cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
dismembering Yugoslavia: nationalist ideologies and the symbolic revival of genocide

The violent dismemberment of Yugoslavia has added the term “ethnic cleansing” to the global vocabulary. This article interprets the ideological and historical context within which these practices erupted, focusing on the symbolic dynamics of genocide as a critical underlying issue in the ethnic war that began in Croatia in 1991, spreading to Bosnia-Herzegovina the following year. The World War II Croatian state's extermination policy against Serbs is examined in terms of the history and structural logic of mutually exclusive 19th-century Serbian and Croatian nation-state ideologies. The post-Titoist revival of these ideologies was involved with symbolic revivals of both the wartime Croatian state and the memory of genocide, but with contrary meanings for Serbs and Croats. The “forgotten” burial sites of massacre victims provided a powerful reservoir of traumatic memory, subject to manipulation on the part of all who seized the “disjunctive moment” to reconstitute the state according to nationalist definitions. [nationalist ideology, genocide, ethnic conflict, cultural memory, Eastern Europe, Yugoslavia]
MVAMIN: mean value analysis algorithms for multistage interconnection networks

Abstract A new approach to the modeling of multistage interconnection networks (MIN) based on queueing theory is presented in this paper. The network operates in an asynchronous, decentralized packet-switched mode and has buffers at each queueing center. The analytical approach involves basically three steps, namely, the building of a closed multiclass queueing model for the MIN system, the derivation of input parameters for the model, and finally solving the model using a heuristic mean value analysis algorithm. Networks operating in both tightly coupled and loosely coupled environments are analyzed. Separate networks are assumed for packets from processors to memories and from memories to processors in the case of a tightly coupled system. We derive a set of routing equations corresponding to the probabilities of memory requests through which systems with arbitrary memory reference patterns can be analyzed. Here, N is the number of processors or memories with n = log2N number of stages. An approximate technique of aggregation is also developed to significantly reduce the computational complexity of the above analysis while maintaining the accuracy of the model. The accuracy of our models has been verified by comparing the analytical results with those obtained from simulation. The simulations are based on 95% confidence level with a relative confidence interval width of 0.005.
Award-Winning Faculty at a Faith-Based Institution

Exploring the development of excellent teachers could contribute to the revision of current practices in faculty recruitment, evaluation, workload expectations, and reward systems. This grounded theory study examined the professional careers of nine award-winning faculty members of a faith-based institution of higher education. The data, collected through multiple qualitative strategies, led to the identification of three themes—(a) calling, (b) conviction, and (c) career satisfaction—and grounded the development of the Sabbatical Mirror Theory. The theoretical model outlines the progression of excellent teachers in a faith-based institution and emphasizes the value of time for reflection and rest from the demands of teaching.
Direct and indirect effects of fish on pelagic nitrogen and phosphorus availability in oligotrophic Arctic Alaskan lakes.

The importance of fish nutrient recycling for lake primary production increases with lake productivity. However, fish in low-productivity lakes may have substantial indirect effects on nutrient recycling from lower trophic levels. We measured nutrient excretion rates from fish and zooplankton in oligotrophic Arctic lakes and investigated direct and indirect fish effects on consumer nutrient recycling. Fish nutrient excretion rates were small relative to phytoplankton nutrient demand. Zooplankton excretion, however, supplied 19%–130% and 37%–200% of phytoplankton nitrogen and phosphorus demand, respectively. Fish had a significant effect on zooplankton biomass; in lakes with fish, this was approximately 80% lower than in lakes without fish. The difference in zooplankton biomass was due primarily to a decrease in zooplankton density; no significant difference in average zooplankton size was observed between fish and fishless lakes. Fish also impacted zooplankton community composition; communities in lakes w...
Unsteady State Heat Transfer from Cylinders to Air in Normal and Parallel Flow

Transient temperature measurements were made to determine the Nusselt number for both normal and parallel air flow over cylinders. The cylinders were fine polymer fibers, and the temperatures were determined with an infrared camera. The experimental results for normal flow agree with the well-established correlation of McAdams. For parallel flow, the results lie between the predictions of previous researchers. Unlike the work described herein, previous investigators used equilibrium conditions as a basis for determining Nusselt numbers. Our transient measurements showed that the Nusselt number is not strongly dependent on the transient character of temperature difference.
Rational emotive behavior therapy research: What we know and what we need to know

Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) has achieved positive results in quantitative reviews of treatment outcome studies. In part because of methodological limitations of these studies, however, the generalizability of their favorable results to routine clinical practice is unknown. Also unknown are the clinical significance of outcomes achieved by REBT, the contribution made by its distinctive and specialized procedures, and the types of patients for whom REBT is particularly useful. Recommendations are provided for refining our knowledge of the effectiveness of REBT.
Why Institutions Systematically Underperform Broadly Based Market Indexes

