cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting perceptions of workplace sexual harassment

This study investigated several variables that determine how one interprets another's behavior as sexually harassing in ambiguous situations. Data were collected from 1234 male and female graduate and undergraduate student subjects who responded to 24 versions of a vignette describing an interaction between a male and female who worked for the same firm (2×3×2×2 design). Variables manipulated included (1) amount of prior socializing of the man and woman; (2) job status (peer coworker, direct supervisor, executive) of harasser; (3) verbal versus touching behavior; and (4) physical setting (at computer terminal or happy hour). Results revealed several main effects such that a male's potentially harassing behavior toward a female was evaluated more negatively (1) when the pair had not previously socialized, (2) when the harasser was a supervisor or executive, (3) when it involved verbal comments, and (4) when the behavior occurred in a work (versus social) setting. Additional analysis revealed that, contrary to previous studies, there were no male–female differences among respondents in evaluations of behavior as harassing.
Three-dimensional representations for computer graphics and computer vision

Representing complex three-dimensional objects in a computer involves more than just evaluating its display capabilities. Other factors are the uses and costs of the representation, what operations can be performed on it and, ultimately, how useful it is for computer recognition or description or three-dimensional objects. Many of the questions which are posed arise from the joint consideration of computer graphics and computer vision, and a specific representation hierarchy is proposed for complex objects which makes them amenable to display, manipulation, measurement, and analysis.
Homology Modeling and Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Gla Domains of Human Coagulation Factor IX and Its G[12]A Mutant

We have tested molecular dynamics as a predictive tool for stability of protein structure. We first used the X-ray crystallographic coordinates of bovine prothrombin fragment 1 to model the structure of the Gla domain of human factor IX, an essential coagulation protein. In addition, a mutant protein that differs in only a single amino acid (G[12]A) but is associated with one form of Hemophilia B was also modeled. Simulations performed in an identical fashion for both proteins, with considerable care to accommodate long-range forces in these highly ionic systems, indicated that substantial distortions occur in the mutant structure relative to the wild type factor IX. Surprisingly, the Gla domain (residues 1−34) of the wild type and mutant remain similar. Instead, it is the interaction of the added Ala at position 12 in the mutant that repels the post-Gla region (residues >33, the C-terminal helix) region.
Issues in Testing and Assessment in Cross-Cultural Counseling

A survey of several major issues and problems associated with testing and assessment across cultural or ethnic boundaries is presented. Included, for example, are brief discussions of such issues as levels of equivalence, nonverbal communication, expectations and beliefs, client-counselor similarities, test bias, and response styles. The presentation is intended for counselors who are not very familiar with either cross-cultural methodological problems or the major obstacles hindering more effective assessment during cross-cultural counseling and psychotherapy. In addition, three very popular tests-the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the Thematic Apperception Test, and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test- are used to highlight some of the issues and problems in cross-cultural assessment.
Modular Organization of the Phd Repressor/Antitoxin Protein

The P1 plasmid addiction operon is a compact genetic structure consisting of promoter, operator, antitoxin gene (phd), and toxin gene (doc). The 73-amino-acid antitoxin protein, Phd, has two distinct functions: it represses transcription (by binding to its operator) and it prevents host death (by binding and neutralizing the toxin). Here, we show that the N terminus of Phd is required for repressor but not antitoxin activity. Conversely, the C terminus is required for antitoxin but not repressor activity. Only a quarter of the protein, the resolution limit of this analysis, was required for both activities. We suggest that the plasmid addiction operon is a composite of two evolutionarily separable modules, an operator-repressor module and an antitoxin-toxin module. Consideration of similar antitoxin proteins and their surroundings indicates that modular exchange may contribute to antitoxin and operon diversity.
Developing effective assignments for lengthy technical documents

It is important for engineering students to have opportunities to write lengthy technical documents during their undergraduate careers. However, only when such assignments are carefully planned, grounded in authentic contexts, and effectively mentored do they prove beneficial to students. I explore several keys to developing effective major assignments using three examples from the curriculum at the Colorado Schools of Mines (CSM); the EPICS (Engineering Practices Introductory Course Sequence) program; the required field session for chemical engineering majors; and the Multidisciplinary Senior Design (MSD) sequence.
On the longitudinal stability of cooled coasting ion beams

The longitudinal stability of intense, low momentum spread ion beams is of great interest today, especially in electron-cooled storage rings. Stability conditions are usually formulated as the limitations on the allowed value of beam-chamber coupling impedances. In the case of cooled beams, the effect of cooling can not be neglected if the cooling rate is comparable with the revolution frequency spread. The effect of the electron cooling can be described by the Fokker-Planck equation. In this paper we present a simple analytical method to derive dispersion relations for the longitudinal coasting beam instabilities using a perturbative approach. Numerical examples applied to 45 MeV protons in the IUCF cooling ring are presented. >
SNAPSHOT ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE: COMPARING GROUPS WITH UNEQUAL NUMBERS OF SCORES PER SUBJECT

