cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Action video game playing does not reduce inattentional blindness

Given the increased attentional and perceptual abilities exhibited by action video game players (AVGPs) (Green & Bavelier, 2003; Clark, Fleck, & Mitroff, 2011), it seems reasonable to expect them to perform differently on an inattentional blindness (IB) task from a non-gaming population. We explored whether this was the case. Using the Mack & Rock (1998) IB cross procedure, AVGPs (n=15) and non-video game players (NVGPs, n=14) reported the longer arm of a cross presented for 200 ms parafoveally on 7 trials. An unexpected word was presented at fixation with the cross on the 4th (critical inattention), 7th (critical divided attention), and 11th (critical full attention) trials. Participants were asked whether they had seen anything other than the cross on these critical trials and, if so, what. To establish that our populations were like those others had sampled, we included a change detection task, since others have found that AVGPs outperform NVGPs on change detection (Clark et al., 2011). We used the Rensink, O'Regan, & Clark (1997) flicker procedure; participants were asked to detect and identify changes in natural scenes repeatedly presented for up to 75 s (240 ms scene, 80 ms ISI). Our change detection data were consistent with that of others. AVGPs detected significantly more changes than NGVPs (p=.034) and correctly identified more of the changes (p=.047). Therefore, we were able to assume that we tested representative samples. In contrast to change detection, we found no significant differences in the frequency of IB between the groups (p=.359), suggesting that IB is impervious to the benefits of action video game playing, which is consistent with findings that meditators who also outperform controls on change detection do not do so with IB (Hodgins & Adair, 2010). Further research is required to determine what accounts for this difference. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2015. Language: en
A Trojan Horse for Light-Triggered Delivery of Toxic Iron to Cancer Cells

Targeted exogenous agents that rapidly elevate reactive oxygen species (ROS) above toxic threshold levels has been touted as a potentially effective cancer therapeutic strategy. The “traditional” R...
Spin dependent electron scattering with the BLAST detector

The Bates Larger Acceptance Spectrometer Toroid (BLAST) is a detector designed to study in a comprehensive and precise way the spin dependent electromagnetic response of few-body nuclei. The BLAST scientific program is focussed on the study of these systems in terms of nucleon structure, the ground state few body structure built from the nucleon-nucleon interaction and the nature of the interaction of the virtual photon forQ2≤1 (GeV/c)2). To accomplish its scientific goals, BLAST utilizes the latest technology available in the form of polarized electron scattering from pure, polarized internal gas targets. The Bates Soung Hall Ring (SHR) delivers longitudinally polarized electrons at the location of the BLAST detector. Measurement are currently underway, and and a brief status report is presented here.
Factors affecting the secretion of iodine131 into milk of lactating goats.

Summary Radioactive iodine (I 181 ) was injected into eight lactating goats and its relative concentration in the iodide and protein-bound iodine (PBI) fractions of milk and blood serum was compared. About 92% of the I 131 in milk occurred as iodide and the remainder was found in the PBI fraction. During 70 hr. following I 131 injection the iodide concentration in milk of control animals was more than ten times that in blood serum, indicating an active process in mammary tissue for the secretion of iodide. Milk: serum iodide concentration was not affected by administration of 5.0g. thiouracil or 50.0mg. of nonradioactive KI daily. The concentration gradient was abolished, however, by injecting 1.0g. daily of KSCN. None of the drug treatments had a discernible effect on the PBI fraction of milk. Excluding values for the thiocyanate group (where milk iodide secretion was blocked), a 0.795 correlation (P = 0.07) was found between milk iodide: serum iodide ratio and daily milk yield. In a preliminary experiment, this correlation was 0.913 (P = 0.01). Thus, it is pointed out that in high-producing animals total iodide secretion into milk is increased not only because of the greater volume of milk produced but also because of the higher iodide concentration gradient maintained in highly active mammary tissue. This loss of iodide in milk could indirectly become a limiting factor on milk production by reducing the amount of iodide available for the formation of thyroid hormone.
Inotropic effects of digitoxin in isolated guinea-pig heart under conditions which alter contraction.

Abstract In order to examine which calcium pool(s) might contribute to the therapeutic action of digitalis, the positive inotropic effect of digitoxin was quantified under conditions in which different calcium pools were either predominant or suppressed. Isolated left atrial muscle of guinea-pig heart was stimulated at 0.5 Hz at 30°C. After a brief rest period, the first contraction (post-rest contraction) observed when electrical Mimulation was resumed was markedly greater than (he contraction observed under 0.5 Hz stimulation. Post-rest contraction was apparently dependent on the rest period and related to a ryanodine-sensitive, verapamil-insensitive calcium pool. Post-rest contraction was moderately enhanced by 0.2 μM digitoxin. either in the absence or presence of verapamil. A step-wise increase in the frequency of stimulation following the rest period caused a typical staircase phenomenon, which was markedly suppressed by verapamil but not by ryanodine. Digitoxin markedly augmented the staircase in the absence or presence of ryanodine. Paired-pulse stimulation markedly increased the developed tension, which was slightly reduced by verapamil but not by ryanodine. Digiloxin substantially increased the developed tension evoked by paired-pulse stimulation. In left atrial preparations of rat heart, an increase in stimulation frequency decreased the force of contraction; however, paired-pulse stimulation increased the force, indicating that the enhancement of developed tension by an increase in stimulation frequency and that by paired-pulse stimulation have different mechanisms. Thus. the positive inolropic action of digiloxin does not appear to be restricted to a specific calcium pool: however, the inotropic effect was greater under the conditions in which superficial calcium pool plays a predominant role.
Medicago truncatula on the Move

