cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) Activity by Small Molecule GMX1778 Regulates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-mediated Cytotoxicity in a p53- and Nicotinic Acid Phosphoribosyltransferase1 (NAPRT1)-dependent Manner

Cancer cells undergo mitosis more frequently than normal cells and thus have increased metabolic needs, which in turn lead to higher than normal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Higher ROS production increases cancer cell dependence on ROS scavenging systems to balance the increased ROS. Selectively modulating intracellular ROS in cancers by exploiting cancer dependence on ROS scavenging systems provides a useful therapeutic approach. Essential to developing these therapeutic strategies is to maintain physiologically low ROS levels in normal tissues while inducing ROS in cancer cells. GMX1778 is a specific inhibitor of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, a rate-limiting enzyme required for the regeneration of NAD+ from nicotinamide. We show that GMX1778 increases intracellular ROS in cancer cells by elevating the superoxide level while decreasing the intracellular NAD+ level. Notably, GMX1778 treatment does not induce ROS in normal cells. GMX1778-induced ROS can be diminished by adding nicotinic acid (NA) in a NA phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (NAPRT1)-dependent manner, but NAPRT1 is lost in a high frequency of glioblastomas, neuroblastomas, and sarcomas. In NAPRT1-deficient cancer cells, ROS induced by GMX1778 was not susceptible to treatment with NA. GMX1778-mediated ROS induction is p53-dependent, suggesting that the status of both p53 and NAPRT1 might affect tumor apoptosis, as determined by annexin-V staining. However, as determined by colony formation, GMX1778 long term cytotoxicity in cancer cells was only prevented by the addition of NA to NAPRT1-expressing cells. Exposure to GMX1778 may be a novel way of inducing ROS selectively in NAPRT1-negative tumors without inducing cytotoxic ROS in normal tissue.
Optimal 3D selection technique assignment using real-time contextual analysis

Selection in 3D virtual environments can vary wildly depending on the context of the selection. Various scene attributes such as object velocity and scene density will likely impact the user's ability to accurately select an object. While there are many existing 3D selection techniques that have been well studied, they all tend to be tailored to work best in a particular set of conditions, and may not perform well when these conditions are not met. As a result, designers must compromise by taking a holistic approach to choosing a primary technique; one which works well overall, but is possibly lacking in at least one scenario. We present a software framework that allows a flexible method of leveraging several selection techniques, each performing well under certain conditions. From these, the best one is utilized at any given moment to provide the user with an optimal selection experience across more scenarios and conditions. We performed a user study comparing our framework to two common 3D selection techniques, Bendcast and Expand. We evaluated the techniques across three levels of scene density and three levels of object velocity, collecting accuracy and timing data across a large sample of participants. From our results, we were able to conclude that our auto-selection technique approach is promising but there are several characteristics of the auto-selection process that can introduce drawbacks which need to be addressed and minimized.
Bilateral popliteal artery entrapment syndrome in a young man.

A 33-year-old man with no significant medical history presented with exercise-induced right calf discomfort progressing to the right foot and calf numbness. Popliteal, dorsal pedal, and posterior tibial pulses were absent on the right, with no swelling, ulceration, or tenderness. Lower extremity computed tomography angiography 1 day after presentation revealed luminal compromise of the left popliteal artery (A), occlusion of the distal right superficial femoral and popliteal arteries, and short-segment stenosis present in the left popliteal artery. Magnetic resonance imagining of the right knee (B) revealed an anomalous tendinous slip arising from the medial head of the gastrocnemius, causing focal narrowing of the artery.
Neonatal tolerance induction to Mlsa: II. T cells induce tolerance to Mlsa

Abstract We have investigated the ability of murine T cell lines to induce neonatal tolerance to Mls a (minor lymphocyte stimulating). Mls b mice were injected within 24 hr of birth with MHC (major histocompatibility complex) identical T cell lines generated by culturing responders from Mls a strains with stimulators from Mls b strains. Injected mice were tested at 6 to 8 weeks of age for responses in either primary mixed leukocyte reaction or IL-2 limiting dilution analysis. Mls a specific responses by injected tolerant mice relative to noninjected controls were reduced by 92–98% in MLR and by 2- to 10-fold in IL-2 LDA. In contrast, responses against third-party MHC antigens by either the injected or the noninjected mice were identical. Fifty percent of all mice injected with the T cell lines were tolerant to Mls a . These results strongly suggest that murine T cells express the Mls a gene product.
Essential Role of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase in the Glucose-Induced Insulin Secretion in a Pancreatic β-Cell Line

