cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Delayed phase of hematoporphyrin-induced phototoxicity: modulation by complement, leukocytes, and antihistamines.

We have investigated the role of complement, leukocytes, and histamine in the delayed phase of hematoporphyrin-induced phototoxicity in guinea pigs. The phototoxic response was quantified by the accumulation of intravenously injected [ 125 I]bovine serum albumin in the skin. There was a greater than 6-fold increase in the vascular response at the completion of irradiation, which subsided partially to reach a plateau of twice the preirradiation level between 0.5 h and 12 h. At 18 h the vascular responsiveness returned to the baseline value. The 7 h timepoint was selected in this study to evaluate the modulation of the delayed phase. In complement-depleted guinea pigs, as well as in leukopenic animals, the enhancement in the vascular response was significantly suppressed ( p vs control, p vs control, 0.0365). The combination of diphenhydramine and cimetidine, administered 6 h after the induction of phototoxicity, also suppressed the vascular response ( p vs control,
General thoracic surgery in the year 2010

Abstract Education and clinical practice in general thoracic surgery will be considerably different in the year 2010. The individual surgeon will most likely see a decline in patient volume and net income. Teaching hospitals with declining profit margins will place monetary constraints on patient programs that do not generate income, and capital budgets will be curtailed. To remain competitive. the general thoracic surgeon will have to keep pace with technologic advances and maintain a current knowledge in the field of thoracic oncology. General thoracic surgical training will profit by a core curriculum with a defined general thoracic surgical faculty dedicated to education in this field.
Transmission ellipsometry of transparent-film transparent-substrate systems: closed-form inversion for the film optical constant

A closed-form formula for the film optical constant is presented. The derivation of the formula itself is not presented to save the reader lots of involved transformations and algebra. The formula in itself is algebraically accurate and does not introduce errors. The effects of experimental errors, random and systematic, are presented. The results are very accurate. The inversion process is very fast, stable, and resilient, does not need a guessed close-to-solution or any starting value, always provides the correct answer with no divergence in any case, and is not iterative in nature. Clearly, those are important advantages over the widely used, manufacturer supplied, fitting routines. It provides for real-time applications in research and industry.
Induced Calcification in the Subdermal Tissues of the Rat

Subdermal implants of calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, plaster of Paris, and a control material were made in rats. A tetracycline and a chloro-s-triazine dye were given at various intervals to some rats. Histochemical and fluorescence studies showed an amorphous, lamellar, noncellular, mineralized tissue in the capsules surrounding the inorganic implants.
Protein adsorption: kinetics and history dependence.

Abstract The adsorption of protein and other macromolecular species is often strongly history dependent owing to the slow relaxation of nonequilibrium structures. The rate at which molecules adsorb is exquisitely sensitive to, and thus a sensitive measure of, interfacial structure; adsorption kinetics may therefore serve both to identify and to quantify history dependence. Optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy (OWLS) in multistep mode, where an adsorbing surface is alternately exposed to a protein solution and one free of protein, enables the comparison of adsorption rates onto interfacial layers of identical composition but different formation histories. Contributions to the overall kinetics from the apparent adsorption rate constant, the desorption rate constants of molecules in different adsorbed states, and the interfacial one-body cavity function (a measure of the probability of a “cavity” on the surface free of protein) may be isolated from OWLS kinetic data. We find the rate of adsorption and the corresponding cavity function to increase significantly—for systems of fibronectin, cytochrome c , and lysozyme adsorbing onto Si(Ti)O 2 —from a first to a subsequent adsorption step and attribute this to a clustering transition among adsorbed protein molecules. From the kinetic data, we determine important structural and temporal information on this event.
Use of culture filtrates of Ceratocystis ulmi as a bioassay to screen for disease tolerant Ulmus americana

Cullus cultures of elm (Ulmus americana L.) derived from Dutch elm disease susceptible, intermediate-resistant, and resistant genotypes were exposed to the culture filtrates of three patogenic isolates of Ceratocystis ulmi, the causal agent of Dutch elm disease. Callus fresh weights, cell viability, and reactions of stem cuttings were determined after exposure to various concentrations of the filtrates. Calli from the susceptible elm failed to increase in fresh weight and lost viability after exposure to media containing culture filtrate. Calli from the resistant and the intermediate-resistant elms exhibited growth rates and maintained viability similar to controls not exposed to culture filtrate. Stem cuttings of the susceptible elm wilted after exposure to the culture filtrate. The symptoms were similar to wilt seen with the disease. Cuttings from the resistant elm had no disease symptoms whereas, the intermediate elm had some leaf chlorosis. Callus screening may thus be useful for selection of Ulmus germplasm for Dutch elm disease resistance.
Effects of sublethal sodium dichromate exposure in freshwater on the salinity tolerance and serum osmolality of juvenile coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch , in seawater

