cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chlorination of NADH: similarities of the HOCl-supported and chloroperoxidase-catalyzed reactions

The chloroperoxidase-catalyzed reactions of NAD(P)H with H2O2 in the presence of Cl- or Br- have been characterized. With 1 mol H2O2 per mol of NADH, one atom of 36Cl was incorporated into the 264-nm-absorbing intermediate product. This species was oxidized enzymatically by a second mole of H2O2 to a species distinct from NAD+, which retained one Cl atom. Spectroscopically identical species were also produced by reaction of NADH with one and two molar ratios of HOCl, respectively. These data indicate that, with respect to halogenation activities, chloroperoxidase functions similarly to myeloperoxidase, i.e., produces HOCl as the first product of Cl- oxidation by H2O2. Moreover, rapid chlorination of NAD(P)H followed by oxidation may be an important and highly lethal microbicidal effect of HOCl produced by myeloperoxidase in activated neutrophils.
A Novel System to Measure Labelled CO2and HCO−3Fluxes Across Epithelia: Corneal Epithelium as Model Tissue

A method that allows for an accurate measurement of14C-labelled fluxes of HCO−3and/or CO2across epithelia is described. It is based on the principle that in a closed system the specific activities of HCO−3and CO2are equal to each other. The hemichambers between which the tissue was mounted were modified Ussing-type chambers that included a capacity for recirculation and mixing of the labelled fluid and gas phases within a closed system. The isolated frog corneal epithelium was used as a model system. In solutions containing 25mMHCO−3and 5% CO2, the unidirectional fluxes from tear to stroma (t-s) and stroma to tear (s-t) were 3.08±0.12 and 2.33±0.11μeqh−1cm−2(means ±S.E.s), respectively, with a statistically significant t-s net flux. These fluxes were independent of the presence of Cl−in the bathing solutions. The bilateral addition of methazolamide (10−4M) reduced both unidirectional fluxes to about 2.0μeqh−1cm−2. This finding was a strong indication of the presence of carbonic anhydrase (CA) in the corneal epithelium as well as its involvement in the production of the net flux of14C-label. In nominally CO2-free media, unidirectional t-s and s-t fluxes were 0.19±0.03 and 0.27±0.05 respectively. These fluxes were not affected by methazolamide. The s-t net HCO−3flux can result from the activity of a basolaterally located Na+–(n)HCO−3cotransporter. The CO2-elicited t-s net flux could also be explained by the presence of this transporter and a recirculation of label across the basolateral membrane.
Modification of the variation-of-parameters method and integration of the schrödinger equation

Abstract In the ordinary method of variation of parameters, a solution of a given linear differential equation is assumed to be a linear combination of independent solutions of an auxiliary solvable equation, and the coefficients in that linear combination are functions to be determined. A new version presented in this paper uses a linear combination including also the first derivative of the solution of an auxiliary equation. We have applied this method successfully to the stepwise numerical integration of the partialwave Schrodinger equation in scattering theory. Since higher-order terms in a powerseries solution can be included rather straightforwardly, the new method achieves high accuracy even when the step size is appreciably large. A numerical example is presented.
EFFECTS OF PROCESSING ON CdTe/CdS MATERIALS AND DEVICES

By analyzing CdTe/CdS devices fabricated by vacuum evaporation, a self consistent picture of the effects of processing on the evolution of CdTe cells is developed which can be applied to other fabrication methods. In fabricating CdTe/CdS solar cells by evaporation, a 400°C CdCI2 heat treatment is used which recrystallizes the CdTe and interdiffuses the CdS and CdTe layers. The interdiffuson can change the bandgap of both the CdTe and CdS which modifies the spectral response of the solar cell. After this heat treatment a contacting/doping procedure is used which converts the CdTe conductivity to p-type by diffusion from Cu from the contact. Finally, the cell is treated with Br2CH3,OH which improves both Voc and FF. Analogous process steps are used in most fabrication processes for CdTe/CdS solar cells.
Tension development of normal and hypertrophied-failing papillary muscles following rapid stimulation.

Abstract Recent studies have shown that numerous cellular alterations exist in hypertrophied-failing (HF) cardiac muscle. Of particular interest is the finding of an altered ability of the NaK pump to regulate membrane potential in this tissue during periods of transient stimulation. The present study was designed to determine if this altered NaK pump function is in any way related to the ability of this tissue to develop force. Along these lines the rate of stimulation (6/min) of normal and hypertrophied-failing right ventricular papillary muscles from cats was increased to 60/min for 90 sec. This procedure was repeated in solutions with low Na + , low Na + and Ca ++ , and Ouabain. These solutions were utilized to vary the ionic load on the NaK pump and the NaCa exchanger. The results demonstrate that the pattern of changes in tension in HF papillary muscles seen following periods of rapid stimulation are significantly different from those of normal muscles. The pattern of changes in mechanical performance were found to be similar to the membrane potential changes described in previous studies. In addition, lowering the Na + load presented to HF muscles returned the characteristic pattern of changes in tension, following drive, toward normal. Ouabain was found to inhibit the changes in tension development following increased rates of stimulation that are thought to be produced by activation of the NaK pump. The results suggest that the ability of the NaK pump to maintain normal transmembrane ionic gradients may be altered in HF muscles. This alteration appears to be capable of affecting cellular Ca ++ possibly through the NaCa exchange system.
Significance of C-reactive protein binding by lecithin: A simplified procedure for CRP isolation

