cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Direct-Entry, Aerobraking, and Lifting Aerocapture for Human-Rated Lunar Return Vehicles

A comparison of 4 reentry configurations for human-rated lunar return is presented. These configurations are: an HL-20-derived lifting body configuration, a flattened bi-conic with trim flaps, an Apollo-derived capsule modified for volumetric efficiency, and the modified-Apollo capsule with trim flaps. The study employs an existing aerodynamic database for the HL-20. The biconic and capsule aerodynamic databases were generated using hypersonic incidence angle analysis tools with a viscous skin-drag correction. A comparative reentry performance analysis is performed using 8 metrics – volumetric efficiency, peak deceleration during reentry, peak dynamic pressure during reentry, available downrange during reentry, available cross range during reentry, handling qualities and controllability, stagnation point heating rates and temperatures, and technology readiness level. These metrics allow configuration performances to be objectively compared. Lunar return trajectories were analyzed using an interactive trajectory simulation tool. Surprisingly, the trade study concludes that while the capsule configuration with no trim flap is limited in operational capability; the capsule with the trim flap provides operational flexibility equivalent to the HL-20 and superior to the flattened bi-conic. Additionally, the trim-flap capsule has the ability to perform a direct reentry without active control, and is preferred for both nominal and emergency lunar returns.
A Report of Two Cases of Sacral Agenesis

Two cases of Sacral Agenesis, which is a rare deformation and is included in Caudal Regression Syndrome, were reported. The first case, 7 years old girl, has short trunk, tiny underdeveloped pelvis, dorsal prominence of the lowest vertebra and telescoping back which seems to be caused by spino-pelvic instability and flexible lumbar scoliosis. The second case, 4 years old girl, also has a short trunk, severe contracture of the lower extremities and progressive congenital scoliosis.
Application of Shangzhuang Sluice Automation System in Beijing Daoxianghu Scenic Area

This article describes the the structural characteristics,functions and configuration of the major equipment of the sluice monitoring system,water quality monitoring system and distribution system of the Shangzhuang sluice automation system,as well as the treatment of the site problems met in the project.By use of the communications network technology,computer technology and a variety of advanced monitoring equipment,the water information,water quality information and work conditions information at the sluice can be combined,and unified management and scheduling can be achieved.The system can also provide reference for the follow-up projects and other similar projects.
Establishment and Evaluation of the Routine Immunization Reaction Reporting System in Jiangsu Province

In order to know the occurrence of adverse reactions after vaccination for providing a scientific evaluating of the EPI strategy,we established the routine immunization reaction monthly reporting system in Jiangsu Province.The results showed that 273 adverse reactions were reported in 2002,69.96% of them occurred in April and May,the major clinical symptoms were systemic hypersensitive rash and the local reactions,they were 51.28% and 16.48% of the total reported reactions respectively.Of 29 kinds of vaccines used,13 of them induced immunization reactions,especially the hamster kidney cell prepared Japanese encephalitis inactivated vaccine(70.32%)and the DPT(20.14%).We suggest to take a comprehensive preventive measure to ensure the safe injection.
Subaortic obstruction in hearts with a univentricular connection to a dominant left ventricle and an anterior subaortic outlet chamber. Results of a staged approach.

In 1984 we reported a 56 % mortality after major cardiac operations for patients with univentricular connection to a dominant left ventricle, an anterior subaortic outlet chamber, and subaortic obstruction. Since then we have adopted a staged approach to this repair. Between 1984 and 1989 32 patients had such operations. The overall mortality has decreased (16%; p horac C ardiovasc S urg 1992; 104:1231-7)
A comparison of blood and crystalloid cardioplegia during heart transplantation after 5 hours of cold storage.

Four methods of protecting the heart during implantation were compared. All hearts were arrested in situ by perfusing 4° C cardioplegic solution into the aortic root and were stored by a nonperfused cold storage technique for 5 hours at 4° C. The hearts were then transplanted orthotopically with the use of topical iced slush alone or with infusions of either blood cardioplegic solution or one of two crystalloid cardioplegic solutions after each atrial anastomosis. Five dog hearts were included in each group. Biopsy samples to test for adenylates were taken before the arrest, at the end of storage, before cross-clamp removal, and 3.5 hours after cross-clamp removal. The dogs were removed from cardiopulmonary bypass, and with the chest open, left ventricular function curves were measured at 1, 2, and 3 hours after cross-clamp removal. At 3.5 hours of reperfusion time, a full-width section was obtained from the left ventricle for measurement of tissue sodium and water content No differences in tissue water, sodium, or potassium content were found among the groups. Left ventricular function was significantly better in the blood cardioplegia group than in any other groups. Adenosine triphosphate levels were significantly reduced 3.5 hours after reperfusion in the crystalloid cardioplegia groups but were not significantly depressed at any other measurement time. Excellent early graft function was observed after crystalloid cardioplegic arrest and blood cardioplegic reperfusion during graft implantation.
Systematic Mapping of Nephroureterectomy Specimens Removed for Urothelial Cancer: Pathological Findings and Clinical Correlations

