cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A hybrid analog/digital circuit for experiments in controlling chaos

This paper describes a hybrid analog/digital circuit consisting of a chaotic oscillator, an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, and a digital-to-analog (D/A) converter. The A/D converter is used to sample the oscillator output while the D/A converter generates a control voltage to drive the oscillator. Both the A/D and D/A converters are controlled by an external processor through a digital interface. Two external processors have been used: a personal computer via a parallel port and a Texas Instruments (TI) digital signal processing (DSP) board via an external memory interface. As an example application, a board containing multiple copies of this circuit was used to synchronize two chaotic oscillators as proposed in Jankowski et al. (Int. Journal of Electronics, vol. 79, pp. 823-828, 1995). The resulting system is readily reconfigured to sample and generate external signals. Example C code for the TI DSP processor is included.
Quantifying Changes in Vegetation in Shrinking Grazing Areas in Africa

Pastoralists around the globe are being sedentarised and livestock mobility is declining. Animals once able to move about landscapes to access ephemeral green forage are being confined to small areas with fewer forage choices. The ecosystem model SAVANNA was used to quantify the effects of land subdivision and sedentarisation on vegetation traits in South Africa and Kenya. In South Africa, significant declines in high palatability green leaf biomass, annual net primary productivity, and root biomass were recorded as a 300 km 2 block of land was subdivided into parcels of 10 km 2 . In contrast, low palatability biomass measures generally increased. Woody plant populations and slow decomposing soil organic matter increased significantly, whereas surface litter declined. In southern Kajiado District, Kenya, group ranches in which livestock populations declined under subdivision showed increases in herbaceous biomass, whereas the ranch where livestock populations did not change under subdivision had less herbaceous biomass. Livestock within small parcels were food stressed in the dry season and their populations declined so that vegetation increased beyond what could be eaten in the wet season. The vegetation changes modelled led to, or reflected, significant declines in livestock. The results suggest that stakeholders should retain open access to subdivided lands to reduce loss of vegetation productivity.
Modulational Stability of Two-Phase Sine-Gordon Wavetrains

Abstract : The modulational stability of real, two-phase sine-Gordon wavetrains are studied. There are three classes of such waves; we find the kink-kink trains are stable, while the breather trains and kink-radiation trains are unstable to modulations. These results continue the investigations of Flaschka, Forest, and McLaughlin for the kdV equation and of Forest and McLaughlin for the sing-Gordon and sine-Gordon equations. In a previous paper the sine-Gordon two-phase modulation theory could only be carried to an intermediate stage. Here we use recent results of Ercolani and Forest to complete this project.
Social Justice, Peace, and Environmental Education: Transformative Standards

This new book contains a wealth of information for teaching about social justice, peace, and environmental education (SJPEE) ranging from specific classroom activities and curriculum content to cle...
Digital video and digital TV: a comparison and the future directions

This paper presents an overview of the development and current work of recent emerge of all digital high definition television system based on the MPEG-2 compression scheme. It explores the advantages and disadvantages of Japan's MUSE, European DVB, and U.S. all digital HDTV systems, examines the global HDTV standardization process, and provides a comprehensive and technical survey of HDTV in Asia, Europe and the U.S. It also analyzes the consumer acceptance and market potential of all digital high definition television, and predicts the future merge of broadcast video and computers.
Authoritarianism-situation interactions in the determination of punitiveness: Engaging authoritarian ideology

Abstract An analysis of previously reported authoritarianism-situation interactions in the determination of punitiveness suggested that the extent to which target person characteristics or behaviors engage the important ideological content dimensions of the authoritarianism syndrome is a potent mediator of authoritariansim-punitiveness relationships. Support for this analysis was obtained in a jury decisions task in which high authoritarians recommended more severe punishments than did low authoritarians for a defendant accused of incest (p
Characterization of a spatial and angular multiplexed volume holographic memory in terms of M

Of the several configurations that have been proposed and studied for the implementation of a high-density, fast- access volume holographic memory system, a 90 degree(s) angular multiplexing configuration that uses a 45 degree(s)-cut iron- doped lithium niobate (LNB:Fe) crystal has attracted much attention in the last few years. In a recent paper, Burr and Psaltis have used this configuration to show that the diffraction efficiency ((eta) ) of each hologram can be estimated by (eta) equals (M/#/N)2, where N is the total number of angular-multiplexed holograms, and that the system parameter (M/#) can be determined by monitoring the recording and erasure dynamic of just one hologram. In addition, the authors have presented a mathematical expression which relates M/# to the photorefractive properties of the holographic material, the intensities of the recording beams and the recording geometry. We have applied the techniques (of Burr and Psaltis) to study a spatial and angular multiplexing configuration in the 90 degree(s) geometry. In this approach the angular multiplexing is combined with the spatial multiplexing technique by partitioning the crystal into a vertical array of `NL' layers, and each layer into a horizontal array of `NC' cells. If each cell can accommodate `N' holograms (by angular multiplexing, for example), then the total number of holograms recorded in the sample becomes N X NL X NC. In this paper, we present the theoretical and experimental results on cell-to-cell variation in M/# within a layer. Our results indicate that the cell-to-cell variation in the M/# can be reduced at the cost of a lower average M/# and a longer recording time. Advantages and limitations of both the theoretical model and the experimental techniques are discussed.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Meniscus formation in a capillary and the role of contact line friction

