cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Internal viscosity of sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles as a function of the chain length of n-alcohol modifiers

Abstract The rotational diffusion behavior of tetracene was used to probe the internal viscosity of sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles in the presence of several n-alcholols (C3–C8). Fluorescence anistropy of tetracene was measured using frequency-domain spectroscopy. Several solutions were studied which contained approximately the same number of alcohol molecules per micelle. The results indicate that, while the addition of alcohol allows tetracene to reorient faster within the micelle, the chain length of the alcohol has little effect on the reorientation behavior. These findings have important ramifications regarding the choice of a mobile phase modifier in micellar liquid chromatography.
Acetate supplementation increases brain phosphocreatine and reduces AMP levels with no effect on mitochondrial biogenesis

Acetate supplementation in rats increases plasma acetate and brain acetyl-CoA levels. Although acetate is used as a marker to study glial energy metabolism, the effect that acetate supplementation has on normal brain energy stores has not been quantified. To determine the effect(s) that an increase in acetyl-CoA levels has on brain energy metabolism, we measured brain nucleotide, phosphagen and glycogen levels, and quantified cardiolipin content and mitochondrial number in rats subjected to acetate supplementation. Acetate supplementation was induced with glyceryl triacetate (GTA) by oral gavage (6 g/kg body weight). Rats used for biochemical analysis were euthanized using head-focused microwave irradiation at 2, and 4h following treatment to immediately stop metabolism. We found that acetate did not alter brain ATP, ADP, NAD, GTP levels, or the energy charge ratio [ECR, (ATP+½ ADP)/(ATP+ADP+AMP)] when compared to controls. However, after 4h of treatment brain phosphocreatine levels were significantly elevated with a concomitant reduction in AMP levels with no change in glycogen levels. In parallel studies where rats were treated with GTA for 28 days, we found that acetate did not alter brain glycogen and mitochondrial biogenesis as determined by measuring brain cardiolipin content, the fatty acid composition of cardiolipin and using quantitative ultra-structural analysis to determine mitochondrial density/unit area of cytoplasm in hippocampal CA3 neurons. Collectively, these data suggest that an increase in brain acetyl-CoA levels by acetate supplementation does increase brain energy stores however it has no effect on brain glycogen and neuronal mitochondrial biogenesis.
Transgredir ou estagnar? Desafiando Foucault na teoria da Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação (BCI)

Michel Foucault (1926-1984) e um pensador fundamental quando se considera a construcao de uma teoria critica para a Biblioteconomia e Ciencia da Informacao (BCI), ou Biblioteconomia. O filosofo e amplamente citado e seus conceitos adaptados a interface entre a ciencia da informacao/biblioteconomia, o discurso e as relacoes de poder. Apesar de diversos autores terem abordado estes temas, Foucault preserva sua centralidade. A Biblioteconomia tomou para si o desafio de explorar sua obra, e e chegado o momento de revisar, cuidadosamente, as implicacoes do pensamento foucaultiano como base para uma ciencia da informacao criticateorica. A obra de Foucault tem sido alvo de criticas e analises extensas, e este artigo pretende tomar um caminho semelhante dentro da BCI. Embora nao pretenda ser exaustivo, o artigo se propoe – atraves de um nucleo de autores – a realizar uma revisao das ideias foucaultianas dentro da BCI. Criticas e problemas do pensamento de Foucault sao revistos, uma vez que se considera que os trabalhos teoricos da BCI podem refletir os mesmos problemas das perspectivas do autor aplicados para analise e pesquisa.
Case report: Fibrogenesis imperfecta ossium with early onset: Observations after 20 years of illness

Fibrogenesis imperfecta ossium is a rare, acquired disorder of bone mineralization characterized by a morphologic abnormality of bone collagen that presents with bone pain and tenderness and usually results in the patient becoming bedridden. Onset of symptoms in the six previously reported cases of this disorder occurred in patients over 50 years of age. We report a case of fibrogenesis imperfecta ossium with symptoms starting at age 39 where the diagnosis was not made even after three bone biopsies because of the failure to recognize the characteristic morphologic abnormality of collagen. Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, increased urinary hydroxyproline, and numerous osteoclasts on a bone biopsy are compatible with increased bone turnover. There was no apparent abnormality of vitamin D metabolism contributing to this disorder. Treatment with sodium fluoride, synthetic salmon calcitonin, and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D did not result in any apparent benefit.
Tectonics of the San Andreas Fault System geologic studies

Earthquake probability. A long-term rate of right-lateral slip on the San Andreas fault of between 1 and 2 cm/yr over at least the past 25 million years and possibly 60 million years has been further confirmed and defined by recent analyses of offset sedimentary basins [Vedder, 1966; Addicott, 1968; Dibblee, 1966; Cummings, 1968; and Wentworth, 1968]. The data suggest possible variations between these limits in different geologic periods, but data are not yet adequate to define the changes precisely. These long-term rates are approximately the same as those determined by geodesy and other means. For example, Brown and Wallace [1968] found that an average rate of about 2 cm/yr from historic offsets of man-made structures along the segment of the fault between Paicines and Cholame.
Initial experiments and analysis of blunt-edge vortex flows for VFE-2 configurations at NASA Langley, USA

