cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Strain, Novelty, and NMDA Blockade on Auditory-Evoked Potentials in Mice

People with schizophrenia exhibit impaired ability to modify electroencephalographic event-related potential (ERP) responses to novel stimuli. These deficits serve as a window into the abnormalities of neuronal organization and function and are thought to reflect a component of genetic vulnerability for schizophrenia. We describe differences among inbred mouse strains for ERPs following a novelty detection paradigm, as a model for genetic contributions to disease vulnerability. Auditory-evoked potentials were recorded during an auditory oddball task in nonanesthetized C57BL/6J, C3H/HeJ, and DBA/2J mice prior to and following ketamine (10 mg/kg). Stimuli consisted of 80 sets of 24 standard tones followed by one novel tone. Principal component analysis yielded four temporal components that contribute to the auditory ERP responses to standard and novel stimuli. Two principal components that varied between standard and novel stimuli also differed among inbred mouse strains. Post hoc analyses indicate that strain effects on novelty detection are due to a significant difference between the response to novel and standard tones in C3H/HeJ mice that is absent in the other two strains. Inbred strains of mice vary in their ability to perform neuronal detection of change in the auditory environment. The ability to model novelty detection deficits in mice will aid in identifying genetic contributions to abnormal neuronal organization in people with schizophrenia.
Implementation of a baby doll therapy protocol for people with dementia: Innovative practice:

Dementia is exhibited by both emotional and physical states such as agitation. Chemical restraints, often used for agitated behaviors, are not always effective and produce untoward effects. Baby doll therapy is a nonpharmacologic therapy that can affect agitated behavior in dementia patients, yet a protocol for the therapy did not exist. An implementation protocol for doll therapy for those with dementia was developed and implemented with 16 residents in a dementia care center. Outcomes were measurements of the impact of the dolls on six areas of the resident's behavior and their reactions to the doll. Participants had an increase in level of happiness, activity/liveliness, interaction with staff and others, and ease of giving care. There was also a reduction in the level of anxiety. The increase in happiness was a statistically significant outcome. Baby doll therapy is an effective nonpharmacological approach for improving the well-being of patients with moderate to severe dementia.
Pain Predicts Function One Year Later: A Comparison across Pain Measures in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Sample.

Background. Guidance is limited on best measures and time periods to reference when measuring pain in order to predict future function. Objective. To examine how different measures of pain predict functional limitations a year later in a sample of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Methods. Logistic regression analyses were conducted using baseline and one-year data (). Pain intensity in the last 24 hours was measured on a 0–10 numerical rating scale and in the last month using an item from the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale 2 (AIMS2). AIMS2 also provided frequency of severe pain, pain composite scores, and patient-reported limitations. Physician-rated function was also examined. Results. Composite AIMS2 pain scale performed best, predicting every functional outcome with the greatest magnitude, a one-point increase in pain score predicting 21% increased odds of limitations (combined patient and physician report). However, its constituent item—frequency of severe pain in the last month—performed nearly as well (19% increased odds). Pain intensity measures in last month and last 24 hours yielded inconsistent findings. Conclusion. Although all measures of pain predicted some functional limitations, predictive consistency varied by measure. Frequency of severe pain in the last month provided a good balance of brevity and predictive power.
Dynamic Management of Cost Contingency: Impact of KPIs and Risk Perception

© 2016 The Authors. Risks are inherent in construction projects. In order to manage risks, contingency amount is set aside usually in an escrow account. Cost contingency can be a handsome amount that would get blocked during the execution of the project for further use, incurring constant opportunity cost. The stakeholders may wish to use this held amount for other endeavors during project execution. The managerial practices for dynamic contingency management are of extreme importance. Stakeholders anticipate risks and hindsight project performance by eyeing key performance indicators of a project to direct decisions. The aim of this research is to integrate project key performance indicators with future risk perception to develop a decision support system for facilitating cost contingency release requests. The model is expected to help decision making to ease the managerial burden ensuring effective use of contingency. The findings are not conclusive due to ongoing nature of research.
Skull base chordomas.

Chordomas are rare, benign tumors of the nasopharynx. Because of their location at the skull base, removal of these tumors is usually subtotal. Described is the transcervicaltransmandibular approach to the skull base which can be employed in removing these tumors.
Life-Threatening Diseases of the Upper Respiratory Tract

Acute airway obstruction is one of the most common causes of acute respiratory failure in children. Left untreated, it can rapidly progress to cardiopulmonary arrest and death. There are several important anatomical differences between pediatric and adult patients that render children more susceptible to acute airway obstruction. In addition, there are several diseases that can cause life-threatening acute airway compromise. An understanding of the developmental anatomy and physiology, as well as the myriad diseases that can cause airway compromise in children is therefore essential for all healthcare personnel that provide care for critically ill children.
Standards and Calibration Uncertainty

