cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Marketing of Economic Development Programs – Expectations and Handling New Offerings

Development centers in a position of marketing new programs to potential users may find themselves confronted with the issue of needing to know what constitutes a reasonable response to efforts as well as how initial introduction might be best handled. Concepts relating to expectations are covered from both the source (supplier) and the receiver (user) sides. A case study is reported that apparently illustrates aspects of general expectations. Previous association with the center and on-site meetings at the prospect clients’ companies appeared to be positive elements in the successful marketing of the case study program.
Age Discrimination in Intelligence Tests

INTELLIGENCE TEST constructors are usually guided by a combination of both subjective and empirical criteria in their selection of test items. Intelli gence is frequently conceived as the general ability to learn and to solve prob lems, or more precisely as "abilities demanded in solution of problems which require comprehension and use of symbols (3:372). Test constructionists have included measures of such mental processes as making associations, log ical classifications, discriminations, seeing analogies, drawing conclusions, organizing elements into meaningful patterns, and achieving insights (2:3). Ideas and relationships are often symbolized by words, numbers, pictures, diagrams, equations, and formulas (3:372). Since it is generally deemed desirable to have tests which measure capacity for learning and problem-solv ing rather than training and experience, intelligence test makers usually at tempt to control these factors by selecting items on which the subjects for whom they are intended have had ample, unrestricted and approximately equal opportunities for learning (1). Another common assumption about inte 1 ligence is that it is a product of development, of mental maturation, and asa consequence the level of a child's intelligence increases gradually from birth to maturity. Thus, another criterion often employed in the selection of tes t items is relatively steep increments in percentages of children passing items at successive ages. Finally, among these commonly accepted criteria, such abstract, culture-fair, and developmental items are expected to correlate significantly with school achievement. Not all inventors of tests, however,ad here to all of these criteria; and because they don't, comparisons of their dif ferently constructed tests permit testing the validity of these princ iples of test construction. The Davis-Eells Test of General Intelligence or Problem Solving Ability (2) and the Kuhlmann-Finch Tests (5) are, for example, simi lar in their problem-solving requirements and in their attempts to achieve cul ture-fairness. Both tests, directly or indirectly, require comprehension of verbal symbols, although in neither is reading emphasized. Both require sub jects to discriminate, to achieve inductive generalizations, to comprehend analogies, and to draw and apply conclusions. The Davis-Eells test attempts to achieve culture-fairness by using situations, pictures, and oral language "about equally familiar to all American urban cultural groups " (2:8). The Kuhlmann-Finch Tests attempt to "eliminate possible cultural bias" by using simple vocabulary and pictures which express "relationships in terms of form, position, size, and number" (5:13). The reported reliaoilities at the elemen tary level are also similar for the two tests (2, 5). But these tests differ inap plication of the criterion of age discrimination. In the Kuhlmann-Finch Tests, "the prime requisite for every item's inclu
Granulomatous Insulitis as a Cause of Acute-Onset Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus in a Patient With a Pancreatic Endocrine Carcinoma

Autoimmune destruction of β cells is the cause of most cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Lymphocytic insulitis has been documented in the early phases of this disease as well as in recurrent diabetes after pancreas transplantation and in certain viral infections. We report a unique case of granulomatous insulitis in a patient with an endocrine tumor of the pancreas that clinically manifested as acute-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Granulomata were present in islets with complete disappearance of β cells, as well as in the primary tumor, metastases, and lymph nodes. We postulate that these granulomata represent a sarcoid-like reaction to the tumor with secondary injury to nonneoplastic endocrine cells through a mechanism of molecular mimicry.
Effects of Na-K-2Cl cotransport inhibition on myocardial Na and Ca during ischemia and reperfusion

In the context of the "pump-leak" hypothesis (37), changes in myocardial intracellular Na (Nai) during ischemia and reperfusion have historically been interpreted to be the result of changes in Na ...
Characteristic functionals in imaging and image-quality assessment: Tutorial

Characteristic functionals are one of the main analytical tools used to quantify the statistical properties of random fields and generalized random fields. The viewpoint taken here is that a random field is the correct model for the ensemble of objects being imaged by a given imaging system. In modern digital imaging systems, random fields are not used to model the reconstructed images themselves since these are necessarily finite dimensional. After a brief introduction to the general theory of characteristic functionals, many examples relevant to imaging applications are presented. The propagation of characteristic functionals through both a binned and list-mode imaging system is also discussed. Methods for using characteristic functionals and image data to estimate population parameters and classify populations of objects are given. These methods are based on maximum likelihood and maximum a posteriori techniques in spaces generated by sampling the relevant characteristic functionals through the imaging operator. It is also shown how to calculate a Fisher information matrix in this space. These estimators and classifiers, and the Fisher information matrix, can then be used for image quality assessment of imaging systems.
Value of liver computed tomography with iodixanol 270, 80 kVp and iterative reconstruction.

