cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Feasibility and acceptability of electronic administration of patient reported outcomes using mHealth platform in emergency department patients with non-medical opioid use.

Background The emergency department (ED) offers an important opportunity to identify patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) and initiate treatment. However, post-ED follow-up is challenging, and novel approaches to enhance care transitions are urgently needed. Outcomes following ED visits have traditionally focused on overdose, treatment engagement, and mortality with an absence of patient reported outcomes (PROs), for example patient ability to schedule follow-up OUD treatment appointments or pick up a prescription medication, that may better inform evaluation of treatment pathways and near-term outcomes after acute events. In the context of increasing novel secure mobile health (mHealth) platforms, we explored the feasibility and acceptability of electronically collecting PROs from ED patients with non-medical opioid use to enhance care in the ED and transitions of care. Methods ED patients with non-medical opioid use or opioid overdose who endorsed willingness and ability to complete electronic surveys after discharge were enrolled from a tertiary, urban academic ED. Participants were enrolled in an mHealth platform, shared electronic health records with researchers, and completed electronic surveys of PROs at baseline, three- and thirty-days post discharge from the hospital, including questions about ability to schedule a follow-up appointment, pick up a prescription medication and overdose risk behaviors. Primary outcomes were measures of feasibility and acceptability of electronic PRO collection among ED patients with non-medical opioid use. Results Among 1,808 patients assessed for eligibility between June-December 2019, 101 of 130 (78%) eligible adult patients consented to participate. Ninety-six (95%) of 101 patients completed registration in the mHealth platform, and 77/96 (80%) were successful in sharing their electronic health data. Completion rates for the baseline, three-day and thirty-day surveys were 97% (93/96), 49% (47/96) and 42% (40/96). Implementation challenges included short engagement window during ED visit, limited access to smartphones/computers, insufficient battery life of participant phone to access email and password, forgotten emails and passwords, multi-step verification processes for account set-up, and complaints about hospital care, most of which were effectively addressed by study personnel. Conclusions ED patients with OUD were willing to share electronic health information and PROs, although implementation challenges were common, and more than half of participants were lost-to-follow-up after hospital discharge at 30 days. Efforts to streamline communication and remove barriers to engagement are needed to improve the collection of PROs and pathways of care in ED patients with OUD. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03985163). Date of Registration: June 10, 2019, Retrospectively registered (First enrollment June 8, 2019). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT03985163.
Chapter 9 Mechanism of action of FSH in the ovary

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the mechanisms underlying the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulation of ovarian-cell differentiation and maturation. FSH is necessary for the stimulation of preovulatory ovarian estrogen production and the initiation of follicle maturation. FSH is a glycoprotein hormone which contains two noncovalently linked dissimilar subunits. The gonadotropic hormones, including those from the placenta, consist of a common subunit designated α and a hormone-specific β subunit. The primary structure of FSH consists of the polypeptide backbone and oligosaccharide moieties. FSH molecules from all species including those from lower vertebrates contain carbohydrate units covalently linked to the polypeptide. Removal of this sugar residue by neuraminidase treatment decreases the in vivo biological activity of FSH because of its rapid elimination from the circulation, but its in vitro biological response is retained. In contrast, removal of the majority of carbohydrate moieties by specific enzymes or chemical treatment decreases the bioactivity of the molecules. FSH molecules secreted by the anterior pituitary interact with specific receptors in the gonadal cells. The FSH action in granulosa cells is enhanced by cotreatment with phosphodiesterase inhibitors that minimize cyclic AMP (cAMP) breakdown.
A game theoretic property of Boolean algebras1)

Publisher Summary This chapter introduces an infinite game played on a Boolean algebra, and investigates the properties of Boolean algebras defined in terms of existence of winning strategies in the game. The chapter demonstrates that the properties are closely related to distributivity laws for Boolean algebras. The chapter illustrates an example of a Boolean algebra for which the game presented in the chapter is not determined. The chapter defines the game GB for Boolean algebras, to compare the existence of strategies with standard Boolean algebraic properties.
Soft Computer-Aided System Theory and Technology (SCAST)

Soft Computer-Aided System Theory and Technology or SCAST is introduced as a branch of CAST whose focus is on computing, system theory, and technology that exploit the tolerance for imprecision and uncertainty to achieve tractability, robustness, and low cost. Soft computing is currently viewed as a junction of fuzzy logic, neural computing, probabilistic reasoning, and genetic algorithms. Soft system theory is based on fuzzy set theory, fuzzy measure theory, rough set theory, and their combinations. Soft technology plays a dual role in SCAST. Its first role is to develop supporting software and hardware for soft computing, while its second role is to develop applications of soft computing and soft systems theory in other areas. These various components of SCAST and their relationship are overviewed.
A Graph Theoretic Approach to Software Watermarking

