cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography of Neopurcellia salmoni, a widespread mite harvestman from the South Island of New Zealand, with the first report of male polymorphism in the suborder Cyphophthalmi (Arachnida: Opiliones)

Neopurcellia salmoniForster, 1948 is a mite harvestman found throughout the forests of the west coast of New Zealand's South Island. This species range is unusually large for the notoriously dispersal-limited Cyphophthalmi, raising the possibility of multiple cryptic species within the lineage. In order to test this hypothesis, we used scanning electron microscopy to examine a large number of individuals from throughout its range, and discovered two distinct male morphotypes distinguished by the presence or absence of dorsal glandular pores. We performed phylogeographic and population genetic analyses using DNA sequence data from the fast-evolving mitochondrial locus cytochrome c oxidase I (COI). Tree topologies revealed two well-supported clades within NeopurcelliaForster, 1948 occupying non-overlapping geographical regions of the west coast. Molecular dating indicates that these lineages diverged from each other following the Oligocene “drowning” of New Zealand and diversified during the uplift of the Southern Alps. The strong correlation between the evolutionary relationships of lineages within Neopurcellia and the geographic distribution of its populations indicates isolation by distance, as expected with dispersal-limited organisms; population genetic analyses confirm strong isolation of populations. However, we discovered that the distribution of male morphotypes does not follow any geographic or phylogenetic pattern. While the presence of two different morphotypes initially suggested multiple Neopurcellia species, phylogeographic analysis allowed us to reject this hypothesis. We therefore report here the first known case of male polymorphism in the suborder Cyphophthalmi.
Serious Games Go Informal: A Museum-Centric Perspective on Intelligent Game-Based Learning

Intelligent game-based learning environments show considerable promise for creating effective and engaging learning experiences that are tailored to individuals. To date, much of the research on intelligent game-based learning environments has focused on formal education settings and training. However, intelligent game-based learning environments also offer significant potential for informal education settings, such as museums and science centers. In this paper, we describe Future Worlds, a prototype game-based learning environment for collaborative explorations of sustainability in science museums. We report findings from a study investigating the influence of individual differences on learning and engagement in Future Worlds. Results indicate that learners showed significant gains in sustainability knowledge as well as high levels of engagement. Boys were observed to actively engage with Future Worlds for significantly longer than girls, and young children engaged with the exhibit longer than older children. These findings support the promise of intelligent game-based learning environments that dynamically recognize and adapt to learners’ individual differences during museum learning.
The mechanism of action of 5'-adenylic acid-activated threonine dehydrase. IV. Characterization of kinetic effect of adenosine monophosphate.

Abstract The effect of AMP on the kinetic parameters, Vmax, Km, and Hill coefficient for l-threonine, as well as the effect of enzyme concentration on the Ka and Hill coefficient for AMP were determined for the biodegradative l-threonine dehydrase of Escherichia coli. These values were affected by the order of addition of assay components and the manner in which the enzyme was diluted. For instance, dilutions in the absence of AMP followed by assays with graded levels of AMP resulted in a degree of inactivation which was dependent upon the concentrations of AMP and enzyme; on the other hand, no inactivation occurred when the dehydrase was diluted and assayed in 5 mm AMP. A correction procedure is described which nullifies this spurious effect. The kinetic parameters determined following correction were Km for threonine = 70 mm without and 3.1 with 5 mm AMP; Vmax = 489 µmoles min-1 mg of protein-1 at 28° in the absence of AMP and 478 µmoles min-1 mg of protein-1 in the presence of 5 mm AMP. The Hill coefficients for l-threonine were 1.2 to 1.6 without and 1.0 with 5 mm AMP. The Ka value and Hill coefficient for AMP was dependent on dehydrase concentration.
EVALUATION OF SYNERGISM AMONG BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS TOXINS

A simple test for synergism among toxins is described and applied to previously reported data on independent and joint toxicities of insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis. The analysis shows synergism between a 27-kDa (CytA) toxin and 130- or 65-kDa (CryIV) toxins from B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis against Aedes aegypti larvae. No positive synergism between 130- and 65-kDa toxins or among three CryIA toxins tested against seven species of Lepidoptera occurred. Comparisons with the original interpretations of these data show one case in which synergism occurred but was reported previously as absent and two cases that were not synergistic but were reported previously as suggestive of synergism. These results show that lack of an appropriate test for synergism can produce misleading conclusions. The methods described here can be used to test for synergistic effects of any poisons.
Shear Stress Measurements