To evaluate the image quality of hepatic multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) with dynamic contrast enhancement.
Nonlinear optic induced transparency and frequency conversion on a chip

Nonlinear optic induced transparency by second order optical nonlinearity on an aluminum nitride photonic chip is demonstrated experimentally, with a 14% external efficiency frequency conversion between visible and telecom photons.
Der schmale Grat zwischen Anpassung und Integration

Anlasslich des hundertsten Geburtstags der deutschen Kommunikationswissenschaft und des ehemaligen Leipziger Instituts fur Zeitungskunde wird ein kurzer Abriss der wechselhaften Institutsgeschichte prasentiert, an den sich systematische Uberlegungen zur Disziplin als Integrationswissenschaft anschliesen. Der Nachkriegswandel des Fachs im Westen Deutschlands von der historisch-normativen Publizistik zur empirisch-deskriptiven Kommunikationswissenschaft wird nicht nur als Fortschritt verstanden, sondern auch als Einschrankung. Mit der Konzentration auf die empirische Seite gehen historische und normative Ansatze allzu schnell verloren, und damit auch der Anspruch einer Integrationswissenschaft. Wenn namlich normative Reflexion und historische Besinnung auf den tieferen Sinn fehlen, besteht die Gefahr der Entstehung von blos leerlaufender Forschung, die sich unreflektiert instrumentalisieren und fur Machtinteressen einspannen lasst. Neben der Integration von ausgegrenzten Ansatzen und der Entwicklung einer reflektierten Wissenschaftsethik geht es deshalb vor allem um kritische Distanz zu Wissenschaftsmoden, besseres Nachwuchsmentoring, mehr Kommunikation uber fachliche und methodische Grenzen hinweg und starkeres gesellschaftspolitisches Engagement der Kommunikationswissenschaft.
Module-level paralleling of vertical GaN PiN diodes

The effects of paralleling low-current vertical Gallium Nitride (v-GaN) diodes in a custom power module are reported. Four paralleled v-GaN diodes were demonstrated to operate in a buck converter at 1.3 A peak (792 mA rms ) at 240 V and 15 kHz switching frequency. Additionally, high-fidelity SPICE simulations demonstrate the effects of device parameter variation on power sharing in a power module. The device parameters studied were found to have a sub-linear relationship with power sharing, indicating a relaxed need to bin parts for paralleling. This result is very encouraging for power electronics based on low-current v-GaN and demonstrates its potential for use in high-power systems.
Cell Types Originating from Young and Old Mouse Kidney Explants

We have been able to identify two different cell populations originating from young (4-week-old) and old (8-to-9-month-old) I.C.R. mouse kidneys explanted and transferred to new organ culture dishes every 24 hr. The explants were bathed in Eagle’s minimal essential medium with Hanks’ salts and 10% calf serum, supplemented with glutamine and antibiotics.
Mass Killings in the United States from 2006 to 2013: Social Contagion or Random Clusters?

In line with previous research on suicide and social contagion, there has been widespread speculation that mass killings—which often involve suicidal offenders—are socially contagious for up to 14 days. This study tested these claims by making comparisons (i) between observed chronological clusters of mass killings in the United States from 2006 to 2013 and clusters in 500 simulations containing 116,000 randomly generated dates, and then (ii) between observed mass killings receiving varying levels of public attention. No evidence of short-term contagion was found, although longer term copycat effects may exist. Further scholarly and policy implications are discussed.
Deep Learning Optical Devices and Architectures

A simple coherent-optical implementation of a Rectifying Linear Unit (ReLu) as an interferometric phase-sensitive bidiectional switch along with convolutional layers using lenslet arrays and thick Fourier holograms allows the efficient implemention of Deep Neural Networks (DNN) in a self-aligning multilayer adaptive-holographic optical neural network.
Cytochrome P450 and flavin-containing monooxygenase families: age-dependent differences in expression and functional activity

BackgroundAge-dependent differences in pharmacokinetics exist for metabolically cleared medications. Differential contributions in the cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A), CYP2C, and flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) families have an important role in the metabolic clearance of a large number of drugs administered to children.MethodsUnlike previous semiquantitative characterization of age-dependent changes in the expression of genes and proteins (western blot analysis), this study quantifies both gene and absolute protein expression in the same fetal, pediatric, and adult hepatic tissue. Expression was then correlated with the corresponding functional activities in the same samples.ResultsCYP3A and FMO families showed a distinct switch from fetal (CYP3A7 and FMO1) to adult isoforms (CYP3A4 and FMO3) at birth, whereas CYP2C9 showed a linear maturation from birth into adulthood. In contrast, analysis of CYP2C19 revealed higher expression and catalytic efficiency in pediatric samples compared with that in fetal and adult samples. Further, CYP3A and FMO enzymes exhibited an unexpectedly higher functional activity in fetal samples not entirely explained by protein expression.ConclusionThese surprising findings suggest that CYP and FMO enzymes may encounter development-related differences in their microenvironments that can influence the enzyme activity in addition to protein expression levels.
BIOSYNTHESIS OF LIPIDS

