cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes of cardiac surgery patients undergoing therapeutic plasma exchange for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

Background and objectives Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an antibody-mediated condition that leads to thrombocytopenia and possible thrombosis. Patients with HIT who require cardiac surgery pose a challenge as high doses of heparin or heparin alternatives are required to permit cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Intraoperative therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is a valuable adjunct in the management of antibody-mediated syndromes including HIT. The clinical impact of TPE on thromboembolic events, bleeding and mortality after heparin re-exposure is not well established. We hypothesized that TPE with heparin re-exposure will not lead to HIT-related thromboembolic events, bleeding or increased mortality after cardiac surgery with CPB. Materials and methods We reviewed 330 patients who received perioperative TPE between September 2012 and September 2017. Results Twenty four patients received TPE for HIT before anticipated heparin use for CPB. Most patients were males (79%) scheduled for advanced heart failure therapies. Three patients (12·5%) died within 30 days after surgery but none of the deaths were considered HIT-related. Thromboembolic events (TE) occurred in 3 patients within 7 days of surgery; of those, two were possibly HIT-related. Conclusion Therapeutic plasma exchange with heparin re-exposure was not strongly associated with HIT-related thrombosis/death after cardiac surgery with CPB.
Use of bacteria community analysis to distinguish groundwater recharge sources to shallow wells

In this study, bacteria community analysis was performed to supplement a preexisting evaluation of nitrate contamination in drinking water wells at a coastal site in Old Lyme, CT. Given well usage and coastal hydrogeologic conditions, the source(s) of nitrate contamination in domestic wells could not be discerned between local septic systems or a nearby farm where organic fertilizers were used. Groundwater bacteria communities are known to be sensitive to a variety of environmental conditions. As such, they are potentially useful in distinguishing groundwater recharge sources. Groundwater samples collected from wells were analyzed using polymerase chain reactions (PCR) and 16S rRNA sequencing to determine the bacteria distributions in each well. The biostatistical analysis of the data using Bray-Curtis nonmetric multidimensional scaling and permutational multivariate analysis of variance revealed three distinct bacteria community distributions that coincided with three different areas on the site. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) of the water quality data revealed that wells with similar bacteria shared similar water quality, all of which was indicative of local recharge. These findings suggested that the domestic well nitrate contamination was derived from local septic systems rather than the farm. Septic indicator analysis using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry determined the presence of caffeine in domestic wells, which was consistent with the conclusions from the bacteria analysis, PCA, and the known hydrogeologic conditions. The low cost, ease of sample collection, and growing availability of bioinformatics laboratory services and software are conducive to the application of microbial community analysis as a supplemental tool for groundwater investigations.
Is there an Optimal Door-to-Treatment Time for Acute Pulmonary Embolism? A National Propensity Match Analysis

Introduction: Currently, there is limited data on the optimal door-to-treatment time for acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Purpose: To determine the relationship between early vs late systemic thrombolytics (ST) on morbidity, and health care resource utilization in patients admitted to the hospital in the United States with acute PE. Method: A retrospective study was conducted using the AHRQ-HCUP National Inpatient Sample for the year 2014. Adults (≥ 18 years) with a principal diagnosis of acute PE and a procedural of systemic thrombolysis were identified using ICD-9 codes as described in the literature. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were length of hospital stay (LOS), total hospitalization costs, and 30-day readmission rates. Propensity score (PS) using the next neighbor method without replacement with 1:1 matching was utilized to adjust for confounders. Results: In total, 156,293 hospital admissions with a primary diagnosis of acute PE, 2.6% had systemic thrombolysis within 24 hours of admission. In-hospital morality is similar between early and late ST (p=0.97). However, 30-day readmission rate was significantly lower for early ST compared to late ST (7.05 vs 19.5%, p Conclusion: Early use of ST was associated with a lower 30-day readmission rate, higher LOS, and higher total hospital cost.
Optimistic Policy Iteration for MDPs with Acyclic Transient State Structure

We consider Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) in which every stationary policy induces the same graph structure for the underlying Markov chain and further, the graph has the following property: if we replace each recurrent class by a node, then the resulting graph is acyclic. For such MDPs, we prove the convergence of the stochastic dynamics associated with a version of optimistic policy iteration (OPI), suggested in Tsitsiklis (2002), in which the values associated with all the nodes visited during each iteration of the OPI are updated.
Exploring the Perspectives of Teachers of the Visually Impaired Regarding Accessible K12 Computing Education

As the computing job market continues to expand, the demand for eligible professionals to fill open positions has increased. In response, diversity efforts seek to broaden the participation of underrepresented populations in computing. This movement towards broadening participation includes blind or visually impaired (BVI) people who, historically, have faced barriers in succeeding in a primarily visually-oriented field. The present literature has examined modifying current tools for greater accessibility for BVI people and developing new, more inclusive learning environments. We argue, however, for additional investigation into the accessibility of computing education from the lens of instructors who teach computing to BVI students. Our paper reports on findings from interviews investigating the learning experience of BVI students in computer science courses from the perspective of teachers of the visually impaired (TVI). We interviewed K12 TVIs regarding their experience teaching students how to code, preparing lectures to accommodate their students' needs, and the resources they believe are necessary to help teachers provide more accessible instruction to the students. Our findings revealed that despite the recent improvements to increase accessibility in K12 computer science curricula, challenges still exist regarding the technology used by BVI students and the lack of accessible learning materials available to teachers. Additionally, our participants offer suggestions of resources to help K12 teachers in providing more accessible instruction to their students. The findings may benefit those interested in improving accessibility in computing education for students with disabilities.
Roi Ottley's World War II: The Lost Diary of an African American Journalist by Mark A. Huddle Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2011, 199 Pp.

