cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study on Global Brands’ Micro Blogs between China and USA: Focusing on Communication Styles and Branding Strategies

This quantitative content analysis compares global brands’ use of communication styles and brand anthropomorphism between two leading culturally different micro blogging sites, Twitter in the United States and Sina Weibo in China. Results show that, despite some differences, communication styles on both sites are more task-oriented than socioemotional-oriented. However, global brands adopt more “give suggestions” style (task-oriented) on Twitter but apply more “tension reduction” communication style (socioemotional-oriented) on Weibo. As for brand anthropomorphism strategies, global brands use more “first and second personal pronouns” on Twitter but more “nonverbal cues and consumer nicknames” on Weibo. By applying Interaction Process Analysis (i.e., task- and socioemotional-oriented communication styles) and brand anthropomorphism frameworks to culturally different social media settings, this study extends our current understandings of how global brands use social media to communicate with their publics.
Planar chiral (η6-arene) ruthenium Cp complexes in organic synthesis: Diastereoselective complexation of arene compounds with benzylic alcohol and its synthetic application to chiral biaryls

1-o-Substituted phenylethanols gave diastereoselective ruthenium Cp complexes via coordination of ruthenium with benzylic oxygen. This reaction can be further applied to the diastereoselective ruthenium complexation of δ-lactone-bridged biaryls possessing a chiral benzyl alcohol function at the side chain. Although δ-lactone-bridged biphenyls 10a and 10b exist as an inseparable equilibrated atropisomeric mixture, the corresponding ruthenium complexes 11a and 11b were obtained as a single compound, respectively, with differentiated arene face complexation and fixation of the central bond. Analogous biaryl compound 15 with a naphthalene fragment gave three Cp ruthenium complexes, 16, 17, and 18, in various ratios depending on reaction temperature. Naphthalene ring-coordinated ruthenium complex 16 was isomerized to the complex 17 via axial isomerization and ruthenium fragment migration to the inverted arene face by heating at 50 °C in dichloroethane, and the ruthenium complexes 16 and 17 were further transfo...
Copper-silver chalcporyites as top cell absorbers in tandem photovoltaic and hybrid photovoltaic/photoelectrochemical devices

Bandgap tuneability with copper chalcopyrites offers convenient opportunities to use this material in tandem solar cells. While single-junction photovoltaic cells have performed remarkably well, the use of tandem cells can more efficiently utilize the solar spectrum by converting different portions of it with multiple cells, resulting in devices with higher voltages and possibly greater efficiencies. While it might be expected to be analogous to lower-bandgap materials, higher-bandgap copper chalcopyrites (like CuGaSe 2 where E g ∼1.65eV) do not form efficient junctions with back contacts and buffer/window layers due to band edge misalignments and material differences (like lattice mismatching). The addition of silver to replace part or all of the copper in chalcopyrites may offer an avenue of improvement providing higher bandgaps, more favorable band edge alignments, and better junctions with back contacts and buffer/window layers in tandem PV devices. The different band edge positions resulting from the addition of silver also offers itself well to tandem hybrid photovoltaic/photoelectrochemical cells where the top photoelectrochemical cell drives a chemical reaction like splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen gases.
Magneto-thermo-elastokinetics of geometrically nonlinear laminated composite plates. Part 2: vibration and wave propagation

In Part 1 of this paper, the governing equations of geometrically nonlinear, anisotropic composite plates incorporating magneto-thermo-elastic effects have been derived. In order to gain insight into the implications of a number of geometrical and physical features of the system, three special cases are investigated: (i) free vibration of a plate strip immersed in a transversal magnetic field; (ii) free vibration of the plate strip immersed in an axial magnetic field; (iii) magneto-elastic wave propagations of an infinite plate. Within each of these cases, a prescribed uniform thermal field is considered. Special coupling characteristics between the magnetic and elastic fields are put into evidence. Extensive numerical investigations are conducted and pertinent conclusions which highlight the various effects induced by the magneto-elastic couplings and the finite electroconductivity, are outlined.
Shear band development in dynamic loading of a viscoplastic cylinder containing two voids

We presume that plane strain state of deformation prevails when the interior of a long gun barrell or a cylindrical pressure vessel is dynamically loaded. The viscoplastic material of the body is taken to exhibit strain-rate hardening and thermal softening. Two thin ellipsoidal voids located symmetrically on the horizontal axis and near the center of the cylinder wall act as nuclei for the initiation of shear bands. We note that deformations of the cylinder are nonhomogenous even in the absence of the voids. It is therefore interesting to investigate when the bands initiate from the void tips and the interaction, if any, among them.
PTEX component HSP101 mediates export of diverse malaria effectors into host erythrocytes

