cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PRODUCTION OF THE AFRICAN CATFISH (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS) I. GROWTH, MORTALITY AND YIELD SOUTH OF THE ZAMBEZI

SUMMARY Clarias gariepinus were sampled from eight water bodies in southern Africa between 1973 and 1975. Aging results indicate a similar growth pattern for most areas with a near linear age-length relationship. Between year growth compensation was found to be present in Lakes Kyle and Mcllwaine in Zimbabwe, and to a lesser extent in Hardap Dam, South West Africa, but not present in Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe. The fishable biomass of catfish from Lake Kyle is estimated between 0,61 to 1,14 kg ha−1. Fishable biomass for all species is in the range 12,1 to 22,7 kg ha−1. The instantaneous growth rate was found to be between 0,20 and 0,25 for fully recruited age groups. The fishing mortality appears to be in the range of 0,4 for Lakes Kyle and Kariba and 0,5 for Lake McIlwaine. All of these levels are above the yield per recruit F0, 1 levels of 0,27, 0,28 and 0,24 respectively which would normally indicate that each of these stocks is being overexploited. However, this does not appear to be the case in these trop...
Note on the dispersion of generations among cells in senescing diploid fibroblast populations

Abstract The cells in a cultured diploid fibroblast population have heteregeneous intermitotic times — even cells derived from the same mitosis may divide at different ages. This heterogeneity of inter-mitotic times results in asynchronous population growth and a dispersion of generations among members of the cell population Because the appearance of non-dividing cells in middle-age populations has been attributed to the presence of lineages with more generations than average, we estimated the magnitude of the dispersion of cell generations as functions of the population doubling level and of the coefficient of variation of inter-mitotic times. For some data, such as that of Macieira-Coelho and Azzarone (Exp. Cell Res., 141 (1982) 325, the rate at which such non-proliferating lineages appear could be explained by a reasonable coefficient of variation of inter-mitotic times (25%). Most other data, however, would be fit only if the coefficient of variation of inter-mitotic times were 50% or greater, a variability that exceeds what has been observed in microcinematography experiments
Bionomics and Biotic Control of the Asparagus Beetle, Crioceris asparagi, in Western Massachusetts

Field studies in western Massachusetts in 1972–73 showed that Crioceris asparagi (L.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) has 2 full generations and a partial 3rd generation annually. The primary natural control agent was Tetrastichus asparagi Crawford (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) which fed upon 50% of the host eggs and parasitized nearly half of the remaining eggs. Several carabids, a nabid, and a pentatomid were found to prey upon C. asparagi larvae. Coccinellids were an important mortality factor, preying on both eggs and larvae of the asparagus beetle; aphids appear to function as attractants for ladybird beetles. No pathogens of C. asparagi were discovered. Data on age-specific mortality are presented.
Patterns of Disordered Eating Behavior in Women by Sexual Orientation: A Review of the Literature

Most disordered eating research has focused on White, heterosexual women. More empirical work is needed to better understand disordered eating among women of diverse backgrounds. Given evidence of disparities between heterosexual and sexual minority (i.e., non-heterosexual) women in other health behaviors (e.g., tobacco use) and outcomes (e.g., cardiovascular disease), it appears important to study disordered eating behaviors among sexual minority women. In this article, we review the extant literature on disordered eating behaviors in women across sexual orientations, with a focus on research examining potential mechanisms of disparities in disordered eating, including awareness and internalization of sociocultural norms.
Simulation of Strongly Heated Internal Gas Flows Using a Near-Wall Two-Equation Heat Flux Model

A two-equation k-ω model is used to model a strongly heated, low-Mach number gas flowing upward in a vertical tube. Heating causes significant property variation and thickening of the viscous sublayer, consequently a fully developed flow does not evolve. Two-equation turbulence models generally perform poorly under such conditions. Consequently, in the present work, a near-wall two-equation heat transfer model is utilized in conjunction with the k-ω model to improve heat transfer predictions.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Latitudinal and taxonomic patterns in the feeding ecologies of fish larvae: A literature synthesis

