cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A summary of ISEW and GPI studies at multiple scales and new estimates for Baltimore City, Baltimore County, and the State of Maryland

This paper (1) summarizes a number of previous Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) and Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) studies at various scales; (2) estimates the GPI for Baltimore, Baltimore County, and the State of Maryland; and (3) compares these results with previous and parallel studies. GPI incorporates environmental, social, and economic information into a single metric to represent economic well-being. At all three scales, GPI was found to grow at a slower rate than the conventional economic measure of gross domestic product (GDP), while at the US national scale GPI has been relatively flat since 1975. State-level results match an independently calculated Maryland GPI, confirming that GPI methods are robust and reproducible. In addition, the State of Maryland has recently made GPI one of their official State statistics, reported annually. State-level GPI results were also compared with studies for the states of Ohio and Vermont to explore regional differences. We recommend that the GPI research community develop consensus on a standardized measurement approach and seek common ground for advancing the use of improved indicators and accounting systems in official policy settings.
Digital circuit techniques for speech analysis

The fundamentals of voice production and hearing are briefly reviewed with respect to the nature of the complex speech waveform. Some early speech devices are noted and current work in the field of computer simulation is considered. A general description of an experimental word code generator developed at the IBM (International Business Machines Corporation) Endicott Development Laboratory is given. This device produces a compressed digital code from the spoken word as a function of frequency, intensity, and time. Individual sound patterns are coded as a function of the changes in the word itself. The code is produced as the word is spoken and is displayed in matrix form for immediate analysis. Readout to a card punch or other storage media is easily accomplished. The operation of the system is described with special reference to the circuit configurations and techniques developed for the word code generator. The advantages and disadvantages of the digital representation of speech events are discussed considering storage economy, information transfer, and pattern recognition. It is concluded that digital techniques for speech analysis should find usage in speech therapy, speech recognition, and speech synthesis.
A Remembrance of Edward Vail Lapham Brown

Abstract E. V. L. Brown’s ophthalmic legacy is based on his clinical research accomplishments, including his research centered around the causes of uveitis and his exhaustive studies on refractive errors in childhood, as well as his devotion to teaching, training a corps of carefully trained observers who were meticulous in their diagnostic techniques and surgical skills. This article presents a brief history of E. V. L. Brown’s life and recreates what it was like to be a resident under this distinguished ophthalmologist at the University of Chicago Eye Clinic 50 years ago.
Morphological skeleton and shape decomposition

A novel morphological shape decomposition algorithm which is based on the skeleton transform is presented. The input to the algorithm is the morphological skeleton of a binary shape. Using simple morphological operations, this algorithm decomposes a binary shape into shape segments that correspond to maximal skeleton-induced subregions of the original shape containing no necks. A skeleton-induced decomposition scheme for 2-D shapes is defined. Many extensions to the basic algorithm are also possible. The shape segments produced can be used to construct structural shape descriptions or for other shape analysis purposes. >
Building Evidence-based Practice in AAC Display Design for Young Children: Current Practices and Future Directions

Each time a practitioner creates or modifies an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) display for a client, that practitioner must make a series of decisions about which vocabulary conce...
The Power and Possibility in Listening

In this column, the author describes the power of listening. There are three engaging listening modalities that are explored that form a foundation for exploring the power and possibility in listening: living true presence, participating in the council process; and engaging in strategic questioning. Several strategic questions are raised to explore the possibility of integrating these listening modalities into the nursing academy.
Spontaneous resolution of obstructive hydrocephalus from blood in the cerebral aqueduct

Obstructive hydrocephalus is a neurological emergency that needs to be immediately identified and treated. It very rarely resolves without treatment. We report about an 86-year-old man with right frontal stroke who developed obstructive hydrocephalus caused by blood in the cerebral aqueduct. The patient had sudden and immediate clinical improvement and a repeated head computed tomography (CT) scan showing spontaneous resolution of hydrocephalus. Spontaneous resolution of obstructive hydrocephalus is possible when the cause is minimal blood in the cerebral aqueduct without any blood in the fourth ventricle.
Soft Errors: Technology Trends, System Effects, and Protection Techniques

Radiation-induced soft errors are getting worse in digital systems manufactured in advanced technologies. Stringent data integrity and availability requirements of enterprise computing and networking applications demand special attention to soft errors in sequential elements and combinational logic. This tutorial will discuss the impact of technology scaling on soft error rates, circuit-level modeling of soft errors, architectural impact of soft errors, challenges associated with evaluation of run-time behaviors of systems in the presence of soft errors, actual data on system behaviors in the presence of soft errors, metrics for quantifying soft error vulnerabilities, design of architectures with Built-in-Soft-Error-Resilience techniques, and actual case studies.
Nanoemulsions versus microemulsions: terminology, differences, and similarities

