cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reduced supplementation frequency increased insulin-like growth factor 1 in beef steers fed medium quality hay and supplemented with a soybean hull and corn gluten feed blend.

Reducing supplementation frequency in calf growing programs can reduce labor and equipment operation costs. However, little is understood about the metabolic response of ruminants to large fluctuations in nutrient intake. Eighteen Angus or Angus × Simmental cross steers (287 ± 20 kg and 310 ± 3.6 d of age) were individually fed 1 of 3 dietary treatments using Calan gates. Dietary treatments consisted of ad libitum hay and no supplement (NS), ad libitum hay and 1% BW (as-fed basis) of supplement daily (DS), or ad libitum hay and 2% BW (as-fed basis) of supplement every other day (SA). The supplement was 90% DM and contained (as- fed basis) 47% corn gluten feed, 47% soybean hulls, 2% feed grade limestone, and 4% molasses. Hay intake and ADG was measured over a 52-d period. Steers were then moved to individual tie stalls. Steers were fed at 0800 h and blood samples were collected every hour from 0600 to 1400 h and at 1800, 2200, and 0200 h over a 2-d peri- od. Gains were increased (P < 0.01) by supplementa- tion but did not differ (P = 0.68) due to supplementa- tion frequency. Average daily gain was 0.45, 0.90, and 0.87 kg ·hd -1 ·d -1 (SEM ± 0.05) for steers NS, DS, and SA, respectively. Across the 2-d supplementation cycle area under the concentration time curve (AUC) for plas- ma glucose was increased (P < 0.01) by supplementa- tion but did not differ (P = 0.41) due to supplementation frequency. The AUC for plasma insulin was increased by supplementation (P < 0.01) but did not differ (P = 0.67) due to supplementation frequency. Plasma IGF-1 was increased (P = 0.01) by supplementation and was greater (P = 0.04) for steers supplemented SA than DS. Gains of steers supplemented with a soybean hull and corn gluten feed blend on alternate days did not differ from those supplemented daily suggesting the steers were able to efficiently utilize large boluses of nutrients fed every other day. The effect of less frequent supple- mentation on IGF-1 deserves further examination as this hormone has been shown to increase protein synthesis.
Stretch and inflammation-induced Pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF/Visfatin) and Interleukin-8 in amniotic epithelial cells.

Preterm birth continues to be a growing problem in the USA. Although approximately half of preterm births are caused by intrauterine infection, uterine over-distension is also a cause. In this study we have compared the effects of static stretch, cyclic stretch/release and an inflammatory stimulus alone and in combination on the expression of Pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF) and IL-8 in primary amniotic epithelial cells (AEC). We then sought to identify some of the mechanism(s) by which these cells respond to stretching stimuli. We show that cyclic stretch/release is a more robust stimulus for both PBEF and IL-8 than static stretch. Cyclic stretch/release increased both intracellular and secreted PBEF and a combination of both types of stretch was a more robust stimulus to PBEF that IL-8. However, when an inflammatory stimulus (IL-1β) was added to either kind of stretch, the effect on IL-8 was much greater than that on PBEF. Thus, different kinds of stretch affect the expression of these two cytokines from AEC, but inflammation is a much stronger stimulus of IL-8 than PBEF, agreeing with its primary role as a chemokine. Although the AEC showed morphological signs of increased cellular stress during stretching, blocking reactive oxygen species (ROS) had little effect. However, blocking integrin binding to fibronectin significantly reduced the responses of both PBEF and IL-8 to cyclic stretch/release. The increased PBEF, both intracellularly and secreted, suggests that it functions both to increase the metabolism of the cells, at the same time as stimulating further the cytokine cascade leading to parturition.
Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy: a 12-year follow-up and two-step evaluation of the long-term course

The long-term results after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy of 119 patients with a mean follow-up of 12 years are presented in this study. The same series of patients had an earlier follow-up 4 years postoperatively. Thus, an evaluation of the actual long-term course and not only a single result after partial meniscectomy is presented. Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy is shown to be the definitive means of therapy for meniscal lesion of the knee joint; 91.7% of patients had an excellent or good result 4 years after surgery, and 78.1% rated excellent or good 12 years after surgery. Full recovery regarding ability to work and sports activity level was achieved in a very high percentage of patients. Early results were mostly representative and did not change significantly during the long-term course for the isolated meniscal lesion. The factor with the highest impact on long-term results was damage to the articular cartilage, which did not influence knee function for several years after surgery but became increasingly symptomatic over time after 5 years and more. Only 62% of patients with additional cartilage damage rated excellent and good 12 years after surgery, in contrast with 94.8% good and excellent results in patients with isolated meniscal tears. Similar observations were made for the untreated rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament.
Modification operations in data base machines: where are they?

