cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fetal Echocardiographic Measurements and the Need for Neonatal Surgical Intervention in Tetralogy of Fallot

This study aimed to evaluate fetal echocardiographic measurements at the time of the first fetal echocardiogram as predictors of neonatal outcome for tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). The study reviewed all infants with a prenatal diagnosis of TOF from January 2004 to June 2011. Aortic valve (AoV), pulmonary valve (PV), main pulmonary artery (MPA), left and right pulmonary artery diameters, and ductus arteriosus flow were evaluated on fetal echocardiograms, and associations between the fetal echocardiogram and the neonatal echocardiogram measurements and outcomes were assessed. The study identified 67 TOF patients who had an initial fetal echocardiogram at a mean gestational age of 25.0 ± 5.2 weeks. Patients with absent PV syndrome or major aortopulmonary collaterals were excluded from the study, as were those without anterograde pulmonary blood flow at the first fetal echocardiogram. Of the remaining 44 patients, 10 were ductal dependent and required neonatal surgery. Infants who were ductal dependent had lower fetal PV (−5.38 ± 2.95 vs. −3.51 ± 1.66; p < 0.05) and MPA (−3.94 ± 1.66 vs. −2.87 ± 1.04; p < 0.05) z-scores. A fetal PV z-score of −5 predicted ductal dependence with 78 % sensitivity and 87 % specificity, and a PV z-score of −3 showed 100 % sensitivity and 34 % specificity (p < 0.001). Fetuses with a reversed left-to-right flow across the ductus arteriosus (DA) were more likely to be ductal dependent (odds ratio, 25; p < 0.001) than those who had normal ductal flow. In TOF, fetal PV and MPA z-scores and direction of the DA blood flow predict neonatal ductal dependence. Patients with fetal PV z-scores lower than −3 or any left-to-right flow at the level of the DA should be admitted to a center where prostaglandin is available.
Structure of the PduU Shell Protein from the Pdu Microcompartment of Salmonella

Summary The Pdu microcompartment is a proteinaceous, subcellular structure that serves as an organelle for the metabolism of 1,2-propanediol in Salmonella enterica . It encapsulates several related enzymes within a shell composed of a few thousand protein subunits. Recent structural studies on the carboxysome, a related microcompartment involved in CO 2 fixation, have concluded that the major shell proteins from that microcompartment form hexamers that pack into layers comprising the facets of the shell. Here we report the crystal structure of PduU, a protein from the Pdu microcompartment, representing the first structure of a shell protein from a noncarboxysome microcompartment. Though PduU is a hexamer like other characterized shell proteins, it has undergone a circular permutation leading to dramatic differences in the hexamer pore. In view of the hypothesis that microcompartment metabolites diffuse across the outer shell through these pores, the unique structure of PduU suggests the possibility of a special functional role.
Orientations of prospective teachers toward students' family and community

Abstract Teacher educators need an awareness of orientations that prospective teachers (PSTs) hold about children's families and communities, so that they can support PSTs in developing positive perspectives and addressing deficit perspectives. Orientations expressed by 20 PSTs while in preK-8 mathematics methods courses are examined. Results from interviews indicate that PSTs recognize the importance of connecting with parents, understanding home and community practices, and building on these practices to support children's mathematical learning. They also, however, exhibit inconsistent perspectives, at times indicating a lack of understanding as to why some families appear to be less able to support students' academic efforts.
Genetic and physiological response to fumonisin and AAL-toxin by intact tissue of a higher plant