We studied spontaneous formation of an internal meniscus by dipping glass capillaries of 25 μm to 350 μm radii into low volatile hexadecane and tributyl phosphate. X-ray phase contrast and high speed optical microscopy imaging were employed. We showed that the meniscus completes its formation when the liquid column is still shorter than the capillary radius. After that, the meniscus travels about ten capillary radii at a constant velocity. We demonstrated that the experimental observations can be explained by introducing a friction force linearly proportional to the meniscus velocity with a friction coefficient depending on the air/liquid/solid triplet. It was demonstrated that the friction coefficient does not depend on the capillary radius. Numerical solution of the force balance equation revealed four different uptake regimes that can be specified in a phase portrait. This phase portrait was found to be in good agreement with the experimental results and can be used as a guide for the design of thin porous absorbers.
Discrete-time extremum seeking algorithms

In this paper, we propose three kinds of discrete-time extremum seeking control algorithms. As the static map from the setpoint to the cost function can be approximately represented by a polynomial, the extremum can be easily found according to the polynomial. In the first algorithm, the extremum seeking control is realized by the least square estimation method. In the second and third algorithms, the extremum point is estimated by approximating the static map as a parabola and an ellipse, respectively. The simulation results show the feasibility of the proposed algorithms.
Signal Power Integrity and Design Consideration in Package Modeling

Package electrical modeling is very critical for evaluating system level performance in high speed system design. The properties of the model, for example, the valid frequency range, the accuracy of the model and the complexity of the model, directly affect the simulation results and simulation time. The model should capture enough package electrical behavior to enable accurate signal and power integrity analysis and guide design improvements. This paper presents a thorough review of the challenges in package modeling related with both signal and power integrity. Feasible solutions are presented with practical package modeling examples.
T Cell Receptor γ-Chain Gene Polymerase Chain Reaction to Diagnose Central Nervous System Involvement by Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma

The authors describe a patient who was suspected of having cutaneous T cell lymphoma involvement of the brain despite repeatedly negative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology, inconclusive flow cytometry, and no discrete lesion for brain biopsy. The diagnosis was made by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis that showed a monoclonal T cell receptor γ-chain gene rearrangement in the CSF, identically sized to that present in a skin biopsy specimen. Thus, PCR could be used early and routinely to diagnose central nervous system spread of T cell lymphomas, because of its potentially superior sensitivity and specificity to CSF cytology.
Tuning DNA Bending with Charged Nanoparticles: Molecular Simulations

The interactions between DNA and charged nanoparticles have transpired into applications from biosensors to DNA-templated metallization. However, the process of non-specific DNA binding with NP is difficult to characterize and is not well understood. We performed molecular dynamics simulations to understand the mechanisms of DNA-NP interactions and observed that the ligand chemistry on the NPs has contrasting impact on the helical structure of DNA. All atom simulations show that uncharged NPs with -CH3 and -NH2 ligand end groups can only bind to the minor groove of DNA through hydrophobic interactions and do not induce a DNA helical distortion. On the other hand, charged NPs (from +6 to +60) can bind to both major and minor grooves of DNA. Moreover, while highly charged NPs wrap the DNA tightly, weakly charged NP can partially denaturate the DNA helix through a collective clustering behavior. Overall, we observed that by tuning the ligand chemistry and its density of GNP we can control the binding modes and the structural mechanics of DNA.
Deploying soldiers, deploying words

An underlying assumption of this issue's theme is that not only can language be manipulated to serve political interests, but using language differently opens spaces for political action which can reinforce or go beyond existing parameters of thinking. Often, linguistic strategies enable political action, for good or ill, which previously would have been proscribed. In postwar Germany, the use of the military abroad was a taboo written in the blood of the Second World War. Yet in 1995 German combat troops were sent with overwhelming support as part of a peacekeeping mission to the former Yugoslavia, a location that nary a year earlier the German Foreign Minister had sworn German troops would never again encounter. How was it possible that in the course of one year the German government garnered parliamentary support and undertook a historic first with relatively little public debate? The usual answers, which lie in the pragmatics of politics—the exigencies of the NATO alliance, for example, or the sheer u...
Leveraging social networks for corporate staffing and expert recommendation

