cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Magnetic-field-dependent Raman scattering in EuSe

A new type of symmetry-forbidden resonant Raman scattering has been observed in the magnetic semiconductor EuSe at low temperatures and in an applied magnetic field. The most striking difference between this phenomenon and previously observed resonant Raman scattering is the observed dependence of the scattering intensity in EuSe on the magnitude and direction of the applied magnetic field. The intensity of the symmetry-forbidden scattering is observed to increase monotonically with increasing magnetic field strength for fields as high as 100 kG, increasing most rapidly in the low-field regime below the saturation magnetization. The scattering intensity is found to depend on the angle between the polarization of the incident light and the magnetic field, with the maximum scattering intensity observed when the incident beam is polarized normal to the applied magnetic field. This symmetry-forbidden scattering is observed only for temperatures below the magnetic critical temperature, $Tl{T}_{C}$. The observed scattering in EuSe exhibits a resonant-type behavior similar to that observed in symmetry-forbidden resonant Raman scattering in nonmagnetic materials in terms of (1) a strong dependence of the scattering intensity on the laser excitation energy, (2) the peak intensity occurring at the zone-center LO-phonon frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{LO}}$, (3) observation of harmonic structure at multiples of ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{LO}}$, (4) relatively large scattering intensity and narrow linewidth, and (5) occurrence only in the diagonal scattering geometry where the incident and scattered light are similarly polarized. To interpret the results of this new type of symmetry-forbidden resonant Raman scattering, we have considered various models for resonant Raman scattering in which the effects of an external magnetic field on the electronic structure of EuSe are treated explicitly. We have found all existing models to be inadequate for the explanation of the experimental data.
Identification of the Archaeoglobus fulgidus endonuclease III DNA interaction surface using heteronuclear NMR methods

Abstract Background: Endonuclease III is the prototype for a family of DNA-repair enzymes that recognize and remove damaged and mismatched bases from DNA via cleavage of the N -glycosidic bond. Crystal structures for endonuclease III, which removes damaged pyrimidines, and MutY, which removes mismatched adenines, show a highly conserved structure. Although there are several models for DNA binding by this family of enzymes, no experimental structures with bound DNA exist for any member of the family. Results: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy chemical-shift perturbation of backbone nuclei ( 1 H, 15 N, 13 CO) has been used to map the DNA-binding site on Archaeoglobus fulgidus endonuclease III. The experimentally determined interaction surface includes five structural elements: the helix-hairpin-helix (HhH) motif, the iron–sulfur cluster loop (FCL) motif, the pseudo helix-hairpin-helix motif, the helix B–helix C loop, and helix H. The elements form a continuous surface that spans the active site of the enzyme. Conclusions: The enzyme–DNA interaction surface for endonuclease III contains five elements of the protein structure and suggests that DNA damage recognition may require several specific interactions between the enzyme and the DNA substrate. Because the target DNA used in this study contained a generic apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site, the binding interactions we observed for A. fulgidus endonuclease III should apply to all members of the endonuclease III family and several interactions could apply to the endonuclease III/AlkA (3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase) superfamily.
Flexural-torsional buckling of pultruded fiber reinforced plastic composite I-beams: experimental and analytical evaluations

Abstract In this paper a comprehensive experimental and analytical approach is presented to study flexural-torsional buckling behavior of full-size pultruded fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) I-beams. Two full-size FRP I-beams with distinct material architectures are tested under midspan-concentrated loads to evaluate their flexural-torsional buckling responses. To monitor rotations of the cross-section and the onset of critical buckling loads, transverse bars are attached to the beam crosssection and are subsequently connected to LVDTs; strain gages bonded at the edges of the top flange are also used. The analysis is based on energy principles, and the total potential energy equations for the instability of FRP I-beams are derived using nonlinear elastic theory. The equilibrium equation in terms of the total potential energy is solved by the Rayleigh-Ritz method, and simplified engineering equations for predicting the critical flexural-torsional buckling loads are formulated. A good agreement is obtained between the experimental results, proposed analytical solutions and finite-element analyses. Through the combined experimental and analytical evaluations reported in this study, it is shown that the testing setup used can be efficiently implemented in the characterization of flexural-torsional buckling of FRP shapes and the proposed analytical design equations can be adopted to predict flexural-torsional buckling loads.
Controlled release of oxytetracycline in sheep

A novel biodegradable injectable formulation of oxytetracycline (OTC) was administered subcutaneously to sheep at a dose of 40 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein at predetermined time intervals. The concentration of OTC in plasma was analyzed by an HPLC method. The concentrations of OTC in plasma were maintained at or above 0.5 μg/ml (minimum inhibitory concentration) for approximately 6 days. The pharmacokinetic parameters of OTC in sheep were also determined by monitoring the plasma concentration of OTC after a single intravenous injection of a commercially available OTC formulation at 10 mg/kg body weight. The in vivo release profiles of OTC from the biodegradable injectable formulations in sheep were determined from the plasma concentration time profiles by the deconvolution method using PCDCON software. The in vitro release of OTC from the biodegradable injectable formulation was tested in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), containing 0.686% w/v of sodium sulfite as antioxidant. The correlation between the in vitro and in vivo release of OTC from the injectable formulation was also evaluated. The results of the in vivo evaluation of the formulation in sheep indicated that a controlled release biodegradable injectable dosage form of OTC for food animals is feasible.
Spatial distribution of the adaptation field of the surround response mechanism in type X cat retinal ganglion cells