Colloidal delivery systems based on microemulsions or nanoemulsions are increasingly being utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries to encapsulate, protect, and deliver lipophilic bioactive components. The small size of the particles in these kinds of delivery systems (r < 100 nm) means that they have a number of potential benefits for certain applications: enhanced long-term stability; high optical clarity; and, increased bioavailability. Currently, there is considerable confusion about the use of the terms “microemulsions” and “nanoemulsions” in the scientific literature. However, these are distinctly different types of colloidal dispersions: a microemulsion is thermodynamically stable, whereas a nanoemulsion is not. It is therefore important to distinguish between them since this impacts the methods used to fabricate them, the strategies used to stabilize them, and the approaches used to design their functional attributes. This article reviews the differences and similarities between nanoemulsions and microemulsions in terms of their compositions, structure, fabrication, properties, and stability. It also attempts to highlight why there has been so much confusion in this area, and to clarify the terminology used to refer to these two kinds of colloidal dispersion.
RF radiometery sensor sensitivity and detection profile

Temperature sensing using microwave radiometry has proven value for non-invasively measuring the absolute temperature of tissues inside the human body. However, current clinical radiometers operate in GHz or infrared frequency ranges; this limits their depth of penetration since the human body is not "transparent" at these frequencies. To address this problem, we have previously designed and built an advanced, near-field radiometer operating at VHF frequencies (64 MHz) with a ~100 KHz bandwidth. The radiometer has performed accurate temperature measurements to within plusmn0.1degC, over a tested physiological range of 28-40degC in saline phantoms whose electric properties match those of human tissue. In this work we analyze radiofrequency (RF) coil designs suitable for RF Radiometry. We investigate the coil profile sensitivity to look where temperature information is coming from and the depth of penetration associated with the receiver used. We also look into the virtues of using multi-turn coils versus single loop coils. We conclude that by using multi-turn coils the received noise signal is more sensitive to sample noise and temperature can be estimated more accurately especially with the use of smaller receivers.
Specification and verification of real-time embedded systems using time-constrained reactive automata

The authors briefly review the time-constrained reactive automata (TRA) model and its use in the specification and verification of real-time embedded systems. Among its salient features is a fundamental notion of space and time that restricts the expensiveness of the model in a way that allows the specification of only reactive, spontaneous, and causal computation. Using the TRA formalism, there is no conceptual distinction between a system and a property; both are specified as formal objects. This reduces the verification process to that of establishing correspondences-namely preservation and implementation relationships-between such objects. >
Immunopathogenicity and oncogenicity of murine leukemia viruses. I. Induction of immunologic disease and lymphoma in (balb/c x nzb)f1 mice by scripps leukemia virus.

This report clearly demonstrates that a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like syndrome and lymphoma can be induced in immunologically normal (BALB/c x NZB)F1 mice by infection of neonates with a murine leukemia virus (MuLV) (Scripps leukemia virus [SLV] 60A) isolated from NZB lymphoblasts. SLV 60A was titered in vitro (XC test) and administered to newborn and adult (BALB/c x NZB)F1 mice over six log10 dilutions. Propagation of MuLV in the newborn recipients was indicated by greatly elevated serum Mu gs-1 levels which were proportional to the dose of virus given. The SLE-like syndrome was characterized by antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and immune complex-type glomerulonephritis. ANA production was related to the dose of virus and reached the highest levels at 8–16 wk. The incidence of glomerulonephritis was also correlated with the dose of virus and reached nearly 50% in the animals given the highest virus dose. Both titers of ANA and incidence of glomerulonephritis were greater in females than in males, although the amounts of Mu gs-1 in sera of both sexes were equal. The incidence of direct Coombs' positivity was not significantly affected by inoculation of this virus. The incidence and time of onset of thymocytic lymphoma were linearly related to the amount of virus inoculated. High serum Mu gs-1 levels predicted lymphoma development and reflected increases in the amount of infectious virus in the spleen. No induction of tumors, autoimmunity, or high serum Mu gs-1 levels followed administration of SLV 60A to 6-wk old (BALB/c x NZB)F1 mice or inactivated 60A or active AKR virus to newborns.
An analysis of the processing requirements of a complex perceptual-motor task.

Current concerns in the assessment of mental workload are discussed, and the event-related brain potential (ERP) is introduced as a promising mental-workload index. Subjects participated in a series of studies in which they were required to perform a target acquisition task while also covertly counting either auditory or visual probes. The effects of several task-difficulty manipulations on the P300 component of the ERP elicited by the counted stimulus probes were investigated. With sufficiently practiced subjects the amplitude of the P300 was found to decrease with increases in task difficulty. The second experiment also provided evidence that the P300 is selectively sensitive to task-relevant attributes. A third experiment demonstrated a convergence in the amplitude of the P300s elicited in the simple and difficult versions of the tracking task. The amplitude of the P300 was also found to covary with the measures of tracking performance. The results of the series of three experiments illustrate the sensitivity of the P300 to the processing requirements of a complex target acquisition task. The findings are discussed in terms of the multidimensional nature of processing resources.
Neuroendocrine regulation of appetitive ingestive behavior.

