cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The physiological ecology of gonotrophic dissociation and related phenomena in mosquitoes.

The term “gonotrophic dissociation” was originally used to denote the cessation in egg production despite the continued taking of blood meals by overwintering adult anopheline females in a temperate area. A given species may exhibit this phenomenon in some geographical areas, but not in others. In areas where a population displays dissociation, the proportion of blood-engorged females that exhibit this phenomenon may be high. Gonotrophic dissociation is interpreted as an expression of facultative diapause usually induced by short day-length. This paper is intended to review in detail selected papers dealing with the subject of gonotrophic dissociation and related phenomena, make new interpretations based on the most recent studies of reproductive physiology, and finally, to integrate these interpretations and/or conclusions into our present knowledge concerning the physiological ecology of mosquitoes from a more contemporary viewpoint.
Jealousy: A Solvable Problem

(1976). Jealousy: A Solvable Problem. Journal of Sex Education and Therapy: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 39-42.
Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Fumigating-washing and Enema Combined with Western Medicine in Treating Hand-foot-mouth Disease

Objective: To observe the curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine for fumigating-washing and enema combined with western medicine in treating hand-foot-mouth disease. Method: Two hundred and sixty patients with a clear diagnosis of hand-food-mouth disease were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group according to their ages by a random number table of 130 patients each. The patients in the control group received ribavirin intravenous drip( 10 mg·kg-1) once daily and antibiotics when needed. On the basis of the control group,the patients in the observation group began to receive traditional Chinese medicine prescription of fumigating-washing treatment twice daily and enema treatment once daily within the first 24 hours of admission. The clinical efficacy,adverse reaction and complications of the two groups were observed. Result: The total effective rate in the observation group was 94. 62%,which was obviously higher than 85. 38% of the control group with statistically significant difference( P 0. 05). The antifebrile time,erythra regression time and hospital stays in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group with statistically significant difference( P 0. 05). Incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 4. 62%,which was lower than 11. 54%in the control group with statistically significant difference( P 0. 05). Conclusion: Chinese medicine for fumigating-washing and enema combined with western medicine therapy is easy to accept and good adherence.Moreover,it has good absorption,short treatment course and takes effect quickly in treating hand-foot-mouth disease of children. It is worthy of clinical popularization and application.
Social Transformation in the Middle East and the Kurdish Issue

In the process of social transition in the Middle East after the"Arab Spring",Kurds in the Middle East also launched a so-called"Kurds Spring"to continue struggling for their national rights and autonomy. There are significant differences among political and social status of Kurds in Iraq,Turkey,Iran and Syria due to the historical and current causes,but they all want to gain more reliable citizenship,minority rights and higher level of autonomy with the current ongoing social transition in the Middle East. However,the threats from the"Islamic State",the contradiction between Kurds and the dominant ethnic groups,and the different levels of repression to Kurds demand for na-tional rights from their home countries indicate that Kurds struggling for their national rights has to experience a long process in the social transition of the Middle East.
Simvastatin Hydroxy Acid Fails to Attain Sufficient Central Nervous System Tumor Exposure to Achieve a Cytotoxic Effect: Results of a Preclinical Cerebral Microdialysis Study

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors were potent hits against a mouse ependymoma cell line, but their effectiveness against central nervous system tumors will depend on their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and attain a sufficient exposure at the tumor. Among 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A inhibitors that had activity in vitro, we prioritized simvastatin (SV) as the lead compound for preclinical pharmacokinetic studies based on its potential for central nervous system penetration as determined from in silico models. Furthermore, we performed systemic plasma disposition and cerebral microdialysis studies of SV (100 mg/kg, p.o.) in a murine model of ependymoma to characterize plasma and tumor extracellular fluid (tECF) pharmacokinetic properties. The murine dosage of SV (100 mg/kg, p.o.) was equivalent to the maximum tolerated dose in patients (7.5 mg/kg, p.o.) based on equivalent plasma exposure of simvastatin acid (SVA) between the two species. SV is rapidly metabolized in murine plasma with 15 times lower exposure compared with human plasma. SVA exposure in tECF was <33.8 ± 11.9 µg/l per hour, whereas the tumor to plasma partition coefficient of SVA was <0.084 ± 0.008. Compared with in vitro washout IC50 values, we did not achieve sufficient exposure of SVA in tECF to suggest tumor growth inhibition; therefore, SV was not carried forward in subsequent preclinical efficacy studies.
Observations on the Density Dependence of Dielectric Properties of Particulate Materials

