cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Engaging Pedagogy: Writing and Reflecting in Multicultural Teacher Education

The call for a recognition of cultural diversity, a rethinking of ways of knowing, a deconstruction of old epistemologies, and the concomitant demand that there be a transformation in our classrooms, in how we teach and what we teach, has been a necessary revolution ‐‐ one that seeks to restore life to a corrupt and dying academy, (hooks, 1994, p. 30)
Suitability of macadamia nut as a host plant of Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae).

Laboratory feeding studies demonstrated that macadamia nut, Macadamia integrefolia (Maiden & Betche), is not a suitable host plant for southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.). Weight gain, fecundity, and survival of adult N. viridula females that were fed macadamia nuts were inferior to those fed a standard laboratory diet of fresh green beans, Phaseolus vulgaris (L.), and peanuts, Arachis hypogaea (L.). No 2nd- or 3rd-instar N. viridula , and only a small proportion of 4th and 5th instars, survived to adulthood when given macadamia- only diets. Furthermore, nymphs that survived on macadamia-only diets weighed less and took longer to molt to adults than nymphs fed a standard diet. These results suggest that N. viridula populations do not increase on the crop, and thus other host plants are an important component of N. viridula population dynamics in macadamia orchards.
Coniferous tree bark: A lightweight substitute for limestone rock in barbeque basket macroinvertebrate samplers

Abstract Commercially processed coniferous bark pieces are compared with limestone rock as the substrate in barbeque basket macroinvertebrate samplers under a range of water quality conditions. There was no significant difference between the two substrates as to numbers of individuals or genera collected. Shannon diversity or trophic condition index. Tree bark provides a useful and effective substrate particularly where access to sampling stations makes sampler weight a concern.
Electronic dental anesthesia in a patient with suspected allergy to local anesthetics: report of case

A report of case describing the application of electronic dental anesthesia to control pain during dental treatment in a patient with a history of allergy to local anesthetics is presented. The function of electrical stimulation units for pain control is also discussed.
STIMULUS ALIGNMENTS IN THE SELECTION OF BIGGER RECTANGLES BY FOUR- AND FIVE-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN

63 four- and five-yr.-olds were presented pairs consisting of one square plus one rectangle with the bases, centers, or tops aligned and asked to select the bigger ones. The larger stimuli were selected more often under all aligned conditions, whereas the taller stimuli were also selected more often under the base- and the center-aligned conditions. In the pairs with the larger square and the smaller rectangle, children selected the taller stimuli most often under the base-aligned and least often under the top-aligned conditions and selected the larger ones more often under the center-aligned than under the base-aligned conditions. These effects of alignments did not appear in the pairs with the smaller square and the larger rectangle. Under the base-aligned condition, children selected the taller stimuli more often and the larger ones less often in the pairs with the larger square and the smaller rectangle than in the pairs with the smaller square and the larger rectangle. These results confirmed that 4- and 5-yr.-olds tend to attend to height dimension, and that, when height is salient, they tend to perceive taller objects as larger.
Current Treatment and Future Directions in the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B Viral Infection

The World Health Organization places hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the top 10 causes of death worldwide. It is estimated that there are over 400 million carriers of HBV as well. At least 20% to 30% of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers will die of complications of chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and liver cancer. The serious consequences of end-stage liver disease and liver cancer occur in 30% of chronic carriers and confront patients and physicians throughout the world. Vaccination is the major form of treatment (prevention) that may eventually eliminate HBV worldwide. This article discusses the currently available treatments as well as evolving treatments for chronic HBV infection.
Interpreting nominal compounds for information retrieval

Abstract A nominal compound, such as computer science, is a sequence of two or more nouns that together form a structure that itself acts like a noun. The interpretation of nominal compounds has been studied in the context of natural language processing and is potentially important for information retrieval. In this paper, we show that simple, knowledge-intensive algorithms can successfully interpret many of the compounds found in technical documents. We also report experiments that indicate that effective identification of concepts represented by nominal compounds may be possible without these knowledge-intensive algorithms.
Applying systems thinking to analyze wind energy sustainability

Abstract Wind energy, along with other renewable energy sources, has become an alternative to traditional energy sources to meet the growing energy demand. Wind energy is considered to be one of the cleanest sources of energy. Wind energy sustainability focuses on a balance between economic, social and environmental objectives. However, wind energy faces various challenges associated to sustainability. This paper presents a way to analyze wind energy sustainability using a systems thinking approach.
In situ characterization of semiconductor—liquid junctions: surface optimization of n-CuInSe2

Abstract Electrolyte electroreflectance and frequency dispersion of the impedance are used to characterize the dielectric properties of the interface between single-crystal n-CuInSe2 and aqueous electrolytes, which was optimized to yield high solar conversion efficiency by chemical etching and thermal oxidation. The changes in the flat-band potential, the doping density and the density and distribution of the surface states were monitored as a function of the surface treatment. We shall demonstrate that the oxidized layer forms a non-insulating porous structure in which the electrolyte serves as the conductive medium. The oxidation provides a mechanism for an order of magnitude reduction in the doping level of n-CulnSe2 at the interface, which fully accounts for the increase in conversion efficiency.
The impact of trophic interactions on rates of nitrogen regeneration and grazing in Chesapeake Bay

