cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation from a SARS-CoV-2-Positive Donor to a SARS-CoV-2-Positive Recipient.

Liver grafts from deceased donors with active SARS-CoV-2 infection carry an unknown risk of transmission. Recently, the OPTN Ad Hoc DTAC summary stated that the decision to recover organs from donors with active COVID-19 should consider the recipient's risk of mortality by delaying the transplantation while waiting for a suitable donor and the potential risk of donor-derived SARS-CoV-2 (1). With the high likelihood of persistent community transmission, many deceased donor livers from SARS-CoV-2 infected donors will not be transplanted (2).
Safety Performance of Rural Curved Corner Intersections with Regional Effects

This study evaluates the intersection of rural roads where a curved roadway segment connects the major flow of through traffic from orthogonal directions. A system of up to three intersections in c...
Wittgenstein: The Nature of Philosophy

Wittgenstein, con mayor profundidad que cualquier otro filosofo, comprendio la naturaleza de la filosofia. Sus observaciones acerca de ella se asemejan a los diagnosticos de un sicoanalista sobre su paciente. La filosofia era para el una aberracion neurotica en espera de tratamiento. De ahi que, desde su perspectiva, comprender un problema filosofico sea de hecho solucionarlo. Lo que el filosofo pretende es alterar los modos establecidos de expresion, creyendo al mismo tiempo que dice algo profundo acerca de la naturaleza de las cosas. No se percata de que sus proposiciones.son semanticamente ociosas. Ejemplos notables son las tesis de Heraclito de que todo fluye y la solipsista de que solo mis experiencias son reales. Como en muchos otros casos de proposiciones filosoficas, en estos se pretende retirar de la circulacion una frase (e.g., 'permanece el mismo') mientras que se mantiene fija su antitesis. Las tesis filosoficas se refuerzan por fantasias inconscientes a las que dan expresion intelectual. Tambien el solipsismo es una propuesta de cambio de convenciones linguisticas, sin consecuencias para la conducta. Afirmaciones como la de que solo yo soy real tienen, empero, la apariencia de una aseveracion factual, pero en el fondo solo crean la ilusion de que se esta diciendo algo profundo. Esa es precisamente su funcion. Las oraciones solipsistas le confieren a sus usuarios un "monopolio del ego" altamente satisfactorio, presentando como una teoria lo que no es mas que una modificacion linguistica. La posicion solipsista tiene tres componentes: 1) un uso academico de palabras como 'real' que hace que esta se aplique unicamente a la referenda del pronombre 'yo'; 2) una apariencia enganosa de que la oracion solipsista es parte de una teoria que sirve para enunciar hechos y 3) una fantasia inconsciente de auto-agrandamiento narcisista generado por las connotaciones del uso academico de 'real'. [Alejandro Tomasini Bassols]
The Modern Origins of the Early Middle Ages: Wood, Ian, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 400 pp., $110.00, ISBN-978-0-19-965048-4, Publication Date: September 2013

Professor Ian Wood, of the University of Leeds, is one of the most prolific and well-known scholars of the early Middle Ages from the UK. His numerous publications are well known, and he has made v...
Preventing Complications of Radiographic Contrast Media: Is There a Role for Dialysis?

Nephrologists are often called upon to provide hemodialysis to remove radiographic contrast media in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)--usually but not exclusively, those with end-stage renal disease. The reasons for this request vary from concerns over the volume load associated with the administration of a hyperosmolar solution, to the renal and extra-renal toxicities of the contrast itself. Simple calculations demonstrate that the increase in extracellular volume after a typical contrast load is minimal. Data supporting the extra-renal toxicity of contrast in patients maintained on dialysis are lacking. Iodinated contrast agents have molecular weights of 700-1500. This relatively small size as well as their lack of protein binding makes them well suited for removal with extracorporeal renal replacement therapies. Thus, provision of hemodialysis immediately following a contrast load is often utilized in an attempt to prevent further renal damage in patients with advanced stages of CKD. A number of trials have failed to demonstrate that this maneuver is effective. Hemofiltration (HF) has been reported to decrease the risk of acute renal failure in patients with CKD receiving a contrast load, but the studies are methodologically flawed. Therefore, there is currently no sound basis for routinely recommending hemodialysis (or HF) in patients at high risk for contrast media-associated complications.
Model-Based Testing of GUI-Driven Applications

While thorough testing of reactive systems is essential to ensure device safety, few testing methods center on GUI-driven applications. In this paper we present one approach for the model-based testing of such systems. Using the AHLTA-Mobile case study to demonstrate our approach, we first introduce a high-level method of modeling the expected behavior of GUI-driven applications. We show how to use the NModel tool to generate test cases from this model and present a way to execute these tests within the application, highlighting the challenges of using an API-geared tool in a GUI-based setting. Finally we present the results of our case study.
Evidence On The Effectiveness Of On-Line Homework

