cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A NONLINEAR DYNAMICS PERSPECTIVE OF WOLFRAM'S NEW KIND OF SCIENCE PART VI: FROM TIME-REVERSIBLE ATTRACTORS TO THE ARROW OF TIME

This paper proves, via an analytical approach, that 170 (out of 256) Boolean CA rules in a one-dimensional cellular automata (CA) are time-reversible in a generalized sense. The dynamics on each attractor of a time-reversible rule N is exactly mirrored, in both space and time, by its bilateral twin ruleN†. In particular, all 69 period-1 rules, 17 (out of 25) period-2 rules, and 84 (out of 112) Bernoulli rules are time-reversible. The remaining 86 CA rules are time-irreversible in the sense that N and N† mirror their dynamics only in space, but not in time. In this case, each attractor of N defines a unique arrow of time. A simple "time-reversal test" is given for testing whether an attractor of a CA rule is time-reversible or time-irreversible. For a time-reversible attractor of a CA rule N the past can be uniquely recovered from the future of N†, and vice versa. This remarkable property provides 170 concrete examples of CA time machines where time travel can be routinely achieved by merely hopping from o...
Immunochemical specificity of autoanti‐Gerbich from two patients with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and concomitant alteration in the red cell membrane sialoglycoprotein β

Blood samples from two patients with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, whose autoantibodies failed to agglutinate certain examples of red cells that lack Gerbich blood group antigens, were studied using immunochemical analyses. One of these autoantibodies differed from all other anti-Ge in that it showed a unique beta sialoglycoprotein (SGP) specificity. It reacted with normal beta but not with the abnormal beta-related SGPs associated with Gerbich-negative red cells of the Gerbich and Yus types. Red cells from this patient had an alteration of beta SGP, while the alpha, gamma and delta SGPs appeared to be normal. The autoantibody from the other patient did not show this unique characteristic. Its immunochemical specificity was similar to alloanti-Ge3 in that it reacted with both beta and gamma SGPs from normal red cell membranes and with the abnormal beta-related SGPs found in red cell membranes from individuals with Gerbich-negative red cells of the Yus type. Red cells from this patient could not be analysed because she had recently received a massive transfusion of red cells.
Location, location, location!: modeling data proximity in the cloud

Cloud applications have increasingly come to rely on distributed storage systems that hide the complexity of handling network and node failures behind simple, data-centric interfaces (such as PUTs and GETs on key-value pairs). While these interfaces are very easy to use, the application is completely oblivious to the location of its data in the network; as a result, it has no way to optimize the placement of data or computation. In this paper, we propose exposing the network location of data to applications. The primary challenge is that data does not usually exist at a single point in the network; it can be striped, replicated, cached and coded across different locations, in arbitrary ways that vary across storage systems. For example, an item that is synchronously mirrored in both Seattle and London will appear equally far from both locations for writes, but equally close to both locations for reads. Accordingly, we describe Contour, a system that allows applications to query and manipulate the location of data without requiring them to be aware of the physical machines storing the data, the replication protocols used or the underlying network topology.
Evaluation of the Anti-Terminator Q933 Gene as a Marker for Escherichia coli O157:H7 with High Shiga Toxin Production

The anti-terminator Q933 gene of the bacteriophage 933W was evaluated as a marker for Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains with high Shiga toxin production. In total, 262 environmental strains of E. coli O157:H7 isolated from feces of beef cattle and the digestive tract of houseflies were screened for the Q933 and Q21 (anti-terminator Q21 of bacteriophage 21) genes by polymerase chain reaction. Nine (3.4%) isolates tested positive for Q933 alone, 161 (61.5%) were positive for the Q21 gene alone, and 92 (35.1%) isolates carried both Q alleles. Results from the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay show that the isolates with Q933 alone produced significantly more Shiga toxin than the remaining isolates. The difference was even greater after the induction of the toxin production by a short exposure of cells to ultraviolet light. These data suggest that Q933 is a promising indicator for environmental E. coli O157:H7 with high production of Shiga toxins and, therefore, for potentially clinically relevant strains.
Affinity and enzyme-based biosensors: recent advances and emerging applications in cell analysis and point-of-care testing

The applications of biosensors range from environmental testing and biowarfare agent detection to clinical testing and cell analysis. In recent years, biosensors have become increasingly prevalent in clinical testing and point-of-care testing. This is driven in part by the desire to decrease the cost of health care, to shift some of the analytical tests from centralized facilities to “frontline” physicians and nurses, and to obtain more precise information more quickly about the health status of a patient. This article gives an overview of recent advances in the field of biosensors, focusing on biosensors based on enzymes, aptamers, antibodies, and phages. In addition, this article attempts to describe efforts to apply these biosensors to clinical testing and cell analysis.
Occupy: A case illustration of social movements in global citizenship education:

Due to the complex nature of global understanding and practice of citizenship, it is essential to understand how to educate for a responsive public sphere with active and emancipated citizens. This...
Motion corrected intracranial MRA using PROPELLER with RF quadratic encoding