We present a graph theoretic approach for watermarking software in a robust fashion. While watermarking software that are small in size (e.g. a few kilobytes) may be infeasible through this approach, it seems to be a viable scheme for large applications. Our approach works with control/data flow graphs and uses abstractions, approximate k-partitions, and a random walk method to embed the watermark, with the goal of minimizing and controlling the additions to be made for embedding, while keeping the estimated effort to undo the watermark (WM) as high as possible. The watermarks are so embedded that small changes to the software or flow graph are unlikely to disable detection by a probabilistic algorithm that has a secret. This is done by using some relatively robust graph properties and error correcting codes.Under some natural assumptions about the code added to embed the WM, locating the WM by an attacker is related to some graph approximation problems. Since little theoretical foundation exists for hardness of typical instances of graph approximation problems, we present heuristics to generate such hard instances and, in a limited case, present a heuristic analysis of how hard it is to separate the WM in an information theoretic model. We describe some related experimental work. The approach and methods described here also suitable for solving the problem of software tamper resistance.
Pyogenic Liver Abscess in Normal Children With Fever of Unknown Origin

Solitary pyogenic hepatic abscesses were identified as the cause of fever, abdominal pain, and hepatomegaly in two otherwise normal children who were seen at St. Louis Children9s Hospital during the past year. Liver function tests were normal and blood cultures were negative in both patients. These cases illustrate that pyogenic liver abscess may occur in normal children and should be considered whenever fever of unknown origin is associated with abdominal complaints. Only in this way can we hope to improve upon the results cited previously, namely that the majority of liver abscesses remain undiagnosed during life.
‘Ugly but . . . important’: the Albanian Hoard and the making of the archaeological treasure in the early twentieth century

This paper deploys the Metropolitan Museum's Albanian (or Avar) Treasure as a case study to explore the role and value assigned to the named treasure during the early twentieth century, a moment when Americans – most notably J.P. Morgan – were among the wealthiest and most avid collectors of Byzantine and medieval art. Outlining the market conditions for such treasures, the archaeological practices that authenticated them, and the art historical categories that gave them meaning, the paper demonstrates the extent to which the archaeological treasure was a social creation built by various players: finders, dealers, scholars, museums and collectors.
Barriers to Care: Health Promotion among Hispanic Men

This article advocates for the need to increase the social science literature of policy implications for long-term interventions for the Hispanic community. Existing research recognizes numerous barriers contributing to low healthcare utilization for Hispanic populations; however, very little research in the social sciences is specific in the identification of barriers that are unique for Hispanic men. This article provides a general overview of men's health and highlights Hispanic men's health outcomes and associated disparities, common intervention descriptions implemented in the Hispanic communities, and future research of the increase of healthcare utilization for Hispanic men using a theory of gender focusing on the construction of masculinity and health. This article uses a sociological framework of gender behavior constructs and compares gendered behaviors to healthcare utilization. Concluding arguments suggest that as research in this direction develops further, health providers can use this literature to implement change in health promotion targeting Hispanic men.
Public Displays of Affection

Public displays of affection (PDAs) are acts of physical intimacy that can be seen by others. Forms of intimacy vary from relatively mild displays (e.g., holding hands or hugging) to more intimate forms of affection (e.g., kissing or groping). PDAs include various forms of touch, eye contact, gestures, and exhibitionism. Acts that are considered acceptable PDAs vary over time and across cultures. Keywords: non-verbal communication; indigenous psychology; cultural values
Stream inflow and predation risk affect littoral habitat selection by benthic fish

