cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spectrophotometric determination of vanadium with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine

Abstract A simple, rapid and highly selective method for determining small amounts of vanadium has been developed based on the oxidation of diaminobenzidine with vanadate ion. The reaction is best carried out in a phosphoric acid medium. The molar ratio of the reaction was found to be 1:1. The sensitivity and molar absorptivity of the method were found to be 0·016 μg of vanadium per cm 2 for log I 0 /I = 0·001, and 3,310, respectively.
Relaxation Behavior and Breakdown Mechanisms of Nanocrystals Embedded Zr-doped HfO2 High-k Thin Films for Nonvolatile Memories

Semiconducting or metallic nanocrystals embedded high-k films have been investigated. They showed promising nonvolatile memory characteristics, such as low leakage currents, large charge storage capacities, and long retention times. Reliability of four different kinds of nanocrystals, i.e., nc- Ru, -ITO, -Si and -ZnO, embedded Zr-doped HfO2 high-k dielectrics have been studied. All of them have higher relaxation currents than the non-embedded high-k film has. The decay rate of the relaxation current is in the order of nc-ZnO > nc-ITO > nc-Si > nc-Ru. When the relaxation currents of the nanocrystals embedded samples were fitted to the Curie-von Schweidler law, the n values were between 0.54 and 0.77, which are much lower than that of the non embedded high-k sample. The nanocrystals retain charges in two different states, i.e., deeply and loosely trapped. The ratio of these two types of charges was estimated. The charge storage capacity and holding strength are strongly influenced by the type of material of the embedded nanocrystals. The nc-ZnO embedded film holds trapped charges longer than other embedded films do. The ramp-relax result indicates that the breakdown of the embedded film came from the breakdown of the bulk high-k film. The type of nanocrystal material influences the breakdown strength.
Action of vasoactive intestinal peptide and distribution of its binding sites in vessels used for coronary artery bypass grafts

Abstract In an attempt to establish the possible role of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the regulation of vasomotor tone of coronary artery bypass grafts, this study examined the action of this peptide and the distribution of [ 125 I]VIP binding sites in isolated human gastroepiploic artery (GEA), internal mammary artery (IMA) and saphenous vein. VIP (10 −10 − 3 × 10 −7 M) elicited concentration-dependent relaxations in ring segments that were preconstricted with the thromboxane analog U46619. The maximal response was mean ± SEM 79 ± 4%, 52 ± 8% and 23 ± 3% of glyceryl trinitrate (3 × 10 −5 M)-induced maximal smooth muscle relaxation in the GEA, IMA and saphenous vein, respectively. Both receptor-binding and competition studies indicated that there was a higher density of [ 125 I]VIP binding to smooth muscle cells of the GEA and IMA than to the saphenous vein. Total binding, at 50pM [ 125 I]VIP, was 604 ± 89, 381 ± 64 and 87 ± 12 amol/mg wet weight in the GEA, IMA and saphenous vein, respectively. Dense binding of [ 125 I]VIP was associated with the tunica media in all the vessels studied. There was also binding to perivascular regions with no obvious binding to endothelial cells. These data demonstrate that arterial grafts, particularly the GEA, are more sensitive to the relaxant effect of VIP and this may possibly be due to a higher receptor density.
Crayfish escape behavior: Neurobehavioral analysis of phasic extension reveals dual systems for motor control

1. Electromyograms (EMGs) from phasic abdominal muscles of unrestrained and variously restrained crayfish were used to study the involvement of sensory information in phasic abdominal extension during escape behavior. 2. Lateral giant neuron impulses (escape commands), elicited either with natural stimuli or via direct shocks, caused a flexion which was followed at short and near-constant latency by extension (Figs. 1 and 2). 3. Extension produced as above was termed ‘postgiant’ extension and had the following properties: it was labile (Figs. 3 and 4), it was eliminated when flexion was prevented, and it was reduced or eliminated if flexion was hampered (Fig. 5 and Table 1). 4. The above observations, which suggest sensory involvement in post-giant extension, are complemented by the observation that phasic extensor activity could be evoked without prior flexion by rapid water displacements over the abdomen or by taps to the abdomen (Fig. 7). 5. In addition to post-giant extension the extensors were active during many kinds of non-giant tailflips. During swimming, non-giant extensionpreceded flexion at short and constant latency (Fig. 9) and persisted after flexor root section (Fig. 10) or during restraint. Non-giant extension was not labile (Fig. 11), and it depended on the integrity of the rostral nervous system. 6. Animals frequently initiate escape with a giantmediated tailflip followed by non-giant swimming. When this occurred our most common observation was consistent with the interpretation that both postgiant and non-giant extension occurred between the first two flexions (Figs. 13 and 14). 7. We interpret our results to mean that extension occurs as a chained reflex following giant-mediated flexion, with subsequent control of the extensors passing to a central pattern generator.
A study of gastric secretions in chronic obstructive pulmonary emphysema.