Abstract The current model of the nutrient sensing mechanism in pancreatic β-cells implies that malonyl-CoA plays a key role. According to this hypothesis, glucose activation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase triggers a rapid production of malonyl-CoA which inhibits carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and the importation of fatty acyl-CoA into the mitochondria for oxidation. The increase in cytosolic long chain fatty acyl-CoA leads to the exocytosis of insulin by a mechanism which has not yet been clearly defined. To obtain direct evidence that ACC plays a central role in this process, we generated stable transfectants of an insulin secreting cell line (INS-1) that express ACC specific antisense mRNA. The amounts of ACC mRNA and the protein level were specifically decreased in these stable clones compared to those of the control cells. The glucose activation of ACC in these cells was also significantly diminished. Both acute and long-term induction of insulin secretion by glucose were decreased. This decrease was inversely correlated to the levels of ACC activity in clones. In these clones, the insulin secretion induced by other nutrients, amino acids and ketocaproate, is also impaired, while the KCl-induced insulin secretion remains unchanged. Decreased ACC expression was accompanied by impaired malonyl-CoA production and elevated fatty acid oxidation. The expressions of the pancreatic specific glucokinase, glucose transporter 2 or β-actin in these cells, as well as glucose utilisation were not affected, suggesting that the effect of the expression of the ACC mRNA specific gene on insulin secretion is specifically related to the decrease in the amount of ACC gene products. These results provide direct evidence of a causal relationship between ACC and insulin secretion.
ENGAGING A SPIRIT FROM THE EAST: ASIAN AMERICAN CHRISTIANS AND CIVIC LIFE

Asian Americans are one the fastest growing nonwhite populations and nearly half are Christian. Little is known, however, about the impact of religion on their civic lives beyond volunteerism. This article is a comparative analysis of Asian American Catholic and Protestant civic involvements. In the general population some have argued that the acquisition of civic skills is hindered by Catholic affiliation relative to Protestantism, but it is not know if the same is true for Asian Americans. I explore these issues with data from the Social Capital Benchmark (SCCB) Survey using logistic regression analysis. Results suggest that Protestant Asian Americans are more likely to vote and be interested in politics than Asian American Catholics, but being Protestant is not a significant predictor of community participation. I conclude that religion, particularly with small group participation, is an important resource for all Asian American Christians across broad measures of civic life.
Nondeterministic circuits, space complexity and quasigroups

Abstract By considering nondeterminism as a quantifiable resource, we introduce new nondeterministic complexity classes obtained from NC circuits using a bounded number of nondeterministic gates. Let NNC(f(n)) denote the class of languages computable by an NC circuit family with O(f(n)) nondeterministic gates. If f(n) is limited to log n, we show that the class obtained is equivalent to NC. If f(n) is allowed to encompass all polynomials, we show that the class obtained is equivalent to NP. The class of most interest, NNC(polylog), obtained by letting f(n) encompass all polylogarithmic functions, contains a version of the quasigroup (Latin square) isomorphism problem. The quasi-group isomorphism problem is not known to be in P or NP-complete; thus, NNC(polylog) is a candidate for separating NC and NP. We also show that NNC(polylog) ⊆ DSPACE(polylog). More specifically, we show that NNCk(logk n) is contained in DSPACE(logk n), where NNCk(logj n) denotes the complexity class obtained from an NCk circuit with O(logj n) nondeterministic gates. This containment yields DSPACE(log2 n) algorithms for the quasigroup isomorphism problem, the Latin square isotopism problem and the Latin square graph isomorphism problem. The only previously known bound for these problems is Miller's time bound of nlog2 n + O(1). This result also generalizes the DSPACE(log2 n) algorithm of Lipton (1976) for the group isomorphism problem. We also show that, for every k, NNC(nk) ⊆ DSPACE(nk), and if for some k there exists a j such that DSPACE(nk) ⊆ NNC(nj) then NP = PSPACE.
A Contribution Regarding the han Medical Strips from Wu-Wei

The medical documents excavated from a Han dynasty tomb at Wu-wei, Kansu Province, in 1973 total ninety-two fragments. These fragments constitute China's oldest and most complete set of medical writings discovered to date. The medical strips in the Strips Buried at Liu-sha [Liu-sha chui chien] do not exceed five or six. The Chu-yen Han Strips [Chu-yen Han chien] mentions but one fragment which is concerned with treating "injury due to cold." The present fragments exceed earlier ones by nearly tenfold and are not only a startling discovery by archaeological circles but also constitute an incomparable event in China's medical history.
Single-Dose Daily Gentamicin Therapy in Urinary Tract Infection

Patients with urinary tract infection were treated for 8 to 15 days with one daily intramuscular injection of 160 mg of gentamicin or 60 or 80 mg every 8 h. Ten of 11 patients treated with one injection daily were cured as compared with 8 of 10 patients treated with three injections daily. Urinary concentrations of gentamicin were 3.2 to 600 μg/ml in all 8-h collections in patients receiving one injection daily and were 22 to 440 μg/ml in all 8-h collections in patients receiving three injections daily. The group treated once daily demonstrated a significant but reversible increase in mean serum creatinine concentration and decrease in mean creatinine clearance during therapy as compared with no change in the group treated with three injections daily. Decreases in renal function were correlated with higher milligram per kilogram doses and higher 1-h serum concentrations.
Surveillance of a Region by Detection and Tracking Operations

