cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Material compatibility evaluation for elastomers, plastics, and metals exposed to ethanol and butanol blends

Abstract As the use of alternative fuels increases in the marketplace, it is important to understand how these new fuels might impact the network of transportation, storage, and distribution systems used for transportation fuels. This study examined materials compatibility issues for components that would be found in the existing petroleum fueling infrastructure. E10 blends with both aggressive and non-aggressive formulations, a 55% butanol blend with an aggressive formulation were employed on metal, plastic, and elastomer samples. The material specimens were evaluated before and after exposure for volume and mass change, and elastomers and plastics were tested for tensile strength. The elastomers and plastics generally increased in volume and mass immediately following the exposures, indicating the adsorption of the liquid fuels into the elastomer and plastic material. Following drying, the most elastomers shrank to volume/mass values below that of the original sample, indicating that the liquid fuel and some of the associated elastomer components were removed from the sample, while plastics retained some of this volume swell/mass gain after drying, indicating that the liquid fuel was retained in the plastic structure. Metal samples were the least affected by the liquid fuel exposures, with all samples showing a minimal increase or decrease in volume of 6% or less and negligible change in mass. Most elastomers and plastics showed a reduction in tensile strength and elongation after the fuel exposures.
Planning for natural disasters in a stochastic world

We examine the risks and management of natural disasters. A benefit-cost frame- work focuses attention on (1) designing control structures, such as dams and levees, and mitigation policies, such as construction standards, to protect lives and property against small and medium, rather than large sized natural disasters; and (2) warning and evacuation to save lives for large natural disasters. Providing information rather than command solutions generally enhances social benefits, if people understand the risks and bear the expected costs. Requiring actuarially fair insurance simultaneously provides information and has individuals bear the expected costs.
The Implementation of Virtual Instruction in Relation to X-ray Anatomy and Positioning in a Chiropractic Degree Program: A Descriptive Paper.

This article provides information regarding the introduction of virtual education into classroom instruction, wherein a method of classroom instruction was developed with the use of a computer, digital camera, and various software programs. This approach simplified testing procedures, thus reducing institutional costs substantially by easing the demand for manpower, and seemed to improve average grade performance. Organized files with hundreds of digital pictures have created a range of instructor resources. Much of the new course materials were organized onto compact disks to complement course notes. Customizing presentations with digital technology holds potential benefits for students, instructors and the institution
What Good Is an Old Book

At what point does the hitherto unrecorded anonymous 18th-century novel fetching upwards of £1,000 seem not only a silly but an institutionally irresponsible acquisition?— Michael T. Ryan 2 In December of 1984, the University of Pennsylvania Libraries bought an anonymous two-volume novel published in London by Thomas Lowndes in 1776. Item 99 in Catalogue 107 issued by the London firm of Marlborough Rare Books Ltd., The Husband’s Resentment; or, The History of Lady Manchester cost £550, or approximately $687.50 at the then-current exchange rate. Marlborough fully described the physical copy offered for sale—(“lge 12mo, half-titles, titles, 224 + 236 pp., . . .
Cholinergic regulation of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in porcine tracheal smooth muscle cells

To investigate cholinergic regulation of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCs) in airway smooth muscle, we measured inward currents through VDCs in enzymatically dispersed porcine tracheal smooth muscle cells using conventional (10 mM Ca2+ as charge carrier) and nystatin-perforated (5 mM Ba2+ as charge carrier) whole cell patch clamp techniques. Carbachol (CCh) had significant and dose-dependent inhibitory effects on inward currents (12% with 10(-7) M and 42% with 10(-6) M) in perforated whole cell clamp experiments, but had no effect on currents in conventional whole cell experiments. CCh also shifted the steady-state inactivation curve to more negative potentials. Further experiments tested the hypothesis that CCh inhibits VDCs in part by the activation of protein kinase C (PKC). Phorbol 12,13-diacetate, an exogenous PKC activator, inhibited currents through VDCs. and calphostin C, a specific PKC inhibitor, antagonized the inhibitory effect of CCh. Furthermore, intracellular exposure to the activating PKC fragment 530-558, using a pipette perfusion technique, also inhibited currents through VDCs. We conclude that cholinergic receptor stimulation can inhibit inward Ca2+ currents through VDCs of porcine tracheal smooth muscle and that this effect may be mediated in part by activation of PKC.
A Performance and Scalability Analysis of the MPI Based Tools Utilized in a Large Ice Sheet Model Executing in a Multicore Environment

This paper analyzes the performance and scalability characteristics of both the computational and I/O components of the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) executing in a multicore supercomputing environment. It examines the impact of multicore technologies on two state-of-the-art parallel I/O systems, both of which are based on the same underlying implementation of the MPI-IO standard, but which exhibit very different performance and scalability characteristics. It also examines these same characteristics for the MPI-based computational engine of the simulation model. One important benefit of studying these three software systems both independently and together is that it exposes a fundamental tradeoff in the ability to provide scalable I/O and scalable computational performance in a multicore environment. This paper also provides what, at least at first glance, appears to be very counter-intuitive performance results. We examine the underlying reasons for such results, and discuss the important insights gained through this examination.
Infections Acquired in the Garden

