cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanism or Myth? Family Plans and the Reproduction of Occupational Gender Segregation

Occupational gender segregation is an obdurate feature of gender inequality in the United States The “family plans thesis”—the belief that women and men deliberately adjust their early career decisions to accommodate their anticipated family roles—is a common theoretical explanation of this segregation in the social sciences and in popular discourse. But do young men and women actually account for their family plans when making occupational choices? This article investigates the validity of this central mechanism of the family plans thesis. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 100 college students at three universities, I find that most women and men report no deliberate consideration of their family plans in their college major or post-graduation career choices. Only a quarter of men accommodate provider role plans in their choice of occupations, and only 7 of 56 women (13 percent) accommodate caregiving plans. Further, men who anticipate a provider role are not typically enrolled in more men-dominated fi...
Conductance in Microcrystalline BbxCx/Si Heterojunction Diodes

Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited boron carbide (B1−xCx) thin films are shown to be a potential electronic material suitable for high temperature devices. The boron carbide films make excellent p-n heterojunction diodes with n-type silicon substrates. The B1−xCx/Si heterojunction diodes are demonstrated to have rectifying properties at temperatures above 200°C and reverse current is strongly dependent on the energy of the band gap of the boron carbide films.
Multifunctional QDs for Molecular Imaging and siRNA Delivery

In this talk, I present a recent development of multifunctional quantum dots for ultrasensitive detections, molecular imaging and traceable drug delivery.
Variation in Clutch Size and Offspring Size Relative to Environmental Conditions in the Lizard Sceloporus virgatus

Fitness of female reptiles often depends on both the number and size of offspring. I examined clutch size (number of fertile eggs) and offspring size relative to maternal body size in the striped plateau lizard, Sceloporus virgatus, under conditions of natural and experimental variation in water and food avail- ability. Under all environmental conditions, larger females produced more offspring. In the year with higher levels of precipitation, path analysis indicated a direct positive effect of maternal size on offspring size and a significant trade-off between offspring size and number. Similar nonsignificant trends were found in a year of severe drought. During the drought, females of S. virgatus produced relatively small clutches of large offspring. Food supplementation during the period preceding and including ovulation removed the effect of drought on clutch size and offspring size. Food-supplemented females produced relatively large clutches of small offspring.
The use of the CNDO method in spectroscopy

The Pariser approximation for the two center Coulomb repulsion integrals Γ rshas been replaced by the Nishimoto-Mataga approximation in the original CNDO/S method. This modification has significantly improved the calculated position of the benzene 1 B 1u ←1 A 1g(1 L a ) electronic transition in benzenoid compounds. The calculation of transition moments of n — π * transitions is also considered. These moments vanish formally in any theory employing the ZDO approximation since integrals of the form 〈2s¦er2p〉 vanish even when the 2s and 2p atomic orbitals are on the same center. In this work the ZDO approximation is abandoned in the evaluation of the electronic transition moment resulting in calculated intensities for n — π *, 1W←1A, transitions which are in good agreement with experiment.
Nonlinear and dispersion measurements in air-core photonic band-gap fiber

Our measurements of a low-loss, air-core photonic band-gap fiber show that the effective non-linearity of the fundamental mode is 1000 times less than that of a classical step-index fiber. The dispersion in the bandgap is primarily anomalous and significantly large. This fiber supports solitons with peak power exceeding 2 MW.
Effect of Chemical Irritation of the Peritoneum on Transmural Migration of Intestinal Organisms

SummaryChemical peritonitis induced by repeated injections of monolate or gum-tragacanth in rabbits and dogs results in the appearance of E. coli in pure culture, in small to moderate numbers, in the inflamed peritoneum. Once this contamination is established, it continues for some time after the injections are discontinued. Eventually all cultures are sterile.By exclusion of all other possible sources of contamination of the inflamed peritoneum, it appears that the E. coli found in the peritoneal exudate is derived from the intestinal lumen by transmural migration.
Granulicatella elegans endocarditis: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.

A 63-year-old man with a history of non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy presented with acute worsening of heart failure and septic shock. Echocardiogram revealed a large aortic valve vegetation with new onset severe aortic incompetence. Blood cultures grew Granulicatella elegans, for which antimicrobial sensitivities could not be carried out in our lab. Despite antibiotic therapy and aggressive care, the patient9s clinical condition worsened and he died. G. elegans, previously grouped under nutrient variant streptococci (NVS), is an extremely rare cause for bacterial infective endocarditis (IE). Unlike with the Viridans group, IE caused by NVS has a very poor outcome and higher mortality rate. The difficulty in isolation of the bacteria in culture, inability to reliably measure antibiotic susceptibility in vitro, frequent treatment failure and complications such as multivalvular involvement, make this an extremely challenging infection to treat. Early detection of the organism, appropriate antibiotics and early surgical management when indicated, are key to management.
PPARγ Modulation of Cytokine-Stimulated MUC16 (CA125) Expression in Breast and Ovarian Cancer-Derived Cells.