To mediate its survival and virulence, the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum exports hundreds of proteins into the host erythrocyte. To enter the host cell, exported proteins must cross the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (PVM) within which the parasite resides, but the mechanism remains unclear. A putative Plasmodium translocon of exported proteins (PTEX) has been suggested to be involved for at least one class of exported proteins; however, direct functional evidence for this has been elusive. Here we show that export across the PVM requires heat shock protein 101 (HSP101), a ClpB-like AAA+ ATPase component of PTEX. Using a chaperone auto-inhibition strategy, we achieved rapid, reversible ablation of HSP101 function, resulting in a nearly complete block in export with substrates accumulating in the vacuole in both asexual and sexual parasites. Surprisingly, this block extended to all classes of exported proteins, revealing HSP101-dependent translocation across the PVM as a convergent step in the multi-pathway export process. Under export-blocked conditions, association between HSP101 and other components of the PTEX complex was lost, indicating that the integrity of the complex is required for efficient protein export. Our results demonstrate an essential and universal role for HSP101 in protein export and provide strong evidence for PTEX function in protein translocation into the host cell.
Effects of high cholesterol high fat diet on plasma lipoproteins in familial hypercholesterolemia

Heterozygous individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia possess about half of the normal numbers of functioning receptors on their cells. This is thought to be responsible for their hypercholesterolemia. In normals, dietary cholesterol increases LDL production and decreases LDL receptor-related LDL clearance, resulting in elevations in LDL cholesterol levels of approximately 30 mg/dL. To assess the effects of high fat and high cholesterol diets on the lipoproteins of individuals with diminished LDL receptors, three kinds of diets, including ones high in cholesterol, were fed to four patients with familial hypercholesterolemia, in the expectation that diet effects on apoB- or apoE-containing lipoproteins would be exaggerated. The basal diet consisted of 15% protein, 30% fat, 55% carbohydrate, 300 mg/d cholesterol, P/S ratio 0.4; the high fat diet was identical except that fat calories were 55% and carbohydrate 30%; the high fat-high cholesterol diet was identical with the high fat diet except approximately 750 or approximately 1,500 mg/d of cholesterol were added. Each diet was eaten for five weeks at home and for the sixth week at the general Clinical Research Center. Fasting (12-14 hours) plasmas were collected every two weeks for lipoprotein-lipid and apoprotein quantitation. At the end of each period, fasting and 4-hour postprandial samples were analyzed also by zonal ultracentrifugation and gel permeation chromatography.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
THE USE OF INHALED NITRIC OXIDE IN A WIDE VARIETY OF CLINICAL PROBLEMS

Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) clearly decreased pulmonary vascular resistance in pediatric patients with pulmonary hypertension, regardless of the underlying origin of the pulmonary hypertension. In persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate (PPHN) and CHD, the use of inhaled NO appears to improve the outcome of these patients. In acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and surfactant deficiency the role of inhaled NO therapy remains unclear. The use of inhaled NO is safe in a carefully monitored setting with a delivery system designed to minimize the generation of NO2.
An analytic element approach for modeling polygonal inhomogeneities in multi-aquifer systems

An analytic element approach is presented for the modeling of steady groundwater flow through multi-aquifer systems with piecewise constant aquifer and leaky layer properties. Different properties may be specified for domains bounded by closed polygons, referred to as polygonal inhomogeneities. The boundary of these inhomogeneities is modeled with two types of high-order line elements. First, a string of single-aquifer line-doublets is used; these elements cut through all aquifers and are valid both inside and outside the inhomogeneity. Second, two strings of multi-aquifer line-sinks are used, one string that is valid inside the inhomogeneity and one string that is valid outside; the comprehensive extraction of these line-sinks is zero at any point along the string. The proposed approach results in a comprehensive flow field of which the component normal to the boundary of the inhomogeneity is continuous across the boundary at any point. Within each individual aquifer, continuity of head and the component of flow normal to the boundary are met approximately across the boundary; the accuracy increases when the order of the line elements is increased and/or when shorter line elements are used. The proposed analytic element approach produces results that are virtually identical to the exact solution for a cylindrical inhomogeneity, and a high-resolution MODFLOW2000 model of two rectangular inhomogeneities with a shared boundary. The practical application of the approach is demonstrated through the solution of a problem with an irregularly shaped inhomogeneity with rivers crossing the inhomogeneity boundary.
Ultrafast time-gated imaging in thick tissues: a step toward optical mammography.

With an ultrafast time-gated optical detection method, a thin translucent strip of fat (2.5 mm thick) hidden inside a 4-cm-thick tissue is located with millimeter spatial resolution.
Hydropower licensing and climate change: Insights from cooperative game theory

Cooperative game theory solutions can provide useful insights into how parties may use water and environmental resources and share any benefits of cooperation. Here, a method based on Nash and Nash–Harsanyi bargaining solutions is developed to explore the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) relicensing process, in which owners of non-federal hydropower projects in the United States have to negotiate their allowable operations, with other interest groups (mainly environmental). Linkage of games to expand the feasible solution range and the “strategic loss” concept are discussed and a FERC relicensing bargaining model is developed for studying the bargaining stage (third stage) of the relicensing process. Based on the suggested solution method, how the lack of incentive for cooperation results in long delay in FERC relicensing in practice is explained. Further, potential effects of climate change on the FERC relicensing are presented and how climate change may provide an incentive for cooperation among the parties to hasten the relicensing is discussed. An “adaptive FERC license” framework is proposed, based on cooperative game theory, to improve the performance and adaptability of the system to future changes with no cost to the FERC, in face of uncertainty about future hydrological and ecological conditions.
Spodick's sign: a helpful electrocardiographic clue to the diagnosis of acute pericarditis.