AbstractBased on information in the published literature, the analysis reported herein indicates that linear relationships can be expected between functions of the dielectric properties of particulate materials and their densities. The linearity of the square root of the dielectric constant of the air-particle mixture with mixture density and the linearity of the cube root with density are consistent with published mixture formulae that imply the additivity of the volume-weighted square roots and cube roots, respectively, of the dielectric constants of the constituents of the mixture. Although both relationships should be valid for most practical applications, the cubic relationship predicted the dielectric constants of pulverized coal, whole-wheat flour, and whole-kernel wheat more accurately than did the quadratic relationship. Accuracy of the predictions decreased with increasing particle size. A linear relationship was also demonstrated between √ϵ″r + e and density, where √″r represents the dielectric...
Hair: Body and Facial

Ranging from smooth to hirsute, the appearance of hair on the face and body is a considerable issue for women and men across cultures since the beginning of recorded history. Though hair’s source is thought to be biological in nature and related to hormones, it is the social nature of hair, and its appearance, that elicits some of the very strongest human emotions from attraction to disgust. This article reviews the appearance of hair on the face and body along with efforts by both genders to depilate unwanted hair at a variety of body sites.
Mastalgia: Imaging Work-up Appropriateness.

Rationale and Objectives Radiologists frequently image women with the sole complaint of mastalgia (breast pain). We hypothesized that whereas the vast majority of women ultimately have no imaging explanation for their breast pain, a small percentage of patients may have a correlative imaging finding and confirm the current American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria recommendations. Materials and Methods In this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-compliant, institutional review board-approved retrospective review, we evaluated 236 women between the ages of 18 and 83 years who presented to our Breast Care Center in 2013 with the sole complaint of breast pain or tenderness. Patients' clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging work-up, and clinical and radiographic follow-up were documented. Outcomes of the diagnostic work-up were compared with the American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria recommendations. Results Of the 236 patients, 10 women had cyclical breast pain, 116 had noncyclical, nonfocal breast pain, and 110 had noncyclical, focal breast pain. No imaging correlates were discovered to explain the etiology of cyclical pain, supporting the American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria rating values. A definitive imaging correlate for breast pain was identified in seven women (3%) with noncyclical, focal pain, one of which was a cancer diagnosis (0.4%), which correlates with the American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria ratings. No imaging correlates were found in women with noncyclical, nonfocal pain, supporting the American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria ratings. Conclusion There was no radiological imaging finding to explain the etiology of mastalgia in most women. Diagnostic imaging may be an appropriate diagnostic evaluation in patients with noncyclical, focal breast pain, supporting the American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria recommendations.
Student Debt Spans Generations: Characteristics of Parents Who Borrow to Pay for Their Children's College Education.

Objectives Discussions of student debt often overlook the debt parents take on to pay for their children's education. We identify characteristics of parents with child-related educational debt among the late baby boom cohort. Method Data come from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, a nationally representative sample of individuals born between 1957 and 1964. We restrict our sample to parents who had any children aged ≥17 and answered questions on educational debt during midlife (n = 6,562). Craggit models estimated (a) having any child-related educational debt and (b) the amount of debt owed among debtors. Results Black parents and parents with more education, higher income, and higher net worth were more likely to report child-related educational debt than White parents and parents with no degree, low-income, or negative net worth. Among debtors, high-income parents had more debt than low-income parents. Discussion Our findings suggest concerns about the student debt crisis should extend to aging parents.
3D system package architecture as alternative to 3D stacking of ICs with TSV at system level

The 3D packaging started in 1970s for packaging of memory packages. Memory density has always been the bottleneck in high performance computing systems that led to two paths; increasing memory density within a chip in 2D and increasing by stacking many either packaged or bare chips in 3D. The barrier to systems performance, however, has been latency and bandwidth between logic and memory. 3D stacking of logic and memory has been viewed as the ultimate solution for a decade but it has its own barriers. While these barrier are being overcome by many approaches, the ultimate goal is to form miniaturized systems with highest performance and reliability at lowest cost. This paper presents a 3D system package architecture to address both bandwidth and other system requirements at system level in contrast to 3D ICs at device level.
QTc prolongation with energy drinks comparable to moxifloxacin

Abstract Energy drinks have been linked to an increase in emergency room visits and death. Several studies have evaluated the QT/correct QT (QTc) interval changes post high volume energy drink consumption but report discordant data. We report a case of a 26 year old healthy female who voluntarily consumed 400 mg of moxifloxacin with 32 oz of a control drink (active-control), 32 oz of a caffeinated energy drink, 32 oz of a control drink (placebo-control) on 3 separate days. A standard 12‑lead electrocardiogram (ECG) was performed at approximately the same time of day on 3 separate occasions at baseline, 1, 2, 4 and 6 h post-consumption. The maximum post-dosing QTc in the moxifloxacin (QTc = 438), and 32 oz energy drink (QTc = 441) were higher than the placebo (QTc = 428). These results need to be replicated in larger studies using robust methodologies before considering labelling or public health implications.
Biologically-Inspired Deceptive Behavior for a Robot

A common behavior in animals or human beings is deception. We focus on deceptive behavior in robotics because the appropriate use of deception is beneficial in several domains ranging from the military to a more everyday context. In this research, novel algorithms are developed for the deceptive behavior of a robot, inspired by the observed deceptive behavior of squirrels for cache protection strategies, evaluating the results via simulation studies.
Dark-rearing the rd10 mouse: implications for therapy.

