cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cultivating an Eastern self: A qualitative study of the impact of mindfulness meditation on Western-born practitioners’ views of self and well-being

With increasing participation in Eastern contemplative activities by Western-born practitioners, psychological research is needed on how meditation influences conceptualizations of the self. Descri...
ELEVATED DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE PREDICTS SHORT-TERM RISK FOR ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME IN PATIENTS WITHOUT PRIOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) predicts cardiac events among patients without prior Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). However, short term risk of elevated DBP among these patients is not known Logistic regression was used to determine whether DBP (ambulatory/inpatient) can predict ACS (n=188) within 7
The interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and spin-orbit torque driven domain wall motion in Co/Ni multi-layers with a Ptx(Ir,Au)1−x seedlayer

We use Kerr microscopy to characterize magnetic domain walls in Co/Ni based magnetic nanowires grown on a Pt seedlayer with a thin Ptx(Ir,Au)1−x buffer layer. The buffer layer composition enables control of the interfacial DMI vector as measured from the asymmetric bubble expansion technique while the thicker Pt seedlayer is expected to govern the spin Hall angle. Additions of either Ir or Au to the Pt buffer layer give rise to a marked drop in the interfacial DMI vector. The efficiency of current induced magnetic domain wall motion in nanowires shows a direct relation to DMI across the composition spectrum. This correlation is discussed in the context of future spintronic devices as a mechanism for engineering the spin-orbit coupling properties of complex magnetic multi-layers.
A Simple Procedure to Predict Pore-Pressure-Rise of Saturated Granular Soils During Earthquakes

Abstract A simple technique is proposed for the prediction of the increase of pore-pressure of saturated granular soils subjected to random earthquake-type cyclic loads. The model involves the determination of two material constants from a single liquefaction test. The predicted rise in pore-pressure is in fairly good agreement with that observed by other researchers.
Nanoindentation Measurements on Rocks

Young’s modulus and hardness of shale are important parameters for the design of hydraulic fractures and the selection of proppant. Nanoindentation has shown applicability in fine grained rocks and provides a method to measure these parameters using core fragments and drill cuttings. Nanoindentation measurements on horizontal and vertical samples can be used to quantify anisotropy. Indentation Young’s modulus correlates well with dynamic modulus obtained from acoustic velocity data on core plugs. Nanoindentation is thus a viable method to measure mechanical properties of fine grained shale. Young’s moduli obtained by nanoindentation are related to composition and porosity, e.g., total organic carbon (TOC), porosity and mineralogy. Young’s modulus showed a trends with both TOC and porosity and warrants further study to establish more robust relationships. The primary aim of this paper is to study the applicability of nanoindentation to shale and this is established by comparing nanoindentation results with standard dynamic pulse-transmission velocity measurements. Nanoindentation on Wolfcamp shale, Lyons sandstone, Sioux quartzite, Indiana limestone and pyrophyllite was performed to test whether the nanoindentation test gives representative results of the whole sample with variation in grain size. The experimental results indicate that nanoindentation measures the grain Young’s modulus due to all indentations on a single grain for coarse grained rocks and thus, resulting in incorrect Young’s modulus of rock. However, for rock with smaller grain (<indenter area), nanoindentation results are representative of multiple grains and hence correlating well with the dynamically determined Young’s modulus.
Late Breaking Results: Robustly Executing DNNs in IoT Systems Using Coded Distributed Computing ∗

Internet of Things (IoT) devices have access to an abundance of raw data for processing. With deep neural networks (DNNs), not only the demand for the computing power of IoT devices is increasing, but also privacy concerns are motivating the importance of close-to-edge computation. DNN execution by distributing its computation is common in IoT systems. However, managing unstable latencies in a network and intermittent failures are serious challenges. Our work provides robustness and close-to-zero recovery latency by adapting coded distributed computing (CDC). We analyze robust execution on a mesh of Raspberry Pis by studying four DNNs.
Role of DnaK-DnaJ Proteins in PSII Repair

Climate change is expected to make drought far more severe and frequent for plants all over the world ([Bartlett et al., 2016][1]). Drought affects yield, growth, and development of plants. Photosynthesis is particularly sensitive to drought stress, and when its efficiency decreases due to drought,
Quad S2-Alar-Iliac Screw Fixation via Navigated Spinal Robotics With Software Planning: 2-Dimensional Operative Video