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the radiometric standards and the role of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) in providing measurement services in the United States. NBS' stated goal in radiometry and photometry is to make 1% measurements commonplace in the United States. There is an ongoing program to develop standards and calibration techniques directed toward the achievement of this goal. The optical radiation section of the NBS includes a photometric and radiometric dissemination group with activities that fall into three categories, namely, calibrations, intercomparisons, and developmental projects. The objective of the calibration of an electro-optical sensor, that the measurement must be independent of the sensor, requires that absolute or traceable standards should be available for use by the different observers who make such measurements from time to time. The concept of traceable standards, or standards, has less meaning for radiation standards than for the standard meter. The international standard of length is a bar of a platinum–iridium alloy called the standard meter. Copies of this primary standard are made—called secondary standards. The chapter also explains the use of a well-qualified receiver or detector of radiant energy. Absolute or self-calibrating thermal detectors are also available. It further discusses the uncertainty in the calibration of an electro-optical sensor in which the output is obtained in response to a standard source.
Local Analysis of Tree Competition and Growth

The relationships between the Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) and traditional tree competition indices and individual tree growth were investigated. The results show that like most of the competition indices, LISA had moderate correlations with tree basal area growth. For predicting the tree basal area growth in a linear regression model, the local G j performed better than many (73%) competition indices at a plot aggregation level and had higher explanatory powerthan most (91%) competition indices at an individual plot level. LISA also had linear and strong relationships with some traditional competition indices, such as the Lorimer index. The relationships were stronger (ρ > 0.90) at an individual plot level than for all plots combined (ρ > 0.75). More importantly, LISA could be statistically tested to identify local clusters of trees of similar or dissimilar sizes, even though there was no discernible pattern as summarized by a global statistic of spatial autocorrelation. These significant hot spots (clusters of trees of similar sizes) or cold spots (clusters of trees of dissimilar sizes) indicated subareas in a forest stand where the competition among trees may be more severe than the average. Therefore, LISA can replace the traditional competition indices for exploring the competitive status of neighboring trees, investigating the relationships between tree competition and growth, and estimating individual tree growth as a predictor variable in a forest growth simulator. The hot spots or cold spots identified by LISA provide useful information for the design of silvicultural and management treatments, such as selection thinning. Furthermore, LISA can be readily incorporated into visualization tools, such as a geographic information system (GIS), because it provides georeferenced information at a local level. FOR.
Urogenital Autonomic Dysfunction in Diabetes

This review details the epidemiology, possible mechanisms, and risk factors associated with urogenital autonomic dysfunction in diabetes. Autonomic neuropathy in diabetes is associated with various urological complications including bladder and sexual dysfunction. Several studies have reported the high prevalence of bladder and sexual dysfunction in both men and women. The DCCT/EDIC UroEDIC study examined the association between cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and bladder and sexual dysfunction in a large cohort of participants with type 1 diabetes and was the first to report significant associations. Future studies are needed to further evaluate the association of urogenital complications and autonomic dysfunction in diabetes.
A Non-specific Setaria italica Lipid Transfer Protein Gene Plays a Critical Role under Abiotic Stress.

Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are a class of cysteine-rich soluble proteins having small molecular weights. LTPs participate in flower and seed development, cuticular wax deposition, also play important roles in pathogen and abiotic stress responses. A nonspecific LTP gene (SiLTP) was isolated from a foxtail millet (Setaria italica) suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) library enriched for differentially expressed genes after abiotic stress treatments. A semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR analysis showed that SiLTP was expressed in all foxtail millet tissues. Additionally, the SiLTP promoter drove GUS expression in root tips, stems, leaves, flowers and siliques of transgenic Arabidopsis. Quantitative real-time PCR indicated that the SiLTP expression was induced by NaCl, polyethylene glycol and abscisic acid. SiLTP was localized in the cytoplasm of tobacco leaf epidermal cells and maize protoplasts. The ectopic expression of SiLTP in tobacco resulted in higher levels of salt and drought tolerance than in the wild type (WT). To further assess the function of SiLTP, SiLTP overexpression (OE) and RNA interference (RNAi)-based transgenic foxtail millet were obtained. SiLTP-OE lines performed better under salt and drought stresses compared with WT plants. In contrast, the RNAi lines were much more sensitive to salt and drought compared than WT. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and yeast one-hybrids indicated that the transcription factor (TF) ABA-responsive DRE-binding protein (SiARDP) could bind to the dehydration-responsive element of SiLTP promoter in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Moreover, the SiLTP expression levels were higher in SiARDP-OE plants compared than the WT. These results confirmed that SiLTP plays important roles in improving salt and drought stress tolerance of foxtail millet, and may partly be up-regulated by SiARDP. SiLTP may provide an effective genetic resource for molecular breeding in crops to enhance salt and drought tolerance levels.
Variational Methods in Statistical Thermodynamics—A Pedagogical Introduction