The differential phytotoxicity of purified AAL-toxin to lines of tomato isogenic for the Asc gene parallels resistance to Alternaria alternata f.sp. lycopersici. This relationship, as reported earlier, is consistent with the role of AAL-toxin as a host-specific toxin with the role of a primary chemical determinant of Alternaria stem canker. Current results indicate the pathogen and the AAL-toxin also can be recovered from ripe fruit with symptoms of the disease known as black mold. Fumonisins are structurally similar to the AAL-toxins but are secreted by Fusarium moniliforme which is taxonomically distinct from A. alternata. F. moniliforme, is not pathogenic on living tomato tissues but was recovered from ripe tomato fruit with symptoms of black mold. The penetration of ripe fruit and subsequent colonization by both fungi appears to be saprophytic. Fumonisins and AAL-toxins express equivalent genotype-specific activity against the isogenic Asc lines of tomato and produce equivalent necrotic symptoms in tomato leaflet bioassays. Evidence was obtained that the biosynthetic pathway for production of these toxins is present in several species of both Alternaria and Fusarium. Toxin biosynthesis was sensitive to nutritional regulation in both genera. However, pathogenicity on tomato was not altered by the medium used for inoculum production in either genera and remained restricted to A. alternata f.sp. lycopersici in the studies reported here. Differences in the amount of toxin produced were found among isolates of both genera while the magnitude of the differences was defined by the substrate on which the fungi were grown.
Tropical Origins for Recent North Atlantic Climate Change

Evidence is presented that North Atlantic climate change since 1950 is linked to a progressive warming of tropical sea surface temperatures, especially over the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The ocean changes alter the pattern and magnitude of tropical rainfall and atmospheric heating, the atmospheric response to which includes the spatial structure of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The slow, tropical ocean warming has thus forced a commensurate trend toward one extreme phase of the NAO during the past half-century.
Decline of the center: The decentralizing process of knowledge transfer of Chinese universities from 1985 to 2004

Abstract University knowledge transfer, which contains both codified and non-codified knowledge, is an important source of industry innovativeness. The geographic constraint on university knowledge flows, which is commonly observed in Western countries, makes proximity with universities a big plus in creating learning regions. No systematic study has been conducted in China regarding such geographic constraint on knowledge transfer and its implications on China's nation and regional innovation systems. Taking advantage of the Chinese patent data, this paper examines the geographic variations in university–industry collaborations in China from 1985 to 2004 and shows a decentralizing/localizing trend in knowledge flows from university to industry. The blockmodel analysis further reveals the roles of different provinces and municipalities in the National Innovation System and how those had changed over time. Besides showing a vivid picture of the knowledge exchange patterns among Chinese provinces and municipalities, the results suggest that the geographic constraint on knowledge flows only becomes salient in China in recent years due to the administrative decentralization and the economic reform. As a result of these changes, less favored regions are further left behind not only due to their shortage of local university resources, but also because of the reduced extra-local knowledge support, which constitutes an important supplemental resource for regional development.
THE GALILEAN JOVILABE

title RIASSUNTO /title Il giovilabio uno strumento astronomico disegnato per la prima volta da Galileo come macchina calcolatrice delle posizioni dei quattro satelliti di Giove da lui scoperti. Galileo lo us per compilare effemeridi e ne intu i possibili usi per la determinazione della longitudine in mare attraverso l'osservazione dei satelliti di Giove. Versioni del giovilabio furono progettate da numerosi astronomi, ma non fu mai prodotto commercialmente. Oggetto di questo articolo un curioso esemplare dello strumento, di ottone dorato, realizzato diversi anni dopo la morte di Galileo e trovato nell'eredit del Cardinale Leopoldo de' Medici nel 1675. Basato sull'originale Giovilabio di Galileo, lo strumento sopravvive non solo come un reperto storico di un settecentesco gabinetto di curiosit , ma anche come reliquia della lunga e infruttuosa ricerca di Galileo per la determinazione della longitudine in mare.
Early transient superplumes and the origin of the Martian crustal dichotomy

[1] The large temperature difference between the core and mantle of Mars at the end of planetary accretion creates a hot, internally convecting thermal boundary layer at the base of the mantle, whose viscosity is several orders of magnitude lower than the viscosity of the mantle above it. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations of the instability of this thermal boundary layer show that it is likely that only one large plume forms. This superplume may play a role in the formation of crustal dichotomy and generation of the magnetic field in the early history of Mars.
Negative bending resistance of HPS70W girders