The use of robotic guidance for spinal instrumentation has become promising for its ability to offer the advantages of precision, accuracy, and reproducibility. However, utilization and adoption of robotic platforms for spine surgery remain limited especially in comparison to other surgical fields. We present here a case of a 71-yr-old man with a prior T4-pelvis long-segment fusion who presented with distal sacro-iliac instrumentation loosening with pseudarthrosis. He subsequently underwent construct revision with quad (bilateral dual) S2-alar-iliac screw fixation with navigated spinal robotic assistance (Mazor X Stealth Edition, Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Medtronic Inc, Dublin, Ireland). To our knowledge, this is the first video demonstrating the preoperative software planning and intraoperative workflow for placing quad S2-alar-iliac screws with navigated spinal robotic guidance using the Mazor X Stealth Edition. There is no identifying information in this video. Patient consent was obtained for the surgical procedure and for publishing of the material included in the video.
Psoas Abscess Caused by Candida Glabrata: A Case Report

Psoas abscess caused by Candida is an uncommon condition. We report a case of psoas abscess caused by Candida glabrata, which was completely resolved with drainage and oral voriconazole. Because of the nonspecific clinical presentation, the diagnosis of psoas abscess can be a challenge. Prompt suspicion, with early diagnosis and drainage with an appropriate antifungal agent, seems to improve the clinical outcome.
A Coupled Translation-Transcription Cell-Free System

In many systems a correlation can be drawn between an increase in the translational capacity of cells and their subsequent embryological development, growth, or response to hormone or other stimulus. In order to distinguish a causal relationship from a coincidental one between the induction of specific protein products and the preceding ribosome accumulation, one would like to be able to separate the events. Such intervention is not feasible in vivo. Therefore, a cell-free system was developed in which isolated intact cockerel liver nuclei were transcriptionally active, in the presence or absence of fractionated or unfractionated active translational machinery isolated from rabbit reticulocytes.
Human gait identiﬁcation using two dimensional multi-resolution analysis

Abstract Application of wearable devices like as inertial sensors has grown rapidly in various daily living applications such as, in wearable gait analysis due to several factors, such as being easy-to-use and low-cost. Many methods have been suggested to extract various heuristic and high-level features of motion sensor data to identify discriminative gait signatures to distinguish the target individual from others. In this study, we propose an identiﬁcation method for human gait identiﬁcation using spectro-temporal two dimensional (2D) expansion of human gait cycles, and then implement a 2D multi-resolution analysis to decompose the expanded 2D space to different levels of resolution. We propose a systematic methodology for processing motion signals for the purpose of human gait identiﬁcation by ﬁrst extracting the Gait cycles. Then, we perform 2D spectro-temporal representation of each cycle. After that, we conduct multi-resolution decomposition and analysis of the 2D spectrograms to extract useful information for the predictive task. We collect raw motion data from ﬁve inertial sensors placed on the chest, lower back, right hand wrist, right knee and right ankle. After pre-processing the raw recordings, we propose an effective heuristic segmentation method to extract the gait cycles from the processed data. Spectro-temporal features are extracted by merging key instantaneous spectral descriptors in a gait cycle that characterize the non-stationarities in each gait cycle inertial data in two dimensions. The 2D spectro-temporal expansion of the gait cycles extracted from inertial sensor data from a population of 10 subjects are decomposed to several levels of resolutions. Based on the extracted features from each level of decomposed space, the identiﬁcation task is accomplished. Based on our experimental results, 93.36% subject identiﬁcation accuracy was achieved.
The Arabidopsis thaliana PeptideAtlas; harnessing world-wide proteomics data for a comprehensive community proteomics resource

ABSTRACT We developed a new resource, the Arabidopsis PeptideAtlas (www.peptideatlas.org/builds/arabidopsis/), to solve central questions about the Arabidopsis proteome, such as the significance of protein splice forms, post-translational modifications (PTMs), or simply obtain reliable information about specific proteins. PeptideAtlas is based on published mass spectrometry (MS) analyses collected through ProteomeXchange and reanalyzed through a uniform processing and metadata annotation pipeline. All matched MS-derived peptide data are linked to spectral, technical and biological metadata. Nearly 40 million out of ∼143 million MSMS spectra were matched to the reference genome Araport11, identifying ∼0.5 million unique peptides and 17858 uniquely identified proteins (only isoform per gene) at the highest confidence level (FDR 0.0004; 2 non-nested peptides ≥ 9 aa each), assigned canonical proteins, and 3543 lower confidence proteins. Physicochemical protein properties were evaluated for targeted identification of unobserved proteins. Additional proteins and isoforms currently not in Araport11 were identified, generated from pseudogenes, alternative start, stops and/or splice variants and sORFs; these features should be considered for updates to the Arabidopsis genome. Phosphorylation can be inspected through a sophisticated PTM viewer. This new PeptideAtlas is integrated with community resources including TAIR, tracks in JBrowse, PPDB and UniProtKB. Subsequent PeptideAtlas builds will incorporate millions more MS data. One sentence summary A new web resource providing the global community with mass spectrometry-based Arabidopsis proteome information and its spectral, technical and biological metadata integrated with TAIR and JBrowse
Impact of COVID-19 and Shelter in Place on Volume and Type of Traumatic Injuries.