Advances in technology coupled with the inefficiency of the conventional von-Neumann type architecture in handling database systems have motivated the design and implementation of the so called database machines. Unfortunately, a majority of the proposed database machines have neglected to address proper procedures for modification operations. This negligence is partially due to the complexity of the operations and low performance of the database architectures in handling modification operations.First, the implementation of the modification operations in some database machines is overviewed. Second, we will address the mechanisms in which the relational database machine ASLM handles the modification operations. Finally, our approach is compared against the other proposed approaches in the literature.
The spinal arachnoid villi of the monkeys Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus and Macaca irus.

The spinal arachnoid villi have been studied in the monkey by the examination of serial sections of spinal nerve roots, particular attention being paid to the relations of the arachnoid to the dura mater and to the veins which are regularly applied to the emerging roots. Although the roots vary in their content of specialized arachnoid formations, in many, columns and clusters of arachnoidal cells occupy spaces between collagen bundles in the dura mater. In a few, leptomeningeal tissue extends completely through the dura. In approximately one of each six roots examined, arachnoidal tissue formed part of the wall of and projected into a vein associated with the root. This relationship to veins is considered an especially compelling point in dispelling the doubt which has been cast upon the conception of spinal arachnoid villi as specialized structures.
Synthesis of 1,3-dioxolanes by the addition of ketones to epoxides by using [Cp*Ir(NCMe)3]2+ as catalyst

Abstract A series of 1,3-dioxolanes have been prepared by the addition of ketones to epoxides in the presence of the catalyst [Cp*Ir(NCMe)3]2+, Cp*C5Me5. The reactions proceed readily at 22°C and the yields are good. The following 1,3-dioxolanes: 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane, 1; 2,2-dimethyl-4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolane, 2; 2,2-dimethyl-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane, 3; 2,2-diethyl-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, 4; 2,2-diethyl-4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolane, 5; 2,2-diethyl-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane, 6 were prepared from the appropriate epoxide and carbonyl compounds. An inversion of configuration at the carbon atom at the C–O bond cleavage site of the epoxide was observed to occur in the formation of the dioxolanes: R, S,- 2,2,4,5-tetramethyl-1,3-dioxolane, 7 and a mixture of R,R- and S,S-2,2,4,5-tetramethyl-1,3-dioxolane, 8 obtained from the reactions of acetone with R, R,-/S, S,-buten-2-oxide and R, S,-buten-2-oxide, respectively.
Stimulus type affects Wada memory performance

The effects of amytal injection side, seizure focus laterality, and stimulus type (real and line-drawn objects, printed words, and faces) on recognition memory were studied during the Wada procedure. To-be-remembered stimuli were presented during cerebral anesthesia to 35 patients with left temporal lobe epilepsy (LTLE) and 28 patients with right temporal lobe epilepsy (RTLE), all with left hemisphere language dominance. In both groups, recognition of real and line-drawn objects was best after anesthetization of the lesional hemisphere. Recognition of faces was poor after either injection in patients with RTLE, but only after right injection in patients with LTLE. Conversely, recognition of words by patients with LTLE was impaired equally after either injection, but more so after left than right injection in patients with RTLE. The findings suggest that (1) real and line-drawn objects are "dually encoded" and memory accuracy depends on seizure focus laterality, and (2) accuracy in recognition of words and faces is related to seizure focus laterality, but may also depend on the language dominance of the hemisphere being assessed.
Studies of the mechanism of thiophene hydrodesulfurization: Conversion of 2,3- and 2,5-dihydrothiophene and model organometallic compounds

Catalytic hydrodesulfurization (HDS), the process by which organically bound sulfur is removed from crude oils, is one of the largest-scale chemical processes practiced in the world. Thiophene is typical of the organosulfur compounds found in petroleum, and considerable effort has been directed toward investigating the mechanism for thiophene hydrodesulfurization. Recently, the authors have reported new kinetic information involving the HDS of thiophene, 2,3- and 2,5- dihydrothiophenes, and tetrahydrothiophene. These studies were performed with both Re/{gamma}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and Mo/{gamma}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} catalysts using a flow microreactor system; in particular, rhenium studies provided new information data concerning reaction intermediates. They have also been able to prepare and characterize thiophene-related organometallic compounds which serve as plausible models for bonding and conversion on catalytic surfaces. The combination of these studies has led to new insights concerning alternate mechanistic pathways for thiophene HDS. This comprehensive mechanism, which is based on kinetic studies using model HDS catalysts and on the synthesis and characterization of relevant transition metal complexes, is offered as a plausible route for thiophene HDS.
Thrombus can enhance on delayed enhancement imaging

Background To examine the diagnostic accuracy of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in differentiating thrombus from myxoma Thrombus is thought not to enhance on CMR, myxomas are thought to show mild heterogenous enhancement on delayed imaging. It is sometimes difficult to differentiate them, and this may lead to misdiagnosis, which would significantly impact treatment. Thrombi can have varying signal intensities depending on their age and fibrous composition in T1 and T2 imaging.
Differentiation of neurogenic precursors within the neural crest cell lineage.

