Atomization Atomic Absorption Spectrometric System for the Direct and Near-Real-Time Determination of Metals in Aerosols: Some Preliminary Results

Recent results have shown the potential for the direct and near real-time determination of metals in aerosols (a solid or liquid particle in a gas, e.g., an air or atmospheric sample) using a single-stage impactor connected to an electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometer. The basic principle involves the drawing of an aerosol by vacuum through a jet, with the output stream directed against the electrothermal atomizer surface (impaction plate surface) opposite the injection port. The impaction plate deflects the flow rate to form an abrupt bend in the streamline, and particles in the aerosol with sufficient inertia are unable to follow the streamline and collide or impact with the electrothermal atomizer surface. The solid sample is then determined for metal content by conventional electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry. Detection limits were in the low ng/m3, the system was capable of detecting approximately 60 different metals on a sequential basis, moving mechanical parts were minimal, and the system was shown to directly determine mercury, cadmium, copper, and lead in the laboratory atmosphere.
Deficient Eye-Movement Patterns in Achieving High School Students Three Case Histories

The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical structure to analyze reading efficiency problems in achieving high school students who are also experiencing a visual functional disorder. Three case histories illustrate the efficacy of a treatment program which included both visual training and the improvement of reading efSiciency. The three students shaved signifcant improvement in visual functioning and reading efficiency as measured by eye-movement recordings after a relatively brief period of training. The Iaoa Silent Reading Tests, Level 111, were administered before and after treatment, and gains were noted in two of the three students.
Peer substance use associated with the co-occurrence of borderline personality disorder features and drug use problems in college students.

Abstract Objective: To determine if the substance use patterns of one's close friends and romantic partners would be a significant contributor to the co-occurrence of borderline personality disorder (BPD) features and drug use problems above and beyond impulsivity and negative emotionality. Participants: Participants were 2,202 undergraduates who attended a large southeastern university between 2003 and 2006. Methods: All subjects completed measures assessing the presence of BPD symptoms, drug use problems, general personality traits, and the proportion of their friends and partners who had used illicit drugs within the past 12 months. Results: The illicit drug use patterns of one's friends and romantic partners was a significant contributor to the co-occurrence of BPD features and drug use problems even when controlling for levels of impulsivity and negative emotionality. Conclusions: These findings suggest possible additional avenues for treatment focusing on helping students with BPD and drug use probl...
Bifurcation structure of rotating wave solutions of the Fitzhugh-Nagumo equations

Abstract The FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) equations are model equations for nerve cell behavior. They support traveling wave solutions which depend on certain parameters. In this paper, a two parameter study of rotating wave solutions (i.e. periodic wavetrains) are considered. These solutions arise from bifurcations of stationary equilibria. The local bifurcation equations are analyzed to determine bifurcation directions as functions of the parameters. In addition, dependence on parameters is computed by numerical continuation and properties of the rotating wave solutions are summarized in parameter space. Finally, some of the biological implications are discussed.
Pituitary pro-opiomelanocortin-cell carcinoma occurring in conjunction with a glioblastoma in a patient with Cushing's disease and subsequent Nelson's syndrome.

SUMMARY Pituitary carcinoma is defined as a malignant pituitary tumour associated with blood- or lymph-borne metastases. Cushing's disease is frequently present in patients with this condition. After adrenalectomy for Cushing's disease, a 37-year-old man developed Nelson's syndrome resulting from a pituitary carcinoma with metastases to the spinal cord, cauda equina, heart, liver, and pancreas. The primary tumour and its metastases showed immunocytochemical staining for ACTH, β-lipotrophin, and variably for β-endorphin and α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH). A coincidental glioblastoma was also present. Nine cases of Cushing's disease associated with pituitary carcinoma, including the present patient, are documented in the literature. The case reported is only the second in which immunohistochemical staining of the primary pituitary tumour and its metastases was performed, and the first in which ACTH-related peptides, in addition to ACTH itself, were demonstrated in the carcinoma cells.
Penetrating thoracoabdominal injuries: ongoing dilemma-which cavity and when?