(2011). Roi Ottley's World War II: The Lost Diary of an African American Journalist by Mark A. Huddle Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2011, 199 Pp. American Journalism: Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 153-155.
On physical adsorption: IX. Sub-critical and subpracritical adsorption isotherms for krypton monolayers on graphitized carbon black

Abstract The critical temperature of condensation for an adsorbed monolayer of krypton on graphitized carbon black, P-33, is shown to be approximately 82°K. Adsorption isotherms for temperatures (77.1°K. and 90.1°K.) close to this critical temperature offer experimental evidence that two-dimensional condensation may be described by a two-dimensional analogue of van der Waals' equation.
Semi-structured interference suppression for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

We present a novel, computationally simple method for interference suppression in an orthogonal-frequency division multiplexing system with multiple receive antennas. The algorithm estimates the power spectrum of the interference and noise using a low-order time-domain model, and uses a penalized-likelihood approach to adaptively choose the model order. Numerical examples illustrate the performance of our method.
Use of Systems Analysis to Assess and Minimize Water Security Risks

Drinking water systems are vulnerable to contamination by toxic substances, whether the contaminants are introduced intentionally during a terrorist attack, or unintentionally through accidental cross-connections or backflow incidents. In this paper, we discuss the particular characteristics of distribution systems that make a “systems modeling” approach useful and effective in assessing, preventing, and mitigating water security threats, and we outline the research needed to develop robust models for water security.
Research Opportunities on the Low Temperature Microgravity Physics Facility (LTMPF) on the International Space Station

The Low Temperature Microgravity Physics Facility (LTMPF) is a state-of-the-art facility for long duration science investigations whose objectives can only be achieved in microgravity and at low temperature. LTMPF consists of two reusable, cryogenic facilities with self-contained electronics, software and communication capabilities. The Facility will be first launched by Japanese HIIA Rocket in 2004 with at least five months cryogen lifetime on the Japanese Experiment Module Exposed Facility (JEM EF) of the International Space Station (ISS). Future missions will be launched and retrieved by the Space Shuttle. A number of high precision sensors of temperature, pressure and capacitance will be available, which can be further tailored to accommodate a wide variety of low temperature experiments. This paper will describe the LTMPF and its goals and design requirements. Currently there are six candidate experiments in the flight definition phase to fly on LTMPF. Future candidate experiments will be selected through the NASA Research Announcement(NRA) process. Opportunities for utilization and collaboration with international partners will also be discussed.
Stability and Instability of Fourth-Order Solitary Waves

We study ground-state traveling wave solutions of a fourth-order wave equation. We find conditions on the speed of the waves which imply stability and instability of the solitary waves. The analysis depends on the variational characterization of the ground states rather than information about the linearized operator.
Atmospheric and platform jitter effects on laser acquisition patterns

Several applications exist that require the acquisition of a distant target by illuminating it with a laser source, either cooperatively or non-cooperatively. Because of the uncertainties that exist in the knowledge of the target's position as well as the transmitting vehicles attitude, this acquisition process often involves scanning a laser beam over some uncertainty cone. The parameters of this scan can be adjusted to provide an acceptable intensity pattern within the uncertainty region. However, disturbances in the form of uncompensated platform jitter, atmospheric scintillation, and aero-optical effects due to boundary layer turbulence (if the transmitting terminal is located on a moving platform) combine to distort the desired pattern in the far field. A detailed simulation of the first two of these processes is developed and used as the basis for a trade study to show how to optimize the search parameters and maximize the probability of detection for a given set of disturbance inputs.
A new theory of sources of Birkeland currents

An approach to collisionless plasma shows the existence of current orthogonal to B along the low latitude boundary layer of the magnetosphere driven by electric field which is orthogonal to both B and the layer. In this case relationship P perpendicular + (sq B/8 pi) - (sq epsilon E perpendicular/8 pi) = constant holds on a line orthogonal to B and the layer, where epsilon is the dielectric constant of the plasma for electric fields orthogonal to B. Across the geomagnetic tail there flows a current in the direction of the dawn-dusk electric field, and in this case a relationship P perpendicular + (sq B/8 pi) + (sq epsilon E perpendicular/8 pi = constant, holds aong a line orthogonal to E and B. Divergence of both these currents is shown to be a source of Birkeland currents. Some of the boundary layer current is continuous with current across the tail. Electric currents of physically similar origin flow in interplanetary space, and when the magnetosphere interrupts them, additional Birkeland currents are driven.
AIDS, Social Work, and the “Duty to Protect”