Summary 1. We examined small, fishless headwater streams to determine whether transport of macroinvertebrates into the littoral zone of an oligotrophic lake augmented food availability for Cottus asper, an abundant predatory fish in our study system. We sampled fish and macroinvertebrates during the recruitment and growth season of 2 years, either monthly (2004) or bi-monthly (2005), to observe whether stream inputs increased prey availability and whether variation in total macroinvertebrate biomass was tracked by fish. 2. Observations from eight headwater streams indicated that streams did not increase the total macroinvertebrate biomass in the shallow littoral zone at stream inflows, relative to adjacent plots without stream inputs (controls). The taxonomic composition of stream macroinvertebrates drifting toward the lake differed from that in the littoral lake benthos itself, although there was no evidence of any species change in the composition of the littoral benthos brought about by stream inputs. 3. Although streams made no measurable contribution to the biomass or taxonomic composition of the littoral macroinvertebrate benthos, there was substantial temporal variation in biomass among the eight sites for each of the (n = 7) sample periods during which observations were made. Variation in total biomass was primarily a function of bottom slope and benthic substrata in the lake habitats. Dominant taxonomic groups were Baetidae, Ephemerellidae (two genera), Leptophlebiidae, Chironomidae (three subfamilies) and Perlodidae, although we did not determine the specific substratum affinities of each taxon. 4. Mixed effects linear models identified a significant interaction between macroinvertebrate biomass and plot type (stream inflow vs. control) associated with fish abundance. Across the observed range of macroinvertebrate biomass, fish showed a significant preference for stream inflows, but more closely tracked food availability in the controls. For young-of-the-year (YOY), a negative effect of temperature was also included in the model, and we observed lower temperatures at stream inflows. However, abundance of predatory adults affected habitat selection for YOY. Lake-bottom slope also accounted for variation in abundance in both fish models. 5. Our results suggest that the effect of fishless headwater streams on downstream fish may not always be through direct delivery of food. In this study system, fish preferred stream inflow plots, but this preference interacted with macroinvertebrate biomass in a manner that was difficult to explain. For YOY, predation risk was related to the preference for stream inflows, although the specific factor that mitigates predation risk remains poorly understood.
Anisotropic vortex structure in Y 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7

We report Bitter-pattern observations of the vortices for flux trapped in crystals of the orthorhombic high-${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{c}}$ superconductor ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$. For B\ensuremath{\parallel}c axis, the slight distortion of the vortex lattice yields a penetration-depth anisotropy ranging from 1.11 to 1.15 for different crystals. For B\ensuremath{\perp}c, the case of strong anisotropy, we observe chains of oval vortices. When they are not aligned by defects, the chains appear to undulate rather than adopt a crystalline habit. From the vortex spacing we deduce an anisotropy of 5.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.
DNA-based Artificial Nanostructures: Fabrication, Properties, and Applications

Table of Content 1. Introduction 2. DNA fundamentals 3. Attachment of DNA to surface 4. Fabrication of nanostructures using DNA 4.1 Nanostructures of pure DNA 4.2 DNA-based assembly of metal nanoparticles 4.3 Construction of semiconductor particle arrays using DNA 4.4 DNA-directed nanowires 4.5 DNA-functionalized carbon nanotubes 4.6 Field-transistor based on DNA 4.7 Nanofabrication using artificial DNA 5. DNA-based nanostructures as biosensors 6. Properties of DNA-linked gold nanoparticles 6.1 Aggregation of DNA-modified gold nanoparticles 6.2 Melting of DNA-linked gold nanoparticle aggregations 6.3 Effects of external variables on the melting properties 7. Conclusion
Life with GenJam: interacting with a musical IGA

GenJam, short for genetic jammer, is an interactive genetic algorithm (IGA) that models a jazz improviser and performs as a featured soloist in the author's virtual quintet. GenJam evolves populations of melodic ideas under the guidance of a human mentor, whose feedback provides the environment under which individual ideas either survive to breed or die off. GenJam also uses its genetic algorithm machinery as a real-time melodic development paradigm to evolve phrases played by a human into its improvised responses in chase choruses. The paper provides an overview of the GenJam architecture and focuses on interface issues for three classes of users: mentors who train GenJam individually, audiences who train GenJam collectively, and performers who interact with GenJam in real-time performance situations.
Curriculum development: an integrated approach

Considerable attention is currently being paid to the development of innovative curricula that are responsive to today's demands on students, faculty, and resources, and are attentive to the needs of graduates. In engineering, these curricula are under several external constraints such as ABET standards, industrial advisory board recommendations, number of faculty, diversity of faculty effort, number of students, available resources, etc. The development of a modern curriculum requires the optimization of course offerings (and other elements of the curriculum) within the imposed constraints. A method, based on a scheme for innovation and continuous improvement, for the development of an engineering curriculum and an example case of its application (medical engineering) are described.
Outer Membrane Proteins of Escherichia coli III. Evidence that the Major Protein of Escherichia coli O111 Outer Membrane Consists of Four Distinct Polypeptide Species

Previous studies have shown that the outer membrane of Escherichia coli O111 gives a single, major, 42,000-dalton protein peak when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at neutral pH. Further studies have shown that this peak consists of more than a single polypeptide species, and on alkaline SDS-gel electrophoresis this single peak is resolved into three subcomponents designated as proteins 1, 2, and 3. By chromatography of solubilized, outer membrane protein on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose followed by chromatography on Sephadex G-200 in the presence of SDS, it was possible to separate the 42,000-dalton major protein into four distinct protein fractions. Comparison of cyanogen bromide peptides derived from these fractions indicated that they represented at least four distinct polypeptide species. Two of these proteins migrated as proteins 1 and 2 on alkaline gels. The other two proteins migrated as protein 3 on alkaline gels and cannot be separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In purified form, these major proteins do not contain bound lipopolysaccharide, phospholipid, or phosphate. These proteins may contain a small amount of carbohydrate, as evidenced by the labeling of these proteins by glucosamine, and to a lesser extent by glucose, under conditions where the metabolism of these sugars to amino acids and lipids is blocked. All of the proteins were labeled to the same extent by these sugars. Thus, it was concluded that there are at least four distinct polypeptide species with apparent molecular masses of about 42,000 daltons in the outer membrane of E. coli O111.
Reconciling late Neogene Pacific absolute and relative plate motion changes

