cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Foam fractionation of cyanide complex anions of Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) and Au(III)

Abstract An experimental investigation is presented of the batch foam fractionation of the cyanide complex anions of Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) and Au(III) from 1.0 × 10 −5 M (metal concentration) alkaline aqueous solutions, with the cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride. The effects are established of the presence of CN − over the concentration range 2.5 × 10 −5 M−1.0 M, of the presence of NO 3 − over the concentration range 0.05–0.75 M, and of interferences to metal foam fractionation provided by 0.50 M concentrations of NO 3 − , Br − , CN − , Cl − or SO 4 2− . Results are discussed in terms of the complex cyanide species of each metal that may have been present and in terms of the extent of hydration of the complex cyanide anions and of the potentially-interfering simple anions. The selectivity sequence, Au(CN) 4 − Hg(CN) 4 2− Cd(CN) 4 2− Zn(CN) 4 2− is established, both from data for single-metal solutions and for solutions containing equimolar concentrations of all four metals. A partial separation of the metals can be achieved in the presence of high concentrations of NO 3 − , which can be improved by taking maximum advantage of flotation rate differences.
Race and physical attractiveness as criteria for White subjects' dating choices

Research involving race as a criterion for various social choices indicates that race may rival attractiveness for the determination of dating choices. This possibility was explored in 2 experiments involving “desirability for a date” ratings of black and white stimulus persons who varied in attractiveness. Experiment 1 results indicated that white male and female participants gave appreciable weight to race and attractiveness, but females gave race more weight than attractiveness, while attractiveness was given more weight than race by males. The interaction between race and attractiveness had approximately the same form for males and females: attractive black stimulus persons were lumped together with unattractive stimulus persons. Female participants in Experiment 2, who were informed about an opportunity to date a stimulus person of their choice before seeing slides of stimulus persons, tended to discount attractiveness as a criterion for choices. None of these participants were willing to accept an actual date. It was noted that race may be a stronger rival to attractiveness relative to the more abstract factors with which attractiveness has been compared, because race, like attractiveness, is highly concrete and visible.
Surgical management of coexisting coronary artery disease and idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.

Abstract Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) was found in 8 patients with angina pectoris and coronary artery disease (CAD). Three patients with coexistent IHSS and CAD were among a series of 75 patients undergoing coronary artery operations. The presence of IHSS in patients undergoing coronary artery procedures mandates avoidance of drugs that increase outflow obstruction such as cardiac glycosides, isoproterenol, nitroglycerin, and β-adrenergic vasopressors. Direct revascularization of diseased coronary arteries and pharmacological treatment of minimal and moderate outflow obstruction are suggested as effective and practical surgical management. The absence of postoperative myocardial infarctions suggests that the mechanism of symptomatic relief is increased coronary perfusion and relief of left ventricle outflow obstruction.
Cavitation noise from butterfly valves

Abstract Cavitation in valves can produce levels of intense noise. It is possible to mathematically express a limit for a design level of cavitation noise in terms of the cavitation parameter σ. Using the cavitation parameter or limit, it is then possible to calculate the flow conditions at which a design level of cavitation noise will occur. However, the intensity of cavitation increases with the upstream pressure and valve size at a constant σ. Therefore, it is necessary to derive equations to correct or scale the cavitation limit for the effects of different upstream pressures and valve sizes. The following paper discusses and presents experimental data for the cavitation noise limit as well as the cavitation limits of incipient, critical, incipient damage, and choking cavitation for butterfly valves. The main emphasis is on the design limit of cavitation noise, and a noise level of 85 decibels was selected as the noise limit. Tables of data and scaling exponents are included for applying the design limits for the effects of upstream pressure and valve size.
Design of a long-acting follitropin agonist by fusing the C-terminal sequence of the chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit to the follitropin beta subunit

Follitropin (FSH) is a pituitary glycoprotein hormone that is essential for the development of ovarian follicles and testicular seminiferous tubules. FSH is used clinically to stimulate follicular maturation for in vitro fertilization and treatment of anovulatory women. One issue regarding the clinical use of FSH is its short half-life in the circulation. To address this point, we constructed chimeric genes containing the sequence encoding the C-terminal peptide of the chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit (CG beta) fused to the translated sequence of the human FSH beta subunit (FSH beta). This region of CG beta is important for maintaining the prolonged plasma half-life of human CG dimer. The presence of the C-terminal peptide sequence did not significantly affect assembly of FSH beta with the alpha subunit or secretion of the dimer. In vitro receptor binding and steroidogenic activity of dimer bearing the FSH beta-C-terminal peptide chimera were the same as wild-type FSH. However, both the in vivo potency and half-life in circulation of the dimer bearing either one or two C-terminal peptide units were enhanced. Dimers containing FSH beta-CG beta chimeras could serve as potent FSH agonists for clinical use, and the present strategy may have wide applications for enhancing the in vivo half-life of diverse proteins.
Maternal teaching techniques and preschool children's ideational fluency

