cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Agile services and analysis framework for autonomous and autonomic critical infrastructure

Many cyber physical systems have little or no cybersecurity mechanisms due to their limited computing capabilities or their history of running on isolated networks. As these systems have become interconnected and connected to corporate networks, they have become more vulnerable to cyberattacks. Providing cyber physical systems with autonomic properties will allow them to become more self-aware and react in near real time to attacks and failures. Testing these systems for their susceptibility to intelligent attacks is also needed to provide assurance of their resilience. This paper describes two approaches to providing assurances to cyber physical systems. The first approach retrofits industrial control systems with autonomic properties that will allow them to automatically detect and recover from cyberattacks and other failures through the use of microservices that reconfigure the systems dynamically during attacks or failures. The second approach uses intelligent agents in a modeling and simulation framework to test the resiliency of autonomous unmanned aerial systems. Agents are orchestrated using a range of algorithms and subjected to stressful environments to measure the efficiency and safety of their operations in a simulate multi-UAS air-traffic control problem.
Improving the function of a high obesity program: Findings from community-engaged Mississippi Delta focus groups

In this policy and practice brief, Mississippi State University Extension Services applies a coalition-driven approach to addressing the prevalence of obesity in communities in the Mississippi Delta through its High Obesity Program, funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Focus groups were conducted with coali­tion members from six counties to evaluate efforts by this program. The evaluation team used content and thematic analysis to report on coalition activi­ties. Some the barriers coalition members identified were limited access to healthy foods and the need for more assistance from program staff. Action items were developed and implemented in re­sponse to focus group feedback. These items included enhanced communication tools and coalition trainings. This evaluation brief describes some of the common challenges in coalition build­ing and innovative ways to improve them. Our focus group findings are also valuable to public health scientists and practitioners working in rural communities.
The Eigenvector-Eigenvalue Identity and Radar Polarimetry

Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the polarimetric covariance or coherency matrices play an integral role either directly or indirectly in the analysis and classification of radar polarimetric data. Since these matrices are hermitian their eigenvalues are real and are found simply as the roots of the characteristic polynomial of these matrices. Given an eigenvalue of a matrix a corresponding eigenvector can be found by solving a system of linear equations. There is an interesting and not well known identity, called the eigenvector-eigenvalue identity, that relates the magnitude of the components of an eigenvector to the eigenvalues of the minors of an hermitian matrix. This identity has been rediscovered many times and was recently highlighted in the blog of Fields Medalist Terrance Tao and in a subsequent article. In this paper we illustrate the use of the eigenvector-eigenvalue identity in the context of radar polarimetry using a vegetation model developed by Van Zyl, Arii and Kim. It seems very apropos to dedicate an article emphasizing eigenvectors and eigenvalues in radar polarimetry to the memory of Jakob Van Zyl as these played such a central role in his research.
Glucose administration attenuates hypothermia-induced retrograde amnesia in rats in a time- and dose-dependent manner

It is well established that posttraining administrations of glucose enhance memory in a time- and dose-dependent manner. More recently, glucose has also been found to attenuate scopolamine-induced anterograde amnesia, displaying the same time- and dose-response characteristics (Stone et al., 1988). In the present study, the use of glucose as an agent for alleviation of hypothermia-induced retrograde amnesia was examined. In each experiment, animals were given a single trial of passive avoidance conditioning. Retrograde amnesia was induced through hypothermia immediately following training. All injections were given immediately following hypothermia treatment, and tests for fear retention were administered 24 h following training. In Experiment 1, the dose-response effects of glucose (10, 100, or 400 mg/kg) were examined; in Experiment 2, the time-dependent effect of 100 mg/kg of glucose administered immediately, 1, or 2 h after hypothermia was examined. The results show that glucose injections attenuate retrograde amnesia in both a dose- and time-dependent manner. These results coincide with the growing body of evidence supporting the memory-modulating effects of glucose.
The NF-kappa B binding sites in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat are not required for virus infectivity.

Abstract Mutations were introduced into the regulatory sequences in the long terminal repeat of an infectious molecular clone of the human immunodeficiency virus. Viruses in which the NF-kappa B binding sites were deleted or ones in which one or two Sp1 binding sites were mutated still replicated efficiently in human T lymphocytes. A deletion of the two NF-kappa B sites plus the three Sp1 sites or a mutation of the tat-responsive region rendered the virus replication incompetent. Thus, the NF-kappa B sequences are not required for human immunodeficiency virus infectivity; however, a tat-responsive region is essential.
Distortion-product otoacoustic emission monitoring of cochlear blood flow.

Distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) have been shown to be ideally sensitive to interruptions of the cochlear blood flow. However, a 15- to 30-second latency typically occurs between cessation of circulation and measurable DPOAE level changes. DPOAEs can also be characterized by phase measures. The aim of the present study was to determine in 10 rabbits the effects on DPOAE phase of repetitively compressing the internal auditory artery. In contrast to the delays measured by DPOAE level, phase changes were detected 1 to 5 seconds after internal auditory artery compression. These data suggest that the essentially real time monitoring of cochlear function with DPOAE phase can be used to ensure hearing preservation during surgery involving the porus acousticus and skull base.
Clearance of Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis from Mammals

The maximum recovery period following topical ocular instillation and intraperitoneal injection of two preparations of Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis de Barjac and two preparations of Bacillus sphaericus 2362 was evaluated in rabbits and mice. B. sphaericus 2362 persisted for 8 wk after administration to the conjunctival cul-de-sac of rabbits; B. thuringiensis ssp. israelensis persisted for 1 wk. Infection was not evident, but both entomopathogens were recovered from flushed and unflushed eyes. High doses of B. sphaericus 2362 (greater than or equal to 10(8) colony-forming units) were toxic to CD-1 mice, and the toxic factor was heat stable. Injection of 10(7) colony-forming units of B. sphaericus 2362 resulted in clearance from the spleens of euthymic and athymic mice. Recovery occurred up to 67 d after injection. Mice failed to remove one preparation of B. thuringiensis ssp. israelensis from their spleen, and a constant number of colony-forming units were recovered for 80 d. B. sphaericus 2362 and B. thuringiensis ssp. israelensis were recovered from heart blood; their disappearance from heart blood coincided with their clearance from the spleen. There was no evidence that either organism was infectious. We conclude that these organisms can be used safely in environments where human exposure might occur.
A heuristic grouping procedure for component family formation in a cellular manufacturing environment

Abstract A heuristic clustering procedure is introduced for grouping purposes in a cellular manufacturing environment. The procedure uses the concepts of “edge-cut” and “cut-set” of graph theory in combination with a similarity measure to group the objects. An experiment was conducted to compare twelve different variations of the procedure when used for component family identification. Two measures of performance are used to select the most suitable variation of the procedure and a numerical example is given for the variation.
Threats to the Validity of the Interpretation and Conveyance of Forensic Neuropsychological Results

There are numerous threats to the validity of the interpretation and conveyance of forensic neuropsychological evaluation results. This article addresses a number of common threats, and uses them to illustrate ethical issues and potential means to reduce the threat to validity. An emphasis on ethical concerns and the potential resolution of these issues is offered.
THE PRODUCTION OF BaO-TiO2 FIBERS VIA INVISCID MELT-SPINNING (IMS)

Abstract Fibers ranging in diameter from 75-200 μm were produced directly from a 46.9 wt% BaO, 53.1 wt% TiO2 eutectic composition melt (M.P. = 1315°C) via Inviscid Melt-Spinning (IMS). These filaments are shown through X-ray diffraction and SEM to be polycrystalline in nature. Inspection by SEM indicates that the fibers show a significant degree of porosity.
The power of flexibility

I t seems that afmost everyone today is talking about the need to be flexible and adaptable to survive in the global marketplace. Tom Peters ( 19901, just one of those who have expressed such feelings, says that only those who are ready to confront and master change each day will thrive in the 1990s and beyond. The time when doing one thing well was good enough for career security is fading fast. Times are tough. Managers no longer expect greater commitment and involvement from their personnel-they need them. Simply being a cog in the corporation does not make sense when continuous improvement and continuous learning are the only survival tools. Change will be the only constant in most work lives. David Birch, the economist, says the average college graduate should expect to hold no less than 10 to 12 jobs in three to five different fields in the future (Peters 1990). If anything like this becomes reality, we could expect to see a need for perpetual upgrading of skills. Regardless of whether Birch’s assessment is true, one trend certain to have a dramatic impact on the need for highly flexible people is the continuous flattening of the organizational pyramid. As organizations become flatter, more people at the bottom will need to be “empowered” so they can increase their contributions to the firm. And this empowerment can only occur when employees are allowed to assume a wide range of responsibilities.
Transmission image aids in diagnosis of hiatus hernia during gastric emptying study.

A patient with dysphagia showed an unusual position and shape of the stomach during a gastric emptying study. A transmission image that was obtained by placing a flat Co-57 source behind the patient permitted unequivocal diagnosis of a hiatus hernia with marked food retention, which was later confirmed by other imaging modalities. This index case provides strong support for the use of transmission imaging for anatomic definition in unusual patterns observed on gastrointestinal scintigraphy.
Why Virginity Pledges Succeed or Fail: The Moderating Effect of Religious Commitment Versus Religious Participation

Over the past two decades, virginity pledges have proliferated in the US, despite mixed results regarding their effectiveness. Few studies have examined possible mechanisms that may shed light on why pledges work for some individuals but not others. Using a sample of emerging-adults aged 18–24 years old (n = 1,380), we examine the influence of religiosity on pledge signing and adherence, specifically whether the effectiveness of pledges is moderated by religiosity. Findings show that while religious participation is positively associated with signing a pledge, there is a moderating effect of religious commitment. That is, when religious commitment is high, adherence to the pledge is greater. However, for pledge signers with low religious commitment, there are unintended negative consequences with regard to increased participation in risky sexual behaviors, whether compared to other people who signed the pledge who are equally committed to their religion or to individuals who have never taken such a pledge. Implications for research and policy are discussed.
A Bayesian Analysis of MHD Waves in the Lower Atmosphere