This article discusses social workers' obligations in cases where clients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) pose a threat to a third party. Emphasis is on cases where a client diagnosed with AIDS withholds that information from a sexual partner. Legal and ethical issues concerning the limits of confidentiality and the social worker's "duty to protect" third parties are reviewed. Relevant case law and emerging ethical standards in various professions are summarized. The author reviews legal precedents concerning disclosure of confidential information without a client's permission and discusses their relevance to AIDS cases. Implications and guidelines for social workers are outlined.
Olive Ridley Sea Turtle Hatching Success as a Function of the Microbial Abundance in Nest Sand at Ostional, Costa Rica

Several studies have suggested that significant embryo mortality is caused by microbes, while high microbial loads are generated by the decomposition of eggs broken by later nesting turtles. This occurs commonly when nesting density is high, especially during mass nesting events (arribadas). However, no previous research has directly quantified microbial abundance and the associated effects on sea turtle hatching success at a nesting beach. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the microbial abundance in olive ridley sea turtle nest sand affects the hatching success at Ostional, Costa Rica. We applied experimental treatments to alter the microbial abundance within the sand into which nests were relocated. We monitored temperature, oxygen, and organic matter content throughout the incubation period and quantified the microbial abundance within the nest sand using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) molecular analysis. The most successful treatment in increasing hatching success was the removal and replacement of nest sand. We found a negative correlation between hatching success and fungal abundance (fungal 18S rRNA gene copies g-1 nest sand). Of secondary importance in determining hatching success was the abundance of bacteria (bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies g-1 g-1 nest sand). Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that high microbial activity is responsible for the lower hatching success observed at Ostional beach. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism appears to be the deprivation of oxygen and exposure to higher temperatures resulting from microbial decomposition in the nest.
Effects of Electrical Stimulation and Hot Boning on Functional Characteristics of Preblended Beef Muscle in Model Systems

Thirty beef carcasses were used to determine the effects of electrical stimulation (ES) and hot boning on the emulsifying capacity (EC) and thermal emulsion stability (TES) of preblended Triceps brachii (TB) muscle (long head) from sides assigned to one of four treatments: (1) conventionally boned after chilling at 2–8°C until 48 hr postmortem (CB); (2) hot boned at 1 hr postmortem (HB); (3) ES during bleeding and conventionally boned at 48 hr postmortem (ESCB); and (4) ES during bleeding and hot boned at 1 hr postmortem (ESHB). HB preblended samples had greater EC and TES values than CB preblended samples in both nonstimulated (P < 0.05) and stimulated carcasses. When compared to nonstimulated sides, ES decreased (P < 0.05) these values in both ESHB and ESCB sides.
One- and three-quasiparticle states in 121Sn

Abstract The reactions 119 Sn(t, p) 121 Sn and 120 Sn(t, d) 121 Sn have been studied at 13 MeV bombarding energy with energy resolutions of 15 keV and 11 keV, respectively. Angular distributions were measured from 12° to 66° in 6° steps and values of the transferred orbital angular momentum were derived. In the (t, d) case, spectroscopic factors are presented. Considerable f-strength from the (t, d) reaction is found near 2.5 MeV, which is about 2 MeV lower than expected from the single-particle model. One- and three-quasiparticle components of the 121 Sn states are examined in some detail. It is concluded that in spite of considerable mixing, the low-lying levels seem amenable to a core-particle description.
Fourier Transform Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the A 2Π3/2 ← X 2Π3/2 Transition of BrO†

The first spectra of the A 2Π3/2 ← X 2Π3/2 electronic transition of BrO using Fourier transform ultraviolet spectroscopy are obtained. Broadband vibrational spectra acquired at 298 ± 2 K and 228 ± ...
Neediness and Narcissistic Defensive Action

Action-prone patients are difficult for most analysts to treat. The author describes patients who act in treatment by pressuring themselves and the analyst to get rid of what is wrong, to change the imperative, life-and-death qualities of need into something else. Viewing neediness in treatment as narcissistic defensive action helps the analyst address the patient's pressured flight away from focusing on the need of the analyst and toward action aimed at riddance. Ghent's (1992, 1993) views on neediness are discussed and seen to be complemented by a view of action as protection against narcissistic vulnerability. Analysts' intolerance, vulnerabilities, and needs with such patients are considered.
On the scaling of multipole methods for particle–particle interactions

Abstract There is some controversy regarding the scaling of the fast multipole method (FMM). It has recently been proven by Aluru that the FMM is not a linear scaling method, but an O ( N log 4 N ) method. Aluru's proof cannot be applied to typical computational chemistry calculations where the required precision is smaller than the machine accuracy. In this Letter, we deal with this kind of situation and give a rigorous bound to the scaling and a statistical estimate. We also perform numerical tests. Our results agree with Aluru's proof. The scaling of other methods that use multipoles is also discussed.
Optimizing Treatment for Diabetes Mellitus Induced Erectile Dysfunction