Abstract The longtime focus on factors that influence the survival of marine fish larvae has yielded an extensive number of studies on larval fish diets and feeding success. In light of a recent increase in such studies within lower latitudes, results from the peer-reviewed literature were synthesized to examine both latitudinal and taxonomic differences in several trophic-related categories, including feeding incidence, trophic niche breadth, ontogenetic diet shifts, dominant prey types, diet broadness, and larval piscivory. A total of 204 investigations (taxon–article combinations) contained suitable results for at least one of these categories. Feeding incidences (proportions of larvae containing food) were significantly higher in lower latitudes with all taxa combined, as well as only within the order Perciformes. Feeding incidences also differed among orders, with Perciformes and Scorpaeniformes having the highest values. The number of larval taxa exhibiting a significantly increasing niche breadth (SD of the log of prey sizes) with larval size decreased toward lower latitudes, with some taxa in lower latitudes exhibiting a decrease in niche breadth with size. The frequency of exhibiting ontogenetic diets shifts decreased with decreasing latitude, as did relative diet broadness (a function of prey types). The most common dominant prey types in the diets of higher latitude larvae were nauplii and calanoid copepods, with cyclopoids being rare in higher latitudes. Dominant prey types in lower latitudes were more diverse, with nauplii, calanoids, and cyclopoids being equally important. Appendicularians increased in importance with decreasing latitude, and one of the clearest latitudinal distinctions was the display of larval piscivory (almost exclusively by scombroid taxa), which was highly concentrated in lower latitudes. Overall, the latitudinal differences observed for multiple trophic-related factors highlight inherent distinctions in larval fish feeding ecologies, likely reflecting differences in the overall structure of planktonic food webs over large latitudinal gradients.
Auditory detection of narrow-band noise and tonal signals

The detectability of narrow-band noise and tonal signals is shown to be a function of the interaural correlation of the masking noise. The same amount of binaural release from masking is obtained with both signals. This finding is interpreted in terms of signal detection theory.
Controlled electrophoretic patterning of polyaniline from a colloidal suspension.

We present a method for controlled deposition of polyaniline from colloidal suspensions. Stable suspensions of polyaniline colloids (∼115 nm in diameter) were formed by dispersing polyaniline/formic acid solution into acetonitrile. It was demonstrated that the positively charged polyaniline colloids can be electrophoretically deposited onto various substrate materials such as platinum and ITO, forming continuous ultrathin films. We examined the film morphology, as well as the effects of process parameters, such as deposition time, colloid concentration, and applied voltage, on the deposition efficiency. Furthermore, the efficacy of the technique was illustrated by electrophoretically patterning polyaniline thin films onto selected individual micrometer-scale sensing elements within a microfabricated sensor array, and by further demonstrating its sensitivity to gaseous analytes including water and methanol.
Effect of Mount St. Helens ash on the response of rat trachea to smooth muscle agonists.

Abstract Ash from the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens was examined for its ability to alter the reactivity of large airway smooth muscle to bronchoconstrictor and bronchodilator agents. Crude ash, administered acutely to rats by intratracheal instillation or aerosol inhalation, had no effect on responses of isolated trachealis preparations to KCl, acetylcholine, or isoproterenol. The tissues, however, became threefold less sensitive to 5-hydroxytryptamine. This selective toxicity may be related to the respiratory complaints in the surrounding areas following the eruption.
Patient-specific flow analysis of brain aneurysms at a single location: comparison of hemodynamic characteristics in small aneurysms

The purpose of this study is to examine and compare the hemodynamic characteristics of small aneurysms at the same anatomical location. Six internal carotid artery-ophthalmic artery aneurysms smaller than 10 mm were selected. Image-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques were used to simulate aneurysm hemodynamics. Flow velocity and wall shear stress (WSS) were also quantitatively compared, both in absolute value and relative value using the parent artery as a baseline. We found that flow properties were similar in ruptured and unruptured small aneurysms. However, the WSS was lower at the aneurysm site in unruptured aneurysms and higher in ruptured aneurysms (P < 0.05). Hemodynamic analyses at a single location with similar size enabled us to directly compare the hemodynamics and clinical presentation of brain aneurysms. The results suggest that the WSS in an aneurysm sac can be an important hemodynamic parameter related to the mechanism of brain aneurysm growth and rupture.
A Sense of Place: Rural Training at a Regional Medical School Campus

: Context: Traditionally, rural students experience urban disruption during the many years of education and training in urban environments before choosing a practice site. Regional rural campuses that allow students to live and work in small towns during the last 2 years of medical school are one strategy to address this issue. Purpose: To report the results of the first 10 years of a rural campus in western Kentucky, including response to difficulties filling openings for third- and fourth-year medical students at the campus. Methods: A survey was sent to all 76 students who had shown interest in the rural campus, asking them to prioritize the important issues in their campus choice. Findings: Students not choosing the rural campus placed a higher priority on large-city amenities, better opportunities for their spouse, and proximity to family in eastern and central Kentucky. Students who chose the rural campus placed a higher priority on one-on-one clinical training and interest in small town life. Conclusions: For the rural clinical campus to reach its potential, more rural students from the western part of the state must be admitted to medical school and then choose this campus. Strategies to reinforce the sense of place among rural students focus on experiential programs in rural areas. Initial results suggest that medical educators should consider geography more carefully when designing approaches to address physician maldistribution.
Is Anti-Americanism Bad for Business?