Abstract: As a counterpart to research showing relationships between parental behaviors and attitudes and children's divergent thinking, this study investigated mothers’ teaching techniques and preschool children's ideational fluency, one aspect of creativity. Twenty mother‐child dyads were videotaped interacting in both a warm‐up and structured teaching session. Mothers’ teaching behaviors were assessed with the Maternal Teaching Observation Technique (MTOT) and children's ideational fluency was measured with the Multidimensional Stimulus Fluency Measure (MSFM). Correlational analyses indicated relationships between children's divergent thinking and mothers’ use of verbal negative feedback (r = .51), physical control (r = ‐.40), and visual cues (r = ‐.44).
Professionalism in computing (Panel)

(Following is a review of the panel discussion on Professionalism in Computing.)Mr. Reinstedt focused on the different definitions of professionalism.Mr. Stalnaker pointed to the lack of standards as related to professionalism in the computer industry.Both Mr. Reinstedt and Mr. Stalnaker commented on Donn Parker's AFIPS committee on professionalism.Mr. Stalnaker indicated his concern for the impact on the computer center operating manager of the trends toward professional certification.Mr. Wright indicated his concern with the impact of Wage-Hour regulation evolution and the question to management of “third party representation” by unions or professional associations.The members of the panel concluded that, in general, the industry was moving toward professionalism but that standards were not sufficiently defined so as to make formal certification, much less licensing, immediately possible.
３．Quantitative Decision Making Using Modeling and Simulation

An efficient drug development depends on continuous cycles of learning and confirming throughout its entire process. Realization of each of these cycles can be characterized in terms of six components of the model-based drug development (MBDD) as described by Kowalski, et al. (2007) and Lalonde, et al. (2007). The six components can be grouped into three categories: constructing models based on available information, clinical trial simulation, and quantitative decision making (QDM). In this paper, the basic concept of QDM as given in the former two papers is explained in a simplified form, and its application to the COX-2 inhibitor development as reported in Kowalski, et al. (2008) is briefly summarized.
Immuno-Fluorescence Scanning Electron Microscopy of Biological Cells

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) can produce striking three-dimensional images of biological cells and tissues with submicron resolution of surface morphology. Such cell surfaces are often complex blends of folds, extrusions, and pockets that may be necessary in the positioning of specific molecules within interaction range of each other. Thus, surface changes can have a spatial control over some molecular functions, and identification of select molecules at distinct morphological locations becomes critical to our understanding of total cell function.
Reaction of benzocyclobutenoxides with nitriles: Synthesis of hypecumine and other 3-substituted isoquinolines

Abstract Treatment of benzocyclobuten-2-ols with MeLi affords o -tolualdehyde anions which in the presence of nitriles cyclize to 3-substituted isoquinolines. Examples include the synthesis of the alkaloid hypecumine from the precursors, 14 and 19 (1:1), in 50% yield.
Sulfate reduction in Georgia salt marsh soils: An evaluation of pyrite formation by use of 35S and 55Fe tracers1

A time-course analysis of sulfate reduction in Sapelo Island marsh soils using 35SO42‒ indicated that acid-volatile H235S formation was a linear function of time for the 0–12-cm depth interval of both tall and short Spartina alterniflora soils. Aqua regia-soluble 35S was present in significant amounts at all depths in both sites in killed controls and did not increase significantly during a 72-h incubation. The activity of 35S in aqua regia digests of marsh soils was dependent on the type of acid used to distill H235S before aqua regia digestion; the greatest activity was with 6 N HCl and the least was with 1 N H3PO4. No consistent formation of [55Fe]pyrite was observed during a 72-h incubation of 55Fe in short S. alterniflora soils. These data indicate that the incorporation of 35S into aqua regia-soluble compounds was at least in part an artifact of the distillation procedure and that the use of aqua regia-soluble 35S to calculate sulfate reduction rates could result in a significant overestimation of this process.
Two methods for the fabrication of self-supporting osmium targets☆