The reason institutions underperform the indexes is that they are hiring the wrong manager and using the wrong incentives to motivate those managers. The interview/presentation process selects money managers with interpersonal skills that would help them succeed in most managerial positions, but that are either irrelevant or harmful for managing money. We provide a short questionnaire that can be used to select money managers. This questionnaire is intended to replace the interview process for selecting managers, but not to replace on-site investigation of back office operations. The monitoring process is also dysfunctional. By asking managers to justify unfamiliar investment, managers are discouraged from investing in obscure securities even if those investments would increase the risk adjusted returns portfolio. Instead, herding is encouraged where all managers are choosing similar stocks.
Possibilities for the evolution of the genetic code from a preceding form.

Analysis of the interaction between mRNA codons and tRNA anticodons suggests a model for the evolution of the genetic code. Modification of the nucleic acid following the anticodon is at present essential in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes to ensure fidelity of translation of codons starting with A, and the amino acids which could be coded for before the evolution of the modifying enzymes can be deduced.
Goth: Undead Subculture

Lauren M. E. Goodlad and Michael Bibby (Eds) Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2007 ISBN 978‐0‐8223‐3921‐2 (paperback), 978‐0‐8223‐3908‐3 (cloth) 456 pp., $25.95 (trade paperback), $94.95 (library...
Cardiovascular Disease Risk of Abdominal Obesity vs. Metabolic Abnormalities

It remains unclear whether abdominal obesity increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk independent of the metabolic abnormalities which often accompany it. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the independent effects of abdominal obesity versus metabolic syndrome and diabetes on the risk for incident coronary heart disease and stroke. The Framingham Offspring, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities, and Cardiovascular Health studies were pooled to assess the independent effects of abdominal obesity (waist circumference >102 cm for men and >88 cm for women) versus metabolic syndrome (excluding the waist circumference criterion) and diabetes on risk for incident coronary heart disease and stroke in 20,298 men and women aged ≥45 years. The average follow-up was 8.3 (standard deviation 1.9) years. There were 1,766 CVD events. After adjustment for demographic factors, smoking, alcohol intake, number of metabolic syndrome components and diabetes, abdominal obesity was not significantly associated with an increased risk of CVD (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.09 [0.98, 1.20]). However, after adjustment for demographics, smoking, alcohol intake, and abdominal obesity, having 1–2 metabolic syndrome components, the metabolic syndrome, and diabetes were each associated with a significantly increased risk of CVD (2.12 [1.80, 2.50], 2.82 [1.92, 4.12] and 5.33 [3.37, 8.41], respectively). Although abdominal obesity is an important clinical tool for identification of individuals likely to possess metabolic abnormalities, these data suggest that the metabolic syndrome and diabetes are considerably more important prognostic indicators of CVD risk.
The Columbia Social Essay

The hegemony of the United States in the world, New York in the United States, and Columbia University in New York provided for a triple hegemony in intellectual life for a number of intellectuals/professors, whose primary format was the social essay. Open in content, critical in tone, diffusely left or progressive in orientation, the Columbia social essayists (Lionel Trilling, Daniel Bell, Meyer Schapiro, Richard Hofstadter, C. Wright Mills) provided the dominant discourse on moral and intellectual issues during the height of postwar American hegemony in the world system.
Stearyl-CoA desaturase of bovine mammary microsomes.

Abstract Stearyl-CoA desaturase from the microsomal fraction of lactating bovine mammary tissue had a specific activity of 0.4 nmoles oleate formed min−1 mg−1 protein. NADH was required for desaturase activity. However, oxidized NAD+ and NADP+ supported measurable desaturase activity. Km values for stearyl-CoA and NADH were 25.0 μ m and 3.0 μ m , respectively. Desaturase was depressed by increasing concentrations of other acyl-CoA esters, i.e., palmityl-CoA and oleyl-CoA (>10 μ m ). Sn-1,2 diglycerides (1–2.0 μ m ) depressed desaturase slightly in the order 0–20%, as did l -α-glycerolphosphate (0.2–3.6 μ m ). 1-Acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphorylcholine (>0.1 μ m ) depressed desaturase activity markedly. Sonication of the microsomal preparation stimulated desaturase activity. The addition of ethanol depressed desaturation, and EDTA inhibited desaturation. Palmityl CoA was equally desaturated by the microsomes. The acyl-CoA desaturase was very stable when stored at −30 °C as a freeze-dried microsomal preparation, i.e., activity was retained after 12-month storage. Labeled stearate and oleate were isolated as esters (triglycerides and phospholipids) and as free fatty acids, indicating the presence of acyl transferases and acyl-CoA hydrolase in mammary microsomes.
Long-term intraperitoneal deferoxamine for hemochromatosis

