cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Turfgrass response to slow-release nitrogen fertilizers

New polymer coatings have been developed and used to coat sulfur-coated urea (SCU) and other core N materials. These polymer-coated S-coated ureas (PCSCU) and polymer-coated S-coated N-P-K fertilizers (PCSCF) require evaluation for their N-release properties in turfgrass culture. Also, N carriers from three different classes of N sources were induded: polymer-coated urea (PCU), ureaformaldehyde (UF) reaction products, and natural organics. Initial and long-term N release were determined as demonstrated by visual quality, total shoot growth, and number of mowings of'Tifway' hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. x C. trausvaalensis Burtt-Daveyl grown on an Appling sandy clay loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults). All N carriers were compared within their N class and across all carriers, using urea applied at 98 kg N ha -1 in early summer of 1994 and 1995 as the base of comparison. Other fertilizers were also applied at this rate and timing, except for three urea-UF reaction products applied in equal, split treatments in early and midsummer. At 0 to 30 d of treatment, PCSCU and PCSCF product performance varied, with 14 to 57% of visual quality ratings equal to or greater than (≥) urea plots; at 61 to 95 d, 14 to 57% of ratings were > urea ratings. Greater long-term quality response was related to higher S and/or polymer content in the coating of PCSCU and PCU products, but not to larger particle size for PCSCUs. For PCUs, the 0- to 30-d visual quality response ranged from 14 to 43% of ratings ≥ urea, and at 61 to 95 d from 29 to 71% of ratings > urea. Natural organics and UF reaction products also demonstrated wide variation within their class of initial and long-term N release. Within each N dass, the wide diversity of N-release patterns indicates the need to evaluate each carrier, and shows that placement of a specific N source within an N class provides only very broad implications as to its performance.
The insufficiency of fairness: The logics of homeless service administration and resulting gaps in service

This paper reports on discursive justifications of homeless service institutions in the USA, illustrating a conceptualization of service founded on economic logics of industry and the marketplace. Emerging from ethnographic data, we found that homeless service administrators utilized economic logics of justification to legitimize the exclusion of the street homeless by framing delivery within western notions of fair exchange and efficient production. When these logics are used exclusively to frame justifiable criteria for receiving services, certain people are empowered to participate in social welfare institutions, while others are disfranchised. We conclude that addressing gaps in service requires legitimizing varied administrative models, which, although underpinned by different, perhaps even oppositional, justifications, will engender a service sector responsive to the diversity of the homeless population.
The Theory of Small-Angle Multiple Scattering of Fast Charged Particles

A systematic unified review is given of the basic statistical theory of the multiple scattering of fast charged particles in the small-angle range. The approximation considered is that of the Snyder-Scott-Moliere theory, and only slight attention is given to the less accurate Gaussian approximation. The single-scattering formulas of Moliere are derived, along with the modifications of them given by Nigam, Sundaresan, and Wu. Moliere's multiple-scattering calculation is presented by an improvement of Bethe's method, and the work of Nigam is given by the same method with newly computed tables. Snyder's calculations are outlined, and previously unpublished work on spatial-angle scattering is reported with tables. Calculations by Keil, Zeitler, and Zinn for very thin films are given, as well as a detailed discussion following Lenz on scattering at very small angles. The work of Muhlschlegel and Koppe on the multiple scattering of polarized electrons is included, with the important correction that no depolarization appears in the approximation to which they worked. The distributions of lateral deflections and other characteristics are considered, but the details of applications to emulsions, cloud and bubble chambers, etc, are not entered into, nor are the electron-penetration and pathlength problems handled. Asymptotic formulas for relatively large anglesmore » are treated, as are various types of mean values. (auth)« less
Clock mesh synthesis method using the Earth Mover's Distance under transformations

A novel clock mesh generation method is proposed based on the EMD g (Earth Mover's Distance under transformations) algorithm. A bottom-up approach is adopted in creating local-level tree clusters to drive the generation of a regional-level uniform clock mesh. The EMD g method incrementally moves the regional-level uniform clock mesh closer to the register cluster roots in order to reduce the total stub wirelength. Post-EMD g mesh reduction, the redundant mesh wires are eliminated from the initial uniform mesh in order to reduce the mesh wirelength, preserving the stub wire connections and the integrity of the clock mesh. The optimization results show that the proposed method can achieve an average total wirelength saving of 20.1% and power savings of 12.2% on a suite of ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits compared to the previous clock mesh generation methods.
Digital autopilot for thrust vector control of the Shuttle orbital maneuvering system

This paper describes the requirements for and the design, development and performance of the digital autopilots (DAPs) for thrust vector control, utilizing the orbital maneuvering system (OMS) of the Space Shuttle Orbiter. The hardware and software requirements which caused the design to assume its current form are described. Also, the design synthesis, which considered rigid body stability margins, bending and slosh stabilization, guidance loop compensation, off-nominal performance and hardware and software limitations is presented. The performance of the OMS control system is summarized utilizing flight data from the first three Space Transportation System (STS) flights.
Influences of thickness and stacking sequence on ballistic impact behaviors of GLARE 5 FML plates: Part I-experimental studies