To stimulate a potential field situation in which seaward-migrating juvenile coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, pass through Cr-polluted freshwater (FW) before being exposed to seawater (SW), the effects of sublethal FW exposure to Cr (as sodium dichromate) on salinity tolerance and serum osmolality after transfer to SW were investigated. SW survival was significantly decreased in salmon exposed in FW to 0.23 mg Cr/L for four weeks or to 0.5 mg Cr/L for two weeks and transferred to 20 or 30 parts per thousand (%) salinity, respectively. Serum osmolality, measured after two weeks of FW exposure to 0.0 or 0.5 mg Cr/L and after transfer to 20 or 30% SW, was significantly higher in Cr-exposed fish from one-half to two days after SW transfer but not at the end of the FW exposure period or at seven days after SW transfer. These effects in SW occurred at Cr exposure concentrations which had no effect on survival or serum osmolality in FW. It is suggested that Cr acted non-specifically on osmoregulatory epithelia to cause excessive dehydration in SW, and that measurement of salinity tolerance and serum osmolality may be sensitive and ecologically realistic indicators of sublethal toxicity in aquatic animals.
Receptivity in female hamsters following neonatal testosterone, testosterone propionate, and MER-25.

Abstract One purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of neonatally administered testosterone (T) and testosterone propionate (TP) in suppressing female behavior when their duration of action was equalized. A second aim was to evaluate whether suppression of female capacity associated with neonatal androgen would be lessened by an estrogen blocking agent. Eighty-seven hamsters were assigned to one of 8 groups which had a 3 mm Silastic pellet containing either T or TP as 0, 1, 3, or 9% of its weight present from the second through the tenth day after birth. An antiestrogen, MER-25, or oil was injected from Days 2–10 in another 66 animals that had 0 or 9% T or TP Silastic. Degree of ovarian and behavior suppression was proportional to androgen dosage; at each dosage, T was more effective than TP. MER-25 did not alter suppression produced by either androgen. It was concluded that the comparatively low level of action of exogenous T during development was due to its short half life and that estrogen might not be the hormone mediating suppression of female capacity.
Cholesterol content of human parotid saliva.

Free and esterifed cholesterol were determined in parotid fluid collected from 19 individuals by encapsulation of Stenson's duct in the oral 16.7±7.1 (SD) μg/100 ml and cholesterol esters averaged 13.2±8.0 (SD) μg/100 ml. Two assays are described for the measurement of cholesterol in parotid saliva. Lipophilic material was extracted with ether-ethanol (3∶1). In assay 1, the solid residue of the extract was separated into its components by thin layer chromatography. Substances on the chromatogram were made to fluoresce and the spots were photographed. Cholesterol was determined by densitometry of its black image on film. In assay 2, the ether-ethanol residue was subjected to quantitative gas chromatography. Both methods yield similar data.
Nonlinear transport in the Boltzmann limit

Formal expressions for the irreversible fluxes of a simple fluid are obtained as functionals of the thermodynamic forces and local equilibrium time correlation functions. The Boltzmann limit of the correlation functions is shown to yield expressions for the irreversible fluxes equivalent to those obtained from the nonlinear Boltzmann kinetic equation. Specifically, for states near equilibrium, the fluxes may be formally expanded in powers of the thermodynamic gradients and the associated transport coefficients identified as integrals of time correlation functions. It is proved explicitly through nonlinear Burnett order that the time correlation function expressions for these transport coefficients agree with those of the Chapman-Enskog expansion of the nonlinear Boltzmann equation. For states far from equilibrium the local equilibrium time correlation functions are determined in the Boltzmann limit and a similar equivalence to the Boltzmann equation solution is established. Other formal representations of the fluxes are indicated; in particular, a projection operator form and its Boltzmann limit are discussed. As an example, the nonequilibrium correlation functions for steady shear flow are calculated exactly in the Boltzmann limit for Maxwell molecules.
An evaluation of phenol methylcarbamates as taste aversion producing agents in caged blackbirds

Abstract Mesurol, 3,5-dimethyl-4-(methylthio) phenol methylcarbamate, is registered as a repellent for bird damage control on cherries and grapes, and several field evaluations have suggested decreased damage with Mesurol application. This laboratory experiment with a colony of mixed blackbird species suggests that Mesurol-dusted sunflower meats consumed by blackbirds alters the subsequent palability of untreated seeds rather than the presence of the Mesurol serving directly to repel birds from the crop. In a second experiment, methylcarbamate-impregnated seeds and non-treated seeds were evenly spread in different sunflower plots containing blackbirds. Reduced rates of sunflower damage in treated areas compared to the control areas suggest this technique may be promising.
Efficiency criteria for optimal laws: Objective standards or value judgements?