A new motion corrected Time-of-Flight MRA technique named Variable Pitch PROPELLER is presented. This technique employs the PROPELLER acquisition and reconstruction scheme for in-plane bulk motion correction. A non- Fourier through-plane encoding mechanism called quadratic encoding boosts SNR, relative to conventional 2D MRA, in lieu of traditional 3D encoding. Partial Fourier encoding is applied in the slice direction for a further reduction in scan time. This work details the construction and optimization of this technique. VPPROP MRAs are compared with a clinical MOTSA protocol. Initial results show promising robustness to bulk motion effects. The comparisons with MOTSA provide insight as to the additions required to create a comparable scan.
Flavin mononucleotide-binding flavoprotein family in the domain Archaea.

The protein (AfpA, for archaeoflavoprotein) encoded by AF1518 in the genome of Archaeoglobus fulgidus was produced in Escherichia coli and characterized. AfpA was found to be a homodimer with a native molecular mass of 43 kDa and containing two noncovalently bound flavin mononucleotides (FMNs). The cell extract of A. fulgidus catalyzed the CO-dependent reduction of AfpA that was stimulated by the addition of ferredoxin. Ferredoxin was found to be a direct electron donor to purified AfpA, whereas rubredoxin was unable to substitute. Neither NADH nor NADPH was an electron donor. Ferricyanide, 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, several quinones, ferric citrate, bovine cytochrome c, and O2 accepted electrons from reduced AfpA, whereas coenzyme F420 did not. The rate of cytochrome c reduction was enhanced in the presence of O2 suggesting that superoxide is a product of the interaction of reduced AfpA with O2. Although AF1518 was previously annotated as encoding a decarboxylase involved in coenzyme A biosynthesis, the results establish that AfpA is an electron carrier protein with ferredoxin as the physiological electron donor. The genomes of several diverse Archaea contained afpA homologs clustered with open reading frames annotated as homologs of genes encoding reductases involved in the oxidative stress response of anaerobes from the domain Bacteria. A potential role for AfpA in coupling electron flow from ferredoxin to the putative reductases is discussed. A search of the databases suggests that AfpA is the prototype of a previously unrecognized flavoprotein family unique to the domain Archaea for which the name archaeoflavoprotein is proposed.
One-test-at-a-time heuristic search for interaction test suites

Algorithms for the construction of software interaction test suites have focussed on the special case of pairwise coverage; less is known about efficiently constructing test suites for higher strength coverage. The combinatorial growth of t-tuples associated with higher strength hinders the efficacy of interaction testing. Test suites are inherently large, so testers may not run entire test suites. To address these problems, we combine a simple greedy algorithmallwith heuristic search to construct and dispense one test at a time. Our algorithm attempts to maximize the number of t-tuples covered by the earliest tests so that if a tester only runs a partial test suite, they test as many t-tuples as possible.allHeuristic search is shown to provide effective methods for achieving such coverage.
Signal modeling with stochastic and deterministic data: a lossless inverse scattering approach

It is often desirable to obtain low-order models for signals and systems, which preserve stochastic (steady-state) properties such as autocorrelation coefficients as well as deterministic (transient) properties such as impulse response coefficients of the underlying true model. Recursive and computationally efficient algorithms are developed using the theory of lossless inverse scattering. Moreover, this approach enables one to solve a more general problem, namely, to interpolate the spectral factor and the scattering function associated with the process at complex points. >
Development of high-order realizable finite-volume schemes for quadrature-based moment method

Kinetic equations containing terms for spatial transport, gravity, fluid drag and particleparticle collisions can be used to model dilute gas-particle flows. However, the enormity of independent variables makes direct numerical simulation of these equations almost impossible for practical problems. A viable alternative is to reformulate the problem in terms of moments of velocity distribution. Recently, a quadrature-based moment method was derived by Fox for approximating solutions to kinetic equation for arbitrary Knudsen number. Fox also described 1 st - and 2 nd -order finite-volume schemes for solving the equations. The success of the new method is based on a moment-inversion algorithm that is used to calculate non-negative weights and abscissas from moments. The moment-inversion algorithm does not work if the moments are non-realizable, meaning they do not correspond to a distribution function. Not all the finite-volume schemes lead to realizable moments. Desjardins et al. showed that realizability is guaranteed with the 1 st -order finite-volume scheme, but at the expense of excess numerical diffusion. In the present work, the nonrealizability of the standard 2 nd -order finite-volume scheme is demonstrated and a generalized idea for the development of high-order realizable finite-volume schemes for quadrature-based moment methods is presented. This marks a significant improvement in the accuracy of solutions using the quadrature-based moment method as the use of 1 st -order scheme to guarantee realizability is no longer a limitation.
Perpetuating Social Movements amid Declining Opportunity: The Survival Strategies of Two Argentine Piquetero Groups