We investigated the effect that zooplankton grazing had on NH 4 + regeneration during August 1991 in the mesohaline Chesapeake Bay, when NH 4 + regeneration was important in supporting phytoplankton production. We measured rates of NH 4 + regeneration and uptake by organisms in <15-, <63-, and <202-μm size fractions as a function of the density of the copepod Acartia tonsa, as well as rates of grazing on 5-20-μm particles by microzooplankton and copepods over a 24-h period. The primary regenerators of NH 4 + were organisms <15 μm; these organisms were strongly controlled by microzooplankton. Microzooplankton, in turn, were strongly controlled by the copepods. Thus, copepods appeared to affect the primary NH 4 + regenerators indirectly through trophic interactions with microzooplankton, relieving grazing pressure on or stimulating rapid growth of the primary regenerators.
NANO-GAP PIEZOELECTRIC RESONATORS FOR MECHANICAL RF MAGNETIC FIELD MODULATION

Novel piezoelectric MEMS resonators with magnetic shielding have been developed to mechanically generate RF magnetic fields in the MHz frequency range from static magnetic fields. Thermally evaporated thin film nickel iron (NiFe) (10 to 20 nm) was deposited with a saturation flux density of 0.5 T, coercivity of 500 A/m and a high relative permeability of 3.7 × 103 . Aluminum nitride (AlN) resonators developed for high frequency operation, resonate in a contour mode to increase and decrease a gap surrounding the resonator. This gap, 200 to 350 nm, is formed using a silicon sidewall deposition as a sacrificial spacer. Resonators with frequencies up to 60 MHz have been fabricated and tested.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
An Unusual Spectral State of an Ultraluminous Very Soft X-Ray Source during Outburst

We report the results of Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of a new outburst of an ultraluminous X-ray source in M101. During a Chandra monitoring observation of M101, M101 ULX-1 was found to be in outburst in 2004 December, the second outburst in 2004. The peak bolometric luminosity is about 3 × 1040 ergs s-1 (7 × 1039 ergs s-1 in 0.3-7 keV). The outburst spectra are very soft and can generally be fitted with a blackbody model, with temperatures of 40-80 eV, similar to supersoft X-ray sources in the Milky Way and in the Magellanic Clouds. In one Chandra observation, the source spectrum appears to be harder with a temperature of 150 eV. Such a spectral state is rarely seen in M101 ULX-1, and no X-ray source in the Milky Way shows this kind of spectrum. However, such an unusual spectral state very likely belongs to a new class of X-ray sources, quasi-soft X-ray sources, recently discovered in nearby galaxies. M101 ULX-1 returned to supersoft state in a subsequent XMM-Newton observation. Based on the two outbursts in 2004, the extremely high luminosity (Lbol = 1040-1041 ergs s-1), very soft X-ray spectra (kT = 40-150 eV), transient behavior, and state transition provide strong evidence that M101 ULX-1 harbors an intermediate-mass black hole.
Closing the Certification Gaps in Adaptive Flight Control Software

Over the last five decades, extensive research has been performed to design and develop adaptive control systems for aerospace systems and other applications where the capability to change controller behavior at different operating conditions is highly desirable. Although adaptive flight control has been partially implemented through the use of gain-scheduled control, truly adaptive control systems using learning algorithms and on-line system identification methods have not seen commercial deployment. The reason is that the certification process for adaptive flight control software for use in national air space has not yet been decided. The purpose of this paper is to examine the gaps between the state-of-the-art methodologies used to certify conventional (i.e., non-adaptive) flight control system software and what will likely to be needed to satisfy FAA airworthiness requirements. These gaps include the lack of a certification plan or process guide, the need to develop verification and validation tools and methodologies to analyze adaptive controller stability and convergence, as well as the development of metrics to evaluate adaptive controller performance at off-nominal flight conditions. This paper presents the major certification gap areas, a description of the current state of the verification methodologies, and what further research efforts will likely be needed to close the gaps remaining in current certification practices. It is envisioned that closing the gap will require certain advances in simulation methods, comprehensive methods to determine learning algorithm stability and convergence rates, the development of performance metrics for adaptive controllers, the application of formal software assurance methods, the application of on-line software monitoring tools for adaptive controller health assessment, and the development of a certification case for adaptive system safety of flight.
Application of the Jeener-Broekaert pulse sequence to molecular dynamics studies in liquid crystals

Abstract The Jeener-Broekaert pulse sequence is considered as an alternative to selective and nonselective pulse experiments for relaxation measurements in partially ordered spin systems. It is demonstrated that measurements of the decay of the sum and difference magnetizations provide a convenient method for the simultaneous determination of J1(ω0) and J2(2ω0).
Interval from loop electrosurgical excision procedure to pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes.