This chapter presents a pedagogical introduction to the variational methods in statistical thermodynamics. We start with some general considerations of the variational nature of thermodynamics, which is rooted in the second law, and manifested in the maximum-term method in the evaluation of the partition function in statistical mechanics. We present two common mathematical variational techniques, one based on the Gibbs-Bogoliubov-Feynman (GBF) variational bound and one based on the saddle-point (or steepest-descent) method. We illustrate the use of these techniques in the derivation of the mean-field theory for Ising model and the Poisson-Boltzmann equation. We also show that the GBF method provides a self-consistent treatment of fluctuation effects in weakly correlated systems.
Specialty Training in Counselor Education Programs: An Exploratory Study

We investigated the training of licensed professional counselors in Texas by focusing on how students receive expertise in specialty areas such as substance abuse, sexual concerns, domestic violenc...
Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), also known as Forestier’s disease, is a chronic noninflammatory systemic skeletal disorder of unclear aetiology, the hallmark of which is new bone formation in the region of the spine and peripheral skeleton. This entity was for the first time described by Forestier and Rotes-Querol in 1950, as senile ankylosing hyperostosis of the spine, although reports in the literature of skeletal ossifications are more than 150 years old. In DISH, local metaplastic calcification of matrix occurs in the thin connective tissue between the anterior longitudinal ligament and the vertebral body due to calcification of the longitudinal ligament. Ossification progresses from attachments of tendons, ligaments and joint capsules [1]. Heterotopic bone tissue can be found predominantly in the spine, primarily as flowing ossification of vertebrae. Peripheral involvement includes enthesopathies that occur predominantly in the region of the heels, knees, elbows and pelvis [2]. Diagnosis is based on compliance with Resnick’s criteria [3] (Table 23.1) that characterise a typical radiographic finding in the spine, but do not include clinical or laboratory signs.
Using Genetics to Improve Addiction Treatment Outcomes

Purpose of Review This review will discuss recent studies that have employed pharmacogenetic findings to advance development of therapeutics and improve treatment outcomes for substance use disorder.
Abnormal Angiogenesis, Neurogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis in the Skin Underlies Delayed Wound Healing in the Sickle Mouse: Acceleration of Healing by Topical Opioids.

Abstract Chronic non-healing and painful leg ulcers are a serious manifestation of sickle cell disease (SCD). We hypothesized that structurally and functionally aberrant interdependent triad of angiogenesis, neurogenesis and lymphangiogenesis leads to localized ischemic insult, pain and edema, respectively, resulting in non-healing, painful and ulcerative wounds in SCD. We examined the dorsal skin of sickle mice with different severity (mild, NY1DD, medium, hBERK and severe, BERK) for blood vessels, sensory nerves and lymphatic vessels, by immunostaining 100 micron thick cryosections with endothelial specific anti-CD31, PGP9.5 and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and anti-lymphatic vessel endothelium marker LYVE-1, respectively. Z-series images were acquired using using laser scanning confocal microscopy. We observed a drastic difference in the structure, presentation and localization of all three processes in sickle mice as compared to their controls, which increased with the severity of the model. We found that, [i] epidermal thickening in BERK is 1/2 vs HbABERK (control expressing normal human Hb), [ii] majority of blood vessels localized in the sub-epidermal region in BERK vs dermal tissue in controls, [iii] microvasculature shows disorganization,tortuous, stringy and collapsed vessels in sickle, [iv] open lymphatic vessels arranged in parallel union with hair follicles in controls collapsed to 50 and 90% in diameter in mild and severe sickle models, respectively, while they moved by 90° becoming perpendicular to hair follicles in the severe sickle; [v] Peptidergic-immunoreactive nerve fibres increased with the severity of sickle state in the epidermis; and [vi] CGRP, a mediator in pain transmission is upregulated 2–5 times in sickle vs controls. These data suggest that aberrant, non-functional blood vessels lead to the development of localized hypoxia and ischemia resulting in tissue damage and compression of lymphatics which in turn increase edema and ulceration. Upregulated CGRP on peripheral nerves is suggestive of severe pain associated with sickle ulcers. Opioids interact with endothelium as well as nerves and promote angiogenesis and analgesia, respectively. Therefore, we examined the effect of topically applied opioids on healing of ischemic wounds in hBERK. In PBS treated HbABERK control, wound healing was 62% vs 42% in sickle on day 12 (p
Algebraic and Topological Invariants for Reaction-Diffusion Equations

In the last few years, a good deal of progress has been made in the understanding of the qualitative properties of solutions of reaction-diffusion equations. This has been due to the introduction of new topological techniques into the field; in particular, we mention the concept of an isolated invariant set, and its index, as developed in [2].
Pulmonary nodule detection and visual search: P45 and P104 monochrome versus color monitor displays.

