cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differences Between Non-Aggressive, Rejected Children and Popular Children During Peer Collaboration

This study examined the communication of non-aggressive, rejected (NAR) children and popular children during peer interaction. The participants were 80 fifth and sixth graders recruited from a larger sociometric sample (40 boys and 40 girls; 20 NAR children and 60 non-aggressive, popular children). Participants were assigned to 40 same-gender dyads: 20 NAR-Popular dyads and 20 Popular-Popular dyads, and each dyad was asked to collaborate on a social reasoning task. Results showed that when placed in a collaborative context with a popular peer, NAR children displayed a distinct pattern of social goals and self-efficacy, self-focused and disruptive patterns of communication, and emotional responses to the collaborative interaction. Differences between boys and girls were found for communication patterns, and a social status and gender interaction was found for emotional experience.
Radio-frequency-spectroscopy measurement of the Landé g J factor of the 5 D 5 / 2 state of Ba + with a single trapped ion

We report an improved measurement of the Land\'e ${g}_{J}$ factor of the $5{D}_{5/2}$ state of singly ionized barium. Measurements were performed on single Doppler-cooled ${}^{138}$Ba${}^{+}$ ions in linear Paul traps using two similar, independent apparatuses. Transitions between Zeeman sublevels of the $6{S}_{1/2}$ and $5{D}_{5/2}$ states were driven with two independent, stabilized radio-frequency synthesizers using a dedicated electrode within each ion trap chamber. State detection within each Zeeman manifold was achieved with a frequency-stabilized fiber laser operating at 1.76 $\ensuremath{\mu}$m. By calculating the ratio of the two Zeeman splittings, and using the measured Land\'e ${g}_{J}$ factor of the $6{S}_{1/2}$ state, we find a value of 1.200 372$({4}_{\mathrm{stat}})({7}_{\mathrm{sys}})$ for ${g}_{{D}_{5/2}}$.
Serotonin contributes to the spinal antinociceptive effects of morphine

Abstract This study was designed to determine if morphine administered intrathecally (IT) interacts with serotonergic or noradrenergic nerve terminals in the spinal cord to produce analgesia on the spinally mediated tail-flick test. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fitted with IT catheters. One week later, animals were spinally pretreated with receptor antagonists selective for opioid, serotonin or α-adrenoceptors, and the ability of these agents to alter spinal morphine-induced antinociception was assessed. Morphine dose-dependently elevated tail-flick latency in a naltrexone-reversible manner. The serotonin receptor antagonists spiroxatrine (5-HT 1A ), pindolol (5-HT 1B ), ritanserin (5-HT 2 ) and ICS 205–930 (5-HT 3 ) attenuated the spinal analgesic effects of morphine. In contrast, the α 1 and α 2 -adrenoceptor antagonists prazosin and yohimbine, respectively, did not alter morphine-induced elevations in tail-flick latency. These data substantiate earlier reports that spinal morphine-induced antinociception relies on an opioid receptor-mediated component in addition to a local serotonergic component. The finding that the α-adrenoceptor antagonists did not alter the antinociceptive effects of IT morphine suggests that spinal norepinephrine does not contribute to the analgesic effects of the opiate.
Avoiding Infection in Office Surgery

Office instruments should be steam autoclaved. This has the advantage of greatest effectiveness and reliability with reasonable cost and time. The iodophors and chlorhexidine are excellent surgical skin preparations. Chlorhexidine suppresses regrowth of bacteria much better than iodophors. Antibiotic prophylaxis may be beneficial for clean-contaminated and contaminated wounds. The antibiotic should be administered before surgery and continued no longer than 24 hours after surgery.
Magnetostatic waves bound to a DC field gradient

We discuss the conditions necessary to cause magnetostatic waves to be bound or confined by dc magnetic field gradients both in rectangular slabs and solid or hollow cylinders when the wave propagation is parallel to the surfaces and perpendicular to the dc field direction. General equations which govern the eigenmode potential are developed, as are expressions that allow evaluation, of the group velocity and wave attenuation factor. However, we also discuss a special family of field profiles that, at special points of the dispersion diagrams, allows analytic expressions to be found for all quantities of interest. By proper choice of the gradient, the bound wave frequencies and the ratio of the wave energy inside the crystal to that outside can be controlled. As expected, the waves are nonreciprocal with respect to propagation direction. With appropriate gradients, even a single surface can support bound mode propagation in either direction. We also consider the effect of very steep gradients caused by abrupt changes in field and/or saturation magnetization within either slabs or cylinders. Finally, a brief discussion of waves bound to positive or negative curvature field wells is included.
Near-lossless image compression techniques