A study is made of the capabilities of a surveillance system to detect and track submarines that are in a region that is under surveillance. The operation consists of barrier searches for submarines entering the region, area searches for submarines that have entered the region undetected, tracking procedures to hold contact on detected submarines, and special searches to regain contact when contact has been lost. The capabilities of the surveillance system are found for a general distribution of submarine on-station times, under the assumption that the recontact rate decreases with increasing time after loss of contact.
Self-Financed Buy-Backs and Asset Exchanges

Buy-backs of external debt that are financed by the debtor through asset sales generally result in unchanged or lower market prices for remaining debt. The contractual value of debt is reduced by some multiple of the market value of assets sold. The use of assets as collateral for new debt that is exchanged for old debt has effects equivalent to buy-backs financed by sales of the same assets.
Misalignment In A Complete Shell Gas Foil Journal Bearing

The effect of misalignment on the performance of a complete shell gas foil bearing is discussed. An iterative theoretical model based on the finite element method is used. The model includes membrane and elastic foundation effects in the structural model. An isothermal perfect gas is used as the lubricant fluid. Results are presented demonstrating the effect of misalignment on load capacity, minimum clearance, and moments acting normal to the journal.
Vitalità del negativo/Negativo della vitalità

Vitalita del negativo nell'arte italiana 1960/70, an exhibition that occupied the ground floor of the monumental Palazzo delle Esposizioni from November 30, 1970, to January 31, 1971, revived an ideologically loaded site in Rome under the mantle of contemporary art. Curated by Achille Bonito Oliva, it featured thirty-four Italian artists from a wide range of schools and mediums: painters from the Scuola di Piazza del Popolo (the Roman school of Pop); members of the ′60s Milanese group Azimut; kinetic environments by Padua's Gruppo N and Milan's Gruppo T; artists from Arte Povera; and other, more idiosyncratic installation artists.
Mixing augmentation technique for hypervelocity scramjets

The paper discusses mixing problems in hypervelocity scramjet combustors. Techniques for providing turbulence and/or mixing enhancement are described. One such technique, the oscillating shock interaction, is studied numerically and options for producing oscillatory shock waves for mixing augmentation in scramjet combustors are discussed.
Effect of changes in coronary arterial blood flow on the myocardial contractile force.

The effect of coronary artery constriction and ligation, and graded changes in coronary arterial blood flow on myocardial contractile force was studied in anesthetized open-chest dogs. The coronary constriction and stepwise decreases in coronary blood flow using a Sigmamotor pump decreased myocardialcontractile force essentially in proportion to the decrements of the coronary flow. On the other hand, the increased coronary blood flow beyond physiological ranges did not increase contractile force. The coronary ligation decreased myocardial contractile force of the ischemic or injured areas of the ventricle, but increased the contractile force in the healthy area of the ventricle. Under these conditions, norepinephrine administration increased the contractile force of the healthy portion of the ventricle, whereas the myocardial contractile force of the injured portion remained essentially unchanged.
Alterations of the degree of xylan acetylation in Arabidopsis xylan mutants

Xylan is the second most abundant polysaccharide in secondary walls of dicot plants and one of its structural features is the high degree of acetylation of xylosyl residues. In Arabidopsis, about 60% of xylosyl residues in xylan are acetylated and the biochemical mechanisms controlling xylan acetylation are largely unknown. A recent report by Yuan et al. (2013) revealed the essential role of a DUF231 domain-containing protein, ESKIMO1 (ESK1), in xylan acetylation in Arabidopsis as the esk1 mutation caused specific reductions in the degree of xylan 2-O or 3-O-monoacetylation and in the activity of xylan acetyltransferase. Interestingly, the esk1 mutation also resulted in an elevation of glucuronic acid (GlcA) substitutions in xylan. Since GlcA substitutions in xylan occur at the O-2 position of xylosyl residues, it is plausible that the increase in GlcA substitutions in the esk1 mutant is attributed to the reduction in acetylation at O-2 of xylosyl residues, which renders more O-2 positions available for GlcA substitutions. Here, we investigated the effect of removal of GlcA substitutions on the degree of xylan acetylation. We found that a complete loss of GlcA substitutions in the xylan of the gux1/2/3 triple mutant led to a significant increase in the degree of xylan acetylation, indicating that xylan acetyltransferases and glucuronyltransferases compete with each other for xylosyl residues for their acetylation or GlcA substitutions in planta. In addition, detailed structure analysis of xylan from the rwa1/2/3/4 quadruple mutant revealed that it had a uniform reduction of acetyl substitutions at different positions of the xylosyl residues, which is consistent with the proposed role of RWAs as acetyl coenzyme A transporters. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Bedside cardiology and thrombolysis

Abstract The study by Christian et al. (37) provides useful clinical information for the management of the patient with myocardial infarction with thrombolytic therapy. 1. 1) Complete resolution of chest pain during the infusion of an intravenous thrombolytic agent suggests reperfusion and myocardial salvage. Initial conservative medical management should be considered in these patients especially if serial ECGs show a progressive and rapid downward defection of the ST segment. 2. 2) Patients presenting within 6 h after the onset of infarction, who are pain free, may still benefit from thrombolysis if their ECGs show persistent ischemia. 3. 3) In the remaining patients in whom chest pain does not resolve completely during thrombolytic therapy, management, whether continued medical or invasive strategy, should be individualized and dictated by the extent of myocardium at risk (i.e., by the number of ECG leads showing ST segment elevation), the response of the ST segment to thrombolysis and, most important, the clinical status of the patient.
Comparative in vitro antifungal susceptibility studies with 30 serotype A and B isolates of Candida albicans.