Plant biology is moving rapidly. With the recent completion of the sequence of the Arabidopsis genome ([The Arabidopsis Genome Initiative, 2000][1]), researchers have turned their attention to the genomes of other crop plants ([Adam, 2000][2]). Many agronomically important crop plants are legumes,
Transplant glomerulopathy: risk and prognosis related to anti-human leukocyte antigen class II antibody levels.

Background. Transplant glomerulopathy (TG) is a histopathologic entity of kidney allografts related to anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies. The goal of this study was to determine the relationships among antibody characteristics (level and specificity), risk for TG, and graft survival. Methods. The presence and characteristics of anti-HLA antibody were assessed by single antigen beads assays in stored pretransplant sera from 598 kidney recipients with negative T-cell crossmatch. Transplant glomerulopathy was diagnosed by surveillance and clinical biopsies. Results. Thirty-nine percent of patients presented with anti-HLA antibodies pretransplant. Transplant glomerulopathy was diagnosed in 73 patients (12%) during 54±19 months of follow-up. The risk of TG increased with higher anti-HLA-II antibody levels (HR= 1.890, 95% CI 1.42-2.52; P<0.0001), donor specificity of the antibodies (3.524 [1.67-7.44]; P=0.001), and in patients with history of antibody-mediated rejection (4.985 [2.77-8.97]; P<0.0001, multivariate Cox). Graft survival during the follow-up period was 95% without TG and 62% with TG (P<0.0001). The presence of C4d in peritubular capillaries was an independent risk factor for graft failure after TG diagnosis. Thus, 25% of TG/C4d - and 80% of TG/C4d + grafts failed (P<0.0001). Of interest, higher anti-HLA-II levels were related to the presence of C4d (3.216 [1.376-7.517]; P=0.007). Conclusions. In T-cell negative crossmatch patients, higher anti-HLA-II antibody levels are related to the increase in the risk of developing TG. Higher antibody levels are also related to the presence of C4d in peritubular capillaries in TG biopsies. Furthermore, the presence of C4d in TG is related to the reduced graft survival.
Hydration of biomolecules

Abstract As water is one of the most abundant chemical compounds in biological systems, a detailed description of energetic and structural aspects involving the interaction of biomolecules with water is essential for understanding them. Here, we review work—primarily done in our laboratories—focusing on the interaction of individual water molecules with a range of model biomolecules, including peptides and nucleotides. We evaluate water binding energies, water binding sites, the effect of water on biomolecule structure, and we discuss where this research is heading.
Downregulated Expression of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Augments Myocardial Neovascularization and Reduces Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis After Acute Myocardial Infarction

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine whether selective plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) downregulation in the acutely ischemic heart increases the myocardial microvasculature and improves cardiomyocyte (CM) survival. BACKGROUND Endogenous myocardial neovascularization is an important process enabling cardiac functional recovery after acute myocardial infarction. Expression of PAI-1, a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis, is induced in ischemic heart tissue. METHODS A sequence-specific catalytic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) enzyme was used to reduce PAI-1 levels in cultured endothelial cells and in ischemic myocardium. At the time of coronary artery ligation, rats were randomized into three groups, each receiving an intramyocardial injection (IMI) of a single dose at three different sites of the peri-infarct region consisting, respectively, of DNA enzyme E2 targeting rat PAI-1 (E2), scrambled control DNA enzyme (E0), or saline. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis, capillary density, and echocardiography were studied two weeks following infarction. RESULTS The E2 DNA enzyme, which efficiently inhibited rat PAI-1 expression in vitro, induced prolonged suppression (>2 weeks) of PAI-1 messenger ribonucleic acid and protein in rat heart tissues after a single IMI. At two weeks, hearts from experimental rats had over five-fold greater capillary density, 70% reduction in apoptotic CMs, and four-fold greater functional recovery compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS These results imply a causal relationship between elevated PAI-1 levels in ischemic hearts and adverse outcomes, and they suggest that strategies to reduce cardiac PAI-1 activity may augment neovascularization and improve functional recovery.
A Distal Enhancer in the Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) Locus Revealed by Genome Sequence Comparison