The moderate rate of retinal degeneration in the rd10(PDE6β rd10 ) mouse makes it a valuable model for therapeutic studies in autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. The peak period of photoreceptor apoptosis occurs between P18 and P25; however, this degeneration can be delayed if the animal is dark-reared from birth. In this study, we find that dark-rearing (DR) slows the course of degeneration more significantly than previously reported, with a long-term preservation of both retinal structure and function in the first 3 months of life. Further investigation of this protective effect may offer insights into disease management in patients.
Economic Impacts of Potential Foot and Mouth Disease Agro-terrorism in the United States: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis

The foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus has high agro-terrorism potential because it is contagious, can be easily transmitted via inanimate objects and can be spread by wind. An outbreak of FMD in developed countries results in massive slaughtering of animals (for disease control) and disruptions in meat supply chains and trade, with potentially large economic losses. Although the United States has been FMD-free since 1929, the potential of FMD as a deliberate terrorist weapon calls for estimates of the physical and economic damage that could result from an outbreak. This paper estimates the economic impacts of three alternative scenarios of potential FMD attacks using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the US economy. The three scenarios range from a small outbreak successfully contained within a state to a large multi-state attack resulting in slaughtering of 30 percent of the national livestock. Overall, the value of total output losses in our simulations range between $37 billion (0.15% of 2006 baseline economic output) and $228 billion (0.92%). Major impacts stem from the supply constraint on livestock due to massive animal slaughtering. As expected, the economic losses are heavily concentrated in agriculture and food manufacturing sectors, with losses ranging from $23more » billion to $61 billion in the two industries.« less
Pellagra in the United States: a historical perspective.

ABSTRACT:Pellagra was in existence for nearly two centuries in Europe before being recognized in the United States, where it was first reported in 1902. Over the next two decades, pellagra occurred in epidemic proportions in the American South. Poverty and consumption of corn were the most frequentl
Multiple Valve Replacement

A review of the current status and past history of multiple valve surgery is presented in this article. Multiple cardiac valve surgery can be done with an acceptable early mortality and dramatic symptomatic improvement in the majority of patients. It is recommended that patients with multiple valvular heart disease be evaluated and operated on prior to reaching advanced stages of congestive heart failure in order to optimize results.
Three-Dimensional Morphometric Modeling Measurements of the Calcaneus in Adults with Stage IIB Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction: A Pilot Study:

Background: The pathophysiology of adult-acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) is not fully explained by degeneration of the posterior tibial tendon alone. While a shortened or dysplastic lateral column has been implicated in flatfoot deformity in pediatrics, there is no study that has quantified the degree of dysplasia in adults with a stage IIb flatfoot deformity, or if any exists at all. Methods: An institutional radiology database was queried for patients with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) who had computed tomography (CT) performed. Controls were patients receiving CT scan for an intra-articular distal tibia fracture without preexisting foot or calcaneal pathology. Clinical notes, physical examination, and weightbearing radiographs were used to find patients that met clinical criteria for stage IIb PTTD. Morphometric measurements of the calcanei were performed involving the length of the calcaneal axis (LCA), height of the anterior process (HAP), and length of the anterior process (LAP). All measurements were performed independently by separate observers, with observers blinded to group assignment. We considered a difference of ±4 mm as our threshold. Results: 7 patients and 7 controls were available for reconstruction and analysis. On average, the LCA was 3.1 mm shorter in patients with stage IIb PTTD compared with controls (P < .05). The LAP was shorter in PTTD patients compared with controls 3.4 mm (P < .001). Conclusions: Our results support the hypothesis that the calcaneus of adult patients with stage IIb AAFD is dysplastic when compared with healthy controls, which further supports the utility of lateral column lengthening. Levels of Evidence: Level III: Case-control study.
Gerechtigkeit für eine Theorie

Der Ausdruck „gerechter Frieden“ hat einen kaum verdeckten polemischen Kern. Er soll namlich einen grundsatzlichen Wendepunkt protestantischer Friedensethik markieren. Habe der friedensethische Diskurs sich bisher am Leitbild des gerechten Krieges orientiert, so musse jetzt diese Fixierung uberwunden werden zugunsten des Leitbilds „gerechter Frieden“, also der Herstellung und Erhaltung nachhaltig friedlicher, durch Gerechtigkeit stabilisierter inner- und zwischenstaatlicher Lebensverhaltnisse.
Stories of the sanguine