Food availability in nature is often irregular, and famine is commonplace. Increased motivation to engage in ingestive behaviors increases the chance of survival, providing additional potential opportunities for reproduction. Because of the advantages conferred by entraining ingestive behavior to environmental conditions, neuroendocrine mechanisms regulating the motivation to acquire and ingest food have evolved to be responsive to exogenous (i.e. food stored for future consumption) and endogenous (i.e. body fat stores) fuel availability. Motivated behaviors like eating occur in two phases. The appetitive phase brings animals into contact with food (e.g. foraging, food hoarding), and the more reflexive consummatory phase results in ingestion (e.g., chewing, swallowing). Quantifiable appetitive behaviors are part of many the natural ingestive behavioral repertoire of species such as hamsters and humans. This review summarizes current knowledge about neuroendocrine regulators of ingestive behavior, with an emphasis appetitive behavior. We will discuss hormonal regulators of appetitive ingestive behaviors, including the orexigenic hormone ghrelin, which potently stimulates foraging and food hoarding in Siberian hamsters. This section includes a discussion of the hormone leptin, its relation to endogenous fat stores, and its role in food deprivation-induced increases in appetitive ingestive behaviors. Next, we discuss how hormonal regulators interact with neurotransmitters involved in the regulation of ingestive behaviors, such as NPY, AgRP and alpha-MSH, to regulate ingestive behavior. Finally, we discuss the potential impact that perinatal nutrient availability can have on the neuroendocrine regulation of ingestive behavior. Understanding the hormonal mechanisms that connect metabolic fuel availability to central appetite regulatory circuits should provide a better understanding of the neuroendocrine regulation of the motivation to engage in ingestive behavior.
Coping and glucocorticoid receptor regulation by stress inoculation

Intermittent exposure to mildly stressful situations provides opportunities to practice coping in the context of exposure psychotherapies and stress inoculation training. Previously, we showed that stress inoculation modeled in juvenile monkeys enhances subsequent indications of resilience. Here we examine stress inoculation effects in adult female monkeys. We found that stress inoculation prevents social separation stress induced anhedonia measured using sucrose preference tests and reduces the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis stress hormone response to a novel environment. Stress inoculation also increases glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) gene expression in anterior cingulate cortex but not hippocampus. Increased anterior cingulate cortex NR3C1 expression induced by stress inoculation is not associated with significant changes in GR1F promoter DNA methylation. On average, low levels of promoter DNA methylation and limited GR1F expression were evident in monkey anterior cingulate cortex as observed in corticolimbic brain regions of adult humans. Taken together these findings suggest that stress inoculation in adulthood enhances behavioral and hormonal aspects of coping without significantly influencing GR1F promoter DNA methylation as a mechanism for NR3C1 transcription regulation.
Stereotyping the Stereotyper a Mexican American Perspective

A total of 28 Spanish-speaking and 17 English-speaking Mexican American couples were interviewed to assess their perceptions of the stereotypes that they believed ascribed to them by Anglo-Americans. Additionally, the degree of the subjects' perceptions was examined as a function of subject gender, level of education, language spoken, and ethnic self-identification. In general, the subjects perceived the stereotypes ascribed to them by Anglo-Americans to be negative. The variable "education" was found to distinguish significantly (p < .01) subjects' perceptions of Anglo stereotypes toward Mexican Americans; with the less educated subjects perceiving themselves to be stereotyped more negatively by the larger Anglo society. Directions for future research are suggested.
Discovering Diverse Mechanisms of Migration: The Mexico–US Stream 1970–2000

Migrants to the United States are a diverse population. This diversity, identified in various migration theories, is overlooked in empirical applications that describe a typical narrative for an average migrant. Using the Mexican Migration Project data from about 17,000 first-time migrants from Mexico to the US between 1970 and 2000, this study employs cluster analysis to identify four types of migrants with distinct configurations of characteristics. Each migrant type corresponds to a specific theoretical account and becomes prevalent in a specific period, depending on economic, social, and political conditions in Mexico and the US. Around the period when each migrant type becomes prevalent, a corresponding theory is also developed.
Formulation, Characterization, and In Vitro Release of Glyburide from Proliposomal Beads

The objective of our study was to formulate and evaluate proliposomes in the form of enteric-coated beads using glyburide as a model drug. The beads were enteric coated with Eudragit L-100 by a fluidized bed coating process using triethyl citrate as plasticizer. Content uniformity of glyburide was estimated using HPLC analysis of beads dissolved in methanol. These proliposomal beads formed liposomes on disintegration in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4), which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The dissolution study of enteric-coated beads exhibited enhanced dissolution compared with pure drug and a marketed product. Liposomes can be successfully prepared for oral administration in the form of enteric-coated beads that may offer a stable system to produce liposomes for oral administration.
Orbital dynamics in the Tevatron double helix

