cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Moonlighting in a High Growth Economy: Evidence from U.S. State‐Level Data

Despite the prevalence of multiple jobholding, there is relatively little research into its causes. Existing research has tested the predictions of standard labor models with micro data. Yet, there has been virtually no research into the relationship between moonlighting and structural differences in regional labor markets such as wages and employment growth. In this manner, this study examines the large differences in multiple jobholding rates across U.S. states. The findings indicate that multiple jobholding acts as a short-term shock absorber to cyclical changes. However, in the long-term, these effects dissipate, indicating that moonlighting plays a similar role as do changes in unemployment and labor-force participation to regional labor market shocks. Conversely, multiple jobholding rates are inversely related to average weekly earnings. Thus, job growth accompanied by real wage (and productivity) growth may result in a decline in multiple jobholding, further exacerbating potential labor shortages. Other key factors found to influence multiple jobholding include occupational structure and education.
Yttrium-90 radioembolization for the treatment of primary and metastatic liver tumors.

Patients with primary hepatic malignancies, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or those with isolated liver metastases, have few surgical options. Liver transplantation or curative resection is only an option for fewer than 20% of patients.1 With the incidence of these tumors increasing,2,3 the use of locoregional therapies to directly treat the liver metastases has increased as well. For small lesions, ablative therapies have been shown to be effective in controlling disease.4,5 When patients have larger lesions, or have multifocal disease, more regional therapies are preferred. Of those, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and radioembolization with yttrium-90 microspheres (90Y) have been most often used.6-12 Both therapies rely on the principle hat liver tumors, both primary and metastatic, derive most of heir blood flow from the hepatic artery.13 The techniques are imilar in that both require catheterization of the hepatic rtery, and if possible, superselective catheterization of a eeding vessel. Beyond that, however, the 2 techniques are omewhat distinct.
Animacy and differential subject marking in the Ikema dialect of Miyako

Ikema is a dialect of the Miyako language of Ryukyu, Japan and is endangered. It is remotely related to Japanese, but unlike Japanese it shows a differential-subject marking based on the animacy feature of the subject noun. The pronoun and personal names are invariably marked by ga, while inanimate nouns are marked by nu. All human common nouns are also marked by nu, but a subset of this category can be marked by ga. In this paper, I propose to employ the socio-pragmatic notion of addressability, or the noun’s potential to be used as an address term, to classify human nouns into two subtypes for case marking, “Dad, can you help me?”.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Cross-Linking Strategy of a Quercetin-Based Epoxidized Monomer as a Naturally-Derived Replacement for BPA in Epoxy Resins.

The natural polyphenolic compound quercetin was functionalized and cross-linked to afford a robust epoxy network. Quercetin was selectively methylated and functionalized with glycidyl ether moieties using a microwave-assisted reaction on a gram scale to afford the desired monomer (Q). This quercetin-derived monomer was treated with nadic methyl anhydride (NMA) to obtain a cross-linked network (Q-NMA). The thermal and mechanical properties of this naturally derived network were compared to those of a conventional diglycidyl ether bisphenol A-derived counterpart (DGEBA-NMA). Q-NMA had similar thermal properties [i.e., glass transition (Tg) and decomposition (Td) temperatures] and comparable mechanical properties (i.e., Young's Modulus, storage modulus) to that of DGEBA-NMA. However, it had a lower tensile strength and higher flexural modulus at elevated temperatures. The application of naturally derived, sustainable compounds for the replacement of commercially available petrochemical-based epoxies is of great interest to reduce the environmental impact of these materials. Q-NMA is an attractive candidate for the replacement of bisphenol A-based epoxies in various specialty engineering applications.
Neurological soft signs in social phobia

This study examined neuropsychiatric impairment in social phobia by comparing neurological soft signs in 12 social phobia patients and 24 normal controls. Patients with social phobia had increased neurological soft signs as compared with healthy controls.
Risk and Uncertainty

A decade before the financial crisis of 2007–2008, the world financial system was rocked by a more limited but still revealing event: the collapse of the hedge fund Long-Term Capital Management. That trauma sent shock waves through global finance and hinted at many of the dangers residing in the over-leveraged, highly complex investment instruments that would later threaten the global economy. One of the most important lessons of the Long Term case had to do with the danger of placing inordinate faith in quantitative models that promised to tame the unruly complexity of markets.
Towards Asynchronous Many-Task in Situ Data Analysis Using Legion

We explore the use of asynchronous many-task (AMT) programming models for the implementation of in situ analysis towards the goal of maximizing programmer productivity and overall performance on next generation platforms. We describe how a broad class of statistics algorithms can be transformed from a traditional single-programm multiple-data (SPMD) implementation to an AMT implementation, demonstrating with a concrete example: a measurement of descriptive statistics implemented in Legion. Our experiments to quantify the benefit and possible drawbacks of this approach are in progress, and we present some encouraging initial results on the (minimal) impact of the AMT-based approach on code complexity, task scheduling, and application scalability.
The Shape of Chinese Law