In nine chapters, corresponding to the roughly nine pints of blood each adult person is circulating at any given time, Rose George explores blood donation and transfusion; leeches; the organization of transfusion services in England; HIV and other bloodborne diseases; plasma as fluid and as a major industry; menstruation, menstruation technologies, and menstrual taboos; trauma surgery and the physiology of hemorrhage; and the future of blood, including the ongoing search for artificial blood.
Order in one dimension

A crystal structure with one-dimensional order is identified in oxide ceramics, which is distinguished from the well-known categories of solid structures and potentially provides unexpected properties.
Differencing Methods for 3D Positioning of Spacecraft

In this paper we describe the methods and system concepts that detect and locate in real-time the active (cooperative) and passive (non-cooperative) spacecraft, which we call targets, at the Geostationary Orbit (GEO) and at lunar distances. The methods do not assume any orbital knowledge of the target spacecraft, thus can be used for both quiescent and maneuvering spacecraft. We show by simulations that this approach can achieve meter-level three-dimension (3D) positioning accuracy with reasonable time delay measurement accuracy.The methods leverage on existing satellites and natural features (lunar case) with accurately known positions that can act as references, and/or in the case of the GEO places a dedicated "reference" spacecraft into an eccentric geosynchronous orbit over a region of interest (e.g., sky above North America). The ground antennas track the signals transmitted or reflected by the target and the reference spacecraft to measure their signals’ time difference of arrival (TDOA). There are two modes of operations:"Single-differencing" – this approach assumes a transmitting radar illuminating both the reference and an uncooperative spacecraft (the target), and the ground radar antennas receiving the radar echoes to derive the relative position between the reference and the target.Double-differencing – this approach applies to the scenarios when either a) the target and/or the reference spacecraft with difference clocks transmitting one-way ranging signals to the ground, or b) multiple uplink radars are used to illuminate the reference and the target.We outline the mathematical derivations of the above schemes, and provide the accuracy performance simulations for some realistic and hypothetical scenarios. We also discuss some other applications.
Effect of thyrotropin‐releasing hormone stimulation testing on the oral sugar test in horses when performed as a combined protocol

Background: The use of parallel dynamic tests to identify insulin dysregulation (ID) and pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) in horses could have better diagnostic utility than measuring baseline hormone concentrations, if the tests do not alter diagnostic interpretation of one another. Hypothesis: Performing a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test before an oral sugar test (OST) would not affect results of OST. Animals: Twenty-six healthy university-owned horses. Methods: A prospective randomized placebo-controlled, crossover design was used to evaluate 3 OST protocols: OST alone, TRH followed by OST (TRH + OST), and placebo followed by OST (placebo + OST). Agreement for plasma insulin concentrations and diagnostic interpretation were assessed with Bland-Altman and logistic regression analyses, respectively. Results: Bland-Altman analysis of TRH + OST versus OST alone showed good agreement between testing protocols, with bias ± SD for insulin concentrations at baseline 0.4 ± 4.7 μIU/mL (95% limits of agreement [LOA], -8.8 to 9.7), 60 minute -0.5 ± 22.6 μIU/mL (95% LOA, -44.7 to 43.8), and 90 minute 1.9 ± 20.6 μIU/mL (95% LOA, -38.5 to 42.4) after OST, similar to placebo + OST versus OST alone. Diagnostic interpretation (positive/negative) was not different between protocols (TRH + OST versus OST alone [P = .78], placebo + OST versus OST alone [P = .77], or TRH + OST versus placebo + OST [P = .57]). Conclusions and clinical importance: Concurrent testing for PPID and ID with a TRH stimulation test before an OST is an acceptable diagnostic tool for investigation of endocrinopathies in horses and allows accurate testing to be performed efficiently in 1 visit.
Applying the patch-matrix model to lakes: a connectivity-based conservation framework

Biodiversity conservation for terrestrial species often emphasizes land protection to help maintain connectivity among habitat patches. However, conservation of aquatic and semi-aquatic species is challenging because aquatic species (e.g., fish) move among lakes using aquatic connections (e.g., streams, wetlands), whereas semi-aquatic species (e.g., amphibians) use both aquatic connections and upland habitats. We applied the patch-matrix model to create an aquatic and semi-aquatic connectivity framework for lakes. We applied our framework using lakes in Michigan, USA to examine (1) the relationship between aquatic and semi-aquatic connectivity for lakes and (2) the extent to which protected areas encompass aquatic and semi-aquatic connectivity among lakes. We used principal component analysis to calculate aquatic and semi-aquatic connectivity scores for lakes. We then examined relationships among aquatic and semi-aquatic connectivity scores and existing protected areas (strict and multi-use). Fewer than 3% of lakes had high scores for either aquatic or semi-aquatic connectivity. Connectivity scores were generally higher in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, which is heavily forested with greater land protection. Although lake protection was overall low (16 and 32% of lake watersheds in Michigan were ≥ 10% protected under strict and multi-use protection, respectively), highly connected lakes were generally more protected than less connected lakes. We propose using our aquatic and semi-aquatic connectivity framework to (1) identify and prioritize lakes for conservation that are likely to have high biodiversity and conservation value and (2) generate testable hypotheses for studying the integrated terrestrial-aquatic landscape under global change.
Scaling between macro‐ to microscale climatic data reveals strong phylogenetic inertia in niche evolution in plethodontid salamanders