Abstract A review is presented of the initial experimental results and analysis that formed the basis the Vortex Flow Experiment 2 (VFE-2). The focus of this work was to distinguish the basic effects of Reynolds number, Mach number, angle of attack, and leading-edge bluntness on separation-induced leading-edge vortex flows that are common to slender wings. Primary analysis is focused on detailed static surface pressure distributions, and the results demonstrate significant effects regarding the onset and progression of leading-edge vortex separation.
Environmental Attitudes and Information Sources among African American College Students.

The author examined the environmental attitudes of African American college students by using the 15-item New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) Scale. The author also attempted to determine their everyday environmental behaviors such as recycling and conservation and investigated major information sources for local, national, and international environmental issues. In general, African American college students were modestly proenvironmental, as determined by the NEP Scale. In terms of behavior, recycling of 5 different materials ranged from 13% to 15% of participants. Television and the Internet were the students' major sources of information on environmental news, and daily newspapers and governmental sources were the students' least used sources.
El Nino and its effect on precipitation in Arizona and Western New Mexico

This paper focuses primarily on the effect of El Nino on seasonal and annual precipitation at 26 locations in Arizona and western New Mexico for an 86-year period from 1900 to 1985. Following Rasmusson (1984), each year is classified as either a non-El Nino year (51) or an El Nino year (35), with the El Ninos designated as being very weak (4), weak (8), moderate (12), or strong (11). Using the Mann-Whitney U-test for the 19 stations in Arizona, we find that, in the spring (March-May) and in the autumn (September-November), there is a positive relationship between precipitation in Arizona and both moderate and strong El Ninos. These results are verified by correlating seasonal and annual precipitation for the complete 26-station network with the pressure difference between Tahiti and Darwin. Plausible physical explanations for these results are given.
Raman study of the influence of conformational structure on the ν1 and ν13 vibrations of the benzene ring in polystyrene and its model compounds

The influence of the chain conformation on the ν1 and ν13 normal modes of the benzene ring in atactic and isotactic polystyrene and their model compounds has been investigated by Raman spectroscopy. The ν1 mode which appears in the 750–800 cm−1 region is influenced as much by the local conformation of the alkyl chain as by the length of the considered conformational structure along the chain. The ν13 mode which appears in the 1195–1215 cm−1 region is only influenced by the local conformation and is insensitive to the length of the alkyl chain.
The Status and Future of Orchid Conservation in North America

Abstract The status and trends of issues related to the conservation of orchids native to the United States, Canada, and Greenland are considered. We focus on nine of the 16 Targets of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). The first two targets, which all other targets rely upon, appear to have been adequately achieved, in addition to Target 11. Limited progress has been made on six other GSPC targets. Three case studies of efforts to conserve the native threatened orchids, Platanthera leucophaea (Nutt.) Lindl., Isotria medeoloides (Pursh) Raf., and Tolumnia bahamensis (Nash) Braem, are presented to demonstrate the difficulties as well as the issues associated with effective conservation. We describe our efforts to establish an international program to conserve all native orchids in the United States and Canada. The North American Orchid Conservation Center (NAOCC) is an internationally focused effort that is based on public-private partnerships. The goal of NAOCC is to conserve the genetic d...
Demarcation of a Duplex Zone: Rockport Lake Area, Utah: ABSTRACT

The structural relationship between the east-trending Uinta axis and the north-trending overthrust systems in Utah and southwestern Wyoming remains a major structural problem with important implications for regional tectonics and petroleum exploration. This relationship is apparent in the Rockport Lake area where a lateral to oblique ramp formed in the Absaroka thrust system and was folded about the Uinta axis. Three northeast-trending subparallel thrusts forming a duplex zone are exposed at the surface in the Rockport Lake area. From north to south, the thrusts place Kelvin Formation over Evanston Formation, Frontier Formation over Kelvin Formation, and Preuss formation over Frontier Formation, respectively. Ubiquitous stylolitic pressure solution cleavage in the hanging wall of the ramp shows major shortening from the west. South of the Weber River, in the foot wall of the ramp, the stylolitic cleavage is less common but still present. Angular unconformities between the Frontier and Evanston Formations End_Page 932------------------------------ and between the Evanston and lower Wasatch Formations show the Uintas to have risen in two distinct pulses. The earliest rise may have begun by Maestrichtian time and the latest rise, forming the north flank fault system, culminated in the Eocene. End_of_Article - Last_Page 933------------
Biophotonics studies on lipid membranes using oblique incidence reflectivity difference (OI-RD) ellipsometry