New models of Pacific absolute plate motion relative to hot spots and models of relative plate motion involving the Pacific plate all agree there was a significant change in the late Neogene (Chron 3A, ∼5.89 Ma), reflecting a more northerly absolute motion than previously determined. As Pacific absolute plate motion became slightly more northerly, left-stepping transform segments came under compression. Some left-stepping segments became microplates with clockwise rotation; others show clear evidence of compressional deformation. Conversely, right-stepping transforms came under tension, and many developed intratransform spreading centers or show similar evidence for transform magmatism. Several large left-stepping transform offsets represent portions of the Nazca plate protruding into the Pacific and as such act as obstacles to the more northerly Pacific absolute plate motion. We suggest these obstructions act to enhance the generally tensile equatorial Pacific stress regime caused by distant slab pull. As a consequence, the greater French Polynesia region has experienced diffuse volcanism that increased considerably following the Chron 3A plate motion change. We propose that since the Hawaii-Emperor Bend time, the distant Pacific slab pull and the friction between the large, buoyant Ontong Java plateau and the northern margin of the Australia plate have produced episodes of increased tensile stresses in the equatorial Pacific. We believe these stress excursions are responsible for much of the intraplate volcanism observed in a wide triangular region from Samoa to the East Pacific and Pacific-Antarctic Rises.
Company Stock, Market Rationality, and Legal Reform

Some eleven million 401(k) plan participants take a concentrated equity position in their retirement savings account, investing more than 20% of the balance in their employer's common stock. Yet investing in the stock of one's employer is a risky investment on two counts: single securities are riskier than diversified portfolios (such as mutual funds), and the employee's human capital is typically positively correlated with the performance of the company. In the worst-case scenario, illustrated by the Enron bankruptcy, workers can lose their jobs and much of their retirement wealth simultaneously. For workers who expect to work for the company for many years, a dollar of company stock can be valued at less than 50 cents to the worker after accounting for the risks. But employees still invest voluntarily in their employers' stock, and many employers insist on making matching contributions in stock, despite the fact that a dollar of investment or contribution may be worth only 50 cents on the dollar. How can competitive labor markets sustain a situation in which employers and employees make such a fundamental miscalculation? We provide evidence that employees underestimate the risk of owning company stock, while employers overestimate the benefits associated with employee stock ownership relative to its costs. This evidence provides strong reasons to consider legal reforms in this domain. We make suggestions that would increase employees' freedom of choice and improve their welfare, but without imposing significant costs on well-meaning but ill-informed employers.
Strongly and Weakly Interacting Configurations of Hexagonal Boron Nitride on Nickel

Using density functional theory calculations with van der Waals corrections, we have investigated the stability and electronic properties of monolayer hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) on the Ni(111) surface. We have found that hBN can bind either strongly (chemisorption) or weakly to the substrate with metallic or insulating properties, respectively. While the more stable configuration is the chemisorbed structure, many weakly bound (physisorbed) states can be realized via growth around an hBN nucleus trapped in an off-registry position. This finding provides an explanation for seemingly contradictory sets of reports on the configuration of hBN on Ni(111).
Introductory Public Administration Textbooks

For both academic and practical reasons, introductory public administration textbooks need to integrate scholarship on women into their traditional presentations. This paper explores how this scholarship can be integrated into textbook presentations on the history of the administrative state, public personnel policy, organization theory, and the representativeness of bureaucracy. Also explored in this paper is why such integration is important to students' understanding of the realities in today's public sector work force, how the work environment can be improved for owmen, and what role women have played in the growth of public administration.
CP violation and target-space modular invariance

We show that, in perturbative string models where the source of CP violation is a complex vacuum expectation value (v.e.v.) for one or more compactification moduli, CP is conserved if a CP transformation acting on the modulus values is an element of a target-space (self-)duality group. Where the duality group is SL(2,Z) the result confirms a conjecture of Bailin et al. that CP is conserved for v.e.v.'s of the T modulus on the boundary of the fundamental domain, and generalises Giedt's result on the removability of complex Yukawa couplings in such models. Our result applies to any model of spontaneous CP violation where the CP-odd scalar transforms under a symmetry that is not explicitly broken. We consider whether similar results could be obtained in ``brane worlds''.
A Temporal Perspective on Learning Alliance Formation