Wall shear stress or skin friction causes a significant amount of drag in an aerodynamic system. As a result, measurements are extremely important for efficient and effective aerodynamic design as well as fundamental understanding of the underlying flow physics. This measurement is also important for a wide variety of applications ranging from feedback flow control to drag reduction to wind tunnel design and characterization. It may also be a useful technique for non-intrusive flow rate measurement. An instrument grade, time accurate sensor with sufficient spatial resolution is required for quantitative time resolved wall shear stress measurement. This chapter gives an overview of relevant measurement scales that depend on the nature of the flow, existing measurement techniques with their strengths and limitations, and a methodology to characterize shear stress sensors, ultimately leading to a fully characterized shear stress measurement tool. Keywords: wall shear stress; skin friction; turbulence; boundary layers; drag; flow control; flow sensors; surface measurements
Accuracy of intraoperative imprint cytology for sentinel lymph node evaluation in the treatment of breast carcinoma

BACKGROUND The current report provides results from a large retrospective analysis of intraoperative imprint cytology performed on axillary sentinel lymph nodes (IICN) removed over the course of 2137 breast surgeries (4905 lymph nodes). It is hoped that these results may serve as benchmarks for those interested in using this technique. METHODS The current study included 2078 patients with T1–2 invasive breast carcinoma who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and IICN. Lymph nodes were bivalved, imprinted, stained with Diff-Quik (Baxter Diagnostics, McGaw Park, IL), and reviewed by a cytopathologist. A positive intraoperative diagnosis led to immediate complete axillary lymph node dissection (CALND). On final pathology, lymph nodes found to be negative on hematoxylin and eosin staining were submitted for cytokeratin staining. RESULTS Of the 2137 cases for which SLNB was performed, 673 were found to have positive lymph node status on final pathology. Of these 673 cases, 359 were identified by IICN, resulting in a sensitivity rate of 53.3%. The specificity and overall accuracy rates for this technique were 99.5% and 85.0%, respectively. In IDC cases, IICN had a sensitivity rate of 55.5%, compared with 38.7% in ILC cases. Based on these results, the reoperative CALND rate was calculated to be approximately 14.7%, with 54.5% of these reoperative procedures being performed for cases in which lymph nodes positive only for micrometastases were found. Macrometastasis-positive lymph nodes that went undetected by IICN were present in only 154 of the 2137 cases examined (7.2%). CONCLUSIONS IICN accurately predicts final lymph node status in 85.0% of patients. Although the accuracy of this technique varies with tumor size and type, IICN remains a time-efficient and cost-effective adjunct to SLNB. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2005. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
A Resolution in Service: SFX Usage Logs as a Basis for Link Resolver Menu Redesign

In this study, three years of SFX usage logs at Texas A&M University were analyzed to determine how patrons use link resolver services. The study contrasts the actions taken by users when full text is and is not available and compares public versus staff usage. The results confirmed users’ preference for full-text services but also provided insights into actions taken when full text was not an option. Changes in patterns of usage over a multiyear period are shown. The data was used to redesign the SFX services menu for a more streamlined offering of services, emphasizing those that users would actually choose to use.
Problems and prospects for the social support-reactivity hypothesis.

Social support and integration have been linked to health and longevity in many correlational studies. To explain how social relationship might enhance health, investigators are examining the effects of social support on physiological processes implicated in disease. Much of this research focuses on testing the social support-reactivity hypothesis, which maintains that social support enhances health by reducing psychobiologic reactivity to stressors. This article identifies the basic assumptions, problems, and prospects of this research endeavor. The major problems discussed include: (a) inconsistent findings across studies; (b) unidentified cognitive and emotional mediators; (c) individual differences in response to social support: and (d) a lack of experimental studies on the role of social support in adjustment to chronic stress. Besides raising consciousness about these problems, I offer ideas for advancing research in this area.
Protein kinase C regulation of GABAA receptors

Pharmacological studies with drugs that activate or inhibit several protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes have identified the PKC family of serine-threonine kinases as important in the regulation of γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor function. PKC modulates GABAA receptor surface density, chloride conductance and receptor sensitivity to positive allosteric modulators such as neurosteroids, ethanol, benzodiazepines and barbiturates. Recent studies using PKC isozyme-selective reagents and gene-targeted mice have begun to identify critical roles for three isozymes, PKCβII, PKCɛ and PKCγ, in various aspects of GABAA receptor regulation. Progress in this field touches upon therapeutic areas that are of great clinical importance such as anxiety and addiction. Increased understanding of how PKC regulates GABAA receptors and which PKC isozymes are involved holds promise for development of new treatments for diverse neuropsychiatric disorders.
Meal replacements in the treatment of adolescent obesity: a randomized controlled trial.