Diabetes mellitus affects more than 6.2% of the population in the United States. Therefore, more than 8 million American men have the potential of being affected by diabetes mellitus induced erectile dysfunction (DMED).1 An association between diabetes mellitus and the development of erectile dysfunction has been documented in the literature since 1798.2 In fact, DMED represents one of the largest groups of erectile dysfunction. Between 25% and 75% of men with type 2 diabetes will complain of erectile dysfunction.3 In numerous epidemiological studies the odds ratio of having erectile dysfunction if a man is diabetic is 1.9 to 4 times greater than a population without diabetes, making diabetes one of the greatest risk factors for erectile dysfunction.4, 5 The incidence of DMED has been shown to be age associated. By the age of 30 years approximately 15% of diabetic men have erectile dysfunction, whereas by the age of 60 years 55% will have it. 6–8 Not only does erectile dysfunction occur at a higher frequency in younger patients with diabetes, but also DMED occurs at a greater frequency across all age groups. As the treatment of diabetes improves and patient life spans increase, the importance of quality of life issues in the treatment of diabetes becomes more prominent. Diabetic patients with erectile dysfunction have a significantly poorer quality of life demonstrated by self-reported quality of life indexes. The focus of diabetic therapy in the year 2002 is now directed toward decreasing the sequela of diabetes mellitus, including erectile dysfunction. A review of the mechanisms responsible for causing DMED and a focus on the clinical manifestations of diabetic erectile dysfunction will lead us to improved prevention and treatment of DMED. The purpose of this article is to review research, and preclinical and clinical information related to DMED, and discuss possible treatment, prevention strategies and future goals needed to improve our understanding of the unique pathophysiological attributes of diabetes and erectile dysfunction. MECHANISM OF DMED
Molecular and BioMolecular communication: Waveguides and possible role of microtubules

Living organisms provide undisputable evidence of biomolecular sensing, information processing and communication. Although the mechanisms of data and information processing and relevant tasks (coding, data storage, data retrieval, etc.) have not been fully comprehended, it is evident that extremely high data rate communication is maintained to support the exhibited functionalities and capabilities. Understanding the benchmarks of communication and processing in living organisms promise one to enable far-reaching foundations, transformative developments and breakthroughs. In this paper, we consider the spike-centric signaling, electromagnetic radiation, biophotonic and other communication schemes. We examine different mechanisms and apply well-established engineering concepts in analysis of communication channels. The channels ability to support the required data rates is assessed and evaluated. The channel capacity, attenuation rate and other descriptive measures are derived. We investigate microtubules as waveguides for propagating electromagnetic waves. It is shown through a set of representative examples that spike-centric signaling may not enable the required channel capacity, while microtubules may support extraordinary communication rates, superior speed and low attenuation at very high frequencies.
Multimodality tumor delineation via fuzzy fusion and deformable modeling

Radiation therapy is a treatment modality which seeks to deliver radiation energy to a localized site within a patient, in order to destroy a malignant tumor. The nature of radio-therapy results in dual, conflicting treatment goals: (1) the ability to deliver sufficient energy to a site so as to destroy the growth and, (2) sufficient localization of the energy to minimize the damage of surrounding, healthy tissue. One of the most important aspects of radiation dose treatment planning is the accurate localization of tumor masses. In order for a course of radiation therapy to be successful, the treatment volume must encompass the entire malignant process. Accordingly, the treatment volume must include the primary tumor of interest, as well as the direct and indirect course of the cancer's metastasis. Clinical results have demonstrated that a patient's tolerance to a given dose of radiation decreases as the volume exposed is increased. Therefore, improvements in tumor localization will provide the maximum amount of tissue sparing to the patient while encompassing the necessary target volume. An improved methodology is presented for the localization of tumors. This approach focuses on the integration of MRI and CT imaging data towards the generation of a mathematically optimal, tumor boundary. The solution to this problem is formulated within a framework integrating concepts from the fields of deformable modeling, fuzzy logic, and data fusion. Fuzzy edges derived from CT and MR are combined to form an integrated edge map, which subsequently guides the `growth' of a deformable tumor model. The fusion algorithm yields tumor contours which may be employed directly in the radiation therapy treatment planning process. Results are presented for the case of a phantom data set, with a simulated-implanted tumor, as well as for an actual patient.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Lightweight reference affinity analysis