OBJECTIVE:Previous studies have shown mixed results for pregnancy outcomes after loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP); however, evidence is lacking regarding the pregnancy outcome of spontaneous abortion with respect to time elapsed from LEEP to pregnancy. We investigated risks of spontane
Effects of Long-Chain Triglyceride Emulsions on Reticuloendothelial System Function in Humans

Parenteral administration of long-chain triglyceride emulsions has been shown to have deleterious effects on reticuloendothelial system function in animal models. It is unknown whether this interference occurs in humans with clinically relevant doses of intravenous fat. Two studies were done. Eighteen patients were prospectively enrolled for study. Patients received full feeding by continuous total parenteral nutrition (amino acids 1.5 g/kg/day and dextrose 4.5 g/kg/day) with 33.1 kcal/kg/day. Forty-three % of the nonprotein calories were provided as soybean oil emulsion (Travamulsion 20%) and was administered intravenously over 10 hr (0.130 g/kg/hr). Reticuloendothelial system function was determined by measuring the change in the clearance rate of intravenously injected 99mTc-sulfur colloid (TSC) in each patient. In study 1 (n = 10), one day of lipid (10 hr) was infused, with the clearance of 99mTc-sulfur colloid measured before the lipid was infused and then during the last hour of the 10-hr infusion. In study 2 (n = 8), the clearance rates were measured before the lipid emulsion was begun, and then during the last hour of the infusion on the 3rd day. Clearance rates for TSC after 10 hr of lipid infusion in study 1 did not differ (0.27 +/- 1/min to 0.26 +/- 0.1/min, p greater than 0.10). However, after 3 days of lipid infusion (10 hr/day), a statistically significant reduction in TSC was seen (0.46 +/- 0.08/min-0.27 +/- 0.03/min, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
On the energetics of the mean and eddy circulations in the lower stratosphere

A hemispheric network of radiosonde stations is used in order to study the energetics of the lower stratosphere during the IGY period July 1957 through June 1958. For a hemispheric polar cap with 30 and 100 mb as top and bottom boundaries the balance equations of zonal and eddy kinetic energy, and zonal and eddy available potential energy are considered in detail. The eddies appear to build up the kinetic energy of the zonal flow at the expense of the eddy kinetic energy during all seasons. The eddies lose also eddy potential energy to the mean zonal distribution, in agreement with the abnormal upslope direction of the eddy heat transport. Thus, no source of energy for the eddy motions appears to be present in situ and the eddies must be forced by the circulation in the adjacent layers, probably by the tropospheric motions. The energy-cycle in the lower stratosphere is in many respects different from the one usually found in the troposphere, where, as is well known, eddy kinetic energy is destroyed by friction and the energy source is found in the creation of zonal available potential energy by radiation and the subsequent baroclinic processes. For the 100-30 mb layer the necessary kinetic energy is supplied by interaction at the top and/or bottom boundaries, while ultimately the energy is destroyed in the form of zonal available potential energy by radiation. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1964.tb00169.x
Ultrasound imaging to monitor photothermal therapy – Feasibility study

This study investigates the feasibility of ultrasound imaging to monitor temperature changes during photothermal treatment. Experiments were performed on tissue-mimicking phantoms and ex-vivo animal tissue samples. Gold nanoparticles were utilized as photoabsorbers. Prior to laser irradiation, structural features of the phantoms and tissue were visualized by ultrasound imaging. Ultrasound thermal imaging, performed during laser heating, showed that the temperature elevation was localized to the region of embedded or injected nanoparticles. The results of our study suggest that ultrasound imaging is a candidate approach to remotely guide photothermal therapy.
Lagrangian predictability in the DWH region from HF radar observations and model output

Abstract Predictability of surface drifter trajectories in the Deep Water Horizon oil spill region is used as a criterion for optimizing the parameters of the 2d variational (2dVar) interpolation of high-frequency radar (HFR) data, and assessing the accuracy of the surface currents' simulations by regional models. It is shown that penalizing the magnitude and enforcing smoothness of the divergence field significantly increases the Lagrangian predictability of the 2dVar output at the forecast times of 3–9 days while preserving it at the shorter forecast times. Applying preliminary gap-filling technique based on the analysis of spatial correlations of the radial velocities adds an extra 1–2% to the 2dVar forecast skill. Comparison of the forecast skills provided by the 2dVar interpolation of the HFR data and the assimilative solutions of the Navy Coastal Ocean Model demonstrates 25–30% better skill of the 2dVar product, indicating potential benefits of assimilating HFR data into regional models.
The enhancement of resistance of the American eel, Anguilla rostrata Le Sueur, to a pathogenic bacterium, Aeromonas hydrophila, by an extract of the tunicate, Ecteinascidia turbinata