The surround response mechanism in on-center X-cells in cat retina was found to be bimodally distributed and weak or nonexistent in the receptive field middle. An on-inhibition measure was used to assess surround mechanism gain.
Induction of H-2-restricted cytotoxic T cells: in vivo induction has the appearance of being unrestricted

Abstract The effector function of cytotoxic T cells specific for minor histocompatibility antigens in mice is restricted by the H-2 gene complex. We report here, however, that the in vivo induction of such cytotoxic cells may not be similarly restricted. F 1 (BALB/c × BALB.B) mice were immunized in vivo with cells from B10(H-2 b ) or B10.D2(H-2 d ), and the specificity of their cytotoxic T cells was assayed in vitro in short-term 51 Cr-release assays. These mice, primed and boosted in vivo with B10.D2 cells, generate a population of effector cells capable of lysing both B10 and B10.D2 targets, but not B10.BR(H-2 k ). Cold-target competition analysis established that this population consists of two sets of effector cells with different nonoverlapping specificities: one directed against B10 and the other against B10.D2. Therefore, it seems that the B10.D2 immunogen can elicit cytotoxic effectors in vivo directed against the B10 minor H antigens in association with either parental H-2 type (H-2 b or H-2 d ), but not against a third type (H-2 k ), and that these effectors are nevertheless H-2 restricted in their function.
Pre-harvest Methyl Jasmonate Treatment Enhances Cauliflower Chemoprotective Attributes Without a Loss in Postharvest Quality

Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment can significantly increase glucosinolate (GS) concentrations in Brassica vegetables and potentially enhance anticancer bioactivity. Although MeJA treatment may promote ethylene biosynthesis, which can be detrimental to postharvest quality, there are no previous reports of its effect on cauliflower postharvest quality. To address this, cauliflower curds in field plots were sprayed with either 0.1 % Triton X-100 (control) or 500 μM MeJA solutions four days prior to harvest, then stored at 4 °C. Tissue subsamples were collected after 0, 10, 20, and 30 days of postharvest storage and assayed for visual color change, ethylene production, GS concentrations, and extract quinone reductase inductive activity. MeJA treatment increased curd GS concentrations of glucoraphanin, glucobrassicin, and neoglucobrassicin by 1.5, 2.4, and 4.6-fold over controls, respectively. MeJA treated cauliflower showed significantly higher quinone reductase activity, a biomarker for anticancer bioactivity, without reducing visual color and postharvest quality for 10 days at 4 °C storage.
One-step synthesis of a Pt–Co–SWCNT hybrid material from a Pt–Co–MCM-41 catalyst

In this paper, we present a direct one-step synthesis of Pt–Co–SWCNT from the catalytic CO disproportionation over Pt–Co–MCM-41 catalysts with different Pt loadings. The SWCNT produced by Pt–Co–MCM-41 shows higher yield than the SWCNT produced by Co–MCM-41 under the same reaction conditions, and also SWCNTs with diameter larger than 2 nm have been identified in the products. X-ray absorption and temperature programmed reduction studies indicate that Pt exists as metallic nanoparticles in the Pt–Co–MCM-41 catalysts, while Co is atomically dispersed and tetrahedrally coordinated in the MCM-41 framework as a Co2+ cation. Detailed structural study also suggested that in the Pt–Co–SWCNT hybrids produced by this method, the Pt–Co bimetallic nanoparticles consist of a Pt core and Co shell with no detectable alloy phase. This study provides a method for the direct synthesis of a Pt–M–CNT catalyst, where M is a non-precious metal.
Thick Concepts, Non-Cognitivism, and Wittgenstein’s Rule-Following Considerations

AbstractNon-cognitivists claim that thick concepts can be disentangled into distinct descriptive and evaluative components and that since thick concepts have descriptive shape they can be mastered independently of evaluation. In Non-Cognitivism and Rule-Following, John McDowell uses Wittgenstein’s rule-following considerations to show that such a non-cognitivist view is untenable. In this paper I do several things. I describe the non-cognitivist position in its various forms and explain its driving motivations. I then explain McDowell’s argument against non-cognitivism and the Wittgensteinian considerations upon which it relies, because this has been sufficiently misunderstood by critics and rarely articulated by commentators. After clarifying McDowell’s argument against non-cognitivism, I extend the analysis to show that commentators of McDowell have failed to appreciate his argument and that critical responses have been weak. I argue against three challenges posed to McDowell, and show that the case of ...
Self-Consistent Energy Bands and Cohesive Energy of Potassium Chloride