In a previous communication,’ we demonstrated that the incidence of chronic peptic ulceration in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary emphysema is greater than would be expected by chance alone. Since a relationship between gastric acidity and arterial carbon dioxide tension might be postulated, a study of gastric secretions in this disease entity was done. Materials and Method Thirty unselected subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary emphysema were studied. The diagnosis in each instance was substantiated by fluoroscopic observation and evaluation of pulmonary function. Each patient was studied in the fasting state. Intubation was carried out under fluoroscopic control and an indwelling arterial needle was inserted. Continuous gastric suction was applied until successive pH determinations agreed by 0.5 pH units. This usually consumed 50 to 70 minutes. pH was determined with a Cambridge Model R pH meter. Free acidity was determined by titration.’ Coincident with the final “basal” gastric juice collection, an arterial blood specimen was collected. Arterial oxygen saturation, carbon dioxide content and tension, and pH were determined by standard techniques.” Twenty-one of these subjects were then given carbon dioxide inhalations for 30 minutes each. Seven of these received 95 per cent oxygen and 5 per cent carbon dioxide and 14 inhaled 5 per cent carbon dioxide in air. Samplings of gastric juice and arterial blood were carried out during this period and for an ensuing 30 minutes. Control subjects consisted of 10 patients, over 40 years of age, who had no pulmonary or gastrointestinal disease. They were intubated and
Field assisted sintering of nickel nanoparticles during in situ transmission electron microscopy

This study reports the in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation of pressure-less field-assisted sintering of agglomerated nanometric nickel particles. Scanning tunneling microscopy inside the TEM was used to apply an electrical current directly to the powder particles. Electrical testing during the experiment reveals that consolidation occurs in the absence of an external heat source. Neck formation between adjacent particles and attendant increase in local Joule heating causes rapid densification. The results represent a first stepping stone towards achieving a fundamental mechanistic understanding of the atomic-scale processes that enable field-enhanced sintering of conductive nanogranular materials.
Ozone Monitoring with an Infrared Heterodyne Radiometer

Measurements of the total burden and of the concentration versus altitude profiles of ozone have been made with a ground-based heterodyne radiometer at Pasadena, California. The measurements were made in the 9.5-micrometer wavelength region, where a strong ozone infrared absorption band exists. The radiometer measured solar absorption at selected wavelengths, with a spectral resolution of 0.001 reciprocal centimeter, equivalent to the half-width of an ozone absorption line at the 10-millibar altitude level. A carbon dioxide laser served as the local oscillator. This technique can be used to gather important data on both tropospheric and stratospheric ozone, which are not readily accessible with other remote-sensing techniques.
Some aspects of electron spectroscopic investigations of impregnated tungsten dispenser cathodes

Abstract Impregnated tungsten dispenser cathodes from various manufacturers and of various impregnant compositions have been examined by several surface analytical techniques. In situ activation of these cathodes in UHV was studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and energy loss spectroscopy. Previous work on model compounds and structures of barium, oxygen and tungsten has been used to interpret the results, although no generally accepted conclusions could be drawn on the exact chemical states of the various elements present on an activated, operating cathode. The results presented will show that the measurements must be taken at temperature, and will demonstrate a method to overcome charging and other artifacts. In addition, the signature of a good cathode will be shown, which can be synthesized by adding standard barium metal on tungsten and barium on oxygen thin film spectra.
A test of planar spark counters at the PEP storage ring

Abstract A test of planar spark counters (PSCs) at the PEP electron-positron storage ring showed the following. PSCs can be used under harsh experimental conditions without long term degradation of resolution. On-line time-of-flight resolution were below 200 ps, coordinate resolutions better than 4 mm, both limited to these values by the resistivity of the semiconducting glass and the electronics used. The best single counter time resolution under realistic conditions at the storage ring was 76 ps. Pulse height was a good indicator of the number of particles striking a counter. Subsequent measurements using cosmic rays gave a single counter time resolution of 50 ps.
Vertex colorings of graphs without short odd cycles

Motivated by the work of Nesetřil and Rodl on “Partitions of vertices” we are interested in obtaining some quantitative extensions of their result. In particular, given a natural number r and a graph G of order m with odd girth g, we show the existence of a graph H with odd girth at least g and order that is polynomial in m such that every r-coloring of the vertices of H yields a monochromatic and induced copy of G. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 68: 255-264, 2011 © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Wavelet Melt Detection Algorithm Applied to Enhanced Resolution Scatterometer Data over Antarctica (2000-2009)

