cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identifying cycling genes by combining sequence homology and expression data

Motivation: The expression of genes during the cell division process has now been studied in many different species. An important goal of these studies is to identify the set of cycling genes. To date, this was done independently for each of the species studied. Due to noise and other data analysis problems, accurately deriving a set of cycling genes from expression data is a hard problem. This is especially true for some of the multicellular organisms, including humans. Results: Here we present the first algorithm that combines microarray expression data from multiple species for identifying cycling genes. Our algorithm represents genes from multiple species as nodes in a graph. Edges between genes represent sequence similarity. Starting with the measured expression values for each species we use Belief Propagation to determine a posterior score for genes. This posterior is used to determine a new set of cycling genes for each species. We applied our algorithm to improve the identification of the set of cell cycle genes in budding yeast and humans. As we show, by incorporating sequence similarity information we were able to obtain a more accurate set of genes compared to methods that rely on expression data alone. Our method was especially successful for the human dataset indicating that it can use a high quality dataset from one species to overcome noise problems in another. Availability: C implementation is available from the supporting website: Contact: zivbj@cs.cmu.edu
Timing analysis based on primitive path delay fault identification

We present a novel timing analysis mechanism which is based on identifying primitive path delay faults (primitive PDFs) in a circuit. We show that this approach gives the exact maximum delay of the circuit under the floating mode of operation assumption. Our timing analysis approach provides a framework where component delay correlations and signal correlations arising from fabrication process, signal propagation, and signal interaction effects can be handled very accurately. Under these effects, timing analysis using previously reported floating mode timing analyzers, e.g., viability, TrueD-F etc., is very pessimistic. Our timing analysis approach based on primitive PDF identification is also more efficient than conventional floating mode path sensitization analysis mechanisms in situations where critical paths need to be re-identified due to component delay speedup (e.g., post-layout delay optimization). We demonstrate the applicability of our timing analysis approach for a variety of benchmark circuits, and demonstrate the pessimism of conventional floating mode timing analysis approaches in accounting for signal propagation effects.
Input synchronization in low power CMOS arithmetic circuit design

Power dissipation in static CMOS circuits can be directly related to the signal transition activity of the circuit. Spurious, unwanted, transition activity can account for a large percentage of the overall transition activity. One cause of spurious activity is relative skew in the arrival time of asynchronous input signals. We measure the effects of input signal arrival skew on a typical CMOS full adder cell, on an 8-bit ripple carry, and on small partial product reduction arrays. We use three-state buffers to synchronize the inputs to these circuits and examine the trade-off.
Regional Tolerance to Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution: Evidence That the Kidney May Be at Greatest Risk

Objective To evaluate the regional tolerance to acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH). Design Prospective animal study. Setting University research laboratory. Participants Nine anesthetized (isoflurane) dogs. Interventions Hematocrit reduced in 10% decrements using dextran-for-blood exchange until cardiac insufficiency observed. Measurements and Main Results Cardiac index (CI) was measured using thermodilution and regional blood flow (RBF) in myocardium, brain, spinal cord, kidney, liver, duodenum, pancreas, spleen, skeletal muscle, and skin with radioactive microspheres. Oxygen delivery (DO2) was calculated from the product of respective blood flow and arterial oxygen content. Systemic oxygen extraction (EO2) and oxygen consumption (VO2) were calculated. Increases in CI during ANH were inadequate to prevent decreases in systemic DO2; however, an increased systemic EO2 maintained VO2 during graded ANH to hematocrit Conclusions During graded ANH, increases in RBF were sufficient to maintain DO2 in only the heart, brain, and spinal cord. The especially marked decrease in DO2 in the kidney, combined with previous physiologic studies demonstrating its inability to augment EO2, suggest that this organ may be the most at risk of hypoxic damage during ANH.
Commentary: IMRT for head and neck cancer: Many chapters left to write

INTRODUCTION Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is a major improvement in radiotherapy delivery for head and neck cancer [1]. The question remains whether or not it represents a major improvement in the treatment of head and neck cancer. Gregoire et al. [2] have nicely reviewed the salient data that currently exist for the theoretical and actual benefits of IMRT in this issue of The Oncologist. However, many questions remain unanswered. These questions fall into two basic categories: (a) How do we use IMRT in concert with other important established advances in head and neck cancer treatment, such as altered fractionation, chemotherapy, and novel agents? (b) Does IMRT in its current formulation produce the risk– benefit improvements it purports to achieve, that is, salivary sparing/less xerostomia, and better targeting/local control? And what is the cost required to achieve these gains? Finally, are there any potential longterm effects of changing the method of delivery of head and neck radiotherapy, such as a greater societal cost and the potential risk for second malignancies [3].
Computer-Aided Peer Review of Writing:

Classes that require writing assignments commonly engage students in some form of peer review. Such reviews can profit from two computer applications: news groups and specialized communication client software. In a recent survey, a majority of the students who conducted peer reviews in a business writing class found the activities useful and worthy of repeating in future semesters. But they suggested that faculty provide more guidelines and topics to enhance the substance of the review, train students more directly in the computer applications, and allot more time to conduct the reviews at a comfortable pace.
Breast Cancer Screening: Cultural Beliefs and Diverse Populations

This article addresses the role of culture in breast cancer screening behavior among African American, American Indian/Alaskan Native, Asian American/Pacific Islander, and Hispanic/ Latina women. It reviews cultural beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge and their relative influence on women's decisions regarding health tests. The article explores how to build on these cultural values, simultaneously mediating their barrier effects. Building on cultural explanatory models of health behavior, suggestions for incorporating culture into early detection strategies for ethnically and racially diverse, underserved women are provided. In addition, the article offers four practice principles that can be used with all of the groups: inclusion and use of indigenous support; cross-application of approaches for diverse populations; honor and incorporation of culture; and attention to language, literacy, and cultural information.
A Theoretical Framework of Vehicle Design for Multi-Modal Dynamic System-of-Systems

System-of-Systems are notably composed of a set of independent and often dissimilar systems. The collection of independent systems interact and operate in modes that yield emergent characteristics/behaviors of System-of-Systems that cannot be achieved by any single system element of System-of-Systems. This paper considers a class of System-ofSystems problems that are composed of a set of independent dissimilar systems. This class of System-of-Systems is expected to operate in a manner that optimizes a prescribed performance index. To achieve this goal, this System-of-Systems employs both existing and yet-to-be-designed resources. This problem is transformed into a mathematical abstraction that describes a concurrent system design and system control. A particular interest is placed on System-of-Systems that employs multi-modal resources. Using analytical tools from control system theory and optimization, the paper shows (i) how to formulate the resulting optimization problem, (ii) how to solve the optimization problem of concurrent design and control, and (ii) how to employ set of tools to solve the concurrent designoptimization emerging in the problem of designing a new vehicle to be embedded in a System-of-Systems.
Respiratory health effects of large animal farming environments

With increases in large animal-feeding operations to meet consumer demand, adverse upper and lower respiratory health effects in exposed agriculture workers are a concern. The aim of this study was to review large animal confinement feeding operational exposures associated with respiratory disease with a focus on recent advances in the knowledge of causative factors and cellular and immunological mechanisms. A PubMed search was conducted with the keywords airway, farm, swine, dairy, horse, cattle inflammation, organic dust, endotoxin, and peptidoglycan, among items were published between 1980 and now. Articles were selected based on their relevance to environmental exposure and reference to airway diseases. Airway diseases included rhinitis, sinusitis, mucus membrane inflammation syndrome, asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and organic dust toxic syndrome. There is lower prevalence of immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated asthma and atopy in farmers and their children, but organic dust worsens existing asthma. Multiple etiologic factors are linked to disease, including allergens, organic dusts, endotoxins, peptidoglycans, and gases. Large animal confinement feeding operations contain a wide diversity of microbes with increasing focus on gram-positive bacteria and archaebacteria as opposed to gram-negative bacteria in mediating disease. Toll-like receptors (TLR) and nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like innate immune pathways respond to these exposures. Finally, a chronic inflammatory adaptation, tolerance-like response in chronically exposed workers occurs. Large animal confinement farming exposures produce a wide spectrum of upper and lower respiratory tract diseases due to the complex diversity of organic dust, particulates, microbial cell wall components, and gases and resultant activation of various innate immune receptor signaling pathways.
The (Continued) Search for (Law and) American Political Development

This paper will examine recent work in the public law subfield that integrates the study of legal and constitutional change with political development. Revisiting the classic work of Karen Orren and Stephen Skowronek, The Search for American Political Development, I will survey this emerging scholarship with an eye to particular advances (methodological, conceptual, substantive).
Direct probe of Fermi surface evolution across a pressure-induced quantum phase transition

The nature of a material's Fermi surface is crucial to understanding its electronic, magnetic, optical, and thermal characteristics. Traditional measurements such as angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and de Haas–van Alphen quantum oscillations can be difficult to perform in the vicinity of a pressure-driven quantum phase transition, although the evolution of the Fermi surface may be tied to the emergence of exotic phenomena. We demonstrate here that magnetic x-ray diffraction in combination with Hall effect measurements in a diamond anvil cell can provide valuable insight into the Fermi surface evolution in spin- and charge-density-wave systems near quantum phase transitions. In particular, we track the gradual evolution of the Fermi surface in elemental chromium and delineate the critical pressure and absence of Fermi surface reconstruction at the spin-flip transition.
Mapping Interstate Territorial Conflict: A New Data Set and Applications

This article describes a new data set consisting of precise digital maps of regions that were the subject of interstate territorial disputes in the period 1947 to 2000. Each dispute identified by H...
Effects of a Home-Based DVD-Delivered Physical Activity Program on Self-Esteem in Older Adults: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial.

