cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Nature of Parent Support Provided by Parent Mentors for Families With Deaf/Hard-of-Hearing Children: Voices From the Start

This study used a qualitative design to explore parent mentors' summaries of conversations with more than 1,000 individual families of deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children receiving parent-to-parent support as part of an existing family support project. Approximately 35% of the families were Spanish speaking. Five parent mentors who have DHH children provided varied support primarily via the telephone to families with DHH children, frequently birth to age 3. The nature and types of support provided were examined and resulted in an in-depth analysis of the summary notes prepared by the parent mentors. The notes were coded using a mixed-methods software application. Three topics were the most prevalent within the conversations between parent mentors and family members: hearing-related topics, early intervention, and multiple disabilities. Several differences emerged between English-speaking and Spanish-speaking families receiving support. Implications and the significance of this study are discussed.
Addressing FinFET metrology challenges in 1× node using tilt-beam critical dimension scanning electron microscope

At 1× node, a three-dimensional (3-D) FinFET process raises a number of new metrology challenges for process control, including gate height and fin height. At present, there is a metrology gap in inline in-die measurement of these parameters. To fill this metrology gap, in-column beam tilt has been implemented on Applied Materials V4i+ critical dimension scanning electron microscope for height measurement. Low-tilt (5 deg) and high-tilt (14 deg) beam angles have been calibrated to obtain the height and the sidewall angle information. Evaluation of its feasibility and production worthiness is done with applications in both gate height and fin height measurements. Transmission electron microscope correlation with an R2 equal to 0.89 and a precision of 0.81 nm have been achieved on various in-die features in a gate height application. The initial fin height measurement shows less accuracy (R2 being 0.77) and precision (1.49 nm) due to greater challenges brought by the fin profile, yet it is promising for the first attempt. Sensitivity to design of experiment offset die-to-die and in-die variations is demonstrated in both gate height and fin height. The process defect is successfully captured with inline gate height measurement. This is the first successful demonstration of inline in-die gate height measurement for a 14-nm FinFET process control.
Interstate Relations and the Sociological Imagination Revisited: From Social Distance to Territoriality*

This essay presents a conceptualization basic to the development of a global sociology. Claiming that territoriality is the successor concept to social distance, the author provides an extension of the aspects of territorialization to the entire globe. A global sociology requires a reactivation and global application of two nearly forgotten subdisciplines: sphragistics, that is, the discipline that investigates ideas and practices related to the use of seals and signet rings; and ekistics, that is, the scientific study of human settlements. Among the subconcepts that are elaborated in service to these developments are home territorialization, boundaried communication, and the territorialization of the body politic. Examples are drawn from post-cold war developments in Eastern Europe.
Carbon monoxide protects against the development of experimental necrotizing enterocolitis

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a disease of neonates that is increasing in incidence and often results in significant morbidity and mortality. Carbon monoxide (CO), a byproduct of the catabolis...
Influenza Vaccination Among College and University Students Impact on Influenzalike Illness, Health Care Use, and Impaired School Performance

Objective To assess influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenzalike illness (ILI) and ILI impact on health care use and school performance among college and university students. Design Pooled analysis of 4 consecutive cohorts for the 2002-2003 through 2005-2006 seasons. Setting Twin Cities campus of the University of Minnesota (2002-2003 through 2005-2006 seasons) and St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota (2005-2006 season). Participants Full-time students received e-mail invitations to participate in single-season cohorts. Internet-based surveys collected baseline (October) and follow-up (November-April) data. Main Exposure Influenza vaccination. Main Outcome Measure Proportion of students with ILI. Multivariable regression models assessed the effectiveness of vaccination for reducing ILI during months when influenza was circulating while controlling for confounders and after pooling data across the 4 cohorts. Results There were 2804, 2783, 3534, and 3674 participants in the 2002-2003, 2003-2004, 2004-2005, and 2005-2006 cohorts respectively, and overall, 30.2% were vaccinated. In the pooled analysis, 24.1% of students experienced at least 1 ILI during influenza seasons. Vaccination was associated with a significant reduction in the likelihood of ILI during influenza seasons (adjusted odds ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.56-0.89) but not during noninfluenza periods (adjusted odds ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.73-1.30). Vaccination was also associated with significant reductions in ILI-associated provider visits, antibiotic use, impaired school performance, and numbers of days of missed class, missed work, and illness during the influenza seasons. Conclusions Influenza vaccination was associated with substantial reductions in ILI and ILI-associated health care use and impairment of school performance. College and university students can experience substantial benefits from influenza vaccinations.
ICHD-II Criteria in Diagnosis of Pediatric Migraine

The sensitivity of the new International Classification of Headache Disorders-2nd edition (ICHD-II) criteria in the diagnosis of childhood migraine was evaluated in 260 patients, ages 18 and under, seen at 2 large pediatric headache centers, and reported from Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; The Cleveland Clinic, OH; and other centers.
Physical Therapy in Wound Care: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