This two-part article examines the effects of thickness and stacking sequence of GLARE 5 (2024-T3 aluminum alloy-unidirectional S2-glass/epoxy) fiber–metal laminated (FML) plates subjected to ballistic impact. Part I presented experimental observations of damage development in the specimens, C-scan damage contours, projectile velocity profiles and ballistic limit velocities (V50). Part II concerns with finite element (FE) modeling of the FML plates. The 3D FE code, LS-DYNA, was used to model and validate the experimental results. Experimentally obtained incident projectile impact velocity versus the residual velocity (Vi∼Vr), damage patterns and bullet residual length were used to validate the FE model. Good agreement was achieved between experimental and numerical results. It was found that for a given specimen thickness/stacking-sequence, by increasing the projectile incident velocity up to its V50 value, the maximum contact force increased. By further increasing the projectile velocity above its V50, t...
Su1436 Association of Race-Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status With Colorectal Cancer Screening Utilization Among a Nationally Representative Sample of US Adults

The patients who received EMR for large (2cm or more) colon lesions were included in the analysis. The patients who received follow-up EMR were not included. The patient’s demographics, EMR procedure details (lesion site, size, lift sign, endoscopic assessment of complete removal after EMR), EMR pathology results, and history of (same) lesion biopsy during previous colonoscopy were recorded. The data was analyzed using regression analysis at p-value less than 0.05. Results: 1159 colon EMR procedures were performed at our institution from 2000-2011. Of them, 677 Initial colon EMRs were performed in 620 patients (59.7% Male) for 2cm or larger colon lesions. Their mean age was 69.6 (range 22-93) years. The mean size of large colon polyps was 3.14 (range 2-10.5) cm. Our 4 experienced senior EMR endoscopists performed 85.3% of these EMR. Total 69% of these EMR was performed in the right side of the colon (cecum to hepatic flexure). Tubular adenoma (41.9%) and tubulovillous adenoma (22.2%) were the most common among 10 different types of recorded pathology results. Lift sign after any type of submucosal injection was absent in 8.2% and history of sampling biopsies was present in 27.4% of the patients. After EMR, 7.8% of the patients had endoscopic evidence of incomplete removal of colon lesions. By using binary logistic regression analysis; absence of lift sign (p 0.001), increasing polyp size (p 0.01) and prior biopsy of the lesion (0.012) were found to be statistically significant in incomplete colon EMR. The EMR pathology (p 0.296), EMR location (right vs. left, p 0.184), age (p 0.66) and gender (p 0.5) were not found to be statistical significant in incomplete colon EMR. Conclusions: Absence of lift sign after submucosal fluid injection, increasing colon polyp size, and prior biopsy of the lesion during colonoscopy were found to be significant predictors of incomplete colon EMR. While, the EMR pathology, EMR location (right vs. left), patient’s age or patient’s gender were not found to be significant predictors of incomplete colon EMR.
Hydrodynamic Characteristics in Biotrickling Filters as Affected by Packing Material and Hydraulic Loading Rate

Hydrodynamics in biotrickling filters can be strongly influenced by packing material geometry and hydraulic loading rate. While it is generally accepted that increasing wetted area in a biotrickling filter can improve process performance, additional research on synthetic packing materials and parameters that improve hydrodynamics, resulting in increased wetted area, is desirable. For this research, a series of tracer tests was conducted to compare hydrodynamics in bench scale biotrickling filters with three different packing materials under three different flow rates. Results suggest that of the three packing materials, the material with the highest specific surface area resulted in channeling and excessive formation of stagnant zones within the biotrickling filters. Liquid distribution through the biotrickling filters substantially improved at a hydraulic loading rate of 1.9 m∕hr for all packing materials, but based on these experiments, improvements were minimal when the hydraulic loading rate was incre...
The existence of referee squares

Abstract In this short note, we prove a conjecture of Anderson et al. (Preprint) on the existence of referee squares.
The use of carbon thirteen nuclear magnetic resonance spectra to predict dioxin and furan binding affinities to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor

Four spectroscopic data-activity relationship (SDAR) models for polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) have been developed based on simulated 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. Models were developed using discriminant function analysis of the compounds' spectral data. An SDAR model with two classifications for 26 PCDF compounds had a leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validation accuracy of 89%. A two-classification SDAR model for 14 PCDD compounds had LOO cross-validation accuracy of 95%. A two-classification SDAR model combining 14 PCDD and 26 PCDF compounds had LOO cross-validation accuracy of 88%, while a four-classification SDAR model based on the same 14 PCDD and 26 PCDF compounds had LOO cross-validation accuracy of 92%. We used each appropriate SDAR model to classify 41 PCDD and/or 121 PCDF compounds with unknown binding affinities to the AhR. The SDAR models provide a rapid, simple, and valid way to model the PCDF and PCDD binding activity in relation to the AhR.
Endovascular treatment of unruptured wide-necked intracranial aneurysms: comparison of dual microcatheter technique and stent-assisted coil embolization

