cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of action of parathyroid hormone-induced proteoglycan synthesis in the growth plate chondrocyte

In the growth plate chondrocyte, parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates phosphoinositol 4,5 bisphosphate (PIP2) degradation, which results in the rapid production of inositol (1,4,5) triphosphate (IP3). IP3 induced the release of calcium from an intracellular store, which caused a rapid increase in the cytosolic ionized calcium concentration. Parathyroid hormone also induced a 30-50% increase in proteoglycan synthesis. Phorbol esters, which pharmacologically activate protein kinase C, resulted in a 70-80% increase in proteoglycan synthesis. Treatment of the chondrocytes with retinoic acid (0.2 microM) inhibited the parathyroid hormone and phorbol ester-induced increase in intracellular ionized calcium and the increase in proteoglycan synthesis. From this data we postulate that the stimulation of proteoglycan synthesis in growth plate chondrocytes by PTH is mediated by the breakdown of membrane phosphoinositides, which results in the production of IP3 and an increase in ionized intracellular calcium. It is suggested that the degradation of membrane phosphoinositides also results in production of diacylglycerol and, thereby, an activation of protein kinase C, which has a large stimulatory effect on proteoglycan synthesis. The increase in cytosolic calcium most likely acts synergetically with diacylglycerol to activate protein kinase C. Retinoic acid blocks the effect of PTH and phorbol ester-induced proteoglycan synthesis and may act through the inhibition of protein kinase C. The overall effect of PTH on the growth plate chondrocyte appears to be a stimulation of proteoglycan synthesis that is mediated by the degradation products of membrane phosphoinositides.
Ultrastructure of fibrosarcoma in a male breast

A case of fibrosarcoma in a male breast was studied with light and electron microscope. The study revealed a close morphologic similarity between the neoplastic cells and the fibroblasts. The neoplastic cells differ from normal fibroblasts in having increased number of cytoplasmic filaments and multiple nucleoli. These features were thought to be the result of neoplastic transformation. It is also thought that this neoplasm arose from the pectoral fascia.
Estimation of parameters in population models for Schizosaccharomyces pombe from chemostat data

The integro-differential growth model of Eakman, Fredriekson, and Tsuehiya has been employed to fit cell size distribution data for Schizosaccharomyces pombe grown in a chemostat under severe product inhibition by ethanol. The distributions were obtained with a Coulter aperture and an electronic system patterned after that of Harvey and Marr. Four parameters—mean cell division size, cell division size standard deviation, daughter cell size standard deviation, and a growth rate coefficient—were calculated for models where the cell growth rate was inversely proportional to size, constant, and proportional to size. A fourth model, one where sigmoidal growth behavior was simulated by two linear growth segments, was also investigated. Linear and sigmoidal models fit the distribution data best. While the mean cell division size remained relatively constant at all growth rates, standard deviation of division size distribution increased with increasing holding times. Standard deviation of the daughter size distribution remained small at all dilution rates. Unlike previous findings with other organisms, the average cell size of Schizosaccharomyces pobme increased at low growth rates.
Thermal resistance from irradiation defects in graphite

Abstract An atomistic level understanding of how varying types and numbers of irradiation induced defects affect thermal resistance in graphite is vital in designing accident tolerant fuels for next-generation nuclear reactors. To this end we performed equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations and computed the change to thermal conductivity due to a series of clustering and non-clustering point defects using the Green–Kubo method. In addition, we present a comprehensive discussion of several approaches to converge the integral of the heat current autocorrelation function. Our calculations show that more energetically favorable clustering defects exhibit fewer low frequency modes and increase the anisotropic nature of graphite selectively exerting a significant effect on thermal resistance along the c -axis.
Comparison of Characteristics of Private Product Producing Organizations and Public Service Organizations

This analysis explores whether propositions and empirical findings of contemporary theories of organizations directly apply to both private product producing organizations (PPOs) and public human service organizations (PSOs). Eight central characteristics are compared: organizational values and goals, incentives, organizational structure, raw materials, power-dependency relationships, technology, revenues and accountability, and environmental constraints. Major differences between PPOs and PSOs suggest that organization theories developed from findings about PPOs inadequately describe PSOs. Comparative research would demonstrate the need for new models of these organizational types. Since these types derive from contradictory assumptions and have differing characteristics, each should be sampled to the other's exclusion and generalizations made only to that type. The findings refute the popular assumption that all PSOs can privatize with equal success This is not a failure by PSOs to achieve PPOs' standards; rather the types pursue different values and accomplish different goals.
Predicting the ionization threshold for carriers in excited semiconductors

Abstract A simple set of formulas are presented which allow prediction of the fraction of ionized carriers in an electron–hole–exciton gas in a photoexcited semiconductor. These results are related to recent experiments with excitons in single and double quantum wells.
How accurately can parameters from exponential models be estimated? A Bayesian view