Abstract Fifteen isolates, each of serotypes A and B of Canadida albicans , were tested in vitro against flucytosine, amphotericin B, and cilofungin. All 15 serotype A isolates were susceptible to all three drugs. Three serotype B isolates were resistant to flucytosine. Two isolates, one serotype A and one serotype B, had elevated amphotericin B and cilofungin MICs of 5 π/ml.
A limited defense of moral perception

One popular reason for rejecting moral realism is the lack of a plausible epistemology that explains how we come to know moral facts. Recently, a number of philosophers have insisted that it is possible to have moral knowledge in a very straightforward way—by perception. However, there is a significant objection to the possibility of moral perception: it does not seem that we could have a perceptual experience that represents a moral property, but a necessary condition for coming to know that X is F by perception is the ability to have a perceptual experience that represents something as being F. Call this the ‘Representation Objection’ to moral perception. In this paper I argue that the Representation Objection to moral perception fails. Thus I offer a limited defense of moral perception.
Power and sample size calculation for microarray studies.

Microarray is a technology to screen a large number of genes to discover those differentially expressed between clinical subtypes or different conditions of human diseases. Gene discovery using microarray data requires adjustment for the large-scale multiplicity of candidate genes. The family-wise error rate (FWER) has been widely chosen as a global type I error rate adjusting for the multiplicity. Typically in microarray data, the expression levels of different genes are correlated because of coexpressing genes and the common experimental conditions shared by the genes on each array. To accurately control the FWER, the statistical testing procedure should appropriately reflect the dependency among the genes. Permutation methods have been used for accurate control of the FWER in analyzing microarray data. It is important to calculate the required sample size at the design stage of a new (confirmatory) microarray study. Because of the high dimensionality and complexity of the correlation structure in micro...
A time capsule for rheumatology.

This communication is based on a review of the contents of Arthritis and Rheumatism (AR only 9 authors (2%) were not North Americans. In contrast, one issue (May 2007) contained 37 full-length articles, 24 authored by nonNorth Americans (Asians, Europeans, Australians). The charge to each past AR before doing that, it is appropriate to comment briefly on the themes that were dominant in work published in the Journal during the early 1970s. Coincident with the founding of AR Jane E. Salmon, MD: Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York; Richard Bucala, MD, PhD: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. Address correspondence to Charles L. Christian, MD, University of Florida Health Science Center, 653 West 8th Street, Jacksonville, FL 32209. E-mail: charles.christian@jax.ufl.edu. Submitted for publication September 12, 2007; accepted September 12, 2007.
Magnetic debris mitigation system for extreme ultraviolet sources

In extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, plasmas are used to generate EUV light. Unfortunately, these plasmas expel high-energy ions and neutrals which damage the collector optic used to collect and focus the EUV light. One of the main problems facing EUV source manufacturers is the necessity to mitigate this debris. A magnetic mitigation system to deflect ionic debris by use of a strong permanent magnet is proposed and investigated. A detailed computational model of magnetic mitigation is presented, and experimental results from an EUV source confirm both the correctness of the model and the viability of magnetic mitigation as a successful means of deflecting ionic debris.
Unsteady heat transfer in the harmonic heating of a dilute suspension of small particles

Abstract The governing equation for the temperature response of small particles subjected to diffusive and radiative heat transfer in a homogeneous medium is derived. The method used to derive this integro-differential equation is based on an extension of Duhamel’s superposition theorem and it is simpler than the Laplace-transform method traditionally used. This approach is also used to discuss the origin of the history term, which is shown to be a Riemann–Liouville–Weyl half-derivative of the temperature potential between the free-stream and the particle surface. This observation is used to derive the scaling of the unsteady and the quasi-steady contributions for harmonic perturbations of the background temperature field. We identify a scaling number S R , which is a normalized dimensionless frequency, that measures the importance of the history term as compared to the quasi-steady diffusion and radiation contributions. The relevance of the scaling analysis for turbulent flows is discussed.
PROTS: A fragment based protein thermo-stability potential

Designing proteins with enhanced thermo-stability has been a main focus of protein engineering because of its theoretical and practical significance. Despite extensive studies in the past years, a general strategy for stabilizing proteins still remains elusive. Thus effective and robust computational algorithms for designing thermo-stable proteins are in critical demand. Here we report PROTS, a sequential and structural four-residue fragment based protein thermo-stability potential. PROTS is derived from a non-redundant representative collection of thousands of thermophilic and mesophilic protein structures and a large set of point mutations with experimentally determined changes of melting temperatures. To the best of our knowledge, PROTS is the first protein stability predictor based on integrated analysis and mining of these two types of data. Besides conventional cross validation and blind testing, we introduce hypothetical reverse mutations as a means of testing the robustness of protein thermo-stability predictors. In all tests, PROTS demonstrates the ability to reliably predict mutation induced thermostability changes as well as classify thermophilic and mesophilic proteins. In addition, this white-box predictor allows easy interpretation of the factors that influence mutation induced protein stability changes at the residue level.
Mössbauer-effect study of iron-boron-beryllium metallic glasses