Abstract Rationale and Objectives The faceplate of a cathode-ray tube (CRT) display monitor is covered on the vacuum side with a phosphor screen. The different phosphors that can be used for this screen have distinctly different physical properties that can affect the noise properties of the display. Differences in noise affect the signal-to-noise ratio and, hence, may affect diagnostic performance. This study evaluated observer performance and visual search parameters in the detection of pulmonary nodules, comparing two monochrome CRT monitors with different phosphors (P45 and P104) and a color CRT monitor. Materials and Methods The receiver operating characteristic paradigm was used to evaluate observer performance with a series of radiographic chest images containing solitary pulmonary nodules. Eye position was recorded as the observers searched the images on each type of monitor. Results Observer performance, as indicated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and compared by means of an analysis of variance test, was best for the P45 monitor, next best for the P104 monitor, and worst for the color monitor. All differences were statistically significant. Eye-position parameters were also affected by monitor type. The time required to fixate the lesion and overall search times were longest with the color monitor. Conclusion The type of phosphor used in the CRT monitor faceplate can affect diagnostic performance and visual search parameters. Care should be taken in the selection of monitors for use in clinical radiology.
Multi-parametric MRI imaging of the prostate—implications for focal therapy

The primary goal of a focal therapy treatment paradigm is to achieve cancer control through targeted tissue destruction while simultaneously limiting deleterious effects on peri-prostatic structures. Focal therapy approaches are employed in several oncologic treatment protocols, and have been shown to provide equivalent cancer control for malignancies such as breast cancer and renal cell carcinoma. Efforts to develop a focal therapy approach for prostate cancer have been challenged by several concepts including the multifocal nature of the disease and limited capability of prostate ultrasound and systematic biopsy to reliably localize the site(s) and aggressiveness of disease. Multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) of the prostate has significantly improved disease localization, spatial demarcation and risk stratification of cancer detected within the prostate. The accuracy of this imaging modality has further enabled the urologist to improve biopsy approaches using targeted biopsy via MRI-ultrasound fusion. From this foundation, an improved delineation of the location of disease has become possible, providing a critical foundation to the development of a focal therapy strategy. This chapter reviews the accuracy of mpMRI for detection of “aggressive“ disease, the accuracy of mpMRI in determining the tumor volume, and the ability of mpMRI to accurately identify the index lesion. While mpMRI provides a critical, first step in developing a strategy for focal therapy, considerable questions remain regarding the relationship between MR identified tumor volume and pathologic tumor volume, the accuracy and utility of mpMRI for treatment surveillance and the optimal role and timing of follow-up mpMRI.
Use of the Artificial Urinary Sphincter in the Management of Post-prostatectomy Incontinence

Despite advances in surgical techniques for radical prostatectomy, post-prostatectomy incontinence affects many men and can have a large impact on quality of life. Many treatments options are available for this condition, ranging from pelvic floor physical therapy to male urethral sling insertion or artificial urinary sphincter placement. In cases of severe incontinence, prior pelvic radiation therapy or previous failed urethral sling placement, implanting an artificial urinary sphincter is typically preferred. Here, we review the preoperative considerations, operative technique, postoperative outcomes, and potential complications of artificial urinary sphincter placement.
Evaluation of a combination of community initiatives to reduce driving while intoxicated and other alcohol-related harms.

Objectives: In 2013, the community of Redlands, California, created an initiative using evidence-based strategies to deter driving under the influence (DUI), underage drinking and driving, public i...
Architecture of Health Information Infrastructure: The Case of the United States of America

The Health Infrastructure in the U.S. is called the National Health Information Network (NHIN) which is composed of regional Health Information Exchange (HIE) hubs. This approach has been exercised since 2008. However, there is a lack of one top-down comprehensive architecture of this system, which is being developing by each state individually. This paper provides the top-down model of such architecture, perhaps the first one which is made. The paper defines basic components of that system. Also some issues of security and privacy of stored and exchanged data are disputed. By the end, the paper provides conclusions regarding the issues of its implementation.
Patents Used in Patent Office Rejections as Indicators of Value

The economic literature emphasizes the importance of patent citations, particularly forward citations, as an indicator of a cited patent’s value. Studies have refined which forward citations are better indicators of value, focusing on examiner citations for example. We test a metric that arguably is closer tied to private value—the substantive use of a patent by an examiner in a patent office rejection of another pending patent application. This paper assesses how patents used in 102 and 103 rejections relate to common measures of private value—specifically patent renewal, the assertion of a patent in litigation, and the number of patent claims. We examine rejection data from U.S. patent applications pending from 2008 to 2017 and then link value data to rejection citations to patents issued from 1999 to 2007. Our findings show that rejection patents are independently, positively correlated with many of the value measurements above and beyond forward citations and examiner citations.
Abstract 4443: Targeting E3 ligase PJA1 via TGF-β pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma

Background: RING-finger E3 ligases are instrumental in the regulation of inflammatory cascades, apoptosis, and cancer. However, their roles are relatively unknown for specific pathways such as TGF-β/Smad signaling that when disrupted, drive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We, therefore, analyzed the TCGA database for the TGF-β pathway associated 22 E3 ligases, and identified mRNA alterations in 55% of tumors, most prominently for UCHL5 (16.4%), PJA (12.7%), WWP2 (11.8%), SKP2 (9.1%), SMURF1 and SMURF2 (8.2 and 9.1%, respectively), ITCH (6.4%) and KEAP1 (6.4%). We previously uncovered increased PJA1 expression with loss of TGF-β substrates Smad3 and β2SP in TGF-β deficient mice (β2SP+/-/Smad3+/- mice), which spontaneously develop characteristics of a human stem cell syndrome, and HCC by 12-15 months. Here, we report PJA1 oncogenic function in HCC progression. HCC. Methods & Results: (1) Analyses of primary HCC datasets (91 cases) reveal increased PJA1 correlates with decreased levels of TGF-β/Smad3 and their regulated genes including Smad8 and TGFBR3. (2) To better understand the implications of PJA1-mediated deregulation of Smad3-promoted transcription in HCC, we compared transcriptomes of HepG2 cells silenced by PJA1 shRNA or treated with TGF-β: 1,584 genes including c-FOS were co-up-regulated and 1,279 genes including TERT were co-down-regulated. PJA1 expression in HCC was negatively associated with c-FOS and SERPINE1 expression. (3) PJA1 interacts with the Smad3 MH2 and Linker domains and multiple domains of β2SP to promote ubiquitin-mediated phosphor-Smad3 degradation in a TGF-β dependent manner, resulting in decreased TGF-β target gene activity. (4) We found that PJA1 expression in HCC is negatively associated with c-FOS and SERPINE1 expression. (5) Overexpression of a RING-domain-deleted PJA1 mutant reduced the proliferation rate in HCC cells and PJA1 knockdown significantly decreased anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenicity of HCC cells. (6) Our results also demonstrate that PJA1 promotes liver cancer stem cell formation in Smad3+/- mice. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that loss of expression of β2SP and Smad3 through PJA1 could play an important role in HCC progression and that PJA1 is a potential novel therapeutic target for this lethal disease. Citation Format: Kazufumi Ohshiro, Jian Chen, Wilma Jogunoori, Chu-Xia Deng, Bibhuti Mishra, Shulin Li, Lopa Mishra. Targeting E3 ligase PJA1 via TGF-β pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4443.
Misclassification in defining and diagnosing microcephaly.

Background Several health agencies define microcephaly for surveillance purposes using a single criterion, a percentile or Z-score cut-off for newborn head circumference. This definition, however, conflicts with the reported prevalence of microcephaly even in populations with endemic Zika virus. Objective We explored possible reasons for this conflict, hypothesising that the definition of microcephaly used in some studies may be incompletely described, lacking the additional clinical criteria that clinicians use to make a formal diagnosis. We also explored the potential for misclassification that can result from differences in these definitions, especially when applying a percentile cut-off definition in the presence of the much lower observed prevalence estimates that we believe to be valid. Methods We conducted simulations under a theoretical bimodal distribution of head circumference. For different definitions of microcephaly, we calculated the sensitivity and specificity using varying cut-offs of head circumference. We then calculated and plotted the positive predictive value for each of these definitions by prevalence of microcephaly. Results Simple simulations suggest that if the true prevalence of microcephaly is approximately what is reported in peer-reviewed literature, then relying on cut-off-based definitions may lead to very poor positive predictive value under realistic conditions. Conclusions While a simple head circumference criterion may be used in practice as a screening or surveillance tool, the definition lacks clarification as to what constitutes true pathological microcephaly and may lead to confusion about the true prevalence of microcephaly in Zika-endemic areas, as well as bias in aetiologic studies.
Valuing New Earth Observation Missions for System Architecture Trade-Studies

New earth observation missions are being implemented and conceptualized with architectures employing multiple spacecraft and novel observing strategies that combine distributed, multi-platform systems. These new types of missions are enabling earth observation with multi-angular, multi-spectral data acquisition at high resolution and high revisit frequencies. The architectural choices have grown exponentially in such distributed systems, and there is a need for quantitative measures, that go beyond cost estimation, and assess value (or scientific return) over a mission’s operational life-cycle. Here, we formulate a novel metric, Net Architecture Value (NAV), that can be used in early stage conceptual mission design and architecture trade studies. We propose that useful data of adequate quality, obtained over regions of interest, acquired by a system over its lifetime can be used as a proxy measure of value. We demonstrate the application of this approach for a distributed space mission.
The Impact of Maltreatment on Internalizing Symptoms for Foster Youth: an Examination of Spirituality and Appraisals as Moderators