Melting is mapped over Antarctica at a high spa- tial resolution using a novel melt detection algorithm based on wavelets and multiscale analysis. The method is applied to Ku-band (13.4 GHz) normalized backscattering measured by SeaWinds onboard the satellite QuikSCAT and spatially enhanced on a 5 km grid over the operational life of the sensor (1999-2009). Wavelet-based estimates of melt spa- tial extent and duration are compared with those obtained by means of threshold-based detection methods, where melt- ing is detected when the measured backscattering is 3 dB below the preceding winter mean value. Results from both methods are assessed by means of automatic weather sta- tion (AWS) air surface temperature records. The yearly melt- ing index, the product of melted area and melting duration, found using a fixed threshold and wavelet-based melt algo- rithm are found to have a relative difference within 7 % for all years. Most of the difference between melting records deter- mined from QuikSCAT is related to short-duration backscat- ter changes identified as melting using the threshold method- ology but not the wavelet-based method. The ability to clas- sify melting based on relative persistence is a critical aspect of the wavelet-based algorithm. Compared with AWS air- temperature records, both methods show a relative agreement to within 10 % based on estimated melt conditions, although the fixed threshold generally finds a greater agreement with AWS. Melting maps obtained with the wavelet-based ap- proach are also compared with those obtained from space- borne brightness temperatures recorded by the Special Sen- sor Microwave/Image (SSM/I). With respect to passive mi- crowave records, we find a higher degree of agreement (9 % relative difference) for the melting index using the wavelet- based approach than threshold-based methods (11 % relative difference).
Making the Case for the Soul in an Age of Neuroscience

Modern philosophy has been inhospitable to the soul. In the English-speaking world, the dominant tendency, since Hobbes and Locke, has been to subordinate the mental to the physical. Even where mental phenomena are granted real existence, they are construed as effects of underlying physical processes. To explain them is to identify their physical causes. Physicalist approaches to the mind cannot but see the soul as, in Gilbert Ryle's derisive phrase, a “ghost in the machine.” It is an unwanted leftover from a religious age with a bygone philosophical psychology. To the extent that mental entities do any explanatory work, modern philosophy favors “mind” over “soul.”
Isolation, Characterization, and Metabolism of the Glycated and Nonglycated Subfractions of Low-Density Lipoproteins Isolated from Type I Diabetic Patients and Nondiabetic Subjects

The total low-density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction was isolated from 21 patients with type I diabetes and 7 nondiabetic normolipemic subjects. The LDL was separated into two subfractions, one glycated (G-LDL) and one nonglycated (N-LDL), using affinity chromatography. G-LDL comprised 21.1 ± 3.6 and 5.2 ± 0.6% of the total LDL in diabetic patients and normal subjects, respectively. G-LDL isolated from both diabetic patients and normal subjects was significantly more glycated than N-LDL isolated from the same subject. G-LDL isolated from both diabetic patients and normal subjects was enriched in triglycerides. The metabolism of N-LDL and G-LDL was investigated in human fibroblasts, which express only the classical LDL receptor, and in human monocyte-derived macrophages, which also express a receptor for G-LDL. In fibroblasts, the rates of receptor-mediated accumulation of N-LDL isolated from normal subjects and diabetic patients were significantly greater ( P P P P
The micro-social risk environment for injection drug use: An event specific analysis of dyadic, situational, and network predictors of injection risk behavior.

Abstract Background This study explores the risk environment for drug use by examining injection risk behavior during specific injection episodes. By leveraging multiple observations of injection episodes of participants, the study attempts to move beyond global assessment of environmental variables to simultaneously model within (i.e., event level) as well as between (i.e., individual level) predictors of injection risk. Furthermore, gender is also explored as a potential moderator of the relationship between the association of specific partner characteristics (e.g., having an injection partner who is also a sexual partner) and injection risk behavior. Methods Data is used from the Sexual Acquisition of Transmission of HIV Cooperative Agreement Study (SATHCAP). Multilevel structural equation modeling is utilized to predict within and between variations in underlying injection risk behavior as measured using four indicators of injection risk. Results Results indicated that a number of partner level characteristics (i.e., being emotionally close with the partner, sexual partnership, being a first time partner) and one social situational (i.e., the number of non-injectors present at the injection episode) characteristic predicted event level injection risk behavior. However, the impact of partner characteristics also appears to be moderated by gender of the participants. More specifically, sharing a sexual partnership with an injection partner was more strongly associated with injection risk among females as compared to males and females indicated higher levels of risk when injecting with other females while the partner's gender showed no significant association with risk for male injectors. Conclusion These results suggest that people who inject drug do report varying levels of risk during different injection episodes and this variation can be explained by partner and situational characteristics. Improved understanding of the social processes surrounding injection episodes is required to further refine harm reduction approaches.
Simulation of Large-Scale Systems by Aggregation

Two kinds of difficulties stand in the way of effective simulation of macro-social systems: system mechanisms may be unknown, or known only imperfectly; and the number of system elements and their interactions may be too great for available computing facilities to handle. This paper is concerned mainly with methods for dealing with the latter problem, system complexity; but first I must make some preliminary comments on ignorance of system mechanisms.
Trajectory of Metabolic Derangement in Infants with Necrotizing Enterocolitis Should Drive Timing and Technique of Surgical Intervention