Effective management of human resources is a significant challenge faced by most organizations. In this paper, we look at two problems that arise in large, globally distributed organizations: staffing projects with the required subject matter experts and connecting subject matter experts to other employees who can benefit from their expertise. Several approaches based on automated skill matching have been suggested in the past to solve these problems. However, we argue that social relationships play an important role in both of these functions, and better matches can be obtained by combining skill matching with rich social interaction data. We describe two systems that exploit social networking data to solve these problems and report the results of real life experiments performed using these systems.
Age-related changes in auditory function of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in auditory function associated with aging in rhesus monkeys ( Macaca mulatta ) as a model for age-related changes in humans. One advantage of using monkeys from the Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center was that lifestyle factors such as diet and excessive noise exposure were controlled. Twenty younger (mean: 10 years, 9 months, S.D.=±6 months) and 20 older (mean: 25 years, 11 months, S.D.=±11 months) monkeys were used in this study. Cochlear function in these monkeys was measured with distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs); neural function was measured with auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and middle latency responses (MLRs). Older monkeys had (1) significantly smaller DPOAEs, (2) significantly smaller ABR peak amplitudes, and (3) significantly longer ABR peak latencies compared to younger monkeys. Overall, these results suggest that older monkeys have decreased cochlear and neural function to the level of the brainstem as compared to younger monkeys. The decrease in DPOAE level and the increase in age accounted for approximately 70% of the increase in peak IV latency.
A comparison of high-temperature flare models with observations and implications for the low-temperature flare

EUV data from the Harvard College Observatory and Naval Research Laboratory instruments on board the Skylab Apollo telescope mount, together with SOLRAD 9 X-ray data, are analyzed in order to empirically deduce the variation of emission measure with temperature in the atmosphere of a number of solar flares. A 'mean' differential emission measure profile Q(T) for a flare is constructed which is then compared with the profile predicted by a number of theoretical models. It is found that realistic flare models must include both conductive and radiative terms in the energy equation, and that hydrodynamic terms may be important at low temperatures. The implications of the results obtained are discussed for flare models in general and it is shown that the inclusion of the conductive term into models which have hitherto neglected it can perhaps resolve some of the observational difficulties with such models.
MONOTONIC INFLUENCE DIAGRAMS: FOUNDATIONS AND APPLICATION TO OPTIMAL DESIGN

Monotonic influence diagrams (MID) are proposed for qualitative and mathematical functional reasoning about the relationships between the variables of a design problem. The theory of MID's is based on a graph-theoretic representation of an optimization problem which can be topologicaly transformed as a means of solving the problem and exploring variable-objective-constraint relationships. Formally, a monotonic influence diagram is a directed graph consisting of nodes and arcs. The nodes represent design variables and the arcs reveal their relationships. A deterministic qualitative relation between two variables is given by the sign of the partial derivative of the function defining one of the variables with respect to the other variable. Topological transformations such as arc reversal and node removal allow qualitative relations to be determined between constrained design variables and the objective function to be minimized or maximized. In this sense, MID's provide a reasoning mechanism about constraint...
Interpretation, Psychoanalysis, and the Philosophy of Mind:

I suggest that a conflict between two philosophical models of the mind so far unremarked in discussions of psychoanalysis is at the heart of questions about its status as a science, the objectivity of psychoanalytic interpretations, and the nature of the unconscious. In philosophy one model is embodied in the tradition of Descartes, Hobbes, Locke, Kant, among many others, which construes thought as prior to and independent of language. According to this tradition the mind is self-contained and mental contents or “ideas” are essentially subjective phenomena. It follows that knowledge of other minds and the material world is radically problematic. In the second and more contemporary model the phenomenon of meaning is dependent on interactions between minds, and between mind and the world. Since meaning is understood to be intrinsically social, so in an important sense is mind. I develop this second philosophic model, indicating its relevance for psychoanalysis. I also point out some of the contributions of ...
MATHEMATICS AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL

The development of a given discipline in science and technology often depends on the availability of theories capable of describing the processes which control the field and of modelling the interactions between these processes. The absence of an accepted theory of information retrieval has been blamed for the relative disorder and the lack of technical advances in the area. The main mathematical approaches to information retrieval are examined in this study, including both algebraic and probabilistic models, and the difficulties which impede the formalization of information retrieval processes are described. A number of developments are covered where new theoretical understandings have directly led to the improvement of retrieval techniques and operations.
Optimal quantizer step sizes for transform coders