Research shows that exposure to child maltreatment increases the risk of internalizing symptoms for youth, and that youth in foster care are at a particularly high risk of symptoms. However, not all youth who experience maltreatment evidence maladjustment, making the link between exposure and mental health outcomes unclear and creating a need to examine what factors buffer against symptomatology. A sample of youth in foster care was used to provide a new examination of the relation between child maltreatment exposure and internalizing symptoms, to test the possible moderating effects of both appraisals and spirituality, and examine differences between children and adolescents. Participants were 486 youth in foster care (M age = 13; 204 children; 282 adolescents). Youth completed self-report measures through the SPARK project (Studying Pathways to Adjustment and Resilience in Kids). Although appraisals and spirituality were not significant moderators, significant main effects emerged. For children, regression analyses showed that maltreatment exposure and lower scores on spiritual prosocial attitudes accounted for the majority of the 21% of the variance in internalizing symptoms. For adolescents 28% of the variance in internalizing symptoms was accounted for by greater maltreatment exposure, lower scores on spiritual prosocial attitudes, higher scores on relationship with a God/Higher Power, and more negative appraisals of stressful life events. The current study provides support for cognitive-based interventions for adolescents aimed at increasing appraisal flexibility and suggests that both children and adolescents could benefit from the development of prosocial attitudes often tied to spirituality but could be reinforced in additional settings.
What We Talk about When We Talk about Romantic Love: The Sour Fruit: Lord Byron, Love & Sex, by Vincenzo Patanè, edited by James R. Schwarten, translated by John Francis Phillimore, Rome and Lanham, MD, John Cabot UP and Rowman & Littlefield, 2019, xix + 215 pp., 23 illustrations.

Both of these books investigate love and eros in the English Romantic age and are about as close to one-sitting reads as scholarly works come. The more salacious of the two, Vincenzo Patane’s The S...
Diagnostic Accuracy of FDA Authorized Serology Tests to Detect SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract Importance Serology tests are diagnostic and complementary to molecular tests during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of FDA authorized serology tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Data sources A search of MEDLINE, SCOPUS, CINAHL Plus, and EMBASE up to April 4, 2020, was performed to identify studies using the “COVID 19 testing” and “meta-analysis.” FDA website was accessed for the list of tests for emergency use authorization (EUA). Study Selection Manufacturer reported serology tests published in the FDA website were selected. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility of the selected reports. Data extraction and synthesis The meta-analysis was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A bivariate analysis using the “random-effects model” was applied for pooled summary estimates of sensitivity, specificity, and the summary receiver operating characteristic curves. Main outcomes and measures The primary outcome was the diagnostic accuracy of the serology test for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection. Subgroup analysis of the diagnostic accuracy with lag time between symptom onset and testing were studied. Results Seven manufacturer listed reports were included. The pooled sensitivity was 87% (95% CI, 78% - 93%), the pooled specificity was 100% (95% CI, 97% - 100%), and the area under the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.97. At ≤ 7 days, sensitivity was 44% (95% CI, 21% - 70%), and for 8-14 days, sensitivity was 84% (95% CI, 67 % - 94%).For blood draws ≥ 15 days after the onset of symptoms, sensitivity was 96% (95% CI, 93% - 98%). Heterogeneity was substantial, and the risk of bias was low in this analysis. Conclusions and relevance FDA authorized serology tests demonstrate high diagnostic accuracy for SARS-CoV-2 infection (certainty of evidence: moderate). There is a wide variation in the test accuracy based on the duration between the onset of symptoms and the tests (certainty of evidence: low). Key– points Questions What is the pooled diagnostic accuracy of FDA authorized serology tests to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies? Findings In this systematic review and meta-analysis of seven reports from FDA authorized serology tests to detect antibodies against SARS-CoV2 antibodies (3336 patients/ samples) pooled sensitivity was 87%, and pooled specificity was almost 100%. There was a wide variation in test performance based on the duration between the onset of symptoms and the tests. Meaning FDA authorized tests are highly accurate to detect antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 antibodies if tests are performed under a similar condition, as presented in the original report. There is a wide variation in the test performance based on the time interval between the onset of symptoms to the tests.
A Call for Field Disruptions and Connections in Mathematics Education Research

The Field Disruptions and Field Connections section of the Journal of Urban Mathematics Education (JUME) seeks manuscripts that bring to light innovative, underutilized, or marginalized theories and methods that show potential for radical reconfiguration in (urban) mathematics education research. In this introductory and invitational editorial to the section, I provide illustrations of field disruptions through the use of poststructural and agential realist theories in mathematics education research. The purpose in doing so is to highlight how past disruptions have caused shifts in what counts as mathematical knowledge and who can be seen as mathematical. I also point to examples of field connections that demonstrate the importance of innovation and creativity in not only what we research but also in the ways we research in urban mathematics education. Because new and newly considered theories and methods can and have shifted the field of mathematics education research, an intellectual space to share and explore these innovative contributions to the field is being created within JUME. Specifically, the section seeks submissions that bring forward theories, methods, and concepts that the author argues have potential to disrupt the structures that support systemic racism and other forms of exclusion in mathematics teaching and learning. In addition, as section editor, I welcome alternative texts, poetry, and research texts and data that may not fit or have been systematically excluded in more traditional disciplined spaces but speak to important issues in urban mathematics education.
Glial Cell Dysfunction in C9orf72-Related Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia.