ABSTRACTObjectiveAlthough center-based supervised physical activity interventions have proved to be successful in attenuating health declines in older adults, such methods can be costly and have limited reach. In the present study, we examined the effects of a DVD-delivered exercise intervention on
Radiocarbon in the Oceans

This chapter reviews how radiocarbon (14C) in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) has been used to determine the cycling time of water within the world ocean, and how 14C in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is being used to reveal the sources and cycling of this largest organic carbon pool in the ocean. In addition, recent studies that reveal the concentration and 14C values of black carbon in DOC in the oceans are presented.
Microclimate and Local Climate

This book provides an up-to-date, comprehensive treatment of the variables and processes of microclimate and local climate, including radiation balance and energy balance. It describes and explains the climate within the lower atmosphere and upper soil, the region critical to life on Earth. Topics that are covered include not only the physical processes that affect microclimate, but also biological processes that affect vegetation and animals, including people. A geographic tour of the microclimates of the major ecosystems around the world is included. All major biomes and surface types, including urban areas, are examined, and the effects of climate change on microclimate are described. This book is invaluable for advanced students and researchers in climatology in departments of environmental science, geography, meteorology, agricultural science, and forestry.
Introduction: Cancer Stem Cells

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are tumorigenic cells that have the capacity to self-renew and differentiate into various types of cancer cells. It is hypothesized that the stemness of CSCs along with their ability to remain quiescent during periods of intense stress and to be shielded and nourished by their respective niches, allow these cells to evade chemotherapy and radiotherapy, thus making them the prime culprits for cancer recurrence even after aggressive treatment. In recent years, a multitude of models have been developed to study CSC development and propagation. These studies have suggested that successful cancer remission is contingent on the elimination of the CSC population, a task which currently is thought to require multiple synchronized therapies against the various tools these cells have developed to evade eradication. In this chapter, we will begin by characterizing CSCs and conclude with an overview of current therapeutic strategies to target this elusive and lethal cell population.
Stability and bias stressing of metal/insulator/metal diodes

The performance and stability of metal/insulator/metal tunnel diodes was investigated as a function of interfacial roughness using Al, Ir, Pt, and ultra-smooth amorphous multi-metal (ZrCuAlNi) bottom electrodes with uniform Al 2 O 3 tunnel dielectrics deposited via atomic layer deposition. Current density versus field behavior and device yield were found to be a function of interfacial roughness with smoother electrodes exhibiting more ideal behavior and higher percentages of working devices. A preliminary investigation of DC bias stressed devices suggests that interfacial roughness plays a large role in stability and reliability as well.
Abstract WP258: Effective Neuroprotection After Clinically Relevant Delay Using Intra-arterial Recanalization Plus Perivascular Hypothermia: Novel Approach to an Old Problem

Background: Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) shows considerable promise in laboratory ischemic stroke models. Delayed therapy confounds trials of any neuroprotectant, as well as inadvertent inclusion of non-recanalized patients in most clinical trials. The advent of intra-arterial thrombectomy (IAT) offers the opportunity to combine neuroprotection with controlled, documented recanalization. In contrast to prior rodent models using surface cooling techniques, clinical TH often uses endovascular cooling technology. We modeled delayed recanalization and simulated endovascular cooling in a rodent model. Method: A perivascular catheter was implanted retroperitoneally in 8 male, 300g, Sprague Dawley rats 6 days prior to a 4h heat blunted nylon filament MCAo. At reperfusion animals were randomized by an investigator outside the laboratory to brain temperature 33°C or 37°C (n=4 per group) monitored by a temporalis muscle needle thermistor. Saline pumped through the closed loop cooling circuit convectively changed vena cava and body core temperature. After 2h the circuit was disconnected and the animals returned to cages. Bederson 3-point neuroscores were obtained 4h and 24h after occlusion. After 24 hours, rats were sacrificed for TTC exclusion. Results: Perivascular cooling achieved very rapid target temperature ( Conclusions: A novel perivascular cooling catheter faithfully simulates endovascular cooling in a rat MCAo model. Filament removal simulates recanalization as would occur during IAT. The combination of recanalization after 4h MCAo and only 2h TH yielded highly significant neuroprotection, with a 50% treatment effect. Future clinical trials may consider combining brief, deep TH with IAT.
Simulation modeling of Houston Ship Channel vessel traffic for optimal closure scheduling