Abstract Addition of lecithin to whole serum or liver extract in the presence of calcium ions resulted in the binding of C-reactive protein (CRP) to lecithin with formation of floccules. Subsequent treatment of the CaCl 2 —distilled water washed lecithin—CRP complexes following suspension in citrate—saline with chloroform resulted in the isolation of essentially purified CRP preparations. The major serum component precipitating with CRP was immunoglobulin M, which was found in 3 of 9 CRP preparations. Yields ranged from 43.7 to 89.1% recovery of CRP from original pooled acute phase serum samples. Both γ- and β-mobility CRP preparations were obtained following purification on DEAE or Sephadex G 200 filtration chromatography. A highly satisfactory anti-CRP antiserum was raised in rabbits with lecithin prepared CRP from liver tissue.
In-line statistical monitoring of machine tool thermal error through latent variable modeling

Abstract Because thermally induced errors account for a large percentage of machine tool errors, in-line monitoring of machine thermal stability is a very important issue for part quality. Although system identification (SI) theory has been used in modeling machine tool thermal errors for improving accuracy and robustness, there are several unsolved issues-for example, how to determine the number of thermal sensors that is sufficient for building an SI model, especially when sensor readings are highly correlated; and how to effectively monitor the machine thermal status and predict machine performance when the sensing resource is limited. This paper presents a new concept-in addition to the widely recognized error avoidance and error compensation approaches-of controlling machining thermal effects by monitoring of machine thermal status. Based on an experimental study, an in-line monitoring method based on Latent Variable Modeling (LVM) is proposed to overcome the aforementioned difficulties. The results have shown that the LVM method based in-line monitoring provides a powerful tool for variable selection and is effective in monitoring variations of thermal status when the values of thermal deformation and temperature are highly correlated.
Problems in the treatment with oximes and atropine of rats poisoned by organophosphates

Abstract Some of the factors contributing to the failure of TMB-4 (1,3-di(4-hydroxy-iminomethylpyridinium) propane dichloride) and atropine to treat rats poisoned with MBPF (3-methylbutyl-2 methylphosphonofluoridate) have been investigated. The largest doses of oxime that the animal could tolerate produced in the diaphragm concentrations which, according to studies in vitro , would be expected to produce barely enough reactivation of the acetylcholinesterase to restore normal function. Greater reactivation in vitro could be achieved by using much higher concentrations of oxime. The “ageing” of inhibited diaphragm acetylcholinesterase was found to be relatively slow in vivo . The importance of ageing in the therapy of organophosphate poisoning is discussed, with particular reference to poisoning by Soman (3,3-dimethylbutyl-2 methylphosphonofluoridate).
Mechanical integrators derived from a discrete variational principle

Many numerical integrators for mechanical system simulation are created by using discrete algorithms to approximate the continuous equations of motion. In this paper, we present a procedure to construct time-stepping algorithms that approximate the flow of continuous ODEs for mechanical systems by discretizing Hamilton's principle rather than the equations of motion. The discrete equations share similarities to the continuous equations by preserving invariants, including the symplectic form and the momentum map. We first present a formulation of discrete mechanics along with a discrete variational principle. We then show that the resulting equations of motion preserve the symplectic form and that this formulation of mechanics leads to conservation laws from a discrete version of Noether's theorem. We then use the discrete mechanics formulation to develop a procedure for constructing symplectic-momentum mechanical integrators for Lagrangian systems with holonomic constraints. We apply the construction procedure to the rigid body and the double spherical pendulum to demonstrate numerical properties of the integrators.
THE ELECTROCHROMIC BEHAVIOUR OF LANTHANIDE BISPHTHALOCYANINES: THE ACID-BASE NATURE OF THE MECHANISM

Abstract Lanthanide bisphthalocyanines are shown to exist in at least three different coloured forms in acetonitrile solution: blue, green and red. The conversion of the blue to green and the green to red species can be achieved by the addition of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. These processes can be quantitatively reversed by the addition of base. The results are discussed in relation to various proposed mechanisms for the observed electrochromism of lanthanide bisphthalocyanine films.
THE QUANTIFICATION OF SOME PLANT-TAXA CIRCUMSCRIPTIONS'

A B S T R A C T Intrataxon variability is estimated by the technique of numerical taxonomy. Taxa which had been determined by orthodox taxonomic methods are subjected to analyses by numerical phenetics. Comparisons are made of the amounts of cohesion among the members of different taxa in the Bromeliaceae at several taxonomic levels by computing the degrees of similarities between members of the same taxon and of different taxa. Results of these comparisons with several taxa reveal that the variability of a taxon in terms of phenetic distance computed with a large number of characters does not necessarily agree with a stubjective appraisal of variability. The method facilitated difficult taxonomic determinations and provided an estimate of the relative evolutionary
Dietary Glucosinolates Sulforaphane, Phenethyl Isothiocyanate, Indole-3-Carbinol/3,3′-Diindolylmethane: Antioxidative Stress/Inflammation, Nrf2, Epigenetics/Epigenomics and In Vivo Cancer Chemopreventive Efficacy

