cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Indexes are "out", models are "in"

What would it take to build a search engine possessing the knowledge, intelligence, and resourcefulness of my favorite research librarian? Her ability to interpret my inquiries, knowledgeably expand them, and then extrapolate them into a rich model for search and retrieval makes her an invaluable and pleasurable resource. She takes pride in knowing her library thoroughly, both spatially (where to physically find a book) and temporally (how her book inventory has changed and evolved). As she formulates her plan of attack, her sophisticated understanding of language, culture, experience, and other knowledge domain models simultaneously converge and are re-mapped onto the reality of her library. The task of information retrieval becomes an interactive adventure of human dimensions, full of the satisfaction of continuous discovery. Keyword matching is a crude and unsatisfying method for sampling the information content of complex sources such as the World Wide Web. These truncated representations fail to model the larger meaning embedded within the source-they leave behind all vital contextual information, and they strip away any basis for appraising the quality and veracity of the source. The worthless appears as the equal of the worthy. In the electronic future, when all books are digitized and available on line, I pray that we have a more skilled and interesting guide than Yahoo or WebCrawler staffing the circulation desk.
Biotic and abiotic uptake of phosphorus by periphyton in a subtropical freshwater wetland

Abstract Phosphorus (P) demand in extremely oligotrophic shallow water wetlands often exceeds supply and maintains water chemistry in a P-limiting condition. Phosphorus uptake by the calcareous periphyton community in the oligotrophic Florida Everglades was examined. Phosphorus removal from solution was used to obtain uptake parameters for epipelon, epiphyton, and metaphyton. Nutrient ratios (C:N:P) were higher in epiphyton compared to metaphyton or epipelon but all periphyton types were P-limited. Michaelis–Menten kinetic experiments resulted in Km values ranging from 8.5 to 16.4 μM and Vmax values ranging from 0.24 to 0.74 μmol g−1 dry weight min−1, in the order epiphyton, metaphyton, epipelon. Removal of inorganic P (Pi) as KH2PO4 and dissolved organic P (Po) as ATP from solution was best described by a first-order equation with rate constants ranging between 0.02 and 0.17 min−1. The values of Km were greater than ambient dissolved reactive P (DRP) concentrations ( 0.67 μmol g−1 DW min−1. After hydrolysis Po uptake was similar to Pi uptake. It was hypothesized that P adsorption with CaCO3 in the periphytic matrix would add to the removal of P from solution. Using H 3 32 PO 4 and [ 32 P ]ATP and a 0.01 M HCl extraction technique, P incorporated by epipelon was partitioned into biotic and abiotic compartments. The biotic compartment contained >83% of the incorporated P after 12 h incubations. Biological demand exceeds abiotic adsorption in this P-limited system but adsorption mechanisms are responsible for a portion (
2D localisation using SAW-based RFID systems: a single antenna approach

This paper presents a novel Real-Time Localisation System (RTLS) based upon 2.45 GHz Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems. The system utilises a novel localisation method that combines the angular rotation of the RFID reader's antenna system with the inherent Time-of-Flight (TOF) distance measurement capabilities of the SAW RFID system. The system design rests upon the sound physical fundamentals of electromagnetic radiation and SAW operation. The system was implemented and empirically evaluated. It was determined to provide accurate 2-Dimensional (2D) location of the SAW tag that is within 3.17 cm of the actual location for a reader to tag range of up to 10 m.
Postoperative seizures after extratemporal resections and hemispherectomy in pediatric epilepsy

Objectives: To estimate frequency and risk factors for acute postoperative seizures (APOS) within the first week after extratemporal cortical resection (ETR) and hemispherectomy (HS) in children and to assess the predictive value of APOS on long-term seizure outcome in this group. Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of children ( Results: Of 132 patients, 34 (26%) had APOS. APOS were more frequent after ETR (26/71) than HS (8/61) ( p p Conclusions: Acute postoperative seizures (APOS) occur in 26% children, and the risk is higher after extratemporal cortical resection than hemispherectomy. APOS predict a poor postoperative seizure outcome at 6, 12, and 24 months. This study is useful for counseling families after epilepsy surgery. It also suggests that APOS may not be discounted as “benign” in research studies that evaluate seizure outcomes after epilepsy surgery.
Studies on the reactivity of CDDO, a promising new chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent: implications for a molecular mechanism of action

CDDO, a semi-synthetic triterpenoid derived from oleanolic acid, has the potential to be used as a chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent. The structure of CDDO contains two α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moieties, suggesting a mechanism of action involving a conjugate nucleophilic addition. Spectroscopic evaluation with thiol nucleophiles illustrates that an addition does indeed occur, but this addition is selective and reversible.
On the Ontogenesis of Emotions and Emotion-Cognition Relationships in Infancy