Magneto-hydrodynamic wave modes propagating from the solar photosphere into the corona have the potential to be exploited as an observational tool in an analogous way to the use of acoustic waves in helio/terrestrial seismology. In regions of strong magnetic field photospheric p-modes are thought to undergo mode conversion to slow magneto-acoustic waves, and that these slow magnetoacoustic p-modes may be waveguided from the photosphere into the solar corona along the magnetic field. A Bayesian analysis technique is applied to observations which suggests four distinct p-modes may be resolved in the transition region.
High-speed formal verification of heterogeneous coherence hierarchies

As more heterogeneous architecture solutions continue to emerge, coherence solutions tailored for these architectures will become mandatory. Coherence hierarchies will likely continue to be prevalent in future large-scale shared memory architectures. However, past experience has shown that hierarchical coherence protocol design is a non-trivial problem, especially when considering the verification effort required to guarantee correctness. While some strategies do exist for verification of homogenous coherence hierarchies, support for reasonable verification of heterogeneous coherence hierarchies is currently unavailable. Ideally, hierarchical coherence protocols composed of `building block' protocols should be able to take advantage of incremental verification to side step the state-space explosion problem which hampers any large-scale verification effort. In this work, we prove this can be accomplished through the use of the Manager-Client Pairing (MCP) framework, which provides encapsulation and permission checking support that enables a form of state-space symmetry. When combined with an inductive proof, this ensures the validation properties of proper permission distribution and livelock/deadlock freedom are enforced by any hierarchical composition of MCP compliant protocols. Demonstration of this methodology through the MurPhi formal verifier shows several orders of magnitude improvement in verification cost compared to full hierarchy verification.
Hemorrhagic Bullae After Cryosurgery in a Patient With Hemophilia A

BACKGROUND. A case of hemorrhagic bullae and blisters on the hand of a patient with hemophilia A after cryosurgery for verruca vulgaris is reported. OBJECTIVE. To discuss a hemorrhagic complication in a patient with hemophilia A after cutaneous cryosurgery. METHODS. This is an observatory case report. RESULTS. Even minimal cryosurgery can induce hemorrhagic bullae in patients with hemophilia A. CONCLUSION. The risks and benefits of cryosurgery should be weighed carefully in patients with bleeding disorders such as hemophilia.
Poster — Thur Eve — 38: Feasibility of a Table‐Top Total Body Irradiation Technique using Robotic Couch Motion

Purpose: To develop and test the feasibility of a table-top implementation for total body irradiation (TBI) via robotic couch motion and coordinated monitor unit modulation on a standard C-arm linac geometry. Methods: To allow for collision free delivery and to maximize the effective field size, the couch was rotated to 270° IEC and dropped to 150 cm from the vertical radiation source. The robotic delivery was programmed using the TrueBeam STx Developer Mode using custom XML scripting. To assess the dosimetry of a sliding 30×20 cm2 field, irradiation on a solid water phantom of varying thickness was analyzed using EDR2 radiographic film and OSLDs. Beam modulation was achieved by dividing the couch path into multiple segments of varying dose rates and couch speeds in order to deliver 120 cGy to the midline. Results: The programmed irradiation in conjunction with coordinated couch motion was successfully delivered on a TrueBeam linac. When no beam modulation was employed, the dose difference between two different phantom sections was 17.0%. With simple beam modulation via changing dose rates and couch speeds, the desired prescription dose can be achieved at the centre of each phantom section within 1.9%. However, dose deviation at the junction was 9.2% due to the nonphysical change in the phantom thickness. Conclusions: The feasibility of robotic table-top TBI on a C-arm linac geometry was experimentally demonstrated. To achieve a more uniform dose distribution, inverse-planning allowing for a combination of dose rate modulation, jaw tracking and MLC motion is under investigation.
Homologous recombination is elevated in some Werner-like syndromes but not during normal in vitro or in vivo senescence of mammalian cells