Background Seven clinical metrics of metabolic derangement (MD7) have improved the timing of surgical intervention in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). We compared surgical NEC outcomes based on MD7 at our center (unit S) with a similar center (unit B) that based its intervention on abdominal radiograph. Study Design Premature infants undergoing surgical care for NEC were evaluated. MD7 included positive blood culture, acidosis, bandemia, hyponatremia, thrombocytopenia, hypotension, and neutropenia. Surgical recommendations were stratified as observation or intervention. Good outcomes included full enteric feeding by discharge and poor outcomes were death or dependence on parenteral nutrition. For unit S and unit B, the frequency, median, and mode of MD7 component per case were determined for observation and intervention. Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon matched pairs were used to compare positive MD7 frequency for observation with intervention. Institutional mortality was compared and metabolic severity of unit cohorts was evaluated by incidence of MD7 in each. Results From March 2005 to July 2008, forty-one infants at unit S underwent 62 surgical evaluations. Observation was elected in 38 (median 1 MD7 per case, mode 0). Operative intervention occurred in 24 (median 4 MD7 per case, mode 4). Proportional MD7 difference between observation and intervention was significant (p = 0.018, U=6). From February 2007 to December 2008, sixty-five unit B infants received 81 evaluations, recommending 37 observations (median 2 MD7 per case, mode 2), and 44 interventions (median 3 MD7 per case, mode 3). MD7 proportions between observation and intervention were not significant (p = 0.318, U=16). Poor outcomes rates for unit S and unit B infants were 24% and 66%, respectively (p = 0.0001). Severity of MD7 did not differ between institutions (p = 0.53, U=19). Conclusions These data demonstrate variability in surgical approach to NEC. The MD7 panel describes the trajectory of metabolic derangement, defines more timely surgical intervention, and demonstrates that waiting for free air is too late.
Influence of climate variability on plant production and N-mineralization in Central US grasslands

Abstract We assessed the influence of annual and seasonal climate variability over soil organic matter (SOM), above-ground net primary production (ANPP) and in situ net nitrogen (N) mineralization in a regional field study across the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme (IGBP) North American mid-latitude transect (Koch et al. 1995). We hypothesized that while trends in SOM are strongly correlated with mean climatic parameters, ANPP and net N-mineralization are more strongly influenced by annual and seasonal climate because they are dynamic processes sensitive to short-term variation in temperature and water availability. Seasonal and monthly deviations from long-term climatic means, particularly precipitation, were greatest at the semi-arid end of the transect. ANPP is sensitive to this climatic variability, but is also strongly correlated with mean annual climate parameters. In situ net N-mineralization and nitrification were weakly influenced by soil water content and temperature during the incub...
The Challenges of Metacognitive Instruction

Paris and Winograd (this issue) provided important information, much of it drawn from their own research, on self-appraisal, self-monitoring, motivation, and four instructional approaches to metacognitive instruction. In the present article, we discuss these topics with respect to special education research and practice. Specific challenges represented by these approaches are discussed, as are the implications of metacognitive instruction for special education.
Neuraminidase Inhibitors: Zanamivir and Oseltamivir

OBJECTIVE:To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of zanamivir and oseltamivir for the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.DATA SOURCES:A MEDLINE search restricted to English-language journals was conducted (1980–May 2000).STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:All efficacy and safety trials were included if conducted in humans and published in a journal. Abstracts were included if no other data source was available.DATA SYNTHESIS:Zanamivir and oseltamivir block influenza neuraminidase and prevent the cleavage of sialic acid residues, thus interfering with progeny virus dispersement within the mucosal secretions and reducing viral infectivity. The neuraminidase trials for prophylaxis and treatment of influenza enrolled predominantly young (mean age 29–37 y), healthy, mostly unvaccinated individuals who were at the lowest risk of influenza and its complications. When zanamivir 10 mg inhaled twice daily or oseltamivir 75 mg orally twice daily were used for treatment, systemic symp...
System Identification for Robust Control

This paper presents a robust-control-oriented system identification method aiming to minimize the normalized coprime factor uncertainty of the performance-weighted system. The nominal model and the normalized coprime factor uncertainty bound are estimated employing a filter bank approach, which approximately calculates the chordal distance between the identified model and the true system in the frequency range of interest. An iterative LMI optimization is formulated to identify the model coefficients. The optimal stability margin is also calculated and compared to the identified nominal uncertainty bound to decide if re-identification is necessary.
‘Can we turn now to the important things …?’ Derek Mahon's poetry and prose

New collected poems, by Derek Mahon, Loughcrew, Gallery Press, 2011, 400 pp., €20.00 (paperback), ISBN 978 1 85235 512 8 Raw material, by Derek Mahon, Loughcrew, Gallery Press, 2011, 80 pp., €11.95...
Interaction of the v-Rel oncoprotein with cellular transcription factor Sp1.