Predictive and multiresolution techniques for near-lossless image compression based on the criterion of maximum allowable deviation of pixel values are investigated. A procedure for near-lossless compression using a modification of lossless predictive coding techniques to satisfy the specified tolerance is described. Simulation results with modified versions of two of the best lossless predictive coding techniques known, CALIC and JPEG-LS, are provided. Application of lossless coding based on reversible transforms in conjunction with prequantization is shown to be inferior to predictive techniques for near-lossless compression. A partial embedding two-layer scheme is proposed in which an embedded multiresolution coder generates a lossy base layer, and a simple but effective context-based lossless coder codes the difference between the original image and the lossy reconstruction. Results show that this lossy plus near-lossless technique yields compression ratios close to those obtained with predictive techniques, while providing the feature of a partially embedded bit-stream.
Realities, Rewards, and Risks of Heritage-Language Education: Perspectives from Japanese Immigrant Parents in a Midwestern Community

This ethnographic case study describes how three Japanese immigrant parents in a midsize urban community in the Midwest viewed heritage-language education in relation to their children's socioemotional development as bicultural Americans. The literature review offers a comparative and historical analysis of Japanese schools in the diaspora to reveal trends in terms of how Japanese culture, identity, and language have been articulated and represented in these dynamic community-run spaces across multiple generations and sociopolitical contexts. Methods included analysis of site documents, interviews with the parents, and on-site participant observations. The findings reveal how the participants have strategically used the ethnic community's structure to encourage their children to maintain strong attachments to their ethnic identities through language and literacy education. The findings also highlight the challenges of rearing bicultural and bilingual children in ethnocentric spaces, particularly given the...
Gastric Inhibitory Peptide Controls Adipose Insulin Sensitivity via Activation of cAMP-response Element-binding Protein and p110β Isoform of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase

Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) is an incretin hormone secreted in response to food intake. The best known function of GIP is to enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Extra-pancreatic effects of GIP primarily occur in adipose tissues. Here, we demonstrate that GIP increases insulin-dependent translocation of the Glut4 glucose transporter to the plasma membrane and exclusion of FoxO1 transcription factor from the nucleus in adipocytes, establishing that GIP has a general effect on insulin action in adipocytes. Stimulation of adipocytes with GIP alone has no effect on these processes. Using pharmacologic and molecular genetic approaches, we show that the effect of GIP on adipocyte insulin sensitivity requires activation of both the cAMP/protein kinase A/CREB signaling module and p110β phosphoinositol-3′ kinase, establishing a novel signal transduction pathway modulating insulin action in adipocytes. This insulin-sensitizing effect is specific for GIP because isoproterenol, which elevates adipocyte cAMP and activates PKA/CREB signaling, does not affect adipocyte insulin sensitivity. The insulin-sensitizing activity points to a more central role for GIP in intestinal regulation of peripheral tissue metabolism, an emerging feature of inter-organ communication in the control of metabolism.
Charge and Spin Susceptibility of a Ferromagnetic Electron Gas

We have obtained the charge and spin susceptibilities in the ferromagnetic state of an electron gas, including the effects of the long-range nature of the Coulomb interaction from a unified point of view. The susceptibilities are discussed as a function of the magnetization for typical ferromagnetic alloy systems.
Variation among donor females in mammalian preimplantation embryo research

Abstract Data from two investigations involving preimplantation mouse embryo survival rates were analyzed by statistical methods which considered (Analysis I) or ignored (Analysis II) variation among-donor females. The first investigation studied in vitro development of zygotes in two culture media. Embryos from each donor female were randomly allocated to treatments. Analysis I utilized donor female as a block, removing among-donor female variation from the mean-square error. Analysis II ignored this variation, as if embryos from all donor females were pooled prior to random allocation to treatment. Media effects were large in both cases, and interpretation of results did not differ among analyses for an outbred stock or for an outbred × inbred cross. However, level of significance was consistently more extreme in Analysis II than in Analysis I. The second investigation studied genotypic responses in development of eight-cell embryos following cryopreservation. Survival rate was measured per donor female within genotype. Analysis I utilized donor females nested within genotype as the error term. Analysis II again utilized categorical pooling of data, ignoring donor females. In several cases, genotype differences and interaction effects were significant in Analysis II but not in Analysis I. Interpretation of results was dependent upon type of analysis. Consideration of among-donor female variation consistently yielded conservative tests of hypotheses relative to analyses which ignored this source of variation. Failure to consider among-donor female variation may lead to improper hypothesis testing, thus increasing the risk of false rejection of null hypotheses (Type-I error).
Persistent replicative stress alters polycomb phenotypes and tissue homeostasis in Drosophila melanogaster.

Polycomb group (PcG) proteins establish and maintain genetic programs that regulate cell-fate decisions. Drosophila multi sex combs (mxc) was categorized as a PcG gene based on a classical Polycomb phenotype and genetic interactions; however, a mechanistic connection between Polycomb and Mxc has not been elucidated. Hypomorphic alleles of mxc are characterized by male and female sterility and ectopic sex combs. Mxc is an important regulator of histone synthesis, and we find that increased levels of the core histone H3 in mxc mutants result in replicative stress and a persistent DNA damage response (DDR). Germline loss, ectopic sex combs and the DDR are suppressed by reducing H3 in mxc mutants. Conversely, mxc phenotypes are enhanced when the DDR is abrogated. Importantly, replicative stress induced by hydroxyurea treatment recapitulated mxc germline phenotypes. These data reveal how persistent replicative stress affects gene expression, tissue homeostasis, and maintenance of cellular identity in vivo.
Composition and properties of soluble lipoproteins in relation to structure.

