cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tectonic strain-release characteristics of CANNIKIN

abstract The tectonic strain-release characteristics of the CANNIKIN nuclear explosion are determined from seismic surface waves and static strain changes associated with the event. The source is considered to be the superposition of an isotropic explosion component and a tectonic component consisting of a fault of arbitrary orientation. From Love-to-Rayleigh-wave amplitude ratios, the strength of the tectonic component ( F ) relative to the explosion is determined to be 0.6. The parameters of the fault are found to be consistent with nearby faults and displacements observed following the event. Reasonable agreement with observed static strains is also obtained with a fault 20 km long, but of different orientation. Discrepancies between observed and theoretical strains indicate the complexity of strain readjustment. The relatively small amount of tectonic strain release associated with CANNIKIN is probably due either to the low rigidity of the medium or to low ambient stresses near the surface.
Brazilian Ichneumonidae and Braconidae obtained by the Stanford expedition

All of the species considered in the present paper were obtained by an expedition undertaken by a number of naturalists from Stanford University. The party was led by Prof. J. C. Branner, and during a sojourn of several months, they visited a number of regions where little or no entomological collecting had previously been done. Mr. William M. Mann accompanied the expedition as entomologist, and as might be expected, many of the Parasitic Hymenoptera obtained prove to be undescribed.
Access and ownership in the academic environment: One library's progress report

Abstract This article discusses the methodology used at the University of Arizona Library to grapple with the access/ ownership issue and to ascertain options to that challenge. These options guide the Library in decision making, policy formulation, and the provision of services.
CD8+ T cell concentration determines their efficiency in killing cognate antigen–expressing syngeneic mammalian cells in vitro and in mouse tissues

We describe a quantitative model for assessing the cytolytic activity of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in vitro and in vivo in which the concentration of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells determines the efficiency with which these cells kill cognate antigen–expressing melanoma cells in packed cell pellets, in three-dimensional collagen-fibrin gels in vitro, and in established melanomas in vivo. In combination with a clonogenic assay for melanoma cells, collagen-fibrin gels are 4,500–5,500-fold more sensitive than the packed cell pellet–type assays generally used to measure CD8+ T cell cytolytic activity. An equation previously used to describe neutrophil bactericidal activity in vitro and in vivo also describes antigen-specific CD8+ T cell–mediated cytolysis of cognate antigen-expressing melanoma cells in collagen-fibrin gels in vitro and in transplanted tumors in vivo . We have used this equation to calculate the critical concentration of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, which is the concentration of these cells required to hold constant the concentration of a growing population of cognate antigen-expressing melanoma cells. It is ∼3.5 × 105/ml collagen-fibrin gel in vitro and ∼3 × 106/ml or /g melanoma for previously published studies of ex vivo–activated adoptively transferred tumor antigen–specific CD8+ T cell killing of cognate antigen–expressing melanoma cells in established tumors in vivo. The antigen-specific CD8+ T cell concentration required to kill 100% of 2 × 107/ml cognate antigen-expressing melanoma cells in collagen fibrin gels is ≥107/ml of gel.
Nephritic factor and recurrence in the renal transplant of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II

Animal models suggest a role for nephritic factor in the pathogenesis of glomerular disease, but evidence for a role in human disease is lacking. To assess its role, we applied a recently developed method that allows measurement of low levels of nephritic factor activity to stored serum specimens from three patients who had membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) type II. All three had had renal transplants, and one lost two of three transplants from recurrent disease. Evidence for a role for nephritic factor in human disease was a positive correlation between the level of nephritic factor activity and both the severity of recurrence and an increase in serum creatinine concentration. However, the hypocomplementemia was never severe; C3 levels of 49–76 mg/dl and nephritic factor levels of 89 U/ml were associated with severe recurrences. We have previously seen severe disease with mild hypocomplementemia. In contrast, patients with partial lipodystrophy often have severe hypocomplementemia and, presumably, high levels of nephritic factor yet have a mild glomerulonephritis. Disease severity and nephritic factor levels thus appear to be inversely related. The disease is progressive when only moderate amounts of nephritic factor have been circulating and C3 only mildly depressed.
Normalization of hyperhomocysteinemia with L-thyroxine in hypothyroidism.