The valence and conduction bands of potassium chloride were determined by the augmented-plane-wave method from a potential of a more general functional form than that usually assumed in this method. With a few iterations of the band calculation within the Hartree-Fock-Slater (HFS) approximation, a good degree of self-consistency was obtained. The calculation of the cohesive energy of the crystal from the energy-band results was simplified considerably by using Slater's approximation to the exchange potential in the exchange-energy terms, and the resulting cohesive energy is in excellent agreement with experiment. The self-consistent HFS values of the $\mathrm{Cl} 3p$ bandwidth and the band gap were found to be 0.82 eV and 6.3 eV, respectively.
Claisen Rearrangements: Insight into Solvent Effects and “on Water” Reactivity from QM/MM Simulations

An "on water" environment, defined by the absence of water solubility of the reactants, has been reported to provide increased rate accelerations, yields, and specificity for several types of organic reaction classes compared to organic solvents. The aromatic Claisen rearrangements of allyl p-R-phenyl ethers (R = CH(3), Br, and OCH(3)) and allyl naphthyl ether have been investigated to determine the origin of the on water effect using QM/MM Monte Carlo calculations and free-energy perturbation theory. The simulations indicate that on water rate enhancements for the rearrangements are derived from the ability of the interfacial waters to stabilize the polar transition state via enhanced hydrogen bonding at the oil/water interface. The position and orientation of the aromatic ethers at the interface are crucial factors affecting solvent accessibility during the reaction pathway; computed solute-solvent energy pair distributions and radial distribution functions showed that hydrophobic substituents on the solute provided a more polar solvent environment than hydrophilic substituents by tilting the reacting oxygen toward the water surface. Calculations in 16 different solvents accurately reproduced the experimental trend of increased rates correlated to increasing solvent polarity. Hydrophobic effects did not provide a substantial contribution to the lowering of the free energy activation barrier (<0.5 kcal/mol), and solvent polarizability via a polarizable force field was also found to be negligible in the observed rate accelerations. New insight into solvent effects for the Claisen rearrangement is presented herein, and a QM/MM approach for computing reactions on a liquid surface is highlighted.
Characterization of changes in viscosity and insoluble solids content during enzymatic saccharification of pretreated corn stover slurries

Viscosity trends in pretreated corn stover slurries undergoing enzymatic saccharification were characterized for a range of initial insoluble solids concentrations from 10% to 25% and correlated with total glucose released and changes in insoluble solids concentration throughout a 7 day period. Viscosity trends are defined in two phases, which coincide with two rate zones observed in the release of sugar during enzymatic hydrolysis. Viscosity rapidly decreased as initial solids concentration decreased in the first phase, and appears to reach a steady value for the lower solids concentrations in the second phase. The first phase is defined as approximately the first 8 h of the reaction based on the rates of glucose release, viscosity changes, and insoluble solids changes. A method for premixing the slurry samples in the viscometer cup prior to viscosity measurements is introduced. The method takes into consideration the need to maintain a uniform solids suspension while ensuring steady-state flow inside the viscometer cup. The slurries exhibit pseudoplastic behavior and are well described by the power law model for non-Newtonian fluids throughout the course of the reaction. Small changes in percent solids concentration lead to order of magnitude differences in viscosity.
Lack of antinociceptive cross-tolerance between intracerebroventricularly administered β-endorphin and morphine or DPDPE in mice

Antinociceptive tolerance and cross-tolerance to intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) beta-endorphin, morphine, and DPDPE (D-Pen2-D-Pen5-enkephalin) induced by a prior i.c.v. administration of beta-endorphin, morphine and DPDPE, respectively, were studied in mice. Acute tolerance was induced by i.c.v. pretreatment with beta-endorphin (0.58 nmol), morphine (6 nmol) and DPDPE (31 nmol) for 120, 180 and 75 min, respectively. Various doses of beta-endorphin, morphine or DPDPE were then injected. The tail-flick and hot-plate tests were used as antinociceptive tests. Pretreatment of mice with beta-endorphin i.c.v. reduced inhibition of the tail-flick and hot-plate responses to i.c.v. administered beta-endorphin, but not morphine and DPDPE. Pretreatment of mice with morphine i.c.v. reduced inhibition of the tail-flick and hot-plate responses to morphine but not beta-endorphin. Pretreatment of mice with DPDPE reduced inhibition of the tail-flick and hot-plate responses to DPDPE but not beta-endorphin. The results indicate that one injection of beta-endorphin, morphine or DPDPE induces acute antinociceptive tolerance to its own distinctive opioid receptor and does not induce cross-tolerance to other opioid agonists with different opioid receptor specificities. The data support the hypothesis that beta-endorphin, morphine and DPDPE produce antinociception by stimulating specific epsilon, mu- and delta-opioid receptors, respectively.
An automated data acquisition and analysis system for a cardiac catheterization laboratory