Abstract It has been suggested that many, if not all crest-derived neurons develop from a limited subpopulation of neurogenic precursors. To develop cell-type specific markers that identify these precursors directly we have used differential screening of crest-derived cell populations known to have, or not to have, neurogenic ability. We have determined that the neuronspecific human auto-antibodies designated Anti-Hu bind to cytoplasmic and nuclear determinants not only in mature avian neurons and neuroendocrine cells but also in subpopulations of morphologically non-neuronal avian crest-derived cells. Significantly, these Anti-Hu+ non-neuronal crest-derived cells are present only in populations that have neurogenic ability and are absent from populations that lack neurogenic ability. Moreover, following additional development in vivo or in vitro, Anti-Hu+ non-neuronal crest-derived cells appear to express other neuronal traits. These results suggest that Anti-Hu-immunoreactivity is an early indicator of neurogenesis among crest-derived cells and that Anti-Hu+ non-neuronal cells are either neurogenic precursors or immature neurons. Similarly, using the same differential screening paradigm, we have identified two monoclonal antibodies, designated 12E10 and 17F5, which also label both neurons and some apparently nonneuronal cells in neurogenic populations of neural crest cells. Anti-Hu-IR appears to precede expression of either of these two markers.
Black Youth Activism and the Role of Critical Social Capital in Black Community Organizations

This article argues for a nuanced understanding of how Black youth respond, resist, and work to transform school and community conditions. It posits that community-based organizations in Black communities provide Black youth with critical social capital, which consists of intergenerational ties that cultivate expectations and opportunities for Black youth to engage in community change activities. Data for this study were collected from 3 years (October 2000—December 2003) of participant observation and interviews of 15 Black youth who were members of Leadership Excellence, a small community-based organization in Oakland, California. This study demonstrates how critical social capital is facilitated by challenging negative concepts about Black youth in public policy, cultivated by strengthening racial and cultural identity among Black youth, and sustained through ties with adult community members who help youth frame personal struggles as political issues.
Splenectomy in recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer.

Abstract Objective. To report a series of patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer who underwent splenectomy for isolated parenchymal metastases. Methods. We performed a retrospective review of all patients who had a splenectomy for ovarian cancer at our institution during the period 1991 to 1997. Results. Six patients were identified who had a splenectomy performed for recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer confined to the splenic parenchyma. All had initial cytoreductive surgery for Stage III disease followed by platinum-based chemotherapy. Five patients underwent second-look surgery and four of them had pathologically confirmed persistent disease. All five patients who underwent second-look surgery had an intraperitoneal (ip) port placed and received platinum-based ip chemotherapy. Computed tomography (CT) scan performed during the posttreatment surveillance period demonstrated recurrent disease confined to the spleen in all six patients. Splenectomy was performed at a median of 57 months (range 28–88 months) after the initial surgery. The only major complication was a diaphragmatic tear necessitating chest tube placement. With a median follow-up of 25.5 months (range 6–65 months), all six patients are alive and free of disease. Conclusion. Splenectomy is a safe and feasible procedure in recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer. Isolated parenchymal splenic metastasis may occur as a late recurrence in epithelial ovarian cancer and splenectomy should be considered a part of the management of this group of patients.
Syntheses of polybrominated indoles from the red alga Laurencia brongniartii and the brittle star Ophiocoma erinaceus

The red alga Laurencia brongniartii and brittle star Ophiocoma erinaceus metabolites 2,3,6-tribromo-1-methylindole (1) and 2,3,5,6-tetrabromo-1-methylindole (2) are easily synthesized selectively from 2,3-dibromo-1-methylindole (5), which in turn is prepared from indole (3) in one continuous sequence in 92% yield. Moreover, 2 can be made from both 1 and 5 in 67% and 65% yields, respectively.
Affordable Care Act standards for race and ethnicity mask disparities in maternal smoking during pregnancy.

Objective This study compared maternal smoking during pregnancy between the new Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) data collection standards and Federal Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards.
Score Resistance of Bearing Metals

SCORE resistance is the property of a bearing that enables it to resist welding to its journal. Although it is a property of the greatest technical importance, knowledge of score resistance has for many years been largely empirical, and efforts to relate score resistance to other more readily definable properties have met with only limited success.
Physics-Based Reasoning in Conceptual Design Using a Formal Representation of Function Structure Graphs

This paper validates that a previously published formal representation of function structure graphs actually supports the reasoning that motivated its development in the first place. In doing so, it presents the algorithms to perform those reasoning, provides justification for the reasoning, and presents a software implementation called Concept Modeler (ConMod) to demonstrate the reasoning. Specifically, the representation is shown to support constructing function structure graphs in a grammar-controlled manner so that logical and physics-based inconsistencies are prevented in real-time, thus ensuring logically consistent models. Further, it is demonstrated that the representation can support postmodeling reasoning to check the modeled concepts against two universal principles of physics: the balance laws of mass and energy, and the principle of irreversibility. The representation in question is recently published and its internal ontological and logical consistency has been already demonstrated. However, its ability to support the intended reasoning was not validated so far, which is accomplished in this paper.
Simon metabolites of α-tocopherol are not formed via a rate-controlling scission of the 3′C-H bond