Intraperitoneal deferoxamine is a well-established treatment for aluminum accumulation syndrome in patients with end-stage renal disease receiving peritoneal dialysis, but the use of intraperitoneal deferoxamine has not been described outside of the setting of chronic renal failure. We present here a case of secondary hemochromatosis, complicated by cirrhosis and cardiomyopathy, in which a chronic peritoneal dialysis catheter was used both to treat ascites and to deliver parenteral deferoxamine for iron overload. Daily urinary iron excretion was similar to that achieved when using standard routes of deferoxamine administration. Over a 2-year period, reversal of both the biochemical indicators and the clinical manifestations of iron overload was accomplished.
Abstract PR-9: Characterization of colon cancer associated antigens which would be key therapeutic targets in the prevention of disease relapse or progression.

Colon cancer (CRC) is an immunogenic tumor and adaptive immunity may play a role in inhibiting disease relapse. A vaccine to boost cellular immunity in CRC patients could prevent disease recurrence, but there have been few defined immunogenic proteins identified as vaccine candidates. TVG has shown that overexpressed tumor associated proteins, abundant in the cancer state but expressed at basal levels in normal cells, can be immunogenic. We hypothesized that ideal candidate antigens would be ones already validated as prognostic markers in multivariate analysis. We performed a directed literature review using search words e.g. colon cancer, prognosis, biomarker, multivariate analysis. We selected a panel of eight proteins based on (1) incidence of expression, (2) independent predictor of poor prognosis, (3) independent predictor of early disease recurrence, and (4) known biologic function in CRC pathogenesis. Using a web based algorithm program developed by TVG, we identified peptides that were predicted to be high affinity binders across multiple HLA DR alleles. We selected and synthesized 19 peptides predicted to be the highest binders. We evaluated the potential immunogenicity of peptides with IFN-g ELISPOT assays using PBMC from CRC patients and normal controls. The eight proteins are: CDC25B, COX-2, EBAG9, EGFR, Fascin-1, IGF-1R, PRL-3 and VCP. Two of the eight proteins had already been shown to be human tumor antigens. For all candidate antigens there was a greater IFN-g response in CRC patients than in controls; for three proteins, this difference reached statistical significance. We then evaluated the efficacy of vaccination in reducing tumor formation in a mouse model of carcinogen induced CRC. FVB mice were vaccinated with PBS alone, adjuvant alone, or adjuvant plus peptide vaccine. Seven days after final immunization, mice were treated with AOM for 6 weeks, and all mice sacrificed at 25 weeks of age. Four antigens (COX-2 p Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr PR-9.
Compiler technology for future microprocessors

Advances in hardware technology have made it possible for microprocessors to execute a large number of instructions concurrently (i.e., in parallel). These microprocessors take advantage of the opportunity to execute instructions in parallel to increase the execution speed of a program. As in other forms of parallel processing, the performance of these microprocessors can vary greatly depending on the qualify of the software. In particular the quality of compilers can make an order of magnitude difference in performance. This paper presents a new generation of compiler technology that has emerged to deliver the large amount of instruction-level-parallelism that is already required by some current state-of-the-art microprocessors and will be required by more future microprocessors. We introduce critical components of the technology which deal with difficult problems that are encountered when compiling programs for a high degree of instruction-level-parallelism. We present examples to illustrate the functional requirements of these components. To provide more insight into the challenges involved, we present in-depth case studies on predicated compilation and maintenance of dependence information, two of the components that are largely missing from most current commercial compilers.
Microstructural Evolution of Melt Intercalated Polymer−Organically Modified Layered Silicates Nanocomposites

The microstructure of various (ordered and disordered) polymer−organically modified layered silicate hybrids, synthesized via static polymer melt intercalation, is examined with X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The ordered intercalates exhibit microstructures very similar to the unintercalated organically modified layered silicate (OLS). Polymer intercalation occurs as a front which penetrates the primary OLS particle from the external edge. The disordered hybrids, on the other hand, exhibit heterogeneous microstructures with increased layer disorder and spacing toward the polymer−primary particle boundary. In these hybrids, individual silicate layers are observed near the edge, whereas small coherent layer packets separated by polymer-filled gaps are prevalent toward the interior of the primary particle. The heterogeneous microstructure indicates that the formation of these disordered hybrids occur by a more complex process than simple sequential separation of individual layers sta...
p53 mutations and microsatellite instability in ovarian cancer: Yin and yang