In this study we report new results on the changes in optical properties of glass surfaces induced during wet photolithography using Oblique Incidence Reflectivity Difference Ellipsometry (OI-RD). A novel wet UV-photolithographic method for patterning phospholipid bilayers into two-dimensional arrays of voids and patches on hydrophilic glass substrates is presented. Especially, this technique involves etching the glass substrate fused with lipid vesicle solution and subsequently illuminated with short-wavelength UV light through a photo mask thus creating voids in the irradiated regions. The effects of the chemical etching and subsequent UV irradiation on the surfaces of microscope glass slides are investigated using the OI-RD technique. In this study, we have observed that the UV irradiation after chemical etching further changes the properties of the surface, even in the absence of the lipid bilayer. As a result, irradiating the chemically etched surface before the UV photolithography step renders the whole surface homogenous. Furthermore, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments have been conducted on such homogenized surfaces which reveal that the fluidic properties of the membranes are retained. The created patterns are suitable to study protein-DNA interactions in the lipid environment. Our long term goal is to utilize this technique as a new screening approach for testing drug interactions above and below the cell surface.
Self-Esteem and Delinquency Revisited (Again): A Test of Kaplan's Self-Derogation Theory of Delinquency Using Latent Growth Curve Modeling

Investigations of Kaplan's self-derogation theory of delinquency are numerous, but results have been mixed. Progress in this domain of research may be hampered by the use of statistical methods that do not optimally test hypotheses derived from the theory. In this study, the relationship between self-esteem and delinquency is examined using latent growth curve modeling (LGM). Analyses of panel data from the Youth In Transition study supported Kaplan's theory by showing that delinquency was positively associated with growth in self-esteem among adolescent boys who initially reported having low self-regard. It was also found that self-esteem had a moderate, but significant, negative relationship with subsequent delinquency, net of prior delinquent behavior. It is concluded that future investigations of the relationship between self-esteem and delinquency would benefit from the use of LGM.
Another look at epoxy thermosets correlating structure with mechanical properties

All glassy epoxy polymers develop macroscopic properties at some degree of conversion. Our selected example, diglycidyl ether bisphenol-A epoxy pre-polymer, was cured with 3,3′-diaminodiphenylsulfone at stoichiometric equivalents using a series of cure profiles to produce distinct variation in the degree of epoxy conversion and result in varying network and network connectivity. Activation energy of epoxy-amine reaction in this selected system was ∼61 kJ/mol. The calculated reaction energy barrier was found to vary with the extent of epoxy conversion and is attributed to multimechanistic reactions. Epoxy-amine conversion was tracked in situ via near infrared spectroscopic analysis. A single cure condition (90°C) was selected for experiments focused on preferential linear chain growth and minimal branching and/or crosslinking. The physical properties for matrix materials from samples prepared to varying degrees of conversion were characterized and tested for fracture toughness, tensile, flexural, compression properties, molecular weight between crosslinks/crosslink density, and glass transition temperature(s). An empirical equation was also designed to predict molecular weight between crosslinks based on chemical connectivity and extent of reaction. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:1990–2004, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Scalability and accuracy in a large-scale network emulator

This paper presents ModelNet, a scalable Internet emulation environment that enables researchers to deploy unmodified software prototypes in a configurable Internet-like environment and subject them to faults and varying network conditions. Edge nodes running user-specified OS and application software are configured to route their packets through a set of ModelNet core nodes, which cooperate to subject the traffic to the bandwidth, congestion constraints, latency, and loss profile of a target network topology.This paper describes and evaluates the ModelNet architecture and its implementation, including novel techniques to balance emulation accuracy against scalability. The current ModelNet prototype is able to accurately subject thousands of instances of a distrbuted application to Internet-like conditions with gigabits of bisection bandwidth. Experiments with several large-scale distributed services demonstrate the generality and effectiveness of the infrastructure.
Simulation results for third-generation HF automatic link establishment

The third generation of HF automation technology was designed to efficiently support large, data-intensive networks as well as the traditional voice and smaller network applications of second-generation HF networks. The performance goals for the new generation of technology were order-of-magnitude improvements in network size, traffic throughput, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Third-generation technology has now been standardized in MIL-STD-188-141B Appendix C. This paper presents initial results of simulating third-generation HF networks with various network topologies and workloads. The NetSim simulations employ a validated HF propagation module and a detailed implementation of the protocols under study. Analysis of the simulation results indicates that the new technology links faster, carries heavier traffic, and scales better than current generation HF ALE.
High resolution 3D in vivo mouse brain imaging at 9.4 T bruker MRI system