A key feature of the Tevatron upgrade is the placement of proton and antiproton bunches on the branches of a double helix which winds around the current closed orbit. Electrostatic separators will transfer the bunches on and off the double helix so that they experience head-on collisions only at the experimental areas, B0 and D0, all other encounters occurring at large transverse separation. In this way, the number of bunches and the luminosity can be increased without a proportional growth in the beam-beam tune shift. The scenario raises a number of beam dynamics (viz., stability) issues, especially (1) the consequences of sampling magnetic fields far from the magnet's center lines and (b) the effects of the long-range beam-beam interaction. The results of (admittedly incomplete) calculations and simulations done to date are presented to explore the second issue. >
American Geography and Geographers: Toward Geographical Science

Table of Contents Illustrations Preface Acknowledgements Abbreviations for Archival Sources American and German Geography circa 1820's to 1919 Geography and the American Normal School Toward the Emergence of Geography in the Universities The Physiographic Provinces The Study of Geographical Regions Commercial and Economic Geography Environmentalism and Its Varieties The Quest for Definition c. 1870-1919 World War I: Geographers and the Path to War World War I: Geographers and the Path to Peace The Millionth Map of Hispanic America The Science of Settlement: Studies of the Pioneer Fringe The Ecological Tradition in American Geography: A Perspective The Emergence of a Political Geography The Nature of Geography and Perspective on the Nature of Geography Geography, Geographers, and World War II The AAG and the ASPG: Schism and Rapprochement The Quest for Definition Continued c. 1920-1970 Envoi Appendix Earliest Known (U.S.) College/University Courses of Their Kind Index of Names Index of Subjects
Induction of anticancer immunity by MDA-7/IL-24

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005 5996 We have previously demonstrated that ectopic expression of the melanoma differentiation associated gene-7 (mda-7)/interleukin-24 (IL-24 ) resulted in growth suppression and apoptosis not only in a wide variety of human cancer cells but also murine fiblosarcoma cell lines. In the present study we investigated whether MDA-7/IL-24 could induce systemic anti-cancer immunity. Treatment of murine fibrosarcoma (UV2237m) cells with an adenoviral vector carrying the mda-7/IL-24 gene (Ad-mda7; 10K vp/cell) resulted in intracellular expression and secretion of MDA-7/IL-24 protein. Implantation of Ad-mda7 treated tumor cells in syngenic C3H mice (1x106/animal) resulted in a significant ( P <0.001) inhibition of tumorigenicity. In contrast, implantation of untreated parental cells or Ad-luc treated tumor cells resulted in robust tumor growth. Challenge with parental tumor cells in mice that initially rejected Ad-mda7 treated tumor cells showed significant ( P < 0.01) inhibition of tumor growth compared to naive mice suggesting induction of systemic anti-tumor immunity in immunized mice. Studies investigating the mechanisms of anti-tumor immunity revealed that Ad-mda7 selectively enhanced H2Kk and not H2Kd MHC class I molecule expression in tumor cells in vitro . Analysis of splenocytes from mice that were implanted with Ad-mda7 treated tumor cells showed increased proliferative rate that were up to 30-fold higher than controls and produced Th1 type cytokines. Subset analysis of proliferating splenocytes demonstrated increases in CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T-cells. Furthermore, a significant increase in CD3+CD8+ but not CD3+CD4+ cell population occurred when stimulated with irradiated tumor cells in vitro . Our results demonstrate for the first Ad-mda7 treatment of murine syngenic tumor cells induces cell death via apoptosis and immune activation leading to systemic anticancer immunity.
Fatal Varicella in an Adult: Case Report and Review of the Gastrointestinal Complications of Chickenpox

An unusual and fatal case of primary varicella in an adult is presented. Involvement of the small intestine first manifested as abdominal pain and later progressed to gastrointestinal bleeding with subsequent dissemination of the infection. Although it has previously been speculated that gastrointestinal bleeding can result from infection with the varicella-zoster virus, the data from this case include histologic and cultural evidence that supports the clinical observations. The literature has been reviewed, and the management of this patient has been critically evaluated.
Fat deposition in musculature of the genetically dystrophic chicken.

SummaryGenetically dystrophic chickens contain significantly more crude fat in the superficial pectoral muscle (% of wet sample) than do normal chickens. An increased fat deposition is noted as early as 15 weeks of age and is associated with physical manifestation of dystrophy resembling certain muscular dystrophies in man. Females deposit more crude fat than males.
Water Slug Formation and Motion in Gas Flow Channels: The Effects of Geometry, Surface Wettability, And Gravity