We previously showed that v-Rel, the oncoprotein of the avian retrovirus Rev-T, can increase expression from promoters containing binding sites for the cellular transcription factor Sp1 in chicken embryo fibroblasts (S. Sif, A.J. Capobianco, and T.D. Gilmore, Oncogene 8:2501-2509, 1993). In those experiments, v-Rel appeared to increase the transactivating function of Sp1; that is, v-Rel stimulated transactivation by a GAL4-Sp1 protein that lacked the Sp1 DNA-binding domain. We have now shown that in vitro-synthesized v-Rel and GAL4-Sp1 form a complex that can be immunoprecipitated with either anti-Sp1 or anti-v-Rel antiserum. We have also shown that a glutathione S-transferase (GST)-Sp1 fusion protein can specifically interact with in vitro-translated v-Rel and with in vivo-synthesized v-Rel from transformed chicken spleen cells. In addition, we have found that the abilities of wild-type and two mutant forms of v-Rel to increase transactivation by Sp1 in vivo correlate with their abilities to interact with Sp1 in vitro. The sequences important for the interaction of v-Rel with Sp1 in vitro have been mapped to the first 147 amino acids of v-Rel. Other Rel proteins, such as c-Rel, RelA, p52, and p50, were also able to form a complex with Sp1 in vitro. These results suggest that v-Rel increases expression from Sp1 site-containing promoters by functionally interacting with Sp1 and that cellular Rel proteins and Sp1 are likely to interact to influence transcription from natural promoters.
Comparison of acyltransferase-mediated mutagenicity and nucleic acid binding of N-acetoxy-4-acetylaminobiphenyl by hepatic and bladder microsomes from rats and dogs.

Acyltransferase-mediated mutagenic and metabolic activation of N-acetoxy-4-acetylaminobiphenyl (N-OAc-AABP) by hepatic tissues of rats and dogs were compared. N-OAc-AABP was mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 even in the absence of exogenous enzyme(s). However, supplementation with hepatic microsomes from dogs showed a dose-dependent increase in mutagenicity of N-OAc-AABP, whereas under the same conditions, rat microsomes were inactive. Incubation of liver microsomes with RNA showed that 46.4 and 11.2 nmole of [3H]N-OAc-AABP were bound/mg RNA/mg protein with dogs and rats, respectively. The hepatic microsome-mediated binding and mutagenicities of N-OAc-AABP were blocked by paraoxon, suggesting the involvement of deacetylase(s) in the activation process. Analyses of the in vitro incubates of N-OAc-AABP with rat and dog liver microsomes revealed the O-deacetylation product N-hydroxy-4-acetylaminobiphenyl (N-OH-AABP) as the major metabolite. The ratios of O-deacetylation of N-O[14C]Ac-AABP versus N-deacetylation of N-OAc-[14C]AABP for hepatic microsomes from dogs and rats were 2.9 and 7.2, respectively. The O- and N-deacetylases are also distributed in bladder tissues and their activities in comparison to the hepatic tissues were lower and amounted to 14.2 and 5.0 nmoles (O/N-deacetylation ratio 2.8) for dogs and 14.8 and 1.7 nmoles per mg protein per min (O/N-ratio of 8.7) for rats. The microsomes from bladder tissues also catalyzed the binding of [3H]N-OAc-AABP to RNA and enhanced its mutagenic response in TA98, both of which were blocked by paraoxon. The occurrence of deacetylase(s) in the target tissues of the bladder carcinogen 4-acetylaminobiphenyl (AABP) suggests that metabolic activation of some of the proximate metabolites could occur within these target organs. Furthermore, since the O-deacetylation product N-OH-AABP is relatively innocuous compared to the N-deacetylation product N-acetoxy-4-aminobiphenyl, these results imply that the refractiveness of rats for 4-aminobiphenyl or AABP-induced bladder carcinogenesis might in part be associated with the higher ratios of microsomal O/N-deacetylase activities. Thus susceptibility to arylamine or arylacetamide-induced liver and bladder carcinogenesis might be influenced by the microsomal deacetylases. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
BaO PLANES, NOT CuO2 PLANES, CONTAIN HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTIVITY

Muon spin rotation (μ+SR) measurements conducted on crystalline YBa2Cu3O7 are consistent with s-wave pairing, not d-wave, suggesting that the superconducting hole condensate resides in the BaO layers, not in the cuprate-planes. The specific heat and thermal conductivity data are explained by the superconducting BaO layers alone, unlike the failed interpretation based on CuO2-plane superconductivity. The layer charges of the CuO2 planes are almost -2 |e|, indicating that those planes are primarily carriers of electrons, not holes. The cuprate-planes are not the dominant hole-carriers of high-TC superconductivity, as demonstrated by doped YBa2RuO6, which has no such CuO2 lanes, yet superconducts at ~ 93 K. Moreover the trio of related compounds, YSr2RuO6 (doped with Cu on Ru sites), undoped GdSr2Cu2RuO8, and undoped Gd2-zCezSr2Cu2RuO10 all start superconducting near 49 K in their SrO layers, not in the cuprate planes of the two compounds that have such planes, because those planes are either antiferromagnetic or weakly ferromagnetic and so do not superconduct. In PrBa2Cu3O7, a Pr-on-Ba-site (PrBa) defect kills the superconductivity, but Pr-on-Pr-site (PrPr) does not. Both defects are approximately equidistant from the intervening cuprate plane, suggesting that the cuprate plane does not carry significant superconductivity. In GdBa2Cu3O7, Gd-on-a-Gd-site (GdGd) does not break Cooper pairs, but Gd-on-a-Ba-site (GdBa) does, indicating that the superconductivity is in the BaO layers, and not in the cuprate-planes. In HgBa2Can-1CunO2n+2, the BaO layers, not the cuprate-planes, gain positive charge as TC, pressure, and the number of layers n increase. The reason that theories based on holes in the cuprate-planes have done so poorly is that those planes were incorrectly identified as the source of high-temperature superconductivity on the basis of a single datum by Cava et al., that was first contradicted by Jorgensen et al., and then endorsed by Jorgensen alone on the basis of the Cava datum, not his own. This error is the main reason why cuprate-plane superconductivity, which probably does not exist, has been so widely accepted.
Comparison of student learning in challenge-based and traditional instruction in biomedical engineering

