cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Law School Grades: Flunked Out, But Did Not Really Fail

If the plaintiffs in a most interesting, recent lawsuit ultimately get their way, I will need to change the title of this article. After the Spring 2011 semester, plaintiffs Jonathan Chan and Karla Ford were dismissed from their former law school, Texas Southern University Thurgood Marshall School of Law (Texas Southern) for academic deficiency, failing to maintain an overall grade point average (GPA) of at least 2.0. On February 2, 2012, in response to their dismissal, Chan and Ford filed a lawsuit against Texas Southern, along with their Contracts professor, Shelley Smith. In this article, I will look at some of the plaintiffs’ allegations against Texas Southern, specifically the claims for arbitrary and capricious grading, breach of contract, defamation, and intentional infliction of emotional distress.
Training for GMPs.

Training is a dynamic process to assure that personnel are capable of performing their assigned functions. CGMP regulations contain only general expectations, and no FDA guideline regarding training has been issued. Training programs are generally in place in pharmaceutical firms. However, training quality and effectiveness may be inadequate in a number of firms. A pharmaceutical firm should be able to show that its training program consistently meets its training goals as purported, and that each trainee completing an instructional module has acquired the competencies as purported. The proper application of sound principles of instructional design should help firms overcome GMP deficiencies regarding training and personnel qualification. For example, principles of mastery learning, competency-based instruction, performance objectives, a systems approach to instructional design, and the evaluation of instruction as well as the instructional program should help ensure meaningful, relevant training and appropriate, effective instruction. Review of training should be included in the firm's program for managing change. Firms should also ensure adequate training documentation, a positive attitude toward training, and that training is not used inappropriately to remedy performance deviations not resulting from skills deficiencies.
Phosphoprotein and nucleocapsid protein evolution of vesicular stomatitis virus New Jersey.

Abstract The entire phosphoprotein (P) and nucleocapsid (N) protein gene sequences and deduced amino acid sequences for 18 selected vesicular stomatitis virus isolates representative of the natural genetic diversity within the New Jersey serotype are reported. Phylogenetic analysis of the data using maximum parsimony allowed construction of evolutionary trees for the individual genes and the combined N, P, and glycoprotein (G) genes of these viruses. Virtually identical rates of nucleotide substitutions were found for each gene, indicating that evolution of these genes occurs at essentially the same rate. Although up to 19 and 17% sequence differences were evident in the P and N genes, respectively, no variation in gene length or evidence of recombinational rearrangements was found. However, striking evolutionary differences were observed among the amino acid sequences of vesicular stomatitis virus New Jersey N, P, and G proteins. The N protein amino acid sequence was the most highly conserved among the different isolates, indicating strong functional and structural constraints. Conversely, the P protein amino acid sequences were highly variable, indicating considerably fewer constraints or greater evolutionary pressure on the P protein. Much of the remarkable amino acid variability of the P protein resided in a hypervariable domain located between amino acids 153 and 205. The variability within this region would be consistent with it playing a structural role as a spacer to maintain correct conformational presentation of the separate active domains of this multifunctional protein. In marked contrast, the adjacent domain I of the P protein (previously thought to be under little evolutionary constraint) contained a highly conserved region. The colocalization of a short, potentially functional overlapping open reading frame to this region may explain this apparent anomaly.
Analysis of LDMOS structure with inclined p-bottom region

A new, 600V, RESURF LDMOS structure promising improvement on reliability, low on-resistance, and wide SOA region was proposed. The proposed LDMOS structure can reduce the electric field at silicon surface by about 40% using p-bottom layer for charge compensation without p-top layer. As carrier trapping into oxide at high electric field can be restrained, high reliability characteristics are expected. Most current flows around the silicon surface when the LDMOS turns on. However, in the proposed LDMOS, impact ionisation is repressed and current driving ability is increased by about 24%, voltage range is widened by 6% in SOA region because it has the low surface electric field. R/sub on,sp/ was improved by 15% when compared to the conventional LDMOS at the same breakdown voltage rating because there is no blocking layer in the drift region. This proposed LDMOS can also save one mask layer more than the conventional one.
Predicting Ixodes scapularis abundance on white-tailed deer using geographic information systems.

Abstract We collected 1,410 Ixodes scapularis from 139 white-tailed deer in Kent County, Maryland during the 1990 hunting season. A geographic information system was used to extract 41 environmental variables in the areas surrounding the collection sites of the deer. Stepwise linear regression was used to evaluate the association between the abundance of ticks on deer and the environmental data. A significant statistical association was observed between the abundance of I. scapularis and seven environmental variables (R = 0.69). Tick abundance was negatively correlated with urban land use patterns, wetlands, the amount of privately owned land, soils that tended to be saturated with water, and one drainage system. Tick abundance was positively correlated with well-drained, sandy soils having low water tables. These results indicate that geographically referenced environmental data may be useful in anticipating the risk of exposure to vectors over large areas.
Individual Characteristics and Their Effect on Predicting Mu Rhythm Modulation

Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) offer users with severe motor disabilities a nonmuscular input channel for communication and control but require that users achieve a level of literacy and be able to harness their appropriate electrophysiological responses for effective use of the interface. There is currently no formalized process for determining a user's aptitude for control of various BCIs without testing on an actual system. This study presents how basic information captured about users may be used to predict modulation of mu rhythms, electrical variations in the motor cortex region of the brain that may be used for control of a BCI. Based on data from 55 able-bodied users, we found that the interaction of age and daily average amount of hand-and-arm movement by individuals correlates to their ability to modulate mu rhythms induced by actual or imagined movements. This research may be expanded into a more robust model linking individual characteristics and control of various BCIs.
Polarization-enhanced absorption spectroscopy for laser stabilization

We demonstrate a variation of pump-probe spectroscopy that is particularly useful for laser frequency stabilization. The polarization-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (POLEAS) signal provides a significant improvement in signal-to-noise ratio over saturated absorption spectroscopy (SAS) for the important and commonly used atomic cycling transitions. The improvements can directly increase the short-term stability of a laser frequency lock, given sufficient servo loop bandwidth. The long-term stability of the POLEAS method, which is limited by environmental sensitivities, is comparable to that of SAS. The POLEAS signal is automatically Doppler-free, without requiring a separate Doppler subtraction beam, and lends itself to straightforward compact packaging. Finally, by increasing the amplitude of the desired (cycling) peak, while reducing the amplitude of all other peaks in the manifold, the POLEAS method eases the implementation of laser auto-locking schemes.
Surgical treatment of pulsion diverticula of the hypopharynx: one-stage resection in 478 cases.

It is apparent from this experience that pulsion diverticula of the hypopharynx occur somewhat commonly. Whenever dysphagia occurs it should be investigated promptly. Diagnosis of diverticula of the hypopharynx can be readily established by appropriate roentgenologic investigation. Surgical excision of diverticula of the hypopharynx can be performed as a one-stage operation with few complications and gratifying results.
Sputtering pressure effect on the giant magnetoresistance of Fe/Cr superlattices

We have studied the magnetic, structural and transport properties of sputtered Fe/Cr(1 1 0) superlattices as a function of the Ar pressure during the deposition. A systematic increase in the roughness is induced, as shown by low-angle X-ray diffraction measurements. As the Ar pressure becomes higher, it is also found an increase in the electrical resistivity, related with internal stresses, and a reduction in the antiferromagnetic coupling between the layers. However, the giant magnetoresistance (Δρ), normalized by the antiferromagnetically coupled fraction of the sample, increases for the highest Ar pressures, implying that the spin-dependent scattering mechanisms are enhanced by roughening of the interfaces.
MAIZE ENDOSPERM TISSUE GROWN IN VITRO III. DEVELOPMENT OF A SYNTHETIC MEDIUM

STRAUS, JACOB. (U. Oregon, Eugene.) Maize endosperm tissue grown in vitro. lII. Development of a synthetic medium. Amer. Jour. Bot. 47(8): 641-647. Illus. 1960.-The development of a synthetic medium for the growth of endosperm tissue cultures derived from the maize variety, 'Black Mexican Sweet,' is described. Previously, these tissues required yeast extract, casein hydrolyzate, or tomato juice in the medium in order to grow. The growth-supporting activity of these complexes could be attributed to their organic nitrogen content. The effect of juice extracted from fresh tomatoes is enhanced by autoclaving under acid conditions. Presumably this treatment increases the free amino acid content of the tomato juice. One-dimensional paper chromatograms of tomato juice autoclaved under acid conditions indicated the presence of a large amount of free amino acids. Addition of 1.5 X 102 M asparagine to the basal mineral-sugar-vitamin medium (White's medium plus Nitsch's trace-element solution) resulted in better growth than that supported by yeast extract, tomato juice, or casein hydrolyzate. Arginine was ineffective. Glutamine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid (all at 1.5 X 10' M) supported appreciable growth of the tissue but none of them were nearly so good as asparagine in this respect. Thus, a medium containing minerals, sugar, vitamins, and asparagine is capable of supporting excellent growth of maize endosperm tissue cultures. IN TIIE FIRST paper of this su ies (Straus and LaRue, 1954) a report was gi-ven of some of the growth requirements of corn endosperm tissue cultures. At that time, optimum growth of the tissue required, among other substances, 0.5% Seitz-filtered Difco yeast extract (YE). Preliminary experiments reported in the same paper indicated that some of the growth-promoting activity of YE could be attributed to its high organic nitrogen content. Thus, acid-hydrolyzed casein hydrolyzate (CH) or a less complex mixture of only 5 amino acids could replace about I/j of the activity of YE. LaRue (1949) and Sternheimer (1954) demonstrated that tomato juice (TJ) obtained from whole canned tomatoes was as effective in maintaining growth of the tissue as YE. However, YE was used by Straus and LaRue rather than TJ because growth supported by the latter was sometimes erratic. This was probably due to differences between the different lots of canned tomatoes. In a recent paper, Tamaoki and Ullstrup (1958) reported their work on the growth of the ends Straus, 1958) and sometimes in red tissues (Straus, 1958) . Both the colorless and red tissues have been isolated and are now maintained as separate cultures. The general methods of initial isolation of the endosperm, the general growth conditions, and
The Ghostly Voice of Gossip in Faulkner's A ROSE FOR EMILY

(2007). The Ghostly Voice of Gossip in Faulkner's A ROSE FOR EMILY. The Explicator: Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 229-232.
Azathioprine in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. A controlled study.

