cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A novel fluidic switch for high power applications

This work proposes a novel fluidic switch topology on coplanar waveguide transmission lines for high power applications. The bridge is created from a transverse fluidic network over the coplanar waveguide containing dispersions of spherical and high aspect ratio nanoparticles. In particular, the volume fraction of gold or silver nanoparticles dispersed into a low-dielectric oil to provide “on-off” switching states from the electrical conductivity of the fluid. First-order approximations for the fluids specific heat and thermal conductivity show good heat transfer properties for high power applications.
Depressive symptoms in children with recurrent abdominal pain and in their families

Our purpose was to evaluate depression in children with recurrent abdominal pain and in their families. A self-report measure, the Children's Depression Inventory, and a psychiatric structured interview, the Child Assessment Schedule, were administered to 25 children with recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) as well as to 67 behaviorally disordered (BD) and 42 healthy children. Parents of all three groups completed the Beck Depression Inventory. On both measures, scores for RAP children were not significantly different from those of healthy children and were significantly lower than those of BD children. In contrast, the mothers of both the RAP group and the BD group had significantly higher depression scores than the mothers of healthy children. There were no group differences for fathers. The data suggest that although depression is not prevalent in children with RAP, depressive characteristics in the family may play a role in the origin of their abdominal pain.
Chaetognaths in lower Narragansett Bay

A field study of the chaetognaths of lower Narragansett Bay was conducted from March 1975 through May 1976.Sagitta elegans Verrill 1873 was the predominant species, present in all months except August.S. elegans was most abundant in April and May in both 1975 and 1976. Maximum densities exceeded 100 m−3 in May 1976. It appeared thatS. elegans was replenished in Narragansett Bay by influxes of chaetognaths from Rhode Island Sound. This species was restricted to the sound when bay temperatures exceeded 15 °C. In the bay, maturing chaetognaths were found deeper in the water column than juveniles. This phenomenon may have limited the frequency of older animals in bay plankton samples by concentrating them extremely close to the bottom, out of the reach of conventional plankton nets. The presence of chaetognath eggs in samples taken in Rhode Island Sound, and their absence from bay samples, indicated that breeding took place primarily offshore. Size-frequency analysis showed that peak breeding activity occurred in January, April, and July.
DESIGN OF AN ACTIVE FRAGMENT OF A CLASS II AMINOACYL-TRNA SYNTHETASE AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR SYNTHETASE EVOLUTION

Primordial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) based on the Rossman nucleotide binding fold of class I enzymes or the seven-stranded antiparallel β-sheet fold of class II enzymes have been proposed to predate the contemporary aaRS. As part of an inquiry into class II aaRS evolution, the individual domains of the homodimeric Escherichia coli histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HisRS) were separately expressed and purified to determine their individual contributions to catalysis. A 320-residue fragment (Ncat HisRS) truncated immediately following motif 3 catalyzes both the specific aminoacylation of tRNA and pyrophosphate exchange, albeit less efficiently than the full-length enzyme. Ncat HisRS showed no mischarging of noncognate tRNAs but exhibited reduced selectivity for the C73 discriminator base, a principal aminoacylation determinant for histidine tRNAs. Size exclusion chromatography showed that Ncat HisRS is monomeric, indicating that the C-terminal domain is essential for maintaining the dimeric structure of th...
Accurate calculations of field-reversed axisymmetric equilibria and their MHD stability properties

Abstract Finite elements with bi-cubic, B-spline basis functions are used to represent the flux functions of an axisymmetric, field-reversed plasma. Equilibria, in this representation, are obtained by the collocation method and a generalized ICCG algorithm. For the infinite, toroidal-mode number limit of the MHD energy principle, coupled Sturm-Liouville-like equations result on each flux line. A secant-bisection shooting method employing the gridless Gear integrator is used to find very accurate eigenfunctions, eigenvalues, and growth rates from the continuous-spline representation of the fields. Precise agreement with some exact analytic work is obtained.
Efficacy of the Supports Intensity Scale (SIS) to Predict Extraordinary Support Needs

Abstract Data were collected on 274 adults to investigate the efficacy of the Supports Intensity Scale (SIS) as a tool to measure the support needs of individuals with intellectual and related developmental disabilities. Findings showed that SIS scores contributed significantly to a model that predicted greater levels of support need. Moreover, scores from different sections of the SIS made unique contributions to explaining variance associated with a variety of support need proxies. Finally, data suggest that the SIS measures a different construct than that measured by traditional assessments of personal competence. The implications of these findings for decision-making, including decisions affecting the disbursement of state developmental disability funding, are discussed.
Fine scale diel movement of the east Pacific green turtle, Chelonia mydas, in a highly urbanized foraging environment