Estimating the amplitudes and decay rate constants of exponentially decaying signals is an important problem in NMR. Understanding how the uncertainty in the parameter estimates depends on the data acquisition parameters and on the “true” but unknown values of the exponential signal parameters is an important step in designing experiments and determining the amount and quality of the data that must be gathered to make good parameter estimates. In this article, Bayesian probability theory is applied to this problem. Explicit relationships between the data acquisition parameters and the “true” but unknown exponential signal parameters are derived for the cases of data containing one and two exponential signal components. Because uniform prior probabilities are purposely employed, the results are broadly applicable to experimental parameter estimation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 27A: 73–83, 2005
Nosema Disease of the Parasitoid Muscidifurax raptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae): Prevalence, Patterns of Transmission, Management, and Impact

Abstract The microsporidium Nosema muscidifuracis was found in 1.1 and 10.7% of wild Muscidifurax raptor collected on New York dairy farms in 1991 and 1992. Higher (84%) levels of infection were observed on farms where infected M. raptor from a commercial insectary were released. Adult M. raptor became infected (100%) after feeding on spore suspensions of N. muscidifuracis, whereas house fly (Musca domestica L.) adults and larvae did not. Adult M. raptor became infected (16-25%) after feeding on infected parasitoid immatures within host puparia. Transmission rates of N. muscidifuracis increased with increasing parasitoid crowding levels because of cannibalism by healthy parasitoid immatures on infected immatures in superparasitized hosts. Maternal transmission was 100% efficient but there was no paternal or venereal transmission. Disease was reduced 35-93% by immersing infected parasitoid eggs within fly puparia in a 47°C water bath for 30-60 min. Eliminating disease from an established laboratory colony of M. raptor resulted in a 10-fold increase in parasitoid fecundity.
Yellow papules on the wrists and ankles

From Te Fund Conf Corre H A 2-year-old previously healthy child presents with a 1-year history of asymptomatic yellow papules on his heels, wrists, and sacrum (Fig 1). His parents deny that he has taken any medications. His mother states that he eats a normal diet. Nobody else in the family has any similar cutaneous manifestations. A biopsy is performed and found to be consistent with a xanthoma. His cholesterol level is 812 mg/dL; both parents had cholesterol levels above 300 mg/dL.
Destruction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Ultrasound

Abstract Dilute ethanol-water solutions of a few polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, a dioxin, and neat chlorinated solvents were sonicated and then characterized by UV-visible absorption spectrophotometry and laser excited Shpol'skii spectrometry. The results indicate that all the compounds were destroyed on sonication leaving a carbonaceous residue.
Fabrication and Testing of a W-band Sheet Beam Klystron

SLAC has developed a 50 kW peak power, 2.5 kW average power, W-band, sheet beam klystron (WSBK). The magnetic circuit was modified to provide increased field at the start of the penultimate cavity to account for RF bunching and defocusing. The output section of the magnetic uses higher energy product magnets and eliminates the polepiece offsets used to provide focusing in the wide dimension of the beam.
Bone mineralization and metabolism of3H-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in thyroparathyroidectomized rats treated with parathyroid extract

Thyroparathyroidectomized rats fed a diet containing 1.2% calcium, 0.55% phosphorus maintain normal serum levels of these ions. Treatment of such rats with parathyroid extract (PTE; 20 U/100 g twice daily; 10 days) has no statistically significant effect on rates of bone formation, matrix apposition, or osteoid maturation. Significant decreases in osteoid width and mineralizing front width, as well as a 60% increase in the rate of initial mineralization were observed in the PTE-treated group. Conversion of3H-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to3H-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was 4-fold higher in the PTE-treated group than in the untreated animals. Increased formation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in response to treatment with PTE may play a major role in correcting the mineralizing defect resulting from thyroparathyroidectomy.
Aroma Impact Compounds in Three Citrus Oils: Cross‐matching Test and Correspondence Analysis Approach

Twenty-three odor chemicals from 3 Citrus essential oils (lemon, Valencia orange, and Citrus sudachi) were selected as the potent character-impact compounds on the basis of their limited odor unit values, and then every chemical was cross-matched by sensory test to the 3 oils to attribute each aroma character to 1 of the 3 Citrus oils. The matching-frequency data (ratio data) obtained was subjected to correspondence analysis and graphed on a diagram. Consequently, it was found that the aroma character of lemon oil was mainly represented by citral, with a high matching frequency of 0.89 (59 counts out of 66 trials, x2o= 93.36). The orange character consisted mostly of linalool and nonanal. α, β-Pinene, α-sinensal and myrcene were related to the aroma of C. sudachi oil. The application of the cross-matching test and correspondence analysis in the characterization of food aromas has never been reported in the literature to date, and the validity of these methods was successfully demonstrated by our study.
Isotopic and molecular fractionation in combustion; three routes to molecular marker validation, including direct molecular 'dating' (GC/AMS)