The nature and extent of mucosal alterations in 30 consecutive surgical specimens removed for urothelial neoplasia were evaluated by systematic mapping. The findings correlated with pertinent pathological, cytological and clinical data. Generally, the grade of the principal neoplasm paralleled the degree of epithelial disturbance in the grossly normal urothelium, high grade carcinomas being associated consistently with severe changes and low grade cancers with hyperplasia only. Cytological studies reflected accurately the grade of the principal neoplasm, and the presence of concomitant contiguous and remote mucosal abnormalities.
Drug therapy of breast carcinoma

Progress in the systemic therapy of breast cancer, especially in the adjuvant situation, based on systematically performed clinical trials, represents a paradigm for applied clinical research in general and in particular for oncology. This survey will present detailed indications for the evidence-based use of chemotherapy and hormone therapy in breast cancer, based on the relevant prognostic and predictive factors available. Drugs, both conventional and still under investigation, as well as therapeutic strategies will be reviewed with respect to their use in the adjuvant and the palliative situation. Explicit distinction will be made between standard therapies on the one side and expected new developments on the other side. Therapeutic details, general therapeutic guidelines as well as critical appraisals of recent developments such as high-dose chemotherapy or chemoprevention will be considered.
Beyond Boys' Bad Behavior: Paternal Incarceration and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

A growing number of American school-aged children have incarcerated or formally incarcerated parents necessitating a more comprehensive understanding of the intergenerational effects of mass imprisonment. Using the Fragile Families Study, I assess whether having an incarcerated father impacts children's cognitive skill development into middle childhood. While previous studies have primarily found effects for boys' behavior problems, matching models and sensitivity analyses demonstrate that experiencing paternal incarceration by age 9 is associated with lower cognitive skills for both boys and girls and these negative effects hold net of a pre-paternal incarceration measure of child cognitive ability. Moreover, I estimate that paternal incarceration explains between 2 and 15 percent of the Black-White achievement gap at age 9. These findings represent new outcomes of importance and suggest that paternal incarceration may play an even larger role in the production of intergenerational inequalities for American children than previously documented.
WATER-BORN COATINGS

The driving force for the development of water-borne coatings has been environmental (that is, the lowering of volatile organic components in the traditional alkyd paints and the apparent limitations in achieving these goals with high solids coatings). This chapter begins by reviewing the synthetic aspects related to the development of water-borne coatings. Water-based dispersion stability is then discussed in terms of the influence of surface stabilizers. Synthetic polymer coatings originally are applied from organic solvents. Solution viscosities, at a given concentration, are proportional to the polymer's molecular weight. Film properties, such as tensile strength and toughness are also proportional to the polymer's molecular weight. Therefore, to obtain the low viscosities needed for the application of a coating, the concentration of the polymeric resin was necessarily low, and the organic solvent, Volatile Organic Component (VOC), emitted to the atmosphere is high. The chapter reviews prior art on particle coalescence and film formation of latex particles, and in the latter part of the chapter, the particle coalescence of step-growth oligomer dispersions is discussed.
Failure pressures and drag reduction benefits of superhydrophobic wire screens

Abstract This work presents a detailed study on the failure pressure of spray-coated superhydrophobic wire screens in terms of their geometric and wetting properties. Such information is needed in designing fluid–fluid or fluid–air separation/barrier media as well as drag reducing and self-cleaning surfaces, amongst many others. Good agreement has been observed between the results of our numerical simulations and the experimental data for failure pressure. In addition, the wetted area of the screens was calculated and used to predict their drag reduction benefits when used in a Couette flow configuration under different operating pressures. Interestingly, it was found that operating pressure in the Couette configuration does not significantly affect the drag reducing effects of the screens.
Equivalence of the King and Norton–Bannister Theories of Dipole Radiation Over Ground With Extensions to Plasmonics

The approximate solutions of King and Norton—the latter as extended by Bannister—for the problem of a vertical Hertzian dipole radiating over a lossy ground are compared and their equivalence is established.
Substrate Effects on Growth of MoS 2 Film by Laser Physical Vapor Deposition on Sapphire, Si and Graphene (on Cu)

