cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Calculation of the temperature-dependent mobility transition for small-polaron hopping in one dimension

Exact expressions for the dc mobility of a small polaron hopping on a one-dimensional disordered lattice are derived. Several features are observed: (i) linear response is recovered in the limit of vanishing applied fields, in spite of the presence of random biases, (ii) the nondecaying part of the polaron memory function does not contribute to the dc mobility for a diagonally disordered system, and (iii) for a Gaussian distribution of site energies, the mobility vanishes below a transition temperature ${\mathit{T}}_{0}$. It is shown that at a temperature T near the transition point, the mobility scales as \ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\sim}(T-${\mathit{T}}_{0}$${)}^{1/2}$.
condylar movement and centric relation in patients with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint

Abstract This study was designed to compare the reproducibility of the condylar translation pathway and the centric relation position in patients with and without internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint. Reproducibility of condylar movement and variability of the axis point of condylar rotation in centric relation was studied in 15 patients with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint and 15 patients with no history or clinical signs of mandibular dysfunction. Condylar movement and axis point location were recorded with a sagittal recording device at three separate recording sessions. Lead markers were placed on the skin over the axis and orbital points, and lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken at each session. Analysis of cephalometric and axiographic recordings included both linear and angular measurements. Analysis of the condylar movement pathway revealed greater within-subject reproducibility in the control group for both the right and left condyles ( p p p
Abnormal chromosome repair and risk of developing cancer.

Several scientists have proposed that DNA repair deficiencies and the induction of a mutator phenotype are responsible for the generation of multiple mutagenic alterations in cancer cells. I propos...
A Question of Foot Dominance

It is suggested that the popular definition of foot dominance (i.e., the limb preferred to execute a manipulative or mobilizing action while the other [nondominant] foot provides stabilizing support, e.g., kicking a ball) be reconsidered in light of understanding the functional characteristics of footedness and selected theoretical explanations. Relevance to future research designs and assessment methodology is discussed.
Synthesis and characterization of lithium sulfonates as components of molten salt electrolytes

Abstract A series of lithium sulfonates intended for battery purpose are synthesized by means of Strecker synthesis or sulfinatodehalogenation-oxidation: LiO 3 SRSO 3 Li; R = alkylene (I) or oligo-oxyethylene (II): RSO 3 Li; R = perfluoroalkyls (III) or perhaloalkyls (IV). Thermal, electrical and electrochemical properties of these and their molten salt mixtures with other components are evaluated as lithium ion conducting electrolytes. The best recipe containing a newly synthesized lithium sulfonate gives a room temperature conductivity of 10 −2.8 S cm −1 with a 4.0 V electrochemical domain.
Seal-rotordynamic-coefficient Test Results for a Model SSME ATD-HPFTP Turbine Interstage Seal with and Without a Swirl Brake

Results are presented from a test program that compares predictions and measurements for a model version of the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) Alternate Turbopump Development (ATD) High-Pressure Fuel Turbopump (HPFTP), with and without a swirl brake. The tests were conducted in order to establish a degree of confidence in seal calculations for the ATD turbopumps. Test results demonstrate that the proposed swirl brake design is effective in reducing the seal destabilizing forces. Without the swirl brake, the cross-coupled stiffness k increases monotonically with increasing inlet tangential velocity. With the swirl break, k tends to either be constant or decrease with increasing inlet tangential velocity. Comparisons between Scharrer's (1988) theory and measurements for the seal without a swirl brake indicate that the predictions can be used to provide design guidelines only.
Dream Vortex: Artwork in Interactive 3D

Dream Vortex is a virtual art installation with interactive 3D objects, developed for a CAVE, Oculus Rift, or 3D monitor by artist Meredith Tromble and scientist Dawn Sumner. The central structure is an interactive vortex of hand-drawn dream images that appear in 3D space before the viewer, accompanied by a sound environment. A viewer interacts with the vortex by selecting dream emblems with a game controller. With it, the viewer has the ability to "touch," move, and compose the images, much like picking up physical objects and moving them around. Once a dream is selected, the vortex disappears; the chosen dream and a suite of related dreams fade into view. For the time span of a typical dream (a few minutes) the viewer can interact with them, moving, resizing, and arranging them in new patterns. The dreams are contributed by the research community at UC Davis, so conceptually the work links "opposites": subjective and objective knowledge; 2D and 3D space; and our oldest and newest art-making media.
Free-electron laser etching of dental enamel.

