cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RADIOGRAPHIC ASPECTS OF GASTRIC ULCERS IN DOGS

This paper is a retrospective analysis of the radiographic appearance of one benign and four malignant gastric ulcers in dogs. The benign gastric was diagnosed radiographically following gastric surgery and was healed at necropsy 28 months after diagnosis. Malignant gastric ulcers were confirmed at surgery and/or necropsy. None of the five ulcers penetrated the normally expected gastric contour. Mucosal fold pattern was either partially or completely effaced with all five ulcers. Undermining appeared to be present asymmetrically in the benign and one malignant ulcer, and symmetrically in one malignant ulcer. Tissue surrounding the ulcers joined the normal gastric wall very abruptly in three malignant ulcers. This transition was more gradual in the benign ulcer and was not identified in one malignant ulcer. None of these ulcers completely fit the criteria used in people to diagnose benign gastric ulcer. Prospective evaluation of more cases with a more thorough radiographic technique is needed
Light Sensitization and Peroxides in Sweat

Mucopolysaccharides which can be described as relatively stable peroxides were isolated from the sweat of 2 light-sensitive patients. The mucopolysaccharides have been characterized by infrared absorbance in KBr at 867 cm.-1 Upon grinding of the Pellet, this absorbance disappears and gives a stronger one at 848 cm.-1
Realizing marketplace opportunity: How research on the black consumer market influenced mainstream marketers, 1920-1970

Purpose – The influence of research on decisions concerning black consumers by mainstream marketers between 1920 and 1970 is to be examined. Market opportunity analysis provides a theoretical foundation. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This study is based on examination of rare books, archival and proprietary documents housed at the Hartman Center for Sales, Advertising and Marketing History at Duke University; the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture at the New York Public Library; the Museum of Public Relations and relevant literature concerning research on black consumers. Findings – Mainstream companies were motivated to pursue black consumers on the basis of attractive consumption habits, demographic and psychographic characteristics revealed by informal and formal research available as early as the 1920s. During and after the Second World War, research on black consumers became widely available to corporate executives through the trade press, trade ass...
Isotope dependencies of Raman spectra of B{sub 12}As{sub 2}, B{sub 12}P{sub 2}, B{sub 12}O{sub 2}, and B{sub 12+x}C{sub 3{minus}x}: Bonding of intericosahedral chains

The structures of ${\mathrm{B}}_{12}{\mathrm{As}}_{2},$ ${\mathrm{B}}_{12}{\mathrm{P}}_{2},$ ${\mathrm{B}}_{12}{\mathrm{O}}_{2},$ and ${\mathrm{B}}_{12+x}{\mathrm{C}}_{3\ensuremath{-}x}$ $(0.15lxl1.65)$ may each be viewed as composed of ${\mathrm{B}}_{12}$ or ${\mathrm{B}}_{11}\mathrm{C}$ icosahedra and As-As, P-P, O-O, or $({\mathrm{C}}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{B}}_{y})\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{B}\ensuremath{-}({\mathrm{C}}_{1\ensuremath{-}z}{\mathrm{B}}_{z})$ intericosahedral chains. The relative stiffnesses of the chain atoms' intrachain and extrachain bonding are probed with Raman spectroscopy by measuring the boron-isotope dependence of the chains' symmetric stretching frequencies. The dependencies of chains' symmetric stretching frequencies on boron mass measures the degree to which icosahedral boron atoms are carried along in the chain atoms' motions. The absence of a measurable boron involvement in these modes for ${\mathrm{B}}_{12}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{B}}_{12}{\mathrm{P}}_{2}$ indicates that the bonding between the two atoms of their chains is much stiffer than these atoms' bonding to icosahedral boron atoms. By contrast, substantial boron involvement in the symmetric-stretch mode of ${\mathrm{B}}_{12}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ indicates much softer bonding of the chain oxygen atoms to one another than to icosahedral boron atoms. The strong boron participation in the boron carbide Raman mode assigned to the symmetric stretch of CBC chains suggests relatively soft bonding between the chain's atoms. The declining intensity of this CBC-chain-stretching mode as $x$ increases from 0.15 toward 1.0 in ${\mathrm{B}}_{12+x}{\mathrm{C}}_{3\ensuremath{-}x}$ is consistent with the carbon atoms being removed primarily from chains rather than from icosahedra. Other features of our Raman spectra provide complementary evidence that carbon atoms are preferentially retained in boron carbides' icosahedra rather than in its chains. In particular, strong carbon participation in Raman modes associated with vibrations of icosahedral atoms is observed at all carbon concentrations, $0.15lxl1.65.$
Sensitivity to Gauge-Mediated Supersymmetry Breaking Models of the Fermilab Upgraded Tevatron Collider

This paper discusses supersymmetry discovery potential of the upgraded D\O experiment at the Tevatron $p\bar{p}$ collider. Six final states with large transverse energy (momentum) leptons or photons (with or without large transverse momentum imbalances) are studied. These final states are expected to have small backgrounds and are thereby ideal for new physics searches. Implications of the analyses of these final states on Gauge Mediated Supersymmetry Breaking models are discussed for integrated luminosities of 2 and 30 1/fb. This study demonstrates that a large class of supersymmetry models can be probed at the upgraded Tevatron.
Phosphorescence quenching method for measurement of intracellular PO2 in isolated skeletal muscle fibers.