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) films were deposited on sapphire (0001), Si (001) and graphene on Cu by laser physical vapor deposition at 600°C for different time periods to achieve control of thickness. MoS2 film was found to grow on all the substrates in the (0002) orientation. Films are found to be S-deficient and a free Mo peak was observed in the x-ray diffraction. Raman spectroscopy showed the characteristic peaks of MoS2 film with decreasing separation between the A1g and E 2g 1 peaks for a shorter time of deposition or smaller thickness of the film. MoS2 films on sapphire substrate showed additional peaks due to MoO3 and Mo4O11 phases. Films on Si substrate and graphene on Cu contained only the characteristic peaks. MoS2 films on graphene suppressed the graphene peak as a result of large fluorescence background in the Raman spectrum. Interfacial effects and the presence of an oxygen impurity are considered responsible for the large fluorescence background in the Raman spectrum. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated substrate interaction with the films on sapphire and Si. Coverage of the film on the substrates is uniform with uniform distribution of the Mo and S as evidenced from the x-ray maps. Atomic force microscopy image revealed the surface of the film on sapphire to be very smooth. Electrical conductance measurements showed the MoS2 film on sapphire is semiconducting but with much lower activation energy compared to the bandgap. The presence of excess Mo in the film is considered responsible for the lower activation energy.
Modeling Breaking Ship Waves for Design and Analysis of Naval Vessels

One of the remaining challenges involved in modern naval ship design and analysis is to account for the effects of breaking waves, spray and air entrainment on the performance and non-acoustical signature of a surface ship. The near field flow about a surface ship is characterized by complex physical processes such as: (i) spray sheet and jet formation; (ii) strong free-surface turbulence interactions with (large-amplitude) breaking waves; (iii) air entrainment and bubble generation; and (iv) post-breaking turbulence and dissipation. The challenges associated with this task are twofold. The first is robustly simulating the large-scale problem which involves the flow about an entire surface ship. The second is the development of physics-based closure models for steep breaking waves in the presence of turbulence. To wit, a two-pronged approach consisting of developing an understanding for closure model development and applying cutting-edge computational capabilities has been developed to accurately simulate the free-surface flow around naval combatants. Using high-resolution direct numerical simulation of the Navier-Stokes equations employing the level set method, we have successfully simulated an ensemble of unsteady breaking waves at Reynolds numbers O(103-4 ). This includes steady and unsteady as well as spilling and plunging events. This dataset is continually being improved upon in terms of depth and breadth as a direct result of this Challenge Project. The goal of this core research area is to develop understanding of the physics of breaking waves to help guide the development of physics-based breaking wave modes. The dataset is being used for the evaluation of closure models for inclusion in current larger scale simulations such as large eddy simulation and Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes. Robustly simulating the near-field flow of a surface ship requires the development of new models and numerical techniques suitable for use in large scale applications. We have performed more moderate-scale simulations to design, verify, and validate these capabilities before their implementation on the large- scale simulations. Using Numerical Flow Analysis (NFA), simulations of several naval combatants were performed at a range of speeds. The numerical results show wave overturning at the bow and flow separation at the transom. Air is entrained along the side of the hull and in the rooster-tail region behind the stern. In both regions, numerical predictions agree well with experimental measurements. This work marks the first time that NFA has been used to simulate an entire ship hull. The numerical simulations were performed on the Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) Cray XT3 using 128-256 processors. Approximately, 90 million grid points were used in the simulations.
Impact of the Charge Ratio on the In Vivo Immunogenicity of Lipoplexes

The present study investigated the immunogenic potential of different cationic liposome formulations with a DNA plasmid encoding Pfs25, a malaria transmission-blocking vaccine candidate. Pfs25 plasmid DNA was complexed with cationic liposomes to produce lipoplexes at different charge ratios of the cationic lipid head group to the nucleotide phosphate (N:P). The formation of lipoplexes was visualized by Cryogenic-TEM. Confocal microscopy of lipoplexes formed with GFP encoding plasmid DNA, and flow cytometry was used to determine their in vitro transfection capability. Two different lipoplex formulations using plasmid DNA encoding Pfs25 were evaluated for in vivo immunogenicity after intramuscular administration in Balb/c mice. Immune sera were analyzed by ELISA. The results demonstrated that the cationic liposome-mediated DNA immunization with an N:P charge ratio of 1:3 (anionic lipoplexes) is more effective than the use of naked plasmid DNA alone. No antibody response was observed when lipoplexes with a higher N:P charge ratio of 10:3 (cationic lipoplexes) were used. Trehalose was added to some lipoplex formulations as a cryoprotectant and adjuvant, but it did not yield any further improvement of immunogenicity in vivo. The results suggest that Pfs25 plasmid DNA delivered as lipoplexes at a charge ratio of 1:3 elicited strong immunogenicity in mice and may be improved further to match the immune responses of DNA vaccines administered by in vivo electroporation.
Variations of emotion dysregulation in borderline personality disorder: a latent profile analysis approach with adult psychiatric inpatients