Lipoproteins from diverse sources have total lipid contents extending over an essentially continuous range but do show strong evidence of a transition in their composition in the region where protein, phospholipid, and neutral lipid are present in essentially 1:1:1 proportions. Those with protein contents below 33% (LPL) have neutral lipid–phospholipid ratios ranging from 1:1 to 10:1; but this ratio remains at about 1:1 in all those with protein contents above 33% (HPL). The protein content of the LPL type decreases with increasing particle size and is sufficient to provide only a surface film. If the protein is present in this form, the particle must have a lipid core; if it is present in more globular form, much of the particle surface must be phospholipid, and such structures resemble microemulsions or micelles. The composition and properties of the HPL type, however, are consistent with their having a structural integrity approaching that of a protein molecule. For example, their molecular weight appe...
Variability of Gain Versus Frequency Characteristics in Hearing Aids

Full-on gain versus frequency response curves were obtained from ten different hearing aid models using 15 samples of each model. A mean curve and the range of responses from 20 discrete frequency ...
Turbulence at low temperatures

Cryogenic helium is of significant value in generating, and studying the highest possible Reynolds and Rayleigh number flows under controlled laboratory conditions, primarily due to its extremely low value of kinematic viscosity. We consider here critical helium gas and the two liquid phases, helium I and helium II. Such flows are already being generated and studied using suitable cryogenic equipment. We outline the current experiments and existing proposals for future studies that include critical helium gas and liquid helium I and II.
Factors associated with progression-free survival and long-term neurological outcome after resection of intramedullary spinal cord tumors: analysis of 101 consecutive cases: Clinical article

Object With the introduction of electrophysiological spinal cord monitoring, surgeons have been able to perform radical resection of intramedullary spinal cord tumors (IMSCTs). However, factors associated with tumor resectability, tumor recurrence, and long-term neurological outcome are poorly understood. Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed 101 consecutive cases of IMSCT resection in adults and children at a single institution. Neurological function and MR images were evaluated preoperatively, at discharge, 1 month after surgery, and every 6 months thereafter. Factors associated with gross-total resection (GTR), progression-free survival (PFS), and long-term neurological improvement were assessed using multivariate regression analysis. Results The mean age of the patients was 41 ± 18 years and 17 (17%) of the patients were pediatric. Pathological type included ependymoma in 51 cases, hemangioblastoma in 15, pilocytic astrocytoma in 16, WHO Grade II astrocytoma in 10, and malignant astrocytoma in ...
Susceptibility of Recently Isolated Pathogenic Bacteria to Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole Separately and Combined

A number of media and modifications were used in preliminary tests of susceptibility of common pathogenic aerobic bacteria to trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) separately and combined. The effect of varying the density of the lawn for the disk-susceptibility test was also investigated. Various serial dilution tests in liquid and on solid media were also compared, and the effect of varying the size of the inoculum for these tests was investigated. As a result of these tests, done largely on laboratory-maintained strains, a lawn of overnight cultures diluted 10-3 was considered most useful and practical for the disk tests, but the standard dilution specified in the Kirby-Bauer method was generally included for comparison. In the serial dilution tests, the one using the inocula replicator and 10-3 dilution of culture for inoculum on a modified (thymidinefree) Mueller-Hinton agar was selected as optimal, but similar tests with undiluted cultures and other modifications of various media were also used for some species. By use of these methods groups of recently isolated common pathogenic bacteria were tested by the disk and inocula replicator methods for susceptibility to TMP and SMZ separately and combined in ratio of 1:20 in the former and 1:16 in the latter method. Against nearly all strains of almost all species tested TMP alone and combined with the sulfonamide was found to be active in clinically useful concentrations, and against a large proportion of the organisms the two agents were clearly synergistic even for strains that were moderately or highly resistant to SMZ.
Role of Platelets in Atherothrombosis

Platelets play a pivotal role in atherothrombosis and therefore are primary targets of antithrombotic therapy. They release an array of agonists, such as adenosine diphosphate (ADP); adhesive molecules, such as P-selectin, thrombospondin, fibrinogen, and von Willebrand factor; coagulation factors; and growth factors. In turn, they present transmembrane receptors for a plethora of agonists and ligands. Heterodimeric glycoproteins of the integrin family bind extracellular matrix and plasma proteins; mediate adhesion, activation, spreading, and aggregation; and facilitate intercellular bidirectional signal transduction. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa is the most abundant platelet integrin and membrane surface glycoprotein. Glycolipids, heparins, proteoglycans, tetraspanins, and a multitude of other molecules, such as tumor necrosis factor–α, CD40L, growth arrest–specific 6, Eph receptor tyrosine kinases, and signaling lymphocytic activation molecule receptors, have been implicated in atherothrombosis. ADP promotes platelet aggregation by binding to platelet surface receptors P2Y 1 and P2Y 12 ; the thienopyridines inhibit aggregation by binding covalently to P2Y 12 . Thrombin, a potent initiator of platelet aggregation, activates platelets by cleaving protease-activated receptors (PARs) PAR-1 and PAR-4 and further propagates its effect by activating nearby platelets. A number of pharmacologic agents with antiplatelet actions have been developed, but the search continues for agents that strike an optimal balance between control of thrombosis and serious bleeding.
Composition of a protein-like fluorophore of dissolved organic matter in coastal wetland and estuarine ecosystems