As evidenced by the theoretical modeling and simulation presented, the optimal quantizer solution for run-length and Huffman coding is quite addressable for the Laplacian case. The step sizes may be calculated in advance for images that share common statistics. Furthermore, the model can also be used for other uses such as bit-management for rate control and lower bound estimation for compressed file sizes; it is also the first step in the general solution to the transform coder quantization problem. >
Determination of total and water-insoluble-combined lactic acid in lactic acid modified fatty glycerides

Analytical methods for the determination of total and water insoluble combined lactic acid in lactic acid modified fatty glycerides are described. The acids are liberated from their esters by saponification. Lactic acid is determined by simple acid-base titration after removal of fatty acids via liquid-liquid extraction. Water soluble constituents are extracted from a dichloro-methane solution of the esters with 5% aqueous sodium sulfate prior to determination of water insoluble lactic acid. Methods are rapid, simple, and suitable for use in a plant control laboratory. Extension of the procedure provides for the simultaneous determination of fatty acid and glycerine on a single sample.
Automated Situational Awareness Sensing for Homeland Defense

Advances in information technology enable a capability to gather large amounts of raw data from all parts of our society to a degree of efficiency that can actually encumber surveillance missions. Today one can create automated networks of sensors to gather enormous volumes of data, but we do not have the human capacity to sort through all this raw data. Similar problems exist in the area of machinery condition or health monitoring - another surveillance problem. By automating data collection, processing, fusion and interpretation, one can bring the most relevant and timely information to human analysts, planners, and responders. Key technologies that enable this transformation from data to knowledge are distributed hardware and software architectures, intelligent sensors, data fusion and reasoning algorithms, and open system architectures for information exchange. Distributed hardware and software structures partition complex systems into a collection of interconnected subsystems. Intelligent sensors enable this conversion of data to information by processing massive amounts of data at the subsystem and higher levels to extract contextually relevant information. The transformation from raw sensor data to useful information requires the application of subsystem-specific signal processing and feature extraction algorithms, data fusion, and classification algorithms to combine data and features from commensurate and non-commensurate sensors or information sources. Emerging standards in open system architectures for condition based maintenance apply equally to surveillance systems and condition monitoring systems. Examples from fielded system health monitoring applications are presented along with their parallels to surveillance systems with application to homeland defense.
Interactions of local anesthetics with neuronal 1,4-dihydropyridine binding sites.

Abstract A series of local anesthetics competed with 1,4-dihydropyridine [3H]PN 200 110 binding to synaptosomes from guinea pig cerebral cortex synaptosomes. Dibucaine (10−3M) increased the dissociation rate of bound [3H]PN 200 110 consistent with an indirect, rather than competitive, interaction between local anesthetics and the 1,4-dihydropyridine site. The binding activities were compared to those previously available for local anesthetic competition with [3H]batrachotoxinin benzoate binding at a Na+ channel site. A linear correlation was observed between the two sets of activities with significantly higher activities being exhibited at the Na+ channel site. This relationship is consistent with the significant structural homologies exhibited between Na+ and Ca2+ channels.
Design and fabrication of a large vertical travel silicon inchworm microactuator for the Advanced Segmented Silicon Space Telescope

The goal of this research is to develop inchworm motor systems capable of simultaneously providing nanometer resolution, high stiffness, large output force, long travel range, and compactness for ultraprecision positioning applications in space.
Motion segregation from speed differences: Evidence for nonlinear processing

This paper examines observers' ability to detect regions delimited by speed differences. Several types of translational motion stimuli, of varying task difficulty, were tested over a wide range of base speeds. The observer's task was to decide whether a region of dots moving at a different speed from the base speed was located to the left or right of the display's center. Both increments (dots within the test region moving faster than the base speed) and decrements (dots within the test region moving slower than the base speed) were examined. When the task was relatively difficult the following asymmetries were found: at slow base speeds, incremental thresholds were lower than decremental thresholds; at fast base speeds, the reverse pattern occurred. When the task was relatively easy, no consistent asymmetries were found. It is proposed that the visual system encodes speed through a sigmoidal nonlinear response function, and it is shown that this one nonlinearity can be used to explain results for both easy and difficult tasks.
Classification of anxiety disorders in children: what a difference two decades make