The purpose of the present study was to identify variations in emotional dysregulation patterns among adults diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD), with an eye toward implications for treatment. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was utilized to classify 156 inpatients with BPD, based on patterns of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS; Gratz and Roemer, J Psychopathol Behav Assess 26: 41-54, 2004) subscale scores. Results revealed that a three class solution best fit the sample (Low Impairment, Global Dysregulation, and Emotionally Aware). Further analysis of the classes at admission revealed that the Global Dysregulation group reported significantly higher suicidal ideation than either the Low Impairment or Emotionally Aware groups, and that the Global Dysregulation group reported significantly higher functional impairment than the Low Impairment group. All three groups improved greatly over the course of hospital treatment, although they remained distinguishable at discharge, retaining their positions symptomatically relative to one another. Limitations, implications, and future directions are discussed.
Parents as Agents of HIV Prevention for Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Youth

Young men who have sex with men (MSM) account for the majority of HIV infections among young people in the United States and young women who have sex with women and men can also become infected with HIV. While family-based approaches have been established for other groups of youth, very few have been developed and tested with sexual minority youth. This chapter reviews evidence for the feasibility of developing family-based programs for these youth as well some of the factors that should be incorporated into such an approach.
The Gastrointestinal System: Understanding Normal Development and Function

The gastrointestinal system has the basic function of digesting food into nutrients and then eliminating the waste. The structures and organs of the gastrointestinal tract develop from a simple tub...
A variational approach for the dynamics of unsteady point vortices

Abstract A Lagrangian formulation for the dynamics of unsteady point vortices is introduced and implemented. The proposed Lagrangian is related to previously constructed Lagrangian of point vortices via a gauge-symmetry in the case of vortices of constant strengths; i.e., they yield the exact same dynamics. However, a different dynamics is obtained in the case of unsteady point vortices. The resulting Euler–Lagrange equation derived from the principle of least action exactly matches the Brown–Michael evolution equation for unsteady point vortices, which was derived from a completely different point of view; based on conservation of linear momentum. The proposed Lagrangian allows for applying Galerkin techniques to the weak formulation of the vortex dynamics. The resulting dynamic model of time-varying vortices is applied to the problem of an impulsively started flat plate as well as an accelerating and pitching flat plate. In each case, the resulting lift coefficient using the dynamics of the proposed Lagrangian is compared to that using previously constructed Lagrangian, other models in literature, and experimental data.
Computer Modeling as an Aid to Understanding Metabolic Compartmentation of the Krebs Cycle in Brain Tissue

The basic observation which lead to the postulate of the metabolic compartmentation of glutamate metabolism in brain, as well as of the related Krebs cycles, has been the subject of two previous symposia in this series (Ralazs and Cremer, 1973; Berl et al., 1975) and is well known to most of the members of this Advanced Study Institute. In taking an overview of the field we can summarize by saying that labeled substrates fall into two classes, those yielding brain glutamine with a specific activity greater than glutamate and those giving the opposite behavior. Hence the two cycle models have been considered as the simplest possible ones which can lead to a reasonable fit to both sets of experimental data. By following other indices, e.g. the specific activity of aspartate relative to glutamate or the distribution of label between C-1 of glutamine and the rest of the molecule further sub-classifications can be made and these point to the need for further subdivision of the two cycle models. On the other hand, models with three to five cycles and associated pools of amino acids related to these Krebs cycles are extremely underdetermined with the experimental data currently available (van den Berg et al.,1975). Furthermore, it seems to be getting more difficult to generate the masses of data needed to refine such models. Accordingly we have been setting our sights lower as far as developing multicycle models and rather have been trying to examine pieces of existing models in more detail with a view to refining these sub-models further before tackling the bigger problems.
Methods of IR Spectroscopy for Surfaces and Thin Films

The basic principles and experimental methods for application of infrared vibrational spectroscopy applied to characterization of surfaces and thin films are reviewed. The emphasis is on how the fundamental principles of electromagnetic radiation at interfaces dictate the experimental setups and underlie the strategies for making quantitative interpretations of the data. The discussion is directed to a broad range of applications from ultrahigh vacuum studies to the liquid/solid interface.
Preliminary Remarks. Singularities

In this section, we shall remind the reader of some basic definitions and properties of analytic functions, singular points, etc. First of all, let us repeat Cauchy’s definition of an analytic function of a complex variable.
Revisiting the governance narrative: The dynamics of developing national educational assessment policy in South Korea

This paper argues that the ‘new governance’ narrative should be revised and modified to reflect context-specific details of the policy sector and styles of government. I discuss the modified networ...
Rethinking UN Peacekeeping Burden-Sharing in a Time of Global Disorder