Introduction: Very little is known about the effects of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and its associated social distancing practices on trauma presentations to the emergency department (ED). This study aims to assess the impact of a city-wide stay at home order on the volume, type, and outcomes of traumatic injuries at urban EDs. Methods: The study was a retrospective chart review of all patients who presented to the ED of an urban Level I Trauma Center and its urban community affiliate in the time period during the 30 days before the institution of city-wide shelter-in-place (preSIP) order and 60 days after the shelter-in-place (SIP) order and the date-matched time periods in the preceding year. Volume and mechanism of traumatic injuries were compared using paired T-tests. Results: There was a significant decrease in overall ED volume. The volume of certain blunt trauma presentations (motor vehicle collisions) during the first 60 days of SIP compared to the same period from the year prior also significantly decreased. Importantly, the volume of penetrating injuries, including gunshot wounds and stab wounds, did not differ for the preSIP and SIP periods when compared to the prior year. The mortality of traumatic injuries was also unchanged during the SIP comparison period. Conclusion: While there were significant decreases in visits to the ED and overall trauma volume, penetrating trauma, including gun violence, and other severe traumatic injuries remain a public health crisis that affects urban communities despite social distancing recommendations enacted during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Experimental evaluation of bridge patterns for a high performance microprocessor

Silicon evaluation of scan patterns, targeting realistic bridges, for a high performance microprocessor is presented. The practicality of generating realistic bridge patterns is demonstrated. Silicon data, with and without functional fails, and in the presence of n-detect tests are presented. Data points to the value of and efficiency of bridge patterns. Data also shows the advantage of using supplemental bridge patterns when compared with supplemental stuck-at patterns.
Nucleotide sequence of a cluster of Escherichia coli enterobactin biosynthesis genes: identification of entA and purification of its product 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase.

Abstract The nucleotide sequence of a region of the Escherichia coli chromosome encoding part of a cluster of genes involved in the biosynthesis of the iron chelator enterobactin has been determined. Four closely linked open reading frames, corresponding to the coding regions of entE (carboxy-terminal 144 amino acids), entB (32,554 daltons), entA (26,249 daltons), and an unidentified gene (P15) encoding a 14,970-dalton protein, were found. The lack of intergenic sequences and promoterlike elements suggests that these genes form part of the same transcription unit. We report the purification to homogeneity of the entA product, 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase. It is an octamer of native molecular weight 210,000; the amino-terminal amino acid sequence confirmed the entA coding region. No isochorismate synthase activity was associated with this polypeptide. This finding leads to the conclusion that the recent suggestion (M. S. Nahlik, T. P. Fleming, and M. A. McIntosh, J. Bacteriol. 169:4163-4170, 1987) that 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase and isochorismate synthase activities reside on a single 26,000-dalton bifunctional enzyme is incorrect, even though the entA and entC mutations map to the same genetic locus.
Solemnity and celebration: Dark tourism experiences at Hollywood Forever Cemetery

As the final resting place of celebrities and notable public figures, Hollywood Forever Cemetery in Los Angeles has long served as a tourist attraction and a site of public memory. Unique among dark tourism sites, Hollywood Forever brings together the gravity of death and a celebratory sense of remembrance. This is made possible in part by the cemetery’s history as a tourist attraction and by its use as a site of festivals, film screenings, and other events. Tourists are encouraged to use the cemetery as social space, transforming relationships to the site. Many visitors respond warmly to these events, yet the cemetery faces disapproval from those who find these practices irreverent and lacking respect for the dead.
Casimir interactions between scatterers in carbon nanotubes

CASIMIR INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SCATTERERS IN CARBON NANOTUBES Dina Zhabinskaya Eugene J. Mele, advisor In this thesis we calculate interactions between localized scatterers in metallic carbon nanotubes. Backscattering of electrons between localized scatterers mediates long range forces between them. These interactions are mapped to Casimir forces mediated by one-dimensional massless fermions and calculated using a force operator approach. We first study interactions between scatterers described by spinor polarized potentials relevant to the single-valley problem in carbon nanotubes. We obtain the force between two finite width square barriers, and take the limit of zero width and infinite potential strength to study the Casimir force mediated by the fermions. For the case of identical scatterers we recover the conventional attractive one dimensional Casimir force. For the general problem with inequivalent scatterers we find that the magnitude and sign of this force depend on the relative spinor polarizations of the two scattering potentials which can be tuned to give an attractive, a repulsive, or a compensated null Casimir interaction. Next, we generalize our work on the single-valley Casimir problem to study interactions between physically realizable scatterers in nanotubes. We model spatially localized scatterers by local and non-local potentials and treat simultaneously the effects of intravalley and intervalley backscattering. We find that the long range forces between scatterers exhibit the universal power law decay of the Casimir force in one dimension, with prefactors that control the sign and strength of the interaction. These prefactors are nonuniversal and depend on the symmetry and degree of localization of the scattering potentials. We find that local potentials inevitably lead to a coupled valley scattering problem, though by contrast non-local potentials lead to two decoupled single-valley problems. The Casimir effect due to two-valley scattering potentials is characterized by the appearance of spatially periodic modulations of the force. iv
ENFORCEMENT RIGHTS AGAINST NON-CULPABLE NON-JUST INTRUSION