Management of chronic wounds remains unsatisfactory in terms of treatment cost and time required for complete wound closure (CWC).This study aimed to calculate the healing rates, estimated cost, and time required for CWC in wounds; compare estimated wound care costs between healing and nonhealing wounds; and compare cost effectiveness between venous leg ulcer (VLU) and non-VLU.This was a retrospective cohort study performed at a physical therapy (PT) wound care clinic. Deidentified patient data in the electronic medical database from September 10, 2012 to January 23, 2015 were extracted.Among 159 included patients with wounds, 119 (74.84%) patients were healed with CWC. The included patients were treated for 109.70 ± 95.70 days, 29.71 ± 25.66 visits, and at the costs per treatment episode of $1629.65 ± 1378.82 per reimbursement rate and $2711.42 ± 2356.81 per breakeven rate. For patients with CWC (healing group), the treatment duration was 98.01 ± 76.12 days with the time for CWC as 72.45 ± 64.21 days; the cost per treatment episode was $1327.24 ± 1143.53 for reimbursement rate and $2492.58 ± 2106.88 for breakeven cost. For patients with nonhealing wounds, treatment duration was found to be longer with costs significantly higher (P < 0.01 for all). In the healing group, no differences were found between VLU and non-VLU in treatment duration (95.46 days vs. 100.88 days, P = 0.698), time for CWC (68.06 days vs. 77.38 days, P = 0.431), and cost ($2756.78 vs. 2397.84 for breakeven rate, P = 0.640) with the exception of wound dressing costs ($329.19 vs. 146.47, P = 0.001).Healing rates may be affected with patient exclusions. Costs at physicians' offices were not included.Incorporation of PT in wound care appeared to be cost effective. PT may thus be a good referral option for patients with wounds. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously and further studies are warranted.
The Influence of Electric Shock on Turkey Bleeding

Abstract TURKEYS struggle violently during slaughter unless immobilized. Stunning turkeys with an electric knife not only immobilizes them but requires only one stroke of the knife to dispatch the bird. Electric knives are now in use in some processing plants, but considerable controversy still exists concerning the influence electric shock has on the rate and amount of blood lost by turkeys during bleeding. Several workers have reported on the use of electricity for stunning and killing animals. Rose (1939) reported that currents as high as 400 milliamperes applied to the head for ten seconds failed to kill chickens but currents of 75 milliamperes that passed from the sides of the head to the feet killed the birds. He recommended, for chickens, a current of 150 milliamperes or greater for at least four or five of the ten seconds during which current was applied. Bleeding of stunned birds appeared to be good.
Characterization of some new C16 and C17 unsaturated fatty aldehydes

The following six volatile fatty aldehydes, including five new compounds have been characterized by spectral analyses (mass spectra presented) and ozonolysis:cis-7-hexadecenal,cis-8-heptadecenal (previously known),cis,cis-7,10-hexadecadienal,cis,cis-8,11-heptadecadienal,cis,cis,cis-7,10,13-hexadecatrienal,cis,cis,cis-8,11,14-heptadecatrienal. Compounds were separated (gas liquid chromatography) from a volatile concentrate prepared by reduced pressure steam distillation of an aqueous cucumber homogenate. These aldehydes were not detected by our methods when the tissue was extracted with CHCl3-MeOH.
Abstract 3020: The role of NF-κB (p65) and Stat3 interplay in the regulation of radiation-induced, ICAM-1-mediated migration and invasion in glioma

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Aberrant activation of both NF-κB and Stat3 is associated with enhanced tumor metastasis in various cancers. In human glioma xenograft cells 4910 and 5310, irradiation (IR; 8 Gy) elevated Stat3 and p65 phosphorylation and persistent nuclear translocation in correlation with massive increases in cellular and soluble ICAM-1 levels. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed enhanced nuclear phospho-p65/phospho-Stat3 and acetyl-p65/phospho-Stat3 interactions along with enhanced invasiveness and migration in IR-treated cells. Promoter analysis indicated presence of adjacent NF-κB- and Stat3-consensus binding elements in the proximal promoter and the proximal intron-1 of the ICAM-1 promoter, whereas overlapping NF-κB/Stat3 binding motifs were identified in the distal intron-1 region. ChIP binding and promoter/luciferase reporter assays showed that IR induced prominent binding of both Stat3 and NF-κB to the proximal intron-1 region followed by the distal intron-1 and the proximal promoter regions on the ICAM-1 gene. Individual treatments with Stat3.si or JSH-23 blocked the occupancy of both Stat3 and p65 onto the ICAM-1 promoter and prevented subsequent ICAM-1-mediated migration and invasion. In addition, constitutive activation of Stat3 and NF-κB by Stat3C or TNF-α significantly elevated IR-induced migration and invasion. In vivo orthotropic experiments in nude mice showed that the Stat3.si treatment reduced tumor growth and IR-induced phopsho-Stat3/phospho-p65 and ICAM-1 expression when compared to pSV-treated controls. These results suggest that both p65 and Stat3 bind to the intronic region of ICAM-1 promoter to induce its optimal transcription in IR-treated cells and abrogation of IR-induced p65/Stat3 binding inhibits ICAM-1-mediated enhancement of malignancy in post-irradiated tumor cells. As such, the results of this study clearly have potential future therapeutic significance in glioma treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3020. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3020
Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas

Nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are those that do not produce any functional pituitary hormones.
GIS application to build a new parking in East Lansing city

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is being widely applied to official construction activities nowadays. This technique can not only display graphs for each spatial data displayed, but also provide a broad prediction and decision tool. The purpose of this paper is to describe the capabilities of GIS application in building a new parking facility in the city of East Lansing through wide analysis of the surrounding data. The results are displayed in maps and graphs. Finally, the recommendation area is selected using three criteria: proximity to the downtown area; the degree of VACANT; and distance from all buffers.
The gamma gap and all-cause mortality risk: considerations of physical activity.

Summary Background Only one study has examined the association between the ‘gamma gap’ (total serum protein minus albumin) and all-cause mortality risk. No study has evaluated this relationship while considering patient physical activity behaviour. Objective To examine the effects of gamma gap on all-cause mortality, with considerations by physical activity behaviour. Methods Data from the 1999–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were employed, with follow-up occurring through 2011 via the National Death Index. Gamma gap was evaluated from a comprehensive medical panel, with physical activity assessed via self-report. Various potential confounders were evaluated via self-report, examination and laboratory assessment. Results Among the evaluated 14,936 participants, 1,564,112 person-months occurred with an incidence rate of 0.63 deaths per 1000 person-months. The unweighted median follow-up period was 105 months, with 989 deaths occurring during the follow-up period. After adjusting for all covariates with the exception of physical activity, gamma gap was significantly associated with all-cause mortality risk (HR=1.33; 95% CI: 1.07-1.64). The inclusion of physical activity as a covariate did not appreciably alter the relationship between the gamma gap and all-cause mortality (HR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.05–1.60; p = 0.02). Participants with an elevated gamma gap (≥ 3.1 g/dl; ≥ 31.0 g/l) and who met moderate-to-vigorous physical activity guidelines had a 44% reduced all-cause mortality risk (HR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.40–0.78; p = 0.001). Conclusion This study lends further credence to the effect of the gamma gap on all-cause mortality risk independent of other mortality risk factors and physical activity status, as well as provides evidence for a beneficial effect of physical activity on mortality among individuals with an elevated gamma gap. Thus, it may be possible that serial monitoring of total protein and albumin may be beneficial in the clinical setting and we highlight a potential beneficial role of physical activity in patients with elevated gamma gap.
3-minute smartphone-based and tablet-based psychomotor vigilance tests for the assessment of reduced alertness due to sleep deprivation

The psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) is widely used to measure reduced alertness due to sleep loss. Here, two newly developed, 3-min versions of the psychomotor vigilance test, one smartphone-based and the other tablet-based, were validated against a conventional 10-min laptop-based PVT. Sixteen healthy participants (ages 22-40; seven males, nine females) completed a laboratory study, which included a practice and a baseline day, a 38-h total sleep deprivation (TSD) period, and a recovery day, during which they performed the three different versions of the PVT every 3 h. For each version of the PVT, the number of lapses, mean response time (RT), and number of false starts showed statistically significant changes across the sleep deprivation and recovery days. The number of lapses on the laptop was significantly correlated with the numbers of lapses on the smartphone and tablet. The mean RTs were generally faster on the smartphone and tablet than on the laptop. All three versions of the PVT exhibited a time-on-task effect in RTs, modulated by time awake and time of day. False starts were relatively rare on all three PVTs. For the number of lapses, the effect sizes across 38 h of TSD were large for the laptop PVT and medium for the smartphone and tablet PVTs. These results indicate that the 3-min smartphone and tablet PVTs are valid instruments for measuring reduced alertness due to sleep deprivation and restored alertness following recovery sleep. The results also indicate that the loss of sensitivity on the 3-min PVTs may be mitigated by modifying the threshold defining lapses.
The Attack on Logicism

Poincare argued that logicism fails because the logicist cannot show that the epistemological source of the concepts required for the logicist derivation of arithmetic is really logic. Indeed, Poincare believed that the concept of indefinite iterability — of the ability to iterate or repeat (for example, the application of a rule, like ‘+’) without stopping — is foundational, not only for arithmetic, but for all systematic thinking; and its epistemological source is synthetic a priori intuition. I call this intuition ‘arithmetic’ intuition; and the claim made by Poincare is that it underlies all systematic thinking because it underlies our ability to generalise, as in our understanding of ‘and so on’, of potential infinity, ‘etc.’, etc. On this view, knowledge that the principle of induction is satisfied by the numbers is not strictly knowledge of logical or analytic truths, for induction is not merely part of the definition of ‘number’. Rather, any definition of ‘number’ requires the employment of induction (or a principle at least as strong as induction) outside of it, so to speak; and this means that to define ‘number’ we require prior epistemological access to (something strong enough to yield) induction. Poincare therefore concludes that induction is a synthetic (a priori) principle, and it holds in any nonempirical domain which can be regarded as a model of an indefinitely iterable rule.
Humming and Singing in Partial Seizures