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Mark-III free-electron laser as a means of etching enamel surfaces, with potential application to resin bonding. Methods: The FEL was tuned to wavelengths ranging from 3.0 to 9.2 μm. Specific wavelengths that are resonantly absorbed by phosphates, proteins, and water were used. First, bovine enamel was polished and exposed to static FEL exposures. Lased enamel was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additional bovine enamel specimens were exposed to FEL at similar wavelengths, but with rastering to create treated rectangular areas on each specimen. Surface roughness was evaluated using profilometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Composite was bonded to the lased enamel, and shear bond strengths were determined using an Instron universal testing machine. As a control, the surface roughness of, and shear bond strengths to, acid-etched enamel were determined. Results: Static FEL exposures caused changes in the enamel ranging from an etched appearance to pits, cracks, and frank cratering. The surface roughness of lased enamel was much greater than that of acid-etched enamel, and was qualitatively different as well. Shear bond strengths of resin to acid-etched enamel were significantly higher than bond strengths to lased enamel. Conclusions: Under the conditions used in this study, the FEL did not offer a practical and effective method of etching enamel for resin bonding. However, the ability of the FEL to deliver many specific wavelengths makes it an interesting tool for further research of laser effects on tooth structure.
The effects of methylmercury compounds on the skin (in vitro) of the leopard frog (Rana pipiens)

Abstract 1. 1. Leopard frogs readily survive injections of large amounts of dimethylmercury or methylmercuric chloride. 2. 2. The short-circuit current and P.D. across the skin ( in vitro ) were not changed by dimethylmercury (10 −3 M ) but were reduced by methylmercuric chloride (10 −4 M ). The latter was only active when present in the epidermal bathing media. 3. 3. The electrical resistance rose initially, then declined. 4. 4. These responses were only modified when BAL was added prior to the drug. The effects were irreversible. 5. 5. The action of vasotocin on osmotic water transfer was antagonized by methyl-mercuric chloride and the O 2 consumption was depressed. Dimethylmercury (10 −3 M ) was without action.
Ethnic Economy and Industry in Mid-Twentieth Century Gotham

This paper uses census data to examine the distinction between ethnic economy effects and industry effects in the New York SMSA. Focusing only on employees, I compare the attainments of “insiders,” that is, of ethnics within their ethnic economy industries, with the attainment of “outsiders” in the same industries. I find little difference. I then examine whether the industries in which ethnic economies are embedded offer all incumbents significantly different outcomes than do non-ethnic economy industries. In slightly over half the industries associated with an ethnic economy, earnings were significantly higher than average; no effect on occupational status was uncovered. These results suggest that industrial location is more consequential than being an “insider.”
Monitoring the state-federal rehabilitation program

The present reporting and monitoring systems in state-federal rehabilitation programs contain problems in the collection and use of data, suggesting needed changes.
Pathological findings of late stent thrombosis after paclitaxel-eluting stent implantation for superficial femoral artery disease

Abstract A 76-year-old man presented with right critical limb ischemia. An angiography revealed right SFA occlusion. Therefore, two paclitaxel-eluting stents (Zilver PTXs 6.0mm×120mm stents; Cook Medical, Bloomington, Indiana) were placed, which promoted good blood flow. Follow-up angiography at 6 months also showed no restenosis. However, 10 months later, the patient suddenly visited with acute-onset pain in the right leg. Computed tomography showed the acute occlusion at the stented SFA. Eventually, above-knee amputation was performed due to the poor general condition and progressive limb ischemia. As the pathological finding, heterogeneous neointima formation at the stented site was mainly found. Although neointimal layer consisting of smooth muscle cell (SMC) was partly observed, necrotic tissue was evident in the remaining portion. At the necrotic tissue site, the majority of the components of the material covered by the stent strut were fibrin deposits. The findings of regenerative endothelial cells were not observed at the luminal surface. Nuclei of medial SMCs were also lost between the arterial media and the stent strut. Late stent thrombosis after paclitaxel-eluting stenting for SFA lesion has not been sufficiently evaluated. Here, we report a case of late stent thrombosis with a review including pathological findings. Learning objective: We reported that a 76-year-old man received paclitaxel-eluting stent for femoropopliteal disease. Ten months later, stent thrombosis was occurred and above-knee amputation was performed. As the pathological finding, heterogeneous neointima formation was mainly found and the regenerative endothelial cells were not observed. Our report suggested that delayed healing and uncovered strut caused by paclitaxel-exposure resulted in late stent thrombosis.>
Oculomotor responses to step-ramp targets by young human infants.

Previous research has shown that the smooth pursuit system in early infancy is quite immature. Infants' tracking of a single, small target moving at velocities greater than 10 deg/sec is almost entirely saccadic until the end of the second postnatal month. The emergence of smooth pursuit is characterized by low gain (< 0.5) and frequent saccadic intrusions. To provide a quantitative description of pursuit to relatively slow target velocities, 10 infants ranging in age from 7 to 11 weeks viewed a 2 deg target that was stepped 5 to 10 deg from screen center and then ramped back to screen center and 10 deg beyond at a constant velocity of 3, 6 or 12 deg/sec. Smooth pursuit was observed even in the youngest infant whose segments of pursuit between saccades were up to 5 sec in duration. At the slowest target velocity, mean pursuit gain across infants was 0.50, while at 6 and 12 deg/sec mean pursuit gain was 0.25 and 0.11. This systematic decrease in pursuit gain with increasing target velocity implies that pursuit velocity was invariant across the three target velocities. These findings suggest that smooth pursuit can be generated consistently by the end of the second postnatal month, but that it is slow and uncalibrated to the velocity of the target.
U.S. ICF program: status and accomplishments