Summary.-In ongoing research, at a given time some subjects will have produced more scores than others. It may be desirable to conduct a snapshot analysis of the available data to compare the efficacy of the treatments being administered. For balanced designs, a weighted-means analysis which incorporates nesting is proposed, and an example is given. In applied settings, it is not uncommon for some subjects to be farther along in the course of treatment than others. If measures on each subject are taken periodically, then at any given time some subjects will have produced more scores than others. If we wish to compare the efficacy of several treatments prior to the conclusion of the data collection, this inequality in the number of scores per subject can complicate the analysis. For example, suppose we are evaluating behavioral interventions in a clinical setting. As qualified patients come along, they are inducted into the study and randomly assigned to a particular intervention condition. The patients are individually measured on a monthly basis, with each patient scheduled for a year of treaunent. Induction might proceed for a year, so it would take two years to collect all of the scores. However, it would often be necessary and usually be prudent to take a snapshot of the data that have been collected after, say, six months or one year. The results might be used to justify further funding, or alternatively, to avoid wasting further efforts on an unpromising line of research. Let us suppose that the goal is to compare the effects of the treatments at the present moment. A simplistic solution to the statistical problem would be an analysis of variance using the average score for each subject. The defect here is that the average score for a patient who has produced twelve monthly scores should be weighted more heavily than the average score for one who has produced only three monthly scores. Other simplistic schemes, such as using each subject's first score or last score, are even more objectionable because the single scores are inherently less reliable than aggregate scores. A statistically defensible, yet fairly simple solution is available if the experimental design is balanced. At the time of the snapshot, there must be in each treatment condition the same number of subjects who have produced a given number of scores. This requirement can be assured by using random
On-the-Fly Integration and Ad Hoc Querying of Life Sciences Databases Using LifeDB

Data intensive applications in Life Sciences extensively use the hidden web as a platform for information sharing. Access to these heterogeneous hidden web resources is limited through the use of predefined web forms and interactive interfaces that users navigate manually, and assume responsibility for reconciling schema heterogeneity, extracting information and piping, transforming formats and so on in order to implement desired query sequences or scientific work flows. In this paper, we present a new data management system, called LifeDB , in which we offer support for currency without view materialization, and autonomous reconciliation of schema heterogeneity in one single platform through a declarative query language called BioFlow . In our approach, schema heterogeneity is resolved at run time by treating the hidden web resources as a virtual warehouses, and by supporting a set of primitives for data integration on-the-fly, extracting information and piping to other resources, and manipulating data in a way similar to traditional database systems to respond to application demands.
Regulation of Tibetan Plateau heating on variation of Indian summer monsoon in the last two millennia

monsoon variations. Such need to address these questions arose again recently after the finding that the relationship between the Eurasian snow cover (excluding Tibetan Plateau) and the Indian monsoon has been varying in time [Kripalani and Kulkarni, 1999]. This finding urges us to ask: Could the Tibetan Plateau be a steady source area affecting the Indian monsoon variation? [3] An answer to the above question also may improve our understanding of the role of the Tibetan Plateau in linking the Indian summer monsoon variation and the high latitude temperatures of the North Atlantic and therefore circulations in the North Atlantic Ocean [Overpeck et al., 1996]. This current study examines the Tibetan Plateau’s surface heating variation and tests its relationship with the Indian monsoon variation, by first developing a 2000-year time series of average Tibetan Plateau surface air temperature and then comparing its variations with those of the Indian summer monsoon intensity derived from proxy records.
Does a Living Will Equal a DNR? Are Living Wills Compromising Patient Safety?

Living wills are thought to protect the medical decision-making capacity of patients. Presented are three case scenarios of patients with living wills presenting to health care facilities for treatment, and their hospital courses. Living wills have never been thought to compromise patient care or safety, but their use has not been adequately studied with respect to risks, benefits, or consequences. This case series will define a scenario as well as how that scenario was affected by the presence of a living will. In addition, existing data regarding the care provided to patients with a code status designation of DNR (do not resuscitate) are reviewed.
Relationship between 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribotide and AMP-activated protein kinase activity in the perfused mouse heart.