Gardening is a wonderful pastime, and the garden is a very peaceful place to enjoy one’s vacation. However, the garden may be a treacherous place for very young or compromised hosts when one takes into account the infectious potential residing in the soil, as well as the insect vectors on plants and animals. Even normal hosts may acquire a variety of infections from the soil, animals, or animal-related insect bites. The location of the garden, its natural animal and insect inhabitants, and the characteristics of the soil play a part in determining its infectious potential. The most important factor making the garden an infectious and dangerous place is the number and interaction of animals, whether they are pets or wild, that temporarily use the garden for part of their daily activities. The clinician should always ask about garden exposure, which will help in eliminating the diagnostic possibilities for the patient. The diagnostic approach is to use epidemiological principles in concert with clinical clues, which together should suggest a reasonable list of diagnostic possibilities. Organ involvement and specific laboratory tests help further narrow the differential diagnosis and determine the specific tests necessary to make a definitive diagnosis.
Inelastic Deflections of Beams

Design techniques for determining inelastic deflections of beams made from gradual-yielding materials are investigated. New as well as existing methods are presented and evaluated. Factors such as accuracy, limitations in applicability, and amount of numerical work required to obtain solutions are considered. Two methods are shown to be especially well suited for routine engineering design. The small amount of numerical work involved in these methods stems from the fact that an explicit moment-curvature relationship exists. Deflections obtained by these methods are shown to be in excellent agreement with accurate solutions obtained by numerical integration procedures. The good agreement between exact and approximate solutions is shown to be valid for various cross-sectional shapes, loading conditions and stress-strain curves.
Multiquark hadrons. I. Phenomenology of Q 2 Q̄ 2 mesons

The spectra and dominant decay couplings of ${Q}^{2}{\overline{Q}}^{2}$ mesons are presented as calculated in the quark-bag model. Certain known ${0}^{+}$ mesons [$\ensuremath{\epsilon}(700),{S}^{*},\ensuremath{\delta},\ensuremath{\kappa}$] are assigned to the lightest cryptoexotic ${Q}^{2}{\overline{Q}}^{2}$ nonet. The usual quark-model ${0}^{+}$ nonet ($Q\overline{Q} L=1$) must lie higher in mass. All other ${Q}^{2}{\overline{Q}}^{2}$ mesons are predicted to be broad, heavy, and usually inelastic in formation processes. Other ${Q}^{2}{\overline{Q}}^{2}$ states which may be experimentally prominent are discussed.
Does the Tax Law Discriminate Against the Majority of American Children

Snyder argues that the federal graduated income tax structure provides an incentive to split income with lower-bracket family members. He believes that some parents have much more latitude to shift income to their children than do others. He gives as an example income derived from services and private business - by far the majority of American income - which, he finds, is less favored than income derived from publicly traded securities. The rationale given for this discrimination is that parents in services or private business, as opposed to those in securities, do not part with control of their property. This article discusses Snyder's proposed solutions to this lack of uniformity.
Prolonged Correction of Hyperlipidemia in Mice with Familial Hypercholesterolemia Using an Adeno-Associated Viral Vector Expressing Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor

Adeno-associated viral vectors were used to deliver the gene for very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor (VLDLR) to liver of a murine model of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Infusion of adeno-associated virus-VLDLR into the portal circulation of FH mice resulted in a 40% reduction in serum cholesterol and triglyceride that was stable for the duration of the study (30 weeks). Fractionation of serum lipids revealed a reduction of both VLDL and low-density lipoprotein. Expression of transgene-derived VLDLR was confirmed in livers of recipient animals by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry; vector DNA was present at 1 copy/cell. Vector-treated animals had significantly less lipid accumulation in liver and reduced atherosclerosis in the aorta.
Use of duplex guided stent graft placement to prevent bleeding from previously thrombosed pseudo-aneurysms during thrombolytic therapy for acute popliteal artery occlusion

We present a 68-year-old female who developed multiple pseudo-aneurysms (PSAs) following cardiac catheterization via the right groin. During subsequent thrombin injection of PSAs, the patient developed acute occlusion of the popliteal artery. A covered stent was placed to obliterate the PSAs and allow for successful endovascular treatment of the occlusion without hemorrhage from the previous arteriotomy sites. This report demonstrates a safe and successful method to treating high surgical risk patients with recent PSA’s and a necessity for thrombolysis.
Histological, Behavioral, and Symptomatic Effects of Pentac® on Tetranychus urticae