Abstract A photokymographic and analog magnetic tape recording system was modified to facilitate automatic data acquisition during cardiac catheterization for subsequent automatic analysis by a digital computer. Independence from computer failure and economical use of computer servces were thus achieved. Information gathering was automated by replacing manually operated with electrically driven valves, and by using an electromechanical programming switch to provide strict temporal formatting. Hardware and programming features for automatic analysis are described in detail.
The Moderating Role of Locus of Causality in the Relationship Between Source of Information and Psychological Contract Breach Perceptions

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of information-seeking behaviors on the relationship between personality and psychological contract (PC) breach.
Reading Ability and Efficiency of Graphemic-Phonemic Encoding

Summary It was hypothesized that children with a specific reading disability differ from children of normal reading ability because the former are impaired in extracting speech-like representations from graphemes. Three groups of 12 each of grade school boys and girls participated in timed word comparison tasks which required a “same-different” response. One group was specifically reading deficient, the other groups were matched either on age or on reading level to a deficient group. Monosyllabic word pairs were presented simultaneously by a slide projector. The deficient readers were slower than the two control groups only in a vowel phoneme comparison task and produced response times similar to the control groups for graphemic and visual symbol comparisons. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the problem in learning to read is due to multiple relationships between spelling (graphemes) and sound (phonemes).
Building an urban future: Race and planning in London

Abstract Today in the UK the issue of urban regeneration is high on the political agenda, and with the Conservative Government (in its third term under Mrs Thatcher) concentrating attention on the massive problems of ailing inner cities, the racial dimension of planning and public policy has again come to the fore. Though inner city decline and minority disadvantage are all too common in UK cities, nowhere are the pitfalls and prospects for the urban future and racial relations more apparent than in London, capital of the UK and seat of the British Commonwealth of Nations.
Flow induced instability of the interface between a fluid and a gel at low Reynolds number

The stability of the interface between a gel of thickness HR and a Newtonian fluid of thickness R subjected to a linear shear flow is studied in the limit where inertial effects are negligible. The shear stress for the gel contains an elastic part that depends on the local displacement field and a viscous component that depends on the velocity field. The shear flow at the surface tends to destabilize the surface fluctuations, and the critical strain rate γc, which is the minimum strain rate required for unstable fluctuations, is determined as a function of the dimensionless quantities H, ηr = (ηg/ηf), and T = (Γ/ER). Here ηg and ηf are the gel and fluid viscosities, E is the gel elasticity, Γ is the surface tension of the gel — fluid interface and the strain rate γ is scaled by (E/ηf). In the limit H ↦∞, we find that γc decreases proportional to H-1 independent of ηr and T. But at finite H, γc is strongly dependent on ηr and T. For ηr ≥1, the interface is stable for all values of the strain rate for $H \sqrt{\eta_{\rm r}}$. For ηr = 1 and H ↦1, we find that γc ∝(H - 1)1/2 for T=0 and γc ∝(H - 1)3/4T1/4 for T ≠0. For ηr > 1, the analysis indicates that $\gamma_{\rm c} \propto(H-\sqrt{\eta_{\rm r}})^{-1}$ independent of T for $H \to \sqrt{\eta_{\rm r}}$. For ηr < 1, the onset of instability depends strongly on the parameter T. For T = 0, the critical strain rate is finite in the limit H ↦0, while for T ≠0 the critical strain rate diverges at a finite value of H. This minimum H decreases proportional to ηr for large T. The instability is caused by the energy transfer from the mean flow to the fluctuations due to the work done by the mean flow at the interface.
The Good News About Giving Bad News to Patients

BACKGROUND: There are few data available on how physicians inform patients about bad news. We surveyed internists about how they convey this information. METHODS: We surveyed internists about their activities in giving bad news to patients. One set of questions was about activities for the emotional support of the patient (11 items), and the other was about activities for creating a supportive environment for delivering bad news (9 items). The impact of demographic factors on the performance of emotionally supportive items, environmentally supportive items, and on the number of minutes reportedly spent delivering news was analyzed by analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: More than half of the internists reported that they always or frequently performed 10 of the 11 emotionally supportive items and 6 of the 9 environmentally supportive items while giving bad news to patients. The average time reportedly spent in giving bad news was 27 minutes. Although training in giving bad news had a significant impact on the number of emotionally supportive items reported (P < .05), only 25% of respondents had any previous training in this area. Being older, a woman, unmarried, and having a history of major illness were also associated with reporting a greater number of emotionally supportive activities. CONCLUSIONS: Internists report that they inform patients of bad news appropriately. Some deficiencies exist, specifically in discussing prognosis and referral of patients to support groups. Physician educational efforts should include discussion of prognosis with patients as well as the availability of support groups.
A conceptual framework to evaluate the outcomes and impacts of water safety plans