Use of meal replacements (MRs) in lifestyle modification programs (LMPs) for obese adults significantly increases weight loss, compared with prescription of an isocaloric conventional diet (CD). This 12-month randomized trial examined 113 obese adolescents (mean ± s.d. age of 15.0 ± 1.3 years and BMI of 37.1 ± 5.1 kg/m2) who were assigned to a LMP, combined with meal plans of 1,300–1,500 kcal/day of CD (self-selected foods) or MR (three SlimFast shakes, one prepackaged meal, five vegetable/fruit servings). After month 4 (phase 1), participants originally treated with MR were unmasked to their phase 2 (months 5–12) random assignment: continued use of MR (i.e., MR+MR) or transitioned to CD (i.e., MR+CD). Participants initially treated with CD in phase 1, continued with CD (i.e., CD). All three groups were treated for an additional 8 months (phase 2). Regression models were used to evaluate percentage change in BMI from baseline to month 4 (phase 1), months 5–12 (phase 2), and baseline to month 12. At month 4, participants assigned to MR (N = 65) achieved a mean (±s.e.) 6.3 ± 0.6% reduction in BMI, compared to a significantly (P = 0.01) smaller 3.8 ± 0.8% for CD participants (N = 37). In phase 2, BMI increased significantly (P < 0.001) in all three conditions, resulting in no significant (P = 0.39) differences between groups in percentage change in BMI at month 12. Across groups, mean reduction in BMI from baseline to month 12 was 3.4 ± 0.7% (P < 0.01). Use of MR significantly improved short-term weight loss, compared with CD, but its continued use did not improve maintenance of lost weight.
Aquatic hyphomycetes of Wisconsin: Distribution and ecology

1. Eighteen species in fourteen genera of aquatic hyphomycetes were found in a survey of Wisconsin streams and lakes. No clear pattern of geographic distribution was evident but several species were more frequently encountered in northern areas. 2. Moderate to swift currents were found to support the most abundant growth and greatest variety of species. Type of bottom and relative water temperature showed no detectable effect. 3. Most of the commonly-occurring species were indifferent to the oxygen regime. Nitrogen levels did not appear to affect the abundance of these fungi and no pH preference was discernible throughout the relatively narrow range that was recorded. 4. Carbon dioxide level and abundance of aquatic hyphomycetes varied inversely. Total hardness and total alkalinity appeared to have a limiting effect at concentrations in excess of 250 ppm.
Aminoglycoside cross-resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis due to mutations in the 5' untranslated region of whiB7.

ABSTRACT Since the discovery of streptomycin9s bactericidal activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, aminoglycosides have been utilized to treat tuberculosis (TB). Today, the aminoglycosides kanamycin and amikacin are used to treat multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB, and resistance to any of the second-line injectable antibiotics, including kanamycin, amikacin, or capreomycin, is a defining characteristic of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB. Resistance to kanamycin and streptomycin is thought to be due to the acquisition of unlinked chromosomal mutations. However, we identified eight independent mutations in the 5′ untranslated region of the transcriptional activator whiB7 that confer low-level resistance to both aminoglycosides. The mutations lead to 23- to 145-fold increases in whiB7 transcripts and subsequent increased expression of both eis ( Rv2416c ) and tap ( Rv1258c ). Increased expression of eis confers kanamycin resistance in these mutants, while increased expression of tap , which encodes an efflux pump, is a previously uncharacterized mechanism of low-level streptomycin resistance. Additionally, high-level resistance to streptomycin arose at a much higher frequency in whiB7 mutants than in a wild-type (WT) strain. Although whiB7 is typically associated with intrinsic antibiotic resistance in M. tuberculosis, these data suggest that mutations in an uncharacterized regulatory region of whiB7 contribute to cross-resistance against clinically used second-line antibiotics. As drug resistance continues to develop and spread, understanding the mechanisms and molecular basis of antibiotic resistance is critical for the development of rapid molecular tests to diagnose drug-resistant TB strains and ultimately for designing regimens to treat drug-resistant cases of TB.
Grassland Fire and Cattle Grazing Regulate Reptile and Amphibian Assembly Among Patches

Fire and grazing are common management schemes of grasslands globally and are potential drivers of reptilian and amphibian (herpetofauna) metacommunity dynamics. Few studies have assessed the impacts of fire and cattle grazing on herpetofauna assemblages in grasslands. A patch-burn grazing study at Osage Prairie, MO, USA in 2011–2012 created landscape patches with treatments of grazing, fire, and such legacies. Response variables were measured before and after the application of treatments, and I used robust-design occupancy modeling to estimate patch occupancy and detection rate within patches, and recolonization and extinction (i.e., dispersal) across patches. I conducted redundancy analysis and a permuted multivariate analysis of variance to determine if patch type and the associated environmental factors explained herpetofauna assemblage. Estimates for reptiles indicate that occupancy was seasonally constant in Control patches (ψ ~ 0.5), but declined to ψ ~ 0.15 in patches following the applications of fire and grazing. Local extinctions for reptiles were higher in patches with fire or light grazing (e ~ 0.7) compared to the controls. For the riparian herpetofaunal community, patch type and grass height were important predictors of abundance; further, the turtles, lizards, snakes, and adult amphibians used different patch types. The aquatic amphibian community was predicted by watershed and in-stream characteristics, irrespective of fire or grazing. The varying responses from taxonomic groups demonstrate habitat partitioning across multiple patch types undergoing fire, cattle grazing, and legacy effects. Prairies will need an array of patch types to accommodate multiple herpetofauna species.
Sampling in Developmental Science: Situations, Shortcomings, Solutions, and Standards