Pentac®-treated, untreated, and starved female twospotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae), were observed for behavioral, symptomatic, and histological differences. Pentac-treated females observed at 8-hr intervals for 72 hr evinced muscular contractions, decreased feeding, and egg extrusions. As exposure progressed from 24 to 72 hr, Pentac-treated females were found increasingly to possess ventriculi and hindguts which were ruptured or distorted and which contained abnormal numbers of several types of digestive cells. Pentac treatment resulted in changes in the reproductive system including rupture or distortion of tissues, reduced oogenesis and oviposition, and extrusions of eggs accompanied by oviduct, hindgut, and ventricular tissues. Both Pentac treatment and water and nutritional starvation resulted in similar changes on the digestive and reproductive systems, except that no extrusions occurred in starved females. Based on observations of muscular contractions and incoordination the primary effect of Pentac appears to be on the muscular or neuromuscular systems. Extrusions and starvation effects are interpreted as secondary effects of Pentac.
Indomethacin and antibiotics in examination-indicated cerclage: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate whether perioperative indomethacin and antibiotic administration at the time of examination-indicated cerclage placement prolongs gestation.METHODS:This is a randomized controlled trial performed at a single tertiary care hospital between March 2010 and November 2012. Women old
Atomistic Simulation of Void Formation in ic Metal Interconnects

We present an atomistic model to study void formation in aluminum interconnects in integrated circuit (1C) chips. Aluminum single and bicrystals were studied with various concentrations of vacancies and strain levels. It was found that either vacancies or tensile strains could lead to void formation. It will be shown that the void formation can be prevented by maintaining compressive strains in the computational cells.
Housing Stress: Nature, Causes, and Consequences

This chapter provides an overview of housing stress and the closely related notion of housing finance stress. It defines housing stress and draws out implications of housing exclusion for the economy and society. The conventional determinants of housing affordability are canvassed, but then the text explains why we need to look beyond traditional affordability if we are to understand the global credit crisis and its financial roots.
Porous Hollow Fiber Membrane-Based Continuous Technique of Polymer Coating on Submicron and Nanoparticles via Antisolvent Crystallization

This paper introduces a facile antisolvent crystallization technique to continuously coat submicron and nanosized particles with a thin polymer layer using a porous hollow fiber membrane device. Submicron (550 nm) and nanosized (12 nm) silica particles were the host particles; Eudragit RL 100 and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) were the coating polymers. A suspension of the particles in an acetone solution of the polymer was continuously pumped through the shell-side of a hollow fiber membrane module. The antisolvent (water) flowing in the hollow fiber lumen was forced through the membrane pores into the shell-side liquid, generating intense mixing with the flowing suspension and rapid precipitation of the polymer, coating the particles. Coated silica particles collected in a vacuum filtration device were analyzed after vacuum drying using scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, laser diffraction spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Thes...
Exploring the use and impact of travel guidebooks

Think of how little we know of tourists especially how they navigate through the environment and how they gain and understand knowledge about their present and future destinations. Peel and Sorense...
Oxidative addition of iodine to (tBu)4(POCOP)Ir(CO) complexes

Abstract Reactions of (X)(tBu)4(POCOP)Ir(CO) [(X)(tBu)4(POCOP) = κ3-C6H2-2,6-(OP(tBu)2)2-4-X where X = H, Me, COOMe, OMe, NMe2] complexes with iodine proceed to form Ir(III) iodide carbonyl complexes. When X = H, Me, or COOMe, cis-diiodide carbonyl complexes are observed; however if X = NMe2, a cationic five-coordinate monoiodo carbonyl complex is formed. The stability of the five-coordinate complex is attributed to the unfavorability of iodide coordination to an electron-rich metal center. When X = OMe, iodine addition is proposed to form an equilibrium mixture of a cis-diiodide complex and a five-coordinate monoiodo species. The data are consistent with a mechanism featuring oxidative addition of iodine to Ir(I) to give a cationic monoiodo carbonyl complex, followed by iodide coordination to give a cis-diiodide if the metal center is sufficiently Lewis acidic.
Minimal variation in eutherian brain growth rates during fetal neurogenesis

A central question in the evolution of brain development is whether species differ in rates of brain growth during fetal neurogenesis. Studies of neonatal data have found allometric evidence for brain growth rate differences according to physiological variables such as relative metabolism and placental invasiveness, but these findings have not been tested against fetal data directly. Here, we measure rates of exponential brain growth acceleration in 10 eutherian mammals, two marsupials, and two birds. Eutherian brain acceleration exhibits minimal variation relative to body and visceral organ growth, varies independently of correlated growth patterns in other organs, and is unrelated to proposed physiological constraints such as metabolic rate or placental invasiveness. Brain growth rates in two birds overlap with eutherian variation, while marsupial brain growth is exceptionally slow. Peak brain growth velocity is linked in time with forebrain myelination and eye opening, reliably separates altricial species born before it from precocial species born afterwards, and is an excellent predictor of adult brain size ( r 2 = 0.98). Species with faster body growth exhibit larger relative brain size in early ontogeny, while brain growth is unrelated to allometric measures. These findings indicate a surprising conservation of brain growth rates during fetal neurogenesis in eutherian mammals, clarify sources of variation in neonatal brain size, and suggest that slow body growth rates cause species to be more encephalized at birth.
Central Systolic Blood Pressure and Aortic Stiffness Response to Dietary Sodium in Young and Middle-Aged Adults