. Extracts of the tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinate were used in preventing Aeromono hydrophila infection in the American eel, Anguilla rostrata. Intraperitoneal injection of the extract 2 days after bacterial challenge was shown to increase dramatically eel phagocytic activity and resistance to disease. Intravenous injection of the extract 2 days post-bacterial injection was shown to increase antibody titres. This study helps to substantiate the possible use of E. turbinata extract in treating eel diseases. The exact nature of its protective effect will be dependent on the time and route of its delivery.
Seasonal changes in the stonefly (Plecoptera) component of the diet profile of trout in Big Hunting Creek, Maryland, USA

The stonefly (Plecoptera) component of the trout diet profile was studied by analyzing 172 stomach pump samples collected between February, 1986, and December, 1989, in Big Hunting Creek, Maryland. Samples were obtained from a naturally reproducing population of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and a stocked population of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) caught between the boundaries of Catoctin Mountain Park and Cunningham Falls State Park. Eighty‐one of the samples contained a total of 1596 Plecoptera, 88% of which were adults. Twenty species were identified representing 7 families and 15 genera, with the dominant species being the winter stonefly, Allocapnia nivicola. Approximately 93% of the Plecoptera were represented by the winter stonefly species Allocapnia nivicola, A. granulata, A. recta, A. rickeri, Paracapnia angulata and Taeniopteryx maura. Recorded as a percentage of the total number of items recovered per month, stoneflies account for 47% (December), 82% (January), 70% (February), and 57% (Marc...
Short-term impact of a voluntary health intervention on overall vs. preventive healthcare consumption

Healthtrac Rewards is a US-based, workplace wellness intervention promoting healthy behaviour through voluntary self-reporting of participants' dietary habits, physical activity and medical concerns. Monthly financial incentives encourage either primary participation or secondary participation requiring additional interaction with Healthtrac personnel. Using data from 17 533 eligible employees, the purpose of the study was to determine whether Healthtrac participants consumed fewer healthcare services, as measured by 2004 medical claim costs or numbers of procedures, relative to non-participants. High-cost individuals tended to self-select into the programme. Costs were 22–27% greater among participants after controlling for other factors. Participants consumed more preventive care, however, which was correlated with reduced future procedures. The secondary intervention was more effective than the primary intervention, suggesting a priority on increasing intensity of involvement vs. basic enrolment.
Phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa adherent to plastic, agar, or glass

Phagocytic cells may encounter bacteria in vivo that are stationary or adherent to a surface. In this study, recently developed in vitro techniques were adapted to evaluate the interaction of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) with adherent Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. By measuring the uptake of radiolabeled bacteria, we found that normal human PMN readily phagocytize these organisms when they are attached to plastic or when they are grown on the surface of nutrient agar. Bacteria adherent to glass elicited a chemiluminescent response, and such organisms were phagocytized and killed by PMN. Opsonization of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was not required for surface phagocytosis, chemiluminescence, or killing. These new methods should allow evaluation of certain biological and clinical aspects of surface phagocytosis in host defense.
Melanosis of the cervix

Benign and malignant melanotic cervical lesions are rare and require biopsy to rule out melanoma. Reported is a case of cervical melanosis, defined as benign epithelial pigmentation.
Cross Characteristic Projective Representations for Some Classical Groups

Let G(pn) be a finite simple group of Lie type and let V be a projective irreducible representation of G(pn) over a field of characteristic different from p. Lower bounds for the dimension of V have been computed in [V. Landazuri and G. M. Seitz, J. Algebra32 (1974), 418–433] and [G. M. Seitz and A. E. Zalesskii, J. Algebra158 (1993), 233–243] and have recently been improved in the case of linear groups by R. Guralnick and P. H. Tiep [Proc. London Math. Soc. (3)78 (1999), 116–138] and in the case of characteristic zero representations in [P. H. Tiep and A. Zalesskii, Comm. Algebra24 (1996), 2093–2167]. The purpose of this paper is to improve the bounds in [G. M. Seitz and A. E. Zalesskii, J. Algebra158 (1993), 233–243] for the case of orthogonal groups and to provide estimates for the gap between the smallest representations for orthogonal and unitary groups.
Differential Activity of ELAV-like RNA-binding Proteins in Human Neuroblastoma

Many short-lived mRNAs contain AU-rich instability elements within their 3'-untranslated region. Cellular factors that bind to these elements are thought to play a role in the regulation of mRNA degradation. In the accompanying paper (Chagnovich, D., and Cohn, S. L. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 33580-33586) we characterized the binding activity of a 40-kDa protein (p40) that interacts with high specificity with at least two AU-rich elements located within the 3'-untranslated region of N-myc. p40 activity correlates with N-myc mRNA stability in subclones of the NBL-W neuroblastoma cells line (W-N and W-S). In an effort to determine the identity of p40 we performed immunoblotting studies, immunoprecipitation experiments, and RNA gel mobility shift assays using antibodies that are directed against known RNA-binding proteins. In this paper we demonstrate that in W-N and W-S cells, p40 activity parallels the expression of embryonic letal abnormal vision (ELAV)-like proteins, and that antibodies directed against this family of RNA-binding proteins recognize p40. We also show that purified ELAV-like proteins (HuD and Hel-N1) bind with high specificity to the same N-myc 3'-untranslated region sequences as p40. Our data indicate that p40 is a member of the ELAV-like family, and suggest that this family of RNA-binding proteins may regulate N-myc mRNA turnover.
Aneurysmal Dilatation of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in a Case of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