Werner syndrome (WS) is a recessive genetic condition associated with markedly reduced replicative lifespans of cells in culture, high chromosomal instability in vivo and in vitro, and premature appearance of many characteristics of normal aging, including an increased incidence of cancer. We have monitored plasmid homologous recombination frequencies in diploid fibroblasts from 6 Werner or Werner-like syndrome patients, following transfection with a plasmid substrate containing 2 overlapping fragments of the TN5 Neor gene. Plasmid DNA recovered from these cells was then assayed for homologous recombination by (a) transformation of recA− bacteria to Ampr (indicating total viable plasmid) or Neor (indicating viable recombinant plasmid), and (b) by limited-cycle polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to co-amplify a recombinant fragment containing the overlap region, and a control region of the same plasmid, without bacterial transformation. Bacterial assay data indicated that recombination rates in 3 of the 6 WS strains were significantly elevated above normal controls; 4 of 6 appeared elevated by PCR assay. The highest-recombination WS strain showed evidence of reduced degradation of transfected plasmid DNA. For this small sample of WS strains, clinical severity of WS was not well correlated with recombination rate as determined by either assay (Pearson r=0.78, not significant, for PCR assay); elevated recombination may, however, define a subset of WS at greatest risk for cancer and/or atherosclerosis. PCR assay of a hyperoxia-resistant HeLa cell line, displaying substantially increased chromosome breakage, indicated increased recombination between direct-repeat fragments. Nevertheless, elevated recombination in WS strains is unlikely to be secondary to impaired replicative capacity characteristic of WS cells, or to defective repair of chromosome damage which is increased in WS, since recombination in non-WS strains was unaffected by passage level or repeated UV irradiation.
The asymptotic number of tree-rooted maps on a surface

Let S be a surface. We asymptotically enumerate two classes of n-edged maps on S as N → ∞: tree-rooted and tree-rooted smooth. These results are based on a system of equations enumerating single vertex maps and on a relation found by Walsh and Lehman for the case of orientable surfaces between tree-rooted and single vertex maps.
Antibacterial mesh sling: a prospective outcome analysis.

Abstract Objectives. To prospectively assess the outcome results of the Gore-Tex antibacterial mesh sling in women with pelvic prolapse and stress incontinence. Methods. Between July 1997 and November 1998, 30 women with stress incontinence and vaginal prolapse underwent vaginal reconstruction with the antibacterial mesh sling. All patients had documented stress incontinence by preoperative urodynamic evaluation. Postoperatively, we conducted an outcome analysis on the basis of the results from a self-reported satisfaction questionnaire, a detailed pelvic examination, a cough stress test, and the Q-tip test. Urodynamic studies were performed on patients with persistent stress incontinence or urge symptoms. Cystoscopy was performed on patients suspected of having urethral erosion. Results. Complete follow-up was available for all 30 patients. Of the group, 12 (40.0%) of 30 underwent implantation of the antibacterial mesh sling alone and 18 (60.0%) underwent additional prolapse repair. The mean follow-up was 18 months (range 9 to 24); mean age was 58 years (range 29 to 87). Stress incontinence was cured in 28 (93.3%) of 30 patients. De novo urge incontinence developed in 1 (5.2%) of 18 patients; urge symptoms persisted in 5 (41.7%) of 12 patients. The postoperative mean Valsalva Q-tip angle was 15° (range 0° to 25°). The incidence of urethral obstruction and erosion was zero. The mean postoperative pain score was 3 of 10 (range 0 to 6), and the mean satisfaction score was 9 of 10 (range 7 to 10). The mean time to discharge was 21 hours (range 6 to 29). All 30 women (100%) were willing to undergo surgery again. Conclusions. The safety profile of the Gore-Tex antibacterial mesh is better than that of the conventional Gore-Tex sling. When meticulous surgical technique is used, excellent short-term results can be achieved in the correction of female stress incontinence.
High/Low States in Magnetic Cataclysmic Variables

We present long-term photometry of five magnetic cataclysmic variables (MCVs) that displayed pronounced VY Scl–like low states during the interval 1990–2004. A total of 43 transitions to and from the low states are analyzed and compared with the properties of disk VY Scl transitions from an earlier study. We find that the speeds and shapes of the transitions of both disk and magnetic systems above the CV period gap suggest that the low states are due to starspots on the secondary star drifting in front of the L1 point. For systems below the gap, the characteristics of the transitions point to X-ray irradiation on the L1 point for the cause of the low states. Our results are in accord with the nature of the secondary star, which is expected to be fully convective for systems below the gap. Finally, unresolved flaring events present in the low states of the MCVs in our sample are attributed to activity on the secondary, indicating that these secondaries are indeed chromospherically active.
Expression analysis of a cold responsive transcript from trifoliate orange by real-time PCR and RT-PCR

CLTa and CLTb are two transcripts produced by the citrus CLT gene. CLTb is constitutively expressed, while CLTa is a low temperature responsive transcript expressed in temperatures below 10°C during the acclimation process of some species of citrus. Real-time PCR was used to study CLTa expression pattern in trifoliate orange during acclimation, gradual deacclimation and abrupt deacclimation. A standard curve of nine dilution series from 10×106 to 10×10−3 fg was constructed, using part of the CLTa transcript, which enabled us to determine the concentration of the transcript at different temperatures and conditions. It was found that during acclimation, CLTa expression is first detected at 10°C, reaching a maximum after 24 h of exposure at −1°C. During gradual deacclimation, the transcript accumulated at 5°C and after this point it degrades, reaching a low level at 10°C. When the plants were abruptly transferred to room temperature after being acclimated to −1°C, the transcript reduced from 11,303 fg to levels below the threshold 3 h later, indicating a rapid degradation and how the expression of CLTa is dependent on low temperature. Exposure of trifoliate plants to abscisic acid (ABA) and salts indicated that CLTa is not induced by these treatments at the concentrations used. CLTa expression was also verified in other citrus species and was not detected in the acclimated cold-sensitive species “Mexican lime” (Citrus aurantifolia Swing.) and in the cold hardy “Satsuma mandarin (C. unchiu Marc.).
An Analysis of the Kinetic Energy Budget for Two Extratropical Cyclones: The Vertically Averaged Flow and the Vertical Shear Flow

