cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Suppression of local intestinal immunoglobulin A immune response to cholera toxin by subcutaneous administration of cholera toxoids.

Cholera toxin has been shown to modulate immune responses, generally producing enhancement when administered simultaneously with antigen and suppression when administered a day or more earlier. In a previous study using chronically isolated ileal loops in rabbits, we found that two subcutaneous (s.c.) "priming" and "boosting" doses of biologically active cholera toxin suppressed the local intestinal immunoglobulin A response to intraloop doses of cholera toxin. In the study reported here, two different biologically inactive but antigenically intact cholera toxoids, glutaraldehyde toxoid and choleragenoid, where administered s.c. by the same immunization schedule as for toxin in the earlier experiment. Suppression of local immune response to intraloop cholera toxin as compared with animals receiving no s.c. inoculations was again found. The results suggest that in this model suppression was immunological (mediated by an immunological mechanism) rather than toxigenic (mediated by biological activity of cholera toxin). In addition, the occurrence of suppression of local intestinal immune response after systemic immunization suggests that suboptimal protection against enteric infections could occur after s.c. vaccination.
Modeling protonation equilibria in biomolecules

pH is one of the fundamental physiological variables. In fact, serious illness is usually associated with deviations of blood pH only a few tenths from the normal value, 7.4. It is very unlikely that the effects of abnormal pH result from the destructive chemical action of protons or hydroxide; if this were the case, a blood pH of 6.8, say, would not be dangerous. It is more likely that the sensitivity of organisms to pH results chiefly from the influence of pH upon the stability and reactivity of the many biomolecules that possess acidic and basic chemical groups. If this is correct, then the ill effects of abnormal pH values should become substantial for pH changes that correspond to free energy changes equal to the thermal energy, ~ RT. Given that ΔΔG = ωpH(RT/loge) = ΔpH(RT/0.43) [1], the critical pH change should be about 0.4. In fact, this defines quite well the range of blood pH values that are tolerable to humans.
Accuracy of Measures of Medication Adherence in a Cholesterol-Lowering Regimen:

This study examined the concordance between multiple measures of adherence, as well as sensitivity to detection of poor adherers, specificity, and predictive validity using a daily cholesterol-lowering regimen. Participants (N = 180) aged 24 to 60 years participated in an adherence ancillary study in a clinical trial. Males constituted 53.9% of this well-educated, community sample. Data on adherence were collected over a 6-month period, using electronic monitoring, self-report, specific recall, and pill counts. Electronically monitored (odds ratio [OR] = 5.348) and Shea self-report (OR = 2.678) predicted cholesterol lowering. Days (78.9%) and intervals (84.2%) adherent and the Shea (73.7%) were sensitive to the detection of poor adherers. Moderate associations were found between measures of the same type. Low correlations were found otherwise. The electronic monitor was the most accurate and informative measure. The Shea self-report was the most accurate brief, global estimate of adherence. Other measures were not associated with clinical outcome or sensitive to poor adherence.
Corneal wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy: a 3-year confocal microscopy study.

Purpose: To perform a sequential quantitative analysis of corneal wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) by using confocal microscopy in vivo. Methods: In a prospective, nonrandomized, comparative trial performed in an institutional setting, 24 eyes of 14 patients received PRK to correct refractive errors between −1.25 and −5.75 D. Central corneas were examined preoperatively and at 1 day, 5 days, and 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after PRK by using confocal microscopy. A masked observer randomly examined 3 to 6 confocal scans per eye per visit to determine epithelial and stromal thickness, keratocyte density in 5 anterior-posterior stromal layers, corneal nerve density in the subbasal region and the stroma, and corneal light backscattering (corneal haze). Results: Epithelial thickness increased 21% (P<.001) by 12 months after PRK and thereafter remained unchanged to 36 months after PRK. There was no change in stromal thickness between 1 and 36 months after PRK (P = .35). The dense keratocyte population in the preoperative anterior 10% of the stroma (32,380 ± 5,848 cells/mm 3 ) that was partially or completely removed during photoablation was not reconstituted at 36 months in the anterior 10% of the post-PRK stroma (17,720 ± 4,308 cells/mm 3 , P<.001). Subbasal nerve fiber bundle density was decreased 60% at 12 months after PRK (P<.001) before returning to densities at 24 and 36 months after PRK that were not significantly different from preoperative values (P = 1.0). Activated keratocytes and corneal haze peaked at 3 months after PRK. Conclusions: Wounding of the cornea by PRK alters the normal structure, cellularity, and innervation of the cornea for up to 36 months.
Exome sequencing: a transformative technology