Abstract This paper focuses on simulation and analysis of the Houston Ship Channel vessel traffic and operation, through a discrete event model in Arena. The model is applied to mitigate the consequences of the channel closure for constructing a new bridge over the waterway. To evaluate different closure scenarios, real world data is analyzed, and a single factor ANOVA is used to find significant vessel waiting time differences. In addition, Fisher pairwise comparison method is applied to specify the best closure alternative. The results reveal that the best closure scenario will decrease waiting time up to 70%. The model can be used for assessing the performance of the system under different decision making frameworks.
Binge Eating and Weight Loss Outcomes in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: 4‐Year Results from the Look AHEAD Study

Objective This study aims to assess whether an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) for weight reduction precipitates binge eating (BE) and whether BE attenuates 4-year weight loss among participants with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity. Methods Participants (N = 4,901) were from Look AHEAD, a randomized controlled trial that compared ILI to diabetes support and education (DSE). Annual assessments of measured weight and self-reported BE were used. By using the yearly time points when a person endorsed BE, participants were classified as no BE, remitted BE, incident BE, inconsistent BE (2-3 years, including baseline), and consistent BE (≥ 4 years, including baseline). Cox regression and mixed-effects models were used for analyses. Results ILI participants were marginally more likely to report incident BE at year 4 than those in DSE (P = 0.06). At year 4, ILI participants with remitted BE lost more weight (4.7 ± 0.8%) than those with consistent BE (1.9 ± 1.0%; P = 0.03). ILI participants with no BE lost more weight (4.6 ± 0.2%) than those with incident BE (3.1 ± 0.6%; P = 0.02) and consistent BE (P = 0.01). DSE participants with remitted BE lost more weight than those with incident and consistent BE. Conclusions Preexisting BE did not seem to be a contraindication for ILI, although persistent BE attenuated weight loss. Patients who report new or ongoing BE may need additional treatment.
Documentation - A Forgotten Unit

(1974). Documentation - A Forgotten Unit. The Journal of Data Education: Vol. 14, No. 8, pp. 12-16.
Effect of Mirror Therapy Combined with Lower Extremity Muscle Strength Exercise on Gait and Balance of Patients with Chronic Stroke

PURPOSE: The present study aims to determine the effect of lower extremity muscle strength exercise at the non-paralyzed side of patients of stroke using a mirror on gait and balance. METHODS: Subjects were assigned randomly to a group of lower extremity exercise without using a mirror (n=10), a group of lower extremity motion exercise using a mirror (n=10), and a group of lower extremity muscle strength exercise using a mirror (n=10). The exercise is added to a physiotherapy program conducted at the hospital and subjects conducted their designed lower extremity exercises 30 times a day (5 sets), five days per week for four weeks. RESULTS: The study result showed that BBS(Berg balance scale)(p<.05) and TUG(timed up and go test)(p<.05) had a significant difference. In the comparison on gait ability, stride length, step length, step width and single support was a significant difference within two groups using a mirror before and after the intervention(p<.05). CONCLUSION: Conclusively, low extremity motion exercise using a mirror and low extremity muscle strength exercise using a mirror conducted along with general physiotherapy exercises had a positive effect on functions of lower extremity in patients with stroke and the recovery of paralyzed side thereby incurring a significant difference in balance and gait abilities.
The Relationship Between Treatment Acceptability and Youth Outcome in Group CBT for Youth with ASD and Anxiety

Anxiety is one of the most common co-occurring diagnoses in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based treatment that has been tailored for youth with ASD and anxiety and has shown good efficacy in reducing youth anxiety immediately after treatment. One area that has not been widely studied is acceptability of CBT for anxiety in this population. Acceptability includes beliefs about the potential helpfulness and satisfaction with a given treatment and may be important in understanding treatment outcomes. This study focuses on parent, youth, and clinician acceptability of a well-researched CBT program, Facing Your Fears, for youth with ASD and anxiety. Data was collected as part of a larger multi-site study that compared three different instructional conditions for clinicians learning the intervention. Results indicated that parents rated acceptability as higher for the overall treatment compared to youth. Further, youth and parents rated exposure related sessions as more acceptable than psychoeducation, and higher exposure acceptability ratings were predictive of lower youth anxiety levels post-treatment. Clinicians who received ongoing consultation rated treatment acceptability lower than clinicians in the other training conditions. While some clinicians may be hesitant to implement exposure techniques with this population, findings suggest that it is the technique that parents and youth rated as the most acceptable. Results are discussed in terms of treatment and research implications for youth with ASD and their families.
New HSP90 selective inhibitors as therapeutic agents for prostate and bladder cancer.