The identification of unique isotopic, elemental, and molecular markers for sources of combustion aerosol has growing practical importance because of the potential effects of fine particle aerosol on health, visibility and global climate. It is urgent, therefore, that substantial efforts be directed toward the validation of assumptions involving the use of such tracers for source apportionment. We describe here three independent routes toward carbonaceous aerosol molecular marker identification and validation: (I) tracer regression and multivariate statistical techniques applied to field measurements of mixed source, carbonaceous aerosols; (2) a new development in aerosol 14 C metrology: direct, pure compound accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) by off-line GC/AMS ('molecular dating'); and (3) direct observation of isotopic and molecular source emissions during controlled laboratory combustion of specific fuels. Findings from the combined studies include: independent support for benzo(ghi)perylene as a motor vehicle tracer from the first (statistical) and second (direct 'dating') studies; a new indication, from the third (controlled combustion) study, of a relation between 13 C isotopic fractionation and PAH molecular fractionation, also linked with fuel and stage of combustion; and quantitative data showing the influence of both fuel type and combustion conditions on the yields of such species as elemental carbon and PAH, reinforcing the importance of exercising caution when applying presumed conservative elemental or organic tracers to fossil or biomass burning field data as in the first study.
Negative Save Sign Extension for Multi-term Adders and Multipliers

This paper outlines a new sign extension technique for use in carry save adder trees that reduces the computational complexity. The "Negative Save" technique presented is a modification to the Baugh---Wooley sign extension technique developed for array multipliers. Applying this sign extension technique to both parallel adder and multiplier partial product structures reduces the hardware required. The speed of the resulting structures is also improved.
Tagging of a maize gene involved in kernel development by an activated Uq transposable element.

A quiescent Uq transposable element has been activated in a maize plant treated with 5-aza-2′-deoxycyti-dine. This activated Uq cosegregates with a heritable dominant miniature (Mn) kernel phenotype, indicating its physical association with a maize miniature locus (Mn:: Uq). The Mn:: Uq mutant is dominant in producing a miniature seed phenotype of variable size and in reducing seedling vigor in the early growth stage. Genetic experiments indicate that the Mn:: Uq mutant also affects the activity of the male gametophyte, whereby pollen germination is inhibited, thus lacking pollen tube growth resulting in the male nontransmissibility of this mutant. Proof for the Uq element in this mutant is derived by its ability to transactivate the standard a-ruq reporter allele to yield spotted aleurone tissue. However, the Mn:: Uq mutant does not transactivate a normally Uq-responsive c-ruq allele, suggesting a structural difference between the two ruq receptors at the A1 and C1 loci. It is anticipated that cloning of the Uq transposable element would facilitate the molecular cloning and characterization of the maize miniature gene.
The “Right Deviation” of Ana Pauker

Abstract This paper argues that the accusation of “Right Deviationism” levelled against Romanian Communist leader Ana Pauker in May 1952 was in fact based on truth, that Pauker openly opposed forcibly collectivizing a resistant peasantry and therefore scaled back collectivization efforts in late 1950 and 1951. Though Pauker was appointed Central Committee Secretary with responsibility over agriculture when collectivization was officially launched in March 1949, she was absent from the country when the Romanian Workers Party launched a campaign of forced collectivization in the summer of 1950, and took decisive steps to reverse such a policy upon resuming her duties at the end of that year—essentially halting further collectivization throughout 1951. In doing so Pauker appears to have been closely allied to CC Secretary and Finance Minister Vasile Luca, who promoted a pro-peasant policy resembling Bukharin's throughout the postwar period, and was apparently opposed by General Secretary Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej. It also appears that Pauker's line on collectivization in 1951 went against the wishes of the Soviet Union, which imposed collectivization on its satellites at that time.
Normal values for amniotic fluid index during uncomplicated twin pregnancy

Objective To establish the gestational age trends of amniotic fluid index (AFI) in uncomplicated twin pregnancies. Methods Amniotic fluid index was measured in uncomplicated twin pregnancies seen between 1985 and 1993 and meeting the following criteria: 1) no maternal medical or obstetric complications, 2) normal growth of both twins by serial ultrasound, and 3) normal amniotic fluid volume by ultrasound. Amniotic fluid index was measured by adding the deepest vertical pockets in four quadrants, defined by the umbilicus and linea nigra. The relation between gestational age and AFI was evaluated using linear regression analysis. Results Two hundred eighty-two sets of twins were considered uncomplicated; 1101 AFI measurements were performed on these pregnancies between 25.5 and 40.5 weeks' gestation. Percentile values for AFI were determined according to gestational age. The regression equation relating the median AFI to gestational age was: AFI = 19.4 − 0.12 x gestational age ( P = .03). The R 2 value was 0.04. Conclusion Gestational age trends in normative AFI measurements for twin pregnancies have been established. Their use will facilitate a more reproducible, quantitative diagnosis of oligohydramnios in twins, compared with subjective, qualitative approaches to amniotic fluid volume assessment.
Infrared Radiometric Technique For Rapid Quantitative Evaluation Of Heat Flux Distribution Over Large Areas

This paper describes a novel approach for rapid, quantitative measurement of spatially distributed heat flux incident on a plane. The technique utilizes the spatial temperature distribution on an opaque thin film at the location of interest, as measured by an imaging infrared radiometer. Knowledge of film radiative properties, plus quantitative estimates of convection cooling permit the steady state energy balance at any location on the film sheet to be solved for the incident heat flux. Absolute accuracies on the order of 10-15 percent have been obtained in tests performed in air. The method is particularly useful for evaluation of spatial heat flux uniformity from distributed heat sources over large areas. It has recently been used in several applications at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, including flux uniformity measurements from large distributed quartz lamp arrays used during thermal vacuum testing of several spacecraft components, and flux mapping of a low power NdYg laser beam.
Gray scale sonographic diagnosis: multiple congenital splenic cysts.