Sixteen patients with systemic lupus erythematosus have been observed for from 1 to 4 years while taking prednisone plus azathioprine in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg/day and compared to 19 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus managed with prednisone alone for a similar period. Patients receiving azathioprine showed a decreased mortality and morbidity, required less daily prednisone than the control group, exhibited no increased tendency to develop infection, had fewer exacerbations of their disease and maintained better renal function. Discontinuation of the azathioprine was associated with severe exacerbations of disease. The toxicity of azathioprine was minimal.
The role of xenoantigen in the human autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction: ability to respond in the absence of exposure to xenoantigen depends on the method of T-cell preparation.

Abstract Recent reports have suggested that the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) is attributable to contaminating xenoantigen. T-cell populations separated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) over Percoll fail to produce an AMLR in the absence of xenoantigen. However, T-cell populations that do not adhere to plastic and to nylon wool will in the absence of added xenoantigen produce an AMLR comparable to that obtained with E-rosetted populations. In the nonadherent cells separated sequentially by passage through nylon wool and Percoll, the presence of two lymphocyte subpopulations was demonstrated. One is xenoatigen dependent, the other xenoantigen independent in the AMLR. Further, the xenoantigen-independent population may provide help to the dependent population. In the previous reports with Percoll-separated cells that attributed the AMLR to contaminating xenoantigen, the xenoantigen-independent T-cell population was excluded from the responding fraction.
Utilizing optimized panel damping treatments to improve powertrain induced NVH and sound quality

Abstract Low levels of powertrain (P/T) noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) and high acceptance of vehicle sound quality (SQ) are critical for achieving customer preference and satisfaction. During a vehicle program, various design alternatives are studied to minimize P/T NVH and maximize SQ preference. Part of the P/T experience is the contribution from the body structure when alignments occur between body panel resonance modes and critical P/T frequencies. This paper will discuss: the laser imaging of body structure panels sensitive to critical P/T frequencies, utilizing a scanning laser system; determining the performance of the damping material at critical frequencies; and the performance of the added damping material on body panels from an overall driven vehicle standpoint.
Effects of hydrogen on the microstructure and microchemistry of Ti 3 Al – Nb intermetallics at high temperatures and high pressures

The microstructural and microchemical changes produced in a Ti{endash}25Al{endash}10Nb{endash}3V{endash}1Mo alloy (at.{percent}) by charging at high temperatures in high pressures of hydrogen gas have been studied using TEM and x-ray methods. Hydrides incorporating all of the substitutional solutes which formed during charging have a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure and exhibit either a plate or fine-grained morphology. With increasing hydrogen content, the size of the hydrides decreases and their microchemistry changes as they approach the stable binary hydride, TiH{sub 2}. Rejection of substitutional solute elements from the hydride produces changes in the microchemistry, and consequently in the crystal structure, of the surrounding matrix. In alloys containing 50 at.{percent} H, this solute redistribution results in the formation of an orthorhombic substitutional solid solution phase containing increased levels of Nb. The driving force for this redistribution of solutes is the reduction in the chemical potential of the system as the amount of the most stable hydride, TiH{sub 2}, forms. The hydrides reverted to a solid solution on annealing in vacuum at 1073 K, and the original microchemistry of the alloy was restored. Reversion from the hydride structure to the original {alpha}{sub 2} ordered DO{sub 19} structure proceeds via a disordered HCP phase. {copyright} {italmore » 1996 Materials Research Society.}« less
Sample Size and Power Determination for Detecting Interactions in Mixtures of Chemicals

In the analysis of mixtures of drugs/chemicals it is often of interest to test for the presence of interaction. If the hypothesis of no interaction (additivity) is not rejected, then the analyst may reasonably claim additivity if and only if the study is powered to a desired (e.g., biologically meaningful) level. The objective of this article is to address the sample size and power issues related to testing the hypothesis of additivity at specified mixture points. The study of disinfectant by-products (DBPs) found in drinking water, described in earlier literature, is used to illustrate the procedures for estimating power and sample sizes for detecting interactions at specified mixtures. The four trihalomethanes used in the study are bromodichloromethane (BDCM), chlorodibromomethane (CDBM), chloroform (CHCl3), and bromoform (CHBr3)
Exact Solution for a Model of Dislocation Pipe Diffusion