Values of skeletal muscle intracellular P O 2 during conditions ranging from rest to maximal metabolic rates have been difficult to quantify. A method for measurement of intracellular P O 2 in isol...
An Enzymatic-Spectrophotometric Determination of Pyruvic and Lactic Acid in Blood Methodologic Aspects

Investigation of an enzymatic-spectrophotometric determination for lactic and pyruvic acid in blood has confirmed its suitability and reliability. The precision of both methods is high. No variability is encountered in the pyruvic acid analysis. Less than 5% variation is found with the lactic acid analysis. The recovery in both procedures approaches 100%.
The reliability and validity of the Complex Task Performance Assessment: A performance-based assessment of executive function

The objective of this study was to evaluate the inter-rater reliability, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and discriminant validity of the Complex Task Performance Assessment (CTPA): an ecologically valid performance-based assessment of executive function. Community control participants (n = 20) and individuals with mild stroke (n = 14) participated in this study. All participants completed the CTPA and a battery of cognitive assessments at initial testing. The control participants completed the CTPA at two different times one week apart. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for inter-rater reliability for the total score on the CTPA was .991. The ICCs for all of the sub-scores of the CTPA were also high (.889-.977). The CTPA total score was significantly correlated to Condition 4 of the DKEFS Color-Word Interference Test (p = -.425), and the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (p = -.493). Finally, there were significant differences between control subjects and individuals with mild stroke on the total score of the CTPA (p = .007) and all sub-scores except interpretation failures and total items incorrect. These results are also consistent with other current executive function performance-based assessments and indicate that the CTPA is a reliable and valid performance-based measure of executive function.
Application-driven TCP recovery and non-stop BGP

Some network protocols tie application state to underlying TCP connections, leading to unacceptable service outages when an endpoint loses TCP state during fail-over or migration. For example, BGP ties forwarding tables to its control plane connections so that the failure of a BGP endpoint can lead to widespread routing disruption, even if it recovers all of its state but what was encapsulated by its TCP implementation. Although techniques exist for recovering TCP state transparently, they make assumptions that do not hold for applications such as BGP. We introduce application-driven TCP recovery, a technique that separates application recovery from TCP recovery. We evaluate our prototype, TCPR, and show that it outperforms existing BGP recovery techniques.
Immediate and delayed recall of incidentally learned material: A comparison of paradigms across three developmental levels

Abstract Memory of incidentally learned material was investigated across three developmental levels in immediate and delay conditions. Subjects (56 first graders, 56 sixth graders, and 56 college students) were assigned randomly within developmental level to one of four experimental conditions: Type I immediate, Type I delay, Type II immediate, or Type II delay. In the Type I paradigm, subjects looked at pictures but were given no explicit instruction to remember, and in the Type II paradigm, subjects were instructed to remember specific pictures when shown all stimuli. Paradigm interacted with recall condition and significant amounts of incidental learning proved durable for sixth graders and college students. Incidental learning increased with age in both paradigms, suggesting that previously reported divergent developmental trends may not be the result of the type of paradigm.
In Situ Raman Scattering Studies of the Electrochemical Intercalation of Graphite in Sulfuric Acid

In situ Raman scattering studies of the high-frequency carbon intralayer modes in graphite-H2SO4 have been carried out during the electrochemical intercalation of graphite in sulfuric acid. The data show that within an optical depth of ∼ 200 A the entire c-face undergoes a sudden transition to the next lower stage (n−1) at the moment when the bulk has just completed forming stage n. Raman data collected in the “overcharge” and “overoxidation” regimes of the electrochemical synthesis indicate rapid shifting of the peaks during these times, indicating a significant increase in the oxidation of the carbon layers.
Analysis of nonhomogeneous sequences of evoked potentials

Abstract Changes in mode of response can occur within a sequence of evoked potentials. It is possible to separately average evoked potentials of different wave shapes corresponding to these different modes. A procedure is presented which identifies multimodal sequences and the latencies of the multimodal components of evoked potentials. Essentially this procedure indicates whether a sequence of evoked potentials can be divided into two or more subsequences whose averages will contain components which significantly differ from each other. When this procedure is used in conjunction with a previously published method, averages from unimodal subsequences can be computed.
Where Risks and Protective Factors Operate Differently: Homeless Sexual Minority Youth and Suicide Attempts

