cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introduction to Latin American Studies and the Humanities: One Year Later

This essay introduces the three essays in this collection, “Latin American Studies and the Humanities: One Year Later.” This collection follows our first dossier, “Latin American Studies and the Humanities: Past, Present, Future,” which was published in September 2018 ( https://doi.org/10.25222/larr.521 ). The essays here—all written by historians—address current questions in humanistic research in Latin American and ethnic/area studies, including object-centered analysis, comparative methodologies, and archival formation and practices. Our introduction situates the essays in the dossier within three critical contexts, suggesting how new work in Latin American studies can engage with diverse scholarly paradigms, frameworks, and methodological approaches, specifically oceanic worlds and science studies, ethnic and area studies, and Latinx studies. Resumen El presente ensayo proporciona un panorama de los tres articulos historicos que forman este dossier, “Latin American Studies and the Humanities: One Year Later” (Estudios latinoamericanos y las humanidades: Un ano despues). Los trabajos de la presente coleccion contestan en cierta manera el dossier que publicamos en septiembre del ano pasado bajo el titulo “Latin American Studies and the Humanities: Past, Present, Future” (Estudios latinoamericanos y las humanidades: Pasado, presente, futuro, disponible en https://doi.org/10.25222/larr.521 ). Los ensayos del presente dossier, a igual que los de la coleccion anterior, contribuyen a varios temas actuales en los estudios latinoamericanos, entre ellos el analisis de los objetos, metodologias comparadas y practicas de archivo. Nuestro ensayo introductorio pretende situar los ensayos dentro de tres contextos criticos, asi mostrando como diversos abordajes humanisticos y marcos teoricos nos ayudaran entender los vinculos entre los estudios latinoamericanos y tres campos particulares: los paradigmas oceanos y los estudios de la historia de la ciencia y tecnologia; los estudios de area y etnicidades; los estudios Latinx.
Simulated storage causes carbohydrate loss and rooting differences in two poinsettia cultivars

Unrooted cuttings of ‘Prestige Red’ and ‘White Star’ poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch) were stored in a box at 10 °C for 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 d to simulate shipping and holding. Vis...
Aligning experiences: comparing and contrasting K12 and post-secondary space, resources, and services to smooth the college transition

In this study, researchers used basic qualitative research to understand the spaces, resources, and services available to K12 students in their school libraries. Using observation and semi-structur...
Open-Source IoT Framework for Mobile Household Water Reuse System

Humanitarian response often addresses the basic human needs which include safe, sanitary, hazard free environment. From the war torn countries to remote communities, untreated household waste water creates living conditions directly affecting human welfare. We present an IoT enabled, semi-industrial, mobile waste water treatment solution targeted for communities in remote sub-Arctic regions without a centralized sewer system or a waste water treatment facility. The open-source hardware and software platforms were implemented on an Arduino Mega and Raspberry Pi to operate a household water reuse system. The water reuse system was developed as part of the Alaska Water and Sewer Challenge to address a cost effective alternative to piped water and sewer service in unserved remote Alaskan Communities. The semi-industrial water treatment system was controlled using the internet enabled Arduino Mega and Raspberry Pi components-off-the-shelf (COTS) that allowed for both on-site and remote control. While implemented as a proof-of-concept of a treatment system to evaluate existing waste water technology, the production model can take full advantage of the internet of things concepts that would allow for proactive maintenance scheduling, optimized treatment time to meet available community electrical loads, and remote troubleshooting and operation to name a few.
CHAPTER 5 – County Courts

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the acts and trial of County Courts in the United Kingdom. The main features of the county court system are convenience of venue, simplicity of procedure, summary determination, andpossibly the most important from a litigant's point of view, moderation of expense. Between 1846 and 1888 a series of County Courts Acts found their way on to the statute books only to be repealed in due course, until in the latter year the County Courts Act, 1888, was enacted. That Act remained as the principal act and was in fact the main statutory pillar of present county court procedure until it was successively replaced first by the County Courts Act, 1934, then by the County Courts Act, 1959, each of which amended and consolidated the earlier acts. It is found that in addition to the judge who is allocated to it by the Lord Chancellor, each county court district has a registrar who is also appointed by the Lord Chancellor.
Deep Learning for Automated Liver Segmentation to Aid in the Study of Infectious Diseases in Nonhuman Primates