Large-scale cross-species DNA sequence comparison has become a powerful tool to identify conserved cis-regulatory modules of genes. However, bioinformatic analysis alone cannot reveal how an evolutionarily conserved region regulates gene expression: whether it functions as an enhancer, silencer, or insulator; whether its function is cell-type restricted; and whether biologically relevant transcription factors bind to the element. Here we combine bioinformatics with wet-lab techniques to illustrate a general and systematic method of identifying functional conserved regulatory regions of genes. We applied this approach to the interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) gene. Comparison of human and mouse IFN-gamma reveals a highly conserved non-coding sequence located approximately 5 kb 5' of the transcription start site. This region coincides with constitutive and inducible DNase I hypersensitivity sites present in IFN-gamma-producing Th1 cells but not in Th2 cells that do not produce IFN-gamma. Histone methylation at the 5' conserved non-coding sequences indicates a more accessible chromatin structure in Th1 cells compared with Th2 cells. This element binds two transcription factors known to be essential for IFN-gamma expression: nuclear factor of activated T cells, an inducible transcription factor, and T-box protein expressed in T cells, a cell lineage-restricted transcription factor. Together, these findings identify a highly conserved distal enhancer in the IFN-gamma cytokine locus and validate our approach as a successful method to detect cis-regulatory elements.
FIVE NEW GOMPHONEMA SPECIES (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) FROM RIVERS IN SOUTH AFRICA AND SWAZILAND1

Diatom material from South Africa and Swaziland was examined with light and scanning electron microscopy. Five new taxa are proposed: Gomphonema crocodilei, G. quasicrocodilei, G. venusta, G. latistigmata, and G. cholnokyi. Gomphonema venusta has been previously misidentified as Gomphonema clevei Fricke and G. cholnokyi as G. subclavatum (Grunow) Grunow. All of the species possess biseriate striae, areolae with external vela, a true stigma, and marginal laminae underlying the valve margin and mantle. Compared to the other members of gomphonemoid lineage, the five new species show greatest similarity to Gomphoneis mesta Passy-Tolar & Lowe, G. magna Kociolek & Stoermer, and G. rhombica (Fricke) Merino, Garcia, Hernandez-Marine, & Fernandez and to the Herculeana lineage of Gomphoneis sensu Kociolek and Stoermer. The most recent phylogenetic analysis of the genus Gomphoneis showed that the two lineages of the genus. Herculeana and Elegans, are not monophyletic. The Herculeana lineage is more closely allied to Gomphonema than to the Elegans lineage. Since the Elegans lineage contains the generitype of Gomphoneis (G. elegans (Grunow) Cheve), and the species described here are more closely related to the Herculeana lineage, we have assigned them to Gomphonema.
Fibroblast Invasive Migration into Fibronectin/Fibrin Gels Requires a Previously Uncharacterized Dermatan Sulfate-CD44 Proteoglycan

After tissue injury, fibroblast migration from the peri-wound collagenous stroma into the fibrin-laden wound is critical for granulation tissue formation and subsequent healing. Recently we found that fibroblast transmigration from a collagen matrix into a fibrin matrix required the presence of fibronectin. Several integrins-α4β1, α5β1, and αvβ3-with known fibronectin binding affinity were necessary for this invasive migration. Here we examined another family of cell surface receptors: the proteoglycans. We found that dermatan sulfate was required for fibroblast migration into a fibronectin/fibrin gel. This conclusion was based on β-xyloside inhibition of glycanation and specific glycosaminoglycan degradation. CD44, a cell surface receptor known to bind hyaluronan, not infrequently exists as a proteoglycan, decorated with various glycosaminoglycan chains including heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate, and as such can bind fibronectin. We found that CD44H, the non-spliced isoform of CD44, was necessary for fibroblast invasion into fibronectin/fibrin gels. Resting fibroblasts expressed mostly nonglycanated CD44H core protein, which became glycanated with chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate, but not heparan sulfate, after a 24 h incubation with platelet-derived growth factor, the stimulus used in the migration assay. These results demonstrate that dermatan sulfate-CD44H proteoglycan is essential for fibroblast migration into fibrin clots and that platelet-derived growth factor, the stimulus for migration, induces the production of chondroitin-sulfate- and dermatan-sulfate-glycanated CD44H.
Continuous Real-Time Analysis of Products from the Reaction of Some Monoterpenes with Ozone Using Atmospheric Sampling Glow Discharge Ionization Coupled to a Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer

An on-line technique has been demonstrated for the analysis of photochemical oxidation reaction products. The technique is based on the direct introduction of gas and particulate oxidation products into a custom-built atmospheric sampling glow discharge ionization source (ASGDI) coupled to a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer (QITMS). Operational parameters of the ASGDI system were investigated to determine their influence on the ion signal for the analysis of oxidation products in real time. These parameters include the discharge current, ion accumulation time, and type of reagent gas. Reference mass spectra from standards were generated for a variety of biogenic compounds and terpene reaction products containing keto, hydroxy, aldehyde, carboxylic acid, or epoxy groups to better understand the fragmentation that occurs in the glow discharge ion source. Results are presented for ozonolysis reactions of four biogenic monoterpenes (alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, D-limonene, Delta(3)-carene) monitored with the ASGDI quadrupole ion trap to demonstrate the ability to obtain real-time measurements. The reaction products identified with ASGDI-QITMS correspond to those products identified with other techniques, including on-line atmospheric pressure chemical ionization techniques. Efficient differentiation of multifunctional products including mono-/di-/hydroxy-/keto-carboxylic acid and keto-/hydroxy-aldehyde was possible by use of the MS/MS capability of the instrument.
The attitude heuristic and selective fact identification