Abstract Objective: We tested the hypothesis that p53 frameshift mutations in ovarian cancer occur as a result of genomic instability rather than as a proximal cause of this process. Study Design: Sequencing of the p53 tumor suppressor gene has been carried out on 305 ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancers. Two groups of p53 null mutations were identified: (1) those caused by frameshift insertion or deletion mutations (n = 31) and (2) those caused by nonsense mutations (n = 28). As a control group 59 tumors with p53 missense mutations were selected by matching with the p53 null tumors on the basis of patient age at diagnosis, stage and grade of cancer, cancer site, and year of diagnosis. Microsatellite instability was determined from paired normal and tumor tissue deoxyribonucleic acid by means of the following different markers: D2S123, D5S346, D17S250, BAT25, and BAT26. Amplimers from polymerase chain reactions were evaluated on 7% polyacrylamide gels. Results: The p53 null tumors were more likely to be of higher stage and grade. Fallopian tube cancers were more common ( P =.02) in the p53 frameshift group. The overall incidence of microsatellite instability was 39%, 36%, and 25% for tumors with p53 frameshift nonsense and missense mutations ( P =.30). Microsatellite instability was seen almost exclusively with ovarian cancer ( P =.04). Conclusions: Microsatellite instability is a relatively common event in ovarian cancer and is dependent on marker selection. The p53 frameshift mutations do not appear to occur as a consequence of genomic instability. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;184:891-903.)
Randomized, Controlled Trial of an Internet-Facilitated Intervention for Reducing Binge Eating and Overweight in Adolescents

OBJECTIVE. This study examined the efficacy of an Internet-facilitated intervention for weight maintenance and binge eating in adolescents. METHODS. A total of 105 adolescent male and female high school students at risk for overweight (mean age: 15.1 ± 1.0 years) were randomly assigned to a 16-week online intervention, StudentBodies2-BED (n = 52), or the wait-list control group (n = 53). RESULTS. Participants in the StudentBodies2-BED group had significantly lower BMI z scores and BMI from baseline assessment to follow-up assessment, compared with the wait-list control group. In addition, significant reductions in objective binge episodes and subjective binge episodes from baseline assessment to posttreatment assessment and from baseline assessment to follow-up assessment were observed among StudentBodies2-BED participants. The StudentBodies2-BED group also reported significantly reduced weight and shape concerns from posttreatment assessment to follow-up assessment and from baseline assessment to follow-up assessment. Participants in the StudentBodies2-BED group who engaged in objective overeating or binge eating episodes at baseline assessment experienced a significantly greater reduction in BMI at follow-up assessment, compared with the wait-list control group. CONCLUSIONS. Results suggest that an Internet-facilitated intervention is moderately effective in short-term weight loss and weight maintenance and yields a large reduction in binge eating. This study also demonstrates that weight management and reduction of eating disorder psychopathological features can be achieved simultaneously by using an easily disseminated, Internet-facilitated program.
Landau-Zener transitions in chains

We determine transition probabilities in two exactly solvable multistate Landau-Zener (LZ) models and discuss applications of our results to the theory of dynamic passage through a phase transition in the dissipationless quantum mechanical regime. In particular, we show that the statistics of particles in a new phase demonstrate scaling behavior. Our results also reveal a symmetry that we claim is a property of a large class of multistate LZ models, whose explicit solutions are not presently known. We support our arguments by direct numerical simulations.
A computational study of the sub-monolayer growth of pentacene

A computational study of organic thin-film growth using a combination of ab initio based energy calculations and kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations is provided. A lattice-based KMC model is used in which binding energies determine the relative rates of diffusion of the molecules. This KMC approach is used to present "landscapes" or "maps" that illustrate the possible structural outcomes of growing a thin film of small organic molecules, represented as a two-site dimer, on a substrate in which the strength of organic-substrate interactions is allowed to vary. KMC provides a mesoscopic-scale view of sub-monolayer deposition of organic thin films on model substrates, mapped out as a function of the flux of depositing molecules and the temperature of the substrate. The morphology of the crystalline thin films is shown to be a strong function of the molecule-molecule and molecule-substrate interactions. A rich variety of maps is shown to occur in which the small organic molecules either stand up or lie down in a variety of different patterns depending on the nature of the binding to the surface. In this way, it is possible to suggest how to tailor the substrate or the small organic molecule in order to create a desired growth habit. In order to demonstrate how this set of allowable maps is reduced in the case where the set of energy barriers between substrate and organic molecule are reliably known, we have used Gaussian 98 calculations to establish binding energies for the weak van der Waals interactions between a)-pairs of pentacene molecules as a function of orientation and b) pentacene and two substrates, silicon surfaces passivated with cyclopentene molecules and a crystalline model of silicon dioxide. The critical nucleation size and the mode of diffusion of this idealized two-site dimer model for pentacene molecules are found to be in good agreement with experimental data.
Colonization and epithelial adhesion in the pathogenesis of neonatal candidiasis