Sampling is a key feature of every study in developmental science. Although sampling has far-reaching implications, too little attention is paid to sampling. Here, we describe, discuss, and evaluate four prominent sampling strategies in developmental science: population-based probability sampling, convenience sampling, quota sampling, and homogeneous sampling. We then judge these sampling strategies by five criteria: whether they yield representative and generalizable estimates of a study’s target population, whether they yield representative and generalizable estimates of subsamples within a study’s target population, the recruitment efforts and costs they entail, whether they yield sufficient power to detect subsample differences, and whether they introduce “noise” related to variation in subsamples and whether that “noise” can be accounted for statistically. We use sample composition of gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status to illustrate and assess the four sampling strategies. Finally, we tally the use of the four sampling strategies in five prominent developmental science journals and make recommendations about best practices for sample selection and reporting.
Suppression of T and B Lymphocyte Activation by a Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Virulence Factor, Yoph

The acquired immune responses are crucial to the survival of Yersinia-infected animals. Mice lacking T cells are sensitive to Yersinia infection, and a humoral response to Yersinia can be protective. Diverse mechanisms for Yersinia to impair and evade the host innate immune defense have been suggested, but the effects of Yersinia on lymphocytes are not known. Here, we demonstrate that after a transient exposure to Y. pseudotuberculosis, T and B cells are impaired in their ability to be activated through their antigen receptors. T cells are inhibited in their ability to produce cytokines, and B cells are unable to upregulate surface expression of the costimulatory molecule, B7.2, in response to antigenic stimulation. The block of lymphocyte activation results from the inhibition of early phosphorylation events of the antigen receptor signaling complex. Through the use of Y. pseudotuberculosis mutants, we show that the inhibitory effect in both T cells and B cells is dependent on the production of Yersinia outermembrane protein (Yop) H, a tyrosine phosphatase. Our results suggest a mechanism by which the pathogenic bacteria may modulate a wide range of T and B cell–mediated immune responses.
Visualizing the Dynamics of DNA Polymerase Exchange Through Simultaneous Single-Molecule Measurements of Replisome Composition and Function

A complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the functioning of large, multiprotein complexes requires experimental tools capable of simultaneously visualizing molecular architecture and enzymatic activity in real time. We developed a novel single-molecule assay that combines the flow-stretching of individual DNA molecules to measure the activity of the DNA-replication machinery with the visualization of fluorescently labeled DNA polymerases at the replication fork. By correlating polymerase stoichiometry with DNA synthesis of T7 bacteriophage replisomes, we are able to quantitatively describe the mechanism of polymerase exchange. We find that even at relatively modest polymerase concentration (∼2 nM), soluble polymerases are recruited to an actively synthesizing replisome, dramatically increasing local polymerase concentration. These excess polymerases remain passively associated with the replisome through electrostatic interactions with the T7 helicase for ∼50 seconds until a stochastic and transient dissociation of the synthesizing polymerase from the primer-template allows for a polymerase exchange event to occur.
Comment on the magnetic properties of the system Sr2−xCaxFeMoO6, 0≤x≤2

Abstract The structural and magnetic properties of the n-type-metallic double-perovskite system Sr 2− x Ca x FeMoO 6 are reported. At 5 K, the saturation magnetization remains M s (5 K)=3.5 μ B /formula unit compared to a theoretical spin-only moment of 4.0 μ B /formula unit for a perfectly ordered compound. From the shape of the M–H hysteresis loops below T c , it is suggested that ferromagnetic long-range ordered domains are coupled antiferromagnetically across antiphase boundaries; random disorder within domains may be small. An unprecedented dependence of the paramagnetic susceptibility on the applied magnetic field is reported and attributed to an overlapping Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ and Mo 6+ /Mo 5+ redox couple, first suggested by Sleight and Weiher [Sleight AW, Weiher JF. J. Phys Chem Solids 1972; 33: 679.], which results in localized S =5/2 spins on the iron atoms coexisting with itinerant minority-spin electrons in a narrow π* band.
Evaluation of iron catalysts for the Fenton-like remediation of diesel-contaminated soils