Abstract High dietary sodium intake can lead to hypertension and increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. We sought to determine the effect of short-term dietary sodium loading on central blood pressure and arterial stiffness in young (YG; 22–40 years) and middle-aged (MA; 41–60 years) normotensive adults. YG (n = 49; age: 27 ± 1 years) and MA (n = 36; age: 52 ± 1 years) subjects were randomized, in a cross-over design, to 7 days of low-sodium (LS; 20 mmol/d) or high-sodium (HS; 300 mmol/d) diet. On the last day of each diet, central pressures, forward and reflected wave amplitudes (via radial artery applanation tonometry), and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity were assessed. Central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) was greater after HS in both YG (LS: 96 ± 1 vs. HS: 99 ± 1 mm Hg; P = .012) and MA (LS: 106 ± 2 vs. HS: 115 ± 3 mm Hg; P
The Weak Link: Optimization of the Ligand-Nanoparticle Interface To Enhance Cancer Cell Targeting by Polymer Micelles.

Many promising targeting ligands are hydrophobic peptides, and these ligands often show limited accessibility to receptors, resulting in suboptimal targeting. A systematic study to elucidate the rules for the design of linkers that optimize their presentation on nanoparticles has not been carried out to date. In this study, we recombinantly synthesized an elastin-like polypeptide diblock copolymer (ELPBC) that self-assembles into monodisperse micelles. AHNP and EC1, two hydrophobic ErbB2-targeted peptide ligands, were incorporated at the C-terminus of the ELPBC with an intervening peptide linker. We tested more than 20 designs of peptide linkers, where the linker could be precisely engineered at the gene level to systematically investigate the molecular parameters—sequence, length, and charge—of the peptide linker that optimally assist ligands in targeting the ErbB2 receptor on cancer cells. We found that peptide linkers with a minimal length of 12 hydrophilic amino acids and an overall cationic charge—an...
Stationary inflation and Pareto efficiency with incomplete markets and a large open economy

In a large open economy with pure exchange and incomplete markets, this paper characterizes necessary conditions under which monetary policies are compatible with Pareto efficiency.
Cardiac Outcomes With Submaximal Normal Stress Echocardiography: A Meta-Analysis

Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate the risk of cardiac events in patients with normal stress echocardiography (SE) who attained maximal age-predicted heart rate (APHR) compared with those who did not in the setting of both normal and abnormal SE. Background SE is an important tool in the risk stratification and prognosis of patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). The prognostic value of a normal but submaximal SE ( Methods PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched from 1980 to September 2011 for SE studies reporting cardiac outcomes in patients with known or suspected CAD stratified by achieved APHR. Both hard events (cardiac death and myocardial infarction) and total cardiac events (revascularization procedures in addition to hard events) were analyzed separately. Data on all-cause mortality were obtained when available. Results Fourteen studies with 11,542 patients followed up for a mean duration of 32 months fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In 8 studies with 4,577 patients, the risk of hard events with normal SE (both exercise and dobutamine) was 70% higher in patients who achieved submaximal compared with those with maximal APHR (annualized event rate 2.08% vs. 0.77%; p = 0.0008; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25 to 2.31). In 7 studies with 5,798 patients, the risk of total cardiac events with normal SE (both exercise and dobutamine) was 127% higher in patients who achieved submaximal compared with those with maximal APHR (annualized event rate 1.87% vs. 1.02%; p Conclusions Patients with submaximal APHR in the setting of normal SE have a higher risk of cardiovascular events than those who attained maximal stress test. Thus, the results of submaximal APHR in the setting of normal SE should be taken into consideration for more accurate risk stratification and prognosis.
Discovery of the Membrane Binding Domain in Trifunctional Proline Utilization A.

Escherichia coli proline utilization A (EcPutA) is the archetype of trifunctional PutA flavoproteins, which function both as regulators of the proline utilization operon and bifunctional enzymes that catalyze the four-electron oxidation of proline to glutamate. EcPutA shifts from a self-regulating transcriptional repressor to a bifunctional enzyme in a process known as functional switching. The flavin redox state dictates the function of EcPutA. Upon proline oxidation, the flavin becomes reduced, triggering a conformational change that causes EcPutA to dissociate from the put regulon and bind to the cellular membrane. Major structure/function domains of EcPutA have been characterized, including the DNA-binding domain, proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) and l-glutamate-γ-semialdehyde dehydrogenase catalytic domains, and an aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily fold domain. Still lacking is an understanding of the membrane-binding domain, which is essential for EcPutA catalytic turnover and functional switching. He...
Towards Patient-Centered Conflicts of Interest Policy.