Summary Background Much basic research into disease mechanisms has made use of genetic findings to model and understand aetiology. Broad success has been achieved in finding disease-linked mutations with traditional positional cloning approaches; however, because of the requirements of this method, these successes have been limited by the availability of large, well characterised families. Because of these and other restrictions the genetic basis of many diseases, and diseases in many families, remains unknown. Recent developments Exome sequencing uses DNA-enrichment methods and massively parallel nucleotide sequencing to comprehensively identify and type protein-coding variants throughout the genome. Coupled with growing databases that contain known variants, exome sequencing makes identification of genetic mutations and risk factors possible in families and samples that were deemed insufficiently informative for previous genetic studies. Not only does exome sequencing enable identification of mutations in families that were undetectable with linkage and positional cloning methods, but compared with these methods, it is also much quicker and cheaper. Use of exome sequencing has so far been successful in many rare diseases. Where next? Exome sequencing is being adopted widely and we can expect an abundance of mutation discovery, similar to the deluge of genome-wide-association findings reported over the past 5 years; it is expected to enable the discovery of not only rare causal variants, but also protein-coding risk variants. This method will have application in both the research and clinical arenas and sets the scene for the use of whole-genome sequencing.
Resolution of insitu Interaction Energies between Molecules and the Reaction Center QA Site: Implications for Electron Transfer Function

We are interested in identifying the features of the cofactor-protein interaction which allow quinones and other molecules to perform intraprotein electron transfer reactions when bound at the primary quinone, or QA, site of the photosynthetic reaction center protein (RC) of Rhodobacter sphaeroides R26. This requires quantitation of the energetic contributions of specific, non-bonded contacts between cofactor and protein, such as hydrogen bonds and other strong electrostatic interactions. The strengths of these interactions are highly sensitive to the charge state of the conjugate oxidized and reduced forms (see 1), and thus influence the free energy gap for the electron transfer reaction through modulation of the quinone in situ midpoint potential (Em).
Conservative Protestantism and the Division of Household Labor among Married Couples

To date, few studies have examined the role of religion, especially conservative (i.e., fundamentalist and evangelical) Protestantism, in shaping the division of housework. The authors begin by reviewing popular writings on gender and family life by contemporary conservative Protestants, focusing on the competing discourses of traditionalist and egalitarian evangelicals. Then, the authors analyze data on a large U.S. sample of married couples from Wave 1 of the National Survey of Families and Households to compare conservative Protestant housework patterns with those among nonevangelical couples. Conservative Protestant wives perform more housework overall and spend more time doing “female-typed” labor than their nonevangelical peers. These differences are then traced to religious variations in spousal and household resources and also to a distinctive evangelical gender ideology. Interestingly, few religious differences in men's housework patterns are observed. Implications of these findings are discussed...
The Erdos-Hajnal Conjecture|A Survey

The Erdos-Hajnal conjecture states that for every graph H, there exists a constant (H) > 0 such that every graph G with no induced subgraph isomorphic to H has either a clique or a stable set of size at leastjV (G)j (H) . This paper is a survey of some of the known results on this conjecture.
On “Muscle architecture predicts maximum strength…” Moreau NG, Simpson KN, Teefey SA, Damiano DL. Phys Ther. 2010;90:1619–1630.

Regarding Figure 2 in this article,1 I would like to note the apparent conflict between what the scatterplots in Figure 2 show and what the …
Related problems of knowledge discovery

Research within the communities of informatics, scientometrics, cybermetrics and knowledge discovery has, until recently, occurred in comparative isolation. In spite of this isolation, there are common concerns and techniques that would benefit from a cross-fertilization of ideas. In this paper, these research areas are defined in terms of data, application and discipline. A shared set of analysis tools and theoretical approaches are identified and presented toward the goal of establishing a shared theoretical basis for the disciplinary problems.
Increased synthesis of ribonucleic acids in mouse liver after treatment with a nonionic detergent

A single injection of Tween 40 (polyoxyethylene(20)sorbitan monohexanoate) in the dose range of 600--800 mg/kg body weight induced an increased short-term labeling especially of poly(A)-containing mRNAs in mouse liver (using either [3H]orotic acid or [32P]orthophosphate as RNA precursors), and apparently increased the turnover rates of both rRNAs and mRNAs in this organ over a period of 24 h. In the early period (4 h) after the injection of Tween 40, there was also a significant increase in the content of 32P-labeled adenylic acid in microsomal poly(A)-mRNA fraction. The activity of DNA-dependent RNA polymerases in the nuclei of treated animals was stimulated up to 60% over that in control nuclei in the same period after detergent injection.
Dynamics of selenium species in a wetland system of Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA

The cumulative selenium in the Great Salt Lake via inflow can cause damage to fish and migratory birds at high concentration. One of the influx passages of selenium to the lake is through wetland systems which can be a natural method to reduce selenium concentration if favorable conditions are met. A series of nine integrated ponds was selected to study the lake selenium input and its behavior, receiving flow from the Jordan River through the Surplus Canal delivering to Farmington Bay at southeast of the lake. The variations of selenium species in diurnal cycle each in Spring, Summer, and Fall of 2006 were examined. Hourly values of dissolved oxygen (DO), redox potential (Eh), and pH of each pond were recorded for evaluating concentration of each of selenium species using the Eh-pH diagram. The accuracy of the diagram was cross checked by comparison to the hydride-generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS) which was found to be less than 2% error. Rising in the morning and dropping at night, the DO, Eh and pH fluctuated for the whole 24 hours resulting from biochemical effect. Hourly concentration for the selenium species was determined for all of the nine ponds during each season. The fluctuation patterns of total selenium were similar for all ponds, higher during 11 am to 5 pm, lower at night and lowest in the morning during 8 to 10 am. Of the four species, selenate and selenite dominated over elemental selenium and selenide for all three seasons. Selenate being higher during Spring but lower in Fall and dominated during Summer only at the upstream of the system whilst Selenite was the dominant species at the mid and downstream system. In total, the annual average results show total selenium concentration decreases towards the lake from 1.25 ppb at the first inlet pond to 0.50 ppb at the ninth pond. From this study we should ascertain the appropriate time to best release the water into the lake.
Geographic Variation of Larval Growth in North American Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae), invaded eastern North America in 1985 and subsequently spread across a range of ≈14° latitude. We used a common garden, full-sib experimental design to assess population differentiation and quantify within-population genetic variance for larval growth rate, body size (=pupal mass), and preadult developmental period of three populations from each of Florida (≈27° N), Texas (≈29° N), and New Jersey (≈40° N) reared at both 16 and 26°C. Both larval growth rate and body size were affected by a three-way interaction between region (Florida, Texas, and New Jersey), temperature, and sex, indicating that regional differences depended upon both temperature and sex. We found consistent but weak trends toward increased larval growth rate, increased pupal mass, and decreased preadult developmental period in northern relative to southern populations. Among-family (genetic) variance of pupal mass was significantly greater in New Jersey than in Texas and Florida populations at 16°C but not 26°C. Among-family variance for larval growth rate and preadult developmental period did not differ among regions. These results are discussed with respect to the life history evolution of Ae. albopictus across its range in North America.
The effect of spaceborne microwave and ground-based continuous lightning measurements on forecasts of the 1998 groundhog day storm

This study seeks to evaluate the impact of several newly available sources of meteorological data on mesoscale model forecasts of the extratropical cyclone that struck Florida on 2 February 1998. Intermittent measurements of precipitation and integrated water vapor (IWV) distributions were obtained from Special Sensor Microwave/ Imager (SSM/I) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) observations. The TMI also provided sea surface temperatures (SSTs) with structural detail of the Loop Current and Gulf Stream. Continuous lightning distributions were measured with a network of very low frequency radio receivers. Lightning data were tuned with intermittent spaceborne microwave radiometer data through a probability matching technique to continuously estimate convective rainfall rates. A series of experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effect of those data on mesoscale model forecasts produced after assimilating processed rainfall and IWV for 6 h. Assimilating processed rainfall, IWV, and SSTs from TMI measurements in the model yielded improved forecasts of precipitation distributions and vertical motion fields. Assimilating those data also produced an improved 9-h forecast of the radar reflectivity cross section that was validated with a coincident observation from the TRMM spaceborne precipitation radar. Sensitivity experiments showed that processed rainfall information had greater impact on the rainfall forecast than IWV and SST information. Assimilating latent heating in the correct location of the forecast model was found to be more important than an accurate determination of the rainfall intensity.
Determinants of muscle protein synthesis in severe pediatric burns (703.5)

Introduction: Following a major burn, a large increase in skeletal muscle protein breakdown is seen. The simultaneous increase in muscle protein synthesis cannot completely compensate for the break...
Multivariate models for human genetic analysis: aggregation, coaggregation, and tracking of systolic blood pressure and weight.

A multivariate path model parameterizing the sources of familial aggregation and coaggregation of systolic blood pressure and weight, as well as their tracking across time, is applied to longitudinal data collected in Muscatine, Iowa. Genetic, common household, and individual environmental effects, pleiotropy, and a direct regression effect of blood pressure on weight are parameterized. The sample consisted of 998 individuals distributed in 261 families of whom 601 were measured on four successive occasions. The data were divided with times 1 and 2 forming group 1, and times 3 and 4, group 2. Model fitting and estimation was performed using group 1, followed by testing the model and estimates using the data in group 2. Heritability estimates for systolic blood pressure and weight were .15 and .54, respectively. The genetic correlation between these traits was nonsignificant, but there was a significant direct regression effect. The results indicate that 30% of the full-sib correlation for systolic blood pressure is attributable to the aggregation of weight. In terms of tracking, 59% and 60% of the predicted systolic blood pressure and weight correlations, respectively, were attributable to genetic effects. Testing the model from group 1 in group 2 indicates that the qualitative relationships between blood pressure and weight are stable with time.
An assessment of the safety, hemodynamic response, and diagnostic accuracy of commonly used vasodilator stressors in patients with severe aortic stenosis