With the advent of deep learning, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have evolved as an effective method for the automated segmentation of different tissues in medical image analysis. In certain infectious diseases, the liver is one of the more highly affected organs, where an accurate liver segmentation method may play a significant role to improve the diagnosis, quantification, and follow-up. Although several segmentation algorithms have been proposed for liver or liver-tumor segmentation in computed tomography (CT) of human subjects, none of them have been investigated for nonhuman primates (NHPs), where the livers have a wide range in size and morphology. In addition, the unique characteristics of different infections or the heterogeneous immune responses of different NHPs to the infections appear with a diverse radiodensity distribution in the CT imaging. In this study, we investigated three state-of-the-art algorithms; VNet, UNet, and feature pyramid network (FPN) for automated liver segmentation in whole-body CT images of NHPs. The efficacy of the CNNs were evaluated on 82 scans of 37 animals, including pre and post-exposure to different viruses such as Ebola, Marburg, and Lassa. Using a 10-fold cross-validation, the best performance for the segmented liver was provided by the FPN; an average 94.77% Dice score, and 3.6% relative absolute volume difference. Our study demonstrated the efficacy of multiple CNNs, wherein the FPN outperforms VNet and UNet for liver segmentation in infectious disease imaging research.
Thermal Design of an Alternative Boiling Water Reactor Spent Nuclear Fuel Package for Yucca Mountain Repository

Thermal analysis of an alternative boiling water reactor (BWR) waste package design for permanent disposal in the Yucca Mountain Repository is reported in this paper. The new design implements an increase in the holding capacity of the BWR waste packages from 44 to 52 assemblies and a modified arrangement sequence of waste packages in the emplacement drift. The design is favorable from the perspective of a generally drier emplacement drift due to an increase in heat load in the waste packages and the resulting higher temperatures. The analysis addresses heat transfer issues inside the waste package and those pertinent to satisfying the safe thermal limits for the waste package components. Key parameters in the analysis are the spent nuclear fuel assembly effective conductivities, the number of aluminum shunts, and the gap backfill with pressurized helium insidethewastepackages.Thefeasibilityoftheproposed design is demonstrated by the internal waste package thermal model and the thermal-hydrologic environment in the emplacement drift. The conformity of the alternative thermal design to safe temperatures, in spite of the additional heat load, led to another innovative design with radial arrangement of assemblies in the waste packages that would further support the sustenance of drier emplacement drifts. These radial configurations are also discussed in this paper.
Examining Early Composing: Children’s Differential Writing Performance Based on Task Context and Scoring Conceptualization

Early writing is a foundational component of emergent literacy. Despite recent increases in early writing research, studies often narrowly focus on transcription (i.e., letter and/or name writing, ...
Understanding US millennials' perceived values of denim apparel recycling: insights for brands and retailers

Given the importance of denim jeans recycling in the sustainability movement of today's apparel industry, in the context of rising consumer environmentalism, this study aimed to identify the key factors influencing the US millennial consumers' willingness to recycle their denim apparel to brands or retailers that offer recycling services. Consumer perceived value (CPV) model provides the theoretical framework and guides the primary data collection. Based on analysis of 15 in-depth interviews, five main values identified are the perceived social, financial, emotional, convenience and ecological values of denim apparel recycling. Each of these main values has sub-themes. The findings can help apparel brands and retailers to better design and execute their recycling programs by targeting millennials who are considered as the primary drivers of fast fashion consumption. Through revealing consumer perceived values from recycling denim apparel, this study adds theoretical insights to academia and suggests practical solutions to companies.
Smart Subcategories: How Assortment Formats Influence Consumer Learning and Satisfaction

We show that formats used by retailers to organize assortments into subcategories can enhance or encumber consumers’ learning and satisfaction. For more knowledgeable consumers, unexpected subcategory formats provide a newness cue, thereby increasing effort, learning, and satisfaction. That is, unexpected subcategory formats help more knowledgeable consumers overcome complacency and benefit more from their shopping experience. Conversely, unexpected subcategory formats lead to decreases in learning and satisfaction among lower prior knowledge consumers. Interestingly, we also find that consumers are relatively well calibrated with regard to the effects of more and less expected subcategory formats, anticipating that less expected formats may help more knowledgeable consumers. Taken together, these findings suggest that subcategory formats can be tailored to consumers’ prior knowledge levels in ways that yield both expected and actual benefits.
Long-term stability and electronic properties of passive film of lean-duplex stainless steel reinforcements in chloride containing mortar

Abstract The corrosion behavior, semiconducting properties and chemical composition of the passive film formed on lean-duplex stainless steel LDSS 2001, LDSS 2304 and AISI 304 reinforcements embedded in OPC mortar containing chloride, 0, 0.4, 2 and 4 wt% Cl−; after 2.5 years were studied. The Ceff,film of LDSS 2001 remained constant at 3 × 10−5 F/cm2 for all Cl− concentrations. Flat-band potential, EFB,A, of LDSS 2001 increased with the Cl− concentration, suggesting a Cr2O3 film more prone to accept electrons, reducing the vacancy density. The enrichment in chromium in the passive film of LDSS 2001 after 2.5 years increases from 44% to 61%.
Identify Experts through Revealed Confidence: Application to Wisdom of Crowds