The dislocations are treated as an ideal array of parallel pipes of radius $a$ and diffusivity ${D}_{p}$ embedded in the bulk material of the diffusivity ${D}_{b}$. The exact solution of this problem of diffusion along semi-infinite edge dislocations is presented for cubic, tetragonal, and hexagonal crystals. The solution makes it possible to evaluate the dislocation pipe radius $a$ and the ratio of diffusivities $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ from one experiment. It is applied to experimental data for self-diffusion in tellurium available in the literature. The results of the calculations are a dislocation pipe radius $a=(1.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ cm and an activation energy for the pipe diffusion along edge dislocations in tellurium ${E}_{p}=0.80\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05$ eV.
Invited Paper Radiation-Hardened Optoelectronic Components: Detectors

In this talk, we will survey recent research in the area of radiation hardened optical detectors. We have studied conventional silicon photodiode structures, special radiation hardened silicon photodiodes, and special double heterojunction AlGaAs/GaAs photodiodes in neutron, gamma, pulsed x-ray and charged particle environments. We will present results of our work and summarize other research in this area. Our studies have shown at detectors can be made to function acceptably after exposures to neutron fluences of 1015 n/cm2, total dose gamma exposures of 108 rad (Si), and flash x-ray environments of 108 rad/sec (Si). We will describe detector structures that can operate through these conditions, pre-rad and post-rad operational characteristics, and experimental conditions that produced these results.© (1986) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
eyeVox: a collaborative scoring process

This paper describes an audience response process and its supporting systems for use in judged sporting events at the 2004 Athens Olympic Games. It consists of a wireless score-input system and an inclusive, transparent scoring procedure that leverages group knowledge to optimize collective voting. By educating spectators prior to and during the audience voting process, the \b^eyeVox\n^ system not only provides sophisticated spectator feedback, it leads spectators to more informed understanding, and thus better appreciation of the sport and the Olympics.
The Great Compression of the 1940s: The Public versus the Private Sector☆

Abstract Between 1940 and 1950 wage differentials narrowed substantially, a phenomenon that economic historians have called the “Great Compression.” This paper dis-aggregates the Great Compression into changes within and between the public and private sectors. We show that wage differentials declined in the public sector as well as in the private sector; had the public sector decline not taken place, the Great Compression would have been substantially smaller. In this regard, the experience of the 1940s stands in stark contrast with that of the past two decades, during which a relatively rigid public sector wage structure has dampened overall increases in wage inequality.
On-chip differential interference contrast (DIC) phase imager and beam profiler based on Young's interference

In this article, we will present a novel differential interference contrast (DIC) phase imaging device based on Young's interference. It is mainly based on either two or four nano apertures defined in an optically opaque aluminum film on a CMOS imaging sensor chip. It provides linear and disentangled differential phase and intensity images simultaneously. Furthermore, it's simple, free of bulky optical elements and compatible to the planar micro fabrication process. All of these features make it a promising device for the on-chip high resolution DIC phase imaging and beam profiling. The fabrication and operation of the device is explained in details. The performance is evaluated theoretically and is verified experimentally by examining the phase and intensity profile of a Gaussian beam and an optical vortex. The 2D quantitive differential phase distribution of an optical vortex has been recorded directly by our device with 1μm resolution.
The surface chemistry of ketene on Pt(111) II. Hreels

The adsorption and reaction of ketene (CH 2 CO) on clean, H(a) and O(a) covered Pt(111) have been investigated by high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD). Ketene adsorbs associatively at 100 K with di-σ bonding to the surface through the carbon atoms. Upon heating to ≈300 K, HREEL spectra indicate some decomposition to CO(a) (and, presumably, CH 2 (a)) and some reaction to form species identified η 1 (C)- and η 2 (C, O)-acetyl. Above 300 K, acetyl and residual ketene decompose to CO(a) and hydrocarbon fragments, C x H y (probably CH 3 (a)) which may be stabilized by interaction with CO(a). These species react to desorb methane in concert with CO desorption (≈375 K). At high initial coverages the decomposition of ketene and the formation of acetyl are inhited (shift to higher temperature). In the presence of H(a), the transformation to acetyl occurs at a lower temperature than on the clear surface. On the O(a) precovered surface, the vibrational spectrum indicates π-bonding of ketene with relatively small shifts in band frequencies from gas phase values.
Insight into adenosine receptor function using antisense and gene- knockout approaches

The extensive role of adenosine in discriminating input from the extracellular environment is effected through a series of cell membrane-spanning proteins--the adenosine A1, A2A, A2B and A3 receptors. New genetic and epigenetic tools have emerged that facilitate the elucidation of the function of these receptors with greater specificity than is generally possible with traditional antagonist drugs. These tools include antisense oligonucleotides (epigenetic) and gene 'knockin' and 'knockout' mice (genetic) and are discussed in this article by Jonathan Nyce.
Effects of Fructooligosaccharide and Whey Protein Concentrate on the Viability of Starter Culture in Reduced-Fat Probiotic Yogurt during Storage