CA125 is serum tumor marker consisting of an epitope carried by a portion of the extremely large (>3 MDa), heavily glycosylated cell surface transmembrane mucin, MUC16. In malignancies, membrane bound mucins lose their polarized distribution, become aberrantly over-expressed and protect tumor cells from the actions of chemotherapeutic agents as well as the immune system. Previously, we described stimulation of MUC16 expression by the proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interferon γ (IFNγ), in breast and ovarian cancer cells and tissues. Herein, we show that PPARγ modulates cytokine-stimulated MUC16 in a complex manner: at low concentrations ( 20 µM) rosiglitazone antagonizes cytokine stimulation. Rosiglitazone actions were fully reversible by the PPARγ antagonist, GW9662. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated PPARγ knockdown also prevented a large portion of high dose rosiglitazone suppression of MUC16 expression indicating that rosiglitazone inhibition is largely PPARγ-dependent. Cytokines greatly (>75%) suppressed PPARγ expression. Conversely, PPARγ activation by rosiglitazone at either low or high concentrations greatly (>75%) suppressed NFκB/p65 expression. NFκB/p65 expression was largely preserved in the presence of cytokines at low, but not high, rosiglitazone concentrations accounting for the different concentration dependent effects on MUC16 expression. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that PPARγ is an important modulator of MUC16 expression. The ability to deliver high doses of PPARγ agonists to MUC16-expressing tumors offers an avenue to reduce expression of this protective glycoprotein and increase tumor sensitivity to killing by chemotherapeutic drugs and the immune system. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 163-171, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Nuts and Bolts of Immunoglobulin Treatment for Antibody Deficiency

Immunoglobulin therapy is a key element in the management of most patients with primary immunodeficiency disease. Allergist/immunologists should be familiar with the appropriate evaluation of candidates for immunoglobulin, the characteristics of immunoglobulin products, and how to use them to provide the best care to their patients. Available immunoglobulin products appear to be equally efficacious, but they are not interchangeable. Minimizing the risk of serious adverse events and controlling minor side effects is important to ideal patient care. Immunoglobulin may be administered intravenously or subcutaneously. Individualizing the choice of immunoglobulin product, mode of administration, and site of care can optimize the clinical outcome and minimize the burden of care.
Nectin-like 4 Complexes with Choline Transporter-like Protein-1 and Regulates Schwann Cell Choline Homeostasis and Lipid Biogenesis in Vitro .

Nectin-like 4 (NECL4, CADM4) is a Schwann cell-specific cell adhesion molecule that promotes axo-glial interactions. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that NECL4 is necessary for proper peripheral nerve myelination. However, the molecular mechanisms that are regulated by NECL4 and affect peripheral myelination currently remain unclear. We used an in vitro approach to begin identifying some of the mechanisms that could explain NECL4 function. Using mass spectrometry and Western blotting techniques, we have identified choline transporter-like 1 (CTL1) as a putative complexing partner with NECL4. We show that intracellular choline levels are significantly elevated in NECL4-deficient Schwann cells. The analysis of extracellular d9-choline uptake revealed a deficit in the amount of d9-choline found inside NECL4-deficient Schwann cells, suggestive of either reduced transport capabilities or increased metabolization of transported choline. An extensive lipidomic screen of choline derivatives showed that total phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol (but not diacylglycerol or sphingomyelin) are significantly elevated in NECL4-deficient Schwann cells, particularly specific subspecies of phosphatidylcholine carrying very long polyunsaturated fatty acid chains. Finally, CTL1-deficient Schwann cells are significantly impaired in their ability to myelinate neurites in vitro. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a bona fide cell adhesion molecule, NECL4, regulating choline homeostasis and lipid biogenesis. Phosphatidylcholines are major myelin phospholipids, and several phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol species are known to regulate key aspects of peripheral myelination. Furthermore, the biophysical properties imparted to plasma membranes are regulated by fatty acid chain profiles. Therefore, it will be important to translate these in vitro observations to in vivo studies of NECL4 and CTL1-deficient mice.
Ovarian features in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns and does.

The knowledge about ovarian reserve is essential to determine the reproductive potential and to improve the methods of fertility control for overpopulated species, such as white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of age on the female reproductive tract of white-tailed deer, focusing on ovarian features. Genital tracts from 8 prepubertal and 10 pubertal females were used to characterize the preantral follicle population and density, morphology, distribution of follicular classes; stromal cell density; and apoptosis in the ovary. In addition, uterus and ovary weights and dimensions were recorded; and the number and the size of antral follicles and corpus luteum in the ovary were quantified. Overall, fawns had a greater (P 0.05) between the ovaries of fawns and does. However, apoptotic ovarian cells negatively (P < 0.001) affected the preantral follicle morphology and density, and conversely, a positive correlation was observed with stromal cell density. As expected, the uteri and ovaries were larger (P < 0.002) and heavier (P < 0.001) in does than in fawns. In conclusion, this study has shown, for the first time, the preantral follicle population and distribution of classes, rate of morphologically normal follicles, and density of preantral follicles and stromal cells in white- tailed deer. Therefore, the findings herein described lead to a better understanding of the white-tailed deer ovarian biology, facilitating the development of new methods of fertility control.
Pulling oneself up by the hair: understanding Nietzsche on freedom