I articulate and defend a principle governing enforcement rights in response to a non-culpable non-just rights-intrusion (e.g., wrongful bodily attack by someone who falsely, but with full epistemic justification, believes that he is acting permissibly). The account requires that the use of force reduce the harm from such intrusions and is sensitive to the extent to which the intruder is agent-responsible for imposing intrusion-harm
Allocating Risk Through Contract: Evidence from M&A and Policy Implications

In a hand-coded sample of MA default law should require minimum amounts in controversy and caps on post-closing contract liability; and lawyers should disclose to clients their M&A experience and typical outcomes of specific risk-allocation provisions.
The Informant: A Narcotics Enforcement Dilemma

(1981). The Informant: A Narcotics Enforcement Dilemma. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 13, Drugs, Crime and Criminal Justice, pp. 235-245.
Endowments: Stable Largesse or Distortion of the Polity?

As ever more private resources are held in foundations and nonprofit organizations’ endowment funds, more scholars and practitioners are demanding that these assets be put to good use immediately. Those favoring the preservation of capital—primarily representing private foundations—sound unnecessarily cautious. This article examines endowment conservation from a variety of critical angles, finding strong rationales for both conserving and liquidating endowments. Policy responses to the buildup of endowment assets include requiring a faster payout or regulating the amount and type of administrative expenses included in annual payout. This article reviews the relationship of the business cycle and wealth distribution to annual giving. The most prudent course, in view of the cyclical nature of giving as well as the substantial generational wealth currently held by elders, appears to be to conserve significant assets now in order to establish a stable flow of future social benefits.
Expanding the computational toolbox for mining cancer genomes

High-throughput DNA sequencing has revolutionized the study of cancer genomics with numerous discoveries that are relevant to cancer diagnosis and treatment. The latest sequencing and analysis methods have successfully identified somatic alterations, including single-nucleotide variants, insertions and deletions, copy-number aberrations, structural variants and gene fusions. Additional computational techniques have proved useful for defining the mutations, genes and molecular networks that drive diverse cancer phenotypes and that determine clonal architectures in tumour samples. Collectively, these tools have advanced the study of genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic alterations in cancer, and their association to clinical properties. Here, we review cancer genomics software and the insights that have been gained from their application.
Using event-history analysis to examine the causes of semi-sedentism among shifting cultivators: A case study of the Haudenosaunee, AD 1500-1700

Abstract Event-history analysis is often used in the social sciences to study the occurrence of particular events over the lifespan of individuals and the impact of various factors on the rate at which those events occur. Like individuals, settlements can be analyzed and important events, such as founding or abandonment, can be studied using this method. Thus, as Richard Paine (1992) has noted, the technique can be useful in archaeological investigations of settlement processes. In this research we use it to explore the causes of settlement abandonment among a temperate shifting cultivators in an attempt to better understand the ecology of this adaptation and in order to evaluate the merits of the method. The sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) of northeastern North America present an interesting case study for applying event-history analysis to archaeological settlement dynamics because of the wealth of archaeological settlement data and detailed historic record that allows us to parse out historical factors and analyze the remaining ecological factors. We use event-history analysis as an alternative means for evaluating the relative and absolute effects of several variables that may have been predictive of the lifespan of settlements and the timing of their removal. The results suggest that the decision to move from a village was a complex process in which the population size of a village may have been the single most important, but not the only, determinant of settlement duration.
Chemoattractant-stimulated NF-κB Activation Is Dependent on the Low Molecular Weight GTPase RhoA

Chemoattractants bind to seven transmembrane-spanning, G-protein-coupled receptors on monocytes and neutrophils and induce a variety of functional responses, including activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. The signaling mechanisms utilized by chemoattractants to activate NF-κB in human peripheral blood monocytes are poorly defined. We previously demonstrated that fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP) stimulates NF-κB activation, and this function of fMLP requires phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Here we present evidence that fMLP activates RhoA and that fMLP-induced NF-κB activation requires this small GTPase. Stimulation of monocytes with fMLP rapidly activated RhoA as well as NF-κB, and their activation was markedly reduced by pertussis toxin treatment. Pretreatment of monocyte with a RhoA inhibitor, C3 transferase fromClostridium botulinum, effectively blocked fMLP-induced NF-κB activation as well as interleukin-1β gene expression. A dominant negative form of RhoA (T19N) also inhibited fMLP-stimulated reporter gene expression in a κB-dependent manner. Cotransfection of the monocytic THP1 cells with a constitutively active form of RhoA (Q63L) with the promoter reporter plasmid results in a marked increase in NF-κB-mediated reporter gene expression. Furthermore, the PI3K inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002 block RhoA activation induced by fMLP. These results demonstrate that low molecular weight GTPase RhoA is a novel signal transducer for fMLP-induced NF-κB activation and Gαi or Gαo class of heterotrimeric G proteins likely mediate RhoA activation via PI3K in human peripheral blood monocytes.
Surprise influences hindsight-foresight differences in temporal judgments of animated automobile accidents.