Previous studies have shown that array regrouping and structure splitting significantly improve data locality. The most effective technique relies on profiling every access to every data element. The high overhead impedes its adoption in a general compiler, In this paper, we show that for array regrouping in scientific programs, the overhead is not needed since the same benefit can be obtained by pure program analysis.We present an interprocedural analysis technique for array regrouping. For each global array, the analysis summarizes the access pattern by access-frequency vectors and then groups arrays with similar vectors. The analysis is context sensitive, so it tracks the exact array access. For each loop or function call, it uses two methods to estimate the frequency of the execution. The first is symbolic analysis in the compiler. The second is lightweight profiling of the code. The same interprocedural analysis is used to cumulate the overall execution frequency by considering the calling context. We implemented a prototype of both the compiler and the profiling analysis in the IBM® compiler, evaluated array regrouping on the entire set of SPEC CPU2000 FORTRAN benchmarks, and compared different analysis methods. The pure compiler-based array regrouping improves the performance for the majority of programs, leaving little room for improvement by code or data profiling.
ADRENAL VEIN ALDOSTERONE LEVELS MAY DIFFERENTIATE ADENOMA FROM UNILATERAL HYPERPLASIA IN PRIMAEY HYPERALDOSTERONISM

Primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA) is a rare cause of low-renin hypertension in childhood. Only rarely in children does PHA result from an adrenal adenoma (ATA), in which cases the hypertension is cured by adrenalectomy. Most often in children, the syndrome arises from idiopathic bilateral hyperplasia, which is not amenable to surgery. In a case of unilateral adrenal hyperplasia (uIHA) in a child (Oberfield et al. 1984 Hypertension 6:75), all data indicated an adrenal adenoma, including imaging, adrenal vein sampling and supine/upright aldosterone (aldo) response. Three years postadrenalectomy, the contralateral adrenal was functioning normally and the patient was normotensive, a situation similar to uIHA seen in adults (Ganguly et al. 1980 JCEM 51:1190). We reviewed our experience with PHA associated with APA VS. uIHA two causes in children could be distinguished. Our patient with an adenoma APA similar to others (Ganguly et al. 1980 Pediatrics 65:605) had completealdo suppression in the contralateral adrenal Conclusion; Abnormally elevated unilateral adrenal vein aldosterone, when concurrent with normal adrenal vein aldosterone contralaterally, should strongly suggest unilateral hyperplasia rather than adenoma.
Feeding and Longevity of the Winter Stonefly, Allocapnia granulata (Claassen) (Plecoptera: Capniidae)

Field-collected stoneflies, Allocapnia granulata, were presented the following in a 2×2 factorial experiment: (1) food; (2) water; (3) food and water; and (4) no food or water. Stoneflies in treatments receiving water had a longer life span than those treatments not receiving water. Females were significantly longer-lived than males. Feeding was not a significant factor in the longevity of adult stoneflies; the fat body accrued as an immature amply supplied the requirements of the adults.
Energy dependence of pion inelastic scattering from 208Pb.

Differential cross sections were measured for pion elastic and inelastic scattering from {sup 208}Pb at {ital T}{sub {pi}}=120 and 250 MeV. Energy-dependent neutron- and proton-transition matrix elements for a range of excited states were extracted and tested for consistency, using several structure models.
Critical Role for STAT4 Activation by Type 1 Interferons in the Interferon-γ Response to Viral Infection

Interferons (IFNs) are essential for host defense. Although the antiviral effects of the type 1 IFNs IFN-α and IFN-β (IFN-α/β) have been established, their immunoregulatory functions, especially their ability to regulate IFN-γ production, are poorly understood. Here we show that IFN-α/β activate STAT4 directly (STAT, signal transducers and activators of transcription) and that this is required for IFN-γ production during viral infections of mice, in concert with T cell receptor–derived signals. In contrast, STAT1 appears to negatively regulate IFN-α/β induction of IFN-γ. Thus, type 1 IFNs, in addition to interleukin-12, provide pathways for innate regulation of adaptive immunity, and their immunoregulatory functions are controlled by modulating the activity of individual STATs.
Analytical Expansion and Numerical Approximation of the Fermi-Dirac Integrals {\cal F} j (x) of Order j=−1/2 and j=1/2

This paper uses properties of the Weyl semiintegral and semiderivative, along with Oldham's representation of the Randles–Sevcik function from electrochemistry, to derive infinite series expansions for the Fermi–Dirac integrals {\cal F}j(x), −∞<x<∞, je−1/2, 1/2. The practical use of these expansions for the numerical approximation of {\cal F}−1/2(x) and {\cal F}1/2(x) over finite intervals is investigated and an extension of these results to the higher order cases je3/2, 5/2, 7/2 is outlined.
Microshear banding in shock-consolidated microcrystalline alloy powders

Microshear bands (<0.02–0.03 μm thick), formed as a result of inhomogeneous plastic deformation within heavily deformed powder particle interiors, are observed during shock consolidation of microcrystalline Markomet 1064 (Ni_(55.8) Mo_(25.7) Cr_(9.7) B_(8.8)), and nickel based superalloys Pyromet 718 and Rene 95. Although part of the shock energy is utilized in melting of particle surfaces due to preferential plastic deformation near interfaces, a nonnegligible amount of energy is dissipated in plastic deformation within particle interiors. This involves localized regions of shear which are manifested as fine microshear bands of heavily twinned material, confined within individual powder particles. The thickness and length of the microshear bands is more than several orders of magnitude smaller than that in the macroscopic bands observed in materials subjected to unconstrained high-strain-rate deformation. The small size of the shear bands is attributed to the fact that the particle strain is limited, as individual powder particles are deformed to conform to their neighbors in the shock consolidation process.
Ross River Virus Glycoprotein-Pseudotyped Retroviruses and Stable Cell Lines for Their Production