$^{57}\mathrm{Fe}$ M\"ossbauer spectra have been obtained at both liquid-nitrogen and room temperatures for a series of metallic glasses ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{82}{\mathrm{B}}_{18\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Be}}_{x}$ with $0l~xl~6$. With the use of Window's program the spectra were fitted and deconvoluted to obtain the probability distribution function of the effective magnetic hyperfine field $P(H)$, and the results show a well-defined symmetric shape for these metallic glasses. The width of $P(H)$, $\ensuremath{\Delta}H$, remains approximately constant at a value of 80 kOe for all samples. However, the most probable value of the effective magnetic hyperfine field ${H}_{1}$ at liquid-nitrogen temperature initially increases with the Be content to 4 at.%, but starts to decrease as $x$ exceeds 4. The isomer shift has a value of -0.032 mm/sec for samples with $xl~4$ but changes to -0.050 mm/sec for samples with $xg4$. The crystallization products obtained upon annealing the ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{82}$${\mathrm{B}}_{18}$ metallic glass at ${T}_{a}=420$\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C were identified as tetragonal ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}$B and $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-Fe. The annealing of the samples with $xg0$ between ${T}_{x1}$ and ${T}_{x2}$ yields a metastable amorphous phase and crystalline solid solutions of an Fe-Be phase. Annealing of the samples with $xg0$ above ${T}_{x2}$ yields crystalline Fe-Be solid solutions and the ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}$B intermetallic compound. The intensity ratios in the M\"ossbauer spectra clearly indicate that annealing of samples between ${T}_{x1}$ and ${T}_{x2}$ led to the alignment of the ${\overline{H}}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ direction close to the ribbon plane, but annealing above ${T}_{x2}$ left ${\overline{H}}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ randomly oriented.
In Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Characterization Using Magnetic Susceptibility Distinguishes Symptom-Producing Plaques

Objectives We investigated the role of iron deposition in atherosclerotic plaque instability using a novel approach of in vivo plaque characterization by a noninvasive, noncontrast magnetic resonance-based T2* measurement. This approach was validated using ex vivo plaque analyses to establish that T2* accurately reflects intraplaque iron composition. Background Iron catalyzes free radical production, a key step for lipid peroxidation and atherosclerosis development. The parameter T2* measures tissue magnetic susceptibility, which historically has been used to quantify hepatic and myocardial iron. The T2* measurement has not been used for in vivo plaque characterization in patients with atherosclerosis. Methods Thirty-nine patients referred for carotid endarterectomy were prospectively enrolled to undergo preoperative carotid magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and postoperative analysis of the explanted plaque. Clinical history of any symptoms attributable to each carotid lesion was recorded. We could not complete MRI in 4 subjects because of their claustrophobia, and 3 patients scanned before the institution of a neck stabilizer had motion artifact, precluding quantification. Results Symptomatic patients had significantly lower plaque T2* values (20.0 ± 1.8 ms) compared with asymptomatic patients (34.4 ± 2.7 ms, p Conclusions In vivo measurement of intraplaque T2* using MRI is feasible and distinguishes symptom-producing from non–symptom-producing plaques in patients with carotid artery atherosclerosis. Symptom-producing plaques demonstrated characteristic changes in iron forms by ex vivo analysis, supporting the dynamic presence of iron in the microenvironment of atherosclerotic plaque.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-induced akathisia

Objective To review available information in the literature about akathisia (inner restlessness) caused by the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Data sources Databases searched included Medline, PsychInfo, the International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Google Scholar. Search terms included drug-induced akathisia , psychomotor agitation , drug-induced side effect , movement disorders , and extrapyramidal symptoms . These search terms were cross-referenced with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and each of the currently marketed SSRIs: fluoxetine , fluvoxamine , sertraline , paroxetine , citalopram , and escitalopram . Study selection Relevant articles were chosen if they specifically mentioned the word akathisia. Case reports were chosen based on a clear view that an SSRI was a contributing or causative agent of akathisia. Data synthesis Recognizing akathisia is important because it can be very bothersome and may cause suicidal ideations. Akathisia can be recognized by examining symptoms, looking at predisposing factors, and using the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS). Predisposing factors include use of multiple akathisia-inducing drugs, recent increases in SSRI dose, previous development of akathisia, baseline psychiatric disorders, and brain trauma. Treatment options include the addition of a centrally acting beta-blocker, a benzodiazepine, or an anticholinergic agent. Conclusion Pharmacists can play an active role in recognizing akathisia by being aware of its characteristics, conducting a thorough medication history to identify causative agents, and using BARS to evaluate patients. These efforts may preclude unnecessary discomfort for the patient and reduce the potential for nonadherence induced by akathisia.
The development of water-intake regulation during schedule-induced polydipsia