An empirical study demonstrates how the use of an attitude heuristic (a simple, evaluative strategy for problem solving) can selectively influence fact identification. Given favourable (or unfavourable) facts about liked (or disliked) personalities, subjects identified as true those events that were consistent with their attitudes towards the personality. Subjects were most confident about their identification when their attitude towards the actor was extreme. These results provide evidence that attitudes serve an object appraisal or knowledge function and can be used to reconstruct social history.
SEQUENCE OF PROLACTIN EFFECTS ON PHOSPHOLIPID SYNTHESIS IN NB2 NODE LYMPHOMA CELLS

In Nb2 node rat lymphoma cells, the effects of prolactin (PRL) on the rates of incorporation of several precursors into neutral lipids, phospholipids and proteins were determined. The onset of the PRL stimulation of radiolabeled-precursor incorporation into lipids occurred between 1 and 4 hours after PRL addition to Nb2 cells; precursors employed included [14C]-acetate, [3H]-glycerol, [32P]O4, [3H]-choline, [3H]-ethanolamine, [3H]-serine and [3H]-myoinositol. No effects were observed during the initial 60 min of culture with PRL. The effects on precursor incorporation that occur after 1 hr of PRL exposure are likely related to the stimulation of cell growth by PRL. In cells that were prelabeled with the radiolabeled precursors and subsequently incubated with PRL, PRL had no effect on the metabolism of the radiolabeled phospholipids or the accumulation of phospholipid products until several hours after hormone addition. We would conclude from these studies that the initial (60 min) effect of PRL on Nb2 node lymphoma cells does not likely use a signal transduction mechanism that involves products derived from the cellular phospholipids.
Zur Theorie der Temperaturabhängigkeit des Kompressionsmoduls von Metallen

Durch Benutzung bekannter Naherungsansatze der Metalltheorie wird die Temperaturabhangigkeit des Kompressionsmoduls polykristalliner, quasiisotroper Metalle auf diejenige des Warmeausdehnungskoeffizienten zuruckgefuhrt.
Use of CD28 agonists to refill the T-cell tank?

T-cell lymphopenia with a restricted T-cell diversity creates a long-lasting state of immuno-suppression following autologous and, particularly, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In addition, delayed T-cell reconstitution following control of viral replication in HIV-infected
Finding the nearest point in A polytope

A terminating algorithm is developed for the problem of finding the point of smallest Euclidean norm in the convex hull of a given finite point set in Euclideann-space, or equivalently for finding an “optimal” hyperplane separating a given point from a given finite point set. Its efficiency and accuracy are investigated, and its extension to the separation of two sets and other convex programming problems described.
Soluble and bound protein kinases of rabbit gastric secretory cells.

Summary Two distinctly different protein kinases, one soluble and another in a membrane bound form, have been demonstrated in the furdic region of rabbit gastric mucosa. The soluble protein kinase uses histone as substrate, has very slow turnover rate and is stimulated several fold by cyclic AMP. Na+ and K+ have no significant effect on this soluble enzyme. The membrane bound protein kinase uses intrinsic membrane proteins as substrate, has very rapid turnover rate and is stimulated significantly by cyclic AMP. The level of the phosphorylated membrane proteins in reduced drastically in the presence of K+ and only moderately with Na+.
Assessment of sexual beliefs and information in aging couples with sexual dysfunction.

The incidence and prevalence of sexual dysfunction indicate that a large portion of the U.S. population will experience a sexual dysfunction, with older individuals being particularly at risk. Cognitive factors (e.g., attitudes, misinformation, beliefs) may contribute to the development of sexual dysfunction or influence response to treatments. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a brief instrument designed to assess information and beliefs regarding sexual functioning in an aging population. Results indicate that the Sexual Beliefs and Information Questionnaire (SBIQ) had adequate test-retest reliability and is an internally consistent measure of sexual knowledge and beliefs. Most individuals had adequate knowledge regarding sexual functioning as indicated by correct responses to most items; however, there were several items missed more often than expected. Exploratory factor analysis suggests an underlying five-factor structure of the SBIQ. Scores were not correlated with years of education, mood, or marital satisfaction. Scores on the SBIQ improved after a brief standardized educational intervention. The SBIQ is a simple and psychometrically sound measure of sexual knowledge and myths that can assist clinicians to identify and possibly rectify knowledge deficits.
Reconstructing architectural geometry

CAD systems provide convenient tools for the creation of simple geometry by direct manipulation on the computer screen. They work well enough for two-dimensional construction, but are often inadequate for creating doubly-curved three-dimensional surfaces. The solution proposed by Earl Mark is to use the in-built programming language provided in most CAD systems for direct creation of geometry. Though developed for didactic purposes, his stunning reconstructions of gothic vaults suggest a method of working likely to be of considerable value to the geometrically adventurous architect.
Block Householder computation of sparse matrix singular values

This paper introduces block Householder reduction of a rectangular sparse matrix to small band upper triangular form. The computation accesses a sparse matrix only for sparse matrix dense matrix (SMDM) multiplications and for "just in time" extractions of row and column blocks. For a bandwidth of k + 1, the dense matrices are the k rows or columns of a block Householder transformation.Using an initial random block Householder transformation allows reliable computation of a collection of largest singular values. Block Householder reduction is numerically stable, is computationally efficient on multicore cache based computer architectures, and has good potential for scalable distributed memory parallelization.
An untrasensitive hot-electron bolometer for low-background SMM applications