Re: Masek KP, Levis JT. ECG diagnosis: Acute pericarditis. Perm J 2013 Fall;17(4):e146. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7812/TPP/13-044. Dear Editor, We read with great interest the work by Masek and Levis published in a recent issue of The Permanente Journal.1 They describe a classical electrocardiographic evolution of acute pericarditis. In the presented first electrocardiogram (ECG) of Stage I acute pericarditis, we would like to bring to the readers’ attention an interesting ECG finding: Spodick’s sign (Figure 1).2 This sign has been named after our University professor David Spodick, MD, a world-famous physician for his work on the pericardial diseases. It signifies to a downsloping TP segment in patients with acute pericarditis and is present in about 80% of the patients affected with acute pericarditis. The sign is often best visualized in lead II and lateral precordial leads. In addition, Spodick’s sign may also serve as an important distinguishing electrocardiographic tool between the acute pericarditis and acute coronary syndrome.3 PR-segment depression when used alone can sometimes be a masquerader, as it can be seen in both acute pericarditis and acute coronary syndrome. However, the presence of PR depression and Spodick’s sign is often a giveaway to the diagnosis.4,5 Figure 1. Electrocardiogram (ECG) of a 42-year-old man diagnosed with acute idiopathic/viral pericarditis. ECG represents Stage-1 pericarditis with diffuse PR-segment depression and ST segment elevation (except leads V1 and aVR where PR elevation is noted). Rhythm ... In Masek and Levis’s Figure 1 ECG (www.thepermanentejournal.org/issues/2013/fall/5537-acute-pericarditis.html), TP-segment downsloping is clearly apparent especially in leads II, V4-6 with near complete resolution after treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Masek and Levis’s Figure 2 [www.thepermanentejournal.org/issues/2013/fall/5537-acute-pericarditis.html]).
New Testament Theology in the Last Decade

HE last decade has witnessed important publications and vigorous discussion in the field of biblical theology. Interest in this subject had never disappeared, but for nearly fifty years there had been spirited opposition to the claim that biblical theology is the capstone of biblical study. The two works that crystallized this opposition in the New Testament field were H. J. Holtzmann's Lehrbuch der Neutestamentlichen Theologie,' which set the standard of severely scientific attitude, and W. Wrede's incisive monograph, Ueber Aufgabe und Methode der sogennanten Neutestamentlichen Theologie,2 which denied that the field of study was to be called theology or limited to the New Testament. H. Weinel's Biblische Theologie des Neuen Testaments3 carried forward Wrede's contention that New Testament theology must give way to the history of the religion and working convictions of primitive Christianity. An American classic in this field, E. W. Parsons' volume on The Religion of the New Testament,4 continued the aversion to the word, theology. However, Parsons' work, marred by a glaring failure to discuss Ephesians at all, falls short of Wrede's program. It discusses, with liberal presuppositions, the religion reflected in the New Testament documents; Wrede had contended that the focus should be not on documents but on the faith and convictions of the worshiping and working Church. Yet forces were at work in the thirties that were to lead to a new interest in New Testament theology as part of the total field of biblical theology: 1. Many students found much truth in Karl Barth's insistence, in the preface of the second edition of his commentary, Der Rimerbrief," that the critical scholarship of recent decades had not done full justice to the religious content and significance of the biblical documents. 2. Form Criticism taught students to see that the worshipping, growing, missionary church was the living stream in which the individual documents must be placed. 3. C. H. Dodd, in one of the most important books of the past generation, The Apostolic Preaching and Its Developments," demonstrated that there is a common message, a common conviction, concerning the Christ-centered working of God in history; and he made it clear that this common conviction appears in Acts, in the Gospels, and in the Epistles. 4. Dodd and many others also pointed out that history inevitably involves an element of interpretation. Such scholars began to make clear the serious limitations if not distortions that result from a historical method that im-
Intramembrane particle distribution and lectin binding of glioblastoma cells after long term subculture.