Abstract An analysis of the kinetic energy budget is made for two intensely developing cyclones over North America. The principal kinetic energy source for the first cyclone is the net horizontal transport of kinetic energy across the boundaries of the region enclosing the cyclone. For the second cyclone, it is the local kinetic energy generation. By investigating the kinetic energy budget of the vertically averaged flow (barotropic part) and the vertical shear flow (baroclinic part) it is found that the horizontal transport contribution to the kinetic energy budget of the first cyclone is evenly divided between the barotropic and baroclinic components. However, the kinetic energy generation is the dominant energy source of the second cyclone, and the horizontal transport is an energy sink. The vertical shear kinetic energy reservoir did not act as a “catalyst” as in hemispheric studies but varied during cyclone development.
Failure of 40 weeks of brisk walking to alter blood lipids in normolipemic women.

Sedentary, eumenorrheic women (N = 27) 22 to 40 years of age, with high baseline levels of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, were randomly assigned to a walking (n = 16) or a control group (n = 11). The training program involved treadmill walking 4.8 km (3.0 miles) four times a week for 40 weeks at a mean intensity of 72% maximal heart rate. Aerobic power (VO2max) was improved by 22%, but no training effect was observed in body composition variables or blood lipid/lipoprotein levels. Despite additional increments in exercise intensity over the final 20 weeks of training, most of the improvement in VO2max was observed over the first 20 weeks of the study. Exercising subjects' baseline levels of plasma HDL-C were found to be inversely associated with the change (delta) scores in the lipoprotein (r = -0.51, p < or = .05).
Histone or bacterial basic protein required for replication of bacteriophage RNA.

IN spite of the apparent simplicity of RNA bacteriophage, several proteins, both phage and bacterial, are required for the synthesis of Qβ RNA in vitro. The polymerase complex alone contains one phage-coded and three host proteins1,2. The specific role of these proteins in Qβ RNA replication is unknown, but because they demonstrate an associative interaction and are always found with active enzyme, it has been suggested that all four contribute to polymerase activity1.
Investigation of the Swelling Response and Loading of Ionic Microgels with Drugs and Proteins: The Dependence on Cross-Link Density

The pH and NaCl induced swelling response and drug and protein loading of poly(methacrylic acid-co-acrylic acid) microgels (4−10 μm diameter) were measured as a function of cross-link density. The swelling ratio (Q) of the microgels increased linearly from 2 to 12 when the mole fraction of cross-linking monomer decreased from 0.25 to 0.10 (at pH's > 5.3). In the presence of 5 M NaCl (at pH's > 5.3), microgels with cross-linking feed ratios of 0.25 and 0.10 swelled to only 80% and 60% of their maximum volume measured at low ionic strength, respectively. To determine the average pore size in the different cross-linking density microgels (feed ratios = 0.25, 0.20, 0.15, and 0.10), we measured the size cutoffs for the uptake of different sized proteins. On the basis of these size exclusion experiments, we calculated the number of monomers between cross-links in each of these gels to be 6.5, 9.5, 12.5, and 16.5, respectively. These values were used in our theoretical modeling of the network swelling (modified ...
Ocular pharmacokinetics of acyclovir amino acid ester prodrugs in the anterior chamber: evaluation of their utility in treating ocular HSV infections.

Purpose To evaluate in vivo corneal absorption of the amino acid prodrugs of acyclovir (ACV) using a topical well model and microdialysis in rabbits.
What Is So Bad About a Hemoglobin Level of 12 to 13 g/dL for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Anyway?

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) clearly indicate a possible cardiovascular morbidity and mortality risk when deliberately targeting a normal hemoglobin (Hb) concentration of 13 to 15 g/dL. By contrast, observational studies point to greater hospitalization and mortality at Hb levels
Europium(III) complexation with thiocyanate in aqueous methanol

Abstract The stability constants for the complex between Eu(III) and thiocyanate were measured at 15, 20, 25, and 37 °C in water–methanol mixtures. In water, the complexation enthalpy and entropy are modestly positive indicating that there is a mixture of inner and outer sphere complexes.
Time and Weather Effects on Daily Feeding Patterns of Stable Flies (Diptera: Muscidae)