A case of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in a 3-year-old Chinese girl is described. She had aneurysmal dilatation of patent ductus arteriosus. Resection of the dilated patent ductus arteriosus was performed successfully using cardiopulmonary bypass with total circulatory arrest.
Nonuniqueness for a bounded, differentiable complete orthonormal system inL 2[0, 1]

The argument of Musegian and Ovsepjan is adapted to produce a complete orthonormal system on [0, 1] of uniformly bounded functions, differentiable on [0, 1], andC∞ on [0, 1], for which the analogue of Cantor's uniqueness theorem is false. We also construct a complete orthonormal system ofC∞ functions which vanish to infinite order at both endpoints.
Capture of negative muons in atoms

The frictional force derived from the stopping power of an electron gas is used in the classical equation of motion for the negative muons. We calculate the energy spectrum of the captured muons and the angular momentum distribution of muons at the energy of the electronic K orbit. The resulting P(l) distribution closely resembles the statistical 2l+1 distribution.
Dynamic mechanical properties of polyvinyl acetate

Abstract The real and imaginary components of the complex compliance have been measured between 30 and 5100 cycles/sec. at nine temperatures between 50°C. and 90°C. on an unfractionated sample of polyvinyl acetate (Mn = 140,000, Mw = 420,000). The results superpose by the method of reduced variables to give composite curves covering the transition from rubberlike to glasslike consistency as a function of frequency at 75°C. From these, the reduced curves for the real and imaginary parts of the complex shear modulus, and the real part of the complex viscosity, have been calculated. Earlier data of Mead and Fuoss on dielectric dispersion and dielectric loss of polyvinyl acetate have been reduced to 75°C. in the same manner, and the mechanical and electrical reduction factors are found to be identical. The apparent activation energy for mechanical and electrical relaxation increases sharply with decreasing temperature, as observed for other polymers. Distribution functions of mechanical relaxation and retardation times, and of electrical relaxation times, have been calculated from both real and imaginary components of modulus, compliance, and dielectric constant, respectively. The results of the approximation formulas of Williams and Ferry and of Schwarzl and Staverman are found to be closely similar. The electrical relaxation spectrum is somewhat flatter, and lies at shorter times, than the mechanical retardation spectrum.
De novo initiation codon mutation (ATG→ACG) of the β‐globin gene causing β‐thalassemia in a swiss family

Investigation of microcytic anemia with normal ferrous status in two members (father and daughter) of a Swiss family originating from Bern revealed high levels of HbA2 (4%, 7.3%) and HbF (3.2%, 3.1%). Direct sequence analysis of asymmetrically amplified DNA showed the ATG-->ACG mutation in the intiation codon of the beta-globin gene. Heterozygous beta-thalassemia was not found in either of the propositus's parents or in any of his brothers and sisters. Extended restriction fragment length polymorphism haplotyping of the beta chromosomes led us to the conclusion of a recent spontaneous mutation in the paternal germ cell. The results of routine HLA and blood group testing supported the stated paternity. We also found that the intragenic sequence polymorphisms (frameworks) are not always in linkage disequilibrium with the Bam HI polymorphism downstream from the beta-globin gene as previously observed. This is the second family found to carry this initiation codon mutation in the beta-globin gene. Unlike the first reported family, of Yugoslavian origin, our patients have high HbF levels and this in the absence of a C-->T substitution at -158 site 5' to G gamma.
AT1 Receptor Antagonism to Reduce Aortic Expansion in Marfan Syndrome Lost in Translation or in Need of Different Interpretation

Marfan syndrome is an inherited autosomal dominant disorder of the connective tissue caused by mutations in the gene encoding fibrillin-1 ( FBN1 ).1,2 This disease has affected the ATVB community with the loss of 1 of our highly respected members, David Williams.3 The most devastating health issues of patients with Marfan syndrome are dissection and rupture of the proximal aorta. Aortic dimensions are routinely monitored in patients with Marfan syndrome, and surgical graft imposition is performed to sustain life. However, surgical intervention is a formidable process. To abrogate surgical repair, there is a desperate need for a medical approach for attenuating aortic expansion. Presently, patients with Marfan syndrome are routinely provided with β-adrenoceptor blockade. This standard of care is derived from the study of Shores et al.4 However, the benefit derived from administration of β-adrenoceptor blockade is far from established. Although FBN1 is a component of extracellular matrix, mutations in this protein do not directly promote the structural fragility that characterizes the specific aortic regions of patients with Marfan syndrome. Instead, a concept has developed that Fbn1 mutations lead to enhanced transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) activation that is the mechanistic basis of Marfan pathology. This concept originated from the demonstration that Fbn1 deficiency led to excessive activation of TGF-β signaling because of reduced binding, sequestration, and inactivation of TGF-β.5 Activation of TGF-β in Fbn1 -deficient mice was associated with a lung pathology similar to that observed in some patients with Marfan syndrome. This paradigm of FBN1 regulation of TGF-β activation was extended to aortic disease by generating heterozygous mice that express a C1039G mutation.6 These mice develop pronounced dilation of the ascending aorta associated with thickened media containing disrupted elastin fibers. In this model, the major proof of concept for the role of …
THE EVALUATION OF TWO-CENTER INTEGRALS APPEARING IN MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS INVOLVING SIMONS TYPE MODEL POTENTIALS.