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact and effectiveness of on-line homework in principles of accounting classes. We surveyed students to determine their degree of satisfaction with on-line homework and their perceptions about its effectiveness in enhancing their learning. We also gathered data to determine the extent of online homework completed and its effect on class performance. The results indicate that on-line homework increases student performance and that students believe that using on-line homework is an effective method of study.
International price volatility: Evidence from U.S. and Mexican cities

Abstract We investigate price volatility across cities in the U.S. and Mexico. We find substantial differences in volatility across types of city pairs, with unexplained price volatility exhibiting heteroscedasticity. U.S. city pairs have the lowest variance in unexplained price volatility while international city pairs have the greatest. We test whether the North American Free Tree Agreement (NAFTA) had any statistical impact on intercity price volatility and find that the impact was minor. Finally, following Engel and Rogers (1996) , we find the width of the Mexico–U.S. border equivalent to adding between 3,642 and 44,765 miles of distance. However, since the NAFTA was passed the border has “shrunk” by about 5%.
Phospholipid composition of Rous sarcoma virus, host cell membranes and other enveloped RNA viruses

Abstract Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) grown in chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) and purified by several procedures was analyzed for chemical and phospholipid composition. The purified virus is composed of 64% protein, 1.9% RNA, 6% hexose, and 31% lipid. Sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine are the major phospholipids, comprising 29%, 28%, and 30%, respectively, of the total viral phospholipid. Plasma membranes isolated from both RSV-infected and uninfected CEF were also analyzed for phospholipid; no significant difference was detected in the composition of these two membranes. While the phospholipid pattern of RSV broadly resembles that of the host cell membrane from which the virion is released by budding, the viral phospholipids contain a significantly higher proportion of sphingomyelin and lower phosphatidylcholine than do those of the plasma membrane. The phospholipids of Newcastle disease, Sindbis, and Sendai viruses, also grown in CEF, have been analyzed; the patterns are the same as that found for RSV. This similarity suggests that the requirements of “budding” during maturation, or subsequent adsorption to host cells, may impose restrictions on the lipid composition of these otherwise different viruses. These studies, and others dealing with kinetics of phospholipid synthesis, do not implicate phospholipid metabolism in transformation by oncogenic viruses.
Regional carbon fluxes from an observationally constrained dynamic ecosystem model: Impacts of disturbance, CO2 fertilization, and heterogeneous land cover

[1] The Ecosystem Demography (ED) model was parameterized with ecological, forest inventory, and historical land use observations in an intensively managed, wetland-rich forested landscape in the upper midwest United States. Model results were evaluated against a regional network of eddy covariance flux towers and analyzed about the roles of disturbance, forest management, and CO2 fertilization. The model captured modern regional vegetation structure with worst comparison in wetlands. Model net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) was highly correlated on monthly (r2 = 0.65) and annual (r2 = 0.53) timescales to 7 years of NEE observed at a 396-m-tall eddy covariance (EC) tower and to 2 years of growing season NEE from 13 regional stand-scale EC sites of varying cover and age (r2 = 0.64). Model summer NEE had higher than observed net uptake for the tall tower and mature hardwood sites, and correlation to growing season ecosystem respiration at these sites was poor (r2 = 0.09). Exclusion of forestry led to overestimation of aboveground living plant biomass accumulation by 109% between two forest inventory cycles (1996–2004). On the long-term (200 years), forestry significantly altered ecosystem cover and age, and increased NEE by 32%. CO2 fertilization over that time period increased NEE by 93% owing to a doubling of plant density. While the model showed that harvest and afforestation had smaller impacts on NEE than CO2 increase, the former were still significant and require consideration when making future NEE predictions or scaling plot-level data to regional and global flux estimates.
The Religious Power of Scripture

A distinction was proposed in old Protestantism, by Johannes Musaeus among others, but not then generally adopted: that the authority of Scripture is a ‘double capacity: one to judge other writings and teachings…, another to bring about the assent of faith…’. Recognition of this distinction and separate discussion of these capacities is, in my judgement, necessary to resolve many modern perplexities about Scripture. The present essay is concerned for the second sort of scriptural authority, precisely in its difference from the first. We will begin with the simple fact that the church reads Scripture, in expectation of faith.
Comparative Analysis of Fracture Strength of Slurry and Diamond Wire Sawn Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Wafers

This paper presents an analysis of fracture strength of multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) solar wafers produced by slurry and diamond wire sawing. The wafers were bent in two orthogonal orientations relative to the saw marks. The fracture strength of slurry sawn wafers increases gradually from wire entry to wire exit whereas the strength variation in the wire feed direction is small. The fracture strength of diamond wire sawn wafers is bi-directional, with a higher strength if bent perpendicular to the saw marks and a lower strength if bent parallel to the saw marks. The fracture strength variation is related to the microcracks generated in the vicinity of grit-induced surface damage.
On the Set of Orbits for a Borel Subgroup