The hindsight bias occurs when people view an outcome as more foreseeable than it actually was. The role of an outcome's initial surprise in the hindsight bias was examined using animations of automobile accidents. Twenty-six participants rated the initial surprise of accidents' occurring in eight animations. An additional 84 participants viewed these animations in one of two conditions: Half stopped the animations when they were certain an accident would occur (i.e., in foresight), and the other half watched the entire animations first and then stopped the animations when they thought that a naive viewer would be certain that an accident would occur (i.e., in hindsight). When the accidents were low in initial surprise, there were no foresight-hindsight differences; when initial surprise was medium, there was a hindsight bias; and when initial surprise was high, there was a reversed hindsight bias. The results are consistent with a sense-making model of hindsight bias.
A facile synthesis of elusive alkoxy-substituted hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene.

Oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of hexakis(4-alkoxyphenyl)benzene produces a quantitative yield of an indenofluorene derivative rather than the expected alkoxy-substituted hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC). The structure of the unexpected indenofluorene was established by X-ray crystallography. The mechanistic considerations for the formation of the indenofluorene derivative led us to devise an alternative synthesis of elusive alkoxy-substituted HBC—a potentially important, disk-shaped structure for the preparation of liquid crystalline materials for practical applications in the emerging areas of molecular electronics and nanotechnology.
Extraordinary Pricing of Orphan Drugs: Is it a Socially Responsible Strategy for the U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry?

The PRIME Institute of the College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, recently released preliminary research findings indicating a trend of extraordinary pharmaceutical industry pricing of drug products in the United States (U.S.). According to researchers at the PRIME Institute, such extraordinary price increases are defined as any price increase that is equal to, or greater than, 100% at a single point in time. In some instances, PRIME Institute researchers found that drugs exhibiting extraordinary price increases are categorized as “orphan drugs” (or blood-related biologic treatments) and often life-saving or life-sustaining for treating the cause or symptoms of diseases affecting fewer than 200,000 people in the U.S., or where there is prevalence of less than 5 per 10,000 people afflicted with a disease or symptoms in the community. Because of extraordinary price increases for orphan drugs – some exceeding 1000% at a single point in time – this article addresses two interrelated questions: Are extraordinary orphan drug price increases socially responsible behavior? If so, are the pharmaceutical industry's policies providing orphan drug access to American consumers in dire need of available life-sustaining and life-enhancing pharmaceuticals considered “socially responsible” behavior? The author concludes, after an interdisciplinary analysis of the legal, economic, sociopolitical, and ethical dimensions of orphan drug pricing, that they are not socially responsible – unless justified by cost and availability of health care marketplace/patient options. Furthermore, the author recommends a socially responsible industry strategic approach to insure that patients ultimately receive – regardless of cost – timely access to life-saving and life-sustaining orphan drugs.
Activity, ecology, and population dynamics of microorganisms in soil.

(1972). Activity, Ecology, and Population Dynamics of Microorganisms in Soil. CRC Critical Reviews in Microbiology: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 59-137.
WHY PLACES ARE PRESERVED: HISTORIC DISTRICTS IN AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN CITIES

This paper presents historic preservation as a movement caught up in issues and conflicts that are ordinary and serious concerns for many Americans and Europeans. It examines rationales for the designation of historic districts in five metropolitan areas: London, Paris, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and Washington, DC. One rationale for historic preservation that is of interest to geographers-enhancing a sense of place-was found to be especially important but in need of further discussion in most historic districts. The role of historic preservation in these study areas is much broader and less elitist or antiquarian than has been suggested in many interpretations of the preservation movement.
The multiscale coarse-graining method. I. A rigorous bridge between atomistic and coarse-grained models.