The diagnosis of benign splenic cysts was made preoperatively by gray scale ultrasound in a 29 year old female presenting with a left upper quadrant mass.
Organic Agriculture in Ohio: An Economic Perspective

Production agriculture is under pressure to become more environmentally sound and sustainable. The current intense use of farm chemicals is a major source of contention. There are several «technologies» that may allow farmers to produce with fewer chemical inputs. The economic incentive for a farmer to adopt one of these technologies is influenced by the relative costs of the various inputs, relative values of outputs, and the physical nature of input and/or output substitution. This paper evaluates farm-level profitability of organic farmers relative to «conventional» farms by statistical comparison of random samples of all Ohio farms and of Ohio certified organic producers. Results suggest that while Ohio certified organic farmers receive premium prices for commodities and have dramatically reduced expenditures for fertilizers and other chemical inputs, they also realize reduced yields and have smaller farm units [...]
The Energetic Costs of Fighting

SYNOPSIS. Current evolutionary theory predicts that energy expenditure will be adjusted in contest situations to the value of the disputed resource and the relative probability of winningit. Estimates of energy expended in contest situations support this prediction. I report on theenergetic costs of display relative to other contest costs to individual fitness ( e.g ., risk ofpredation, losses in feeding time, injury and mortality) in territorial disputes of the spider Agelenopsis aperta . Cost estimates obtained in terms of decrements to milligrams wet-weight of future egg production resulting from single contests indicatethat actual energy expenditure inthese territorial disputes represent insignificant costs. Thesecosts are, in fact, 5–6 orders of magnitude smaller than the costs associated with injury, potential predation and even loss infood as a result of time spent in the interactions. Review of the literature indicates that in most instances, energy expenditure may be correlated with some other factor upon which selection is acting ( e.g ., short contests wherepredation risk is high, variation in levels of escalation exhibited). Two exceptions include the tremendous losses of workers to reproductives in ant, termite, and bee colony territorial disputes and the production of specializedagonistic organsexhibited by some corals, sea anemones and corallimopharians when encountering neighbors within“territorial” boundaries.
Deterministic aperiodic arrays of metal nanoparticles for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)

Deterministic Aperiodic (DA) arrays of gold (Au) nanoparticles are proposed as a novel approach for the engineering of reproducible surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. A set of DA and periodic arrays of cylindrical and triangular Au nanoparticles with diameters ranging between 50-110 nm and inter-particle separations between 25-100 nm were fabricated by e-beam lithography on quartz substrates. Using a molecular monolayer of pMA (p-mercaptoaniline) as a Raman reporter, we show that higher values of SERS enhancement factors can be achieved in DA structures compared to their periodic counterparts, and discuss the specific scaling rules of DA arrays with different morphologies. Electromagnetic field calculations based on the semi-analytical generalized Mie theory (GMT) fully support our findings and demonstrate the importance of morphology-dependent diffractive coupling (long-range interactions) for the engineering of the SERS response of DA arrays. Finally, we discuss optimization strategies based on the control of particles sizes and shapes, and we demonstrate that spatially-averaged SERS enhancement factors of the order of approximately 10(7) can be reproducibly obtained using DA arrays of Au nano-triangles. The ability to rigorously design lithographically fabricated DA arrays of metal nanoparticles enables the optimization and control of highly localized plasmonic fields for a variety of chip-scale devices, such as more reproducible SERS substrates, label-free bio-sensors and non-linear elements for nano-plasmonics.
Surface quasi-geostrophic dynamics

The dynamics of quasi-geostrophic flow with uniform potential vorticity reduces to the evolution of buoyancy, or potential temperature, on horizontal boundaries. There is a formal resemblance to two-dimensional flow, with surface temperature playing the role of vorticity, but a different relationship between the flow and the advected scalar creates several distinctive features. A series of examples are described which highlight some of these features: the evolution of an elliptical vortex; the start-up vortex shed by flow over a mountain; the instability of temperature filaments; the ‘edge wave’ critical layer; and mixing in an overturning edge wave. Characteristics of the direct cascade of the tracer variance to small scales in homogeneous turbulence, as well as the inverse energy cascade, are also described. In addition to its geophysical relevance, the ubiquitous generation of secondary instabilities and the possibility of finite-time collapse make this system a potentially important, numerically tractable, testbed for turbulence theories.
Intimal redox stress: Accelerated atherosclerosis in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Atheroscleropathy

Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, prediabetes, and overt type 2 diabetes mellitus are associated with an accelerated atherosclerosis (atheroscleropathy). This quartet is also associated with multiple metabolic toxicities resulting in the production of reactive oxygen species. The redox stress associated with these reactive oxygen species contribute to the development, progression, and the final fate of the arterial vessel wall in prediabetic and diabetic atheroscleropathy. The prevention of morbidity and mortality of these intersecting metabolic diseases can be approached through comprehensive global risk reduction.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the mitochondrial transcription factor sc-mtTFB from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Eukaryotic mitochondria contain a distinct mini-chromosome. In yeast, transcription of the mitochondrial genome is mediated by a nuclear-encoded RNA polymerase consisting of a single polypeptide core enzyme and a specificity factor termed sc-mtTFB which bears some similarity to bacterial σ-factors. sc-mtTFB from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been cloned, expressed, purified and crystallized. The crystals belong to the monoclinic space group C2, with unit-cell parameters a = 89.7, b = 44.6, c = 98.9 A, β = 110°. Based on one molecule per asymmetric unit, the solvent content is estimated to be 48%. Small crystals of dimensions 0.01 × 0.05 × 0.13 mm diffract to at least 2.7 A resolution on a rotating-anode X-ray source.
A Novel Role for Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Exercise-Induced Improvements in Glucose Homeostasis

Exercise training improves whole-body glucose homeostasis through effects largely attributed to adaptations in skeletal muscle; however, training also affects other tissues, including adipose tissue. To determine whether exercise-induced adaptations to adipose tissue contribute to training-induced improvements in glucose homeostasis, subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) from exercise-trained or sedentary donor mice was transplanted into the visceral cavity of sedentary recipients. Remarkably, 9 days post-transplantation, mice receiving scWAT from exercise-trained mice had improved glucose tolerance and enhanced insulin sensitivity compared with mice transplanted with scWAT from sedentary or sham-treated mice. Mice transplanted with scWAT from exercise-trained mice had increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in tibialis anterior and soleus muscles and brown adipose tissue, suggesting that the transplanted scWAT exerted endocrine effects. Furthermore, the deleterious effects of high-fat feeding on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were completely reversed if high-fat–fed recipient mice were transplanted with scWAT from exercise-trained mice. In additional experiments, voluntary exercise training by wheel running for only 11 days resulted in profound changes in scWAT, including the increased expression of ∼1,550 genes involved in numerous cellular functions including metabolism. Exercise training causes adaptations to scWAT that elicit metabolic improvements in other tissues, demonstrating a previously unrecognized role for adipose tissue in the beneficial effects of exercise on systemic glucose homeostasis.
Cultural processes in science education: Supporting the navigation of multiple epistemologies

Although there has been considerable focus on the underrepresentation of minorities in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines and the need for science instruction that fosters diversity, much of the associated effort has focused on the goal of diversity and tended to assume that science and science learning are acultural. We describe a conceptual framework employed in our work with both urban and rural Native American communities that focuses on culturally based epistemological orientations and their relation to the cultural practices associated with science instruction. We summarize evidence on the efficacy of community-based science education to support the proposition for a shift in orientation toward science education from aiming to have students adopt specific epistemologies to supporting students' navigation of multiple epistemologies. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed94:1008–1026, 2010
C1 macroelements in adaptive finite element methods

Some interesting properties of composite basis functions for C1 macroelements are investigated, including their use for constructing conforming C1 function spaces on non-conforming adaptively refined meshes. Of particular interest is the classical cubic Hsieh–Clough–Tocher 3-split triangle because of its simplicity and convergence properties in fourth-order problems, as compared with the Powell–Sabin–Heindl 6-split and 12-split triangles. A posteriori error indicators for adaptive refinement are developed. Numerical experiments demonstrate convergence rates, and adaptive refinement performance based on a simplified error indicator is tested. Extensibility to analogous three-dimensional tetrahedral elements is briefly discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BRCA1-IRIS regulates cyclin D1 expression in breast cancer cells.