: Viability of yogurt starter cultures and Bifidobacterium animalis was assessed during 28 d storage in reduced-fat yogurts containing 1.5% milk fat supplemented with 1.5% fructooligosaccharide or whey protein concentrate. These properties were examined in comparison with control yogurts containing 1.5% and 3% milk fat and no supplement. Although fructooligosaccharide improved the viability of Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subs. bulgaricus, and Bifidobacterium animalis, the highest growth was obtained when milk was supplemented with whey protein concentrate in reduced-fat yogurt (P < 0.05). Supplementation with 1.5% whey protein concentrate in reduced-fat yogurt increased the viable counts of S. thermophilus, L. delbrueckii subs. bulgaricus, and B. animalis by 1 log cycle in the 1st week of storage when compared to control sample. Similar improvement in the growth of both yogurt bacteria and B. animalis was also obtained in the full-fat yogurt containing 3% milk fat and no supplement. Addition of whey protein concentrate also resulted in the highest content of lactic and acetic acids (P < 0.05). A gradual increase was obtained in organic acid contents during the storage.
Management of combined anteriorcruciate ligament/posterior cruciate ligament/posterolateral complex injuries of the knee

Abstract The multiple ligament injured knee is a complex problem in orthopedic surgery. These injuries may present as acuteknee dislocations, and careful assessment of the extremity vascular status is essential because of the possibility of arterial and/or venous compromise. These complex injuries require a systematic approach to evaluation and treatment. Physical examination and imaging studies enable the surgeon to make a correct diagnosis and formulate a treatment plan. Arthroscopically assisted combined anterior cruciate ligament/ posterior cruciate ligament (ACL/PCL) reconstruction is a reproducible procedure. Knee stability is improved postoperatively when evaluated with knee ligament rating scales, arthrometer testing, and stress radiographic analysis. Posterolateral complex (PLC) injuries combined with ACL/PCL tears are best treated with primary repair as indicated combined with PCL reconstruction using a post of strong autograft (split biceps tendon, biceps tendon, semitendinosus), or allograft (Achilles tendon, bone-patellar tendon-bone) tissue. Surgical timing depends on the injured ligaments, vascular status of the extremity, reduction stability, and overall patient health. The use of allograft tissue is preferred because of the strength of these large grafts and the absence of donor site morbidity.
Late laser in situ keratomileusis flap dislocation caused by a thrown football

A 38-year-old man sustained a dislocated flap after being struck in the left eye with a football more than 30 months after uneventful laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Consequent epithelial ingrowth and microstriae required surgical treatment. The postoperative course was uneventful with recovery of 20/20 Snellen uncorrected visual acuity. This case illustrates the need for LASIK patients to wear protective eyewear when participating in contact sports.
DeNovo: Rethinking the Memory Hierarchy for Disciplined Parallelism

For parallelism to become tractable for mass programmers, shared-memory languages and environments must evolve to enforce disciplined practices that ban "wild shared-memory behaviors;'' e.g., unstructured parallelism, arbitrary data races, and ubiquitous non-determinism. This software evolution is a rare opportunity for hardware designers to rethink hardware from the ground up to exploit opportunities exposed by such disciplined software models. Such a co-designed effort is more likely to achieve many-core scalability than a software-oblivious hardware evolution. This paper presents DeNovo, a hardware architecture motivated by these observations. We show how a disciplined parallel programming model greatly simplifies cache coherence and consistency, while enabling a more efficient communication and cache architecture. The DeNovo coherence protocol is simple because it eliminates transient states -- verification using model checking shows 15X fewer reachable states than a state-of-the-art implementation of the conventional MESI protocol. The DeNovo protocol is also more extensible. Adding two sophisticated optimizations, flexible communication granularity and direct cache-to-cache transfers, did not introduce additional protocol states (unlike MESI). Finally, DeNovo shows better cache hit rates and network traffic, translating to better performance and energy. Overall, a disciplined shared-memory programming model allows DeNovo to seamlessly integrate message passing-like interactions within a global address space for improved design complexity, performance, and efficiency.
Contributions of Atlantic tropical cyclones to monthly and seasonal rainfall in the eastern United States 1960–2007

Tropical cyclone activity in the North Atlantic Basin experiences great variability on intra-annual, interannual, and interdecadal timescales. George Cry found that TC rainfall presents an intra-seasonal pattern over the eastern USA, contributing up to 40% of total monthly rainfall. This study replicates much of what was done by Cry using a denser rain gauge network and more sophisticated techniques for analysis. Rainfall data for this study come from 717 stations from the Historical Climate Network covering 31 states to capture the tropical cyclone (TC) contribution in monthly and seasonal precipitation in the eastern USA. Results showed that September has the highest TC rainfall contribution and the coastal regions of North Carolina, Virginia, and Alabama receive more than 30% of monthly rainfall totals from TCs. Comparisons between 1931–1960 and 1960–2007 study periods show that the storm track density shifted slightly eastward, which explains some of differences between the two analyses.
Mild Unilateral Proteinuria and Renal Vein Thrombosis Associated with Oral Contraceptive Usage