When United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres diagnosed the world with a bad case of ‘trust deficit disorder’ in 2018, UN peacekeeping seemed to have been somewhat sheltered from an increasingly chaotic world order. In September 2018, more than 150 member states signed a Declaration of Shared Commitments on UN Peacekeeping Operations (A4P). But a year later, however, on the eve of the organization’s 75th anniversary, what remains the most visible conflict management tool at the disposal of the Security Council is seeing fault lines widening. The traditional consensus over peacekeeping is eroding. Burden-sharing between those countries who, respectively, mandate, finance, and provide peacekeepers has become ever more complex in a context of an increasingly divided Council and new financial crises. Peacekeeping visions have grown further apart as some member states push for more militarized stabilization and protection of civilians approaches when others call for a return to the core principles of peacekeeping. The author concludes that despite these fault lines, peacekeeping remains a remarkable enterprise of multilateralism through which trust and solidarity between member states can be reinforced. This at the condition that greater emphasis be put when carrying out necessary reforms on a more just and equitable burden-sharing—among the P5, between the P5 and ten elected members of the Council, and between the Council and Troop Contributing Countries—and on rebuilding consensus and coherence both in New York and in field missions.
Chapter 14 – Gordon Allport

Gordon Allport was a religious man. He defined “religion” as an overall system of beliefs. Similar to many of the theorists of this book, he wrote on the blind adherence of children to the religious beliefs of their parents. Analogous to Erikson, he wrote on the importance of the adolescent years as a time of religious/spiritual questioning. From these times of questioning, people may develop an immature or mature sentiment toward religion. Allport subsequently defined the terms of extrinsic or intrinsic orientations. Subsequent contemporary research has suggested that there are more variables than these two orientations to take into account when reviewing the relationship between religion and prejudice, helping behaviors, and the meaning of life. Even though it appears that religiosity is more than just an extrinsic-versus-intrinsic orientation, Allport will most likely be known as the father who spearheaded solid research on religion.
Use of Business Analytics in Accounting Firms—Taking Deloitte as an Example

This paper aims to introduce business analytics strategies that one of the most prominent public accounting firms, Deloitte, has applied to manage hundreds of thousands of clients and discover valuable insights within the organization to increase efficiency and improve risk management. According to Deloitte official website, 76% of audit committee members within the organization believe that advanced technology should be used more extensively [1]. The insights gained from the data analytics are approved by the most occupied position in the accounting firm, which is the auditors. This paper introduces insight-driven methods used in the company, including Profit model, Network, Structure, Process, Product performance, Product system, Service, Channel, Brand, and Customer engagement. All of these elements can each be integrated into a business analytic approach. Lastly, this paper will provide some limitations associated with the data analysis in the firm.
Correction to: Abnormalities of Aspiration and Swallowing Function in Survivors of Acute Respiratory Failure.

Due to the errors occurred in the originally published version, this article is being reprinted in its entirety as Correction. All errors have been corrected. It is the correct version.
Higher Education is a Human Right

Higher education is a human right. In the United States, we have become complacent about the skyrocketing costs of higher education where yearly expenses at many universities well exceed the median income of United States workers. We need to change the dialogue about higher education so that it does not become a luxury only the wealthy can afford. This article examines the right to higher education under international law and argues that it is already an established right and not a luxury item. Additionally, not only is a higher education a human right, but it has an important national security value. Using the Syrian refugee crisis as an example, the world cannot risk a ‘lost generation’ of students who do not get the education they need to rebuild and lead their country and counter terrorist messages that breed in failed states. We need diversity in education and people from all backgrounds should be able to exercise their human right to education, at all levels.
A Methodology for Domain-specific Conceptual Data Modeling and Querying

Traditional data management technologies originating from business domain are currently facing many challenges from other domains such as scientific research. Data structures in databases are becoming more and more complex and data query functions are moving from the back-end database level towards the front-end user-interface level. Traditional query languages such as SQL, OQL, and form-based query interfaces cannot fully meet the needs today. This research is motivated by the data management issues in life science applications. I propose a methodology for domain-specific conceptual data modeling and querying. The methodology can be applied to any domain to capture more domain semantics and empower end-users to formulate a query at the conceptual level with terminologies and functions familiar to them. The query system resulting from the methodology is designed to work on all major types of database management systems (DBMS) and support end-users to dynamically define and add new domain-specific functions. That is, all user-defined functions can be either pre-defined by domain experts and/or data model creators at the time of system creation, or dynamically defined by end-users from the client side at any time. The methodology has a domain-specific conceptual data model (DSC-DM) and a domain-specific conceptual query language (DSC-QL). DSC-QL uses only the abstract concepts, relationships, and functions defined in DSC-DM. It is a user-oriented high level query language and intentionally designed to be flexible, extensible, and readily usable. DSC-QL queries are much simpler than corresponding SQL or OQL queries because of advanced features such as user-defined functions, composite and set attributes, dot-path expressions, and super-classes. DSC-QL can be translated into SQL and OQL through a dynamic mapping function, and automatically updated when the underlying database schema evolves. The operational and declarative semantics of DSC-QL are formally defined in terms of graphs. A normal form for DSC-QL as a standard format for the mappings from flexible conceptual expressions to restricted SQL or OQL statements is also defined. Two translation algorithms from normalized DSC-QL to SQL and OQL are introduced. Through comparison, DSC-QL is shown to have very good balance between simplicity and expressive power and is suitable for end-users. Implementation details of the query system are reported as well. Two prototypes have been built. One prototype is for neuroscience domain, which is built on an object-oriented DBMS. The other one is for traditional business domain, which is built on a relational DBMS. Index words. Conceptual Query Language, Domain-Specific, Data Model, Methodology, Normal Form, Life Science Data, User-Defined Functions, Domain-Specific Functions, Graph-Based Semantics, Form-Based Query Interface
Stimulation of RNA Polymerase III by Histones and Other Polycations