When to enter the first learning alliance has strategic implications for firms’ long term success. However, research on timing of the first learning alliance is rare. As one of the few empirical studies on this issue, this paper aims to fill the gap by asking what the implications are when firms launch their first learning alliance at different points of time. Empirical results support the central proposition that if firms enter the first learning alliance too early or too late, they tend to rush into a second learning alliance in a short period of time. In the long run, they will lose the ability to innovate. Overall, this study has fundamental implications for organizational learning in particular and theory building in general.
Prenatal in situ hybridization test for deleted steroid sulfatase gene

X-linked ichthyosis results from steroid sulfatase (STS) deficiency; 90% of affected patients have a complete deletion of the entire 146 kb STS gene on the distal X chromosome short arm (Xp22.3). In these families prenatal diagnosis and carrier testing can be completed in 2 days by hybridizing simultaneously 2 different cosmid probes labeled with fluorescein or Texas red and counterstaining interphase nuclear DNA with DAPI. An STS gene probe labeled with Texas red hybridizes specially to the steroid sulfatase gene on the X chromosome. A second flanking probe labeled with fluorescein hybridizes to both the normal Y chromosome and normal and STS deleted X chromosomes. In this fashion the interphase nuclei of normal males, affected males, normal females, and carrier females can be distinguished unambiguously. Because normal males and carrier females each show two yellow-green fluorescein spots and one Texas red STS spot, use of this test prenatally requires determining fetal sex independently with repetitive X and Y chromosome specific probes. This procedure can be used with lymphocytes, direct and cultured chorionic villus cells, direct and cultured amniocytes, and fibroblasts. Similar methods are anticipated to be useful for rapid diagnostic assessment of other aneuploid gene disorders. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Numerical and theoretical study on ‘vortex breakdown’

Through our extensive theoretical and numerical study, we present two theorems on vortex tubes and one corollary on ‘vortex breakdown’. First, we addressed that vortex cannot have ends inside the flow field and the only vortex tube that exists inside the flow field is the ring-like vortex with or without legs on the wall. In addition, we found that the widely spread statement vortex breakdown is theoretically impossible and can never happen inside the flow field. Flow transition in a boundary layer is not caused by vortex breakdown, but rather high shear layers near the wall.
Measurement and Shaping of the Fringing Fields of the Princeton-Pennsylvania Accelerator Magnets

The fringing fields must be included in the determination of the effective length and field index of the P. P. A. weak focusing magnets. For this purpose, a null method was used to compare the magnetic field inside the gap with the fringing field integrated along a line perpendicular to the magnet end. Bz(r, t), the field component normal to the median plane varied between 0.26 and 13.9 Kgauss, at 20 cps. The measuring technique consisted in placing a short line dipole coil in the known and essentially two dimensional field (e. g.- sufficiently far from the end) and a long dipole coil through the fringing field free region. See Figure 1. The outputs of the two coils were summed into an electronic integrator. The output of the integrator was set to zero at a preselected phase of the magnet's field. Then, the azimuthal position of the coil pair was adjusted so that the output at this phase remained equal to zero when the coils were simultaneously inverted. This procedure was followed for different radial positions. Then another phase was selected. These measurements gave the effective length of the fringing fields to ±5 × 10-3 in., at B minimum, and ±5 × 10-4 in., at B maximum. The results were used to analyze and guide the design of correcting end pole pieces which produced the desired effective length and average field index. This work was performed on the P.P.A. full scale prototyped magnet.
Changing patterns of pharmaceutical practice in the United States.

Abstract In the United States, contradictions related to medicine use abound in a social environment in which the pursuit of health has become a cultural project. In a marketplace where over half a million health products are available, choices at once seem to foster agency and encourage dependency on medical fixes. The aggressive marketing of medicines as indispensable commodities co-exits with rising concerns among the lay population about what is safe in the short- and long-term. In this paper we broadly consider medication-related practice in the United States as it is affected by social, cultural, and political-economic factors. We direct attention to changes in medicine use related to product proliferation, lowered thresholds of discomfort, the economics of health care, and a revival of the self-help ethic. We also consider the manner in which the demand for and use of medications reflect deeply embedded cultural ideals and emergent perceptions of need. We juxtapose two trends in American thinking about medicines: (1) the perception that “more is better,” associated with cultural impatience with illness; and (2) a growing doubt about medicine necessity, safety, and efficacy.
Determination of S -Wave Pion-Pion Scattering Lengths