Abstract Two methods are described for the fabrication of self-supporting isotopically enriched targets of osmium suitable for use in nuclear reaction and scattering experiments. One method leads to thin targets of 2 , the other to targets of many mg/cm 2 . A description is provided both of the apparatus and of the procedures developed.
Prevention and management of depression and suicidal behavior in men with prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is the most common non-skin cancer in men (1). In the U.S. between 2007 and 2011, the incidence of prostate cancer was 147.8 per 100,000 men per year, and its prevalence in 2011 was estimated to be 2,707,821 (2). Additionally, 43% of the total U.S. male cancer survivor population are survivors of prostate cancer (3). Prostate cancer is diagnosed by tissue biopsy, and a patient is most often referred for a biopsy due to an abnormal screening serum prostate-specific antigen level and/or abnormal findings on digital rectal exam (4). The tumor is characterized based on its stage and grade (Gleason score). The treatment options vary based on the severity and risk of the tumor, as well as the patient’s age and co-morbid conditions, and include active surveillance, external beam radiation therapy, brachytherapy, and radical prostatectomy for early stage disease, and androgen deprivation therapy and chemotherapy for more advanced disease (5). Due to frequent early detection of the cancer, the overwhelming majority of cases (93%) involves a tumor confined to the prostate or one that has only spread to regional lymph nodes, for which the 5-year survival rate is approximately 100%. Four percent of cases of prostate cancer involve distant metastases, for which the 5-year survival rate is approximately 28% (2). Although survival rates are excellent for localized prostate cancer, there are many long-term effects of treatment that significantly impact a patient’s daily living, including urinary incontinence, sexual dysfunction, and bowel urgency (6). Additionally, patients undergoing chemotherapy for prostate cancer often experience side effects such as anemia, neutropenia, fatigue, myalgia, fever, and diarrhea, among others (7).
Deoxycytidine kinase is downregulated in Ara-C-resistant acute myeloid leukemia murine cell lines.

Deoxycytidine kinase is downregulated in Ara-C-resistant acute myeloid leukemia murine cell lines
Learning style influences student examination performance

Abstract Background: The Kolb Learning Style Inventory (LSI) measures preference for each of four learning orientations: abstract conceptualization, concrete experience, active experimentation, and reflective observation. These orientations define four learning styles: convergence, divergence, assimilation, and accommodation. Methods: To determine if learning style correlates with objective multiple-choice and clinical measures of performance, the learning styles of third-year medical students (n = 227) were evaluated using the LSI. Performance was assessed using the United States Medical Licensing Examination step 1 (USMLE 1), the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) multiple-choice surgical subject examination (MCQ), and NBME computer-based case simulations (CBX). Results: The data showed a significant ( P ≤0.05) relationship between learning style and performance on the USMLE 1. There was a significant ( P ≤0.05) and direct correlation between an abstract orientation and performance on the USMLE 1 ( r = 0.33) and MCQ ( r = 0.20). There was no relationship between learning style and clinical performance measured using the CBX. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that performance on objective measures of academic achievement is influenced by learning style, while application of that knowledge in the management of clinical situations may require additional skills beyond those measured.
Dynamics and Hydrodynamics of Ocean Vehicles

A state-of-the-art review of the dynamics of ocean vehicles is presented. A review of the six-degree-of-freedom nonlinear equations of motion acquaints the reader with the number, type and importance of the terms for various maneuvers. Application of these equations about the linearized equilibrium condition, U_{o} = constant, which decouples the horizontal and vertical plane equations, is discussed from both a vehicle design and control system point of view. Application of any set of equations of motion requires knowledge of the values for the hydrodynamic coefficients. The preferred method for obtaining these coefficients during the vehicle design process is to predict the coefficients from the geometry of the vehicle without resorting to tunnel testing. Present capability for the prediction of linear and nonlinear hydrodynamic coefficients is discussed, along with examples that demonstrate the current accuracy of prediction methods.
Vibronic intensity borrowing and the isotope dependence of vibronic structure

Abstract In recent years it has become clear that the conventional Herzberg—Teller theory is not capable of explaining the breakdown in intensity mirror symmetry between the “forbidden” vibronic structure in absorption and fluorescence spectra of many polyatomic molecules. Furthermore, in a number of systems the isotope dependence of vibronic intensities predicted by the Herzberg—Teller theory is not obeyed. A theory of vibronic structure is presented which includes the so-called Born—Oppenheimer vibronic coupling and the Duschinsky and isotope dynamic mixing adiabatic corrections to the conventional Herzberg—Teller theory. The results of illustration calculations for a three-mode system are presented and discussed.
A Recursive Partitioning Decision Rule for Nonparametric Classification

A new criterion for deriving a recursive partitioning decision rule for nonparametric classification is presented. The criterion is both conceptually and computationally simple, and can be shown to have strong statistical merit. The resulting decision rule is asymptotically Bayes' risk efficient. The notion of adaptively generated features is introduced and methods are presented for dealing with missing features in both training and test vectors.
A Comparison Of A Solar Power Satellite Concept To A Concentrating Solar Power System

A comparison is made of a Solar Power Satellite concept in geostationary Earth orbit to a Concentrating Solar Power system on the ground to analyze overall efficiencies of each infrastructure from solar radiance at 1 AU to conversion and transmission of electrical energy into the power grid on the Earth's surface. Each system is sized for a 1-gigawatt output to the power grid and then further analyzed to determine primary collector infrastructure areas. Findings indicate that even though the Solar Power Satellite concept has a higher end-to-end efficiency, that the combined space and ground collector infrastructure is still about the same size as a comparable Concentrating Solar Power system on the ground.
Effect of protein binding on steady-state equations