Using a sample of 628 homeless youth and young adults from eight US cities, this study examines whether the relationship between having been in custody of social services and suicide attempts, and the relationship between engaging in survival sex and suicide attempts differ based on sexual orientation. Findings suggest that being in custody of social services is associated with a significant increase in likelihood of suicide attempts for heterosexual youth, it does not, however, significantly change the already increased risk of suicide attempts for sexual minority youth. Engaging in survival sex appears to be associated with increased risks of suicide attempts for both heterosexual and sexual minority youth, but the increase in likelihood is much stronger for heterosexual youth than for sexual minority youth. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
A theoretical model for composite electrolytes—II. Percolation model for ionic conductivity enhancement

Abstract A novel method of a combination of a percolation model with the space charge layer model is derived. For the first time, this gives an analytical solution for the ionic-conductivity enhancement of composite electrolytes. The conductivity enhancement is directly related to the size of second phase particles and matrix particles, the density of the defects as charge carriers and temperature. The theoretical optimum-content of the second phase with an ideal random distribution is solved as 40 vol%. At the optimum-content, the ionic conductivity of the composite electrolytes reaches the maximum. With the introduction of the non-ideal random distribution of matrix particles or second phase particles, an analytical solution based on the percolation model was derived. The theoretical results fit the experimental data quantitatively very well for LiI/Al 2 O 3 and CuCl/Al 2 O 3 systems in the whole range of the second phase content admixed in the matrix. The shift effect of optimum-content away from the theoretical optimumcontent of 40 vol%, the reason for which is unknown so far, is caused by the non-uniform distribution of either matrix particles or second phase particles and this non-uniform distribution always degenerates the conductivity enhancement seriously.
Self-assembled monolayers of alpha,omega-diphosphonic acids on Ti enable complete or spatially controlled surface derivatization.

α,ω-Diphosphonic acids self-assemble on the native oxide surfaces of Ti or Ti-6Al-4V. Heating gives strongly bonded phosphonate monolayers. Infrared and X-ray spectroscopic and water contact angle data show that the films are bonded to the surface by one phosphonate unit; the other remains a phosphonic acid. Surface loadings were measured by quartz crystal microbalance procedures. Mechanical shear strengths for the films were also measured; these do not correlate simply with surface loadings. Films formed from 1,12-diphosphonododecane were treated with zirconium tetra(tert-butoxide) to give surface Zr complex species; derivatives of these surface complexes are stable to hydrolysis under physiological conditions and are mechanically strong. The complexation reaction can be accomplished over the entire surface; alternatively, dropwise application of the alkoxide to the surface enables spatial control of deposition. The cell attractive peptide derivative RGDC can be bound to these surface Zr alkoxide complex...
Aging effects on contractility of longitudinal and circular detrusor and trigone of rat bladder.

Purpose: Aging is associated with bladder dysfunction, including difficult voiding and urinary leakage. Voiding involves reduction in the bladder lumen in all dimensions brought about by contraction of the meshwork of longitudinal, circular and oblique layers of detrusor smooth muscles. Most in vitro physiological studies of the effects of aging on bladder function used the longitudinal detrusor. To understand the region specific effects of aging on bladder function the contractile responses of longitudinal and circular detrusor, and trigone segments of the bladder from young and old rats were monitored.Materials and Methods: These studies were performed using male Fisher 344 rats 6 months (young) and 27 months (old) old obtained through the National Institute on Aging. Each rat was anesthetized and the bladder was isolated. From each bladder a strip of longitudinal detrusor, circular detrusor and trigone was isolated and mounted in an in vitro multi-muscle chamber containing normal physiological solution...
Hydrochlorothiazide-Induced Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema: BAL Fluid Analysis

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)-induced pulmonary disease has been described as either an allergic interstitial pneumonitis or a cause of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. The mechanism of this rare life-threatening side effect is largely unknown. Many patients show peripheral leukopenia and extensive immunologic studies reveal decreased levels of serum immunoglobulins. However, evaluation of the peripheral blood may not reflect local lung changes. Literature reports of bronchoalveolar differentials on such patients are scarce. Bronchoscopy was performed on our patient, and the lavage revealed a significant percentage of neutrophils (70%) and no eosinophils.
Reducing past harm appraisals during treatment predicts worse substance use outcome.