Abstract The evaluation of integrals appearing in molecular orbital calculations using Simons type model potentials involving more than one center is described. The tractability of the Barnett-Coulson approach to such integrals because of rapid convergence is demonstrated.
Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy in the Very Low-birthweight Neonate

The transition from fetal to neonatal life is associated with major changes in water and electrolyte homeostasis. Fluid and electrolyte management is particularly challenging for very preterm neonates in whom water loss is large, highly variable, and, in large part, not subject to feedback control. In addition, preterm neonates’ kidneys have a more limited ability to compensate for water and electrolyte imbalances than term neonates. Insensible water loss is a much larger component of the total water requirement in extremely preterm infants than in term infants. The weight loss seen in preterm infants during the first postnatal week results, in large part, from an abrupt and absolute decrease in total body water volume, and hyperkalemia is a common finding in the first 24 to 72 hours after birth. Fluid and electrolyte adaptation in most very low-birthweight newborns generally occurs in three phases, and awareness of the changes associated with each phase can aid clinicians in determining appropriate adjustments in fluid and electrolyte therapy.
Method for screening ecdysone-inducible stable cell lines.

Ecdysone-inducible systems are useful tools to study the function of various genes in different types of mammalian cells. However, it is technically difficult to establish stable cell lines. This i...
"Expert Rhetorics" in Advocacy for Endangered Languages: Who Is Listening, and What Do They Hear?

During the last decade, many linguists and linguistic anthropologists have participated in a campaign of advocacy on behalf of endangered languages. Robins and Uhlenbeck (1992), Hale et al. (1992), Nettle and Romaine (2000), and Crystal (2000) are among many examples of a literature aimed at a wide audience mat includes scholars, students, and community members. The goal of this campaign is to recruit scholars to efforts at documentation and development; to increase general public understanding of language endangerment; to attract funds in support of efforts by communities to reclaim, maintain, and develop their heritage languages; and to assist communities in refining these efforts. In some ways, the campaign has been successful. The most important media discuss the issue from time to time, small grant funds to support community efforts have been developed, and scholarly interest in documenting endangered languages has certainly increased. The present article, however, is not about these successes. Instead, it critiques ways in which linguists and anthropologists may unwittingly undermine their own vigorous advocacy of endangered languages by a failure to think carefully about the multiple audiences who may hear and read advocacy rhetoric. Community language workers, speakers, and other members of local groups are both participants and overhearers in a global conversation about language endangerment in which the voices of academics and policymakers are especially prominent. How might this global conversation resonate for members of communities that are custodians of endangered languages—communities that are themselves a diverse audience? Do they find it empowering and encouraging, unintelligible and alienating, or something in between? Can they borrow from it to conduct their own advocacy, or do they prefer to use quite different discourses? What is needed is fieldwork that explores these questions specifically. In this article, I develop some questions that such work might take up by examining some of the discursive practices of the global
FILLER-GAP DEPENDENCIES AND ISLAND CONSTRAINTS IN SECOND-LANGUAGE SENTENCE PROCESSING

Second-language (L2) sentence processing may differ from processing in a native language in a variety of ways, and it has been argued that one major difference is that L2 learners can only construct shallow representations that lack structural details (e.g., Clahsen & Felser, 2006). The present study challenges this hypothesis by comparing the extent to which advanced L1 Spanish-L2 English learners and English native speakers make use of the relative clause island constraint in constructing filler-gap dependencies. In offline acceptability judgment and online self-paced reading experiments that used stimuli adapted from Traxler and Pickering (1996), both the L2 group and the native-speaker control group demonstrated clear evidence for application of the relative clause island constraint. These findings suggest that advanced L2 learners not only build abstract structural representations but also rapidly constrain the active search for a gap location. These results cast doubt on the proposal that L2 learners are unable to build structural representations with grammatical precision.
Data streaming: very low overhead communication for fine-grained multicomputing

Recent developments have greatly reduced network latencies in multiprocessor networks. Thus, software overhead is becoming the primary cost of multiprocessor communication. This paper proposes data streaming-a technique which places explicit send and receive instructions in the user code-as a means to cut software overhead to a minimum. Data streaming has the added benefit that it can tighten the coupling between processors by reducing the message size to that of a single data item. This paper presents experimental results that indicate data streaming can cut software overhead to less than one instruction per byte of data transmitted.
Strength behavior of materials at high pressures