This study demonstrates the compositional heterogeneity of a protein-like fluorescence emission signal (T-peak; excitation/emission maximum at 280/325 nm) of dissolved organic matter (DOM) samples collected from subtropical river and estuarine environments. Natural water samples were collected from the Florida Coastal Everglades ecosystem. The samples were ultrafiltered and excitation-emission fluorescence matrices were obtained. The T-peak intensity correlated positively with N concentration of the ultrafiltered DOM solution (UDON), although, the low correlation coefficient (r(2)=0.140, p 5 x 10(4) (T(1)) and approximately 7.6 x 10(3) (T(2)) and with varying relative abundance among samples. The T(1)-peak intensity correlated strongly with [UDON] (r(2)=0.516, p<0.001), while T(2)-peak did not, which suggested that the T-peak is composed of a mixture of compounds with different chemical structures and ecological roles, namely proteinaceous materials and presumably phenolic moieties in humic-like substances. Natural source of the latter may include polyphenols leached from senescent plant materials, which are important precursors of humic substances. This idea is supported by the fact that polyphenols, such as gallic acid, an important constituent of hydrolysable tannins, and condensed tannins extracted from red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) leaves exhibited the fluorescence peak in the close vicinity of the T-peak (260/346 and 275/313 nm, respectively). Based on this study the application of the T-peak as a proxy for [DON] in natural waters may have limitations in coastal zones with significant terrestrial DOM input.
Effects of 5-HT1A receptor agonists on hypothalamo-pituttary-adrenal axis activity and cortlcotropin-releasing factor containing neurons in the rat brain

Abstract Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is the major physiological regulator of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. There is evidence that CRF release from the hypothalamus is under stimulatory serotonergic control. The specific 5-HT receptor subtypes that mediate this effect is unclear. Administration of the 5-HT 1A agonists, 8-OH-DPAT (1 mg/kg) and ipsapirone (4 mg/kg), to rats resulted in activation of the HPA axis as evidenced by increased plasma ACTH and corticosterone concentrations in acutely treated rats and increased plasma corticosterone concentrations in both acutely and chronically treated rats. However, chronic administration of these compounds failed to alter CRF concentrations in the median eminence or CRF receptor number or affinity in the anterior pituitary. Chronic administration of both compounds resulted in increased CRF concentrations in the piriform cortex and hippocampus, whereas 8-OH-DPAT alone increased CRF concentrations in the amygdala and entorhinal cortex. These results suggest that both hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic CRF neurons are influenced by activation of 5-HT 1A receptors.
An integrated, dynamic model of feed hydration and digestion, and subsequent bacterial mass accumulation in the rumen.

Hydration of feeds and bacterial attachment to feed particles are thought to play major roles in rumen digestion of fibrous feedstuffs. The objective of the present study was to integrate these phenomena in a mechanistic model that could be used for data analysis. The proposed model was based on the conversion of biomass, where digestion end-products can be used for the synthesis of bacterial mass. Digestion of the potentially digestible fraction and subsequent accumulation of bacterial mass was based on a sequential, three-compartment model. These compartments represented substrate undergoing hydration, digestion, and bacterial mass accumulation. A fraction of the substrate was used for synthesis of bacterial mass. It was assumed that these bacteria associate either temporarily or permanently with the remaining substrate. Dacron bags containing either dry or fully-hydrated lucerne (Medicago sativa), maize (Zea mays) cobs, orchard grass (Dactylis glomeratd), and wheat straw were incubated in the rumen of a steer that was infused continuously with (15NH4)2SO4. The 15N-enrichments of isolated particle-associated bacteria and residue remaining in the bags were used to estimate bacterial attachment. Substrate remaining and microbial mass accumulation were analysed simultaneously. Hydration did not appear to limit digestion. Fractional rate of digestion and appearance of attached bacterial mass was fastest for lucerne. For lucerne, 5 % of the digestion end-products were used for synthesis of bacteria that associated with the substrate, whereas for maize cobs, orchard grass, and wheat straw this was 16, 14, and 19% respectively. Less than 2% of digestion end-products were used for synthesis of bacteria that permanently remained associated with the substrate. Permanent association can occur only with the indigestible fraction, and probably represents bacterial debris. Lysis and/or detachment of bacterial cells was highest for lucerne, and was indicative of the rapid dynamics of lucerne digestion.
A novel hierarchical wavelet-based framework for pattern analysis and synthesis