The frequency and anatomic localization of musical automatisms (MA) among 416 patients with partial seizures admitted for video-EEG recording and presurgical evaluation are reported from Timone Hospital, Marseille, France.
Renal Denervation Normalizes Arterial Pressure With No Effect on Glucose Metabolism or Renal Inflammation in Obese Hypertensive Mice

Hypertension often occurs in concurrence with obesity and diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as metabolic syndrome. Renal denervation (RDNx) lowers arterial pressure (AP) and improves glucose metabolism in drug-resistant hypertensive patients with high body mass index. In addition, RDNx has been shown to reduce renal inflammation in the mouse model of angiotensin II hypertension. The present study tested the hypothesis that RDNx reduces AP and renal inflammation and improves glucose metabolism in obesity-induced hypertension. Eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed either a low-fat diet (10 kcal%) or a high-fat diet (45 kcal%) for 10 weeks. Body weight, food intake, fasting blood glucose, and glucose metabolism (glucose tolerance test) were measured. In a parallel study, radiotelemeters were implanted in mice for AP measurement. High fat–fed C57BL/6J mice exhibited an inflammatory and metabolic syndrome phenotype, including increased fat mass, increased AP, and hyperglycemia compared with low-fat diet mice. RDNx, but not Sham surgery, normalized AP in high-fat diet mice (115.8±1.5 mm Hg in sham versus 96.6±6.7 mm Hg in RDNx). RDNx had no significant effect on AP in low-fat diet mice. Also, RDNx had no significant effect on glucose metabolism or renal inflammation as measured by the number of CD8, CD4, and T helper cells or levels of inflammatory cytokines in the kidneys. These results indicate that although renal nerves play a role in obesity-induced hypertension, they do not contribute to impaired glucose metabolism or renal inflammation in this model.
(Dis)Engagement and Everyday Democracy in Stigmatized Places: Addressing Brain Drain in the Rural United States

This study explores rural young adults’ processes of engaging in practices of everyday democracy after the loss of the area’s largest employer introduced stigmas of unemployment, stagnation, and abandonment. When young people decided to participate in community life despite these stigmas, they primarily engaged through selective participation via their affiliations with nonstigmatized groups or by challenging stigma through acts of creation. In explaining their rationales for these strategies, participants positioned themselves as occupying liminal spaces or as directly answerable for creating a particular type of community. We discuss implications of each position for addressing the practical problem of brain drain.
Droplet Assisted Inlet Ionization for Online Analysis of Airborne Nanoparticles.

Airborne nanoparticles play a key role in climate effects as well as impacting human health. Their small mass and complex chemical composition represent significant challenges for analysis. This work introduces a new ionization method, droplet assisted inlet ionization (DAII), where aqueous droplets are produced from airborne nanoparticles. When these droplets enter the mass spectrometer through a heated inlet, rapid vaporization leads to the formation of molecular ions. The method is demonstrated with test aerosols consisting of polypropylene glycol (PPG), angiotensin II, bovine serum albumin, and the “thermometer” compound p-methoxybenzylpyridinium chloride. High-quality spectra were obtained from PPG particles down to 13 nm in diameter and sampled masses in the low pictogram range. These correspond to aerosol number and mass concentrations smaller than 1000 particles/cm3 and 100 ng/m3, respectively, and a time resolution on the order of seconds. Fragmentation of the thermometer ion using DAII was inlet...
Genomic characterization of primary and metastatic prostate cancer (PC) using a targeted next-generation sequencing assay.

254 Background: Genomic alterations in PC have been described across the disease continuum, creating opportunities for selective clinical trial enrollment of patients (pts) with high-risk or metastatic disease based on their tumor profile. MSK-IMPACT is an exon capture-based sequencing assay performed in a CLIA-certified laboratory that targets 410 cancer-associated genes, many of which are potential drug targets. We assessed mutations and copy number alterations (CNAs) in primary and metastatic samples from untreated, hormone-treated and castration resistant pts. Methods: PC pts were enrolled on an IRB-approved protocol for tumor genomic profiling. Fixed tumor and matched germline samples were subjected to DNA sequencing analysis using MSK-IMPACT for the identification of somatic mutations and CNAs. Results: 315 samples from 271 pts were successfully sequenced (Table). Overall success rate was 80% (67% for bone). 14 tumors were pathologically classified as neuroendocrine or had neuroendocrine features. 2...
Control of nonlinear distributed parameter systems: An overview and new research directions

Abstract This work presents an overview of recent relults on.controle of distributed perameters and discusses some directions for future research.
Cholesteatoma as a complication of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis of the temporal bone: A nationwide cross-sectional analysis.