Abstract The treatment of a diesel-contaminated soil with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by six iron compounds and by naturally-occurring minerals in which the hydrogen peroxide is stabilized by phosphate was investigated using central composite rotatable experimental designs. Iron (III) perchlorate and iron (III) nitrate with 1.5 M hydrogen peroxide promoted > 99% oxidation of 1000 mg kg−1 diesel in a Palouse loess soil. Other iron catalysts (iron (III) sulfate, iron (II) sulfate, iron (II) perchlorate) provided 70–80% diesel oxidation under similar reaction conditions. The oxidation reactions were complete within one hour and minimal desorption occurred over 90 h, suggesting that the diesel was oxidized, at least in part, in the sorbed phase. Iron (II) compounds were less effective catalysts than iron (III) species owing to the initial loss of hydrogen peroxide in oxidizing iron (II) to iron (III). The effectiveness of the iron catalysts also correlated with the lowest rates at which their anionic component quenches hydroxyl radicals. Monobasic potassium phosphate was also investigated as a mechanism to enhance the mineral-catalyzed Fenton-like remediation of diesel in the Palouse loess, but resulted in only 40% diesel loss. A central composite design used to investigate the effect of hydrogen peroxide volume on the Fenton-like remediation of the diesel-contaminated Palouse loess showed that a solution sufficient to saturate the soil (3.5 ml (5 g soil)−1) provided the optimum volume. Based on these optimization results, the estimated chemical cost for the remediation of 1000 mg kg−1 diesel in the Palouse loess was $52 (907 kg)−1 (ton).
The eyes have it: A brief history of crustacean neuroendocrinology.

To help celebrate the 50th anniversary of General and Comparative Endocrinology, the history of only a small portion of crustacean endocrinology is presented here. The field of crustacean endocrinology dates back to the decades prior to the establishment of General and Comparative Endocrinology and the first article about crustacean endocrinology published in this journal [77] was concerned with the anatomy of neurosecretory and neurohemal structures in brachyuran crabs. This review looks at the history of neuroendocrinology in crustaceans during that time and tries to put perspective on the future of this field.
Premise order in Aristotle's syllogistic

The practice of writing the major premise before the minor premise is no doubt traceable to Aristotle himself; nevertheless, it is for Aristotle just a general tendency, not yet a rigid convention, and there are numerous syllogisms in which the minor premise is stated first. After noticing that many of these seemed to be in the third figure, I examnined each of the syllogisms in the Prior Analytics in order to discover whether any particular pattern could be seen in the premise order of the three figures. I shall present my principal findings, and then attempt to explain them. The Prior Analytics treats four hundred seventy-one syllogisms fully and clearly enough that we can determine both the figure and the premise order. In the first and second figures Aristotle's pronounced tendency is to put the major before the minor, and most of the relatively few exceptions to this practice can be explained on stylistic or contextual grounds.' Thus, of the two hundred forty-six first figure syllogisms, only forty-three have the minor given first, and thirty-five of these forty-three exceptions are quite understandable on contextual and stylistic grounds. And of the one hundred twenty-four second figure syllogisms, twenty-four have the minor premise first, and all but one (at 45a40-45bl) of these twenty-four exceptions are easily explainable on stylistic or contextual grounds. The second figure preference for the major thus seems to be of approximately the same strength as that in the first figure: the exceptions in the second figure are more frequent 19.4% as opposed to 17.5% but they are also more frequently explainable 95.8% as opposed to 81.4%. But in
The management of infections involving the cervicothoracic junction

The management of osteomyelitis or an epidural abscess involving the cervicothoracic junction (CTJ) is complicated by the region’s anatomy and biomechanics. The CTJ is poorly visualized by routine cervical and thoracic spine X-rays, making the diagnosis of an infection with plain radiography difficult. Access to the vertebral bodies of the CTJ for decompression and fixation is hampered by the surrounding anatomical structures and the configuration of the spine at this level. In addition, the transition from cervical lordosis to thoracic kyphosis can impart significant shear forces at this level, which can predispose to failure of fixation devices not specifically designed for use in this region. This review will discuss the unique anatomy, biomechanics, methods of treatment, and potential pitfalls encountered in the management of infections involving the CTJ.
Band reporting rates of waterfowl: does individual heterogeneity bias estimated survival rates?

In capture-recapture studies, the estimation accuracy of demographic parameters is essential to the efficacy of management of hunted animal populations. Dead recovery models based upon the reporting of rings or bands are often used for estimating survival of waterfowl and other harvested species. However, distance from the ringing site or condition of the bird may introduce substantial individual heterogeneity in the conditional band reporting rates (r), which could cause bias in estimated survival rates (S) or suggest nonexistent individual heterogeneity in S. To explore these hypotheses, we ran two sets of simulations (n = 1000) in MARK using Seber's dead recovery model, allowing time variation on both S and r. This included a series of heterogeneity models, allowing substantial variation on logit(r), and control models with no heterogeneity. We conducted simulations using two different values of S: S = 0.60, which would be typical of dabbling ducks such as mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), and S = 0.80, which would be more typical of sea ducks or geese. We chose a mean reporting rate on the logit scale of -1.9459 with SD = 1.5 for the heterogeneity models (producing a back-transformed mean of 0.196 with SD = 0.196, median = 0.125) and a constant reporting rate for the control models of 0.196. Within these sets of simulations, estimation models where σS = 0 and σS > 0 (σS is SD of individual survival rates on the logit scale) were incorporated to investigate whether real heterogeneity in r would induce apparent individual heterogeneity in S. Models where σS = 0 were selected approximately 91% of the time over models where σS > 0. Simulation results showed 0 when true S = 0.8, where relative bias was a modest 0.5%. These results indicate that considerable variation in reporting rates does not cause major bias in estimated survival rates of waterfowl, further highlighting the robust nature of dead recovery models that are being used for the management of harvested species.
Identity and Technology: Organizational Control of Knowledge-Intensive Work