Glucosinolates are a group of sulfur-containing glycosides found in many plant species, including cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage, brussels sprouts, and cauliflower. Accumulating evidence increasingly supports the beneficial effects of dietary glucosinolates on overall health, including as potential anti-cancer agents, because of their role in the prevention of the initiation of carcinogenesis via the induction of cellular defense detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes and their epigenetic mechanisms, including modification of the CpG methylation of cancer-related genes, histone modification regulation and changes in the expression of miRNAs. In this context, the defense mechanism mediated by Nrf2-antioxidative stress and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways can contribute to cellular protection against oxidative stress and reactive metabolites of carcinogens. In this review, we summarize the cancer chemopreventive role of naturally occurring glucosinolate derivatives as inhibitors of carcinogenesis, with particular emphasis on specific molecular targets and epigenetic alterations in in vitro and in vivo human cancer animal models.
Modal Analysis With Compressive Measurements

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems are critical for monitoring aging infrastructure (such as buildings or bridges) in a cost-effective manner. Such systems typically involve collections of battery-operated wireless sensors that sample vibration data over time. After the data is transmitted to a central node, modal analysis can be used to detect damage in the structure. In this paper, we propose and study three frameworks for Compressive Sensing (CS) in SHM systems; these methods are intended to minimize power consumption by allowing the data to be sampled and/or transmitted more efficiently. At the central node, all of these frameworks involve a very simple technique for estimating the structure's mode shapes without requiring a traditional CS reconstruction of the vibration signals; all that is needed is to compute a simple Singular Value Decomposition. We provide theoretical justification (including measurement bounds) for each of these techniques based on the equations of motion describing a simplified Multiple-Degree-Of-Freedom (MDOF) system, and we support our proposed techniques using simulations based on synthetic and real data.
Testing for the exogeneity of real income in models of the poverty process evidence from post-independence India

Abstract This paper examines the issue of the exogeneity of real income in models of the poverty process. An empirical application of specification testing procedures to data from post-independence India suggests that the incidence of poverty was determined independently of factors influencing mean income.
Bar charts enhance Bland–Altman plots when value ranges are limited

Abstract Objective A common form of validation study compares alternative methods for collecting data. The Bland-Altman plot pairs observations across methods and plots their mean values vs. their difference. This method provides only limited information, however, when the range of observed values is small relative to the number of observations. This brief report shows how adding a simple bar chart to a Bland–Altman plot adds essential additional information. Study Design and Setting The methodological approach is illustrated using data from a randomized controlled clinical trial of patients in a U.S. county health system. Results When the number of unique values is small, a Bland–Altman plot alone may provide inadequate information. Adding a bar chart yields new and essential information about agreement, bias, and heteroscedasticity. Conclusion Studies validating one data-collection method against another can be performed successfully even when the number of unique values is small.
ABSCISSION: ROLE OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Abstract : Abscission of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. var. Acala 4-42) cotyledonary node explants, coleus (Coleus blumei Benth.) nodal explants, and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Red Kidney) primary leaf explants was inhibited by the protein synthesis inhibitors dactinomycin and cycloheximide. During the course of ethylene-enhanced abscission, C14L-leucine incorporation into a trichloroacetic acid-percipitable fraction of tissue homogenates occurred primarily in the separation zone of cotton explants. little or no enhanced incorporation was observed in the surrounding petiole and nodal tissue. In bean explants, the enhancement was primarily in the pulvinus tissue. These results support a hypothesis that in abscission the role of ethylene is to stimulate the synthesis of enzymes responsible for the separation of cells in the abscission zone.
Penetrating Keratoplasty in Infants and Children

Abstract Fifty children, 2 months to 14 years of age underwent 66 penetrating keratoplasties. Included were 18 eyes with congenital corneal opacification,16 with corneal decompensation (either from congenital glaucoma, trauma, or multiple surgeries), 10 with corneal hydrops secondary to keratoconus, and 10, with failed grafts. There were 32 clear grafts with a 1- to 10-year follow-up, 30 failed grafts, and 4 lost eyes. Acquired corneal scars, corneal decompensation, older children and phakic eyes had the best prognosis. Corneal perforations, active inflammation or infection, and infants with multiple ocular anomalies had the poorest prognosis. Children undergoing combined procedures did less well than those undergoing a single- or two-staged procedure.
Exposure of Florida airboat aquatic weed applicators to 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)

Abstract Florida airboat handgun applicators were monitored for exposure to 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Four applicators were monitored with air samplers, α -cellulose patches, and 24 hr urine samples on 10 separate days. Estimated total body exposure averaged 15 ± 2 mg/hr, of which 74% was to the legs and feet with an additional 18% to the hands and arms. Estimated respiratory exposure was about 0.03% of the total body exposure. Twenty-four hr urinary 2,4-D ranged from 0.190–0.645 mg. The use of disposable coveralls and effective hand protection would markedly reduce this exposure.
Paleobiologic and paleoenvironmental context of coral-bearing Early Cambrian reefs: Implications for Phanerozoic reef development