We are developing a hot-electron superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) that is capable of counting THz photons and operates at T = 0.3K. The main driver for this work is moderate resolution spectroscopy (R ~ 1000) on the future space telescopes with cryogenically cooled (~ 4 K) mirrors. The detectors for these telescopes must be background-limited with a noise equivalent power (NEP) ~ 10 -19 -10 -20 W/Hz 1/2 over the range ν=0.3-10 THz. Above about 1 THz, the background photon arrival rate is expected to be ~ 10-100 s -1 , and photon counting detectors may be preferable to an integrating type. We fabricated superconducting Ti nanosensors with a volume of ~ 3×10 -3 μm 3 on planar Si substrate and have measured the thermal conductance G to the thermal bath. A very low G=4×10 -14 W/K, measured at 0.3 K, is due to the weak electron-phonon coupling in the material and the thermal isolation provided by superconducting Nb contacts. This low G corresponds to NEP(0.3K) = 3×10 -19 W/Hz 1/2 . This Hot-Electron Direct Detector (HEDD) is expected to have a sufficient energy resolution for detecting individual photons with ν > 0.3 THz at 0.3 K. With the sensor time constant of a few microseconds, the dynamic range is ~ 50 dB.
Chemical characterization and water content determination of bio-oils obtained from various biomass species using 31P NMR spectroscopy

Background: Pyrolysis is a promising approach to utilize biomass for biofuels. One of the key challenges for this conversion is how to analyze complicated components in the pyrolysis oils. Water contents of pyrolysis oils are normally analyzed by Karl Fischer titration. The use of 2-chloro-4,4,5,5,-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane followed by 31P NMR analysis has been used to quantitatively analyze the structure of hydroxyl groups in lignin and whole biomass. Results:31P NMR analysis of pyrolysis oils is a novel technique to simultaneously characterize components and analyze water contents in pyrolysis oils produced from various biomasses. The water contents of various pyrolysis oils range from 16 to 40 wt%. The pyrolysis oils obtained from Loblolly pine had higher guaiacyl content, while that from oak had a higher syringyl content. Conclusion: The comparison with Karl Fischer titration shows that 31P NMR could also reliably be used to measure the water content of pyrolysis oils. Simultaneously with ana...
Differentiating enteric Escherichia coli from environmental bacteria through the putative glucosyltransferase gene (ycjM).

This study is to tackle the challenge posed by the "naturalized" Escherichia coli population against the worldwide practice of E. coli-based water quality monitoring. In the literature, the putative glucosyltransferase gene (ycjM) of E. coli has been identified in silico to be one of the 114 genes specific to enteric E. coli. Based on the sequence of E. coli K-12 MG1655, a PCR assay (ycjPCR) targeting ycjM was developed in this study. As demonstrated by the ycjPCR assay using 367 E. coli strains isolated from animal feces, 97.2% of the isolates carried the ycjM with variations from 93.9% to 100% among nine different host sources, but none of the 17 strains of non-E. coli bacteria and only 23.0% of the environment-isolated cryptic Escherichia strains contained the ycjM. These data experimentally confirmed ycjM to be enteric specific. Our study also showed that the ycjPCR assay was superior to the commonly used tuf- or uidA-based PCR methods in differentiating enteric E. coli from s-D-glucuronidase-positive environmental bacteria. Furthermore, study on 190 E. coli isolates from water samples, using EPA Method 1603 followed by bacterial identification with Biolog MicroStation™ and ycjPCR assay, indicated that the prevalence of ycjM in the E. coli water isolates had a significant (p < 0.05, odds ratio ) spatial variation from 69.6% to 93.8%. These data suggest that E. coli profile using EPA Method 1603 or other s-D-glucuronidase-activity-based methods may need further analysis using the ycjM profile to accurately determinate fecal pollution in water.
Soybean phosphatase. Purification and properties.

Abstract A nonspecific acid phosphomonoesterase was concentrated 700-fold from defatted soybean meal. It had optimum activity at pH 6.0 as determined with β-glycerophosphate. Our observations and those of others indicate the possibility that soybeans contain four different phosphatases.
MICROPUNCTURE FEMORAL ACCESS IS INFERIOR TO RADIAL PCI: (FAIR) TRIAL

In this study we sought to compare the clinical outcomes of micropuncture femoral to radial artery access in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions. Despite a recent emergence of data to support superiority of radial artery access, the femoral artery is still the most common access
Thermal Effects in Face Seals

Incompressible fluid laminar and turbulent flow between face seal rotating parallel surfaces, considering conduction, convection and dissipation influence on thermal distribution
Electrokinetic energy conversion in slip nanochannels

A thermo-electro-hydro-dynamic model is developed to examine the effects of fluid slip on electrokinetic energy conversion in nanofluidic channels. The optimum electrokinetic devices performance is dependent on a figure of merit defined in terms of hydrodynamic conductance, streaming effects and electrical conductance of slip nanochannels. These phenomenological coefficients are all enhanced by the fluid slip as compared to those without slip effects. The net result is an increased figure of merit and thus an enhanced electrokinetic devices performance, particularly in nanochannels with a high ratio of slip length to channel height.
Excitatory motor innervation in the canine rectoanal region: Role of changing receptor populations