The article reviews several books about whether anti-Americanism is bad for business. Included are “America Against the World: How We Are Different and Why We Are Disliked,” by Andrew Kohut and Bruce Stokes, “Friendly Fire: Losing Friends and Making Enemies in the Anti-American Century,” by Julia E. Sweig, and “Uberpower: The Imperial Temptation of America,” by Josef Joffe.
Tangent Second-Order Estimates for the Large-Strain, Macroscopic Response of Particle-Reinforced Elastomers

An approximate homogenization method is proposed and used to obtain estimates for the effective constitutive behavior and associated microstructure evolution in hyperelastic composites undergoing finite-strain deformations. The method is a modified version of the “tangent second-order” procedure (Ponte Castaneda and Tiberio in J. Mech. Phys. Solids 48:1389, 2000), and can be used to provide estimates for the nonlinear elastic composites in terms of corresponding estimates for suitably chosen “linear comparison composites”. The method makes use of the “tangent” moduli of the phases, evaluated at suitable averages of the deformation gradient, and yields a constitutive relation accounting for the evolution of characteristic features of the underlying microstructure in the composites, when subjected to large deformations. Satisfaction of the exact, macroscopic incompressibility constraint is ensured by means of an energy decoupling approximation splitting the elastic energy into a purely “distortional” component, together with a “dilatational” component. The method is applied to elastomers containing random distributions of aligned, rigid, ellipsoidal inclusions, and explicit analytical estimates are obtained for the special case of spherical inclusions distributed isotropically in an incompressible neo-Hookean matrix. In addition, the method is also applied to two-dimensional composites with random distributions of aligned, elliptical fibers, and the results are compared with corresponding results of earlier homogenization estimates and finite element simulations.
Cumulative Heat Diffusion Using Volume Gradient Operator for Volume Analysis

We introduce a simple, yet powerful method called the Cumulative Heat Diffusion for shape-based volume analysis, while drastically reducing the computational cost compared to conventional heat diffusion. Unlike the conventional heat diffusion process, where the diffusion is carried out by considering each node separately as the source, we simultaneously consider all the voxels as sources and carry out the diffusion, hence the term cumulative heat diffusion. In addition, we introduce a new operator that is used in the evaluation of cumulative heat diffusion called the Volume Gradient Operator (VGO). VGO is a combination of the LBO and a data-driven operator which is a function of the half gradient. The half gradient is the absolute value of the difference between the voxel intensities. The VGO by its definition captures the local shape information and is used to assign the initial heat values. Furthermore, VGO is also used as the weighting parameter for the heat diffusion process. We demonstrate that our approach can robustly extract shape-based features and thus forms the basis for an improved classification and exploration of features based on shape.
Rising expectations and political turmoil

(1969). Rising expectations and political turmoil. The Journal of Development Studies: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 5-22.
REDUCTION OF LIQUID WASTE LOADS IN SWEET CORN PROCESSING BY CHANGING SEQUENCE OF UNIT OPERATIONS

More than 70% of the BOD generated in liquid waste during sweet corn processing reportedly comes from the cutting, washing and blanching operations. The effects of manipulating these operations on BOD and COD were evaluated. Three different sequences were used in combination with both water and steam blanching techniques under pilot plant conditions. Three replications were performed in 1973 and six replications in 1974. The average BOD/COD ratio was 0.56. Steam blanching yielded significantly lower BOD and COD than did water blanching. When corn was first blanched on the cob and then cut and washed, COD was reduced by approximately 50% from the standard cut/wash/blanch sequence. Succulometer values and soluble solids levels in the product were not significantly affected by type of blanch. However, volumes of expressed liquid from succulometer tests were significantly lower for the blanch/cut/wash sequence than for the other two sequences. Blanching on the cob was probably causing gelation of the starches, thus binding water in the kernels.
Maximization of nMOSFET hot-carrier injection stability through optimization of device and process design

The effects of several key wafer processing conditions on submicron n-channel MOS transistor hot-carrier injection stability have been studied. Specifically, the interactions of gate oxide interface integrity, lightly doped drain spacer length and ion implant parameters, polycrystalline silicon gate oxidation sequence, and source-drain ion implant and anneal conditions have been examined. After wafer fabrication, packaged test transistors were subjected to accelerated hot-carrier stress conditions. Hot-carrier injection damage was assessed by measuring and comparing critical transistor DC parameters before and after stress. The relative impact of hot-carrier generation and trapping efficiency on the degradation of linear regime drain current was analyzed and compared for each set of process conditions. Additionally, circuit parameters were examined to assess the impact of process and device modifications on performance. Finally, an optimum set of processing conditions have been identified which insure maximum device stability without compromising device or circuit performance.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The road to economic self‐sufficiency: Job quality and job transition patterns after welfare reform