The paper describes the structure of the ICF program and highlights its latest results. The pre-construction activities of the National Ignition Facility (NIF) project have increased their momentum as a result of the recent Congressional decision to appropriate the requested funds for Fiscal Year 1997 to continue the project. The facility is an essential part of United States nuclear defense program in the absence of underground testing. The near-term goal of the U.S. ICF program is to achieve ignition in the laboratory (i.e. NIF) and to achieve high yield in the future. This paper describes some current results in ignition physics and related areas, as well as the progress in some new concepts that may have application to high yield. International collaborations that have been developed in recent years have contributed to the increased rate of progress. The paper closes with a summary of current and planned international initiatives.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
On the static quadrupole moments of the 21+ states in 126Te and 128Te

Abstract The reorientation effect in Coulomb excitation was used to measure the static quadrupole moments of the first 2 + states in 126 Te and 128 Te. The particle-γ coincidence technique using a large NaI(Tl) crystal was employed to measure relative excitation probabilities at backward and forward projectile scattering angles. The Winther-de Boer multiple Coulomb excitation program was used to analyze the data. The influence of the deorientation effect was also determined. For positive interference via the second 2 + state the extracted quadrupole moments of the first 2 + states are; −0.20±0.09 b and -0.24±0.08 b for 126 Te and 128 Te respectively. The quadrupole moments of the first 2 + states of 122,124,126,128,130 Te determined by different techniques are in excellent agreement with one another. The values are compared with recent theoretical calculations.
Generation of L3T4-/Ly-2- T cells in Peyer's patches of mice treated with monoclonal antibody against helper T cells.

Abstract The effect of in vivo administration of anti-L3T4 monoclonal antibody on the generation of an L3T4 − /Ly-2 − (CD4 − /CD8 − ) population of Thy-1.2 + cells was examined in Peyer's patches of mice by two-color flow cytometry. Female BALB/c mice aged 8 wk were given 4–6 weekly injections of either anti-L3T4 (1 mg/wk) or phosphate-buffered saline (control group), and dispersed Peyer's patch cells analyzed for the presence and absence of L3T4 and Ly-2 on Thy-1.2 + cells. In anti-L3T4 treated mice, L3T4 − /Ly-2 − T cells accounted for 25–30% of the Thy-1.2 + cells, whereas in control mice these cells represented only 3–4% of the T cells. The remaining 70–75% of the Thy-1.2 + cells after anti-L3T4 treatment were Ly-2 + and not L3T4 + . The L3T4 − /Ly-2 − population of Thy-1.2 + cells is a novel subset which has not been previously found in Peyer's patches and is amplified when helper T cells are depleted.
Controlled efficacy study of the bioequivalence of strongid® C and generic pyrantel tartrate in horses

Abstract The bioequivalence of Strongid® C and generic pyrantel tartrate was determined in a controlled study using 30 horses with naturally acquired endoparasitic infections. Three horses were randomly allocated to each of ten replicates based on quantitative nematode and ascarid egg counts and fecal larvae culture results. Horses within each replicate were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. Horses in Treatment Group 1 received only oats; horses in Treatment Group 2 received generic pyrantel tartrate pellets (2.65 mg pyrantel tartrate kg−1) mixed with oats; horses in Treatment Group 3 were fed Strongid® C pellets (2.65 mg pyrantel tartrate kg−1) mixed with oats. Horses were treated daily for a 30 day continuous treatment period. At the termination of the study the horses were necropsied and endoparasites recovered, identified, and enumerated. In all instances, no significant difference (P>0.05) in mean numbers of parasites recovered existed between horses treated with generic pyrantel tartrate and Strongid® C. Numbers of gastrointestinal parasites recovered from horses treated with generic pyrantel tartrate or Strongid® C were shown to be significantly different (P
Batch‐Processing of Inertial Measurements for Mitigation of Sculling and Commutation Errors

: A new approach to improve the accuracy of the positioning and velocity outputs of an inertial navigation system is proposed in this paper. This approach implements coordinate transformations and attitude computations by means of batch-processing in the frequency domain. Test results demonstrate that this approach is superior to traditional time-domain processing for reconstructing sculling and coning motions, thereby reducing sculling and commutation errors in the INS output. Application areas where this superior performance is a significant benefit include motion compensation for synthetic aperture radar and airborne light detection and ranging.
Development of an expert system for scheduling work content in a job shop environment

Abstract Experts estimate that 65% of all manufacturing firms employ fifty or less employees, and many of these small manufacturing firms operate as job shop environments. This paper will focus on a methodology for the development of an expert systems approach to job shop scheduling. Specifically, the concept of prototyping and life cycle development will be discussed. Prototyping combines the steps of knowledge acquisition, knowledge representation, knowledge implementation, and verification and validation into a repetitive cycle, rather than having the steps in a sequential fashion. By using a prototyping cycle, a small expert system is developed first and then gradually enlarged as exception cases are identified, instead of attempting to complete each step entirely before continuing with the next.
A semi-analytical time integration for numerical solution of Boussinesq equation