Motor innervation in the canine rectoanal region was examined in isolated strips of the circular muscle layer. Contractile responses to electrical field stimulation began at lower frequencies and were more persistent in the internal anal sphincter (IAS) than in the rectum. Motor innervation to the IAS was almost exclusively sympathetic, since it was blocked by guanethidine (Guan 3 μM) while the response in the proximal rectum was approximately 50% muscarinic, and sensitive to the M3 selective antagonist 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine (4-DAMP, 0.1 μM) and 50% tachykinergic, and sensitive to the neurokinin 2 (NK2) receptor antagonist GR 94800 (1 μM). From IAS to rectum there was a gradual shift in the relative contribution of intrinsic and extrinsic neural innervation. Responses to exogenously applied transmitters exhibited a similar pattern to that observed with motor innervation. Norepinephrine (NE) was most potent in the IAS and acetylcholine (ACh) and NK-A were most potent in the proximal rectum. The responses were inhibited by prazosin, 4-DAMP and GR 94800 respectively. A gradient in the density of adrenergic α1, muscarinic and NK2 receptors also existed from IAS to rectum as determined by measuring the binding of [3H]-prazosin, [3H]-quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]-QNB and [3H]-SR-48968 to smooth muscle membranes. In summary, these data suggest that the shift in motor innervation in the rectoanal region is achieved in part by changes in receptor populations available for activation by sympathetic and enteric motor neurons. British Journal of Pharmacology (2002) 137, 1321–1329. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704987
Race, Class, and Space: Outcomes of Suburban Access for Asians and Hispanics

U.S. metropolitan areas have undergone major changes in their ethnic and racial composition in the past two decades. Now many large metropolitan areas are a complex mix of races and ethnicities, including large numbers of Asian and Hispanic populations in addition to African Americans. Moreover, these new arrivals are often in the suburbs as well as the centers of U.S. metropolitan areas. In the context of the changing ethnic patterns of Asians and Hispanics, three questions are posed for the analysis. Is there substantial suburbanization of Asian and Hispanic ethnic minorities, are those households in suburban locations more integrated with the majority White population, and do those who make the moves to suburban communities have higher status? They are important questions because they speak to the continuing evolution of assimilation and ethnic accommodation. The research provides evidence that suburban Asian and Hispanic populations do have higher socioeconomic status and that in general they are tran...
Foraging in the ant-lion Myrmeleon mobilis hagen 1888 (neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae): Behavioral flexibility of a sit-and-wait predator

The relative effects of foraging benefits (food intake) and costs (disturbance = pit destruction) on growth rate and foraging behavior of larvae of the ant-lionMyrmeleon mobilis were investigated. In a laboratory experiment second-instar larvae were subjected to combinations of three rates of feeding and three rates of disturbance. Pit relocations were generally rare but occurred more often in starved larvae. Disturbance rate had no significant effect on pit relocation rate. Feeding rate was a major determinant of the energy allocated in pit construction and maintenance (positive relationship). In a second experiment third-instar larvae encountered changing rates of disturbance. Pit size was reduced as a response to increased rates of disturbance. Disturbance had no detectable effect on growth. In general,M. mobilis larvae were cost-conservative, foragers.
Effects of depression on expectancy in sustained attention

The effects of expectancies generated during a pretest on the subsequent vigilance performance of depressed and nondepressed observers were assessed. Among the nondepressed, those who were exposed to a high signal probability during the pretest detected more signals in the main watch than those exposed to a low pretest probability, regardless of the signal probability in the vigil itself (high or low). This expectancy effect was not evident among the depressed. The vigilance decrement in both subject categories was steeper under conditions of low as compared to high test probability. These results indicate that depressed monitors do not demonstrate a deficit in attentional capacity. It is suggested that the nonperseveration of pretest expectancies among the depressed may stem from a lack of motivation to effortfully process information in the same manner as nondepressed observers.
Inotropic contractile reserve: A useful predictor of increased 5 year survival and improved postoperative left ventricular function in patients with coronary artery disease and reduced ejection fraction

The increase in left ventricular ejection fraction produced by postextrasystolic potentiation or epinephrine infusion has been used to demonstrate inotropic contractile reserve in patients with coronary artery disease and a depressed ejection fraction (less than 0.50). Prior studies have shown that a change in ejection fraction of 0.10 or more after postextrasystolic potentiation or epinephrine infusion is helpful in discriminating those patients with a better short-term (1 year) prognosis whether treated medically or surgically. This study related inotropic contractile reserve to 5 year prognosis in 54 patients receiving postextrasystolic potentiation or epinephrine infusion between 1971 and 1974. Current left ventricular function in surviving patients was assessed with radionuclide ventriculograms whenever possible. Five year survival was significantly better in patients with an initial change in ejection fraction greater than 0.10 in both the surgically treated group (16 of 20 versus 5 of 15, p less than 0.01) and the medically treated group (6 of 8 versus 1 of 11, p less than 0.01). Furthermore, among the surviving patients in the surgical group, current ejection fraction in the radionuclide ventriculogram was significantly greater in patients who demonstrated inotropic contractile reserve in their 1971 to 1974 contrast left ventriculogram. These findings support the concept that coronary revascularization enhances function of ischemic but viable myocardium.
Fine structure of spermatogenesis in the South African clawed toad Xenopus laevis Daudin.