Human glioblastoma cells in long-term monolayer culture showed an even distribution of intramembrane particles (IMP) on all surfaces of the plasma membrane; junctional complexes were rearely observed and rectilinear arrays were not seen. Cells treated with Con A-ferritin an dRicin II-ferritin showed an even distribution of lectin receptors and under conditions used no capping occurred. Lectin-ferritin complexes were taken up into pinocytotic vesicles. Cleaved preparations of Ricin II-ferritin treated cells showed no change in the distribution of IMP.
Discharge Characterization of 40-Centimeter Microwave Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source and Neutralizer

Discharge characteristics of a 40-cm, 2.45-GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion thruster discharge chamber and neutralizer were acquired. Thruster bulk discharge plasma characteristics were assessed using a single Langmuir probe. An estimate of the total extractable ion current was measured as a function of input microwave power and flow rate. Additionally, radial ion current density profiles at the thruster's exit plane were characterized using five equally spaced Faraday probes. Distinct low- and high-density operating modes were observed as discharge input power was varied from 0 to 200 W. In the high mode, extractable ion currents as high as 0.82 A were measured. Neutralizer emission current was characterized as a function of flow rate and microwave power. Neutralizer extraction currents as high as 0.6 A were measured.
Whole gut transit scintigraphy in the clinical evaluation of patients with upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: In a single noninvasive, quantitative test, whole gut transit scintigraphy (WGTS) measures gastric emptying (GE), small bowel transit (SBT), and colonic transit (CT). The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical utility of WGTS in patients with functional gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. METHODS: A total of 108 patients with either dyspeptic upper GI symptoms (n = 35) or constipation (n = 73) underwent WGTS. Patients consumed a meal of 99 m-Tc egg sandwich with 111-In DTPA in water. They were imaged every 30 min for 6 h to measure GE and SBT, and at 24, 48, and 72 h to measure CT. RESULTS: Of 108 studies, 104 were analyzable. In patients with upper GI symptoms, 14/35 (40%) had delayed GE of solids, 4/35 (11%) delayed SBT, and 11/35 (31%) delayed CT. Of those with constipation, 13/69 (19%) had delayed GE, 5/69 (7%) delayed SBT, and 43/69 (65%) delayed CT. WGTS changed the initial clinical diagnosis in 47/104 (45%) and altered patient management in 70/104 (67%) of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Transit abnormalities of the upper GI tract and colon are common in patients with functional GI symptoms. Patients with upper GI symptoms frequently have delayed GE, whereas those with constipation tend to have predominantly delayed CT. In many patients with functional GI symptoms, there was evidence of a diffuse GI motility disorder. Whole gut transit scintigraphy is a simple, clinically useful test, as it frequently leads to a change in diagnosis and, therefore, patient management.
Chromosomal anomaly of 6q in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).

Abstract Anomalies of chromosome 6q, along with other chromosomal anomalies, are described in the bone marrow cells of two patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). One patient, a 14-year-old male, developed the karyotype 46,XY,t(1;6)(p36;q15),del(3)(q25),del(17)(p11),? inv(17)(q12q24) during blastic crisis of his disease. The other patient, a 24-year-old male, had the karyotype 46,XY,del(6)(q13),t(9;22)(q34;q11) during the early phase of his disease and evolution of i(17q) in the karyotype late in the disease.
Molecular modeling of EPON-862/graphite composites: Interfacial characteristics for multiple crosslink densities

Abstract Many thermo-mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced epoxy composites strongly depend on the conditions at the fiber/matrix interface. Because it is difficult to experimentally characterize the interface region, computational molecular modeling is a necessary tool for understanding the influence of interfacial molecular structure on bulk-level properties. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of crosslink density on the conditions of the interface region in graphite/epoxy composites. Molecular dynamics models are developed for the fiber/matrix interfacial region of graphite/EPON 862 composites for a wide range of crosslink densities. The mass density, residual stresses, and molecular potential energy are determined in the epoxy polymer in the immediate vicinity of a graphite fiber. It is determined that a surface region exists in the epoxy in which the mass density is different than that of the bulk mass density. The effective surface thickness of the epoxy is about 10 A, irrespective of the crosslink density. A high-resolution TEM image is obtained for the interfacial region of carbon nanofiber/EPON 862 composites which clearly shows that the interface region thickness is about 10 A, thus validating the molecular modeling technique. The simulations also predict residual stress levels in the surface region of the epoxy that are slightly higher than in the bulk, yet far below the ultimate load for the epoxy system considered herein. Furthermore, the simulations predict elevated levels of molecular potential energy in the interface region relative to the bulk epoxy, with the magnitude of energy decreasing for increasing crosslink densities.
Molecular adsorption of NO on PdO(101)