A semi-analytical time integration method is proposed for the numerical simulation of transient groundwater flow in unconfined aquifers by the nonlinear Boussinesq equation. The method is based on the analytical solution of the system of ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients. While it is unconditionally stable and more accurate than the finite difference methods, the computational cost is much more expensive than (can be more than 10 times) that of the finite difference methods for a single time step. However, by partitioning the nonlinear parameters into linear and nonlinear parts, the costly computation can be performed only once. With larger and less variable time step sizes, the total computational cost can be significantly reduced. Three examples are included to illustrate the advantages and limitations of the proposed method.
A New Approach for Evaluating Radiation Embrittlement of Reactor Pressure Vessel Steels

A new approach is developed to predict the radiation embrittlement of reactor pressure vessel steels. The Charpy transition temperature shift data contained in the Power Reactor Embrittlement Database is used in this study. The results indicate that this new embrittlement predictor achieved about 67.3% and 52.4% reductions respectively, in the uncertainties for General Electric (GE) Boiling Water Reactor plate and weld data compared to Regulatory Guide 1.99, Rev. 2 (RG1.99/R2). The implications of irradiation temperature effects for the development of radiation embrittlement models are then discussed. A new approach for the Charpy trend curve is also developed, which incorporates the chemical compositions into the governing fitting equation. This approach reduces the uncertainty of Charpy data fitting and provides an expedient scheme to link and project the surveillance test results to those for reactor pressure vessel steels.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Successful use of education and cost-based feedback strategies to reduce physician utilization of low-osmolality contrast agents in the cardiac catheterization laboratory

Abstract For the more than 1 million cardiac catheterizations performed in the United States annually, the cost of iodinated contrast agents is an important and potentially adjustable factor in overall cost. Low-osmolality contrast agents decrease the incidence of adverse effects, but are 15 to 20 times more expensive. Most adverse reactions to high-osmolality contrast agents are minor and generally do not prolong hospital stay or result in permanent injury. 1–4 A cost-effective solution would be to reserve low-osmolality agents for high-risk patients who are at greatest risk for contrast-related complications. 5–11 Implementation of strategies to promote cost-effective use of resources is often hampered by the difficulty of modifying physician behavior. Most studies looking at methods to alter physician-ordering behavior have been directed at the overuse of laboratory and radiographic tests. Educational strategies alone have a variable effect on test-ordering patterns of physicians. 12–14 Approaches in which physicians are given individual cost feedback information on practice patterns lead to a more consistent reduction in test utilization. 15,16 In this report, we examine the impact of education and cost feedback strategies to modify physician use of low-osmolality contrast agents for cardiac diagnostic and interventional catheterization procedures.
Effect of silver ion on permeability properties of frog skin.

Abstract Ag+ added to the external bathing solution of frog skin causes a marked decrease in potential difference and an increase in conductance. Short-circuit current and net Na+ flux decrease somewhat. Na+ outflux and fluxes of SO 4 2− and mannitol are increased by Ag+. The fluxes of these solutes initially increase to 10–15 times control levels and then spontaneously decline to approximately 3 times control levels. These changes appear to be due to alteration of a shunt pathway in the skin. In addition, studies of washout of 24Na+ and 42K+ indicate that Ag+ effects the cation selectivity of the outer barrier; movement of K+ across this barrier increases markedly with minimal change in Na+ movement.
Sterile cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis in young infants with urinary tract infections.

In a multicenter prospective study, 91 of 1025 febrile infants ≤60 days of age had urinary tract infections. Among patients with urinary tract infections and without traumatic lumbar punctures, sterile cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis was uncommon (0%-8%, depending on the definition) in contrast to earlier studies reporting this association.
Comparison of operative and functional outcomes of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and radical retropubic prostatectomy: single surgeon experience.

Abstract Objectives To compare radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) outcomes in a contemporary series. Methods A total of 70 LRP patients operated on between 2001 and 2002 with at least 18 months of follow-up were selected. These patients were compared with a matched cohort of 70 patients who had undergone RRP by the same surgeon from 1999 to 2001. The baseline patient characteristics, perioperative and histologic parameters, recovery time, complications, and 18-month functional data were compared. Results No significant differences were found in the preoperative characteristics. The mean operative time was 181.8 ± 18.7 minutes for RRP and 246.4 ± 46.1 minutes for LRP ( P P P = NS). The mean pain score on postoperative day 1 was 4.5 in the LRP group and 7.8 in the RRP group on an analog pain score of 0 to 10 ( P = 0.02). Full recovery was achieved at 33 ± 17 days and 45 ± 20 days for the LRP and RRP groups, respectively ( P P = NS). The potency rate after bilateral neurovascular preservation with or without sildenafil for the LRP and RRP group was 55%, 72.6%, and 79.5% and 43%, 58%, and 72.4% at 6, 12, and 18 months, respectively ( P = NS). Conclusions LRP is well tolerated and provides short-term oncologic and functional results comparable to those of RRP.
Amphiphilic linear-dendritic triblock copolymers composed of poly(amidoamine) and poly(propylene oxide) and their micellar-phase and encapsulation properties.