Coarse-grained (CG) models provide a computationally efficient method for rapidly investigating the long time- and length-scale processes that play a critical role in many important biological and soft matter processes. Recently, Izvekov and Voth introduced a new multiscale coarse-graining (MS-CG) method [J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 2469 (2005); J. Chem. Phys. 123, 134105 (2005)] for determining the effective interactions between CG sites using information from simulations of atomically detailed models. The present work develops a formal statistical mechanical framework for the MS-CG method and demonstrates that the variational principle underlying the method may, in principle, be employed to determine the many-body potential of mean force (PMF) that governs the equilibrium distribution of positions of the CG sites for the MS-CG models. A CG model that employs such a PMF as a “potential energy function” will generate an equilibrium probability distribution of CG sites that is consistent with the atomically detailed model from which the PMF is derived. Consequently, the MS-CG method provides a formal multiscale bridge rigorously connecting the equilibrium ensembles generated with atomistic and CG models. The variational principle also suggests a class of practical algorithms for calculating approximations to this many-body PMF that are optimal. These algorithms use computer simulation data from the atomically detailed model. Finally, important generalizations of the MS-CG method are introduced for treating systems with rigid intramolecular constraints and for developing CG models whose equilibrium momentum distribution is consistent with that of an atomically detailed model.
Emotional reactivity and the emergence of conduct problems and emotional symptoms in 7- to 11-year-olds: a 1-year follow-up study.

Objective: To determine whether individual differences in emotional reactivity predicted high levels of conduct problems and/or emotional (depressive and anxiety) symptoms at 1-year follow-up in a community sample of 7- to 11-year-old children (N = 659). Method: The study used a prospective design with picture perception methodology at baseline to elicit emotional responses from children. Conduct problems and symptoms of anxiety and depression were evaluated using repeated measures from self-, teacher, and parent report questionnaires completed at baseline and 1 year. Results: Children who reported decreased emotional arousal to unpleasant (B = j0.069; p = .011) and pleasant (B = j0.134; p = .036) pictures showed higher levels of self-reported and teacher-reported conduct problems at 1-year follow-up, respectively. Conversely, children who reported increased emotional arousal to neutral pictures (B =0 .661;p = .030) at baseline showed higher levels of anxiety symptoms at follow-up. These findings held when baseline level of problems and symptoms, sex, age, socioeconomic status, and IQ were taken into account. Findings were nonsignificant for symptoms of depression at the multivariate level of analyses. Conclusions: Although findings showed that symptom level at baseline remains the best predictor of symptom level at follow-up, these prospective findings extend previous reports in children and adults and provide predictive validity for decreased arousal correlating with high levels of subsequent conduct problems and increased arousal correlating with high levels of subsequent anxiety symptoms. Differences in emotional processing may constitute a risk process for the subsequent onset of conduct and anxiety disorder in middle childhood. J. Am. Acad. Child
Social deprivation and “mental retardation”

The thesis is proposed that the relative effects of social deprivation may be useful in understanding psychological, etiological factors in “mental retardation.” Social deprivation, a relative construct, is viewed as resulting from the difference between predeprived and deprived levels of adult social stimulation, and as being greatly affected by the rate of change. A case history approach is used to illustrate how the relative social deprivation thesis can contribute to a better understanding of the child's emotional and intellectual development and to the understanding of treatment techniques.
And Still They Rise College Enrollment of African American Women From Poor Communities

This article reports the findings of a qualitative study that sought to gain insight into the process of college enrollment among African American females from low-income communities. A comparative...
The effect of bicuculline application on azimuth-dependent recovery cycle of inferior collicular neurons of the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus.

The recovery cycle of auditory neurons is an important neuronal property, which determines a neuron’s ability to respond to pairs of sounds presented at short inter-sound intervals. This property is particularly important for bats, which rely upon analysis of returning echoes to extract the information about targets after emission of intense orientation sounds. Because target direction often changes throughout the course of hunting, the changing echo direction may affect the recovery cycle and thus temporal processing of auditory neurons. In this study, we examined the effect of sound azimuth on the recovery cycle of inferior collicular (IC) neurons in the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus, under free-field stimulation conditions. Our study showed that the recovery cycle of most IC neurons (42/49, 86%) was longer when determined with sounds delivered at 40° ipsilateral (i40°) than at 40° contralateral (c40°) to the recording site. To study the contribution of GABAergic inhibition to sound azimuth-dependent recovery cycle, we compared the recovery cycle of IC neurons determined at two sound azimuths before and during iontophoretic application of bicuculline, an antagonist for GABAA receptors. Bicuculline application produced a greater decrease of the recovery cycle of these neurons at i40° than at c40°. As a result, the azimuth-dependent recovery cycle of these neurons was abolished or greatly reduced. Possible mechanisms underlying these observations and biological relevance to bat echolocation are discussed.
Problem solving in Chinese mathematics education: research and practice