AbstractReading Nietzsche’s many remarks on freedom and free will, we face a dilemma. On the one hand, Nietzsche levels vehement attacks against the idea of the freedom of the will in several places throughout his writing. On the other hand, he frequently describes the sorts of people he admires as ‘free’ in various respects, as ‘free spirits’, or as in possession of a ‘free will’. So does Nietzsche think that we are or perhaps could be free, or not? I argue that we ought to read these seemingly conflicting claims as part of one unified project, which is to try to understand what true freedom would look like. Nietzsche’s attacks on ‘free will’, I suggest, are not intended to establish that we are not free, but rather to show that a certain tempting picture of freedom is confused and totally inadequate for purpose. The positive half of Nietzsche’s project, then, should be read as his attempt to do a better job – to provide an account of freedom that better articulates what we were trying, via the confused ...
Tumor progression locus 2 inhibits regulatory T cell development and immunosuppressive functions (LYM8P.640)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a specialized subset of immunosuppressive T cells that function to maintain peripheral tolerance. We previously demonstrated that the serine-threonine kinase, tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2, also designated Cot/Map3k8), regulates TCR signaling and inflammatory cytokine secretion in CD4 + T cells. Herein, we demonstrate that Tpl2 is preferentially expressed by Tregs and regulates their development and functions. Tpl2 -/- mice exhibited increased proportions of thymic natural Tregs (nTregs) as well as peripheral splenic Tregs, in vivo . Enhanced Treg development was due to a T cell autonomous defect, since Treg development from tpl2 -/- naive T cells cultured in vitro was similarly enhanced, and peripheral Treg proportions were also increased within the tpl2 -/- donor compartment of mixed bone marrow chimeras. This defect depended upon TCR signal strength and was enhanced at low antigen concentrations. Importantly, tpl2 -/- Tregs had increased expression of the immunosupressive cytokines, IL-10 and IL-35, and provided better protection than wild-type Tregs in vivo in a T cell transfer model of colitis. These results demonstrate that Tpl2 has an important physiological role in limiting Foxp3 expression, Treg development and functions. Therefore, Tpl2 inhibition could potentially be used to deviate pathological immune responses in a variety of autoimmune diseases towards a protective, tolerogenic response through preferential Treg induction.
Development of an LC-MS/MS peptide mapping protocol for the NISTmAb

Peptide mapping is a component of the analytical toolbox used within the biopharmaceutical industry to aid in the identity confirmation of a protein therapeutic and to monitor degradative events such as oxidation or deamidation. These methods offer the advantage of providing site-specific information regarding post-translational and chemical modifications that may arise during production, processing or storage. A number of such variations may also be induced by the sample preparation methods themselves which may confound the ability to accurately evaluate the true modification levels. One important focus when developing a peptide mapping method should therefore be the use of sample preparation conditions that will minimize the degree of artificial modifications induced. Unfortunately, the conditions that are amenable to effective reduction, alkylation and digestion are often the same conditions that promote unwanted modifications. Here we describe the optimization of a tryptic digestion protocol used for peptide mapping of the NISTmAb IgG1κ which addresses the challenge of balancing maximum digestion efficiency with minimum artificial modifications. The parameters on which we focused include buffer concentration, digestion time and temperature, as well as the source and type of trypsin (recombinant vs. pancreatic; bovine vs porcine) used. Using the optimized protocol we generated a peptide map of the NISTmAb which allowed us to confirm its identity at the level of primary structure.
Task-Centered Activities as an Approach to Data Collection in Research with Children and Youth

Abstract Children and youth are important populations for research and practice in library and information science. However, comparatively little research has been conducted that directly engages with the perspectives of these groups, particularly when children younger than school age are considered. Task-centered activities, a type of data collection method used in the field of childhood studies, offer a means of conducting research with children and youth in a manner that builds on their strengths and competencies. Specific examples of task-centered activities include arts-based approaches; photography; drama, play, and games; child-led tours; diaries; and participatory activities. The benefits and limitations of these activities are explored, as well as their prior and potential application in library and information science.
Acetic acid hydrodeoxygenation on molybdenum carbide catalysts