Increasing numbers of patients are undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement, which often involves assessment of coronary artery disease ischemic burden. The safety and diagnostic accuracy of vasodilator stress agents in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) has not been established. Patients with severe AS (valve area 20 mmHg decrease in systolic BP. Age, BMI, and resting systolic BP were related to a >20 mmHg decrease in systolic BP on univariate analysis, although only higher resting systolic BP was a predictor on multivariate analysis. In 33 patients who underwent angiography, the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of vasodilator stress MPI was 77%, 69%, and 73%, respectively. No serious adverse events occurred in the severe AS patients. Severe AS patients are more likely to have a hemodynamically significant decrease in systolic BP with vasodilator stress. There were no serious adverse events in this severe AS cohort with good diagnostic performance of MPI compared to angiography.
Treatment of Radiation-Induced Urethral Strictures

Radiation therapy may result in urethral strictures from vascular damage. Most radiation-induced urethral strictures occur in the bulbomembranous junction, and urinary incontinence may result as a consequence of treatment. Radiation therapy may compromise reconstruction due to poor tissue healing and radionecrosis. Excision and primary anastomosis is the preferred urethroplasty technique for radiation-induced urethral stricture. Principles of posterior urethroplasty for trauma may be applied to the treatment of radiation-induced urethral strictures. Chronic management with suprapubic tube is an option based on patient comorbidities and preference.
Enhanced production, purification, and characterization of propionicin PLG-1, a bacteriocin produced by Propionibacterium thoenii P127

44 Introduction 45 Materials and Methods 47 Bacterial strains 47 Fermentation media 47 Fermentations 48 Recovery of propionicin PLG-1 48 Bacteriocin activity assay 49 Viable cell determination 50 Organic acid determinations 50 Effect of metal ions on bacteriocin production and stability 50 Results and Discussion 50 Standardized conditions for the well difiusion assay 50 Assessment of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ATCC 4797 as an indicator 52 organism Effect of Tween 80 on propionicin PLG-1 recovery 53 Modification of growth medium to improve bacteriocin production 55 Effect of metal ions on bacteriocin production and stability 56 Acknowledgments 57 References 58 PURIFICATION AND PARTL\L AMINO ACID SEQUENCE OF PROPIONICIN 65 PLG-1, A BACTERIOCIN PRODUCED BY PROPIONIBACTERIUM THOENII P127 Abstract 65 Introduction 6665 Introduction 66 Materials and Methods 67 Bacterial cultures and media 67 Production of propionicin PLG-1 68 Ammonium sulfate precipitation 68
Cyber violence: What do we know and where do we go from here?

Abstract This paper reviews the existing literature on the relationship between social media and violence, including prevalence rates, typologies, and the overlap between cyber and in-person violence. This review explores the individual-level correlates and risk factors associated with cyber violence, the group processes involved in cyber violence, and the macro-level context of online aggression. The paper concludes with a framework for reconciling conflicting levels of explanation and presents an agenda for future research that adopts a selection, facilitation, or enhancement framework for thinking about the causal or contingent role of social media in violent offending. Remaining empirical questions and new directions for future research are discussed.
Evaluating genetic susceptibility with genomewide association studies.

ED03-02 Increasing information about single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and technological advances have made genome-wide association studies an exciting avenue for evaluating genetic susceptibility. However, a number of critical issues in the design, analysis, and interpretation of such studies remain. Here I will first discuss design issues in genome-wide association studies, including multi-stage approaches and SNP sets. Then I will consider the analysis of these studies, presenting a hierarchical modeling framework that can improve conventional analytic approaches by incorporating existing information about the SNPs.
Improving yield and mineral nutrient concentration of potato tubers through cover cropping

Abstract Over-fertilization of food crops has resulted in increased environmental concerns over the past decades. On the other hand, literature indicates a decline in concentration of mineral nutrients in vegetables in the past 50 years. Thus, a need occurs to employ cropping systems that are less dependent on fertilization while maintaining yield and nutritive value of food crops. This study evaluated tuber yield and nutrient concentration of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) following rye (Secale cereale L.), forage radish (Raphanus sativus L.), winter pea (Pisum sativum L.) and no cover crops (NCC). Four nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates (0, 75, 150, and 225 kg N ha−1) were applied to a red-skinned potato cultivar (Dark Red Norland) and a buff-skinned one (Superior). Overall, potatoes grown after cover crops produced 13–25% more tubers compared to NCC. Potatoes following NCC needed to be fertilized at 225 kg N ha−1 to produce the highest yield of 26.5 Mg ha−1, whereas potatoes after winter pea or forage radish produced the same or higher yields (10–25%) at 75 or 150 kg N ha−1, respectively. Rye provided less N to a succeeding potato crop than forage radish or winter pea; however, potatoes following rye produced a greater yield than those planted after NCC. Potatoe tubers in cover crop plots accumulated more mineral nutrients compared to NCC; however, the differences among cover crops were not always significant. Overall, forage radish and winter pea were better alternatives to rye as indicated by less N fertilizer application, sustained tuber yield, and tuber mineral nutrient concentration.
The Light Orchard: an immersive display platform for collaborative tangible interaction