Three major RNA polymerases are obtained by extracting either whole yeast cells (Adman et al., 1972) or nuclei (Brogt and Planta, 1972) by the procedure of Roeder and Rutter (1969). Each of the components found in yeast (Fig. 1) corresponds to one of the RNA polymerases I, II, and III found in sea urchins or rat liver nuclei (Blatti et al.,1970). The relative activity on different templates and activity versus salt relationships are remarkably similar for each pair of corresponding animal and yeast enzymes (Adman et al., 1972).
The Rani of Jhansi: Gender, History, and Fable in India

Colonial texts often read the Indian woman warrior as a cultural anomaly, but Indian texts find recourse in the mythological examples of the female warrior. Rani Lakshmi Bai's remaking transforms the mythologically viable, yet socially marginal, figure of a woman in battle into bounded and meaningful feminine roles such as daughter, wife, mother, and queen. Women and the home were integral to how nationalist discourse envisioned the modern, yet traditional, Indian nation. The Rani remains a metaphoric referent of the home, and is an abiding symbol of the nation, reinvented as authority, power, and tradition. The depictions of the Rani signals what is at stake in representing the unrestricted woman in the public sphere. The book extends the discussion on what constitutes the historical archive of the gendered colonial subject and the postcolonial rebel by being attentive to the vexed figures produced within the competing ideologies of colonialism and nationalism.
Modeling the probability distribution of positional errors incurred by residential address geocoding

The assignment of a point-level geocode to subjects' residences is an important data assimilation component of many geographic public health studies. Often, these assignments are made by a method known as automated geocoding, which attempts to match each subject's address to an address-ranged street segment georeferenced within a streetline database and then interpolate the position of the address along that segment. Unfortunately, this process results in positional errors. Our study sought to model the probability distribution of positional errors associated with automated geocoding and E911 geocoding. Positional errors were determined for 1423 rural addresses in Carroll County, Iowa as the vector difference between each 100%-matched automated geocode and its true location as determined by orthophoto and parcel information. Errors were also determined for 1449 60%-matched geocodes and 2354 E911 geocodes. Huge (> 15 km) outliers occurred among the 60%-matched geocoding errors; outliers occurred for the other two types of geocoding errors also but were much smaller. E911 geocoding was more accurate (median error length = 44 m) than 100%-matched automated geocoding (median error length = 168 m). The empirical distributions of positional errors associated with 100%-matched automated geocoding and E911 geocoding exhibited a distinctive Greek-cross shape and had many other interesting features that were not capable of being fitted adequately by a single bivariate normal or t distribution. However, mixtures of t distributions with two or three components fit the errors very well. Mixtures of bivariate t distributions with few components appear to be flexible enough to fit many positional error datasets associated with geocoding, yet parsimonious enough to be feasible for nascent applications of measurement-error methodology to spatial epidemiology.
Nonlocal effects in the photoelectric detection of light

The use of photoelectric detectors for counting photons is commonplace, and even one-photon states can now be realized experimentally.1,2 It is usually taken for granted that a photoelectric detection at some position at some time corresponds to the annihilation of a photon at that place at that time. Of course, the limited detection efficiency of practical detectors means that the photon number cannot usually be determined unambiguously.
Progesterone "receptor" in rabbit uterus. I. Characterization and estradiol-17beta augmentation.

Sucrose gradient centrifugation, gel nitration, and charcoal adsorption techniques have been used successfully to isolate and partially characterize progesterone—binding proteins from rabbit uterine cytosol and nuclei. Dissociability in high ionic strength buffers and precipitability in 30% saturated ammonium sulfate differentiated the cytosol binding component from a CBG—like binding protein present in rabbit serum. Progesterone was bound to a 4S complex in uterine cytosol following injection of 3H—progesterone to castrate rabbits; hormone binding increased quantitatively after pretreatment of castrate animals with estradiol– 17β and a qualitative change in the binding pattern became apparent with the appearance of an 8S binding complex in addition to the 4S unit. 0.4M KC1 extraction of the nuclear pellet obtained from estrogen—treated castrates yielded only a 4S binding component. Rabbit uterine cytosol prepared from either castrate or estrogen—treated animals in vitro, when equilibrated with 3Hprogeste...
The Covering Factors, Ionization Structure, and Chemical Composition of QSO Broad Absorption Line Region Gas