285Background: Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone responsible for folding many of the proteins directly associated with cancer progression and consequently, inhibition of the Hsp90 protein folding machinery results in a combinatorial attack on numerous oncogenic pathways. Hsp90 family consist of four isoforms; Hsp90α, Hsp90β, Grp94 and Trap-1. The development of Hsp90 isoform-selective inhibitors represent an alternative approach towards the treatment of cancer that may limit some of the detriments. We demonstrate novel Hsp90 inhibitors, on prostate and bladder cancer cells, which shows both potent antiproliferative effects and specific selectivity for Hsp90β. Methods: PC3MM2, LNCap-LN3, C4-2b, LAPC4 (prostate cancer) and T24, UC3 (bladder cancer) cancer cells were utilized. Cell Titer-Glo luminescent anti-proliferative assay was used to determine the IC50 numbers after 72h treatment. Trypan Blue Cytotoxicity assay was performed for 24h treatment with increasing concentrations of KUNB inhibitors. Effects of K...
Relativity in Hearing and Stimulus Discrimination.

What does it mean to hear a sound? What does it mean to perceive anything? Sound has no objective reality, such as “vibration.” Of two people together, one may hear a sound and one may not. We know only that their actions—their judgments—differ. Such comparison underlies all discriminations. In experiments on concept learning, for example, pigeons peck when they are shown a slide containing human beings and do not peck when the slide contains no humans. The experimenters judge beforehand whether the slides contain human beings or not, and the pigeons’ concept of human being is determined by the comparison between the experimenters’ judgments and the pigeons’ pecking or not. Similarly, to tell which of two people is hearing or deaf, an observer that can hear must judge whether their behavior corresponds with the observer’s judgments. In an experiment by Lubinski and Thompson (Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 16, 627–680, 1993), in which pigeons pecked at different keys depending on which of two different drugs they had received beforehand, the experimenters judged which drug had been injected, and the pigeons’ pecking corresponded to the experimenters’ judgments. If two persons’ judgments differ, they can only resolve the difference by deciding that one of them is mistaken. If no one is there to hear a tree fall in the forest, from the point of view of a science of behavior, it made no sound.
Photochemistry of Transition Metal Alkene, Arene, Alkyl, Hydride, and Carbene Complexes

Organometallic photochemistry provides a bridge between organic and inorganic photochemistry. In some instances the photoreactions occur primarily at the metal center, whereas in other cases the photochemistry is purely ligand centered. Finally, cases exist where the photoreaction occurs at a metal-ligand bond, and the reaction path is influenced by both the metal and ligand centers.
Simulation of a DSSS/MCM system in a Doppler spread channel

There has been a great deal of recent interest in the me of direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) in combination with multicarrier modulation (MCM). Although the proposed system implementations in the literature vary, all of these systems share the functionality of DSSS, MCM, and some form of a branch combiner at the receiver. This paper investigates the performance of such a system transmitting through a Doppler spread channel In fast fading the proposed system performance exhibits an irreducible bit error probability (BEP) even for the single user case. Dramatic performance improvements can be realized with the use of a maximal ratio combiner (MRC). Finally, we investigate the effect of a more realistic branch combiner which utilizes the output from a channel gain averager for the receiver combiner weights.
A Nod from Destiny: How Sportswriters for White and African-American Newspapers Covered Kenny Washington's Entry into the National Football League

Abstract The Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League signed Kenny Washington to a contract on 21 March 1946, ending the NFL's thirteen-year unwritten ban on African-American players. Washington played in the same UCLA backfield as Jackie Robinson, who would go on to break Major League Baseball's color barrier a little more than a year later. While events leading up to Robinsons signing and his first season with the Dodgers drew national attention and extensive news media coverage, Washington's signing with the Rams was a less-celebrated event. Still, African-American journalists, particularly those working for the Pittsburgh Courier and two Los Angeles-based African-American newspapers, the Sentinel and the Tribune, worked diligently to bring about Washington's signing. This research pays special attention to the work of three African-American sportswriters: Herman Hill of the Courier, Abie Robinson of the Sentinel, and Hallie Harding of the Tribune.
Small-Joint Arthroscopy in the Hand and Wrist

Arthroscopy of the small joints of the hand has become a reliable clinical tool, although somewhat limited in diagnostic applications. Therapeutic options are becoming increasingly available but must be balanced against the efficacy of open procedures. The arthroscopy of these joints is safe, but only if the relevant anatomy is thoroughly understood by the surgeon.
A Cross-Metathesis/Aza-Michael Reaction Strategy for the Synthesis of Cyclic and Bicyclic Ureas

The synthesis of cyclic and bicyclic ureas via a ruthenium-catalyzed cross-metathesis / aza-Michael reaction strategy between protected alkenyl ureas and Michael acceptors is described. The substrates for these reactions are generated in 1–3 steps from commercially available materials, and products are formed in moderate yield with up to >20:1 diastereoselectivity.
Generating Summaries through Selective Part of Speech Tagging