No discipline or combination of disciplines can provide a value-free basis for prescribing a constitution or any set of rules. Nevertheless, economists frequently compare alternative institutional and contractual arrangements and confidently identify which are more efficient without noting that their conclusions rest on the implicit welfare functions chosen and the presumption that values can be measured by outside observers. Moreover, comparing institutions on the basis of equilibrium conditions that will never be attained in a world of change and uncertainty ignores all information about the process of change itself. At best, economics can explain why certain rules exist and how different rules affect the welfare of individuals and the allocation of resources.—The paper focuses on the concept of efficiency taking account of transaction costs and the system of property rights. It then examines the belief that market prices and wealth are a suitable measure of value, the status of legal rules as a “common” good, and the limitations of Pareto criteria in assessing efficiency.
Salivary levels of Epstein-Barr virus DNA correlate with subgingival levels, not severity of periodontitis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the presence and quantity of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in the saliva of patients with periodontitis, and investigate the correlation between these factors. Methods: Presence and amounts of viral DNA in saliva and subgingival plaque samples, from healthy and disease sites, of 65 adults diagnosed with chronic periodontitis were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Epstein-Barr virus DNA was detected in saliva of 81.5% (53/65) of patients at a median concentration of 4325 copies ml−1. CMV DNA was detected in saliva of one individual (1.5%) at low copy number. Patients who had EBV in saliva were 10 times more likely to have EBV in subgingival plaque than patients lacking EBV in saliva (odds ratio = 10.1, 95% confidence interval = 2.6–39.5; P = 0.0009). EBV DNA burden in saliva positively correlated with the amounts detected in plaque and with amounts detected in increasing number of affected sites (P < 0.0001). EBV DNA presence and quantity in saliva did not correlate with increasing severity of disease as measured by periodontal indices. Conclusions: Epstein-Barr virus DNA presence and burden in saliva are associated with its presence and burden in subgingival plaque, but presence and burden in saliva does not correlate with periodontal disease severity.
Nakedness, non‐violence, and the negation of negation: Gandhi's experiments in Brahmacharya and celibate sexuality

(1999). Nakedness, non‐violence, and the negation of negation: Gandhi's experiments in Brahmacharya and celibate sexuality. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies: Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 63-94.
Issues in Reimbursement for Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry

Introduction by Steven S. Sharftein, M.D., column editor: In this era of prospective payment and efforts to contain medical care costs through increased efficiency, consultation-liaison psychiatry has high promise as one of the more cost-effective tools to reduce expensive hospital care. It is, however, one of the least reimbursed services in the hospital today. This month's column calls attention to the fiscal dilemmas confronting consultation-liaison psychiatry but leaves the reader with a sense of optimism about its future.
Van der waals forces on thin liquid films in capillary tubes

A theory of the van der Waals attraction between a thin liquid film and a capillary tube is presented assuming the presence of a vapor-liquid interface. The model is based on the surface mode analysis method of van Kampen et al. Values for the van der Waals interaction energy per unit area were calculated for liquid films of pentane on a gold substrate assuming a thin liquid film. Our results indicate that the effect of capillary curvature on the van der Waals interaction increases as the ratio of the liquid film thickness to the capillary radius is increased. This trend is consistent with predictions based on the Hamaker theory. Deviations from results based on the Hamaker theory are easily explained in terms of retardation of the van der Waals interaction. Because the effect of capillary curvature increases in the regime where retardation effects become important, curvature effects constitute a small correction to the van der Waals forces in a capillary tube.
Goal-setting attributes, personality variables, and job satisfaction

Abstract The relationships between four goal-setting attributes identified by factor analytic procedures and job satisfaction were investigated among 271 scientists and engineers at a nuclear research and development center. Positive relationships between the goal-setting attributes and satisfaction were found. Further, it was found that need for achievement, need for autonomy, and need for affiliation as measured by the Gough Adjective Checklist did not significantly moderate the goal-setting attribute-job satisfaction relationships.
Imaging of neonatal brain emergencies: multisequence MRI analysis of pathologic spectrum including diffusion and MR spectroscopy.

The purpose of this pictorial essay is to review the normal neonatal brain MR anatomy and the MR imaging appearances of neonatal brain emergencies and discuss the advantages of individual MR imaging sequences and the clinical implications of utilizing MRI as a problem-solving modality in the neonatal intensive care unit. Here we briefly discuss the normal MR imaging anatomy and myelination pattern and normal MR spectroscopy findings in a neonate. The role of individual MR imaging sequences in evaluating various neonatal abnormalities is being emphasized. For example, the utility of diffusion-weighted imaging for the diagnosis of profound hypoxic–ischemic injury and other forms of hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathies and MR spectroscopy in the diagnosis of metabolic encephalopathies and genetic disorders including aminoacidurias is being presented.
An evaluation of the single-grain zircon evaporation method in highly discordant samples