This paper is an attempt to paint a picture of problem solving in Chinese mathematics education, where problem solving has been viewed both as an instructional goal and as an instructional approach. In discussing problem-solving research from four perspectives, it is found that the research in China has been much more content and experience-based than cognitive and empirical-based. We also describe several problem-solving activities in the Chinese classroom, including “one problem multiple solutions,” “multiple problems one solution,” and “one problem multiple changes.” Unfortunately, there are no empirical investigations that document the actual effectiveness and reasons for the effectiveness of those problem-solving activities. Nevertheless, these problem-solving activities should be useful references for helping students make sense of mathematics.
The Shifting Landscape of Health Care: Toward a Model of Health Care Empowerment

In a rapidly changing world of health care information access and patients’ rights, there is limited conceptual infrastructure available to understand how people approach and engage in treatment of medical conditions. The construct of health care empowerment is defined as the process and state of being engaged, informed, collaborative, committed, and tolerant of uncertainty regarding health care. I present a model in which health care empowerment is influenced by an interplay of cultural, social, and environmental factors; personal resources; and intrapersonal factors. The model offers a framework to understand patient and provider roles in facilitating health care empowerment and presents opportunities for investigation into the role of health care empowerment in multiple outcomes across populations and settings, including inquiries into the sources and consequences of health disparities.
Retreat of the Caprock Escarpment and denudation of the Rolling Plains in the Texas Panhandle

The feasibility of using Permian bedded salts in the Palo Duro Basin of the Texas Panhandle for nuclear waste disposal is in part dependent on maintaining the integrity of the repository throughout a geologically significant length of time, possibly as long as 250,000 years. Geologic processes such as, scarp retreat erosion, and denudation decrease the thickness of protective overburden above an underground repository. Bedded salts that may be suitable for a waste disposal site occur primarily beneath the Southern High Plains. Eastward of the High Plains salts beneath the Caprock Escarpment and the adjacent Rolling Plains are undergoing dissolution and are probably not suitable as disposal sites. The bedded salts beneath the Southern High Plains, where they are adjacent to the Caprock Escarpment, may eventually be affected by erosional processes as the Caprock Escarpment retreats westward and as the Rolling Plains are denuded. Regional rates of westward retreat of the escarpment were determined for time periods that range from 7,900 to 3,000,000 years and vary from 11 to 18 cm/yr (4.3 to 7.1 in./yr). Surface denudation rates are available for 19 drainage basins on the Rolling Plains and range from 0.50 to 2.97 mm/yr (0.02 to 0.118 in./yr). Under present land use and climatic conditions the erosion and denudation along the Caprock Escarpment and on the Rolling Plains are proceeding at near maximum rates.
Angular Dependence of Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectra. Part III: Linearity of Kubelka-Munk Plots

The linearity of plots of the Kubelka-Munk function against concentration is investigated for weak and strong absorption bands in the spectrum of a typical organic analyte, caffeine. The linear region is extended when measurements are made with an off-axis optical geometry, in comparison to an in-line configuration. For the latter configuration, the linearity is improved when crossed polarizers are placed before and after the sample.
Application-independent reconciliation for nomadic applications

We describe attempts to build an application-independent model to support reconciliation of diverged replicas of shared objects. While replicas are disconnected from one another, actions on the shared objects are recorded in a log. An action is composed of a precondition, an operation and a postcondition. When reconnecting, the system attempts to reconcile the divergent replicas, in several phases. A symbolic phase merges the separate logs, creating one or more schedules, such that preconditions from one log remain true despite the postconditions introduced by the other. Then, a simulation phase checks the possible outcomes by actually applying the schedules to scratch copies of the shared objects. Finally, a selection phase allows users or applications to select one of the candidate schedules.Our approach supports sharing general objects, where one update may reference multiple objects (not just a single file or database). Compared to previous work on log-based reconciliation, our logs capture more semantic information and provide the application with more powerful and finer control over the outcome of reconciliation.
Monograph of the neotropical species of Lomariopsis (Lomariopsidaceae)

This work provides a key, illustrations, descriptions, and distribution maps for the 15 species of neotropicalLomariopsis. In the Neotropics, the genus occurs in southern Florida, the Antilles, and Mexico to Bolivia and southern Brazil. Two groups of species can be recognized on the basis of heteroblastic leaf series: one (the “sorbifolia group”) whose leaves become pinnate when 1–2 cm long, and another (the “japurensis group”) whose leaves become pinnate when 15–40 cm long. Three species in the Antilles are unusual because the rachis apex aborts and the distalmost lateral pinna assumes the terminal position.
The growing importance of ethics to engineers

Ethical standards change with the times, thus guiding the widely different ideals and needs of people into channels beneficial to all. Ethical conduct is the necessary middle road between man's natural inner pressure of selfishness and society's outer pressure for unselfish behavior.
Investigation of slider flying characteristics and frequency response in helium-air gas mixtures