Abstract Strength is an important aspect of material behavior for armor performance, planetary science, and accurate property measurement under quasi-isentropic loading and static high pressure. The advent of time-resolved diagnostics allowed the elastic–plastic behavior of solids under shock loading to be detected for the first time. These early experiments revealed a two-wave structure of elastic and plastic shock waves for stresses above the elastic limit. However, the full stress state in the shocked state remained unknown because the conservation equations provide only the longitudinal stress. Since then, a variety of techniques has been used to determine strength in the shocked state. One of the most successful has been using shock/release and shock/reload to find the stress state and strength in the shocked condition. This technique has been applied to a variety of metals and ceramics at stresses of 100 GPa or higher. These experiments have revealed a rich set of behaviors, many of which are still not fully understood. Recently, there has been significant interest in isentropic loading where the material can be significantly cooler and strength even more important. In this paper, we present a current perspective on strength under high pressures, particularly in the dynamic regime, with emphasis on the techniques used to measure strength and their advantages and disadvantages. Results of strength measurements on several materials will be discussed, and interesting aspects of behavior will be highlighted. In addition, shock results will be contrasted with those under isentropic loading. Finally, some new directions in the study of strength will be outlined.
The Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Response to Exercise in Adolescent Swimmers.

Objective: Whether or not individuals with allergy and asthma experience different patterns of change in the balance of both pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators with acute exercise is not known. We hypothesized that adolescent swimmers with a clinical diagnosis of respiratory allergy would have an exaggerated proinflammatory response to laboratory exercise relative to a no-allergy comparison group. Methods: Adolescent swimmers (17 with clinical symptoms of respiratory allergy (CSRA) and 17 in comparison group) completed the American Thoracic Society (ATS) exercise challenge on cycle ergometer. Blood was collected at baseline and immediately post-exercise. All study tests were conducted at the Institute for Clinical Translational Science at the University of California, Irvine. Circulating cytokines, growth factors, and adhesion molecules were measured using ELISAs including transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-10, P-selectin, and immunogl...
Land trust defense and enforcement of conserved areas

Achieving conservation goals in protected areas hinges on continual monitoring, enforcement, and legal defense. In an era of devolved governance, nonprofit land trusts have become increasingly important. Yet, their approaches to legal defense of conserved areas are relatively unknown. A national survey of 205 land trusts provides the first quantitative data on the types, costs, and outcomes of major legal challenges. Half of land trusts reported a legal challenge, and one-quarter of those land trusts were hindered by financial barriers in pursuing a legal challenge. Interviews with land trust staff revealed the necessary conditions for pursuing legal defense including organizational capacity, community support, and persuasive property claims. Results indicate the importance of stewardship endowments and the need for greater land trust capacity and accountability. Donors, agency funders, and the public should support thoughtful, contextually appropriate, and powerful enforcement actions to ensure conservation objectives over the long term.
Binding of 14-3-3 reader proteins to phosphorylated DNMT1 facilitates aberrant DNA methylation and gene expression

Mammalian DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) is essential for maintenance methylation. Phosphorylation of Ser143 (pSer143) stabilizes DNMT1 during DNA replication. Here, we show 14-3-3 is a reader protein of DNMT1pSer143. In mammalian cells 14-3-3 colocalizes and binds DNMT1pSer143 post-DNA replication. The level of DNMT1pSer143 increased with overexpression of 14-3-3 and decreased by its depletion. Binding of 14-3-3 proteins with DNMT1pSer143 resulted in inhibition of DNA methylation activity in vitro. In addition, overexpression of 14-3-3 in NIH3T3 cells led to decrease in DNMT1 specific activity resulting in hypomethylation of the genome that was rescued by transfection of DNMT1. Genes representing cell migration, mobility, proliferation and focal adhesion pathway were hypomethylated and overexpressed. Furthermore, overexpression of 14-3-3 also resulted in enhanced cell invasion. Analysis of TCGA breast cancer patient data showed significant correlation for DNA hypomethylation and reduced patient survival with increased 14-3-3 expressions. Therefore, we suggest that 14-3-3 is a crucial reader of DNMT1pSer143 that regulates DNA methylation and altered gene expression that contributes to cell invasion.
The diagnosis of myocardial infarction in the Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome

failure. Acad Emerg Med 2009;16:201–10. [6] SperandeoM,VarrialeA, SperandeoG, et al. Assessmentof ultrasoundacoustic artifacts in patients with acute dyspnea: a multicenter study. Acta Radiol 2012;53:885–92. [7] SperandeoM, Varriale A, Sperandeo G, et al. Transthoracic ultrasound in the evaluation of pulmonary fibrosis: our experience. Ultrasound Med Biol 2009;35:723–9. [8] Wang Z, Xiong YX. Lung sound patterns help to distinguish congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma exacerbations. Acad Emerg Med 2012;19:79–84. [9] Edmonds PM, Rogers A, Addington-Hall JM, McCoy A, Coats AJ, Gibbs JS. Patient descriptions of breathlessness in heart failure. Int J Cardiol 2005;98:61–6.
Random and Raster: Display Technologies and the Development of Videogames