A novel amphiphilic ABA dendritic-linear-dendritic block copolymer consisting of poly(amidoamine) and poly(propylene oxide) has been synthesized. The solution-phase behavior of the block copolymer was studied as a function of the generation of the dendritic block, ionic strength, and solution pH. The triblock self-assembles in aqueous media to form stable micelles with CMC values ranging from 10-6 to 10-5 M. Dynamic light scattering results indicate the formation of particles ranging from 9 to 18 nm in diameter, with smaller diameters exhibited at higher generations. Additional experiments were performed to assess the feasibility of the nanoparticles for drug delivery applications. Drug loading studies were performed with a model hydrophobic drug, triclosan, resulting in high loading efficiencies ranging from 79 to 86%w/w. The dendritic-linear-dendritic block copolymer synthesized was found to be a promising candidate for drug delivery due to its relative stability in aqueous solution and its drug encapsu...
Cynical hostility at home and work: Psychosocial vulnerability across domains

Abstract The Cook and Medley (1954) Hostility (Ho) scale has been found to predict coronary heart disease and general mortality. Previous research has indicated that the Ho scale primarily assesses a combination of anger proneness, resentment, and mistrust, and as a result can be viewed largely as a measure of cynical hostility . Previous, preliminary research has also indicated that cynically hostile persons report more stress and less social support, though such findings are not completely consistent across available studies. This psychosocial vulnerability, if indeed a consistent and pervasive correlate of hostility, is one potential link between Ho scores and disease. The present paper describes four studies examining psychosocial correlates of cynical hostility. Study 1 replicated previous findings of greater reported hassles and negative life events and less reported social support among high Ho scorers. Study 2 also replicated findings regarding general stress and support, and found more specifically that cynical hostility is associated with less reported support and higher reported conflict in the family. Study 3 found that Ho scores were associated with less marital satisfaction and more marital conflict, although this was more true for men than women. Study 4 indicated that cynical hostility was associated with greater reported stress in interpersonal aspects of work, with less job satisfaction, and with a negative view of work relationships. It is argued that this pattern of greater stress and less social support across domains represents an important psychosocial deficit or vulnerability—one potential link between cynical hostility and disease.
Engineered Drug Resistant γδ T Cells Kill Glioblastoma Cell Lines during a Chemotherapy Challenge: A Strategy for Combining Chemo- and Immunotherapy

Classical approaches to immunotherapy that show promise in some malignancies have generally been disappointing when applied to high-grade brain tumors such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). We recently showed that ex vivo expanded/activated γδ T cells recognize NKG2D ligands expressed on malignant glioma and are cytotoxic to glioma cell lines and primary GBM explants. In addition, γδ T cells extend survival and slow tumor progression when administered to immunodeficient mice with intracranial human glioma xenografts. We now show that temozolomide (TMZ), a principal chemotherapeutic agent used to treat GBM, increases the expression of stress-associated NKG2D ligands on TMZ-resistant glioma cells, potentially rendering them vulnerable to γδ T cell recognition and lysis. TMZ is also highly toxic to γδ T cells, however, and to overcome this cytotoxic effect γδ T cells were genetically modified using a lentiviral vector encoding the DNA repair enzyme O(6)-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) from the O(6)-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) cDNA, which confers resistance to TMZ. Genetic modification of γδ T cells did not alter their phenotype or their cytotoxicity against GBM target cells. Importantly, gene modified γδ T cells showed greater cytotoxicity to two TMZ resistant GBM cell lines, U373TMZ-R and SNB-19TMZ-R cells, in the presence of TMZ than unmodified cells, suggesting that TMZ exposed more receptors for γδ T cell-targeted lysis. Therefore, TMZ resistant γδ T cells can be generated without impairing their anti-tumor functions in the presence of high concentrations of TMZ. These results provide a mechanistic basis for combining chemotherapy and γδ T cell-based drug resistant cellular immunotherapy to treat GBM.
Structural equation models of sexual harassment: longitudinal explorations and cross-sectional generalizations.

Sexual harassment and its corresponding outcomes develop and change over time, yet research on this issue has been limited primarily to cross-sectional data. In this article, longitudinal models of harassment were proposed and empirically evaluated via structural equations modeling using data from 217 women who responded to a computerized questionnaire in 1994 and again in 1996. Results indicate that sexual harassment influences both proximal and distal work-related variables (e.g., job satisfaction, work withdrawal, job withdrawal) and psychological outcomes (e.g., life satisfaction, psychological well-being, distress). In addition, a replication of the L. F. Fitzgerald, F. Drasgow, C.L. Hulin, M.J. Gelfand, and V.J. Magley (1997) model of harassment was supported. This research was an initial attempt to develop integrated models of the dynamic effects of sexual harassment over time.
Characterization of surface plasmon peak shifts and dampening in Au-YSZ nanocomposites