Financial conflicts of interest exist between industry and physicians, and these relationships have the power to influence physicians’ medical practice. Transparency about conflicts matters for ensuring adequate informed consent, controlling healthcare expenditure, and encouraging physicians’ reflection on professionalism. The US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) launched the Open Payments Program (OPP) to publicly disclose and bring transparency to the relationships between industry and physicians in the United States. We set out to explore user awareness of the database and the ease of accessibility to disclosed information, however, as we show, both awareness and actual use are very low. Two practical policies can greatly enhance its intended function and help alleviate ethical tension. The first is to provide data for individual physicians not merely in absolute terms, but in meaningful context, that is, in relation to the zip code, city, and state averages. The second increases access to the OPP dataset by adding hyperlinks from physicians’ professional websites directly to their Open Payments disclosure pages. These changes considerably improve transparency and the utility of available data, and can furthermore enhance professionalism and accountability by encouraging physicians to reflect more actively on their own practices.
Hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection in the era of direct-acting antiviral agents: No longer a difficult-to-treat population.

Background: The treatment of chronic hepatitis C (HCV) in human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV) infected individuals has been historically marked by low sustained virologic response (SVR) rates in comparison to those without HIV infection, resulting in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) labeling those coinfected as a “special population with an unmet medical need.” Objectives: We systematically reviewed the treatment of chronic HCV infection in those infected with HIV. We propose that with the advent of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents, patients co-infected with HCV and HIV have similar SVR rates as HCV mono-infected persons and that DAAs address an unmet medical need in this population. Methods: A review was performed using Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms within the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases to search for studies dated between January 2004 and July 2017. Keywords used in the study included “hepatitis C,” “HIV,” “coinfection,” and “direct-acting antiviral.” Results: SVR rates for those with HCV and HIV coinfection treated with interferon-based therapies were substantially lower that SVR rates of HCV mono-infected individuals. The advent of DAA agents has resulted in similar SVR rates between mono-infected and co-infected individuals, with SVR greater than 93%. These medications have been demonstrated to have improved safety, efficacy, and tolerability in comparison to interferon-based regimens. Conclusion: The designation of a “special population” for those with co-infection requires reconsideration. DAA therapies have resulted in similarly high rates of SVR for HCV infection in those with and without HIV infection. Despite these improvements, however, clinicians must be cognizant of negative predictors of SVR and barriers to treatment that may be more common in the coinfected population. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Thread- and data-level parallel simulation in SystemC, a Bitcoin miner case study

The rapidly growing design complexity has become a big obstacle and dramatically increased the time required for SystemC simulation. In this case study, we exploit different levels of parallelism, including thread- and data-level parallelism, to accelerate the simulation of a Bitcoin miner model in SystemC. Our experiments are performed on two multi-core processors and one many-core Intel(g) Xeon PhiTM Coprocessor. Our results show that with the combination of data- and thread-level parallelism, the peak simulation speed improves by over 11x on a 4-core host, 50x on a 16-core host, and 510x on a 60-core host, respectively. The results confirm the efficiency of combining thread- and datalevel parallelism for higher SystemC simulation speed, and can serve as a benchmark for future optimization of system level design, modeling, and simulation.
L-band microware signature variation with sea surface temperature and its implication on aquarius sea surface salinity retrieval

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of sea surface temperature (SST) on L-band microwave measurements and its implication on sea surface salinity (SSS) retrieval. Of particular interest is in the cold & fresh water where large SSS retrieval errors exist in comparison with Argo data. We found systematic SST dependence in Aquarius radar backscatter σ o and radiometer excess emissivity Δe, with the emissivity of specular surface estimated using collocated HYCOM SSS and NCEP or SSMI/S wind. In the cold water under medium to high wind, σ o and Δe show opposite trend on SST: σ o reduces while Δe enhances by more than 10% relative to their corresponding values at the reference SST (15°C). The geographical distribution of matchups with SST Argo ) is largely positive. This is consistent with the SST trend observed in σ o , which would result in overestimation in roughness if the SST effect not considered. However, the enhanced Δe in cold water is puzzling because it would cause even higher value for SSS retrieval if modeled as roughness. SSS retrieved with SST correction reduces bias but results on error improvement is mixed. We hypothesis there is an unknown defect in the dielectric constant model for cold water and propose an empirical correction for the Aquarius SSS retrieval.
Robert Smithson’s Suppressed “Pre-conscious” Works: Intentionality and Art Historical (Re)construction

