cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dieting Habits of Men

There is little research involving the US male population regarding weight control and behavior that may affect weight status. Gender-specific weight-control programs for men aren't the standard. Our study objectives were to survey dieting and health habits of an adult male employee population and to determine if the population would be interested in gender-specific programming. Demographics, weight-control practices and interest in gender-specific weight-control programs were examined cross sectionally. A 50-question web-based survey was posted via email from October 2-30, 2014 to male employees at a Mid-Atlantic university. Statistical analyses included frequencies, means and percentages. Chi square and t tests were conducted. The 254 participants were ages 18-65+ years, predominantly white, college educated with annual incomes above $50,000. Sources of nutrition knowledge ranged from a high of web sites (65 %) to a low of registered dietitians (9 %). Macronutrient restrictions reported for dieting were carbohydrates 77 %, fats 40 % and protein 19 %. The >30 age group was more likely to have: decreased amount of food intake P = .001), reducing overall calories (P = .047), skipping meals (P = .006) or trying commercial programs (P = .011). There was nothing of significance for those <30. Among all respondents, interest in gender-specific programs was compared with these variables: current weight satisfaction (P = .032), education (P = .008), income (P = . 006) and BMI (P = .004). Men who were dissatisfied with their weight were most likely to be interested in a gender-specific weight control program, especially those over age 30 years. Further research should address whether offering male-specific diet programs would offer incentive and motivation for males to lose and maintain weight loss.
Technical Basis for the Use of a Correlated Neutron Source in the Uranium Neutron Coincidence Collar

Active neutron coincidence systems are commonly used by international inspectorates to verify a material balance across the various stages of the nuclear fuel cycle. The Uranium Neutron Coincidence Collar (UNCL) is one such instrument; it is used to measure the linear density of 235U (g 235U/cm of active length in assembly) in fresh light water reactor fuel in nuclear fuel fabrication facilities. The UNCL and other active neutron interrogation detectors have historically relied on americium lithium (241AmLi) sources to induce fission within the sample in question. Californium-252 is under consideration as a possible alternative to the traditional 241AmLi source. This work relied upon a combination of experiments and Monte Carlo simulations to demonstrate the technical basis for the replacement of 241AmLi sources with 252Cf sources by evaluating the statistical uncertainty in the measurements incurred by each source and assessing the penetrability of neutrons from each source for the UNCL.
Technical Note: Dose effects of 1.5 T transverse magnetic field on tissue interfaces in MRI-guided radiotherapy.

Purpose: The integration of MRI with a linear accelerator (MR-linac) offers great potential for high-precision delivery of radiation therapy (RT). However, the electron deflection resulting from the presence of a transverse magnetic field (TMF) can affect the dose distribution, particularly the electron return effect (ERE) at tissue interfaces. The purpose of the study is to investigate the dose effects of ERE at air-tissue and lung-tissue interfaces during intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) planning. Methods: IMRT and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans for representative pancreas, lung, breast, and head and neck (HN) cases were generated following commonly used clinical dose volume (DV) criteria. In each case, three types of plans were generated: (1) the original plan generated without a TMF; (2) the reconstructed plan generated by recalculating the original plan with the presence of a TMF of 1.5 T (no optimization); and (3) the optimized plan generated by a full optimization with TMF = 1.5 T. These plans were compared using a variety of DV parameters, including V 100%, D 95%, DHI [dose heterogeneity index: (D 20%–D 80%)/D prescription], D max, and D 1cc in OARs (organs at risk) and tissue interface. All the optimizations and calculations in this work were performed on static data. Results: The dose recalculation under TMF showed the presence of the 1.5 T TMF can slightly reduce V 100% and D 95% for PTV, with the differences being less than 4% for all but one lung case studied. The TMF results in considerable increases in D max and D 1cc on the skin in all cases, mostly between 10% and 35%. The changes in D max and D 1cc on air cavity walls are dependent upon site, geometry, and size, with changes ranging up to 15%. The VMAT plans lead to much smaller dose effects from ERE compared to fixed-beam IMRT in pancreas case. When the TMF is considered in the plan optimization, the dose effects of the TMF at tissue interfaces (e.g., air-cavity wall, lung-tissue interfaces, skin) are significantly reduced in most cases. Conclusions: The doses on tissue interfaces can be significantly changed by the presence of a TMF during MR-guided RT when the magnetic field is not included in plan optimization. These changes can be substantially reduced or even eliminated during VMAT/IMRT optimization that specifically considers the TMF, without deteriorating overall plan quality.
The contribution of the alternative and classical complement pathways to gonococcal killing and C3 fixation