Abstract This paper investigates the influence of material and geometric parameters on the flexural behavior of I-girders fabricated from Grade 70W high performance steel. Three cross-section geometric parameters are considered: compression flange slenderness ( b fc /2 t fc ), web slenderness (2 D cp / t w ), and the ratio of the web depth to the compression flange width ( D / b fc ). Also, three material parameters are studied: the yield ratio ( F y / F u ), the ratio of the strain-hardening and yield strains ( ϵ st / ϵ y ), and the strain-hardening modulus ( E st ). The parametric studies are conducted using full non-linear shell finite element models of the hypothetical physical girders. The resulting moment–rotation curves obtained from these simulated experiments are compared with simplified moment–plastic rotation equations that have been developed in previous research, and with current AASHTO specification strength equations.
Nanoscale chemicals and materials Applications and market overview

This paper covers the markets of materials and chemicals that are produced in the size range of a few nanometers to about 100 nanometers, including carbon based nanomaterials, nanosize metallic materials, ceramic materials, polymeric nanomaterials, and solid polymeric nanospheres
PpsR, a Regulator of Heme and Bacteriochlorophyll Biosynthesis, Is a Heme-sensing Protein

Heme-mediated regulation, presented in many biological processes, is achieved in part with proteins containing heme regulatory motif. In this study, we demonstrate that FLAG-tagged PpsR isolated from Rhodobacter sphaeroides cells contains bound heme. In vitro heme binding studies with tagless apo-PpsR show that PpsR binds heme at a near one-to-one ratio with a micromolar binding constant. Mutational and spectral assays suggest that both the second Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) and DNA binding domains of PpsR are involved in the heme binding. Furthermore, we show that heme changes the DNA binding patterns of PpsR and induces different responses of photosystem genes expression. Thus, PpsR functions as both a redox and heme sensor to coordinate the amount of heme, bacteriochlorophyll, and photosystem apoprotein synthesis thereby providing fine tune control to avoid excess free tetrapyrrole accumulation.
A NOTE ON THE THEORY OF BLACK MARKETS UNDER PRICE CONTROLS

In a recent article in this Journal Browning and Culbertson (hereafter B-C) extended the theoretical investigation of the predicted effects of maximum price controls to the competitive firm and deduced an excess capacity result. In this note we extend their analysis to derive long-run adjustment paths for the industry for changes in market demand or control prices. The importance of such an extension is that the relevant industry adjustment path is different depending on whether one considers changes in the control price through such mechanisms as cost pass-throughs or through changes in industry demand. To make this extension meaningful, however, we must first consider the link between the firm and market diagrams in B-C's model. Section I is devoted to the analysis. Section II offers some concluding remarks.
Motoneurons deprived of trophic support in vitro require new gene expression to undergo programmed cell death

During normal development, large numbers of neurons die by programmed cell death. This phenomena has been extensively studied in the lateral motor column of chick embryos, where approximately 50% of the motoneurons that are initially produced, subsequently die due in part to competition for a limited supply of target-derived trophic support. Inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis block this cell loss in vivo, indicating a requirement for new gene expression (Oppenheim et al., 1990). Prior to their commitment to death, motoneurons can be isolated as a relatively pure population from chick spinal cord for in vitro study. Cells plated with muscle extract, a potent source of target-derived trophic support, survive, and have large, phase-bright cell bodies and extensive neurite outgrowth. In contrast, motoneurons cultured in the absence of muscle extract die within 48 h. This death can be blocked by the RNA synthesis inhibitor actinomycin D, at the time when the cells become committed to die, suggesting that new gene expression is required for cell death. DNA fragmentation and nuclear condensation indicate that some of these cells die by apoptosis. Therefore, it appears that many aspects of motoneuron development observed in vivo can be reconstituted in vitro. These cultures can be used as a model system for studying neuronal death and may contribute to an understanding of the molecular mechanisms that mediate programmed cell death during neuronal development.
The muscarinic M1 agonist xanomeline increases soluble amyloid precursor protein release from chinese hamster ovary-m1 cells