Background Endovascular treatment of wide-necked aneurysms is challenging. Stent-assisted coiling (SAC) is associated with increased complications and requires dual antiplatelet therapy. Objective To compare treatment of unruptured, widenecked aneurysms with a dual-microcatheter technique (DMT) versus SAC. Methods Between 2006 and 2011, 100 patients with unruptured wide-necked intracranial aneurysms were treated with DMT and 160 with SAC. Over time there was a significant decrease in the use of SAC and a corresponding increase in DMT. The investigators matched 60 patients treated with DMT blinded to outcome in a 1:2 fashion based on maximal aneurysm dome diameter with 120 patients treated with SAC. Outcomes were determined with conditional (matched) multivariate analysis. Results There were no significant differences in patient or aneurysm characteristics between cohorts, including aneurysm diameter, neck width, or volume. Overall packing density and coil volume achieved was not significantly different between cohorts. There were higher rates of overall complications in those receiving SAC (19.2%) compared with DMT (5.0%; p=0.012), but no significant difference in major complications (8.3% vs 1.7%, respectively; p=0.103). At a mean follow-up of 27.0±18.9 months, rates of retreatment did not differ between DMT (15.1%) and SAC (17.7%). Delayed instent stenosis occurred in five patients and in-stent thrombosis in four patients treated with SAC. There was no difference in favorable functional outcome (modified Rankin score 0–2) between those treated with DMT (90.6%) compared with SAC (91.2%). Conclusions DMT and SAC are effective endovascular approaches for unruptured, wide-necked aneurysms; however, DMT may result in less morbidity. Further longterm studies are necessary to determine the optimal indications for these treatment options.
Age discrimination legislation and the employment of older workers

Abstract Using state variation in age discrimination legislation from the 1960s, I present estimates that imply laws increase employment among individuals in protected age ranges. Among older workers that are above age ranges covered by laws, however, employment declines. Estimates also show that there is a decrease in retirement among the protected workers. On the other hand, no evidence is presented that suggests older workers are more likely to be hired as a result of the legislation.
Girls’ Education and Fertility Transitions: An Analysis of Recent Trends in Tanzania and Uganda*

The effect of educating girls on economic growth and poverty reduction has become an important area of research in the field of economics. The educational level of the females in a population affects economic development in many ways including its consequent effects on fertility. In general there is a negative association between the number of years a girl spends in school and her fertility as an adult. It is hypothesized that education for girls has a direct effect on fertility through the knowledge skills and behaviors imparted through schooling that guide childbearing and child-care practices in adulthood. It is also widely believed that education affects fertility through a number of indirect pathways by delaying the age at first marriage and increasing the practice and efficacy of contraception. Furthermore education is thought to enhance women’s autonomy and control over childbearing decisions through more egalitarian conjugal relationships and increased control over economic resources. The education-fertility relationship in developing countries is most consistent among women who have completed at least 7 years of schooling. At the primary and preprimary school levels the categories into which most women in developing countries fall the inverse relationship of education to childbearing is inconsistent since an increase in the years of schooling may not lead to a decline in fertility in a linear fashion. Fertility may also be lower among women with no formal education than among those with some primary schooling in countries with low levels of literacy because even a few years of schooling may increase the likelihood of having a live birth owing to improvements in the mother’s health. A further inconsistency is that the autonomy often associated with schooling may remain limited for the vast majority of women regardless of their level of education even though a country’s fertility rate has begun to decline. This situation has been found in Bangladesh Egypt and Kenya. The variation in the relationship between women’s education and fertility suggests the need for further study of the threshold level of education beyond which fertility begins to decline in different countries especially in countries where lower fertility has not yet been achieved. (excerpt)
Numerical Solution of a Fully Thermally Coupled Generalized Universal Reynolds Equation (GURE) and Its Application. Part 1: Conical Bearings

Hannon, et al. (1), have previously presented a theoretical expansion of Dowson's equation to a generalized spherical coordinates system that allows the treatment of the bearing geometry without unwrapping the bearing. This single differential equation, coupled with the energy equations for the fluid, the rotor, and the stator allows the calculation of all classes of self-acting bearings from spherical, to conical, to cylindrical, and flat-plate thrust bearings. Turbulence is implemented through the Hirs turbulence model. The variable properties along and across the compressible air film are accounted for through a polytropic transformation equation. Part 1 of this paper focuses on the numerical presentation of the discretized form of GURE as it is applied to a conical bearing where the frustum angle varies from 10 to 45 to 80 degrees. The effects of pressure, temperature, density, and viscosity variations, as well as turbulence, are investigated numerically as a function of eccentricity and angular veloc...
Three estimators of the probability of opiate use from incomplete data 1

Three estimators of the probability of opiate use are developed involving correlated binomial random variables. These estimators differ as different patterns of correlation are considered with regard to the use of the opiate on successive visits by the same study subject. These estimators also allow for subjects to miss clinic visits wherein the purpose of these visits is to test the subject for the presence of the opiate. The procedures developed are then applied to the data arising from the double-blind three-armed controlled ARC 090 trial.
Social class and academic achievement in college: The interplay of rejection sensitivity and entity beliefs.