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy sensor whose activity responds to AMP concentration ([AMP]). An agent that activates AMPK in cells is 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-ribos...
The Provitamin D of the Covering Tissues of Chickens

Abstract IT IS a common observation that growing chickens are readily protected from rickets by exposure to sunlight or other sources of ultraviolet light. The assumption naturally follows that some portion of the chicken’s integument is rich in a provitamin D which can be activated by irradiation of the bird’s body. Hou (1928) reported that the removal of the preen gland from young birds caused rickets in spite of normal feeding and sunshine treatment. He concluded that the preen gland produced a secretion which was rubbed over the feathers and activated by exposure to sunlight. This activated substance was then observed through the skin and feather shafts or consumed by the birds. Later in 1931 he modified this statement, reporting that rachitic chicks with the preen gland removed exhibited good healing when the feet were irradiated, but no healing where the head only was so treated. Hart and Halpin (1927) found . . .
On the Communication Architecture for Wide-Area Real-Time Monitoring in Power Networks

Reliable and efficient operation of power networks is of paramount importance. In this paper we explore communication architectures that leverage phasor measurement units (PMUs) and fusion centers to enable robust real-time monitoring of power networks over wide areas. We examine scalability issues in data aggregation for a power network in which PMUs are attached to every bus. We argue that in power networks, the data recorded by the PMUs are spatially correlated and therefore the data admit a sparse representation in a given basis. Furthermore, the number of bits required to reconstruct the PMU data to within a given accuracy at a remote location grows sublinearly with the density of the power network. Our results are: i) the PMUs should not transmit their data to the fusion center independently or asynchronously - an intermediate data aggregation step is beneficial, and ii) if we perform data aggregation then we can add more PMUs to the network to achieve finer network monitoring without causing network congestion
Science Instructional Time Is Declining in Elementary Schools: What Are the Implications for Student Achievement and Closing the Gap?

Recent comparative data on high school graduates show that many American students are not well prepared in fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics and that there is a persistent achievement gap according to the socioeconomic backgrounds of students. The research for this paper focuses on the role of elementary education in science as an important preparatory step. National trend data show a decline in instructional time in the elementary grades on science instruction over the past two decades. State-level data show wide variation in the amount of class time spent on science education and a positive relationship between the amount of class time and student achievement scores in science as measured by the National Assessment of Educational Progress Grade 4 assessment. C � 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 97:830-847, 2013
Donor selection limits use of living-related liver transplantation

The purpose of this investigation was to assess the applicability of living-related liver transplantation in an established regional transplant program by determining the frequency of acceptable living donors from an unselected population of pediatric transplant candidates and identify specific factors limiting application of this technique. During the period May 1992 to May 1994, all children accepted as transplant candidates at the University of California-San Francisco were evaluated for potential living-related liver transplantation. Indications for transplantation and patient demographics represented the spectrum anticipated at a regional center. Donor evaluation was performed using a three-phase evaluation process we have previously reported. Retrospective analysis identified 75 potential donors for 38 pediatric candidates (age range, 17 days to 14.5 years; mean, 5.1 years). Twenty-three percent of potential donors declined evaluation. Of the 75 potential donors, only 10 (13%) were found to be acceptable for donation. The leading causes for donor declination were significant medical history (23%), ABO blood group incompatibility (23%), and psychosocial history (20%). Of the 38 recipient candidates, 9 (23%) were offered living-donor transplantation. Five patients have received living-donor transplantation, and 4 patients await the procedure when medical indications exist. Seventy-seven percent of recipient candidates received or are awaiting cadaveric transplantation. These results suggest that current donor criteria markedly limit the application of living-related liver transplantation.
Into the Conventional‐Implicature Dimension

Grice coined the term ‘conventional implicature’ in a short passage in ‘Logic and conversation’. The description is intuitive and deeply intriguing. The range of phenomena that have since been assigned this label is large and diverse. I survey the central factual motivation, arguing that it is loosely unified by the idea that conventional implicatures contribute a separate dimension of meaning. I provide tests for distinguishing conventional implicatures from other kinds of meaning, and I briefly explore ways in which one can incorporate multiple dimensions of meaning into a single theory.
Nasa-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX); 20 Years Later:

NASA-TLX is a multi-dimensional scale designed to obtain workload estimates from one or more operators while they are performing a task or immediately afterwards. The years of research that precede...
The plasmagel sheet ofAmoeba proteus

1. The presence of the plasmagel sheet inAmoeba proteus is confirmed. 2. It is suggested that an increase in structural organization of the pseudopodial tip region, as shown in studies by interference and birefringence microscopy, confirms Mast's prediction of plasmasol-plasmagel conversion.
Treatment of juvenile offenders: Study outcomes since 1980

Past reviews of the treatment of juvenile offenders have concluded that "nothing works." More recently, some reviewers have concluded that treatment concepts are not necessarily ineffective, but, instead, research methodology and treatment integrity have been inadequate. The present review looks at the treatment of adjudicated juvenile offenders from a computer-data-based search of the literature published from 1980 to 1987. Research outcome and methodology are summarized and critiqued. The conclusions are that treatment outcomes were positive, but that serious methodological weaknesses still exist in the literature. Improvements still need to be made in sample sizes, use of appropriate and multiple measures of recidivism, random assignment and/or use of appropriate control groups, and long-term follow-up assessment. Language: en
Essential and nonessential histone H2A variants in Tetrahymena thermophila.