Hypothyroidism may be a treatable cause of hyperhomocysteinemia, and elevated plasma homocysteine levels may be an independent risk factor for the accelerated atherosclerosis seen in primary hypoth...
Recovery of memory for a traumatic event after lesions in the amygdala and hippocampus

Albino rats were trained in a classically conditioned fear response and then were subjected to lesions in the basolateral amygdala or dorsal hippocampus. A retention test given 2 weeks later showed a memory deficit for both placements. The function recovered with reconditioning.
Similarity of matrices over Artinian principal ideal rings

Abstract This paper discusses the theory of similarity of matrices over a commutative Artinian principal ideal ring R . It is shown that for the class matrices A such that R [ A ] is R -free a “rational” canonical form is available.
Sulfur containing alkaloids from Nuphar luteum

Abstract Alkaloids neothiobinupharidine and thionuphlutine-A were isolated from rhizomes of Nuphar luteum obtained from Poland. These two alkaloids were not detected in the two North American Nuphar examined. However a bishemiaminal form of thionuphlutine-A has been isolated from North American Nuphar . Thionuphlutine-A is identical with the previously reported thiobinupharidine.
Blood Pressure Control in Acute Cerebrovascular Disease

Acute cerebrovascular diseases (ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage) affect 780,000 Americans each year. Physicians who care for patients with these conditions must be able to recognize when acute hypertension requires treatment and should understand the principles of cerebral autoregulation and perfusion. Physicians should also be familiar with the various pharmacologic agents used in the treatment of cerebrovascular emergencies. Acute ischemic stroke frequently presents with hypertension, but the systemic blood pressure should not be treated unless the systolic pressure exceeds 220 mm Hg or the diastolic pressure exceeds 120 mm Hg. Overly aggressive treatment of hypertension can compromise collateral perfusion of the ischemic penumbra. Hypertension associated with intracerebral hemorrhage can be treated more aggressively to minimize hematoma expansion during the first 3 to 6 hours of illness. Subarachnoid hemorrhage is usually due to aneurysmal rupture; systolic blood pressure should be kept <150 mm Hg to prevent re-rupture of the aneurysm. Nicardipine and labetalol are recommended for rapidly treating hypertension during cerebrovascular emergencies. Sodium nitroprusside is not recommended due to its adverse effects on cerebral autoregulation and intracranial pressure. Hypoperfusion of the injured brain should be avoided at all costs.
e+e- physics at petra—the first five years

PETRA (Positron-Electron T andem Ring Accelerator) is located at DESY in Hamburg, Germany, and is the highest energy electron-positron storage ring in the world. This report reviews a few selected topics of the experimental investigations carried out at PETRA for the first five years of its operation beginning in 1978 by the five Collaborations CELLO, JADE, MARK J, PLUTO and TASSO. The physics objectives in the original proposals have largely been fulfilled. The emphasis of this review, based mainly on journal publications before July 15, 1983 (the fifth anniversary of the first successful storage of an electron beam at PETRA), is on the physics results, ranging over strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions. The topics covered include quark and gluon physics, and electroweak interference.
Elder abuse: a call to action

An estimated 2 million people a year are victims of elder abuse, which ranges from neglect and mistreatment to physical abuse. By the year 2020, a full 22% of the population will be aged 65 or older. This demographic explosion demands that we identify and protect those at risk. To investigate the incidence of elder abuse or neglect (EAN) and to determine clinician awareness of associated risk factors, we conducted a 1-year retrospective review of thermally injured patients aged 60 or older. Data included age, total body surface area burned, mechanism of injury, length of hospital stay, mortality, abuse or neglect risk factors, and referral to the appropriate social agency. We found that our elderly patients (n = 28) were poorly screened for EAN. While 64% to 96% of patients were screened for cognitive impairment, overall health, and financial resources, none were screened for risk factors of emotional isolation. None of the patient's caregivers, including any spouses, roommates, or guardians, were screened for risk factors of substance abuse, familial violence, dependency needs, or external stresses. With the use of available data, we were able to place 11 patients on the following levels of abuse or neglect: 1) low risk for abuse; 2) self-neglect; 3) neglect; and 4) abuse. By this scale, 7 patients (64%) were victims of self-neglect, 3 patients (27%) were victims of neglect, and 1 patient (9%) was a victim of abuse. Adult Protective Services intervened in 2 cases. Recognizing that all cases of EAN should be preventable, we cannot accept the socioeconomic impact of this entity. The 11 patients identified as victims of neglect, self-neglect, or abuse accounted for 135 hospital days and 8 fatalities. Before we can address EAN, health care personnel must be made aware of the problem and routine screening for risk factors must be implemented. The true incidence of EAN is likely underestimated because health care providers have difficulty recognizing its features. A standard assessment tool to screen for neglect or abuse should be used for each older adult admission. Language: en
Swirling-flow jet noise suppressors for aircraft engines

Experimental investigations of the effects of swirling the jet exhausts of small turbofan and turbojet engines have indicated significant progress towards predicting and attaining substantial jet noise abatement with minimum thrust losses in large aircraft engines. Systematic variations of the important swirl vane and swirling flow parameters were conducted to determine their effects on jet noise reduction and engine performance. Since swirling flow becomes more effective in reducing jet noise as the density and temperature gradients increase, the significant trends in noise reduction and engine performance that were established by these parametric studies could be projected into potentially greater reductions of sound pressure levels with minimum thrust losses by controlled swirling of the jets of high thrust engines. The density and temperature gradients in the jet exhausts of high thrust engines are larger by comparison with gradients in small engines.
Fish predators and scavengers of the sea urchinEchinometra mathaei in Kenyan coral-reef marine parks