The paper describes a new method for generating extractive summaries. The methodology is an unsupervised method and it employs a new linguistic method. It is based on using selective part of speech (PoS) tagging for significant unigrams and bigrams extraction. A new selective rule-based part of speech tagging system is developed that concentrates on the most important parts of speech for summarizations, such as noun, verb, adjective. Other parts of speech such as prepositions, articles, adverbs, etc., play a lesser role in determining the meaning of sentences; therefore, they are not considered when choosing significant unigrams and bigrams. The most significant unigrams and bigrams along with other features of a text are used to build a final summary. The proposed method is tested on Citations and Opinosis data sets (user reviews on selected topics). Results show that the proposed method performs better than Text-Rank, LexRank, and Edmundson summarization methods.
Ensemble machine learning prediction of posttraumatic stress disorder screening status after emergency room hospitalization.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops in a substantial minority of emergency room admits. Inexpensive and accurate person-level assessment of PTSD risk after trauma exposure is a critical precursor to large-scale deployment of early interventions that may reduce individual suffering and societal costs. Toward this aim, we applied ensemble machine learning to predict PTSD screening status three months after severe injury using cost-effective and minimally invasive data. Participants (N = 271) were recruited at a Level 1 Trauma Center where they provided variables routinely collected at the hospital, including pulse, injury severity, and demographics, as well as psychological variables, including self-reported current depression, psychiatric history, and social support. Participant zip codes were used to extract contextual variables including population total and density, average annual income, and health insurance coverage rates from publicly available U.S. Census data. Machine learning yielded good prediction of PTSD screening status 3 months post-hospitalization, AUC = 0.85 95% CI [0.83, 0.86], and significantly outperformed all benchmark comparison models in a cross-validation procedure designed to yield an unbiased estimate of performance. These results demonstrate that good prediction can be attained from variables that individually have relatively weak predictive value, pointing to the promise of ensemble machine learning approaches that do not rely on strong isolated risk factors.
Consistency of The MMGLE under the piecewise proportional hazards models with interval-censored data

ABSTRACTWong et al. [(2018), ‘Piece-wise Proportional Hazards Models with Interval-censored Data’, Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 88, 140–155] studied the piecewise proportional hazards (PWPH) model with interval-censored (IC) data under the distribution-free set-up. It is well known that the partial likelihood approach is not applicable for IC data, and Wong et al. (2018) showed that the standard generalised likelihood approach does not work either. They proposed the maximum modified generalised likelihood estimator (MMGLE) and the simulation results suggest that the MMGLE is consistent. We establish the consistency and asymptotically normality of the MMGLE.
Biodegradable batteries with immobilized electrolyte for transient MEMS

Biodegradable batteries play an important role in fully degradable biomedical or environmental systems. The development of biodegradable batteries faces many challenges including power content, device compactness, performance stability, shelf and functional lifetime. In particular, a key driver in the lifetime and overall size of microfabricated biodegradable batteries is the liquid electrolyte volume. Harnessing liquid from the environment to serve as the battery electrolyte may, therefore, be desirable; however, for stable operation, maintaining a constant electrochemical environment inside the cell is required even in the presence of changing body or environmental conditions. We report a biodegradable battery featuring a solid electrolyte of sodium chloride and polycaprolactone. This approach harnesses the body fluid that diffuses into the cell as an element of the electrolyte; however, the large excess of sodium chloride suspended in the polycaprolactone holds intracell ionic conditions constant. A constant discharge profile can then be achieved even in the presence of varying external aqueous conditions, enabling compact, stable-performing cells. This design also features easy integration and automatic activation, providing a simplified strategy to fabricate batteries with long shelf life and desirable functional life span. In addition, the polymeric skeleton of the solid electrolyte system acts as an insulating layer between electrodes, preventing the metallic structure from short-circuit during discharge.
Site Fidelity and Habitat Use by Young-of-the-Year Transient Fishes in Salt Marsh Intertidal Creeks

The extensive use of salt marsh creeks by nekton is widely recognized, yet few investigations have quantified the extent to which tidal migratory nekton make repeated visits to the same location within creek networks. An improved understanding of nekton movements and fidelity can improve insights into the nursery function and value of creek habitats. We conducted tag-recapture experiments with young fishes to determine movements among intertidal creeks in the North Inlet estuary, South Carolina. In 2008, 3246 fishes were tagged with coded microwire tags. In 2012, 577 fishes were tagged with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags. Based on percentages of recaptures, creek-specific fidelity was determined for spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) (78%), silver perch (Bairdiella chrysoura) (71%), pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides) (80%), and mullets (Mugil curema and Mugil cephalus) (77%). Recaptures occurred up to 79 days after release. Rates of recapture of all tagged fishes combined varied among creeks (74% to 100%). Considering earlier research that demonstrated differences in habitat quality among local intertidal creeks, we suggest that differences in fidelity reflect differences in habitat quality among creeks. Greater rates of repeated use (higher fidelity) could help explain why some creeks consistently support more tidal migratory nekton than other creeks. Changes in the strength of fidelity over time could be a useful measure of changes in habitat quality. We suggest that site fidelity be considered as another metric to use in efforts by resource managers to identify and evaluate essential fish habitat.
Regulation of immune responses by tuft cells.