Although variants have been identified for every class of histone, their functions remain unknown. We have been studying the histone H2A variant hv1 in the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila. Sequence analysis indicates that hv1 belongs to the H2A.F/Z type of histone variants. On the basis of the high degree of evolutionary conservation of this class of histones, they are proposed to have one or more distinct and essential functions that cannot be performed by their major H2A counterparts. Considerable evidence supports the hypothesis that the hv1 protein in T. thermophila and hv1-like proteins in other eukaryotes are associated with active chromatin. In T. thermophila, simple mass transformation and gene replacement techniques have recently become available. In this report, we demonstrate that either the HTA1 gene or the HTA2 gene, encoding the major H2As, can be completely replaced by disrupted genes in the polyploid, transcriptionally active macronucleus, indicating that neither of the two genes is essential. However, only some of the HTA3 genes encoding hv1 can be replaced by disrupted genes, indicating that the H2A.F/Z type variants have an essential function that cannot be performed by the major H2A genes. Thus, an essential gene in T. thermophila can be defined by the fact that it can be partially, but not completely, eliminated from the polyploid macronucleus. To our knowledge, this study represents the first use of gene disruption technology to study core histone gene function in any organism other than yeast and the first demonstration of an essential gene in T. thermophila using these methods. When a rescuing plasmid carrying a wild-type HTA3 gene was introduced into the T. thermophila cells, the endogenous chromosomal HTA3 could be completely replaced, defining a gene replacement strategy that can be used to analyze the function of essential genes.
OUTCOME OF IMPLEMENTATION OF A MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM APPROACH TO THE CARE OF PATIENTS AFTER TRANSSPHENOIDAL SURGERY.

ABSTRACT Objective: Transsphenoidal surgery (TS) for sellar lesions is an established and safe procedure, but complications can occur, particularly involving the neuroendocrine system. We hypothesized that postoperative care of TS patients would be optimized when performed by a coordinated team including a pituitary neurosurgeon, endocrinologists, and a specialty nurse. Methods: We implemented a formalized, multidisciplinary team approach and standardized postoperative protocols for the care of adult patients undergoing TS by a single surgeon (J.N.B.) at our institution beginning in July 2009. We retrospectively compared the outcomes of 214 consecutive TS-treated cases: 113 cases prior to and 101 following the initiation of the team approach and protocol implementation. Outcomes assessed included the incidence of neurosurgical and endocrine complications, length of stay (LOS), and rates of hospital readmission and unscheduled clinical visits. Results: The median LOS decreased from 3 days preteam to 2 days...
N,O‐Dimethylhydroxylamine

(·HCl) [1117-97-1] C2H7NO (MW 61.10) InChI = 1S/C2H7NO/c1-3-4-2/h3H,1-2H3 InChIKey = KRKPYFLIYNGWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [6638-79-5] C2H8ClNO (MW 97.56) InChI = 1S/C2H7NO.ClH/c1-3-4-2;/h3H,1-2H3;1H InChIKey = USZLCYNVCCDPLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (used extensively in the formation of N-methoxy-N-methylamides2 and ureas,3 which are valuable acylating agents) Physical Data: mp −97 °C; bp 43.2 °C. ·HCl salt, mp 115–116 °C. Form Supplied in: commercially available as the HCl salt. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the free amine decomposes readily. However, the HCl salt is stable indefinitely.
Abstract 28: “Defining The Undefined”- Rapidly Improving Stroke Symptoms: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Background: “Rapidly Improving Stroke Symptoms” (RISS) is a major exclusion criterion for tPA treatment in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Objectives: To explore various definitions used for RISS and reported clinical outcomes of RISS patients, treated and untreated with tPA. Methods: A systematic review of the literature(through Aug 5, 2013)for studies reporting definition or outcome data for RISS or both, was performed by 3 independent reviewers using prespecified medical subjects heading (MeSH) terms, Boolean logic and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: From 97 potentially eligible articles identified via abstract review, 35 were excluded for inadequate data. Of the 62 articles remaining: 38 did not provide definitions for RISS; 9 reported data of RISS with minor stroke together while 15 considered them separately and reported 5 different definitions of RISS: 1) physician judgment (n=9); 2) ≥4 point reduction in NIHSS score from initial to tPA decision time (n=3); 3) general impression of significant improvement before tPA(n=1); 4)major symptoms rapidly improving by the time of decision (n=1); 5) documented significant improvement in at least 4of the following items - motor paresis of arm, - leg or - facial muscles, - aphasia - dysarthria and - sensory deficit - (n=1). RISS outcome data was reported separately from minor stroke in 5/62 (8%) studies: 1) favorable outcome (mRS=0-1, NIHSS= 0-1) at 3 months were reported in 15/19 (78%) of RISS patients given tPA; 2) 25/57 (44%) of RISS patients were dependent/died at discharge; 3)13/27 (48%) of RISS had favorable outcome; 4) 4/10 (40%) RISS patients were discharged home; RISS patients were more likely than non-RISS to have large-artery occlusion (5/10 versus 3/31; P=0.01); 5)In 39 RISS patients there was an association between NIHSS ≥10 and unfavorable outcome at 3 months (p=0.026). Conclusions: There is no generally accepted definition for RISS and in most cases it is left to the physician’s judgment, which varies. A high proportion of AIS patients excluded from tPA solely because of RISS have poor outcome. Future research needs to validate RISS definitions and determine how different definitions predict clinical outcome.
Studies in Renal Denervation. I. Roentgenographic Demonstration of Vascular Alteration.