This chapter describes the biosynthesis of lipids. One of the key discoveries in the study of lipid biosynthesis was made by Wakil (1958) when he found that an enzyme fraction prepared from pigeon liver and supplemented with ATP, manganese, and bicarbonate converted acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA. Wakil also found that malonyl-CoA could be converted quantitatively to long-chain fatty acids when NADPH and a second enzyme fraction were added to the incubation mixture. Shortly thereafter, Kusunose et al. (1959) reported that fortified crude extracts of Mycobacterium avium catalyzed the conversion of acetyl phosphate to a derivative of malonate. Since then, the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA has been reported in several species of bacteria. Many of the reactions in the biosynthesis of lipids are carried on in the cell membrane and it appears that this is the organelle responsible for the biosynthesis of structures near the cell surface.
Photochemically-Assisted Synthesis of Birnessite Nanosheets and Their Structural Alteration in the Presence of Pyrophosphate

Recent findings have showed the environmental abundance of soluble Mn(III)-complexes (e.g., Mn-siderophore and Mn(III)-pyrophosphate (Mn(III)-PP)). Specifically, Mn(III)-PP is of emerging interest in understanding Mn redox cycling and phosphorus cycling in catalysis and environmental systems. Curiously, however, further oxidation of Mn(III)-PP and consequent formation of a MnO2 solid phase have not been considered yet. Here, using photochemically-assisted fast oxidation of Mn2+ (aq) by the reaction with superoxide, generated from nitrate photolysis, we report the role of PP in formation of disordered δ-MnO2 nanosheets and changes in their stacking and structures. With increasing PP concentrations from 0.3 to 2 mM, δ-MnO2 nanosheets showed better stacking (thicker) layers and an alteration from hexagonal to orthogonal structure (more Mn(III) in layers). We found that the amount of Mn(III)-PP complex and the formation rate of δ-MnO2 nanosheets under the different PP concentrations affected both their layer ...
Leveraging syntax-related code for automated program repair

We present our automated program repair technique ssFix which leverages existing code (from a code database) that is syntax-related to the context of a bug to produce patches for its repair. Given a faulty program and a fault-exposing test suite, ssFix does fault localization to identify suspicious statements that are likely to be faulty. For each such statement, ssFix identifies a code chunk (or target chunk) including the statement and its local context. ssFix works on the target chunk to produce patches. To do so, it first performs syntactic code search to find candidate code chunks that are syntax-related, i.e., structurally similar and conceptually related, to the target chunk from a code database (or codebase) consisting of the local faulty program and an external code repository. ssFix assumes the correct fix to be contained in the candidate chunks, and it leverages each candidate chunk to produce patches for the target chunk. To do so, ssFix translates the candidate chunk by unifying the names used in the candidate chunk with those in the target chunk; matches the chunk components (expressions and statements) between the translated candidate chunk and the target chunk; and produces patches for the target chunk based on the syntactic differences that exist between the matched components and in the unmatched components. ssFix finally validates the patched programs generated against the test suite and reports the first one that passes the test suite. We evaluated ssFix on 357 bugs in the Defects4J bug dataset. Our results show that ssFix successfully repaired 20 bugs with valid patches generated and that it outperformed five other repair techniques for Java.
Restructuring via Virtuality in the 3-G Context

Virtual firm arrangements enable one firm to use the assets of another as though they were its own. Virtuality is a way to enter (or remain in) certain types of businesses. Franchising arrangements have elements of virtuality to them, as do examples where firms, like Sears, Roebuck, with highlyesteemed brand (or corporate) names provide services, like kitchen cabinet re-facing or exterior vinyl siding, that are actually delivered by local contractors. The virtual assets being shared by affiliates using such arrangements can be tangibles as well as intangibles.
Reading the Other: Teaching Chaucer’s The Prioress’s Tale in Its Late Medieval Context

Chaucer’s blood-libel legend, The Prioress’s Tale, belongs to a larger European context of lesser-known but contemporaneous texts written in Latin and Czech from fourteenth-century Bohemia. These multiple sources allow students to examine a myriad of anti-Semitic tropes, particularly the association of Jews with filth, sex, and denigrated body parts, which highlights the negative Christian perceptions of Jews at a time of crisis in Western Christendom—regardless of whether they were actually absent (as in Chaucer’s England) or present in flourishing numbers (as in Bohemia). While Chaucer’s tale relates the fictional murder of a Christian boy by Jews, its mirror image—the Latin parody The Passion of the Jews of Prague—presents the real-life scenario of Jews murdered by hysterical Christians in the 1389 Prague pogrom.
Implantable Buprenorphine (Probuphine) for Maintenance Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder.