Background: Appraisals of the past harm from substance use have been associated with increased motivation and treatment seeking behaviors. Harm appraisals are subjective evaluations of the harm caused by substance use and differ from traditional consequences measures which assess the occurrence of adverse events related to substance use. Although influencing these appraisals is a central component to most treatments, no studies have examined how changes in these appraisals during treatment influence outcome. The present study examined how changes in appraisals of the past harm from substance use over the course of treatment influence short- and long-term substance use outcomes. Methods: Participants were 252 individuals seeking outpatient treatment for a substance use problem. Participants were assessed at treatment entry, end of treatment (13 weeks), and 9 months postbaseline. All participants were given a battery of measures that assessed substance use, consequences, self-efficacy, motivation, treatment intensity, 12-step affiliation, and appraisals of harm. Past harm change scores from baseline to end of treatment recoded into 3 groups: increased, remained the same, and decreased (reduced their perception of the harm from substance use). Results: Reductions in appraisals of past harm from baseline to end of treatment predicted lower PDA and higher objective consequences at end of treatment and 9-month follow-up. There were no significant differences in outcome between those who increased versus maintained harm appraisals from baseline to end of treatment. Higher treatment intensity and 12-step affiliation were associated with fewer reductions in past harm appraisals. Conclusions: Results of the present study suggest subjective appraisals of the past harm from substance use wane for some people during treatment and that helping clients maintain or increase their perceptions of the past harm from substance use over the course of treatment is associated with better short- and long-term outcomes.
Catheter Ablation of Accessory Pathways, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia, and the Atrioventricular Junction Final Results of a Prospective, Multicenter Clinical Trial

Background—The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a temperature-controlled radiofrequency catheter ablation system. Methods and Results—The patient population included...
On Elastic Filament Reinforcement of a Viscoelastic Cylinder

Abstract : The strengthening of hollow viscoelastic cylinder by elastic, helically wound, reinforcing wires is considered. The theoretical basis for stress analysis is developed, and applied to the cylinder subjected to internal pressure and additionally supported by an elastic casing supporting the exterior cylindrical surface. Solutions for various choices of parameters are evaluated, and the variation of the resulting stress fields is discussed. The conclusions include the importance of varying the density of the distribution of reinforcing wires for maximum effectiveness. (Author)
Organization of vestibular nucleus projections to the caudal dorsal cap of kooy in rabbits

This study used retrograde and anterograde tracing methods to characterize the origin and terminal distribution of vestibular nuclear projections to the caudal dorsal cap of the inferior olive in albino rabbits. Comparisons of the retrograde labeling patterns from Cholera toxin B fragment-horseradish peroxidase and Fluoro-Gold injection sites centred in either the caudal dorsal cap or the rostral dorsal cap plus ventrolateral outgrowth revealed that they receive projections from different vestibular nuclear regions. Tracer injections in the rostral dorsal cap and ventrolateral outgrowth produced a sparse bilateral distribution of labeled neurons in the superior vestibular nucleus and an almost exclusively ipsilateral pattern of labeled neurons in caudal pars alpha of the lateral vestibular nucleus. Injections in the caudal dorsal cap, though, labeled neurons bilaterally in the rostral medial vestibular nucleus, predominantly ipsilaterally in pars beta of the lateral vestibular nucleus and almost exclusively ipsilaterally in caudal pars alpha of the lateral vestibular nucleus and the rostral aspect of the inferior vestibular nucleus. Vestibular nucleus injections of the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin indicated (1) that a predominantly ipsilateral projection to the caudal dorsal cap originates bilaterally from the pars beta of the lateral vestibular nucleus and the rostroventral aspect of the rostral medial vestibular nucleus, (2) that the medial half of the caudal medial vestibular nucleus is the source of a predominantly contralateral projection to dorsal cap, (3) that the caudal aspect of nucleus prepositus hypoglossi contributes a predominantly ipsilateral projection to the medial accessory olive and (4) that the rostral aspect of inferior vestibular nucleus and the dorsal and lateral aspects of the caudal medial vestibular nucleus project to nucleus beta of the medial accessory olive. In addition, axons containing anterogradely transported PHA-L were observed bilaterally in the oculomotor and abducens nuclei from injection sites involving pars beta of the lateral vestibular nucleus. It is hypothesized that bilateral vestibulo-caudal dorsal cap pathways coordinate activity in the left and right flocculus and nodulus during horizontal head movements to facilitate the performance of conjugate vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic reflexes.
An Evaluation of the Roving Creel Survey with Nonuniform Probability Sampling

Abstract A roving creel survey with nonuniform probability sampling was conducted on West Point Reservoir, Georgia, for 24 months. The sampling design is described in detail. The assumption that catch per unit effort (CPE) for incompleted fishing trips is an unbiased estimator of CPE for completed trips is tested and verified. Coefficients of variation for monthly estimates of catch and effort are used to measure the precision of the sampling design. Precision was relatively high during the summer (April-October), but decreased markedly during the winter (November-March). This change is largely independent of sample size within the range of 5-10 sample days per month leading to the conclusion that sampling effort could be reduced 50% without impairing the precision of the survey. The method appears capable of detecting changes in the quality of fishing small enough for management purposes. The paper is intended to provide guidelines for the implementation, evaluation, and modification of statistically bas...
Harmonic analysis as spectral theory of Laplacians