This paper presents a novel approach for 3D imaging of the mouse brain in vivo at high magnetic field. High resolution 3D in vivo mouse brain images provide important information for understanding the relationship between genotype and phenotype in transgenic mice models, which are widely used in translational research of human diseases. Compared to ex vivo, in vivo imaging is more accurate and essential for longitudinal studies. High resolution MRI of a mouse brain in vivo is very challenging because the quality of the image is impacted by animal motion, physiological noise, MRI susceptibility and scan time limitation. Through our efforts to optimize the hardware, anesthesia technique, animal monitoring and MRI sequence design, we have achieved high quality 3D in vivo images at 100mum resolution, which allows for future accurate morphological studies.
Optimization of an HVAC system with a strength multi-objective particle-swarm algorithm

A data-driven approach for the optimization of a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system in an office building is presented. A neural network (NN) algorithm is used to build a predictive model since it outperformed five other algorithms investigated in this paper. The NN-derived predictive model is then optimized with a strength multi-objective particle-swarm optimization (S-MOPSO) algorithm. The relationship between energy consumption and thermal comfort measured with temperature and humidity is discussed. The control settings derived from optimization of the model minimize energy consumption while maintaining thermal comfort at an acceptable level. The solutions derived by the S-MOPSO algorithm point to a large number of control alternatives for an HVAC system, representing a range of trade-offs between thermal comfort and energy consumption.
Evaluating population connectivity for species of conservation concern in the American Great Plains

Habitat loss and fragmentation are widely recognized as among the most important threats to global biodiversity. New analytical approaches are providing an improved ability to predict the effects of landscape change on population connectivity at vast spatial extents. This paper presents an analysis of population connectivity for three species of conservation concern (swift fox (Vulpes velox); lesser prairie-chicken (Tym- panuchus pallidicinctus); massasuaga (Sistrurus catenatus)) across the American Great Plains region. We used factorial least-cost path and resistant kernel analyses to predict effects of landscape conditions on corridor network connectivity. Our predictions of population connectivity provide testable hypotheses about the location of core habitats, corridors, and barriers to movement. The results indicate that connectivity is more sensitive to a species' dispersal ability than variation in landscape resistance to movement. Thus, it may prove difficult to optimize conservation strategies to maintain population connectivity for multiple species with disparate dispersal abilities and independent distributions.
Myostatin inhibits myosatellite cell proliferation and consequently activates differentiation: evidence for endocrine-regulated transcript processing

Myostatin is a potent negative regulator of muscle growth in mammals. Despite high structural conservation, functional conservation in nonmammalian species is only assumed. This is particularly true for fish due to the presence of several myostatin paralogs: two in most species and four in salmonids (MSTN-1a, -1b, -2a, and -2b). Rainbow trout are a rich source of primary myosatellite cells as hyperplastic muscle growth occurs even in adult fish. These cells were therefore used to determine myostatin's effects on proliferation whereas our earlier studies reported its effects on quiescent cells. As in mammals, recombinant myostatin suppressed proliferation with no changes in cell morphology. Expression of MSTN-1a was several fold higher than the other paralogs and was autoregulated by myostatin, which also upregulated the expression of key differentiation markers: Myf5, MyoD1, myogenin, and myosin light chain. Thus, myostatin-stimulated cellular growth inhibition activates rather than represses differentiation. IGF-1 stimulated proliferation but had minimal and delayed effects on differentiation and its actions were suppressed by myostatin. However, IGF-1 upregulated MSTN-2a expression and the processing of its transcript, which is normally unprocessed. Myostatin therefore appears to partly mediate IGF-stimulated myosatellite differentiation in rainbow trout. This also occurs in mammals, although the IGF-stimulated processing of MSTN-2a transcripts is highly unique and is indicative of subfunctionalization within the gene family. These studies also suggest that the myokine's actions, including its antagonistic relationship with IGF-1, are conserved and that the salmonid gene family is functionally diverging.
Splenic macrophages from the NOD mouse are defective in the ability to present antigen

IDDM results from the destruction of pancreatic beta-cells by autoreactive T-cells that appear to avoid deletion early in development, possibly due to improper interaction with antigen-presenting cells (APCs) resident in the thymus or periphery. In the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse, there exists a defect in APC function characterized by its failure to fully mature upon stimulation. The NOD mouse thus provides an excellent model for the investigation of APC dysfunction and development and how these relate to the incidence of autoimmune diabetes. We initiated studies of APC function in the NOD mouse with respect to antigen processing and presentation, using a well-characterized antigen hen egg lysozyme (HEL) and comparing it with the closely related, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (I-Ag7) identical, diabetes-resistant mouse strain NOR. Proliferation assays comparing NOD and NOR HEL-specific T-cells demonstrated that the T-cell proliferation response of the NOD mouse to both native and denatured forms of the antigen is lower than that of NOR. When crisscross proliferation experiments were conducted using purified T-cells and irradiated spleen cells as APCs from both strains, the results demonstrated that the defect in proliferation resided in the APC compartment of activation. The levels of intracellular glutathione (GSH) were compared in splenic macrophages from NOD and NOR mice; it was found that on antigenic stimulation, NOR macrophages produced significantly more intracellular GSH than did NOD macrophages, even under hyperglycemic (50 mmol/l glucose) conditions. The lower amount of GSH seen in the NOD may result in less efficient processing of antigen, and subsequently, lower levels of T-cell activation.
Human Dendritic Cells Genetically Engineered to Express High Levels of the Human Epithelial Tumor Antigen Mucin (MUC-1)