Water emerging from ∼100 μm pores into millimeter-size gas flow channels forms drops that grow and become slugs which span the flow channel. Flowing gas causes the slugs to detach and move down the channel. The effect of channel geometry, surface wettability, and gravity on the formation and motion of water slugs has been analyzed using high-speed video images of the drops and differential pressure-time traces. Drops grow and appear, assuming a sequence of shapes that minimize the total interfacial energy of the gas-liquid and liquid-solid interfaces. The drops are initially spherical caps centered on the pore (the liquid contacts one wall). Above a certain size, the drops move to the corner, forming "corner drops" (the liquid contacts two walls). Corner drops grow across the channel, evolving into partial liquid bridges (drops confined by three walls), and finally the drops span the channel cross-section forming slugs (contacting all four walls). Smaller slugs are formed in channels with hydrophobic walls than in channels with hydrophilic walls. Smaller slugs are formed in channels with curved walls than in square or rectangular channels. Slugs move when the differential gas pressure overcomes the force to move the advancing and receding gas-liquid-solid contact lines of the slugs. Residual water left behind in corners by moving slugs reduces the barriers for drops to form slugs, causing the steady-state slug volumes to be smaller than those seen at start-up in dry channels.
Robertsonian polymorphism in the cotton rat, Sigmodon fulviventer.

Karyotypes of 28 fulvous-bellied cotton rats, Sigmodon fulviventer, from Arizona and New Mexico were analyzed. Intrapopulational variation in diploid numbers of 30, 29, and 28 was found. This polymorphism is ascribed to Robertsonian changes: centric fusion or fission involving two pairs of acrocentric autosomes or one pair of metacentric autosomes, respectively. Possible mechanisms are discussed for the origin of this polymorphism and its evolutionary significance. The relatively high frequency of each diploid type is contrasted with the condition in certain other species of mammals. Tentative remarks concerning chromosomal relationships among four kinds of Sigmodon are presented.
Impact of the Inlet Flow Pattern of Sewage Pump Station Forebay on the Pump Performance and the Sediment

Combined with the integer hydraulic model test of Zhaojiabang Rainwater and Sewage Water Confluence Pump Station, which belongs to the Shanghai Wastewater Treatment Project, the flow patterns of the inlet pond of different pump start modes are researched. The reasons and the influences of the bad flow forms on the performance of the pump and to the sediment are analyzed. The measures to improve the flow form are put forward,and the effects of improvement on operational efficiency of the pump, and the reduction of sediment are verified by implementation.
Structural studies of MAP Kinase cascade components

MAPK cascade components have been the subject of structural analysis, advancing our understanding of how these enzymes are activated and how they interact. A surprising finding has been that unique inactive conformers are adopted by many of these kinases. These inactive conformers are interesting and often require experimental phases to determine their crystal structures because molecular replacement techniques are not successful. Here, we describe the preparation of MAP2K MEK6 and MAP3K TAO2 substituted with selenomethionine (SeMet) for de novo phasing. TAO2 and SeMet TAO2 were expressed in insect cells.
Noninvasive blood flow mapping for surgical guidance of vascular birthmarks

Port-wine stain (PWS) birthmarks are progressive capillary malformations which occur typically on the face or neck. To treat these birthmarks, the standard protocol involves use of pulsed laser light. The intent of this protocol is to heat selectively and coagulate the PWS vasculature.
Adverse Effects and Safety of 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors (Finasteride, Dutasteride): A Systematic Review

Finasteride and dutasteride, both 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, are considered first-line treatment for androgenetic hair loss in men and used increasingly in women. In each case, patients are expected to take the medications indefinitely despite the lack of research regarding long-term adverse effects. Concerns regarding the adverse effects of these medications has led the United States National Institutes of Health to add a link for post-finasteride syndrome to its Genetic and Rare Disease Information Center. Herein, the authors report the results of a literature search reviewing adverse events of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors as they relate to prostate cancer, psychological effects, sexual health, and use in women. Several large studies found no increase in incidence of prostate cancer, a possible increase of high-grade cancer when detected, and no change in survival rate with 5-alpha reductase inhibitor use. Currently, there is no direct link between 5-alpha reductase inhibitor use and depression; however, several small studies have led to depression being listed as a side effect on the medication packaging. Sexual effects including erectile dysfunction and decreased libido and ejaculate were reported in as many as 3.4 to 15.8 percent of men. To date, there are very few studies evaluating 5-alpha reductase inhibitor use in women. Risks include birth defects in male fetuses if used in pregnancy, decreased libido, headache, gastrointestinal discomfort, and isolated reports of changes in menstruation, acne, and dizziness. Overall, 5-alpha reductase inhibitors were well-tolerated in both men and women, but not without risk, highlighting the importance of patient education prior to treatment.
Abstract 5465: Persistent oxidative stress in mouse intestinal and colonic epithelial cells after exposure to12C-ion radiation