By writing the Fourier inversion formula on Euclidean space in polar coordinates, we obtain f(x) = ∝0∞ fgl(x) dx, where Δfgl(x) = −λ2fgl(x), which is the spectral theory of the Laplacian. How do properties of f relate to properties of the family of eigenfunctions fgl? Answers are provided for the following spaces: L2, S, S′, D (in odd dimensions). Analogous results are obtained for harmonic analysis on hyperbolic space, constant curvature semi-Riemannian spaces, the Heisenberg group, and for differential forms on hyperbolic space. For f ϵ L2 there is a “Plancherel Formula” ‖f‖22=πlimt → ∞∫o∞1t∫bt(z) |fκ(x)|2dx dκ where Bt(z) denotes the ball of radius t about an arbitrary point z, which is independent of the dimension, and the identical formula holds in hyperbolic space if the parametrization of the eigenvalues is shifted. For certain semi-Riemannian symmetric spaces, we obtain a “Paley-Wiener Theorem” that explains the role of discrete series in producing functions of compact support, and also involve certain non-unitary representations that contain the discrete series representations. For the Heisenberg group the “Plancherel Formula” is of a different nature, requiring that the eigenfunctions be almost periodic in one variable.
Expression and Role of c-myc Protooncogene in Murine Preimplantation Embryonic Development

Purpose The present study was conducted to investigate the expression and possible role of the c-mycprotooncogene in preimplantation embryos by using reverse-transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique and microinjection of synthetic antisense c-mycoligonucleotide probe, respectively. Total RNA was extracted from oocytes and two cell-, four cell-, early morula-, late morula-, early blastocyst-, and late blastocyst-stage embryos, and cDNA was constructed using MMLV reverse transcriptase. Sense primer (P1)and antisense primer (P2)used were based on the c-mycgene sequence bp 1609–1629 and bp 3279–3299, respectively, that span a 1.37-kb intron. PCR-amplified products of cDNA from oocyte-, two cell-, four cell-, early and late morula-, and blastocyst-stage embryos demonstrated the expected 313-bp product in Southern blot hybridization using a c-mycspecific DNA probe, with an indication of lower levels in oocytes and early morulae.
Somatomedin-C receptor ontogeny and levels in porcine fetal and human cord serum.

The ontogeny of somatomedin receptors in tissues of fetal pigs and levels of somatomedin- C in fetal pig serum at various gestational ages and in human cord serum was investigated. Specific binding of 125I somatomedin-C by particulate membranes prepared from fetal organs from a variety of gestational ages almost always exceeds specific I25I insulin binding. In liver, kidney, heart, and the maternal portion of the placenta, apparent binding affinity for somatomedin is relatively constant throughout gestation and is the same for membranes from fetal and adult animals. In contrast, in the fetal portion of the placenta, specific somatomedin-C binding and apparent binding affinity increases as gestation progresses. The changes in this tissue correlate temporally with the acceleration of growth of the pig fetus. Membranes prepared from fetal lungs exhibit higher specific binding of somatomedin and higher affinity constants than adult lung membranes. Somatomedin levels in fetal pig serum are about 25% of those o...
A comparison of adolescent inpatients with and without substance abuse using the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory

We compared clinical syndromes, expressed concerns, and personality styles of adolescent inpatients with substance use disorders (SUD; n=44) vs. without substance use disorders (non-SUD; n=61) using the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory. The two groups did not differ with regard to age, sex, ethnicity, functional severity, or the frequency of other major psychiatric disorders, and were drawn from the same overall sample population. SUD subjects showed significantly higher levels of delinquent predisposition and lower levels of anxiety. Consistent with these syndromal findings, we found that SUD subjects were characterized by higher levels of unruliness and social insensitivity and lower levels of submissiveness. Our findings suggest that, in severely disturbed adolescents who require psychiatric hospitalization, externalizing phenomena are closely associated with SUD. Our findings also suggest that internalizing problems also exist in SUD, although not at levels greater than that observed in non-SUD inpatients.
Beneficial betrayal aversion.

Many studies demonstrate the social benefits of cooperation. Likewise, recent studies convincingly demonstrate that betrayal aversion hinders trust and discourages cooperation. In this respect, betrayal aversion is unlike socially “beneficial” preferences including altruism, fairness and inequity aversion, all of which encourage cooperation and exchange. To our knowledge, other than the suggestion that it acts as a barrier to rash trust decisions, the benefits of betrayal aversion remain largely unexplored. Here we use laboratory experiments with human participants to show that groups including betrayal-averse agents achieve higher levels of reciprocity and more profitable social exchange than groups lacking betrayal aversion. These results are the first rigorous evidence on the benefits of betrayal aversion, and may help future research investigating cultural differences in betrayal aversion as well as future research on the evolutionary roots of betrayal aversion. Further, our results extend the understanding of how intentions affect social interactions and exchange and provide an effective platform for further research on betrayal aversion and its effects on human behavior.
Risking to be wounded again: performing open eye/I