This article provides a summary of what is currently known about the classification of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents; the issues of reliability and validity, both external and internal validity, are the focus. Anxiety disorders can be reliably diagnosed in children and adolescents when structured and/or semi-structured diagnostic interview schedules are used. Although there is strong evidence for the external validity of the broad category of anxiety disorders, the findings are uneven for the specific disorders. Findings relating to external validity also vary depending on the criteria used in the external validation process. Considerably less research has been conducted on internal validity. The little work that has been done generally supports the DSM-IV's internal structure, although this remains an issue that is controversial and requires more research attention. Issues that remain unknown include the reliability of anxiety diagnoses with relative low prevalence in youth, the specifici...
Effect of Acoustic Standing Wave in a Bubble Column

Experiments using nickel magnetostrictive oscillators as transducers that generate acoustic standing waves in a bubble column were conducted in this study. The acoustic frequencies employed are 16 and 20 kHz with power up to 400 W. The column is operated at a constant room temperature, with the heat generated from acoustic excitation removed by the use of a water jacket. The study examines the fundamental behavior of initial bubble size, bubble rise velocity and movement of a swarm of mesobubbles (2−8 mm in diameter), gas−liquid mass transfer, and turbulence under the influence of the Bjerknes force in the acoustic field. The results indicate a smaller initial bubble size, a slower bubble rise velocity, and more concentrated bubble aggregates in the presence, rather than in the absence, of the acoustic field. Furthermore, the gas−liquid mass transfer rate and the liquid-phase turbulence are found to be significantly enhanced when an acoustic field is present.
TEACHING MEDICAL STUDENTS TO RECOGNIZE HUMAN FEELING

The child psychiatrist who has taken his teaching onto the wards of a hospital for children will probably have felt more sadness than surprise at such scenes as these: A 3-year-old girl struggles so vigorously on the treatment table that the nurse has difficulty holding her still despite the use of a restraining sheet. The house officer must obtain a blood sample. He tells her that if she does not lie still he will keep her in the hospital and she cannot go home to her mommy. The child controls her crying, first whimpering, then lying still and pale, with her eyes wide open and her fists clenched. The doctor completes the venipuncture. Later he tells his fellow house officers of his effectiveness in gaining the child's compliance. He has not accurately assessed either the signs of the child's anxiety or the impact of the child's fear on his subsequent relationship with her. Or, in another instance, the surgical house staff has paused during rounds to inform the mother of a 9-month-old infant of the results of the exploratory laparotomy just completed. A benign ovarian tumor has been successfully removed. The child has adequate re-
Newspapers in Victorian Britain

This article argues that while the prolific scholarship on the Victorian press arguably does not constitute a coherent research field that engages with common concerns, broader trends can be identified into which much of the scholarship falls. Specifically, many studies of the Victorian press can be categorized around three questions: the level of continuity or rupture between mid-Victorian newspapers and the New Journalism beginning in the 1880s; the press's role in social control; and the role of the press in buttressing and challenging separate spheres ideologies.
Parent–Child Joint Reading in Traditional and Electronic Formats

There is little question that parent–child joint reading is related to a number of positive childhood outcomes, such as vocabulary acquisition and school success. With the growth of tablet computers, parents are now able to read to their children using different platforms. This study used a repeated-measures design with parents and their preschool-aged children to test the difference between reading interactions and child comprehension on two platforms: traditional books and electronic iPad books. Results indicated that in the electronic reading condition, parents used more talk about the book format and environment than in the traditional book condition, where they used more evaluative comments about content. Children comprehended significantly more in the traditional book condition than in the electronic book condition. Additional analyses suggested that this finding was related to the increase in distraction talk by parents in the electronic book condition. Results suggest that it is important to consi...
Plant pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: Analysis of the kinetic properties and metabolite regulation☆

Abstract The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex was isolated from the mitochondria of broccoli florets and shown to be similar in its reaction mechanism to the complexes from other sources. Three families of parallel lines were obtained for the initial velocity patterns, indicating a multisite ping-pong mechanism. The apparent Km values obtained were 321 ± 18, 148 ± 13, and 7.2 ± 0.51 μ m for pyruvate, NAD+, and CoA, respectively. Product inhibition studies using acetyl-CoA and NADH yielded results which were in agreement with those predicted by the multisite ping-pong mechanism. Acetyl-CoA and NADH were found to be competitive inhibitors versus CoA and NAD+, respectively. All other substrate-product combinations showed uncompetitive inhibition patterns, except for acetyl-CoA versus NAD+. Among various metabolites tested, only hydroxypyruvate (Ki = 0.11 mM) and glyoxylate (Ki = 3.27 mM) were found to be capable of inhibiting the broccoli enzyme to a significant degree. Initial velocity patterns using Mg2+− or Ca2+-thiamine pyrophosphate and pyruvate as the variable substrate were found to be consistent with an equilibrium ordered mechanism where Mg− or Ca-thiamine pyrophosphate bind first, with dissociation constants of 33.8 and 3 μ m , respectively. The Mg- or Ca-thiamine pyrophosphate complexes also dissociated rapidly from the enzyme complex.
A Multi-Country Analysis of Bank Capital and Earnings