Abstract The regulator of cell cycle progression, cyclin D1, is up-regulated in breast cancer cells; its expression is, in part, dependent on ERα signaling. However, many ERα-negative tumors and tumor cell lines (e.g., SKBR3) also show over-expression of cyclin D1. This suggests that, in addition to ERα signaling, cyclin D1 expression is under the control of other signaling pathways; these pathways may even be over-expressed in the ERα-negative cells. We previously noticed that both ERα-positive and -negative cell lines over-express BRCA1-IRIS mRNA and protein. Furthermore, the level of over-expression of BRCA1-IRIS in ERα-negative cell lines even exceeded its over-expression level in ERα-positive cell lines. In this study, we show that: (1) BRCA1-IRIS forms complex with two of the nuclear receptor co-activators, namely, SRC1 and SRC3 (AIB1) in an ERα-independent manner. (2) BRCA1-IRIS alone, or in connection with co-activators, is recruited to the cyclin D1 promoter through its binding to c-Jun/AP1 complex; this binding activates the cyclin D1 expression. (3) Over-expression of BRCA1-IRIS in breast cells over-activates JNK/c-Jun; this leads to the induction of cyclin D1 expression and cellular proliferation. (4) BRCA1-IRIS activation of JNK/c-Jun/AP1 appears to account for this, because in cells that were depleted from BRCA1-IRIS, JNK remained inactive. However, depletion of SRC1 or SRC3 instead reduced c-Jun expression. Our data suggest that this novel signaling pathway links BRCA1-IRIS to cellular proliferation through c-Jun/AP1 nuclear pathway; finally, this culminates in the increased expression of the cyclin D1 gene.
Structure of Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C‐S‐H): Near‐, Mid‐, and Far‐Infrared Spectroscopy

The mid-, near-, and far-infrared (IR) spectra of synthetic, single-phase calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) with Ca/Si ratios (C/S) of 0.41–1.85, 1.4 nm tobermorite, 1.1 nm tobermorite, and jennite confirm the similarity of the structure of these phases and provide important new insight into their H2O and OH environments. The main mid-IR bands occur at 950–1100, 810–830, 660–670, and 440–450 cm−1, consistent with single silicate chain structures. For the C-S-H samples, the mid-IR bands change systematically with increasing C/S ratio, consistent with decreasing silicate polymerization and with an increasing content of jennite-like structural environments of C/S ratios >1.2. The 950–1100 cm−1 group of bands due to Si-O stretching shifts first to lower wave number due to decreasing polymerization and then to higher wave numbers, possibly reflecting an increase in jennite-like structural environments. Because IR spectroscopy is a local structural probe, the spatial distribution of the jennite-like domains cannot be determined from these data. A shoulder at ∼1200 cm−1 due to Si-O stretching vibrations in Q3 sites occurs only at C/S lessthan equal to 0.7. The 660–670 cm−1 band due to Si-O-Si bending broadens and decreases in intensity for samples with C/S > 0.88, consistent with depolymerization and decreased structural order. In the near-IR region, the combination band at 4567 cm−1 due to Si-OH stretching plus O-H stretching decreases in intensity and is absent at C/S greater than ∼1.2, indicating the absence of Si-OH linkages at C/S ratios greater than this. The primary Si-OH band at 3740 cm-1 decreases in a similar way. In the far-IR region, C-S-H samples with C/S ratio greater than ∼1.3 have increased absorption intensity at ∼300 cm−1, indicating the presence of CaOH environments, even though portlandite cannot be detected by X-ray diffraction for C/S ratios <1.5. These results, in combination with our previous NMR and Raman spectroscopic studies of the same samples, provide the basis for a more complete structural model for this type of C-S-H, which is described.
Two New Species of Aglyptinus Cockerell with Unusual Sexually Dimorphic Antennae and Diffraction Gratings (Coleoptera: Leiodidae)

Abstract Two Central American species of the genus Aglyptinus Cockerell, A. tumerus and A. phymaphorus, are described as new species. They are notable for unusual asymmetrical expansion of stem antennomeres and presence of conspicuous spectral iridescence on the elytra of males. Probable utility of this unusual sexual dimorphism is discussed.
Fortune, Risk, and Remittances: An Application of Option Theory to Participation in Village-Based Migration Networks'

Altruism, insurance, and investment are three potential motives for migrant remittances that have been explored in the literature. The model developed in this paper posits an additional motive - that remittances are necessary for the migrant to participate in the employment networks that are based in the village, and thus are partially a payment for the option to change jobs within this network. The model is tested with data on Mexican migrants to the United States and finds support in that network strength and diversity increase remittances, whereas the insurance motive predicts stronger networks will decrease remittances.
Counseling Considerations for the Twice-Exceptional Client

Counselors can be pivotal in helping families to understand the identification of twice-exceptionality and related implications, including developing successful interventions for the school years and beyond. There are many potential counseling concerns, including bullying and peer interactions, social and emotional development, career guidance, college transition planning, and functioning in adulthood. Learning how to work with twice-exceptional clients regarding these concerns needs to begin during training and progress throughout one's career. Recommendations for best practice are provided.
A Wartime Swimming Program for High Schools

(1943). A Wartime Swimming Program for High Schools. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 14, No. 10, pp. 521-559.
Early American Constitutional History: A Source Guide

This is a concise guide to source materials relevant to late 18th-century and early 19th-century constitutional history in the United States, often with accompanying reflections about using these sources in historical and legal scholarship. The guide aims to be useful to those who are just entering the field as well as to more established historians and lawyers who want to keep up with newly available sources. Further suggestions are welcome.
A sometimes funny book supposedly about infinity: a review of Everything and More