Undergraduates, especially those from lower income backgrounds, may perceive their social class background as different or disadvantaged relative to that of peers and worry about negative social treatment. We hypothesized that concerns about discrimination based on one's social class (i.e., class-based rejection sensitivity or RS-class) would be damaging to undergraduates' achievement outcomes particularly among entity theorists, who perceive their personal characteristics as fixed. We reasoned that a perceived capacity for personal growth and change, characteristic of incremental theorists, would make the pursuit of a college degree and upward mobility seem more worthwhile and attainable. We found evidence across 3 studies that dispositionally held and experimentally primed entity (vs. incremental) beliefs predicted college academic performance as a function of RS-class. Studies 1a and 1b documented that high levels of both entity beliefs and RS-class predicted lower self-reported and official grades, respectively, among undergraduates from socioeconomically diverse backgrounds. In Study 2, high entity beliefs and RS-class at matriculation predicted decreased year-end official grades among lower class Latino students. Study 3 established the causal relationship of entity (vs. incremental) beliefs on academic test performance as a function of RS-class. We observed worse test performance with higher RS-class levels following an entity (vs. incremental) prime, an effect driven by lower income students. Findings from a 4th study suggest that entity theorists with RS-class concerns tend to believe less in upward mobility and, following academic setbacks, are prone to personal attributions of failure, as well as hopelessness. Implications for education and intervention are discussed.
Small Intestinal Submucosa Plug for Closure of Dilated Nephrostomy Tracts: A Pilot Study in Swine

The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy of a plug made of small intestinal submucosa (SIS) for closure of dilated nephrostomy tract in the kidney after nephroscopy. Ten kidneys in 5 swine had nephrostomy tracts dilated up to 8 mm. The SIS plug was placed into the dilated renal cortex under nephroscopic control. Follow-up arteriograms, retrograde pyelograms, and macroscopic and histologic studies at 24 h (n = 4), 6 weeks (n = 2), and 3 months (n = 4) were performed to evaluate the efficacy of the plug. The SIS plug effectively closed the dilated nephrostomy tract. Follow-up studies showed minimal changes of the kidneys, except for 1 small infarction, regarding inflammatory and foreign-body reactions and progressive scarring of the SIS. SIS plug is effective for occlusion of dilated nephrostomy tract after nephroscopy. Its efficacy should be compared with other therapeutic options.
Leonurenones A–C: Labdane diterpenes from Leonotis leonurus

Labdanes, leonurenones A–C, two known labdanes, luteolin 7-O-β-glucoside and luteolin were isolated and characterized from a commercial source of Leonotis leonurus. Genetic methods allowed for identification of the plant material. The leonurenones contain an uncommon α,β-unsaturated enone moiety in ring B, and leonurenones A and B were evaluated in a competitive inhibition assay at the GABA A neuroreceptor site.
Analysis of matrix nuclei spin flip satellite lines in EPR spectra: Application to trapped hydrogen atoms

Abstract The relative intensities and energy separation of allowed EPR lines of a paramagnetic species and partially forbidden spin flip satellite lines due to dipole-dipole coupling between the paramagnetic species and the matrix nuclei have been analyzed in a new way. The analysis allows one to determine both the distance to and the number of matrix nuclei that contribute to a given satellite transition. For hydrogen atoms trapped in a gamma-irradiated sulphuric acid glass at 77 K the analysis indicates that interaction occurs with four matrix protons at a distance of 2.15 A. For trapped hydrogen atoms in phosphoric acid glass the analysis indicates interaction with four matrix protons at 2.37 A.
COMPARISON OF THE LETHAL EFFECT OF 5‐IODOURACIL INCORPORATED INTO BACTERIOPHAGE T4 IN THE PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF NEAR‐VISIBLE LIGHT

— Bacteriophages T2 or T4 containing 5-iodouracil (IUra) substituted for thymine in their DNA are inactivated by near-visible light, with fluorescent lamps as the source of near-visible light. Inactivation increases with the dose of near-visible light and follows first order kinetics. Relative inactivation rates are linearly proportional to percent substitution. Equivalent per cent substitution by IUra or 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IdUrd) results in equivalent sensitization to inactivation with both T2 and T4. However, incorporation of IUra into T4 and T2 also is lethal in the absence of light. The lethal effect of IUra substitution differs from the lethal effect of IUra substitution plus near-visible light irradiation in at least three respects: (1) IUra substitution is lethal for T4 under conditions where the residual viability is stable and where environmental light cannot account for the inactivation. (2) The hit curve for IUra lethality, as a function of per cent IUra substitution, has a large shoulder while the hit curve for sensitization to inactivation by near-visible light, as a function of per cent IUra substitution, has no shoulder. (3) At equivalent extents of inactivation. IdUrd substitution in the absence of light has a greater effect on phenotypic expression of T4 than either near-visible light irradiation alone or IUra substitution plus near-visible light irradiation, as measured by either delay in appearance or decrease in total amount of two induced enzyme activities (dihydrofolate reductase and deoxycytidylate hydroxymethylase).
Single conducting polymer nanowire chemiresistive label-free immunosensor for cancer biomarker.