Macroclimatic niches are indirect and potentially inadequate predictors of the realized environmental conditions that many species experience. Consequently, analyses of niche evolution based on macroclimatic data alone may incompletely represent the evolutionary dynamics of species niches. Yet, understanding how an organisms' climatic (Grinnellian) niche responds to changing macroclimatic conditions is of vital importance for predicting their potential response to global change. In this study, we integrate microclimatic and macroclimatic data across 26 species of plethodontid salamanders to portray the relationship between microclimatic niche evolution in response to changing macroclimate. We demonstrate stronger phylogenetic signal in microclimatic niche variables than at the macroclimatic scale. Even so, we find that the microclimatic niche tracks climatic changes at the macroscale, but with a phylogenetic lag at million-year timescales. We hypothesize that behavioral tracking of the microclimatic niche over space and phenology generates the lag: salamanders preferentially select microclimates similar to their ancestral conditions rather than adapting with changes in physiology. We demonstrate that macroclimatic variables are weak predictors of niche evolution and that incorporating spatial scale into analyses of niche evolution is critical for predicting responses to climate change.
Use of Impella 5.0 with Axillary Approach as a Bridge to Decision in Advanced Decompensated Heart Failure

Purpose Cardiogenic shock is a spectrum and short term mechanical circulatory support devices such as VA ECMO and Impella 5.0 have been increasingly utilized as a salvage and bridge therapy. The objective of this study is to evaluate the use of these temporary support devices in patients with refractory cardiogenic shock. Methods Retrospective review of all patients with an Impella 5.0 or EC-Pella between January 2018 to September 2019. Results A total of 39 patients were placed on Impella 5.0 and 17 of those received EC-Pella. Overall, patients were predominantly INTERMACS profile 1 (43%) or 2 (57%). Average age was 57 and length of stay was 28 days. Common indications included progressive decline on inotropic support, as an exit to wean from VA ECMO, and to evaluate right sided heart function to bridge to a durable LVAD. Overall survival of these patients is 74% (n= 29). Of the 39 Impella patients, 46% (n= 18) received a durable LVAD, 15% (n= 6) received OHT, 21% (n= 8) were a bridge to recovery, and 18% (n= 7) expired. The survival to discharge for patients with an LVAD was 84% (n=15), 100% for OHT (n= 6). Of the 10 total patients that expired, 3 patients died of RV failure post LVAD, and 7 died from lack of end-organ recovery..The survival to discharge rate was 90% for Impella patients that never required ECMO support during their admission. Alternatively, in the EC-Pella population, the survival to discharge was 53%. Conclusion Axillary Impella 5.0 approach can be successfully used with excellent survival to discharge. With concomitant VA ECMO use the survival rate decreases, however, the patients were more acute with higher incidence of cardiac arrest, post cardiotomy shock, and increasing utilization of hemodialysis. This data needs to be validated prospectively through further data collection.
The impact of gamification in educational settings on student learning outcomes: a meta-analysis

Gamification research in educational settings has produced mixed results on student learning outcomes. Educational researchers and practitioners both struggle with identifying when, where, and how to use gamification design concepts. The present study provides findings from a meta-analysis that integrated the empirical, quantitative research on gamification in formal educational settings on student learning outcomes. This was achieved by examining the overall effect size, identifying which gamification design elements (e.g., badges) were used, and determining under what circumstances (e.g., engineering education) gamification works. The final corpus of data included 30 independent studies and associated effect sizes comparing gamification to non-gamification conditions while accounting for N = 3083 participants. The overall effect size using a random-effects model is g = .464 [.244 to .684] in favor of the gamification condition, which is a small to medium effect size. We examined 14 different gamification design elements (e.g., leaderboards) and showed that each leads to different effects on student learning outcomes. Further, the type of publication (e.g., journal article), student classification (e.g., undergraduate), and subject area (e.g., mathematics) are also investigated as moderators. We provide a discussion of our findings, some recommendations for future research, and some brief closing remarks.
Sources of prescription opioids and tranquilizers for misuse among U.S. young adults: differences between high school dropouts and graduates and associations with adverse outcomes

Prior research has identified that sources of prescription drugs for misuse vary based on educational attainment, which is important as certain sources are associated with adverse outcomes. The cur...
Incremental Few-Shot Meta-learning via Indirect Discriminant Alignment.