Abstract Protection of endangered species requires an understanding of their spatial ecology in relation to human activities. Recent improvements in monitoring technologies, such as automated acoustic telemetry, have enabled the collection of these data for mobile marine organisms such as sea turtles. The east Pacific green sea turtle Chelonia mydas uses San Diego Bay, CA, a heavily developed ecosystem, as a year-round foraging ground. We used a combination of manual and automated acoustic telemetry from 2009 to 2011 to elucidate the distribution of green turtles throughout South San Diego Bay and to understand their diel behavior. Tracked turtles (n = 20) ranged in size from 54.9 to 102.5 cm straight carapace length and had fidelity to two sites: the warm-water effluent channel of a waterfront power plant and an eelgrass meadow. Turtles tracked manually during the night were more sedentary (mean swimming speed ± SE: 0.38 ± 0.03 km h− 1) and generally restricted their activity to waters near the power plant. During the day, turtles swam at higher speeds (0.67 ± 0.07 km h− 1) and were mainly found in eelgrass meadows where they are known to forage. Turtles were occasionally found near a shipping terminal, which occurred almost exclusively during the daytime. Turtles in areas of increased boat traffic are at risk of vessel strikes, and future monitoring should investigate the potential for turtle–human interactions in other heavily-used areas of San Diego Bay. Future monitoring should also characterize how turtle behavior may change following the decommissioning of the power plant, which occurred six months before the end of this study.
Nonylphenol in Anaerobically Digested Sewage Sludge from New York State

Nonylphenols (NPs) have been identified as xenoestrogens and have been found at high concentrations in Canadian and European biosolids. While nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs) are being phased out and regulated in several European countries, there is currently no regulation of these compounds in the United States, and little information is available concerning the presence of NPs in U.S. biosolids. Anaerobically digested sewage sludge from five wastewater treatment plants in central New York State was analyzed for the presence of NPs. Samples were taken from treatment plants in both small municipalities and larger metropolitan areas with a range of industrial inputs. Samples were extracted via Soxhlet apparatus and analyzed by GC/MS. The various isomers of NP were summed yielding total NP concentrations as high as 1840 mg/kg with a mean of 1500 mg/kg on a dry weight basis. These values are two to five times as high as previously reported concentrations for U.S. and Canadian biosolids from plants using similar treatment schemes.
Selective Visualization of Rodent Locus Ceruleus by a Radiolabeled N‐Methyl‐4‐Phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐Tetrahydropyridine Analog

: The neurotoxic metabolite of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), 1 -methyl-4-phenylpyr-idinium, selectively accumulates in dopaminergic neurons via the dopamine reuptake system. Consequently, nontoxic radiolabeled MPTP analogs may be potentially useful for visualizing catecholaminergic neurons in vivo. N-Methyl-4-(4 - hydroxy - 3 - [l25I]iodobenzyl) -1,2,3,6 - tetrahydropyridine ([l25I]MHTP), an analog of the nontoxic N-methyl-4-benzyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, has been studied in rats and mice. After intravenous administration of [125I]MHTP to rodents, the initial accumulation of radioactivity within the brain was found to be comparable to that of radiolabeled MPTP. Following intravenous administration of [125I]MHTP, in vivo autoradiographic visualization of the rodent brain revealed selective accumulation of [I25I]MHTP-derived radioactivity within the locus ceruleus; there was no accumulation of the radiotracer within dopaminergic fibers and cell bodies. The accumulation of radioactivity within the locus ceruleus was blocked by pretreatment with pargyline, a result suggesting that an MHTP metabolite formed by monoamine oxidase was responsible for the localization of the radiotracer within this structure. The anatomical distribution of the radiolabel demonstrates selective accumulation of this metabolite within noradrenergic cell bodies and those fibers making up the locus ceruleus. These findings further suggest that nontoxic metabolites of MPTP may become useful for in vivo labeling of selected populations of catecholaminergic neurons.
Electromagnetic fields: the jury's still out. 3. Managing the risks

The debate over the effects of power-frequency electric and magnetic fields on biological systems is examined from the viewpoint of what, if anything, should be done to minimize the risk to individuals. It is argued that as the social and economic costs of this uncertain state of affairs are growing, additional research is urgently needed yet the urgency is not being met by the modest or on-again, off-again levels of federal research support. Steps that can be taken by electric power system designers and operators, appliance manufacturers, the building industry, and individual citizens are outlined. It is stressed that if it is eventually found that fields adversely affect our health , a rush to manage the risks could result in inappropriate and inefficient actions unless utilities, appliance manufacturers, and the building industry start doing careful engineering/economic homework now. Some engineering problems entailed in redesigning electrical systems are indicated. >
EVALUATION OF A SUPERVISORY TRAINING PROGRAM FOR POLICE SERGEANTS