Since the discovery of the chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) repeat expansion mutation in 2011 as the most common genetic abnormality in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), progress in understanding the signaling pathways related to this mutation can only be described as intriguing. Two major theories have been suggested—(i) loss of function or haploinsufficiency and (ii) toxic gain of function from either C9orf72 repeat RNA or dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs) generated from repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation. Each theory has provided various signaling pathways that potentially participate in the disease progression. Dysregulation of the immune system, particularly glial cell dysfunction (mainly microglia and astrocytes), is demonstrated to play a pivotal role in both loss and gain of function theories of C9orf72 pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the pathogenic roles of glial cells in C9orf72 ALS/FTD as evidenced by pre-clinical and clinical studies showing the presence of gliosis in C9orf72 ALS/FTD, pathologic hallmarks in glial cells, including TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) and p62 aggregates, and toxicity of C9orf72 glial cells. A better understanding of these pathways can provide new insights into the development of therapies targeting glial cell abnormalities in C9orf72 ALS/FTD.
Weather and COVID-19 Deaths During the Stay-at-Home Order in the U.S.

Background: Understanding if and how weather patterns influence the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 will impact public health preparedness, as the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic draws near. However, the research on weather and SARS-CoV-2 transmission has yielded mixed results. This study aimed to estimate the association of weather and COVID-19 fatality rates during the period of stay-at-home orders in U.S. counties. Methods: This study utilized a county-level longitudinal design to examine COVID-19 adult deaths from the stay-at-home orders to reopening. COVID-19 deaths came from public health departments’ daily reports and considered exposure as the 18 to 22 day-period before death. Further, models included information on state-level social distancing measures, Census Bureau demographic information, daily weather information, and daily air pollution. The primary measures included minimum and maximum daily temperature, precipitation, ozone concentration, PM2·5 concentrations, and U.V. light index. Findings: The average minimum daily temperature threshold of 53 to 63 degrees Fahrenheit (°F was positively associated with COVID-19 deaths. A 1°F increase in the average minimum temperature was associated with 1·9% (95% CI, 0·2%−3·6%) increase in deaths about 20 days later. An ozone concentration increase of one ppb (part per billion) decreased daily deaths by 2·0% (95% CI, 0·1%−3·6%). Ozone levels below 38 ppb appeared negatively correlated with deaths. Interpretation: Increased mobility and contacts may drive the observed association of minimum daily temperature on COVID-19 deaths. The effect of ozone may be related to its disinfectant properties, but this requires further confirmation. Funding Statement: No Funding Received. Declaration of Interests: None to declare.
Machine Learning for Evaluating the Impact of Manufacturing Process Variations in High-Speed Interconnects

This paper presents a machine learning based modeling methodology to analyze the impact of high-volume manufacturing process variations on electrical performance of high-speed interconnects, that overcomes the limitations of traditional approaches. The proposed methodology outperforms the response surface based modeling for high-speed interconnects and is capable of handling highly nonlinear relationships. Machine learning is demonstrated to be a promising approach to explore design spaces efficiently and accurately even when modeling data is limited due to expensive computational cost.
Co-occurrence of Aquatic Heatwaves with Atmospheric Heatwaves, Low Dissolved Oxygen, and Low pH Events in Estuarine Ecosystems

Heatwaves are increasing in frequency, duration, and intensity in the atmosphere and marine environment with rapid changes to ecosystems occurring as a result. However, heatwaves in estuarine ecosystems have received little attention despite the effects of high temperatures on biogeochemical cycling and fisheries and the susceptibility of estuaries to heatwaves given their low volume. Likewise, estuarine heatwave co-occurrence with extremes in water quality variables such as dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH have not been considered and would represent periods of enhanced stress. This study analyzed 1440 station years of high-frequency data from the National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS) to assess trends in the frequency, duration, and severity of estuarine heatwaves and their co-occurrences with atmospheric heatwaves, low DO, and low pH events between 1996 and 2019. Estuaries are warming faster than the open and coastal ocean, with an estuarine heatwave mean annual occurrence of 2 ± 2 events, ranging up to 10 events per year, and lasting up to 44 days (mean duration = 8 days). Estuarine heatwaves co-occur with an atmospheric heatwave 6–71% of the time, depending on location, with an average estuarine heatwave lag range of 0–2 days. Similarly, low DO or low pH events co-occur with an estuarine heatwave 2–45% and 0–18% of the time, respectively, with an average low DO lag of 3 ± 2 days and low pH lag of 4 ± 2 days. Triple co-occurrence of an estuarine heatwave with a low DO and low pH event was rare, ranging between 0 and 7% of all estuarine heatwaves. Amongst all the stations, there have been significant reductions in the frequency, intensity, duration, and rate of low DO event onset and decline over time. Likewise, low pH events have decreased in frequency, duration, and intensity over the study period, driven in part by reductions in all severity classifications of low pH events. This study provides the first baseline assessment of estuarine heatwave events and their co-occurrence with deleterious water quality conditions for a large set of estuaries distributed throughout the USA.
Modification of Wool Fibers via Base/Cationic Detergent Pretreatment and Transglutaminase-mediated Reaction of Keratin