This article examines the recent behaviour in Argentina of two national protest groups of socalled ‘piqueteros’ or picketers (impoverished unemployed individuals who used the blockage of strategic roads and bridges to force government concessions) that emerged politically in the buildup to the crisis of 2001-2002. Using theoretical concepts developed by McAdam, Tarrow, and Tilly in understanding social movements, the author analyses what he calls the ‘survival strategy’ adopted by their leaders as the political opportunities that produced their initial growth gave way to a more hostile environment with the normalization of Argentine politics under the Kirchner administration. While the two piquetero groups studied differ considerably in terms of their politics and ideology, both ended up depending on the same traditional tactic of utilizing important government contacts to obtain the resources necessary for organizational maintenance, despite their nominal identity as radical protesters against the present political system. Resumen: Perpetuando movimientos sociales y oportunidades decrecientes: las estrategias de sobrevivencia de dos grupos de piqueteros argentines Este articulo examina el comportamiento reciente de dos grupos nacionales de protesta argentinos llamados ‘piqueteros’ (desempleados empobrecidos que usaron el bloqueo de calles y puentes estrategicos para forzar concesiones gubernamentales) que aparecieron durante la crisis de 2001- 2002. Utilizando conceptos teoricos creados por McAdam, Tarrow, y Tilly en su discusion sobre los movimientos sociales, el autor analiza lo que describe como ‘estrategias de sobrevivencia’ adoptadas por sus dirigentes cuando las oportunidades que ocasionaron su crecimiento inicial cedieron ante un ambiente mas hostil en el contexto de la normalizacion de la politica argentina durante la administracion de Kirchner. Aunque los dos grupos piqueteros estudiados se diferencian mucho en terminos de su politica e ideologia, ambos terminaron dependiendo de la misma tactica tradicional consistente en el recurso a contactos politicos oficiales indispensables para lograr los recursos necesarios para el mantenimiento organizacional del grupo, pese a su identidad nominal como radicales detractores del sistema politico imperante.
Dispersion behavior of surface waves on metal wires in the terahertz frequency range

Dispersive behavior of terahertz surface waves on metal wires is experimentally and theoretically studied. The fine structures show this behavior is different from that of surface plasmon polaritons on planer metal surfaces or metal nanorods.
Design and analysis of dynamic Huffman codes

A new one-pass algorithm for constructing dynamic Huffman codes is introduced and analyzed. We also analyze the one-pass algorithm due to Faller, Gallager, and Knuth. In each algorithm, both the sender and the receiver maintain equivalent dynamically varying Huffman trees, and the coding is done in real time. We show that the number of bits used by the new algorithm to encode a message containing t letters is
Abnormal placentation and the syndrome of preeclampsia

Preeclampsia, particularly the severe cases that occur early in pregnancy, is associated with defects in the (placental) cytotrophoblast differentiation pathway that leads to uterine invasion. At a morphologic level, interstitial invasion often is shallow. Perhaps more significantly, endovascular invasion, particularly the arterial component, is rudimentary. The latter defect is thought to lead to hypoperfusion of the placenta. At a molecular level, these defects are associated with particular deficits in the differentiation process whereby cytotrophoblasts—epithelial cells of ectodermal origin—assume vascular-like properties. Until recently, the question was how the latter defects could lead to the maternal symptoms of this condition. Now a possible link in the form of preeclampsia-associated changes in placental production of vasculogenic/angiogenic substances and their inhibitors has been discovered. It is likely that this new paradigm will improve both diagnosis and treatment of this life-threatening pregnancy complication.
NEMS applications of graphene

Graphene, which consists of a single atomic sheet of graphene, possesses high electronic mobility, and excellent mechanical properties, making it an ideal candidate for nanoelectromechanical (NEMS) applications, including sensing and signal processing. Toward these applications, we have measured the mechanical properties of graphene sheets and demonstrated fabrication and electrical readout of monolayer graphene NEMS that show vibrational resonances in the MHz range. The dependence of the resonant frequency on applied gate voltage yields the mass density and built-in strain. Upon addition of mass, we observe changes in both the density and the strain, indicating that adsorbates impart tension to the graphene. The quality factor increases monotonically with decreasing temperature and reaches ∼104 at 5 K.
Spinal NMDA receptor activation is necessary for de novo, but not the maintenance of, A2a receptor-mediated phrenic motor facilitation

Adenosine 2a (A2a) receptor agonists elicit persistent increases in phrenic nerve activity by transactivating the neurotrophin receptor, TrkB, near phrenic motoneurons. Our working model proposes t...
The Organizing and Managing of Organizational Behavior: A Review of First Edition Organizational Behavior Texts

The article presents reviews several books on organizational behavior, including “Organizational Behavior: A Managerial Viewpoint,” by R. Albanese and D. Van Fleet, “Behavior in Organizations: Understanding and Managing the Human Side of Work,” by R. A. Baron, and “Managing Individual and Group Behavior in Organizations,” by D. C. Feldman and H. J. Arnold.
Image Eaters: Big Art Group Brings the Noise