Purpose: 12 C-ion radiotherapy is demonstrating favorable results compared to photon radiotherapy for select cancers. While normal tissue exposure is lower with 12 C-ions relative to γ-rays, it cannot be completely eliminated and therefore, late tissue toxicity, inflammation and secondary carcinogenesis cannot be ruled out. The goal of this study was to assess the extent of persistent oxidative stress (POS) after 12 C radiation exposure and compare the results to that after γ radiation exposure. Methods and Materials: Mice (C57BL/6J; 6 to 8 weeks; male) were irradiated with 0.5 or 1.3 Gy of γ or 12 C-ion, and intestinal (IEC), colonic (CEC) epithelial cells and tissues were collected 2 months after radiation exposure. In epithelial cells, intracellular ROS, mitochondrial superoxide, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and cardiolipin oxidation were studied by flow-cytometry. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and NADPH oxidase activity along with lipid oxidation were also assessed in epithelial cells using biochemical assays. Results: Our results clearly showed radiation quality and dose-dependent induction of POS. Both intestine and colon showed a higher elevation of intracellular ROS, mitochondrial superoxide, NADPH oxidase activity, and mitochondrial cardiolipin oxidation after 12 C relative to γ radiation. Moreover, antioxidant enzyme activity in intestine and colon was also significantly reduced in 12 C-irradiated mice. Compared to γ radiation, membrane lipid damage was remarkably higher in both intestine and colon of 12 C-ion irradiated mice. At 0.5 Gy, persistent oxidative damage indicated by 4-hydroxynonenal was 3-fold in colon and 1.6 fold in intestine after 12 C relative γ radiation. Conclusions: Mitochondrial deregulation, increased NADPH oxidase activity and loss of SOD and catalase activities were the major contributory events in 12 C-ion-induced POS in mouse GI-tissues. Compared to intestine, colon was more susceptible to POS induction that might be due to progressive cell turnover in intestine resulting in faster elimination of initial damage signal in a given time than colon. Taken together, our data suggest that normal tissue exposure to 12 C radiation carries higher long-term risk relative to γ-rays at comparable doses and further detail evaluation is warranted. Citation Format: Shubhankar Suman, Santosh Kumar, Albert J. Fornace, Kamal Datta. Persistent oxidative stress in mouse intestinal and colonic epithelial cells after exposure to 12 C-ion radiation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5465. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5465
Rare $Z$ Boson Decays to a Hidden Sector

We demonstrate that rare decays of the Standard Model $Z$ boson can be used to discover and characterize the nature of new hidden-sector particles. We propose new searches for these particles in soft, high-multiplicity leptonic final states at the Large Hadron Collider. The proposed searches are sensitive to low-mass particles produced in $Z$ decays, and we argue that these striking signatures can shed light on the hidden-sector couplings and mechanism for mass generation.
We do what we can.

![Figure][1] It will come as no surprise to physicians that our patients do not always do as we say. Treatment cannot be imposed upon the competent patient, even if in his or her best interest. I wrote this poem as a second-year medical student. It is about recognizing that we cannot always
Personality variation in two predator species does not impact prey species survival or plant damage in staged mesocosms

Mounting evidence suggests that consistent individual differences in behavior, better known as animal personality, can shape aspects of population and community ecology. Yet, the potential for animal personality to affect more complex and non-linear food webs, like those seen in nature, remains understudied. Here, we explore the degree to which the aggregate behaviors of two predator species simultaneously interact to alter prey survival rates and the presence and magnitude of trophic cascades. We set up mesocosms in an old-field habitat containing four different insect prey species and either two Phidippus clarus (Salticidae), two Platycryptus undatus (Salticidae), or one of each predator. Prior to initiating each mesocosm, we assayed the activity level and boldness of each individual predator and included these metrics in our models predicting prey survival and plant damage. We then compared the number of surviving prey and plant damage under each of these conditions and tested for associations between each of these response variables and predator behavior. We found no significant effect of predator community composition or predators’ behavior on prey survival or plant damage. These results suggest that the effects of predator personality on prey survival may be subtle or absent in complex species interaction modules. Although much research suggests that animal personality can influence broader scale ecological phenomena, the ability of animal personality to alter complex species interaction modules remains unresolved. We tested whether pairs of predators of different personality types differentially impacted prey survival rates and plant damage in a tritrophic system, and whether these effects varied based on predator community composition. We recovered no evidence that predator personality types influenced prey survival or plant damage regardless of the predator composition considered. These results suggest that the effects of personality may be absent or undetectable in more complex, realistic ecological settings. The majority of laboratory-based personality studies published to date evaluate only dyadic species interactions in simplified environments. Our findings therefore raise concerns that such studies are prone to overestimate the effects of animal personality.
Fatty acid biosynthesis and the role of the acyl carrier protein.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses fatty acid biosynthesis and the role of the acyl carrier protein. The first indication that fatty acid synthesis is different from the β-oxidation pathway was the observation that bicarbonate is required for fatty acid synthesis in extracts from avian liver. The bicarbonate is required for the synthesis of malonyl CoA, and it is malonyl CoA that directly contributes the two-carbon units for the long-chain fatty acid. Malonyl CoA supplies all but the two methyl terminal carbons of long-chain fatty acids as shown by the stoichiometry experiments. Purification of this synthetase 200-fold demonstrates that all of the enzymes of fatty-acid synthesis were purified together in a single multienzyme complex. The marked substrate specificity of ACP hydrolase enzyme for intact ACP suggests a possible role for this enzyme in the control of fatty acid synthesis. Thus, by regulating the amount of ACP available, this enzyme could regulate fatty-acid synthesis.
Distinctive Infectious Complications in Patients with Central Nervous System Lymphoma Undergoing Thiotepa, Busulfan, and Cyclophosphamide-conditioned Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation.