Early Cambrian corals from South Australia have been found within fossil reefs of unusual biological and paleoecological composition. The framework of these reefs is composed of a diverse assemblage of calcareous sponges (e.g., archaeocyaths and sphinctozoans), calci-microbes, and at least two species of coral-like organisms, one of which is first reported herein and bears similarities to younger Paleozoic tabulate corals. Complex growth interactions occur among these organisms, suggesting that space was a limiting factor in Early Cambrian reef ecosystems, as it is today in modern scleractinian reefs. In striking contrast to most Early Cambrian archaeocyath-calcimicrobe reefs, these South Australian reefs flourished within energetic, mixed silici-clastic-carbonate shallow-marine environments along the margins of arid, coarse-grained, sea-marginal alluvial fans. The implications of these coral-bearing reefs are multifold. First, their existence not only extends the range of tabulatelike corals to the Botomian (middle Early Cambrian), but it adds an additional clade of participants to the Early Cambrian metazoan radiation event. Second, the existence of Botomian-aged skeletonized colonial cnidarians necessitates an earliest Cambrian or Neoproterozoic ancestor for the group. Third, the presence of tabulatelike corals and their involvement in reef building prior to the Toyonian extinction (late Early Cambrian) challenges hypotheses (e.g., lack of a suitable reef builder after the extinction of archaeocyaths until the Ordovician) used to explain the paucity of Middle and Late Cambrian reefs worldwide. The presence of these corals on sea-marginal fans contradicts the perception that early reefs were restricted to low-energy, predominantly carbonate subtidal environments.
On the Mathematical Theory of Schedules

The elapsed time to complete a scheduled task is expressed as a function of the completion times of the component tasks and the path matrix of the scheddule graph. The schedule function is interpreted geometrically as a polyhedron. If the scheduled activities have random completion times, the probability distribution of the time to complete the entire task is found by integrating over the contours of the polyhedron. Composite schedule functions are represented by algebraic formulae which are applicable in both the probabilistic and non-probabilistic cases. A method for joint control of cost and schedule is presented.
Proteoglycan synthesis in fetal tendon is differentially regulated by cyclic compression in vitro

The predominant proteoglycan in tensional regions of tendon is the small proteoglycan decorin. However, a fibrocartilaginous tissue containing large amounts of aggrecan and biglycan develops at points where tendon wraps under bone and is subjected to compressive loading in addition to tension. The hypothesis that local compression regulates the development of fibrocartilage in tendon was tested by assessing the effect of in vitro compressive loading on proteoglycan synthesis. Fetal bovine deep flexor tendon explants from the region which would have become fibrocartilage were subjected to 3 days of continuous cyclic uniaxial compression (unconfined) to 30% strain, at a frequency of 1 cycle/6 s (0.17 Hz). Compression was perpendicular to the long axis of the tendon. Large proteoglycan, biglycan, and decorin were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and [35S]sulfate incorporated into each proteoglycan was quantitated by liquid scintillation counting of gel slices. The primary effect of compression was to stimulate selectively synthesis of large proteoglycan and biglycan. Incorporation of [35S]sulfate into large proteoglycan was increased 100-300% and incorporation into biglycan was increased 50-150% in compressed tissue compared to matched uncompressed tissue segments. Incorporation into decorin was unchanged. A similar effect on radio-sulfate incorporation was seen following loading of tissue from the tensional region of tendon, which does not normally develop into fibrocartilage. Proteoglycans from compressed tissue were larger, due to slightly longer glycosaminoglycan chains. Disaccharide analysis showed that the C6S/C4S ratio was higher in both the large and the small proteoglycan populations from compressed tissue. Aggrecan mRNA levels were increased approximately fivefold in loaded tissue, and SDS-PAGE analysis of [3H]leucine-labeled core proteins indicated that large proteoglycan core protein synthesis was increased by compression. The selective changes in large proteoglycan and biglycan synthesis, and in the sulfate composition and size of the glycosminoglycan chains, are consistent with what might be expected during development of fibrocartilage in vivo. These observations support the hypothesis that compressive force can regulate the development of fibrocartilaginous tissue in tendon.
Myosin regulatory light chain expression in trout muscle

Muscle's contractile properties can vary along different trajectories, including between muscle fiber types, along the body (within a muscle fiber type), and between developmental stages. This study explores the role of the regulatory myosin light chain (MLC2) in modulating contractile properties in rainbow trout myotomal muscle. Rainbow trout show longitudinal variations in muscle activation and relaxation, with faster contractile properties in the anterior myotome. The expression of two muscle proteins, troponin T and parvalbumin, vary along the length of trout in concert with shifts in muscle activation and relaxation. However, there is no longitudinal variation in myosin heavy chain in trout. This study explores the role of MLC2 (or regulatory light chain), part of the myosin hexamer, in contributing to longitudinal variations in contractile properties of trout swimming muscle. We cloned and sequenced two isoforms of MLC2 from trout muscle and used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to assess the relative expression of these two isoforms in red and white muscle from different body positions of two ages of rainbow trout: parr and smolt. Longitudinal variations in slow (sMLC2) but not fast (fMLC2) regulatory light chain isoforms were observed in young trout parr but not older trout smolts. The differences in sMLC2 expression correlated with shifts in muscle contractile properties in the parr.
Geophysical properties within the San Andreas Fault Zone at the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth and their relationships to rock properties and fault zone structure