This paper analyzes the relationships of schooling, the skill content of work experience, and different types of employment patterns with less-skilled women's job quality outcomes. Survey data from employers and longitudinal data from former and current welfare recipients are used for the period 1997 to early 2002. The analysis of job quality is broadened beyond employment rates and wages measured at a point in time by including non-wage attributes of compensation and aspects of jobs that affect future earnings potential. This study shows the extent to which lack of employment stability, job skills, and occupation-specific experience impedes welfare recipients' abilities to obtain a “good job” or to transition into one from a “bad job.” The business cycle downturn has significantly negatively affected the job quality and job transition patterns of former and current recipients. © 2003 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Georges Bank: Past, Present, and Future of a Marine Environment

This book is composed of a series of lectures given at the New England Aquarium in early 1980. The intent of these lectures was to summarize the issues of ecology, resource management, and law relating to the Georges Bank. Their underlying theme concerns the controversy of whether or not the bank can support both its present fishery and its oil and gas production. In the sense that interest in oil exploration has since subsided, the book is somewhat outdated. Nevertheless, it presents a very readable overview of one of the world's most productive environments, an environment that provides an excellent example of the economic and ecological problems that can result from misuse of its resources.
Development of a theory-based internet program promoting maintenance of diet and physical activity change to 8-year-old African American girls

Obesity and chronic disease risk factors are rising among youth. The Internet offers promise as a channel for delivering behavior change programs in a manner that is both available and accessible. This manuscript describes how theory informed the development of an Internet-based program promoting the maintenance of healthy eating and physical activity (PA) behaviors to 8-year-old African American girls. The web site was designed using a theoretical framework comprised of Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM). Program content was developed to target mediating variables derived from SCT, whereas the delivery channel was designed to enhance central processing, a concept derived from ELM. This manuscript is important because interactive multimedia provides a promising medium for attracting and maintaining youth's attention, thereby enhancing the opportunity for behavior change to occur. Such interventions can incorporate state of the art theory-based procedures, effect behavior change, and provide opportunities to test theoretical constructs and procedures. Further, it demonstrates that theory-based behavior change programs can be developed and delivered over the Internet with expectations of success.
Arachidonic acid, an omega-6 fatty acid, induces cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 in prostate carcinoma cells

For the past 60 years, dietary intake of essential fatty acids has increased. Moreover, the omega-6 fatty acids have recently been found to play an important role in regulation of gene expression. Proliferation of human prostate cells was significantly increased 48 h after arachidonic acid (AA) addition. We have analyzed initial uptake using nile red fluorescence and we found that the albumin conjugated AA is endocytosed into the cells followed by the induction of RNA within minutes, protein and PGE2 synthesis within hours. Here we describe that AA induces expression of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) in a dose-dependent manner and that this upregulation is dependent upon downstream synthesis of PGE2. The upregulation of cox-2 and cPLA2 was inhibited by flurbiprofen, a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, making this a second feed-forward enzyme in the eicosanoid pathway. Cox-2 specific inhibitors are known to inhibit colon and prostate cancer growth in humans; however, recent findings show that some of these have cardiovascular complications. Since cPLA2 is upstream in the eicosanoid pathway, it may be a good alternative for a pharmaceautical target for the treatment of cancer.
An equivalent circuit model of a plasma core inductor

The impedance of an electrical coil wound over a fluorescent tube is found experimentally both when the tube is energized and de-energized. This paper reports results showing a significant change in the resonance characteristics of the coil due to the influence of the plasma core. The effects are described with the help of an equivalent circuit consisting of an inductance with a series resistance and a parallel capacitance. This paper demonstrates that by energizing the core, the series resistance and shunt capacitance in the equivalent circuit increase significantly. The experiment is performed both for alternating current and direct current excitations. From the observed results, fractional changes in the resonant characteristics are found and explained using a perturbational viewpoint. This enables us to indirectly estimate the plasma density profile and model the beam loading effects in high-energy radio frequency sources. The equivalent circuit model presented here can be employed to explain the macroscopic effect of low-temperature plasma on circuit elements within close proximity.
Measures of Attention Deficit Part I: Questionnaires

Despite much progress in the diagnosis and management of children with attentional problems, hyperactivity, and learning difficulties, current diagnostic techniques remain inadequate to readily distinguish a primary attentional disorder from a more complex secondary problem. Developmental and behavioral questionnaires to supplement office evaluation of hyperactivity, neuromaturation, and selected cognitive processes continue to be improved. These measures suffer from different biases, focus on different childhood characteristics and associated problems, and approach childhood interaction with the environment differently. Several are psychometrically more sound, and several provide the physician with developmental and social information that may help improve the habilitative prescription. The general pediatrician can use these questionnaires to complement his or her evaluation and follow-up of children who present with learning and behavioral problems. Prior to choosing an instrument, the clinician should review the advantages of each and choose the one most suited to his or her practice.
Alterations in the red blood cell membrane proteome in alzheimer's subjects reflect disease-related changes and provide insight into altered cell morphology