In this article, I narrate a self‐reflexive inquiry on the process of becoming an Asian/Korean immigrant woman of color in the US. The purpose is to provide a particular insight and identity site to address the urgent need to examine ways in which the increasing number of postcolonial immigrants of color and US racial minorities engage with each other to make sense of our intersected but very differential impacts of racism. The article is organized using three vignettes on differently racialized encounters – my arrival to the racialized ruins of Korea town in LA as a newcomer, a recurring encounter with a racial epithet that defines me as Chinese, and an anti‐racism session in an educational conference where I was disclaimed from being a person of color by another racialized group. Through these vignettes, I analyze the complex dynamics between very personal, affective experience and socio‐political structure and actions that have constituted my still evolving palimpsest identity. In conclusion, I argue f...
Construction and Analysis of Random Networks with Explosive Percolation

The existence of explosive phase transitions in random (Erdos Renyi-type) networks has been recently documented by Achlioptas, D'Souza, and Spencer [Science 323, 1453 (2009)] via simulations. In this Letter we describe the underlying mechanism behind these first-order phase transitions and develop tools that allow us to identify (and predict) when a random network will exhibit an explosive transition. Several interesting new models displaying explosive transitions are also presented.
Measurement adequacy of the CES-D among a sample of older African-Americans.

Abstract This manuscript examines the measurement adequacy of the CES-D when applied in older African–Americans ( n =227). The response distribution was skewed towards less symptomatology on all items, and the internal consistency of the CES-D was acceptable (α=0.86). An exploratory factor analysis revealed four underlying factors of depressive symptomatology: (1) depressive/somatic; (2) positive; (3) interpersonal; and (4) social well-being. The primary factor was a combination of depression and somatic symptoms, a commonly reported uni-dimensional factor among ethnic groups. Additionally, a fourth factor emerged that has not previously been identified, labeled ‘social well-being’. This factor consisted of three items that may tap into the social interactions of the elderly: appetite, hopeful, and talk. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence on the unique measurement properties of the CES-D across diverse populations.
Stigma, discrimination and the health of illicit drug users

Persons who use illicit drugs are stigmatized in the United States. The conferral of a deviant social status on illicit drug users may serve to discourage use. However, stigmatization may also adversely affect the health of those who use illicit drugs, through exposure to chronic stress such as discrimination and as a barrier to accessing care. We hypothesized that aspects of stigma and discrimination would be associated with mental and physical health among illicit drug users. Using street outreach techniques, 1008 illicit drug users were interviewed about stigma and discrimination related to their drug use, and their health. We measured discrimination related to drug use, alienation, perceived devaluation, and responses to discrimination and stigma. Health measures included mental and physical health measures from the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36, depression symptoms from the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale, and a sum of health conditions. In adjusted models, discrimination and alienation were both associated with poorer mental health, and only discrimination was associated with poorer physical health. Angry responses to discrimination and stigma were associated with poorer mental health. The association of stigma and discrimination with poor health among drug users suggests the need for debate on the relative risks and benefits of stigma and discrimination in this context.
Identification of the Origin and Localization of Chorion (Egg Envelope) Proteins in an Ancient Fish, the White Sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus

In many modern teleost fish, chorion (egg envelope) glycoproteins are synthesized in the liver of females, and the expression of those genes is controlled by endogenous estrogen released from the ovary during maturation. However, among the classical teleosts, such as salmonid, carp, and zebrafish, the chorion glycoproteins are synthesized in the oocyte, as in higher vertebrates. Sturgeon, which are members of the subclass Chondrostei, represent an ancient lineage of ray-finned fishes that differ from other teleosts in that their sperm possess acrosomes, their eggs have numerous micropyles, and early embryo development is similar to that of amphibians. In order to understand the molecular mechanisms of chorion formation and the phylogenetic relationship between sturgeon and other teleosts, we used specific antibodies directed against the primary components of sturgeon chorion glycoproteins, using immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry approaches. The origin of each chorion glycoprotein was determined through analyses of both liver and ovary, and their localization during ovarian development was investigated. Our data indicate that the origin of the major chorion glycoproteins of sturgeon, ChG1, ChG2, and ChG4, derive not only from the oocyte itself but also from follicle cells in the ovary, as well as from hepatocytes. In the follicle cell layer, granulosa cells were found to be the primary source of ChGs during oogenesis in white sturgeon. The unique origins of chorion glycoproteins in sturgeon suggest that sturgeons are an intermediate form in the evolution of the teleost lineage.
Palatal metastases in renal cell carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma may metastasize early in its course and sometimes before the primary lesion becomes apparent. Two cases of renal cell carcinoma with the initial manifestation of metastases to the roof of the mouth are presented. The mode of metastases to the palate is discussed.
Young Children's Understanding of the Causes of Anger and Sadness.