Abstract We investigated the incidence of viral, fungal, bacterial, and parasitic infections observed in 57 patients with central nervous system lymphoma after thiotepa, busulfan, and cyclophosphamide-conditioned autologous stem cell transplantation (TBC-ASCT) and 79 patients with systemic non-Hodgkin lymphoma after traditional carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan–conditioned ASCT (BEAM-ASCT). Twenty of 57 (35%) TBC-ASCT patients had detectable viremia with human herpesvirus 6, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, or BK virus, versus 9 of 79 (11%) BEAM-ASCT patients. Eight TBC-ASCT patients had clinically relevant viral infections (4 human herpesvirus 6, 2 cytomegalovirus, 1 adenovirus, 2 BK virus), versus 0 in the BEAM-ASCT group. Four TBC-ASCT patients suffered infections from either a fungal or parasitic pathogen versus 1 BEAM-ASCT patient. TBC was associated with greater risk of viral reactivation compared with BEAM, independent of other factors (hazard ratio, 4.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.9 to 11.3; P
The microwave spectrum of phenylpropiolic acid

Abstract The microwave spectrum for phenylpropiolic acid was measured in the 4.8–10 GHz frequency range using a Flygare-Balle type pulsed-beam Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. 34 a-type and 11 b-type rotational transitions were measured and assigned for the most abundant isotopologue. Based on the measured transitions, the rotational constants were determined to be A = 3859.823(33) MHz, B = 443.54379(10) MHz, and C = 398.09128(13) MHz. The centrifugal distortion constants were determined to be DJ = 0.00286(66) kHz and DJK = 0.1030(82) kHz. DFT(B3LYP) and MP2 calculations were performed with aug-cc-pVTZ basis set and the calculated rotational constants compare well with experimentally determined values.
Independent Medical Examinations and Legal Depositions

Work-related injuries are a frequent cause of workplace absence and chronic disability. Worker’s compensation has been developed to protect injured workers and to serve as a method for cost control. In order to adequately assess a patient’s injury, prognosis, and functional status, as well as the injury’s association with the workplace environment, an independent medical examination (IME) is necessary. Several guidelines have been established to assist physicians in performing IMEs in order to ensure thorough medical evaluations. Additionally, the limited relationship that exists between a physician and a patient during an IME is thought to facilitate the objective medical evaluation of a patient. However, this limited relationship has served as a source of controversy due to potential conflicts of interest and questionable physician liability. By appropriately informing and consenting the patient, adhering to established medical guidelines, and utilizing up-to-date evidence-based medicine, a physician can perform an objective and adequate IME.
Abstract WP358: A Population-Based Study of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Outcomes: The BASIC Project

Background: We evaluated 3-month neurologic, functional, cognitive, and quality of life (QOL) outcomes in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) overall, and by sex and ethnicity in a population-based comm...
How Should I Manage My in the Pancreatitis Patients Emergency Department? Who Needs Imaging? Antibiotics? Surgery? Interventional Radiology? ERCP?

The mainstay of treatment for acute pancreatitis is early, aggressive fluid administration and pain control. Antibiotics are not routinely recommended and should be used only if an infection is present or suspected; they should be discontinued if no infectious source is found. Imaging should be reserved for patients in whom the diagnosis is unclear or complications are suspected. Surgical intervention should be delayed if possible. A step-up approach to surgical management has shown some promise in severe pancreatitis patients and may involve interventional radiology for drain placement. A cholecystectomy is recommended for patients with gallstones. ERCP is recommended for patients with signs of biliary obstruction or cholangitis, but it is not recommended routinely.
The Pocket Calculator as a Teaching Aid.

SINCE its first appearance in the market about four years ago, the pocket calculator has quickly become everyone's home tool, as common as the transistor radio or the cassette tape recorder. The increasing vari ety of calculators, combined with their gen erally declining prices, has made them available to more and more people. As a result, even people who previously had no interest in mathematics have begun to ex press an interest in the properties of num bers, the operations with them, and the re lations that exist among them. The stimulation of exploring with these calculators apparently has a psychological effect on people's attitude toward numbers and arithmetic. The boring, time-consum ing, and ever-dreaded use of tables? whether they are the ordinary multi plication tables of elementary school days or the logarithmic and trigonometric tables of high school?suddenly disappears. In stead, one plays with a small, pocket-sized, attractive instrument, operated by the touch of a few keys, and generates answers that appear electronically in the display. Undoubtedly, the introduction of the pocket calculator will bring about a drastic change in the field of elementary computa tions, that is, computations that are too trivial to be processed by a computer, yet
Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty is Superior to Hemiarthroplasty for Cuff Tear Arthropathy with Preserved Motion.