Hydrogen and oxygen titration experiments have been performed for Au nanoparticles embedded in yttria-stabilized zirconia (Au-YSZ) nanocomposites at 500 °C and characteristic localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) absorption data has been acquired of the LSPR band in a variety of gas exposures. A model has been developed which attributes peak position shift to charge exchange between the gas environment and the nanocomposite. Using the calculated charge exchange, number of chemisorbed and incorporated oxygen ions, a qualitative description for the mechanisms dictating the broadening of the LSPR band have been made and the trend of the experimental data leads to the conclusion that the filled oxygen ion vacancies within the YSZ matrix for the Au-YSZ nanocomposite used in this study are at the Au nanoparticle/YSZ interface.)
Stress Fractures After Folding an Acrylic Intraocular Lens

Purpose: To manage the complication of stress fractures in foldable acrylic intraocular lenses. Methods: During an implantation of a foldable acrylic intraocular lens (AcrySof, Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth, Texas), the optic was noted to have developed paracentral stress fractures along the fold approximately 50% deep. Results: The lens was explanted and replaced without difficulty. Conclusions: The observed complication can be avoided by recognizing that it might occur, wetting the lens before slowly folding it, and inspecting it carefully before insertion.
Fibrin-enhanced endothelial cell organization.

The formation of cloned bovine endothelial cells into capillary-like tubes is accelerated from 3–7 days to 2–18 h in the presence of fibrin. Indirect immu-nofluorescence showed the presence of both fibrin and fibronectin in the strands along which the cells organized. Electronmicroscopy revealed the same type of cell structures as form in the absence of fibrin; it also revealed a gradual decrease with time of the fibrin within the putative lumen. Fibrin and fibronectin are commonly present during angiogenesis in vivo, thus these in vitro observations may well have relevance to the in vivo process.
Spatially Resolved Resistivity Measurements in Semiconductor Wafers using Microwave Techniques

In this paper we present a 35 Ghz microwave reflection system which we have used for measuring the resistivity of semiconductor wafers. By using a tapered parallel plate antenna for directing the microwave radiation on to the wafer there is no need for placing the sample inside a waveguide. The system can measure resistivity in the range of 0.5 ?-cm to 50 ?-cm with a spatial resolution of 0.040" × 0.040" which is similar to what can be achieved using standard four point probes.
Outage Probability of a Multi-User Cooperation Protocol in an Asychronous CDMA Cellular Uplink

In a recent paper, we proposed a multiuser space-time coded cooperative diversity protocol that operates in an asynchronous code-division multiple-access (CDMA) uplink under non-orthogonal channel assignment. The diversity combining of the relayed information was considered at the base station and the information-outage probability performance was investigated in a high-SNR regime. The goal of this paper is to extend those results and compare the performance of the proposed multi-user sharing protocol under diversity combining and code combining of the relayed transmissions at the base station and to examine the impact of using practical modulation techniques on the information-outage probability performance of the proposed multi-user cooperation protocol. We see that the performance loss due to modulation constraints and the use of diversity combining instead of code combining is relatively small.
Protons May Leak through Pure Lipid Bilayers via a Concerted Mechanism

Protons are known to permeate pure lipid bilayers at a rate that is anomalous compared to those of other small monovalent cations. The prevailing mechanism via which they cross the membrane is still unclear, and it is unknown how to probe the mechanism directly by experiment. One of the more popular theories assumes the formation of membrane-spanning single-file water wires providing a matrix along which the protons can “hop” over the barrier. However, free energy calculations on such structures (without the presence of an excess proton) suggest that this mechanism alone cannot account for the observed permeation rates. We use the multistate empirical valence bond method to directly study water structures surrounding a (delocalized) excess proton on its way through the membrane. We find that membrane-spanning networks, rather than single-file chains, are formed around the proton. We also find that such structures are considerably stabilized in the presence of the proton, with lifetimes of several hundreds of picoseconds. The observed structures are suggestive of a new, concerted, mechanism and provide some direction for further investigation.
Phase lag in periodic Coriolis star nystagmus.

Periodic Coriolis star nystagmus was produced in normal and unilabyrinthectomized cats. The phase lags of the horizontal and the vertical components were measured and plotted against the angular frequency of the applied horizontal rotation. An empirical exponential function was fitted to the experimental values in order to smooth their distribution. Taking as a basis these curves, the value of Π/Δ, Π/Θ, Δ/Θ, ωn and ζ were estimated for the horizontal and the vertical semicircular canals. The value of the damping factor, ζ, shows that the system is overdamped. A comparison between the nystagmic responses to separate and to simultaneous stimulation of the horizntal and vertical canals suggests that an important utricular hydrodynamic coupling might exist.
WHEELER WORMHOLES AND TOPOLOGY CHANGE: A MINISUPERSPACE ANALYSIS