Abstract We investigated the adsorption of NO on the PdO(101) surface using temperature programmed desorption (TPD), reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. From TPD, we find that NO reaches a saturation coverage of ~ 0.54 monolayer (ML) on PdO(101) at 90 K, and that desorption from the saturated layer produces a complex TPD trace with five pronounced maxima between 100 and 550 K. We observe negligible quantities of desorbing products other than NO during TPD, indicating that NO does not react on PdO(101) under the conditions studied. For low coverages, RAIR spectra reveal that NO adsorption at 90 K produces both flat-lying and atop configurations of NO on the coordinatively unsaturated (cus) Pd atoms of PdO(101), but that these configurations are meta-stable and transform to bridge-NO species at higher temperature. RAIRS measurements further show that NO binding on atop-Pdcus sites becomes preferred with increasing coverage above ~ 25% of the Pdcus density, and provide evidence of a weakly-bound state at coverages above 100% (0.35 ML). Consistent with our experimental findings, DFT predicts that NO preferentially adsorbs on bridge-Pdcus sites at low coverage and that the site preference changes to atop-Pdcus sites with increasing NO coverage, resulting in mixtures of atop-bridge NO configurations as well as an all-atop configuration. DFT also predicts that NO can adopt a flat-lying configuration on the Pdcus row at low coverage, and can also achieve stable bonding on the fourfold Pd sites of PdO(101) at high NO coverages. Both the computational and experimental results show that NO binds on PdO(101) in multiple, local configurations even at low coverage.
Nonlinear Dynamic Response of Membranes: State of the Art

Membrane structures have been used since the earliest of times. Until recently, their analysis has relied chiefly on trial and error; however, modern methods of analysis are evolving. The deformations are nearly always of the large rotation and/or strain type and are thus inherently nonlinear. Static analysis can be considered as a special case of the dynamic analysis. This paper is concerned then with reviewing methods of nonlinear dynamic analysis of membrane structures. Two problems of analysis are associated with membrane structures: (i) shape (or form) finding; (ii) response (deformation and/or stress) analysis. Shape finding (ie, determination of the surface geometry given an initial prestress, generation of cutting patterns, etc) is nontrivial but well documented in the literature and is not considered in this paper. In this review attention is instead focused on formulation of field equations, wrinkling analysis, fluid/structure interactions, material nonlinearities, and computational methods.
A pH/UV-B Synergism in Amphibians.

Some workers have proposed that synergistic interactions may contribute to the decline and disappearance of amphibians (Blaustein & Wake 1990; Carey 1993; Blaustein et al. 1994a). In this pilot study, we tested the effects of low pH and increased ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) on frog-embryo survival. Blaustein et al. (1994b) correlated differences in declines in three anuran species in the Cascades with differences in their abilities to
Detection of Amide and Aromatic Proton Resonances of Human Brain Metabolites Using Localized Correlated Spectroscopy Combined with Two Different Water Suppression Schemes

The purpose of the study was to demonstrate the J-coupling connectivity network between the amide, aliphatic, and aromatic proton resonances of metabolites in human brain using two-dimensional (2D) localized correlated spectroscopy (L-COSY). Two different global water suppression techniques were combined with L-COSY, one before and another after localizing the volume of interest (VOI). Phantom solutions containing several cerebral metabolites at physiological concentrations were evaluated initially for sequence optimization. Nine healthy volunteers were scanned using a 3T whole body MRI scanner. The VOI for 2D L-COSY was placed in the right occipital white/gray matter region. The 2D cross and diagonal peak volumes were measured for several metabolites such as N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), free choline (Ch), glutamate/glutamine (Glx), aspartate (Asp), myo-inositol (mI), GABA, glutathione (GSH), phosphocholine (PCh), phosphoethanolamine (PE), tyrosine (Tyr), lactate (Lac), macromolecules (MM) and homocarnosine (Car). Using the pre-water suppression technique with L-COSY, the above mentioned metabolites were clearly identifiable and the relative ratios of metabolites were calculated. In addition to detecting multitude of aliphatic resonances in the high field region, we have demonstrated that the amide and aromatic resonances can also be detected using 2D L-COSY by pre water suppression more reliably than the post-water suppression.
Viscoelastic behavior of fractionated ovine submaxillary mucins.

Solution properties of fractionated ovine submaxillary mucin (OSM) and asialo OSM (aOSM) in aqueous guanidine hydrochloride have been investigated using light scattering and Theological methods. For the first time we present viscometric evidence in both dilute and concentrated solution that the molecular structure of OSM is that of a wormlike chain. The intrinsic viscosity shows molecular weight dependence consistent with the linear extended chain conformation observed by light scattering measurements. The viscoelastic behavior of the OSM fractions in aqueous guanidine hydrochloride was further examined above the overlap concentration as a function of molecular weight and temperature. Under these solvent conditions in which the role of nonbonding intermolecular interactions is minimized, OSM shows predominantly fluid like behavior. However, high molecular weight OSM shows evidence of the existence of an entanglement network at high concentration. The frequency-dependent shear storage and loss moduli at all concentrations and molecular weights can be scaled to yield a master curve by incorporating typical viscoelastic shift parameters. The entanglement molecular weight and concentration are consistent with literature data for extended, semiflexible wormlike chains. The behavior of aOSM is similar to that of intact OSM at comparable degrees of coil overlap, indicating that the terminal sialic acid residue on the carbohydrate side chain has no effect on the rheology of concentrated OSM solutions beyond that due to an increase in the hydrodynamic volume. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Radiation therapy's role in the management of liver metastases