[1] We examine the relationships between borehole geophysical data and physical properties of fault-related rocks within the San Andreas Fault as determined from data from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth borehole. Geophysical logs, cuttings data, and drilling data from the region 3- to 4-km measured depth of the borehole encompass the active part of the San Andreas Fault. The fault zone lies in a sequence of deformed sandstones, siltstone, shale, serpentinite-bearing block-in-matrix rocks, and sheared phyllitic siltstone. The borehole geophysical logs reveal the presence of a low-velocity zone from 3190 to 3410 m measured depth with Vp and Vs values 10–30% lower than the surrounding rocks and a 1–2 m thick zone of active shearing at 3301–3303 m measured depth. Seven low-velocity excursions with increased porosity, decreased density, and mud-gas kick signatures are present in the fault zone. Geologic data on grain-scale deformation and alteration are compared to borehole data and reveal weak correlations and inverse relationships to the geophysical data. In places, Vp and Vs increase with grain-scale deformation and alteration and decrease with porosity in the fault zone. The low-velocity zone is associated with a significant lithologic and structural transition to low-velocity rocks, dominated by phyllosilicates and penetratively foliated, sheared rocks. The zone of active shearing and the regions of low sonic velocity appear to be associated with clay-rich rocks that exhibit fine-scale foliation and higher porosities that may be a consequence of the fault-related shearing of foliated and fine-grained sedimentary rocks.
Ganglioside-mediated enhancement of the cytoskeletal organization and activity in neuro-2a neuroblastoma cells

Abstract Our previous studies 21,22 have demonstrated that a mixture of bovine brain gangliosides (BBG) applied to Neuro-2a neuroblastoma cells markedly increased the degree and rate of neurite formation. In the present study, the cytoskeletal basis for BBG-mediated neurite outgrowth was investigated by comparing cells grown in the presence or absence of BBG (250 μ/ml). After 24–48 h, neurite morphology and the distribution of cytoskeletal components were analyzed with correlative whole-cell transmission electron microscopy, thin-section transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. BBG treatment enhanced markedly the organization of the microfilamentous system, and had a less pronounced effect on the number and organization of microtubules. The most prominent changes in microfilament organization were in the distal segment of the neurite and the growth cone. BBG-treated cells had a complex cytoskeleton consisting of numerous bundles of microfilaments. These filament bundles were distributed into the secondary and tertiary neuritic branches. Cells grown in serum-depleted medium to stimulate neurite outgrowth, lacked these bundles of microfilaments, suggesting that the formation of microfilament bundles was not required for non-BBG-mediated neuritogenesis. The role that the cytoskeletal components play in BBG-induced neurite outgrowth was examined following disruption of microtubules or microfilaments with Colcemid and cytochalasin D, respectively. Simultaneous treatment of cells with BBG and Colcemid (0.25 μg/ml) at the time of plating resulted in cells with numerous spine-like projections which did not extend neurites. In contrast, the simultaneous treatment of cells with BBG and cytochalasin D (2 μg/ml) at the time of plating resulted in cells devoid of spines, but exhibiting anomalous neurite outgrowth consisting of many long, thin, unbranched neurites. These neurites lacked characteristic flattened growth cones and had a tendency to grow in a circular fashion. These results demonstrate that neurite outgrowth under microfilament-limiting conditions results in reduced neuritic branching while growth under microtubule-limiting conditions allows initiation, but prevents significant elongation. The different neuritic growth patterns induced by serum deprivation, ganglioside treatment or the various cytoskeletal disruptive agents reflect changes in the organization of microtubules and microfilaments. Our studies suggest that the organizational state and activity of these cytoskeletal elements determine neurite morphology. Microfilaments appear to be the primary determinants in ganglioside-mediated growth.
Cluster formation and the shape of the arrival-time-spectrum of the kinestatic charge detector

Experimental studies of the broadening of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the arrival time spectrum (ATS) in the research KCD system as a function of drift distance and x- ray tube mA settings were carried out. Results demonstrate that the broadening of the FWHM is mainly due to two factors, the space charge spreading of the ionic plane and the presence of more than one charge carrier with different mobilities in the ionic plane. Diffusional broadening is estimated to be almost negligible.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Infection surveillance in cardiac transplantation