The aims of this study were to (1) define characteristics for the thoracoabdominal injury patient population; (2) describe sequences of surgical interventions with combined procedures (i.e., thoracotomy and laparotomy); and (3) describe pitfalls leading to inappropriate sequencing of surgical interventions for thoracoabdominal injuries. It was a retrospective 4-year study (January 1995 to December 1998) conducted at an urban level I trauma center. The study population comprised 254 patients who had sustained thoracoabdominal injuries requiring surgical intervention: 187 (73%) gunshot wounds (GSWs), 64 (25%) stab wounds (SWs), and 3 (2%) shotgun wounds (STWs). The mean revised (RTS) was 6.04; the mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 27; the mean estimated blood loss (EBL) was 3000 ml. The overall survival was 175 of 254 (69%). Of the 254, 51 (20%) underwent emergency department (ED) thoracotomy. Altogether, 73 (29%) underwent combined thoracotomy and laparotomy: 59 (81%) GSW, 13 (18%) SW, 1 (1%) STW (mean RTS 5.2, mean ISS 34, mean EBL 6800 ml). Overall survival was 30 of these 73 (41%). A total of 21 of the 73 (29%) underwent ED thoracotomy. In group I (laparotomy then thoracotomy: Lap + Thor, n=34) the initial procedure was interrupted in 18 (53%). In group II (thoracotomy then laparotomy: Thor + Lap, n=39) the initial procedure was interrupted in 14 (36%). Pitfalls leading to inappropriate surgical sequencing were persistent hypotension (13/73,18%) and misleading chest tube output (8/73,10%). It was concluded that penetrating thoracoabdominal injuries incur high mortality (31%), and the mortality doubles for patients who require combined procedures (59%). Inappropriate surgical sequencing occurred in 32 of 73 (44%) patients undergoing combined procedures. Persistent hypotension, indicating that the wrong cavity was accessed, and misleading chest tube output are the leading pitfalls in thoracoabdominal injury management.
Kinetic consequences of a slow substrate binding step in group transferases. Interpretation of product inhibition experiments.

Abstract The steady stake kinetic properties of a simple model for an enzyme catalyzed group transfer reaction between two substrates have been calculated. One substrate is assumed to bind slowly and the other rapidly to the enzyme. Apparent substrate inhibition or substrate activation by the rapidly binding substrate may result if the slowly binding substrate binds at unequal rates to the free enzyme and to the complex between the enzyme and the rapidly binding substrate. Competitive inhibition by each product with respect to its structurally analogous substrate is to be expected if both substrates are in rapid equilibrium with their enzyme-substrate complexes. This product inhibition pattern, however, may also be observed when one substrate binds slowly. Noncompetitive inhibition with respect to the rapidly binding substrate by its structurally analogous product may result if the slowly binding substrate binds more slowly to the enzyme-product complex than to the free enzyme. Inhibition by substrate analogs which are not products should follow the same rules as inhibition by products. Thus substrate analog inhibition experiments are not particularly informative. The form of inhibition by “transition state analog” inhibitors should reveal which substrate binds slowly. There is no sharp conceptual distinction between ordered and random “kinetic mechanisms”. I therefore suggest that the use of these concepts should be abandoned.
Essential tremor frequency decreases with time.

Objective: To quantify the extent to which tremor frequency changes with time in patients with essential tremor. Background: Tremor frequency tends to be lower in older patients. The author’s previous study of 18 patients with essential tremor produced evidence that tremor frequency decreases slowly over a period of 4 to 8 years. A decrement in frequency will increase tremor amplitude because there is less attenuation of lower-frequency tremor by the low-pass filtering properties of muscle and limb mechanics. Methods: Nineteen women and 25 men with essential tremor and no other neurologic conditions were followed for 4 years. Accelerometry and surface electromyography (EMG) were used to measure hand tremor and motor unit entrainment in the extensor carpi radialis brevis every 2 years. Tremor frequency was computed from the spectral peak in the rectified filtered EMG spectrum under the condition of 300-gram loading. Results: The patients’ mean ± SD age was 68.0 ± 9.95 years. The mean tremor frequency at baseline was 5.79 ± 1.32 Hz. The mean decrement in tremor frequency over 4 years was 0.332 Hz (95% CI = 0.141 to 0.523) and was 0.270 Hz (95% CI = 0.122 to 0.418) when a 61-year-old outlier patient was excluded. Tremor frequency and patient age were linearly related: frequency = −0.061(age) + 9.94 ( r = 0.459; p Conclusions: The frequency of essential tremor decreases by ∼0.06 to 0.08 Hz/year. This decrement in frequency is consistent with the linear relationship between age and tremor frequency.–1551
An improved method for introducing an endobronchial blocker.