Abstract Water intake by rats exhibiting asymptotic levels of schedule-induced polydipsia during a fixed-interval (FI) 1-min food schedule was decreased by reducing the diameter of the drinking spout orifice from 2.5 mm (LT-condition) to 1.0 mm (ST-condition). During initial exposure to the ST condition, rate of licking was immediately enhanced but session intake was not regulated. Lick rate continued to increase across subsequent ST sessions and session intake similar to that during LT conditions was achieved after several ST sessions. However, volume regulation failed to occur during the first session following each transition from LT to ST conditions. Restrictions in the rate of consumption increased the duration but not the frequency of post-pellet licking bouts, and resulted in decreased rates of bar-pressing with enhanced pause time. Reinforcement frequency across conditions was unaffected. Increased licking rates during ST sessions also resulted in enhanced licking rates during sugsequent LT sessions. These results suggest that volume regulation during schedule-induced polydipsia is achieved through reductions in competing responses, and changes in both the discriminative control of drinking and topography of licking.
Cortical and trabecular bone adaptation to incremental load magnitudes using the mouse tibial axial compression loading model.

Abstract The mouse tibial axial compression loading model has recently been described to allow simultaneous exploration of cortical and trabecular bone adaptation within the same loaded element. However, the model frequently induces cortical woven bone formation and has produced inconsistent results with regards to trabecular bone adaptation. The aim of this study was to investigate bone adaptation to incremental load magnitudes using the mouse tibial axial compression loading model, with the ultimate goal of revealing a load that simultaneously induced lamellar cortical and trabecular bone adaptation. Adult (16 weeks old) female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three load magnitude groups (5, 7 and 9 N), and had their right tibia axially loaded using a continuous 2-Hz haversine waveform for 360 cycles/day, 3 days/week for 4 consecutive weeks. In vivo peripheral quantitative computed tomography was used to longitudinally assess midshaft tibia cortical bone adaptation, while ex vivo micro-computed tomography and histomorphometry were used to assess both midshaft tibia cortical and proximal tibia trabecular bone adaptation. A dose response to loading magnitude was observed within cortical bone, with increasing load magnitude inducing increasing levels of lamellar cortical bone adaptation within the upper two thirds of the tibial diaphysis. Greatest cortical bone adaptation was observed at the midshaft where there was a 42% increase in estimated mechanical properties (polar moment of inertia) in the highest (9 N) load group. A dose response to load magnitude was not clearly evident within trabecular bone, with only the highest load (9 N) being able to induce measureable adaptation (31% increase in trabecular bone volume fraction at the proximal tibia). The ultimate finding was that a load of 9 N (engendering a tensile strain of 1833 μe on medial surface of the midshaft tibia) was able to simultaneously induce measurable lamellar cortical and trabecular bone adaptation when using the mouse tibial axial compression loading model in 16 week old female C57BL/6 mice. This finding will help plan future studies aimed at exploring simultaneous lamellar cortical and trabecular bone adaptation within the same loaded element.
RECOMBINANT HUMAN ERYTHROPOIETIN THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH MYELOFIBROSIS WITH MYELOID METAPLASIA

of the patients had appropriate, for the degree of their anaemia, elevations of serum EPO. They concluded, therefore, that EPO therapy may not be useful for the treatment of anaemia associated with MMM. We recently considered six consecutive patients with MMM for treatment with recombinant human EPO (rHuEP0). Two of the six patients had inappropriately low serum EPO levels (Table I). We prospectively evaluated treatment with rHuEPO in four of these patients with serum EPO levels of 16, 60,
Electron capture from K shells by fully stripped ions

Cross sections for electron capture from inner atomic shells by fully stripped ions, of velocities high compared to the electron velocities in the inner-shell orbits, are calculated in the second Born approximation. The theory of Drisko for electron capture by protons from hydrogen is generalized to projectiles and targets of arbitrary atomic numbers ${Z}_{1}$ and ${Z}_{2}$, respectively. For ions of low velocity, the effects of binding and Coulomb deflection are accounted for in a manner similar to that of Brandt and his co-workers in the theory for direct ionization to the continuum of the target atom. The results are in good agreement with experimental capture cross sections, whereas the Oppenheimer-Brinkman-Kramers approximation overestimates such cross sections. The contribution of electron capture to inner-shell ionization cross sections increases with increasing $\frac{{Z}_{1}}{{Z}_{2}}$ and brings them into agreement with experiment.
Cross-layer optimizations for Intersession Network Coding on practical 2-hop relay networks