In considering emotion development in infancy, it is important to remember that the emotions and the emotion system cannot be studied in isolation. The infant is a whole human being and the personality of the infant, like the personality of the adult, consists of an organization of a complexly interrelated set of subsystems. In a general sense, infant development can be considered as the process whereby these systems become effectively organized so that they interact and interrelate harmoniously in producing integrated behavior (Izard, 1971; Sroufe, 1977).
LUNG MUCOCILIARY FUNCTION IN MAN: INTERDEPENDENCE OF BRONCHIAL AND TRACHEAL MUCUS TRANSPORT VELOCITIES WITH LUNG CLEARANCE IN BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AND HEALTHY SUBJECTS

Abstract Mucociliary function at various generations of the tracheo-bronchial tree was studied in man after inhalation and deposition of radioactive particles by gamma camera imaging. Quantitative values for linear velocities of mucus movement in trachea and large bronchi could be compared with the clearance rates from the whole lung. Mucus transport velocity in normal subjects averaged 5.5 mm min -1 for the trachea and 2.4 mm min -1 for main bronchi, and these velocities were associated with average lung clearance rates of 0.51 % min -1 for particles deposited on the ciliated airways. Only two of six bronchial asthma patients had measurable large airway velocities; the remainder exhibited mucus stasis in hilar regions with failure of transport through major bronchi and trachea, which correlated with lung clearance of only 0.26% min -1 . Beta-adrenergic aerosols enhanced mucociliary function in the normal subjects by increasing both central airway mucus transport (bronchial and tracheal velocities were raised 156 and 37% respectively) and lung clearance (by at least 50%). In the patients, beta-adrenergic aerosol increased mucus transport velocities to 2.5 and 3.7 mm min -1 for the main bronchi and trachea, respectively, and lung clearance rate to 140% over control rate. The marked delay in mucus transport in bronchial asthma occurred despite central particle deposition, almost wholly on the ciliated airway, which should have produced rapid lung clearance of particles. These data indicate that the ratio of tracheal to bronchial mucus transport velocities is equal to 2.7 in the normal lung; that tracheal velocities are normally close to maximum stimulated by beta- adrenergic agonists; that large bronchi have velocities only 40% of maximum. Bronchial asthma patients combine depression of mucus transport in peripheral, bronchial and tracheal airways, and all transport values are susceptible to marked increases with beta-adrenergic agent.
Extended Charles–Hillig Theory for Stress Corrosion Cracking of Glass

The work originally performed by Charles and Hillig (C&H) on the chemical stress corrosion cracking of glass is based on the chemical reaction rate theory and restricts the analysis to only the kinetic change at the exact location of the crack tip. As a result, crack sharpening/blunting is predicted when the applied stress lies above/below the static fatigue limit. The present paper extends the investigation within the same physical framework to the geometric change of the entire cavity surface, particularly in the vicinity of the cavity apex region. It has been found that a physical-property-dependent parameter (m) exists which exerts a strong influence on the crack-tip morphology. In the case of m=mth, where mth is a threshold m which assumes a value of ∼ 45 for an elliptical cavity having a minor to major axes ratio of 0.01, the current predictions reduce to the C&H results. In general, however, m≠mth, and the single-valued fatigue limit degenerates into a range of applied stresses under which either enhanced blunting (m > mth) or necking (m 45, suggesting that enhanced blunting takes place at the crack tip when external loads are applied at a moderate level for a typical crack having an initial major to minor axes ratio > 100 in a soda–lime glass specimen.
Aircraft Laminar Flow Control

Aircraft laminar flow control (LFC) from the 1930s through the 1990s is reviewed and the current status of the technology is assessed. Examples are provided to demonstrate the benefits of LFC for subsonic and supersonic aircraft. Early studies related to the laminar boundary-layer flow physics, manufacturing tolerances for laminar flow, and insect-contamination avoidance are discussed. LFC concept studies in wind-tunnel and flight experiments are the major focus of the paper. LFC design tools are briefly outlined for completeness.
A comparison of the effectiveness of differing types and difficulty of music activities in programming for older adults with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three different types of music activities (movement, rhythm, and singing) presented at two levels of difficulty (high demand and low demand) for persons at three stages of cognitive functioning (high, medium, and low) as a result of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD). Trained observers, using a time sampiing tool, documented the quality of participation of 51 persons with ADRD during 12 weeks of music therapy group sessions in 5 different treatment settings. Quality of participation was documented using the following five categories: high response, low response, passive Involvement, passive disruption, and active disruption. Participants at all three stages of cognitive functioning showed a significantly greater amount of high response during movement activities than during singing activities. A significantly greater amount of passivity occurred during singing activities than during movement activities. Participants were more purposefully involved in rhythm and singing activities when those activities were presented at lower levels of demand. Disruptive behaviors occurred less than 10% of the time but were more frequently observed among those persons in the group with the most cognitive dysfunction.
An infrastructure for program power behavior characterization and optimization evaluation