Making noisy art for noisy times, New York ensemble Big Art Group's hyper-mediated aesthetic stages the sensory surfeit of modern life. Employing batteries of screens, prismatic live-feed video, and roaring digital soundscapes, the company's experiments with attention and perception create a new model for political theatre grounded in the contested dynamics of spectatorship.
An Interactionist Perspective on Interpersonal Dependency

Interpersonal dependency—the tendency to look to others for nurturance, guidance, protection, and support, even in situations where autonomous functioning is possible—has become associated with passivity, immaturity, and dysfunction in the minds of mental health professionals. However, research suggests that dependent persons behave quite actively—even aggressively—in certain contexts. Although dependency is associated with certain forms of dysfunction (e.g., perpetration of domestic violence when close relationships are threatened), it is also linked with an array of adaptive behaviors (e.g., conscientiousness in complying with medical and psychotherapeutic treatment regimens). The cognitive/interactionist (C/I) model of interpersonal dependency provides a framework for understanding contextual variations in dependency-related responding: Although dependent behaviors vary from situation to situation based on perceived opportunities and risks, the dependent person’s core beliefs (a perception of oneself a...
Factors Associated With Low Body Mass Index and Weight Loss in Nursing Home Residents

BACKGROUND Undernutrition in nursing home residents is a significant and possibly modifiable public health problem. We evaluated the hypothesis that some potentially modifiable factors are associated with resident undernutrition. METHODS This study is a cross-sectional, secondary data analysis of 6,832 community nursing home residents sampled from 202 nursing homes in 7 states. Data were from the Minimum Data Set (MDS), and HCFA-mandated resident assessment instrument used in U.S. community nursing homes. Two dependent variables represented undernutrition: (a) low body mass index (BMI), defined as the lowest quartile BMI of the sample (19.42 kg/m2 and below); and (b) weight loss, an MDS measure defined as 5% decrease in weight in 30 days, or a 10% decrease in 180 days (9.9% of the sample). Independent variables included resident demographics, eating-related variables, variables measuring functional, cognitive, and affective statuses, and medical conditions. Separate logistic regression models were estimated for low BMI and weight loss to test multivariate associations. RESULTS Poor oral intake, eating dependency, decubiti, and chewing problems increase the likelihood of both low BMI and weight loss. Female gender, age 85 or older, bedfast, and hip fracture increase the odds of low BMI only; depressed behaviors and two or more chronic diseases increase the odds of weight loss only. CONCLUSION Undernutrition in nursing home residents is a multifactorial syndrome. Improved oral feeding methods and treatment of depression are potentially important ways to counteract undernutrition in nursing home residents by targeting reversible features.
Deepwater Indo-Pacific species of the snake-eel genus Ophichthus (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae), with the description of nine new species

The 19 Indo-Pacific species of the snake-eel genus Ophichthus (family Ophichthidae, subfamily Ophichthinae) that live at or below 200 m are reviewed. Included are: Ophichthus aphotistos, O. brachynotopterus, O. echeloides, O. exourus, O. genie, O. kunaloa, O. megalops, O. mystacinus, O. serpentinus, O. urolophus, and nine new species which are described: O. alleni from 115–200 m off eastern Australia; O. aniptocheilos from 391–421 m off Tonga; O. congroides from 300 m off the Tuamotu Islands; O. hirritus from 600 m off the Seychelle Islands; O. humanni from 254–300 m off Vanuatu; O. ishiyamorum from 258–400 m off the Gulf of Aden, Somalia; O. lentiginosus from 400 m off Vanuatu and New Caledonia; O. microstictus from 362–450 m off Tonga, Fiji, and possibly New Caledonia; and O. tomioi from 300– 423 m off the Philippines, Marquesas, Fiji, and the Seychelle Islands. The range and depth distributions of the following are expanded to include: O. brachynotopterus to New Caledonia and Vanuatu between 541–580 m; O. mystacinus to Tonga, Fiji, and the Philippines between 371–824 m; and O. urolophus to Western Australia and Indonesia between 40– 420 m. An identification key is provided. Characteristics and the behavior of species of the subgenus Coecilophis, to which all treated species except O. aphotistos belong, is discussed. Ophichthys madagascariensis Fourmanoir (1961) is proposed to be a junior synonym of Pisodonophis cancrivorus (Richardson 1848).
Sebaceous carcinoma on the abdomen in an African-American male patient

Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare, aggressive cutaneous tumor most commonly involving the head and neck, especially the periorbital area. It has been associated with Muir–Torre syndrome, human papillomavirus infection, and radiotherapy. This case report describes an unusual clinical presentation of a large sebaceous carcinoma on the abdomen of an African-American male patient who was successfully treated with Mohs micrographic surgery. The case is reported due to the unusual location of the lesion on the abdomen and the rare occurrence of this tumor type in an African-American male.
The influence of recruitment order and temperature on muscle contraction with special reference to motor unit fatigue.