David Foster Wallace, the novelist and essayist best known for the novel Infinite Jest, wrote a ‘pop technical’ account of Cantor’s set theory entitled Everything and More: A Compact History of Infinity for the Great Discoveries series published by W. W. Norton. The present review, initially written for a mathematical readership, situates the Great Discoveries series in the American publishing landscape and compares this contribution to the series to some of Wallace’s other works. The conclusion is that Everything and More, although it begins with a promising discussion of the metaphysical implications of Cantor’s theory, is not up to Wallace’s usual standards. The review explores some of the reasons why this may be the case.
ENSO impacts on temperature over South Korea

The climatic impact of the two phases (warm/cold) of ENSO phenomena on monthly temperature patterns over South Korea is examined based on the composite and harmonic analysis. The core regions, namely the north-east region and the south-west region, were identified with a high-level spatial coherence and temporal consistency, which represent the geographical extent and magnitude of the response of the ENSO forcing to the temperature patterns. For the both regions, the temperature anomalies in El Nino year are below normal for summer through fall of the ENSO year and above normal for winter through spring of the following year. The spatial coherence rates of each region are 0.95, 0.97 and the temporal consistency rates are 0.70/0.70 (cold/warm) and 0.70/0.80 (cold/warm), respectively. On the other hand, in case of the cold events, the temperature anomalies for the both regions are above normal for summer through fall of the episode year and below normal for winter through spring of the following year. The spatial coherence rates of each region are 0.98, 0.99 and the temporal consistency rates are 1.00/0.78 (warm/cold) and 0.89/0.78 (warm/cold), respectively. According to the comparative analyses for both extreme episodes in two core regions, the El Nino/La Nina–temperature relationships show reverse patterns of sign, negative–positive and positive–negative temperature anomalies, respectively. Based on the results of annual cycle analysis, Mann–Whitney U test and cross-correlation analysis, the cold–warm anomalies during the warm event years are more remarkable and significant than the warm–cold departures during the cold event years. Consequently, the climatic teleconnective pattern between the extreme phase of SO and mid-latitude temperature is identified over South Korea.
Vulnerabilities Scanner System Based on Internet and Distributed Structure

Aimed at ever increasing network security problems, and incorporated with J2EE and CORBA technologies, an idea is put forward in designing vulnerabilities scanner system based on internet and distributed structure, system structure and working principle expounded, and designing idea and its function at every level introduced.
Magnetic ionic liquids in analytical chemistry: A review

Magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) have recently generated a cascade of innovative applications in numerous areas of analytical chemistry. By incorporating a paramagnetic component within the cation or anion, MILs exhibit a strong response toward external magnetic fields. Careful design of the MIL structure has yielded magnetoactive compounds with unique physicochemical properties including high magnetic moments, enhanced hydrophobicity, and the ability to solvate a broad range of molecules. The structural tunability and paramagnetic properties of MILs have enabled magnet-based technologies that can easily be added to the analytical method workflow, complement needed extraction requirements, or target specific analytes. This review highlights the application of MILs in analytical chemistry and examines the important structural features of MILs that largely influence their physicochemical and magnetic properties.
Biosynthesis and processing of a common precursor to adrenocorticotropin and β- LPH in mouse pituitary cells

High molecular weight forms of ACTH have been detected in extracts of pituitary glands and pituitary tumor cells by Yalow and Berson (1971), Orth et al. (1973), Scott and Lowry (1974) and Eipper and Mains (1975). Fractionation of extracts of mouse pituitary cells (AtT-20/D-16v cell line) by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has revealed the presence of four size classes of ACTH with apparent molecular weights of 31 000 (31K), 20–26 000 (20–26K), 12–15 000 (12–15K) and 4500 (4.5K) (Mains and Eipper, 1976). The 31K, 20–26K and 13–14K classes of ACTH are all glycosylated (Eipper et al., 1976; Roberts et al., 1978).
TNIP2 is a Hub Protein in the NF-κB Network with Both Protein and RNA Mediated Interactions

The NF-κB family of transcription factors is pivotal in controlling cellular responses to environmental stresses; abnormal nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling features in many autoimmune diseases and cancers. Several components of the NF-κB signaling pathway have been reported to interact with the protein TNIP2 (also known as ABIN2), and TNIP2 can both positively and negatively regulate NF-κB- dependent transcription of target genes. However, the function of TNIP2 remains elusive and the cellular machinery associating with TNIP2 has not been systematically defined. Here we first used a broad MudPIT/Halo Affinity Purification Mass Spectrometry (AP-MS) approach to map the network of proteins associated with the NF-κB transcription factors, and establish TNIP2 as an NF-κB network hub protein. We then combined AP-MS with biochemical approaches in a more focused study of truncated and mutated forms of TNIP2 to map protein associations with distinct regions of TNIP2. NF-κB interacted with the N-terminal region of TNIP2. A central region of TNIP2 interacted with the endosomal sorting complex ESCRT-I via its TSG101 subunit, a protein essential for HIV-1 budding, and a single point mutant in TNIP2 disrupted this interaction. The major gene ontology category for TNIP2 associated proteins was mRNA metabolism, and several of these associations, like KHDRBS1, were lost upon depletion of RNA. Given the major association of TNIP2 with mRNA metabolism proteins, we analyzed the RNA content of affinity purified TNIP2 using RNA-Seq. Surprisingly, a specific limited number of mRNAs was associated with TNIP2. These RNAs were enriched for transcription factor binding, transcription factor cofactor activity, and transcription regulator activity. They included mRNAs of genes in the Sin3A complex, the Mediator complex, JUN, HOXC6, and GATA2. Taken together, our findings suggest an expanded role for TNIP2, establishing a link between TNIP2, cellular transport machinery, and RNA transcript processing.
Tantra in Pynchon’s Against the Day