Our earlier studies have shown that red blood cell (RBC) morphology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects was altered (> 15% of the RBCs were elongated as compared to 5.9% in normal controls (p < 0.0001)). These results suggested alterations in the RBC membrane architecture in AD subjects, possibly due to RBC-β-amyloid interactions and/or changes in the expression of membrane proteins. We hypothesized that the observed changes could be due to changes in the level of the protein components of the cytoskeleton and those linked to the RBC membrane. To examine this, we performed a proteomic analysis of RBC membrane proteins of AD subjects, and their age-matched controls using one pool of samples from each group, following their separation by SDS-PAGE, in-gel Tryptic digestion, LC-MS-MS of peptides generated, and a label-free approach of semi-quantitative analysis of their relative MS spectral intensities. The data suggest, (1) RBC shape/morphology changes in AD subjects are possibly attributed primarily to the changes (elevation or decrease) in the level of a series of membrane/cytoskeleton proteins involved in regulating the stability and elasticity of the RBC membrane, and (2) changes (elevation or decrease) in the level of a second series of proteins in the RBC membrane proteome reflect similar changes reported earlier by various investigators in AD or animal model of AD. Of particular interest, elevation of oxidative stress response proteins such as heat shock 90 kDa protein 1 alpha in AD subjects has been confirmed by western blot analysis in the RBC membrane proteome. The results suggest that this study provides a potential link between the alterations in RBC membrane proteome in AD subjects and AD pathology.
Use of markov-encoded sequential information in numerical signal detection

Twelve Ss made binary decisions with feedback on numbers from one of two normal distributions with equal variances and unequal means. Sequences of distribution choices corresponded to first-order two-state Markov processes with probabilities of change of state of p1 = p2 = .50, p1 = p2 = .75, and p1 = p2 = .25. Performance was best (in d’ terms) when p1 = p2 ≠ .50. First-order sequential response dependencies tended to mirror the first-order stimulus dependencies. Violations of a fixed cutoff point decision rule were concentrated in the region of the average critical point, with a bandwidth of about 1/2σ, in which violations were strikingly more frequent than would be expected if they had occurred randomly. These results imply that in this task Ss are using a criterion-band decision rule instead of a fixed cutoff point rule, and that they are basing decisions in the region of the criterion band on information extracted from the sequence of decisions presented to them. The average bandwidth is generally different from the optimum bandwidth used by an ideal O in combining the two sources of information.
Physiologic and pathologic levels of reactive oxygen species in neat semen of infertile men

Objective To define physiologic levels of reactive oxygen species in infertile men and establish a cutoff value of reactive oxygen species level in neat semen with a high sensitivity and specificity to differentiate infertile men from fertile donors (controls). Design Reactive oxygen species levels were measured in the neat semen samples (n = 51) from fertile donors and infertile patients (n = 54). Setting Reproductive research laboratory at a tertiary care hospital. Patient(s) Infertile patients from male infertility clinic. Intervention(s) Reactive oxygen species measurement in neat semen sample using luminol-based chemiluminescence method, receiver operating characteristic curves. Main Outcome Measure(s) Seminal reactive oxygen species levels, cutoff value, sensitivity and specificity, positive and negative predictive values. Result(s) The best cutoff value to distinguish between healthy fertile donors and infertile men was 0.0185 × 10 6 counted photons per minute/20 × 10 6 sperm. At this threshold, the specificity was 82% and the sensitivity was 78%. This value can be defined as basal reactive oxygen species level in infertile men. Conclusion(s) Reactive oxygen species levels in neat semen samples as measured by luminol-based chemiluminescence are a highly specific and sensitive test in the diagnosis of infertility. This test also may help clinicians treat patients with seminal oxidative stress.
A decade of reports calling for change in medical education: what do they say?

The purpose, methods, and content of each report are briefly described. The reports were selected because they address comprehensive change in medical education and have been recently published. The reports are categorized based on their inclusion of eight major themes: integrating the educational continuum, need for evaluation and research, new methods of financing, importance of leadership, emphasis on social accountability, use of new technology in education and medical practice, alignment with changes in the health care delivery system, and future directions in the health care workforce. The author provides an overview and synthesis of these reports and reveals a number of common themes to help medical educators implement changes in medical education in the next decade and beyond. Conclusions
Targeted inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling inhibits tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer.