As part of the nationwide trend toward increased "professiona-lization" of the law enforcement function, psychological data de-scribing police officers are becoming more readily available (Hogan,1970; Matarazzo, 1964; Niederhoffer, 1967; Police Training andPerformance Study, 1969; Skolnick, 1966). In addition, policeofficials are recognizing increasingly the need for continued trainingin the diverse and changing job functions which constitute theposition of law enforcement officer.Accordingly, a consulting firm of organizational psychologistswas retained by a police department in the midwest to conduct asupervisory training program for first-level supervisors in the de-partment (sergeants). It was felt, by the police command, that thesemen represented a most critical level in the departmental hierarchy.MethodThe Sample and the SettingThe police department is that of a medium-sized city in themidwest, comprised of approximately 375 police officers, of which80 are of command level (above the rank of patrolman), approxi-mately 60 of whom are sergeants.The city is a typical one—containing a downtown commercialarea, university facilities, urban and suburban residential com-munities of varying socio-economic status levels, and a ghetto area(predominantly black).
The 5′ Terminal Trailer Region of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Contains a Position-Dependent cis-Acting Signal for Assembly of RNA into Infectious Particles

The cis-acting genomic RNA requirements for the assembly of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) ribonucleocapsids into infectious particles were investigated. Using a biological assay based on particle infectivity, we demonstrated that subgenomic replicons that contained all four possible combinations of the natural genomic termini, the 3' leader (Le) and 5' trailer (Tr) regions, were replication competent; however, a 3' copyback replicon (3'CB), containing the natural 3' terminus but having the 5' Tr replaced by a sequence complementary to the 3' Le for 46 nucleotides, was unable to assemble infectious particles, despite efficient replication. When a copy of Tr was inserted 51 nucleotides from the 5' end of 3'CB, infectious particles were produced. However, analysis of the replication products of these particles showed that the 51 nucleotides which corresponded to the Le complement sequences at the 5' terminus were removed during RNA replication, thus restoring the wild-type 5' Tr to the exact 5' terminus. These data showed that a cis-acting signal was necessary for assembly of VSV RNAs into infectious particles and that this signal was supplied by Tr when located at the 5' end. The regions within Tr required for assembly were analyzed by a series of deletions and exchanges for Le complement sequences, which demonstrated that the 5' terminal 29 nucleotides of Tr allowed assembly of infectious particles but that the 5' terminal 22 nucleotides functioned poorly. Deletions in Tr also altered the balance between negative- and positive-strand genomic RNA and affected levels of replication. RNAs that retained fewer than 45 but at least 22 nucleotides of the 5' terminus could replicate but were impaired in RNA replication, and RNAs that retained only 14 nucleotides of the 5' terminus were severely reduced in ability to replicate. These data define the VSV Tr as a position-dependent, cis-acting element for the assembly of RNAs into infectious particles, and they delineate RNA sequences that are essential for negative-strand RNA synthesis. These observations are consistent with, and offer an explanation for, the absence of 3' copyback defective interfering particles in nature.
Cassette-like variation of restriction enzyme genes in Escherichia coli C and relatives.

A surprising result of comparative bacterial genomics has been the large amount of DNA found to be present in one strain but not in another of the same species. We examine in detail one location where gene content varies extensively, the restriction cluster in Escherichia coli. This region is designated the Immigration Control Region (ICR) for the density and variability of restriction functions found there. To better define the boundaries of this variable locus, we determined the sequence of the region from a restrictionless strain, E.coli C. Here we compare the 13.7 kb E.coli C sequence spanning the site of the ICR with corresponding sequences from five E.coli strains and Salmonella typhimurium LT2. To discuss this variation, we adopt the term ‘framework’ to refer to genes that are stable components of genomes within related lineages, while ‘migratory’ genes are transient inhabitants of the genome. Strikingly, seven different migratory DNA segments, encoding different sets of genes and gene fragments, alternatively occupy a single well-defined location in the seven strains examined. The flanking framework genes, yjiS and yjiA, display approximately normal patterns of conservation. The patterns observed are consistent with the action of a site-specific recombinase. Since no nearby gene codes for a likely recombinase of known families, such a recombinase must be of a new family or unlinked.
High-resolution definition of the Vibrio cholerae essential gene set with hidden Markov model–based analyses of transposon-insertion sequencing data

The coupling of high-density transposon mutagenesis to high-throughput DNA sequencing (transposon-insertion sequencing) enables simultaneous and genome-wide assessment of the contributions of individual loci to bacterial growth and survival. We have refined analysis of transposon-insertion sequencing data by normalizing for the effect of DNA replication on sequencing output and using a hidden Markov model (HMM)-based filter to exploit heretofore unappreciated information inherent in all transposon-insertion sequencing data sets. The HMM can smooth variations in read abundance and thereby reduce the effects of read noise, as well as permit fine scale mapping that is independent of genomic annotation and enable classification of loci into several functional categories (e.g. essential, domain essential or 'sick'). We generated a high-resolution map of genomic loci (encompassing both intra- and intergenic sequences) that are required or beneficial for in vitro growth of the cholera pathogen, Vibrio cholerae. This work uncovered new metabolic and physiologic requirements for V. cholerae survival, and by combining transposon-insertion sequencing and transcriptomic data sets, we also identified several novel noncoding RNA species that contribute to V. cholerae growth. Our findings suggest that HMM-based approaches will enhance extraction of biological meaning from transposon-insertion sequencing genomic data.
The Two Cultures in Business Education