A Water Safety Plan (WSP) is a preventive, risk management approach to ensure drinking water safety. The World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines place WSPs within a larger 'framework for safe drinking-water' that links WSPs to health, creating an implicit expectation that implementation of WSPs will safeguard health in areas with acceptable drinking water quality. However, many intervening factors can come between implementation of an individual WSP and ultimate health outcomes. Evaluating the impacts of a WSP, therefore, requires a much broader analysis than simply looking at health improvements. Until recently, little guidance for the monitoring and evaluation of WSPs existed. Drawing examples from existing WSPs in various regions, this paper outlines a conceptual framework for conducting an overall evaluation of the various outcomes and impacts of a WSP. This framework can provide a common basis for implementers to objectively monitor and evaluate the range of outcomes and impacts from WSPs, as well as a common understanding of the time frames within which those results may occur. As implementers understand the various outcomes and impacts of WSPs beyond health, a strong evidence base for the effectiveness of WSPs will develop, further enabling the scaling up of WSP implementation and provision of better quality water.
Concurrent consideration of evacuation safety and productivity in manufacturing facility planning using multi-paradigm simulations

Manufacturing facilities are expected to maintain a high level of production and at the same time, employ strict safety standards to ensure the safe evacuation of the people in the event of emergencies (fire is considered in this paper). These two goals are often conflicting. This paper presents a methodology to evaluate evacuation safety versus productivity concurrently for various, widely known manufacturing layouts. While the safety performance indicators such as evacuation times are inferred from the crowd (agent based) simulation, the productivity performance indicators (e.g. throughput) are analyzed using the discrete event simulation. To this end, this research focuses on creating innovative techniques for developing accurate crowd simulations, where Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) agent framework is employed to build each person's individual actions and the interactions between them. The data model and rule based action algorithms for each agent are reverse-engineered from the human-in-the-loop experiments in the immersive virtual reality environments. Finally, experiments are conducted using the constructed simulations to compare safety and productivity for different layouts. To demonstrate the proposed methodology, an automotive power-train (engine and transmission) manufacturing plant was used. Initial results look quite promising.
Sediment reservoirs at mountain stream confluences: Dynamics and effects of tributaries dominated by debris-flow and fluvial processes

Radiocarbon age estimates (N = 68) from bank, terrace riser, and in-channel materials sampled from random locations near two channel confluences, a debris-flow–dominated tributary to Cedar Creek, and a fluvially dominated tributary to Golden Ridge Creek in the Oregon Coast Range, are proxies for sediment transit times through tributary and mainstem sediment reservoirs separated from one another by incised bedrock risers. Geomorphic, volumetric, stratigraphic, and sedimentologic data aided reservoir characterizations. Inferred transit-time distributions for tributary deposits are right-skewed and heavy-tailed, indicating preferential evacuation of younger deposits. The debris-flow fan is much larger than fluvial terraces on the other tributary, but mean transit times (±σ) in both reservoirs are similar: 1370 ± 2240 yr and 1660 ± 2130 yr for fan and terrace deposits, respectively. Whereas tributary deposits are much larger than mainstem deposits at both sites, mainstem deposits adjacent to the fan have a relatively short mean transit time of 442 ± 491 yr, but mean transit time in mainstem deposits adjacent to the fluvial terrace is much greater: 3870 ± 6720 yr. Reservoir flux estimates indicate that most (>60%) of the debris-flow fan tributary9s sediment yield enters fan storage, but only a small part (3%) of the fluvial tributary9s yield enters storage at the confluence. Debris flows from the debris-flow fan tributary apparently promote both greater storage of mainstem sediments and more rapid unbiased evacuation of mainstem deposits, whereas old mainstem deposits adjacent to the fluvial tributary have a much greater probability of preservation.
Liver ultrastructure of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Light and transmission electron microscopy of the liver of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) reveals a tubular arrangement of parenchymal cells, with biliary passages typically located at the center of tubules. Hepatocytes generally contain a single nucleus surrounded by a cuff of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), with many round to elongate mitochondria associated with the perinuclear RER. Whereas glycogen deposits are common and usually lie at the cell periphery, parenchymal cells seldom contain lipid droplets. Golgi complexes and heterogeneous dense bodies also occur in many hepatocytes, often in close proximity to bile canaliculi. Numerous microvilli from hepatocytes extend into the subendothelial space of Disse, which is also the location of stellate fat-storing cells. Interhepatocytic macrophages, sometimes containing prominent phagolysosomes and residual bodies, are common in the liver. The intrahepatic biliary system consists of intercellular canaliculi, bile pre-ductules, ductules, and ducts. In contrast to some other teleosts, the liver of the Atlantic salmon contains no intracellular bile canaliculi or Kupffer cells. The hepatic endothelium, arterioles, and perivenous regions are also described.
Quality assurance for polychromatic flow cytometry using a suite of calibration beads