Previously published steady-state equations assumed elimination of total drug. The equations have been derived to cover the case where only free (unbound) drug is eliminated. The equation for oral administration is the same in both cases. The equation for intravenous administration has the same form, but the interpretation of Kmis different.
Statistical methods to correct for observation error in a density-independent population model

The problem of observation error in assessing the dynamics of populations over time has received increasing attention of late. Of particular interest has been a density- independent dynamic model, which allows a trend and is commonly employed in population viability analysis (PVA). Most of the recent work in this area has focused on assessing the impact of the observation error and on finding corrected estimators, primarily under normal models with the observation errors assumed to have a constant variance. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of statistical methods for this problem and evaluates them through simulations. This includes the development and assessment of simple and practical ways to obtain standard errors and confidence intervals for the basic parameters in the model and functions of them, such as the intrinsic rate of increase or the probability of eventual extinction. We allow for unequally spaced data and possibly changing observation error variances, and we also discuss how to employ standard errors that often accompany the estimated abundances. Both likelihood techniques under normality and methods allowing non-normal observation errors are discussed, and we describe how the various likelihood- based techniques can be implement using standard mixed-model software, such as PROC MIXED in SAS. The projection technique we use to handle functions of the basic parameters is also valuable when there is no observation error. The methods are motivated and illustrated using data for grizzly bears, Whooping Cranes, California Condors, and Puerto Rican Parrots. We present a simulation experiment to evaluate the performance of the some of the methods.
The Separative Bioreactor: A Continuous Separation Process for the Simultaneous Production and Direct Capture of Organic Acids

Abstract The replacement of petrochemicals with biobased chemicals requires efficient bioprocesses, biocatalysis, and product recovery. Biocatalysis (e.g., enzyme conversion and fermentation) offers an attractive alternative to chemical processing because biocatalysts utilize renewable feedstocks under benign reaction conditions. One class of chemical products that could be produced in large volumes by biocatalysis is organic acids. However, biocatalytic reactions to produce organic acids typically result in only dilute concentrations of the product because of product inhibition and acidification that drives the reaction pH outside of the optimal range for the biocatalyst. Buffering or neutralization results in formation of the acid salt rather than the acid, which requires further processing to recover the free acid product. To address these barriers to biocatalytic organic acid production, we developed the “separative bioreactor” based on resin wafer electrodeionization, which is an electrodeionization ...
Management: a synergistic catalyst in construction production

Abstract The relationship of management to capital as resources invested in the productive process in construction is discussed. Capital and labour are shown to be interdependent in the process with management a catalyst facilitating their combination. A perspective of the labour-capital relationship emphasizing the benefits that can result from mutual understanding and respect is presented.
C‐Banding and Localization of 18S‐5.8S‐26S rDNA in Tall Oatgrass Species

The tall oatgrasses (Arrhenatherum spp., x = 7) are perennial diploid or autotetraploid forages of temperate grasslands. The most economically important species is common tall oatgrass, A. elatius (L.) P. Beauv. ex J. Presl & C. Presl. We were interested in cytogenetically characterizing this species due to its potential as a tertiary germplasm source for improving heat and cold tolerance in common oat (Avena saliva L.). We used C-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization with an 18S-5.8S-26S (45S) ribosomal DNA probe to examine the degree of chromosomal variation among tetraploids of the tall oatgrass genus. C-banding karyotypes were analyzed for three geographically diverse accessions of A. elatius and one accession each of A. album (Vahl) Clayton, A. parlatorei (Woods) Potzt., and A. thorei Durieu [= A. longifolium (Thore) Dulac]. Tall oatgrass chromosomes were predominantly euchromatic and metacentric to submetacentric, with occasional subtelocentric chromosomes. The A. parlatorei karyotype was the most distinct of the six accessions, having a prominent telomeric C-band. Arrhenatherum album, A. elatius, and A. thorei had a single nucleolus organizer region (NOR) locus as evidenced by the appearance of four in situ hybridization sites on somatic metaphase chromosome preparations using the wheat 45S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) clone pTa71.
Bone density measurement through electromagnetic waves

This article presents a proposal to measure the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) as a backup in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. An antenna arrangement, tuned to a frequency of general and medical use, is used to measure the relative attenuation of the signal on several samples of bovine bone, silica and bone powder. By implementing a Support Vector Machine (SVM) it is possible to establish patterns to classify the BMD as high or low.
Western Idealism Through Indian Eyes: A Cittamatra Reading of Berkeley, Kant and Schopenhauer

I experiment with a non-standard approach to comparative philosophy, using Indian Buddhist cittamātra philosophy, as a lens for exploring the history of Western idealism.
A Conserved Motif in Region V of the Large Polymerase Proteins of Nonsegmented Negative-Sense RNA Viruses That Is Essential for mRNA Capping