Although recruitment in man often proceeds from the slowest to fastest motor units, a variety of stimuli can alter this order. To study the effect of recruitment order on isometric performance, the tetanic tension of individual fast and slow twitch motor units was measured during fatiguing isometric contractions of the medial gastrocnemius muscle of the cat with recruitment proceeding from either the slowest to fastest or fastest to slowest motor units throughout the contractions. The muscles were stimulated electrically through the ventral roots of the spinal cord. Fatiguing isometric tensions were examined at 10, 20, 40, 70, or 100% of the initial strength of the muscles at 28 and 38‡ C. The results of these experiments showed that for contractions at low isometric tensions (20 and 40% of the muscles' strength), especially at the lower temperature, the endurance was longer when recruitment proceeded from the slowest to fastest units. The reason for this appeared to be linked to the more rapid rate of fall of tension over time in fast as opposed to slow twitch motor units.
UNORTHODOXIES IN REPTILIAN PHYLOGENY.

Thanks to the labors of numerous workers during the past half-century, the general pattern of reptilian evolution has become clear in most regards. Except for occasional problematica, most fossil and recent reptiles can be assigned to one or another of half a dozen or so evolutionary lines and arrayed, in orders and subclasses, in a reasonable system of classification, such as that which I recently outlined in this journal (Romer, 1967). But while I believe a majority of competent workers would agree to most features of such a pattern of phylogeny and classification, the situation is far from being in a set, solid state. Complacency is unwarranted, and suggestions of alternatives should be welcomed and carefully considered. I wish here to discuss two proposals for modification with which I do not agree but which are advocated by very competent workers and hence worthy of careful consideration. These are (1) Reig's suggestion that the great archosaur group has arisen from primitive members of the mammal-like synapsid stock, and (2) Kuhn-Schnyder's advocacy of the theory that the reptiles are not a natural group, but have arisen in a number of independent lines from amphibian ancestors.
Automated finite element modeling of the lumbar spine: Using a statistical shape model to generate a virtual population of models

Population-based modeling of the lumbar spine has the potential to be a powerful clinical tool. However, developing a fully parameterized model of the lumbar spine with accurate geometry has remained a challenge. The current study used automated methods for landmark identification to create a statistical shape model of the lumbar spine. The shape model was evaluated using compactness, generalization ability, and specificity. The primary shape modes were analyzed visually, quantitatively, and biomechanically. The biomechanical analysis was performed by using the statistical shape model with an automated method for finite element model generation to create a fully parameterized finite element model of the lumbar spine. Functional finite element models of the mean shape and the extreme shapes (±3 standard deviations) of all 17 shape modes were created demonstrating the robust nature of the methods. This study represents an advancement in finite element modeling of the lumbar spine and will allow population-based modeling in the future.
Review: exercise therapy reduces pain and improves function in chronic but not acute low-back pain

Source Citation Hayden JA, van Tulder MW, Malmivaara AV, Koes BW. Exercise therapy for treatment of non-specific low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(3):CD000335. 16034851 Hayden JA, va...
Communication between the pharmacy and the emergency department to facilitate alteplase delivery for patients with stroke.

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in the United States. Early reperfusion therapy with fibrinolytics in appropriate patients is the standard of care for improving neurologic outcomes.[1][1] Alteplase provides the greatest benefit in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke when it is
Children with Cough and Fever: Up-to-date Imaging Evaluation and Management

Cough and fever in infants and children are frequent but nonspecific symptoms. Several usual differential diagnoses are under consideration and imaging is often necessary to help arrive at an accurate diagnosis and ensure proper management. A broad spectrum of underlying disorders may be present. Radiologists must remain cognizant of the potential for immune dysfunction and underlying structural abnormalities. A clear understanding of up-to-date imaging evaluation recommendations and characteristic imaging features can assist radiologists and clinicians in arriving at the most accurate diagnosis in a timely manner and help ensure proper management and necessary follow-up imaging assessment.
Metamodeling for multimodal selection functions in evolutionary multi-objective optimization

Most real-world optimization problems involve computationally expensive simulations for evaluating a solution. Despite significant progress in the use of metamodels for single-objective optimization, metamodeling methods have received a lukewarm attention for multi-objective optimization. A recent study classified various metamodeling approaches, of which one particular method is interesting, challenging, and novel. In this paper, we study this so-called M6 method in detail. In this approach, a selection operator's assignment function, as it is implemented in an evolutionary multi-objective optimization (EMO) algorithm, is directly metamodeled. Thus, this methodology requires only one selection function to be metamodeled irrespective of multitude of objective and constraint functions in a problem. However, the flip side of the methodology is that the resulting function is multimodal having a different optimum for every desired Pareto-optimal solution. We have used two different selection functions based on two recent ideas: (i) KKT proximity measure function and (ii) multimodal based evolutionary multi-objective (MEMO) selection function. The resulting meta-modeling methods are applied to a number of standard two and three-objective constraint and unconstrained test problems. Near Pareto-optimal solutions are found using only a fraction of high-fidelity solution evaluations compared to usual EMO applications.
Regenerative trapping: How Pd improves the durability of Pt diesel oxidation catalysts