Hourly counts of stable flies feeding on cattle, and concurrent weather measurements, were used to describe daily feeding patterns and to estimate effects of temperature, radiation, wind, and humidity on feeding responses. Daily feeding patterns in Nebraska were consistently unimodal, with maximum rates occurring at midday. In the prevailing summer conditions, flies appeared to engorge once or less per day, and feeding rates were partially determined by time, regardless of weather. Several methods were developed for estimating daily cumulative feeding rates for unimodal patterns from one or more independent counts of feeding flies. Consideration of time improved precision of estimates by a factor of four. Effects of weather were estimated by a function, H , which expressed feeding rates in proportion to numbers of flies that had not previously fed during the day. Time was always the most important variable and increased H exponentially. Increasing temperature independently increased H to a maximum at about 33.2°C, with 10 and 50% of the maximum at 19.7 and 25.8°C, respectively. Increasing radiation and decreasing relative humidity both reduced feeding responses, and because of their correlations with temperature, decreased relative feeding rates at high temperatures and increased them at low temperatures. Wind interacted with radiation and relative humidity so that the more drying combinations of these variables always decreased relative feeding activity.
Facile preparation of symmetric bilirubins IIIα and XIIIα from IXα

Improved, simple precedures for synthesis and isolation of symmetrically substituted bilirubin-XIIIα and bilirubin-IIIα from the natural pigment, bilirubin-IXα, are described.
Fifteen-Year Outcome of Displaced Intra-Articular Fractures of the Distal Radius

Purpose We previously reported the functional and radiographic outcomes of 21 young adults at an average of 7 years after open reduction and internal fixation of an intra-articular distal radius fracture (original study). The purpose of the current investigation was to evaluate the same cohort at an average of 15 years after surgery to evaluate the effect of additional time on both function and radiographic appearance. Methods We re-evaluated 16 of the original patients at an average of 15 years after surgery. Subjective assessment was performed with the Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment and the Hand Function Sort questionnaires. Objective assessment included a detailed physical examination and strength measurement. Standardized radiographs and computed tomography were used to assess wrist morphology, residual articular step and gap displacement, and the presence and degree of arthrosis. Results Subjectively patients continued to function at a high level at the last follow-up evaluation: the average Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment score was 10 and 14 of the 16 patients functioned at a high level according to the Hand Function Sort. Strength and range of motion remained essentially unchanged from the original report. Radiocarpal arthrosis was noted in 13 of the 16 wrists and joint space was reduced an additional 67% compared with the 7-year follow-up evaluation. Nonetheless there continued to be no correlation between the presence or degree of arthrosis and upper-extremity function. Conclusions Radiocarpal arthrosis after intra-articular distal radius fractures can be expected to worsen over time. Despite joint space narrowing and evidence of advanced arthrosis, however, patients maintained a high level of function at the long-term follow-up evaluation. Type of study/level of evidence Prognostic, Level II.
Distinctive changes in end-diastolic wall thickness and postsystolic thickening in viable and infarcted myocardium.

Abstract Objectives In this study, we sought to compare the magnitude of changes in end-diastolic wall thickness (WT ed ) and postsystolic thickening (PST) in a swine model of stunning and reperfused acute myocardial infarction, and to explore the relationship between WT ed and PST. Methods Twenty-six pigs were subjected to left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by reperfusion to induce stunning (n = 6), nontransmural (n = 8), or transmural (n = 12) myocardial infarction. Myocardial wall thickness was measured using intracardiac echocardiography. Transmural extent of necrosis (TEN) was quantified by triphenyltetrazolium chloride technique. Results During the first minutes of reperfusion, a marked increase in WT ed occurred in the myocardial walls with nontransmural and transmural infarct (42% and 102%, respectively) but less in those with stunning (19%). PST persisted at reperfusion in walls with stunning and nontransmural infarct (23% and 26%, respectively). In transmurally infarcted walls, PST progressively decreased either during occlusion (5/12 pigs) or shortly after reperfusion (7/12 pigs). PST at reperfusion was virtually absent when TEN was >70%. Both PST and the increase in WT ed at reperfusion correlated well with TEN ( P ed . Conclusions A marked increase in WT ed after reperfusion and absence of PST indicate transmural myocardial infarction. Presence of PST at reperfusion indicates viable tissue in more than 30% of wall thickness. The results suggest that amplitude of PST is modulated predominately by factors related to the severity of ischemia and, to a smaller extent, by changes in wall thickness.
Abstract 503: Mammary fibroblasts induce hormone-independent growth in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells via an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in a 3D cell culture model.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC The majority of breast cancers diagnosed in the United States are estrogen receptor positive (ER+). These patients may respond to targeted endocrine therapies, but up to 30% of patients experience a cancer recurrence. We hypothesized that the molecular interaction of ER+ breast cancer cells with mammary fibroblasts might lead to endocrine resistance and, eventually, breast cancer relapse. We developed a three-dimensional (3D) co-culture model representing cancer cell-fibroblast interactions during early tumor invasion. We show that the proliferation of MCF7 ER+ cells switches from hormone-dependent to growth factor-dependent in the presence of human mammary fibroblasts. Further, we determine that this transition is associated with gene and protein hallmarks of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumor cells, in particular upregulation of SNAIL and SLUG mRNA and loss of E-Cadherin protein. We identified the secreted proteins that arise from epithelial-fibroblast interactions in this system using an antibody-based array. The proteins secreted into the conditioned medium are sufficient to induce EMT markers in primary normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs). Our report demonstrates that estrogen receptor activity is dynamic and therefore is not best assessed with immunohistochemical techniques alone. For the facile and rapid determination of ER activity in a clinical setting, we propose the use of an emerging imaging method, highly sensitive label-free Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging. We validate this technology in predicting endocrine sensitivity in breast cancer here, by detecting significant changes in spectroscopic peaks correlated with proliferation and metabolism of MCF7 cells grown in 3D culture. (Supported by grants from The Breast Cancer Research Foundation to BSK, DOD postdoctoral fellowship W81XWH-09-1-0398 to AB, NIH NCI Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer ‘Midwest Cancer Nanotechnology Training Center R25 CA154015A to SEH, and National Institutes of Health RO1CA138882 to RB.) Citation Format: Sarah E. Holton, Anna Bergamaschi, Benita S. Katzenellenbogen, Rohit Bhargava. Mammary fibroblasts induce hormone-independent growth in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells via an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in a 3D cell culture model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 503. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-503
Disposal of Western Fly Ash in the Northern Great Plains