Candida species are important nosocomial pathogens in the newborn population, particularly among the premature very-low-birth-weight infants in neonatal intensive care units. Candida colonization of the neonatal skin and gastrointestinal tract is an important first step in the pathogenesis of invasive disease. C albicans is the most commonly isolated species in colonized or infected infants. Over the past decade the incidence of both colonization and infection with other Candida species, particularly C parapsilosis, has risen dramatically. Colonization of the infant occurs early in life and is affected by a variety of common practices in neonatal intensive care. Microbial factors also augment colonization, including the ability of Candida to adhere to human epithelium. A better understanding of the complex interactions between host risk factors and virulence traits of colonizing yeast may allow the risk of systemic spread to be reduced in the population of premature infants.
Inverted Duplications on Acentric Markers: Mechanism of Formation

Acentric inverted duplication (inv dup) markers, the largest group of chromosomal abnormalities with neocentromere formation, are found in patients both with idiopathic mental retardation and with cancer. The mechanism of their formation has been investigated by analyzing the breakpoints and the genotypes of 12 inv dup marker cases (three trisomic, six tetrasomic, two polysomic and one X chromosome derived marker) using a combination of fluorescence in situ hybridization, quantitative SNP array and microsatellite analysis. Inv dup markers were found to form either symmetrically with one breakpoint or asymmetrically with two distinct breakpoints. Genotype analyses revealed that all inv dup markers formed from one single chromatid end. This observation is incompatible with the previously suggested model by which the acentric inv dup markers form through inter-chromosomal U-type exchange. On the basis of the identification of DNA sequence motifs with inverted homologies within all observed breakpoint regions, a new general mechanism is proposed for the acentric inv dup marker formation: following a double-strand break an acentric fragment forms, during either meiosis or mitosis. The open DNA end of the acentric fragment is stabilized by the formation of an intra-chromosomal loop promoted by the presence of sequences with inverted homologies. Likely coinciding with the neocentromere formation, this stabilized fragment is duplicated during an early mitotic event, insuring the marker's survival during cell division and its presence in all cells.
Generalization of Quantum Mechanics

The possibility of generalizing quantum mechanics in such a way as to retain its predictive results, while comprehending additional solutions, is examined. It is found that this can be done through a perfected formal correspondence with Hamilton-Jacobi mechanics, by which one is led to consider generalizations of the Heisenberg postulate of the form ${p}_{k}{q}_{j}\ensuremath{-}{q}_{j}{p}_{k}=S{\ensuremath{\delta}}_{\mathrm{jk}}$, where $S$ is a quantum analog of Hamilton's principal function. The formalism is shown to be equivalent to a simple change in Hamiltonian, with transformed momentum operators satisfying conventional commutation relations, and with an additional relationship involving formal analogs of the classical "initial constants" adjoined. A particular choice of $S(=\frac{\ensuremath{\hbar}}{i})$ leads to a theory identical with wave mechanics a part from a constant (unobservable) phase factor on the wave function. The fact that $S$ may possess other, nonconstant values, demonstrated by a specific example, suggests the ability of the mechanical equations to describe a broader class of physical states than has hitherto been investigated.
Analysis of WiMAX bandwidth allocation mechanism considering physical conditions

The increasing development of mobile applications has changed the traditional demands of computer networks, which must now provide ubiquitous broadband wireless communication. In this context, IEEE 802.16 standardizes the physical and medium access control layers of the technology, aiming to allow network access in both nomadic and mobile scenarios. In this work we analyze the impact caused by overhead on the bandwidth allocation mechanism of WiMAX networks. Our main focus is to evaluate the number of SSs that can be served, and the influence of adaptive modulation and coding configuration. Finally, we discuss the importance of considering physical impairments in the process of designing a broadband wireless access network.
Flexible Transition Metal Oxide Electronics and Imprint Lithography

The previous chapters have discussed inorganic low-deposition temperature materials suitable for flexible applications, such as amorphous and nano-crystalline-silicon (Si) and organic conductors. This chapter presents the results of a recently developed inorganic low-temperature materials system, transition metal oxides (TMOs), that appears to be a very promising, new high-performance flexible electronic materials system. An equally, if not more, important part of this chapter, is the presentation of self-aligned imprint lithography (SAIL) a new fabrication method for flexible substrates that solves the layer-to-layer alignment problem. The new materials system is TMO based consisting of one or more transition metals and oxygen. Some of the more common examples include zinc oxide, zinc tin oxide (ZTO), indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) and zinc indium oxide (ZIO). These low-temperature amorphous materials can form the active material for transistors with a performance that significantly exceeds that of amorphous and nanocrystalline Si and approaches that of larger grain poly-Si without the complexities and uncontrolled variability of polycrystalline materials. Thus, this technology can be used to drive organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) as well as create electronic circuits, such as shift registers, ring oscillators, and multiplexers on chip. An added feature is the possibility of creating transparent electronics with such materials systems. The entire transistor including the electrodes and the active material can have visible transmittances of 70% or greater. Thus, for applications such as displays, the active electronics would not impact the visual appearance of device and the fill factor of displays with such electronics could approach 100%. Finally, there is the possibility of creating p-type transistors that would permit fabrication of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuits for flexible applications. Hence, the TMO material system possesses a number of intriguing new possible applications.
Regional differences in cardiac myocyte dimensions and number in Sprague-Dawley rats from different suppliers.