Radiation therapy, Liver metastases, Complications. One of the first clinical reports of a series of patients who underwent irradiation of the entire liver for metastatic carcinoma” indicated that there were no adverse hepatic effects of that radiation and inferred the relative radioresistence of that organ, in spite of earlier suggestions to the contrary.’ Coincident in time with this attitude was the medical application of megavoltage radiation equipment’ which provided the capability of delivering larger and more homogenous doses of radiation at a depth within patients. It was hoped, therefore, that tumor control in the face of metastatic liver disease might be possible by utilizing whole liver irradiation. Likewise, it was considered feasible to apply prophylactic whole abdominal irradiation, inclusive of the entire liver, either by the technique of multiple wide portals of irradiation or that of the moving-strip, to other patients who were at risk for the development of diffuse intra-abdominal carcinoma or lymphoma.’
What Are the Implications of Accountable Care Organizations for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Practices

The goal of delivering quality health care at a lower overall cost through accountable care organizations (ACO) as described as part of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA) has gained momentum among payers, providers, and the public. The concept includes developing an organization that provides incentives for quality care while lowering the overall cost of the care. If the goals are met, then both providers and payers would be able to share in the financial savings produced by the lower health care costs achieved while improving the quality of care delivered. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has further defined ACOs in the proposal rule released March 31, 2011, in the Medicare Shared Savings Program: Accountable Care Organizations. Medicare has projected that, over the first 3 years, there will be 75-150 ACOs developed, resulting in coverage of 1.5-4.0 million Medicare beneficiaries. This initial phase has been projected to save Medicare $510-$800 million in health care costs [1,2]. Regardless of whether or not this initial model of ACOs will have long-term alidity, it is likely that components of the model will be included in future health care eform; therefore, physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) providers will have to ecide how they will respond to these future changes. This article describes some of the MS proposed ACO regulations and strategies that practices might consider to prepare for he future.
Semi-parametric proportional intensity models robustness for right-censored recurrent failure data

This paper reports the robustness of the four proportional intensity (PI) models: Prentice–Williams–Peterson-gap time (PWP-GT), PWP-total time (PWP-TT), Andersen–Gill (AG), and Wei–Lin–Weissfeld (WLW), for right-censored recurrent failure event data. The results are beneficial to practitioners in anticipating the more favorable engineering application domains and selecting appropriate PI models. The PWP-GT and AG prove to be models of choice over ranges of sample sizes, shape parameters, and censoring severity. At the smaller sample size (U=60), where there are 30 per class for a two-level covariate, the PWP-GT proves to perform well for moderate right-censoring (Pc≤0.8), where 80% of the units have some censoring, and moderately decreasing, constant, and moderately increasing rates of occurrence of failures (power-law NHPP shape parameter in the range of 0.8≤δ≤1.8). For the large sample size (U=180), the PWP-GT performs well for severe right-censoring (0.8<Pc≤1.0), where 100% of the units have some censoring, and moderately decreasing, constant, and moderately increasing rates of occurrence of failures (power-law NHPP shape parameter in the range of 0.8≤δ≤2.0). The AG model proves to outperform the PWP-TT and WLW for stationary processes (HPP) across a wide range of right-censorship (0.0≤Pc≤1.0) and for sample sizes of 60 or more.
Convergence of optics and NMR: Far field imaging phenomena in magnetic resonance

Recent developments in ultra-high field NMR have allowed researchers to explore the far field wave regime. Propagating waves are an effective way to deliver RF and provide a variety of propagation modes for field manipulation.
Identification of monoclonal antibody binding domains of Na+,K(+)-ATPase by immunoelectron microscopy.

Abstract Treatment of purified preparations of porcine Na + ,K + -ATPase with phospholipase A 2 , MgCl 2 and NaVO 3 leads to the formation of two-dimensional crystals exclusively in a dimeric configuration. Two-dimensional computer-averaged projections of the electron microscopy images of the crystalline enzyme with bound F ab fragments of monoclonal antibody M10-P5-C11 were accomplished using image enhancement software and showed that the antibody fragments caused only a modest increase in the unit cell size, while reducing the extent of asymmetry of the two promoters in each unit cell. The digital imaging also showed that the antibody's epitope on the α subunit resides on the ‘lobe’ or ‘hook’ region of the intracellular portion of the enzyme. Since functional studies indicate that M10-P5-C11 binds near or between the ATP binding site and the phosphorylation site, this visualized ‘lobe’ region of α may comprise the catalytic site. In addition, the binding of another inhibitory antibody, 9-A5, has been found to prevent crystal formation and the presence of the carbohydrate sugars on the enzyme's β subunit shown to be required for crystal formation.
RNA catalysis through compartmentalization

RNA performs important cellular functions in contemporary life forms. Its ability to act both as a catalyst and a storage mechanism for genetic information is also an important part of the RNA world hypothesis. Compartmentalization within modern cells allows the local concentration of RNA to be controlled and it has been suggested that this was also important in early life forms. Here, we mimic intracellular compartmentalization and macromolecular crowding by partitioning RNA in an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS). We show that the concentration of RNA is enriched by up to 3,000-fold in the dextran-rich phase of a polyethylene glycol/dextran ATPS and demonstrate that this can lead to approximately 70-fold increase in the rate of ribozyme cleavage. This rate enhancement can be tuned by the relative volumes of the two phases in the ATPS. Our observations support the importance of compartmentalization in the attainment of function in an RNA World as well as in modern biology.
Actuated tweezers for precision microassembly.