This study investigated kindergarten children's understanding of the causes of anger and sadness. Previous research has shown that before 6 or 7 years of age, children have difficulty distinguishing hypothetical situations designed to evoke anger from those designed to evoke sadness. In this project, 80 kindergarten children (ages 5-1 to 6-5, M= 5-10) predicted and explained protagonists' emotional responses to a variety of hypothetical events. The results showed that intentional harm was not the feature young children used to distinguish anger from sadness. Children predicted anger most often when they believed that protagonists could change undesirable situations and reinstate their goals and when children focused on the person or conditions that brought about undesirable situations. Children predicted sadness most often when they believed that goal reinstatement was impossible and focused on the losses that would ensue as a result.
First metatarsalphalangeal joint arthrodesis: evaluation of plate and screw fixation.

Background:First metatarsalphalangeal joint (MTPJ) arthrodesis is a commonly performed procedure for the treatment of a variety of conditions affecting the hallux. There are several different methods to accomplish the fusion. We utilized a method incorporating a ball and cup preparation of the joint, followed by stabilization of the arthrodesis site utilizing the Accutrak congruent first MTPJ fusion set.Materials and Methods:We prospectively evaluated two hundred consecutive patients who underwent first MTPJ arthrodeses utilizing the Accutrak congruent first MTPJ fusion set. Patients were evaluated preoperatively, postoperatively, and at a final followup, utilizing the AOFAS forefoot scoring system.Results:Two hundred consecutive patients underwent first MTPJ arthrodeses by the same surgeon. All but three feet (230/233) (98.7%) went on to solidly fuse. Three of the patients did not fuse solidly. One patient broke two of the screws, and the other two patients did not have hardware failure. All patients dra...
The Comparative Effectiveness of Two Forms of Feedback: Web-Based Model Comparison and Instructor Delivered Corrective Feedback

In this study, the comparative effectiveness of two forms of feedback (instructor delivered corrective feedback and a Web-based model comparison feedback) was examined on two complex tasks. Forty-six university students enrolled in an introductory special education course designed for non-special education majors were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. Both groups completed a behavior-analysis and an instructional-analysis task after viewing vignettes on streamed video from the course Web page. The first group-received instructor delivered corrective feedback (CF) on the behavior-analysis task and then received Web-based model comparison feedback (MCF) on the instructional-analysis task. The second group-received MCF on the behavior-analysis task and then received CF on the instructional-analysis task. Students' performance was significantly better on the criterion task when they received instructor delivered corrective feedback.
Direct visualization of the left atrial appendage using esophageal radial endoscopic ultrasound: an alternative to TEE.

Preprocedural transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) to exclude left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus before cardioversion or left atrial catheter ablation is routinely performed to lower the incidence of periprocedural strokes. Conventional TEE was attempted in a 64-year-old man with atrial flutter of unknown duration. He had two unsuccessful attempts at blind esophageal intubation with the TEE probe by two separate operators, both under conscious sedation and under moderate anesthesia. Gastroenterology was consulted
Inclusive and exclusive cross sections for multiple ionization by fast, highly charged ions in the independent-electron approximation.

Cross sections for the ionization of n of N electrons with equal single-electron ionization probability P are considered. When both N and the projectile charge q are large, the cross sections for single and double ionization are both found to be approximately linear in q at 1 MeV/amu. The ratio of double-to-single-ionization cross sections is independent of q. Moreover, first-order perturbation theory for the single-electron ionization probability P, which varies as ${q}^{2}$, is found to be applicable due to the damping of contributions with large P caused by factors of (1-P${)}^{N\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}n}$. For large P there are differences between the inclusive probability P and the probability NP commonly used for a target with N electrons. Both of these probabilities differ significantly from the exclusive probability NP(1-P${)}^{N\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ for the ionization of only one electron. For large N and large q, the exclusive ionization probabilities for removing exactly n of the N electrons tend to be concentrated in somewhat separate ranges of impact parameters b, defining impact-parameter ``windows.'' The windows which we obtain using the quantum-mechanical semiclassical-Coulomb-approximation (SCA) probabilities are similar to those using classical Monte Carlo calculations. Model calculations, based on analytic fits to the SCA probabilities, are used to obtain approximate analytic expressions for single- and double-ionization cross sections and for the impact-parameter windows. Results of this simple model are in reasonable agreement with measured cross sections for single and multiple ionization of neon atoms by projectiles of charge q varying from 1 to 13 at a velocity corresponding to 1 MeV/amu.
Chronic Mycobacterium abscessus infection and lung function decline in cystic fibrosis.