As-synthesized molybdenum carbide shows >98% selectivity (deoxygenated products) and stable chemical conversion for >30 h time-on-stream after an initial deactivation period of ∼9 h for vapor phase hydrodeoxygenation of acetic acid at a low temperature (403 K) and atmospheric pressure. Space–time variation studies show acetaldehyde as a primary unstable product, ethanol as a secondary unstable product, and ethyl acetate and ethylene as secondary stable products suggesting a sequential reaction pathway for acetic acid deoxygenation on Mo2C. The concurrent half and zero-order dependence of acetic acid HDO rates on H2 and acetic acid pressure, respectively, suggests that catalytic sites for H2 activation are distinct from those required for the activation of acetic acid consistent with prior reports for deoxygenation of aromatic ethers and alcohols. Catalyst surface evolution by oxygen (O : Mobulk ∼ 0.3) and carbon (C : Mobulk ∼ 0.1) deposition from the reactant oxygenate was noted using temperature programmed surface reaction (TPSR) with hydrogen post reaction. Higher O*/Mo deposition with acetic acid in reference to H2O, CO2, and aromatic ethers at similar oxygenate pressures suggests that the identity of the oxygenate determines its proficiency for heteroatom deposition on fresh carbidic materials. Catalytic site densities were estimated via in situ titration using 2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid (DMPA) as a reagent to calculate a turnover frequency (TOF) of (9 ± 1) × 10−4 mol s−1 molDMPA−1. The X-ray diffraction patterns and X-ray photoelectron spectra of passivated Mo2C catalyst samples before and after acetic acid reaction indicate the presence of a carbide/oxycarbide phase, even though the bulk structure of orthorhombic β-Mo2C is retained.
Nucleon Mean-Free Path In Nuclear Matter

The mean-free path (m.f.p.) λ of a nucleon in nuclear matter (NM) is one of the fundamental characteristics of NM. Directly related to λ is the imaginary part W of the nuclear optical potential (λ ~ 1/W). There exist numerous calculations of W in NM (see, e.g., refs. 1-3) and references therein), which start from the NN interaction and lead to results for both the real and imaginary parts, V and W, of the optical potential. Calculations of this type are complicated since they involve the whole machinery of the many-body theory. In the case of V, this appears unavoidable. If however, one is interested only in W (and λ), one may follow a much simpler procedure which goes back to the early paper by Lane and Wandel 4), and relate W and λ directly to the NN cross section σ.
Survey of Neonatal and Infant Disease in Macaca nemestrina

Expanding use of nonhuman primates as animal models for human disease requires a more thorough understanding of the natural disease spectrum of each species used in research. Anver et al. (1973) described the major pathological findings in neonates of nine species at the New England Regional Primate Research Center. The present report describes the major pathological findings in 63 pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina) perinates, neonates and infants at the Infant Primate Research Laboratory of the Child Development and Mental Retardation Center and the Regional Primate Research Center at the University of Washington between 1973 and 1977. The animals were between 1 day and 1 year old at death.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Surgeon’s View

Conventional surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) via a traditional sternotomy with cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamping has been the only therapeutic option for patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and, hence, the gold standard for treatment. With the introduction of minimally invasive SAVR, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), and now combined hybrid surgical-transcatheter approaches, alternative therapies for the complex AS patient are available. Furthermore, the ability to better evaluate this population and guide procedures using multimodality imaging has developed. Many challenges remain, but it is clear that with a multidisciplinary approach that includes the collaboration of cardiac surgeons, interventionalists, and imaging specialists, care to this challenging patient population will continue to evolve.
Empathy, Empathy Training and the Regulation of Aggression in Elementary School Children

The rationale to develop a psychoeducational program to train aggressive children in empathic skills for the purpose of regulating aggressive behavior and promoting positive social behavior grew out of a long-standing research interest and program concerned with the structure and functions of empathy (N. Feshbach & Roe, 1968; N. Feshbach, 1975, 1978, 1982). The Empathy Training Program, the main focus of this presentation, was designed in conjunction with a series of field studies carried out in a number of elementary schools in Los Angeles (Feshbach & Feshbach, 1977; N. Feshbach, 1980).
Combined regulation of ornithine and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylases by spermine and the spermine analogue N1 N12-bis(ethyl)spermine.

In the present study, the spermine (SPM) analogue N1N12-bis(ethyl)spermine (BESPM) is compared with SPM in its ability to regulate ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) activities in intact L1210 cells and in the mechanism(s) by which this is accomplished. Unlike the comparable spermidine (SPD) analogue N1N8-bis(ethyl)spermidine, which regulates only ODC, BESPM suppresses both ODC and AdoMetDC activities. With 1 microM-SPM or -BESPM, near-maximal suppression of enzyme activity (i.e. less than 70%) was achieved after 2 h for ODC and 12 h for AdoMetDC. After such treatment, ODC activity fully recovered within 2-4 h, and that of AdoMetDC within 12 h, when cells were reseeded into drug-free media. It was deduced that an intracellular accumulation of BESPM or SPM equivalent to only approximately 200-450 pmol/10(6) cells was sufficient to fully invoke ODC regulatory mechanisms. Decreases in both enzyme activities after BESPM or SPM treatment were closely paralleled by concomitant decreases in the amount of enzyme protein. Since cellular ODC or AdoMetDC mRNA was not similarly decreased by either BESPM or SPM treatment, it was concluded that translational and/or post-translational mechanisms were probably responsible for enzyme regulation. In support of the former of these possibilities, it was demonstrated that both BESPM and SPM preferentially inhibited the translation in vitro of ODC and AdoMetDC relative to albumin in a reticulocyte-lysate system. On the basis of the consistent similarities between BESPM and SPM in all parameters studied, it is concluded that the analogue most likely acts by mechanisms identical with those by which SPM acts in suppressing polyamine biosynthesis.
The Social Psychology of the Moral Identity