Sandia National Laboratories is exploring assembling micro, meso, and miniature scale parts into a variety of tiny devices. These devices are comprised of parts ranging from tens of microns to a few millimeters in size. In support of this activity, a rapid prototyping assembly workstation that enables an operator to assemble three-dimensional devices with a minimum of fixturing has been developed. This workstation consists of precision robotics, stages, cameras, and sensors integrated in a way that facilitates human interaction. Although many of the workstation components are commercially available, no inexpensive and durable grippers of suitably large range of motion could be found. This paper describes the design and testing of a novel micro gripper based on precision tweezers and actuated with a micro servo that has proven extremely useful for the operator directed assembly of micro scale devices.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Variability in resistance to organophosphorous insecticides in field-collected colonies of Amblyseius finlandicus (Oudemans) (Acari, Phytoseiidae)

Five colonies of Amblyseius finlandicus (Oudemans) were collected from Finnish apple orchards and tested for tolerance to two organophosphorous insecticides (OPs), dimethoate and azinphosmethyl. Slide-dip bioassays demonstrated clear differences between the five colonies. The LC50 value for the most resistant colony was about five times the value of the most susceptible colony for both pesticides. Colonies from orchards with previous OP treatments were more tolerant than the colonies from non-treated areas. Existing variation indicates it may be possibile to increase resistance levels using laboratory selection. Zusammenfassung Variation in der Resistenz von Freilandpopulationen der Raubmilbe Amblyseius finlandicus (Oudemans) (Acari, Phytoseiidae) gegenuber Organophosphatinsektiziden Die Toleranz von funf Populationen der Raubmilbe Amblyseius finlandicus (Oudemans) aus finnischen Apfelanlagen gegenuber zwei Organophosphaten, Dimethoat und Azinphos-Methyl, wurde getestet. Die “Slide-dip”-Methode zeigte deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den Stammen. Die Population mit der hochsten Toleranz hatte eine ca. funfmal hohere LC50 gegenuber den beiden Insektiziden als die empfindlichste Population. Die drei Stamme von mit Organophosphaten behandelten Apfelanlagen hatten hohere Toleranzen als die zwei Stamme von unbehandelten Anlagen. Diese existierende Variation zeigt, das die Resistenz durch Selektion im Laboratorium erhoht werden kann.
Design of spectral filtering for tissue classification

Tissue characterization from imaging studies is an integral part of clinical practice. We describe a spectral filter design for tissue separation in dual energy CT scans obtained from Gemstone Spectral Imaging scanner. It enables to have better 2D/3D visualization and tissue characterization in normal and pathological conditions. The major challenge to classify tissues in conventional computed tomography (CT) is the x-ray attenuation proximity of multiple tissues at any given energy. The proposed method analyzes the monochromatic images at different energy levels, which are derived from the two scans obtained at low and high KVp through fast switching. Although materials have a distinct attenuation profile across different energies, tissue separation is not trivial as tissues are a mixture of different materials with range of densities that vary across subjects. To address this problem, we define spectral filtering, that generates probability maps for each tissue in multi-energy space. The filter design incorporates variations in the tissue due to composition, density of individual constituents and their mixing proportions. In addition, it also provides a framework to incorporate zero mean Gaussian noise. We demonstrate the application of spectral filtering for bone-free vascular visualization and calcification characterization.
Delayed increases in alcohol consumption occur in rat colonies but not in isolated rats after injections of monoamine neurotoxins.

A colony of male hooded rats was reared in an enriched environment with ad libitum access to water and 10% alcohol. Water consumption followed a circadian rhythm whereas there were two peak periods of alcohol consumption daily: just before feeding and just before the beginning of the sleep cycle. There were also 2- to 5-day cycles of alcohol consumption which were negatively correlated with daily water intake. When the rats were captured and given intraventricular injections of the neurotoxins 6-hydroxydopamine, 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine, or of saline, there were initial increases in alcohol consumption by 5,6-dihyroxytryptamine-treated rats and decreases by rats treated with 6-hydroxydopamine, but alcohol intake then gradually increased in all three groups for 25 days, paralleling increases in social disruptions and shifts in dominance. A number of these effects were due to social aspects of alcohol consumption in enriched rat colonies because they did not occur in isolated rats.
The utility of the Kohlman Evaluation of Living Skills test is associated with substantiated cases of elder self-neglect.