This paper describes the Light Orchard, an installation that encourages crowds to collaboratively interact with a tangible field of information, visualized by 36 lantern stations. The interface is presented through as a stack of lantern shades, which can track user interaction through touch, motion, and sound. The system is designed as a platform capable of displaying multiple different games, animations, and simulations, and adapts to support many different group interactions.
Atomistic Modeling of Quantum Dots at Experimentally Relevant Scales Using Charge Equilibration

Quantum dots (QDs) have been successfully employed within a vast array of fundamental and applied studies spanning all subdisciplines of chemistry. However, ab initio models of QD behavior are inherently limited by computational cost due to the large number of atoms within QDs of experimentally relevant size. This work builds upon the method of charge equilibration (qEQ) to account for system interactions unique to QDs (QD-qEQ) and demonstrates accuracy through calculated per-QD energies and dipole moments that agree generally with ab initio calculations and experimental observation, respectively. By forgoing electronic structure information, QD-qEQ exhibits a distinct advantage in its exceptionally low computational cost, which affords consideration of over 35,000 unique spherical wurtzite CdSe structures with radii ≤12.5 A. A comparison of QD-qEQ calculations with experimental data relating to the phenomenon of CdSe magic size crystals (MSCs) affords statistical and structural insight into why MSCs are ...
Bioinformatics tools with deep learning based on GPU

Due to the rapid increase in biological data dimension and acquisition rate, the traditional analysis methods are unable to achieve acceptable accuracy. Recently, Deep learning technologies have shown outstanding results in many domains; especially in pattern recognition in the field of bioinformatics. In this paper, we provide background of what deep learning and its frameworks. In addition, we review the state-of-the-art algorithms based on GPU to presenting the usage of them to guide computational biologists to know how to leverage deep learning to improve their methods.
Veteran Participation in Intensive Suicide Research Protocols: No Evidence of Iatrogenic Effects.

Suicide research remains fraught with ethical and methodological issues, including researchers' reservations about conducting intensive suicide research protocols due to potential iatrogenic effects and liability concerns. Such issues significantly impede scientific inquiry related to suicide. To date, no research has explored potential iatrogenic effects of intensive, nontreatment suicide research among Veterans. This study aimed to fill this gap. It was hypothesized that participation in suicide-specific protocols would not significantly increase risk among Veterans. Veterans completed self-reports, structured interviews, and rigorous suicide-specific tasks (Study A, N = 34; Study B, N = 18; Study C, N = 119). Findings indicated there were no significant differences in pre- and postassessment suicide risk variables (all ps > .05). Estimated mean change for "urge to harm self" was -0.24 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.60, 0.13), -0.28 (CI: -0.56, 0.01), and -0.01 (CI: -0.09, 0.07) and "intent to harm self" was -0.18 (95% CI: -0.45, 0.10), 0 (CI: -0.17, 0.17), and 0.01 (CI: -0.04, 0.06) for Studies A, B, and C, respectively. Results indicated the respective protocols did not produce iatrogenic effects. The current findings are discussed with attention to safety-monitoring techniques that may reduce iatrogenic effects and considerations for future researchers.
Interviewing and History Taking

The evaluation of older adults related to behavioral or psychological concerns holds at its cornerstone a comprehensive interview and exam. This chapter will emphasize aspects of interviewing and history taking that may be different for older adults as an essential component of a comprehensive geropsychiatric assessment.
Glanceable code history: visualizing student code for better instructor feedback

Immediate, individualized feedback on their code helps students learning to program. However, even in short, focused exercises in active learning, teachers do not have much time to write feedback. In addition, only looking at a student's final code hides a lot of the students' learning and discovering process. We created a glanceable code history visualization that enables teachers to view a student's entire coding history quickly and efficiently. A preliminary user study shows that this visualization captures previously unseen information that allows teachers to give students better grades and give students longer feedback and better feedback that focuses not just on their final code, but all their code in between.
Human Rights Theory as a Means for Incorporating Social Equity into the Public Administration Curriculum

Advancing social equity is, or should be, a primary focus of public administrators. Yet it is not an integral part of the curriculum of public administration programs, nor is it a prominent feature...
Microsystems in health care: Part 1. Learning from high-performing front-line clinical units.