In the decades since the Pierson (1959) and the Gordon and Howell (1959) reports, business research and teaching have become increasingly scientific. Today the humanities are not well represented and, perhaps, not well understood in the business schools. This paper argues that the differences between the sciences and the humanities stem from fundamentally different philosophical views concerning knowledge and human nature, and, therefore, it is very difficult to develop a business school program in which the two can operate collaboratively. Both have a contribution to make to business education, and the proposal is advanced that a principal mission for the discipline of business ethics should be to provide a humanities-based counterbalance in what is now an almost entirely science-based education.
Computational screening of biomolecular adsorption and self-assembly on nanoscale surfaces.

The quantification of binding properties of ions, surfactants, biopolymers, and other macromolecules to nanometer-scale surfaces is often difficult experimentally and a recurring challenge in molecular simulation. A simple and computationally efficient method is introduced to compute quantitatively the energy of adsorption of solute molecules on a given surface. Highly accurate summation of Coulomb energies as well as precise control of temperature and pressure is required to extract the small energy differences in complex environments characterized by a large total energy. The method involves the simulation of four systems, the surface-solute–solvent system, the solute–solvent system, the solvent system, and the surface-solvent system under consideration of equal molecular volumes of each component under NVT conditions using standard molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo algorithms. Particularly in chemically detailed systems including thousands of explicit solvent molecules and specific concentrations of ions and organic solutes, the method takes into account the effect of complex nonbond interactions and rotational isomeric states on the adsorption behavior on surfaces. As a numerical example, the adsorption of a dodecapeptide on the Au {111} and mica {001} surfaces is described in aqueous solution. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
From disguised protectionism to rewarding regulation: The impact of trade-related labor standards in the Dominican Republic

Policymakers in the Dominican Republic have responded to foreign pressure by rewriting their labor laws and revitalizing their labor ministry. What are the likely consequences? Is aggressive labor law enforcement more likely to protect vulnerable workers from abuse and exploitation or to undermine their ability to compete for labor-intensive employment in an unforgiving world economy? And what are the broader implications of the answer? I address these questions by analyzing qualitative as well as quantitative data on workplace regulators empowered by the Dominican Republic in response to trade-related labor standards imposed by the United States and find that they reconcile social protection with economic adjustment by simultaneously discouraging “low road” employment practices like informality, union-busting, and the exploitation of child labor, and encouraging “high road” alternatives that link firms, farms, and families, on the one hand, to public educational, training, and financial institutions, on the other. The result is a potentially inclusive alternative to the repressive industrial relations regime that fueled export-led development – and the East Asian “miracle” in particular – in the late twentieth century.
Mode splitting and the coherent instability in high-gain lasers

A high-gain continuous-wave laser may exhibit an output instability in the form of a periodic pulse train or chaotic signal. In the time domain, the instability is interpreted as resulting from the inability of the medium’s polarization to respond quickly enough to perturbations in the optical field of the cavity. In the frequency domain, it can be interpreted as arising from the splitting of a single longitudinal mode into several oscillating lines, each of which satisfies the same cavity-resonance condition as the original mode. We show that the mode-splitting interpretation of the instability yields a new understanding of the complex behavior reported in xenon, helium–xenon, and helium–neon lasers. The fundamental frequencies of the instability and the possibility of chaotic output are shown to be consistent with unequally spaced resonant modes that arise close to the laser threshold. With saturation, nonresonant harmonics of the fundamental frequencies appear in the laser output. These harmonics have fixed phases relative to the resonant modes and lead to the complex asymmetries of the pulse shapes. Interaction between the resonant and nonresonant modes can trigger period doubling in the pulse train.
Examining mechanisms of action in 12-Step community outpatient treatment

Twelve-step theory hypothesizes that changes in specific cognitions and behaviors, including adoption of disease model beliefs and involvement in self-help programs, lead to symptom reduction. We examined the role of self-help affiliation in treatment outcome using causal chain analysis. Baseline, end-treatment and follow-up self-help affiliation and substance use were assessed in 252 drug and alcohol abusers attending a community program. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three cognitive-behavioral or 12-Step oriented individual counseling conditions. Participants also were assigned, based on problem severity, to one of three treatment settings (partial hospitalization; intensive outpatient; standard outpatient) that varied according to intensity of additional 12-Step programming. Repeated-measures ANOVA indicated that self-help affiliation increased overall during treatment, particularly in the 12-Step counseling condition (versus cognitive-behavioral), and the partial hospitalization setting (versus standard outpatient). Multiple regression indicated that self-help affiliation was negatively associated with substance use 6 months post-treatment, and that this was not moderated by condition. Self-help affiliation predicted outcome most strongly in the partial hospitalization setting and not at all in outpatient; however, this effect was accounted for by participants' initial problem severity: high-severity patients had poorer outcomes if they failed to increase self-help affiliation, relative to those who increased affiliation and to low-severity patients regardless of affiliation. Results indicate that, in this community-based program, self-help affiliation increased as a function of exposure to 12-Step oriented treatment programming, and significantly predicted better outcome among patients with high levels of problem severity. Implications for future treatment process and dissemination research are discussed.
Starting in Immunology by Way of Immunopathology