The surface modification of wool fibers is an important part of the textile industry to add functionality and stability to wool products. In this study, we developed a process utilizing a base/cati...
Models for neurovestibular adaptation

Dynamic models have played a more prominent role in the vestibular and oculomotor field than in any other branch of physiology. The ease of identification of input and output variables and the challenge of multi-loop, multi-axis adaptive control has attracted numerous modelers from engineering and shaped behavioral and neurophysiological experimental programs. In particular, the adaptive characteristics of the neurovestibular system have generated continuing speculation as to mechanisms. This treatment of adaptation and multi-sensor integration covers the development and application of such models, principally in the author's laboratory. It emphasizes the continuing relevance of both "model reference" and "error pattern recognition" notions of adaptive control.
The Effect of Lysoplasmalogen on Some Physical Properties of Dipalmitoyllecithin Bilayers: A Fluorescent Probe Study

The effect of lysoplasmalogen on some physical properties of dipalmitoyllecithin bilayers has been determined by fluorescence probe techniques. The solvent dependencies of the fluorescence spectra (pyrene and pyrene-3-aldehyde) in simple solvents have been established. By using the established properties of the probes, information is obtained on the nature of the mixed lipid systems. A dramatic increase in the polarity of the probe environment was observed on increasing the lysoplasmalogen up to 40 mole percent. Above 50 mole percent lysoplasmalogen, the probe environment is relatively non-polar and insensitive to lysoplasmalogen content. Kinetic features in these mixed systems also depend on the composition of the mixture. It is suggested that the lyso-compounds disrupt the lecithin bilayer and cause entry of water into the paraffin or hydrocarbon-like core of the vesicle bilayers. Above 50 mole percent of lysoplasmalogen the system breaks up into small mixed micelles rather than the mixed lysoplasmalogen/ lipid bilayer system. Water is again excluded from the micelles and the kinetic and fluorescent properties of the system tend to return to those noted in the pure lecithin bilayer, or lysoplasmalogen micelle.
On Time-Space Efficiency of Digital Trees with Adaptive Multidigit Branching

Parameters of time-space efficiency and sparseness of nodes in trees with adaptive multidigit branching are studied. Both precise and asymptotic expressions, describing average behavior of these parameters in a memoryless model, are obtained. These expressions are used to establish a relation between parameters. As a result, conditions of time-space optimality of trees constructed with the use of Nilsson and Tikkanen algorithm are obtained.
Wage and Fertility Gaps in Dual Economies

Virtually all developing economies, now and in the past, have large gaps in labor productivity across sectors. We argue the presence of a traditional sector of family-based production, where markets for land and labor are nonexistent or underdeveloped, is important in explaining the persistence of large wage gaps. In the absence of land markets, intergenerational links make it more likely that low-wage workers do not relocate because they are compensated by inheritance of the family “farm.” The use of family labor on relatively small plots of land reduces the incentive to work long hours further widening gaps in annual hours and wages. Greater fertility and larger families also serve to compensate low-wage workers in the traditional sector, another factor reducing the incentive to migrate.
A Provincial Minister in Politics: Henry W. Crosskey*

Henry W. Crosskey (1826�93), a late Victorian unitarian minister who served in Derby, Glasgow and Birmingham, is now best remembered for his involvement in Liberal politics and policy, especially education, as both an advocate and as a member of the Birmingham School Board. An eloquent preacher, he was also an important geologist, recognized both for his original research and for popularising the science and its impact on theology, and a revealing figure in the evolution of English unitarian thought. From his student days at Manchester College, Crosskey was a follower of his teacher, James Martineau, but, unlike Martineau, he advocated an active role for government, particularly local government, in promoting social well-being. In the political crises of 1885�6, though differing from Gladstone on religious education, disestablishment, and home rule for Ireland, he was unable to follow Joseph Chamberlain, a member of his congregation, into alliance with the Conservative Party. His scientific convictions led to his emergence in later life as an admirer of the broad piety of the early unitarian theologian and scientist, Joseph Priestley, whose followers had warred with Martineau's disciples in the bitter mid century struggle between �Old� and �New� unitarianism, thus serving as a bridge between the two schools of interpretation. He is also an important reminder of the expanding demands, internal and external, of an urban pastorate in the later 19th century.