ConclusionsWe have demonstrated in a pictorial manner the general types of vascular change resulting from denervation; (1) a general dilatation of the vascular bed; (2) some degenerative changes affecting chiefly the blood vessel intima.
Functional alterations in the coronary circulation as mirrored in the angiogram

The ability of coronary arteriography to disclose the presence of abnormalities in the coronary arteries is undisputed. On the other hand, it is less clear whether the angiographic examination of the coronary circulation permits an assessment of functional abnormalities, which may involve the coronary circulation in toto or regionally. The most commonly practiced grading of angiographically demonstrated coronary artery disease is based on the degree of arterial narrowing and the number of major vessels that are involved. This approach, however, suffers from significant shortcomings, which are mainly related to the limitations in accuracy of measuring such lesions angiographically. Secondary angiographic signs of impaired coronary flow, such as contrast propagations through collateral channels, delayed, stagnant, and reciprocal flow pattern, and the appearance of excessive peripheral myocardial contrast accumulation may gain great importance. In conjunction with the presentation of a number of cases considered to be representative for different situations of chronic and acute myocardial ischemia, the primary and secondary angiographic findings are accounted for in detail and discussed as to the most likely existing pathophysiology. The discussion also includes knowledge based on experiments performed in in vitro or animal models and tries to establish a synthesis between the different angiographic phenomena and the present status of our understanding of the pathophysiology of myocardial injury. It is concluded that such detailed analysis of the angiographic events may yield important information for the most appropriate management of the individual patient.
Coupled Vapor and Liquid Flows in Regular-Polygonal Micro Heat Pipes at Zero Viscosity Ratio

Micro heat pipes have been used to cool microelectronic devices, but their heat transfer coefficients are low compared with those of conventional heat pipes. A typical micro heat pipe has a long and narrow cavity of polygonal cross section sealed at both ends. A long vapor bubble occupies the center of the cavity, while the liquid fills the rest. As one end of the pipe is heated, the liquid evaporates into the bubble and the vapor flows to the cold end where it condenses to regenerate the liquid and releases the latent heat. The liquid flows along the corner channels back to the hot end to complete the cycle. Since the pipe is long, the vapor and liquid flow almost uni-directionally along most part of the pipe. The coupled fluid-flow problem contains a small parameter , which is the ratio of vapor to liquid viscosity. We perturb the problem in the limit and obtain leading order solutions for the axial vapor and liquid velocity fields in triangular, square and hexagonal micro heat pipes. To leading order, the vapor exerts no shear stress on the liquid and we find that the vapor flow depends on the densities of the vapor and liquid. The leading order vapor and liquid velocity fields are solved by a finite-difference method. Our results indicate that the vapor and liquid flow rates are maximum in the triangular micro heat pipe and minimum in the hexagonal micro heat pipe. The fluid flow in a micro heat pipe is responsible for carrying heat from the hot end to the cold end by evaporative heat transfer. Thus the flow rate is an indicator of the thermal performance of these devices.
state and regional suicide rates: a new look at an old puzzle

U.S. suicide rates vary across the states and are higher in the American West than in other regions. Reasons for these patterns have eluded social scientists. This research note examines whether residential stability and population density as ecological contexts for social integration help explain the patterns. Reflecting Durkheimian reasoning, results suggest that residential stability helps explain both the high Western suicide rate and state suicide rates more generally. Final remarks address the theoretical and empirical implications of the findings.
Electrically Driven Spin Currents in DNA

We consider the generation of pure spin currents by electric field driving. First, we discuss the possibility of spin pumping by electric field within a simple two-level bridge model. Then, we apply the scheme to study spin transport in single- and double-stranded DNA junctions. Within a physically relevant range of parameters we show the possibility of generating pure spin currents in DNA, even in the absence of spin–orbit coupling.
Proof Without Words: The Golden Ratio

We employ a square with area 5 to determine the golden ratio (without using the quadratic formula).
Facilitated exploitation of pollination mutualisms: fitness consequences for plants