This article comments on my trajectory first from Havana as a medical student, to Pittsburgh as a pathology intern, then to La Jolla. It reviews my initial experience in immunology research at the Scripps Research Institute in the early 1960s. Under Frank Dixon, my work examined how antibodies to the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) cause disease. I present these studies in the broader context of immunological renal injury. The early studies by Dixon and his group examining the models of acute or chronic serum sickness were major for our understanding of renal and vascular pathology. I review them because of their historical importance in immunopathology and also cover facets of Dixon's overall contributions to immunology. The studies in serum sickness and anti-GBM nephritis led to an understanding of autoimmune glomerulonephritides, the first proven autoantibody-induced diseases.
Impairment of one-trial passive avoidance learning in mice by scopolamine, scopolamine methylbromide, and physostigmine.

Abstract Scopolamine (1.0 mg/kg) or physostigmine (0.5 mg/kg) administered to different groups of mice in a passive avoidance test before learning resulted in impairment in a retrieval test 24 hr later. When these doses were combined, retrieval was markedly enhanced, indicating that antagonism could be revealed by a proper mixture of doses. No evidence of central effects was obtained from scopolamine methylbromide or neostigmine. These results support the hypothesis that central cholinergic neurons are involved in passive avoidance learning in mice.
Use of the Cre-lox Recombination System To Investigate the lp54 Gene Requirement in the Infectious Cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi

Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, has a complex genome consisting of a linear chromosome and up to 21 linear and circular plasmids. These plasmids encode numerous proteins critical to the spirochete's infectious cycle and many hypothetical proteins whose functions and requirements are unknown. The conserved linear plasmid lp54 encodes several proteins important for survival in the mouse-tick infectious cycle, but the majority of the proteins are of unknown function and lack homologs outside the borreliae. In this study we adapted the Cre-lox recombination system to create large deletions in the B. burgdorferi genome. Using Cre-lox, we systematically investigated the contribution of 14 adjacent genes on the left arm of lp54 to the overall infectivity of B. burgdorferi. The deletion of the region of lp54 encompassing bba07 to bba14 had no significant effect on the infectious cycle of B. burgdorferi. The deletion of bba01 to bba07 resulted in a slight growth defect but did not significantly affect the ability of B. burgdorferi to complete the infectious cycle. This study demonstrated the utility of the Cre-lox system to efficiently explore gene requirements in B. burgdorferi and surprisingly revealed that a large number of the highly conserved proteins encoded on lp54 are not required to complete the infectious cycle.
Interface crack between two elastic layers

A semi-infinite interface crack between two infinite isotropic elastic layers under general edge loading conditions is considered. The problem can be solved analytically except for a single real scalar independent of loading, which is then extracted from the numerical solution for one particular loading combination. Two applications of the basic solution are made which illustrate its utility: interface cracking driven by residual stress in a thin film on a substrate, and an analysis of a test specimen proposed recently for measuring interface toughness.
Inflammasome in the Skin

The skin, our largest organ, protects us from our environment and is therefore constantly subjected to microbial, chemical, and physical insults. Not surprisingly, it is endowed with the capacity to detect these events and respond accordingly, alerting the immune system when needed, often through the inflammasome. In this chapter, we propose a synthetic view of the role and implication of the inflammasome in the skin. We will consider first the molecular events leading to its activation and the consequences of IL-1β secretion, and then lessons from the bedside, reviewing diseases that are inflammasome dependent and their effect on the skin.
mechanism of glucagon choleresis in guinea pigs