Implantable buprenorphine is an expensive alternative for patients on a stable dosage of transmucosal buprenorphine. Based on current research and guidance, implantable buprenorphine should not be used as initial treatment for opioid dependence or as a substitute for medication-assisted treatments other than transmucosal buprenorphine.
Biological Properties and Clinical Use of Calf Thymus Extract TFX-Polfa

In the early 1970s, in searching for approaches which could reinforce immune responsiveness in our immunocompromised patients with aplastic or proliferative blood disorders, our attention became focused on the thymus gland. Previous studies on human fetal thymus transplantation in patients displaying various primary and acquired immunodeficiencies had proved to be partially successful in terms of immunorestoration and concomitant improvement of clinical status (August et al., 1968; Cleveland et al., 1968; Marcolongo and Di Paolo, 1973; Serrou, 1974; Stutzman et al., 1971).
Red Blood Cells

The lipid in the mature erythrocyte of mammalian animals is solely contained in the plasma membrane. Lipids account for nearly 50% of the mass of the membrane while proteins are also present in a similar amount. Only very small quantities of sugars in the form of glycoproteins and glycolipids are present although these more hydrophilic moieties may be particularly important in the immunologic specificity of the cells. Since the human red cell has been much more extensively studied than those of other animals, this review will be confined primarily to a consideration of the lipid metabolic pathways of that cell. Moreover, since the disease state termed “hemolytic anemia” represents the premature destruction of the erythrocyte plasma membrane, and since this disease state has frequently prompted biochemical investigations of the lipid metabolism of the affected cells, some of the orientation of this review will be toward hemolytic anemias which are associated with defects in the lipid metabolic pathways of erythrocyte’s plasma membranes.
Toxic effects of supplemental copper and roxarsone when fed alone or in combination to young pigs.

ABSTRACT Three experiments were conducted to investigate the roxarsone (3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid) x copper (Cu) interaction in weanling pigs. Supplemental roxarsone at 400 mg/kg diet decreased rate and efficiency of weight gain and caused visible neurological signs of toxicosis. Copper addition (CuSO4-5H20) at a level of 650 mg Cu/kg diet likewise decreased weight gain and feed efficiency, and it also increased hepatic Cu deposition. The combination of these growth-depressing dosages of roxarsone and Cu resulted in a far greater reduction in gain and efficiency of feed utilization than was the case when either compound was fed alone. A growth-promoting dosage of Cu (250 mg/kg) increased weight gain by 32% in one experiment but showed no efficacy in alleviating the growth-depression resulting from feeding 400 mg/kg roxarsone. A roxarsone dosage of 100 mg/kg increased gain and feed efficiency. Surprisingly, the decreased weight gain in pigs fed 650 mg/kg Cu was ameliorated by feeding 100 mg/kg roxarsone concomitantly. This level of roxarsone also reduced liver Cu concentration substantially. It thus appears that the nature of the roxarsone x Cu interaction is dependent on the dose of each compound administered. Moreover, low-dose roxarsone administration appears to ameliorate Cu toxicity, but low-dose Cu feeding does not show efficacy against roxarsone toxicity. (Key Words: Roxarsone, Copper, Pigs) Introduction
Endovascular Management of Carotid Cavernous Fistulas

The management of carotid cavernous fistulas (CCFs) depends on their physiopathology. The classification into traumatic and spontaneous CCFs is usually considered obsolete; it is, however, the first question that we ask when a patient with a CCF is referred to us. Knowing that a fistula is traumatic immediately tells us that we have a 95% chance of treating this fistula with a detachable balloon and with preservation of the carotid blood flow (CBF). Similarly, knowing that there is no history of trauma, one may conclude that a middleaged patient with a red eye and a sixth nerve palsy probably has a spontaneous fistula of the dural type, while in the case of an older patient with this presentation one must consider the possibility of a ruptured preexisting cavernous aneurysm. Therefore, the age of the patient and the presence or absence of a history of trauma are important in the classification of CCFs.
An Unusual Variant of a Floating Forearm Injury: A Case Report and Review.

Background: “Floating forearm” injuries, perilunate injuries, with an elbow dislocation, are rare and challenging to treat. Methods: We present the case of an unusual variant of a floating forearm ...
Engineering Design and Innovation: Learning Design, Improving Instructions

Innovative engineering design may possibly make the affordances of engineered objects and their parts invisible. Such a lack of visibility can make it difficult for those who assemble the object to understand the purpose and functionality of the object or its parts. That, in turn, can make users assemble objects erroneously. Understanding engineering design can make students aware that if an object’s affordances may be low or invisible, it can be challenging to assemble the object. Understanding those challenges can enable those who write instructions to situate the writing to better address such challenges.
Intraosseous versus intravenous access in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Insights from the resuscitation outcomes consortium continuous chest compression trial.

Abstract Aim To examine outcomes associated with intraosseous access route attempt for delivery of medications during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) resuscitation. Methods Using data from the Continuous Chest Compression trial, we examined rates of survival to hospital discharge, sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and survival with favorable neurological function among patients with intraosseous and intravenous access attempts after adjusting for age, sex, initial rhythm, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, public location, witnessed status, EMS response and trial randomization cluster. Results Among 19,731 patients, intraosseous access was attempted in 3068 patients and intravenous access in 16,663 patients respectively. Patients in whom intraosseous access was attempted were younger, more often female, and had marginally faster times to initial access and to initial drug administration. Unadjusted outcomes were significantly lower in patients with attempted intraosseous access compared with intravenous access: (4.6% vs. 5.7%, p = 0.01) for survival to discharge, (17.9% vs. 23.5%, p Conclusions Among patients with OHCA, intraosseous access attempt was associated with worse ROSC rates but no difference in survival. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the optimal access route among OHCA patients.
The Misclassification of Ambivalence in Pregnancy Intentions: A Mixed-Methods Analysis.