This paper presents the results of a study comparing student learning in an inquiry-based and a traditional course in biotransport. Collaborating learning scientists and biomedical engineers designed and implemented an inquiry-based method of instruction that followed learning principles presented in the National Research Council report “How People Learn” (HPL). In this study, the intervention group was taught a core biomedical engineering course in biotransport following the HPL method. The control group was taught by traditional didactic lecture methods. A primary objective of the study was to identify instructional methods that facilitate the early development of adaptive expertise (AE). AE requires a combination of two types of engineering skills: subject knowledge and the ability to think innovatively in new contexts. Therefore, student learning in biotransport was measured in two dimensions: A pre and posttest measured knowledge acquisition in the domain and development of innovative problem-solving abilities. HPL and traditional students’ test scores were compared. Results show that HPL and traditional students made equivalent knowledge gains, but that HPL students demonstrated significantly greater improvement in innovative thinking abilities. We discuss these results in terms of their implications for improving undergraduate engineering education.
Monomeric Phospholamban Overexpression in Transgenic Mouse Hearts

Abstract Phospholamban, a prominent modulator of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase activity and basal contractility in the mammalian heart, has been proposed to form pentamers in native SR membranes. However, the monomeric form of phospholamban, which is associated with mutating Cys41 to Phe41, was shown to be as effective as pentameric phospholamban in inhibiting Ca2+ transport in expression systems. To determine whether this monomeric form of phospholamban is also functional in vivo, we generated transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of the mutant (Cys41→Phe41) phospholamban. Quantitative immunoblotting indicated a 2-fold increase in the cardiac phospholamban protein levels compared with wild-type controls, with ≈50% of phospholamban migrating as monomers and ≈50% as pentamers upon SDS-PAGE. The mutant-phospholamban transgenic hearts were analyzed in parallel with transgenic hearts overexpressing (2-fold) wild-type phospholamban, which migrated as pentamers upon SDS-PAGE. SR Ca2+-uptake assays revealed that the EC50 values for Ca2+ were as follows: 0.32±0.01 μmol/L in hearts overexpressing monomeric phospholamban, 0.49±0.05 μmol/L in hearts overexpressing wild-type phospholamban, and 0.26±0.01 μmol/L in wild-type control mouse hearts. Analysis of cardiomyocyte mechanics and Ca2+ kinetics indicated that the inhibitory effects of mutant-phospholamban overexpression (mt) were less pronounced than those of wild-type phospholamban overexpression (ov) as assessed by depression of the following: (1) shortening fraction (25% mt versus 45% ov), (2) rates of shortening (27% mt versus 48% ov), (3) rates of relengthening (25% mt versus 50% ov), (4) amplitude of the Ca2+ signal (21% mt versus 40% ov), and (5) time for decay of the Ca2+ signal (25% mt versus 106% ov) compared with control (100%) myocytes. The differences in basal cardiac myocyte mechanics and Ca2+ transients among the animal groups overexpressing monomeric or wild-type phospholamban and wild-type control mice were abolished upon isoproterenol stimulation. These findings suggest that pentameric assembly of phospholamban is important for mediating its optimal regulatory effects on myocardial contractility in vivo.
Determinants of Satisfaction with Preparations for Financial Emergencies

Objectives were to examine the relationship between insurance knowledge and insurance coverage and to determine the predictors of satisfaction with preparations for financial emergencies. The systems approach to managerial behaviors developed by Deacon and Firebaugh (1988) was used as the theoretical framework for the study. Personal interviews with 123 household money managers were conducted in central Iowa in fall 1986. Male and highly-educated money managers had more insurance knowledge than female and less-educated money managers. High-income households and households in which the money manager was knowledgeable about insurance issues tended to have broad insurance coverage. The household money managers were more likely to be satisfied with their households’ preparations for financial emergencies if they were retired or disables and if their households had a high net worth and broad insurance coverage. Results may be used by financial counselors and educators to help money managers prepare to meet various financial emergencies.
Prions and Prion Diseases

Prion diseases (transmissible encephalopathies) are progressive neurodegenerative diseases of animals and humans caused by a unique agent, the prion. These diseases have recently been in the news because of the emergence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE; mad cow disease) and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in the United Kingdom. Prion diseases may be sporadic, genetic, or acquired. Transmission results from abnormally folded proteins rather than nucleic acids. This article briefly reviews the molecular biology and biochemistry of the prion agent, the prion diseases, the evidence linking BSE to vCJD disease, and protocols for the handling and decontamination of prion-infected materials.
D-LACTIC ACIDOSIS AFTER MASSIVE SMALL BOWEL RESECTION IN A CHILD