Predation on 120 adult sea urchins of the speciesEchinometra mathaei was observed during daylight in shallow-water coral reefs (0.5 to 3 m deep) in a variety of sites in 3 Kenyan marine parks. The predators were few (8 species) and dominated by the triggerfishBalistapus undulatus (65 % of all observations) followed by terminal-male wrassesCoris formosa, C. aygula andCheilinus trilobatus, and lastly the scavengerLethrinus mahsena. Those species that attempted, but failed, to prey onE. mathaei were slightly more numerous (11 species), while scavengers of opened carcasses were the most speciose (20 species). Based on these observations, it is suggested thatB. undulatus is a ‘keystone predator’ and that fishery regulations that protect this species may be necessary in order to reduce the detrimental consequences of high sea urchin abundance — such as high reef substrate erosion and competitive exclusion of fishes.
Bivariate quantitative trait linkage analysis: pleiotropy versus co-incident linkages

Power to detect linkage and localization of a major gene were compared in univariate and bivariate variance components linkage analysis of three related quantitative traits in general pedigrees. Although both methods demonstrated adequate power to detect loci of moderate effect, bivariate analysis improved both power and localization for correlated quantitative traits mapping to the same chromosomal region, regardless of whether co-localization was the result of pleiotropy. Additionally, a test of pleiotropy versus co-incident linkage was shown to have adequate power and a low error rate.
Certain phylogenetic anatomical relations of localizing significance for the mammalian central nervous system

ll'Iuch has been written concerning cortical localizationits probable presence or absence, its degree, the basis of its representation, and those factors which underlie or determine it. In the following pages the author is venturing to consider this very interesting problem by stressing certain factssome of them well known, others little thought of in this connection, still others new in certain details-which emphasize another phase of the underlying causes and suggest the inevitability, so to speak, of such an organization. This discussion seeks to establish that, with respect to general arrangement, sensory and motor cortical localization patterns
Formalizing the Ban: My Experience in the Reagan Administration

The repeal of Don't Ask, Don't Tell (DADT) is a success story. As of September 20, 2011, one of the most egregious cases of modern day government-sanctioned discrimination has been overturned. But ...
Synthesis of carboxylic acid derivatives of triphenylphosphine cyanoborane

Abstract Alkylation of triphenylphosphine-cyanoborane, Ph 3 P·BH 2 CN, with Et 3 OBF 4 gave an N-ethylnitrilium salt which was converted to new phosphine-borane derivatives, Ph 3 P·BH 2 X (X = COOH, C(O)N(H)Et, and COOEt). Characterization data from IR, 1 H and 11 B NMR spectroscopy and elemental analyses are reported.
Isochronous manifolds in self-triggered control

Feedback control laws are predominantly implemented on digital platforms as periodic tasks. Although periodicity simplifies the analysis and design of the implementation, new applications call for more efficient utilization of available resources such as processor utilization. To address this issue, new implementation paradigms, such as event-triggered and self-triggered control, have recently been proposed. These policies allow for a dynamic allocation of resources, since the execution times of the control task are defined according to the current state of the system. In this paper we continue our exploratory journey in the field of self-triggered control for nonlinear systems. In our previous work, we exploited the geometry of homogeneous and polynomial control systems to identify one dimensional manifolds along which the execution times scaled in a predictable manner. In this paper we complement our previous work by focusing on manifolds where the times remain constant. By merging both ideas new self-trigger conditions are derived, outperforming existing techniques.
Integrating Process with Content in Understanding African American Racial Identity Development

Historically, racial identity research has focused on either the process by which identity develops or the content of the identities that individuals hold. This paper investigates the nexus of these approaches. Specifically, cluster analysis was used to locate 204 African American college students in one of four statuses of development outlined by Phinney (1989) and examine movement across clusters over time. Mean differences in the content of individuals' racial Centrality, racial Regard, and racial Ideology beliefs across clusters at both time points were then assessed. Results indicate some relationship between process and content such that higher levels of development are associated with higher levels of identification with and more positive attitudes toward one's racial group.
Real-time memory management and the Java specification