Fine-grained program power behavior is useful in both evaluating power optimizations and observing power optimization opportunities. Detailed power simulation is time consuming and often inaccurate. Physical power measurement is faster and objective. However, fine-grained measurement generates enormous amounts of data in which locating important features is difficult, while coarse-grained measurement sacrifices important detail. This thesis presents a program power behavior characterization infrastructure that identifies program phases, selects a representative interval of execution for each phase, and instruments the program to enable precise and objective power measurement of these intervals to get their time-dependent power behavior. This infrastructure is constituted of three components for instrumentation, phase classification and power measurement, respectively. The Camino compiler, a GCC post-processor, is used to instrument the assembly code of a program on various levels. A phase classification algorithm using infrequent basic blocks and the combination of control-flow information and runtime event counts finds the representative intervals in terms of time-dependent power behavior. These selected intervals accurately characterize the fine-grained time-dependent behavior of the program, as well as accurately estimate the total energy consumption of a program. The power measurement method enables users to measure any specified region of program execution. A two-level profiling method implemented in this infrastructure maps the measured detailed power behavior back to source code. The accuracy of this infrastructure is validated on a StrongARM SA110 through simulation, and on an Intel Pentium 4 system through physical power measurement. This thesis also presents the uses of this infrastructure in understanding the power behavior of program components, such as procedures or loops, in finding good threshold for metrics used in dynamic voltage and frequency scaling, and in scheduling simultaneous multi-threaded programs for peak power optimization.
Untyped λ-Calculus with Relative Typing

A system of untyped λ-calculus with a restriction on function abstraction using relative typing analogous to the restriction on set comprehension found in Quine's set theory “New Foundations” is discussed. The author has shown elsewhere that this system is equiconsistent with Jensen's NFU (“New Foundations” with urelements)+Infinity, which is in turn equiconsistent with the simple theory of types with infinity. The definition of the system is given and the construction of a model is described. A semantic motivation for the stratification criterion for function abstraction is given, based on an abstract model of computation. The same line of semantic argument is used to motivate an analogy between the notion of “strongly Cantorian set” found in “New Foundations” and the notion of “data type”; an implementation of absolute types as domains of retractions with strongly Cantorian ranges is described. The implementation of these concepts in a theorem prover developed by the author is sketched.
Revisiting Nonresidential Environmental Exposures and Childhood Lead Poisoning in the US: Findings from Kansas, 2000–2005

Although blood lead levels (BLLs) in US children have dramatically declined over the past 40 years, there remain pockets of children living in areas with elevated BLLs. While some increases (≥10 μg/dL) may be associated with legacy lead paint, ambient air lead may be contributing to the problem. A deidentified dataset of information on over 60,000 Kansas children under 3 years of age who were tested for BLL was provided through the Kansas Environmental Public Health Tracking Network for the period 2000–2005. Using ArcGIS, we calculated distance (in miles) from a lead-emitting industry referred to as a toxic release inventory (TRI) site. The USEPA TRI database tracks the management of certain toxic chemicals that may pose a threat to human health. US facilities in different industry sectors must report annually amount of substances like lead into the environment including their exact location. Distance from a TRI site was inversely related to BLL after controlling for area-level poverty and pre-1950 housing. The results of our evaluation indicate there is a significant relationship between proximity to lead industry and childhood BLLs. Proximity to sources of lead emissions should be evaluated as a possible factor when identifying children for targeted BLL testing.
Model-based CMP aware RC extraction of interconnects in 16nm designs

Traditional RC extraction flows mostly consider interconnect thickness variations caused by etch and CMP processes in a way of rule-based approach where a form of tables or polynomials is used. While such rulebased approaches are easily incorporated into design flows, they are not inevitably accurate since tablelook- ups in rules are inherently taking simple (mostly one dimensional) typed patterns. Moreover, rules fail to account for the length scale and cumulative effects in both etch and CMP, thereby making them less accurate compared to physics-based models. In this paper, we introduce a model-based CMP aware RC extraction flow that uses the results of thickness simulations from Cadence CMP modeling tools. We apply the proposed model-based CMP aware RC extraction flow to several blocks in a 16 nm design, and compare the results of the proposed model-based flow with those of a traditional rule-based RC extraction flow. This paper also notes that running the model-based flow in conjunction with the traditional rule-based flow should cover the full range of RC variation along critical nets, and ensure faster timing closure.
Underestimation of Body-waves In Green's Function Retrieval And Its Implications

Studies on applying interferometry, for the case where both sources and receivers are on the surface, have shown that the extracted body-waves are extremely weak. We analyse the reasons for the underestimation of the body-waves extracted by interferometry, when sources and receivers are at the surface. The underestimation of the body-waves in seismic interferometry can potentially be used for ground-roll suppression. Therefore, we study the feasibility of the surface-wave reconstruction by interferometry.
Piloting a Clinical Resource Nurse Role

s / Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 21 (2015) S374eS390 S377 encouraged to voice concerns with alarm issues in daily rounds. Compliance and failures with the process are reviewed regularly with staff. Findings & Interpretation: From January 2013eJuly 2014, percent compliance with the CMCP increased from 30% to >98% compliance (median1⁄487%). Number of alarms per patient day decreased from 180 to 20 (median1⁄426) alarms/ day during this time period. The CMCP has sustained low numbers of alarms per monitored patient day. Discussion & Implications: The results of the CMCP have not only been sustained, but improved with time. The process has been integrated into the daily workflow of the BMT staff. With the number of false alarms down there is an improved work environment and re-sensitization to cardiac monitor alarms.
The density maxtrix for mixed state qubits and hyperbolic geometry