Article-at-a-Glance Background Clinical microsystems are the small, functional, front-line units that provide most health care to most people. They are the essential building blocks of larger organizations and of the health system. They are the place where patients and providers meet. The quality and value of care produced by a large health system can be no better than the services generated by the small systems of which it is composed. Methods A wide net was cast to identify and study a sampling of the best-quality, best-value small clinical units in North America. Twenty microsystems, representing different component parts of the health system, were examined from December 2000 through June 2001, using qualitative methods supplemented by medical record and finance reviews. Results The study of the 20 high-performing sites generated many best practice ideas (processes and methods) that microsystems use to accomplish their goals. Nine success characteristics were related to high performance: leadership, culture, macro-organizational support of microsystems, patient focus, staff focus, interdependence of care team, information and information technology, process improvement, and performance patterns. These success factors were interrelated and together contributed to the microsystem's ability to provide superior, cost-effective care and at the same time create a positive and attractive working environment. Conclusions A seamless, patient-centered, high-quality, safe, and efficient health system cannot be realized without the transformation of the essential building blocks that combine to form the care continuum.
Developing Mobile Software with FLOSS

The goal of this workshop is to explore the challenges, issues and opportunities associated with the use of free and open source software (FLOSS) in mobile platforms and apps. As mobile phones and devices become more powerful, as cloud services and telecom infrastructure become richer, and as consumer expectations evolve, developers are faced with an array of challenges that affect how they should systematically build and deploy new applications and systems.
E10. The Schur Theorem

As you probably know, in the 1630’s, the genius mathematician Pierre de Fermat formulated his so-called Last Theorem in the margin of Diaphantus’s Arithmetica.
Towards Extending Social Exergame Engagement with Agents

Social interactions motivate engagement with physical activities. This paper extends existing work on software generated partners for exercising from single-user settings to a multi-player social exergame. Initial results suggest that our Wizard of Oz agents in our game StepQuest may prolong player engagement with the game, increase their participation in moderate physical activities, and are preferable to idle human players.
Preoperative Cardiac Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery.

Cardiac risk stratification before surgery informs consent, may advise optimization interventions, and guides intraoperative and postoperative management and monitoring. Published guidelines provide an outline for risk stratification but are only updated every 5 to 10 years; hence, cardiology expert opinion is often needed. Preoperative cardiovascular evaluation starts with an excellent history and physical examination. Accurate assessment of exercise tolerance is paramount in defining risk and determining the need for further testing. Risk/benefit ratio needs to be assessed and reviewed with all stakeholders, which pertains to deciding on cardiac intervention before surgery and bleeding versus thrombosis risk when managing medications.
Healthcare-Associated Gastrointestinal Infections

Diarrhea is relatively common among hospitalized children. Most episodes of nosocomial diarrhea are due to noninfectious factors, including medications, underlying illnesses, or tube feeding. Yet the acute onset of diarrhea in a hospitalized child may indicate a newly acquired gastrointestinal infection. Clostridium difficile, norovirus, and rotavirus can cause sporadic or epidemic disease in pediatric inpatient settings. Early recognition of these enteric infections is important as it permits efficient and effective patient care and allows for prompt implementation of infection control measures. This chapter describes the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of healthcare-associated enteric infections important to the pediatric population. Additionally, strategies to prevent the spread of diarrheal pathogens are reviewed.
Do Vertical Soft Tissue and Actual Bony Landmarks Correlate in Le Fort I Orthognathic Surgery

PURPOSE Vertical changes in Le Fort I orthognathic surgery are critical to the overall esthetic result. Three-dimensional planning enables vertical measurements from the rendered computed tomographic (CT) scan, but intraoperative points are ascribed partially from soft tissues landmarks. This study compared intraoperative soft tissue vertical measurements with pre- and postoperative CT-based values and attempted to validate intraoperative soft tissue landmarks for vertical positioning. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective single-cohort study, the authors examined orthognathic procedures performed by a single surgeon at their institution. Patients were excluded if measurements or pre- and postoperative CT scans were lacking. Demographic information and soft tissue perioperative data were tabulated. Clinical vertical measurements included the left medial canthus to the central incisor, the left medial canthus to the left canine, and the right medial canthus to the right canine. Bone measurements were calculated using pre- and postoperative cone-beam CT scans for the same clinical landmarks. Statistical analysis, including paired Student t test, was performed using SPSS. RESULTS Forty-two patients were identified (mean age, 23 yr; 57% female). The change in pre- and postoperative measurements was analyzed. There was no significant difference in the absolute value pre- and postoperatively between the 2 modalities (P < .2, .1, .1), but there was a significant difference between bony and soft tissue measurements (P < .01). Subset analysis showed differences in postoperative values between Class II and III cases. CONCLUSIONS These results show a nonlinear but predictable relation between intraoperative soft tissue (medial canthi and maxillary dentition) and CT-measured bony vertical measurements. Understanding this relation enables effective use of intraoperative measurements to reproducibly achieve the desired bony vertical position and allows adjustments to be made to optimize esthetics.
Art, craft, and the ontology of archaeological things