Abstract Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cardiac transplantation. There is little informaiton describing screening and prospective surveillance of heart recipients. We describe a surveillance program that was used for 35 patients, which screens and follows recipients through serologic, virologic, and immunologic parameters. Pretransplantation surveillance identifeid four (11.4%) patients whose skin tests with purified protein derivative (PPD) were positive, one patient with giardiasis, and seven (20%) recipients who were susceptible to cytomegalovirus (CMV). Twelve (34.3%) patients had CMV infections, only one of which was primary and involved a seropositive donor. The low rate of primary infection (14%) may result from our use of CMV-negative blood products. Seven (20%) recipients who were seronegative for toxoplasmosis received seropositive hearts, and disseminated toxoplasmosis developed in one of them. Eigth (22.8%) patients had asymptomatic significant increases in Epstein-Barr virus antibody titers, without evidence of lymphoma. Fifteen (42.8%) recipients had at least one herpes simplex virus reactivation. Preventive, diagnostic, and early therapeutic interventions should occur as a result of infection surveillance, thus leading to a reduced risk of infection during the period after cardiac transplantation.
METABOLISM OF GLYCEROL BY THE MAMMARY GLAND.

SummaryData are presented which suggest that glycerol may be oxidized to an appropriate level after phosphorylation, rather than before, and in this form incorporated into compounds which could give rise to galactose in preference to glucose.
Optical transmission of frequency standards using mode-locked lasers

We report on distribution of highly-stable microwave and optical frequency standards across optical fiber networks using mode-locked lasers. Ultrafast technology has been found to improve transmission instability penalties by at least one order of magnitude
Simulation of speech by time-ordered wave function sets

A simulation of human speech is normally performed to represent the acoustic signal in a form from which meaningful features of interest in the time and frequency domains may be identified and used in attempting to solve research and applications prob- Zems. Frequency-domain simulations related to vocal tract modeling have been the most popular techniques used to date. However, approaches have been investi gated which, for the limited case of voiced sounds, simulate human speech in the time domain by time- ordered time-based wavefunction sets.This paper discusses the use of a new technique for an accurate, complete simulation of any human speech by the family of Hanning Cosine Modulated (HCM) wavefunctions.The previous research on wavefunction simulations of speech are first discussed and then, through illus trative examples, it is demonstrated that HCM wave functions may accurately simulate the behavior of speech in either the time or frequency domain.The actual parameters of the wavefunctions which re p...
Measuring participation by socially vulnerable groups in hazard mitigation planning, Bertie County, North Carolina

In accordance with the Disaster Mitigation Act, most US counties have a hazard mitigation plan (HMP) to reduce future disaster losses. HMPs are important as they can be used to proactively assess risk, direct future development, raise awareness and build consensus. Using a population-based sample, we interviewed residents of Bertie County, NC, about their awareness of and participation in the HMP process to determine if demographics, social vulnerability or hazard vulnerability were associated with increased awareness or participation. We also assessed whether these factors were associated with knowledge of policy changes and investments that were adopted in the HMP. Overall, the unemployed were the only group less likely to report awareness of or participation in HMP development. African-Americans, mobile home residents, the poor, short-term residents and those with less disaster experience were less likely to be aware of policies and investments prioritised in the HMP. Targeted efforts to increase aware...
Effects of varying operating tension and speed on lateral tape motion in MP and AME tapes using magnetic signal and optical probe methods

The drive for increased storage capacity in today's magnetic tape cartridges has created a continuing need to improve the understanding of the tribological performance of magnetic tape. One important area of ongoing tribological research is lateral tape motion (LTM). The importance of studying LTM will only continue to grow, as the demands for more storage capacity move forward. One particular area of interest with regard to LTM is to determine the effects of the operating tension and speed on LTM generation. As such, this study focuses on LTM in six different tape samples when the operating tension and speed are varied. The tapes studied include metal particulate (MP), Thin MP, and four advanced metal evaporated (AME) tapes. A new technique based on the readback of a written magnetic signal was used in making LTM measurements. The results from the new method are compared to the results from the optical probe method used frequently in the past. Mechanisms responsible for the observed trends are discussed.
Circulating epinephrine and norepinephrine in coronary occlusion

Abstract 1. 1. Following experimental coronary occlusion in thirty-nine dogs, mean values of norepinephrine increased maximally from 1.6 to 10.5 μg-/L. of plasma in thirty-three surviving animals. Serum transaminase increments paralleled norepinephrine elevations in most instances. No changes occurred in circulating levels of epinephrine. Recordings of fluorescence emission spectrums aided in the identification and quantitation of the catecholamines. 2. 2. Essentially the same results occurred in four chronically adrenalectomized dogs. 3. 3. Following coronary occlusion and the administration of a sympatholytic agent (tri-methyl-2-2,6 xylyloxy-propyl ammonium chloride monohydrate), elevated circulating levels of norepinephrine declined progressively to pre-occlusion figures. 4. 4. Of eighteen dogs treated with reserpine, eleven survived the occlusive procedure and showed increments in norepinephrine and transaminase similar to those of the untreated animals, 5. 5. The catecholamine content of the infarct and the adjacent area was not elevated above the values found in normal tissue.
Circular dichroism and optical rotatory dispersion of the aggregates of purified polypeptides of alpha-crystallin.