Abstract Objective To determine if patients with Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) of the temporal bone have a higher risk of developing cholesteatoma. Methods Review of literature and cross-sectional weighted analysis of patients under 19 with a diagnosis of LCH from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) and Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) from 2000 to 2013. ICD-9 codes and demographics were analyzed; pairwise comparisons and multivariate analyses were performed. Results Only seven cases of cholesteatoma after the treatment for LCH of the temporal bone have been documented in the literature. No significant association between cholesteatoma and LCH was seen (OR 0.747 [0.149–3.751]). Patients with LCH did have a higher incidence of chronic otitis media, chronic otitis externa, chronic sinusitis, hearing loss, and otitis media with effusion. Conclusion Our results show that patients with Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis do not appear to have a higher risk of developing cholesteatoma. However they are more likely to be diagnosed with chronic otitis externa which should be differentiated from cholesteatoma or recurrence of LCH.
A Young Seedling Stripe2 phenotype in rice is caused by mutation of a chloroplast-localized nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2 required for chloroplast biogenesis

Chloroplast development and chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis in plants are regulated by many genes, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely elusive. We isolated a rice mutant named yss2 (young seedling stripe2) with a striated seedling phenotype beginning from leaf 2 of delayed plant growth. The mutant developed normal green leaves from leaf 5, but reduced tillering and chlorotic leaves and panicles appeared later. Chlorotic yss2 seedlings have decreased pigment contents and impaired chloroplast development. Genetic analysis showed that the mutant phenotype was due to a single recessive gene. Positional cloning and sequence analysis identified a single nucleotide substitution in YSS2 gene causing an amino acid change from Gly to Asp. The YSS2 allele encodes a NDPK2 (nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2) protein showing high similarity to other types of NDPKs. Real-time RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that YSS2 transcripts accumulated highly in L4 sections at the early leaf development stage. Expression levels of genes associated with Chl biosynthesis and photosynthesis in yss2 were mostly decreased, but genes involved in chloroplast biogenesis were up-regulated compared to the wild type. The YSS2 protein was associated with punctate structures in the chloroplasts of rice protoplasts. Our overall data suggest that YSS2 has important roles in chloroplast biogenesis.
„MESS: Make ’Em Simple and Stupid” Die Industrialisierung der Personalentwicklung

Die „e-Hysterie“ ist zwar vorbei, aber bei den meisten Unternehmen rollt der Zug ins digitalisierte Prozessparadies mit ungedrosselt hohem Tempo weiter: In diesen Tagen werden nahezu alle Ablaufe im Unternehmen auf das vermeintlich kostenbewusste „e“ getrimmt. Das schliest inzwischen sogar einen Bereich ein, der bislang von Technologiejungern und Rationalisierungsverfechtern stets als unbegreifbares Mysterium betrachtet und deshalb links liegen gelassen wurde: Die noch „softe“ Welt der Human Relations (HR)-Abteilungen. Die „e-Werdung“ der Unternehmen ist also noch lange nicht zu oder gar am Ende. Unter dem Stichwort e-Performance, e-HR oder doch ganz schlicht „Mitarbeiterportal” wachsen heute alle Prozesse rund um Weiterbildung, Performance und Wissen zusammen.Maybe you’ve got the impression that the „e-hysteria“ is over. However, in most companies the unshakeable belief in a digital process paradise is still spreading out to all departments. All business processes have to be streamlined to fit in a new and cost optimized „e“-world. This trend even has reached a field which the disciples of technology and rationalization have a long time considered as an incomprehensible mystery and which therefore was almost forgotten: The soft world of HR (Human Relations) Departments. Here we are now also confronted with key words like e-Performance, e-HR or simply employee portal — a lot of different labels which all have in common that the processes around personnel development, performance and knowledge merge into each other and carry on standardization of HR.
From victim to victimizer: hostility, anger, and depression as mediators of the bullying victimization-bullying perpetration association

Abstract The principal aim of this study was to test one cognitive (i.e., hostility) and two emotional (anger and depression) variables as possible mediators of the well-documented association between bullying victimization and bullying perpetration. Using data from the Illinois Study of Bullying and Sexual Violence (ISBSV), a sample of 718 pre-adolescent/early adolescent children (343 boys and 375 girls) provided self-report data in three waves, with six months between waves. Consistent with predictions, hostility and depression correlated equally well with prior bullying victimization but only hostility successfully mediated the relation between prior bullying victimization and subsequent bullying perpetration. Like hostility, anger successfully predicted bullying perpetration but unlike hostility it failed to mediate the victimization–perpetration association. Knowing that hostility provides a link between bullying victimization and bullying perpetration has both theoretical and practical implications. With respect to theory, the current results are largely consistent with the control model of criminal lifestyle development. From the standpoint of practice, intervention programs designed to address the cognitive construct of hostility, which appears to serve as a conduit through which bullying victimization leads to bullying perpetration, may not only help bullied children cope with the trauma of victimization but may also disrupt the victim to victimizer cycle responsible for creating an ever-expanding supply of new bullies.
Increase in the advanced glycation end product pentosidine in Bruch's membrane with age.