Best known for earthworks such as Spiral Jetty (Ogden, Utah) and Broken Circle/Spiral Hill (Emmen, Holland), Robert Smithson had a past that began well before his 1965 minimalist sculptures. Dominated by collages on paper, the works Smithson dubbed “pre-conscious” give scholars a new and more complex vision of this artist’s significance. Far from some of the gentle interpretations of his Earthworks as primitivist homages to a venerated Earth, or of his vision in general as a paean to technological sublimity, the earlier suppressed work shows the destabilizing flows of libido that lay at the core of his production. The theoretical issues raised by such a situation sharpen concerns within art history in general. Denying old-fashioned considerations of artistic “intention,” art historians must nonetheless confront the paradox of work banished from the author-function by the author himself, but not destroyed. The paper addresses such awkward moments, when “the author” most privileged by art-historical discourse (the artist) draws a boundary limiting the possibility of identity itself around his works.
Covariance Analysis of Functional Interactions in the Brain Using Metabolic and Blood Flow Data

Proper behavioral performance depends on the interaction of particular brain regions with one another. To determine the functional relations between brain areas, neural data must be obtained simultaneously from multiple brain regions and the covariance of such data assessed. If, in a given group of subjects under specific experimental conditions, two brain regions are functionally associated, their activity will be highly correlated. As indicators of functional activity, the local rate of cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU), measured in humans using positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and in sub-human animals using autoradiography and 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), or regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), measured with PET and [15-O]water, are employed.
Swan, Ganz, and Their Catheter: Its Evolution Over the Past Half Century

Jeremy Swan and William Ganz developed their eponymous pulmonary artery (PA) catheter in the 1970s and, in the process, revolutionized measurement of cardiac output, pressures within the left side of the heart, and resistance in systemic and pulmonary circulations. Their invention enabled diagnostic measurements at the bedside and contributed to the birth of critical care medicine; technologic advances preceding the PA catheter generally could not be used at the bedside and required patients to be stable enough to be taken to the catheterization laboratory. Swan and Ganz worked in the same department but had quite dissimilar backgrounds and personalities. This article describes their lives and careers, the state of intensive care before and after their catheter was introduced, and the natural life cycle the PA catheter faced as new, less invasive technology arrived to replace it.
Marginal Land and Population Pressure in the Ancient Mediterranean, 800 BC to 600 AD

This paper seeks to establish the connections between population growth, dependence on marginal land (here carefully defined) and migration movements over the long span of Greek and Roman history. It argues that when there were no strong “positive checks” the natural growth of Greek and Roman populations, together with their succession practices, created a dilemma for many of the poorer people: they could try to survive on marginal land or they could emigrate - except that the latter option, wide open in some periods for mainly political and military reasons, was in other periods not available, or at least not available to many.
Registration of ‘HoCP 96-540’ Sugarcane

‘HoCP 96-540’ sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum officinarum L., S. spontaneum L., S. barberi Jeswiet, and S. sinense Roxb. amend. Jeswiet) (Reg. no. CV-123, PI 635995) was selected at Houma (Ho), Louisiana from progeny of the cross ‘LCP 86-454’ (Martin et al., 1996) × ‘LCP 85-384’ (Milligan et al., 1994) made at Canal Point (CP), FL, in 1991. HoCP 96-540 is a product of cooperative research by the USDA-ARS, the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station of the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, and the American Sugar Cane League of the U.S.A., Inc. HoCP 96-540 was released in the spring of 2003.
Wireless access to ultimate virtual reality 360-degree video: poster abstract

Virtual reality 360-degree videos will become the first prosperous online VR application. In this paper, we focus on the ultimate VR 360 that satisfies human eye fidelity. The ultimate VR 360 requires downlink 1.5 Gbps for viewing and uplink 6.6 Gbps for live broadcasting, with the round-trip-time of less than 8.3 ms. We explore whether the most advanced wireless communication technologies support the ultimate VR 360. Specifically, we consider 5G in cellular communications, IEEE 802.11ac (operating in 5 GHz) and IEEE 802.11ad (operating in 60 GHz) in WiFi communications. Our results indicate the need for more advanced wireless technologies to fully support the ultimate VR 360. It requires further research to build VR 360 systems within Internet-of-Things platforms.
Abstract 4289: ERK3 negatively regulates IL-6/STAT3 signaling via SOCS3 in cancer cells

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 3 (ERK3) is an atypical mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) which is dysregulated in several cancers including lung cancer, breast cancer and melanoma. It has a single Ser-Glu-Gly (SEG) phospho-acceptor motif in its activation loop, instead of the Thr-Xaa-Tyr (TXY) motif conserved in the classical MAPKs. Moreover, compared to the conventional MAPKs, much less is known about the targets of ERK3 signaling. Hence, to elucidate the ERK3-regulated genes and pathways, we performed gene microarray analyses of both A549 lung cancer cells and A375 melanoma cells after treatment with either a siRNA specifically targeting ERK3 or a non-targeting control siRNA. Interestingly, IL-6 target genes were found to be highly upregulated upon ERK3 knockdown. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine which signals via the JAK/STAT3 pathway. Phosphorylation of STAT3 at Tyrosine 705 (Y705) by JAK activates STAT3 in response to IL-6 stimulation. IL-6 signaling is negatively regulated by a feedback inhibitor SOCS3 (Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3), which binds to and inhibits JAK kinase activity. Interestingly, we noted that ERK3 interacts with SOCS3 from a published Yeast-two-hybrid screening. We validated the interaction between ERK3 and SOCS3 by co-immunoprecipitation assay. In addition, we found that ERK3 downregulates the phosphorylation of STAT3 at Y705. In line with its negative regulation of oncogenic STAT3 activity, ERK3 inhibits melanoma cell growth, migration/invasion and colony formation in soft agar. Taken together, we have revealed a novel role for ERK3 in suppressing IL-6/STAT3 signaling via SOCS3 in cancer cells. Citation Format: Astha Shakya, Minyi Chen, Michael Markey, Weiwen Long. ERK3 negatively regulates IL-6/STAT3 signaling via SOCS3 in cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4289.
Surgical management of symptomatic Tarlov cysts: cyst fenestration and nerve root imbrication—a single institutional experience