Real-time systems have traditionally been developed using low-level languages such as Assembly or C. It would be desirable to have the option of using a high-level language such as Java to aid in the development of these systems. Java is an object-oriented, robust, secure programming platform that provides an enormous library of classes to make implementing common programming tasks trivial. However, most high-level languages such as Java lack the run-time performance critical to real-time systems. To address the performance issues and equip Java for real-time systems, Sun has published a specification to standardize an application interface and the implementation of a real-time Java Virtual Machine. The real-time specification for Java was published in November of 2001 but has not been accepted by industry as Sun might have hoped. The restrictive nature of the application interface may be to blame for this nonacceptance as opposed to lack of interest or need. This restrictive nature is apparent after examining the memory management model enforced by the specification which this paper explores. Low-level system programmers are accustomed to managing memory manually through global memory or by way of the malloc/free standard library functions. Java programmers are accustomed to relying on an automatic garbage collector to manage the task of reclaiming unused memory. Since an automatic garbage collector is impractical for most real-time systems, an alternative mechanism for reclaiming unused memory is required. Instead of providing the application programmer with an additional operator to reclaim memory, such as delete, the specification mandates the implementation of a collection of memory classes. This paper addresses the error prone and complex task of manual memory management within the constraints of the Sun specification and suggests modifications that might allow Java to be used as an embedded language
The Control of Power for Efficient Batch Mixing

Dans le processus de melange Batch de propergols solides composites, de faibles variations lors du melange peuvent entrainer des modifications indesirables des proprietes et des performances du bloc de propergol. Une nouvelle strategie de melange a boucle fermee est proposee pour ameliorer l'insensibilite du processus de melange vis-a-vis de ces petites modifications et reduire ainsi les modifications du produit final d'un processus Batch a un autre. La nouvelle strategie de melange se base sur l'hypothese selon laquelle la reproductabilite du resultat du melange peut etre amelioree en executant le processus de melange de la meme maniere et que l'efficacite peut etre amelioree par un controle continu des performances. On justifie cette hypothese. L'efficacite de la nouvelle strategie de melange est demontree par des simulations en utilisant un modele de processus base sur des mesures et des analyses pendant un processus de melange reel avec un propergol composite nitrate d'ammonium. Les resultats montrent que la nouvelle strategie ameliore la reproductabilite du processus de melange par reduction des fluctuations lors du melange et elimination des fluctuations lors de la repetition du processus Batch. La nouvelle strategie de melange s'avere realisable. Etant donne que cette nouvelle strategie donne des resultats positifs avec une large marge de manoeuvre pour ce processus de melange difficile, elle devrait etre egalement efficace pour le processus Batch dans le domaine des propergols solides composites.
I–O Psychologists and Intelligence Research: Active, Aware, and Applied

Scherbaum, Goldstein, Yusko, Ryan, and Hanges (2012) have challenged industrial–organizational (I–O) psychologists to ‘‘launch a new research agenda’’ on intelligence. Although we enthusiastically support the authors’ call for more intelligence research, we believe that several of their claims depict the current state of affairs as more dire than is actually the case. We argue that I–O psychologists are more active in the area of intelligence research than the authors present, maintain that
Principles of Isotachophoresis and Dynamics of the Isotachophoretic Separation of Two Components

Abstract This paper reviews the principles of isotachophoresis, a separation method in which a migrating steady-state zone structure is established through electrical transport. Prior to attaining steady state, a moving transient system of homogeneous zones is gradually reduced to consecutive sample zones of constant length, where all boundaries migrate with equal velocity. The separation process of a pair of sample components is discussed to illustrate the dynamics of this unique electrophoretic method. Solutions in terms of separation time, separation rate, and separation distance are given. Furthermore, techniques for the enhancement of the maximum sample load of a column are discussed. The features of isotachophoresis are presented to illustrate the advantages of multichannel zone detection in an isotachophoretic instrument.
Performance and Design Guidelines for Silicon-Based Micro-ring Modulators in 10 Gbits/s Systems

We show key design guidelines for three types of micro-ring modulators. We find that: (i) the dual-waveguide structure can have a 10-dB higher Q and is tolerant to long transit times, (ii) the induced peak shift can have an optimal value, and (iii) detuning before transmission can decrease penalty 10 dB further.
Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Liver Transplant Recipients

Objective To analyze possible causative mechanisms for intracranial hemorrhage after orthotopic liver transplantation. Design We conducted a retrospective survey of medical records and a case-control comparison in patients who had undergone liver transplantation during the period 1986 through 1992. Material and Methods In a group of 8 patients with intracranial hemorrhage after orthotopic liver transplantation and a control series of 207 patients who had undergone liver transplantation but did not have intracranial hemorrhage, we summarized pertinent clinical and laboratory data and statistically analyzed potential risk factors for hemorrhage. Results In the eight study patients, intracerebral hematomas were located in the parietal or frontal lobe in six, the cerebellum in one, and the putamen in one. Autopsy demonstrated a Candida -associated mycotic aneurysm in one of the eight patients, and one had disseminated aspergillosis. No statistically significant differences in thrombocytopenia, hypertension, extracranial bleeding sites, or cyclosporine-related neurotoxicity were found when these patients were compared with the control series. Bacteremia or fungemia was found in five of the eight patients with intracerebral hemorrhages (62%) but in only 11 % of the control group (P = 0.03; Fisher's exact test). Conclusion Overwhelming infections, thrombocytopenia, or both may have a role in intracerebral hemorrhage after liver transplantation.
even skipped is required to produce a trans-acting signal for larval neuroblast proliferation that can be mimicked by ecdysone