Context Researchers have developed various measures of pregnancy ambivalence in an effort to capture the nuance overlooked by conventional, binary measures of pregnancy intention. However, the conceptualization and operationalization of the concept of ambivalence vary widely and may miss the complexity inherent in pregnancy intentions, particularly for young people, among whom unintended pregnancy rates are highest. Methods To investigate the utility and accuracy of current measures of pregnancy ambivalence, a mixed-methods study was conducted with 50 young women and their male partners in northern California in 2015-2016. Survey data were used to descriptively analyze six existing pregnancy ambivalence measures; in-depth interviews addressing pregnancy desires and plans were deductively coded and thematically analyzed to understand why some participants appeared to be ambivalent from the survey data when their interview responses suggested otherwise. Results Eighty participants would be considered ambivalent by at least one measure. After assessment of the interview data, however, these measures were deemed to have misclassified almost all (78) participants. Qualitative analysis revealed several themes regarding misclassification: conflation of current pregnancy desires with expected postconception emotional responses; acceptability of an undesired pregnancy; tempering of survey responses to account for partners' desires; perceived lack of control regarding pregnancy; and, among participants with medical conditions perceived to impact fertility, subjugation of pregnancy desires in the interest of self-protection. Conclusions Current approaches to measuring pregnancy ambivalence may fail to capture the intricacies of pregnancy intentions and may be ineffective if they do not account for young people's experiences, especially when used to inform clinical practice, programs and policy.
Haitian Children’s Disaster Trauma: Validation of Pictorial Assessment of Resilience and Vulnerability:

The House-Tree-Person (HTP) drawing test has been culturally adapted for Haitian children and objectively scored for resilience and vulnerability (Roysircar, Colvin, Afolayan, Thompson, & Robertson...
Unmet Needs: Service Issues for Persons who are Blind or Have Low Vision:

Five focus groups were conducted as part of an assessment to identify stakeholders’ views of the service delivery needs of persons who are visually impaired. The analyses of the data from the focus...
Peace talks: public diplomacy and place branding in the 2018 Trump–Kim summit in Singapore

Our study, based on a converged conceptual framework of place branding and public diplomacy, examines how Singapore, through the 2018 Trump–Kim Summit, shaped and negotiated its goals, roles and outcomes using informational and relational strategies to promote complementary national interests and to cultivate its international image. Based on a case study approach utilizing analyses of media news coverage, social media data, international convention statistics, and government communication, we examined how and why the Southeast Asian city-state was selected as host, and the subsequent outcomes. We found that Singapore’s hosting of the historic summit is an extension of the city-state’s larger place branding strategy that has been executed over decades in a substantial and transformative manner, featuring both marketing and infrastructure building content Singapore proactively sought to pursue the role of international peace broker and host of high-profile political summits through systematic branding efforts at multiple levels of governance to communicate with and attract the publics of other countries, and to assert its identity on the global stage.
Communicable Disease among People Experiencing Homelessness in California.

California has a large population of people experiencing homelessness (PEH) that is characterised by a high proportion of people who are unsheltered and chronically homeless. PEH are at increased risk of communicable diseases due to multiple, intersecting factors, including increased exposures, comorbid conditions including substance use disorder and mental illness and lack of access to hygiene and healthcare facilities. Data available for several communicable diseases show that PEH in California experiences an increased burden of communicable diseases compared to people not experiencing homelessness. Public health agencies face unique challenges in serving this population. Efforts to reduce homelessness, increase access to health care for PEH, enhance data availability and strengthen partnerships among agencies serving PEH can help reduce the disparity in communicable disease burden faced by PEH.
ACM data science task force calls for curricula feedback and example courses

At the August 2017 ACM Education Council meeting, a task force was formed to add to the broad, interdisciplinary conversation on data science, with an articulation of the role of computing discipline-specific contributions to this emerging field. As an inherently interdisciplinary area, data science both draws from and generates interest within many fields, including computer science.
Loss of CIB2 causes non-canonical autophagy deficits and visual impairment

Non-canonical autophagy or LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) is essential for the maintenance and functioning of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors. Although molecular mechanisms still remain elusive, deficits in LAP have been found to be associated with age-related retinal pathology in both mice and humans. In this study, we found that calcium and integrin-binding protein 2 (CIB2) regulates LAP in the RPE. Mice lacking CIB2, both globally and specifically within RPE, have an impaired ability to process the engulfed photoreceptor outer segments due to reduced lysosomal capacity, which leads to marked accumulation of improperly digested remnants, lipid droplets, fused phago-melanosomes in RPE, and impaired visual function. In aged mice, we also found marked accumulation of drusen markers APOE, C3, and Aβ, along with esterified cholesterol. Intriguingly, we were able to transiently rescue the photoreceptor function in Cib2 mutant mice by exogenous retinoid delivery. Our study links LAP and phagocytic clearance with CIB2, and their relevance to the sense of sight.
Current Practices in Pediatric Dermatology Laser Therapy: An International Survey