A simple and cost-effective, all-electrochemical method to fabricate and assemble single conducting polymer nanowire based biosensors was developed. Polypyrrole (Ppy) nanowires were synthesized by electrochemical polymerization using an alumina template. The single-nanowire chemoresistive sensor device was assembled using ac dielectrophoretic alignment followed by maskless anchoring on a pair of gold electrodes separated by 3 μm. To establish an efficient covalent surface biofunctionalization route, glutaraldehyde (GA) and N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) chemistries were compared. EDC was established to be the most effective chemistry and was used to surface-functionalize a single Ppy nanowire with cancer antigen (CA 125) antibody to fabricate a nanoimmunosensor for CA 125 biomarker detection and quantification. The immunosensor had excellent sensitivity with a lower detection limit of 1 U/mL CA 125 and dynamic range up to 1000 U/mL in 10 mM phosphate buffer. Furthermore...
Hybrid Origin of the Absarokite-Shoshonite-Banakite Series, Absaroka Volcanic Field, Wyoming

Note: This paper is dedicated to Aaron and Elizabeth Waters on the occasion of Dr. Waters' retirement. Textural and mineralogical features of potash-rich basaltic rocks of the absarokite-shoshonite-banakite series strongly suggest that most of the large crystals and aggregates in these rocks are xenocrysts and microxenoliths, not true phenocrysts as was previously thought. A hybrid origin, involving assimilation of gabbro by high-temperature syenitic magma, is proposed.
Propensities of Aromatic Amino Acids versus Leucine and Proline to Induce Residual Structure in the Denatured State Ensemble of Iso-1-cytochrome c

Histidine-heme loop formation in the denatured state of a protein is a sensitive means for probing residual structure under unfolding conditions. In this study, we use a host-guest approach to investigate the relative tendencies of different amino acids to promote residual structure under denaturing conditions. The host for this work is a 6-amino-acid insert of five alanines, followed by a lysine engineered immediately following a unique histidine near the N-terminus of yeast iso-1-cytochrome c. We substitute the fourth alanine in this sequence HAAAXAK (with X=Trp, Phe, Tyr, and Leu). The effects of proline are tested with substitutions at positions 1 and 5 in the insert (HPAAAAK and HAAAAPK, respectively). Thermodynamic studies on His-heme loop formation in 3 M guanidine hydrochloride reveal significant stabilization of residual structure by aromatic amino acids, particularly Trp and Phe, and minimal stabilization of residual structure by Leu. Prolines slightly disfavor His-heme loop formation, presumably due to enhanced chain stiffness. Kinetic studies reveal that much of the change in His-heme loop stability for the aromatic amino acids is caused by a slowdown in the rate of His-heme loop breakage, indicating that residual structure is preferentially stabilized in the closed-loop form of the denatured state.
The Impact of Anatomic Manipulations on Pharyngeal Collapse: Results From a Computational Model of the Normal Human Upper Airway

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disease with important neurocognitive and cardiovascular sequelae. Existing therapies are unsatisfactory, leading investigators to seek alternative forms of anatomic manipulation to influence pharyngeal mechanics. We have developed a two-dimensional computational model of the normal human upper airway based on signal averaging of MRI. Using the finite element method, we can perform various anatomic perturbations on the structure in order to assess the impact of these manipulations on pharyngeal mechanics and collapse. By design, the normal sleeping upper airway model collapses at − 13 cm H2O. This closing pressure becomes more negative (ie, less collapsible) when we perform mandibular advancement (− 21 cm H2O), palatal resection (− 18 cm H2O), or palatal stiffening (− 17 cm H2O). Where clinical data are available in the literature, the results of our model correspond reasonably well. Furthermore, our model provides information regarding the site of obstruction and provides hypotheses for clinical studies that can be undertaken in the future (eg, combination therapies). We believe that, in the future, finite element modeling will provide a useful tool to help advance our understanding of OSA and its response to various therapies.
Antepautum predictors of fetal distress in postterm pregnancy

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of combining nonstress testing with ultrasound assessment of amniotic fluid volume for the antenatal evaluation of the postterm fetus. Postterm patients (884) were managed with amniotic fluid assessments and nonstress tests (including evaluation for variable and late decelerations) twice a week. There were no perinatal deaths or major neonatal morbidity. However, the antenatal testing sensitivity, specificity, negative, or positive predictive values were not improved by combining the two tests. Individually, amniotic fluid assessment was just as accurate a predictor of fetal well-being and was a significantly more sensitive test than the nonstress test. In addition, antenatal predictors of fetal distress and intrapartum signs of fetal distress were almost exclusively those reflective of umbilical cord compromise. These findings stress the importance of antenatal screening for signs of umbilical cord compromise as an early indication of potential fetal compromise. Although the results also suggest that amniotic fluid assessment is superior to the nonstress test, they do not conclusively support the use of amniotic fluid assessment as the sole parameter for postterm antenatal surveillance.
Detection of perpendicular line intersections