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between bank capital and earnings. However, because banks and other financial service firms are increasingly operating in a global marketplace, it is important to examine bank relationships beyond the borders of a single country. This paper, therefore, analyzes the relationship between bank capital and earnings employing a sample of 231 banks in ten Pacific basin countries and the United States. More specifically, following the lead of earlier research, the study examines the relationship between the capital-to-asset ratio and return-on-equity. The empirical results indicate that, contrary to the case of U.S. banks during the 1980s, a significant negative relationship exists between these two variables for the sample banks in the eleven countries in 1994. This relationship generally holds when various control variables, including both firm- and country-specific variables, are included.
Design of Small Wind Turbine

The project has been completed, and all of the aforementioned objectives have been achieved. An anemometer has been constructed to measure wind speed, and a wind vane has been built to sense wind direction. An LCD module has been acquired and has been programmed to display the wind speed and its direction. An H-Bridge circuit was used to drive a gear motor that rotated the nacelle toward the windward direction. Finally, the blade pitch angle was controlled by a swash plate mechanism and servo motors installed on the generator itself. A microcontroller has been programmed to optimally control the servo motors and gear motor based on input from the wind vane and anemometer sensors.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
An evaluation for merging signaling pathways by using protein-protein interaction data

It has been challenging to develop enhanced pathway tools and methods that could expand the coverage and improve the quality of existing annotated human pathway data. We aim to quantitatively evaluate the processes of merging similar or functionally-related signaling pathways together by linking them with protein-protein interaction (PPI) data. We presented a concept of pathway mergeability to examine the merging potential between two different pathways. We analyzed the mergeability variation of existing pathways in an integrated human pathway database (HPD) and potential pathways expended from a human annotated and predicted protein interaction (HAPPI) database with confidence score for each interaction. Furthermore, by comparing the mergeability variation between expanding existing pathways in the HAPPI and expanding existing pathways in randomly-permuted PPI networks, we revealed a quantitative relationship between signaling pathway data and high-quality PPI data. This quantitative relationship will further guide pathway merging processes and also pathway tool development.
HARRIS-LINGOES MMPI-2 PD SUBSCALES AND THE ASSESSMENT OF LAW ENFORCEMENT CANDIDATES

This study analyzed the performance of 111 male law enforcement applicants on MMPI-2 Harris-Lingoes Psychopathic Deviate (Pd) subscales. Applicants' self-descriptions derived from their scores on these subscales showed greater confidence and resistance to authority and less social alienation and personal unhappiness than the MMPI-2 national normative sample. A multiple regression analysis indicated that Pd2 (Authority Problems) was the best predictor of K-corrected Pd scores for the sample of applicants.
Predicting proton transfer barriers with density functional methods

We study the ability of recently developed exchange-correlation functionals to model proton transfer in the H5O2+ model for water and in malonaldehyde. We are particularly interested in assessing the accuracy of the VSXC functional developed in our research group and compare it to other hybrid functionals and high-level wavefunction methods like coupled-cluster theory. We find that VSXC and the hybrid functionals all underestimate proton transfer barriers for H5O2+ but still give a good sense of the overall nature of the potential energy surface. In malonaldehyde, only VSXC produces a proton transfer activation barrier similar to those provided by high-level coupled-cluster methods.
On the Zeros of the Partial Sums to1F1(1; b; z)

In this paper, we explore the asymptotic distribution of the zeros of the partial sums of the one-parameter family of entire functions of order one, given by {1F1(1; b; z):b ∈ R, b > 1}.
Asymptotic behaviour of distributions of harmonic measure for planar domains

We resolve several questions about the harmonic measure distribution function of a planar domain. This function h(r) specifies the harmonic measure of the part of the boundary of the domain which lies within any given distance r of a fixed basepoint in the domain, We focus on the asymptotic behaviour of the function as r decreases towards the distance from the base-point to the boundary of the domain. We show that for each β between zero and one, there is a domain whose distribution function is asymptotically exponential with exponent β, proving our earlier conjecture. We prove that if the base-point in any fixed domain is moved directly towards the closest boundary point, then the value of β cannot decrease. Finally we construct a domain whose distribution function is not asymptotically exponential
Engineered resistance and hypersusceptibility through functional metabolic studies of 100 genes in soybean to its major pathogen, the soybean cyst nematode