Abstract Pt is an active component in diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs) but it ripens to form large particles at elevated temperatures due to significant vapor phase transport of PtO2. Adding Pd improves the durability of the catalyst but there is no clear consensus in the literature for the responsible mechanism. In this study, we examined the role of PtO2 vapor pressure on sintering. The vapor pressure of PtO2 was determined by measuring the emission of Pt using planar model catalysts and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Significant emission of Pt to the vapor phase was observed in a Pt/SiO2 model catalyst that was aged in flowing air at 800 °C. Adding Pd lowered the rate of emission, and so did decreasing the oxygen concentration. Lowering of the vapor pressure of PtO2 led to a decreased rate of sintering. However, the most significant decrease in sintering rate was observed in the presence of excess PdO. The excess PdO serves to trap mobile Pt species, resulting in significantly smaller Pt-Pd particles after aging in air at 800 °C for 10 h. When PtO2 is emitted from a metallic Pt-Pd particle it can result in the formation of a separate PdO phase. Hence, in these catalysts the PdO is regenerated in the course of catalyst sintering. We propose that regenerative trapping of mobile Pt species by PdO plays an important role in improving the durability of Pt-Pd bimetallic catalysts.
To the Editor: Cardiac mass: Tumor or thrombus?

TO THE EDITOR : We read with great interest the article by Patnaik et al[1][1] about a patient who had a cardiac metastasis of ovarian cancer, and we would like to raise a few points. It is important to clarify that metastatic cardiac tumors are not necessary malignant. Intravenous leiomyomatosis
Crenshaw Boulevard, Los Angeles: Contact and Exit

For where does one run to when he's already in the promised land? – Claude Brown, Manchild in the Promised Land , 1965 And then I remember my dad said, “It's going to change” because you could see it. I guess he could, I couldn't, I didn't really understand it. – Charles, Crenshaw Boulevard, Los Angeles, 2009 I've already written of taking the bus in Los Angeles westbound on Sunset Boulevard from Hollywood to UCLA in Westwood. Continuing in that direction and reaching the terminus at the Pacific Ocean will put you in Pacific Palisades, one of the most homogeneously white locations in Los Angeles County – 89 percent Anglo. But if, instead, you took Sunset Boulevard eastward all the way to the end, you would reach another demographic extreme. As the name on the street signs changes from Sunset Boulevard to Cesar E. Chavez Avenue and then to Avenida Cesar Chavez, you will find yourself in Boyle Heights and East Los Angeles, 97 and 95 percent Latino, respectively. These neighborhoods are by some measures the least diverse places in Los Angeles County – almost entirely Latino and overwhelmingly of Mexican heritage. A bird's-eye view of the Los Angeles Basin's Latino population shows them in all but the most exclusive sections of the city, but also shows a steady increase in Latino density as you move away from the ocean, culminating in the homogeneous bastion of East Los Angeles. (See Figure 8.1. In this and in the other maps in this chapter, black dots represent the exact location of individual Black voters and gray dots represent the exact location of individual Latino voters (see below for how I do this).) Visit East LA and Boyle Heights and you will likely hear nothing but Spanish. But look at the street signs and you will see names that seem out of place, such as Eagle, Wabash, and McBride. These names are there, of course, because these neighborhoods weren't always Latino. Built up in the first half of the twentieth century, they were primarily Anglo, with a large Jewish population in Boyle Heights.
Measuring the Dimension of Self-Affine Fractals: Example of Rough Surfaces

Many geophysical records are in the form of time or spatial series, where a parameter is observed sequentially at discrete intervals in time or space. Examples include the roughness of natural fractures in rock, land and seafloor topography, the spatial series comprising geophysical well logs, and some geophysical time series (some hydrologic records, for example). A description of the geometry of these functions is essential to studies of the mechanical and transport properties of fractures in rock (Brown and Scholz, 1986; Brown, 1989; scattering of acoustic waves from the sea floor (Fox and Hayes, 1985), detecting fractures by acoustic methods (deBilly and others, 1980); characterizing the spatial variation of permeability in oil and gas reservoirs and aquifers (Hewett, 1986); and evaluating the persistence of some time-dependent geophysical phenomena, including stream flows (Mandelbrot and Wallis, 1969). In each of the examples just cited, a class of fractals known as self-affine have been used to describe the spatial or time series. The distinction between self-affine fractals and the more familiar self-similar fractals is discussed in a subsequent section.
The Sedimentological Significance of Trace Fossils

In sedimentologie and stratigraphie studies we should consider most trace fossils for what they are: sedimentary structures. Used in this context, trace fossils can furnish valuable information concerning (1) general depositional processes, (2) episodes of local deposition and erosion, and (3) characteristics of currents, substrate consistency, and in some instances, causes of sediment sorting. This information is important in and for itself, and it should also be utilized more fully by paleoecologists and others concerned with the reconstruction of ancient depositional environments.
Analysis of Security Protocols for Wireless Networks