Recent HST and ground-based observations have led to better and new constraints on the properties of Broad Absorption Line (BAL) gas in QSOs in terms of its covering factors, ionization structure, and chemical composition. We present and discuss these findings. One of the most important results is that the gas giving rise to BALs has non-uniform ionization and likely has very enhanced metalto-hydrogen abundances relative to solar composition. In particular, the nitrogen abundance relative to other observable metals is enhanced ≈ 3 – 10 times solar values. If normal stellar nucleosynthesis is important, this result may be indicative of a relatively flat initial mass function with the nitrogen overabundance produced by secondary processing in massive stars.
Dantrolene suppresses ventricular ectopy and arrhythmogenicity with acute myocardial infarction in a langendorff-perfused pacing-induced heart failure rabbit model.

Dantrolene in Failing Hearts with AMIIntroduction Dantrolene prevents arrhythmogenic Ca2+ release during heart failure (HF). However, direct evidence to support its antiarrhythmic effects in failing hearts with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is lacking. Methods and Results HF was induced by right ventricular pacing (312 beats/min, 4 weeks) in 19 rabbits. AMI was induced by coronary artery ligation in rabbits surviving chronic pacing (n = 17). The hearts were quickly excised and Langendorff-perfused for simultaneous membrane potential and intracellular Ca2+ (Cai) optical mapping when ventricular fibrillation (VF) occurred or 4 hours after AMI. The VF inducibility was defined as the ability to provoke sustained VF (>2 minutes) by pacing. Dantrolene (10 μM) was administered after baseline studies. Spontaneous VF occurred in 5 rabbits (SVF group). The ventricular premature beat (VPB) burden was significantly higher in the SVF group than the non-SVF group (P < 0.05). Dantrolene suppressed VPB burden (P = 0.03) and prolonged action potential duration (APD; P < 0.05) to reduce VF inducibility (P < 0.05). However, dantrolene shortened immediate postshock APD50 even if VF storm was suppressed. Conclusion In failing hearts with AMI, VPB burden plays a pivotal role in SVF occurrence. Dantrolene suppresses VPBs and/or prolongs repolarization to inhibit spontaneous VF and reduce VF inducibility.
A systematic review of probable posttraumatic stress disorder in first responders following man-made mass violence

The current study was a systematic review examining probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in first responders following man-made mass violence. A systematic literature search yielded 20 studies that fit the inclusion criteria. The prevalence rates of probable PTSD across all 20 studies ranged from 1.3% to 22.0%. Fifteen of the 20 articles focused on first responders following the September 11th terrorist attacks and many of the studies used the same participant recruitment pools. Overall, the results of the systematic review described here suggest that our understanding of PTSD in first responders following man-made mass violence is based on a very small set of articles that have focused on a few particular events. This paper is meant to serve as a call for additional research and to encourage more breadth in the specific incidents that are examined.
Anatomically Informed Metrics for Connectivity-Based Cortical Parcellation From Diffusion MRI

Connectivity information derived from diffusion MRI can be used to parcellate the cerebral cortex into anatomically and functionally meaningful subdivisions. Acquisition and processing parameters can significantly affect parcellation results, and there is no consensus on best practice protocols. We propose a novel approach for evaluating parcellation based on measuring the degree to which parcellation conforms to known principles of brain organization, specifically cortical field homogeneity and interhemispheric homology. The proposed metrics are well behaved on morphologically generated whole-brain parcels, where they correctly identify contralateral homologies and give higher scores to anatomically versus arbitrarily generated parcellations. The measures show that individual cortical fields have characteristic connectivity profiles that are compact and separable, and that the topological arrangement of such fields is strongly conserved between hemispheres and individuals. The proposed metrics can be used to evaluate the quality of parcellations at the subject and group levels and to improve acquisition and data processing for connectivity-based cortical parcellation.
Value Creation and Value Appropriation in Innovation Process in Publicly-Traded Family Firms

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the generational differences among publicly traded family firms in regards to value creation and value appropriation in the innovation process by drawing upon the knowledge-based view (KBV) and family business literature with a focus on socioemotional wealth perspective.Design/methodology/approach– The authors tests the hypotheses via longitudinal regression analyses based on 285 yearly cross-firm S & P 500 firm observations.Findings– First, the authors found that family ownership with second or later generation’s majority exhibits lower levels of value creation capabilities compared to non-family firms, whereas there is no difference between those of the firms with family ownership with a first generation’s majority and non-family firms. Second, the authors also found that family owned firms with a first generation’s majority have higher value appropriation abilities compared to nonfamily firms, while there is no significant difference in value appropriation between the later generation family firms and non-family firms.Research limitations/implications– The study help scholars, family business members, and investors better understand family involvement, and how it impacts firm performance through value creation and value appropriation.Originality/value– The paper contributes to the family business, innovation, and KBV literature in several ways. While previous family business studies drawing upon resource-based view and KBV often focus on the value creation in family governance, the authors investigate both value creation and value appropriation phases of innovation process.
Hyperflow: a visual programming language for pen computers