Following the Simmelian tradition of social geometry, this essay proposes an analytical framework for understanding the legal system's social forms. It analyzes the basic social forms of the contemporary Chinese legal system in terms of its social structure, operational mode, ideological conflict, and cultural essence. This analytical framework fully recognizes the contradictions and conflicts inherent to the legal system, and it adopts a perspective of social interaction rather than social integration to examine its structure and change. The essay is both an empirical analysis of the social forms of Chinese law and an effort of theoretical innovation for the sociology of law.
Development of a Digital Avionics Curriculum for the Aeronautical Engineer

The focus of the research leading to this paper was the development of a comprehensive digital avionics curriculum that will serve the needs of aeronautical engineers who will be involved with the development, integration, testing, fielding, and supporting of avionics systems as part of the overall aircraft system. Research was conducted through a literature review, a thorough review of existing avionics programs, and the use of a Delphi Technique survey process. Based upon the findings from the reviews and the Delphi Technique survey process, a six-step curriculum development process was formulated as a method to build a course structure that will satisfy the needs of students enrolled in a digital avionics specialty course sequence. Utilizing the formulated process, a proposed three course curriculum was developed that will provide the avionics knowledge required at the correct level of proficiency while instilling the desired attributes within the aeronautical engineers. The development process and the resulting proposed curriculum will be presented.
Thermal and electric conductive analysis in Isotropic Conductive Adhesive by modeling 3D fillers dispersion observed by FIB-SEM

Isotropic Conductive Adhesives(ICA) conducting electrically and thermally through metal fillers in resin have been studied macroscopically (the total resistance after mount) and microscopically (the contact resistance between fillers). However, the study of the conductive mechanism between electrodes of parts has not been elucidated yet. The reason is that the flat surface (2D) observation is usually used, though the actual dispersion of fillers is the three dimension (3D). In this paper, we observed 3D dispersion and 3D conductive pathway by FIB-SEM which repeats porishing and observation. In addition, thermal conduction and electric conduction are analyzed by this observation result. Then, the electric and thermal interface resistance can be calculated by the comparison of analysis and experiment. Thermal and electric interface resistance quantified by this study would make ICA higher thermal conduction and electric conduction.
It’s Raining in Iraq

Using the medium of a play, the author of the last piece of the symposium reflects on the issues of personal freedoms, moral choices, the right of a nascent nation to self-determination, national liberty, as well as the mentality of violence and culture of nonviolence. The play spans only three years but lasts for two political eras: one of Saddam Hussein’s tyranny and another – the era of state building, rebirth and hope in a land ravaged by war.
Comparative Genomic Analysis of Neutrophilic Iron(II) Oxidizer Genomes for Candidate Genes in Extracellular Electron Transfer.

Extracellular electron transfer (EET) is recognized as a key biochemical process in circumneutral pH Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB). In this study, we searched for candidate EET genes in 73 neutrophilic FeOB genomes, among which 43 genomes are complete or close-to-complete and the rest have estimated genome completeness ranging from 5% to 91%. These neutrophilic FeOB span members of the microaerophilic, anaerobic phototrophic, and anaerobic nitrate-reducing FeOB groups. We found that many microaerophilic and several anaerobic FeOB possess homologs of Cyc2, an outer membrane cytochrome c originally identified in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. The “porin-cytochrome c complex” (PCC) gene clusters homologous to MtoAB/PioAB are present in eight FeOB, accounting for 19% of complete and close-to-complete genomes examined, whereas PCC genes homologous to OmbB-OmaB-OmcB in Geobacter sulfurreducens are absent. Further, we discovered gene clusters that may potentially encode two novel PCC types. First, a cluster (tentatively named “PCC3”) encodes a porin, an extracellular and a periplasmic cytochrome c with remarkably large numbers of heme-binding motifs. Second, a cluster (tentatively named “PCC4”) encodes a porin and three periplasmic multiheme cytochromes c. A conserved inner membrane protein encoded in PCC3 and PCC4 gene clusters might be responsible for translocating electrons across the inner membrane. Other bacteria possessing PCC3 and PCC4 are mostly Proteobacteria isolated from environments with a potential niche for Fe(II) oxidation. In addition to cytochrome c, multicopper oxidase genes potentially involved in Fe(II) oxidation were also identified. Notably, candidate EET genes were not found in some FeOB, especially the anaerobic ones, probably suggesting EET genes or Fe(II) oxidation mechanisms are different from the searched models. Overall, based on current EET models, the search extends our understanding of bacterial EET and provides candidate genes for future research.
Assessment in Music: A Practitioner Introduction to Assessing Students:

There has been an increased interest in documenting the growth and learning outcomes of students in all subjects in the past 20 years, and music education has not been immune to the accountability ...
Optical and Infrared Observations of Pulsar Wind Nebulae

The extended nebulae formed as pulsar winds expand into their surroundings provide information about the composition of the winds, the injection history from the host pulsar, and the material into which the nebulae are expanding. Observations from across the electromagnetic spectrum provide constraints on the evolution of the nebulae, the density and composition of the surrounding ejecta, and the long-term fate of the energetic particles produced in these systems. Optical and infrared observations in particular reveal information that may not be observable at other wavelengths, including the presence of spectral features in the PWN particle spectrum, shocked supernova ejecta, and newly formed dust. Here we provide a summary of the growing number of optical and infrared observations of pulsar wind nebulae and what they tell us about the evolution of these systems and their host supernova remnants.
A BDDC algorithm for the Stokes problem with weak Galerkin discretizations

Abstract The BDDC (balancing domain decomposition by constraints) methods have been applied successfully to solve the large sparse linear algebraic systems arising from conforming finite element discretizations of second order elliptic and Stokes problems. In this paper, the Stokes equations are discretized using the weak Galerkin method, a newly developed nonconforming finite element method. A BDDC algorithm is designed to solve the linear system such obtained. Edge/face velocity interface average and mean subdomain pressure are selected for the coarse problem. The condition number bounds of the BDDC preconditioned operator are analyzed, and the same rate of convergence is obtained as for conforming finite element methods. Numerical experiments are conducted to verify the theoretical results.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Brain Tumors Using Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Iron oxide nanoparticles ­provide an alternative to gadolinium based contrast agents for use in magnetic resonance imaging of brain tumors. These nanoparticles have different biologic and imaging properties that provide complementary information about inflammation and subtle defects in the blood-brain barrier that are not seen with gadolinium as well as repeated serial imaging without the readministration of contrast agents. These particles can also be used with dynamic magnetic resonance imaging to measure perfusion properties of brain tumors without the confounding effects of blood brain barrier permeability on the measurements. Cellular labeling using iron oxide nanoparticles may allow for imaging of cellular trafficking in the brain.
Immunological Regulation of Epithelial Function

The objective of this presentation is to develop a hypothesis through a survey of pertinent literature rather than to review an established area of physiology. The focal point is the mucosa of the small intestine. The major thesis is that lamina propria cells regulate functions of epithelial cells. Support for this comes from studies of the "immunophysiological" interplay that goes on in the mucosa and that has been amply revealed through investigations of host-parasite interactions. Immunological reactions in several intestinal helminth infections affect epithelial cell differentiation and development as well as secretory, absorptive, and digestive activities. Epithelial cells may be influenced indirectly as bystander cells during immunologically mediated inflammation or directly through their recruitment as effector components in immune reactions. Immune responses, by convention, are thought to be mediated by nonepithelial cells. Therefore, involvement of epithelial cells in effecting immunity or in responding to immunologically elicited signals implies a regulatory role for lamina propria cells in epithelial function. Confirmation of the capacity of epithelial cells to respond to the command of other cells with "memory" capabilities would imply the existence of a sensitive, locally organized, and highly specific adaptive mechanism in the host.
Disparities in Adolescent Patient–Provider Communication Regarding Fertility Preservation Care

Cancer affects large numbers of men and women of reproductive age. The effects of cancer and cancer therapies can render patients’ reproductive potential transiently or permanently impaired. With the release of the 2006 American Society of Clinical Oncology recommendations, a heightened sense of awareness of these clinical issues has developed. While progress has been made in delivering fertility preservation care to both males and females, it is clear that much work has yet to be done in providing patients with treatments that will mitigate the potentially sterilizing effects of oncologic therapies. Moreover, disparities have been noted throughout the literature along the lines of both gender and age, with females and adolescents having less access to fertility preservation options. Our aim in this chapter is to heighten awareness of the existing disparities and encourage providers to more effectively utilize communication strategies to optimize comprehensive oncologic care for these patients.
Pharmaceutical Products of DNA Technology

This chapter explores the range of pharmaceutical products manufactured through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology. The chapter discusses the importance of DNA technology in medicine, specifically the changes it has brought to the treatment of diabetes and hemophilia. Deficiencies of protein— such as, insulin, human growth hormone, and Factor VIII, contribute to sickness, and DNA technology can be used to produce these proteins. The natural proteins can be replaced by proteins manufactured by the processes of DNA technology. DNA technology can also be used for therapeutic purposes.The chapter also describes some of the biochemical problems that occur in manufacturing pharmaceutical products by DNA technology and recognize that biochemists overcome these issues. The synthesis and innovative uses of therapeutic drugs, such as tissue plasminogen activator, interferon, and antisense molecules are then discussed. The basis of vaccine activity in the body and the role of DNA technology in the production of vaccines are reviewed conclude the chapter. Vaccines for hepatits B, AIDS, the vaccinia virus are some of the examples.
Further Studies of Underground Muons at Soudan