Nonsegmented negative-sense (NNS) RNA viruses cap their mRNA by an unconventional mechanism. Specifically, 5′ monophosphate mRNA is transferred to GDP derived from GTP through a reaction that involves a covalent intermediate between the large polymerase protein L and mRNA. This polyribonucleotidyltransferase activity contrasts with all other capping reactions, which are catalyzed by an RNA triphosphatase and guanylyltransferase. In these reactions, a 5′ diphosphate mRNA is capped by transfer of GMP via a covalent enzyme-GMP intermediate. RNA guanylyltransferases typically have a KxDG motif in which the lysine forms this covalent intermediate. Consistent with the distinct mechanism of capping employed by NNS RNA viruses, such a motif is absent from L. To determine the residues of L protein required for capping, we reconstituted the capping reaction of the prototype NNS RNA virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, from highly purified components. Using a panel of L proteins with single-amino-acid substitutions to residues universally conserved among NNS RNA virus L proteins, we define a new motif, GxxT[n]HR, present within conserved region V of L protein that is essential for this unconventional mechanism of mRNA cap formation.
Increased hypoxanthine concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of infants with hydrocephalus.

Hypoxanthine, the end product of purine metabolism, is usually very elevated in body fluids during severe hypoxia. We measured hypoxanthine in the cerebrospinal fluid of hydrocephalic preterm infants (12 with posthemorrhagic, one with congenital hydrocephalus) to determine whether hydrocephalus is associated with anaerobic metabolism of brain tissue. Cerebrospinal fluid hypoxanthine was undetectable in normal infants. In hydrocephalic infants, the concentration of hypoxanthine ranged from 7.5 μmol/L to 28 μmol (x = 14.3 μmol/L). The hypoxanthine concentrations fell from a mean of 12.8 μmol/L to a mean of 2.0 μmol/L ( P
Heteroaromatic thioether-boronic acid cross-coupling under neutral reaction conditions.

π-Deficient heteroaromatic thioethers undergo efficient palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling with boronic acids mediated by copper(I) thiophene-2-carboxylate.
The effect of healing time on the proximodistal organization of double-half forelimb regenerates in the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum.

Abstract The effect of healing on the proximodistal organization of regenerates from double-half forelimbs was studied. Double-anterior and double-posterior upper forelimbs were prepared surgically and amputated at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 60 days after grafting. All experimental groups regenerated hypomorphic skeletal patterns. Double-half forelimbs amputated at Days 5 and 10 regenerated more distally complete skeletal patterns than did limbs amputated at Days 30 and 60. The mean numbers of skeletal elements regenerated were seen to decrease as a function of time after grafting, with the maximal suppression of skeletal patterns observed to occur when limbs were amputated 30 days following grafting. There was no appreciable difference between limbs amputated at Days 30 and 60. These results suggest that healing time has a profound effect on the proximodistal organization of limbs regenerated from double-half forelimb stumps.
Impact of interleaving on input passive components of paralleled DC-DC converters for high power PV applications

This paper investigates and evaluates the impact of interleaving on input passive components for a paralleled DC/DC boost converter in a high power PV application. A detail ripple reduction analysis for the interleaving topology and inductor design method are provided for the high power application. To reduce the circulating current, a coupled inductor was added to the circuit to reduce the size of input inductor. The benefit of coupled inductor is analysed and the coupled inductor design method is also conducted. The result shows that due to the material limitation (Silicon Steel) if maintaining the current stress on IGBT, interleaving will increase the weight and loss, while the overall current ripple will be smaller, which make the input and dc link capacitor smaller. By adding coupled inductor and interleaving, it is possible to use low core loss material (Amorphous) for coupled inductor, which makes the total loss and weight reduced significantly. Moreover, asymmetric interleaving is also proposed to optimize the total cost of the Silicon Steel and Amorphous material. Detailed analysis is carried on the design and value selection of coupled and non-coupled inductor for different interleaving angle. The design result shows the trade-off of using different interleaving angle to get minimum system weight.
DSM-III diagnostic classification of 100 preschoolers in a child development unit.