Tim Ingold's ‘science of correspondence’ describes a kind of epistemological intimacy in the practices of art, science, and anthropology. Archaeology would benefit from cultivating correspondence a...
Medical Education in East Asia: Past and Future

This collection of essays in Medical Education in East Asia: Past and Future outlines the history of medical education in five East Asian countries and territories: China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong.
Solubilization of Thiazolobenzimidazole Using a Combination of pH Adjustment and Complexation with 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin

The thiazolobenzimidazole l-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-lH,3H-thiazolo[3,4-a]benzimidazole, TBI, is an experimental drug for the treatment of AIDS which exhibits a low water solubility (11 µg/mL) and is therefore difficult to administer in an injectable solution dosage form at a target solution concentration of 10 mg/mL. The compound has a single ionizable functional group and exhibits an increase in solubility with decreasing pH consistent with a pKa of 3.55, but the maximum solubility attainable by pH adjustment has been shown to be only 0.4 mg/mL (at pH 2). TBI has been found to form inclusion complexes in either its neutral or its protonated form with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD). The equilibrium constants for 1:1 complex formation were found to be 81 and 1033 M−l for the protonated and neutral species, respectively. Although the formation of protonated complex is less favored in comparison to the neutral complex, the contribution of this species to the overall solubility of TBI predominates at low pH. Thus, using a combined approach of pH adjustment and complexation with HPCD, a solubility enhancement of 3 orders of magnitude is possible. NMR proton spectroscopy and molecular modeling studies, conducted to understand the orientation of TBI in the complex and the effect of protonation, are described.
Brain Boosters: Rejuvenate and Invigorate Your Students in Five Minutes or Less

All teachers whether in teacher training, field experience, student teaching, substitute teaching or covering a class; need an arsenal of short activity breaks aimed at increasing heart rate for st...
PKR Inhibits Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation

Recent work from our laboratory has demonstrated that increased expression and activation of the interferon-inducible, dsRNA-activated kinase (PKR) is associated with inferior survival for many hematologic malignancies including AML. Mice expressing a PKR transgene (TgPKR) specifically in hematopoietic cells develop a preleukemic/myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)-like disease consisting of peripheral blood (PB) cytopenias and bone marrow (BM) dysplasia with an increased frequency of BM blasts. In addition, TgPKR mice have a reduced number of BM Lin-, Sca+, cKit+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and an increased percentage of these cells are quiescent (G0) compared to WT mice. New data now reveals that BM of TgPKR mice have a significantly reduced frequency of multipotent progenitor cells (MPPs) compared to wild type (WT) mice. Furthermore, MPPs isolated from BM of TgPKR mice display a partial block of the cell cycle in G0/G1 compared to MPPs from WT mice. In contrast, PKR knockout mice (PKRKO) have an increased number of HSPCs that are more frequently proliferating (S+G2/M) than WT mice. While the BM of PKRKO mice have a significantly increased frequency of MPPs there is a decreased frequency of both phenotypic LT- and ST-HSCs compared to either WT or TgPKR mice. Thus, in long term culture initiating cell (LTC-IC) assays BM of TgPKR mice has nearly double the colony forming capacity after >4 weeks in culture compared to BM of PKRKO mice, indicating that the TgPKR expressing mice have increased numbers of HSCs that are functional in vitro but not in vivo. Significantly, K562 cells with reduced PKR expression by siRNA knockdown display an increased rate and extent of PMA-induced megakaryocyte differentiation compared to control cells. Taken together these results suggest that increased PKR expression/activation as observed in high-risk MDS, AML and other hematologic malignancies may have a previously unrecognized function to block hematopoietic cell differentiation. This may account, at least in part, for why TgPKR mice accumulate quiescent HSPCs that are unable to terminally differentiate in vivo. Since we recently discovered that nuclear PKR inhibits DNA damage response signaling that results in an increased frequency of somatic mutations, we propose that increased PKR may contribute to leukemogenesis by promoting both genomic instability and a differentiation block in the HSPC populations. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
First Molecular Characterization of a Family with Combined FV and FVII Deficiency.