Videogame developers have utilized many types of display technology, from oscilloscopes to Teletypes to high-definition LCD displays. Two significant early display technologies, raster scan and random scan CRTs, played a significant part in the history and evolution of videogames. A study of these technologies shows how the choice of one or the other, and the need to port games between the two, influenced game design and prompted developers to innovate.
Effect of Various Natural Products on Growth of Bladder Cancer Cells: Two Promising Mushroom Extracts

Despite the availability of several therapeutic options, a safer and more effective modality is urgently needed for treatment of bladder cancer. Specific immunotherapy is effective, but severe side effects limit its clinical use and underscore the need for unconventional therapies using less toxic substances. Many natural substances are touted for their medicinal aspects and side effect profiles, and some of these have been well characterized for their biological and medicinal properties. Accordingly, the effects on bladder cancer cells in vitro were investigated. Eight commercially available natural products were tested for possible effects on the growth of human bladder cancer T24 cells. This study demonstrated that two mushroom extracts, GD- and PL-fractions, induced a significant (>90%) growth reduction in 72 hours, whereas the remaining six products had no effect. Interestingly, non-toxic concentrations of the GD- or PL-fractions, when combined with a non-toxic concentration of vitamin C, became highly cytotoxic, resulting in >90-percent cell death. Thus, vitamin C appears to act synergistically with these fractions to potentiate their bioactivity (cytotoxicity). No other products tested demonstrated such a synergistic potentiation with vitamin C. The present study indicates that GD- and PLfractions appear to have the most potent cytotoxic effect on human bladder cancer T24 cells. It is thus plausible that these substances could be used, solely or combined with conventional modalities, for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. (Altern Med Rev 2007;12(1):63-68)
Scene Radiance–Dependent Intersatellite Biases of HIRS Longwave Channels

Abstract Measurements from the simultaneous nadir overpass (SNO) observations of the High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) are examined. The SNOs are the measurements taken at the orbital intersections of each pair of satellites viewing the same Earth target within a few seconds at high latitudes. The dataset includes satellites from NOAA-6 through NOAA-17 from 1981 to 2004. The authors found that for many channels, intersatellite biases vary significantly with respect to scene radiances. For a number of these channels, the change of the intersatellite bias within a channel can be larger than 1 mW (m2 sr cm−1)−1, which is approximately 1 K in brightness temperature, across the channel scene radiance ranges. Many of the channels with large variations of intersatellite biases are the tropospheric sounding channels centered along the sharp slope of the transmission line. These channels are particularly sensitive to the difference in spectral response functions from satellite to satellite. This ra...
Pectoralis major transosseous equivalent repair with knotless anchors: Technical note and literature review

Introduction: Rupture of the pectoralis major (PM) tendon was initially described almost 2 centuries ago, but most of the reported injuries have occurred within the last 30 years. Options for repair have varied widely. The most common methods for repair depend on either transosseous sutures or suture anchors for fixation. Transosseous suture repair allows for docking the tendon into a trough at its anatomic insertion, but risks cortical breakage during suture passing. Our experience has confirmed the value and potential advantages of anchors for a secure fixation. Aims: To describe a variation of repair using knotless suture anchors and a burred trough to dock the tendon into its anatomic insertion. Conclusion: We describe a technique of a transosseous equivalent PM repair technique. To our knowledge, this is the first paper describing such a repair technique for PM rupture.
Cloning and expression of AtPLC6, a gene encoding a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C in Arabidopsis thaliana

A full-length cDNA clone corresponding to a putative phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) was isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana by screening a cDNA library and using RT-PCR strategy. The cDNA, designated AtPLC6, encodes a putative polypeptide of 578 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 66251.84 D and a pI of 7.24. The sequence analysis indicates that the polypeptide contains X, Y, EF-hand and C2 domains. The overall structure of putative AtPLC6 protein, like other plant PI-PLCs, is most similar to that of mammalian PLCS. The recombinant AtPLC6 protein expressed in E. coli was able to hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biophosphate (PIP2) to generate inositol 1,4,5-trisphate (TP3) and 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG). The protein hydrolyzes PIP2 in a Ca2+-dependent manner and the optimum concentration of Ca2+ is 10 μmol/L. These results suggested that AtPLC6 gene encodes a genuine PI-PLC. Northern blot analysis showed that the AtPLC6 gene is expressed at low level in all examined tissues, such as roots, stems, leaves, flowers, siliques and seedlings under normal growth conditions. The gene is strongly induced under low temperature and weakly induced under various stresses, such as ABA, high-salt stress and heat. These results suggested that AtPLC6 might be involved in the signal-trans-duction pathways of cold responses of the plants.