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To date, there are no well-established guidelines regarding laser therapy for the treatment of cutaneous lesions in pediatric patients. We aim to ascertain the types of lasers commonly used, types of lesions treated, and factors that affect the selection of specific laser modalities in pediatric patients. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS An anonymous online survey was distributed to healthcare providers who treat children with lasers through listservs of four major national and international dermatology and laser organizations. RESULTS Outpatient office-based procedure rooms are the most common clinical setting for laser procedures (74.4%), and pulsed dye laser is the most commonly used laser (95.4%). Conditions routinely treated with lasers included port wine stains (95.4%), infantile hemangiomas (81.5%), other vascular lesions (81.5%), scars (77.7%), and hair (60.8%). 84.4% of respondents expressed concern about general anesthesia in patients <2 years old. Nevi of Ota is treated with laser more frequently (52.3%) than other pigmented lesions. LIMITATIONS Limited generalizability of case examples to general conditions. CONCLUSIONS Vascular lesions are the most common lesions treated with lasers in pediatric dermatology patients, and most providers are using these devices in the outpatient setting. Many providers are concerned about the effects of repeated general anesthesia in infants, and there appears to be a trend toward providing laser therapy in the outpatient setting without general anesthesia. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
The switchgrass microbiome: A review of structure, function, and taxonomic distribution

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) has been championed as a promising bioenergy crop due to its high productivity across a wide environmental range. The switchgrass microbiome—including bacteria, ar...
The Presumption Against Extraterritoriality in the U.S. Supreme Court Today

The presumption against extraterritoriality is the main tool that U.S. courts use to determine the geographic scope of federal statutes. The Supreme Court has developed a new version of the presumption in two important cases — Morrison v. National Australia Bank in 2010 and RJR Nabisco v. European Community in 2016. This essay explains the development of this new presumption and addresses some questions that remain unresolved.
Two cases of sideroblastic anemia with B-cell immunodeficiency, periodic fevers, and developmental delay (SIFD) syndrome in Chinese Han children caused by novel compound heterozygous variants of the TRNT1 gene

Abstract Sideroblastic anemia with B-cell immunodeficiency, periodic fevers, and developmental delay (SIFD) syndrome is a serious autosomal recessive genetic disease. So far, G/c.363G > T and c.302 T > C/c.1234cC > T. Searches of the HGMD databases revealed that these variants were all novel. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the missense variants c.363G > T and c.302 T > C would cause changes in protein structure and thus affect protein function. Finally, through literature reviewing, we found that the mortality in cases of SIFD was approximately 44% (14/32), and about 79% of individuals who died carried the hot-spot mutation c.668 T > C. Moreover, variants in the non-coding region were significantly more common among patients who died than among survivors. Our cases further expand the existing knowledge of the phenotype and variation spectrums of SIFD and suggest that genomic diagnosis is valuable for the hierarchical clinical management of this disease.
Differential residential perspectives on in situ protection and retreat as strategies for climate adaptation

The growing cost of climate-driven coastal impacts requires an improved understanding of how coastal populations engage with adaptation decisions. While many studies explore factors driving coastal adaptation, generally, few evaluate how residents consider relationships between in situ, protective adaption vs. retreat from at-risk areas. What is the relationship between residents’ exposure, perceptions of climate trends, and concerns about the future? How do these factors influence openness to different adaption strategies? Are these strategies considered to be progressive—where protection is indexed to minor threats and retreat occurs when protection measures fail—or are these dichotomous choices? We apply structural equation modeling to evaluate these decision pathways using a 2017 household survey in North Carolina’s (USA) Albemarle-Pamlico Peninsula (n = 147). Our results reveal that residents commonly view protection and retreat as mutually exclusive, rather than progressive, methods for reducing risk, and that their preferences are correlated with different understandings of climate threats.
Spatial arrangement of proteins in planar and curved membranes by PPM 3.0.

Cellular protrusions, invaginations, and many intracellular organelles have strongly curved membrane regions. Transmembrane and peripheral membrane proteins that induce, sense, or stabilize such regions cannot be properly fitted into a single flat bilayer. To treat such proteins, we developed a new method and a web tool, PPM 3.0, for positioning proteins in curved or planar, single or multiple membranes. This method determines the energetically optimal spatial position, the hydrophobic thickness, and the radius of intrinsic curvature of a membrane-deforming protein structure by arranging it in a single or several sphere-shaped or planar membrane sections. In addition, it can define the lipid-embedded regions of a protein that simultaneously spans several membranes or determine the optimal position of a peptide in a spherical micelle. The PPM 3.0 web server operates with 17 types of biological membranes and 4 types of artificial bilayers. It is publicly available at https://opm.phar.umich.edu/ppm_server3. PPM 3.0 was applied to identify and characterize arrangements in membranes of 128 proteins with a significant intrinsic curvature, such as BAR domains, annexins, Piezo and MscS mechanosensitive channels, cation-chloride cotransporters, as well as mitochondrial ATP synthases, calcium uniporters, and TOM complexes. These proteins form large complexes that are mainly localized in mitochondria, plasma membranes, and endosomes. Structures of bacterial drug efflux pumps, AcrAB-TolC, MexAB-OrpM, and MacAB-TolC, were positioned in both membranes of the bacterial cell envelop, while structures of multimeric gap-junction channels were arranged in two opposed cellular membranes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Law and Nature