We propose a method to train a model so it can learn new classification tasks while improving with each task solved. This amounts to combining meta-learning with incremental learning. Different tasks can have disjoint classes, so one cannot directly align different classifiers as done in model distillation. On the other hand, simply aligning features shared by all classes does not allow the base model sufficient flexibility to evolve to solve new tasks. We therefore indirectly align features relative to a minimal set of “anchor classes”. Such indirect discriminant alignment (IDA) adapts a new model to old classes without the need to re-process old data, while leaving maximum flexibility for the model to adapt to new tasks. This process enables incrementally improving the model by processing multiple learning episodes, each representing a different learning task, even with few training examples. Experiments on few-shot learning benchmarks show that this incremental approach performs favorably compared to training the model with the entire dataset at once.
D-SOAP: Dynamic Spatial Orientation Affinity Prediction for Caching in Multi-Orientation Memory Systems

Previous works have shown the possibility of constructing row-column and multi-stride memory systems that can exploit simultaneously dense access along multiple logical data orientations to offer more than 3x speedups on some workloads. However, existing multi-orientation memory (MOM) and MOM-caching approaches presume that the orientation preference of a memory request is statically determinable and rely on both ISA and compiler changes to express and extract these preferences for performance gains. Thus, current MOM-caching approaches cannot readily provide benefits in the presence of dynamism with respect to data layout, data-dependent code behavior, or access ordering. Accurate orientation prediction will allow MOMs to benefit a larger range of workloads.In this paper, we describe the sources of orientation preference dynamism and show that the sensitivity of orientation prediction to cache line utilization, as well as to access pattern, differentiates it from stride prediction. We introduce a hardware-managed utilization-focused orientation predictor, D-SOAP, and compare it with a set variants (D-SOAP-*) that make use of utilization, local stride analysis, and prefetcher feedback as sources of information, both in isolation and in combination, to predict orientation preference and evaluate the impact of each information source. We evaluate the D-SOAP mechanisms on workloads with both dynamic, data-value-dependent (DVD) and statically identifiable data-value-independent (DVI) orientation preferences. We demonstrate that the D-SOAP variants using utilization information 1) track the performance of the preferred orientation within 2%, on average, and 18%, at worst, across microbenchmarks sweeping data distributions for DVD patterns, avoiding the up to 267% slowdown seen with misaligned static preferences; 2) provide competitive (4% speedup, on average) performance, compared to prior static annotation approaches relying on a priori data profiling, in DVD scenarios; 3) closely track static annotations for DVI scenarios that lack any exploitable dynamism (1.8% speedup, on average).
Formation of transient high-β plasmas in a magnetized, weakly collisional regime

We present experimental data providing evidence for the formation of transient ( plasma physics; processes relevant to astrophysical objects and phenomena; and novel magnetized plasma targets for magneto-inertial fusion.
Impact of social determinants of health on a late diagnosis and survival of patients with pancreatic cancer.

e18530Background: While disparities in pancreatic cancer (PC) are documented, it is unclear whether these inequities occur at the time of diagnosis or throughout treatment. We hypothesize social de...
Mental health Project ECHO Autism: Increasing access to community mental health services for autistic individuals:

Despite the high prevalence of co-occurring autism spectrum disorders and mental health condition(s), there exist substantial barriers to mental health treatment for autistic individuals. These bar...
Assessment of subjective sleep quality and issues in aggression: Intermittent Explosive Disorder compared with psychiatric and healthy controls.

Background While prior research has linked clinical sleep issues and aggression, little is known about how clinical sleep issues among individuals with Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED), which is characterized by a pervasive pattern of impulsive aggression and associated with consequences across multiple life-domains. The present study aims to examine clinical sleep issues among individuals with IED in contrast to individuals with other psychopathology and healthy controls. Methods 257 adults, including 100 healthy controls, 85 psychiatric controls and 72 individuals with IED, took part in this study. Participants completed the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-V Diagnoses, Assessment of clinical sleep issues included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) screening, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) as well as assessments of aggression and impulsivity. Results IED study participants reported significantly worse sleep quality, increased sleep latency, greater daytime sleepiness and symptoms of OSA. Daytime sleepiness and sleep quality was correlated with impulsivity and aggression. Conclusions This study suggests that individuals with IED have clinically relevant sleep anomalies, and that these are directly associated with measures of impulsivity and aggression. Clinicians treating aggressive individuals are advised to assess and treat such individuals for sleep issues.
Assessment of domain interactions in the fourteenth round of the Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction (CASP14).