D-lactic acidosisは,通常検出されないD型乳酸の増加によりアシドーシスを惹起する疾患で,短腸症候群の患児に稀に発症する.われわれは,新生児期に回腸閉鎖のために回盲弁を含んだ小腸広範囲切除術(残存小腸75cm)を施行した患児に,代謝性アシドーシスを併発し, 2回目の発症時にD-lactic acidosisと診断した症例を経験したので報告する.本症例においては, D型乳酸の測定は行っていないが,発症時の便培養においてLactobacillus fermentumが90%以上を占めており,これが診断の根拠となった.治療法は,重曹の内服を3ヵ月間行った.治療開始以降,便の細菌叢の正常化を認め,その後同様の症状の出現を認めなかった.
A Qualitative Study on English Readers' Reading Comprehension Process

In recent years,researchers have been paying more and more attention to the understanding of the process of reading.Research into inferences in text processing has gradually become a center of interest in cognitive science.Much evidence in previous studies has suggested that EFL readers' effectvie text processing strategies will facilitate the establishment of a global mental coherence.The present study probes into the qualitative analysis of Chinese EFL readers' reading comprehension process,finding that there existed some differences in the nature of bridging inferences in relation to the main effects of language proficiency and topic familiarity.
Enlightenment of Management Mode in Power Grid Dispatching Institutions Abroad on China

This paper introduces the advanced experience of foreign power dispatching institutions in the aspect of organization structures,human resources,management characteristics,technology and equipment. And some suggestions are made for the development of power grid dispatching centers in China.
Tuning up your patient schedule.

These scheduling tips can help you smooth out the peaks and valleys in your patient flow and increase your bottom line.
Murray B. Peppard, Paths Through the Forest: A Biography of the Brothers Grimm

(1973). Murray B. Peppard, Paths Through the Forest: A Biography of the Brothers Grimm. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 56-58.
A Comparative Study of Obsessionality in Medical Students, Law Students, and Controls

Understanding obsessive-compulsive behavior in medical students and law students is necessary for administrators and educators to properly work with students struggling with obsessionality. We aim to compare the differences in obsessive symptoms between medical students, law students and a control population. A total of 100 third-year medical students, 102 third-year law students and 103 control subjects drawn from the general population completed the Leyton Obsessional Inventory (LOI). Subjects were examined on all three sections (symptoms/traits, resistance and interference) of the LOI. Obsessional symptom scores for medical students (14.29 ± 7.33) and law students (13.65 ± 6.61) were significantly greater than for the control group (11.58 ± 7.45). Medical and law students were both more likely to report checking, order, routine and attention to detail as obsessive symptoms. Medical students were more likely than law students to possess the obsessive symptoms of cleanliness and conscientiousness, while law students were more likely than medical students to possess obsessive symptoms related to difficulty in making up their mind and doubting themselves. While medical students and law students are more obsessional than the control population, each group is more likely to report different obsessive symptoms.
Prosecutors and Democracy — Themes and Counterthemes (Epilogue)

Discussions of the relationship between prosecutors and democracy have been excessively dominated by a narrow understanding of democracy as a principal-agent relationship in which prosecutors, as representatives of the people, are responsive to their wishes. A richer understanding of the sources of legitimation of prosecutors and of the relationship between prosecution and democracy may help deepen our understanding of what it is distinctive about prosecutors in the United States and open possible avenues for discussion and reform in the United States and elsewhere. This paper — a revised version of which will serve as the epilogue of PROSECUTORS AND DEMOCRACY: A CROSS-NATIONAL STUDY (Maximo Langer & David Alan Sklansky eds., Cambridge University Press, forthcoming 2017) — explores four different ways in which prosecutors might be thought to be “democratic” — or, alternatively, four different kinds of “democracy” that criminal prosecution can help to constitute. Prosecutors can promote representative democracy, by serving as an agent of the people. Prosecutors can be key figures in what can be called legal democracy, by serving as neutral and independent ministers of justice, advancing the rule of law. Prosecutors can be democratic by advancing the values that embody a given conception of democracy, such as liberal democracy and its values of liberty, dignity, and equality. Finally, systems of criminal prosecution can be configured to promote various conceptions of participatory democracy, by securing roles for the victims of crime and for members of the community more generally.
A Novel Case of Splenic Injury After Shockwave Lithotripsy.

Abstract Background Emergency departments (EDs) are gateways for patients presenting after minor surgical procedures, particularly shockwave lithotripsy. Complications include renal and extrarenal tissue injuries, with the latter having potentially serious consequences if not detected early. Case Report We describe a 70-year-old male presenting to the ED for syncope. The patient underwent shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) for left kidney stones 1 day prior. Upon initial evaluation, the patient had normal vital signs and a normal physical examination, without complaints of abdominal pain. Close observation and regular patient re-evaluation led to the diagnosis of life-threatening injuries that included splenic rupture. Although this is a rare complication of SWL, with only eight published cases found in the literature, the patient's initial presentation of syncope without complaints of abdominal pain presented a unique diagnostic challenge. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Emergency physicians should be knowledgeable of the pre-existing conditions linked to higher rates of complications after shockwave lithotripsy and be able to identify and manage these potentially life-threatening complications.
Preclinical rationale for combining radiation therapy and immunotherapy beyond checkpoint inhibitors (i.e., CART)