Identifying the experts among the crowds may help us further improve the wisdom of crowds. However, due to overconfidence, conventional confidence elicitation can't reliably identify experts. To better reflect the relative expertise among agents, we propose the Revealed Confidence (RC) algorithm, which uses belief-update under an influence as a measure for confidence. We highlight the distinction between first-order and second-order uncertainty. We demonstrate that neglecting second-order uncertainty, as in the case of conventional self-reported confidence, may lead a perfectly rational agent to exhibit over-precision. From our belief-updating model, we prove that RC reveals both first-order and second-order uncertainty, as well as clarify the implications of the distance effect (the distance between an initial answer and its influence affects belief-updating) to the revelation of uncertainty. Our empirical analysis test, and confirm, several of our model predictions that (1) RC is able to improve upon conventional wisdom of crowds methods by overweighting the more accurate agents (2) the distance effect indeed affects belief-updating henceforth RC algorithm's performance and should be carefully controlled for. We also compare RC algorithm with the state-of-the-art minimal Pivoting Method and show RC still has an edge.
Screen media for Arab and European children: policy and production encounters in the multiplatform era

Given the extensive displacement and forced migration of children in Arab and European countries in recent years, as well as changes in the production, distribution, and consumption of screen media...
Tailored Motivational Interviewing (TMI): A Pilot Implementation-Effectiveness Trial to Promote MI Competence in Adolescent HIV Clinics.

This brief report describes results of piloted Tailored Motivational Interviewing (TMI). Tailoring focused on site-specific training needs, target patient behaviors, and implementation facilitators and barriers that staff anticipated. Participating staff (N = 31) at two adolescent HIV clinics completed a pre-training qualitative interview (N = 27), and MI competency assessments based on three pre- and six post-training standard patient role-plays (N = 27). Results included pre- to post-training MI competence improvement (t (153) = − 4.13, p ≤ 0.001) and change in competency category distribution (X2 = (2, N = 155) = 15.72, p ≤ 0.001), providing initial support for the implementation of TMI in adolescent HIV clinic settings.
Performance of Rapid On-Site Evaluation in Breast Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsies: Identifying Areas of Diagnostic Challenge.

Introduction Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a well-established method for sampling breast lesions with high accuracy and positive predictive value. Despite its decline in recent years relative to the use of core needle biopsies, there are several advantages to FNA which include cost-effectiveness, low complication rate, and the ability to perform rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE). The aim of this study was to evaluate breast FNAs with ROSE to identify diagnostic challenges during ROSE. Materials and methods We identified all breast FNAs with ROSE performed at Massachusetts General Hospital from January 2014 to December 2019. From the electronic medical record, clinical, radiological, and follow-up pathology results were recorded. Comparison between the rapid and final cytological diagnosis was made. All discrepancies were documented with major discrepancy defined as a malignant rapid interpretation not confirmed on final diagnosis or a negative rapid interpretation upgraded to suspicious or positive on final diagnosis. Results The study cohort consisted of 483 breast FNAs with ROSE. The rapid and final cytological interpretations showed good correlation, with only 6 (1.2%) major discrepancies. Problematic areas included low-grade, lobular, and fibroepithelial lesions with low cellularity being a contributory factor to misclassification. Conclusions FNA remains a highly accurate method for the evaluation of breast lesions with ROSE.
Cultural adaptation: a framework for addressing an often-overlooked dimension of digital health accessibility

Relatively little is known about how to make digital health tools accessible to different populations from a cultural standpoint. Alignment with cultural values and communication styles may affect these tools' ability to diagnose and treat various conditions. In this Editorial, we highlight the findings of recent work to make digital tools for mental health more culturally accessible, and propose ways to advance this area of study.
Making the numbers: agency in computer-generated formal representations of saleswork

This research builds on the literature on information technology and organizations to suggest an alternative to the current understanding of the production of computer-generated formal representations of work. This literature sees computer-generated formal representations of work as automatic outcomes of information technology that managers use to scrutinize employees. My ethnography of a desk-based sales unit suggests that managers have incentives to forfeit surveillance and instead apply their efforts to use information technology to build a facade of compliance with prescribed goals and prescribed rules, roles, and procedures. I show that such a facade requires continuous maintenance work and that it is employees, not managers, that have to engage in this work. Specifically, I show that employees need to engage in unprescribed work to earn the right to use formal information systems to represent work that they have not actually carried out. I explain how employees improvise a shadow information system to coordinate their unprescribed work across time. I also show how employees enact a set of personal and impersonal tactics to enlist the cooperation of other parts of their organization in their unprescribed work. I seek to shed light on the many hidden labors behind representations of compliance and place agency again in the center stage of the process of producing computer-generated formal representations of work. In doing so, I aim to contribute to the understanding of visibility of action in social theory by showing that it is possible to manage how visible one's action is, even when that action unfolds in a front stage. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
A Lagrangian Method for Simulating Geophysical Fluids