Density matrices for mixed state qubits, parametrized by the Bloch vector in the open unit ball of the Euclidean 3-space, are well known in quantum information and computation theory. By presenting new identities for the qubit density matrix we indicate its intimate relationship with Mobius addition and scalar multiplication. The latter, in turn, form the algebraic setting for the Poincare ball model of hyperbolic geometry so that, as a result, the qubit density matrix is linked to hyperbolic geometry.
Ostitis deformans Paget und sarkomatöse Entartung

Die seltene Lokalisation einer Ostitis deformans Paget am Calcaneus und die bislang nicht beschriebene sarkomatose Entartung an dieser Stelle, die ungewohnliche Tatsache chirurgischen Vorgehens sowie ein auffallender biochemischer Befund geben Anlas zum Bericht uber einen 62jahrigen Manu, bei dem seit 20 Jahren eine polyostotische Ostitis deformans Paget bekannt ist. Seit 3 Jahren bestanden Schmerzen im Bereich des rechten Fersenbeins, das in den letzten Monaten anschwoll und Entzundungszeichen zeigte. Nach rontgenologischer Diagnose einer Ostitis deformans des Fersenbeins erfolgte eine Rontgenentzundungsbestrahlung, die erfolglos blieb. Mit der Diagnose einer sarkomatosen Entartung einer Ostitis deformans am Calcaneus erfolgte die Krankenhausaufnahme.
Abstract 588: Inhibition of liver inflammation and tumorigenesis by blocking Ccl2-Ccr2 axis in a mouse model

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the second cancer-related deadly disease, commonly arises in the setting of chronic liver inflammation. CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), a chemokine that recruits CCR2-positive immune cells to promote inflammation, is highly upregulated in HCC patients. Here, we examined the therapeutic efficacy of inhibitors of the Ccl2-Ccr2 axis against hepatitis and HCC in the miR-122 knockout (aka KO) mouse model, in which upregulation of Ccl2 promotes liver inflammation that progresses to HCC with age. To determine whether blocking the Ccl2-Ccr2 axis has any therapeutic potential, we treated KO mice with Ccl2 neutralizing antibody (nab) or a small molecule inhibitor of Ccr2 and monitored liver pathology. Both agents were able to reduce the bridging inflammation in these mice by reducing the population of CD11highGr1+ cells, and expression of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in KO livers. Furthermore, treatment of tumor-bearing KO mice with Ccl2 nab for 8 weeks significantly reduced the recruitment of CD11bhighGr1+ monocytes, IL-6 and TNF-alpha production, and HCC incidence as well as tumor burden. The down-regulation of pStat3 and c-Myc (IL-6 downstream) as well as NF-kappaB (TNF-alpha downstream) upon targeting Ccl2 positively correlated with tumor growth suppression. In addition, inhibition of tumorigenesis by Ccl2 nab also correlated with enhanced cytotoxicity and IFN-gamma expression of NK cells isolated from the tumor microenvironment. Collectively, our results demonstrate that blocking the Ccl2-Ccr2 axis can be an effective therapeutic approach against both hepatitis and HCC. Citation Format: Kun-Yu Teng. Inhibition of liver inflammation and tumorigenesis by blocking Ccl2-Ccr2 axis in a mouse model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 588.
Conclusion: The Way to Peace

Hanser discusses the paths to peace, when the end of life is near and the meaning of life becomes a central theme. There are many ways to peace: finding your way home; finding the way to acceptance; or finding your way through anxiety, silence, ritual, and gratitude. Legacy work through music therapy involves writing songs about these themes and about the significance of the journey. Faith’s story ends with a song that lives on well beyond her years on earth, and Hanser reminds the reader of the challenges of losing a companion along the way. The future is an uncharted journey, with both endings and beginnings, and a continuing path for music therapist and companion.
The Deodhar Decomposition for the Grassmannian and the Positivity

In this chapter, we start to review the flag variety \(G/B^+\) for \(G=\mathrm {SL}_M(\mathbb R)\) and the Borel subgroup \(B^+\) of upper triangular matrices, and introduce the Deodhar decomposition of \(G/B^+\) [33, 34]. Then we give a refinement of the Schubert decomposition of \(\mathrm{Gr}(N, M)\) as a projection of the Deodhar decomposition, and parametrize each component of the refinement by introducing Go-diagram, which is a Young diagram decorated with black and white stones. In particular, if the Go-diagram has only white stones, it represents a projected Deodhar component of the totally nonnegative (TNN) Grassmannian \(\mathrm{Gr}(N, M)_{\ge 0}\). The Go-diagram in this case is the Open image in new window -diagram introduced by Postnikov in [103]. We also construct an explicit form of matrix \(A\in \mathrm{Gr}(N, M)_{\ge 0}\) as a point of the projected Deodhar component by using the parameterizations of the flag variety due to Marsh and Rietsch [83]. We conclude this section to give an algorithm to compute an explicit form of the matrix A and to discuss the positivity of A. Most of the materials presented here can be also found in [72].
Novel automated morphometric and kinematic handwriting assessment: A validity study in children with ASD and ADHD