Abstract The major in vivo oxidation products of α-tocopherol, α-T, are the Simon metabolites, 1 and 2. For these compounds to be formed from α-T the polyisoprenoid tail of α-T must be oxidatively cleaved at the 3′ carbon atom. Comparison of the levels of 2R,4′R,8′R-α-(3′,3′- 2 H 2 )- T and 2R,4′R,8′R-α-[5,7-( C 2 H 3 ) 2 - T remaining in various tissues of rats which had been preloaded with equal quantities of these two forms of vitamin E following a change to a vitamin E-free diet has shown that there is no statistically significant difference in the rates of loss of these two deuterium-labeled α-T's. This demonstrates that the Simon metabolites are not formed by a rate-controlling scission of the 3′-C-H bond of α-T.
The mammalian guanine nucleotide exchange factor mSec12 is essential for activation of the Sar1 GTPase directing endoplasmic reticulum export.

The Sar1 GTPase is an essential component of COPII vesicle coats involved in export of cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum of mammalian cells. To begin to elucidate its mechanism of action, we now report the identity of the mammalian homolog to the yeast Sec12 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (18% identity) that promotes Sar1 activation. Mammalian Sec12 (mSec12) is a type II transmembrane protein with a large cytosolic domain, a fragment of which has previously been reported as the transcription factor prolactin regulatory element binding protein (PREB). mSec12 promotes efficient guanine nucleotide exchange on Sar1, but not Arf1 or Rab GTPases. mSec12 is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and an antibody to the cytosolic domain of mSec12 potently inhibits Sar1 recruitment and the formation of COPII vesicles in vitro. The dominant negative GDP-restricted mutant Sar1[T39N] is shown to be a potent inhibitor of mSec12 activity, consistent with its role in preventing COPII vesicle formation in vitro and during transient expression in vivo. We propose that mSec12 is an evolutionarily distant guanine nucleotide exchange factor directing Sar1 GTPase activation in mammalian cells. Its divergence from yeast Sec12p may reflect the specialized needs of the mammalian endoplasmic reticulum involving the formation of Sar1-dependent transitional elements (Aridor M, et al. J Cell Biol 2001;152:213–229) and selection of cargo into prebudding complexes.
Anax Piraticus a New Species of Dragonfly (Odonata) from Guam

This species is described from two specimens taken on the U. S. island of Guam in the Mid-Pacific Ocean. The male ( holotype , U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 50567) was collected by Mr. D. T. Fulloway. It is described with the permission of the Curators of the U. S. National Museum, where it is deposited. The female ( allotype , in collection of B. Elwood Montgomery) was collected by Mr. Dale Tenison, a missionary in Guam. It was presented by him to Professor B. Elwood Montgomery, of Purdue University, with whose kind permission it is described. Neither specimen carries a date label. Both are in fair preservation. Though the lighter colors are yellowed the patterns are clear.
A design overview of a Micromouse: University of the Pacific electronics team designs a jewel of a mouse

The second annual IEEE Micromouse Competition, which took place at California State University at Sacramento in April 1985, included an entry built by the University of the Pacific (UOP) Micromouse Team, of which I was a member. IEEE rules specify a “Micromouse” to be a self-contained robot with a maximum superstructure length and width of ten inches. Each mouse is given three runs through the maze, which has outside dimensions of eight feet by eight feet (although the entire maze has not been used in a Region Six competition) with six-and-a-half inches of spacing between walls (Fig. 1). The winner is the mouse which completes any one of its three runs in the shortest time.
SIM+: A simulator for full duplex communications

Recent studies have shown that wireless full duplex communication is possible with the help of multiple self-interference cancellation techniques. Previous works mainly focus on the design of the physical layer system, and study the performance between two nodes or a few nodes. The true potential of this new capability is still largely unknown in a general network setup. However, there are no large scale testbeds that do full duplex, hindering protocol and network system design developments with this new capability. Simulation has historically been key to making progress in the space of protocol and network system design. This paper presents the first network simulator that is capable of supporting full duplex communication. We extend the state-of-the-art network simulator, ns-3 and present SIM+. We enable many key features for a full duplex node within SIM+. A set of such MAC layer features for the full duplex receiver includes: sending a packet back to the transmitter, broadcasting busytone, and sending a packet to a secondary receiver. We provide some preliminary results using SIM+. Some of these results are counter-intuitive.
ANOMALIES OF BILOCAL OPERATORS.