The circular dichroism (CD) and optical rotary dispersion (ORD) of the aggregates of the individual polypeptides of low molecular weight alpha-crystallin (LMW alpha), A1, A2, B1 and B2 as well as deaggregated and reaggregated alpha-crystallin were compared to LMW alpha. The results indicate that reaggregated alpha-crystallin, A1 and A2 aggregates, all have spectra very similar to native alpha-crystallin. The B1 and B2 aggregates have a somewhat different spectra with the CD minima being between 206–209 nm in comparison to 216 nm for the other aggregates. This data suggests that the B chains aggregates may have a slightly smaller abundance of beta structure. When B2 and A2 polypeptides in a ratio of 1:2 were deaggregated and then reaggregated, spectra similar to native alphacrystallin were obtained. Such results suggest that A and B polypeptides interact to form macromolecules with a structure similar to the native protein. Analyses of the data were undertaken using poly(L-lys) as well as a group of proteins with known structures as references. Irrespective of the reference used, it was found that the amount of helical contribution was less than 0·01% for all of the aggregates studied. The beta structure was estimated to contribute approximately 55–63% of the total conformation.
Occurrence of interleukin-1 in human synovial fluid: detection by RIA, bioassay and presence of bioassay-inhibiting factors

Synovial fluid (SF) from patients with osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and various other arthridites was analyzed to assess the prevalence of interleukin-1 (IL-1) using both radioimmunoassay competitive inhibition specific for the beta form of IL-1 and the D10.G4.1 cell line bioassay which measures both alpha and beta forms of IL-1. Using radioimmunoassay competitive inhibition, IL-1β was found in 45% and 60% of individual samples from patients with OA and RA respectively. When RA and OA SF were examined in sequentially obtained samples, IL-1β occurred in one or more samples from 8 of 10 patients studied, suggesting the probability that it can be produced at some time in SF by all patients with these conditions. No correlation between SF leukocyte counts and the occurrence of IL-1β was noted and no effect of antiinflammatory drug treatment on the prevalence of IL-1β was found. When tested for the presence of IL-1 by the D10.G4-1 cell line, 66% and 50% of RA and OA patients respectively were found to contain IL-1. These were not in total concordance with results obtained by RIA. Of all SF tested, seven were negative by RIA but positive by D10.G4.1 and these are considered to contain IL-1α. Seven samples which were RIA positive and D10.G4.1 negative were tested for their ability to inhibit IL-1 responses in the bioassay. Five of these contained inhibitor and one markedly enhanced the proliferative response of D10.G4.1 to a known amount of IL-1. The inhibitors and the non-IL-1 enhancing factor have yet to be characterized.
A simulation study on the effects of particle size on the consolidation of polymer powder impregnated tapes

Abstract The powder prepreg technique offers a low-cost, high-speed method of manufacture of composites. Consolidation of the prepreg tows is a key step in the manufacture of a final `useful' part. The efficiency of the consolidation for any polymer powder prepreg tape produced from powder prepreg processes would conceivably depend on the material properties of the polymer, particle size, temperature, consolidation pressure and volume fraction of the tape. A mathematical process model that identifies and describes a set of parameters to predict the consolidation conditions of a given polymer powder prepreg tape has been developed. A simulation study that identifies the different parameters and compares the advantages and limitations of polymer physical properties and particle size has been performed. An integrated Flow Resistance (FR) index has been developed to mathematically describe the consolidation process. The results show that small powder particle sizes are beneficial to the process.
Inverse Miniemulsion ATRP: A New Method for Synthesis and Functionalization of Well-Defined Water-Soluble/Cross-Linked Polymeric Particles

A new methodology for the synthesis and functionalization of nanometer-sized colloidal particles consisting of well-defined, water-soluble, functional polymers with narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn < 1.3) was developed, utilizing atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of water-soluble monomers in an inverse miniemulsion. The optional introduction of a disulfide-functionalized cross-linker allowed for the synthesis of cross-linked (bio)degradable nanogels. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements indicated that these particles possessed excellent colloidal stability. ATRP in inverse miniemulsion led to materials with several desirable features. The colloidal particles preserved a high degree of halogen chain-end functionality, which enabled further functionalization. Cross-linked nanogels with a uniformly cross-linked network were prepared. They were degraded to individual polymeric chains with relatively narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn < 1.5...
Detection of Duffy and Kidd antibodies by Groupamatic 360

Resume Cette technique utilise une buse 4 voies au niveau de la pompe de chargement reactifs-echantillons : 1) Polybrene 1/20.000 a 1/10.000 en LIS 0,55 ml 2) Globules rouges traites par la trypsine en suspension 6 a 8 % dans du plasma dialyse contre du LIS 0,55 ml 3) PVP, K90, 0,75 % en LIE 0,55 ml 4) Plasma echantillon a tester 1,25 ml Une pompe speciale est necessaire entre les postes de centrifugation et d'agitation afin de delivrer 0,55 ml de citrate de sodium en solute sale physiologique. -- LIS (Low Ionic Saline), milieu De faible force ionique, NaCl 0,2 % ; -- Plasma utilise pour la mise en suspension des globules rouges tests, selectionne en fonction de son action inhibitrice sur le polybrene, dialyse toute une nuit contre 100 volumes de LIS ; -- Solution mere de polybrene (1/500), portee a une dilution permettant d'obtenir une masse compacte d'erythrocytes pouvant etre remise en suspension par la solution de citrate ; -- Trypsine cristallisee 1/10.000 en LIS, utilisee a 37° pendant 15 minutes ; -- PVP, K90, 0,75 % en LIS, prepare quotidiennement. Les godets doivent etre laves rapidement apres leur utilisation ; -- Citrate de sodium, 2 % en NaCl 0,15 M, pH ± 8,4, utilise sans tampon.
Phenomenology of continuum angular distributions. I. Systematics and parametrization