Full characterization of Intersession Network Coding (INC), i.e., coding across multiple unicast sessions, is notoriously challenging. Nonetheless, the problem can be made tractable when considering practical constraints that restrict the types of INC schemes of interest. This paper characterizes the INC capacity of 2-session wireless 2-hop relay networks with a packet erasure channel model and a round-based feedback schedule motivated by the usage of “reception reports” in practical protocols such as COPE. The capacity regions are formulated as linear programming problems, which admit simple concatenation with other competing techniques such as opportunistic routing (OpR), and cross-layer (CL) optimization. Extensive numerical evaluation is conducted on 1000 random topologies, which compares and quantifies the throughput benefits of INC, OpR, and CL, and their arbitrary combinations. The results show that by combining all three techniques of INC, OpR, and CL, the throughput of a wireless 2-hop relay network can be improved by 100–500% over the benchmark single-path routing solution depending on the number of sessions to be coded together.
Urban Encroachment, Economic Growth, and Land Values in the Urban Fringe

This paper examines the impact of the local and national economy, and the rate of return on competing assets, on land prices in the urban fringe of the Scattle Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area (PMSA). The data are derived from a set of nearly all land sales in King County Washington between 1969 and 1984. The size of the data set allows for the neutralization of site specific influences by examining the monthly mean price of unimproved land. The results show that, like other traditional investments, land prices are sensitive to factors such as inflation and interest rates. Population pressures and local economic conditions influence urban fringe prices as well. Land further from the urban core is less sensitive to these impacts, presumably because it is too far away from economic activity to be considered for its value in future urban uses.
Meridional Magnifying Lens Systems in the Measurement and Correction of Aniseikonia

Some of the theoretical aspects of meridional magnifying systems and combinations of such systems are discussed, especially as applicable to the measurement and correction of aniseikonic errors, i.e., differences between the size of the ocular images in the two eyes.
Binding Affinity Prediction with Property-Encoded Shape Distribution Signatures

We report the use of the molecular signatures known as “Property-Encoded Shape Distributions” (PESD) together with standard Support Vector Machine (SVM) techniques to produce validated models that can predict the binding affinity of a large number of protein ligand complexes. This “PESD-SVM” method uses PESD signatures that encode molecular shapes and property distributions on protein and ligand surfaces as features to build SVM models that require no subjective feature selection. A simple protocol was employed for tuning the SVM models during their development, and the results were compared to SFCscore – a regression-based method that was previously shown to perform better than 14 other scoring functions. Although the PESD-SVM method is based on only two surface property maps, the overall results were comparable. For most complexes with a dominant enthalpic contribution to binding (ΔH/-TΔS > 3), a good correlation between true and predicted affinities was observed. Entropy and solvent were not considered in the present approach and further improvement in accuracy would require accounting for these components rigorously.
A Neuronal Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Induced by Nerve Growth Factor

A new protein tyrosine phosphatase (PC12-PTP1) was identified in nerve growth factor (NGF)-treated PC12 cells. The mRNA level of PC12-PTP1 is increased 9-fold over the initial 8 h of NGF treatment and then decreases dramatically after 24 h of treatment. In rat brain, three transcripts corresponding to 1.5, 2.6, and 3.0 kilobases (kb) in size are detected by Northern blot analysis. Although the 1.5- and 2.6-kb transcripts are present in brain and other tissues, the 3-kb transcript is exclusively expressed in brain and the expression of this transcript alone increases following NGF treatment. PC12-PTP1 is a non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) with a 50% sequence homology in the phosphatase domain with several other non-receptor PTPs. PC12-PTP1 fusion protein exhibits tyrosine phosphatase activity, and in vitro translation of the PC12-PTP1 transcript produces a major protein of 39 kDa. The data presented suggest that NGF regulates the expression of PC12-PTP1 during periods of neuronal growth and differentiation.
Advanced process control of a CVD tungsten reactor

An advanced multivariable in-line process control system, which combines traditional statistical process control (SPC) with feedback control, has been applied to the CVD tungsten process on an Applied Materials reactor. The goal of the model-based controller is to compensate for shifts in the process and maintain the wafer-state responses on target. The controller employs measurements made on test wafers to track the process behavior. This is accomplished by using model-based SPC, which compares the measurements with predictions obtained from process models. The process models relate the equipment settings to the wafer-state responses of interest. For CVD tungsten, a physically-based modeling approach was employed based on the reaction rate for the H/sub 2/ reduction of WF/sub 6/. The Arrhenius relationship for the kinetic model was linearized so that empirical modeling techniques could be applied. Statistically valid models were derived for deposition rate, film stress, and bulk resistivity using stepwise least-squares regression. On detecting a statistically significant shift in the process, the controller calculates adjustments to the settings to bring the process responses back on target. To achieve this, two additional test wafers are processed at slightly different settings than the current recipe. This local experiment allows the models to be updated to reflect the current process state. The model updates are expressed as multiplicative or additive changes in the process inputs and a change in the model constant. This approach for adaptive control also provides a diagnostic capability regarding the cause of the process shift. The adapted models are used by an optimizer to compute new settings to bring the responses back to target. The optimizer is capable of incrementally entering controllables into the strategy, reflecting the degree to which the engineer desires to manipulate each setting. The capability of the controller to compensate for induced shifts in the CVD tungsten process is demonstrated. Targets for film bulk resistivity and deposition rate were maintained while satisfying constraints on film stress and WF/sub 6/ conversion efficiency. The ability of the controller to update process models during routine operation is also investigated. The tuned process models better predict the process behavior over time compared to the untuned models and lead to improved process capability.
Development and validation of echo PIV