Properdin deficient (P—) and C2 deficient (C2D) sera were used to provide an unambiguous assessment of the contribution of the classical and the alternative pathways, respectively, to the killing of serum sensitive (SS) gonococci (Gc) and to correlate these results with C3 fixation. Killing was rapid (greater than 80% max in 10 min) and proceeded with identical kinetics in normal human serum (NHS) and P−. Killing in C2D occurred after a 10 min lag but the subsequent rate of killing was similar to that in NHS and P−. This difference was not due to a difference in antibody content among the sera and reconstitution of C2D with purified C2 restored killing to normal. The pattern of C3 fixation mirrored killing, occurring rapidly in NHS and P but slowly in C2D. The relationship between killing and C3 binding differed in the various sera. Twice as much C3 was deposited on Gc in NHS than in P− yet the kinetics and degree of killing were the same in the two sera. More (1.2 ×) C3 was fixed to Gc in C2D (via AP) at 10 min than in NHS at 5 min yet there was 1.5 log more kill in NHS. There was less C3 fixation by serum resistant (SR) than by SS Gc but the pattern of C3 binding was similar. We conclude that: Greater than 99.9% of gonococcal killing and 75% of C3 fixation to gonococci in NHS occurs via the classical pathway. Gonococcal killing and C3 fixation via the alternative pathway occurs following a delay which minimizes the contribution of this pathway to these events in NHS Although complement activation and C3 fixation are necessary for gonococcal killing, a fixed quantitative relationship between killing and C3 fixation was not apparent in the different sera Results obtained with NHS, in which both the classical and alternative pathways are intact, do not reflect an additive contribution of both pathways to either gonococcal killing or C3 fixation More C3 is fixed by serum sensitive than by serum resistant gonococci but the pattern of C3 deposition via the classical and alternative pathways to the two types of organisms is similar
A retrospective analysis of compact fluorescent lamp experience curves and their correlations to deployment programs

Experience curves are useful for understanding technology development and can aid in the design and analysis of market transformation programs. Here, we employ a novel approach to create experience curves, to examine both global and North American compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) data for the years 1990–2007. We move away from the prevailing method of fitting a single, constant, exponential curve to data and instead search for break points where changes in the learning rate may have occurred. Our analysis suggests a learning rate of approximately 21% for the period of 1990–1997, and 51% and 79% in global and North American datasets, respectively, after 1998. We use price data for this analysis; therefore our learning rates encompass developments beyond typical “learning by doing”, including supply chain impacts such as market competition. We examine correlations between North American learning rates and the initiation of new programs, abrupt technological advances, and economic and political events, and find an increased learning rate associated with design advancements and federal standards programs. Our findings support the use of segmented experience curves for retrospective and prospective technology analysis, and may imply that investments in technology programs have contributed to an increase of the CFL learning rate.
Supporting Non-Tenure-Track Faculty Well-Being:

Self-determination theory (SDT) was used to model the relations between environmental supports (i.e., administrative, departmental, personal and family) and well-being (i.e., teaching/service and g...
Overcoming information asymmetry in patent pledge records

There are several informational shortcomings in the way patent pledges are currently made. The default method for pledging, which usually involves a press release, is suboptimal in distributing the underlying open access contained in these pledges. This paper discusses why proper information structuring is the key to unlocking the private ordering frontier for technology transfer. It then explores current research into new patent information technology systems that could aid in multi-party communications.
Stage II Colon Cancer: Towards an Individualized Approach

Like many oncologists, the sight of a stage II colon cancer patient on my schedule draws a sigh. I know the discussion will be long and the concepts confusing even to the statistically literate; and at the end of the day, I will have to leave it up to the patient to make the decision because neither guidelines nor data in the vast majority of the cases clearly point to the correct answer of whether they should or should not receive chemotherapy. The problem is that stage II colon cancer is a wastebasket of likely different cancers biologically with SEER 5-year survival rates ranging from 66 % in stage IIA cancers to 37 % for stage IIC disease [1]. In this chapter, I will present the current state of science for stage II colon cancer with the hopes of allowing the practitioner to better risk stratify patients and thereby select those who are most likely to benefit or not benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. I will conclude with my recommendations for specific cases with the strength of that recommendation based on the science.
Verb Morphology in Egyptian Arabic Developmental Language Impairment

This paper presents an investigation of verb morphology in the spontaneous productions of three preschool Egyptian Arabic- (EA) speaking children with language impairment (LI) and a group of typically developing children. The typological characteristics of Arabic, such as its rich morphology, lack of infinitival form and complex verb system, make it an interesting test case for determining both language specific and universal features of specific language impairment (SLI). The children’s use of both tense and agreement was examined. The group with language impairment had particular problems with verb morphology. Use of default verb forms resembling the imperfective-stem and imperative was a frequent substitution error in the children's language productions. In contrast to previous cross-linguistic observations of SLI, although there was difficulty with subject-verb agreement for gender, number and person, marking for tense and aspect was not found to be as problematic for these children. The findings are examined in the context of cross-linguistic research and theories proposed for error patterns in SLI.
The impact of nonadherence to antiseizure drugs on seizure outcomes in an animal model of epilepsy.