We present a wavelet-based framework for modeling patterns in digital images. The wavelet coefficients of the underlying pattern template are modeled as independent Gaussian or Gaussian mixture random variables. Variations in pose and location of the pattern are accounted for by a finite collection of uniformly distributed transformations. The observation noise is assumed to be IID Gaussian. This hierarchical framework induces a statistical image model that can be used to synthesize instances of pattern observations. The underlying pattern, which is generally unknown, can be inferred from training data by means of an iterative alternating-maximization algorithm. This learning algorithm automatically infers a pattern template with a sparse wavelet representation. We can further promote an efficient representation by modeling the wavelet coefficients with a Gaussian mixture and placing a penalty on the number of "high" states.
Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy: indications, efficacy and safety.

Background: Helicobacter pylori infects up to half of the world's population. It remains the major cause of peptic ulcer disease and is recognised as a carcinogen for its role in gastric carcinogenesis. Successful eradication of the bacteria is associated with improved health outcomes including fewer dyspeptic symptoms, reduced peptic ulcer recurrence and rebleeding, reduced peptic ulcer risk with NSAIDs and as a cure for low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma. The risk of gastric cancer is reduced in those without premalignant mucosal abnormalities at the time of eradication. Objective: This review outlines the current indications and options for therapy of H. pylori with particular reference to drug-induced adverse events associated with treatment. Methods: The indications for H. pylori eradication are evidence-based and in accordance with recent consensus statements and recommendations. The eradication treatment is based on numerous clinical trials and meta-analyses. Results/conclusion: Eradication therapy, i...
Thermal model of oceanic lithosphere

THE thermal model for oceanic lithosphere developed by McKenzie1 assumes that oceanic plates are slabs of constant thickness. The model has been used successfully to reproduce both the heat flow and the topographic patterns observed in oceanic lithosphere2. There is, however, no reason to assume that the lithosphere has a constant thickness; indeed, it is likely to thicken as it moves away from the ridge and cools.
Revised technique of isolated lung perfusion in the rat

Isolated lung perfusion in the rat is useful research tool. Pulmonary arteriotomy and venotomy repair is required for animal survival. Rat pulmonary vessels are fragile, thin, and small in caliber, making their repair the focal technical point. This technique has been improved. The arteriotomy now is closed with a single suture and the venotomy no longer requires repair. The lung is returned to its original anatomic position then compressed to stop bleeding. These improvements have improved animal morbidity and mortality markedly while reducing operating time.
The influence of prior choices on current choice.

Three pigeons chose between random-interval (RI) and tandem, continuous-reinforcement, fixed-interval (crf-FI) reinforcement schedules by pecking either of two keys. As long as a pigeon pecked on the RI key, both keys remained available. If a pigeon pecked on the crf-FI key, then the RI key became unavailable and the crf-FI timer began to time out. With this procedure, once the RI key was initially pecked, the prospective value of both alternatives remained constant regardless of time spent pecking on the RI key without reinforcement (RI waiting time). Despite this constancy, the rate at which pigeons switched from the RI to the crf-FI decreased sharply as RI waiting time increased. That is, prior choices influenced current choice—an exercise effect. It is argued that such influence (independent of reinforcement contingencies) may serve as a sunk-cost commitment device in self-control situations. In a second experiment, extinction was programmed if RI waiting time exceeded a certain value. Rate of switching to the crf-FI first decreased and then increased as the extinction point approached, showing sensitivity to both prior choices and reinforcement contingencies. In a third experiment, crf-FI availability was limited to a brief window during the RI waiting time. When constrained in this way, switching occurred at a high rate regardless of when, during the RI waiting time, the crf-FI became available.
Collective spin Hall effect for electron-hole gratings.

We show that an electric field parallel to the wave fronts of an electron-hole grating in a GaAs quantum well generates, via the electronic spin Hall effect, a spin grating of the same wave vector and with an amplitude that can exceed 1% of the amplitude of the initial density grating. We refer to this phenomenon as the ``collective spin Hall effect.'' A detailed study of the coupled spin-charge dynamics for quantum wells grown in different directions reveals rich features in the time evolution of the induced spin density, including the possibility of generating a helical spin grating.
A Complexity O(1) priority queue for event driven molecular dynamics simulations

We propose and implement a priority queue suitable for use in event driven molecular dynamics simulations. All operations on the queue take on average O(1) time per collision. In comparison, previously studied queues for event driven molecular dynamics simulations require O(logN) time per collision for systems of N particles.
Vibrational CD studies of the solution conformation of simple alanyl peptides as a function of pH.