This study describes a comprehensive evaluation of 100 preschoolers who were referred to a child development unit in a community mental health center. Ninety-five per cent of the referred children met the criteria for a DSM-III diagnosis, and an approximately equal number of children also had an Axis I or Axis II diagnosis. The significance of some of the symptoms such as tics, as well as the potential effects of family and psychosocial stressors on the very young, are briefly discussed.
On increasing continuous processes

Abstract It is shown that increasing continuous semimarkov processes are functional inverses of increasing processes with independent (non-stationary) increments. In particular, every increasing continuous strong Markov process has deterministic paths, up to random killing.
A multiattribute evaluation approach to structural change in resource dilemmas

Abstract This study investigated the effects of social values, efficiency of resource use, and inequity on harvest behavior and preferences for structural change in a resource dilemma. Evaluation of allocation systems was conceptualized as a multiattribute utility problem in which overall preference is represented as a simple additive weighted function of a set of attribute ratings. Undergraduates, in groups of six, harvested resource units from a common, replenishable pool over 10 trials. Following the harvest trials, subjects were asked to evaluate and choose among several allocation systems for the second session. The 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design crossed two levels of social value orientation (cooperative, noncooperative) with two levels of group resource use (extreme overuse, moderate overuse) and variance in others′ purported harvests (low, high). As predicted, a higher proportion of cooperative subjects voted for a superordinate authority system in the extreme overuse conditions compared to the moderate overuse conditions. The majority of noncooperators, however, rejected this structural change regardless of the state of the resource pool. Additionally, cooperators placed greater importance on the fairness dimension while noncooperators assigned greater weight to the self-interest dimension in their evaluations of structural change alternatives. The results suggest the need for an interactionist perspective on structural change in social dilemmas.
Effects of prolactin on central dopaminergic neurons

The activities of various dopaminergic neurons in the brain have been estimated biochemically by quantifying the rate of synthesis or turnover of dopamine in brain regions containing the terminals of these neurons. In addition, the activity of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons have been estimated from the concentration of dopamine in pituitary stalk blood. Manipulations which increase concentrations of prolactin in cerebrospinal fluid or serum (systemic or intracerebroventricular injections of prolactin; injections of dopaminergic antagonists or estrogens; implantation of pituitaries under the renal capsule; prolactin secreting tumors) increase the activity of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons. The activities of other dopaminergic neuronal systems are not affected by prolactin.
Combined Therapy of Insulin and Tolazamide Decreases Insulin Requirement and Serum Triglycerides in Obese Patients with Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Insulin requirements, C-peptide levels, and serum lipids have been assessed in 12 obese, insulin-requiring (greater than 60 U/day) patients with type II diabetes mellitus, in a randomized crossover fashion with two treatment regimens: NPH alone and combined NPH and tolazamide, over a period of 3 months each, with maintenance of weight and glycemic control (HgA1, 2hpp and mean 24h glucose profile) at comparable levels. Serum cholesterol improved in both groups compared to their respective baseline values (p less than 0.05). In addition, serum triglyceride was lower (p less than 0.05) in the combined therapy as compared with NPH alone therapy. Insulin requirements were decreased by 23% (p less than 0.002) in the combined therapy group, without significant change in weight, glycemic control, or C-peptide levels. However, C-peptide increments in the combined therapy group were significantly higher than the baseline by 70% (p less than 0.02). NPH plus tolazamide therapy as compared with NPH alone lowers insulin requirement in obese, type II diabetic women without significant alteration in glycemic control, possibly by an increased tissue sensitivity to insulin, and decreases serum triglyceride levels.
Transport of Chlorsulfuron through Soil Columns

Chlorsulfuron [2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]-gbenzenesulfonamide] is an anionic sulfonylurea herbicide with high soil persistence; consequently, there is interest in predicting its mobility in agricultural soils. The objectives of this study were to determine the transport characteristics of chlorsulfuron in disturbed and undistrubed soil columns and evaluate the capabilities of LEACHM (Leaching Estimation and Chemistry Model) for predicting chlorsulfuron transport
Adapting statistical broadcast to linearly oriented networks for VANETs

Broadcast is a critical component in ad-hoc wireless networks. Some vehicular network (VANET) applications in particular use broadcast communications extensively. VANETs exhibit a wide variety of node density and distribution patterns, so broadcast protocols designed to support these applications must be adaptive to those conditions. We show that the distance method of statistical broadcast can be used to design a protocol that performs well in one-dimensional or two-dimensional uniformly distributed networks, but not both. We propose using the quadrat method of spatial analysis to characterize the distribution pattern at each node and use the resulting metric, K, as a factor in computing the statistical threshold function. The result, the Distribution-Adaptive Distance (DAD) method, is shown to exhibit a high level of reachability and efficient bandwidth utilization across a range of distribution patterns from purely linear to purely two-dimensional and sparsely distributed to densely distributed. More generally, the design methodology presented in this work provides a procedure enabling statistical broadcast protocol designers to build protocols that are adaptive to both node density and node distribution. This capability is a key prerequisite for design of practical broadcast protocols to support VANET applications.
Curriculum-Based Evaluation and Math: An Overview

Poor math performance is a major concern leading the current educational reform agenda. Many educational math critics are claiming a math crisis. Researchers and school personnel are trying to reso...
Middle School Youth: Satisfaction With and Responses to a Dating Violence and Sexual Assault Prevention Program