SummaryObjective Nonadherence to prescribed dosing regimens is a significant problem in the treatment of pediatric and adult chronic epilepsy, and can result in severe consequences to patient outcomes. In this first-of-kind preclinical study, the impact of nonadherence on seizure control was studied by simulating human patterns of nonadherence in an animal epilepsy model. Methods In study 1, three different patterns of nonadherence were modeled in newly diagnosed epileptic rats treated with carbamazepine: perfect adherence (100% of pellets contained carbamazepine), variable nonadherence (50% of pellets contained carbamazepine with different dosing patterns between animals), and complete nonadherence (0% of pellets contained carbamazepine). In study 2, a cohort of newly diagnosed epileptic rats were subjected to a “drug holiday” nonadherence paradigm, that is, a 2-week on (100%), 2-week off (0%), and 2-week on (100%) carbamazepine paradigm. Results In the first experiment, the 100% (0.3 ± 0.2 SD convulsive seizures per day) adherent cohort demonstrated better seizure control than either the 0% (1.1 ± 0.8 SD) or 50% (0.8 ± 0.6 SD) adherent cohorts, which had similar levels of seizure control. In the second study, poor seizure control was exhibited during the second 2 weeks; that is, the drug holiday epoch; however, this did not negatively affect restoration of seizure control upon reinstatement of CBZ. Significance The results from this pilot investigation suggest that nonadherence to carbamazepine is associated with significant negative but reversible effects on seizure control in an animal model of epilepsy. Furthermore, these results demonstrate that animal studies of nonadherence can yield potentially important and translatable insights into the consequences of nonadherence on seizure control.
Designing a Microworld for Topological Equivalence

In order to facilitate the development of a model of two children’s topological ideas, I required a tool that could support fundamental topological representations and transformations so that their reasoning could be made visible and further developed. In this article I document the theoretically and conceptually oriented design process through which I developed a microworld for topological equivalence that I used in my teaching experiments. Emphasis is given to key design decisions I arrived at as I aimed to design an exploratory environment that could be used to engage and advance children’s reasoning about topological ideas.
Vascular Reactivity to Phenylephrine Is Reciprocally Regulated by Carbon Monoxide and 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid of Vascular Origin

P107 Carbon monoxide (CO) inhibits CYP-450 enzymes that synthesize 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), an eicosanoid that enhances vascular reactivity to phenylephrine (PE). This study examines the hypothesis that an interaction between CO and 20-HETE of vascular origin regulates the reactivity of rat renal interlobar arteries (ILA) to PE. ILA incubated (1h) in Krebs buffer released CO into the headspace (95±16 pmol/mg) and manufactured 20-HETE (18±2 ng/mg). Chromium mesoporphyrin (CrMP, 30 μM), an inhibitor of heme oxygenase-dependent CO synthesis, reduced (p 50 (0.27±0.03 to 0.12±0.05 μM, p 50 from 0.29±0.01 to 0.07±0.01 μM. Superimposed treatment with exogenous CO (1 μM) shifted back to the right the PE concentration-response curve, increasing the EC 50 to 0.31±0.03 μM (p
Pharynx and Larynx

A 22-year-old hockey player sustains a forearm blow to the neck. He presents with expanding crepitus and some difficulty breathing. You are concerned that he has a laryngotracheal partial transection. The patient remains alert and is talking. Which of the following is the airway management of choice in this acute setting? (A) Transnasal-translaryngeal endotracheal intubation (B) Surgical cricothyroidotomy (C) Needle cricothyroidotomy (D) Tracheostomy (E) Face mask
Interferometric thermal hyperspectral imagers for air and space applications

Fourier Transform Spectroscopy is a venerable technology for obtain thermal hyperspectral imaging data. A relatively new type of interferometric sensor that employs no moving parts has been developed for obtaining thermal HSI data from aircraft and from space and examples of airborne data and the space sensor design are presented.
Long-acting opioid initiation in US nursing homes.

PURPOSE To estimate the proportion of residents newly initiating long-acting opioids in comparison to residents initiating short-acting opioids and examine variation in long-acting opioid initiation by region and resident characteristics. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 182 735 long-stay nursing home residents in 13 881 US nursing homes who were Medicare beneficiaries during 2011 to 2013 and initiated a short-acting or long-acting opioid (excluding residents <50 years old, those with cancer, or receiving hospice care). Medicare Part D prescription claims were used to identify residents as newly initiating short-acting or long-acting opioids, defined as having a prescription claim for an opioid with no prior opioid prescriptions in the preceding 60 days. We estimated the overall proportion of initiators prescribed long-acting opioids. Regional variation was examined by mapping results by state and hospital referral regions. Logistic models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Two percent of opioid initiators were prescribed long-acting opioids. State variation in long-acting opioid initiation ranged from 0.6% to 7.5% (5th-95th percentiles: 0.6-6.4%). Resident characteristics associated with increased long-acting opioid initiation included severe physical limitations (vs none/mild limitations; aOR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.92-2.37) and pain (staff-assessed vs no pain; aOR: 1.59 95% CI: 1.40-1.80), whereas being non-White was inversely associated (non-Hispanic black vs non-Hispanic white; aOR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.62-0.79). CONCLUSION United States nursing home residents predominantly initiate short-acting opioids in accordance with Center for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. Documented variation by geographic and resident characteristics suggests that improvements are possible.
An Integrative Temporal Framework for Psychological Resilience