The quality assurance program presented here provides a means to maximize and maintain the performance of individual flow cytometers in a facility. To optimize performance, we recommend performing all three steps (optimization, calibration and standardization) in this program when a new flow cytometer is installed or whenever the flow cytometer's optical path is altered (e.g., lasers, filters or detectors are replaced). The complete process requires 3-4 h. On a more frequent basis, only a subset of these procedures need to be performed as a part of daily maintenance routines. The data generated can be tracked to monitor the instrument and determine whether service is needed. In addition, the data can provide a metric for whether repairs and upgrades have improved or harmed performance, and for future instrument-to-instrument comparisons. In sum, the procedures presented here represent an updated framework for optimizing, calibrating and standardizing a flow cytometer for daily use.
NICKEL ALUM1NIDES - NEW ADVANCED ALLOYS

ABSTRACT New advanced alloys based on Ni Al intermetallic compounds have been introduced. This paper deals with the potential applications for the new alloys, the status of their processing technology, property data, and the commercial sources for the material. The processing technology includes conventional techniques, innovative near-net-shape techniques, and powder metallurgy and superplastic forming. Tensile and creep properties, as influenced by processing techniques, microstructure, and cold work, are presented.
Pulmonary alveolar macrophage: demonstration of Na+ - K+, Mg++ ATPase activity.

Abstract Pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) were isolated from the lungs of rabbits and sheep. The intact cells manifested an ATPase activity which was dependent upon the presence of Mg ++ and was further stimulated upon addition of Na + and K + . Cardiac glycosides strongly inhibited the system. The activity was somewhat sensitive to azide, Ca ++ and Cd ++ but insensitive to dinitrophenol and oligomycin. It is possible that environmental agents may influence this PAM Na + - K + , Mg ++ ATPase.
360-deg-viewable flat hologram

Although many experiments and documents on 360 degree(s) viewable holograms have been successfully produced and documented prior to this paper, those most noteworthy and applicable to our work include U.S.S.R. patent SU1103194 issued in 1984 and patent 4,988,154 issued to Matthew Hansen in 1991. This paper discusses the development and implementation of 360 degree(s) viewable holograms on flat disk film based on the original concept proposed by Craig Newswanger of CFC Applied Holographics. Conventionally, 360 degree(s) holograms were viewable in cylindrical format. Our project involves a simple optical set-up and method, and it uses flat film, without altering its shape cylindrically.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Cross-Signaling between the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2 and the Serotonin 2A Receptor in HEK-293 Cells

Atypical antipsychotic drugs targeting the 5-HT2A receptor (2AR) are widely used in the treatment of schizophrenia and psychosis. Recent studies point to a new class of potential antipsychotic drugs targeting the metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2). We recently reported that a heteromeric complex formed between these two receptors integrates the actions of serotonergic and glutamatergic drugs, modulating the balance between Gi and Gq signaling in a way that can predict the psychoactive properties of these drugs (Fribourg et al. 2011, Cell. 147(5):1011-23). The biological relevance of the mGluR2/2AR crosstalk was challenged by a more recent study in which co-expression of the two receptors in HEK-293 cells had no significant effect on either Gi or Gq signaling in response to several serotonergic and glutamatergic drugs (Delille et al., 2012, Neuropharmacology 62(7):2184-91). To address this controversy, we generated several clones of HEK-293 cells expressing different levels of the two receptors in the background of the G protein inwardly rectifying GIRK1/GIRK4 channel, which can serve as a reporter for both Gi and Gq signaling. Using the ratiometric calcium indicator Fura-2 for quantification of Gq signaling we identified clones showing various degrees of functional crosstalk between the two receptors (crosstalk positive clones) and clones that were crosstalk negative. Functional crosstalk correlated with the expression levels of the two receptors, as measured by real time RT-PCR and flow-cytometry. GIRK channel activity, measured by electrophysiology, confirmed cross-signaling from both Gi and Gq sides in a crosstalk positive clone, but not a crosstalk negative one. In the later, a combination of ligands targeting both receptors was necessary in order to elicit functional crosstalk. We are currently testing positive allosteric modulators of the mGluR2 for their ability to suppress Gq signaling through 2AR.
Molybdenum and tungsten complexes with metallo-ligands having sulfur donor atoms

Abstract The reaction of Mo(CO)6 with 2,3-pentanedione- bis(β-mercaptoethylimino)nickel(II), Nipe, under mild conditions, results in the formation of NipeMo(CO)4, while more forcing conditions give a different product, [NipeMo(CO)3]2. From an analogous reaction, a tungsten compound of the latter formula was also isolated. The chromium analogue was prepared in a similar manner but lacked the purity necessary to give good analyses. The molybdenum and tungsten complexes were characterized by chemical analyses and solution molecular weight. The magnetic moments of these complexes are anomalous, 2.3–2.4 BM, and suggest that the coordination number of the nickel is greater than four. Electronic spectra support this hypothesis. Cyclic voltammetry data indicate that the M(CO)3 moiety withdraws electron density from the nickel ion in the metallo-ligand. Reactions of Mo(CO)6 and W(CO)6 with bis(2-mercaptoethylamine)nickel(II) (Ni(MEA)2) gave the complexes Ni(MEA)2M2(CO)10 (M = Mo, W) which were characterized by analyses and infrared and electronic spectra.
Haitian Americans: a research guide