The high accuracy of some CASP14 models at the domain level prompted a more detailed evaluation of structure predictions on whole targets. For the first time in CASP, we evaluated accuracy of difficult domain assembly in models submitted for multidomain targets where the community predicted individual evaluation units with greater accuracy than full-length targets. Ten proteins with domain interactions that did not show evidence of conformational change and were not involved in significant oligomeric contacts were chosen as targets for the domain interaction assessment. Groups were ranked using complementary interaction scores (F1, QS-score and Jaccard coefficient) and their predictions were evaluated for their ability to correctly model inter-domain interfaces and overall protein folds. Target performance was broadly grouped into two clusters. The first consisted primarily of targets containing two evaluation units (EU) wherein predictors more broadly predicted domain positioning and interfacial contacts correctly. The other consisted of complex two- and three-EU targets where few predictors performed well. The highest ranked predictor, AlphaFold2, produced high-accuracy models on eight out of ten targets. Their interdomain scores on three of these targets were significantly higher than all other groups and were responsible for their overall outperformance in the category. We further highlight the performance of AlphaFold2 and the next best group, BAKER-experimental on several interesting targets. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Institutional Inequality and the Mobilization of the Family and Medical Leave Act: Rights on Leave

How do Family and Medical Leave Act rights operate in practice in the courts and in the workplace? This empirical study examines how institutions and social practices transform the meaning of these rights to recreate inequality. Workplace rules and norms built around the family wage ideal, the assumption that disability and work are mutually exclusive, and management's historical control over time all constrain opportunities for social change. Yet workers can also mobilize rights as a cultural discourse to change the social meaning of family and medical leave. Drawing on theoretical frameworks from social constructivism and new institutionalism, this study explains how institutions transform rights to recreate systems of power and inequality but at the same time also provide opportunities for law to change social structure. It provides a fresh look at the perennial debate about law and social change by examining how institutions shape the process of rights mobilization.
Synoptic Reviews of Cardiovascular Science from Different Approaches

Aristoteles details the method of studying nature, the need of which was originally argued by Socrates. Its two parts were specified, centuries later, by Descartes as mathematical and experimental. In current times the method may be viewed as consisting of a series of foci that require balanced judgment. The method used in this book is outlined.
On the need to adapt de Finetti's probability interpretation to QM

von Neumann’s reliance on the von Mises frequentist interpretation is discussed and compared with the Dutchbook approach proposed by de Finetti.
A monoamine hypothesis for the pathophysiology of paraphilic disorders

A monoamine pathophysiological hypothesis for paraphilias in males is based on the following data: (i) the monoamines norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin are involved in the appetitive dimension of male sexual behavior in laboratory animals; (ii) data gathered from studying the side effect profiles of antidepressant psychostimulant, and neuroleptic drugs in humans suggest that alteration of central monoamine neurotransmission can have substantial effects on human sexual functioning, including sexual appetite; (iii) monoamine neurotransmitters appear to modulate dimensions of human and animal psychopathology including impulsivity, anxiety, depression, compulsivity, and pro/antisocial behavior, dimensions disturbed in many paraphiliacs; (iv) pharmacological agents that ameliorate psychiatric disorders characterized by the aforementioned characteristics, especially central serotonin enhancing drugs, can ameliorate paraphilic sexual arousal and behavior.
The Structure of the Chinese Criminal Justice System: A Comparative Perspective

Though in many ways rooted in indigenous Chinese custom and political tradition, the Chinese legal system nevertheless bears the imprint of Western influence. This article uses the Chinese criminal justice system as the medium for exploring the foreign legal traditions -- particularly the civil law tradition of continental Europe and the socialist law tradition of the Soviet Union -- that have influenced the modern Chinese system of law. This Article examines six elements of the structure of the formal criminal justice system, placing special emphasis on those aspects of that system that are derived from, or analogous to, features of European or Soviet civil law. The six elements are: (1) the Organic Law of the People's Courts; (2) the Organic Law of the People's Procuracy; (3) the Code of the Criminal Law; (4) the Code of Criminal Procedure; (5) the Constitution of 1982; and (6) the opinions of the Supreme People's Court. [The article also includes English translations of these six elements.]The article argues that the major legacy bequeathed to the Chinese by the European and Soviet legal traditions is a judiciary which is neither expected, nor able, to exert significant checks or restraints on the arbitrary exercise of state power by the executive and legislative branches of government. The article also asserts that the structure of the formal criminal justice system contains many distinctively Chinese features the thrust of which is to inject flexibility into the criminal justice system so as to allow for the exercise of administrative discretion founded in and guided by political ideology.
Designing a Professional Practice Doctoral Degree in Educational Technology: Signature Pedagogies, Implications and Recommendations