T HERE ARE numerous indications for onelung ventilation. These include protection of one lung from hemorrhage, an abscess or cyst in the opposite lung, independent lung ventilation with problems such as a bronchopleural fistula, and, most commonly, thoracic surgery, where the collapse of the lung on the operative side provides an improved surgical field. Relative surgical indications include total esophagectomy, aortic arch surgery, and resection of one or more lobes of the lung itself. Endobronchial blockers, which permit isolation of one lung from the other, were first developed and introduced nearly 50 years ago.lV2 Their use was almost abandoned with the development of the double-lumen endotracheal tube. However, double-lumen tubes can cause problems. These include trauma, inadequate ventilation resulting from malposition, blockage or kinking, and difficulty in placement. The authors report a case in which a unique method for inserting an endobronchial blocker was successfully used in a patient who was not a candidate for placement of a double-lumen endotracheal tube because of a prior tracheostomy.
A rapid procedure for locating deep electrode placements

Abstract A rapid method for locating brain electrode placements histologically is described. Frozen unstained sections are mounted in a solution of glycerine and water and cover slipped. A permanent record of the histology may be kept in the form of the slide itself or by photographically printing the projected image of the brain section.
Unilateral retinocephalic vascular malformations.

Unilateral vascular malformations in the retina, brain, and parts of the face, described clinically by Bonnet, Dechaume, and Blanc (1937) and by Wyburn-Mason (1943), comprise a rare but clinically distinct disorder. A total of 22 cases of retinocephalic vascular malformations have been documented angiographically or at necropsy. This study records clinical and roentgenographic features in three additional patients and reviews the findings in all 25 cases.
A General Approach to Locate Instantaneous Contact Lines of Gears Using Surface of Roll Angle

Determining the locations and orientation of potential instantaneous contact lines between two contacting tooth surfaces of gears is one major step in the prediction of unloaded and loaded gear tooth contacts. This study defines and utilizes new general concept based on the construction of a surface of roll angle to simplify the task of locating instantaneous contact lines of any type of gearing. The position and normal vectors of points on one of the mating surfaces and axes of both gears are used in conjunction with the equation of meshing to define the surface of action and the surface of roll angle. With the surface of roll angle defined, instantaneous contact lines are determined by a novel approach based on an analogy to parallel-axes gears. At the end, the proposed method is applied to various parallel- and cross-axis gear pairs to demonstrate its effectiveness.
STEP, XML, and UML: Complementary Technologies

One important aspect of product lifecycle management (PLM) is the computer-sensible representation of product information. Over the past fifteen years or so, several languages and technologies have emerged that vary in their emphasis and applicability for such usage. ISO 10303, informally known as the Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data (STEP), contains the high-quality product information models needed for electronic business solutions. By using STEP, the aerospace, automotive, and ship building industries are saving $150M per year primarily in areas related to geometric modeling. However, traditional STEP-based model information is represented using languages that are unfamiliar to most application developers, thus impeding widespread usage in other areas. This paper discusses efforts underway to make STEP information models available via mechanisms familiar to more business application developers, specifically XML and the Unified Modeling Language™ (UML®). We also present a vision and roadmap for STEP integration with XML, UML, and other technologies to enable enhanced PLM interoperability. Our conclusion is that STEP, XML, and UML are complementary technologies, where STEP provides significant standardized content models, while XML and UML provide enhanced implementation methods. Together, they are a powerful force to enable pervasive digital representation and sharing of diverse technical information.
Major, Through-going Stylolites in the Lower Ordovician Goodwin Limestone, Southern Nevada: Petrography with Dating from Paleomagnetism

ABSTRACT The Early Ordovician Goodwin Limestone, a shallow-water, miogeoclinal calcarenite that occurs in the southern Great Basin, has been studied paleomagnetically and petrographically at one site in the Desert Range, southern Nevada. Major, through-going stylolites that occur in the Goodwin are relatively late diagenetic features because they truncate or deform all other fabrics. Locally, development of these stylolites has caused major disruption of primary bedding owing to differential compaction around chert nodules. The Goodwin yields a well-grouped characteristic magnetization that can be no younger than Early Triassic; because this magnetization is not affected by the stylolitic compaction, however, the magnetization could not have been acquired penecontemporaneously with deposition ut rather must reflect remagnetization. In turn, the paleomagnetic data show that the stylolites had formed by Early Triassic time at the latest and were not affected by Mesozoic thrusting or Cenozoic Basin-and-Range deformation.
A new approach to electron–electron interactions in strongly correlated systems at arbitrary spin-polarization and temperature