Purpose: Self-neglect is the most prevalent finding among cases reported to Adult Protective Services (APS) and is characterized by an inability to meet one’s own basic needs. The Kohlman evaluation of living skills (KELS) has been validated in geriatric populations to assess performance with both instrumental and basic activities of daily living and as an assessment tool for the capacity to live independently; therefore, the purpose of this analysis was to compare the scores of the KELS between substantiated cases of self-neglect and matched community-dwelling elders. Data sources: This is a cross-sectional pilot study of 50 adults aged 65 years and older who were recruited from APS as documented cases of self-neglect and 50 control participants recruited from Harris County Hospital District outpatient clinics. Control participants were matched for age, race, gender, and ZIP code. A geriatric nurse practitioner (NP)–led team administered a comprehensive geriatric assessment in homes of all study participants. The assessment included the KELS and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) tests. Chi-square analyses were used to determine if cases of self-neglect were significantly more likely to fail the KELS test than matched controls. Conclusions: The analyses revealed that self-neglectors were significantly more likely to fail the KELS than non-self-neglectors (50% vs. 30%, p = .025). When stratified by MMSE scores, self-neglectors with intact cognitive function remained significantly more likely to fail the KELS compared to matched, cognitively intact controls (45% vs. 17%, p = .013). Abnormal results using an in-home KELS test were significantly associated with substantiated cases of self-neglect. Implications for practice: There is currently no gold-standard measure for identifying capacity with self-care behaviors among cases of self-neglect. As a result, self-neglect may remain unidentified in many clinical settings. The KELS provides clinicians with an objective measure of an individual’s capacity and performance with everyday life–supporting tasks and thus, provides information that can help NPs identify elders at risk for self-neglect. These findings suggest that the KELS test has significant utility as part of a comprehensive geriatric assessment to aid clinicians in suspected cases of self-neglect.
The Peterlee relational test vehicle: a system overview

A high-level data-base system, the Peterlee Relational Test Vehicle (PRTV), provides flexible, interactive data-base support and functional extensibility. The user sees the system primarily through a programming language called ISBL, which is designed for manipulating bulk data held in relations. PRTV is not a fullfledged data-base system, but rather an evolving prototype which is expected to aid in solving some of the problems that have been encountered in using relational data bases. PRTV embodies research both in data-base language design and in efficient implementation techniques.
A TEST OF THE GENERALITY OF THE EFFECTS OF SHELTER BOTTLENECKS IN FOUR STONE CRAB POPULATIONS

The structural complexity of a habitat dictates the availability of shelter, and shelter may affect population and community structure in many systems. I tested predictions from the shelter bottleneck hypothesis, which proposes that shelter (or refuge) limitation can control population size structure and density by acting strongly on only one size class. I manipulated shelter for stone crabs in four haphazardly chosen bays in the northeast Gulf of Mexico to examine the shelter bottleneck hypothesis in a mixed-model design. I also examined four biotic factors (habitat structure, food, predation, and interspecific competition) that may contribute to population-level differences among bays. I found differences among bays in stone crab size structure and density and in crab responses to size-specific shelter supplementation. These differences in stone crabs among bays included: (1) natural median crab size differed by 5.5-fold, (2) size at maturity changed by 33%, (3) adult density varied 10-fold, (4) the den...
A Design-Sequence from New Mexico.

Much has been written on the development of geometrical decoration among primitive people, and many design-sequences have been arranged; the latter, however, have almost always been based on preconceived theoretical ideas, and the material for them has usually been selected from specimens whose relative ages have not been known. Such sequences cannot, therefore, be regarded as indicating surely the tendencies of design growth, for the specimens regarded as early may in fact have been late, and the development may thus have taken place in the opposite direction to the one postulated; or, again, the specimens may all have been of one period and may represent either contemporary variants of a single design-phase, or entirely unrelated parts of other unsuspected sequences. It has accordingly been impossible in most cases to do more than guess as to whether any given change in design has been from the natural to the conventional or vice versa; whether toward simplification or toward elaboration.
Rediscovery of the Types of Euphorbia sparsiflora (Euphorbiaceae) and Gutierrezia ionensis (Asteraceae) at MIN

Type specimens of two names (Euphorbia sparsiflora A. Heller, Euphorbiaceae, Gutierrezia ionensis Lunell, Asteraceae) have been discovered, superseding recent lecto- and neotypifications.
Medical orientation among a Mexican-American population: an old and a new model reviewed.

Abstract Ten years after Suchman s model of medical orientation was tested in 1965 among the many ethnic groups of Washington Heights, New York City, Geertsen and colleagues proposed a revision of his model based on their study in Salt Lake City. They attempted to develop a model which was more sensitive and more capable of being generalized. The present study of a Chicano population in Houston uses features of both models while seeking to understand the medical orientation of Mexican-Americans in particular. One component of Suchman's model, medical skepticism, is seen as a variable which does not explain variation in medical orientation among the Chicanos sampled. The data are then applied to medical orientation excluding this component, and more explanation of medical orientation is achieved.