Methods are described for determining the leading light-cone singularities of bilocal operators in perturbation theory. Specific results are obtained for the bilocal operator ${T}^{*}{\ensuremath{\psi}(x)\overline{\ensuremath{\psi}}(0)}$ in the scalar-gluon model in lowest nontrivial order, with the finding that the $q$-number part of the bilocal operator is singular in the limit ${x}^{2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$, contrary to usual assumptions. A description of the anomalies of deep-inelastic scattering is given in terms of canonically determined bilocal operators, with due attention to the singular nature of these operators, and with no recourse to new bilocal operators not present at the canonical level. Applications to the Schwinger-term sum rule and electromagnetic mass operator are made, with the same conclusions.
Do damselfly larvae recognize and differentially respond to distinct categories of macroinvertebrates

Zygopteran larvae normally encounter other aquatic macroinvertebrates that are predators, competitors, and prey and should therefore demonstrate varied responses when faced with different categories of opponent. In a laboratory experiment individual final-instarIschnura posita (Hagen) larvae were observed in interactions with six categories of invertebrate opponents. The opponent categories were a nonconspecific damselfly and a small crayfish, which represented threatening opponents because they were larger than theI. posita subject larva, and a mayfly and a stonefly, which constituted nonthreatening opponents because they were smaller than the subject larva. The levels of threat posed by conspecific larvae of final and penultimate instar were inferred by comparison to the other opponent categories. Multivariate analysis showedI. posita's response differed between the two larger opponents, but responses were statistically indistinguishable between the two smaller opponents. Larvae retreated, moved around the stalk, and struck their opponents with their lamellae more often in the presence of a crayfish than the nonconspecific zygopteran. In contrast, they assumed an S-bend posture frequently with the zygopteran. Responses toward final-instar conspecifics differed from responses toward the larger opponents. Effectively, larvae wagged their abdomens only in the presence of final-instar conspecifics and retreated and moved around the stalk less frequently in these trials. Responses toward the smaller conspecifics differed from the responses to the small opponents. Larvae struck penultimate-instar conspecifics with their lamellae more frequently than the other small opponents. Our results suggest that larval zygopteran behaviors (such as S-bend and SCS) that have previously been described as intraspecific displays are of a more general nature and used toward a variety of opponents, whereas wag is unique to intraspecific interactions inI. posita.
Climbing the Hierarchy of Masculinity: Asian American Men’s Cross-Racial Competition for Intimacy with White Women

Studies of masculinity have focused on the inequalities among different groups of men, yet they have failed to consider women’s roles in men’s engagement in various positions within hegemonic masculinity. Using life-history interviews with five interracial couples made up of Asian American men and white women, as well as five individuals who either were or had been involved in an Asian American man/white woman interracial couple, this article examines the cross-racial competition in which Asian American men employ multiple strategies to ascend the masculinity hierarchy by seeking white women’s validation of their manhood. Asian American men’s cross-racial competition utilizes four distinct processes: detesting white masculinities; approximating to white masculinities; eschewing white masculinities; and failing in the attempt to maneuver white masculinities. By analyzing these four processes, the author further addresses how the emerging Asian American masculinities that are constructed by Asian American men and white women in the context of intimate relationships challenge or reinforce the current orders of race, class, and gender.
Southeastern Universities Research Association (SURA) Coastal Ocean Observing and Prediction (SCOOP)

The SURA coastal ocean observing and prediction (SCOOP) program is developing a network of sensors and linked computers as a part of fully integrating several observing systems in the southern region of the United States. This session is focused on highlighting lessons learned in the development of distributed collaborative research applications and gaining a better understanding of the needs for educational tools and capabilities for ocean and marine science.
Weight-based dosing of enoxaparin for VTE prophylaxis in morbidly obese, medically-ill patients.

Abstract Introduction In clinical trials, fixed-dose enoxaparin (40 mg once daily) reduces the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in medically-ill patients. However, morbidly obese patients were under-represented in these trials and using fixed-dose enoxaparin in obese patients may be inadequate. We completed a pharmacokinetic study in morbidly obese, medically-ill patients to determine if weight-based dosing of enoxaparin for VTE prophylaxis was feasible, without excessive levels of anticoagulation, as determined by peak anti-Xa levels. Materials and Methods Twenty eight morbidly obese (BMI≥35 kg/m 2 ) patients were enrolled and completed the study protocol. Enoxaparin 0.5 mg/kg was administered once daily subcutaneously and peak anti-Xa levels were measured approximately 4-6 hours after the enoxaparin dose. Results and Conclusions Overall, 46% of patients were female, the average age (±SD) was 54 (±11) years, and the average weight and BMI were 135.6 kg (±25.3) and 48.1 kg/m 2 (±11.1), respectively. The average daily dose of enoxaparin was 67 mg (±12). The average peak anti-Xa level was 0.25 (SD±0.11, range 0.08 to 0.59) units/mL. Peak anti-Xa levels did not significantly correlate with weight or BMI. There were no bleeding events, symptomatic VTE, or significant thrombocytopenia. In morbidly obese, medically-ill patients, use of weight-based enoxaparin dosed at 0.5 mg/kg once daily is feasible and results in peak anti-Xa levels within or near recommended range for thromboprophylaxis, without any evidence of excessive anti-Xa activity. These data suggest that this weight-based regimen may be more effective than standard fixed-dose enoxaparin. Clinical outcome studies are warranted to determine the clinical safety and efficacy of this regimen.
Environmental Profile of Drunella grandis Eaton (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) in the Western United States