Lagrangian Mode Geophysical Mon © 2012. American 10.1029/2012GM This paper reviews the recent development of a fully Lagrangian numerical method for simulating circulations in geophysical fluids. A body of water or an atmosphere is represented as a collection of conforming fluid parcels. Parcel motions are predicted using Newtonian mechanics, and neighboring parcels are allowed to exchange momentum and/or tracers to account for unresolved circulations. Overlapping parcels in convectively unstable regions exchange vertical positions to represent effects of dry and/or moist convection. Model equations for both oceans and atmospheres are provided, and lake, ocean, and atmospheric applications completed to date are summarized. The Lagrangian method is shown to be capable of simulating general circulations in oceans and atmospheres and a variety of transient phenomena including upwelling fronts, tropical instability waves, and atmospheric convective systems.
Multi-camera conical imaging; calibration and robust 3-D motion estimation for ROV based mapping and positioning

Over the last decade, there has been an increasing interest in developing vision systems and technologies that support the operation of unmanned submersible platforms. Selected examples include the detection of obstacles and tracking of moving targets, station keeping and positioning, pipeline following, navigation and mapping. Currently, these developments rely on images form standard CCD cameras with a single optical center and limited field of view, making them restrictive for some applications. Panoramic images have been explored extensively in recent years (Peleg et al., 2001; Swaminathan et al., 2001; Yagi and Yachida, 1991; Zhang et al., 1991; Zheng and Tsuji, 1992), and was previously proposed for a number of applications, capabilities, and operational modes of underwater vehicles (Negahdaripour et al., 1988); scenarios that are also common in airborne and space robotics applications. A particular configuration of interest in this investigation yields a conical view. Unlike a single catadioptric camera (Gluckman and Nayar, 1999; Swaminathan et al., 2001), combination of conventional cameras may be used to generate images at much higher resolution (Negahdaripour et al., 2001). In this paper, we derive complete mathematical model of projection and image motion equations for a down-look conical camera that may be installed on a mobile platform - e.g., a submersible or airborne system in terrain flyover imaging. We describe the calibration of a system comprising multiple cameras with overlapping fields of view to generate the conical view. We finally demonstrate through experiments with synthetic and real data that such images provide improved accuracy in 3-D visual motion estimation. Which is the underlying issue in a number of key problems, including 3-D positioning, navigation, mapping, as well as image registration and photo-mosaicing.
Mutual support groups in Great Britain. A survey.

Abstract In the fall of 1979 an attempt was made to locate and survey as many mutual support groups in the United Kingdom as could be readily identified. For purposes of this study, mutual support groups were characterized as groups meeting in small units around a specific focal issue; meeting regularly and frequently for purposes of mutual support. Out of a total mailing of 154 questionnaires, 143 packets were delivered and responses received from 112 self-help organizations. Of these, 71 were determined to fit the criteria for mutual support groups and these responses constitute the basis for the present report. The range of focal issues in these groups was quite broad, divisible into three subgroupings: physical conditions, mental and emotional conditions and social status conditions. There appears to have been a more or less steady growth in the number of these groups founded since the end of World War II, with only 3 groups in the sample predating 1940. Mutual support groups vary tremendously in the number of branches and size of membership. Twelve were local (single branch) groups; 35 were national (multibranch) groups and 18 were international organizations. The number of branches ranged from 1 to 30,000 and total membership ranged from 19 to 70,000. A typical branch register contained the names of 84 persons and the typical attendance at a branch meeting was 28 persons. Mutual support groups usually served those who share the focal condition though there are numerous groups open to family and other interested persons. Conditions for membership were generally found to be unrestrictive. The average group meets monthly. Members tend to be adults aged 30–44 years, more often female than male and recruited largely by publicity in the mass media. Aside from the meetings, important activities were identified as book service-literature, social events, newsletter, contact with other members and information—referral services. The groups are, in the main, funded out of voluntary contributions and membership fees. Professional persons and their services were, in the main, regarded in a positive light. The report includes a commentary on the methodological problems in doing research of this nature.
Multinucleated histiocytes in esophageal squamous mucosa secondary to gastroesophageal reflux disease in a patient with esophageal stricture.