The CH-stretching vibrational CD (VCD) spectra of glycyl-L-alanine, L-alanylglycine, and L-alanyl-L-alanine have been studied at neutral, high, and low pH in D2O solution. The intense positive VCD band attributed to the C alpha H stretch of the alanyl residue in glycyl-L-alanine at neutral pH is absent in L-alanylglycine. In contrast to the VCD spectra of L-alanine, the positive methine-stretching VCD band in glycyl-L-alanine and L-alanyl-L-alanine is still present at pH 2. Based on the ring current mechanism, the VCD spectra are consistent with the presence of a five-membered CO...HN intramolecular hydrogen-bonded ring between the C-terminal carboxylate and peptide NH groups at neutral and high pH; and a seven-membered COH...O = C hydrogen-bonded ring between the C-terminal carboxyl OH and peptide C = O groups at low pH. In the N-terminal alanyl residue, the peptide C = O group is hydrogen bonded to the NH trans to the methine bond. The CH-stretching VCD spectra of L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-alanine at neutral pH are consistent with two intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded conformations for the central alanyl residue.
Effects of Repetitive Shoulder Activity on the Subacromial Space in Manual Wheelchair Users

This study investigated (1) the effect of repetitive weight-relief raises (WR) and shoulder external rotation (ER) on the acromiohumeral distance (AHD) among manual wheelchair users (MWUs) and (2) the relationship between shoulder pain, subject characteristics, and AHD changes. Twenty-three MWUs underwent ultrasound imaging of the nondominant shoulder in an unloaded baseline position and while holding a WR position before and after the WR/ER tasks. Paired t-tests and Spearman correlational analysis were used to assess differences in the AHD before and after each task and the relationships between pain, subject characteristics, and the AHD measures. A significant reduction in the subacromial space (P < 0.01) occurred when subjects performed a WR position compared to baseline. Individuals with increased years of disability had greater AHD percentage narrowing after WR (P = 0.008). Increased shoulder pain was associated with AHD percentage narrowing after ER (P ≤ 0.007). The results support clinical practice guidelines that recommend MWUs limit WR to preserve shoulder function. The isolated repetitive shoulder activity did not contribute to the changes of subacromial space in MWUs. The ultrasonographic measurement of the AHD may be a target for identifying future interventions that prevent pain.
Description of the larval stages of Tisbe cucumariae (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) and comparative development within the genus Tisbe

For Tisbe cucumariae Humes, setation and segmentation are described for all 6 naupliar and all 5 copepodid larval stages. This sequence of anatomical development is expressed numerically and compared with development sequences previously described for 4 other species of Tisbe. Interspecifically, the nauplii are more dissimilar than the subsequent copepodids. This is a violation of the general rule that among animals developmental stages become progressively more diverse (von Baer's third law). One possible explanation for this violation is cenogenesis. A second possibility is that the earlier the developmental stage, the smaller its size, and the greater becomes the chance of inaccurate description.
Localization procedures in patients requiring reoperation for hyperparathyroidism

Numerous techniques have been described for the preoperative localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands. During the past 2 years, 18 patients have had operations for persistent (14) or recurrent (4) hyperparathyroidism. One or more hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands were identified at operation in all but 1 patient and all but 2 patients became normocalcemic.
Maternal consumption of a DHA-containing functional food benefits infant sleep patterning: An early neurodevelopmental measure

Abstract Background Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n − 3) is highly important during pregnancy for optimal development and functioning of fetal neural tissue. Infant ability to organize sleep and wake states following parturition is highly associated with later developmental outcomes. The impact of maternal DHA intake on sleep organization has not been previously investigated. Aims To examine the effect of a DHA-containing functional food consumed during pregnancy on early neurobehavioral development as assessed by infant sleep patterning in the first 48 postnatal hours. Study design A longitudinal, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled design was used. Subjects Women (18–35 y) with no pregnancy complications consumed a cereal-based functional food (92 kcal) containing 300 mg DHA an average of 5 d/week or placebo bars (n = 27 DHA, n = 21 Placebo). The intervention began at 24 weeks gestation and continued until delivery (38–40 weeks). Outcome measures Infant sleep/wake states were measured on postnatal days 1 (D1) and 2 (D2) using a pressure sensitive mattress recording respiration and body movements. Results Using ANCOVA and controlling for ethnic variation, there were significant group differences in arousals in quiet sleep on D1 (P = 0.006) and D2 (P = 0.011) with fewer arousals in the DHA intervention group compared to the placebo group. Similarly, arousals in active sleep on D1 were significantly lower in the DHA-intervention group (P = 0.012) compared to the placebo group. Conclusions We conclude that increased prenatal supply of dietary DHA has a beneficial impact on infant sleep organization.
Size-Exclusion Chromatography with On-Line Light-Scattering, Absorbance, and Refractive Index Detectors for Studying Proteins and Their Interactions

Techniques of using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) with on-line light-scattering, uv absorbance, and refractive index detectors to characterize the polypeptide molecular weights of simple proteins or glycoproteins or to determine the stoichiometry of protein complexes are described. Two unique advantages of this approach over conventional SEC are that the molecular weight measurement is independent of elution position and can exclude the contributions from carbohydrates. When a protein or complex contains no carbohydrates, a two-detector method, i.e., light scattering combined with refractive index, can be used to calculate the molecular weight. When a protein contains carbohydrates, a three-detector method is used to calculate the molecular weight of polypeptide alone. Finally, a self-consistent three-detector method is used to determine the stoichiometry of a protein complex containing carbohydrates. Example applications for all these methodologies are described.
Too Much of a Good Thing The Challenge and Opportunity of the Inverted U