Pseudotyped retroviruses have important applications as vectors for gene transfer and gene therapy and as tools for the study of viral glycoprotein function. Recombinant Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV)-based retrovirus particles efficiently incorporate the glycoproteins of the alphavirus Ross River virus (RRV) and utilize them for entry into cells. Stable cell lines that produce the RRV glycoprotein-pseudotyped retroviruses for prolonged periods of time have been constructed. The pseudotyped viruses have a broadened host range, can be concentrated to high titer, and mediate stable transduction of genes into cells. The RRV glycoprotein-pseudotyped retroviruses and the cells that produce them have been employed to demonstrate that RRV glycoprotein-mediated viral entry occurs through endocytosis and that membrane fusion requires acidic pH. Alphavirus glycoprotein-pseudotyped retroviruses have significant advantages as reagents for the study of the biochemistry and prevention of alphavirus entry and as preferred vectors for stable gene transfer and gene therapy protocols.
Structural studies of Pt-Sn catalysts on high and low surface area alumina supports

For a series of catalysts containing 1 wt. % Pt and Sn∶Pt ratios ranging from ca. 1 to 8, the only crystalline alloy phase detected by XRD was SnPt (1∶1). The XRD intensity of lines for the SnPt (1∶1) alloy phase increase with increasing Sn∶Pt ratios, indicating the presence of unalloyed Pt in the samples containing low tin loadings.
ON THE GIBBS PHENOMENON V: RECOVERING EXPONENTIAL ACCURACY FROM COLLOCATION POINT VALUES OF A PIECEWISE ANALYTIC FUNCTION

The paper presents a method to recover exponential accuracy at all points (including at the discontinuities themselves), from the knowledge of an approximation to the interpolation polynomial (or trigonometrical polynomial). We show that if we are given the collocation point values (or an highly accurate approximation) at the Gauss or Gauss-Lobatto points, we can reconstruct an uniform exponentially convergent approximation to the function f(x) in any sub-interval of analyticity. The proof covers the cases of Fourier, Chebyshev, Legendre, and more general Gegenbauer collocation methods.
Neuropsychological development in children with Dravet syndrome.

Summary Purpose Aim of this study is to report a detailed profile of neuropsychological development in children with Dravet syndrome. Methods Twelve children with Dravet syndrome were longitudinally assessed using a detailed clinical and neuropsychological evaluation. Six had typical features of severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (SMEI) whereas the other six resulted borderline. All twelve underwent serial neuropsychological assessments with neurodevelopmental scales and further assessment of specific cognitive abilities. Results Our results reported an apparent normal development before disease onset, a general evolution in two main stages, more active the first one and with a general trend towards a clinical stabilization afterwards. The onset of cognitive decline was generally later than what is reported in other series; furthermore, the impairment of cognitive development is less severe, especially in borderline cases. As to specific cognitive competence, attention, visual motor integration, visual perception as well as executive functions are the most impaired abilities; language appears less involved, with a predominance of phonological defects. Conclusions In our cohort the global development of patients appear less affected than in previous studies. Furthermore, our study points out an impairment of several specific cognitive skills even in patients with a developmental quotient apparently in the normal range. Language and other cognitive skill impairment such as attention, visuo-spatial organization, working memory and executive function appear consistent with what is usually found in cerebellar disorders.
Global budgeting of hospitals in Hong Kong.

Abstract Policy-makers in industrialized countries face the dilemma of having to contain soaring hospital costs while resisting any reduction in the quality and quantity of hospital services. Among the many hospital financing systems, centralized control via global budgeting is advocated by some to be the most effective in containing hospital costs. Containing hospital costs, however, is but one aspect of the trade-off between cost containnment and quality of care. The hospital financing system of Hong Kong provides some insights into the extent to which cost control can be achieved through global budgeting; and its impact on the accessibility of hospital care. The case of Hong Kong highlights three necessary conditions for effective cost control: (1) the payer must have a clear policy stance on overall public spending; (2) the payer must have a clear policy stance on the importance of hospital care relative to other goods and services; and (3) the payer must also have the will and ability to limit hospital spending within finalized global budgets. However, successful cost containment in Hong Kong affects the accessibility of hospital care. In a time of population growth and economic prosperity, new community needs seem to have preceded government plans and actions to build hospital facilities.
TRADE-OFF BETWEEN INCREASED SIZE AND INCREASED BROADENING OF MAGNETO-OPTIC EFFECTS IN CERIUM AND URANIUM SYSTEMS