Development of a multicellular organism requires precise coordination of cell division and cell type determination. The selector homeoprotein Even skipped (Eve) plays a very specific role in determining cell identity in the Drosophila embryo, both during segmentation and in neuronal development. However, studies of gene expression in eve mutant embryos suggest that eve regulates the embryonic expression of the vast majority of genes. We present here genetic interaction and phenotypic analysis showing that eve functions in the trol pathway to regulate the onset of neuroblast division in the larval CNS. Surprisingly, Eve is not detected in the regulated neuroblasts, and culture experiments reveal that Eve is required in the body, not the CNS. Furthermore, the effect of an eve mutation can be rescued both in vivo and in culture by the hormone ecdysone. These results suggest that eve is required to produce a trans-acting factor that stimulates cell division in the larval brain.
The Face–Time Continuum Lifespan Changes in Facial Width-to-Height Ratio Impact Aging-Associated Perceptions

Aging influences how a person is perceived on multiple dimensions (e.g., physical power). Here we examined how facial structure informs these evolving social perceptions. Recent work examining young adults' faces has revealed the impact of the facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) on perceived traits, such that individuals with taller, thinner faces are perceived to be less aggressive, less physically powerful, and friendlier. These perceptions are similar to those stereotypically associated with older adults. Examining whether fWHR might contribute to these changing perceptions over the life span, we found that age provides a shifting context through which fWHR differentially impacts aging-related social perceptions (Study 1). In addition, archival analyses (Study 2) established that fWHR decreases across age, and a subsequent study found that fWHR mediated the relationship between target age and multiple aging-related perceptions (Study 3). The findings provide evidence that fWHR decreases across age and influences stereotypical perceptions that change with age.
Characterization of sequence variability in nucleosome core histone folds.

The three-helix, ∼65-residue histone fold domain is the most structurally conserved part of the core histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. However, it evinces a notable degree of sequence variation within and between histone classes. We used two approaches to characterize sequence variation in these histone folds, toward elucidating their structure/function relationships and evolution. On the one hand we asked how much of the sequence variation seen in structure-based alignments of the folds maintains physicochemical properties at a position, and on the other, whether conservation correlates to structural importance, as measured by the number of residue-to-residue contacts a position makes. Strong physicochemical conservation or correlation of conservation to contacts would support the idea that functional constraints, rather than genetic drift, determines the observed range of variants at a given position. We used an 11-state table of physicochemical properties to classify each position in the core histone fold (CHF) alignments, and a public website (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/cgi-bin/valdar/scorecons_server.pl) to score conservation. We found that, depending on histone class, from 38 to 77% of CHF positions are maximally conserved physicochemically, and that for H2B, H3, and H4 the degree to which a position is conserved correlates positively to the number of contacts made by the residue at that position in the crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle. We also examined the correlation between conservation and the type of contact (e.g., inter- or intrachain, histone-histone, or histone-DNA, etc.). For H2B, H3, and H4 we found a positive correlation between conservation and number of interchain protein contacts. No such correlation or statistical significance was found for DNA or intrachain contacts. This suggests that variations in the CHF sequences could be functionally constrained by requirements to make sufficient interchain histone contacts. We also suggest that inventory of histone residue variants can augment functional studies of histones. An example is presented for histone H3. Proteins 2003;52:454–465. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Laboratory Method for Assessment of Dentrifrice Abrasivity

This is the report of the Laboratory Abrasion Committee of the American Dental Association (ADA) Dentifrice Program relative to specific methods to measure the in vitro abrasivity of dentifrices. This method was used in two collaborative studies with six participating laboratories. These studies were designed by the ADA Dentifrice Program Statistical Committee and their interpretations form a basis for recommendations on the use of the method. This laboratory method is recommended for use in dentifrice development and may provide some basis for expectations in normal dentifrice use.
Identifying Psychosocial Risk Indicative of Subsequent Resource Use in Families of Newly Diagnosed Pediatric Oncology Patients

Purpose: The primary purpose of this prospective study was to identify the level of risk for psychosocial distress in families of children newly diagnosed with cancer. Additional study aims were to examine concordance among family and staff reports of psychosocial risk, changes in risk status over time, and to predict the use of psychosocial resources during the first months of treatment. Patients and Methods: Caregivers of 125 children newly diagnosed with cancer completed the Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT) at diagnosis (t1) and 3 to 6 months later (t2). Primary oncologists and nurses completed an analogous measure of perceived family psychosocial risk at t1 and t2. At t2, oncology social workers reported types and intensity of psychosocial interventions provided. Results: The PAT identified three subsets of families who presented with increasing levels of psychosocial risk at diagnosis. In general, there was moderate concordance among family, oncologist, and nurse reports of psychosocial risk. PAT s...
Equivalent capacity and its application to bandwidth allocation in high-speed networks