Comparison of results from the isotope dilution and the single-grain zircon evaporation methods on highly discordant samples shows that the evaporation method can yield accurate crystallization ages on some zircon populations that display complex discordant patterns. Three granite gneiss samples from the Western Gneiss Region, Norway, which crystallized at approximately 1660 Ma and experienced profound lead loss in zircon during Caledonian metamorphism at 400 Ma, were analyzed by both the isotope dilution (Tucker et al., 1990) and evaporation methods. 207Ph/206Pb evaporation ages on one sample agree with the isotope dilution crystallization age. Two other samples produced a range of anomalously young 207pb/206Pb evaporation ages. Analyses at the highest evaporation temperatures from one of these two samples were consistent with crystallization ages determined by the isotope dilution method, but it would be difficult to interpret them correctly without independent age information. The anomalously young results are generally easy to recognize by the pattern of increasing 207Ph/206Ph ages with increasing evaporation temperature. A more serious problem, however, is that some grains produced 207Ph/206Pb age plateaus over a range of increasing evaporation temperatures that cannot be correlated with any documented geologic event in the region. The evaporation analyses yielding the youngest 207Pb/206Pb ages also display the most common lead, suggesting that common lead may diffuse into the zircon grains during loss of radiogenic lead. A pegmatite from Massachusetts, USA, contains zircons with visible xenocrystic cores. The 207Ph/206Pb evaporation ages at lower temperatures agree well with the 299 Ma crystallization age determined by the isotope dilution method on the zircon rims (R. D. Tucker, unpubl. data). At higher evaporation temperatures, a range of older 207Pb/206Pb ages are produced by mixing Pb evaporated from both the zircon rims and xenocrystic cores. Large changes in the 206Pb/208Pb ratio accompany the increase in 207Pb/206Pb ages and indicate mixing of two distinct zircon domains. Thus, in addition to providing useful 207pb/206Pb age information, the evaporation method may help distinguish between the discordance produced by diffusional lead loss and the mixing of two domains of differing age.
Polymers for Photonics

Photonics has been labeled by many as the technology for the 21st century. Polymers have emerged as an important class of materials for applications in photonics. In this review, a brief background is presented on photonics and nonlinear optical processes, the latter providing many of the operational functions for the photonics technology. Nonlinear optical processes in polymeric materials are discussed along with the needed structural requirements. Technologically relevant issues and the current status of the field are summarized. This review finally concludes with a discussion of the potential areas of opportunities for polymer scientists and engineers.
Neurotoxicity of Metronidazole

Excerpt To the editor: In their review of antibiotic neurotoxicity, Snavely and Hodges (1) mention that the neurotoxicity of isoniazid stems largely from antagonism of vitamin B6. However, they poi...
Photo-assisted metal-organic chemical vapor deposition of CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) thin films

Abstract Calcium copper titanate (CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 ) or CCTO is one of the most researched giant dielectric constant materials in recent years. In the present work, incoherent light source based photo-assisted metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) has been used to prepare CCTO thin films on Si/SiO 2 substrates. Key to this unique processing technique is the use of UV radiation as an additional source of energy in conjunction to the thermal energy. The given Photo-assisted MOCVD processing resulted in polycrystalline CCTO growth on a SiO 2 surface. Powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were performed to analyze structural and compositional properties of the CCTO thin film. Ellipsometric measurements indicated a refractive index of 3.03 for the CCTO thin film.
Near real-time atmospheric contamination source identification by an optimization-based inverse method

In this article, we propose a method to identify contamination events (location and time of release) by enhancing a mathematical method originally proposed by Carasso et al. (Carasso, A., Sanderson, J.G. and Hyman, J.M., 1978, Digital removal of random media image degradation by solving the diffusion equation backward in time. SIAM Journal of Numerical Analysis, 15(4)). The method of the Marching-Jury Backward Beam/Plate Equation, applied earlier to groundwater problems, is enhanced and coupled to discrete Fourier transform processing techniques to solve a two-dimensional (2D) advection-dispersion transport problem with homogeneous and isotropic parameters backwards in time. (Atmadja, J. and Bagtzoglou, A.C., 2001a, Pollution source identification in heterogeneous porous media. Water Resources Research, 37(8), 2113–2125; Bagtzoglou, A.C. and Atmadja, J., 2003, The marching-jury backward beam equation and quasi-reversibility methods for hydrologic inversion: application to contaminant plume spatial distrib...
EEG Sensitization during chemical exposure in women with and without chemical sensitivity of unknown etiology

This study tested the sensitization model proposed by Bell et al. [Bell I.R., Miller C.S. and Schwartz G.E. An olfactory-limbic model of multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome: possible relationshi...
Hamilton Cycles in Random Lifts of Directed Graphs

An $n$-lift of a digraph $K$ is a digraph with a vertex set $V(K)\times [n]$, and for each directed edge $(i,j)\in E(K)$ there is a perfect matching between fibers $\{i\}\times [n]$ and $\{j\}\times [n]$, with edges directed from fiber $i$ to fiber $j$. If these matchings are chosen independently and uniformly at random, then we say that we have a random $n$-lift. We show that if $h$ is sufficiently large, then a random $n$-lift of the complete digraph $\DK_h$ is a Hamiltonian .
On the equivalence of the continuous Adams–Bashforth method and Nordsieck’s technique for changing the step size

Abstract Recent research has raised the question of whether Nordsieck’s technique for changing the step size in the Adams–Bashforth method is equivalent to the explicit continuous Adams–Bashforth method. This work provides a complete proof that the two approaches are indeed equivalent.
The Emergence of Algebraic Structure: Students Come to Understand Units and Zero-Divisors