Let X = G/H be a homogeneous variety for a connected complex reductive group G and let B be a Borel subgroup of G. In many situations, it is necessary to study the B-orbits in X . An equivalent setting of this problem is to analyze H-orbits in the flag variety G/B. The probably best known example is the Bruhat decomposition of G/B where one takes H = B. Another well-studied situation is the case where H is a symmetric subgroup, i.e., the fixed point group of an involution of G. Then H-orbits in G/B play a very important role in representation theory. They are the main ingredients for the classification of irreducible Harish-Chandra modules (see e.g. the surveys [Sch], [Wo]). In this paper, we introduce two structures on the set of all B-orbits. The first one is not really new, namely an action of a monoid W ∗ on the set B(X) of all B-stable closed subvarieties of X . As a set, W ∗ is the Weyl group W of G but with a different multiplication. That has already been done by Richardson and Springer [RS1] in the case of symmetric varieties and the construction generalizes easily. As an application we obtain a short proof of a theorem of Brion [Br1] and Vinberg [Vin]: If B has a open orbit in X then B has only finitely many orbits. Varieties with this property are called spherical . All examples mentioned above are of this type. The second structure which we are introducing is an action of the Weyl group W on a certain subset of B(X). Let me remark that in the most important case, X spherical, B(X) is just the set of B-orbit closures and the W -action will be defined on all of it. We give two methods to construct this action. In the first, we define directly the action of the simple reflections sα of W . This is done by reduction to the case rkG = 1 and then by a case-by-case consideration. The advantage of this method is that it is very concrete and works in general. The problem is to show that the sα-actions actually define
Alterations in consummatory behavior following intracisternal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine.

Abstract Intracisternal administration of two doses of 6-hydroxydopamine, one with pargyline pretreatment and one without, caused an initial disruption of consummatory behavior. In spite of measures to enhance recovery from these acute effects, 6-hydroxydopamine treated rats were found to maintain body weight at a lower level than control rats. Similar to controls, treated animals were found to drink water in the absence of food and to enhance water consumption in response to the administration of a hypertonic saline solution. However, unlike control rats, animals treated with 6-hydroxydopamine failed to increase food intake following insulin administration. Desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) treatment enhanced saline preference in 6-hydroxydopamine treated rats, but the maximum volume of saline consumed was markedly less than the intake of control rats following DOCA treatment. While control rats drank a large volume of either a sucrose or a saline solution when substituted for water, 6-hydroxydopamine treated animals showed little increase in their intake of these solutions. Preferential deplition of norepinephine in brain did not alter consumption of a sucrose solution; however, depletion of dopamine produced a significant reduction in sucrose intake. These latter findings suggest that this deficit observed in the 6-hydroxydopamine treated rat involves interruption of dopaminergic pathways.
Possible differences in modes of agonist and antagonist binding at human 5-HT6 receptors

Abstract A graphics model of the human 5-HT6 receptor was constructed and automated docking studies were performed. The model suggests that 5-HT6 antagonist arylsulfonyltryptamines might bind differently than that of the agonist serotonin. Furthermore, the model explains many of the empirical results from our previous structure–affinity studies.
Combination sequential chemotherapy in advanced reticulum cell sarcoma.

Based on studies of the chemotherapy of human leukemia and late stage animal neoplasms which may be kinetically analogous to disseminated reticulum cell sarcoma, a therapy program was devised using sequential cyclophosphamide-vincristine followed by weekly methotrexate-cytosine arabinoside. Each cycle of therapy consisted of cyclophosphamide 1.5 g/m2 on day 0 and vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15; subsequently, 8 weekly doses of IV cytosine arabinoside 300 mg/m2 and oral methotrexate 120 mg/m2 over 24 hours were given followed by “Leucovorin rescue.” Fifteen patients received 3 such cycles with intervening 2-week recovery periods. Nine patients achieved complete remission, and 6 had a partial response. Median remission duration was 10 months. Median survival from onset of disease was 15+ months and from beginning of therapy was 14+ months. Five of 7 patients who have relapsed are dead. Toxic manifestations included neutropenia below 1000/mm3 in 10 patients; of these, there were recurrent episodes of sepsis in one. Alopecia occurred in 10, and reversible neurotoxicity in 8 patients.
CT scanning for radiation therapy treatment planning of hepatoma.

Abstract One hundred forty-five patients with hepatoma had CT scanning for radiation therapy treatment planning. In order to demonstrate the anatomical distortions that occur with hepatoma and its effect on treatment planning, a control group of 50 colorectal cancer patients with normal livers was analyzed for comparison. The objectives of planning were to deliver as homogeneous a dose to the whole liver as possible and not to treat more than one of two functional kidneys or more than one-half of both functional kidneys. Conventional AP/PA portals were defined by physical examination, intravenous pyelogram, and bowel gas patterns at simulation and were found to be inadequate for the treatment of 76% of patients with hepatoma and 10% of patients with normal livers. Among the control group patients with no hepatoma, only 10% required oblique portals and 6% could not be treated because of left hydronephrosis or a solitary right kidney. Because the distortion of the liver in hepatoma in relationship to the kidneys required portal modification in 76% of hepatoma cases; 39% required oblique planning, 24% AP/PA, 20% PA and left lateral portals, and 17% required 4-field, 3-field or other plans in order to meet the treatment planning objectives. We concluded that all patients receiving radiation therapy to the liver for hepatoma require CI scanning for optimum radiation therapy treatment planning because of the hepatic distortion that occurs in hepatoma and the requirements of renal tolerance.
Occupational History Quality in Patients With Newly Documented, Clinician-Diagnosed Chronic Bronchitis