Summary We present a novel finding of multinucleated histiocytes associated with acute and chronic inflammation secondary to gastroesophageal reflux in a patient with a history of esophageal stricture, representing the first documented case after a review of the literature. Multinucleated squamous cells, while rare, are a more common finding in association with reactive and inflammatory conditions and have been reported in other areas of the body, such as the vulva, skin, and colon. Esophageal involvement with multinucleated epithelial giant cells appears to be a much less frequently encountered occurrence with only one previous report in the literature. We add to this series an interesting case of esophageal multinucleated giant cells that are histiocytes rather than epithelial cells, supported with positive CD68 immunohistochemical staining. Our patient had severe esophageal dysphagia with stricture with history of food impaction, requiring several dilation sessions to achieve an esophageal luminal diameter of 17 mm. There was marked clinical and endoscopic improvement with proton pump inhibitor and endoscopic therapy. The multinucleated mucosal histiocytes at the time of biopsy were likely due to reactive changes from chronic injury due to food stasis and reflux.
Hydrogen Exchange in Proteins as a Measure of Solvent Exclusion due to Ligands NUCLEASE AND MYOGLOBIN

The kinetic distribution of hydrogen atoms back-exchanging from tritium-labeled proteins has been estimated from the results of interrupted flow and slow, continuous-flow gel filtration. Staphylococcal nuclease exchanges almost all of it bound tritium atoms in a few hours at pH 8.1, but in the presence of calcium ions and deoxythymidine 3′,5′-diphosphate about 34 hydrogen atoms remain associated with the protein for periods longer than 8 hours. The effect of temperature on the binding of tritium, in the presence and in the absence of these ligands, has been studied. Sperm whale myoglobin shows an analogous trapping of tritium atoms upon the addition of hematin to apomyoglobin. The hematin causes the retention of about 25 hydrogen atoms for periods longer than 20 hours at pH 7.0; protoporphyrin IX traps fewer hydrogen atoms. These results indicate that the addition of the ligands to these two proteins causes the exclusion of solvent water from otherwise exchangeable protein hydrogen atoms. The mechanism of this effect probably involves some combination of direct shielding of the protein from the solvent by the ligand, and changes in conformation and motility.
Review of regulations and guidelines for commercial and noncommercial drivers with sleep apnea and narcolepsy

Studies show that persons with sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea and narcolepsy, have an increased incidence of automobile accidents. The goal of this study was to review any regulations or guidelines dealing with fitness to drive of persons with sleep disorders in all the 50 states and countries around the world. Several authorities in the United States and abroad in fact have produced guidelines or regulations stating that certain of these persons are not fit to drive. As of March 1994, only four states in the United States (Maryland, North Carolina, Oregon and Utah) had guidelines for narcolepsy, while two had guidelines for both narcolepsy and sleep apnea (California and Texas). In Maine, guidelines had been proposed for sleep apnea. In contrast, almost all Canadian provinces have guidelines for both sleep apnea and narcolepsy, as does the United Kingdom. There are, however, considerable variations in the nature of the regulations used in different states, Canadian provinces and countries. These variations are not based on scientific data. Currently the impact of these regulations on crash rates or on the practice of sleep medicine has not been assessed.
The Press and the “221”

The Chambers were to be convoked on the second of March and both Ultras and constitutionalists faced the day with anxiety. It was customary in France, as in England, for the King to open the legislative session with an address. This Discours du roi reflected ministerial sentiment and sketched the legislative program of the Royal Council. It usually included a review of the past year’s events, and was understood, although spoken by the Monarch, to be written and inspired by the ministers. Thus, the King’s speech had become an important political weather vane. It was also customary for the Chambers to appoint a committee to edit a response to the King, acknowledging his speech point by point and pledging their cooperation. The response was subject to debate since its drafting committee consisted of deputies elected by the majority. Both addresses were eagerly awaited by journalists of both camps.
Oscillatory activity in sensorimotor cortex of awake monkeys: synchronization of local field potentials and relation to behavior

1. Oscillations of 20-40 Hz were observed in local field potentials (LFPs) and unit activity in sensorimotor cortices of three awake monkeys while the monkeys performed trained wrist movements and ...
Complex dynamics of synergistic coinfections on realistically clustered networks

We investigate the impact of contact structure clustering on the dynamics of multiple diseases interacting through coinfection of a single individual, two problems typically studied independently. We highlight how clustering, which is well known to hinder propagation of diseases, can actually speed up epidemic propagation in the context of synergistic coinfections if the strength of the coupling matches that of the clustering. We also show that such dynamics lead to a first-order transition in endemic states, where small changes in transmissibility of the diseases can lead to explosive outbreaks and regions where these explosive outbreaks can only happen on clustered networks. We develop a mean-field model of coinfection of two diseases following susceptible-infectious-susceptible dynamics, which is allowed to interact on a general class of modular networks. We also introduce a criterion based on tertiary infections that yields precise analytical estimates of when clustering will lead to faster propagation than nonclustered networks. Our results carry importance for epidemiology, mathematical modeling, and the propagation of interacting phenomena in general. We make a call for more detailed epidemiological data of interacting coinfections.
Social Constraints are Associated with Negative Psychological and Physical Adjustment in Bereavement