The $S$-wave pion-pion scattering lengths ${a}_{0}$ and ${a}_{2}$ in the channels of total isospin 0 and 2, respectively, are determined by requiring that the high-energy limit of the pion-pion total cross section be the same in all isospin channels. The determination consists of using the once-subtracted dispersion relation and the phase representation which are satisfied by the crossing-symmetric forward pion-pion amplitudes and also the unsubtracted dispersion relation valid for the crossing-antisymmetric amplitude. The specific approximations to be made are that the scattering becomes asymptotic fairly rapidly above the $\ensuremath{\rho}$ and $f$ resonances in respective channels, that these are the only $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$ resonances in the energy region up to the $f$ resonance, that the $S$ wave dominates below the resonances, and that the conventional effective-range expansion is valid for the $S$ wave with the effective range between zero and 2${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ (where ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ is the pion Compton wavelength and the pion-pion force range is expected to be 0.5${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ because of 2-pion exchange). The scattering lengths are determined as $\ensuremath{\mu}{a}_{0}=0.25\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08$ and $\ensuremath{\mu}{a}_{2}=0.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$. The uncertainties are based upon the variations in ${a}_{0}$ and ${a}_{2}$ due to changes in the parametrization of the $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$ scattering used in the present determination. It is found that the unknown details of high-energy scattering are relatively unimportant in this determination of ${a}_{0}$ and ${a}_{2}$. It is shown that the above values of ${a}_{0}$ and ${a}_{2}$ are consistent with the partially conserved axial-vector current sum rule due to Adler. This is contrary to the conclusion of previous authors; we attribute the difference to a different use of the sum rule. When one of the conjectured resonances ($\ensuremath{\sigma}$ and $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$) is added as a true resonance, no solution is found to make the high-energy limit of the total cross section the same with the parametrization of the phase and the cross section considered in the present work.
DFT Calculations and Monte Carlo Simulations of the Co-Adsorption of Hydrogen Atoms and Ethylidyne Species on Pt(111)

A grandcanonical Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is described for calculating surface coverages of adsorbed hydrogen atoms and ethylidyne species on Pt(111) as a function of temperature and partial pressures of ethane and hydrogen. The MC simulation is based on self-consistent, gradient-corrected density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the energies of adsorption of H atoms and ethylidyne species at various positions on a periodic Pt(111) slab. DFT calculations of lateral interaction energies between pairs of adsorbates at various distances of separation on the Pt(111) slab are reported. The MC simulation results are in agreement with results from microcalorimetric measurements at 300 K and 573−673 K of the heats of hydrogen adsorption versus adsorbate coverage on two silica-supported Pt samples and on Pt powder. The MC simulation results for the coadsorption of H atoms and ethylidyne species on Pt(111) are used to develop analytical expressions that describe the surface coverages by these species over...
Vitamin K3 (menadione) inhibits the growth of mammalian tumor cells in culture.

Abstract The effects of vitamin K on the morphology and the growth of mouse neuroblastoma (P2), mouse melanoma (B-16) and rat glioma (C-6) cells in culture were studied. Vitamin K3 inhibited the growth (due to cell death and partial or complete inhibition of cell division) of all three cell types without causing any morphological differentiation. Vitamin K3 was more effective than vitamin K1. Neuroblastoma cells were more sensitive to vitamin K3 than were melanoma or glioma cells. Glioma cells did not grow in hormone-supplemented serum-free medium; however, both neuroblastoma and melanoma cells grew to a level 70–80% of that found in serum-supplemented medium. Neuroblastoma cells and melanoma cells cultured in serum-free medium exhibited a 2–3 fold higher sensitivity to vitamin K3 than those cultured in serum-supplemented medium. This suggests that serum factors attenuate the growth inhibitory effect of vitamin K3 on tumor cells in culture, probably by reducing the availability of this vitamin to the cells. Neuroblastoma cells were more sensitive to vitamin K3 than were melanoma cells even when they were treated in serum-free medium. The fact that micromolar concentrations of vitamin K3 inhibit the growth of tumor cells in culture suggests that this vitamin may be a potentially useful anticancer agent.
Marrow transplantation in chronic granulomatous disease: an update, with 6-year follow-up.

enzymes of the coagulation cascade. Free iron, not plasma protein bound iron, is considered responsible for oxidative damage to cellular and organelle membranes? It may also inhibit function of protease enzymes of the coagulation cascade. Therapy for hemorrhage related to hepatotoxic coagulopathy involves coagulation factor replacement. If, however, there is functional impairment of coagulation factors because of peripheral inhibition by circulating free iron, it is unlikely the factor replacement or vitamin K would be beneficial. Thus therapy must include prompt removal of excess iron. Chelation therapy with deferoxamine is standard practice in severely iron-poisoned patients; unappreciated benefit may be the moderation of serious gastrointestinal hemorrhage. In many institutions rapid serum iron analysis is not available. This has led to the use of other factors (leukocytosis, hyperglycemia, vomiting, diarrhea, and radiographic demonstration of iron within the gastrointestinal tract) as indicators of thesever i ty of poisoning and the need for specific treatment. 6 If additional experience confirms the presence of an early coagulopathy in severe iron poisoning, the presence of early coagulation abnormalities could also suggest the need for deferoxamine therapy.
Nitric oxide stimulates Ca2+-independent synaptic vesicle release