Background Approximately 15% of cases of COPD, including chronic bronchitis, is attributable to occupational exposures. An occupational history is essential to identify exposures responsible for work-related chronic bronchitis. Methods We conducted a structured retrospective analysis of the medical records of veterans, 18 to 70 years of age, newly diagnosed with chronic bronchitis in order to achieve the following: (1) to assess the quality of documented occupational histories; and (2) to characterize the management of patients with a history of exposure to a potentially hazardous respiratory substance. We also analyzed occupational exposure data reported by patients on a structured questionnaire. Results Sixty patients were included in the final analysis. A total of 6,150 notes were reviewed. Occupational status was documented in the records of 54 patients (90%). A description of occupational duties was recorded in 32 records (53%), and work exposure data in 26 records (43%). Clinicians concluded that occupational exposures potentially contributed to chronic bronchitis in three patients (5%). A recommendation for exposure avoidance was documented for six patients (10%). On the questionnaire, most patients reported a history of occupational exposure to respirable substances and symptoms of cough and/or shortness of breath. Conclusions Details about job duties and occupational respiratory exposures were documented in the records of approximately half of patients with newly diagnosed chronic bronchitis. Patient self-reports of occupational exposures and respiratory symptoms were common. A determination that occupational exposures contributed to chronic bronchitis was rare. Few patients were counseled to take measures to avoid occupational exposures. Work-related chronic bronchitis may be incompletely assessed and undermanaged by clinicians.
Temporal transcriptional response during infection of type II alveolar epithelial cells with Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS) supports a general host suppression and bacterial uptake by macropinocytosis.

Pneumonic tularemia is caused by inhalation of Francisella tularensis, one of the most infectious microbes known. We wanted to study the kinetics of the initial and early interactions between bacterium and host cells in the lung. To do this, we examined the infection of A549 airway epithelial cells with the live vaccine strain (LVS) of F. tularensis. A549 cells were infected and analyzed for global transcriptional response at multiple time points up to 16 h following infection. At 15 min and 2 h, a strong transcriptional response was observed including cytoskeletal rearrangement, intracellular transport, and interferon signaling. However, at later time points (6 and 16 h), very little differential gene expression was observed, indicating a general suppression of the host response consistent with other reported cell lines and murine tissues. Genes for macropinocytosis and actin/cytoskeleton rearrangement were highly up-regulated and common to the 15 min and 2 h time points, suggesting the use of this method for bacterial entry into cells. We demonstrate macropinocytosis through the uptake of FITC-dextran and amiloride inhibition of Francisella LVS uptake. Our results suggest that macropinocytosis is a potential mechanism of intracellular entry by LVS and that the host cell response is suppressed during the first 2–6 h of infection. These results suggest that the attenuated Francisella LVS induces significant host cell signaling at very early time points after the bacteria's interaction with the cell.
First-year teachers' implementation of the NCTM standards

ABSTRACT Recent publications concerned with reforming mathematics education have called for prospective teachers of mathematics to be taught in a manner consistent with how they will be expected to teach, that is, in a way consistent with the instructional practices recommended in the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics [NCTM] Standards documents. Until this is common, graduates of our mathematics teacher education programs will be placed in a difficult situation: they will be asked to teach in a manner that for most them represents a radical change from the way in which they were taught mathematics. Twelve 1995 graduates of a secondary school mathematics program with a strong emphasis on the Standards took part in a study related to their experiences as first year teachers (FYTs) of mathematics. Having completed most of their mathematics classes before the publication of the NCTM Standards documents, the FYTs' own experiences as learners of mathematics in school were not influenced by the Standar...
Unilesional mycosis fungoides: A distinct entity

Four cases of solitary lesions showing the histologic features of mycosis fungoides are described. Three patients had an erythematous scaling plaque, whereas the fourth had a solitary nodule. The lesion was located on the arm in two patients, on the foot in one patient, and on the back in one patient. No preceding factors were noted, and no lymphadenopathy or other significant illness was found on examination. Histologic examination demonstrated features of a cutaneous T cell lymphoma with epidermotropism. Monoclonal markers on frozen and paraffin sections revealed a predominant T cell infiltrate. Three patients were treated with local excision. The remaining patient was treated with radiotherapy. The lesions have not recurred, and no new lesions have developed after individual follow-up of 7 months, 7 1/2 months, 13 years, and 18 years. These cases appear to be unique reports of solitary mycosis fungoides behaving in a biologically benign manner. The relationship to Woringer-Kolopp disease and lymphomatoid papulosis is discussed.
Concentration and Distribution of Six Trace Metals in Northern Kentucky Soils