Abstract f -electron magnetic ordering and associated magneto-optic effects depend on a complicated interplay of the degree of localization in real and energy space as affected by the coulomb interaction with p d band electrons and within the f -electrons. This interplay reflects the mixed and fluctuating nature of the f configuration. A relatively simple way to try to assess the resulting trade-off of size and broadening of magneto-optic effects, capturing some gross effects of correlations ( f - f coulomb repulsion), is to use the LDA + U (coulomb repulsion energy) theory of Anisimov et al . We report the change this gives from our previous LDA results in comparison to the experiments of Schoenes and coworkers for CeSb, CeTe, UTe, and US; and we discuss our view as to the apparent shortcomings of the LDA + U results. In assessing the prospects for an optimized trade-off of size and broadening of magneto-optic effects, calculations of hydrostatic pressure effects may be quite valuable. We discuss how the use and understanding of pressure effects can provide a paradigm for the variation of magnetic ordering and associated magneto-optic behavior possible between different compounds and alloys at ambient conditions.
Species differences in the in vitro metabolism of methapyrilene.

1. The metabolism of N, N-dimethyl-N'-(2-pyridyl)-N'-(2-thienylmethyl)-1,2- ethanediamine(methapyrilene, I) by liver microsomes from rat, guinea pig, and rabbit has been examined.2. Methapyrilene-N-oxide, (III), normethapyrilene, (II), 2-thiophene methanol, (VI), 2-thiophene carboxylic acid, (VII), N-(2-pyridyl)-N',N'-dimethylethylenediamine, (IX), and methapyrilene amide, (XIV) were found in all species.3. N-(2-Thienylmethyl)-2-amino pyridine, (VIII), 2-aminopyridine, (X), and (5-hydroxypridyl)-methapyrilene, (XII), were detected in rat and rabbit only.4. N-Hydroxynormethapyrilene, (XXI), was tentatively identified by mass spectral fragmentation patterns only in rabbit liver microsomes incubations; however, it was found in 9000 g supernatant fraction incubations of rabbit, rat and guinea pig.5. The formation of IX and XII was quantitatively more important in the rat than in either rabbit or guinea pig.
Controller required? the impact of natural mapping on interactivity, realism, presence, and enjoyment in motion-based video games

In three experiments with U.S. undergraduates, effects of three levels of naturally mapped control interfaces were compared on a player's sense of presence, interactivity, realism, and enjoyment in video games. The three levels of naturally mapped control interfaces were: kinesic natural mapping (using the player's body as a game controller), incomplete tangible mapping (using a controller in a way similar to a real object), and realistic tangible mapping (using a controller or an object that directly relates to the real-life activity the game simulates). The results show that levels of interactivity, realism, spatial presence, and enjoyment were consistent across all conditions. However, when performing activities such as table tennis or lightsaber dueling with objects in-hand (incomplete tangible or realistic tangible conditions), perceived reality was a more important predictor of spatial presence. When performing the same activities with empty hands, interactivity emerged as the more important direct predictor of spatial presence. Control interface, therefore, matters greatly to the route by which cognitive processing of games takes place and how enjoyment is produced.
Stem and clump counts as predictors of crown area in bear oak

Abstract Several studies of the influence of stand density on mast and browse yields in bear oak (Quercus ilicifolia) have shown no significant relationships when density was measured on a clumps (trees) per hectare basis with no consideration of crown area. Equations depicting the relationships between clump counts and crown area, and stem counts and crown area, are presented for three ages of bear oak. These relationships should be considered in future studies of stand density effects in this species.
Ultrastructure and histochemistry of the ultimobranchial body of fresh-water turtles

The ultimobranchial body of fresh-water turtles,Pseudemys scripta andChrysemys picta, ultrastructurally and histochemically resembles the gland of other vertebrate groups and the homologous thyroid parafollicular cells of mammals. Characteristic features of all of these tissues are secretory granules measuring approximately 150–250 mμ, a distended endoplasmic reticulum, prominent Golgi regions and large numbers of free ribosomes. Unusual features of the turtle ultimobranchial body are an abundance of large cytoplasmic bodies measuring 800–1000 mμ and a dense, homogenous material within the lumina of the ultimobranchial follicles. The large cytoplasmic bodies usually occur near the luminal portion of the cells and are of similar electron density to the luminal contents, suggesting a possible functional relationship of these two glandular components.
Myopericarditis associated with varicella zoster virus infection.

Acute myopericarditis is a major cause of acquired heart disease worldwide in pediatric patients. Various viruses have been reported as the etiology, of which varicella zoster virus was first reported in 1953. However, since nationwide administration of the varicella vaccine, reports of varicella-associated myopericaridits have become sporadic. We report a case of varicella myopericarditis with an initial manifestation of chest pain, tachycardia, and hypotension. Typical skin vesicles developed 2 days after these symptoms, which confirmed the diagnosis. Intravenous immunoglobulin was administered before the appearance of the skin vesicles under the impression of suspected Coxsackie virus infection. Intravenous acyclovir effectively controlled the progression of the disease, and both clinical symptoms and electrocardiographic changes subsided soon after the use of an antiviral agent. Varicella zoster virus serum IgM antibody also showed positive test results. On the following visit, the patient’s myocardial function had fully recovered from this episode.
Breaking walls, raising fences : Masculinity, intimacy, and accountability among the Promise keepers