During pathogen attack, the host plant induces genes to ward off the pathogen while the pathogen often produces effector proteins to increase susceptibility of the host. Gene expression studies of syncytia formed in soybean root by soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) identified many genes altered in expression in resistant and susceptible roots. However, it is difficult to assess the role and impact of these genes on resistance using gene expression patterns alone. We selected 100 soybean genes from published microarray studies and individually overexpressed them in soybean roots to determine their impact on cyst nematode development. Nine genes reduced the number of mature females by more than 50 % when overexpressed, including genes encoding ascorbate peroxidase, β-1,4-endoglucanase, short chain dehydrogenase, lipase, DREPP membrane protein, calmodulin, and three proteins of unknown function. One gene encoding a serine hydroxymethyltransferase decreased the number of mature cyst nematode females by 45 % and is located at the Rhg4 locus. Four genes increased the number of mature cyst nematode females by more than 200 %, while thirteen others increased the number of mature cyst nematode females by more than 150 %. Our data support a role for auxin and ethylene in susceptibility of soybean to cyst nematodes. These studies highlight the contrasting gene sets induced by host and nematode during infection and provide new insights into the interactions between host and pathogen at the molecular level. Overexpression of some of these genes result in a greater decrease in the number of cysts formed than recognized soybean cyst nematode resistance loci.
Curriculum as Experienced by Students: How Teacher Identity Shapes Science Notebook Use.

This mixed-methods case study examined the notebook entries of one class of 22 second graders as a way of examining how teacher identity shaped the way students experienced their science curriculum. These notebook entries were created during lessons with three different teachers over the course of one school year, using similar kit-based materials to teach science. The entries were coded for inquiry phase, percent missing or incomplete entries, and driving force (teacher-driven, student-driven, or balanced); chi-squared analyses revealed significant differences among the notebook entries created by the same students during lessons taught by each of the three teachers. Qualitative observations of each teachers' instruction around notebook use supported these quantitative differences, and suggested that the differences in curriculum as experienced by students could be attributed to differences in teacher identity, both who the teacher is and what they do in the classroom. These findings indicate that students' notebooks are useful tools for examining how teachers' identities might shape how elementary students experience science curriculum, and that they can be used to help structure more effective professional development plans for each teacher.
Cubeo Hehénewa Religious Thought: Metaphysics of a Northwestern Amazonian People

Editor's AcknowledgmentsEditor's PrefaceEditor's Introduction1. Introduction2. Creation and Emergence3. The Social Order4. Daily Life at Ground Level5. The Cosmic Order6. The Ritual Order7. Death and Mourning8. Shamans, Jaguars, and Thunderers10. GenderAfterword, by Stephen Hugh-JonesGlossaryBibliographyIndex
Supporting Spanish Language Literacy: Latino Children and Free Reading Resources in Schools.

Abstract This study attempts to describe the issues which affect availability of free-reading materials in Spanish in elementary and middle school libraries. Attention was given to documenting the processes and chains of events which result in the actual library collections in selected elementary and middle schools in the Greater Los Angeles area. Nine school libraries were visited to examine current collections and patterns of use as well as implementation of district policies. Secondarily, public libraries closest to each school site were examined in order to determine their role in providing language minority children with free-reading materials. Conclusions were drawn as to the effectiveness of the school library in providing language minority children with access to reading materials in their primary language, and whether the needs of language minority children can be met through use of existing reading resources in the schools and in the community at large. Implications for primary language literacy...
Helping Students Cope in an Age of Terrorism: Strategies for School Counselors

School counselors experience unique challenges as they struggle to provide students with coping skills geared to the outside world including acts of terrorism. Schoolaged students in the United States are one of the most vulnerable populations in the event of a terrorist act. This article offers a review of the current and most relevant literature on the topic of helping students cope in an age of terrorism. The authors provide an overview of a six-step strategic model for school counselors to help prepare students to live and cope in an age of terrorism.
How the IMF lives with its conditionality

In spite of the intense controversy associated with the conditionality of its lending, IMF decisions are not voted upon but are the “sense of the meeting” of the Executive Directors as declared by the Managing Director. This unusual decisionmaking process is a substitute for secrecy of voting, which is not feasible within the IMF. It permits the wealthier countries to impose adjustment conditions without the appearance of the continual exercise of their majority power in the IMF. It permits the poorer, developing countries to agree or to disagree without taking an explicit position or to disagree with less danger to the favorable consideration of any future request which might be made.
Imaging and investigating the effects of incision angle of clear corneal cataract surgery with optical coherence tomography