Leachates from western fly ashes are typically alkaline. Our studies indicate a strong correlation between alkalinity of western fly ash leachate and trace element concentrations. Elements of particular concern include As, Se, and Mo. A base neutralization mechanism is operative in all of the overburden types found at mine disposal sites in western North Dakota. Regional geological similarity suggests that this mechanism is operative throughout the Northern Great Plains. Although the mechanisms of neutralization are speculative, laboratory experiments indicate significant neutralization at all levels of base above background levels. Long-term monitoring of fly ash disposal-sites indicates that alkaline neutralization of fly ash leachate is occurring. Further, field data indicate that toxic trace elements (particularly As and Se) in disposal site leachates decrease in concentration as the pH of the leachate is neutralized. Thus, the intrinsic conditions at Northern Great Plains fly ash disposal sites appear to promote significant attenuation of critical toxic elements found in fly ash leachates. Regardless of the pH, leachates in those settings have high concentrations of sodium and sulfate. Western fly ashes are commonly cementitious. Our studies indicate that fly ashes comnonly develop significant strength after several months of burial, particularly if emplaced in an unsaturated disposal setting. Once cementitious reactions have occurred, the fly ashes show little potential for leaching. Thus, a combination of intrinsic disposal-site conditions and the cementitious behavior of the fly ashes suggests that surface-mine disposal of western fly ashes in the Northern Great Plains, assuming proper disposal-site selection, may not cause long-term environmental problems associated with toxic trace elements.
Translating surfaces of the non-parametric mean curvature flow with prescribed contact angle

In this work, we study surfaces over convex regions in ℝ2 which are evolving by the mean curvature flow. Here, we specify the angle of contact of the surface to the boundary cylinder. We prove that solutions converge to ones moving only by translation.
Wide area search munition delivered by the intermediate carriers

This article introduces a new concept of SEAD systems — wide area search munition delivered to the zone of enemy air defense by the expendable intermediate carriers. It is assumed that the expendable intermediate carriers will replace conventional aviation in SEAD missions or at least reduce the risk for conventional aircrafts. Wide area search munition agents (mini-UAVs), delivered by expendable carriers, will extend SEAD actions to the territory controlled by the enemy IADS. The proximity of the enemy radars will increase the effectiveness of the SEAD efforts and allow countering the LPI radars.
On the cenozoic uplift and tectonic stability of the Colorado Plateau

Models of plateau uplift which can be applied to the Colorado Plateau are presented. The sequence and consequences of the 2-km Cenzoic uplift of the Plateau and volcanism and rifting in the adjoining Basin and Range and Southern Rocky Mountain-Rio Grande rift provinces are examined. Geologic and geophysical data suggest that more than one mechanism is required to explain the 2 km of uplift, and that thermal expansion and magmatic crustal thickening are the dominant mechanisms. It is argued that the early Cenzoic stability of the Plateau was related to the relatively cool geotherm and hence high strength of the Plateau lithosphere relative to the adjoining regions. As the Plateau lithosphere has been heated and uplift has occurred, the overall stability of the Plateau has decreased.
Nokia Siemens Networks: Just Doing Business – or Supporting an Oppressive Regime?