Much has been written about the functioning of managerial ideologies in identity-based organizational control. However, less attention has been given to the role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and identity defined by a technological discourse in regulating knowledge-intensive work. The purpose of this research is to examine the roles of identity and ICTs in the control of knowledge-intensive work. A case study of a technology service organization reveals that the construction and consumption of a technologist identity operate as organizational control, and that ICTs enable the functioning of a dialectic of technological control. This study also demonstrates the paradoxical nature of work knowledge that both empowers and controls knowledge-workers.
On countable simple unidimensional theories

We prove that any countable simple unidimensional theory T is supersimple, under the additional assumptions that T eliminates hyperimaginaries and that the D -ranks are nite and denable.
Scalable Millimeter Wave Wireless Power Receiver Technology for Space Applications

Technologies enabling the development of compact systems for wireless transfer of power through radio frequency waves (RF) continue to be important for future space-based systems. A typical wireless power receiver (WPR) consists of an antenna array and an RF to DC power conversion network. The physical size of a WPR is inversely proportional to its frequency of operation and directly depends on its power delivery capacity. The smaller form factor of the higher frequency WPRs makes them more attractive for space systems. However, they have to deal with: 1) Availability of high frequency power conversion components; and 2) Overall efficiencies in antenna arrays and power conversion networks. In this paper we present a new, compact, scalable, and low-cost slot antenna array technology for efficient receipt and conversion of power using RF waves at 94 GHz. Simulation of the performance of an individual slot suggests that the antenna can capture 93% of the RF energy. In an array form, this efficiency is also a function of the packing density of the slots and the ratio of energy stored in the antenna side lobes. Antenna simulation results suggest that the energy of the side lobes of each slot is more than 20 dB lower than that of the main lobe. As a result, slots can be placed very close to each other. A very small network located adjacent to each individual slot differentially converts the RF to DC power. This network consists of a coupling electrode, bypass capacitors, a matching transmission line, a rectifier, a low pass filter, and a DC storage capacitor. Details of the network and its fabrication over the slot array using additional layers of SiO2 and Au are described. Simulation results are also presented, which suggest that this technology is capable of realizing overall conversion efficiencies greater than 72%.
The effectiveness of vasopressin as an ACTH secretagogue in cattle differs with temperament.

Abstract By using the temperament selection criterion of exit velocity (EV), cattle typically exhibiting hypercortisolism and a blunted response to exogenous corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) can be identified via individual behavioral responses to handling. To further characterize hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction associated with bovine temperament, the present study compared pituitary and adrenal activity, following stimulation with exogenous vasopressin (VP), in steers with an excitable or calm temperament. Serial blood samples were collected via indwelling jugular cannula for 6 h preceding and 6 h following administration of a VP bolus. Plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol were quantified by RIA to determine pituitary and adrenal responsiveness within temperament groups. Cortisol concentrations in excitable steers during the pre-challenge period revealed an increased initial adrenal reactivity to interactions with humans. Subsequent acclimation to the experimental surroundings yielded greater baseline cortisol concentrations in the cattle with an excitable temperament. Pituitary stimulation with VP resulted in a greater ACTH output from the excitable compared to the calm animals. The data presented herein provide additional evidence that HPA axis function in cattle of an excitable temperament may be akin to a state of chronic stress. The bovine temperament model may be of further use to both decipher mechanisms associated with HPA dysfunction and to elucidate physiological phenotypes or pathologies that have parallels in other species.
THE OPPORTUNITY OF ANATOMY.