Purpose – This paper aims to provide a research guide with recent resources in a variety of formats covering issues related to Haitian Americans and Haitian migration to the USA.Design/methodology/approach – Local and union online catalogs, electronic indexes, bibliographies, and the worldwide web were searched to identify relevant items. Items were annotated after personal examination of the material, or after consultation of published reviews and abstracts.Findings – The literature covering this population group is dominated by research from scholars addressing social identity, health issues, religious practices, and the socio‐economic and political determinants of migration.Originality/value – No previous print bibliography has been limited in scope to Haitians in the USA. The few bibliographies that do address this population group are dated and do not reference recent literature. Furthermore, none of the previously published bibliographies consulted by the compiler include references to audio‐visual ...
Women managers to women employees: helping hands or competitive jerks?

Purpose – The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a difference between same vs opposite sex pairings in the mentor‐protege relationship when it comes to salary and levels within the organization.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 612 manager/non‐manager dyads with all non‐managers being female. The organization was located in the Northwest section of the United States and was a large Fortune 500 manufacturing firm. All levels of the organization were utilized from entry level positions to vice presidents to measure how women fared under female vs male mentors.Findings – Women with female mentor supervisors earn less than with male mentor supervisors. The disparity is even greater the younger the protegee. If the trend shown in this research continues, wages may drop for women in high levels of the organization with same‐ sex mentees.Research limitations/implications – One limitation of this research is the operationalization of a manager as a mentor. Supervisors we...
Lazaroids inhibit proliferation of cultured human astrocytoma cells.

Lazaroids (or 21-aminosteroids) are potent lipid peroxidation inhibitors and are more potent antioxidants than steroids which have been shown to suppress tumor proliferation. The effects of two lazaroid compounds (U-75389G and U-83836E) were tested on the proliferation of a human brain astrocytoma cell line U-373 MG. Both lazaroids had dose-dependent growth-inhibitory effects on the proliferation of U-373 MG. For purposes of comparison, two steroids (methylprednisolone and dexamethasone) and a highly potent antioxidant (alpha-tocopherol) were tested under similar experimental conditions and were found to have antiproliferative effects as well, although at higher dose ranges. As cell growth-inhibitors, lazaroids are more effective than alpha-tocopherol while they are advantageous over glucocorticoids for their actions are devoid of the usual glucocorticoid side-effects.
Influence of Chemical Characteristics of Beef Inside and Outside Semimembranosus on Color Traits

The influence of prerigor temperature and pH on muscle chemistry of the inside semimembranosus (ISM) and outside semimembranosus (OSM) in relation to initial color and color uniformity and stability was investigated. Cold-boned ISM had a slower (p < 0.05) chill rate; faster (p < 0.05) pH decline; higher (p < 0.05) transmission values; and less (p < 0.05) metmyoglobin reducing ability, oxygen consumption, water holding capacity and color stability than the OSM. Cold-boned steaks were 2-toned in color and visually unacceptable at d 3 of display. Hot-boned ISM and OSM chilled at the same rate and had similar pH declines, similar chemical characteristics and uniform stable color for 5 d of display. Chilling beef ISM faster should produce uniform stable color.
PDM: a requirements methodology for software system enhancements

Traditional requirements processes often do not address the many problems encountered in the development of software products. Conventional processes begin with the structural definition of the proposed system, under the assumption that the raw requirements are understood. How this understanding is developed is not formally addressed. The IBM software development process requires a methodology to develop the rationale of the requirement, both in terms of its underlying problem and its business justification, prior to the development of the functional specification. Conventional requirements processes address a single software application intended for use by a uniform set of end users. The resulting system is usually a one-time replacement of some existing system. Many IBM software products, however, address requirements received from a large, diverse set of customers who use the products in a wide array of computing environments. Product releases are typically developed as incremental enhancements to an existing base product. This paper describes the Planning and Design Methodology (PDM), a requirements planning process that supports the collection, analysis, documentation, and tracking of software requirements. The process includes requirements collection, definition of the underlying problems, development of an external functional description that addresses the problems, and development of system and product designs from the external functional descriptions. PDM has been applied in three development areas with positive results.
Imaging dynamic cellular events in the lung.

Early in the last century, J.S. Haldane observed, “It is probable indeed that in some way or other the air supply is proportioned to the blood supply, whether by regulation through the muscular coats of the bronchioles or regulation of blood distribution” ([Haldane, 1922][1]). Haldane was
The selection of gastric hypersecretory patients by blind gastroscopic film review.