Human beings are resilient and defined by a capacity for psychological and functional adaptation in the face of potential trauma and adversity. We present an integrative temporal framework that conceptualizes resilience as a dynamic process that unfolds over time and consists of the following four key elements: (a) baseline or pre-adversity functioning, (b) the actual aversive circumstances, (c) post-adversity resilient outcomes, and (d) predictors of resilient outcomes. In this way, the integrative framework offers a comprehensive synthesis of the growing body of research on resilience.
Marijuana Legalization: Implications for Property/Casualty Insurance

An increasing number of states have legalized marijuana for recreational use. Though marijuana is still illegal at the Federal level, the administration will not seek to enforce the law in states that have legalized its use, consistent with a majority of Americans who indicate that they do not want Federal resources used to arrest and convict marijuana smokers in states that have legalized the substance (Ferner, 2012). With the legalization of marijuana comes interesting implications for the property and casualty industry. This paper presents the current status of marijuana’s legality, addresses coverage issues that have been litigated, and analyzes the various standard insurance forms on today’s market for coverage implications. Finally, areas for future research are presented.
Liquid-metal-cooled reactor thermal-hydraulic calculations in the United States

A wide range of thermal-hydraulic computer codes has been developed by various organizations in the United States. These codes cover an extensive range of purposes from within-assembly-wise pin temperature calculations to plantwide transient analysis. The codes are used for static analysis, analysis of protected anticipated transients, and analysis of unprotected transients for the more recent liquid-metal-cooled reactor designs. Some of these codes are plant specific; others are more general and can be applied to a number of plants or designs.
25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration and Sleep Duration and Continuity: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To determine the associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration with sleep continuity, quality, and symptoms, and to explore race/ethnic variation. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). PARTICIPANTS There were 1,721 adults. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Sleep outcomes were measured by polysomnography, actigraphy, and questionnaires. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was expressed by clinical thresholds (< 20, 20-29, ≥ 30 ng/mL) and continuously. Using linear regression, we determined the associations between 25(OH)D concentration and sleep duration, efficiency, and symptoms, and assessed race/ethnic variation. Mean age was 68.2 ± 9.1 y, and 37.2% were white, 27.7% African American, 11.9% Chinese Americans, and 23.2% Hispanic. Mean 25(OH)D concentration was 25.4 ± 10.5 ng/mL. 25(OH)D deficient participants had the shortest sleep duration, lowest sleep efficiency, and highest sleepiness scores. After adjusting for demographics, obesity, and health habits, deficient individuals slept an average of 13.0 min (95% confidence interval, -22.8, -3.2) shorter than sufficient individuals. Race/ethnic-stratified analyses indicated that the strongest associations were in African Americans, in whom adjusted sleep duration was 25.6 ± 11.7 min shorter in deficient versus sufficient individuals (P = 0.04), and in Chinese Americans, adjusted apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was 7.5 ± 3.3 events/h higher in deficient versus sufficient individuals. CONCLUSION Overall, there were modest associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and sleep traits. However, race-stratified analyses suggested the association between 25(OH)D concentration and sleep traits varied by race/ethnicity. Vitamin D deficiency was most strongly associated with short sleep duration in African Americans and with elevated apnea-hypopnea index in Chinese Americans, suggesting that race/ethnicity may modify these associations.
Energy-Based Feedback Control for Stochastic Dynamical Systems

In this paper, we develop an energy-based static and dynamic control framework for stochastic port-controlled Hamiltonian systems. In particular, we obtain constructive sufficient conditions for stochastic feedback stabilization that provide a shaped energy function for the closed-loop system while preserving a Hamiltonian structure at the closed-loop level. In the dynamic control case, energy shaping is achieved by combining the physical energy of the plant and the emulated energy of the controller.
Clash Relevance Prediction Based on Machine Learning

AbstractBuilding information modeling (BIM) has been widely used for clash detection, which has greatly improved the coordination efficiency among multiple disciplines in construction projects. How...
Complex Adaptive Leadership for Organization and Human Development

Complex Adaptive Leadership offers ways to shift the focus of practice to one that reflects, embraces multiple points of view, and changes in response to new knowledge and data. From a societal perspective, complex adaptive leadership provides organizations with the opportunity to grapple with the most significant and persistent problems of our time and potentially achieve real change. The paper explores complexity theory in more detail and its influence on social systems using gender bias and terrorism as examples. Using the Human Security Framework as a complex adaptive leadership approach in addressing Wicked Problems, this paper describes the Human Security dimensions to understand the wicked problems in which 21st-century organizations grapple with and the type of organizational leadership needed to confront these challenges.
Modes and Mechanisms of Game-Like Interventions in Computer Tutors