The authors propose a computationally simple approximate expression for the equivalent capacity or bandwidth requirement of both individual and multiplexed connections, based on their statistical characteristics and the desired grade-of-service (GOS). The purpose of such an expression is to provide a unified metric to represent the effective bandwidth used by connections and the corresponding effective load of network links. These link metrics can then be used for efficient bandwidth management, routing, and call control procedures aimed at optimizing network usage. While the methodology proposed can provide an exact approach to the computation of the equivalent capacity, the associated complexity makes it infeasible for real-time network traffic control applications. Hence, an approximation is required. The validity of the approximation developed is verified by comparison to both exact computations and simulation results. >
Modeling image degradations for improving OCR

Clean documents are relatively easy to recognize. However, when digitizing collections of documents, the clean ones are rarely the documents that are encountered. The processes of printing and scanning documents introduce image degradations that interfere with the segmentation and recognition processes. Mathematical models of the degradation processes are presented. From these the types of degradations that are seen can be quantitatively and qualitatively described. Included in the discussion are sampling, edge spread, corner erosion, and edge noise. The relationship between these degradations and common OCR errors is described. By considering the degradation model, a theoretical foundation is available to improve the document recognition process.
Double Flap Incision Design for Guided Bone Regeneration: A Novel Technique and Clinical Considerations

Background: Premature membrane exposure for guided bone regeneration may result in complications, such as inadequate bone regeneration, inflammatory reactions, and wound infection. This paper presents a clinical case of a novel incision-flap design used to advance the flap to enhance tension-free primary closure for the vertical ridge augmentation.Methods: A 61-year-old white man presented with the chief complaint of wanting to replace his posterior mandibular teeth. A severe alveolar bone deformity vertically and horizontally (Seibert Class III) was noticed, especially over the mental foramen area. A staged guided bone regeneration procedure prior to the implant installation was chosen as the most optimal treatment. A partial-thickness flap, separating the mucosal flap from the periosteum overlying the alveolar bone, was used to advance the flap.Results: During the healing period, neither soft tissue dehiscence nor membrane exposure were noted. Clinical and radiographic evaluation revealed a 4- to 5-mm g...
Efficient Computational Algorithms for Searching for Good Designs According to the Generalized Minimum Aberration Criterion

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACTGeneralized minimum aberration was introduced by Deng and Tang (1999) as a criterion for comparing and assessing the “goodness” of nonregular fractional factorial designs. For small run sizes, generalized minimum aberration designs can be obtained by a complete search of Hadamard matrices; however, for larger run sizes a complete search is impractical. The main purpose of this paper is to study the use of efficient computational algorithms to construct generalized minimum aberration designs. Application to small run sizes shows that our algorithms perform almost as well as complete search, but with much less computing time. This strongly suggests that our algorithms should be successful in finding good designs for larger run sizes.
Learn-A-Prep II as a Predictor of Psychomotor Performance in a Restorative Dentistry Course

This investigation assessed whether early student performance with a dental handpiece on a didactic training aid known as the Learn-A-Prep II (LAP II) was predictive of performance on subsequent practical examinations in a preclinical restorative dentistry course. Eighty-one first-year students were given initial handpiece training and formative feedback using the LAP II and were then instructed to independently prepare four LAP II patterns within the pattern lines and at a specified depth. Performance on the LAP II was compared with the summative assessment on two subsequent amalgam preparation practical examinations given at the middle (Class II) and end (Complex) of the course. Pattern preparation within the lines did not significantly improve the likelihood of receiving an A or B on the Class II practical (p=0.53) or on the Complex practical (p=0.37). Students who had an acceptable depth on the LAP II were 3.73 times more likely to receive an A or B on the Class II practical than those students who did not have acceptable depth (p=0.03). Performance at an acceptable depth did not significantly improve the likelihood of receiving an A or B on the Complex practical (p=0.15). The LAP II may aid in identification of students who would benefit from early intervention with additional focused instruction.
Investigation Report on Growth Process of Four Wild Mushroom in Chuxiong Region

Tricholoma matsutake(S. Ito et S.Imai) Singer,Boletus edulis Bull.:Fr.,Thelephora ganbajun M. Zang and Tuber indicum Cooke et Massee. was the most valuable wild edible mushroom in Chuxiong prefecture. Growth process of the four kinds of wild edible mushroom was investigated and observed on the experimental base. According to the investigation,the whole time that lasted from formation to decay,the life cycle and the growth time achieving each commodity level was obtained. The required time from fungus-bud formation to achieve economic mature mushroom,which was the effective time when the quality was up to the most economic value and the maximum weight,and the average individual size was recognized and mastered. Furthermore,scientific and reasonable relevant measures were taken to obtain the highest economic income produced in forestland per unit area. The results obtained provided instructions for relevant measures and sustainable utilization of the precious wild edible mushroom in Chuxiong prefecture
49 THE CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL PROFILE OF AIDS-RELATED LYMPHOMA IN THE ERA OF HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY.