Previous experiments conducted in this laboratory have indicated that adult Sprague- Dawley rats obtained from Holtzman Company (H) have hearts that are significantly larger than those obtained from Charles River (CR). To investigate potential differences in cell size and number, isolated myocytes were prepared by retrograde coronary perfusion with collagenase. Cell volume (V) was measured with a Coulter Channelyzer, cell length (L) was measured directly, and cross-sectional area (CSA) was calculated from V/L. Cell number was calculated using data from isolated cells and whole-sectioned tissue. Although V for left and right ventricular myocytes was similar in CR and H rats, myocytes from CR tended to be shorter in L (P < O.Ol), but larger in CSA (N.S.) than myocytes obtained from H rats. In both H and CR, left ventricular V and CSA were greater (P < 0.01) in endomyocardium than epimyocardium and middle myocardium. Values for V and CSA of right ventricular myocytes were less (P < 0.01) than those from left ventricles in both H and CR. Hearts from H had 19% more myocytes than those from CR (P < 0.05). Values for cellular dimensions from CR generally showed less variability than those from H. We conclude that significant regional differences in myocyte size are present in rats from both H and CR. Hearts from H rats have significantly more myocytes than those from weight-matched CR rats. Therefore, investigators should be aware that differences in heart weight and myocyte number can be found in rats of the same strain, but obtained from different suppliers. o 1987
Regional Supplier Associations as the Producers of Transnational Club Goods in Latin American and Caribbean Utility Markets

There is growing the consensus that regional regulatory agencies provide regional club goods, however; there is little evidence of the impact of the collaborations of the utility providers themselves in the literature. Our study analyzes whether regional networks such as the Caribbean Electric Utility corporation contribute to solving energy issues in Latin America and the Caribbean. Networks of operators provide cross -border services, and operating as a single entity improves the lobbying opportunities of operators to influence policy. Results suggest that utilities that formed linkages or cooperation regionally are likely to benefit from such collaborations, but a comprehensive approach to capacity building and reform is needed to address the regions energy issues.
Using Analogies to Improve Elementary School Students' Inferential Reasoning About Scientific Concepts

Various scientific concepts were taught to students in the third through sixth grades. Some children were taught the concepts using instructional analogies. Each analogy explicitly compared the science concept to a more familiar topic. Other children received expository texts not containing analogies. Students were asked to recall the texts and to answer inference questions about the science concepts. Fourth- and sixth-grade students read the texts on their own in Experiment 1. Students who read the analogical text showed higher levels of performance on inference questions than students who received the non-analogical texts. In Experiment 2, texts were read aloud to third- and fifth-grade students. The analogical texts were read once, and the nonanalogical texts were read twice to equate the number of times students were exposed to the general principles governing the domains. As in Experiment 1, students who received the analogical texts demonstrated better inferential reasoning than students who received the non-analogical texts.
A New Species of Mimosa (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae) from Madagascar

ABSTRACT The new species Mimosa manomboensis Lefevre & Labat (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae), known only from two populations in the Mikea Forest in southwestern Madagascar, is described, illustrated, and assigned a provisional IUCN conservation status of critically endangered.
Endoscopic ultrasound can improve the selection for laparoscopy in patients with localized gastric cancer.

Background The majority of newly diagnosed patients with gastric cancer have disease that is not resectable because of local extension or metastatic (M1) disease. Laparoscopy is a recommended staging evaluation to identify occult peritoneal metastatic disease. We determined if endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) could improve the selection of patients for laparoscopy. Study Design Gastric cancer patients being screened for a preoperative chemotherapy clinical trial were prospectively examined. Patients underwent standard preoperative assessment. Those without obvious metastatic disease were referred for EUS and laparoscopy. EUS divided patients into risk categories for metastatic disease: low risk (T1–2, N0) and high risk (T3–4, N+, or both). Laparoscopy categories were M1 and M0. The ability of EUS to predict subradiographic peritoneal metastatic disease was evaluated. Results Ninety-four patients were studied. The majority were EUS high risk (72%). Occult metastatic disease was identified in 19 patients, 18 of whom had high-risk EUS stage. The yields of identifying M1 disease by laparoscopy in EUS high- and low-risk patients were 25% (95% CI, 15% to 37%) and 4% (95% CI, 0.1% to 20%), respectively. The negative predictive value of low-risk EUS for laparoscopy and pathologic M0 was 96% (exact 95% CI, 80% to 100%). Conclusions This study suggested that laparoscopy can be avoided in patients with EUS early-stage gastric cancer. Patients with more advanced disease are at higher risk of occult peritoneal disease and require laparoscopy. Validation with greater numbers is warranted, but, based on these data, we propose a new staging algorithm allowing EUS low-risk patients to proceed directly to resection.
Observation of a hybrid random ping‐pong mechanism of catalysis for NodST: A mass spectrometry approach