Educational games intend to make learning more enjoyable, but potentially compromise learning by consuming both instructional time and student cognitive resources. Therefore, instead of creating an educational game, we are exploring different ways of integrating game-like elements in a computer tutor. We are experimenting with cognitive, metacognitive and affective modes of such game-like interventions. We are also exploring causal mechanisms of how different interventions lead to the desired learning outcomes.
Geely Versus Ford: Threat from an Emerging Market Multinational to a Market Leader

“This country cannot get knocked-out in one punch. We get right back up again. And when we do, the world is going to hear the roar of our engines” asserted Hollywood hero, Clint Eastwood, in a reassuring commercial, sponsored by Chrysler during the 2012 Super Bowl half-time. Two years later, Chrysler would be acquired by Fiat, an Italian automobile manufacturer. The American BIG THREE (General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler) were now the BIG TWO (GM and Ford). Looking back in the rearview mirror, Tesla (est. 2003 in Silicon Valley) had delivered its first model in 2008, the year of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and GM had gone bankrupt in 2009, only to rise again through its 2010 Initial Public Offering. 2010 also marked the time when China passed the US to become the largest auto market in the world and the Geely Automobile Holdings Ltd. (China) [Geely] strategically ventured outside of its home market by acquiring Volvo cars (Sweden) from Ford. Fast-forwarding to 2017, Geely, bought a controlling stake of 51 per cent in Lotus (UK). Then, a few months later, Geely acquired a US$3 billion stake in truckmaker AB Volvo and took a 10 per cent stake in Daimler (Germany), worth US$9 billion, to become its largest shareholder, as of February 2018. Six months later, at the end of August 2018, Jim Hackett, who had been the Chief Executive Officer of Ford for 15 months, was now faced with a strategic challenge: assessing the level of threat that Geely posed and how to respond to it, if he decided to do so. Would Geely’s February 2018 move endanger Ford’s market position in the US, in China (Ford’s largest foreign market), or both?
Assessing the accuracy of survey reports of health insurance coverage using enrollment data.

Objective To measure the accuracy of survey-reported data on features and type of health insurance coverage. Data source Enrollment records from a private insurer were used as sample for primary survey data collection in spring of 2015 using the Current Population Survey health insurance module. Study design A reverse record check study where households with individuals enrolled in a range of public and private health insurance plans (including the marketplace) were administered a telephone survey that included questions about general source of coverage (eg, employer), program name (eg, Medicaid), portal, premium, and subsidies. Data collection/extraction methods Survey data were matched back to enrollment records, which indicated coverage status at the time of the survey. Concordance between the records and survey data was assessed. Principal findings Correct reporting of general source of coverage ranged from 77.8 percent to 98.3 percent across coverage type, premium ranged from 91.6 percent to 96.4 percent, and subsidy ranged from 83.0 percent to 91.0 percent. Using a conceptual algorithm to categorize coverage type resulted in sensitivity of 98.3 percent for employer-sponsored enrollees, and 70.6 percent-77.6 percent for the other coverage types, while specificity ranged from 93.9 percent to 99.4 percent across coverage types. Conclusions Survey reports of features of coverage suggest they are viable items to include in an algorithm to categorize coverage type. Findings have implications beyond the CPS, particularly for marketplace enrollees.
Conwy Lloyd Morgan, Methodology, and the Origins of Comparative Psychology.

The British biologist, philosopher, and psychologist Conwy Lloyd Morgan is widely regarded as one of the founders of comparative psychology. He is especially well known for his eponymous canon, which aimed to provide a rule for the interpretation of mind from behavior. Emphasizing the importance of the context in which Morgan was working—one in which casual observations of animal behavior could be found in Nature magazine every week and psychology itself was fighting for scientific legitimacy—I provide an account of Morgan’s vision for the comparative psychologist qua professional psychologist. To this end, I explore the important connection between Morgan and the evolutionary theorist, philosopher, and psychologist Herbert Spencer. It is from Spencer, I contend, that Morgan inherited a number of his key epistemological and methodological concerns about the nascent science of comparative psychology. This extends all the way to the canon, which only works as intended when paired with a Spencerian understanding of mental evolution as a progressive linear sequence. Far from being an incidental residue of a pre-Darwinian time, hierarchy was intentionally built into the very core of Morgan’s scientific comparative psychology.
1886. N1,N12-Diacetylspermine as Potential Urinary Biomarker to Monitor Treatment Response and Bacterial Load in Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Background Adequate control of the global tuberculosis (TB) burden is limited by a lack of accurate measures of treatment efficacy. Current gold standard relies on sputum cultures, which often lag weeks behind time of sample collection. Previous studies have identified urinary N1,N12-diacetylspermine (DiAcSpm) as a potential biomarker of active pulmonary TB (ATB). We aimed to quantify urinary DiAcSpm in participants being treated for ATB and identify its relationship to treatment response.
Predicting Longitudinal User Activity at Fine Time Granularity in Online Collaborative Platforms