The design philosophy of the Hyperflow visual programming language and an overview of its semantic model are presented. The concept of visually interactive process, vip, is introduced as the fundamental element of the semantics. Vips communicate with each other through exchange of signals, either discrete or continuous. Each vip communicates with the user through its own interface box by displaying on the box information about the vip and by receiving information pen-scribed on the box. There are four different communication modes: mailing, posting, channeling, and broadcasting. Mailing and posting are for discrete signals and channeling and broadcasting are for continuous signals. Simple Hyperflow programs are given including a specification for the Line-Clock device driver. >
Black fly salivary gland extract inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in murine splenocytes

Summary Black flies are known to be vectors of pathogens including Onchocerca volvulus, which causes human onchocerciasis, and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus. Their salivary secretion has been shown to contain a complex cocktail of anti-haemostatic factors and immunomodulatory activities, which may contribute to efficient transmission of the pathogens. Black fly salivary gland extract (SGE) inhibits mitogen-stimulated mouse splenocyte proliferation, including proliferation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The factor responsible for the inhibition was determined to be a protein (or protein complex) of a size larger than 50 kDa. Moreover, exposure to SGE results in activation of caspase 3 and characteristic morphological changes in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, suggesting that induction of apoptosis could, at least in part, be responsible for this inhibition.
Fitting improved accretion disk models to the multiwavelength continua of quasars and active galactic nuclei

Fits to the ultraviolet-optical-infrared spectra of 60 quasars and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are investigated, using black hole accretion disk models. The disk is assumed to be geometrically thin and optically thick. The observed spectrum from a black hole accretion disk, rotating (Kerr) or nonrotating (Schwarzschild), is transformed by the geometric inclination effect, Doppler shifts, gravitational redshifts, and gravitational focusing. These effects alter the locally emitted fluxes and produce harder spectra for an observer at higher inclination angles. The relativistic corrections are much more significant in the Kerr geometry since the inner edge of the disk is much closer to the rotating black hole. A simple inverse relation between the inferred black hole mass and the assumed inclination angle was found in the Kerr case, while the inferred accretion rate (solar masses/yr) remains independent of the angle. In the Schwarzschild case, the ratio of the inferred accretion rate to the black hole mass remains roughly constant when the viewing angle changes. In both geometries, low-redshift Seyfert galaxies have relatively low accretion rates, only a few percent of their Eddington luminosities, while the most luminous quasars are accreting near their Eddington limits.
A BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION TECHNIQUE FOR THE HYPERACTIVE CHILD.

Abstract This paper describes a procedure for the conditioning of attending behaviour in a brain-injured hyperactive boy. Observations of the behaviour of two hyperactive children were made in the classroom setting. These observations were made from an observation bootn adjoining the classroom and provided data on the frequency of occurrence of the following high rate responses: walking, talking, distraction, “wiggling”. Each child was observed for a minimum of ten minutes a day, four days a week. Following several weeks of baseline observation, the conditioning procedure was begun with the expel imental subject. The conditioning trials took place in the classroom setting. During each time interval in which one of the high rate responses did not occur, S received an auditory stimulus (secondary reinforcer). This auditory stimulus had previously been paired with the delivery of candy and pennies. The stimulus was dispensed by a radio device which activated an earphone worn by the subject. At the end of each conditioning trial, S received whatever candy or pennies he had “earned”. The data show that the control subject showed no significant change in the frequency of occurrence of the high rate responses during the three month period. The experimental subject showed a significant decrease in non-attending behaviour. This reduction in rate was maintained over a four week extinction period.
Loss of endogenous nuclear protein A24 lyase activity during chicken erythropoiesis

Abstract To study the endogenous protein A24 lyase activity of erythroid nuclei during chicken erythropoiesis, 3H-protein A24 was incubated with nuclei of mature erythrocytes and premature erythroid cells. Lyase activity was measured as conversion of 3H-protein A24 into 3H-histone 2A and 3H-ubiquitin (Andersen, M.W., Ballal, N. R., Goldknopf, I. L., and Busch, H. (1981) Biochemistry 20 , 1100–1104) . The transcriptionally active nuclei of immature erythroid cells from anemic blood had substantial endogenous lyase activity. The activity was 1.34 fold higher in the anemic bone marrow nuclei from more immature cells. On the other hand, transcriptionally inactive nuclei of mature erythrocytes from normal chicken blood had negligible lyase activity. This effect parallels the loss of the ubiquitin portion of protein A24 in mature chicken erythrocytes (Goldknopf, I. L., Wilson, G., Ballal, N. R., and Busch, H. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255 , 10555–10558) .