Background: Tarlov cyst disease is a collection of cerebrospinal fluid between the endoneurium and perineurium of spinal, usually sacral, nerve roots. These cysts can become symptomatic in 20% of patients, causing lower back pain, radiculopathy, bladder and bowel dysfunction necessitating medical or surgical intervention. Different surgical and non-surgical modalities have been described for the treatment of symptomatic Tarlov cysts. However, there has been no published study that examined types of surgical techniques side by side. Our study presents a preliminary experience in the surgical management of symptomatic Tarlov cysts using two surgical techniques: cyst fenestration and nerve root imbrication. Methods: Retrospective chart review and analysis was done for all patients who underwent surgical intervention for symptomatic Tarlov cyst(s) in the period 2007–2013. Operative reports, preoperative and postoperative clinic visit reports were reviewed. The surgical techniques of cyst fenestration and nerve root imbrication were each described in terms of intraoperative parameters, hospital course and outcome. Modified MacNab criteria were used for evaluation of the final clinical outcome. Results: Thirty-six surgical patients were identified. Three had repeat surgery (total of 39 operations). The median age was 51 years (range, 26–84 years). Eighty-six percent were females. The presenting symptoms were low back pain (94%), sensory radiculopathy (69%), bladder and bowel dysfunction (61%), sexual dysfunction (17%) and motor dysfunction (8%). Cyst fenestration was performed in 12 patients (31%) and nerve root imbrication was done in 27 (69%). All patients in the fenestration group but only 67% in the imbrication group had fibrin glue injection into the cyst or around the reconstructed nerve root. The overall surgery-related complication rate was 28%. The complication rate was 5/12 (42%) in the fenestration group and 6/27 (22%) in the imbrication group. At the time of the last clinic visit, improved clinical outcome was noted in 9/11 (82%) and 20/25 (80%) in the fenestration and the imbrication group, respectively. Conclusions: Cyst fenestration and nerve root imbrication are both surgical techniques to treat symptomatic Tarlov cyst(s), and both can result in clinical improvement.
Back to Mill? Behavioral Welfare Economics

A growing body of normative work explores how deference to people’s choices might be reconciled with behavioral findings about human error. This work has strong implications for economic analysis of law, cost-benefit analysis, and regulatory policy. in light of behavioral findings, regulators should adopt a working presumption in favor of respect for people’s self-regarding choices, but only if those choices are adequately informed and sufficiently free from behavioral biases. The working presumption should itself be rebuttable on welfare grounds, with an understanding that the ends that people choose might make their lives go less well. For example, people might die prematurely or suffer from serious illness, and what they receive in return might not (on any plausible account of welfare) be nearly enough. The underlying reason might involve a lack of information or a behavioral bias, identifiable or not, in which case intervention can fit with the working presumption; but the real problem might involve philosophical questions about the proper understanding of welfare, and about what it means for people to have a good life.
Introduction: The Demography of Marriage and Family

Demographers have long been concerned with the three demographic processes: fertility, mortality, and migration. Components of both marriage and the family play into these demographic processes and can be analyzed through a demographic lens. In order to more fully explore the links between the demographic processes and the institutions of marriage and the family, both in the United States and abroad, this chapter will detail the many forms and functions of marriage and the family, and explore these institutions in depth.
Solutions for Subtidal Flow in Channels and Estuaries Under Different Integral Constraints

This study builds on Huntley and Ryan (2018) and related prior works on channels and estuaries by considering solutions for the same subtidal dynamics but with alternative integral flow constraints...
Behavioral Health Needs, Barriers, and Parent Preferences in Rural Pediatric Primary Care.

OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to examine modifiable factors related to health disparities by exploring the role of predisposing, need, and enabling characteristics on mental/behavioral health treatment-seeking behaviors in a rural sample. Parental treatment preferences and knowledge about treatment options were also examined. METHODS One hundred eighteen parents completed questionnaires assessing demographics, child prior psychological treatment, child psychological symptoms, barriers to care, mental health stigma, and willingness to seek services across settings. Questions also assessed preferences for treatment, awareness of behavioral/mental health services, and knowledge of community treatment options. RESULTS Prior treatment use and stigma significantly predicted willingness to seek services in a doctor's office after controlling for predisposing (demographic) and need characteristics (psychological symptoms). Symptom severity and barriers significantly differentiated between parents who previously sought treatment or reported an unmet treatment need from those who reported no prior treatment and no treatment need. Families overwhelmingly (94%) reported a preference for individual versus group treatment, and up to 10 sessions were most commonly reported (38%) as the ideal number of sessions. Forty percent of respondents reported no knowledge of treatment options in their community. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the role of enabling characteristics (i.e., stigma, barriers to care, psychological symptoms) and prior service use in understanding parental treatment seeking in a rural sample. Overall, these results support integrated behavioral health in rural settings. Understanding modifiable factors and parent treatment preferences and knowledge may be important to increase access to services and reduce health disparities in rural areas. Future research directions are discussed.
Impact of military footwear type and a load carriage workload on slip initiation biomechanics

The impact of military footwear and workload on slip incidence and severity have been previously reported. Further analysis of slip initiation biomechanics is warranted in attempt to prevent slips. Sixteen participants were tested with two military boots, standard (STD) and minimalist (MIN), before (PRE) and after (POST) a load carrying task during normal gait (NG), unexpected (US) and expected (ES) slips. Joint kinematics, ground reaction forces and muscle activity from the slipping leg were analysed using a 2 (MIN-STD) × 2 (PRE-POST) × 3 (NG-US-ES) repeated measures ANOVA. Results revealed significant gait modifications due to footwear and gait. STD exhibited greater ankle dorsiflexion and knee flexion, lowered ground reaction forces and increased muscle activity compared to MIN. US and ES elicited greater plantar flexion and knee flexion angles while requiring a greater muscle activation compared to NG. Findings can aid in understanding slip initiation biomechanics, for footwear design and promoting safety.
Regatta Revisited: The Race for Equity in Virtual Sports

In today’s internet driven world, virtual sports tournaments where competitors from across the globe use exercise machines connected via cyber technology are becoming increasingly popular. These competitions, in which athletes can participate from afar, have the potential to increase inclusion for athletes with disabilities. However, many virtual athletic competitions currently fall short of the mandate that organizers accommodate and reward disabled athletes in ways comparable to nondisabled athletes. Specifically, disabled athletes are far too often not equitably categorized into competitive classifications according to their impairments and disabilities. This discriminatory practice affects notions of fairness for disabled athletes. This note is the first to shed light on the regulatory and legal aspects of virtual sport tournaments and aims to recommend policy to ensure equity in those competitions for disabled athletes. Almost thirty years have passed since Congress enacted the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) which recognizes that “physical and mental disabilities in no way diminish a person’s right to fully participate in all aspects of society.” The Paralympic Movement is also very clear about the importance of comparable opportunities for disabled and nondisabled athletes as essential for the inclusion of the former and for reducing disability stigma. We argue that when competition and award categories are delineated across nondisabled sports, it is imperative that opportunities are mirrored for disabled athletes.
What factors impact pedestrian and cyclist fatalities? A state level analysis.

BACKGROUND Pedestrian and bicyclist injuries and fatalities have increased since 2010 after a long downward trend. Trucks and SUVs, collectively called light trucks, have also increased in sales and size, which may affect pedestrians and bicyclists. Additionally, pedestrian and cyclist commuters vary by state and it has been speculated that an increase in such commuters may affect fatalities. Studying vulnerable road users can bestow clues on best practices for infrastructure and public health. METHODS State level pedestrian and cyclist fatality data was obtained from the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration for 2018. Light truck registration by state was obtained from the Office of Highway Policy Information for 2018. Commuters who walk or bike to work were obtained from the American Community Survey from 2009 to 2011, from the latest Centers for Disease Control report. We performed multiple linear regression, accounting for total motor vehicle lane miles per 100 people, also obtained from the Office of Highway Policy Information for 2018. Multiple regression analysis was performed to assess predictors for pedestrian and cyclist fatalities with the predictors variables of light truck registration, lane miles per 100 people, and proportion of commuters who are vulnerable road users. Secondary analysis included simple linear regression of the predictor variables against each other. RESULTS The multiple regression model, including proportion of light truck registration, lane miles per 100 people, and proportion of commuters who are vulnerable road users, accounted for 18% of the variability in the outcome variable (p = 0.03). An increased number of vulnerable road users were negatively associated with pedestrian and bicyclist fatality. Additionally, there appeared to be an association between motor vehicle lane miles per 100 people and proportion of light truck registrations that was also significant (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The variables affecting vulnerable road user deaths are important to understand given their increased risk exposure on the road. This state level study identifies a potential protective variable with increased vulnerable road users being associated with a decrease in pedestrian and bicyclist death rates. Additionally, light truck proportions do not appear to have a significant effect on death rates.