Wheeler's wormholes are analyzed within the context of a particular minisuperspace approximation. In this approximation the Wheeler-DeWitt equation describing a wormhole is exactly solvable and the quantum mechanical wavefunction of a wormhole can be explicitly exhibited. Calculation shows that the throat of a minisuperspace Wheeler wormhole is stabilized against collapse by quantum mechanical effects: The radius of the throat has an expectation value of order the Planck length. Implications of this result with respect to the process of quantum gravitational topology change are discussed. In particular it is argued that the putative stability of minisuperspace Wheeler wormholes—if it persists beyond the minisuperspace approximation—might serve to suppress fluctuations in topology.
Loss on ignition and Kjeldahl digestion for estimating organic carbon and total nitrogen in estuarine marsh soils : calibration with dry combustion

Soils (n=250) were collected from ten salt and brackish-water marshes of North Carolina and analyzed for organic matter content by loss on ignition (LOI) and Kjeldahl nitrogen (KN). Total organic carbon and total nitrogen were determined on the same samples using an elemental CHN analyzer. Regression analyses indicated that LOI and KN were excellent estimators of organic C (R2=0.990) and total N(R2=0.986), respectively, in low clay content (0–11%) marsh soils containing a wide range of soil organic C (0.1–28%) and total N (0–1.6%). A quadratic equation best described the relationship between organic C and organic matter (Organic C=0.40 [LOI] +0.0025 [LOI]2) while a linear model accurately described the relationship between total N and Kjeldahl N (Total N=1.048 [KN]−0.010). The proportion of organic C in organic matter (C/OM) increased with increasing soil organic matter content, probably as a result of aging. Young marshes, which are characterized by low soil organic content contain C/OM ratios similar to emergent vegetation (40–45%). In old organic soils (70–80% organic matter), C/OM increased to 57–60% due to accumulation of reduced organic materials.
Steroid hormonal regulation of proliferative, p53 tumor suppressor, and apoptotic responses of sheep ovarian surface epithelial cells.

Ovarian surface epithelial cells have been implicated in the genesis of common ovarian cancers. The integrity of DNA of ovarian surface epithelial cells contiguous with the ovulatory stigma becomes compromised during the rupture process; most cells degenerate by apoptosis, however some, bearing sublethal lesions, persist along the margins of ovulated follicles. Clonal expansion of a genetically-damaged surface epithelial cell (i.e. with unrepaired DNA, but not committed to death) can presumably give rise to ovarian carcinoma. It was hypothesized that estradiol and progesterone regulate ovarian surface epithelial cell-cycle dynamics associated with folliculo-luteal transitions and ovulatory wound repair/remodeling. Progesterone up-regulated the tumor suppressor p53 and inhibited baseline and estradiol-stimulated proliferation of cultured sheep ovarian surface epithelial cells. Anti/mitotic responses to steroid hormones were transcriptionally- and receptor-dependent. Rates of apoptosis (DNA fragmentation) were unaffected by progesterone. High concentrations of estradiol, via a nongenomic (perhaps antioxidant) mechanism, suppressed basal and H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis. We suggest that, progesterone serves to inhibit proliferation of ovarian surface epithelial cells throughout the luteal phase--providing the time (growth arrest) required to correct any metabolic disturbances to DNA that are perpetrated as an inevitable by-product of the ovulatory process. With luteolysis and dominance of an estrogenic preovulatory follicle the ovarian surface epithelium is then regenerated. Thus, it is conceivable that perturbations to the steroid hormonal milieu of ovarian cycles could be a predisposing factor for cancerous transformation of an ovarian surface epithelial cell.
Changes in ranging and agonistic behavior of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) after predator‐induced group fusion

Published by and copyright of Wiley Interscience. The definitive version of this publication is available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajp.20821/abstract
The relation between sunspot effects and multiplicity in incomplete markets models with numeraire assets

Abstract This paper considers the necessity and sufficiency of multiple certainty equilibria for sunspot effects, and shows that neither implication is valid. This claim is made for models with incomplete markets and numeraire assets. First, I prove that a multiplicity of certainty equilibria is neither necessary nor sufficient for sunspot effects by way of two counter-examples. Second, I verify over an entire subset of economies that equilibrium with sunspot effects can never be characterized as a randomization over multiple certainty equilibria.
Competitive Regulation of Calcium and Zinc Ions in Cardiomyocyte Contraction-Relaxation Function