Purpose: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase acts downstream of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt to regulate cellular growth, metabolism, and cytoskeleton. Because ∼60% of sporadic colorectal cancers (CRC) exhibit high levels of activated Akt, we determined whether downstream mTOR signaling pathway components are overexpressed and activated in CRCs. Experimental Design: HCT116, KM20, Caco-2, and SW480 human CRC cells were used to determine the effects of pharmacologic (using rapamycin) or genetic (using RNAi) blockade of mTOR signaling on cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and subcutaneous growth in vivo . Results: We show that the mTOR complex proteins mTOR, Raptor, and Rictor are overexpressed in CRC. Treatment with rapamycin significantly decreased proliferation of certain CRC cell lines (rapamycin sensitive), whereas other cell lines were resistant to its effects (rapamycin resistant). Transient siRNA-mediated knockdown of the mTORC2 protein, Rictor, significantly decreased proliferation of both rapamycin-sensitive and rapamycin-resistant CRC cells. Stable shRNA-mediated knockdown of both mTORC1 and mTORC2 decreased proliferation, increased apoptosis, and attenuated cell cycle progression in rapamycin-sensitive CRCs. Moreover, stable knockdown of both mTORC1 and mTORC2 decreased proliferation and attenuated cell cycle progression, whereas only mTORC2 knockdown increased apoptosis in rapamycin-resistant CRCs. Finally, knockdown of both mTORC1 and mTORC2 inhibited growth of rapamycin-sensitive and rapamycin-resistant CRCs in vivo when implanted as tumor xenografts. Conclusions: Targeted inhibition of the mTORC2 protein, Rictor, leads to growth inhibition and induces apoptosis in both rapamycin-sensitive and rapamycin-resistant CRCs, suggesting that selective targeting of mTORC2 may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of CRC.(Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(23):7207–16)
An investigation of log-optimization and stock allocation strategy on large cap U.S. equities

This paper investigates the benefits associated with log-optimal asset allocation. The approach is restricted in an effort to apply mathematical models in ways that can be implemented practically. Historical U.S. stock market data were used to compare log-optimally weighted portfolios with the S&P 100 Index Fund which uses a capitalization weighting method.
Adiponectin receptor and adiponectin signaling in human tissue among patients with end-stage renal disease

Background Adiponectin plasma levels in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are two to three times higher than in individuals with normal kidney function. Despite adiponectin's anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties, patients with CKD have insulin resistance, systemic inflammation and accelerated atherogenesis. Hence, although adiponectin production is increased by adipose tissue in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), it is unclear if its effects on metabolism remain intact.
Screening of international immigrants, refugees, and adoptees.

Frequently clinicians are faced with screening and providing preventive care to immigrants, refugees, and international adoptees. Evidence-based medicine on which to base screening protocols for these populations is lacking. It is important to review all health and vaccination records of the patient. In addition to acute symptoms, one should inquire about the symptoms of diseases prevalent in the country of origin or transit (e.g., hematuria). Many unexpected pathologic conditions may be detected by a thorough physical examination. If a reliable immunization record is presented, one need not repeat the vaccines or check titers. Remaining vaccines should be administered according to ACIP guidelines, except for certain populations (e.g., adoptees). Routine laboratory screening tests should include CBC with differential, stool for ova and parasites, urinalysis, general chemistry profile, serology for hepatitis B, and tests for HIV and syphilis. A tuberculin skin test should be performed on all immigrants, and a chest radiograph should be obtained for any patient with symptoms or a positive PPD. Lead level, hepatitis C, and TSH should be obtained for all children and most adoptees. In addition, special screening tests (e.g., for malaria, hepatitis C, and STIs) may be indicated in high-risk populations. A more organized screening system that emphasizes evidence-based and population-specific screening protocols and better communication between international, federal, state, and local levels is needed in the United States.
Linearity and noise in differential travel time acoustic velocity measurement

An improved constant current source for the time interval integrator in the differential travel time velocity sensor, BASS (Benthic Acoustic Stress Sensor), has extended the full scale range of velocity over which the measurement of velocity is linear from 100 cm/s to 500 cm/s/sup 1/. Slow speed response in the former constant current source introduced non-linearities of 5% to 8% for full scale ranges of 240 cm/s. When corrected, linearity is restored to 1.5% over the entire range. Electronic noise (standard deviation) is less than 0.5% of reading with a minimum noise of 0.3 mm/s equivalent velocity for a 15 cm path length.
Classification trees: An alternative non‐parametric approach for predicting species distributions

Abstract. The use of Generalized Linear Models (GLM) in vegetation analysis has been advocated to accommodate complex species response curves. This paper investigates the potential advantages of using classification and regression trees (CART), a recursive partitioning method that is free of distributional assumptions. We used multiple logistic regression (a form of GLM) and CART to predict the distribution of three major oak species in California. We compared two types of model: polynomial logistic regression models optimized to account for non-linearity and factor interactions, and simple CART-models. Each type of model was developed using learning data sets of 2085 and 410 sample cases, and assessed on test sets containing 2016 and 3691 cases respectively. The responses of the three species to environmental gradients were varied and often non-homogeneous or context dependent. We tested the methods for predictive accuracy: CART-models performed significantly better than our polynomial logistic regression models in four of the six cases considered, and as well in the two remaining cases. CART also showed a superior ability to detect factor interactions. Insight gained from CART-models then helped develop improved parametric models. Although the probabilistic form of logistic regression results is more adapted to test theories about species responses to environmental gradients, we found that CART-models are intuitive, easy to develop and interpret, and constitute a valuable tool for modeling species distributions.
Diagnoses and Antipsychotic Treatment among Youths in a Public Mental Health System