Abstract A new fluorescence method using the dye FM1-43 was used to examine exocytotic release from hippocampal synaptosomes. Nitric oxide caused a marked transient stimulation of vesicle release. Several structurally unrelated nitric oxide donors, sodium nitroprusside, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, 3-morpholino-sydnonimine, and acidified sodium nitrite, were effective. Release stimulated by nitric oxide and KCI were comparable in time course, using both the fluorescence assay and [ 3 H]l-glutamate to monitor neurotransmitter release. Activation of guanylyl cyclase was not responsible for nitric oxide-stimulated release. Unlike release stimulated by KCl or A23187, nitric oxide-stimulated release was found to be independent of a rise in intrasynaptosomal Ca 2+ . Indo-1/AM measurements indicated that nitric oxide actually decreased intracellular Ca 2+ , and the Ca 2+ channel blocker Cd 2+ did not affect nitric oxide-stimulated vesicle release. Nitric oxide does, however, appear to act on the Ca 2+ -sensitive pool of vesicles. Nitric oxide may be the first physiological mediator that induces vesicle exocytosis without raising Ca 2+ and may provide an interesting new tool for the study of molecules involved in vesicle exocytosis.
Digital Computer: The Next-Generation Flagship Publication

Computer's new digital publication option is a multimedia-enhanced PDF version that offers supplemental audio, video, slide presentations, and Web extras in a portable and environmentally friendly format. This Web extra features Editor in Chief Ron Vetter introducing a new digital publication option for Computer that is multimedia-based with supplemental audio, video, slide presentations, and Web extras.
The Ventral Lateral Geniculate Nucleus and the Intergeniculate Leaflet: Interrelated Structures in the Visual and Circadian Systems

The ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN) and the intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) are retinorecipient subcortical nuclei. This paper attempts a comprehensive summary of research on these thalamic areas, drawing on anatomical, electrophysiological, and behavioral studies. From the current perspective, the vLGN and IGL appear closely linked, in that they share many neurochemicals, projections, and physiological properties. Neurochemicals commonly reported in the vLGN and IGL are neuropeptide Y, GABA, enkephalin, and nitric oxide synthase (localized in cells) and serotonin, acetylcholine, histamine, dopamine and noradrenalin (localized in fibers). Afferent and efferent connections are also similar, with both areas commonly receiving input from the retina, locus coreuleus, and raphe, having reciprocal connections with superior colliculus, pretectum and hypothalamus, and also showing connections to zona incerta, accessory optic system, pons, the contralateral vLGN/IGL, and other thalamic nuclei. Physiological studies indicate species differences, with spectral-sensitive responses common in some species, and varying populations of motion-sensitive units or units linked to optokinetic stimulation. A high percentage of IGL neurons show light intensity-coding responses. Behavioral studies suggest that the vLGN and IGL play a major role in mediating non-photic phase shifts of circadian rhythms, largely via neuropeptide Y, but may also play a role in photic phase shifts and in photoperiodic responses. The vLGN and IGL may participate in two major functional systems, those controlling visuomotor responses and those controlling circadian rhythms. Future research should be directed toward further integration of these diverse findings.
Air-Vapor Dynamics in Large-Scale Atmospheric Spray Cooling Systems

Atmospheric spray cooling systems are alternatives to cooling towers and cooling ponds. A quantity Number of Transfer Units (NTU) containing the spray drop-wise parameters allows prediction of cooling range if local wet-bulb temperature is known. The essential problem is predicting local wet-bulb proceeding windward through the spray field. Theory was developed for this purpose involving wind attenuation and turbulent diffusion. Experiments were performed on a large flow-through spray canal involving segments with two types of floating spray modules. Previous experimental data are available for a fixed manifolded spray pond. A comparison of theory and experiments shows reasonable agreement.
Reducing Accidents and Incidents Through Control of Process