An automatic pattern recognition system is described which employs a digital approximation of a ring.
Modulation of Psoralen DNA Crosslinking Kinetics Associated with a Triplex-forming Oligonucleotide

A triplex-forming oligonucleotide (TFO), HPRT3, conjugated to a psoralen derivative, was designed to target a psoralen reaction site within the HPRT gene. HPRT3 bound with high affinity to a synthetic duplex target sequence. At a uniform UVA radiation dose, the ratio of psoralen monoadducts (MA) to interstrand crosslinks decreased and inverted with increasing TFO concentration. As the TFO concentration increased from 10 nm to 10 microm, the efficiency of psoralen MA formation remained relatively constant but the efficiency of interstrand crosslink formation increased several-fold. Neither shortening the TFO to reduce its dissociation constant nor altering the DNA sequences flanking the TFO binding site altered the concentration dependence of MA and crosslink yields. The psoralen photokinetics associated with 10 nm HPRT3 converted to those associated with 10 microm HPRT3 with the addition of other unrelated TFOs at 10 microm that do not specifically interact with the HPRT3 target sequence. Glycerol at concentrations of 0.5% (vol/vol) or higher also mimicked high TFO concentrations in enhancing crosslink formation. These results demonstrate that while psoralen may be targeted to react at a particular sequence by TFOs, photoreactivity associated with triplex formation is also modulated by sequence-independent factors that may affect the local macromolecular environment.
MEG localization of cortex involved in attention processes during a driving task with conversation

Abstract Whole-head MEG imaging of 19 subjects was used to determine the neural mechanisms that modulate reaction times to visual events while watching a driving video, with and without a simulated cell phone conversation. The primary task was to watch the video and depress a foot pedal in response to a small red light presented to the left or below the driving scene at unpredictable times. The secondary task was a conversation. The subject pressed a button to answer a ring tone, and then covertly answered pre-recorded questions. The foot reaction times (RTs) were recorded. Conversation increased mean behavioral RT by 77 ms but did not affect the “miss” rate for the event lights. Partial Least-Squares and linear discriminant analysis of the MEG data extracted signals related to cortical processing underlying this RT effect. Linear regression analysis first identified MEG signals associated with RT. Locations of brain activity whose response correlated with RT were then imaged using the ICA-MR-FOCUSS technique. While performing the primary task without conversation, brain activity was found to be inversely related to RT in (1) right superior parietal lobe during the 200- to 300-ms interval after red light onset and (2) visual cortex during the 85- to 90-ms interval after red light onset. The magnitude of the change in cortical response with RT was substantially reduced by adding the conversation secondary task. Thus, conversation activated language-specific areas as expected, but also damped brain activity in the right superior parietal and visual regions. However, these laboratory findings should not be interpreted as if real-world conversations are driver distractions without on-road validation and comparison to the effects of other in-vehicle tasks.
Resolved: Targeting a Higher Hemoglobin Is Associated with Greater Risk in Patients with CKD Anemia: Pro

Some time has passed since the torrent of discussion surrounding the cardiovascular risk of pushing up hemoglobin concentrations in dialysis patients with erythropoietin. The debate here reflects a look back on the tension produced by confusing data and outcomes. Is it the target hemoglobin per se or the high doses of erythropoietin in subsets of resistant patients that is the problem? You decide.
Application of haptic feedback to a combot

In the sport of combat robotics, there is a strong incentive to produce machines with high power-to-weight ratios. To produce more power, electric motors in these machines are operated well above their rated specifications, leading to a shortened working life and the risk of over-temperature failure. This paper discusses the design of a system to haptically display the instantaneous current draw and temperature of the motors of a combot and the application of this system to the drivetrain of a preexisting combot. To give the driver a sense of the remotely controlled machine's state, the current draw is presented to the operator by vibrating the control joystick and the temperatures of the handles are controlled to match the temperatures of the motors. Tested in combat, this system shows promise as a means to reduce damage, improve performance, and increase driver awareness of the machine's state.
The effect of lithocholic acid on proliferation and apoptosis during the early stages of colon carcinogenesis: differential effect on apoptosis in the presence of a colon carcinogen