ABSTRACT In 898 stream stations in 11 western states, Drunella grandis Eaton exhibited broad physical habitat niche dimensions but moderate to narrow water quality niche dimensions. Nymphs were found over a wide range of channel gradients and substrate types, with tolerance to fine substrates as long as there were some rocky substrates. Occurrence was mostly random in relation to riparian vegetation. Nymphs were found in waters with a wide range of alkalinities, but frequency was low when alkalinity exceeded 250 mg/l. Drunella grandis commonly inhabited streams with conductivity over 400 μmhos/cm but was rarely found when it exceeded 800 μmhos/cm. Nymphs were found in higher than expected frequencies when sulfates were less than 50 mg/l, lower than expected when sulfates are 75–250 mg/l, and were not found in waters with sulfates over 250 mg/l. Distribution was near random over all states sampled with occurrence higher than expected at elevations between 6,000 and 8,000 feet.
Accumulation in Marine Sponge Grafts of the mRNA Encoding the Main Proteins of the Cell Adhesion System

Specific cell adhesion in the marine spongeMicrociona prolifera is mediated by an extracellular aggregation factor complex, whose main protein component, termed MAFp3, is highly polymorphic. We have now identified MAFp4, an ∼400-kDa protein, from the aggregation factor that is translated from the same mRNA as MAFp3. The existence of multiple potential sites forN-glycosylation and calcium binding suggests a direct involvement of MAFp4 in the species-specific aggregation of sponge cells. The deduced partial polypeptide consists of a 16-fold reiterated motif that shows significant similarity to a repeat in an endoglucanase from the symbiontic bacterium Azorhizobium caulinodans and to the intracellular loop of mammalian Na+-Ca2+exchangers. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis indicated that the genomic variability of MAFp4 is high and comparable to that of MAFp3. Their combined polymorphism correlates with allogeneic responses studied in a population of 23 sponge individuals. Peptide mass fingerprinting of tryptic digests of the polymorphic MAFp3 bands observed on polyacrylamide gels after chemical deglycosylation of theMicrociona aggregation factor revealed that the variability detected on Southern blots at least partially reflects the individual variability of aggregation factor protein components. Polyclonal antibodies raised against MAFp3 strongly cross-reacted with a 68-kDa protein localized in sponge cell membranes. Immunohistochemical use of the anti-MAFp3 antibodies strongly stained a cell layer along the line of contact in allogeneic grafts. We show that the transcription level of the MAFp3/MAFp4 mRNA in sponge allo- and isografts is clearly increased in comparison with non-grafted tissue. These data are discussed with respect to a possible evolutionary relationship between cell adhesion and histocompatibility systems.
Impact of brown and clear carbon on light absorption enhancement, single scatter albedo and absorption wavelength dependence of black carbon

Abstract. The presence of clear coatings on atmospheric black carbon (BC) particles is known to enhance the magnitude of light absorption by the BC cores. Based on calculations using core/shell Mie theory, we demonstrate that the enhancement of light absorption (EAbs) by atmospheric black carbon (BC) when it is coated in mildly absorbing material (CBrown) is reduced relative to the enhancement induced by non-absorbing coatings (CClear). This reduction, sensitive to both the CBrown coating thickness and imaginary refractive index (RI), can be up to 50% for 400 nm radiation and 25% averaged across the visible radiation spectrum for reasonable core/shell diameters. The enhanced direct radiative forcing possible due to the enhancement effect of CClear is therefore reduced if the coating is absorbing. Additionally, the need to explicitly treat BC as an internal, as opposed to external, mixture with CBrown is shown to be important to the calculated single scatter albedo only when models treat BC as large spherical cores (>50 nm). For smaller BC cores (or fractal agglomerates) consideration of the BC and CBrown as an external mixture leads to relatively small errors in the particle single scatter albedo of 1 indicates absorption by a non-BC aerosol. Here, it is shown that BC cores coated in CClear can reasonably have an AAE of up to 1.6, a result that complicates the attribution of observed light absorption to CBrown within ambient particles. However, an AAE 1.6. Comparison of these model results to various ambient AAE measurements demonstrates that large-scale attribution of CBrown is a challenging task using current in-situ measurement methods. We suggest that coincident measurements of particle core and shell sizes along with the AAE may be necessary to distinguish absorbing and non-absorbing OC.
Time‐resolved bolus‐chase MR angiography with real‐time triggering of table motion

Time-resolved bolus-chase contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA) with real-time station switching is demonstrated. The Cartesian acquisition with projection reconstruction-like sampling (CAPR) technique and high 2D sensitivity encoding (SENSE) (6x or 8x) and 2D homodyne (1.8x) accelerations were used to acquire 3D volumes with 1.0 mm isotropic spatial resolution and frame times as low as 2.5 seconds in two imaging stations covering the thighs and calves. A custom real-time system was developed to reconstruct and display CAPR frames for visually-guided triggering of table motion upon passage of contrast through the proximal station. The method was evaluated in seven volunteers. High spatial resolution arteriograms with minimal venous contamination were consistently acquired in both stations. Real-time stepping table CE-MRA is a method for providing time-resolved images with high spatial resolution over an extended field-of-view.
Dependence of Electrical Activity and Calcium Influx-Controlled Prolactin Release on Adenylyl Cyclase Signaling Pathway in Pituitary Lactotrophs