The present studies were carried out to clarify the mechanism of glucagon choleresis in guinea pigs. At the infusion rate of 1.4 nmol.min-1.kg-1, glucagon increased bile flow from 206.6 +/- 14.3 to 302.6 +/- 35.0 microliters.min-1.kg-1 and bicarbonate biliary concentration from 63.7 +/- 4.2 to 75.5 +/- 5.9 meq/l. Measurements of bile acid excretion in bile, the biliary tree volume, and of the hormone choleretic effect in guinea pigs with proliferated bile ductules/ducts induced by alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate feeding indicated that glucagon, unlike secretin, stimulated canalicular bile flow. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin administration (5 mg.kg-1.h-1) did not modify the choleretic effect of glucagon, and infusion of a glucagon analogue (TH-glucagon, 1.4 nmol.min-1.kg-1), which did not increase hepatic formation of adenosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), failed to stimulate bile flow. Like the parent hormone, however, TH-glucagon augmented plasma glucose levels and stimulated formation of inositol phosphates. Colchicine pretreatment (0.5 mg/kg ip) almost entirely prevented the choleretic effect of glucagon but did not modify spontaneous and bile acid-induced bile flow and the stimulatory effect of the hormone on glucose release and on hepatic formation of cAMP and inositol phosphates. Finally, glucagon produced a large increase in the biliary entry of horseradish peroxidase, even though this effect was transient and was not coupled to the increase in bile flow. These results indicate that glucagon choleresis in the guinea pig is not secondary to prostaglandin release, is canalicular in origin, involves bicarbonate secretion, is mediated by cAMP, and requires an intact microtubular system.
SOME MECHANISMS IN PRODUCING AND REDUCING STRESS AND FEAR

SUMMARY The different viewpoints of Neal E. Miller, Martin E.P. Seligman and James C. Coleman on mechamisms that cause fear in excessively stressful situations and methods of reducing stress and fear are discussed. Miller and Seligman mainly stress different forms of learning as explanations for the formation of fear, and they therefore also suggest different extinction techniques and re-learning in order to reduce fear. Coleman holds a more eclectic view, also stressing constitutional and situational factors as important. For Coleman, mild supportive therapy and rest are the two most useful therapeutical tools in chronic stress situations. Some similarities considered to be found between Miller's concept of “a learned drive of fear” and Seligman's “behavioral immunization”, when operationalized, are mentioned.
Strategies to avoid a missed diagnosis of co-occurring concussion in post-acute patients having a spinal cord injury

Research scientists and clinicians should be aware that missed diagnoses of mild-moderate traumatic brain injuries in post-acute patients having spinal cord injuries may approach 60-74% with certain risk factors, potentially causing clinical consequences for patients, and confounding the results of clinical research studies. Factors leading to a missed diagnosis may include acute trauma-related life-threatening issues, sedation/intubation, subtle neuropathology on neuroimaging, failure to collect Glasgow Coma Scale scores or duration of posttraumatic amnesia, or lack of validity of this information, and overlap in neuro-cognitive symptoms with emotional responses to spinal cord injuries. Strategies for avoiding a missed diagnosis of mild-moderate traumatic brain injuries in patients having a spinal cord injuries are highlighted in this perspective.
Leisure and Family Change: 1960—1990

(1981). Leisure and Family Change: 1960—1990. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 52, Including Leisure Today, pp. 47-50.
Serial-Chain Kinematics

This chapter develops kinematics models for serial-chain rigid multibody systems. Although serial-chains are perhaps the simplest examples of multibody systems, many of the concepts and techniques developed for these systems apply, with only modest extensions, to general multibody systems.
The 9 April 1993 earthquake in south-central Texas: Was it induced by fluid withdrawal?

An earthquake that occurred 9 April 1993, about 80-km south of San Antonio, is the largest earthquake known ( mbLg = 4.3) in south-central Texas in historic times. The earthquake was felt over a 4000-km2 area, and modified Mercalli intensities were as high as VI at a gas production facility near Fashing, Texas. Similar, smaller events have occurred since 1973 at three sites near Fashing, Pleasanton, and Falls City, Texas. We propose a list of nine yes-no questions to assess whether a sequence of earthquakes may have been induced by fluid withdrawal. The criteria suggest that at least two sites (Fashing and Pleasanton) had earthquakes that were induced by fluid withdrawal related to ongoing oil and gas production. An alternative possibility is that these events are the southwesternmost examples in a band of weak, natural seismic activity between 135 and 240 km from the coast of the Gulf of Mexico and extending from this region east to the Texas-Louisiana border. In addition, some injection occurs at all three sites, although the volumes of fluid injected at Fashing and Pleasanton are low enough as to make injection an unlikely cause.
Measles Virus Neutralizing Antibody Response, Cell-Mediated Immunity, and Immunoglobulin G Antibody Avidity Before and After Receipt of a Third Dose of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine in Young Adults