Background: It is unclear whether hemiarthroplasty (HA) or reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RS) are superior for patientswith cuff tear arthropathy (CTA) and preserved preoperative motion (elevation >90˚).Methods: This was a retrospective, single institution study. Patients who underwent RSA or HA for CTA were included ifthey had preserved preoperative motion with a minimum of 2 years of follow-up, or until complication/revision. ShoulderROM and functional outcomes scores were obtained.Results: Twenty-six HAs and 21 RSAs were evaluated at mean of 38.6 months (HA) and 36.3 months (RSA). Patientsin the RSA group were significantly older at surgery (73.9 versus 65.1 years; P=0.003). Postoperatively, the meanchange in active elevation was -15° for HA versus 26° for RSA, with RSA having significantly greater active elevation(153° versus 123°; P=0.01). There were no significant differences in final internal or external rotation between groups.Superior outcomes were seen for RSA versus HA for ASES score (84 vs. 66, P=0.003), Simple Shoulder Test (8.8 vs.7.3, P=0.3), Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (85 vs. 70, P=0.017), and 100mm VAS pain (7 vs. 33, p <0.001).Conclusion: In patients with CTA and preserved preoperative forward elevation, RSA provided greater pain relief,superior functional outcomes, and better ROM compared with HA.Level of evidence: IV
Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and the Metabolic Syndrome

Both observational and interventional studies suggest an important role for physical activity and higher fitness in mitigating the metabolic syndrome. Each component of the metabolic syndrome is, to a certain extent, favorably influenced by interventions that include physical activity. Given that the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its individual components (particularly obesity and insulin resistance) has increased significantly in recent decades, guidelines from various professional organizations have called for greater efforts to reduce the incidence of this condition and its components. While physical activity interventions that lead to improved fitness cannot be expected to normalize insulin resistance, lipid disorders, or obesity, the combined effect of increasing activity on these risk markers, an improvement in fitness, or both, has been shown to have a major impact on health outcomes related to the metabolic syndrome. Exercise therapy is a cost-effective intervention to both prevent and mitigate the impact of the metabolic syndrome, but it remains underutilized. In the current article, an overview of the effects of physical activity and higher fitness on the metabolic syndrome is provided, along with a discussion of the mechanisms underlying the benefits of being more fit or more physically active in the prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome.
The m–equivariant motivic cohomology of Stiefel varieties

We derive a version of the Rothenberg‐Steenrod, fiber-to-base, spectral sequence for cohomology theories represented in model categories of simplicial presheaves. We then apply this spectral sequence to calculate the equivariant motivic cohomology of GLn with a general Gm ‐action; this coincides with the equivariant higher Chow groups. The motivic cohomology of PGLn and some of the equivariant motivic cohomology of a Stiefel variety, Vm.A n /, with a general Gm ‐action is deduced as a corollary.
A new method for quantifying network cyclic structure to improve community detection

A distinguishing property of communities in networks is that cycles are more prevalent within communities than across communities. Thus, the detection of these communities may be aided through the incorporation of measures of the local "richness" of the cyclic structure. In this paper, we introduce renewal non-backtracking random walks (RNBRW) as a way of quantifying this structure. RNBRW gives a weight to each edge equal to the probability that a non-backtracking random walk completes a cycle with that edge. Hence, edges with larger weights may be thought of as more important to the formation of cycles. Of note, since separate random walks can be performed in parallel, RNBRW weights can be estimated very quickly, even for large graphs. We give simulation results showing that pre-weighting edges through RNBRW may substantially improve the performance of common community detection algorithms. Our results suggest that RNBRW is especially efficient for the challenging case of detecting communities in sparse graphs.
Democracy and Its Vulnerabilities: Dynamics of Democratic Backsliding

The puzzle entailed in erosion of democracy by backsliding is how a catastrophic situation can be gradually brought about by steps against which people who would be adversely affected do not react in time. We investigate conditions which render democracy impregnable to backsliding and conditions which make it vulnerable. Democracy is sustainable, free from the threat of backsliding, when opposing politicians are neither very attractive nor very unattractive to citizens. To sustain it, citizens must allow more appealing incumbents to gain some security in office. Backsliding occurs either under "populism," when citizens knowingly consent to erosion of democracy because they find the incumbent highly appealing, or under "polarization," when citizens oppose the incumbent regardless of the attractiveness of the challenger, so that the incumbent can remain in office only by backsliding.
The Long-Run Impacts of Specialized Programming for High-Achieving Students

I evaluate long-run academic impacts of specialized programming for high-achieving students by analyzing Advanced Work Class (AWC), an accelerated curriculum delivered in dedicated classrooms for fourth through sixth graders in Boston Public Schools. Fuzzy regression discontinuity estimates show that AWC has positive yet imprecise impacts on test scores and improves longer-term outcomes, increasing high school graduation and college enrollment. These gains are driven by black and Latino students. An analysis of mechanisms highlights the importance of staying "on track" throughout high school, with little evidence that AWC gains result from peer effects.