Little is known about how students learn the basic ideas of ring theory. While the literature addressing student learning of group theory is certainly relevant, the concepts of zero-divisor and, more generally, elements with no multiplicative inverse are among those for which group theory has no analogue. In order to better understand how students come to understand the corresponding ideas of units and zero-divisors, this paper presents results from a study that investigated how students can capitalize on their intuitive notions of solving equations to reinvent the definitions of ring, integral domain, and field. In particular, the emergence and progressive formalization of the concept of zero-divisor at various stages of the reinvention process are detailed and discussed. Findings include a conceptual framework characterizing the emergence of the concept of zero-divisor and unit. This framework, in addition to documenting the emergence of these concepts, suggests that the concept of zero-divisor arises i...
Association between urinary lactate to creatinine ratio and neurodevelopmental outcome in term infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Objective To assess the association between urinary lactate to creatinine ratio (ULCR) and neurodevelopmental outcome in term infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and examine the effect of hypothermia on the change in ULCR. Study design Spot urine samples were collected in 58 term infants (28 hypothermia, 30 control subjects) with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Urinary lactate and creatinine were measured by using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and expressed as ULCR. Survivors were examined at 18 months of age. Results The ULCR was significantly higher in infants who died or had moderate/severe neurodevelopmental disability. Logistic regression analysis controlling for hypothermia and severity of encephalopathy confirmed the association (adjusted odds ratio, 5.52; 95% CI, 1.36, 22.42; P Conclusions High ULCR is associated with death or moderate/severe neurodevelopmental disability. Significant overlap in values between the normal/mild and moderate/severe disability groups limits predictive value of this measure. Whole-body hypothermia did not affect the decline in ULCR.
Structurally Rigid and Optically Active Dendrimers

Novel rigid and optically active dendrimers containing cross-conjugated units are synthesized from the coupling of phenylacetylene-based dendrons with an optically pure diacetate of 4,4‘,6,6‘-tetrabromo-1,1‘-bi-2-naphthol. The UV and fluorescence spectroscopic studies demonstrate that there is a very efficient energy migration from the cross-conjugated dendrons to the center core, leading to greatly enhanced fluorescences at higher generations. This is the first example of an efficient energy migration conducted in an optically pure dendritic system, which is potentially useful in developing an enantioselective fluorescence sensor. The generation 2 dendrimer has been used to catalyze the asymmetric reaction of diethylzinc with aldehydes and has shown high enantioselectivity in the presence of Ti(O-i-Pr)4.
All-Electron Local Density Theory of Electronic Structure and Superconductivity in YBa2Cu3O7 and YBa2Cu3O6

Results of highly precise all-electron local density calculations are presented for the quasi-2D superconductor YBa2Cu3O7 and for the non-superconducting YBa2Cu3O6. The two dimensionality is important for understanding various properties. As in the case of the La2-xMxCuO4 (M = Ba, Sr,...) systems, these materials consist of metallic Cu–O planes separated by ionic (insulating) Y–O and Ba–O planes of atoms. Stoner magnetic instabilities and the role of chains vs planes for superconductivity are briefly discussed.
Modelling Microstructures with OOF2

OOF2 is a program designed to compute the properties and local behaviour of material microstructures, starting from a two-dimensional representation, an image, of arbitrary geometrical complexity. OOF2 uses the finite element method to resolve the local behaviour of a material, and is designed to be used by materials scientists with little or no computational background. It can solve for a wide range of physical phenomena and can be easily extended. This paper is an introduction to some of its most basic and important features.
Going Slitless: Images of Forbidden-Line Emission Regions of Classical T Tauri Stars Observed with the Hubble Space Telescope

We have observed five classical T Tauri stars known to have strong forbidden-line emission with STIS in slitless mode on the Hubble Space Telescope. This technique makes it possible to image jets within a few tens of AU of their exciting sources, a region of great interest for models of accretion disks and jets. Slitless images generate emission-line images at all wavelengths, including those where no narrowband filters exist. Images of the forbidden-line regions around each object, constructed by subtracting the stellar continuum and combining observations taken at different orientations, show [O I] jets from CW Tau, HN Tau, UZ Tau E, DF Tau, and the primary of DD Tau. Jets exist on both sides of the close binary DF Tau, either as a jet and its counterjet or as separate jets from the primary and secondary. Several emission lines not previously seen in jets close to the star exist in the HN Tau jet; the [Fe II] λ7155/λ8617 ratio is particularly useful because it measures the electron density in the densest regions of stellar jets, where log Ne 6. Electron densities in the inner 30 AU of the HN Tau jet range from log Ne = 6.2 to 6.9. We construct diagnostic diagrams for the density, temperature, and ionization fraction in jets close to their stars, using various emission lines of O I and O II. The red auroral [O II] lines are bright close to HN Tau, indicating that the emitting regions of the inner 35 AU of the jet have a substantial ionized component—20% if the emission comes from a shock and 50% for an isothermal flow. We discuss mass-loss rates and filling factors for these two cases. The intensity of the HN Tau jet in [O I] λ6300 declines exponentially with distance beyond ~15 AU. The superior continuum subtraction with slitless data, as compared with narrowband images, makes it possible to resolve the widths of jets at distances as close as ~15 AU from the star. The two best examples, HN Tau and UZ Tau E, have jets that expand with distance. When projected back to the source, the width of the jet in HN Tau is a few AU at the 3 σ level, while the jet in UZ Tau E is spatially unresolved. The new images of CW Tau reveal proper motions in this jet, which has ejected at least two knots since 1980. There is no indication that CW Tau brightened when it ejected the largest of these knots, but the photometric record of this star over the last two decades is fragmentary.
Fracture of odontoid process in children