Combined factor V and VII deficiency is a rare bleeding disorder, with 3 cases reported in the literature. None of these cases were characterized at a molecular level. We now report a 4th case of factor V and VII deficiency, and for the first time characterize the factor V and VII mutations/polymorphisms in the proband and parents. Case history: The proband is a 5-year-old female who presented with microscopic hematuria and mild mucosal bleeding. She has 47% FV activity and 38% FVII plasma activity. Her father has a history of delayed wound healing and mild mucosal bleeding and her mother has history of mild epistaxis, menorrhagia and gingival bleeding. Results: The proband was heterozygous for a novel FV mutation, a one base deletion in exon 4 (524delG) introducing a frameshift and resulting in premature truncation of translation 33 amino acids later. In addition, she was heterozygous for 4 previously described factor VII polymorphisms: a 10-bp insertion [CCTATATCCT] at -323 in the 5′ region of the promoter, a G to A substitution in intron 1a (73 g>a), and the R353Q polymorphism in exon 8 of the F7 gene. These 3 polymorphisms have been found to be in strong allelic association in the Italian population, with mild FVII deficiency (Peyvandi et al, 1999). In addition, a R315W mutation was found in exon 8. This mutation has been reported to decrease both FVII coagulant function and factor X activation (Furlan Freguia et al, 2004). The mother was also heterozygous for FV and FVII deficiency, with FV 524 delG and FVII R315W, while as expected the father was heterozygous for the factor VII allele with the 3 associated FVII polymorphisms (Table 1). Thus the proband is heterozygous for FV deficiency and a compound heterozygote for Factor VII deficiency, inheriting FVII mutations from both parents. This is the first molecular characterization of a family with combined factor V and VII deficiency, and also the first family described with 2 different forms of combined FV and FVII deficiency within the same family. These results are consistent with this syndrome being due to chance co-inheritance of FV and FVII mutations rather than a post-translational defect as seen in combined FV and FVIII deficiency.
Assessing adolescent suicide risk

Suicide currently ranks as the second leading cause of death in the U.S. in youth ages 10-24, and in young adults ages 25-34. It is also the third leading cause of death in youth and young adults worldwide. Although there are multiple factors that increase one's risk for suicide, a history of a previous suicide attempt is likely one of the strongest predictors of a future completed suicide. Alcohol use, substance use, bullying, a history of mental illness, a family history of suicide, hopelessness, and many other risk factors exist that may increase one's risk for attempting suicide. Implementation of screening questionnaires such as the PHQ-A, PHQ-9, or the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale may help clinicians identify those patients who may be struggling with depression or who may be at risk for suicide. Research has shown that approximately 45 percent of patients who die by way of suicide visited their primary care provider within a month before completing suicide, so it is important that clinicians become comfortable with evaluating and talking with their patients about suicide.
Functionally matched domains in parietal-frontal cortex of monkeys project to overlapping regions of the striatum.

Abstract Projections of small regions (domains) of primary motor cortex (M1), premotor cortex (PMC) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) to the striatum of squirrel monkeys were revealed by restricted injections of anterograde tracers. As many as 8 classes of action-specific domains can be identified in PPC, as well as in PMC and M1, and some have been identified for injections by the action evoked by 0.5 s trains of electrical microstimulation. Injections of domains in all three cortical regions labeled dense patches of terminations in the matrix of the ipsilateral putamen, while providing sparse or no projections to corresponding regions of the contralateral putamen. When two or three of these domains were injected with different tracers, projection fields in the putamen were highly overlapped for injections in functionally matched domains across cortical areas, but were highly segregated for injections placed in functionally mismatched domains. While not all classes of domains were studied, the results suggest that the striatum potentially has separate representations of eight or more classes of actions that receive inputs from domains in three or more cortical regions in sensorimotor cortex. The overlap/segregation of cortico-striatal projections correlates with the strength of cortico-cortical connections between injected motor areas.
Self-Efficacy as a Predictor of Adult Adjustment to Sickle Cell Disease: One-Year Outcomes

Objective The present study prospectively investigated the role of self-efficacy in predicting disease symptomatology and health services utilization for adult patients with sickle cell disease. Methods These data are derived from a 12-month prospective cohort study of African American adults with sickle cell disease. Disease-specific perceptions of coping self-efficacy and indices of disease severity, health care utilization, and psychosocial adjustment were assessed by use of standardized questionnaires administered by trained clinicians. Results Perceptions of self-efficacy for coping with sickle cell disease were moderately stable across the 12-month study period. At baseline (N = 147), significant inverse relationships, measured with Pearson correlations, were noted between self-efficacy and the following variables: physical symptoms, psychological symptoms, pain severity, and number of physician visits over the preceding 12 months (p Conclusions Self-efficacy beliefs among African American adults with sickle cell disease are inversely related to reported disease symptomatology, and these relationships persist across time. Future investigations should examine the mechanisms through which relationships between self-efficacy and adjustment to sickle cell disease are effected, as well as the feasibility and effectiveness of enhancing self-efficacy beliefs as a means of improving adjustment to sickle cell disease.