This interdisciplinary study explores the relationship between conceptions of nature and (largely American) legal thought and practice. It focuses on the politics and pragmatics of nature talk as expressed in both extra-legal disputes and their transformation and translation into forms of legal discourse (tort, property, contract, administrative law, criminal law and constitutional law). Delaney begins by considering the pragmatics of nature in connection with the very idea of law and the practice of American legal theorization. He then traces a set of specific political-legal disputes and arguments. The set consists of a series of contexts and cases organized around a conventional distinction between 'external' and 'internal nature': forces of nature, endangered species, animal experiments, bestiality, reproductive technologies, genetic screening, biological defenses in criminal cases, and involuntary medication of inmates. He demonstrates throughout that nearly any construal of 'nature' entails an interpretation of what it is to be (distinctively) human.
CDK Inhibitors in Normal and Malignant Cells

The present article provides a general review of the function and regulation of the best understood CDK inhibitors, p15 INK4b , p16 INK4a , p21 Cip1 , and p27 Kip1 in normal cells. Mechanisms of CDK inhibitor regulation in normal cells are briefly reviewed, as is their deregulation and potential prognostic significance in human cancers. The article addresses how CDK inhibitors govern not only cell cycle progression but how they are implicated in regulation of diverse processes, including senescence, programmed cell death, transcription factor corepression and cell motility and invasion. Several of these functions have been shown to be misregulated in cancers and the potential for CDK inhibitor levels or localization to serve as markers/predictors of oncogenic pathway activation and responsiveness to targeted therapies is discussed.
Design and Test of a Variable Speed Wind Turbine System Employing a Direct Drive Axial Flux Synchronization Generator: 29 October 2002 - 31 December 2005

The goal of this funded research project is the definition, analytical investigation, modeling, and prototype realization of a current-source conversion topology tailored to high-power wind turbines.
Shadows of Empire: The Indian Nobility of Cusco, 1750-1825

Part I. Indian Elites and the Colonial Order: 1. Spanish conquest and the Habsburg reforms 2. The long seventeenth century Part II. The Indian Nobility of Bourbon Cusco: 3. Cacical families and provincial nobilities 4. Communal economies and Indian fortunes 5. The politics of the Cacicazgo Part III. Crisis and Collapse: 6. From reform to rebellion 7. The breakdown of colonial order.
Simple Scan Tests for Spatial Clustering on a Square Lattice

Many data sets collected for study areas consist of data values collected on a square lattice or for a set of pixels. Remotely sensed data provide perhaps the most common example. Frequently, we wish to know whether there are subregions of the study area that exhibit spatial clustering. In this article, we suggest how an approach for finding spatial clusters may be combined with the common practice of using 3-by-3 and 5-by-5 smoothing filters or kernels to construct two simple and easy-to-implement scan-type tests. A simulation experiment shows that the power of these tests to find clusters compares favorably with an alternative test that is more complicated. The tests use simulated data, changes in a remotely sensed image for a study region in Texas, and data about wheat yields. Muchas bases de datos que se recopilan para una zona de estudio, consisten en valores recopilados en una reticula cuadrada o en un conjunto de pixeles. Los datos obtenidos por sensores remotos son quiza el ejemplo mas comun. Frecuentemente deseamos saber si existen subregiones de la zona de estudio que exhiban agrupamiento espacial. En este articulo, sugerimos como una aproximacion para ubicar agrupamientos espaciales se puede combinar con la practica comun de usar filtros de suavizado (kernels) de 3-por-3 y 5-por-5 filtros, para construir dos test tipo scan, sencillos y faciles de implementar. Un experimento de simulacion demuestra que el poder de estas pruebas para ubicar agrupamientos, se compara favorablemente frente a otra prueba alternativa, que resulta mas complicada. Las pruebas usan datos simulados, cambios en una imagen de satelite para un area de estudio en Texas, y con data acerca de los rendimientos de cultivos de trigo. 研究区收集的许多数据集是由基于方格网和像素采集的数据值组成的，遥感数据可能提供了最常见的范例。通常，我们希望了解研究区的子区域是否呈现空间集聚特征。本文提出了一种如何发现空间集聚的方法，可以与采用3*3和5*5平滑滤波或核函数的普通试验相结合，构造两个简单且易于操作的扫描试验。模拟实验结果显示，这些试验在寻找聚集特征的性能上优于更复杂的可替换性试验。文中所用的仿真模拟数据来源于德克萨斯州小麦产量的多时相遥感影像。
Shop floor control in ASIC assembly