Losing a loved one is a normative life event, yet there is great variability in subsequent interpersonal experiences and adjustment. The Social-Cognitive Processing (SCP) model suggests that social constraints (i.e. limited opportunities to disclose thoughts and feelings in a supportive context) impede emotional and cognitive processing of stressful life events, which may lead to maladjustment. This study investigates personal and loss-related correlates of social constraints during bereavement, the links between social constraints and post-loss adjustment, and whether social constraints moderate the relations between loss-related intrusive thoughts and adjustment. A community sample of bereaved individuals (n = 238) provided demographic and loss-related information and reported on their social constraints, loss-related intrusions, and psychological and physical adjustment. Women, younger people, and those with greater financial concerns reported more social constraints. Social constraints were significantly associated with more depressive symptoms, perceived stress, somatic symptoms, and worse global health. Individuals with high social constraints and high loss-related intrusions had the highest depressive symptoms and perceived life stress. Consistent with the SCP model, loss-related social constraints are associated with poorer adjustment, especially psychological adjustment. In particular, experiencing social constraints in conjunction with loss-related intrusions may heighten the risk for poor psychological health.
Effects of selective opiate antagonists on morphine-induced hyperalgesia in domestic fowl.

Although morphine typically produces analgesia in a variety of species, recent research has identified a biological model in which morphine produces a naloxone-reversible, paradoxical hyperalgesic response to a noxious thermal stimulus in young domestic fowl. The present study examined opioid receptor-mediation of this atypical opiate effect. Patterns of morphine hyperalgesia (1.25 to 5.0 mg/kg IM) were examined on a standard hot-plate test following administration (10 micrograms/5 microliters ICV) of the mu antagonist beta-funaltrexamine, the delta antagonist naltrindole, or the kappa antagonist nor-binaltorphimine in 15-day-old White Leghorn cockerels. Respiration measures were also recorded because they are indicative of opiate effects. Morphine produced a dose-dependent decrease in mean jump latencies (i.e., hyperalgesic effect). Mu receptor antagonism attenuated this morphine-induced hyperalgesic effect. Kappa receptor antagonism attenuated morphine-induced hyperalgesia only at the highest morphine dose (i.e., 5.0 mg/kg) and delta receptor antagonism failed to attenuate morphine-induced hyperalgesia. These results suggest that morphine-induced hyperalgesia, like morphine-induced analgesia, is mediated primarily by mu receptor activation.
A Note on Feasible Flows in Lower-Bounded Multicommodity Networks

This note considers the feasibility for two types of multicommodity flow problems: maximal flow problems with both upper and lower arc capacities, and capacitated minimal cost trans-shipment problems. Although closed form conditions analogous to those known for single commodity problems cannot be derived, it is shown that feasibility is equivalent to finding a maximal multicommodity flow of a specified value on a related network with zero lower bounds, a direct extension of well-known results for single commodity networks.
Toward an Integration of Gay and Lesbian Identity Development and Super's Life-Span Approach

Abstract The purpose of this article is to consider how the identity development of gay men and lesbian women influences their career stage development, as proposed in Super's (1990) Life-Span Approach. First, there is an overview of a model that describes six stages in coming to accept a gay or lesbian orientation. Next, Super's Life-Span Approach to career development and its key concepts are briefly described. Within that section, there is discussion of the implications of gay and lesbian identity formation for the various stages and tasks in the career development of gay and lesbian individuals. Finally, implications for career counseling practice and future research are discussed.
Demonstration of all-or-none loss of imprinting in mRNA expression in single cells

Loss of imprinting (LOI) is the reactivation of the silenced allele of an imprinted gene, leading to perturbation of monoallelic expression. We tested the hypothesis that LOI of PLAGL1, a representative maternally imprinted gene, occurs through an all-or-none process leading to a mixture of fully imprinted and nonimprinted cells. Herein using a quantitative RT-PCR-based experimental approach, we measured LOI at the single cell level in human trophoblasts and demonstrated a broad distribution of LOI among cells exhibiting LOI, with the mean centered at approximately 100% LOI. There was a significant (P < 0.01) increase in expression after 2 days of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (AZA) treatment and a significant (P < 0.01) increase in LOI after both 1 and 2 days of AZA treatment, while the distribution remained broad and centered at approximately 100% LOI. We propose a transcriptional pulsing model to show that the broadness of the distribution reflects the stochastic nature of expression between the two alleles in each cell. The mean of the distribution of LOI in the cells is consistent with our hypothesis that LOI occurs by an all-or-none process. All-or-none LOI could lead to a second distinct cell population that may have a selective advantage, leading to variation of LOI in normal tissues, such as the placenta, or in neoplastic cells.
The Effect of Temperature and Excitation on the Single- and Two-Photon Excited Emission Spectrum of Curium in a Glass Matrix