Background Although nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are recognized pathogens in cystic fibrosis (CF), associations with clinical outcomes remain unclear.
Efficacy of English to Spanish automatic translation

With an increase in global business, travel, and communication, there is a growing need to accommodate multiple languages. While human translators are still important, automatic natural language translation can increase the productivity of global travellers and office workers reading e-mail, browsing web pages, and reviewing documents. But, how good are these computer-based translations? In this paper, we compare English-to-Spanish translations from two computer programmes with two human-generated translations. As expected, the results show that the computer translations were much faster but less accurate. However, the tradeoff in speed vs. accuracy might allow computers to be used for a rough, first pass, while more expensive, and time-consuming human translation can be used for more critical text.
Reversible removal and hydrodynamic phenomena in CHO microcarrier cultures

Recent studies have been published regarding hydrodynamic phenomena in microcarrier cultures of FS-4I4 and BEK cells . 5 , 6 A frequent question regarding these results concerns their translation to other cell lines. The results for a particular cell line may depend on several factors, such as the strength and nature of the attachment between the cells and microcarriers. FS-4 cells are human diploid fibroblasts and are fully anchorage dependent. They attach very strongly to microcarriers at normal pH levels7 except during the later stage of a culture when they migrate together and form spheroids. Hydrodynamic studies with FS-4 cells were performed during the growth stage prior to spheroid formation.’-4 The results indicate that FS-4 cells are irreversibly removed from Cytodex 1 microcarriers by excessive hydrodynamic force^.^ All of the cells which remain on the microcarriers are viable and grow at a rate independent of the level of agitation. The cells in suspension are nonviable and incapable of attachment. Hydrodynamic removal of an FS-4 cell appears to leave a “footprint” which precludes secondary growth over that position. For the purposes of comparison, a short set of hydrodynamic studies was also performed with recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells engineered to produce gamma interferon. These CHO cells are aneuploid and, although not fully anchorage-dependent, are difficult to grow in suspension.839 CHO cells were chosen not only because they have different attachment properties than FS-4 cells, but also because of their common use in recombinant protein production. The results of the experiments with the CHO cells are reported here.
Osteoid Osteoma of the Triquetrum: a Case of Four-Year Delay in Diagnosis

Osteoid osteoma is a painful, benign bony tumor affecting a predominantly young patient population, with 60% occurring between ages 10 and 20 years old and a male predominance [19]. Nocturnal and rest pain are hallmarks. Symptoms vary from a mild ache to severe debilitating pain in response to excessive prostaglandin production. As such, the pain is classically responsive to aspirin due to its anti-prostaglandin effect [13]. Localized swelling and tenderness may be present on examination. Radiographically, osteoid osteoma is traditionally described as a 1–2-cm radiolucent lesion with a sclerotic border and central nidus consisting of vascular osteoid with focal mineralization. Imaging modalities including radiographs, bone scan, CT, and MRI can be helpful in the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. Jaffe [11] first described osteoid osteoma in 1935 in five patients with “localized osteomyelitis or bone abscess” with a “nidus-like focus” of osteoid and vascularity without histologic evidence of infection. Excision resulted in symptomatic resolution in all cases. Others have since reported on osteoid osteomas scattered across the skeleton, with 6–13% occurring in the hand and 1–2% specifically occurring in the carpus [4, 5]. Lesions may be intra-articular or extra-articular, intramedullary, subperiosteal, or intracortical, the latter of which is most readily visualized on radiographs. Accurate and timely diagnosis is reliant upon a high index of suspicion. Osteoid osteoma in the carpus may be difficult to visualize on radiographs. Initial symptoms can be confused for osteomyelitis, De Quervain’s tenosynovitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, recent minor trauma, arthritis, neuroma, or, as in the case presented here, complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) [2, 8]. Furthermore, as described herein, a missed or delayed osteoid osteoma diagnosis can lead to an unnecessary battery of tests, a litany of failed surgeries, and severely impaired quality of life.
Psychogeriatrics, nursing homes, and lawsuits.

Few pieces of American legislation evoke as many raised eyebrows and quizzical looks in non-Americans as does the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 (OBRA-87). Incorporated into this legislation is the Nursing Home Reform Act, which contains guidelines for establishing a better environment and better care for nursing home residents. Certainly, some of the provisions focusing on nutrition, improved staff education, and the collection and evaluation of data have resulted in improved care, but the provision that regulates the prescription of psychotropic medications has received mixed reviews.
Clinical Approach to Diagnosis and Management of Cancer of the Cervix and Vulva

This content presents pathology of the cervix and vulva - its diagnosis, staging, treatment, and prognosis. The authors distinguish between the clinical staging of cervical cancer and the surgical staging of vulvar cancer and note advances in surgical, medical, and radiation oncology in the treatment of both cervical and vulvar carcinoma that allow for individualization of patient treatment resulting in improved oncologic outcomes and improved quality of life. Treatment algorithms are presented based on the varying stages at which the cancer is diagnosed.
Calculator Function Approximation

(1983). Calculator Function Approximation. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 90, No. 5, pp. 317-325.