For some time, psychologists have been studying the relationship between moral reasoning and moral behavior. A growing body of research insists that a moral identity rather than moral reasoning is crucial to understanding moral functioning. However, despite the interest in moral identity, there is no general theory that helps us understand this identity, or more generally, the moral self. In this chapter, I discuss the well-established control systems approach of identity theory to show how different aspects of the moral self: one’s moral identity, moral behavior, and moral emotions are linked in a logical and coherent way. I conceptualize social actors as self-regulating moral entities whose goal is to verify their moral identities. When moral identity verification does not ensue, moral emotions arise and motivate individuals to behave differently in order to produce outcomes that will better accomplish moral identity verification. I also discuss how we can theoretically understand the moral identity given the various other identities individuals claim.
Some Uses and Implications of Advaita Vedānta’s Doctrine of Māyā

As Professor T. R. V. Murti has observed in his Central Philosophy of Buddhism, an absolutism, whether it be that of Mādhyamika Buddhism, Advaita Vedānta, or F. H. Bradley, makes a distinction between an ultimately real realm (the Absolute) and a merely pragmatically real realm (the world of our veridical ordinary experience), thus entailing a doctrine of ‘two truths’ and a theory of illusion.1 Most scholars who direct their attention to the Claims of an absolutistic philosophy are concerned either with the task of attempting to explicate, to clarify these Claims — to determine what they ‘really mean’ — or else of detecting the logical error that, in their estimation, could have given rise to such foolishness. Fewer have exercised themselves with the equally important task of treating absolutistic Claims in a philosophical way, drawing philosophical implications from them, and then dealing philosophically with these implications. It is this latter approach that I propose to take to Advaita’s doctrine of māyā.
Forging a Future of Better Cardiovascular Health: Addressing Childhood Obesity

This paper describes ongoing National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)-initiated childhood obesity research. It calls on clinicians, researchers, and cardiologists to work with other healthcare providers, community agencies, schools and caregivers to foster better cardiovascular health in children by intervening on multiple levels of influence on childhood obesity.
Echocardiographic indices and severity of mitral regurgitation in dogs with preclinical degenerative mitral valve disease.

Background Describing severity of mitral regurgitation (MR) in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) is challenging. Hypothesis/objectives Mitral regurgitant fraction (RF), effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA), and the ratio of mitral regurgitant to aortic flow (QMR :QAo ) can be calculated from routine echocardiographic measurements and provide additional information regarding MR severity. Animals Fifty-seven dogs with preclinical DMVD including 36 without and 21 with cardiomegaly. Methods Prospective observational study. The expected relationships among RF, EROA, and QMR :QAo and 1-dimensional measurements including left atrium to aortic root diameter ratio (LA:Ao) and normalized left ventricular internal dimension at end-diastole (LVIDdN) were mathematically derived and calculated using echocardiographic data from the study population. Nonlinear goodness of fit was determined by calculation of the root mean standard error. The correlations between 1-dimensional and multidimensional indices were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curves. Results The relationships among RF, EROA, QMR :QAo , and both LA:Ao and LVIDdN were curvilinear, and the multidimensional indices differentiated MR of variable severity. By contrast, 1-dimensional measurements were insensitive to MR severity until RF equaled or exceeded 50%. Regurgitant fraction ≥50%, EROA to body surface area ≥0.347 and QMR :QAo ≥0.79 were strongly associated with LA:Ao ≥1.6 and LVIDdN ≥1.7. Conclusions and clinical importance Regurgitant fraction, EROA, and QMR :QAo quantify MR severity in dogs with preclinical DMVD in a manner that 1-dimensional measurements do not.
Parent Awareness of Smartphone Use and Its Health Impact

Smartphones remain one of primary devices of choice for communication for many people. For children ages 10–12 this is especially true. These devices are used daily and for some multiple hours each day. As more applications are made available, it becomes increasingly difficult for children to minimize their screen time. This study aims to assess whether there are differences in what parents believe about smartphone use and what the child reported. Thirty-two children, ages 10–12, and one parent per child completed a questionnaire regarding smartphone use. Findings show parents are unaware of the total hours of use and the impact of smartphones on the health of children. Such information is important as screen time is not limited to home but is also increasingly expanding in the classroom. As well, the age of first time users continues to decrease.
Getting to the Heart of the Matter: A Triage Model to Improve Utilization of Cardiology Consultative Services.