This case study examines the relevance of taking social and political factors into consideration when a corporation is making a key business decision. In September 2009, Simon Beresford-Wylie, the outgoing CEO of Nokia Siemens Networks (NSN), was reviewing the company’s achievements – while acknowledging the latest public criticism regarding NSN’s business relationship with the Iranian government. In the summer of 2009, NSN was accused of complicity in human rights violations linked to Iran’s presidential election. The company sold network infrastructure and software solutions to the Iranian government, which then used this technology to observe, block, and control domestic communications. Should NSN have acted differently? Students are asked to examine the economic and moral arguments for and against selling products to an oppressive regime that might then use those products to violate human rights. In such a case, does the corporation bear co-responsibility for human rights violations committed by an oppressive regime?
Social Decision Heuristics in the Use of Shared Resources

The goals of the present study were (1) to demonstrate again that subjects in social decision tasks involving shared resources cannot be modelled as strategic money maximizers, and (2) to investigate further factors that affect the use of what we have called social decision heuristics. Subjects were led to believe that they were the first of six group members to extract points from a common pool of points. Each point extracted could possibly be exchanged for cash. The independent variables were the magnitude of the payoffs that subjects could receive (high vs. low), the divisibility of the resource (divisible vs. nondivisible), the perceived control of the last members over the group's outcomes (fate control vs. no fate control), and subjects' social values (cooperative vs. noncooperative). The results indicated that subjects anchored their decisions on an equal division heuristic. Subjects withdrew the fewest number of points when the resource was divisible, the payoffs were low, and there was fate control. The most points were taken when the resource was nondivisible, the payoffs were high, and subjects were classified as noncooperative. A model of the choice process in this task is discussed.
Security BYOD: Be Your Own Defense

How does a small higher education institution implement security controls to protect sensitive data and at the same time not make end users feel as if they are losing ownership of their computer? Whitman College grappled with this problem for several years and finally found a solution where we can (almost) have it all. Using existing technology and one additional vendor solution we are able to realize our goal of a secure computing environment while maintaining a flexible, friendly user environment.
A process-oriented approach to children's coping with adults' angry behavior

Abstract In today's society substantial numbers of children are exposed to angry home environments. This paper focuses on the effects of anger between adults on children, reviewing findings within the context of a framework for organizing and integrating results within a process model. This framework also serves as a guide for future research. Developmental level or age, sex, and family background and family history emerge as important influences on coping processes. More study is needed on the role of stimulus characteristics and context of anger in responding, stress and coping processes, and the identification of adaptive and maladaptive patterns of responding. Implications of research on this issue to a developmental psychopathology of angry environments are considered.
Interactions between RO 15-4513 and ethanol on brain self-stimulation and locomotor activity in rats.

Abstract Experiments were conducted to elucidate the behavioral effects of RO 15-4513, a putative alcohol antagonist, when administered alone or in combination with alcohol. Two groups of animals were trained to lever-press for brain self-stimulation (ICSS) on either a fixed ratio:15 or a fixed interval:15 second schedule of reinforcement. RO 15-4513 (0.1–3.0 mg/kg) reduced the rate of lever-pressing for ICSS in both groups. RO 15-4513 (1.0 mg/kg) further reduced rates when combined with alcohol (0.1–1.7 g/kg), and this effect was especially marked in the fixed ratio paradigm. Other groups of animals were tested in a locomotor activity apparatus. In contrast to the depression of lever-pressing in the ICSS experiments, RO 15-4513 produced a graded increase in locomotor activity. When combined with alcohol (0.1–1.7 g/kg), 1.0 mg/kg RO 15-4513 also increased locomotor activity. Thus, the depression in schedule-controlled behavior was not associated with a generalized behavioral depression. These results demonstrated that RO 15-4513 has potent behavioral effects of its owm that are consistent with its classification as an anxiogenic compound.
Emergency medical technician (EMT-A) instruction of medical students

In 1977 the Department of Anesthesiology of the Medical College of Virginia coordinated a compulsory 72-hour course for first-year medical students fulfilling all requirements of the Department of Transportation and leading to eligibility for certification of the medical student as an Emergency Medical Technician (EMT-A). We describe the methodology and content of this course, as well as problems encountered and lessons learned. This sound foundation in emergency care concepts will enable the medical student to develop greater competence in critical skills during the clinical years.
Almost Uniform Distributions for Computer Image Enhancement

The use of a gray level transformation which transforms a given empirical distribution function of gray level values in an image into a uniform distribution has been used as an image enhancement as well as for a normalization procedure. This transformation produces a discrete variable whose empirical distribution might be expected to be approximately uniform since it is related to the well known distribution transformation. In this correspondence, an extension of the theorem is given which shows that the theorem "almost" holds for an "almost" continuous input distribution. The application of the discrete distribution transformation to computer image enhancement is considered.
College Student Perceptions of Criminal Justice System Responses to Stalking

In the current study, a survey was administered to 513 U.S. undergraduate college students from a large east coast university to examine whether extra-legal factors influenced their personal judgments of criminal justice system responsiveness to stalking. MANOVA results indicated that students believed police and prosecutors would not treat analogous cases similarly (this bias was not apparent with judges). College students perceived that prior relationship and target/offender gender would impact arrest decisions, and that target/offender gender would also impact police investigations and the filing of criminal charges. Potential explanations and practical implications of these findings are discussed, as well as directions for future research.