The Soudan I experiment has obtained confirmatory evidence for the existence of underground muons associated with Cygnus X-3. A significant signal was observed during a recent period of very high radio emission. Additional possible astronomical sources of the underground muons are being studied.
ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ISOZYMES FROM ELAPID VENOMS

ABSTRACT Among 26 elapid venoms being studied, Naja wossambica pallida, N. nigricollis, Pseudechis colletti, P. porphyriacus and Micrurus Dumerilii do not contain acetylcholinesterase (AChE). AChE exists in multiple molecular forms in all the venoms studied that have AChE activity. From the results of the neuraminidase treated venoms, we conclude that the complexity of the venom AChE is partly caused by sialylation in a post-translation step in most of the elapid venoms. Isoelectric focusing patterns of AChE do not change in the presence of both neuraminidase and N-(p-nitrophenyl) oxamic acid. Isoelectric focusing technique may become a useful method for identifying unknown venoms.
“Nickel and Dimed” for Drug Crime: Unpacking the Process of Cumulative Racial Inequality

ABSTRACTWe apply a cumulative disadvantage framework to examine racial inequality in the criminal justice system for drug defendants. Using State Court Processing Statistics data for the period 199...
E-Cigarettes and Similar Devices

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are the most commonly used tobacco product among youth. The 2016 US Surgeon General's Report on e-cigarette use among youth and young adults concluded that e-cigarettes are unsafe for children and adolescents. Furthermore, strong and consistent evidence finds that children and adolescents who use e-cigarettes are significantly more likely to go on to use traditional cigarettes-a product that kills half its long-term users. E-cigarette manufacturers target children with enticing candy and fruit flavors and use marketing strategies that have been previously successful with traditional cigarettes to attract youth to these products. Numerous toxicants and carcinogens have been found in e-cigarette solutions. Nonusers are involuntarily exposed to the emissions of these devices with secondhand and thirdhand aerosol. To prevent children, adolescents, and young adults from transitioning from e-cigarettes to traditional cigarettes and minimize the potential public health harm from e-cigarette use, there is a critical need for e-cigarette regulation, legislative action, and counterpromotion to protect youth.
Acute Nonsurgical Complications of Weight Loss Surgery

Weight loss surgery (WLS), or bariatric surgery, by its design fundamentally alters an individual’s anatomy and metabolism. Postoperative complications therefore include those universal to all operative interventions in addition to several unique problems brought about by a patient’s altered postoperative anatomy and physiology. Nutritional derangements due to the malabsorptive effects can range from relatively common and benign (myalgia and fatigue) to rare and devastating (Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome). In the case of choledocholithiasis, WLS can confound the diagnosis and complicate the management of an already treacherous clinical entity. Lastly, psychiatric comorbidities are common in the bariatric surgery population, and research suggests that more WLS patients die by suicide than age- and sex-matched peers. Clinicians must therefore be mindful not only of medical and surgical but also of psychiatric crises in the bariatric patient. Given the breadth and prevalence of the postoperative complications of WLS, all practitioners of medicine, not only bariatricians and surgeons, must be familiar with the unique presentations and initial management of postoperative WLS patients.
TineLok Business Case

TineLok is a one product company with a “cutting edge” product with unlimited target markets, not just in the United States, but throughout the world. Yet, what appears to be a simple enough product and company has evolved into a never ending spiral of corporate structures and owners. A brief history of the development of the product and then a longer history of the company’s formation, development, changes, and current situation are provided. There are strategic management, target market, corporate structure changes and potential growth issues that form the basics of the major question, “where do we go from here?”
Luminescent Solar Concentrator Tandem-on-Silicon with above 700mV Passivated Contact Silicon Bottom Cell

Luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) tandem-on-silicon (Si) provides a route towards achieving higher than 30% overall efficiency which can overcome the theoretical efficiency limit of a single junction Si cell. Here, we present optical coupling and performance of high V oc passivated contact Si bottom cell for LSC tandem-on-Si where the top module consists of highly efficient luminophores and an array of micro InGaP cells embedded in a poly (lauryl methacrylate) waveguide. In this device configuration, InGaP cell area coverage is only ~0.5% of the total LSC area which significantly reduces the high cost III-V material usage. The performance of Si sub-cell is investigated under LSC spectrum and is compared against the measurement done under 1 μm thick InGaP filter which mimics the spectrum seen by Si bottom cell in a conventional III-V/Si tandem. V oc of greater than 700 mV has been observed for the passivated contact Si bottom cell in these tandem applications.
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone: A survival analysis from the National Cancer Database.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of bone, now known as undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of bone, is a rare neoplasm that accounts for less than 2% of all primary malignant bone tumors. The objective of the current study was to evaluate prognosis and survival for MFH of bone. METHODS The 2004 to 2016 National Cancer Database was queried to identify patients with a primary MFH of bone. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses were used to analyze overall survival and risk factors associated with overall mortality. RESULTS The overall 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 38.3% and 30.5%, respectively. Increasing stage and metastatic disease at presentation were associated with poor overall survival (P < .001). Patients aged 18 to 50 years (hazard ratio [HR], 0.51), 51 to 75 years (HR, 0.61), and those undergoing surgery (HR, 0.39) had improved survival. Having Medicare insurance (HR, 1.48), residing in a low educated area (HR, 2.56), and positive surgical margins (HR, 1.80) were associated with poor survival. CONCLUSIONS The overall prognosis of MFH of bone is poor with a reported 5-year survival rate of 38.3%. Undergoing surgery and younger age were associated with a better prognosis. Older age, having Medicare insurance, and positive surgical margins were predictors of mortality.
Facile Trace Mercury (II) Sensor Using Statistically Optimized Electrochemical Co-Deposited Gold Nanofilm Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes

Rapid detection of trace mercury (II) in water is very challenging. A novel sensor for the facile detection of mercury (II) was developed using electrochemically co-deposited gold nanofilm modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (EcoD-AuNF/SPCE). Because a monolayer of gold nanofilm is freshly co-deposited during the mercury (II) preconcentration period, no additional modification on an electrode is required prior to a test. Central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to evaluate the effects of the critical testing parameters simultaneously (i.e., the co-deposited gold concentration of $350\,\,\mu \text{g}\,\,\text{L}^{-1}$ , deposition potential of −0.75 V, and testing pH of 3.50). The response of square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) showed a linear relationship with the mercury (II) concentration over a range of 1 to $40~\mu \text{g}$ /L (ppb), with an LoD of $0.29~\mu \text{g}$ /L and sensitivity of $0.37~\mu \text{A}$ /ppb. Significant influences on the mercury (II) stripping peak potential, peak height, and peak shape were observed in the presence of chloride. Therefore, an optimized amount of chloride (i.e., 600 mg/L) was preemptively added to minimize the potential effect of naturally occurring chloride and to improve further the detection sensitivity (i.e., LoD of $0.16~\mu \text{g}$ /L and sensitivity of $0.55~\mu \text{A}$ /ppb). Validation testing using real-world water samples indicated reliable prediction of mercury (II) concentration could be obtained in complex media. In summary, this newly developed voltammetric approach has excellent detection performance and practical significance for potential on-site voltammetric determination of trace mercury (II) in water.
Attracting Attention in Online Health Forums: Studies of r/Alzheimers and r/dementia

Informal caregivers increasingly use social media for means of information sharing and social support. We study the attention received by healthcare related social media posts, particularly the r/Alzheimers and r/dementia subreddits with the aim of better understanding the user experience on such forums, possibly leading to improvements of their effectiveness. We explore how the linguistic features of a post relate to the amount of attention it receives in terms of votes and comments, focusing on the content, grammar, and sentiment of the text. Unlike traditional approaches that analyze forum activity on each user, we analyze each post as an entity to decipher what makes it influential. We do n-gram and word frequency analysis on the text to compare high- and low-attention posts, then define and calculate attention measures for each post before applying correlation analysis between attention measures and post features. We perform topic modelling analysis on the posts and examine the correlation relationships between a post’s major topic and the amount of attention it receives. Our topic analysis of the posts, along with our n-gram and word frequency analysis, also infer themes of discussion within the subreddits.
Effects of vitamin D supplementation on the functional outcome in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture and vitamin D deficiency.

BACKGROUND In osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, supplementation using vitamin D preparations and maintenance of blood vitamin D level within the normal range are necessary for proper fracture union, enhancement of muscle strength, and maintenance of body balance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on blood vitamin D level, pain relief, union time, and functional outcome in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture and vitamin D deficiency. METHODS One hundred thirty patients who were deficient in blood vitamin D level and had osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture were divided into supplementation group and non-supplementation group. Initially, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after the injury, radiographs were taken to assess fracture union, and questionnaires were evaluated to evaluate the functional outcome and quality of life. RESULTS The mean age of the 130 patients (36 males and 94 females) was 74.75 ± 7.25 years. There were no statistically significant differences in initial severity of low back pain, functional outcome, and quality of life between the insufficient group and the deficient group (all p values were > 0.05). There was no significant time-by-group interaction between the supplementation group and the non-supplementation group (p = 0.194). In terms of SF-36 physical component score, there was no significant time-by-group interaction between the supplementation group and the non-supplementation group (p = 0.934). CONCLUSIONS Fracture union was achieved in all patients regardless of serum vitamin D level, and there were significant improvements in severity of low back pain, functional outcome, and quality of life over 12 months in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. Short-term vitamin D supplementation of patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture and deficiency of vitamin D did not result in significant differences in fracture union status, functional outcome, and quality of life between the supplementation groups and the non-supplementation groups of patients.
Minimal measures