Abstract Objective To assess the impact of a triage system of emergency department (ED) referrals for outpatient cardiology appointments. Patient and Methods We implemented a triage system of ED referrals for outpatient cardiology appointments among patients with a cardiovascular chief complaint deemed safe to leave the ED but needing outpatient follow-up. There were 303 and 267 unique patients in the pre–triage implementation and post–triage implementation cohorts, respectively. We collected retrospective billing data to assess ED return visits, hospitalizations, cardiology outpatient visits, and cardiovascular testing. The pre–triage implementation cohort included patients with an ED visit date between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2014. The post–triage implementation cohort included patients with an ED visit date between July 1, 2015, and June 30, 2016. Results The triage model reduced the number of ED-referred cardiovascular service appointments by 73.0% (195 of 267 patients). Additionally, the “no-show” rate for appointments decreased from 17.8% (54 of 303 patients) to 7.9% (21 of 267 patients). There was no increase in ED return visits or unplanned hospitalizations in the posttriage cohort. Finally, the triage model was not associated with an increase in resource-intensive cardiovascular testing (eg, imaging stress tests or computed tomography). Conclusion Triage of ED referrals for outpatient cardiovascular service appointments reduced cardiology appointment utilization with no impact on return ED visits, hospitalizations, or cardiovascular testing.
When using two patient identifiers is not enough with CPAP therapy.

Citation:Begum J, Skiba V. When using two patient identifiers is not enough with CPAP therapy. J Clin Sleep Med. 2020;16(4):639–642.
Chapter Thirteen – Biomarkers in Glomerular Disease

Glomerular diseases are an important cause of end stage renal disease and other morbidities. Important findings are beginning to shed light on new ways to obtain diagnostic and prognostic information to aid in treatment. Some of the most promising candidate markers are for prediction of outcome in patients with membranous nephropathy, diagnosis of FSGS, diagnosis of children with nephrotic syndrome, and prediction of progression in IgA nephropathy. Proteomic discovery techniques provide an opportunity to identify novel candidate markers but will likely need to take advantage of newer technologies. The majority of markers tested so far have originated in urine. Future studies should focus on larger studies to validate candidate markers. For many glomerular diseases, currently existing markers will probably not be sufficient and novel biomarkers will need to be found.
Parents’ use of number talk with young children: Comparing methods, family factors, activity contexts, and relations to math skills

Abstract Variability in children's early math skills may stem from differences in experienced math learning opportunities at home. Previous studies have quantified math-learning opportunities at home through engagement with math-related activities or exposure to number talk during parent-child conversations, but little is known about how specific activities relate to talk about math. The current study aims to explore how math activities and number talk occur at home and understand how these associations may vary across different types of families. Number talk was quantified for 97 parent-child dyads during in-lab and in-home play sessions. Results show that time spent in math-related activities during home observations was related to parent reports of math activities as well as parent number talk at home and in the lab. Interestingly, during non-math-related activities, we found that parents with higher education levels and parents of boys used more number talk than parents with lower education levels and parents of girls. During math-related activities, however, no such educational or gender differences were seen in number talk. These results highlight the importance of considering the contextual influences and constraints that affect children's opportunities for learning math, especially when designing interventions to increase math learning in families’ homes.
Tracking Thought Squirrels: A Relational Cultural Theoretical Approach to Counseling Couples:

Relational-Cultural Theory (RCT) describes the process of connection and disconnection that is inevitable in relationship. Understanding how we can navigate and recover from connection and disconne...
Internalized weight stigma and intuitive eating among stressed adults during a mindful yoga intervention: associations with changes in mindfulness and self-compassion

Internalized weight stigma (IWS) is common in the United States of America across body weight categories, and is implicated in the development of distress and unhealthy eating behaviors (e.g. overe...
Computer simulation and interpretation of45Ca efflux profile patterns

Stimulations or inhibitions by various agents of45Ca efflux from prelabeled cells or tissues display distinct and reproducible profile patterns when the results are plotted against time as fractional efflux ratios (FER). FER is the fractional efflux of45Ca from stimulated cells divided by the fractional efflux from a control unstimulated group. These profile patterns fall into three categories: peak patterns, exponential patterns, and mixed patterns. Each category can be positive (stimulation) or negative (inhibition). The interpretation of these profiles is difficult because45Ca efflux depends on three variables: the rate of calcium transport out of the cell, the specific activity of the cell compartment from which the calcium originates, and the concentration of free calcium in this compartment. A computer model based on data obtained by kinetic analyses of45Ca desaturation curves and consisting of two distinct intracellular pools was designed to follow the concentration of the traced substance (40Ca), the tracer (45Ca), and the specific activity of each compartment before, during, and after the stimulation or the inhibition of calcium fluxes at various pool boundaries. The computer model can reproduce all the FER profiles obtained experimentally and bring information which may be helpful to the interpretation of this type of data. Some predictions of the model were tested experimentally, and the results support the views that a peak pattern may reflect a sustained change in calcium transport across the plasma membrane, that an exponential pattern arises from calcium mobilization from an internal subcellular pool, and that a mixed pattern may be caused by a simultaneous change in calcium fluxes at both compartment boundaries.
Perennialism and Weediness in the Saccharinae