Lithocholic acid (LCA) is implicated in human and experimental animal carcinogenesis. Its effect on apoptosis and proliferation of the colonic epithelium was studied in a 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced murine carcinogenesis model. Four groups of mice, control, LCA, DMH and DMH+LCA, were studied for 4 weeks, a period corresponding to early stages of carcinogenesis. Apoptosis (AI) and proliferation (PI) indices in the colon were determined by immunohistochemistry. LCA stimulated apoptosis [AI = 1.2 +/- 0.3% (all values are the mean +/- SEM) versus control 0.5 +/- 0.1%, P < 0. 05], as did DMH (4.3 +/- 0.8%, P < 0.02). DMH increased apoptosis at the base of the crypt nearly 50-fold, with no effect at the lumenal third. In mice receiving DMH, LCA suppressed apoptosis almost completely (0.1 +/- 0.03%); this suppression was complete at the lower two-thirds of the crypt (AI = 0) and 60% at the lumenal third. LCA increased proliferation (PI = 22.2 +/- 4.6% versus 15.4 +/- 1% in controls), but this did not reach statistical significance. DMH increased proliferation (PI = 34.6 +/- 2.3%, P < 0.01). In mice receiving DMH, proliferation (41 +/- 2.9%) was about two-thirds of the additive effect. LCA affected proliferation, mainly in the middle third of the crypt; DMH's effect was similar in distribution, but more pronounced. In mice receiving DMH, LCA shifts proliferation upward, extending it to the lumenal third of the crypt. LCA's main cell kinetic effect in the colon is on apoptosis; this effect differs in normal (stimulation) and pre-malignant colon (nearly complete suppression). LCA does not significantly stimulate proliferation in either normal or pre-malignant colon. The differential effect of LCA on apoptosis in the presence of a carcinogen partially explains its effect as a promoter on colon carcinogenesis in animal models, and may have important implications for human carcinogenesis.
Foreign nurse recruitment: Global risk

Recruitment of nurses by industrialized nations from developing countries has been common practice for decades. Globalization, a crucial trend of the 21st century, raises the world's awareness of the economic and social disparities between nations. The direct impact on nurse emigration emphasizes the ethical, economic, and social inequalities between source and destination countries. It is often more cost-effective for industrialized countries to recruit from developing countries; however, the depletion of source country resources has created a global healthcare crisis. Destination countries are being challenged on the ethical implications of aggressive recruitment and their lack of developing a sustainable self-sufficient domestic workforce. Similarly, source countries are confronting the same challenges as they struggle to fund and educate adequate numbers of nurses for domestic needs and emigrant replacement. This article will review the ethical, economic, and social impacts of continued unrestricted international recruitment of nurses and present a proposal for development of an international treaty addressing global sustainability.
Perceived Utility of Parent-Generated Family Health History as a Health Promotion Tool in Pediatric Practice

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to describe how pediatric providers collect and use family health history (FHH) and their perceptions about My Family Health Portrait (MFHP) as a pediatric health promotion and disease prevention tool. Study design.A random sample of 148 pediatric providers was invited to participate in a semistructured qualitative interview. Transcripts were reviewed by 2 coders, and interrater reliability was determined. Results. In all, 21 providers were interviewed. All participants collected FHH at new visits and when patients presented with a symptom or complaint. Most providers believed that collecting FHH of chronic disease benefits the pediatric population. Time was the most commonly cited barrier to FHH collection; collecting FHH prior to the office visit was the most frequently cited facilitator. Providers believed that the use of MFHP would improve FHH collection and allow targeted education and preventive recommendations. Respondents also identified logistical and oth...
Carcinoma of the Lung in Rats Exposed to the β-Radiation of Intrabronchial Ruthenium106 Pellets. I. Dose-Response Relationships

Groups of rats were exposed to BETA radiation derived from ruthenium/ sup 106/-plated pellets implanted within the bronchi. Levels of mu c varied from 0.008 to 13.6 and integrated dose from 10/sup 3/ to 10/sup 6/ rads. Since the spatial relationship of the emitting pellet to the bronchial origin of tumor was known, dose to the specific target tissue could be directly calculated. This is in contrast to previous quantitatrons of radiation to the bronchus in terms of average lung dose. Sixtyeight animals with squamous cell carcinomas were observed among the 265 rats exposed. The tumors occurred in doserelated fashion with incidence progressing from 7.3 percent in animals exposed to 10/sup 3/ rads to 65.6 percent in those exposed to 10/sup 6/ rads. (auth)
The Effects of Integrative Reminiscence on Depressive Symptoms in Older African Americans

The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of integrative reminiscence on depressive symptoms in older African Americans. Fifty-six community-dwelling participants from a northeast urban setting were randomized into a reminiscence intervention group (n = 19), attention control group (health education; n = 19), or true control group (n = 18). Data were collected pre- and posttest using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Significant differences were found between groups, F(2, 52) = 8.6, p = .001, eta(2) = .10. Using Holm's method of post hoc analysis, the mean score for the reminiscence group was 6.8 (SD = 4.7), significantly different from the control group 14.6 (SD = 10.1) and the health education group 11.7 (SD = 7.1). Findings demonstrate that integrative reminiscence has a positive effect on decreasing depressive symptoms in older African Americans.
Composite phase-shifting algorithm for three-dimensional shape compression

With recent advancements in 3-D imaging and computational technologies, acquiring 3-D data is unprecedentedly simple. However, the use of 3-D data is still limited due to the size of 3-D data, especially 3-D video data. Therefore, the study of how to store and transmit the 3-D data in real time is vital. We address a technique that encodes a 3-D surface shape into a single 24-bit color image. In particular, this image is generated by advanced computer graphics tools with two primary color channels encoded as sine and cosine fringe images, and the third chan- nel encoded as a stair image to unwrap the phase obtained from the two fringe images. An arbitrary 3-D shape can then be recovered from a single image. We test 3-D shapes with differing levels of complexity along with various image formats. Experiments demonstrate that, without significantly losing the shape quality, the compression ratio can go up to 1:36.86, compared with the native smallest possible 3-D data represen- tation method. © 2010 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. DOI: 10.1117/1.3456632
Covalent layer-by-layer assembly—an effective, forgiving way to construct functional robust ultrathin films and nanocomposites

Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly is a versatile way to construct thin film nanocomposites and to modify surfaces. This technology is broadly useful because it is a simple and forgiving synthetic method. Most commonly, this approach to fabrication of an interface involves multilayer ionic assembly of polyelectrolytes. While ionic grafts are easy to prepare, ionic assemblies cannot be used in all applications. This highlight focuses on an alternative approach that uses covalent bonds to form multilayer grafts. Selected examples of this chemistry showing the scope of this methodology in the formation of ultrathin film nanocomposites and its potential are discussed below.
Fiber-optic tunable filters powered by in-fiber light

Tunable fiber Bragg gratings powered by in-fiber light have been demonstrated. Heated with in-fiber diode laser light leaked through fiber clad, metal-coated fiber Bragg gratings show 4.9-nm resonance wavelength tuning and 6-nm chirp tuning, respectively.
Source signatures of carbon monoxide and organic functional groups in Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia) submicron aerosol types

[1] Atmospheric submicron particles were collected on Teflon filters downstream of a three-stage concentrator aboard the National Center for Atmospheric Research C-130 aircraft near Japan during the Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia). Particle-phase organic carbon (OC) was quantified using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) transmission spectroscopy. Silicate, carbonate, alkane, alkene, aromatic, alcohol, carbonyl, amine, and organosulfate functional groups were identified and separated with a four-solvent rinsing procedure. X-ray fluorescence identified elemental composition. Total OC constructed from FTIR measurements agreed with simultaneous thermal-optical OC measurements with a slope of 0.91 and an R2 value of 0.93. OC varied from 0.4 to 14.2 μg m−3, and organic mass varied from 0.6 to 19.6 μg m−3, representing on average 36% of the identified submicron aerosol mass. Measured carbon monoxide (CO) to OC slopes illustrate 10 groups of air from regions described by an Asian emissions inventory. The CO/OC slope is used to compare sources and their influence on organic composition. Fifty-two percent of ACE-Asia samples have CO/OC slopes indicative of biomass combustion. Unitless CO/OC slopes above 15 are associated with increased fractions of alcohol groups, unsaturated C-H groups, and inorganic nitrate. Increased carbonyl carbon fractions in air originating over northern Asia are consistent with secondary OC formation. Case studies in the boundary layer demonstrate that aerosol compositions downwind of large Asian aerosol sources show clear regional composition signatures.
A proposed reconstruction of Hebrews 7.28a in P46

L'article etudie un probleme de dechiffrage du papyrus Chester Beatty P 46 en Hebreux 7,28a et propose une lecture differente de celle de F.G. Kenyon
Characterizing and improving the collaborative position location problem

Indoor positioning has become a hot research topic due to a plethora of interesting applications ranging from emergency responder tracking to location-based services. In this work we focus on the problem of network localization, sometimes called collaborative localization, where a network of nodes is to be localized using both connections to anchors (when they exist) and connections between unlocalized nodes [1]. The fast and efficient IPPM algorithm developed in [2] and [3] performs well in most situations. However, it suffers from the existence of local, non-global minima which cause large localization error. In this work, we propose a technique for identifying and mitigating local minima errors, and we show that collaborative position location estimates can be greatly improved using our method.
The mutational specificity of two Escherichia coli dnaE antimutator alleles as determined from lacI mutation spectra.

In a companion study we have described the isolation of a series of mutants of Escherichia coli that replicate their DNA with increased fidelity. These mutants carry a mutation in the dnaE gene, encoding the alpha (polymerase) subunit of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme, which is responsible for the faithful replication of the bacterial chromosome. The mutants were detected as suppressors of the high mutability of a mutL strain (defective in postreplicative mismatch correction), in which mutations may be considered to arise predominantly from errors of DNA replication. To investigate the specificity of these antimutator effects, we have analyzed spectra of forward mutations in the N-terminal part of the lacI gene (i-d mutations) for two of the mutL dnaE derivatives (dnaE911 and dnaE915), as well as the control mutL strain. DNA sequencing of over 600 mutants revealed that in the mutL background both antimutator alleles reduce specifically transition mutations (A.T-->G.C and G.C-->A.T). However, the two alleles behave differently in this respect. dnaE911 reduces A.T-->G.C more strongly than it does G.C-->A.T, whereas the reverse is true for dnaE915. Second, dnaE911 does not appear to affect either transversion or frameshift mutations, whereas dnaE915 displays a distinct mutator effect for both. This mutator effect of dnaE915 for frameshift mutations was confirmed by the frequency of reversion of the trpE9777 frameshift mutation. The discovery that dnaE antimutator alleles possess distinct specificities supports the notion that DNA polymerases discriminate against errors along multiple pathways and that these pathways can be influenced independently.