Pituitary lactotrophs in vitro fire extracellular Ca2+-dependent action potentials spontaneously through still unidentified pacemaking channels, and the associated voltage-gated Ca2+ influx (VGCI) is sufficient to maintain basal prolactin (PRL) secretion high and steady. Numerous plasma membrane channels have been characterized in these cells, but the mechanism underlying their pacemaking activity is still not known. Here we studied the relevance of cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways in control of pacemaking, VGCI, and PRL release. In mixed anterior pituitary cells, both VGCI-inhibitable and -insensitive adenylyl cyclase (AC) subtypes contributed to the basal cAMP production, and soluble guanylyl cyclase was exclusively responsible for basal cGMP production. Inhibition of basal AC activity, but not soluble guanylyl cyclase activity, reduced PRL release. In contrast, forskolin stimulated cAMP and cGMP production as well as pacemaking, VGCI, and PRL secretion. Elevation in cAMP and cGMP levels by inhibiti...
Reinvestigation of the metabolism of estriol-16 glucosiduronate in subjects with biliary T-tube drainage.

ABSTRACT The biliary and urinary metabolites of 3H-estriol-16 glucosiduronate (E3-16G) were studied in 4 subjects, each of whom had biliary T-tube drainage following cholecystectomy. The biliary excretion of tritium ranged from 3.7 to 27.5%, whereas the excretion in the urine was between 45.4 and 86.1%. The bile contained mostly estriol-3 sulfate-16 glucosiduronate (E3-3S-16G) and rather small amounts of E3-16G. The converse was true for the urine. No estriol-3 glucosiduronate (E3-3G) was identified in the urine, the maximum estimated amount being 0.5%. The detection of significant amounts of tritium in the bile is in disagreement with another report (Sandberg, A. A., and W. R. Slaunwhite, Jr., J Clin Invest 44: 694, 1965). When considered in conjunction with previous investigations, the results of this study strongly suggest that in intact subjects E3-3G is derived mainly, if not exclusively, from biliary E3-3S-16G and E3-16G.
Spatial power spectrum estimation based on a MVDR-MMSE-MUSIC hybrid beamformer

In the computation of the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer, scaling is necessary in order to satisfy the unity gain constraint. When estimating the power in the close vicinity of a source, the MVDR beamformer allocates a null at the direction of the source and the scaling factor becomes very large, and substantially increases the gain of the white noise. This situation can cause the non detection of a weaker source located in the vicinity of a higher power source. Comparing the equation of the MVDR beamformer to the Wiener-Hopf MMSE equation we observe that a initial estimate of the power can be used instead of scaling to satisfy the unity gain constraint. As an initial power estimate we propose to estimate the directions and powers of the dominant sources by applying the MUSIC algorithm; and to use this information to estimate the power spectrum using an artificially extended array. We also propose to use the dominant sources' powers and directions obtained with MUSIC to generate a spectrum composed of triangular windows.
Temporal profile of M1 and M2 responses in the hippocampus following early 24 h of neurotrauma

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) elicits complex inflammatory assets (M1 and M2 responses) in the brain that include the expression of various cytokines/chemokines and the recruitment of blood cells, contributing secondary injury cascades (SIC), and also recovery processes. The modulation of such inflammatory assets might be a therapeutic option following TBI. The present study assesses a temporal profile of various molecular markers of M1 and M2 response in the hippocampus after TBI. Following a unilateral controlled cortical impact (CCI) on young rats, hippocampal tissues of each brain were harvested at 2, 4, 6, 10, and 24h post trauma. Including shams (craniotomy only), half of the rats were assessed for gene expression and half for the protein of various markers for M1 [interferon-gamma (IFNγ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1-β (IL-1β), and IL-6] and M2 [IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, arginase 1 (Arg1), YM1, FIZZ1, and mannose receptor C-1 (MRC1)] responses. Analysis revealed that molecular markers of M1 and M2 responses have heterogeneous injury effects in the hippocampus and that "time-post-injury" is an important factor in determining inflammation status. With the heterogeneous gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, M1 response was significantly elevated at 2h and declined at 24h after TBI, however, their levels remained higher than the sham rats. Except IFNγ, proteins of M1 cytokines were significantly elevated in the first 24h, and peaked between 2-6h [TNFα (2h), IL-1β (6h), and IL-6 (4-6h)]. With the heterogeneous relative gene expression of Arg1, YM1, FIZZ1, and MRC1, levels of M2 cytokines were peaked at 24h post TBI. IL-10 and IL-13 expression appeared biphasic in the first 24h. Protein values of IL-4 and IL-13 peaked at 24h and IL-10 at 6h post injury. Results suggest that the M1 response rises rapidly after injury and overpowers the initial, comparatively smaller, or transient M2 response. A treatment that can modulate inflammation, reduce SIC, and improve recovery should be initiated early (within 10h) after TBI.
AML1/RUNX1 Phosphorylation by Cyclin-Dependent Kinases Regulates the Degradation of AML1/RUNX1 by the Anaphase-Promoting Complex