For a finite composition of exact, area preserving, positive twist diffeomorphisms of the infinite cylinder, we will show that an invariant measure whose support consists of minimal orbits strictly minimizes the average action.
Results: New Partners for Ortho-Substituted Aryl Iodides in Palladium/Norbornene Cocatalysis

As we have seen in part Sect. 7.2, the incorporation of a N-aryl coupling reaction with unprotected amines in a Catellani sequence has never been reported. Only amides, imines and tosylated and acetylated anilines have been used successfully as coupling partners.
Development of a Personal Digital Assistant Application for Pharmacy Documentation

As the role of pharmacists becomes more patient-focused and market pressures demand increased accountability of pharmacists, the importance of documenting pharmacists professional activities related to patient care becomes paramount. Efficient means by which to document and transmit such activities of pharmacists have not been fully developed or are not universally applied in professional practice. This paper describes a method for documenting pharmacy student interventions during experiential rotations with personal digital assistants (PDA). The pharmacy student documentation system (PSDSq) requires a “point-and-click” action by the user on a pre-programmed electronic form that documents common reasons for interventions, actions taken, recommendations provided, and clinical service provide. Also collected is the time involved, the outcomes of recommendations, what personnel initiated the intervention, medications involved, and the potential impact on patients’ health related quality of life. The use of PDA applications as described within this paper embody the spirit of the recommendations from the US Institute of Medicine (IOM) reports, the Leapfrog Group, and computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems being implemented. The PSDSq and other computer technologies have the potential to increase communication among members of the healthcare team to achieve defined therapeutic outcomes for patients while documenting the various contributions of the respective providers in the delivery of quality healthcare.
Continuous-wave deep ultraviolet sources for resonance Raman explosive sensing

A promising approach to stand-off detection of explosive traces is using resonance Raman spectroscopy with Deepultraviolet (DUV) light. The DUV region offers two main advantages: strong explosive signatures due to resonant and λ- 4 enhancement of Raman cross-section, and lack of fluorescence and solar background. For DUV Raman spectroscopy, continuous-wave (CW) or quasi-CW lasers are preferable to high peak powered pulsed lasers because Raman saturation phenomena and sample damage can be avoided. In this work we present a very compact DUV source that produces greater than 1 mw of CW optical power. The source has high optical-to-optical conversion efficiency, greater than 5 %, as it is based on second harmonic generation (SHG) of a blue/green laser source using a nonlinear crystal placed in an external resonant enhancement cavity. The laser system is extremely compact, lightweight, and can be battery powered. Using two such sources, one each at 236.5 nm and 257.5 nm, we are building a second generation explosive detection system called Dual-Excitation-Wavelength Resonance-Raman Detector (DEWRRED-II). The DEWRRED-II system also includes a compact dual-band high throughput DUV spectrometer, and a highly-sensitive detection algorithm. The DEWRRED technique exploits the DUV excitation wavelength dependence of Raman signal strength, arising from complex interplay of resonant enhancement, self-absorption and laser penetration depth. We show sensor measurements from explosives/precursor materials at different standoff distances.
Experimental Approaches to Studying the Immunology of Parasitic Diseases

The immune system plays a central role in recognizing and controlling the spread and impact on the host of infectious organisms. In the case of parasitic infections this task is complicated by the fact that many eukaryotic parasites have evolved sophisticated mechanisms for evading the immune response. Consequently, many diseases caused by parasites are chronic in nature and result in prolonged and excessive immune responsiveness which in itself can be deleterious. The study of immune responses to parasites has been important not only because of the potential for improving human and animal health through immunological means such as vaccination, but also because the extreme nature of many parasite-induced responses allow insights into the functioning of the immune system itself.
Optimal Reliability Allocation

The overall reliability of a complex system, designed as an assembly of subsystems, depends on the subsystem reliability metrics. The cost of each subsystem is a function of its reliability. This article considers the problem of allocating the reliability values to minimize the total cost while achieving the reliability target. The reliability allocation problem is applicable to mechanical and electrical systems as well as computer hardware and software. The approach involves expressing the system reliability in terms of the subsystem reliability values and specifying the cost function for each subsystem, which allows setting up an optimization problem. Software reliability allocation is examined as a detailed example and some preliminary apportionment approaches are presented. While in many cases, it is possible to use exact optimization methods, a complex case may require use of iterative approaches. Keywords: optimization problem; parallel system; cost function; series system; reliability allocation; software reliability
Vehicle control in a CFD environment