Concentration and distribution of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) were determined in 26 soil profiles (n = 78) of northern Kentucky in response to environmental concerns about increasing anthropogenic inputs in a fast-paced urbanizing area. The selected sites represent alluvial, glacial till or residual soils that have not received any biosolid- or industrial-waste applications. Mean concentrations of Zn (53.8 mg kg−1) and Ni (25.9 mg kg−1) were the highest in the soil profile, whereas Cd (0.21 mg kg−1) was present only in trace amounts. All metals were within the low to middle range of baseline concentrations reported for US soils, suggesting minimal anthropogenic inputs. The distribution of Cu, Cr, Ni, and Zn increased with soil depth, whereas Cd and Pb concentrations were unaffected throughout the soil profile. Alluvial soils had the highest overall metal accumulations, particularly in surface soil horizons, indicating potential metal enrichment through d...
The Implications of Model Specification for Welfare Estimation in Nested Logit Models

Nested logit models are increasingly being used to value environmental amenities. The implications of nesting structure, choice of estimator (FIML or sequential), and restrictions on parameters across nested groups on welfare estimates are examined. These issues have received little previous attention. Model selection criteria that can be used to distinguish among the models are extended and applied. Additionally, a simulation procedure is implemented to construct standard errors for the welfare measures.
Cyber Resiliency Engineering Overview of the Architectural Assessment Process

Abstract Missions, business functions, organizations, and nations are increasingly dependent on cyberspace where attacks are no longer limited to simple discrete events such as the spread of a virus or a denial-of-service attack. Therefore, architecture and systems engineering must assume systems or components have been compromised and missions and business functions must continue to operate despite compromises. A growing number of technologies and architectural practices can be used to improve resilience to cyber threats. However, these improvements come with costs as well as benefits. Cyber resiliency assessments are intended to identify where, how, and when cyber resiliency techniques can be applied to improve architectural resiliency in a cost-effective way.
What Curves α-Solenoids? EVIDENCE FOR AN α-HELICAL TOROID STRUCTURE OF Rpn1 AND Rpn2 PROTEINS OF THE 26 S PROTEASOME

Abstract The α-helical solenoid proteins adopt a variety of elongated curved structures. They have been examined to identify the interactions that determine their curvature. A sequence pattern characteristic for strongly curved α-helical solenoids has been constructed and was found to match protein sequences containing the proteasome/cyclosome repeats. Based on this, a structural model of the repeat-containing domains of the Rpn1/S2 and Rpn2/S1 proteins, which represent the largest subunits of the 26 S proteasome, has been proposed. The model has a novel architecture resembling an α-helical toroid. Molecular modeling shows that these toroids have a central pore that would allow passage of an unfolded protein substrate through it. This implies that the Rpn1 and Rpn2 toroids are aligned along the common axial pores of the ATPase hexamer and form an “antechamber” of the 26 S proteasome. The proposed quaternary structure agrees with the available experimental data. It is suggested that the function of this antechamber is assistance to the ATPases in the unfolding of protein substrates prior to proteolysis. An evolutionary link between the PC repeat-containing proteins and tetratricopeptide repeat proteins is proposed.
Quadrupole coupling measurements on IF5

Abstract High resolution spectra of J =0→1, 1→2 and 2→3 rotational transitions in IF 5 were obtained using a Flygare-Balle-type microwave spectrometer. Twenty-two transitions with K =0 or K =1 were fit to obtain the molecular parameters A 0 = B 0 =2727.4231 (8) MHz, eq cc Q =1069.41 (4) and the spin-rotation interaction C C =0.016(1) MHz.
Performance Evaluation of a New Nasogastric Feeding Tube

A performance evaluation of a new polyurethane nasogastric feeding tube and stainless steel stylette (Nutriflex, # 8 French) was conducted at University Hospital. Thirty-eight tubes were successfully placed in 18 patients. Tubes remained in place less than 1-29 days and feedings were administered for a total of 196 patient days. Enteral formulas commonly available were administered via continuous drip. The tube use was surveyed for ease of insertion primarily; however, patency and comfort to the patient were felt to be positive with the use of this tube. With slight modifications the new feeding tube is a welcome addition to the expanding technology associated with enteral feedings.
Democratic Quality in Stable Democracies

The major predecessor to Ringen’s and my own efforts to measure democratic quality in terms of the purpose of democracy is Robert Dahl’s seminal book Polyarchy (1971). Measuring the quality of democracy requires two prior judgments: (1) making sure that, in terms of institutional characteristics, a country is sufficiently democratic, and that, as a minimum, it has universal suffrage, and (2) that its democracy has been uninterrupted for a minimum number of years. To an important extent, higher democratic quality can be attributed to institutional characteristics of consensus democracy, especially proportional representation.
Zur Darstellung von WO2‐ und W20O58‐ Kristallen durch chemische Transportreaktionen