In this article we outline the three dimensions of signature pedagogy guiding the design of our professional practice doctoral degree in Educational Technology. This program was developed based on our experiences with the Carnegie Initiative on the Education Doctorate and work with many students for whom the Ph.D. was not an exact match with their career goals. We also share preliminary data related to program effectiveness and provide recommendation for others interesting in designing professional practice programs. Through this work we have come to believe Educational Technology is a discipline ripe with potential to meet the needs of scholars and professional practitioners through terminal degree programs differentiated based on career goals and contexts. Resume Dans cet article, nous decrivons les trois dimensions de la didactique appliquee, dit signature pedagogy en anglais ayant guide la conception de notre programme de doctorat professionnel en technologie educative. Ce programme a ete elabore a partir de nos experiences realisees dans le cadre de la Carnegie Initiative on the Education Doctorate et du travail effectue avec de nombreux etudiants pour qui le diplome doctoral traditionnel―axe sur une carriere academique―ne correspondait pas a leurs objectifs de carriere. Nous partageons aussi des resultats preliminaires en lien avec l’efficacite des programmes et fournissons des conseils pour ceux qui s’interessent a la conception de programmes de type professionnel. Par ces travaux, nous en sommes venus a croire que la technologie educative est une discipline qui deborde de potentiel pour repondre aux besoins des chercheurs academiques et des praticiens professionnels par l’elaboration de programmes doctoraux qui se differencient selon les objectifs de carriere et les contextes.
Realistic Tolerances for Double-Tee Construction

This paper is mainly concerned with the problems of tolerance specification for precast concrete construction. Some articles have reported that constructed tolerances are much larger than those commonly specified and that tolerances recommended in published standards were unrealistic. In order to confirm the aforementioned statements, an investigation was made by directly measuring the existing variation of bearing lengths in the connections of the beams and their supports at five precast parking structures in Austin, Texas. The results of the investigation illustrate the problem of tolerance specification. A realistic tolerance standard should be established. More effort should be dedicated to measuring the variations in existing satisfactory structures to obtain more realistic data for establishing tolerance standards.
p-Mercuribenzoate as an indicator of conformation change in hemoglobin.

When deoxyhemoglobin is mixed simultaneously with carbon monoxide and p-mercuribenzoate, the reaction of the —SH groups at β93 with the mercurial lags behind the binding of carbon monoxide to the heme. Analysis of the data shows that intermediate compounds are formed which contain carbon monoxide but retain the low reactivity toward p-mercuribenzoate characteristic of deoxyhemoglobin. It is suggested that the rate of reaction with p-mercuribenzoate depends on the transition of the tetramer from the deoxy to the liganded form. Experiments with n-butyl isocyanide confirm that the rate of reaction with p-mercuribenzoate is not determined solely by the presence of ligand on the β chains, as suggested by Antonini and Brunori ((1969) J. Biol. Chem. 244, 3909).
A review of water reuse and recycling, with reference to Canadian practice and potential: 2. Applications

Common water reuse applications include agricultural and landscape irrigation with treated municipal wastewater, industrial recirculation of process waters, rainwater collection, and groundwater recharge for non-potable and indirect potable reuse. As compared to other countries worldwide, water reuse is currently practised infrequently in Canada, with the focus of most of the water reuse effort within Canada on agricultural irrigation applications. Landscape irrigation and other nonpotable urban uses are practised to some extent, but provide an opportunity for expanded application of reclaimed water. Similarly, while water recycling is practised to various degrees within specific industrial sectors, further industrial water reuse and recycling affords an opportunity to conserve large volumes of water. The Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) has supported a great deal of research into treatment and reuse of domestic greywater for non-potable uses within individual buildings, as well as some work on rainwater collection and use. Groundwater recharge and potable reuse are practised to some extent in extremely dry regions of the world, but public health concerns with respect to emerging trace contaminants may limit the spread of these reuse applications. The main issues associated with each of the above applications are reviewed, and the state of Canadian water reuse and recycling is described.
Superheroes and gods: a comparative study from Babylonia to Batman, by Don LoCicero

Don LoCicero's history of university-level comics investigation may seem staggering to readers who regard comics studies as a new subject; he began his ‘popular courses’ in the ‘early 1970s’ and in...
Metabolism of 4-N-Hydroxy-Cytidine in Escherichia coli

4-N-hydroxy-cytidine was found to substitute for uridine as a pyrimidine supplement for the growth of Escherichia coli Bu(-). Measurement of the incorporation of 4-N-hydroxy-cytidine-2-(14)C into ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid revealed that this compound was converted to cytidine or uridine before utilization. Two pathways for metabolism were considered: (i) the reduction of 4-N-hydroxy-cytidine to cytidine followed by deamination, (ii) the direct hydrolysis of hydroxylamine from 4-N-hydroxy-cytidine to yield uridine. A threefold increase in cytidine (deoxycytidine) deaminase (EC 3.5.4.5) activity, when the cells were grown on 4-N-hydroxy-cytidine, suggested the involvement of this enzyme. More direct proof was obtained by purifying the deaminase 185-fold and finding that it released hydroxylamine from 4-N-hydroxy-cytidine at one-fiftieth the rate at which ammonia was removed from cytidine. This result is consistent with the slower rate of growth of the Bu(-) cells on 4-N-hydroxy-cytidine than cytidine and suggests that the second pathway is the major route for utilization of this compound.