Abstract Single and two-photon excited emission has been observed from a curiumdoped borosilicate glass matrix at both room and liquid nitrogen temperatures. The emission spectrum was measured using several different excitation energies and intensities. In addition to the expected line narrowing, variations in the ratios of emission intensities between states, and between crystal field levels within the each state were observed with cooling. Slight variations in the emission spectrum also arose as a function of the excitation intensity. These variations in the Cm ion's emission spectrum as a function of experimental parameters are presented and discussed.
Selective criteria for transfer to community hospital inpatient mental health services

To reduce census and downsize operations, state inpatient care is being relocated to community hospitals. Planners must consider current selection processes to effect system redesign. This research examined a collaborative admission process from a state provider to community hospitals. Consumers with involved family/significant others were likely to be transferred. Those exhibiting suicidal behavior and males with assaultive behavior were unlikely to be transferred. It is suggested that cross sector specialization is a practical strategy for redesign and that community hospitals may require enhancements to function as sole core providers for the SMI population.
Twice Penalized: Employment Discrimination Against Women with Disabilities

This article examines wage discrimination during the initial stages of employment using panel data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation. Women with disabilities are twice disadvantag...
The Influence of a Plane Boundary on the Thermophoretic Force in the Knudsen Regime

Abstract The effect of a plane diffusely reflecting wall on the thermophoretic force acting on a particle in the Knudsen regime is investigated. A general expression for the force on a particle in a nonuniform gas is given and then the velocity distribution function for the temperature jump problem is inserted. This results in an expression for the thermophoretic force that is a function of the distance of the particle from the wall. At large distances from the wall, the classic results of Waldmann and Schmitt are obtained, but near the wall there is a small reduction of about 1% in this value. The wall correction is independent of the gas-particle interaction, at least for specular, diffuse, Lambert, and backward scattering. The temperature jump problem has been solved using a collision cross section that is independent of velocity. This model, with diffuse reflection at the wall, predicts that the effect of the wall on the thermophoretic force becomes negligible at distances greater than a few mean free paths from the surface.
Microstrip transmission line for soil moisture measurement

Pavement life span is often affected by the amount of voids in the base and subgrade soils, especially moisture content in pavement. Most available moisture sensors are based on the capacitive sensing using planar blades. Since the planar sensor blades are fabricated on the same surface to reduce the overall size of the sensor, such structure cannot provide very high accuracy for moisture content measurement. As a consequence, a typical capacitive moisture sensor has an error in the range of 30%. A more accurate measurement is based on the time domain refelctometer (TDR) measurement. However, typical TDR system is fairly expensive equipment, very large in size, and difficult to operate, the moisture content measurement is limited. In this paper, a novel microstrip transmission line based moisture sensor is presented. This sensor uses the phase shift measurement of RF signal going through a transmission line buried in the soil to be measured. Since the amplitude of the transmission measurement is a strong function of the conductivity (loss of the media) and the imaginary part of dielectric constant, and the phase is mainly a strong function of the real part of the dielectric constant, measuring phase shift in transmission mode can directly obtain the soil moisture information. This sensor was designed and implemented. Sensor networking was devised. Both lab and field data show that this sensor is sensitive and accurate.
An approach for optimizing multiresponse simulation models

Abstract This paper describes a new procedure for optimizing multi-response simulation models. This method is based on the gradient projection technique and the use of a value function.
Social Constructionism and the Pragmatic Standard

It has become increasingly evident that traditional positivistic explanations are not adequate for the explanation of human behavior. Alternative explanations have arisen in recent years in response to dissatisfaction with traditional models. Social constructionism is one prominent alternative. The appropriateness of constructionism as a model for psychology has yet to be sufficiently evaluated. The objective of this paper is to propose one criterion by which explanation models in psychology might be meaningfully evaluated. This criterion is the pragmatic standard, by which a model is evaluated in terms of its potential to allow psychology to be useful to society at large. It is argued that one component of usefulness may be entailed in the model's capacity for generativity in psychology. The concept of generativity is explored and social constructionism is evaluated according to this criterion.
Morphological and biochemical observations on the catecholamine-storing vesicles of rat adrenomedullary cells during insulin-induced hypoglycemia

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate a structure – function relationship between the release of catecholamines and the depletion of catecholamine-storing vesicles from cells of the adrenal medulla. The approach taken here is a comparative study of storage vesicle morphology and population, as determined electron microscopically, and of catecholamine concentration, as determined fluorometrically, in adrenomedullary cells at various times during the extrusion phase of the secretory process. To achieve an increased rate of catecholamine release from the gland, animals were made hypoglycemic by the administration of insulin. At one-hour intervals following this injection and just prior to sacrifice, the severity of the imposed hypoglycemic state was determined from analysis of the blood serum glucose level. The fine structure alterations in adrenomedullary cells of one gland were then compared with the change in catecholamine content of the contralateral gland. The decline in blood serum glucose following insulin administration resulted in a decrease in both the adrenaline-stroing vesicle population and adrenaline content of the gland.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia with central nervous system involvement: a high-risk disease?