Effects of incision angle in construction of clear corneal cataract incision are studied with optical coherence tomography (OCT). A stable incision angle range is found to be existent for single-planed, clear corneal cataract incisions. When well pressurized, incision angles within this stable range result in well-apposed incision edges that resist gapping while incision angles falling outside this range have a larger tendency for wound leakage. It is also shown that a two-planed incision can effectively expand the stable range. For incision angles outside the stable range, the farther the incision angle is away from stable range, the larger the gap between incision wound edges when well pressurized. These findings emphasize the significance of incision construction to the self-sealing property of clear corneal cataract incisions. Finally, we demonstrate that OCT could be an effective modality for imaging and monitoring corneal surgery.
Effective query generation and postprocessing strategies for prior art patent search

Rapid increase in global competition demands increased protection of intellectual property rights and underlines the importance of patents as major intellectual property documents. Prior art patent search is the task of identifying related patents for a given patent file, and is an essential step in judging the validity of a patent application. This article proposes an automated query generation and postprocessing method for prior art patent search. The proposed approach first constructs structured queries by combining terms extracted from different fields of a query patent and then reranks the retrieved patents by utilizing the International Patent Classification (IPC) code similarities between the query patent and the retrieved patents along with the retrieval score. An extensive set of empirical results carried out on a large-scale, real-world dataset shows that utilizing 20 or 30 query terms extracted from all fields of an original query patent according to their log(tf)idf values helps form a representative search query out of the query patent and is found to be more effective than is using any number of query terms from any single field. It is shown that combining terms extracted from different fields of the query patent by giving higher importance to terms extracted from the abstract, claims, and description fields than to terms extracted from the title field is more effective than treating all extracted terms equally while forming the search query. Finally, utilizing the similarities between the IPC codes of the query patent and retrieved patents is shown to be beneficial to improve the effectiveness of the prior art search. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Keynote address II: How's the parallel computing revolution going?

Two trends changed the computing landscape over the past decade: (1) hardware vendors started delivering chip multiprocessors (CMPs) instead of uniprocessors, and (2) software developers increasingly chose managed languages instead of native languages. Unfortunately, the former change is disrupting the virtuous-cycle between performance improvements and software innovation. Establishing a new parallel performance virtuous cycle for managed languages will require scalable applications executing on scalable Virtual Machine (VM) services, since the VM schedules, monitors, compiles, optimizes, garbage collects, and executes together with the application. This talk describes current progress, opportunities, and challenges for scalable VM services. The parallel computing revolution urgently needs more innovations.
Effect of fat sources on satiety.

AbstractALFENAS, RITA C.G. AND RICHARD D. MATTES.Effect of fat sources on satiety. Obes Res. 2003;11:183–187.Objective: There are inconsistent reports on the satietyvalue of different fatty acids. This study compared theappetitive effects of two fat sources rich in monounsaturatedfatty acids (peanut oil and canola oil) with a source rich insaturated fatty acids (butter).Research Methods and Procedures: After an overnightfast, lean participants completed a questionnaire elicitinginformation about hunger, fullness, desire to eat, and pro-spective consumption. They then consumed one of the pre-loads (muffins containing 40 g of each fat source or no fat)and 150 mL of water within 15 minutes. Questionnaireswere completed again 30, 60, and 120 minutes after preloadingestion. Participants kept dietary records during the sub-sequent 24 hours.Results: Canola and peanut oil muffins resulted in higherfullness, and butter, canola, and peanut oil muffins re-sulted in lower hunger ratings 30, 60, and 120 minutesafter preload ingestion compared with the fat-free pre-load. No differences were observed among the fat-con-taining loads. Although energy intake 24 hours afterconsumption of the preloads was also comparable ondays the three fat-containing loads were consumed, en-ergy consumption after each study session was higherwhen the fat-free muffins were provided. However, totalenergy intake, including the calories provided by thepreloads, was similar across treatments.Discussion: These data do not support a differential satietyeffect of fat sources rich in monounsaturated fatty acidsrelative to one rich in saturated fatty acids.Key words: satiety, monounsaturated fatty acids, satu-rated fatty acids, caloric intake
Organized medicine and physician specialization in Scandinavia and West Germany.

An analysis of post‐graduate medical training is utilized to explore political relationships between physician organizations, government bureaucrats and the medical professoriate in Scandinavia and West Germany. The ‘enchambered’ German medical profession differs from its Scandinavian counterparts largely in the number and political influence of private specialists, who have been politically dominant within the compulsory German organizations. Whereas the Scandinavian medical organizations have, under varying degrees of duress, yielded the authority for specialist accreditation to state‐appointed committees, the German chambers have been able to maintain control of this process. Some leaders have also cooperated with medical faculties to thwart attempts by general practitioners to establish zones of GP influence in the medical schools. However, in the context of a worsening medical market in the 1980s, their ability to mediate intra‐professional conflicts between GPs and specialists, and between junior an...