Summary Mutualisms are only rarely one-to-one interactions: each species generally interacts with multiple mutualists. Exploitation is ubiquitous in mutualisms, and we would therefore expect that each mutualist interacts with multiple exploiters as well. Exploiter species may also interact with one another. For example, the action of one exploiter species might open the opportunity for exploitation by a second species. Exploitation is common in many plant–pollinator mutualisms: ‘primary’ nectar robbers feed through holes they make in flowers, which can be subsequently used by ‘secondary’ nectar robbers unable to create holes themselves. The overall effect of nectar robbing on plant fitness is often (although not always) negative. No study has separated the effects of interacting with primary vs. secondary robbers. Here, we examine the effects of primary vs. secondary nectar robbing on pollinator visitation rate and female fitness in Ipomopsis aggregata. Manipulating the type of nectar robbing that flowers experienced, we found that secondary nectar robbing inflicted fitness costs to plants beyond that inflicted by primary robbing alone. Secondary nectar robbing significantly reduced pollen receipt to flowers, as well as fruit and seed production. Although the causes are elusive, the effect may be attributed to changes in pollinator behaviour at these plants. Synthesis. Our findings provide evidence that interacting with multiple exploiters can lead to increased negative effects for mutualists, and highlight the importance of incorporating multiple exploiters into the conceptual framework of mutualism.
Projects in a Day Develop Life Skills in At-Risk After School Youth

As budgets tighten and school weeks are shortened more youth are being left unattended at home. Rural youth are particularly affected by these reductions and stranded away from programs and resources. At-risk youth are acutely impacted as they lose contact time with programs that provide life skill development and a safe place for youth to connect to community, other youth and adults. 4-H Projects-in-a-Day can provide curriculum in partnership with after school programs that develop life skills and build positive social skills. In a study conducted with an Idaho After School program during the 2007-2008 and the 2008-2009 school years, six of the 12 life skills evaluated showed a significant increase after participation. Youth also reported positive self esteem and made new friends during the events held on Fridays. 4-H Project-in-a-Day curriculum has shown to be a powerful, ready to use tool in after school programming.
Factor Analysis of an Expanded Halstead-Reitan Battery and the Structure of Neurocognition.

Objective The structure of neurocognition is explored by examining the neurocognitive domains underlying comprehensive neuropsychological assessment of cognitively healthy individuals. Method Exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the adult normative dataset of an expanded Halstead-Reitan Battery (eHRB), comprising Caucasian and African American participants. The factor structure contributions of the original HRB, eHRB expansion, and Wechsler intelligence scales were compared. Demographic effects were examined on composite factor scores calculated using confirmatory factor analysis. Results The full eHRB had an eight-factor structure, with latent constructs including: 'working memory', 'fluency', 'verbal episodic memory', 'visuospatial cognition' (visuospatial memory and problem solving), 'perceptual-motor speed' (speed for processing visual/tactile material and hand-motor execution), 'perceptual attention' (attention to sensory-perceptual information), 'semantic knowledge' (knowledge acquired through education and culturally-based experiences), and 'phonological decoding' (grapheme-phoneme processing essential for sounding-out words). 'Perceptual-motor speed' and 'perceptual attention' were most negatively associated with age, whereas 'semantic knowledge' and 'phonological decoding' were most resistant to aging. 'Semantic knowledge' showed the greatest dependence on demographic background, including education and ethnicity. Gender differences in cognitive performances were negligible across all domains except 'phonological decoding' with women slightly outperforming men. The original HRB contributed four neurocognitive domains, the eHRB expansion three domains, and the Wechsler scales one additional domain but with restructuring of verbal factors. Conclusion Eight neurocognitive domains underlie performance of healthy cognitive individuals during comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. These domains serve as framework for understanding the constructs measured by commonly-used neuropsychological tests and may represent the structure of neurocognition.
Pharmacological Considerations in Acute and Chronic Liver Disease

Acute liver failure (ALF) and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) have profound effects on human physiology that extend well beyond hepatic considerations. Virtually every organ system is affected to some degree, as are the medications used to treat both chronic and acute conditions for these organ systems. Even a small therapeutic misadventure can precipitate an acute decompensation in liver failure patients, further emphasizing the importance of appropriate drug dosing. Liver disease results in significant alteration in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of medications. While the magnitude of these alterations is dependent upon the extent of liver disease and the physiochemical characteristics of a given medication, the effect of most medications will be amplified as a result of liver disease. This chapter provides a practical overview of drug dosing considerations, with a focus on basic pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics principles, in the context of ALF and ACLF. This is followed by medication considerations organized by organ system, with a focus on neurology, pulmonary, cardiovascular, renal, hematologic, gastrointestinal, and endocrine. Infectious disease considerations are also reviewed. The use of objective monitoring tools and the establishment of therapeutic goals will help facilitate the optimal use of drug therapy for each organ system. In many cases, treatment guidelines are lacking for the management of acute and chronic disease observed concurrently in patients with liver failure. Avoiding medications that have unpredictable pharmacokinetic profiles, or that are prone to drug-drug interactions, will reduce sequela. Employing evidence-based pharmacotherapy should yield improved outcomes. Practical considerations for the aforementioned are provided.
Impact of pneumatic compression therapy on lymphatics in head and neck lymphedema (Conference Presentation)