A previously healthy 15-yr-old female taking oral contraceptives presented with acute, isolated, unilateral renal vein thrombosis as documented by arteriography and venography. Mild proteinuria (760 mg/24 hr) was localized solely to the thrombosed kidney by selective ureteral collections. The case illustrates an oral contraceptive associated renal vein thrombosis in the absence of either inferior vena cava thrombosis, bilateral proteinuria, or the nephrotic syndrome. This patient's proteinuria and clinical course suggest that nephrotic syndrome is a cause of renal vein thrombosis rather than an effect of renal vein thrombosis. The finding of localized, unilateral proteinuria is discussed.
The schooling of African-American male students: the role of male teachers and school administrators

Drawing on interview and informal observation data collected from eight adolescent African-American boys residing in an urban community and attending an urban charter school, this paper describes and explores their relationships with African-American male school personnel. This paper highlights how adolescent African-American boys' experience and make sense of their interactions with teachers, school administrators and staff, as well as discusses the implications for school engagement and masculine identity development. The boys' narratives reveal relationships that are confrontational and strained, as well as respectful and caring. Furthermore, they highlight the ways in which masculinity is being shaped through the reciprocal-posturing of adult males.
Effects of Insulin and Anti-insulin Serum Treatments on Levels of Metabolites in Rat Mammary Glands1

The metabolic lesions produced by insulin insufficiency in lactating Sprague-Dawley rats were characterized. Guinea pig anti-insulin serum was used to produce acute insulin insufficiencies in lactating rats. Metabolite level changes in mammary tissue of animals receiving anti-insulin serum were observed. These changes were discussed in relation to activities of the Embden-Meyerhoff and pentose phosphate pathways. Calculations of the redox state of free nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides indicated that insulin insufficiency produced a shift in the redox state in mammary tissue. In addition, acute diabetes resulted in a decrease in the proportion of high energy phosphate bonds to the total adenine nucleotides in mammary tissue. These observations suggest that insulin's influence on mammary tissue metabolism was manifested primarily through its effects upon the redox state of free nicotinamide adenine nucleotides. This effect could possibly be attributed to reduced activity of the electron transport system. ...
ADVERSE SELECTION IN CAPITAL BUDGETING DECISION MAKING

Arditti (1973) was the first article to discuss the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). Since then, numerous papers have fine tuned the exact definition and interpretation of the WACC and how it can be used in capital budgeting as a cutoff rate [Ang (1973), Babcock (1985), Ben‐Horin (1979), and Miles and Ezzell (1980)]. To date, however, no article has quantified the magnitude and frequency of capital budgeting errors. The purpose of the article is to show the significance and frequency of errors that will occur when the WACC is even slightly miscalculated.
Management education during radiology residency: Development of an educational practice1

The practice of radiology has dramatically increased in complexity, largely due to three broad influences. These include the proliferation of imaging technologies, the economic pressures to limit healthcare costs, and the increasingly intrusive role of third parties (whether payors, regulators, or government) in everyday healthcare transactions. Practicing radiologists have been adapting to these technologic and socioeconomic changes and will continue to do so by managing the quality and scope of their professional services, the workflow of radiology operations, and the economic viability of their practices. It is likely that radiology practices would benefit from the presence of one or more radiologists with managerial training and skills. In this article, it is proposed that management education for radiologists may actually be initiated during residency; the value and the experiences with such an educational practice are described.
Cleveland Clinic intelligent mouthguard: a new technology to accurately measure head impact in athletes and soldiers

Nearly 2 million Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) occur in the U.S. each year, with societal costs approaching $60 billion. Including mild TBI and concussion, TBI’s are prevalent in soldiers returning from Iraq and Afghanistan as well as in domestic athletes. Long-term risks of single and cumulative head impact dosage may present in the form of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, suicide, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE), dementia, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Quantifying head impact dosage and understanding associated risk factors for the development of long-term sequelae is critical toward developing guidelines for TBI exposure and post-exposure management. The current knowledge gap between head impact exposure and clinical outcomes limits the understanding of underlying TBI mechanisms, including effective treatment protocols and prevention methods for soldiers and athletes. In order to begin addressing this knowledge gap, Cleveland Clinic is developing the “Intelligent Mouthguard” head impact dosimeter. Current testing indicates the Intelligent Mouthguard can quantify linear acceleration with 3% error and angular acceleration with 17% error during impacts ranging from 10g to 174g and 850rad/s 2 to 10000rad/s 2 , respectively. Correlation was high (R 2 > 0.99, R 2 = 0.98, respectively). Near-term development will be geared towards quantifying head impact dosages in vitro, longitudinally in athletes and to test new sensors for possible improved accuracy and reduced bias. Long-term, the IMG may be useful to soldiers to be paired with neurocognitive clinical data quantifying resultant TBI functional deficits.
Depolarized light scattering from liquids: rotations, collisions, and hydrodynamics