Abstract The uniform electron fluid is the reference model for density functional calculations. Even for this system, many-body perturbation theory, and related methods become questionable when the density parameter rs exceeds unity. Hence, quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulation has been almost the only applicable method. We review a new approach, which uses a mapping of the quantum fluid to a classical Coulomb fluid, based on density-functional concepts. It is applicable at finite temperatures and arbitrary spin polarizations as well, and correctly recovers even the logarithmic terms in the exchange and correlations energies close to T=0. We show by detailed comparison with available QMC data that the method yields accurate pair-distribution functions, spin-dependent energies, static local-field factors, Landau parameter-based quantities like m ∗ and g ∗ , for strongly coupled electron fluids.
The two faces of serotonin in bone biology

The serotonin molecule has some remarkable properties. It is synthesized by two different genes at two different sites, and, surprisingly, plays antagonistic functions on bone mass accrual at these two sites. When produced peripherally, serotonin acts as a hormone to inhibit bone formation. In contrast, when produced in the brain, serotonin acts as a neurotransmitter to exert a positive and dominant effect on bone mass accrual by enhancing bone formation and limiting bone resorption. The effect of serotonin on bone biology could be harnessed pharmacologically to treat diseases such as osteoporosis.
Default mode network dysfunction in adults with prenatal alcohol exposure

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is known to cause significant cognitive and attentional dysfunction. Given the relationship between default mode network (DMN) activity and task-related attentional modulation, it is possible that PAE affects activity of this network. In the present study, task-related deactivation as well as structural and resting state functional connectivity of the DMN were examined using diffusional tensor imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging in non-dysmorphic and dysmorphic PAE populations and compared to healthy controls. The dysmorphic PAE group was found to have reduced DMN deactivation as compared to controls, indicating poorer attentional modulation during the cognitive task. Additionally, structural connectivity and baseline functional connectivity were lower in both PAE groups as compared to controls. Primarily the findings suggest that learning problems seen with PAE may be a combination of general attentional and specific cognitive deficits. A secondary implication is that DMN activity is affected to varying extents depending on the degree of PAE.
Interval appendectomy after perforated appendicitis: what are the operative risks and luminal patency rates?

Background: The need for interval appendectomy after nonoperative management of a perforated appendicitis is being questioned owing to recent studies that estimated recurrence rates as low as 5% because of obliteration of the appendiceal lumen. We review our experience with interval appendectomy in this subset of patients to determine the postoperative outcomes and luminal patency rates. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of all children treated nonoperatively for a perforated appendicitis followed by elective interval appendectomy during the past 10 years. The data collected included initial hospitalization, convalescence period, perioperative course, and luminal patency rates.
EFFECTS OF PREMEDICATION ON DIPRIVAN INDUCTION

The effects of three premeditation regimens were compared in 45 healthy patients in whom anaesthesia was induced with diprivan 2mgkg-1 i.v Premedication with diazepam 10 mg orally and droperidol 2.5–5 Omg and piritramide 7.5–15.0 mg i.m. resulted in less pain on injection and a more profound sleep fro M. Dipnvan than premedication with diazepam 10 mg orally or no premedication. No differences in speed of induction were found when cessation of counting was used as a sign of unconsciousness. When the loss of eyelash reflex was used to define unconsciousness, the oral and i.m. premedication provided quicker induction after diprivan (39.3±2 9s) than no premedication (53.7±3.0s) (P
Selecting Delinquents for Adjudication An Analysis of Intake Screening Decisions in Two Metropolitan Juvenile Courts

This paper examines the influence of discriminatory factors and legal criteria on intake officers' decisions to treat a case formally versus informally in two juvenile courts which differ in their legal philosophy (therapeutic v. due process). Because earlier research on intake decision making has been charac terized by inadequate analytic techniques, this study analyzes multivariate relationships among qualitative variables using Goodman's method of log-lin ear analysis to identify the factors related to intake decisions in the Denver and Memphis juvenile courts. No support is found for the contention that race and class bias affect this decision in either court. Rather, our data indicate that sex, court philosophy, and type of offense have the most influence on the intake unit's case treatment decision. Prior record and being idle versus employed/in school were also found to influence this decision. The inconsistent findings of previous research are attributed to methodological inadequacies.
The NIMH MATRICS Initiative: Development of a Consensus Cognitive Battery