ABSTRACTThis study presents construct validity for a novel automated morphometric and kinematic handwriting assessment, including (1) convergent validity, establishing reliability of automated measures with traditional manual-derived Minnesota Handwriting Assessment (MHA), and (2) discriminant validity, establishing that the automated methods distinguish populations of children with previously reported impairments in handwriting. Results revealed standard (manual derived) MHA, and comparable automated handwriting scores were highly correlated, providing evidence for convergent validity. Participants in the discriminant validity study included 167 children (ages 7–12 years old; 65 typically developing [TD], 45 attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], and 57 autism spectrum disorder [ASD]). Repeated measures ANOVAs were employed to test for diagnostic differences across conditions and groups; follow-up correlations using letter form were conducted to identify associations between handwriting and neu...
Effects of S-nitrosation of nitric oxide synthase

Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) is a key mammalian signaling molecule that affects numerous physiological processes. Mammals possess three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS): endothelial (eNOS), neuronal (nNOS), and inducible (iNOS). These isoforms differ in their tissue distribution, cellular location, regulation, and NO output. NO synthesized by eNOS and nNOS acts in a paracrine fashion, whereby NO generated in one cell acts upon an adjacent cell by binding to and activating soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). Activation of sGC by NO leads to a several hundredfold enhancement of cyclic guanidine monophosphate (cGMP) synthesis. Notable outcomes of elevated cGMP levels are neurotransmission and smooth muscle relaxation. iNOS is capable of synthesizing much higher steady-state levels of NO, and the toxicity of NO is harnessed as part of the innate immune response. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that NO targets proteins other than sGC. S-nitrosation is an example of nonclassical NO signaling, defined as sGC/cGMP-independent, and has garnered attention with regard to the regulation of NOS activity both in vitro and in vivo . The purpose of this review is to cover what is currently known about the S-nitrosation of NOS isoforms.
Circumcision anesthesia: a study of nursing implications for dorsal penile nerve block.

Purpose To compare responses to circumcision between a group of unanesthetized newborn males and a group having dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB). Method Thirty newborn males who met the selection criteria were randomly assigned to the treatment (n = 20) or control group (n = 10). Oxygen perfusion, blood pressure, respiratory rate, heart rate, and cardiac rhythm were measured before, during, and after circumcision. In addition, observations were recorded during the procedure on crying duration and type, vomiting, gagging, breath holding, and jitteriness. Data were analyzed by t-test, Mann-Whitney analysis, and frequencies. Findings There were no significant differences between groups except on physiologic and subjective stress reactions during circumcision. Conclusions The unanesthetized subjects displayed stress reactions that have implications for nursing care.
The Theory of the Firm, Costly Contracting, and Accounting

This commentary reflects disagreement with the view that costly contracting has had a major influence on the development of accounting. Consider the suggestions of several prominent accounting scholars: Watts and Zimmerman (1986, p. 107) "... that accounting and auditing arose as a monitoring device for the firm's contracts ...". Butterworth, Gibbins and King (1982, p. 29) "... that it is the contractual users of information that provide the primary economic impetus for the directions taken by conventional accounting principles." Also, Ball and Smith, as quoted in Parag. 1 of the text below. Ball and Smith base their emphasis on the importance of contracting to accounting on the Coasian proposition that firms would not exist without transaction costs (including, inter alia, contracting costs). I argue (1) that Coase's views do not support such an emphasis. Furthermore, I suggest (2) that the need for accounting information to support contracting is a subset of the broader, more important influence of conflicts of interests on the development of accounting. Finally, (3) I emphasize the symbiotic relationship between accounting and the integrated firm: integration has placed demands on accounting that has stimulated its development and accounting provides information that permits integrated firms to prosper and grow. Specifically, the special role of accounting demanded by the integration of activities into a firm is to supply estimates of the costs of inputs to, and the values of outputs from each of the several activities that are integrated.
Ocular Damage by Environmental Radiant Energy and Its Prevention

Sunlight is very rich in the ultraviolet wavelengths of radiant energy. The deepest penetration of ultraviolet energy into the body is through the eye. The cornea absorbs ultraviolet energy of wavelengths shorter than 300 nm and can be damaged by it (photokeratitis). Another target of UV damage is the DNA in the nuclei of corneal epithelial cells. Repair of the DNA is quite rapid, however, as is the replacement of damaged cells (Pitts et al., 1986). Ultraviolet energy reaching the lens is in the wavelength range of 300 to 400 nm. Nearly all of this ultraviolet energy is absorbed by the numerous light-absorbing, -scattering, and -fluorescing chemical species present in the human lens. These include RNA and DNA (absorption maxima, λ max, at 254 nm), proteins and amino acids (λ max at 280 nm and 260 nm, respectively), and numerous chromophores that absorb not only this shorter-wavelength UV energy, but also 300- to 400-nm UV and blue light. The chromophore concentration increases in humans with aging, which partially explains the darkening of the lens in the elderly (Lerman and Borkman, 1978).
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Acute Renal Failure

Continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRTs) have been developed to enable the critically ill patient with acute renal failure to be treated more effectively. Acute renal failure in the critically ill patient almost always develops in the setting of shock, sepsis, major surgery, and/or major trauma, and is invariably associated with multiorgan dysfunction and/or failure. In addition, these patients usually have hemodynamic and respiratory abnormalities that make conventional intermittent hemodialysis both technically difficult and fraught with many complications. The patient’s fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base status fluctuate widely within a 24-hour period; intermittent dialysis is not suited to these changing circumstances.
Modern survey sampling

A core area of statistics discipline is survey sampling. The survey sampling has undergone several phases to its current modern state. The book with the title ‘Modern Survey Sampling’ by Arijit Cha...
Application of deconvolution to recover frequency-domain multiplexed detector pulses

Abstract Multiplexing of radiation detectors reduces the number of readout channels, which in turn reduces the number of digitizer input channels for data acquisition. We recently demonstrated frequency domain multiplexing (FDM) of pulse mode radiation detectors using a resonator that converts the detector signal into a damped sinusoid by convolution. The detectors were given unique ”tags” by the oscillation frequency of each resonator. The charge collected and the time-of-arrival of the detector pulse were estimated from the corresponding resonator output in the frequency domain. In this paper, we demonstrate a new method to recover the detector pulse from the damped sinusoidal output by deconvolution . Deconvolution converts the frequency-encoded detector signal back to the original detector pulse. We have developed a new prototype FDM system to multiplex organic scintillators based on convolution and deconvolution. Using the new prototype, the charge collected under the anode pulse can be estimated from the recovered pulse with an uncertainty of about 4.4 keVee (keV electron equivalent). The time-of-arrival can be estimated from the recovered pulse with an uncertainty of about 102 ps. We also used a CeBr 3 inorganic scintillator to measure the Cs-137 gamma spectrum using the recovered pulses and found a standard deviation of 13.8 keV at 662 keV compared to a standard deviation of 13.5 keV when the original pulses were used. Coincidence measurements with Na-22 using the deconvolved pulses resulted in a timing uncertainty of 617 ps compared to an uncertainty of 603 ps using the original pulses. Pulse shape discrimination was also performed using Cf-252 source and EJ-309 organic scintillator pulses recovered by deconvolution. A figure of merit value of 1.08 was observed when the recovered pulses were used compared to 1.2 for the original pulses.
Studies to Predict Maintenance Time Duration and Important Factors From Maintenance Workorder Data

Maintenance Work Orders (MWOs) are a useful way ofrecording semi-structured information regarding maintenanceactivities in a factory or other industrial setting. Analysisof these MWOs could provide valuable insights regardingthe many facets of reliability, maintenance, and planning.Information such as which maintenance activities consumethe most work hours, identification of problem machines,and spare parts needs can all be inferred to some degreefrom well documented MWOs. However, before one canderive insights, it is first necessary to transform the data inthe MWOs (generally some form of natural language) intosomething more suitable for computer analysis. NIST previouslydeveloped a computer aided tagging system that allowsfor the quick identification of key concepts within the naturallanguage of the MWOs, and a protocol for categorizingthese concepts as solutions, problems, or items. Using thisannotation method, this paper investigates machine learningmethods to gain insights about work hours needed for variousmaintenance activities. Through these methods, it ispossible to explain the factors captured in the MWOs thathave the strongest relationship with the duration of maintenanceactions. The workflow of this research is to firstbuild strong data driven models to classify the duration ofany maintenance activity based on the language and conceptsgathered from the associated MWO. Sensitivity analysis ofthe inputs to these classifiers can then be used to determinerelationships and factors influencing maintenance activities.This paper investigates two machine learning models - aneural network classifier and a decision tree classifier. Inputfeatures for the classifier were the annotated concept tags for solutions, problems and items derived from MWOs of anactual manufacturer. This process for gaining insights can begeneralized to various applications in the maintenance andPHM communities.
MxU: Towards Predictable, Flexible, and Efficient Memory Access Control for the Secure IoT