Research has demonstrated that workers in aviation maintenance operations often perceive that safety and operational goals are in conflict. Investigators at Purdue University have worked with numerous aviation companies over the past 11 years to improve safety and control maintenance human errors. During that time, it has become apparent that safety goals, strategies, and programs are differentially supported depending on the operational and economic pressures experienced by an organization. Purdue researchers have often traced operational and performance stressors back to poorly structured operational processes and other factors that result in artificially induced perceptions for the need to sacrifice safety for performance. Several strategies used or developed by Purdue researchers have demonstrated that safety and productivity gains can be simultaneously achieved through the use of process mapping techniques to identify areas in need of improvement. Using these maps as a tool, organizational members have the ability to follow the product through the process and identify safety and productivity challenges. Through iterative use of the technique, dramatic improvements in safety as well as process effectiveness and efficiency have been demonstrated in actual aviation operational settings.
Closed-form solution of absolute orientation using unit quaternions

Finding the relationship between two coordinate systems using pairs of measurements of the coordinates of a number of points in both systems is a classic photogrammetric task . It finds applications i n stereoph and in robotics . I present here a closed-form solution to the least-squares problem for three or more paints . Currently various empirical, graphical, and numerical iterative methods are in use . Derivation of the solution i s simplified by use of unit quaternions to represent rotation . I emphasize a symmetry property that a solution to thi s problem ought to possess . The best translational offset is the difference between the centroid of the coordinates i n one system and the rotated and scaled centroid of the coordinates in the other system . The best scale is equal to th e ratio of the root-mean-square deviations of the coordinates in the two systems from their respective centroids . These exact results are to be preferred to approximate methods based on measurements of a few selected points . The unit quaternion representing the best rotation is the eigenvector associated with the most positive eigenvalue o f a symmetric 4 X 4 matrix . The elements of this matrix are combinations of sums of products of correspondin g coordinates of the points .
Infectious Diseases and the Liver

The liver plays an important role in host defense against invasive microorganisms. The effect of microbial pathogens on the liver can vary greatly, presenting with a wide variety of manifestations from asymptomatic increases in aminotransaminases, acute liver failure, hepatic fibrosis, and cirrhosis. In evaluating the liver manifestations of a potential infectious pathogen, diagnosis of some of the less common infectious pathogens is dependent on a high level of suspicion and recognition of some of the key diagnostic clues. Successful diagnosis can only be accomplished through a careful history, including travel and exposures, physical examination, and appropriate microbiologic studies. This article reviews the involvement of the liver during systemic infections with organisms that are not considered to be primarily hepatotropic.
Elusive facts and persuasive fictions: Goya's Allegories in the Nationalmuseum of Stockholm

There are reasons to believe that Goya was associated with the circle of ilustrados working under the influence of the 'philosophical history' imported from France and Great Britain into late eighteenth-century Spain. His connections with this intellectual milieu prompt a revaluation of the interpretation of his allegorical paintings in the Nationalmuseum in Stockholm that Folke Nordstrom proposed in 1962. Manuel Godoy, who probably owned them, favoured some authors pertaining to this historiographic trend, while also fostering projects aimed at preserving the Spanish national heritage, such as Laborde's Voyage pittoresque. The notions of history and of its relationship with poetry depicted by Goya must therefore be considered in connection with contemporary debates on the meaning and on the writing of history.
Rational Choice Analysis In Classical Chinese Political Thought: The Han Feizi

Area specialists and others have criticized the rational choice approach to political analysis as culture-bound, reflecting a modern western ethnocentric perspective. A study of the Han Feizi, the main text of the classic Chinese Legalist school, shows that the approach applies in cultural contexts greatly different from the contemporary west, and that it can be used to analyze not simply democratic politics but also the politics of despotism. The Han Feizi also makes clear, however, that rationality cannot be understood in the abstract, but only in the context of what the text calls the shi (roughly, “circumstances”). The more useful forms of political analysis are not restricted to a reconstruction of what is rational, but trace out the characteristics of the shi—the political, historical, cultural, and psychological context conditioning action and defining, at least in part, what constitutes rationality.
“They Laid Planks ‘Crost the Coffins”: The African Origin of Grave Vaulting in the United States

Grave vaulting, a vernacular burial form common in nineteenth and early twentieth century America, consists of a simple primary grave shaft at the bottom of which is dug a smaller secondary shaft or niche within which the body or coffin is placed. Typically loose boards are then placed over the secondary shaft to offer protection from the soil coming into direct contact with the body or burial container. This tradition is documented through historical accounts and hundreds of excavated graves through a survey of 86 historic cemetery investigations. Although its cultural origins have been previously unknown, this study argues that the vaulted burial form in the United States is likely of African origin. An extensive ethnological survey of historical and modern cultures throughout the continent of Africa, from 1602 to the mid twentieth century, documents both the vaulted grave form and its variations. Correlating this African cultural practice to its use in the United States demonstrates a hitherto unrecognized creolization of Euroamerican mortuary tradition with African roots, and its corollary, the retention of an African mortuary tradition by those of African descent.