Background:The use of antipsychotics, namely newer atypical agents, has increased significantly in children and adolescents. It is important to examine diagnoses associated with antipsychotic treatment in youths.Objective:To evaluate trends in psychiatric diagnoses of children and adolescents in a public mental health system who were prescribed antipsychotics.Methods:Children and adolescents, up to the age of 19 years, who were prescribed an antipsychotic between January 1998 and December 2001 were identified using the Texas Medicaid Vendor Drug database. Patient identification numbers were then cross-linked to the Client Assignment and Registration database of the Texas Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation to extract diagnostic data.Results:Disruptive behavioral disorders accounted for the highest percentage (35%) of diagnoses associated with children and adolescents receiving antipsychotic treatment and mental healthcare services. Depressive disorders were the second most common diagnosis ...
Update on Ocean Energy Utilization

Although the largest blocks of ocean extracted energy are from the tides, research emphasis has been directed during the last decade towards OTEC. Actual placing in service of small OTEC plants has occurred. Progress has been made in tidal power plants construction and new views expressed for their operation; new centrals were put into operation in China and Canada. Other sources remain under sustained study.
The Effect of Superoxide Anion on Autoregulation of Cerebral Blood Flow

Background and Purpose— Recent studies have suggested that autoregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) is impaired after traumatic and ischemic brain injury. Given that the levels of superoxide anion (O2·−) are increased in these conditions, we postulate that O2·− contributes to the impairment of CBF autoregulation. Methods— CBF was monitored with laser Doppler flowmetry during increases in blood pressure. Results— During the control period, CBF was well autoregulated after the increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) from 98±3 to 140±6 mm Hg. The autoregulation index (AI; ΔCBF/ΔMAP) averaged 0.25±0.02 (n=6). O2·− in the brain was then increased by subdural perfusion of xanthine/xanthine oxidase (different concentrations) and catalase. Low concentrations of O2·− decreased basal CBF by 10±1.6% but had no effect on autoregulation (AI, 0.19±0.02; n=6). Higher concentrations of O2·− (0.2 mmol/L xanthine and either 3 or 20 mU xanthine oxidase) increased basal CBF by 30±2% and 42±4%, respectively, and impaired ...
On the non-albelian tensor square of a nilpotent group of class two

The nonabelian tensor square G ⊗ G of a group G is generated by the symbols g ⊗ h , g , h ∈ G , subject to the relations , for all g , g ′, h , h ′ ∈ G , where The tensor square is a special case of the nonabelian tensor product which has its origins in homotopy theory. It was introduced by R. Brown and J. L. Loday in [ 4 ] and [ 5 ], extending ideas of Whitehead in [ 6 ].
Noninvasive methodology for the sampling and extraction of DNA from free-ranging Atlantic spotted dolphins ( Stenella frontalis )

Genetic sampling and molecular investigations are important parts of studying wild populations. However, collecting tissues from free-ranging animals can be difficult or impractical. This study develops a sampling and extraction protocol for template DNA from faecal material collected in a marine environment from small cetaceans. DNA was extracted from faecal material of free-ranging Atlantic spotted dolphins ( Stenella frontalis ) and subsequently tested for its suitability in molecular investigations by amplifying both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. The resulting mitochondrial sequences were found to closely match known S. frontalis haplotypes. Three microsatellite loci were amplified and fall within the expected size range for cetaceans. Mother and calf families previously assigned by observation were genetically confirmed using both mitochondrial haplotype and allele sharing between the mother and offspring. The protocol effectively collects and extracts dolphin DNA from faecal samples and enables species identification as well as confirmation of genetic relatedness and should be considered as a noninvasive alternative to current protocols.
Preservice Teacher Understandings of Adolescent Literacy Development: Naive Wonder to Dawning Realization to Intellectual Rigor

How do secondary teacher candidates learn about their responsibility for the ongoing literacy development of their students? How do they gain the understandings and knowledge of instructional practices necessary to meet this responsibility within their content teaching? The authors document three stages of development their students progress through in the two integrated preservice courses they teach. In the first stage of “naive wonder,” the students exhibit enthusiasm for adolescent literacy development but provide only superficial, simplistic, and cliched responses. At the stage of “dawning realization,” students begin to recognize the challenges involved and shift their focus from themselves as teachers to their students as learners. By the end of the two integrated courses, the students were in the third stage and approaching their responsibility for literacy development with intellectual rigor.
The Emergence of Nonlinear Optics in the Factory

Nonlinear optical techniques may provide the competitive edge for quality control and enhanced manufacturability in the ever-challenging industrial arena. To this end, Pepper highlights in-process inspection of industrial components using laser ultrasonics with adaptive photodetectors, real-time pattern recognition and classification, and compensated fiber-based systems for high-brightness, high-average power laser beam delivery systems for material processing.
Laser irradiation of bone: II. Healing response following treatment by CO2 and Nd:YAG lasers.