We have achieved stable high-level expression of a human tumor antigen, epithelial cell mucin (MUC-1), on human dendritic cells (DCs) by retroviral transduction of CD34+ progenitor cells and their subsequent cytokine-induced differentiation into DCs. The process of retroviral transduction did not alter the growth or differentiation of DCs from CD34+ progenitor cells. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy studies revealed that the expression of mucin was limited to the body of the DCs and was excluded from the cytoplasmic veils of the DCs. Furthermore, the expression of mucin on DCs was similar, if not identical, to the nonpolarized expression of mucin found on carcinoma cells. In functional studies, the MUC-1(+)-transduced DCs were potent stimulators of allogeneic CD4+ T cells and, in fact, were superior to MUC-1- DCs. Thus, MUC-1+ DCs are expected to be a valuable tool in the immunotherapeutic treatment of patients with tumors that express MUC-1.
ESTIMATING AGE OF TURTLES FROM GROWTH RINGS: A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE TECHNIQUE

The technique of counting growth rings to estimate age of turtles is widespread in the scientific literature. Review articles to date have provided primarily lists of authors who have found the technique useful or not, but these reviews have failed to evaluate properly how well the technique actually works. In an attempt to examine how well the published literature supports a biologically meaningful relationship between age and number of growth rings, we surveyed 145 scientific papers that have used counts of rings on scutes to estimate age of individual turtles. Of the 145 papers surveyed, the authors of 44 papers, which comprised 49 case studies, presented data testing the use of growth ring counts for a population of turtles. Of these 49 case studies, 6 reported that the use of the technique was reliable for aging their turtle species past sexual maturity, 15 reported its use to be reliable for aging turtles to young adult (i.e., sexual maturity), 8 reported its use to be reliable for aging juvenile turtles, 2 found it to be reliable with no age limit given, and 8 reported its use unreliable as a method for aging their turtles. The remainder of the case studies presented data that were difficult for us to interpret as reliable or unreliable. Although 22 papers addressed the pattern of growth ring deposition, only four case studies had sufficient data to indicate that a consistent number of rings was added each year. In this paper, we illustrate how the wide- spread use of this technique ultimately has led to its acceptance without the rigor of tests of its validity or accuracy. We conclude that (a) studies attempting to calibrate the relationship between growth rings and age are few, (b) a majority of the papers that we surveyed referenced other papers that did not themselves include a test justifying growth ring counts as an estimate of turtle age, (c) aging turtles from counts of growth rings might be feasible in some types of studies, for some species at some locations, but only after calibrating the relationship between ring counts and age for each circumstance, and (d) there is currently no justification for generalizing the use of growth rings to estimate turtle age for many species.
High Density Recording with Guided-Layer Media

The possibility of a guided-layer recording system is confirmed with recording test using the two 405nm LDs. Recordable guided-media is fabricated with a recording layer and a guide layer. Recording capacity of 25 GB could be recorded on a flat recording layer.
New Methods of Production of Highly Oriented Polymers by Solid State Extrusion

The development of thermoplastics of high tensile modulus has been the subject of intense research in recent years. This can be achieved by introducing a high degree of chain orientation and extension by solid state deformation of semicrystalline polymers by the processes of drawing (1) and extrusion (2).
On the generation of indirect combustion noise

It is known that a uniform compressible flow supports three types of disturbances. They are the entropy waves, which consist of only temperature and density fluctuations, the acoustic waves, and the vorticity waves. When entropy waves are convected into a non-uniform flow region, they are no longer independent waves. Their presence leads to pressure fluctuations, which results in the noise radiation commonly referred to as indirect combustion noise. In the past, because entropy waves and acoustic waves are not independent waves in a nonuniform flow region, the mechanism responsible for the generation of indirect combustion noise has been attributed to mode coupling, that is, the coupling of entropy and acoustic modes. The principal objective of the present investigation is to seek a more physical explanation of how indirect combustion noise is generated. In addition, a numerical simulation is carried out to demonstrate the generation of indirect combustion noise arising from the passage of a line entropy wave pulse through the non-uniform flow field created by a turbine blade. This simulation serves as a simple example illustrating the complex processes involved in sound generation and radiation that take place when entropy waves from a combustor pass through a turbine stage.
The influence of the ambient temperature on the moving striation processes of low pressure discharges