Zinc (Zn2+) and calcium (Ca2+) ions are divalent cations having common chemical properties leading to their competing for the same regulatory channels and pumps in the intact cardiomyocyte. Diastolic dysfunction may be due in part to elevated diastolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]). We hypothesized that Zn2+ reduces systolic and enhances diastolic function due to its effects on Ca2+ regulation. We examined the effects of 32µM extracellular zinc ([Zn2+]ext) exposure and intracellular zinc ([Zn2+]int) accumulation on rat cardiomyocyte function. We measured sarcomere dynamics, [Ca2+]int by Fura-2FF and [Zn2+]int by FluoZin-3 under three [Zn2+] conditions: no [Zn2+]ext and low [Zn2+]int; 32µM [Zn2+]ext and low [Zn2+]int; 32µM [Zn2+]ext and high [Zn2+]int. Cardiomyocytes were paced at 2Hz, exposed to 2mM [Ca2+]ext at 37°C. After reaching [Zn2+]int steady-state, 10mM caffeine was rapidly applied to measure sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ content and Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NaCaX) efflux rate. Sarcomere shortening velocity and peak shortening were significantly (P<0.05) reduced with [Zn2+]ext exposure in either low or high [Zn2+]int conditions. Interestingly, peak shortening was significantly enhanced with high [Zn2+]int compared to low [Zn2+]int. Diastolic sarcomere length was significantly increased with high [Zn2+]int. Peak [Ca2+]int was significantly reduced under 32μM [Zn2+]ext with high [Zn2+]int, which was consistent with lower SR Ca2+ content detected by caffeine experiment. SR Ca2+ uptake rate by SERCA and NaCaX efflux rate were not affected by [Zn2+]int. All the above changes due to Zn2+ were not observed in control cardiomyocytes without [Zn2+]ext exposure. These findings suggest that Zn2+ competes with Ca2+ for calcium channels (L-type and SR release channels) and thereby reduces contractile function without affecting SERCA or NaCaX. Interestingly, high [Zn2+]int causes a slightly increased contractile function despite the reduction in peak [Ca2+]int, suggesting that [Zn2+]int enhances myofilament contraction by mechanisms yet to be explained.
Audience effects in affective imagery: Replication and extension to dysphoric imagery

Subjects imagined situations during which they reported feeling happiness, sadness, anger, or fear, at both low and high levels of imagined sociality. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from four facial sites overlying the left forehead, brow, cheek, and lip. Controlling for reported emotion, facial EMG activity was influenced by the sociality of the imagery. Results corroborate previous findings of imaginary audience effects on smiling, and extend these effects to imagined situations that elicit dysphoria.
Warm-Up and Stretching in the Prevention of Muscular Injury

Muscular injury is one of the major problems facing today's athletes, both recreational and professional. Injuries to skeletal muscle represent >30% of the injuries seen in sports medicine clinics. As a result, it is imperative to utilise the most effective means to aid in deterring these injuries. However, there are conflicting opinions regarding methods of reducing muscular injury through warm-up and stretching techniques.Therefore, the purpose of this article is to examine the potential of a warm-up and/or stretching routine in deterring muscular injury during physical activity. The article examines a variety of studies regarding warm-up, stretching and muscular injury. The article also provides a definition of warm-up and stretching to provide clarity on this topic. Many of the differences within previous research were due to conflicting definitions. We also address this issue by examining research on muscular injury and physical adaptations to muscular injury and training. This article provides contradictory evidence to conclusions that have been drawn in previous review articles, which determined that warm-up and/or stretching protocols did not deter injury. The research included here conveys that certain techniques and protocols have shown a positive outcome on deterring injuries. As a result, a warm-up and stretching protocol should be implemented prior to physical activity. The routine should allow the stretching protocol to occur within the 15 minutes immediately prior to the activity in order to receive the most benefit. In addition, current information regarding improvements in flexibility is reviewed.
Brace: an assertion framework for debugging cyber-physical systems

Developing cyber-physical systems (CPS) is challenging because correctness depends on both logical and physical states, which are collectively difficult to observe. The developer often need to repeatedly rerun the system while observing its behavior and tweak the hardware and software until it meets minimum requirements. This process is tedious, error-prone, and lacks rigor. To address this, we propose BRACE, a framework that simplifies the process by enabling developers to correlate cyber (i.e., logical) and physical properties of the system via assertions. This paper presents our initial investigation into the requirements and semantics of such assertions, which we call CPS assertions. We discusses our experience implementing and using the framework with a mobile robot, and highlight key future research challenges.
Objective Analysis of Achievement-Aptitude Discrepancies in LD Classification

A critical review of the literature dealing with quantification of aptitude-achievement differences revealed that methods developed to date are fraught with numerous and grave inadequacies. Based upon this evaluation of past methods, this article outlines and discusses criteria of new and more adequate procedures. Finally, step-by-step procedures that can be routinely followed are presented.
Tierra, amor y dolor en “Trilce”: una aproximación afectiva

Scholars have often highlighted the inscrutability and self-referentiality of Trilce’s most inaccessible lines. Making use of recent reviews on the Theory of Affects, I will none theless try to prove that the trilcean Vallejo apprehends his immediate environment in a way that prioritizes the sensory and the affective experience over the intellectual; a hypothesis that would restore a key role in the book for the often underestimated physi cal dimension of experience.
Field Dependence-Independence and Physical Activity of Black and White Adolescents

Self-administered Physical Activity Checklist and portable rod-and-frame test were administered to 47 black and 66 white adolescents in a middle school. One-way multivariate analysis of variance indicated that, relative to the group of white adolescents, the black adolescent group scored significantly more field-dependent and reported significantly fewer minutes of physical activity participation, although no significant difference was noticed on three other physical activity variables. This group of black adolescents' relatively field-dependent scores were weakly associated with fewer mean total minutes of physical activity.