PURPOSE. To determine whether there is an age-related increase of pentosidine in human Bruch's membranes and to localize pentosidine and carboxymethyllysine (CML), two well-characterized, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in aged human Bruch's membranes and choroid in vivo. METHODS. Human Bruch's membrane samples were isolated from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid and subjected to reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography to determine pentosidine content. A polyclonal anti- pentosidine antibody and a monoclonal antibody specific for carboxymethyllysine were used to localize AGEs in 20-month-old nondiabetic, 82-year-old nondiabetic, and 82-year-old diabetic globes. RESULTS. Human Bruch's membranes (n = 20) showed a linear age-dependent increase in pentosidine that reached approximately 0.17 millimoles pentosidine per mole hydroxyproline in late life (r = 0.896; P < 0.001). Immunohistochemical evaluation showed evidence of pentosidine in Bruch's membrane, choroidal extracellular matrix, and vessel walls in the 82-year-old nondiabetic and diabetic globes. A similar staining pattern was found with the anti-CML antibody. Basal laminar deposits and drusen stained with both antibodies in the elderly nondiabetic eye. In contrast, neither antibody stained the 20- month-old tissue. CONCLUSIONS. We provide biochemical and immunohistochemical evidence for the formation of pentosidine and CML structures in human Bruch's membrane and choroid with age. These changes could promote aging of the RPE- Bruch's membrane-choroid complex.Chemicals/CAS: Arginine, 74-79-3; Glycosylation End Products, Advanced; Lysine, 56-87-1; N(6)-carboxymethyllysine, 5746-04-3; pentosidine, 124505-87-9
DNA sequence analysis of exons 2 through 11 and immunohistochemical staining are required to detect all known p53 alterations in human malignancies.

Abstract p53 mutations are the most common genetic alterations found in human malignancies. However current estimates of p53 alterations in cancers may be inaccurate because there is evidence that current approaches do not detect all p53 alterations. In this study we determine the status of the p53 gene by complete DNA sequencing of exons 2 through 11 as well as immunohistochemical staining in cohorts of primary human breast, ovarian and non small cell lung cancer. Overall, 24 of 93 (26%) breast cancers, 62 of 108 (57%) ovarian cancers and 88 of 154 (57%) non small cell lung cancers contained DNA sequence mutations, whereas positive immunohistochemical staining was detected in 15 of 64 (23%) breast, 35 of 94 (37%) ovarian, and 63 of 137 (46%) lung cancers. Of those tumors that contained mutations, the mutation occurred outside the 'hot-spot' region in 19% of breast, 18% of ovarian and 17% of lung tumors, indicating that a substantial number of mutations remain undetected in studies that are restricted to exons 5 through 9. We observed a high concordance between the presence of p53 missense mutations and positive immunohistochemical staining, but a poor concordance between other types of mutations and staining in all three types of malignancies. We conclude that a combination of DNA sequence analysis of exons 2 through 11 and immunohistochemical staining are required to detect all known alterations in the p53 gene in human malignancies.
Yammer in the Classroom: Staging a traditional face-to-face debate in an asynchronous distance environment

Having a debate is a very effective way of engaging students with the class material that requires higher-level thinking skills such as creation, synthesis, reformulation, and communication of original ideas. The traditional face-to-face debate is difficult to transition to a completely asynchronous virtual learning environment. Using a social media platform in a Learning, Design, and Technology course at Penn State University allowed virtual students to engage emotively with the material in the same manner as their residential peers. Yammer proved to be a very valuable tool for conducting this debate and enhancing the learning experience of virtual students, especially those who are in asynchronous classes.
Evaluation of maize production under mobile drip irrigation

Abstract Declining water levels in the Ogallala aquifer of the U.S. High Plains necessitate more efficient irrigation technology to sustain agricultural production. A study to evaluate the performance of Mobile Drip Irrigation (MDI) for maize production, in comparison to common center-pivot nozzles (Low Elevation Spray Application (LESA) and Low Energy Precision Application (LEPA)) was conducted. A center-pivot was retrofitted with MDI, LEPA and LESA. Irrigation capacities of 6.3, 3.1, and 1.6 mm/d were considered. Grain yield, water use efficiency, above ground biomass, leaf area index (LAI), and soil water content was compared. Differences in grain yield between irrigation application devices were not significant (p = 0.085), but there were differences between irrigation capacities (p
PD-L1 expression, tumor mutational burden, and response to immunotherapy in patients with MET exon 14 altered lung cancers.