This study examined how group composition influences students' level of satisfaction with a dating violence and sexual assault prevention program. A 10- to 12-session program was presented to 396 urban African American middle school students in mixed- and same-gender groups. Both males and females were significantly more satisfied with the mixed-gender program than the same-gender program; females in both programs were significantly more satisfied than the males in both programs. Students especially liked the class activities, discussion, and teacher involvement in the program. The study findings support the importance of taking group composition and gender into consideration, as well as, students' reactions and recommendations when developing prevention programs for young adolescents.
Determination of Accurate Creep Compliance and Relaxation Modulus at a Single Temperature for Viscoelastic Solids

Creep compliance (or relaxation modulus), which is a fundamental property that determines the strain (or stress) development in flexible pavements or damage evolution in asphalt mixtures, can be determined from either a creep compliance test using static loading or a complex modulus test using cyclic loading. Since the nature of each test is different, creep compliance determined from the complex modulus test was significantly different compared with that determined from the creep compliance test. From this rigorous experimental and analytical study, it was concluded that the creep compliance or complex modulus test alone is not capable of providing complete information over the typical time or frequency range used in single-temperature tests. In general, the complex modulus test provides accurate creep compliance at short loading time, while the creep compliance test provides accurate creep compliance at longer loading time. An approach to determine accurate creep compliance from the combination of creep and complex modulus tests at a single temperature was developed. The method provided accurate creep compliance values that corresponded to short-term and long-term experimental data.
Analysis of MESFET self-oscillating mixer using Volterra series

A new approach to the nonlinear problem of self-oscillating mixer has been investigated using Volterra series. Advantage of this approach is that the phase relationships amongst signals and stability criterion testing are not required for the analysis. Measured results with respect to RF frequency show good agreement with that calculated.
Understanding the facts of IR spectroscopy

Advances in Infrared Group Frequencies. The Infrared Spectra of Complex Molecules, Vol.2, 2nd Edn. By L.J. Bellamy. Pp.299. ISBN 0-412-221350-3. (Chapman & Hall: 1981.) £15, $35.
PROJECTIVE DIMENSION AND BROWN-PETERSON HOMOLOGY

Abstract BP ∗ (X) is the reduced Brown-Peterson homology of a finite complex X for a fixed prime p. We study a sequence of homology theories BP ∗ (X)→⋯→BP〈n+1〉 ∗ (X) → p(n,n + 1) BP〈n〉 ∗ (X) → p(n - 1,n) BP〈n–1〉 ∗ (X) →⋯→BP〈0〉 ∗ (X) → p( - 1,0) BP〈–1〉 ∗ (X) . Our main result states that there is an n such that ⋯, ϱ(n,n + 1), ϱ(n– 1, n) are all epimorphisms; each of the remaining homomorphism fails to be onto; and n is the projective dimension of BP ∗ (X) as a module over the coefficient ring BP ∗ . The first two sections are introductory in nature while the third contains the core results. The reader should be pleased to know that §4–6 are independent of each other.
Identification of 1S,2R-milnacipran analogs as potent norepinephrine and serotonin transporter inhibitors

Abstract A series of milnacipran analogs were synthesized and studied as monoamine transporter inhibitors, and several potent compounds with moderate lipophilicity were identified from the 1 S ,2 R -isomers. Thus, 15l exhibited IC 50 values of 1.7 nM at NET and 25 nM at SERT, which were, respectively, 20- and 13-fold more potent than 1 S ,2 R -milnacipran 1 – II .
Co-located Compute and Binary File Storage in Data-Intensive Computing

With the rapid development of computation capability, the massive increase in data volume has outmoded compute-intensive clusters for HPC analysis of large-scale data sets due to a huge amount of data transfer over network. Co-located compute and storage has been introduced in data-intensive clusters to avoid network bottleneck by launching the computation on nodes in which most of the input data reside. Chunk-based storage systems are typical examples, splitting data into blocks and randomly storing them across nodes. Records as the input data for the analysis are read from blocks. This method implicitly assumes that a single record resides on a single node and then data transfer can be avoided. However, this assumption does not always hold because there is a gap between records and blocks. The current solution overlooks the relationship between the computation unit as a record and the storage unit as a block. For situations with records belonging to one block, there would be no data transfer. But in practice, one record could consist of several blocks. This is especially true for binary files, which introduce extra data transfer due to preparing the input data before conducting the analysis. Blocks belonging to a single record are scattered randomly across the data nodes regardless of to the semantics of the records. To address these problems, we develop two solutions in this paper, one is to develop a Record-Based Block Distribution (RBBD) framework and the other is a data-centric scheduling using a Weighted Set Cover Scheduling (WSCS) to schedule the tasks. The Record-Based Block Distribution (RBBD) framework for data-intensive analytics aims to eliminate the gap between records and blocks and accomplishes zero data transfer among nodes. The Weighted Set Cover Scheduling (WSCS) is proposed to further improve the performance by optimizing the combination of nodes. Our experiments show that overlooking the record and block relationship can cause severe performance problems when a record is comprised of several blocks scattered in different nodes. Our proposed novel data storage strategy, Record-Based Block Distribution (RBBD), optimizes the block distribution according to the record and block relationship. By being combined with our novel scheduling Weighted Set Cover Scheduling (WSCS), we efficiently reduces extra data transfers, and eventually improves the performance of the chunk-based storage system. Using our RBBD framework and WSCS in chunk-based storage system, our extensive experiments show that the data transfer decreases by 36.4% (average) and the scheduling algorithm outperforms the random algorithm by 51%-62%; the deviation from the ideal solutions is no more than 6.8%.
Minimax approximation by rational fractions of the inverse polynomial type