Work in progress toward a tool for synchronous control algorithm design and vehicle hydrodynamic analysis via CFD is discussed. A commercial CFD code, with minor augmentations, will serve as a high-fidelity hydrodynamic model to be run in parallel with and loosely coupled to a candidate control algorithm allowing the vehicle to be computationally flown under the influence of that control. A number of components of this tool have been developed and are described. These include a momentum based propeller model which simulates both added axial and swirl velocities and a control surface force parameterization which will be used as a first approximation while a mesh morphing scheme for deflecting control surfaces is implemented. The accuracy of the CFD approach is demonstrated by comparison with experimental data for drag on a DARPA SUBOFF model and for skin friction and flow separation on a prolate spheroid at an angle of attack. Unsteady nonlinear effects are demonstrated with a simulation of a spheroid propagating through water in the presence of an oscillating sway force. The direction of future work is also presented.
DNA Microarray Analysis of Postmortem Brain Tissue

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the DNA analysis of postmortem brain tissue. DNA microarray analyses of the transcriptome have played a pivotal role for analyzing the molecular biology of cancer and have become a very powerful exploratory tool in the study of central nervous system (CNS). Complementary hybridization-based methods (DNA microarrays) continue to be at the forefront of the transcriptome analysis of the brain tissue; at moderate cost, they can be relatively easily performed. They can rapidly assess the gene expression of most of the genome, creating a unique transcript profile for each sample. Analyzing the human brain transcriptome and interpreting the outcome of these experiments is a challenging task. Most of the brain microarray experiments have focused on animal models. The chapter gives an account of the microarray analysis of human brain disorders, such as neurological disorders [rett's syndrome, alzheimer's disease (AD), and multiple sclerosis (MS)], substance abuse and addiction research, and psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, and autism). The emerging microarray data suggests that certain molecular events may be a characteristic for more than one brain disease and thus, helps to understand the disease-associated molecular pathophysiology. Although much has been done already, microarray studies of human brain disorders are still in the data collection phase.
Effect of Relative Arrangement of Cationic and Lipophilic Moieties on Hemolytic and Antibacterial Activities of PEGylated Polyacrylates

Synthetic amphiphilic polymers have been established as potentially efficient agents to combat widespread deadly infections involving antibiotic resistant superbugs. Incorporation of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains into amphiphilic copolymers can reduce their hemolytic activity while maintaining high antibacterial activity. Our study found that the incorporation of PEG has substantially different effects on the hemolytic and antibacterial activities of copolymers depending on structural variations in the positions of cationic centers relative to hydrophobic groups. The PEG side chains dramatically reduced the hemolytic activities in copolymers with hydrophobic hexyl and cationic groups on the same repeating unit. However, in case of terpolymers with cationic and lipophilic groups placed on separate repeating units, the presence of PEG has significantly lower effect on hemolytic activities of these copolymers. PEGylated terpolymers displayed substantially lower activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) than Escherichia coli (E. coli) suggesting the deterring effect of S. aureus’ peptidoglycan cell wall against the penetration of PEGylated polymers. Time-kill studies confirmed the bactericidal activity of these copolymers and a 5 log reduction in E. coli colony forming units was observed within 2 h of polymer treatment.
Case-study: A Satellite-based Internet Learning System for the Hospitality Industry

The hospitality industry is diverse and global and has two specific segments: lodging properties and food-service operations. It is one of the nations' top industries and employers (Travel Industry Association, 1998). In the hospitality industry, much of what employees know is self-taught or obtained from on-the-job training (OJT), is typically inconsistent and incomplete (Woods, 1997). Generally, in the hospitality domain, information is handed down from one employee to another in an ad hoc manner. As a consequence of high employee turnover, which ranges from 60% to triple-digit figures, most training happens on the job (Hinkin & Tracey, 2000; Casado & Jurowski, 2001). A formal in-house training program is too laborintensive and time-consuming to develop and to implement (Collins & Malik, 1999). Further complicating the delivery of hospitality-training programs is the size and geographical dispersion of the hospitality workforce. Hospitality operations are implemented worldwide, thereby making delivery of comprehensive training and continuing education to remote areas extremely difficult. The globalization and rapid growth of the hospitality industry combined with a shrinking labor pool, underscores the need for trained personnel (Turkel, 2000). Furthermore, competitive pressures and rising customers’ expectations mandate that employees excel at their jobs, which drives the need for hospitality operators to provide real-time training programs and innovative training solutions (Grindy, 1998).
Auditor’s Industry Specialization and Earnings Management of Firms Reporting Internal Control Weaknesses Under SOX Section 404