The Promise Keepers' desire to rejuvenate "godly manhood" has stimulated debate about this evangelical men's movement. This study addresses two key questions: (1) What do Promise Keeper luminaries understand to be godly manhood? (2) What is the impact of elite PK definitions of godly manhood on the gender identities and practices of this group's members? I begin by briefly sketching the contours of two competing gender discourses -- instrumentalist versus expressive masculinity -- advanced by Promise Keeper leaders. I then examine the ways in which these divergent discourses of masculinity are reproduced, negotiated, and creatively reformulated through accountability groups frequented by PK members in a Texas metropolitan area. I reveal how social interaction and identity negotiation within these settings meld together contradictory gender practices, thereby producing a godly masculinity that is marked by both expressive and instrumental characteristics. My investigation concludes by addressing the implications of these findings, and by specifying directions for future research on the Promise Keepers.
PROTECTION AND REAL PORTFOLIO INCOMES: A STOLPER‐SAMUELSON RELATIONSHIP FOR THE VERY SHORT RUN

Of the four basic theorems of CRS trade theory, only the Stolper-Samuelson theorem has an application to the very short run. On impact, a small tariff increases the disposable real income of a representative portfolio if and only if the protected sector is more capital intensive than average. This proposition applies regardless of the weight of the protected commodity in the consumption basket and regardless of the number of goods or factors. Copyright 1994 by Blackwell Publishers Ltd and The Victoria University of Manchester
Shear bond strengths of one-bottle adhesives to oil-contaminated enamel.

Purpose: To evaluate resin bond strength to enamel contaminated with handpiece oil. Materials and Methods: Bovine teeth were randomly assigned to six groups of 20 teeth each for treatment with one of six different bonding systems (five one-bottle and one multibottle). For each system, 10 enamel specimens were contaminated with handpiece oil before acid-etching and 10 were contaminated after acid-etching. The enamel was etched for 15 seconds using 35% phosphoric acid. Following adhesive application, composite resin was bonded using a gelatin capsule technique. Shear bond strengths from the two contaminated groups were compared to bond strengths to uncontaminated enamel obtained from a previous study that was performed by the same group of investigators, using the same facility, materials, and methods. Results: Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the factor “surface contamination” did not have a significant effect on bond strength (p > .542). The type of adhesive and the interaction of adhesive and surface contamination were significant (p <.0001 and p <.003, respectively). When oil was applied before etching, mean bond strengths ranged from 18.0 ± 4.8 MPa for OptiBond SOLO (Kerr Corp., Orange, California) to 25.3 ± 5.6 MPa for Tenure Quik with Fluoride (Den-Mat Corp., Santa Maria, California). With oil applied after etching, bond strengths ranged from 18.4 ± 8.0 MPa for Tenure Quik with Fluoride to 27.4 ± 5.4 MPa for Single Bond (3M Dental Products, St. Paul, Minnesota). For the same adhesive, comparing uncontaminated and “oil-before-etch” contaminated groups, the only statistically significant difference in bond strengths was for OptiBond SOLO: 21.8 ± 4.0 MPa (uncontaminated) versus 18.0 ± 4.8 MPa (oil before etch). Comparing uncontaminated and “oil-after-etch” groups, the only statistically significant difference was for Tenure: 24.5 ± 5.7 MPa (uncontaminated) and 18.4 ± 8.0 MPa (oil after etch). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Surface contamination with handpiece lubricant oil does not impair appreciably the efficacy of the adhesives used in this study when bonding composite resin to enamel.
Moving Medical Advances from Prototype into Practice

Improving health care outcomes is difficult, and we have known for many years that successful efforts are more likely to involve a blend of approaches rather than a single “silver bullet.”1 Over the past 15 years, dozens of published trials have supported use of the multipronged “collaborative care” model as an effective strategy for improving treatment outcomes for depression2–4 as well as for a variety of other chronic medical conditions.5 Based on the Wagner Chronic Care Model, collaborative care involves active follow-up by a non-physician allied health professional “care manager” who supports patients with the time and frequency of contacts necessary to educate them about their illness and evidence-based treatment options; involves primary care physicians as active participants in their patients’ care; and proactively monitors patients’ response to therapy and suggests adjustments in care when indicated. Yet despite the proven efficacy and cost-effectiveness of this approach, collaborative care strategies have yet to be implemented widely into routine practice beyond a few large integrated health care delivery organizations.6 This lack of implementation may be due to factors ranging from the complexity, effort, and costs associated with the change (e.g., electronic medical records); reluctance by health plans to pay for new treatments and modalities of care delivery (e.g., telehealth); development of novel treatments in isolation from the real world of patient care and attention towards financial profits and losses (e.g., unbillable care manager time); lack of demand for services, particularly by patients who may be stigmatized by their condition (depression); and investigator lack of follow-through or skill with the science of implementation.7