Background MET exon 14 alterations are actionable oncogenic drivers. Durable responses to MET inhibitors are observed in patients with advanced MET exon 14-altered lung cancers in prospective trials. In contrast, the activity of immunotherapy, PD-L1 expression and tumor mutational burden (TMB) of these tumors and are not well characterized. Patients and methods Patients with MET exon 14-altered lung cancers of any stage treated at two academic institutions were identified. A review of clinicopathologic and molecular features, and an analysis of response to single-agent or combination immune checkpoint inhibition were conducted. PD-L1 immunohistochemistry was carried out and TMB was calculated by estimation from targeted next-generation sequencing panels. Results We identified 147 patients with MET exon 14-altered lung cancers. PD-L1 expression of 0%, 1%-49%, and ≥50% were 37%, 22%, and 41%, respectively, in 111 evaluable tumor samples. The median TMB of MET exon 14-altered lung cancers was lower than that of unselected non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) in both independently evaluated cohorts: 3.8 versus 5.7 mutations/megabase (P < 0.001, n = 78 versus 1769, cohort A), and 7.3 versus 11.8 mutations/megabase (P < 0.001, n = 62 versus 1100, cohort B). There was no association between PD-L1 expression and TMB (Spearman's rho=0.18, P = 0.069). In response-evaluable patients (n = 24), the objective response rate was 17% (95% CI 6% to 36%) and the median progression-free survival was 1.9 months (95% CI 1.7-2.7). Responses were not enriched in tumors with PD-L1 expression ≥50% nor high TMB. Conclusion A substantial proportion of MET exon 14-altered lung cancers express PD-L1, but the median TMB is lower compared with unselected NSCLCs. Occasional responses to PD-1 blockade can be achieved, but overall clinical efficacy is modest.
The Role of Family During Older Adults’ Living Transitions: Implications for Helping Professionals and Family Counselors:

Adults aged 65 and over comprise approximately 15% of the U.S. population, yet research regarding their experiences during later life transitions remains relatively scant. Our aim in conducting thi...
Are You Game

The use of gameful activities in education has been widely celebrated in recent years as an effective pedagogical method in engaging students, exciting cognitive abilities, and promoting mastery. Despite the popularity of game-based learning, to date, little has been done to analyze the impacts of introducing such interventions on students and instructors alike. We focus on hybrid teaching strategies that blend educational games with instructional scaffolding in introductory computer science teaching. We assess the effectiveness of incorporating these teaching strategies by leveraging various empirical evaluation techniques and study their impacts from three different dimensions: students' point of view, instructors' perspective, and students' performance. In addition, we establish correlations between students' approaches to learning and game-based learning, and further discuss how learning concentration and curiosity relate to students' perception of game-based activities.
High Intensity 5 th Harmonic Generation using CLBO

We report results from frequency conversion experiments using a 1053 nm Nd:Glass laser system and a CLBO quintupler to generate fifth harmonic (211 nm) output. A peak 211 nm intensity of 0.4 GW/cm2 was measured with a fundamental drive intensity of 2.25 GW/cm2. © 2019 The Author(s)
A generalization of a theorem of Hecke for SL2(Fp) to fundamental discriminants

Abstract Let p > 3 be an odd prime, p ≡ 3 mod 4 and let π + , π − be the pair of cuspidal representations of S L 2 ( F p ) . It is well known by Hecke that the difference m π + − m π − in the multiplicities of these two irreducible representations occurring in the space of weight 2 cusps forms with respect to the principal congruence subgroup Γ ( p ) , equals the class number h ( − p ) of the imaginary quadratic field Q ( − p ) . We extend this result to all fundamental discriminants −D of imaginary quadratic fields Q ( − D ) and prove that an alternating sum of multiplicities of certain irreducibles of S L 2 ( Z / D Z ) is an explicit multiple, up to a sign and a power of 2, of either the class number h ( − D ) or of the sums h ( − D ) + h ( − D / 2 ) , h ( − D ) + 2 h ( − D / 2 ) ; the last two possibilities occur in some of the cases when D ≡ 0 mod 8 . The proof uses the holomorphic Lefschetz number.
Insuring the Unthinkable

Recent mass shootings have led to public and private responses implicating insurance. The public response consisted of calls to require firearm owners to purchase liability insurance, and has been discussed at length elsewhere. This article examines the private response: the steady proliferation of “active shooter insurance,” more recently called “active assailant insurance.” (collectively, AS/AA insurance). Although these policies cover the for-profit businesses, nonprofit institutions, and even municipalities that purchase them, rather than shooting victims or others impacted by a tragic event, benefits would flow through to these individuals if a covered event occurs. This article assays AS/AA insurance along several dimensions. Part II considers factors impacting the effectiveness of the insurance in compensating insureds for losses stemming from AS/AA incidents. Part III reviews the ways in which AS/AA insurers can provide loss prevention services, enable insureds to prevent or mitigate losses, and efficiently manage claims and resulting litigation. Part IV concludes.
Potential satellite mission on atmospheric dynamics for severe weather forecasts (Conference Presentation)