BACKGROUND Two doses of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine are 97% effective against measles, but waning antibody immunity to measles and failure of the 2-dose vaccine occur. We administered a third MMR dose (MMR3) to young adults and assessed immunogenicity over 1 year. METHODS Measles virus (MeV) neutralizing antibody concentrations, cell-mediated immunity (CMI), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody avidity were assessed at baseline and 1 month and 1 year after MMR3 receipt. RESULTS Of 662 subjects at baseline, 1 (0.2%) was seronegative for MeV-neutralizing antibodies (level, <8 mIU/mL), and 23 (3.5%) had low antibody levels (8-120 mIU/mL). One month after MMR3 receipt, 1 subject (0.2%) was seronegative, and 6 (0.9%) had low neutralizing antibodies, with only 21 of 662 (3.2%) showing a ≥ 4-fold rise in neutralizing antibodies. One year after MMR3 receipt, no subject was seronegative, and 10 of 617 (1.6%) had low neutralizing antibody levels. CMI analyses showed low levels of spot-forming cells after stimulation, suggesting the presence of T-cell memory, but the response was minimal after MMR3 receipt. MeV IgG avidity did not correlate with findings of neutralization analyses. CONCLUSIONS Most subjects were seropositive before MMR3 receipt, and very few had a secondary immune response after MMR3 receipt. Similarly, CMI and avidity analyses showed minimal qualitative improvements in immune response after MMR3 receipt. We did not find compelling data to support a routine third dose of MMR vaccine.
Toward More Sensible Achievement Measurement: A Retrospective

As a graduate student some twenty years ago, I carried Gulliksen’s Theory of Mental Tests (1950) around with me like a bible; I nearly had it committed to memory before my comprehensive examinations. Yet I always had an uneasy feeling that despite its elegance, there was something off about classical test theory as a theory of measurement. When I stumbled occasionally upon alternatives like Guttman scaling and Loevinger’s homogeneity analysis, something clicked; I resonated to the underlying implications of these approaches to measurement. But they were rather obscure procedures, and, although others claimed otherwise, I could never produce very scalable sets of items. So I carried on business as usual — even to this very day, I can’t resist the urge to calculate KR20 whenever I am presented with a body of test data.
Water Masses and Nutrient Sources to the Gulf of Maine.

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2015. This article is posted here by permission of Sears Foundation for Marine Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Marine Research 73 (2015): 93-122, doi:10.1357/002224015815848811.
La colección de documentos de Pedro de Angelis y el diario de Diego de Alvear

Contiene: La coleccion de documentos de Pedro de Angelis, por Teodoro Becu. Un codice desconocido del diario de Diego de Alvear, por Jose Torre Revello. Resena bibliografica de los escritos de Diego de Alvear y Ponce de Leon
Management of hypercholesterolemia in the hypertensive patient.

Measurement of serum total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) is recommended in the comprehensive evaluation of hypertensive patients. The prevalence of hyper-cholesterolemia is higher in hypertensive compared to normotensive individuals and the cardiovascular risk associated with high blood pressure is increased when hypercholesterolemia is present. Diuretics and/or beta blockers may increase TC, triglyceride (TG), and very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) levels and/or reduce HDL-C levels, but it is not certain if these changes in blood lipids and lipoproteins decrease the benefits of the blood pressure reduction that they produce. Blood pressure and blood cholesterol levels may be reduced through dietary modification and low-fat diets blunt the changes in lipids and lipoproteins induced by diuretics or beta blockers. Despite these changes, many hypertensive patients require lipid-lowering drugs to reduce low-density lipotrotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels to an acceptable range. Lipid lowering drugs may produce bothersome side effects and/or increase the cost of medical therapy considerably. However, several lipid lowering drugs have been shown to reduce primary CHD incidence in middle-aged men with hypercholesterolemia.
Zika virus: A primer for clinicians.

The ongoing outbreak of Zika virus infection that began in South America and Central America in 2014 is worrisome because of associations with fetal microcephaly and with Guillain-Barre syndrome. Here we summarize what has happened and what is known so far. As the outbreak continues to evolve, we urge clinicians to watch for updates at cdc.gov.
Knee Rotation: The HSS School

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has evolved significantly over the past 40 years. Early research performed at Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) provided improved knowledge in terms of the anatomical structure and function of the ligament. Consequent studies noted poor functional outcomes with nonoperative management, leading to early attempts to repair the injured ligament. Failures of this technique led to augmented repairs and subsequently reconstructions, with improving functional outcomes with each transition. Further understanding of the isometry of the reconstruction, and its ability to resist both translational and rotational forces, has led to the development of modern-day reconstructive techniques. Additionally, simultaneous study on the role of secondary stabilizers and the impact of an ACL tear on those structures has resulted in more complete care with meniscal preservation and concomitant cruciate or collateral repair or reconstruction. The goal of this chapter is to provide a historical perspective on the relevant literature and subsequent progression of treatment for ACL tears at HSS.
Aging-Related Changes in Decoding Negative Complex Mental States from Faces

Background/Study Context: Many studies have found age-related declines in emotion recognition, with older adult (OA) deficits strongest for negative emotions. Some evidence suggests that OA also show worse performance in decoding complex mental states. However, no research has investigated whether those deficits are stronger for negative states.Methods: The authors investigated OA (ages 65–93) and younger adult (YA; ages 18–22) performance on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RME), a well-validated measure of the ability to decode complex mental states from faces.Results: The authors replicated findings showing OA deficits in this task. Using a multilevel logistic model, the authors found that the poorer performance of OA was due to worse performance on items for which a negative state was the correct answer. When analyzing each age group separately, OA scored worse on negative than positive items, whereas YA performance did not vary as a function of item valence. These age differences on the RME cou...
Improved stability criteria of ADP control for efficient context-aware decision support systems