The fine structure of differentiating male germ cells from primordial germ cells in the sexually differentiated testis to mature spermatozoa is described. Primordial germ cells are large and contain a highly lobate nucleus. On the basis of size, fine structure, and occurrence as individual cells, it is concluded that this cell type is found in the adult testis as well as in embryonic testes. An acrosomal vesicle of unusually large size is formed in the early spermatid stages. It is formed in close proximity with the base of the flagellum and later is found at the opposite end of the nucleus. It is postulated that nuclear rotation after acrosomal adhesion establishes the final polarity. The changing form and relationships between acrosome and nucleus are attributed in part to alterations of relative fluid pressures within the two organelles.
Inconsistency in spatial knowledge.

Two experiments examined whether spatial information judged from cognitive maps contains the functional euclidean properties of real maps. In Experiment 1, the six directions between sets of threetriad locations in a town were judged from memory. The angle formed by the two judged directions from a location to the other two locations in a triad was derived. The three derived angles of a triad were then summed. The derived angles were found to be biased toward 90 deg. The sum of the three derived angles of a triad also exceeded 180 deg, which violates the euclidean properties of real maps. In Experiment 2, subjects judged the direction between pairs of American cities in both directions. The judged directions were found to be consistently nonreversible, which is contrary to the properties of euclidean geometry. The study suggests that information judged from cognitive maps can contain internally inconsistent spatial properties, and the results are discussed in terms of current theories of spatial representation.
Acute steroidogenic stimulation of cultured adrenocortical tumor cells: An electron microscopic analysis

Abstract The addition of ACTH to primary cultures of functional mouse adrenocortical tumor cells results in a marked increase in the production and release of steroids by these cells. The steroidogenic response to ACTH is detectable within minutes and is associated with a ‘rounding-up’ of the cells. The effects of ACTH were analyzed by scanning, conventional transmission and stereoscopic high voltage electron microscopy. Cell morphology was studied in unstimulated cells, in cells stimulated for 10–15 min in which only partial rounding had occurred, and after 2 hr of continuous stimulation when most of the cells had fully rounded. In unstimulated cultures, bundles of microfilaments (stress fibers) were prominent in cell extensions, subjacent to coated regions of the plasma membrane and frequently in proximity to microtubules and clusters of lysosome-like organelles. As the rounding process commenced, stress fibers disappeared from the cell edges. In 2 hr stimulated cells, Golgi complexes were hypertrophied. There were more microprojections from the plasma membrane than in control cells, as well as evidence of increased pinocytotic activity. There was an apparent polymerization of microtubules in elongated processes extending outward from the bases of the rounded cells and a concentration of lysosome-like organelles in these formations. The possible significance of these changes with respect to the differentiated function of adrenal cells is under continuing investigation in our laboratory.
Derangement of growth and differentiation control in oncogenesis.

Human neoplasms develop following the progressive accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations to oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. These alterations confer a growth advantage to the cancer cell, leading to its clonal proliferation, invasion into surrounding tissues, and spread to distant organs. Genes that are altered in neoplasia affect three major biologic pathways that normally regulate cell growth and tissue homeostasis: the cell cycle, apoptosis, and differentiation. While each of these pathways can be defined by a unique set of molecular events, they are not biologically separate. Rather, they function more as an integrated molecular network, and perturbations in one pathway can have profound consequences on another. Insights into what distinguishes the regulation of growth and differentiation in a normal cell versus a cancer cell have led to the development of novel anticancer therapies. BioEssays 24:83–90, 2002. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effects of flavor salience on aversion performance following relatively long-delay backward conditioning procedures.

Male albino rats (n = 144) received a 0.15 M injection of lithium chloride (at 2.0% body wt), followed 10, 30, or 75 min later by a 5.0% casein CS or a 10.0% sucrose CS, casein being the more salient CS. For each CS one-third of the rats received no fluid during the toxin—CS interval. The remaining two-thirds of the rats received 2-min access to distilled water or to a novel flavor 5 min after onset of the toxin—CS interval. For sucrose CS groups, the novel flavor was casein; for casein CS groups, the novel flavor was sucrose. Groups which received no fluid during the toxin—CS interval showed reliably greater aversion effects to the casein CS than to the sucrose CS. Results of Test Trial 1 showed that aversion to casein was relatively unchanged across toxin—CS intervals, while aversion to sucrose decreased reliably from the 10-min to the 30- and 75-min intervals. However, for each toxin—CS interval, aversion to the sucrose CS was reliably enhanced when casein access occurred in the interval, relative to that for distilled water or no fluid access. For the casein CS, access to sucrose or distilled water in the toxin—CS interval altered aversion effects, relative to the no fluid condition, depending on the interval.
Disruption of Navel Orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Mating in Large-scale Plots with Synthetic Sex Pheromone