The apparent contrast in demands for sustainability and productivity in modern agriculture may be reconcilable via the genetic difference in degree between perennialism and weediness. Effective use of genomic tools may soon allow precise metering of the genetic components required to ensure perennial life status, minimize weediness, and maximize crop yields. The Saccharinae includes both model genomic species and leading food, feed, forage, fuel, and industrial crops upon which translational technologies can be evaluated and deployed. In particular, a balance between the high agricultural productivity demanded in order to minimize land requirements and perennial growth habits necessary to ensure sustainable cropping systems is sought.
Effects of Sex and Estrogen on Behavioral Sensitization to Cocaine in Rats

Estrogen rapidly enhances dopamine (DA) activity in the striatum and nucleus accumbens as well as behavioral responses to psychomotor stimulants in female rats but not males. This experiment was conducted to investigate the role of pulsatile estrogen treatment on and sex differences in the development and expression of sensitization of cocaine-induced rotational behavior in rats with unilateral striatal DA denervation. Four groups were tested: ovariectomized (OVX) females treated with 5 μg of estradiol benzoate (OVX+E), OVX females, castrated (CAST) males, and intact males. Animals received estrogen or vehicle 30 min before cocaine (0, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg, i.p.) on 4 consecutive days, followed by 3 d without treatment for 3 weeks. At the conclusion of the experiment, animals were withdrawn from hormone and/or cocaine for 10 d, and all groups underwent a challenge test with 10 mg/kg cocaine. We report here that OVX+E females exhibit significantly greater sensitization of rotational behavior with a faster rate of sensitization than the three other groups. There is also a sex difference independent of gonadal hormones: OVX females exhibit a greater magnitude of sensitization of rotational behavior than do CAST males at 20 mg/kg cocaine. Furthermore, on the challenge test, OVX+E animals tested without estrogen treatment continue to exhibit greater rotational behavior than do all other groups. Thus, estrogen enhances sensitization to cocaine, there are sex differences in behavioral sensitization, and sensitization that develops under conditions with estrogen persists even when estrogen levels are low.
Magnetic Fields in the Accretion Disks of Cataclysmic Variables

The radial transport of magnetic flux in CV accretion disks is considered. Turbulent diffusion in a disk with finite outer radius R d leads to decay of large-scale magnetic fields, as magnetic flux can leak out at the outer edge of the disk. Numerical computations of the decay rate and magnetic structure are presented. It is shown that the decay time is of order R d /(α C S ), significantly shorter than the accretion time, R d /| v r | (here C S is the sound speed at the outer edge of the disk and α is the viscosity parameter). Centrifugally driven winds may be possible from the outer parts of the disk provided there exist efficient dynamo processes which regenerate the field.
Forests as public playgrounds in America

(1935). Forests as public playgrounds in America. Scottish Geographical Magazine: Vol. 51, No. 6, pp. 363-365.
Pathology of Malignant Melanoma

The purpose of this monograph is to provide a highly practical approach to the histopathologic diagnosis of melanoma of the skin and its differential diagnosis. Emphasis is placed not only on the major forms of conventional melanoma but also on unusual and rare variants that are difficult to recognize. (1–342)
Computational Approaches to Design and Evaluation of Chemical Sensing Materials

Materials for use as chemical sensors may be evaluated and selected with computational and experimental approaches. Computational methods have focused on developing fundamental electronic and atomic level descriptions of materials to insight into chemical interactions between targeted analytes and sensing materials. Computational methods also include use of statistical and computational approaches to characterize measured and experimentally observed analyte-sensing material interactions and sensing material responses to the presence of analyte. In the following chapter, we have provided an overview of various approaches that have been used to investigate and select chemical sensing materials.
Lindemann Melting Law: Anharmonic correction and test of its validity for minerals

High-pressure experimental data are used to evaluate the validity of the Lindemann melting criterion for minerals. Because anharmonicity can be significant at the high temperatures associated with melting, leading order anharmonic contributions to the mean-square atomic vibrations have been included in the present lattice dynamical formulation of the Lindemann criterion. The parameters required in this Lindemann expression can be determined from an inversion of thermodynamic data so that a direct comparison with experimental melting data can be made without resort to model potentials. In general, we find that although atomic vibrations can be significantly anharmonic near the melting point, the shape of the melting curve predicted from the Lindemann criterion is not much influenced by anharmonicity. We demonstrate that the Lindemann expression is inconsistent with experimental melting data for a variety of substances, particularly at low pressures. In some cases (argon, sodium chloride and potassium chloride), the melting slopes observed at high pressures are consistent with a Lindemann expression. In general, we find that a Lindemann criterion is not an adequate description of the melting behavior of minerals. Therefore, an application of the Lindemann law to obtain the melting temperatures of minerals at high pressures, and to determine the fusion curve of the earth's deep interior is, at present, speculative.
The Neocomian boundaries of the Tethyan Realm based on the distribution of ammonites