The information available so far in respect of moving and stationary striation processes is presented by the authors. The temperature dependence in the range of 20–40°C of the more important characteristics of moving striations was investigated in low-pressure Hg−A direct current discharges. In these investigations the whole discharge tube was surrounded by a stabilized water jacket.
Temperature distribution and thermal anomalies along a flowline of the Greenland ice sheet

Englacial and basal temperature data for the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) are sparse and mostly limited to deep interior sites and ice streams, providing an incomplete representation of the thermal state of ice within the ablation zone. Here we present 11 temperature profiles at five sites along a 34 km east–west transect of West Greenland. These profiles depict ice temperatures along a flowline and local temperature variations between closely spaced boreholes. A temperate basal layer is present in all profiles, increasing in thickness in the flow direction, where it expands from ∼3% of ice height furthest inland to 100% at the margin. Temperate thickness growth is inconsistent with modeled heat contributions from strain heating, heat conduction, and vertical extension of the temperate layer. We suggest that basal crevassing, facilitated by water pressures at or near ice overburden pressure, is responsible for the large temperate ice thicknesses observed. High-temperature kinks at 51–85 m depth are likely remnants from the thermal influence of partially water-filled crevasses up ice sheet. Steep horizontal temperature gradients between closely grouped boreholes suggest the recent thermal influence of a moulin. These profiles demonstrate the ability of meltwater to rapidly alter ice temperatures at all depths within the ablation zone.
Complement Fixation in Experimental Trypanosomiasis

It has long been known that the serum of animals infected with trypanosomes will give complement binding with antigens prepared from trypanosomes or the extracts of organs of animals dead from trypanosomiasis. As a part of a general study of experimental trypanosomiasis, we have examined the serum of a number of infected dogs by the complement binding reaction, with the idea of determining: (1) the time of occurrence of the reaction; (2) the relationship of the reaction to the various symptoms and pathologic changes; (3) the specificity of the reaction; (4) its relationship to the Wassermann reaction, and (5) the effect of salvarsan on the reaction.
A Brief Discussion on Emergence and Development of the Formation of Art

The formation of art is the base of modern appliance design.The establishment of Bauhaus Institute laid the foundation of emergence and development of the formation of art.
The Economic Globalization and Its Theoretical Justification

With the development of science and technology,the distances no long count for much.Many problems of our society are becoming global ones,including economy.This article analyzes the existing global economy,and studies its theoretical justification.Then the author points that the present form of globahzation is not sustainable,for it is not based on the real world.
Mechanism of AoGDW inhibiting platelet aggregation

Aim To confirm the mechanism of AoGDW(ω-aminooctanoic acid-glycine-aspartic acid-tryptophan) inhibiting platelet aggregation. Methods Effects of AoGDW on CD41 antibody binding to platelet GPⅡb/Ⅲa and the expression of P(selectin were assessed by FCM (flow cytometric messurements) using two-color assay. Results AoGDW inhibited CD41 antibody binding to activated platelets in a concentration-dependent manner (P0.01) versus negative group,but did not inhibit the binding of CD41 antibody to resting platelets. P-selectin binding to CD62p was not affected by AoGDW in resting platelets. Conclusion AoGDW competitive inhibited fibrinogen binding to the activated platelet receptor glycoprotein GPⅡb/Ⅲa and had no effect on platelet activation. AoGDW peptide was a kind of inhibitor of selective platelet GPⅡb/Ⅲa receptor.
Peripheral contrast sensitivity and attention in myopia

Disruption of normal visual experience or changes in the normal interaction between central and peripheral retinal input may lead to the development of myopia. In order to examine the relationship between peripheral contrast sensitivity and myopia, we manipulated attentional load for foveal vision in emmetropes and myopes while observers detected targets with peripheral vision. Peripheral contrast detection thresholds were measured binocularly using vertical Gabor stimuli presented at three eccentricities (±8°, 17°, 30°) in a spatial 2 alternative forced choice task. Contrast thresholds were measured in young adult (mean age 24.5±2.6years) emmetropes (n=17; group SE: +0.19±0.32D) and myopes (n=25; group SE: -3.74±1.99D). Attention at central fixation was manipulated with: (1) a low attention task, requiring simple fixation; or (2) a high attention task, which required subjects to perform a mathematical task. We found that at 30° all subjects exhibited lower contrast sensitivity (higher thresholds). In addition, myopes (Wilcoxon, p<0.01), but not emmetropes (Wilcoxon, p=0.1), had a significant decrease in sensitivity at 30° during the high attention task. However, the attention dependent threshold increase for myopes was not significantly greater than for emmetropes (Wilcoxon, p=0.27). Attentional load did not increase thresholds at 8° or 17° for either refractive group. These data indicate that myopes experience a greater decrease in contrast sensitivity in the far periphery than emmetropes when attention is deployed in central vision.
Chronic orbital and calvarial fungal infection with Apophysomyces variabilis in an immunocompetent patient.