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common adult leukemia, but neurologic complications arising from direct leukemic involvement of the nervous system are reported in only 1% of patients with CLL.1,2 Here we describe a patient with untreated CLL who presented with leptomeningeal and intraorbital disease. The patient underwent standard chemotherapy and had a complete response to treatment with near-complete resolution of her neurologic symptoms. Although no standard protocol exists for CLL with central nervous system (CNS) involvement, the present case demonstrates that such presentation of CLL can be successfully treated with standard chemoimmunotherapy.
Population trends of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) with respect to remote sensing measures of chlorophyll-a in critical habitat

The recovery plan for Steller sea lions (SSL; Eumetopias jubatus) suggests critical habitat should be enhanced to incorporate the spatio-temporal variation in dynamic oceanographic features that influence the prey and survival of SSL. It is necessary, therefore, to determine which features affect SSL. Demographics for sub-regions of the endangered, western stock of SSL were examined with respect to corresponding average, maximum, and variance of chlorophyll-a data (SeaWIFS), a proxy for primary productivity. Overall, SSL trends (2000–2008) and pup productivity (1999–2009) were related to maximum values of chl-a in critical habitat. Additionally, conditions in critical habitat appeared worse in areas of decline (i.e., dispersed patterns of chl-a hotspots and greater distances from SSL sites to productive areas). Although there may be a low feasibility of mitigating the effects of dynamic features on the recovery of SSL, the interactive effects of primary productivity and other stressors should be investigated for safeguarding their prey.
The Hall-Mills Murder Case: The Most Fascinating Unsolved Homicide in America

he jacket blurb on William Kunstler's recently reissued book on the Hall-Mills case dubs it "the most fascinating unsolved homicide in the annals of American crime."1 For once, such promotional hype is not hyperbole, although I admit to some prejudice in this view which I will explain in a moment. There was national, even international sensation in September 1922, when the bodies of an Episcopalian rector and of a choir singer from his church in New Brunswick were discovered under a crab apple tree off a well-known lovers' lane just outside town. The pair had been missing for two nights and a day when a young working-class couple stumbled across the grisly tableau which had been staged by the murderer or murderers. Edward Wheeler Hall and Eleanor Reinhardt Mills lay on their backs, side by side, she with a scarf draped over her neck and her head resting on the minister's outstretched arm, he with his glasses resting on his nose and his face partly covered by a Panama hat. Effusive and incriminating love letters from Mrs. Mills to the Reverend M r . Hall were strewn about the bodies; and the minister's calling card with his name printed in gothic letters was carefully propped up against his lifeless foot. The forty-one-year-old minister had been shot once in the head; and the thirty-four-year-old soprano had three bullets in her skull. The woman's throat, moreover, had been slashed with such violence that the head was nearly severed. To this day, local residents still regale newcomers to New Brunswick with rumors that the victims' bodies were also sexually mutilated; there is no credible supporting evidence for such claims.
Evaluation of a fast response pressure solver for flow around an isolated cube

This work describes and evaluates a pressure solver that has been incorporated into a fast response three-dimensional building-resolving diagnostic wind modeling system. The solver computes the three-dimensional pressure field around buildings and on exterior walls in terms of a coefficient of pressure by solving a simplified pressure Poisson equation (that neglects turbulence stresses in the Navier-Stokes) for incompressible flow. The input to the solver is the three-dimensional mean wind field obtained from a fast response empirical-diagnostic urban wind model. The present study is an evaluation of the pressure solver using wind-tunnel data for flow normal to and at a 45° angle to an isolated cubical building. Results for the normal incident wind angle case indicate that the model satisfactorily reproduces the general spatial patterns and the magnitude of the pressure difference around much of the cube. Details of the flow field that are not satisfactorily predicted include the spatial distribution of pressure on the roof and the lower half of the front side of the building and the magnitude along the sidewalls where pressures are over predicted. The results for the 45° case show reasonable agreement between the model and experiments on the front and the back walls, but over predict pressures on the leading edge of the rooftop. Regions with poor pressure predictions appear to be a result of unsatisfactory mean wind modeling.