Rational fractions of the formR(x)/(c1 +c2x +c3x2 + ...) r are useful for approximating decay type functions over infinite and semi-infinite domains. A procedure is given which produces the optimal coefficients with no more effort than for linear approximations. No initial guess is needed for the values of the coefficients nor for the maximum error of approximation.
Insights into the transcriptional control of adipocyte differentiation

The adipocyte is now known to play an active role in many physiological and pathological processes regarding energy metabolism. Consideration of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ that secretes a variety of unrelated bioactive molecules has broadened our appreciation of adipocyte function to exceed the once considered passive role in lipid metabolism. Growing interest in this tissue has lead to significant advances regarding the molecular basis for adipocyte differentiation. Several diverse families of transcription factors are currently under active investigation for their roles in mediating this complex process. Knowledge concerning the sequence of transcriptional events during adipogenesis and the interplay among adipogenic transcription factors provides a basis for understanding the physiological processes associated with adipose tissue as well as for the development of therapeutic intervention of adipocyte related diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppls. 32/33:59–67, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Modeling trait and state variation using multilevel factor analysis with PANAS daily diary data

This study used daily diary data to model trait and state Positive Affect (PA) and Negative Affect (NA) using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988). Data were collected from 364 college students over five days. Intraclass correlation coefficients suggested approximately equal amounts of variability at the trait and state levels. Multilevel factor analysis revealed that the model specifying two correlated factors (PA, NA) and correlated uniqueness terms among redundant items provided the best fit. Trait and state PA and NA were generally associated with stress, anxiety, depression, and three types of self-esteem (performance, academic, social). The coefficients describing these relationships differed somewhat, suggesting that trait and state measurement may have different predictive utility.
M/G/c/K PERFORMANCE MODELS IN MANUFACTURING AND SERVICE SYSTEMS

Multi-server, finite buffer, performance models of queueing systems are very useful tools for manufacturing, telecommunication, transportation and facility modelling applications. Exact computation of performance measures for general service multi-server queueing systems remains an intractable problem. Approximations of these performance measures are important to quickly and accurately reveal the performance of a system. This is desirable for both performance evaluation as well as optimization of these systems. Two-moment approximation formulas are presented for performance modelling of multi-server systems involving servers of 2,3,…,10 servers. Extensive computational results are provided to evaluate the approximation results against simulation, known tabular results, and other approximation formulas. Applications of the model to optimizing manufacturing and service systems using a marginal allocation algorithm are briefly illustrated. Extensions of the two-moment methodology to larger multi-server systems c = {25, 50, 100} round out the paper.
Strategic innovation in the convergence era

Megatrends are shaping the rapidly changing global economy. These trends have also brought a convergence revolution, creating a new business environment 'convergenomics'. An in-depth analysis of convergences from organisational factors to technologies, industries and biological-artificial systems is presented with numerous real-world examples. Then, strategic innovation approaches to create new values on the value chain are suggested in the new environment of convergenomics. The impact of convergenomics on organisational value creation leads to new strategic innovation approaches. The role of strategic innovation in convergenomics is discussed along with its impact on the value chain.
Fundamental Theory of Ferro- and Ferri-Magnetism

The presentation is centered around the four important forms of magnetic energyin ferromagnetic media: (I) the Zeeman energy of the elementary magnets in the applied magnetic field, (II) the classical electromagnetic interaction between dipoles, (III) the Heisenberg exchange energy, and (IV) the energy of anisotropy which is pseudodipolar or pseudoquadrupolar in structure but is attributable ultimately to rather recondite quantum-mechanical spin-orbit interaction. The primary cause of ferromagnetism is (III), and anisotropy arises from (IV). Domain structure and the concomitant hysteresis phenomena owe their existence to (II). The magnetic theory of the ferrites is in many ways simpler and less ambiguous than that for conducting ferromagnetic media, as there are no complications due to electron migrations. Neel's theory of ferrimagnetism explains the saturation magnetization and other properties of the ferrites.