Abstract The essentially benign nature of fractures of the odontoid process in children is described for a personal series of four patients. Such an injury is at the level of the basal odontoid epiphysis, and it is shown that the fracture is essentially stable with a good potential for rapid bony union. Satisfactory reduction and immobilization has been obtained by simple skull traction using Crutchfield calipers. However, recognition of the injury may be delayed unless its possibility is considered in examination of victims of road traffic accidents, especially when other injuries (notably head injuries) exist.
Reef corals, zooxanthellae and free-living algae: a microcosm study that demonstrates synergy between calcification and primary production

Abstract A mature, high-biodiversity coral reef microcosm and its chambered subsets were used to examine the relationship between calcification and photosynthesis and its most critical biotic components. Whole ecosystem calcification at 4.0±0.2 kg (40±2 mol) CaCO 3 m −2 year −1 is related to its primary components (stony coral 17.6%, Halimeda 7.4%, Tridacna 9.0%, algal turf, coralline and foraminifera 29.4%, and miscellaneous invertebrates 36%). Through analysis of the microcosm's daily carbonate system, it is demonstrated that bicarbonate ion, not carbonate ion, is the principal component of total alkalinity reduction in the water column (thus, bicarbonate ion is the principal measured component of calcification as normally measured on reef transects). While chamber-isolated free-living algae remove carbon dioxide, and raise pH and carbonate ion equivalent to that in the microcosm as a whole, no total alkalinity reduction (calcification) occurs. On the other hand, chamber isolated stony corals remove considerable bicarbonate, with very little pH or carbonate ion elevation. Combining the non-calcifying free-living macroalgae Chondria with stony corals in chamber subsets, it is possible to remove more carbon dioxide (elevating pH) and thereby increase coral calcification rates by 60 and 120% above zooxanthellae-mediated rates to 20.6 kg (206 mol) and 18.5 kg (185 mol) CaCO 3 m −2 year −1 for Acropora and Montipora , respectively. These findings, which support the McConnaughey and Whelan hypothesis of bicarbonate ion neutralization in coral calcification, are easily demonstrated in the controlled microcosm environment.
Hemolytic Anemia Secondary to Modified Blalock–Taussig Shunt

The Norwood procedure with a modified Blalock–Taussig shunt (MBTS) is the first of the three-stage surgical palliation for infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. We report a patient with schistocytic hemolytic anemia that developed following a right MBTS with a Gore-Tex graft. Hemolysis associated with a MBTS has not been previously reported in the literature. Multiple packed red blood cell transfusions were required due to desaturation and hypoxemia. Hemi-Fontan procedure was performed early for chronic anemia. Hemolysis resolved post operatively even though the patient subsequently required a Gore-Tex central shunt for persistent cyanosis.
Variations in DNA Charge Transport with Nucleotide Composition and Sequence

Long-range oxidative damage to DNA has been demonstrated in experiments using a variety of remotely bound oxidants. However, the mechanism(s) by which charge is transported through the base pair stack needs still to be established. Recent theoretical proposals bring together tunneling and hopping mechanisms to describe charge transport. On the basis of measurements of damage yield, it has been proposed that charge transport occurs by hopping between guanine sites and tunneling through TA steps. In accord with guanine hopping, oxidative damage over long distances was not observed when 5‘-TATATA-3‘ intervened between G sites. Phonon-assisted polaron hopping has been suggested as an alternative mechanism. In this model, the sequence-dependent conformational dynamics of DNA are expected to aid in charge transport.
Learning to Ask Questions: Grade and School Effects.

Abstract Study 1 was an attempt to replicate findings of an original study, which showed that, over time, low-achieving students come to ask fewer questions than other students. This occurs despite the fact that low achievers begin school asking as many questions as their peers. Results from Study 1 also provided empirical support for Good's (1981) passivity model. This study focused on kindergarten, first-, seventh-, and ninth-grade classrooms because original findings indicated that much important socialization occurs at these grades. However, in Study 1 student questioning rates in kindergarten and first-grade classrooms varied considerably from those obtained in the original study. Hence, the elementary school data from the original study were reanalyzed (Study 2) in order to compare student questioning behavior in an elementary school serving largely lower middle-class students with one serving an upper middle-class population. These analyses indicated that students at all achievement levels asked more questions in the school serving the upper middle-class population. Although student background and school SES were confounded, we argue that a discernible school effect was obtained because differences in student questioning rates were sharper in first-grade than in kindergarten classes. Critics of school effectiveness research contend that schools are often characterized by “average” scores and that such general descriptions mask important differences in student behavior. The data collected in Study 2 speak to that point both empirically and theoretically. Findings indicated both an apparent school effect (students' question rates varied across the two schools) as well as a student effect (student groups differed in questioning behavior within a given school).
Is Cleveland Another New York