Aristotle proposed that to achieve happiness and success, people should cultivate virtues at mean or intermediate levels between deficiencies and excesses. In stark contrast to this assertion that virtues have costs at high levels, a wealth of psychological research has focused on demonstrating the well-being and performance benefits of positive traits, states, and experiences. This focus has obscured the prevalence and importance of nonmonotonic inverted-U-shaped effects, whereby positive phenomena reach inflection points at which their effects turn negative. We trace the evidence for nonmonotonic effects in psychology and provide recommendations for conceptual and empirical progress. We conclude that for psychology in general and positive psychology in particular, Aristotle’s idea of the mean may serve as a useful guide for developing both a descriptive and a prescriptive account of happiness and success.
Editorial Commentary: Another Call to Cure Hepatitis B.

Collins et al describe 2 cases of HBV/ HCV coinfection where HBV reactivation occurred during HCV treatment with sofosbuvir and simeprevir [2]. The first patient was hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive with an HBV DNA level of 2300 IU/mL prior to treatment; the second patient was only positive for hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) and had an undetectable HBV DNA level. In both patients, the HCV RNA declined rapidly and was either undetectable or nearly undetectable by week 2. In the first patient, HBV reactivation was detected at week 8 when the patient was clinically symptomatic with an HBV DNA of 22 million IU/mL. The time course of reactivation is unknown as serial HBV DNA tests were not obtained. In the second patient, HBV DNA increased to 353 IU/mL at week 2 and then to 11 255 IU/mL by week 4. As tenofovir disoproxil fumarate was added at week 4, the clinical course without initiation of therapy is not known. In our hepatitis clinic at Johns Hopkins, we cared for a HBV/HCV-coinfected patient who was positive for HBsAg and had undetectable HBV DNA prior to treatment with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir. At week 4 of treatment, HBV DNA increased to 96 IU/mL, and then to 303 IU/mL at 8 weeks, but returned to undetectable without intervention and without a commensurate rise in aminotransferases at week 12. This case illustratesthat HBV reactiva
Porn and Me(n): Sexual Morality, Objectification, and Religion at the Wheelock Anti-Pornography Conference

In the Spring of 2007, I interviewed a panel of four men, who along with me, had just attended a national anti-pornography conference at Wheelock College. As we discussed topics ranging from masturbation to sexual ethics, many described their continuing struggle to reconcile their desires with deeply held moral beliefs and political convictions. This essay recounts various events from the Wheelock conference and draws on the published work of prominent male feminists such as John Stoltenberg, Robert Jensen, and Sut Jhally. I argue that, by failing to adequately account for the pleasures of objectification, the radical feminist analysis of pornography faces a dual risk: remaining marginal and irrelevant, and/or being absorbed by the much larger Christian anti-pornography movement.
Normal weight is associated with significant reductions in cardiovascular risk for adults, even in those who were overweight or obese as children

Commentary on: M Juonala, CG Magnussen, GS Berenson, et al.. Childhood adiposity, adult adiposity, and cardiovascular risk factors.N Engl J Med2011;365:1876–85.
Individual differences in attitudes towards gossip

Abstract Four studies were conducted to develop and validate a measure of individual differences in attitudes towards gossip (ATG). In Study 1, exploratory factor analyses of responses to a pool of ATG items identified two factors reflecting attitudes about gossip’s Social Value (SV) and Moral Value (MV), which provided the basis for constructing a 12-item ATG scale. In Study 2, the SV and MV factors were verified with confirmatory analysis. In Studies 3 and 4, the construct validity of the ATG scale was evidenced by (1) the ability of the SV subscale to predict interest in and intent to transmit gossip, (2) positive correlations with the Tendency to Gossip Questionnaire ( Nevo, Nevo, & Derech-Zehavi, 1994 ) and (3) negative correlations with social approval needs.
Achieving Coordination in Collaborative Problem-Solving Groups

In this article, interactive processes among group partners and the relationship of these processes to problem-solving outcomes are investigated in 2 contrasting groups. The case study groups were selected for robust differences in the quality of their written solutions to a problem and parallel differences in the quality of the group members' interaction. In 1 group correct proposals were generated, confirmed, documented, and reflected upon. In the other, they were generated, rejected without rationale, and for the most part left undocumented. The analyses identified 3 major contrastive dimensions in group interaction-the mutuality of exchanges, the achievement of joint attentional engagement, and the alignment of group members' goals for the problem solving process. A focus on group-level characteristics offers a distinctive strategy for examining small group learning and paves the way to understanding reasons for variability of outcomes in collaborative ventures. These dimensions may usefully inform th...
Association between leukopenia and neutropenia with infectious complications following transarterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