The distinctive gastroscopic appearance of interrugal mucosa "cobbling" identifies a group of patients with high acid secretion. The degrees of cobbling, as rated in independent review of gastroscopic films by several observers, correlated with H + output. Among 46 patients with significant cobbling, 36 had peptic ulcer disease. Because only 5 of 46 patients had symptoms not explained by other diseases, it is unlikely that cobbling alone is symptomatic.
Constancy of ribosomal RNA genes during aging of mouse heart cells and during serial passage of WI-38 cells

Abstract The DNA content and ribosomal RNA gene copy number in heart tissue of the inbred mouse strain C57BL/6 were determined at different ages. The DNA content of mouse heart remained constant, at about 150 μg DNA per heart, from 1 to 30 mth of age. The number of rRNA genes, as estimated by 28S rRNA·DNA hybridization, was not found to change significantly as a function of age. Likewise, the extent of rRNA hybridization to DNA from cultured human WI-38 cells at early and late passage levels was the same. These data support the notion that genomic rDNA sequences are not lost during in vivo and in vitro aging. However, the rDNA sequences are quite large and numerous small deletions or base pair substitutions would not have been detected in these studies.
Subcutaneous Fungal Infections

Subcutaneous mycoses are common in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. These infections have multiple features in common, including similar epidemiology, mode of transmission, indolent chronic presentation with low potential for dissemination in immunocompetent hosts, and pyogranulomatous lesions on histopathology. Herein, we provide up-to-date epidemiologic, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic data for three important subcutaneous mycoses: chromoblastomycosis, mycetoma, and sporotrichosis.
Implementing persistent data structures using C

Persistent data structures allow efficient access to, and modification of, previous values of the data structure. In this paper, we illustrate a class-based implementation of persistence. Our implementation provides a mechanism to transform a given (non-persistent) class to a persistent form without making any significant modifications to the class. We then demonstrate how our implementation may be used to improve the efficiency of a previously devised procedure for class testing of object-oriented software. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
REEVALUATION OF X-RAY ATOMIC ENERGY LEVELS.

All of the x-ray emission wavelengths have recently been reevaluated and placed on a consistent \AA{}* scale. For most elements these data give a highly overdetermined set of equations for energy level differences, which have been solved by least-squares adjustment for each case. This procedure makes "best" use of all x-ray wavelength data, and also permits calculation of the probable error for each energy difference. Photoelectron measurements of absolute energy levels are more precise than x-ray absorption edge data. These have been used to establish the absolute scale for eighty-one elements and, in many cases, to provide additional energy level difference data. The x-ray absorption wavelengths were used for eight elements and ionization measurements for two; the remaining five were interpolated by a Moseley diagram involving the output values of energy levels from adjacent elements. Probable errors are listed on an absolute energy basis. In the original source of the present data, a table of energy levels in Rydberg units is given. Difference tables in volts, Rydbergs, and milli-\AA{}* wavelength units, with the respective probable errors, are also included there.
Quantitative analysis of the compound muscle action potential in early acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.

Abstract We quantitated the size and configuration of compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) in 266 nerves (66 median, 67 ulnar, 71 tibial and 62 peroneal) of 72 patients with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) initially studied within 19 days of symptom onset. Results were compared with criteria for CMAP abnormalities, including criteria for abnormal negative peak duration and desynchronisation, derived from a control population of 50 median, ulnar, tibial and peroneal nerves. Other motor conduction abnormalities including minimal F response latency were also examined. We also analysed patterns of CMAP abnormality, peak disability and outcome for AIDP patients who had at least 3 motor nerves evaluated at first electrophysiologic study. Amongst AIDP nerves, low amplitude of the distal CMAP, usually with prolonged distal latency, was much more common than an abnormal fall in CMAP amplitude between stimulus sites. Using our CMAP criteria more than half of these low amplitude distal responses showed prolonged negative peak duration or desynchronisation or both, consistent with demyelination. Of the 47 AIDP patients who had 3 or more motor nerves initially studied, 37 (78.7%) had at least 1 motor nerve with a distal CMAP showing evidence of temporal dispersion. In addition, those with at least 75% of motor nerves showing a pattern of low amplitude of the distal CMAP without a further significant fall in amplitude between stimulus sites had greater peak disability and a poorer outcome. Assessment of temporal dispersion of the distal CMAP should be included in electrophysiologic criteria for acute demyelination. In addition, for some patients with AIDP patterns of CMAP amplitude abnormality amongst motor nerves are present early in the illness and may provide prognostic information.
High-fidelity integrated lossless/lossy compression and reconstruction of images

We describe a compression scheme that aims at improving the fidelity of reconstructed images through the parallel application of both lossless and lossy compression techniques. The purpose of the scheme is to obtain compression ratios higher than those obtained by lossless compression schemes and at the same time produce reconstructed images with better fidelity than those normally obtained with lossy techniques. The straightforward (nonoptimized) application of this scheme consistently improves the fidelity of reconstructed images compared to a raw discrete cosine transform (DCT) algorithm. Using standard lossless compression utilities, the integrated scheme gives better fidelity (up to 62% improvement in mean square error) than the raw DCT algorithm under equal compression ratios. Further research is needed to optimize the integrated method, adapt it to the Joint Photographic Experts Group and other equivalent schemes, and evaluate the resulting performance. A discussion of ways that can further improve the efficiency of the integrated approach is given.