Es wurde die Darstellung von WO2- und W20O58-Einkristallen durch chemische Transportreaktionen untersucht. Die Experimente erfolgten in abgeschlossenen Quarzglasampullen nach dem Diffusionsverfahren mit Chlorwasserstoff und Chlor als Transportgase und im Temperaturgebiet zwischen 650°C und 1000°C. Die gewonnenen Kristalle werden beschrieben, und die Abhangigkeit der Kristallgrose von Ampullenquerschnitt, Temperaturgradient und Transportdauer wurde gepruft. Die Identifizierung der gezuchteten Kristalle erfolgte rontgenographisch.
Space mission design for exoplanet imaging

Multiple different groups have generated a wide variety of mission concepts for direct exoplanet imaging, incorporating a variety of spacecraft architectures and starlight suppression systems. Here, we present a framework for modeling exoplanet surveys based on these concepts, including systematic methods for predicting their expected science yields, thereby allowing for the direct comparison of different mission concepts. We describe in detail the components of this modeling framework and demonstrate how we can generate simulated planetary populations that are broadly consistent with the results of the Kepler transit survey and previous radial velocity surveys. We present results of end-to-end mission simulations, focusing in particular on the 2.4 m aperture scale provided by the Astrophysics Focused Telescope Asset and set top level requirements for the coronagraph needed to discover and characterize new planets with this telescope.
Achieving synthesis with meta-analysis by combining and comparing all available studies.

Advances in ecology do not require meta-analysis to answer questions. Yet, what meta-analysis provides is an opportunity to explore why multiple independent tests of these questions can have different outcomes. This exploration is a way meta-analysis can achieve synthesis: by identifying explanations for variation in research while isolating which concepts are applicable over a wide variety of contexts (Glass 1976, Greenland 1994). However, Whittaker (2010) argues?perhaps with some justification based on an audit of multiple conflicting reviews?that a more strict approach to meta-analysis would be more useful for ecology. Specifically, he favors a "best evidence synthesis" that combines both quanti tative and qualitative reviewing techniques to answer more narrow questions with only high quality studies (following Slavin 1986, 1994). My intention with this commentary is to explore how stringent the inclusion criteria should be for meta analysis and the consequences for the breadth or narrowness of the resulting review. I primarily focus on two issues that have received little attention in ecological meta-analysis. First, how the intention and purpose of meta-analysis can impact the scope of the review, and second, how different philosophies on quality assessment can shape the inferences obtained from such reviews. To make these points, I rely heavily ,on previous discussions from the medical and social sciences about the application of the narrow "best evidence" approach over the broad exploratory alterna tive. For example, the best evidence approach qualita tively assesses study quality prior to synthesis; whereas the exploratory approach evaluates quality empirically (see Thompson 1994, Eysenck 1995). These opposing philosophies on how quality is treated can significantly alter the rewards of synthesis, perhaps resulting in a review with too few studies to make any useful generalization or a review that lacks the precision to estimate a biologically meaningful effect (van der Velde et al. 2007). Progress in ecological meta-analysis need
Modification of Stone's theory of g-factors for aromatic hydrocarbon free radicals to include quadratic terms

Abstract Stone's theory for the g-factors of orbitally nondegenerate organic free radicals has been modified to include several important molecular orbital contributions which were omitted in the original derivation. Second-order terms in the Huckel eigenvalue λ have also been included. This leads to an expression of the form Δg = ′a + b′λ + c′λ2. Evaluation of the various molecular orbital parameters leads to the conclusion that both b′ and c′ should be negative. These results are in agreement with the limited amount of experimental data presently available from which the values b′ = −1.61 × 10−4and c′ = −4.85 × 10−5 have been derived.
Impact of management intensity on mites (Acari: Tetranychidae, Phytoseiidae) in Southcentral Washington wine grapes

Abstract In 2001 and 2002, grapevines in southcentral Washington were surveyed to assess taxonomic composition, density, and phenology of spider mites and predaceous phytoseiid mites. To determine how management intensity affected the mite fauna we compared mite densities among, 1) non-managed grapevines not exposed to any chemical input, 2) managed vineyards exposed to fungicides and herbicides, and 3) managed vineyards exposed to fungicides, herbicides, insecticides and acaricides. Because the use of non-selective pesticides often results in higher pest densities due to negative effects on predators, our hypothesis was that as chemical input increased, spider mite densities would increase while densities of phytoseiid mites would decrease. Tetranychus mcdanieli McGregor was the most abundant spider mite in our samples. Spider mite densities were lowest in sites receiving no chemical input, while spider mite densities were similar in low and high input managed vineyards. Galendromus occidentalis (Nesbitt...
On the distribution of plasma L-asparaginase.