The advanced functionality requirements of modern embedded and Internet of Things (IoT) devices -- from autonomous vehicles, to city and power-grid management -- are driving an ever-increasing software complexity. At the same time, the pervasive internet connections of these systems necessitate the fundamental design of security into these devices. The isolation of complex features from those that are critical through protection domains is an effective means to constrain the scope of faults and security breaches. Common hardware-provided memory facilities to enforce protection domains through memory access control -- including Memory Management Units (MMUs) usually found in microprocessors, and Memory Protection Units (MPUs) usually found in microcontrollers -- must meet the goals of enabling flexible, efficient and dynamic management of memory, and must enable tight bounds on the worst-case execution of critical code. Unfortunately, current system memory management facilities are ill-prepared to handle this challenge: MMUs that use extensive caches to achieve strong average-case performance suffer from debilitating worst-case and even average-case behavior under hefty interference, while MPUs struggle to provide flexible memory management.This paper details MxU, a memory protection and allocation abstraction that integrates temporal specifications into the memory management subsystem, to enable portable code to achieve both predictable, tightly-bounded execution and dynamic management across both MMU- and MPU-based systems. We implement MxU in the Composite microkernel, and evaluate its flexibility and predictability over two different architectures: a MPU-based Cortex-M7 microcontroller and a MMU-based Cortex-A9 microprocessor using a suite of modern applications including neural network-based inference, SQLite, and a javascript runtime. For MMU-based systems, MxU reduces application TLB stall by up to 68.0%. For MPU-based systems, MxU enables flexible dynamic memory management often with application overheads of 1%, increasing to 6.1% under significant interference.
Levator Avulsion: A Review of Surgical Anatomy and Repair Technique for Primary Posterior Perineal Hernias

Video Objective Perineal hernias are exceptionally uncommon gynecologic pathologies that may have a drastic impact on women's health. Hernias that contain pelvic visceral structures present an especially unique challenge that requires immediate attention. Evidence is lacking as to the optimal surgical approach. Our objective is to describe our minimally-invasive technique for the repair of primary posterior perineal hernias with symptomatic bladder prolapse. Setting This patient is a sixty-two year-old female who presented with a large bulge in her left buttock and a chief complaint of difficulty urinating that required reduction in order to void. Her medical history is significant for a prior vaginal delivery without complications, and a prior rectocele repair. Outpatient workup that included cystogram, CT and MRI imaging revealed a left perineal hernia that involved the entire bladder. She was diagnosed with a posterior perineal hernia. Interventions This patient's condition was treated via surgical management. Due to the large defect size and absent levator ani musculature, re-approximation for pelvic support was not feasible and thus a 5 × 4 cm segment of propylene mesh was placed and sutured between the left vaginal sidewall and left pelvic sidewall periosteum. Following, a sacrocolpopexy was performed to repair her perineal descent, and the prolapsed bladder was replaced with a psoas hitch procedure to the contralateral side. Conclusion Primary posterior perineal hernias with concomitant symptomatic bladder prolapse may be repaired with a sacrocolpopexy, paravaginal mesh placement, and a psoas hitch procedure. Using a robotic-assisted, minimally-invasive repair technique has been proven to have favorable short-term outcomes regarding symptomatology as well as anatomic replacement of pelvic viscera. Patients should be counseled about the option for surgical management of perineal hernias, as well as the need for future research to evaluate the long-term outcomes and quality of life markers following transabdominal laparoscopic perineal hernia repairs with use of mesh placement.
Characterization of worm reefs (Sabellaria vulgaris) in Delaware Bay, United States

Abstract Coastal ecosystems face increasing demands on their resources by tourism, fishing, energy construction, mining, residential development, and dredging. Documenting the impacts of these activities on benthic communities and substrates enables managers, planners, and monitors to gauge ecosystem health based on community assemblage, reef extent, and beach characteristics. Ecosystem engineers like Sabellaria vulgaris, oyster reefs, and coral reefs provide food, habitat, and biodiversity to areas typically devoid of such aspects. Due to the large spatial and temporal variance in worm reef ecosystems, traditional biologically sampling can be expensive and time-consuming. Combining biological sampling with aerial drone orthomosaics and digital elevation models enables accurate, rapid mapping of these unique shoreline stabilizing reefs when exposed during spring low tides. Reef structures were observed to trap sediment, attenuate wave energy, and increase subaerial beach volume following the 2016 winter storm season (December to April). Enhancement of biodiversity (abundance, biomass), sediment-trapping, and wave attenuation are performed by large aggregations of multigenerational worms only found within Delaware Bay, United States, thereby promoting the need for repeat monitoring and management to maintain these fragile benthic ecosystems.
Ablation of Proliferating Osteoblast Lineage Cells After Fracture Leads to Atrophic Nonunion in a Mouse Model