Prior studies document that firms having material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting adjust more discretionary accruals in financial reporting process than other firms. This study examines the influence of industry-specialist audits on accrual management behavior of firms whose internal control is reported as ineffective by their external auditors pursuant to SOX Section 404. Previous research further shows that specialist auditors have greater industry-specific knowledge and expertise, and are more familiar with clients’ business. They constrain management’s propensity to misreport earnings and other financial information. In this study, we include auditor industry specialization as a proxy for the mitigating force on earnings management in an economic setting where incentive to manage earnings is deemed to be at an elevated level. The test results suggest that though firms with ineffective internal control (ICW) manage discretionary accruals at a greater level than firms with effective internal control (non-ICW), specialist auditors influence accrual management decision of the ICW firms and reduce the level of discretionary accrual adjustments. As a result, industry-specialist audits also substantially attenuate the difference in accrual management between ICW and non-ICW firms. We find consistent results for both the absolute and signed discretionary accruals for the sample ICW and non-ICW firms. Moreover, the supplemental tests for a sample of constant ICW and non-ICW firms produce similar results. Finally, our main results also hold for a reduced sample of the Big 4 client companies. **Please do not quote without permission.
Potassium-Argon Age Dating of Interlayered Glauconites from Eocene Queen City Formation, East Texas: ABSTRACT

X-ray characterization of green pellets from the Eocene Queen City Formation near Jacksonville, Texas, reveals that these pellets are interlayered glauconite and chlorite. Because chlorite contains no potassium, it would dilute the potassium and argon concentrations in the whole rock with respect to the glauconite. These pellets were dated using the K-Ar age method. The results give an average age of approximately 50 ± 3 m.y. for the Queen City Formation. This age may reflect the time-transgressive nature of the beds as the ages slightly south of this location are younger--45 m.y. for the overlying Weches Formation. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1424------------
Advances in Steady Inductive Helicity Injection for Plasma Startup and Toroidal Current Drive

The Helicity Injected Torus with Steady Inductive Helicity Injection (HIT-SI) has achieved a breakthrough in the development of a new method of toroidal plasma startup and current drive. HIT-SI accomplishes helicity injection current drive on a spheromak of major radius 0.3 m with two injectors driven sinusoidally at 14.5 kHz. Results include the first sustainment of toroidal plasma current of over 50 kA at up to 3 times the injected currents added in quadrature. Separatrix toroidal currents—currents not linking the helicity injectors—are sustained at up to 40 kA. Toroidal currents persist for up to 0.65 ms after the injectors are turned off. Results are achieved after helium operations condition the alumina plasma-facing surface. The conditioned alumina walls then act to pump the deuterium, thereby reducing the spheromak density. High performance discharges (Itor/Iinj ≥ 2) are characterized by a decrease in the n = 1 mode activity measured by surface probes near the midplane of the confinement volume. Suppression of internal magnetic fields (measured by an internal probe) below the predicted Taylor equilibrium indicates that the magnetic fields in HIT-SI can no longer be described by a zero pressure, constant λ equilibrium.
Intermittent androgen suppression in the LuCaP 23.12 prostate cancer xenograft model.

BACKGROUND Intermittent androgen suppression (IAS) has been proposed as a method of delaying the onset of androgen-independent growth in prostate cancer. While several pilot studies have demonstrated the feasibility of such a treatment, no study to date has defined the effect of IAS on survival. METHODS We developed an IAS protocol for mice bearing the LuCaP 23.12 human prostate cancer xenograft, with each cycle consisting of 1 week of androgen replacement with a testosterone pellet followed by 3 weeks of androgen withdrawal. Mice that responded to castration with a 40% or greater decrease in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were randomized to treatment with either continuous androgen suppression (CAS) or IAS. Serum PSA, tumor volume, and overall survival were monitored. RESULTS A total of 75 mice met the randomization criteria. There was no significant difference of survival between animals treated with CAS or IAS (185 vs. 239 days, P = 0.1835). Serum PSA showed evidence of cycling with hormonal manipulation. No cycling was noted in tumor volume. CONCLUSIONS IAS is not associated with a decrease in survival compared to CAS, yet in patients may offer quality-of-life improvements. Further studies of IAS in the setting of Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved clinical trials should be encouraged. Prostate 43:63–70, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Quality of Terror

I present a model of the interaction between a government, a terrorist organization, and potential terrorist volunteers in which, as a result of an endogenous choice, individuals with low ability or little education are most likely to volunteer to join the terrorist organization. However, the terrorist organization screens the volunteers for quality. Consequently, the model is consistent with two seemingly contradictory empirical findings. Actual terrorist operatives are not poor or lacking in education. And yet lack of economic opportunity and recessionary economies are positively correlated with terrorism. The model also endogenizes the effect of government counterterrorism on mobilization. Government crackdowns have competing effects on mobilization: they decrease the ability of terrorists to carry out effective attacks (making mobilization less attractive), and they foment ideological opposition to the government and impose negative economic externalities (making mobilization more attractive). This provides conditions under which government crackdowns increase or decrease mobilization.