The guinea-pig,Cavia porcellus, is unusual in possessing plasma L-asparaginase, an enzyme with anti-tumor activity. 21 additional species have been examined as to the presence of this enzyme: the results confirm and extend its remarkably limited species distribution.
Cells that express MyoD mRNA in the epiblast are stably committed to the skeletal muscle lineage

The epiblast of the chick embryo contains cells that express MyoD mRNA but not MyoD protein. We investigated whether MyoD-positive (MyoDpos) epiblast cells are stably committed to the skeletal muscle lineage or whether their fate can be altered in different environments. A small number of MyoDpos epiblast cells were tracked into the heart and nervous system. In these locations, they expressed MyoD mRNA and some synthesized MyoD protein. No MyoDpos epiblast cells differentiated into cardiac muscle or neurons. Similar results were obtained when MyoDpos cells were isolated from the epiblast and microinjected into the precardiac mesoderm or neural plate. In contrast, epiblast cells lacking MyoD differentiated according to their environment. These results demonstrate that the epiblast contains both multipotent cells and a subpopulation of cells that are stably committed to the skeletal muscle lineage before the onset of gastrulation. Stable programming in the epiblast may ensure that MyoDpos cells express similar signaling molecules in a variety of environments.
The Aldo Moro Murder Case in Retrospect

Abstract On 16 March 1978, the Marxist-Leninist Red Brigades kidnapped Aldo Moro, Italy's paramount political figure of the time. The Italian government steadfastly refused to negotiate with the Red Brigades for Moro's life, and on 9 May the terrorists executed him. Conspiracy theories based on the logic of Cold War politics and involving accusations against subversive elements in the Italian government and the secret services of foreign governments, particularly the United States and Israel, quickly surfaced. These theories gained wide currency among the Italian public despite overwhelming evidence that the Red Brigades bore exclusive responsibility for the crime. This article surveys some of the recent literature on what is still an extremely controversial subject in Italy.
Large quaternary landslides in the central appalachian valley and ridge province near Petersburg, West Virginia

Abstract Geological mapping and photointerpretation of side-looking airborne radar images and color-infrared aerial photographs reveal two large Quaternary landslides in the Valley and Ridge province of the central Appalachians near Petersburg, W. Va. The Elkhorn Mountain rock avalanche occurs on the thrust-faulted northwestern flank of the Elkhorn Mountain anticlinorium. A minimum of 7 × 106 m3 of quartzite colluvium was transported more than 3 km from a 91 m high escarpment of Silurian Tuscarora Quartzite. The extensively vegetated deposit may owe, in part, its transport and weathering to periglacial conditions during the Pleistocene. In contrast, the Gap Mountain rock block slide is a single allochthonous block that is 1.2 km long, 0.6 km wide, and at least 60 m thick. The 43 × 106 m3 block is composed of limestone of the Helderberg Group and the Oriskany Sanstone of Early Devonian age. Planar detachment probably occurred along a dissolution bedding plane near the Shriver Chert and the Oriskany Sandstone contact. Failure probably was initiated by downcutting of the South Branch Potomac River during the Pleistocene. Landslides of this magnitude suggest accelerated erosion during periglacial climates in the Pleistocene. The recognition of these large slope failures may provide evidence of paleoclimatic conditions and, thereby, increase our understanding of the geomorphologic development of the Valley and Ridge province.
FIRST REPORT OF COSTACOPLUMA COLLINS AND MORRIS, 1975 (DECAPODA: BRACHYURA: RETROPLUMIDAE) FROM THE EOCENE OF ALABAMA, U.S.A.

Abstract Nine specimens of retroplumid crabs collected from the late early or early middle Eocene Tallahatta Formation in southern Alabama form the basis for description of a new species, Costacopluma grayi. The discovery confirms the extension of the range of the genus into the Eocene and represents the first occurrence of Costacopluma in the United States. As a result of the geologic range extension, the genus is now known to be contemporary with two other retroplumid genera, Retrocypoda, and Retropluma.
Subunit Composition and Substrate Specificity of a MOF-containing Histone Acetyltransferase Distinct from the Male-specific Lethal (MSL) Complex *

Human MOF (MYST1), a member of the MYST (Moz-Ybf2/Sas3-Sas2-Tip60) family of histone acetyltransferases (HATs), is the human ortholog of the Drosophila males absent on the first (MOF) protein. MOF is the catalytic subunit of the male-specific lethal (MSL) HAT complex, which plays a key role in dosage compensation in the fly and is responsible for a large fraction of histone H4 lysine 16 (H4K16) acetylation in vivo. MOF was recently reported to be a component of a second HAT complex, designated the non-specific lethal (NSL) complex (Mendjan, S., Taipale, M., Kind, J., Holz, H., Gebhardt, P., Schelder, M., Vermeulen, M., Buscaino, A., Duncan, K., Mueller, J., Wilm, M., Stunnenberg, H. G., Saumweber, H., and Akhtar, A. (2006) Mol. Cell 21, 811–823). Here we report an analysis of the subunit composition and substrate specificity of the NSL complex. Proteomic analyses of complexes purified through multiple candidate subunits reveal that NSL is composed of nine subunits. Two of its subunits, WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5) and host cell factor 1 (HCF1), are shared with members of the MLL/SET family of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase complexes, and a third subunit, MCRS1, is shared with the human INO80 chromatin-remodeling complex. In addition, we show that assembly of the MOF HAT into MSL or NSL complexes controls its substrate specificity. Although MSL-associated MOF acetylates nucleosomal histone H4 almost exclusively on lysine 16, NSL-associated MOF exhibits a relaxed specificity and also acetylates nucleosomal histone H4 on lysines 5 and 8.
Regular Copolyamides. III. Preparation and Characterization of Regular Aliphatic/Aromatic Copolyoxamides