Security is a serious concern in wireless networks. In order to eliminate the vulnerabilities in previous Standards, the IEEE 802.11i Standard is designed to provide security enhancements in MAC layer. The authentication process consists of several components, including an 802.1X authentication phase using TLS over EAP, a 4-Way Handshake to establish a fresh session key, and an optional Group Key Handshake for group communications. The objective of this work is to analyze IEEE 802.11i with respect to data confidentiality, integrity, mutual authentication, and availability. Under our threat model, 802.11i appears to provide effective data confidentiality and integrity when CCMP is used. 802.11i may also provide satisfactory mutual authentication and key management, although there are some potential implementation oversights that may cause severe problems. On the other hand, we identified several Denial of Service attacks. Different solutions are proposed for these vulnerabilities, which result in an improved variant of 802.11i with a more efficient failure recovery mechanism. Some of the resulting improvements have been adopted by the IEEE 802.11 TGi in their final deliberation. We used a finite-state verification tool, called Murp, to analyze the 4-Way Handshake component. Our result shows that finite-state verification is quite effective for analyzing security protocols. Furthermore, we adopted Protocol Composition Logic to conduct a correctness proof of 802.11i, including SSL/TLS as a component. The proof is modular, comprising a separate proof for each protocol component and providing insight into the networking environment in which each component can be reliably used. Finally, we showed that 802.11i can significantly reduce the complexity of designing a secure routing protocol when it is deployed in wireless ad hoc networks.
Law Professor Amicus Brief in Massachusetts Lobstermen's Association v. Ross Regarding the Legality of the Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument

This amicus brief discusses how, under domestic law, the President can establish national monuments, pursuant to the Antiquities Act, in the ocean. It focuses on the seabed's status as "land owned or controlled by the federal government" under U.S. law, as the Antiquities Act requires, and on the President's authority to regulate fishing within marine national monuments.
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with Spinal Subdural Hematoma: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature

Objective Spinal subdural hematoma (S-SDH) rarely occurs after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Little information is known regarding the management and prognosis of patients with both S-SDH and SAH. Here, we present an illustrative case and provide a systematic review of S-SDH in the setting of SAH. Methods A systematic literature review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines revealed 11 previous cases of concurrent intracranial SAH and spinal SDH, which are presented with our new reported case. Results Intracranial sources of spontaneous SAH included 8 aneurysms, 1 pseudoaneurysm, and 3 angiogram-negative cases. Hunt Hess grades ranged from 1 to 4, mean time between SAH and S-SDH was 5.8 days, and S-SDH presented most frequently in the lumbar spine. Eight patients showed significant to complete clinical recovery, 2 had continued plegia of the lower extremities, and 2 expired. Modified Rankin scores (mRS) ranged from 0 to 6, with mRS >2 for 4 of 12 patients. Patients with a poor clinical outcome (mRS >2) had an initially negative cerebral angiogram, earlier presentation with less time between SAH and S-SDH (0.8 vs. 7.6 days), use of antithrombotic medication, no diversion of cerebrospinal fluid, and cervical or thoracic S-SDH. Conclusion S-SDH is uncommon in the setting of aneurysmal SAH; better outcomes are associated with lumbar location, delayed presentation, cerebrospinal fluid diversion, and lack of antithrombotic use. Conservative treatment may be sufficient in patients with delayed S-SDH and lack of significant neurologic deficits. More reported cases will allow greater understanding of this clinical entity.
Existentialism and Ecstasy: Colin Wilson’s Phenomenological Account of Peak Experiences

This paper critically examines the philosophical foundations of Colin Wilson’s New Existentialism. I will show how Wilson’s writings promoted a phenomenological strategy for understanding states of ecstatic affirmation within so-called ‘peak experiences’. Wilson subsequently attempted to use the life affirming insights bestowed by peak states to establish an ontological ground for values to serve as a foundation for his New Existentialism. Because of its psychological focus however, I argue that Wilson’s New Existentialism contains an ambivalent framework for establishing ontological categories, which leads his thought into theoretical difficulties. More precisely, Wilson’s strategy runs into problems in coherently integrating its explicitly psychological interpretation of Husserl’s theory of intentionality within a broader, and philosophically coherent, phenomenological framework. Wilson’s psychological reading of Husserl’s transcendental reduction, for example, manifests tensions in how it reconciles the empirical basis of acts of transcendence with an essentialist conception of the self as a transcendental ego. The above tensions, I argue, ultimately render the New Existentialism susceptible to criticism from a Husserlian-transcendental perspective. After outlining a Husserlian critique of Wilson’s position, I end the paper by suggesting how some of the central insights of the New Existentialism might help to bridge the gap that persists between pure phenomenological description and metaphysics.
Layered-ECC: A Class of Double Error Correcting Codes for High Density Memory Systems