Apophysomyces is a rare fungal organism causing rhino-orbito-cerebral mycotic infections with high morbidity and mortality, typically in immunocompetent individuals. Several cases of Apophysomyces elegans orbital disease have been reported. Herein, we report a case of Apophysomyces variabilis infection involving the orbit, sinuses, and calvarium in an immunocompetent 74-year-old woman, with a review of the literature. Unlike prior cases of A. elegans classic rhino-orbito-cerebral infection, our case included diffuse calvarial lytic lesions and overlying soft tissue nodules, but without parenchymal intracranial involvement. There was radiographic and clinical evidence of infarction of the orbital contents and cavernous sinus thrombosis. Anastomoses between the superior orbital (ophthalmic) vein and diploic veins of the calvarium are believed to be primarily responsible for the unusual mode of spread on the extradural surface of the brain. Although the patient stabilized without definitive surgical intervention, her disease slowly and intermittently progressed for over a year after presentation, requiring multiple courses of antifungal treatment.
Clinical Approach to Advanced Melanoma for Today and Tomorrow

The last decade has seen significant breakthroughs for the management of metastatic melanoma. The search for molecular targets and the new understanding of tumor’s interplay with the host immune system have led to the development of therapies that have changed the management and outcome of these patients. Biological agents have become front-line options for patients with melanoma. BRAF inhibitors and immune checkpoint blockade suppression by monoclonal antibodies are new standards of care. In this review we will evaluate the diagnosis and clinical management approach to metastatic or high risk melanoma patients, emphasizing immunology and molecular analysis to define therapy.
Intracranial Cystic Myofibroblastoma: a Case Report with Literature Review.

Background Myofibroblastoma is a rare benign soft tissue tumor comprised of contractile myiod cells mostly in mammary gland. Only 4 prior cases arising in the central nervous system have been reported in the literature. We present a case of myofibroblastoma with a cystic component. Case Description The patient is a 76-year-old man with a history of Parkinson disease. The tumor was found incidentally after a minor fall. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 6.7-cm well-circumscribed, partly cystic mass with a 2.4-cm calcified central nodule located at the left sylvian fissure. The frontal dural base showed avid enhancing after gadolinium injection. Gross total resection was achieved. The tumor was marked by dense collagenous tissue and bland spindled cells in pathology review. The spindled cells demonstrated positive staining with antibodies to CD34, estrogen receptor, and smooth muscle actin. A blush of immunoreactivity is observed in scattered cells with antibody to progesterone receptor. Patient recovered well postoperatively. Conclusions This is a rare condition of a benign soft tissue tumor of mammary gland presented primarily in the brain. The literature on myofibroblastomas arising in the central nervous system is reviewed.
The concentration of acacia in the serum, its rate of excretion, and its effect on the colloid osmotic pressure following intravenous injection in cases of cirrhosis of the liver

Abstract Administration of acacia to man under the conditions of these observations results in a short, temporary rise in the colloid osmotic pressure of the serum. The concentration of acacia in the serum remains high for a much longer period of time than does the colloid osmotic pressure. This discrepancy probably is the result of the rapid loss of osmotically active particles of acacia through the urine, or into the tissues or some other depot.
Model-Based Path Planning

Model-based path planning for autonomous vehicles may incorporate knowledge of the dynamics, the environment, the planning objective, and available resources. In this chapter, we first review the most commonly used dynamic models for autonomous ground , surface, underwater, and air vehicles. We then discuss five common approaches to path planning—optimal control , level set methods, coarse planning with path smoothing , motion primitives, and random sampling—along with a qualitative comparison. The chapter includes a brief interlude on optimal path planning for kinematic car models. The aim of this chapter is to provide a high-level introduction to the field and to suggest relevant topics for further reading.
The Relation between Childhood Parenting and Emerging Adults’ Experiences of Shame and Guilt

Emerging adulthood (EA) is a pivotal transition period that can be impeded by shame’s global and disabling self-evaluations or supported by guilt’s adaptive self-evaluations. However, little is known about the factors contributing to EAs’ shame and guilt—the present study therefore explores the relation between parenting behaviors and EA shame and guilt (n = 213). Correlations between shame, guilt, and parenting behaviors, and hierarchical regressions found a positive relation between guilt-proneness and positive parenting and between shame-proneness and negative parenting. Results support the view that guilt and shame are two distinct constructs—with adaptive forms of guilt being associated with positive parenting and maladaptive self-evaluations of shame being related to negative parenting behaviors even during the EA years (18–29). The present study suggests that it may be beneficial for therapists to have clients explore how childhood parenting experiences can continue to play a role in their self-evaluations during their emerging adulthood years. In addition, results of the present study support the need for future clinical efforts to develop parent skills training initiatives that encourage parents to understand the consequences of both positive and negative actions and their potential impact on child developmental outcomes. Future studies should also assess whether temperament mediates the relationship between self-conscious emotions and parenting behaviors or if parenting behaviors and temperament each account for unique variance in self-conscious emotions. Developing a more complete understanding of socialization and developmental factors will further facilitate psychologists’ efforts to reduce the harmful impact of shame by replacing it with adaptive guilt.
Nicolas Guillen y Su Legado