This paper addresses the issue of stability of approximate dynamic programming (ADP) in various sequential decision making problems, including intelligent control. We employ an ADP control algorithm that iteratively improves an internal model of the external world in the autonomous system based on its continuous interaction with the environment. Through the incremental learning process, the system becomes aware of the consequences of its action into the world. We extend previous results on stability of the ADP control to the case of general multi-layer neural network approximators. We demonstrate the benefit of our results in the control of various systems, including the cart pole balancing problem. Our results show significantly improved learning and control performance as compared to the state-of-art.
Papist Devils: Catholics in British America, 1574–1783. By Robert Emmett Curran. (Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 2014. Pp. vii, 315. $29.95.)

The title of this book is confusing. It suggests that the book views Catholics in colonial America from an external perspective, that of their fellow colonists, who despised them as “papist devils....
Towards the rational design of solvents that give rise to highly efficient solution-processed perovskite solar cells

A new class of materials now exhibits solar cell efficiencies rivaling market-leading silicon-based systems. These so-called hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (HOIPs) have other advantages, especially their earth abundance and solution processing at moderate temperatures that makes them inexpensive to create. While efficiency advances through device design have largely been harvested, it is clear that any future advances due to materials choice or processing protocol will be far harder to achieve. However, there are so many parameters involved in this system (choice of cations, anions, solvent, processing conditions, etc.) that an Edisonian approach is not likely to be fruitful. We shall show how molecular-scale, but computationally expensive, simulations can shed light on the early stages of HOIP fabrication. We will also demonstrate the potential for optimization methods to provide accelerated searches of parameter space in the "processing-material-property-function" relationship.
Incidentally Discovered Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Lacrimal Gland with Isolated Liver Metastases.

Aim: To report a rare presentation of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the lacrimal gland. Method: This is a case report presenting clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic findings. Results: A 72-year-old female with no reported ocular symptoms was found to have an incidental right orbital mass on imaging. Additional studies revealed multiple liver lesions, which were biopsied and found to be consistent with ACC. She was then referred to the ophthalmology service, where ocular examination demonstrated 2.5 mm of right proptosis with elevation and abduction deficits. Diplopia could be elicited in extreme upgaze and right lateral gaze. An excisional biopsy of the orbital mass was performed, with histopathology confirming the diagnosis of primary ACC of the lacrimal gland, thereby also supporting the initial suspicion that the hepatic ACC lesions represented metastases. Conclusion: The authors describe a rare presentation of ACC of the lacrimal gland, initially asymptomatic, with metastatic lesions restricted to the liver at the time of diagnosis. Three previous cases of ACC with isolated metastatic hepatic lesions at the time of diagnosis have been reported; all of these cases localized the primary tumor to the salivary glands.
A Short History of Florida Entomologist in Recognition of 100 Years of Publication

On 5 Jan 1916, 11 men interested in entomology formed the Florida Entomological Society. (Yes, they were all men; remember, this was 100 years ago—virtually all entomologists were men!) The purpose of the society was stated to be “to stimulate active interest in entomology on the part of Floridians. There is at present a marked dearth of amateur entomologists in the State.” Anyone interested in “bugs” was invited to participate. At its inception, there were 39 members. The history of the Florida Entomological Society has been summarized at least 6 times, notably by Tissot et al. (1954) and Denmark (1993). Rather than repeating the long and interesting history of the Society, I report here only on the general trends seen in the journal sponsored by the Florida Entomological Society: Florida Entomologist. View this article in BioOne
Cost Effective Provisioning of Electricity in Smart Nano-grid Using GA and Optimized Heuristic Algorithm

In the last few decades, developing countries power demand has increased which lead to several critical issues like frequent power outages and peak pricing hours. Utilization of distributed energy sources along with utility grid has helped to cope with these issues to certain level but still there are some loopholes. Novel intelligent algorithms are needed to handle such hybrid systems. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed for consistent and cost effective power supply for Grid-connected photovoltaic system which considers a set of constraints i.e. load-shedding hours, tariff hours and weather conditions. This paper proposes genetic algorithm for making optimal decision for the cost, considering all the above mentioned constraints. The research has also presented another heuristic algorithm which takes much less computation time then Genetic Algorithm and provides comparable results.
Lavrentiev’s Theorem and Error Estimation in Elliptic Inverse Problems

Lavrentiev’s theorem provides bounds for analytic functions known to be small at a finite number of points in a bounded region. An analogous result is established for solutions of elliptic equations on bounded regions in ℝ2 and applied to estimating non-uniqueness error in elliptic inverse problems.