Surface air pressure is the most important atmospheric variable for atmospheric dynamics. It is regularly measured by in-situ meteorological sensors, and there are no operational capabilities that could remotely sense the pressure over the globe. The poor spatiotemporal coverage of this dynamically crucial variable is a significant observational gap in weather predictions. To improve forecasts of severe weather conditions, especially the intensity and track of tropical storms, large spatial coverage and frequent sampling of surface barometry are critically needed for numerical weather forecast models. Recent development in remote sensing techniques provides a great hope of atmospheric barometry in large spatiotemporal scales. Currently, NASA Langley Research Center tries to use the concept of Differential-absorption Barometric Radar (DiBAR) working at the 50-56 GHz O2 absorption bands to fill the observational gap. The numerical simulation shows that with this DiBAR remote sensing system, the uncertainty in instantaneous radar surface air pressure estimates can be as low as ~1 mb. Prototype instrumentation and its related laboratory, ground and airborne experiments indicate that satellite DiBAR remote sensing systems will obtain needed air pressure observations and meet or exceed the science requirements for surface air pressure fields. Observational system simulation experiments (OSSEs) for space DiBAR performance based on the existing DiBAR technology and capability show substantial improvements in tropical storm predictions, not only for the typhoon track and position but also for the typhoon intensity. Satellite DiBAR measurements will provide an unprecedented level of the prediction and knowledge on global extreme weather conditions. A space multi-frequency differential oxygen absorption radar system will fill the gap in the global observations of atmospheric air pressure, increase our knowledge in the dynamics, and significantly improve weather, especially severe weather such as typhoon and hurricane, predictions. Advanced tropical storm forecasts are expected with the studied capability. The development of the DiBAR system and associated OSSE results will be presented.
Partial Differential Equations as Equations in Infinite Dimensions

The study of infinite–dimensional equations is motivated by applications to partial differential equations. We describe two methods used for deterministic equations. One involves the study of mild solutions with the help of a semigroup generated by the unbounded operator on a Banach space, as in the work of Pazy (Semigroups of Linear Operators and Applications to Partial Differential Equations. Applied Mathematical Sciences, vol. 44. Springer, New York 1983). We illustrate this approach in an example of the heat equation cast as an abstract Cauchy problem, where the state space of the solution is an infinite-dimensional Banach space, and the coefficient, even in this linear case, is an unbounded operator. We present here a comprehensive review of the properties of semigroups of operators. In the other method, the unbounded operator is recast as a bounded operator from its domain Hilbert space V to its range V ∗, the continuous dual of V, where the equation is defined. However, the initial condition is in a Hilbert space H, with V↪H↪V ∗, where the embeddings are dense and continuous. This approach requires a condition of coercivity to bring the solution at time t>0 into H, the space of the initial condition. We present here the approach of Lions (Equations Differentielles Operationelles et Problemes aux Limites. Springer, Berlin, 1961), to show that the solution is a continuous H-valued function on [0,T]. In the presence of non-linear coefficients, the solution may not exist due to the failure of the Peano theorem (since the Arzela–Ascoli theorem is invalid in infinite dimensions), and to secure the existence result we will assume in later chapters compactness of the embeddings or of the semigroup of operators.
The Parameter Dependence of Eddy Heat Flux in a Homogeneous Quasigeostrophic Two-Layer Model on a β Plane with Quadratic Friction

Abstract This study investigates the parameter dependence of eddy heat flux in a homogeneous quasigeostrophic two-layer model on a β plane with imposed environmental vertical wind shear and quadratic frictional drag. We examine the extent to which the results can be explained by a recently proposed diffusivity theory for passive tracers in two-dimensional turbulence. To account for the differences between two-layer and two-dimensional models, we modify the two-dimensional theory according to our two-layer f -plane analyses reported in an earlier study. Specifically, we replace the classic Kolmogorovian spectral slope, −5/3, assumed to predict eddy kinetic energy spectrum in the former with a larger slope, −7/3, suggested by a heuristic argument and fit to the model results in the latter. It is found that the modified theory provides a reasonable estimate within the regime where both and the strength of the frictional drag, , are much smaller than unity (here, c D is the nondimensional drag coefficient divided by the depth of the layer, k d is the wavenumber of deformation radius, and U is the imposed background vertical wind shear). For values of and that are closer to one, the theory works only if the full spectrum shape of the eddy kinetic energy is given. Despite the qualitative, fitting nature of this approach and its failure to explain the full parameter range, we believe its documentation here remains useful as a reference for the future attempt in pursuing a better theory.
Incorporating Virtual Reality to Improve Otolaryngology Resident Wellness: One Institution's Experience

OBJECTIVE Burnout is defined as work-related emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and decreased sense of accomplishment. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as an effective treatment modality for various conditions related to anxiety, however, few studies have assessed its role for stress management in residents. We hypothesize that VR-based mindfulness meditation can reduce resident burnout in real-world settings. STUDY DESIGN Prospective randomized crossover trial. METHODS Resident participants completed the validated Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). One group used a VR-based meditation app; the second group received no intervention. After a 2-month rotation, all subjects completed an MBI and crossed over to the other arm. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to compare MBI scores before and after intervention, and to compare results by gender and postgraduate year. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to assess qualitative differences between participants. RESULTS Eighteen residents completed the study. Five participants were female and 13 were male. Weekly use of VR-guided meditation and paced breathing was associated with a significant decrease in emotional exhaustion (P = .009), and on subgroup analysis, male gender specifically was associated with a decrease in emotional exhaustion (P = .027). In the post-intervention survey, 42.9% subjects reported that VR encouraged them to employ paced breathing techniques, 71.4% reported that they would use the technology if regularly available, and 21.4% reported they would use paced breathing in the future. CONCLUSION VR-based therapy may serve as a successful tool in stress management and reduce the rate of burnout among otolaryngology residents. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 131:1972-1976, 2021.