This is the text of Sabin's Presidential address given to the American Association of Anatomists in 1925, in which she explored the relationship between anatomy instruction (specifically, histology) and medical research, and how best to catch students' interest so that they will pursue medical research.
Comparison of accredited and non-accredited family child care programs on program quality, provider professionalism, and family support

Observations of program quality, using the Family Day Care Assessment Profile (Profile), and questionnaire information on job professionalism, spousal support and family functioning were obtained from 39 registered Georgia family child care providers, 12 of whom were accredited by the National Association of Family Child Care. As expected, accredited providers had significantly higher total Profile scores, scoring 90% or better across subscales, while the non-accredited providers’ subscale mean scores were lower and quite variable. Also as predicted, the accredited group scored higher on professionalism variables such as education, hours of training, future job commitment, and number of professional affiliations, but not on experience, current job commitment, or job satisfaction. Further, the two groups did not differ on a measure of spousal support or two measures of family functioning.
On Inconsistency of the Jackknife-after-Bootstrap Bias Estimator for Dependent Data

B. Efron introducedjackknife-after-bootstrapas a computationally efficient method for estimating standard errors of bootstrap estimators. In a recent paper consistency of the jackknife-after-bootstrap variance estimators has been established for different bootstrap quantities for independent and dependent data. In this paper, it is shown that in the dependent case, the standard jackknife-after-bootstrap estimator for the bias of block bootstrap quantities is inconsistent for almost any sensible choice of the blocking parameters. Some alternative bias estimators are proposed and shown to be consistent.
The Study of Propeller Cavitation Noise Using Cross-Correlation Methods,

Abstract : This paper presents a technique for the study of the mechanisms responsible for the generation of noise from cavitating propellers. The experimental method, which involves the cross-correlation of the pressure gradient in the near-field of the propeller with far-field sound, allows the determination of the spatial distributuion of acoustic source strength on and near the cavitating propeller. Cross-Correlations performed at a number of points along a track parallel to the axis of the propeller indicate that the majority of noise from propellers producing vortex cavitation originates from the region of vortex collapse. A bubble cavitation propeller showed a region of relatively constant source strength distribution from the propeller disk region downstream to the point of vortex collapse. All propellers tested showed a slow decay of acoustic source strength with downstream distance after vortex collapse. This result may be indicative of significant amounts of sound being produced by bubble rebounds in the propeller wake.
Looking at mycology with a Janus face: a glimpse at chytridiomycetes active in the environment

(1993). Looking at Mycology with a Janus Face: A Glimpse at Chytridiomycetes Active in the Environment. Mycologia: Vol. 85, No. 1, pp. 1-20.
Multimodal Deformable Registration of Traumatic Brain Injury MR Volumes via the Bhattacharyya Distance

An important problem of neuroimaging data analysis for traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the task of coregistering MR volumes acquired using distinct sequences in the presence of widely variable pixel movements which are due to the presence and evolution of pathology. We are motivated by this problem to design a numerically stable registration algorithm which handles large deformations. To this end, we propose a new measure of probability distributions based on the Bhattacharyya distance, which is more stable than the widely used mutual information due to better behavior of the square root function than the logarithm at zero. Robustness is illustrated on two TBI patient datasets, each containing 12 MR modalities. We implement our method on graphics processing units (GPU) so as to meet the clinical requirement of time-efficient processing of TBI data. We find that 6 sare required to register a pair of volumes with matrix sizes of 256 × 256 × 60 on the GPU. In addition to exceptional time efficiency via its GPU implementation, this methodology provides a clinically informative method for the mapping and evaluation of anatomical changes in TBI.
Carbonyl sulfide (OCS): Large‐scale distributions over North America during INTEX‐NA and relationship to CO2

[1] An extensive set of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) observations were made as part of the NASA Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment–North America (INTEX-NA) study, flown from 1 July to 14 August 2004 mostly over the eastern United States and Canada. These data show that summertime OCS mixing ratios at low altitude were dominated by surface drawdown and were highly correlated with CO2. Although local plumes were observed on some low-altitude flight legs, anthropogenic OCS sources were small compared to this sink. These INTEX-NA observations were in marked contrast to the early springtime 2001 Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific experiment, which sampled Asian outflow dominated by anthropogenic OCS emissions. To test the gridded OCS fluxes used in past models, the INTEX-NA observations were combined with the sulfur transport Eulerian model (STEM) regional atmospheric chemistry model for a top-down assessment of bottom-up OCS surface fluxes for North America. Initial STEM results suggest that the modeled fluxes underestimate the OCS plant sink by more than 200%.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in the regulation of thyroid gland function.

Abstract The initial step in TSH action reflects binding of the hormone to specific receptor sites on the plasma membrane. Such binding has been studied using plasma membranes, homogenates, isolated thyroid cells grown in culture, and thyroid slices. 3H- and iodinated TSH preparations have been used; the latter have been prepared using both chloramine-T and lactoperoxidase. Some of the discrepancies reported in the literature might reflect the different thyroid and hormone preparations and the variable incubation conditions which have been used. In general, good correlation exists between binding of TSH and activation of adenylate cyclase in thyroid plasma membranes. Data is reviewed related to activation of protein kinase in intact thyroid cells by TSH. Although there is impressive evidence for cyclic AMP mediation of effects of TSH on the thyroid, some data that are inconsistent with this concept are considered, especially in relationship to 32P incorporation into phospholipid. The role of cyclic GMP in thyroid function is discussed.
Engendering hope in the chronically and terminally ill: Nursing interventions