An increasing appreciation for the role of the immune system in targeting cancer cells over the last decade has led to the development of several immunomodulatory agents aimed at enhancing the systemic antitumor immune response. One such method is the use of T cells that are genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). The remarkable success of this approach in advanced hematologic malignancies has garnered much enthusiasm for using this novel tool in treating other cancers. However, multiple challenges have hampered the application of this therapy to a broader set of solid tumors, most notably lung cancer. Immunotherapy has already shown great success in lung cancer, and is now the first-line treatment in PD-L1 expressing metastatic disease. Given the mounting evidence that radiation therapy plays a crucial role in amplifying the immune response elicited by immunomodulatory agents, there is potential for radiation to help in overcoming some of these challenges. In this review, we describe the basic principles of CAR T cell therapy and examine its successes and challenges to date. We then discuss the preclinical and clinical data supporting the use of radiation with immunomodulatory agents with a focus on preclinical rationale for combining CAR T cells and radiation therapy in future experiments with a focus on lung cancer.
Fairness Incentives for Myopic Agents

We consider settings in which we wish to incentivize myopic agents (such as Airbnb landlords, who may emphasize short-term profits and property safety) to treat arriving clients fairly, in order to prevent overall discrimination against individuals or groups. We model such settings in both classical and contextual bandit models in which the myopic agents maximize rewards according to current empirical averages, but are also amenable to exogenous payments that may cause them to alter their choices. Our notion of fairness asks that more qualified individuals are never (probabilistically) preferred over less qualifie ones [8]. We investigate whether it is possible to design inexpensive subsidy or payment schemes for a principal to motivate myopic agents to play fairly in all or almost all rounds. When the principal has full information about the state of the myopic agents, we show it is possible to induce fair play on every round with a subsidy scheme of total cost o(T) (for the classic setting with k arms, ~{O}(\sqrtk3T), and for the d-dimensional linear contextual setting ~{O}(d\sqrtk3T)). If the principal has much more limited information (as might often be the case for an external regulator or watchdog), and only observes the number of rounds in which members from each of the k groups were selected, but not the empirical estimates maintained by the myopic agent, the design of such a scheme becomes more complex. We show both positive and negative results in the classic and linear bandit settings by upper and lower bounding the cost of fair subsidy schemes.
Specifying intensive case management: a multiple perspective approach.

“Intensive case management” (ICM) programs for people with serious mental illness are found widely throughout the United States. However, there is no standard definition or conceptualization of ICM. Despite these differences, ICM aspires to a set of common principles and core functions derived from the concept of continuity of care. This study attempted to identify the elements of ICM program theory by integrating information from the ICM literature with survey and focus-group data reflecting the perspectives of three distinct ICM respondent groups (researchers/administrators, program managers, and case managers). The findings suggest a strong consensus about the structural dimensions of ICM, but a moderate consensus about their operationalization. More generally, the results support viewing ICM as more “client oriented,” in contrast with conventional case management programs that are more “system driven.”
How to Kill a City: Gentrification, Inequality, and the Fight for the Neighborhood, by Peter Moskowitz

Contemporary readers of Jane Jacobs’s (1961) The Death and Life of Great American Cities might wonder why Jacobs was so worried about the destruction of America’s big cities. Most of America’s citi...
Freeze-out temperature from net-kaon fluctuations at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

We compare the mean-over-variance ratio of the net-kaon distribution calculated within the hadron resonance gas model to the latest experimental data from the Beam Energy Scan at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider by the STAR Collaboration. Our analysis indicates that it is not possible to reproduce the experimental results using the freeze-out parameters from the existing combined fit of net-proton and net-electric charge mean over variance. The strange mesons need about 15 MeV higher temperatures than the light hadrons at the highest collision energies. In view of the future $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ fluctuation measurements, we predict the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ variance over mean and skewness times variance at the light and strange chemical freeze-out parameters. We observe that the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ fluctuations are sensitive to the difference in the freeze-out temperatures established in this analysis. Our results have implications for other phenomenological models in the field of relativistic heavy ion collisions.
Hymenogaster macmurphyi and Splanchnomyces behrii are sequestrate species of Xerocomellus from the western United States.

Hymenogaster is an ectomycorrhizal genus of brown-spored sequestrate fungi that is related to the mushroom-forming genera Hebeloma and Alnicola (Agaricales). However, because of difficulties in mor...
Why Is Policy Presumed Powerful

The creation of education policies around gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, intersex and queer (GLBTIQ) issues has recently become popularised. This chapter describes the strong multifaceted push for policy around GLBTIQ students both globally (spearheaded by organisations like UNESCO and Education International) and in Australia. It explains how GLBTIQ activists have historically assumed that policy on GLBTIQ issues is an unproblematic good, with the power to improve conditions for GLBTIQ students in a range of areas including reducing abuse and suicide prevention. It outlines how the book will explore the research-basis for these claims, and provides key research parameters and definitions.