VH depolarized light scattering from liquids composed of symmetric top molecules is discussed. The dielectric fluctuations which give rise to the spectrum form an orientational and collisional (or intermolecular) contribution, and cross-correlation between the two can occur. The problem of disentangling the orientational from the collisional effects is shown to be possible, at least within the context of a generalized hydrodynamic model, because of the coupling of rotations and intermolecular interactions to hydrodynamic shear modes. A simple generalized hydrodynamic model is proposed which is successful in describing the observed spctra with an appropriate number of theoretical transport coefficients treated as adjustable parameters. Though this model is quite successful, and though the coefficients can all be described in physically meaningful and mathematically precise molecular terms, it must still be taken as a phenomenological theory until the fitted values of the coefficients can be compared with values calculated from the molecular expressions.
CYTOLOGICAL EXAMINATION AND LOCATION OF SYMBIONTS IN “LIVING SANDS” - BACULOGYPSINA

Specimens of the “living star-sand,” Baculogypsina sphaerulata , were collected from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Detailed cytological study of these algal-bearing foraminifera helped us to understand for the first time the relationship of the endosymbiotic diatoms to the complex morphology of the Baculogypsina test and its canal systems. We find that the symbionts are widely distributed in most of the chamberlets, especially in the umbilical and central parts of the test. In the proloculus and inner chamberlets, the symbionts are somewhat less abundant. Furthermore, the fossil canal liners and the expanded internal pore domes were empty of individual symbionts. It is now clear that regarding B. sphaerulata there is no special relationship between the symbionts and the homologs of the pores and liners as found in Amphistegina spp.
Blood parasites: problems in diagnosis using automated differential instrumentation.

Abstract To examine potential problems inherent in using automated differential instruments, we have reviewed herein two cases where blood parasites, Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum , were completely missed by use of this method. Diagnosis of these infections was made when blood was sent to the parasitology laboratory after having been missed prior to that time The first problem involved the laboratory request slip; no indication was made concerning possible suspect organisms. Therefore, peripheral blood examinations were performed using automated equipment. The number of fields scanned by a technologist on these smears is quite low; thus failure to pick up a light parasitemia is almost guaranteed. In both cases, after diagnosis had been made on smears submitted to the parasitology division, all previous smears examined by the automated system were reviewed and found to be positive for parasites. Failure to make the diagnosis resulted in delayed therapy. Although these instruments are not designed to detect intracellular blood parasites, the inability of the automated systems to discriminate between uninfected red blood cells and those infected with parasites may pose serious diagnostic problems.
1000 ADVERSE EFFECTS OF METHICILLIN, NAFCILLIN, AND OXACILLIN IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

Methicillin (M), nafcillin (N) and oxacillin (Ox) are commonly used antimicrobial agents, but limited prospective data are available about the incidence of their side effects in pediatric patients. Sixty-nine patients (newborn-18 yr) were evaluated prospectively for adverse effects associated with M, N or Ox. Hematologic parameters (hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC with diff, platelet ct, and reticulocyte ct), hepatic enzymes (SGOT, SGPT) and renal function tests (BUN, serum creatinine and urinalysis) were obtained before the institution of treatment and at frequent intervals (min every 5 d) during the course of therapy. Culture and sensitivity, daily body temp and concomitant drugs were recorded. Three of 28 patients receiving M developed eosinophilia (eos, 705-1547/cu mm) within 5-8 days of therapy. Of 32 patients on N, 2 developed neutropenia (neut, 642-752/cu mm) within 4-13 days of therapy; 3 developed eosinophilia (eos, 1030-2171/cu mm) within 1-4 days of therapy; and 1 developed elevation of liver enzymes (SGOT 179 RFU, SGPT 98 RFU) on day 3 of treatment. Of 9 patients receiving Ox, 1 developed elevation of liver enzymes (SGOT 158 RFU, SGPT 409 RFU) on day 15, and 1 developed neutropenia (neut 684/cu mm) on day 11 of therapy. All laboratory values returned to normal with the discontinuation of therapy. Our data suggest that appropriate laboratory tests should be monitored to detect occurrence of adverse effects to M, N and Ox.
Image-guided endoscopic evacuation of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

Abstract Background Spontaneous ICH is a devastating disease with high morbidity and mortality. Intracerebral hemorrhage lacks an effective medical or surgical treatment despite the acknowledged pathophysiologic benefits of achieved hemostasis and clot removal. Image-guided stereotactic endoscopic hematoma evacuation is a promising minimally invasive approach designed to limit operative injury and maximize hematoma removal. Methods A single-center randomized controlled trial was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of stereotactic hematoma evacuation compared to best medical management. Patients were randomized within 24 hours of hemorrhage in a 3:2 fashion to best medical management plus endoscopic hematoma evacuation or best medical management alone. Data were collected to assess efficacy and safety of hematoma evacuation and to identify procedural components requiring technical improvement. Results Ten patients have been enrolled and randomized to treatment. Six patients underwent endoscopic evacuation with a hematoma volume reduction of 80% ± 13% at 24 hours post procedure. The medical arm demonstrated a hematoma enlargement of 78% ± 142% during this same period. Rehemorrhage rates and deterioration rates were similar in the 2 groups. Mortality was 20% in the endoscopic group and 50% in the medical treatment cohort. The endoscopic technique was shown to be effective in identification and evacuation of hematomas, whereas reduction in the number of endoscopic passes and maintenance of hemostasis require further study. Conclusion Image-guided stereotactic endoscopic hematoma removal is a promising minimally invasive technique that is effective in immediate hematoma evacuation. This technique deserves further investigation to determine its role in ICH management.
Theory of the Effect of Spin-Orbit Coupling on Magnetic Resonance in Some Semiconductors