Abstract Regular aliphatic/aromatic copolyoxamides were prepared from diamine-oxamides and aromatic diacid chlorides by interfacial and solution polymerization. Solution polymerization in chloroform or dimethylacetamide is preferred for the preparation of large quantities of polymers but interfacial polymerization is most conveniently carried out for the preparation of polymers with high molecular weight. Aromatic diacid chlorides used included the diacid chlorides of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, two isomeric naphthalene dicarboxylic acids, two cyclo-hexanedicarboxylic acid isomers, as well as 1,1-cyclobutane-dicarboxylic acid. Copolymers of diamine-oxamides with mixtures of acid chlorides of isophthalic and pyridine dicarboxylic acid and isophthalic acid/tetrachloroterephthalic acid have also been prepared. Most polymers are film-forming and are soluble in concentrated sulfuric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, and dimethylacetamide (containing several per cent LiCl). A n...
Inhibition of the EGF-activated MAP kinase signaling pathway by adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases p42mapk and p44mapk are activated in cells stimulated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and other agents. A principal pathway for MAP kinase (MAPK) activation by EGF consists of sequential activations of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos, the guanosine triphosphate binding protein Ras, and the protein kinases Raf-1, MAPK kinase (MKK), and MAPK. Because adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) does not activate MAPK and has some opposing physiologic effects, the effect of increasing intracellular concentrations of cAMP with forskolin and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine on the EGF-stimulated MAPK pathway was studied. Increased concentrations of cAMP blocked activation of Raf-1, MKK, and MAPK in Rat1hER fibroblasts, accompanied by a threefold increase in Raf-1 phosphorylation on serine 43 in the regulatory domain. Phosphorylation of Raf-1 in vitro and in vivo reduces the apparent affinity with which it binds to Ras and may contribute to the blockade by cAMP.
Subureteric Polytef injection in the management of vesico-ureteric reflux in children

Subureteric Polytef injection is one of the alternatives now available for the management of vesico-ureteric reflux in children. The results of the treatment by one surgeon, over a 2 year period, were studied prospectively in 47 children (60 refluxing units). Following a single injection, reflux was abolished in 49 (82%) ureters and of the 11 failures, 10 ureters showed a reduction of the grade of reflux while one remained unchanged. A repeat injection was performed in nine of these ureters with success in five, persistence in two, and two children are awaiting a follow-up cystogram. The conservative success, with the addition of a second injection, was 90% (54/60). Of the four with unresolved reflux, two have low grade reflux and are free of infection, and two have had a ureteric reimplant, one of which was after a single injection, at the request of the parents. There were no instances of ureteric obstruction. These results show a viable, minimally invasive alternative to open ureteric reimplantation in the management of vesico-ureteric reflux in children.
MET-dependent cancer invasion may be preprogrammed by early alterations of p53-regulated feedforward loop and triggered by stromal cell-derived HGF.

MET, a receptor protein tyrosine kinase activated by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), is a crucial determinant of metastatic progression. Recently, we have identified p53 as an important regulator of MET-dependent cell motility and invasion. This regulation occurs via feedforward loop suppressing MET expression by miR- 34-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Here, by using Dicer conditional knockout, we provide further evidence for microRNA-independent MET regulation by p53. Furthermore, we show that while MET levels increase immediately after p53 inactivation, mutant cells do not contain active phosphorylated MET and remain non-invasive for a long latency period at contrary to cell culture observations. Evaluation of mouse models of ovarian and prostate carcinogenesis indicates that formation of desmoplastic stroma, associated production of HGF by stromal cells and coinciding MET phosphorylation precede cancer invasion. Thus, initiation mutation of p53 is sufficient for preprogramming motile and invasive properties of epithelial cells, but the stromal reaction may represent a critical step for their manifestation during cancer progression.
What should housing vouchers do? A review of the recent literature

This paper challenges the assumption that housing vouchers help recipients move from crime-ridden inner-city areas to ‘good’ lower-poverty neighborhoods and, in turn, to achieve self-sufficiency. A review of the American and European literature on housing mobility programs and on mixed-income communities fails to support this belief. Efforts to maintain, and expand, the voucher program should be based on the program’s proven ability to provide decent and affordable housing rather than on unproven claims that it promotes poverty deconcentration and family self-sufficiency. I find considerable evidence that voucher recipients cluster spatially and that this promotes social decline in neighborhoods already vulnerable to change. Policymakers need to monitor voucher settlement patterns and to address programmatic weaknesses that cause negative neighborhood effects and voucher controversies.