Head and neck (HN) cancer survivors are particularly susceptible to lymphedema with a reported incidence of 75%. Treatment of HN lymphedema (HNL) consists of manual lymphatic drainage and compression. In this FDA-approved study, we used near-infrared fluorescence lymphatic imaging (NIRFLI) to assess the response of HNL to a single session of sequential, pneumatic compression therapy (PCT) and after two weeks of daily PCT. Following informed consent, 5 HNL subjects were enrolled into this study which consisted of two imaging sessions where each subject received six intradermal injections of 25µg of ICG in 0.1ml saline. Immediately after injection, NIRFLI was performed by illuminating the HN with excitation light and collecting the resultant fluorescent signal using a custom imaging system. After initial imaging, each subject underwent a single PCT session after which NIRFLI was again performed. Subjects were provided a pneumatic compression device for daily use over two weeks, after which imaging was repeated. Abnormal dermal lymphatic backflow was observed in all subjects. Enhanced lymphatic uptake was observed in all subjects following a single PCT session. After two weeks of PCT, NIRFLI revealed the complete resolution of dermal backflow in one subject, the reduction of dermal backflow in two subjects, and no apparent lymphatic change in two subjects though both reported subjective improvements in swallowing or speaking. PCT therapy may be an effective method to treat HNL. Additional studies are needed to assess long term clinical and quality of life impact. This study was funded in part by Tactile Medical.
Basics of Laser-Plasma Interaction: A Selection of Topics

A short, tutorial introduction to some basic concepts of laser-plasma interactions at ultra-high intensities is given. The selected topics include (a) elements of the relativistic dynamics of an electron in electromagnetic fields, including the ponderomotive force and classical radiation friction; (b) the “relativistic” nonlinear optical transparency and self-focusing; (c) the moving mirror concept and its application to light sail acceleration and high harmonic generation, with a note on related instabilities; (d) some specific phenomena related to the absorption of energy, kinetic momentum and angular momentum from the laser light.
Unmasking Early Wild-Type Transthyretin Amyloidosis Cardiomyopathy in a Patient With Refractory Atrial Fibrillation and Unremarkable Cardiac Imaging

A 78-year-old man with atrial flutter/fibrillation unresponsive to 3 cardioversions, 1 flutter, and 2 left atrial ablations, myocardial infarction in 2000 treated with a stent to the left anterior descending coronary, hypertension, bilateral carpal tunnel surgery (15 years before), and lumbar spinal stenosis presented with anemia in March 2015. He also complained of dysphagia and was referred for an esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Esophageal biopsies revealed esophagitis. The submucosal vessels in both the duodenal and gastric biopsies showed the presence of a slight thickening by acellular eosinophilic material that raised the possibility of amyloid on routine hematoxylin and eosin–stained slides (Figure [A] and [B]). This finding prompted investigation with Congo red stain, which demonstrated gastric and duodenal amyloid deposition within the submucosal blood vessels. Figure. Patient with wild-type cardiac amyloidosis. A , Duodenal submucosa with abnormal vessels that appear thickened by waxy, eosinophilic amorphous material suggestive of amyloid. B , Gastric biopsy with abnormal vessels within the muscularis mucosae wherein the vessels appear thickened by waxy, eosinophilic amorphous material suggestive of amyloid. C , Transthoracic echocardiogram in the parasternal view demonstrates septal thickness of 1.1 cm and posterior wall thickness of 0.9 cm. D , Cardiac magnetic resonance with septal thickness of 1.4 cm. E , 12-lead ECG shows atrial fibrillation, mild criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy, and nonspecific …
Navigation and planning in a mixed-initiative user interface

Mixed-initiative planning is one approach to building an intelligent decision-making environment. A mixed-initiative system shares decision-making responsibility with the user such that it acts sometimes as a tool, to be directly applied to a specific task, and other times as an autonomous problem-solver. In the best case, the user can delegate the details of a task to the automated system without giving up the ability to guide and review the decision-making process. We have developed a simple mixed-initiative planner that incorporates a view of problem-solving as navigation. We have explored this notion in two different applications: exploratory statistical analysis and layout design for user interface dialogs. This paper discusses navigation issues in the context of these two systems, the potential benefits of the approach, and some implications for user interface design.
Social media use and physical activity: To share or not to share?