A numerical model for the simulation of slider flying characteristics and frequency response in helium-air gas mixtures has been developed. The dynamic flying characteristics of the slider are obtained by simultaneously solving the Reynolds equation and the slider equilibrium equations. The contact force, friction force and adhesive force at the slider/disk interface are investigated using a slider/disk contact model. Frequency analysis shows that the second pitch mode of the slider is shifted to a higher frequency with an increase in the percentage of helium.
Effect of superconductivity on spin dynamics in (Y1-xREx)Rh4B4☆

Abstract An adiabatic field cycle method has been used to study spin dynamics of RE ions in (Y 1- x RE x )Rh 4 B 4 . Longitudinal dipolar fluctuations of RE moments are found to be the main source of the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time of 11 B. The variation of T 1 in the superconducting state is attributed to the reduction of the electronic spin relaxation time, τ m , which is mainly determined by the RKKY type interaction mediated by the conduction electrons.
Getting the facts straight about gun violence and mental illness: putting compassion before fear

Mental illness has figured prominently in the public dialogue about gun violence. This commentary expresses concern regarding the conflation of mental illness and gun violence—not only in the popul...
Further investigation of the operation of Cd1−xZnxTe pixel array detectors

Abstract In this work we study the spectral performance of Cd 1− x Zn x Te pixel array detectors. The specific effects and relative importance of various detector parameters on spectral response are determined. While bulk material uniformity is still the factor most impacting detector performance, pixel size relative to detector thickness is found to also have a large impact. The localization of the charge induction profile, or weighting potential, leads to a reduction in the importance of hole transport. Thus, pixel geometry is a key design parameter setting spectroscopic performance. Finally, the contact material choice has some effect on performance, in that reductions in leakage current obtained with blocking gold contacts can improve the energy resolution for low photon energies, although the effect is small for small-area pixels.
Energy-efficient topology control for three-dimensional sensor networks

Topology control in sensor networks has been heavily studied recently. Different geometric topologies were proposed to be the underlying network topologies to achieve the sparseness of the communication networks or to guarantee the package delivery of specific routing methods. However, most of the proposed topology control algorithms were only applied to Two-Dimensional (2D) networks where all sensor nodes are distributed in a 2D plane. In practice, the sensor networks are often deployed in 3D space, such as sensor nodes in a forest. This paper seeks to investigate efficient topology control protocols for 3D sensor networks. In our new protocols, we extend several 2D geometric topologies to 3D case, and propose some new 3D Yao-based topologies for sensor networks. We also prove several properties (e.g. bounded degree and constant power stretch factor) for them in 3D space. The simulation results confirm our theoretical proofs for these proposed 3D topologies.
Bringing home the bacon : Marital allocation of income-earning responsibility, job shifts, and men's wages

Three dominant perspectives on the allocation of household responsibilities suggest that married couples are likely to assign more income-earning responsibility to the husband.... Married men are likely to be more attentive to opportunities to increase their earnings and to risks that could reduce their earnings. Using data from the [U.S.] National Longitudinal Survey of Youth this study focuses on mens job-shift processes. Findings indicate that married men are more likely than single men to pursue job-shift patterns that result in greater wage gains and to avoid those that result in lower wage gains and that a portion of the marriage differential in mens wages is attributable to job-shift processes. (EXCERPT)
Pharmacotherapeutic Advances in Cardiac Resuscitation: A Review of the Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) 2000 Guidelines and Their Impact on Pharmacy Practice:

The treatment of sudden cardiac death is a challenging area of pharmacotherapy. Despite decades of medication use, outcomes from the treatment of cardiac arrest remain poor. Recent advances in the treatment of cardiac arrest have been incorporated into the American Heart Association’s Advanced Cardiac Life Support 2000 guidelines. A summary and review of these guidelines are presented. Included in the changes to the cardiac arrest treatment guidelines are new medications (amiodarone and vasopressin), new approaches to using medications and the evidence to support these changes. The implications of instituting these new guidelines and strategies for the implementation of the new paradigm are discussed.
Homeless families: single mothers and their children in Boston shelters.

Homelessness in families seems to result from the combined effects of poverty, violence, and profound deprivation on a person's development and self-esteem. Recent research results indicate that many homeless children are suffering from serious emotional problems.
Stomatal response of mycorrhizal cowpea and soybean to short-term osmotic stress*

SUMMARY Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plants were grown in pots and either inoculated with the vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi, Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith (cowpea) and G. mosseae (Nicol & Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe (soybean), or provided with regular P fertilization (nonVA mycorrhizal plants). When plants were six to ten weeks old, roots were exposed to osmotic stress and stomatal
Low-temperature epitaxial growth of GaAs on (100) silicon substrates

MBE growth of GaAs on (100) silicon has been achieved at low substrate temperatures with and without an initial desorption of the silicon surface. An arsenic overpressure (5 × 10 −8 torr) is necessary for epitaxial growth. The films grown were intrinsic and were twinned in the [110] direction.