AML1 (RUNX1) regulates hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, muscle function, and neurogenesis. Previous studies have shown that phosphorylation of AML1, particularly at serines 276 and 303, affects its transcriptional activation. Here, we report that phosphorylation of AML1 serines 276 and 303 can be blocked in vivo by inhibitors of the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) Cdk1 and Cdk2. Furthermore, these residues can be phosphorylated in vitro by purified Cdk1/cyclin B and Cdk2/cyclin A. Mutant AML1 protein which cannot be phosphorylated at these sites (AML1-4A) is more stable than wild-type AML1. AML-4A is resistant to degradation mediated by Cdc20, one of the substrate-targeting subunits of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC). However, Cdh1, another targeting subunit used by the APC, can mediate the degradation of AML1-4A. A phospho-mimic protein, AML1-4D, can be targeted by Cdc20 or Cdh1. These observations suggest that both Cdc20 and Cdh1 can target AML1 for degradation by the APC but that AML1 phosphorylation may affect degradation mediated by Cdc20-APC to a greater degree.
Statistical Timing Driven Partitioning for VLSI Circuits

Presents statistical-timing driven partitioning for performance optimization. We show that by using the concept of node criticality we can enhance the Fiduccia-Mattheyses (FM) partitioning algorithm to achieve, on average, around 20% improvements in terms of timing, among partitions with the same cut size. By incorporating mechanisms for timing optimization at the partitioning level, we facilitate wire-planning at high levels of the design process.
Workstation cooperation through a typed distributed shared memory abstraction

Data units are defined in a level that is above simple memory but below other cooperation paradigms. They are easily ported and well matched to traditional programming. Implementations can vary to suit each system, but the interface remains the same. They can be added to various systems without affecting the operating system context. Data units make an excellent foundation for building fully functional objects. However, they do not render the classic procedural programming model obsolete. Various coherency policies and mechanisms, including those of classic distributed shared memory (DSM) can be applied to data units. Data unit locks permit a wide variety of application-controlled coherency. This is particularly useful for those applications which allow the use of stale data while a replica is being updated. With proper control, this can lead to improved concurrency. >
Tribal-State Relations in the Anglosphere

By analyzing the politics of Indigenous peoples in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, political scientists gain new perspectives on power and powerlessness. Such study offers a new vantage point on pathways of exclusion and regulation, as well as on the pathways of challenging inequity. It illustrates how beliefs and identity configure and reconfigure power. I highlight research from four domains of research on Indigenous politics: studies of political advocacy, political attitudes, rules of the game, and the public good. Political science research on Indigenous peoples fits comfortably within the discipline. It is flush with ideas that draw on and speak to other theories of politics. Were political science to broaden its perspective and recognize the insights available from the racial minority groups and indigenous nations regarding the manner in which law and political institutions channel energies of distinct groups and create, in their application of discriminatory policies, respon...
Rapid Identification of Biothreat and Other Clinically Relevant Bacterial Species by Use of Universal PCR Coupled with High-Resolution Melting Analysis

A rapid assay for eubacterial species identification is described using high-resolution melt analysis to characterize PCR products. Unique melt profiles generated from multiple hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene for 100 clinically relevant bacterial pathogens, including category A and B biothreat agents and their surrogates, allowed highly specific species identification.
Distortions in memory for maps

Evidence is presented for systematic errors in memory for real and artificial maps, local environments, and visual forms. These errors are attributed to two heuristics that are derived from principles of perceptual organization. Maps of countries or localities are conceived of as figures in backgrounds. Remembering the absolute location of figures is difficult, and is facilitated by remembering locations relative to other figures and/or relative to the natural directions of the figure. In alignment, figures are lined up relative to one another, a phenomenon related to perceptual grouping by proximity. In rotation, the natural axes induced by a figure converge with frame axes (north-south, east-west, or horizontal, vertical), a phenomenon related to perceptual organization by common fate. Heuristic-induced errors occur in a variety of tasks, and even when subjects are explicitly forewarned. These heuristics may be invoked in forming representations as well as in inference, and function analogously to syntax in locating smaller elements in larger units.
Operator regularization of Feynman diagrams at one-loop order

It may be possible to use operator regularization with Feynman diagrams, which would greatly simplify its use, as it has so far been limited to the more complicated Schwinger approach. Operator regularization, unlike ζ-function regularization, is not limited to one-loop order and preserves supersymmetry, unlike dimensional regularization. In practice, the use of operator regularization in the context of Feynman diagrams is found not to complicate the calculation.