Pinkerton, Tobin, Querfurth, Pena and Wilson (2017) analyzed the natural interactions between the use of social networking sites and physical activity. With the growing influence that social media ...
Constraints on neural redundancy

Millions of neurons drive the activity of hundreds of muscles, meaning many different neural population activity patterns could generate the same movement. Studies have suggested that these redundant (i.e. behaviorally equivalent) activity patterns may be beneficial for neural computation. However, it is unknown what constraints may limit the selection of different redundant activity patterns. We leveraged a brain-computer interface, allowing us to define precisely which neural activity patterns were redundant. Rhesus monkeys made cursor movements by modulating neural activity in primary motor cortex. We attempted to predict the observed distribution of redundant neural activity. Principles inspired by work on muscular redundancy did not accurately predict these distributions. Surprisingly, the distributions of redundant neural activity and task-relevant activity were coupled, which enabled accurate predictions of the distributions of redundant activity. This suggests limits on the extent to which redundancy may be exploited by the brain for computation.
“Slaying Ghosts in the Room”: Identity Contingencies, Teacher Licensure Testing Events, and African American Preservice Teachers:

BackgroundIn 41 states, students must pass the “basic skills” portion of their licensure exam before they can be admitted into a teacher education program. Because African American test takers are ...
Gut permeability and mimicry of the Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor NMDA type Subunit Associated with protein 1 (GRINA) as potential mechanisms related to a subgroup of people with schizophrenia with elevated antigliadin antibodies (AGA IgG).

Abstract About one third of people with schizophrenia have elevated IgG antibodies to gliadin (AGA IgG) and increased inflammation. Understanding the mechanism by which this immune response occurs is critical to the development of personalized treatments. We examined gut permeability and mimicry to the glutamate receptor as possible mechanisms related to high gliadin antibodies (AGA IgG) seen in some people with schizophrenia. The Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor NMDA type Subunit Associated with protein 1 (GRINA) has a similar protein structure to gliadin representing a potential target for cross reactivity or mimicry. In a population of schizophrenia subjects (N = 160) and healthy controls (N = 80) we analyzed serum samples for both GRINA and Anti-Saccharomyces Cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA), related to gut permeability. Schizophrenia patients compared to controls had a higher prevalence of positivity to ASCA IgA (p = 0.004) and IgG (p
Visual feedback during motor performance is associated with increased complexity and adaptability of motor and neural output.

Abstract Complex motor behavior is believed to be dependent on sensorimotor integration – the neural process of using sensory input to plan, guide, and correct movements. Previous studies have shown that the complexity of motor output is low when sensory feedback is withheld during precision motor tasks. However, much of this research has focused on motor behavior rather than neural processing, and therefore, has not specifically assessed the role of sensorimotor neural functioning in the execution of complex motor behavior. The present study uses a stimulus-tracking task with simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) recording to assess the effect of visual feedback on motor performance, motor complexity, and sensorimotor neural processing in healthy adults. The complexity of the EEG signal was analyzed to capture the information content in frequency bands (alpha and beta) and scalp regions (central, parietal, and occipital) that are associated with sensorimotor processing. Consistent with previous literature, motor performance and its complexity were higher when visual feedback was provided relative to when it was withheld. The complexity of the neural signal was also higher when visual feedback was provided. This was most robust at frequency bands (alpha and beta) and scalp regions (parietal and occipital) associated with sensorimotor processing. The findings show that visual feedback increases the information available to the brain when generating complex, adaptive motor output.
Physical basis of the disorder-order transition

Intrinsically disordered proteins do not adopt well-defined structures, yet they still play functional roles in many different aspects of biology. Their lack of stable conformations poses new challenges to the quantitative description and understanding of their processes, since they cannot be formulated within the classical terms of structural biology. Polymer physics is emerging as a powerful language to identify, describe, and quantify the molecular determinants of the disordered conformational ensemble. Here, I will review the application of key-concepts of polymer theories to intrinsically disordered proteins, with a particular focus on the role played by residue-residue and residue-solvent interactions in modulating conformational transitions in the disordered structural ensemble.
Dynamic positioning of a floating OTEC plant using current derived forces

A study is performed to determine whether Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) platforms can be dynamically positioned by the use of forces derived from ocean currents. The dynamic positioning characteristics of a 40-MWe spar buoy configured plant are simulated by computer solution of the equations of motion. The dynamic positioning system consists of two large vertical vanes attached to the plant's cold-water pipe. The vanes act as underwater sails and, where the current has a vertical speed gradient, may be operated such that the resulting hydrodynamic force and plant velocity have components directed upstream to the surface current. Forces on and motions of the plant are determined for operations in Hawaiian currents and in the Gulf Stream. The dynamic positioning method is shown to be theoretically feasible.