An efficient enzyme kinetics assay using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was initially applied to the catalytic mechanism investigation of a carbohydrate sulfotransferase, NodST. Herein, the recombinant NodST was overexpressed with a His(6)-tag and purified via Ni-NTA metal-affinity chromatography. In this bisubstrate enzymatic system, an internal standard similar in structure and ionization efficiency to the product was chosen in the ESI-MS assay, and a single point normalization factor was determined and used to quantify the product concentration. The catalytic mechanism of NodST was rapidly determined by fitting the MS kinetic data into a nonlinear regression analysis program. The initial rate kinetics analysis and product inhibition study described support a hybrid double-displacement, two-site ping-pong mechanism of NodST with formation of a sulfated NodST intermediate. This covalent intermediate was further isolated and detected via trypsin digestion and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. To our knowledge, these are the first mechanistic data reported for the bacterial sulfotransferase, NodST, which demonstrated the power of mass spectrometry in elucidating the reaction pathway and catalytic mechanism of promising enzymatic systems.
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)—A Pediatric Perspective

The number of reported cases of adults with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is increasing and concern is growing regarding the potential impact of this epidemic on the pediatric population. Male homosexuals were the initial group afffected by AIDS. Soon thereafter, the disease was encountered among intravenous drug abusers, Haitians, and hemophiliacs. Major defects in cellular immune function develop and leave AIDS patients vulnerable to serious, often fatal opportunistic infections or malignancies. In late 1982, the first evidence was provided to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) indicating that infants and young children were victims of AIDS-like illness. Of five patients reported with otherwise unexplained immunodeficiency and opportunistic infection, one had received multiple blood transfusions for anemia and hyperbilirubinemia as a newborn.
Dataflow execution of sequential imperative programs on multicore architectures

As multicore processors become the default, researchers are aggressively looking for program execution models that make it easier to use the available resources. Multithreaded programming models that rely on statically-parallel programs have gained prevalence. Most of the existing research is directed at adapting and enhancing such models, alleviating their drawbacks, and simplifying their usage. This paper takes a different approach and proposes a novel execution model to achieve parallel execution of statically-sequential programs. It dynamically parallelizes the execution of suitably-written sequential programs, in a dataflow fashion, on multiple processing cores. Significantly, the execution is race-free and determinate. Thus the model eases program development and yet exploits available parallelism. This paper describes the implementation of a software runtime library that implements the proposed execution model on existing commercial multicore machines. We present results from experiments running benchmark programs, using both the proposed technique as well as traditional parallel programming, on three different systems. We find that in addition to easing the development of the benchmarks, the approach is resource-efficient and achieves performance similar to the traditional approach, using stock compilers, operating systems and hardware, despite the overheads of an all-software implementation of the model.
Nanoscale phase separation in Ag-Ge-Se glasses

We have investigated the materials formed by Ag photodiffusion in Se-rich Ge-Se thin glass films. The amount of Ag that can be incorporated by this method saturates at a level dependent on the quantity of Se in the starting glass. The photodiffused Ag reacts with the Se to form distinct Ag2Se and Ge-rich backbone phases as determined by Raman and XRD analyses. The conducting Ag2Se phases exist as nano-crystals with a size in the order of 2 nm in the backbone structure.
Modeling, analysis and experiments of inter yarn compaction effects in braided composite actuators

Braided composite actuators are pressure-driven muscle-like actuators capable of large displacements as well as large blocking forces. Braided composite actuators can also exhibit a large change in effective stiffness through simple valve control when the working fluid has a high bulk modulus. This is due to the stiff fiber reinforcement of the braided sleeve and the high bulk modulus of the fluid resisting the volume change when a load is applied in the closed-valve condition. Several analytical models have been previously developed that capture the geometrical and material nonlinearities of the composite actuator, the compliance of the inner liner, and entrapped air in the fluid. This article focuses on inter yarn compaction in the fiber sleeve, which is shown to reduce the effective closed-valve stiffness. In this article, a new analytical model that considers inter fiber yarn compaction, fiber extension and entrapped air effect as well as the material and geometric nonlinearities is developed. Analysi...
Social Judgments and Technological Innovation: Adolescents' Understanding of Property, Privacy, and Electronic Information.