In this article, the circumstances of the Cleveland default and the New York City fiscal crisis are compared. Regression equations for budgetary variables are estimated on a sample of 44 large cities and used to predict the levels of the budgetary variables for Cleveland and New York. Although there is some evidence that New York's expenditures and revenues are both greater than would be predicted for a city with its characteristics, Cleveland's expenditures and revenues were not significantly different from what would be predicted for a city with its characteristics.
Asymptomatic retained surgical sponge

A mass in the left hypochondrium was incidentally detected in 8-year-old man, during a routine abdominal ultrasound examiation for prostate assessment. Patient had a history of Billroth II esection in 1975 for peptic ulcer disease. An abdominal computed tomographic scan (Fig. 1) showed a 3 cm × 11 cm × 10 cm cystic neoplasm with intraluminal vegetaions (arrow) and calcifications (head arrow), just posteriorly to the astric stump. The patient underwent surgery, the mass was excised and the nfiltration from other organs was excluded. At pathological examination (Fig. 2), the specimen was a capulated cystic mass containing corpuscular intraluminal fluid; ragments of a surgical sponge (arrow) were pulled out.
The Effect of Credibility on Perceived Power1

The credibility and power of a manager were manipulated in vignettes. Eighty-four subjects read a description and responded to scales measuring perceptions of power. Results indicated that credibility had a direct effect on power ratings. Objective power, which was manipulated in the vignettes, also had a direct effect on perceived power ratings. In addition, a significant interaction of objective power by credibility indicated that objective power had a moderating effect on the relationship between credibility and perceived power. The results are particularly meaningful with respect to the credibility manipulation, given that the scales used were designed specifically to measure reward, coercive, legitimate, expert, and referent power. Suggestions for future research on credibility and its relationship to social power are offered.
Mesothelial cell and anti-nuclear autoantibodies associated with pleural abnormalities in an asbestos exposed population of Libby MT

Abstract Despite data linking amphibole asbestos exposure with production of autoantibodies, the role of autoantibodies in subsequent disease is unknown. Residents of Libby, Montana have experienced significant exposure to amphibole asbestos due to the mining of asbestos-contaminated vermiculite near the community over several decades. This population predominantly exhibits pleural disease, and an autoimmune-like disorder that has yet to be well defined. This study sought to determine whether autoantibodies from asbestos-exposed subjects were associated with pleural lesions. Serum samples of subjects from Libby were evaluated for anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) and mesothelial cell autoantibodies (MCAA) using cell based ELISA. The presence of radiographic abnormalities detected during the time frame of serum collection was determined from screening records. In accord with previous studies, 61.3% (76/124) of the Libby samples were ANA positive, a frequency much higher than expected for a healthy population. The odds of having pleural or interstitial abnormalities in Libby was nearly 3.55 times greater for individuals that tested positive for ANA compared with individuals negative for ANA ( p = 0.004). MCAA were also detected at a strikingly high frequency (18.5%; 23/124) in samples from Libby. Individuals with MCAA had 4.9 times the risk of having pleural abnormalities compared to MCAA-negative subjects ( p = 0.044). In conclusion, ANA and MCAA were elevated in a study population that was known to have chronic exposure to asbestos, and these autoantibodies were associated with pleural abnormalities, the predominant finding in the asbestos-exposed population of Libby. Additional research is needed to determine the role these autoantibodies may play in pulmonary disease.
Comparative studies on S-adenosyl-L-methionine binding sites of protein N-methyltransferases, using 8-azido-S-adenosyl-L-methionine as photoaffinity probe.

Employing a photoaffinity labeling procedure with 8-azido-S-adenosyl-l-[methyl-3H]methionine (8-N3-Ado[methyl-3H]Met), the binding sites for S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet) of three protein N-methyltransferases [AdoMet:myelin basic protein-arginine N-methyltransferase (EC2.1.1.23); AdoMet:histone-arginin N-methyltransferase (EC2.1.1.23); and AdoMet:cytochromec-lysine N-methyltransferase (EC2.1.1.59)] have been investigated. The incorporation of the photoaffinity label into the enzymes upon UV irradiation was highly specific. In order to define the AdoMet binding sites, the photolabeled enzymes were sequentially digested with trypsin, chymotrypsin, and endoproteinase Glu-C. After each proteolytic digestion, radiolabeled peptide from each enzyme was resolved on HPLC first by gradient elution and further purified by an isocratic elution. Retention times of the purified radiolabeled peptides from the three enzymes from the corresponding proteolysis were significantly different, indicating that their sizes and compositions were different. Amino acid composition analysis of these peptides confirmed further that the AdoMet binding sites of these protein N-methyltransferases are quite different.
Interaction of Streptococcus equi with the equine nasopharynx