The paperless integrated manufacturing system (PIMS), a tandem-based shop floor control system, and its implementation in ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) final manufacturing are discussed. The lot tracking and data collection features of PIMS are reviewed. Production problem solving that utilizes a structured query language (SQL) to analyze the collected data is described. Two online SQL reports and their applications are presented to show the effectiveness of the ASIC shop floor control program. >
Centroid-Based Document Classification: Analysis and Experimental Results

In this paper we present a simple linear-time centroid-based document classification algorithm, that despite its simplicity and robust performance, has not been extensively studied and analyzed. Our experiments show that this centroidbased classifier consistently and substantially outperforms other algorithms such as Naive Bayesian, k-nearest-neighbors, and C4.5, on a wide range of datasets. Our analysis shows that the similarity measure used by the centroid-based scheme allows it to classify a new document based on how closely its behavior matches the behavior of the documents belonging to different classes. This matching allows it to dynamically adjust for classes with different densities and accounts for dependencies between the terms in the different classes
Bandlimited Reconstruction of Multidimensional Images From Irregular Samples

We examine different sampling lattices and their respective bandlimited spaces for reconstruction of irregularly sampled multidimensional images. Considering an irregularly sampled dataset, we demonstrate that the non-tensor-product bandlimited approximations corresponding to the body-centered cubic and face-centered cubic lattices provide a more accurate reconstruction than the tensor-product bandlimited approximation associated with the commonly-used Cartesian lattice. Our practical algorithm uses multidimensional sinc functions that are tailored to these lattices and a regularization scheme that provides a variational framework for efficient implementation. Using a number of synthetic and real data sets we record improvements in the accuracy of reconstruction in a practical setting.
Synaptic vesicle exocytosis-endocytosis at central synapses: Fine-tuning at differential patterns of neuronal activity.

At nerve terminals, neurotransmitter release is mediated by exocytosis of synaptic vesicles at active zone. After exocytosis, vesicular components are efficiently retrieved by endocytosis. Tight coupling between synaptic vesicle exocytosis and endocytosis is critical for the maintenance of neurotransmission at central synapses. Recently, we have developed a new fluorescent pH reporter that permits us to examine exocytosis-endocytosis coupling at the level of individual synaptic vesicles at hippocampal synapses.1 To our surprise, we observed that the tight coupling of exocytosis and endocytosis broke down at very low stimulation frequencies, resulting in the generation of two endocytic vesicles per single exocytic fusion event. As stimulation frequency increased, exocytosis-endocytic coupling was restored with one endocytic vesicle generated for each vesicle exocytosed. Further studies revealed that the dissimilar patterns of exocytosis-endocytic coupling at different stimulation frequencies were mediated ...
On the economic theory of the labor-managed firm in the short run☆

Abstract This paper proposes a short-run utility-maximizing theory of the labor-managed firm (LMF), and shows how four previous theories can be derived from it. It is argued that one of the models, by Horvat, should be viewed as a type of satisficing theory for the LMF. In contrast to the theory of the conventional capitalist firm, it is the satisficing variant that provides efficient resource allocation. This paper also shows why comparative-static analysis may not be as accurate a predictor of short-run behavior of the LMF as it is for the profit-maximizing firm. Consideration is given to microeconomic policy in a socialist labor-managed economy.
Chloroform toxicity in the mouse: Role of genetic factors and steroids

DBA/2J male mice are more sensitive to the 10-day lethal effect of chloroform (CHCl3) than are C57BL/6J males, whereas B6D2F1/J mice are intermediate. This relative order of sensitivity is preserved following sublethal doses of CHCl3 in regard to radiolabel accumulation into subcellular biochemical fractions and renal, but not hepatic, dysfunction. Kidneys from mice of all three genotypes are able to repair tubular damage from CHCl3. Thus genotypic differences in response to the toxic effects of CHCl3 are manifestations of differences in renal, rather than hepatic, responses or the ability to repair renal damage. Prior to toxic exposure to chloroform covalent binding of 14CHCl3 to renal microsomes was greater in DBA than in C57BL mice. Phenobarbital pretreatment enhanced covalent binding by renal microsomes from DBA, but not from C57BL mice. Testosterone sensitizes kidneys of both male and female DBA/2J and C57BL/6J mice in a dose-dependent fashion to the toxic effects of CHCl3. The androgenic progestin, medroxyprogesterone acetate, invokes similar responses. These effects are probably mediated in the kidneys by the androgen receptor. Progesterone and hydrocortisone sensitize kidneys to CHCl3 in DBA/2J males, but not in females, nor in C57BL/6J mice of either sex.
The Advertising Exposure Effect of Free Standing Inserts

Abstract Manufacturers of consumer packaged goods regularly distribute coupons through free standing inserts in newspapers. In this paper, we investigate the possibility that free standing inserts have an advertising exposure effect that influences the brand purchases of shoppers who do not use coupons in the category studied. If free standing inserts for a brand do have a pure advertising exposure effect, there should be an increase in the sales of that brand even to non-users of the coupons. Results of an empirical analysis show that such an effect does exist for two of the six cases investigated. We also find some evidence of a cross-brand advertising exposure effect indicating that the sales of a competing brand to non-users of coupons decrease in the weeks following the appearance of a coupon in a free standing insert.