As memory technology scales, the demand for higher performance and reliable operation is increasing as well. For main memory, e.g., DRAM, a conventional single error correcting double error detecting (SEC-DED) code may not be sufficient. However, existing double error correcting (DEC) codes either have very high decoder latency or high data redundancy. For flash-based memories, e.g., NAND flash, using a highly complex decoding scheme with a large number of clock cycles for the whole procedure creates a performance bottleneck. In this paper, a layered DEC code is proposed with a simple decoding procedure. The codes are shown to strike a good balance between redundancy and decoder complexity. A general construction methodology is presented. Two different decoding schemes can be implemented using the proposed methodology. One is a low latency decoding scheme that is useful for main memories which need high speed decoding for optimal performance. This scheme is shown to achieve better redundancy compared to existing low-latency codes as well as faster decoder latency compared to existing low-redundancy codes. The second decoding scheme is a low complexity decoding scheme which is useful for flash-based memories. This scheme is shown to have considerably less area compared to existing schemes. Also, it is shown that the proposed serial low complexity decoding scheme can take significantly fewer cycles to complete the whole decoding procedure; thus, enabling better performance compared to existing serial decoding schemes.
Role of imaging in the diagnosis of vascular malformations vascular malformations

Imaging evaluation of vascular malformations (VM) is paramount for proper diagnosis and treatment planning. These lesions often present as complex vascular masses with arterial, venous and lymphatic components, requiring the use of advanced imaging modalities for full anatomical characterization. Symptoms also depend of the location and flow characteristic of such lesions and range from: asymptomatic to severe forms of cardiac arteriovenous shunting. We present an overview of the diagnostic work-up of VM per most recent classification systems and describe imaging characteristics of such lesions at ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a diagnostic tool for work-up of such patients.
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against serotype 3 pneumococcal pneumonia in adults: A systematic review and pooled analysis.

Abstract Background Serotype 3 pneumococcal disease has not substantially declined at the population level after the routine introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) into pediatric immunization programs across the globe. This epidemiological finding has generated debate regarding the effectiveness of PCV13 against serotype 3 disease. Evaluating PCV13 effectiveness against serotype 3 is especially critical in adults, where serotype 3 makes up an important amount of remaining pneumococcal disease. Methods We performed a systematic review of the published literature to assess the direct effectiveness of PCV13 against serotype 3 community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) among adults. We then estimated overall vaccine effectiveness (VE) using a pooled analysis of the individual-level, raw data. Results Two published studies met inclusion criteria. One was a randomized controlled trial conducted in the Netherlands and published in 2014. The other was a recently-published case-control study conducted in Louisville, Kentucky that used a test-negative design (TND). We also identified a third TND study conducted in Argentina that was recently presented as a conference abstract but is not yet published. All three studies were conducted in adults aged ≥65 years. PCV13 VE against serotype 3 hospitalized CAP was 52.5% (95%CI: 6.2–75.9%) from the pooled analysis of individual-level data from all three studies. Results were similar if the unpublished estimate was excluded (serotype 3 VE = 53.6% [95%CI: 6.7–76.9%]). No heterogeneity was observed. Conclusions Currently-available evidence, although limited to three studies, suggests that PCV13 provides direct protection against serotype 3 hospitalized CAP in adults aged ≥65 years.
The Optimal Design of A High-Temperature PCB-Embedded Transformer GaN-Based Gate-Drive Power Supply with A Wide-Input Range

This paper presents the optimal design of a wide-input range, dual-output 10 W isolated active-clamp flyback (ACF) gate-drive power supply (GDPS) for high-temperature automotive applications. Detailed analysis and comparison between Critical Conduction Mode (CRM) and Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) are provided to select the operating mode. A printed-circuit-board-embedded (PCB-embedded) transformer is carefully designed and it significantly improves the power density of the power supply. A 10 W, GaN-based converter prototype switching at 1MHz has been developed to demonstrate the attained power density (53.2 W/in3), peak efficiency (89.7%), input voltage range (8.5 V to 28 V), maximum operating ambient temperature (105 °C at 8.5 V and 115°C at 28 V), and transformer input-output capacitance (9.7 pF).
Successful use of octreotide and limited drainage in resistant chylothorax in congenital diaphragmatic hernia

In the conservative treatment of postdiaphragmatic hernia chylothorax, use of octreotide (OCT) had variable results. Limited chyle drainage has not been tried. A newborn, after the left Bochdalek diaphragmatic hernia repair, developed chylothorax. Treatment with intercostal chest tube (ICT) drainage, partial parenteral nutrition (PPN), and medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) with formula feeds was ineffective. ICT slipped out on the 13th day in the presence of significant residual chylothorax. Further drainage was not done. Addition of OCT infusion at maximum dose of 6 μg/kg/h cleared the chylothorax. No side effect of OCT was observed. The present case has proved that MCT feeding along with PPN is effective, and limited drainage of chyle is enough with OCT treatment in postdiaphragmatic hernia chylothorax.