Tuft cells are rare, secretory epithelial cells that generated scant immunological interest until contemporaneous reports in 2016 linked tuft cells with type 2 immunity in the small intestine. Tuft cells have the capacity to produce an unusual spectrum of biological effector molecules, including IL-25, eicosanoids implicated in allergy (such as cysteinyl leukotrienes and prostaglandin D2) and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. In most cases, the extracellular signals controlling tuft cell effector function are unknown, but signal transduction is thought to proceed via canonical, G protein-coupled receptor-dependent pathways involving components of the signalling pathway used by type II taste bud cells to sense sweet, bitter and umami compounds. Tuft cells are ideally positioned as chemosensory sentinels that can detect and relay information from diverse luminal substances via what appear to be stereotyped outputs to initiate both positive and aversive responses through populations of immune and neuronal cells. Despite recent insights, numerous questions remain regarding tuft cell lineage, diversity and effector mechanisms and how tuft cells interface with the immunological niche in the tissues where they reside. Tuft cells captured the attention of immunologists with recent discoveries linking them to type 2 immunity in the small intestine. As described here, these rare secretory epithelial cells act as chemosensory sentinels that detect and relay responses through immune and neuronal cells.
Reactive Force Field for Simulations of the Pyrolysis of Polysiloxanes into Silicon Oxycarbide Ceramics

We provide a new reactive force field (ReaxFF) for simulations of silicon oxycarbide (SiCO) ceramics and of their syntheses from inorganic polymer precursors. The validity of the force field is extensively tested against experimental and computational thermochemical data. Its performance in simulation at elevated temperatures is gauged by the results of comprehensive ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. We apply the force field to the formation of amorphous SiCO in a simulated polymer pyrolysis. Modeling results are in good agreement with experimental observations and allow new insights into the formation of graphene segregations embedded in an amorphous oxycarbide matrix. The new ReaxFF for Si–C–O–H compounds enables large-scale and long-time atomistic simulations with unprecedented fidelity.
What Can Eye Movements Tell Us about Higher Level Comprehension

The majority of eye tracking studies in reading are on issues dealing with word level or sentence level comprehension. By comparison, relatively few eye tracking studies of reading examine questions related to higher level comprehension in processing of longer texts. We present data from an eye tracking study of anaphor resolution in order to examine specific issues related to this discourse phenomenon and to raise more general methodological and theoretical issues in eye tracking studies of discourse processing. This includes matters related to the design of materials as well as the interpretation of measures with regard to underlying comprehension processes. In addition, we provide several examples from eye tracking studies of discourse to demonstrate the kinds of questions that may be addressed with this methodology, particularly with respect to the temporality of processing in higher level comprehension and how such questions correspond to recent theoretical arguments in the field.
The bombing of The King David Hotel, July 1946

On 22 July 1946, the Irgun Zvai Le’umi (National Military Organization), a Jewish terrorist organization opposed to Britain’s continued rule of Palestine, bombed Jerusalem’s King David Hotel. The i...
Abstract 6206: The xl313 cryptic collagen epitope regulates ovarian tumor growth by a yap dependent mechanism

Structural changes in the extra cellular matrix (ECM) can lead to the exposure of cryptic regulatory sites that play important roles in angiogenesis, inflammation, tumor growth, and tumor metastasis. Previously, we discovered that a unique cryptic regulatory site (XL313 cryptic epitope) containing the amino acid sequence RGDKGE, is generated during tumor development, and we found that this collagen epitope promotes angiogenesis and inflammation in vivo. Here, we provide the first evidence that ovarian carcinoma cells can bind the XL313 collagen epitope through integrin alpha-V beta-3 and that selectively blocking cellular interactions with the XL313 epitope significantly inhibits ovarian tumor growth and the formation of ascites fluid in vivo. To understand the cellular mechanism(s) by which antagonists of the XL313 epitope inhibit these pathological processes, we examined down-stream signaling events that were altered following blocking ovarian tumor cell interaction with the XL313 collagen epitope. Importantly, selectively targeting the XL313 epitope significantly reduced nuclear accumulation of the transcriptional co-activator YAP. In addition, blocking cellular interaction with the XL313 epitope resulted in enhanced YAP phosphorylation at serine-127. Interestingly, specific targeting of the XL313 epitope also enhanced LATS1 phosphorylation, which is a key effector molecule in the hippo- signaling pathway. Taken together, our data provide new cellular and molecular insight for understanding the role of the XL313 cryptic collagen epitope in controlling ovarian tumor growth, and suggest that selectively targeting the XL313 epitope-integrin-signaling cascade may represent a novel strategy to inhibit ovarian cancer progression. Citation Format: Xianghua Han, Jennifer M. Caron, Peter C. Brooks. The xl313 cryptic collagen epitope regulates ovarian tumor growth by a yap dependent mechanism [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 6206.
Comparative Effectiveness of Behavioral Interventions to Prevent or Delay Dementia: One-Year Partner Outcomes