Background: Currently, the most commonly used lasers for dental procedures are the Nd:YAG and CO2. Studies comparing healing of osteotomy defects prepared with rotary burs to those created by laser irradiation have reported conflicting results. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the histologic healing of bone in rat tibial osteotomy defects created either by a dental bur, CO2 laser with and without removal of the char layer, and Nd:YAG laser with char layer removed and with and without use of an air/water surface cooling spray. Methods: Tibial osteotomy defects were created in 4 groups of 6 rats each using the following: 1) #6 round bur with simultaneous saline irrigation; 2) CO2 laser with char layer intact; 3) CO2 laser with char layer removed; 4) Nd:YAG laser with air/water surface cooling, and char layer intact; 5) Nd:YAG laser with air/water surface cooling, and char layer removed; and 6) Nd:YAG laser without air/water surface cooling, and char layer removed. Both laser types were ...
EVALUATION OF PALATABILITY AND SELECTED NUTRIENTS OF BIVALVE MOLLUSCS GROWN IN CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT MARICULTURE AND NATURAL SYSTEMS

Clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) from the controlled environment system of the Delaware Mariculture Project and from the natural system of the Indian River Bay were selected for comparison of palatability and proximate composition. Sensory evaluations for appearance, texture, flavor and over-all acceptance were performed on steamed samples from both environmental treatments by eight trained taste panelists. No significant differences for these characteristics were found although there was a slight preference for the flavor of clams produced in the natural system. Analyses for protein, moisture, fat, and ash were made on the raw clams from both environmental treatments, and again there were no significant differences identified. From these data, it was concluded that the clams produced in the controlled environment process equalled the quality of those produced in natural systems.
Optimal Cooperative Thermalling of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Motivated by cooperative exploration missions, this chapter considers the use of thermals to increase the altitudes of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The mission of the UAVs is to travel through a given area and identify updrafts. The UAVs communicate to each other the location of each rise or fall in their altitude to form a map of the area. This imperfect map can then be used to identify areas of interest that may be potential thermals. The subsequent problem of utilizing these thermals is addressed from the viewpoint of information collection based on Shannon’s channel capacity equation. This method yields paths that achieve the intended result, to elevate the aircraft to higher altitudes, while benefiting from cooperation. Several illustrations are given.
Husserl’s Legacy in the Postmodern World

Postmodern thought has not been particularly kind to the philosophical contribution of Edmund Husserl. The most generous attitude toward Husserl within postmodernity is that his phenomenological program is a project that may have had its day but has now outworn its usefulness. It is something that one has moved beyond. Husserl’s legacy thus stands in danger of losing its significance in the parade of twentieth century continental currents of thought, displaying a serial succession from transcendental phenomenology (Husserl) to phenomenological ontology (Heidegger) to existential phenomenology (Merleau-Ponty) to linguistic phenomenology (Austin) to hermeneutical phenomenology (Gadamer and Ricoeur) to deconstructionism (Derrida) to postmodernism (Foucault, Deleuze, and Lyotard). In the aftermath of this succession, which is by no means an apostolic one, not much of phenomenology, and indeed very little of Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology, remains.
Is there really a spectrum crisis? Disentangling the regulatory, physical, and technological factors affecting spectrum license value

Abstract The policy world is awash with worries about spectrum shortages as demand for wireless services grows. Using data on more than 69,000 licenses from every FCC spectrum auction since 1996, this paper disentangles and quantifies major factors that differently contribute to license value. I find that, all else equal, flexible use licenses are significantly more valuable than licenses that proscribe certain uses, policy uncertainty depresses license value, and Verizon and AT&T pay more than other carriers for licenses. I also find that larger geographic definitions generally correlate with lower license values and, contrary to conventional wisdom, more bandwidth is not correlated with higher values. Finally, using auction data and information from large secondary trades, I find that spectrum prices have been increasing since the mid-2000s, though some evidence suggests that the rate of increase has been slowing.
The Relationship Between Industrialization Strategy and National IR/HR Policies in Asia: Singapore, Malaysia, The Philippines, and India

The case studies of Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, and India presented in this paper support the author's contention that a country's industrialization strategy for economic development profoundly influences its industrial relations (IR) and human resource (HR) policy goals. For example, he finds an association between an import substitution strategy and national IR/HR policy goals of pluralism and stability, and between an export-oriented strategy and an IR/HR policy goal of cost containment. These four countries diverged, however, in the specific institutions and arrangements they adopted to meet national IR policy goals, both because of different political choices made by the dominant actors (in these cases, the state) and because of different industrial relations histories.