No. 414 Image based biodistribution analysis after intraarterial delivery of Technetium-99m labeled SPIO using SPECT/CT and MRI I. Lee, J. Park, Y. Kim, Y. Lee, J. Chung, J. Jeong, Y. Kim, S. Jeong, H. Kim; Radiology, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Korea (the Republic of); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of); Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of) Purpose: Dextran coated superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticle can be used as drug releasing nano-carrier. The aim of this study is to evaluate the biodistribution of SPIO after intraarterial (IA) delivery of Tc-labeled SPIO (Tc-SPIO) using SPECT/CT and MRI in rabbit liver tumor model to confirm the improvement of the selective IA delivery to liver tumor Materials and Methods: Dextran coated SPIO was reacted with sodium periodate and then reacted with cysteamine and sodium borohydride. The modified SPIO was labeled with Tc. Rabbits with hepatic VX2 carcinomas were treated with three different methods; intra-venous delivery of Tc-SPIO (group A, n1⁄43), IA delivery of Tc-SPIO (group B, n1⁄44), and IA delivery of Tc-SPIO and iodized oil mixture (group C, n1⁄44). Sequential acquisition of Tc-SPIO scintigraphy and SPECT/CT was immediately performed to 180 min after the delivery. After that, MRI and pathological specimens were acquired to confirm the deposit of SPIO in the tumor. Results: The uptake ratio of the tumor to normal liver parenchyma was ranged from the highest to lowest values according to the order group C, B, and A, which was well correlated with the trend of signal decrease on liver MRI. Other major uptake organs were liver, kidney, and bladder in all groups. On the CT images, the high attenuated lesions in tumor representing iodized oil deposition were easily detected only in all animals of groups C. Conclusion: Using Tc-SPIO, the biodistribution after intra-arterial delivery could be successfully demonstrated on SPECT/CT and MRI. Intra-arterial delivery of SPIO and iodized oil mixture was confirmed as a good drug delivery system targeting to liver tumors by the biodistribution analysis.
The Association of Mental Health over Time with Cardiac Outcomes in HEMO Study Patients

Summary Background and objectives Poor mental health over time is significantly associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the general population, which is the leading cause of death in dialysis patients. Most studies of dialysis patients, however, have investigated the relationship between baseline mental health measurements and all-cause mortality and not mental health measured longitudinally throughout a study and cause-specific mortality. Design, setting, participants, & measurements This study examined the association of changes in mental health over time with all-cause and cause-specific deaths and cardiac hospitalizations in the Hemodialysis study patients. Mental health was assessed at baseline and annually during the study with short form 36 mental health index scores. Poorer mental health was defined by a mental health index score≤60. Results Patients with poorer mental health at baseline were more likely to have less than a high school education and be unmarried, have significantly higher index of coexistent disease scores, and report taking β-blockers and sleep medications. Low mental health scores over time were independently associated with a decrease in survival time from all-cause mortality by −0.06 (−0.10, −0.03; P P =0.01) and composite of first cardiac hospitalization or cardiac death by −0.04 (−0.07, −0.02; P Conclusions This study found an independent association between poor mental health over time and all-cause mortality, cardiac hospitalization, and the composite of cardiac death or cardiac hospitalization in hemodialysis patients. The results underscore the importance of attention to mental health related to cardiac complications and even death in dialysis patients.
Buellia saurina Belongs to the Genus Rhizocarpon (Rhizocarpaceae, Lichenized Ascomycetes)

Abstract In 1971, W. A. Weber described Buellia saurina from aeolian sandstone in the Dinosaur National Monument in Utah, U.S.A. In his description, Weber mentioned several characters that are rather unusual for the genus Buellia, especially a lemon yellow thallus and a violet-brown hymenium. Careful re-examination of material at ASU and the holotype from COLO demonstrates that the species does not belong to Buellia, but needs to be transferred to Rhizocarpon. The bright yellow pigment is rhizocarpic acid, a substance not known from Buellia. The asci of the specimens belong to the Rhizocarpon-type. Although the young ascospores are two-celled, they frequently become irregularly muriform with age. The violet epihymenial pigment that can be identified as atra-red, is also unusual in Buellia and currently only known from the taxonomically isolated Buellia vilis Th. Fr. The new combination, Rhizocarpon saurinum (W. A. Weber) Bungartz, is made.
Linear multivariable control of robot manipulators

The paper presents a simple scheme for linear multivariable control of multi-link robot manipulators. The control scheme consists of multivariable feedforward and feedback controllers. The feedforward controller is the minimal inverse of the linearized model of robot dynamics and contains only proportional-double-derivative (PD2) terms. This controller ensures that the manipulator joint angles track any reference trajectories. The feedback controller is of proportional-derivative (PD) type and achieves stability and pole placement. This controller reduces any initial tracking error to zero as desired. The two controllers are independent of each other and are designed separately based on the linearized robot model and then integrated in the overall control scheme.