Various behavioral interventions are recommended to combat the distress experienced by caregivers of those with cognitive decline, but their comparative effectiveness is poorly understood. Caregivers in a comparative intervention study randomly had 1 of 5 possible interventions suppressed while receiving the other four. Caregivers in a full clinical program received all 5 intervention components. Care partner outcomes in the study group were compared to participants enrolled in a full clinical program. Two hundred and seventy-two dyads of persons with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (pwMCI) and care partners enrolled in the comparative intervention study. 265 dyads participated in the full clinical program. Behavioral intervention components included: memory compensation training, computerized cognitive training, yoga, support group, and wellness education. Each was administered for 10 sessions over 2 weeks. A longitudinal mixed-effect regression model was used to analyze the effects of the interventions on partner burden, quality of life (QoL), mood, anxiety, and self-efficacy at 12 months follow-up. At 12 months, withholding wellness education or yoga had a significantly negative impact on partner anxiety compared to partners in the clinical program (ES=0.55 and 0.44, respectively). Although not statistically significant, withholding yoga had a negative impact on partner burden and mood compared to partners in the full clinical program (ES=0.32 and 0.36, respectively). Our results support the benefits of wellness education and yoga for improving partner’\TMs burden, mood, and anxiety at one year. Our findings are the first to provide an exploration of the impact of multicomponent interventions in care partners of pwMCI.
Reactomics: using mass spectrometry as a reaction detector

Abstract Untargeted metabolomics analysis captures chemical reactions among small molecules. Common mass spectrometry-based metabolomics workflows first identify the small molecules significantly associated with the outcome of interest, then begin exploring their biochemical relationships to understand biological fate (environmental studies) or biological impact (physiological response). We suggest an alternative by which biochemical relationships can be directly retrieved through untargeted high-resolution paired mass distance (PMD) analysis without a priori knowledge of the identities of participating compounds. Retrieval is done using high resolution mass spectrometry as a chemical reaction detector, where PMDs calculated from the mass spectrometry data are linked to biochemical reactions obtained via data mining of small molecule and reaction databases, i.e. ‘Reactomics’. We demonstrate applications of reactomics including PMD network analysis, source appointment of unknown compounds, and biomarker reaction discovery as a complement to compound discovery analyses used in traditional untargeted workflows. An R implementation of reactomics analysis and the reaction/PMD databases is available as the pmd package (https://yufree.github.io/pmd/).
An Innovative Application of Online Learning for Hospice Education in Medicine Trainees

Objective: To improve residents' knowledge, self-perceived skills, and attitudes about hospice. Methods: An online case-based curriculum in a flipped classroom design was provided to postgraduate y...
Is Seeing Believing? A Longitudinal Study of Vividness of the Future and Its Effects on Academic Self-Efficacy and Success in College:

This research followed students over their first 2 years of college. During this time, many students lose sight of their goals, leading to poor academic performance and leaving STEM and business majors. This research was the first to examine longitudinal changes in future vividness, how those changes impact academic success, and identify sex differences in those relationships. Students who started college with clear pictures of graduation and life after graduation, and those who gained clarity, were more likely to believe in their academic abilities, and, in turn, earn a higher cumulative GPA, and persist in STEM and business. Compared to men, women reported greater initial vividness in both domains. In vividness of graduation, women maintained their advantage with no sex differences in how vividness changed. However, men grew in vividness of life after graduation while women remained stagnant. These findings have implications for interventions to increase academic performance and persistence.
Machine Learning about Treatment Effect Heterogeneity: The Case of Household Energy Use

We use causal forests to evaluate the heterogeneous treatment effects (TEs) of repeated behavioral nudges toward household energy conservation. The average response to treatment is a monthly electricity reduction of 9 kilowatt-hours (kWh), but the full distribution of responses ranges from -40 to +10 kWh. Households learn to reduce more over time, conditional on having responded in year one. Pre-treatment consumption and home value are the most commonly used predictors in the forest. The results suggest the ability to use machine learning techniques for improved targeting and tailoring of treatment.