The effect of spin-orbit coupling on the usual band theory of electrons in a lattice is considered. Particular attention is given to the bands in impurity semiconductors with diamond-type structure. $g$-values are calculated for electron states typical of various possible cases and it is found that different values are obtained according as to whether the Fermi level is near or distant from a band degeneracy. The spin-lattice relaxation time is calculated so that the effect of spin-orbit coupling on the wave functions is included, and times in fair agreement with those observed in silicon and alkali metals are obtained.
Heterolytic addition of E–H bonds across Pt–P bonds in Pt N-heterocyclic phosphenium/phosphido complexes

The reactivity of E–H bonds (E = S, O, Cl) with Pt(II) complexes ligated by an N-heterocyclic phosphido-containing diphosphine ligand have been investigated. Addition of PhSH to [(PPP)Pt(PPh3)][PF6] (1) results in clean formation of [(PP(H)P)Pt(SPh)][PF6] (3), in which the substrate has added across the Pt–PNHP bond. Similar reactivity occurs when 1 is treated with ROH (R = Ph, Me), but in this case the O–H bond adds across the Pt–P bond in the opposite direction producing [(PP(OR)P)Pt(H)(PPh3)][PF6] (R = Ph (4), Me (5)). HCl addition to 1 cleanly generates [(PP(H)P)PtCl][PF6] (6PF6PF6PF6). The neutral Pt–NHP complex (PPP)PtCl (2) exhibits similar reactivity; however, in the presence of the nucleophilic Cl− anion, the (PP(OR)P)Pt(H)Cl species presumably generated via addition of ROH (R = Me, Et) undergoes an Arbuzov-like dealkylation reaction to exclusively form the N-heterocylic phosphinito species (PP(O)P)Pt(H) (7).
Pattern recognition receptors and control of adaptive immunity

The mammalian immune system effectively fights infection through the cooperation of two connected systems, innate and adaptive immunity. Germ-line encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system sense the presence of infection and activate innate immunity. Some PRRs also induce signals that lead to the activation of adaptive immunity. Adaptive immunity is controlled by PRR-induced signals at multiple checkpoints dictating the initiation of a response, the type of response, the magnitude and duration of the response, and the production of long-term memory. PRRs thus instruct the adaptive immune system on when and how to best respond to a particular infection. In this review, we discuss the roles of various PRRs in control of adaptive immunity.
Monoclonal antibodies to human malignant mesothelioma

Murine monoclonal antibodies were used to identify tumor-cell membrane antigens on a new human mesothelioma cell line. Hybridomas were constructed by fusing SP2/0 mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from Balb/C mice immunized by the human mesothelioma cell line MT-1. Hybridoma antibody was detected in 55/672 microculture wells that reacted to these MT-1 tumor cells by an indirect125I-protein A binding assay. Six cultures produced antibody binding selectively to the MT-1 tumor cells but not to a human lymphoblastoid cell line. These six hybridomas were cloned: three were IgG and three were IgM antibodies. One monoclonal, MAb 45, reacted with 4 of 7 human mesothelioma cell lines but with only 1 of 11 carcinomas, 1 of 3 sarcomas, 4 of 11 melanomas, and 0 of 5 lymphoid lines. The other five monoclonals had a much broader cross-reactivity. Using an immunoperoxidase technique, MAb 45 bound to mixed-type malignant mesotheliomas but not to normal lung and pleura. The specificity of MAb 45 for diffuse mesotheliomas and the low cross-reactivity with carcinomas and normal adjacent tissues suggest that this monoclonal may be clinically useful.
How can we keep private data private

While technology increases the accessibility of patient data, it also compromises its confidentiality. Here, review the federal government's solutions.
A deterministic theory of clinical performance rating: promising early results.

The proposed theory provides a basis for both measuring and correcting rater stringency error in some grossly incomplete rating data matrices. The theoretical model fit (R = .92, .85, .82; joint p <.000001) ratings made byfaculty and resident physicians (n = 47, 31, and 29) of student clinical performance in each of three junior year medical student cohorts (n = 29, 30, and 35) better than alternative models. In these data the percentage of variation attributable to stringency and ability was about 35 and 40, respectively. Three-month test-retest reliability for rater stringencies was .16 < r < .29 (joint p < .04). Cross-validation supported the proposed model (r = .61) over the conventional alternative (r = .41; z = 2.62, p < .004). Both reliability and convergent validity of the ability construct were .20 greater for one corrected rating than for one observed (uncorrected) rating.