Abstract The tonsil of the soft palate and the lingual tonsils were the chief entry points for Streptococcus equi (Se), the cause of equine strangles, in intranasally inoculated horses. Microplicae on the stratified squamous epithelial cells were important in initial attachment. Within a few hours, small numbers of Se were present in the tonsillar crypts, lining reticular epithelium, and the deeper lymphoid tissue. At 20 h, Se was cultured from the draining lymph nodes. Mutants of Se lacking capsule, SeM or streptolysin S did not infect lymph nodes, an indication that resistance to phagocytosis was important in survival in the tonsil. At onset of fever, 2 to 10 days after inoculation, large numbers of Se (extra- and intracellular) were present in the tonsils. In affected lymph nodes, only long chains of extracellular Se were evident.
Controlling Glare Problems in the VDT Work Environment

The introduction of video display terminals may exacerbate lighting problems already present in the workplace. The sources and characteristics of glare are described. Glare control measures, including the location and design of lighting systems, managing outdoor light and using screen filters and hoods, are reviewed.
Children, environmental education, and the implications of changing from a liberal to a cultural/bio-conservative ideology

The paper frames the discussion of children's education in terms of cultural charac teristics that appear to be shared by ecologically sustainable cultures. These charac teristics include cultural practices based on mythopoetic narratives that are "eco centric" rather than anthropocentric; an inclusive sense of community that extends the moral responsibility of humans to the rest of the biotic community; a sense of time where the past and future are sources of authority in the decision-making pro cesses of the present; and an ideological orientation that can best be described as cultural/bio-conservatism. The paper explores how these characteristics, essential to long-term sustainability, would lead to fundamental changes in the formative pro cesses of primary socialization of children, notions of intelligence and educational practices. The paper also explores how "progressive" ideas and values that have guided the education of children in recent decades encode cultural assumptions that have contributed t...
EMU Convergence: Reason for Encouragement

One long-standing problem with currency and trading unions is the varying timing of their business cycles. These variations make adopting uniform fiscal and monetary policies difficult, with some nations bearing more of the pain than others. But over time, these business cycles should converge. Do they? This economist, a member of our board, finds that in the European Union, they have indeed converged.
A bifurcation-based coupled linear-bistable system for microscale mass sensing

Abstract Bifurcation-based mass sensing provides for dramatically enhanced detection sensitivity and less performance deterioration due to measurement noise as compared to frequency shift-based methods. Recent bifurcation-based mass sensing studies have employed directly excited nonlinear oscillators to induce critical jump events, but the approaches may still require active tracking hardware to determine exact mass adsorption, could induce adverse nonlinear phenomena by prolonged excitation near the bifurcation, and are limited in the number and versatility of jump events. In this work, an alternative sensor architecture and method for mass sensing are presented to address these concerns. The architecture is based upon the coupling of a host linear structure to a small bistable inclusion. It is shown that the sensor enables unique functionality including means for passive mass quantification and direct adjustment of bifurcation sweeping rate for reliable detection and enhanced robustness to noise. Deterministic, stochastic, and non-stationary analyses demonstrate the operational principles and sensitivities of the method while experiments with proof-of-concept samples corroborate analytical results and give clear evidence of the advantages of the new approach.
Inhaled Epoprostenol During One-Lung Ventilation

We used inhaled epoprostenol (with intravenous phenylephrine) during one-lung ventilation to improve oxygenation in a patient with severe interstitial lung disease undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. The pharmacologic manipulation of pulmonary blood flow remains an underused strategy for the management of hypoxemia during one-lung ventilation.
Evidence of inelasticity in He—Graphite (0001) scattering

Abstract Two qualitative differences between the predictions of elastic selective adsorption theory and experimental results are discussed. For rule 2 resonances (Wolfe and Weare [1]), minima are seen experimentally but maxima are predicted and calculated by elastic theories. Also elastic theory does not agree with experiment for the crossing of non-symmetric resonance states. When an optical potential is included to phenomenologically account for inelastic scattering, agreement with experimental data is obtained.
Mechanism of Stabilization of Helical Conformations of Polypeptides by Water Containing Trifluoroethanol

For conjugates Ac-Hel1-Alan-OH, n = 1−6, of the previously characterized reporting, conformational template Ac-Hel1, increases in helicity induced by trifluoroethanol (TFE) in water have been related to a simple function of the peptide length n, yielding the helix propagation constant sAla, which increases from 1.0 to 1.5 for χTFE = 0−20 mol %. The per-residue helicity increase is similar to the increase in te state stability induced by TFE in monoamide conjugates Ac-Hel1-NHR. Addition of TFE to water significantly increases the rate of interconversion of s-cis/s-trans amide conformers for Ac-Pro-NHMe, consistent with a significant and selective destabilization of the planar resonance-stabilized amide. In dilute aqueous solution TFE increases helicity by selectively destabilizing amide functions that are solvent exposed, with the consequence that compact conformations such as helices that maximize intramolecular amide−amide hydrogen bonding and minimize amide solvent exposure are selectively favored.