ABSTRACTA key obstacle to the development of new drugs to treat the cognitive deficits of schizophrenia was the absence of a standard by which to measure their efficacy. Before granting approval for any new drug for this condition, the US Food and Drug Administration wanted a standard cognitive endpoint based on a broad consensus-based method. To address this obstacle, the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) intiative oversaw a process to develop a consensus neurocognitive battery. Its development included a ten-step process that is described in this article.
Improvements in sleep-related symptoms after endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background Sleep impairment is highly prevalent in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Although endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) has been shown to improve overall patient-reported sleep quality, the postoperative impact on individual sleep symptoms remains unclear. Methods Patients with medically-recalcitrant CRS who elected to undergo ESS were prospectively enrolled into a multi-institutional, observational cohort study. Sleep-related symptom severity and treatment outcomes were assessed using the sleep domain questions within the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22). Results A total of 334 participants met criteria and were followed postoperatively for an average of 14.5 ± 4.9 months (mean ± standard deviation [SD]). Mean SNOT-22 sleep domain scores improved from 13.7 ± 6.8 to 7.7 ± 6.6 (p < 0.001). Significant mean relative improvements were reported for “difficulty falling asleep” (45%; p < 0.001), “waking up at night” (40%; p < 0.001), “lack of a good night's sleep” (43%; p < 0.001), “waking up tired” (40%; p < 0.001), and “fatigue” (42%; p < 0.001) scores. A total of 66% of study participants reported postoperative improvement in “lack of a good night's sleep,” “waking up tired,” and “fatigue”; 62% reported improvement in “waking up at night”; and 58% reported improvement in “difficulty falling asleep.” Conclusion Patients with CRS report significant and sustained improvements following ESS in common sleep-related symptoms as assessed by the SNOT-22 sleep domain. Despite these significant improvements, some degree of persistent postoperative sleep impairment was reported. Further study is necessary to determine what factors are associated with continued sleep dysfunction after sinus surgery.
Peter Woodson (B)

A year after the A case (UVA-OB-0390), Peter Woodson faces a terminal illness. See also the C case, UVA-OB-0392.
Microwave Synthesis of Lead-Barium Titanate

Since the volatilization of lead oxides is inevitable at high temperatures, the problems of maintaining stoichiometry and air pollution are of great concern in conventional synthesis of lead-barium titanate. We have demonstrated that the reaction between PbO, BaO and TiO2 could be greatly accelerated by using microwave energy. The synthesis of (PbxBa1-x)TiO3 can be completed in 10 minutes at about 750°C by microwave heating, while it takes at least 2 hours at 850°C in a conventional heating. The weight loss of PbO during microwave synthesis was much less than that in conventional synthesis. Thus the microwave synthesis technique may find wide applications for the preparation of various lead-containing materials in the production of electronic ceramics.
A STUDY ON SYMMETRY AND ENFORCEMENT METHOD IN VARIABLE TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION

Two methods for enforcing spatial symmetry in In topology design optimization, various problem variable topology material layout design optimization formulations exist, but they can be broadly categoare implemented and studied. It is considered that rized into two general classes of methods: (1) relaxed asymmetrical design solutions are caused not only by formulations involving mixtures of assumed paramnumerical roundoff errors but also by the basic nature eterized micro-morphologies [ 1,2,5]; and (2) heurisof alternative topology design formulations. In this tic continuous formulations which use mixing rules paper, emphasis is placed on methods to control or that assume and involve no microstructure [3,4,6]. In stabilize the topology design formulations and the this paper, both symmetry control methods were characteristics of the two approaches are investi- studied using microstructure free formulations,
Assessing the Impact of Short-Term Supermarket Strategy Variables:

The authors examine the relative importance of temporary price reductions, display alternatives, and newspaper advertising to unit sales of supermarket products. The research was conducted as an in...
Factors Affecting Clergy-Psychologist Referral Patterns:

Recent research on clergy-psychologist collaboration has resulted in helpful principles for clergy and psychologists working together, but very little is known about what specific characteristics i...