This paper introduces a decomposition approach to address the problem of predicting different user activities at hour granularity over a long period of time. Our approach involves two steps. First, we used a temporal neural network ensemble to predict the number of each type of activity that occurred in a day. Second, we used a set of neural networks to assign the events to a user-repository pair in a particular hour. We focused this work on a subset of the public GitHub dataset that records the activities of over 2 million users on over 400,000 software repositories. Our experiments show we were able to predict hourly user-repo activity with reasonably low error. Our simulations are accurate for 1–3 weeks (168–504 hours) after inception, with accuracy gradually falling off. It was shown that activity on Twitter and Reddit increases the accuracy of activity prediction on GitHub for most events.
Effect of microstructure on the optical properties of sputtered iridium thin films

The refractory metal iridium has many applications in high performance optical devices due to its high reflectivity into X-ray frequencies, low oxidation rate, and high melting point. Depositing Ir via magnetron sputtering produces high quality thin films, but the chamber pressure and sputter conditions can change Ir film microstructure on the nanoscale. Film microstructure is commonly examined through microscopy of film cross-sections, which is both a destructive characterization method and time consuming. In this work, we have utilized a non-destructive characterization technique, spectroscopic ellipsometry, to correlate the optical properties of the metal films with their structural morphologies, enabling large-scale inspection of optical components or the ability to customize the metal refractive index for the application at hand. The optical properties of Ir thin films deposited at chamber pressures from 10 mTorr to 25 mTorr are reported and compared to microscopy and resistivity results. The measurements were conducted with films deposited both on a bare wafer and on a titanium sublayer.
EPS: Automated Feature Selection in Case-Control Studies using Extreme Pseudo-Sampling.

SUMMARY Finding informative predictive features in high dimensional biological case-control datasets is challenging. The Extreme Pseudo-Sampling (EPS) algorithm offers a solution to the challenge of feature selection via a combination of deep learning and linear regression models. First, using a variational autoencoder, it generates complex latent representations for the samples. Second, it classifies the latent representations of cases and controls via logistic regression. Third, it generates new samples (pseudo-samples) around the extreme cases and controls in the regression model. Finally, it trains a new regression model over the upsampled space. The most significant variables in this regression are selected. We present an open-source implementation of the algorithm that is easy to set up, use, and customize. Our package enhances the original algorithm by providing new features and customizability for data preparation, model training and classification functionalities. We believe the new features will enable the adoption of the algorithm for a diverse range of datasets. AVAILABILITY The software package for Python is available online at https://github.com/roohy/eps.
Knee Arthroscopy Prior to Revision TKA Is Associated with Increased Re-Revision for Stiffness.

This is an experimental study. As knee arthroscopy may be used as a suitable temporizing alternative prior to revision surgery, knee arthroscopy potentially may be a risk factor for subsequent adverse outcomes after revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of prior knee arthroscopy on outcomes of subsequent TKA revision surgery. We identified 1,689 consecutive patients who underwent revision TKA: (1) patients with no prior knee arthroscopy (n = 1,549) and (2) patients with knee arthroscopy prior to revision TKA (n = 140). A control group of matched revision TKA patients who did not undergo prior knee arthroscopy was identified (700 patients), using one-to-five matching. Matched patients with prior knee arthroscopy demonstrated an increased likelihood of requiring re-revision (odds ratio [OR], 2.06, p
Global analysis of CHD2OH(methanolD2) in the torsional ground state: Gauche-to gauche transitions and severe perturbation of highly excited torsional vibrational states and ΔK=0 and 2 forbidden transitions

Abstract In this work, a global analysis of all possible transitions in the first three internal rotational – vibrational- rotational states in the ground vibrational state ( e 0 , o 1 , a n d e 1 ) of doubly deuterated asymmetric species of methanol ( C H D 2 O H ) has been performed. A total of about 15,000 spectral lines have been included in the analyses. The data included about 1200 microwave and millimeter-wave transition lines from low lying energy levels, and about 13,000 precisely obtained far infra-red (FIR) spectral lines obtained using the high-resolution Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer at the University of Giessen and later using the Synchrotron radiation-based spectrometer at the Canadian light Sources. The estimated precision of the FIR line positions obtained is on the order of ± 0.0004 c m - 1 . Excellent signal/noise ratio allowed quite weak features to be easily detected. The studied transitions span the axial rotational quantum numbers (K) ranging from 0 to 15 for all three symmetry species. In most cases, the sub-bands series could be followed up to a rotational quantum number (J) of about 35. The analysis yielded the basic molecular parameters and state-dependent molecular coefficients. The work has been extended to higher energy torsionally excited transitions highly perturbed by interaction with nearby states. These resulted in the identification of b-type and c-type “forbidden transitions” with Δ K = 0 and + 2 origination from intensity borrowing effects. For the economy of space, only the essential data have been included in the text and the rest are included in Appendices (Ia and 1b) as depository and can be had from the author on request via email.
A Foreword from the Editor-in-Chief