An attempt is made to indicate the various positions of the boundary between the Tethyan and Boreal realms on ammonite distributions from the Berriasian to the Barremian inclusive. It appears that during the Berriasian there was a unique situation that the Tethyan Realm, based on the distribution of ammonites, constituted the whole of the world-ocean with the sole exception of a small Arctic Ocean basin. This boundary shifted markedly southwards during the Valanginian. During the Neocomian the Tethyan faunal realm can be divided into a Mediterranean Faunal Region and an East Pacific Faunal Region. It is still premature to divide these regions into faunal provinces; some are mentioned informally. The development of an Austral Province in the Hauterivian and Barremian is discussed.
Gender differences in cocaine use and treatment response

Much of our understanding of treatment efficacy in drug abuse is based on male drug abusers. In order to determine if there are gender differences in baseline drug use and treatment response, we compared male and female cocaine abusers who participated in an outpatient randomized clinical trial (RCT) evaluating pharmacotherapies for cocaine abuse. Although females had more severe drug problems at intake, they were as successful as males in the RCT and more successful at 6-month follow-up.
Measurement of the Ruderman-Kittel interaction in tungsten.

The strength of the Ruderman-Kittel exchange interaction which couples nearest-neighbor $^{183}\mathrm{W}$ nuclei in tungsten metal is measured by using a pulsed NMR technique. By measuring the frequency of the ``slow beats'' in the spin-echo amplitude, the strength of the coupling is found to be J/(2\ensuremath{\pi})=81\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1 Hz. The field gradients necessary for the appearance of the slow beats are produced by trace amounts of paramagnetic impurities in the tungsten samples. This sensitivity to trace impurities is a consequence of the smallness of the magnetic moment of $^{183}\mathrm{W}$.
TH-A-BRCD-01: Electron Radiotherapy: Past, Present, and Future.

Purpose:Delivery constraints on monitor units (MUs) are not currently considered during optimization of intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) planning in our treatment planning system (TPS). This may result in differences between the delivered and ideally optimized dose distributions. The purpose of this study is to develop a deliverable optimization algorithm incorporating MU constraints (DOMU) in IMPT treatment planning and evaluate its clinical applicability. Methods: A novel objective formula was incorporated with the limited‐memory Broyden‐Fletcher‐Goldfarb‐Shannon (L‐BFGS) algorithm to directly optimize the deliverable IMPT plan with minimum MU constraint (0.005 MUs per spot). Treatment plans for a homogeneous phantom were generated for different spot spacings, using optimization without MU constraints and post‐processing (OMPP) and DOMU. A treatment plan for a head‐neck cancer patient prescribed to 63 Gy was also designed with DOMU using different spot spacings. For all plans, the dose‐volume‐histograms (DVHs) were analyzed to evaluate the benefits of the DOMU. Results: For the regular shaped homogeneous phantom, only the plan generated by OMPP using 5mm spacing showed pronounced dose distortion compared to ideally optimized dose. Plan using 7mm spacing still produced accepted target coverage. For the patient study, plans generated by OMPP using both 5mm and 7mm spacing displayed significant dose distortion and unacceptable target coverage. The dose covering 99% of the target volume was 60.2 Gy and 61.7 Gy for 5mm and 7mm spot spacing plans generated by DOMU, an increase of 18.8 Gy and 18.4 Gy compared with plans generated by OMPP. The parotid sparing of DOMU generated plans in 5 mm spot spacing was significantly better than that in 7 mm spot spacing indicating the importance of using smaller spacing to improve the IMPT quality. Conclusion: The DOMU algorithm, which incorporates the minimum MU constraints into the optimization, can reduce the dos distortion caused by post‐processing process and achieve the optimum delivereddose.
Transgenic superoxide dismutase mice differ in opioid-induced analgesia

Autoradiographic data from transgenic mice carrying the human Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase gene demonstrate an increase in mu-opioid receptor concentration in dopaminergic-related areas and the central grey area. The relative potencies of mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptor agonists to induce antinociception in heterozygous and homozygous superoxide dismutase transgenic mice as well as four inbred strains were assessed to determine the functional significance of the increased receptor concentration. Increased superoxide dismutase activity results in an increased sensitivity to mu-agonists in a gene dosage-dependent manner. SOD/Tg/hom mice were less sensitive to the delta-agonist than were SOD/Tg/het mice. The superoxide dismutase transgene did not affect kappa-opioid receptor agonist sensitivity. These data suggest that delta-opioid receptors are not regulated in the same manner as mu-opioid receptors and that kappa-opioid receptors are unaffected by superoxide dismutase activity.
Applied Linear Optimal Control: Examples and Alogrithms

Preface 1. Static estimation 2. Random processes 3. Dynamic estimation - filters 4. Dynamic estimation - smoothers 5. LQ SFB follower-controllors 6. LQG follower-controllers 7. Smoothers for controlled plants 8. Time-invariant filters 9. Time-invariant LQ SFB follower-controllers 10. Time-invariant LQG follower-controllers 11. Worst case controllers 12. Robust TI LQG controllers Appendices References Index.
High Precision Transport Properties of Cylinders by the Boundary Element Method

In this work we apply the boundary element method to obtain very precise computations of the hydrodynamic transport properties for rectangular, sphero, and open cylinders. This work numerically sol...