A large number of experimental angular distributions have been studied for particles emitted into the continuum in preequilibrium nuclear reactions in order to study their systematics. For pure multistep direct reactions it has been found that to first order the shapes of these angular distributions are determined by the energy of the outgoing particle. In addition, there is evidence that the division of the cross section into multistep direct and multistep compound components with the latter having a symmetric angular distribution is a meaningful one. The shapes of the angular distributions can be described in terms of Legendre polynomials. The polynomial coefficients are given by simple phenomenological relations involving the energy of the outgoing particle. The same reduced coefficients are used for multistep direct and multistep compound processes except that only even order polynomials are considered in the latter case. The present formulation has been shown to have significant predictive ability for light ion reactions.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $A(a,b)$, $A=^{12}\mathrm{C} \mathrm{to} ^{232}\mathrm{Th}$, $a=p,d,^{3}\mathrm{He},^{4}\mathrm{He}$, $b=n,p,d,t,^{3}\mathrm{He},^{4}\mathrm{He}$, $E=18\ensuremath{-}80$ MeV, ${E}_{b}=4\ensuremath{-}60$ MeV. Deduced systematics of $\frac{\ensuremath{\sigma}({E}_{b},\ensuremath{\theta})}{\ensuremath{\sigma}({E}_{b})}$ in continuum. Parametrized $\frac{\ensuremath{\sigma}({E}_{b},\ensuremath{\theta})}{\ensuremath{\sigma}({E}_{b})}$ in continuum with energy dependent Legendre polynomial coefficients.
RESPIRATORY MYCOPLASMA (MP) COLONIZATION INCREASES THE INCIDENCE OF SEVERE BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA (BPD). † 1744

We have previously shown that specific acute pulmonary radiographic changes are associated with the presence of mycoplasmas in the respiratory tract of neonates. To determine the role of MP colonization, if any, in the evolution of BPD, we retrospectively studied (1/1/93 to 6/30/95) ventilated premature neonates (26- 32 weeks gestation) who survived >4 weeks and had positive cultures for MPs from their tracheal aspirates. MP cultures were sent if lung disease was not improving by 7-10 days of age, or there were suggestive radiographic changes. BPD was defined as oxygen requirement along with clinico-radiographic changes at 4 weeks of age. Infants were diagnosed to have severe BPD if they continued to need oxygen beyond 36 weeks corrected post menstrual age. Infants ≤ 25 weeks were excluded because of their high mortality rate and a 98% BPD rate amongst survivors. Patient demographics and other variables (mean ± sem) are shown in the followingtable. No differences were seen in antenatal steroid use, sex, race, sepsis, RDS, PDA, air leaks, NEC or gastroesophageal reflux. Despite selecting neonates who needed prolonged intubation, we found that the presence of MP in the tracheal aspirates indicates a significantly high likelihood for developing severe BPD. We speculate that early detection and treatment of MP may decrease the severity of BPD in premature infants.
MeDiCi-Cloud: A Workflow Infrastructure for Large-scale Scientific Applications

Cloud computing is attractive for large-scale scientific applications. However, unlike typical commercial applications, large-scale scientific applications often need to process enormous amount of data in the terabyte or even petabyte range and require special high performance hardware with low latency connections to complete computation in a reasonable amount of time. To address these challenges, we build an infrastructure that can dynamically select high performance computing hardware across institutions and dynamically adapt the computation to the selected resources to achieve high performance. We have also demonstrated the effectiveness of our infrastructure by building a system biology application and an uncertainty quantification application for carbon sequestration, which can efficiently utilize data and computation resources across several institutions.
Physocephalus sp. (Spirurida, Spirocercidae) Larvae in Stomach Granulomas of the Blue Spiny Lizard, Sceloporus serrifer (Phrynosomatidae) from Texas

Prevalence of larval nematodes (Physocephalus sp., Spirurida, Spirocercidae) and associated cysts are reported from the blue spiny lizard, Sceloporus serrifer, from Texas (USA). Prevalence of infection was 29%, with seven of 24 animals infected. Larvae were found in gastric submucosal and occasionally mucosal cysts with a mean (±SE) of 287 ± 9.04 μm in diameter. The nematodes evoked a chronic granulomatous response including cyst formation with focal destruction of gastric glands. Cysts resolved into areas of fibrosis. Sceloporus serrifer is a new host record for Physocephalus sp.