Nicolas Guillen es el poeta mas organico y, simultaneamente, el mas prolifico y multifacetico que ha producido la lirica afro-latinoamericana. Su impacto multicultural ha sido demostrado en la estetica negra, en la definicion de la cultura cubana, en la integracion de la musica a la poesia, y sobre todo en la poesia social comprometida.
Ozonation, biofiltration and the role of membrane surface charge and hydrophobicity in removal and destruction of algal toxins at basic pH values

Abstract This study was directed at the investigation of technologies for treatment of water containing algal toxins at basic pH values. Ozonation, biofiltration and membrane filtration were examined for the removal of algal toxins, specifically microcystin-LR (MC-LR). Results indicate that, as expected, ozonation completely destroyed MC-LR in water, while biofiltration using naturally-occurring bacteria did not show a significant reduction in MC-LR concentration after eight days of contact time. More compelling were the membrane filtration results, which showed that water-affinity interactions were not the only governing factor influencing the removal of MC-LR by membranes. It was found that charge interactions between membranes and MC-LR played an important role in the rejection. MC-LR was completely removed from the feed water only by hydrophobic neutrally and positively charged membranes. Furthermore, due to charge interactions, MC-LR reversibly adsorbed to neutral hydrophobic membranes, but it irreversibly adsorbed to positive hydrophobic membranes.
Winning Guinea-Bissau for Jesus: The Guinean Evangelical Minority, from the Origins to the Present

This article analyses the historical course of the Evangelical minority in Guinea-Bissau, its transformations, its recent expansion and its current engagement with the public sphere. First, I trace the trajectory of the Guinean Evangelical movement from the 1940s to the present, against the background of the process of decolonization and the post-Independence history of the country. Second, I examine the recent impact of Pentecostal and Charismatic forms of Christianity on local Evangelical churches, following the transnational circulation of believers and missionaries, on the one hand, and the arrival of new international churches, mostly from Brazil and other African countries, on the other. Third, I place the current flowering of Evangelical and Pentecostal denominations in the broader context of a general shift to universal religions throughout the country. Within this framework, I argue, this success can be read as expression of a widespread craving for modernity and mobility, both in rural and urban Guinea-Bissau.
Pyrolysis GC/MS Profiling of Chemical Markers for Microorganisms

Analytical pyrolysis is an attractive tool for the rapid lassification, identification, or structural characterization of icroorganisms. Pyrolysis-based analytical methods thermally fragment amples in the absence of oxygen to produce volatile components (pyrolyzates) hat can then be separated on-line by capillary GC with flame ionization etection (Py-GC-FID), separated by GC and detected by MS (Py-GC/MS), or etected directly by MS (Py-MS). The success of analytical pyrolysis for icrobial characterization is ultimately based on detecting chemical markers - compounds that are unique or prominent in a group of organisms and that an be used to identify those organisms (see Chapter 1). The mere presence f a particular substance In the pyrolysis product mixture from a icroorganism does not qualify it as a chemical marker; discriminating nformation that is relevant to taxonomic differences must be provided. This hapter describes an approach for the validation of pyrolysis products as hemical markers and their chemical identification. Instrumental aspects and ackground of analytical pyrolysis have been discussed in Chapter 2 as well s by other sources.1,2 Several reviews on analytical pyrolysis in microbial nalysis have also been published.3–5 The use of short capillary columns ombined with ion trap mass spectrometry for the rapid characterization of icrobes is described in Chapter 12.
Approximate Lagrangian Decomposition with a Modified Karmarkar Logarithmic Potential

A modified Karmarkar logarithmic potential is used in the framework of unrestricted Lagrangian decomposition to develop a fast approximation scheme for nonnegative convex block angular min-max resource sharing problems having K blocks and M block-separable coupling inequalities. For a given relative accuracy e [0,1], the proposed algorithm can be implemented to run in O (loge-1) scaling phases that provide progressively more accurate solutions. Each scaling phase requires approximate solutions of K independent problems on the original blocks, to comparable accuracy. It is shown that e-approximate solutions of this block angular problem and of its Lagrangian dual can be computed in a total of O (Me-2) coordination steps over all scaling phases, disregarding logarithmic factors. The method can be specialized to a variety of structured network models, including minimum-cost Kcommodity flows in M-arc capacitated digraphs. For the latter problem, the proposed algorithm runs in O (KM 2e-2) time, disregarding logarithmic factors.