Nonunion is defined as the permanent failure of a fractured bone to heal, often necessitating surgical intervention. Atrophic nonunions are a subtype that are particularly difficult to treat. Animal models of atrophic nonunion are available; however, these require surgical or radiation-induced trauma to disrupt periosteal healing. These methods are highly invasive and not representative of many clinical nonunions where osseous regeneration has been arrested by a "failure of biology". We hypothesized that arresting osteoblast cell proliferation after fracture would lead to atrophic nonunion in mice. Using mice that express a thymidine kinase (tk) "suicide gene" driven by the 3.6Col1a1 promoter (Col1-tk), proliferating osteoblast lineage cells can be ablated upon exposure to the nucleoside analog ganciclovir (GCV). Wild-type (WT; control) and Col1-tk littermates were subjected to a full femur fracture and intramedullary fixation at 12 weeks age. We confirmed abundant tk+ cells in fracture callus of Col-tk mice dosed with PBS. The remainder of mice were dosed with GCV twice daily for 2 or 4 weeks. Histologically, we observed diminished periosteal cell proliferation in Col1-tk mice 3 weeks post fracture. Moreover, Col1-tk mice had less osteoclast activity, mineralized callus, and vasculature at the fracture site compared to WT mice. Additional mice were monitored for 12 weeks with in vivo radiographs and microCT scans, revealing delayed bone bridging and reduced callus size in Col1-tk mice. Following sacrifice, ex vivo microCT and histology demonstrated failed union with residual bone fragments and fibrous tissue in Col1-tk mice. Biomechanical testing demonstrated a failure to recover torsional strength in Col1-tk mice, in contrast to WT. Our data indicates that suppression of proliferating osteoblast-lineage cells for at least 2 weeks after fracture blunts the formation and remodeling of a mineralized callus leading to a functional nonunion. We propose this as a new murine model of atrophic nonunion.
Addressing the problem of ‘Ecclesiastical drift’ in Catholic Religious Education

Philip Phenix’s (1964) book Realms of meaning: A philosophy of the curriculum for general education started the ever growing movement concerned with how school education might help young people in ...
Osteosarcoma tumors maintain intertumoral heterogeneity, even while adapting to environmental pressures that drive clonal selection

Osteosarcoma exhibits marked patient-to-patient heterogeneity, but little is known about heterogeneity within individual tumors. This study focuses on the roles that phenotypic plasticity and clonal selection play as tumors adapt to primary and metastatic microenvironments. We show that osteosarcomas have a high degree of transcriptional heterogeneity, like osteoblasts, that is retained even after prolonged cell culture or adaptation to changing microenvironments. We find that both cell lines and PDXs grown in cell culture or as flank tumors adopt markedly different transcriptional profiles when grown as primary bone tumors or metastatic lung lesions. By combining lineage tracing with single-cell transcriptomics, we find that very little clonal selection occurs when tumors grow in the tibia, but significant expansion of select clones occurs when grown as experimental metastases in the lung. Interestingly, the selective pressures that drive clonal expansion do not cause narrowing of transcriptional phenotypes. By comparing the phenotypes from transcriptional clusters in orthotopic/metastatic tumor pairs, we identify a transcriptional signature that is shared among clusters that become enriched during lung colonization. This includes responses to IFNG, TNF, PDGF, previously unidentified IL1B, and a shift away from genes associated with glycolysis and toward those associated with oxidative metabolism. The metastatic microenvironment enriches for phenotypically diverse clones that each display metabolic properties that engender fitness within the metastatic microenvironment. Together, these data suggest that an underlying program, possibly a developmental program retained from the tissue of origin, maintains phenotypic heterogeneity, even during adaptation to changing microenvironmental conditions.
The Effect of School Funding on Opportunity Gaps for Students With Disabilities: Policy and Context in a Diverse Urban District:

School finance reform has recently centered on providing schools with more equitable access to resources to reduce opportunity gaps for students. Although special education is often a prominent par...
Effectiveness of Music Interventions to Reduce Test Anxiety in Pharmacy Students.

Background: The main objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the impact of a classroom activity involving music on anxiety associated with preparing for and taking an assessment. Methods: Two hundred and two (202) pharmacy students were randomly assigned to one of two conditions of the experimental study: active music playing (n = 103) versus passive music listening (n = 99). All students completed a pre-test, a mid-test, and a post-test including: an “Attitudes and Perceptions” survey, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults (STAI Survey), and a knowledge assessment. Data were analyzed to determine the impact each of the music interventions had on students’ test anxiety. Results: Both types of musical interventions produced similar results in terms of anxiety reduction. Faced with an upcoming test prior to the musical intervention, average state-trait anxiety scores increased; after the musical intervention, state-trait anxiety scores decreased. Conclusions: The use of music helped to reduce test anxiety, even after one brief musical intervention, regardless of whether students passively listened to music or actively played music.
Material counter-cartographies: (Un)mapping (in)justice, spatial wounding, and abstract reticulations

This article takes an arts-based approach to unmasking the (wounded) naming histories of public schools within a 20-miles radius of a university in central Florida. It applies an artistic methodolo...
In Vivo Monitoring of Dog’s Knee Flexion Using Wearable Wrap-Around Coils

Our aim in this paper is to validate a new class of wrap-around coils for seamless monitoring of joint flexion angles under in vivo settings in dogs. Resonant wrap-around coils operating at 31 MHz of unequal radii are integrated on a knee brace and are shown to measure knee joint flexion of a dog (golden retriever) from 30° (full extension) to 110°. This method has the potential to operate in non-contrived environments, hence overcoming shortcomings in state-of-the-art motion capture. By allowing for continuous monitoring of joint flexion, large datasets can be collected in natural settings to better understand knee function and help develop improved rehabilitation protocols.