I am pleased to present the inaugural issue of “Journal of Human Physiology”: a peer-reviewed, open access academic journal of an innovative kind, which addresses the broad scope for outstanding achievements of the world's leading academic and practicing professionals in the field of human physiology. In connection with this, Journal will broadly focus on physiology, with particular emphasis on man with many aspects such as fertility, heredity, ageing and aging process, metabolism and mechanism involves in pathophysiology and environment and the adaptations. The Journal is dedicated to publish quality of article focused on innovative ideas, methodologies, and latest developments in the field of physiology, biology and disease in human.
A Matter of Facts: The Value of Evidence in an Information Age. By Laura A. Millar. [Review]

To refer to Laura Millar’s A Matter of Facts: The Value of Evidence in an Information Age as timely is both an understatement and inaccurate. It is an understatement because, as of this writing, the COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as not only the most disruptive event across the globe in generations, but has also been subject to the worst excesses of the epistemic crisis that Millar details throughout the book. Perhaps now more than ever, facts, evidence, and the truths they support are urgently needed—they are a matter of life and death—but yet they are constantly subjugated to selective incredulity, confirmation bias, and political expediency. The reference to A Matter of Facts as timely is also inaccurate, not through the fault of the author’s straightforward approach or concise handling of the subject matter, but because any single work cannot possibly account for the depth of the problem of misinformation or anticipate the rate at which it has evolved and embedded itself into our social fabric in such short order. Certainly, Millar is aware of the intractable yet fluid nature of the current situation, and the developments in just the year or so since the book was published could very well provide a tremendous amount of cautionary fodder for an expanded edition at a later date.
OPTIMAL AND ADAPTIVE DESIGN OF RECONSTRUCTIVE GRANULOMETRIC FILTERS

The present paper provides a brief overview of the optimization and adaptive theories of reconstructive binary granulometric filters. When the generating sets of a Euclidean granulometry are compact and convex, the granulometry represents a parameterized family of-openings, each being a union of openings with structuring elements scalar multiplied by t > 0. The concept is generalized to a multivariate granulometry by allowing each structuring element to be parameterized by a vector, thereby generating a family of-openings parameterized by the vectors. Each such multivariate granulometry induces a reconstructive multivariate granulometry defined by passing each connected component of an image that is not eliminated by the original granulometry and not passing each connected component that is fully eliminated. Given ideal and observed (corrupted) random sets, the optimization problem for image restoration by multivariate reconstructive gran-ulometries is find to a value of the parameter vector that minimizes the expected error (expected symmetric-difference area) between the ideal and the filtered observation. The corresponding adaptive filter problem is to allow the parameter vector to transition during a scanning process in such a way as to produce desired results and to study the steady-state properties of the multi-dimensional Markov chain defined by the state space of the now random parameter vector. A second approach to granulometric filtering is to decompose an image by means of the spectral components produced by the granulometry and then pass some subfamily of the spectral components. Given ideal and observed image processes, the optimization for these bandpass filters is to pass spectral components in a manner that minimizes restoration error. One can also proceed adaptively by allowing the parameters defining the passbands to adapt, thereby producing a multi-dimensional state space for a Markov chain whose steady-state properties characterize adaptivity. These four optimization and adaptation problems are discussed in the present paper, with emphasis how they yield filters for restoration in the signal-union-noise model.
Work Incentives Planning and Assistance Program: Current program results document the program's ability to improve employment outcomes, reduce dependence on benefits,and generate cost savings for SSA

In recent years the demand for Social Security benefits have increased while its resources stay the same. Persons who are disabled are among the more impacted Social Security beneficiaries. There are effective state and federally based Work Incentive Programs that can alleviate this burden and better assist disabled persons. Several studies examining Work Incentive programs are reviewed and recommendations based on their findings are given. This testimony was delivered to the United States House of Representatives, Ways and Means Committee, Subcommittees on Social Security and Human Resources.
Exercise down-regulates hepatic lipogenic enzymes in food-deprived and refed rats