The combination of ultrasound echo images with digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) methods has resulted in a two-dimensional, two-component velocity field measurement technique appropriate for opaque flow conditions including blood flow in clinical applications. Advanced PIV processing algorithms including an iterative scheme and window offsetting were used to increase the spatial resolution of the velocity measurement to a maximum of 1.8 mm×3.1 mm. Velocity validation tests in fully developed laminar pipe flow showed good agreement with both optical PIV measurements and the expected parabolic profile. A dynamic range of 1 to 60 cm/s has been obtained to date.
LAND USE CHANGE IN A PIEDMONT COUNTY

ABSTRACT Carroll County, Georgia, is a microcosm of the southern Piedmont, where cotton has lost its former dominance. No replacement crop is available for erstwhile forty-acres-and-a-mule yeoman cottom farms that are much too small for modern agricultural technology, and only a few entrepreneurs have managed to assemble acreages large enough for successful farm operations. Much former cotton land has been abandoned to scrubby, second-growth woodland, which might well be an “acreage reserve”that could be brought back into agricultural production at such time as the United States no longer has a surplus of farm land. Some former cotton land has been bought by paper companies and planted in loblolly pine. The remaining cleared land in the county is used for pastures of highly variable quality that carry small herds of beef cattle. Poultry production, which is essentially a factory operation, provides three-quarters of all farm income, but most poultry farmers must supplement their income with off-farm jobs....
Apolipoprotein E genotype and neurodevelopmental sequelae of infant cardiac surgery

Abstract Background There has been increasing recognition of adverse neurodevelopmental sequelae in some children after repair of congenital heart defects. Even among children with the same cardiac defect, significant interindividual variation exists in developmental outcome. Polymorphisms of apolipoprotein E have been identified as a risk factor for worse neurologic recovery after central nervous system injury. Methods A single-institution prospective study of patients ≤6 months of age undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass for repair of congenital heart defects was undertaken to evaluate the association between apolipoprotein E genotype and postoperative neurodevelopmental dysfunction. Developmental outcomes were evaluated at 1 year of age by using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Results One-year evaluation was performed in 244 patients. After adjustment for preoperative and postoperative covariates—including gestational age, age at operation, sex, race, socioeconomic status, cardiac defect, and use of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest—the apolipoprotein E ϵ2 allele was associated with a worse neurologic outcome as assessed by the Psychomotor Developmental Index of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development ( P = .036). Patients with the apolipoprotein E ϵ2 allele had approximately a 7-point decrease in the Psychomotor Developmental Index. Conclusions Apolipoprotein E ϵ2 allele carriers had significantly lower Psychomotor Development Index scores at 1 year of age after infant cardiac surgery. The effect was independent of ethnicity, socioeconomic status, cardiac defect, and use of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. An effect of the apolipoprotein E ϵ4 allele was not detected. Genetic polymorphisms that decrease neuroresiliency and impair neuronal repair after central nervous system injury are important risk factors for neurodevelopmental dysfunction after infant cardiac surgery.
Atomic energy levels and oscillator strengths calculated with a screened potential

A screened potential model (SPM) is formulated with Slater-type functions to reproduce the density of the electron shells. The orbital exponent for the valence shell is optimized to calibrate the SPM against experimental valence and Rydberg s and p energy levels for the alkali metals (Li, Na, and K) rare gases (He, Ne, Ar, and Kr), second-row atoms, and Cu, Zn, Mg, S, and Ga. The resulting one-electron wave functions are used to calculate the dipole and velocity forms of the oscillator strengths and 〈1/r3〉 for spin-orbit coupling. The excellent agreement with the averaged experimental results suggests that the SPM atomic orbitals are a good starting point for the evaluation of one-electron properties.
Fresh Water Studies. I. The Relative Temperature, Oxygen Content, Alkali Reserve, the Carbon Dioxide Tension and pH of the Waters of Certain Mountain Streams at Different Altitudes in the Smoky Mountain National Park

The temperature, pH and alkali reserve of the waters of mountain streams decrease with increasing altitude. The oxygen contents increase and the carbon dioxide tensions generally decrease with altitude. Water conditions prevalent at high altitudes occur at lower altitudes during moderate swells and following heavy swells, especially if the swells were caused by rains at high altitudes. Following swells, speckled trout are found at lower altitudes. 8 references, 4 figures, 2 tables.
Data from Tohoku earthquake offer new insights

The subduction zone megathrust earthquake that struck offshore of Tohoku, Japan, in 2011 was so strong that it shifted the tilt of the Earth's axis and moved the island of Japan itself four meters. This earthquake puzzles scientists in part because the hypocenter—where the earthquake originated, deep below the epicenter—occurred on a fault previously thought to be inactive. The lack of data about the rock surrounding the hypocenter makes it hard for scientists to pinpoint specific details about how the earthquake was triggered and propagated.