The morbidity and mortality of people living with HIV have been dramatically improved with the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, the incidence of AIDS-related lymphoma (ARL) has not declined as significantly and some studies report no change or even an increase in the incidence of ARL in the HAART era. We compared the epidemiologic, immunologic, and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with ARL in the pre-HAART and HAART eras. We used the Adult/Adolescent Spectrum of HIV-related Diseases database of Public Health—Seattle and King County to determine incidences and trends among patients diagnosed with ARL in King County, WA. We noted a significant decline in the incidence of ARL among AIDS patients from 37 patients per 1,000 person-years in the pre-HAART era to 8 patients per 1,000 person-years in the HAART era (p
We Met at the Institute in Copenhagen

Shortly after arriving at the Institute for Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen (now known as the Niels Bohr Institute) in January 1952 at the start of a postdoctoral fellowship, I met Walter Kohn. He had already been there for about a half a year. The combination of my being abroad for the first time and being at that institution that was so renowned in the world of physics made me feel a bit overwhelmed. In his usual open, friendly and generous manner, Walter went out of his way to make me feel at home at the Institute, and ultimately to help make my stay there more profitable and enjoyable. In addition to talking to me about physics and other matters, he invited me to his home on several occasions. Considering that he and his wife were also away from home and that they had a young and growing family, the invitations were most generous. And, the warmth of the Kohn’s made the visits memorable.
A Review and Correlations for Convection Heat Transfer and Pressure Losses in Toroidal and Helically Coiled Tubes

ABSTRACTThe conducted review of the experiments for pressure losses and convection heat transfer in toroidal and coiled tubes yielded 2,410 pressure losses data for water, air, and ethylene glycol flows in 62 different coiled tubes. These data are used to develop a friction factor correlation, in terms of a modified Dean number. The compiled Nusselt number database of 176 data points for flows of water, air, and water–10% and 43.5% glycerol mixtures and additional 17 data points for flows of ethylene glycol, n-amyl alcohol, n-butanol, and n-amyl acetate, with higher Prandtl numbers of 15–175, is correlated in terms of the modified Reynolds number. The friction factor and Nusselt number correlations span the entire range of the data, and agree with the data to within ±20%. In addition, the experimental data of the critical Reynolds number are correlated to within ±10%. The developed correlations are compared to those reported previously. The comparison of the calculated results for a coiled tube and a stra...
BML revisited: Statistical physics, computer simulation, and probability: Research Articles

Statistical physics, computer simulation, and discrete mathematics are intimately related through the study of shared lattice models. These models lie at the foundation of all three fields, are studied extensively, and can be highly influential. Yet new computational and mathematical tools may challenge even well-established beliefs. Consider the BML model, which is a paradigm for modeling self-organized patterns of traffic flow and first-order jamming transitions. Recent findings, on the existence of intermediate states, bring into question the standard understanding of the jamming transition. We review the results and show that the onset of full-jamming can be considerably delayed based on the geometry of the system. We also introduce an asynchronous version of BML, which lacks the self-organizing properties of BML, has none of the puzzling intermediate states, but has a sharp, discontinuous, transition to full jamming. We believe this asynchronous version will be more amenable to rigorous mathematical analysis than standard BML. We discuss additional models, such as bootstrap percolation, the honey-comb dimer model and the rotor-router, all of which exemplify the interplay between the three fields, while also providing cautionary tales. Finally, we synthesize implications for how results from one field may relate to the other, and also implications specific to computer implementations. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 12, 30–39, 2006This paper was submitted as an invited paper resulting from the “Understanding Complex Systems” conference held at the University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign, May 2005.
Psychoanalytic Engagements With Death: Discussion of Martin Frommer’s “Death Is Nothing at All: On Contemplating Non-Existence”

In this discussion, I reflect on some historical, theoretical, and clinical implications of Martin Frommer’s thesis that death anxieties are best navigated via reaffirming attachments with that which is beyond the self. Frommer’s examples of active engagement with his patients in personal modes of discourse about shared existential concerns are considered in terms of the ethics and responsibilities of self-disclosure and the therapist’s own subjective reactions to the death anxieties. Frommer’s contribution is applauded as an exemplar of relational psychoanalytic therapy that incorporates and goes beyond Freud’s formulations of internal processes of identification with the deceased.
Chemosensitivity and DNA repair in BRCA1 deficient murine mammary epithelial cells