Four 6–8 ha plots in almond orchards were treated with ( Z, Z )-ll,13-hexadecadienal, a sex pheromone of the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker), to prevent mating, reduce populations, and reduce nut damage at harvest. Mating successrates of dealated females placed in plots were reduced 87.4, 65.2, 85.3, and 64.6% in the four tests. Nut damage at harvest was reduced by 27, 34, 12, and 22% in treated plots compared with control plots.
The specific assay of heparin by its chemical properties

A sensitive and specific chemical assay for heparin is herein presented. It is based on heparin's ability to catalyze the acidic hydrolysis of the cationic dye Auramine 0. The assay can detect as little as 1 μg of heparin, and is specific in that it distinguishes heparin from all other glycosaminoglycans tested. The applicability of the assay and interference due to the presence of proteins, organic cations, and inorganic salts is discussed.
But I Trust My Teen: Parents' Attitudes and Response to a Parental Monitoring Intervention

Parental knowledge gained from monitoring activities protects against adolescent risk involvement. Parental monitoring approaches are varied and may be modified with successful interventions but not all parents or adolescents respond to monitoring programs the same way. 339 parent-adolescent dyads randomized to receive a parental monitoring intervention and 169 parent-adolescent dyads in the control group were followed for one year over four measurement periods. Parent attitudes about the usefulness of monitoring, the importance of trust and respecting their teens’ privacy, and the appropriateness of adolescent risk-taking behavior and experimentation were examined as predictors of longitudinal change in parental monitoring and open communication. Similar effects were found in both the intervention and control group models regarding open communication. Parental attitudes impacted longitudinal patterns of teen-reported parent monitoring, and these patterns differed across experimental groups. In the intervention group, parents’ beliefs about the importance of trust and privacy were associated with a steeper decline in monitoring across time. Finally, parents’ attitudes about the normative nature of teen experimentation were associated with a quadratic parental monitoring time trend in the intervention but not the control group. These findings suggest that parental attitudes may impact how families respond to an adolescent risk intervention.
Increased Lung Preproendothelin-1 mRNA and Decreased Endothelin B Receptor mRNA Expression After Chronic Pulmonary Hypertension in the Ovine Fetus.• 113

Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor and smooth muscle mitogen, is produced from its precursor, preproendothelin-1 (ppET-1), by ET converting enzyme (ECE-1) activity. In the fetal lung, the effects of ET-1 are also dependent upon stimulation of ET A and B receptors, which mediate vasoconstriction and vasodilation, respectively. Past studies have suggested that ET-1 contributes to high pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in an experimental model of perinatal pulmonary hypertension due to chronic ligation of the ductus arteriosus (DA). Physiologic studies in this model have demonstrated altered ET A and ET B activities after DA ligation, but little is known about mechanisms contributing to these changes in ET-1 activity. To further study the role of ET-1 in pulmonary hypertension after DA ligation, we studied lung mRNA expression of ppET-1, ECE-1, and the ET A and ET B receptors in normal and hypertensive fetal lambs. Total RNA was isolated from whole lung tissue in normal late gestation fetuses (135±3 days; 147 days = term) and from animals with pulmonary hypertension after DA ligation for 8 days(134±4 days). DA ligation increased right ventricular hypertrophy(0.56±0.02 vs 0.85±0.05, right ventricle / left ventricle + septum, p<0.05). Northern blot analysis was performed using cDNA probes and was normalized to the signal for 18s rRNA. We found a 71±24% increase in steady state ppET-1 mRNA (p<0.05) and a 62±5% decrease in ET B mRNA expression in DA ligation (p<0.05). ECE-1 and ET A receptor mRNA expression did not change. We conclude that chronic intrauterine pulmonary hypertension from DA ligation increases steady state ppET-1 mRNA and decreases ET B receptor mRNA without changing ECE-1 mRNA or ET A receptor mRNA expression. These findings suggest that both increased ET-1 production and decreased ET B receptor expression favor increased vasoconstrictor tone and contribute to high PVR in experimental neonatal pulmonary hypertension.
Lymphocytes with congenitally active WASP

In this issue of Blood, Burns and colleagues report that the lymphocytes of a Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome patient with an activating WASP mutation display abnormal L-selectin-dependent adhesion and flow behavior in conjunction with altered cell topography and actin polymerization.
Polymorphic effect systems

We present a new approach to programming languages for parallel computers that uses an effect system to discover expression scheduling constraints. This effect system is part of a 'kinded' type system with three base kinds: types, which describe the value that an expression may return; effects, which describe the side-effects that an expression may have; and regions, which describe the area of the store in which side-effects may occur. Types, effects and regions are collectively called descriptions.Expressions can be abstracted over any kind of description variable -- this permits type, effect and region polymorphism. Unobservable side-effects can be masked by the effect system; an effect soundness property guarantees that the effects computed statically by the effect system are a conservative approximation of the actual side-effects that a given expression may have.The effect system we describe performs certain kinds of side-effect analysis that were not previously feasible. Experimental data from the programming language FX indicate that an effect system can be used effectively to compile programs for parallel computers.