Abstract Two complementary studies were conducted to understand the diverse views adolescents hold regarding electronic information. One study examined concepts of property pertaining to copying computer programs. The second study examined concepts of privacy pertaining to accessing computer files. Preselection tasks were used with several hundred adolescents to assure a diversity of moral and nonmoral views toward electronic information. From this group, 64 adolescents (mean age, 17 years 2 months), 32 in each study, were selected for in-depth interviews, lasting approximately 2 hr. Results showed that adolescents who permitted copying computer programs (“computer pirating”) and accessing computer files (“computer hacking”) still held overall to property and privacy rights in general and applied those rights in prototypic situations (e.g., not stealing a bicycle and not reading another person's diary without permission). Several aspects of the technology contributed to adolescents' difficulty in identifying harmful or unjust consequences of computer-mediated actions. These aspects included the ways technology can easily reproduce software, distance the actor from potential victims, and allow for access without direct harm. The results also suggest that in response to a technological innovation whose conventional status is in flux, adolescents appear to draw on foundational moral considerations to a larger extent than commonly recognized. Broadly understood, the research informs on the general phenomenon of cultural adaptation to technological innovation.
Negative Earnings In International Equity Valuation

The openness of international capital markets has encouraged investors to look beyond their own national boundary for investment opportunities. Foreign direct investment flow has increased in recent years around the world in all major and emerging markets. International equity valuation, as a result, has gained much attention from practitioners and academic researchers alike. Motivated by evidence that the price-earnings relation is not homogeneous across profit and loss firms and by the growing body of international accounting literature that documents and compares the value relevance of earnings and book value across national boundaries, this study illustrates the potential impact of negative earnings (loss firms) on comparing the relative value relevance of earnings and book value across national boundaries. Our results show that removal of negative earnings observations (1) changes the total value relevance of earnings and book value combined (2) changes the relative value relevance of earnings and book value within each country in our study, and (3) changes the relative incremental value relevance of earnings (book value) between the two countries in the study.
Signing Statements as a Source of Presidential Power

Presidents have attached signing statements to bills for a variety of reasons since the time of James Monroe. While traditionally used for rhetorical or political purposes, they have taken on an added constitutional dimension since the Reagan Administration. Despite their increased usage, the real question becomes whether these signing statements have had a substantive impact on how executive branch officials implement the law, or how courts interpret that law in cases before them.This paper explores whether signing statements have had an appreciable influence on the implementation and adjudication of laws, and if they can therefore be considered a material expansion of presidential power and authority. The paper first explores the history, substance, and usage of presidential signing statements; second, examines whether a president’s constitutional concerns, as evidenced by signing statements, receives controlling weight by those officials tasked with implementing the law; and third, assesses whether courts are influenced in any way when interpreting laws that are accompanied by presidential signing statements.Signing statements are frequently used presidential tools which have largely escaped public scrutiny. This paper demonstrates that signing statements have become more prevalent in recent years, and have had a measurable impact on the implementation and interpretation of the laws which they accompany. The failure of the public to take notice of these powerful tools could lead to an aggrandizement of presidential power at the expense of Congress and the courts.
CO2 Capture Modeling, Energy Savings, and Heat Pump Integration

While chemical engineers have designed amine-based CO2 capture systems since 1927, concern over anthropomorphic climate change sparked renewed interest in the 1980s. Subsequent research has led to ...
Radiomic phenotype features predict pathological response in non-small cell lung cancer.

Abstract Background and purpose Radiomics can quantify tumor phenotype characteristics non-invasively by applying advanced imaging feature algorithms. In this study we assessed if pre-treatment radiomics data are able to predict pathological response after neoadjuvant chemoradiation in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods 127 NSCLC patients were included in this study. Fifteen radiomic features selected based on stability and variance were evaluated for its power to predict pathological response. Predictive power was evaluated using area under the curve (AUC). Conventional imaging features (tumor volume and diameter) were used for comparison. Results Seven features were predictive for pathologic gross residual disease (AUC>0.6, p -value p -value=0.01). No conventional imaging features were predictive (range AUC=0.51–0.59, p -value>0.05). Tumors that did not respond well to neoadjuvant chemoradiation were more likely to present a rounder shape (spherical disproportionality, AUC=0.63, p -value=0.009) and heterogeneous texture (LoG 5mm 3D – GLCM entropy, AUC=0.61, p -value=0.03). Conclusion We identified predictive radiomic features for pathological response, although no conventional features were significantly predictive. This study demonstrates that radiomics can provide valuable clinical information, and performed better than conventional imaging features.