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005 4390 Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among US women. Inherited mutations in the BRCA1 tumor suppressor gene result in a 50-85% lifetime risk for developing breast cancer and an increased risk for ovarian and prostate cancer. While these germline mutation carriers account for 5% of breast cancer cases, emerging evidence suggests that up to 30% of sporadic breast cancers exhibit epigenetic silencing of BRCA1 by promoter hypermethylation and other mechanisms. These BRCA1 associated tumors are frequently estrogen receptor (ER) negative and often carry mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. The lack of ER renders BRCA1 deficient cancers ineffective targets of hormonal manipulations, therefore making chemotherapy the only treatment option available to patients with metastatic disease. The BRCA1 protein has been implicated in many cellular processes, yet its specific mechanism of tumor suppression remains unclear. BRCA1 plays a role in several DNA repair pathways including nucleotide excision repair (NER). We have demonstrated, by an MTT chemosensitivity assay, that Brca1 deficient murine mammary epithelial cells (MMECs) are 3-fold more sensitive to ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation, 10-fold more sensitive to cisplatin, and 25-fold more sensitive to gemcitabine chemotherapy than the isogenic, Brca1 positive parental cell line. In addition, Brca1 deficient cells demonstrate decreased repair of UV-C induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in genomic DNA. Loss of Brca1 expression leads to blunted UV-C induced expression of the damaged-DNA binding proteins xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC), but not DDB2, which is mutated in xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group E (XPE). These results confirm our earlier findings that Brca1 is involved in global genomic NER, and affects this process through regulation of DNA damage recognition protein gene expression. In addition, the altered chemosensitivity observed in BRCA1 deficient cells raises the possibility that individuals with BRCA1 deficient cancers may benefit from treatment with agents not traditionally used to treat breast cancer.
State-of-the-Art in the Structure of Harmony Search Algorithm

The harmony search algorithm has been so far applied to various optimization problems. Also, the algorithm structure has been customized on a case-by-case basis by tweaking the basic structure. The objective of this chapter is to introduce the state-of-the-art structure of the basic harmony search algorithm.
Cleft Lip and Palate Malformations

This chapter describes the embryology and development of cleft lip and palate deformities in children. Schematic figures and clinical photographs illustrate the more common anomalies and surgeries used to correct these malformations.
Restoring the Drooping Tip and Hanging Columella in Revision Rhinoplasty

A drooping or ptotic nasal tip can be congenital, iatrogenic, or related to the changes of the aging nose. Commonly, it can be the result of an inadequately performed rhinoplasty. In addition to the unappealing cosmetic outcome, a ptotic nasal tip can also result in nasal obstruction as a consequence of compromised nasal airflow due to the dependent position of the tip. Proper alar-columellar proportion is also of paramount importance when contemplating revision rhinoplasty. A hanging columella can occur both in primary and revision rhinoplasty. Proper diagnosis of this condition requires a fundamental understanding of the normal alar-columellar relationship and being able to distinguish between a hanging columella and a retracted ala. In addition, the expert rhinoplasty surgeon must be able to diagnose the etiology of the hanging columella prior to embarking upon a treatment plan. This chapter highlights the pertinent anatomy, etiology, and treatment for both the drooping nasal tip and hanging columella specifically as it pertains to revision rhinoplasty.
Application of an LDA Classifier for Determining User-Intent in Multi-DOF Quasi-Static Shoulder Tasks in Individuals with Chronic Stroke: Preliminary Analysis

Abnormal synergies commonly present after stroke, limiting function and accomplishment of ADL’s. They cause co-activation of sets of muscles spanning multiple joints across the affected upper-extremity. These synergies present proportionally to the amount of shoulder effort, thus the effects of the synergy reduce with reduced effort of shoulder muscles. A promising solution may be the application of a wearable exoskeletal robotic device to support the paretic shoulder in hopes to maximize function. To date, control strategies for such a device remain unknown. This work examines the feasibility of using two different linear discriminant analysis classifiers to control shoulder abduction and adduction as well as external and internal rotation simultaneously, two primary degrees of freedom that have gone largely unstudied in hemiparetic stroke. Forces, moments, and muscle activity were recorded during single and dual-tasks involving these degrees of freedom. A classifier that classified all tasks was able to determine user-intent in 14 of the 15 tasks above 90% accuracy. A classifier using force and moment data provided an average 94.3% accuracy, EMG 79%, and data sets combined, 94.9% accuracy. Parallel classifiers identifying user-intent in either abduction and adduction or internal and external rotation were 95.4%, 92.6%, and 97.3% accurate for the respective data sets. These preliminary results indicate that it seems possible to classify user-intent of the paretic shoulder in these degrees of freedom to an adequate accuracy using load cell data or load cell and EMG data combined that would enable control of a powered exoskeletal device.