The effects of an acute bout of prolonged exercise on the activities of several hepatic lipogenic enzymes and the abundance of fatty acid synthase (FAS) mRNA were evaluated using a food deprivation-refeeding protocol in which diets contained 50% of the energy from either fructose or cornstarch. Food was withheld from male rats for 48 h and refed for 0, 4, 8, 12, 24 or 48 h. At each time point, half of each dietary group was subjected to a single bout of treadmill running until exhaustion and killed immediately. The other half of each group rested without food for the same amount of time before being killed. Exercise significantly decreased FAS activity by 57, 46, 10, 26 and 70% at 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h of refeeding, respectively, in the fructose-fed rats; and by 70 and 63% at 24 and 48 h of refeeding, respectively, in the cornstarch-fed rats. Activities of L-type pyruvate kinase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase were significantly decreased after exercise in the fructose-fed, but not cornstarch-fed rats. In rested rats, FAS mRNA abundance increased approximately fourfold above the unfed levels after 8 and 12 h of refeeding. Exercise attenuated the diet-induced increases in FAS mRNA abundance. At 8 h of refeeding, both cornstarch- and fructose-fed exercised rats had 71% (P < 0.05) of the FAS mRNA levels of their rested counterparts; at 12 h, these exercised rats showed only 46 and 27% (P < 0.05) of FAS mRNA levels compared with rested rats fed the same diet. We conclude that dietary induction of FAS activity and mRNA abundance can be inhibited by prolonged exercise, suggesting that exercise may influence FAS transcription and/or mRNA stability.
Maslow, Abraham H

Abraham H. Maslow was a principal founder of the American School of Humanistic Psychology. His publication describing a theory of motivation with its depiction of a hierarchy of needs became one of his most widelycited contributions and is known in many areas outside of psychology. Although the influence of the humanistic school has waned somewhat in recent years, Maslow's influence is still felt in the contemporary positive psychology movement. Keywords: humanistic psychology; hierarchy of needs; self-actualization
Biologic Sex as a Risk Factor for Helicobacter pylori Infection in Healthy Young Adults

Diseases associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, such as peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer, afflict men more frequently than women. No study, however, has demonstrated any difference in sex-specific rates of H. pylori infection. In a healthy population undergoing multiphasic health evaluations in 1992-1993 as members of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program of Northern California, adults aged 20-39 years were screened for antibodies to H. pylori infection using a serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and were surveyed with regard to their demographic characteristics and health practices. Among 556 African-American, Hispanic, and white men and women, male sex was a significant risk factor for infection. Other risk factors included African-American race and Hispanic ethnicity, increasing age, living with children, birth in a developing country, and lower levels of income and education. Men consistently had a higher prevalence of antibodies across all strata of race/ethnicity, age, education, and income, and in multivariate analysis male sex remained significantly associated with infection (odds ratio = 2.0, 95% confidence interval 1.2-3.1). African-American race, Hispanic ethnicity, increasing age, lower levels of education, and birth in a developing country were also associated with infection in multivariate analysis. Data from previously reported seroprevalence studies support a tendency for men to have a higher risk of infection. The higher prevalence of infection among young males as observed in Northern California may account in part for the increased incidence of H. pylori-related diseases among men in later decades of life.
Redox pathways in DNA oxidation: kinetic studies of guanine and sugar oxidation by para-substituted derivatives of oxoruthenium(IV).

The oxidation of nucleotides and DNA by a series of complexes based on Ru(tpy)(bpy)O2+ (1) was investigated (tpy = 2,2‘:6‘,2‘ ‘-terpyridine; bpy = 2,2‘-bipyridine). These complexes were substituted...
One size does not fit all

Nonprofit Trusteeship in Different Contexts, by Rikki Abzug and Jeffrey S. Simonoff. Hampshire, U.K.: Ashgate Publishing, 2004. 168 pp., $89.95 cloth.
Effects of temperature on carbon fixation and carbon budget partitioning in the zooxanthellal symbiosis of Aiptasia pallida (Verrill)

Abstract Effects of temperature on carbon fixation rates and partitioning between Aiptasia pallida (Verrill) and its symbiotic alga Symbiodinium microadriaticum Freudenthal were examined by 14C incubation studies. Total fixation varied strongly with temperature, with an optimum of 32 °C. More photosynthate was translocated to the host at 12 °C (82%) than at 27 °C (63%). Partitioning among three fractions (alcohol soluble, ether soluble, and alcohol/ether insoluble) varied with temperature in Aiptasia pallida, but not in the alga. Relative partitioning between host and alga increased with time in favor of A. pallida when maintained at 12 °C, but absolute levels of translocation to the host did not change; however, photosynthate retention by the alga did decline substantially. Total fixation declined by ≈ 80% after 10 days at 12 °C. Turnover rates of fixed carbon also varied with temperature, as determined by pulse-chase studies, and the effect varied for the different fractions. These results suggest that zooxanthellae are less thermally adaptable than their hosts, and may be especially susceptible to low temperatures. Thermal effects on biochemical partitioning may have great importance in relation to growth and reproduction of animal hosts of zooxanthellae and the viability of the symbiotic relationship. These effects, combined with the pronounced effect of temperature on total photosynthate production, probably play a major role in limitation of zooxanthellal symbioses to warm waters.