ABSTRACTPynchon’s Against the Day seems to be a historical novel describing the struggle between capitalism and anarchy in the Gilded Age. However, the antagonists, Scarsdale Vibe and Webb Traverse, perish without successors. The view from the dirigible, Inconvenience, symbolizes Buddhist detachment from the battle (maya), which is elaborated by allusions to Tantra. The Trespasser, Ryder Thorn, preaches a social gospel to condemn the Chums of Chance for their dreamy detachment (p. 551). But the end of the novel endorses the Chums and the Tantric promise of the Inconvenience that floats above a violent world.
Comparing optimal choices with multi-dimensional action spaces

Abstract This paper introduces ordinal conditions on payoff functions for models with multi-dimensional action spaces which guarantee that the optimal action in one direction is greater than the optimal action in another direction at an optimum. Examples are given to motivate these conditions.
Telling the Public About Risks

The Three Mile Island and Chernobyl reactor accidents are used along with several non-nuclear hazards and risks to illustrate that, indeed, communication is a two-way process. The interplay of bureaucratic structures and the U.S. legal system is one cause of the problem. Dispersion of responsibility when two or more agencies are involved is another problem. Even when a single agency is responsible, the available level citizen participation may be murky. Communications must be honest; credibility is strengthened by honesty and lost by lying. But between these two ends of the spectrum be persuasion, manipulation, and deceit. 3 refs.
DA Forum: De eso que llaman Anthropología Mexicana

De eso que llaman Antropologia Mexicana (of that known as Mexican Anthropology) first appeared in 1969 in Mexico at critical national and international conjunctures in an effort to both take the pulse of Mexican anthropology and move the discipline in new directions. As the text approaches its 50th anniversary, Dialectical Anthropology organized a forum, soliciting six critical evaluations of the book’s historical role.
Automated sequencing of swarm behaviors for supervisory control of robotic swarms

Robotic swarms are distributed systems that exhibit global behaviors arising from local interactions between individual robots. Each robot can be programmed with several local control laws that can be activated depending on an operator's choice of global swarm behavior. While some simple behaviors (e.g. rendezvous) with guaranteed performance on known objectives under strict assumptions have been studied in the literature, real missions occur in uncontrolled environments with dynamically arising objectives and require combinations of behaviors. Given a library of swarm behaviors, a supervisory operator commanding the swarm must choose a sequence of behaviors to execute in order to accomplish a particular task during a mission composed of many dynamically arising tasks. In this paper, we formalize the problem of finding an optimal behavior sequence to maximize swarm performance on a complex task. Given the swarm behavior library, a set of decision time points and a performance criterion, we present an informed search algorithm that computes the maximum performance behavior sequence. The algorithm is proven to be optimal and complete. A relevant modification is presented that generates bounded suboptimal solutions more quickly. We apply the algorithm to a swarm navigation application and a dynamic area coverage application, demonstrating the utility of our algorithm even in situations where the behaviors in the library have not been designed for the task at hand.
Fall Risk, Supports and Services, and Falls Following a Nursing Home Discharge.

Background and objectives Falls are a major source of morbidity and mortality among older adults; however, little is known regarding fall occurrence during a nursing home (NH) to community transition. This study sought to examine whether the presence of supports and services impacts the relationship between fall-related risk factors and fall occurrence post NH discharge. Research design and methods Participants in the Minnesota Return to Community Initiative who were assisted in achieving a community discharge (N = 1459) comprised the study sample. The main outcome was fall occurrence within 30 days of discharge. Factor analyses were used to estimate latent models from variables of interest. A structural equation model (SEM) was estimated to determine the relationship between the emerging latent variables and falls. Results Fifteen percent of participants fell within 30 days of NH discharge. Factor analysis of fall-related risk factors produced three latent variables: fall concerns/history; activities of daily living impairments; and use of high-risk medications. A supports/services latent variable also emerged that included caregiver support frequency, medication management assistance, durable medical equipment use, discharge location, and receipt of home health or skilled nursing services. In the SEM model, high-risk medications use and fall concerns/history had direct positive effects on falling. Receiving supports/services did not affect falling directly; however, it reduced the effect of high-risk medication use on falling (p Discussion and implications Within the context of a state-implemented transition program, findings highlight the importance of supports/services in mitigating against medication-related risk of falling post NH discharge.