Nurses assume a primary role in the care of chronic and terminally ill individuals in their homes and are in a strategic position to foster or hinder hope. Using a descriptive survey design, home health care nurses and hospice nurses were asked to rate proposed hope interventions as to use and effectiveness in facilitating hope in their chronically ill and terminally ill clients. One hundred and fifty-eight registered nurses, representative of six hospice agencies and six home care agencies in a Midwestern state, completed the Hope Intervention Questionnaire. Provision of comfort and pain relief emerged as the most effective and most frequently used hope interventions by both the home health care nurses and the hospice nurses. The top 15 interventions, though ranked in slightly different order, were the same for hospice nurses and the home health care nurses and were reflective of the multi-dimensions of hope. The findings of this study have practical importance to nursing practice as they provide a framework for selecting strategies to foster hope in the chronically ill and terminally ill population.
Capillary bonded components for injection laser transmitter modules

The packaging of semiconductor lasers with fibre-optic and electronic components is described, based on the use of an Si chip as a common substrate. The components are attached by flowing solder in grooves underneath the components by capillary action. The modules are small in dimension, and fabricated using automatable techniques for low cost.
Comparative actions of glutamate and related substances on the Xenopus Laevis lateral line

Abstract 1. L-Glutamate, L-aspartate, kainate, but not N-methyl-D-aspartate, increased the spontaneous activity recorded from the afferent nerve fibers of isolated lateral line hair cell stitches of Xenopus laevis. 2. Concentrations of glutamate applied to the serosal surface of adult animals were less than those necessary to evoke a response applying to the cupular surface and similar to those used in young Xenopus and in the guinea-pig cochlea. 3. Higher concentrations of the active substances applied to the lateral line resulted in greater excitation followed by suppression of spontaneous activity. 4. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that L-glutamate or aglutamate-like compound may be the afferent transmitter released by the hair cells of lateral line and guinea-pig cochlea.
IN VIVO TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS.

The measurement of non-steady-state temperatures in biological material presents special problems fundamentally related to the temperature concept. These problems may be divided into those of technique and those of theory. Technical requirements are well recognized and include the need for a small temperature sensing element in close thermal contact with the material under study. The response time of the temperature sensing and recording apparatus must be short compared with the period of the hyperthermic episode, and the physical position of the thermoelement within the body and the temporal events in the heating cycle must be known precisely. Experimental procedures should be guided by a careful mathematical analysis of the system under study; without an adequate theoretical study a temperature measurement per se is of no predictive value. Ideally, the analysis should proceed from a reasonably faithful model of the actual system of interest to a formal analytical solution of the model. This solution will dictate the appropriate physical measurements to be made, while the latter will validate the model and provide the necessary numerical values of the parameters of the solution. When this has been accomplished, the problem is solved, within the limitations of the model. Finally, it must be stressed that in studies of thermal injury, the establishing of the temperature response of a biological system is but the first step in the overall problem of relating thermal insult to resultant biological damage. The second step requires a relation between temperature and injury. It has been established that damage is not a function of the maximum temperature at is not now known with sufficient generality to allow confident predictions of biological injury from temperature response except in a few well-studied systems (13). This is certainly an area in which much further works remain to be done.
PLASMA TESTOSTERONE LEVELS IN C57BL/6J MALE MICE: EFFECTS OF AGE AND DISEASE

Plasma testosterone (T) was measured by radioimmunoassay in both healthy and diseased, mature (8-11 months) and senescent (29-31 months) C57BL/6J male mice. Pathological lesions in diseased mice included reticulum cell sarcoma and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes. In healthy mice neither plasma T nor testicular weight differed between age groups. Median levels and 95 percentiles of plasma T in ng/ml were 1.12 (0.19-12.18) in mature mice and 1.17 (0-7.31) in senescent mice. In diseased mice testicular weight and the range of values of plasma T were significantly reduced. The marked decreased in plasma T and testicular weight in diseased senescent mice illustrates the importance of distinguishing between disease-related changes and effects of aging, per se.
Research on Ultra-Fast Cooling Heat Transfer Coefficient Affecting Law for Hot Strip Mill

The ultra-fast cooling technology has been developed rapidly in order to develop iron and steel material with high performance. A variety of factors including the strip running speed, water temperature, water spray speed and strip temperature will affect strip cooling aspect during ultra-fast cooling process. These factors, which affect heat transfer coefficient, should be analyzed in order to achieve accurate control of strip cooling path during ultra-fast cooling process. The heat transfer coefficients of the hot rolled strip with various cooling parameters were obtained by numerical calculation method. By comparison, the influencing law that the cooling process parameters had made to heat transfer coefficient were obtained. It was found that strip running speed can affect heat transfer coefficient by influencing residual water distribution on top of the strip surface. Water temperature, water spray speed and strip temperature can also affect heat transfer coefficient with different changing law.