The functionally selective M1 agonist xanomeline, which is currently undergoing clinical trials as a therapy for Alzheimer's disease, was compared to the muscarinic agonist carbachol for effects on secretion of soluble amyloid precursor protein (APPs) from Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with the human m1 receptor (CHO-m1). Release of APPs from CHO-m1 cells was increased maximally (4-10 fold) by 100 microM carbachol (EC50 = 11 microM) and by 100 nM xanomeline (EC50 = 10 nM). Stimulation of APPs secretion by xanomeline and carbachol was blocked by preincubation with 1 microM atropine. Carbachol did not stimulate APPs secretion from non-transfected CHO cells. Pilocarpine at 1 mM also increased APPs release. The efficacy of carbachol, xanomeline and pilocarpine for stimulating APPs secretion did not differ significantly. Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) in m1 transfected cell lines by 1 microM phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu) increased APPs release, and this was inhibited 97% by the PKC inhibitor bisindolemalemide. The PKC inhibitor decreased xanomeline and carbachol-stimulated APPs secretion by only 25-30%. These results demonstrate that xanomeline increased APPs release by activation of m1 muscarinic receptors and support the possibility that cholinergic replacement therapy for Alzheimer's Disease may reduce amyloid deposition.
CREATING FICTION FOR WOMEN

This article describes how the contents of two magazines, Redbook and True Story, differ and how fiction is selected for publication. The main body of the article focuses on the writers, their differences and similarities, and how they fit in the commercial system to which they are essential. In conclusion, the role of fiction writers in providing popular culture in America, especially popular culture for women, is discussed.
Mechanisms Attenuating Cellular Responses to Neuropeptides: Extracellular Degradation of Ligands and Desensitization of Receptors

Neuropeptides make up one of the largest and functionally most diverse groups of signaling molecules. They exert their effects by interacting with members of the large family of G-protein-coupled receptors, which transmit information about the extracellular environment to the interior of the cell by interacting with the heterotrimeric G-proteins. Cellular responses to neuropeptides are usually rapidly attenuated. Mechanisms of signal attenuation include removal of peptides from the extracellular fluid and receptor desensitization. Peptides are removed from the extracellular fluid principally by enzymatic degradation by cell surface enzymes, exemplified by neutral endopeptidase. Receptor desensitization is mediated by receptor phosphorylation by G-protein receptor kinases and second messenger kinases, interaction of receptors with arrestins, and consequent receptor uncoupling from G-proteins. Peptides also induce endocytosis of their receptors, which may contribute to desensitization by depleting the cell surface of high-affinity receptors. Recycling and processing of internalized receptors, which include dissociation of receptors from their ligands and receptor dephosphorylation, contribute to resensitization of cellular responses. These regulatory mechanisms are important for they determine the ability of cells to respond to agonists, and defects may result in uncontrolled stimulation of cells, which could cause disease. A greater understanding of the processes that modulate signaling by neuropeptides may lead to the development of novel receptor antagonists and agonists and help to explain the mechanism of drug tolerance. Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings 2:69–75, 1997
Ice Nuclei, Total Aerosol, and Climatology at Mauna Loa, Hawaii

Abstract The simultaneous operation of two NCAR ice nuclei counters and an integrating nephelometer at Mauna Loa Observatory over a period of 9 months shows concentration changes in the ice nuclei population that vary in direct relation to the atmospheric light scattering coefficient. Furthermore, both of these atmospheric parameters are strongly correlated with local climatology. 1) lowest values of ice nuclei concentrations and Rayleigh scattering exist when subsiding air or a strong temperature inversion prevents the advection of sub-inversion air to the monitoring site; 2) an increased frequency of higher ice nuclei counts and Increased light scattering over a period of several hours are found when mesoscale atmospheric mixing occurs; and 3) the highest number of ice nuclei and maximum light scatter are encountered when a thermally induced air flow advects sub-inversion air to the Observatory site. These findings suggest the absence of extraterrestrial sources for light scattering and ice nucleating m...
Symbolic convergence and special communication theories: Sensing and examining dis/enchantment with the theoretical robustness of critical auto ethnography

This study answers 4 research questions as it explicates the SCT's ability to explain how special communication theories come into being as the product of rhetorical visions that contain the norms, conventions, and customs for exemplar participation in a specific communication style. This study demonstrates that the concept of rhetorical vision yields insights into the creation, rise, and potential for demise of a style‐specific, special theory of communication named the critical autoethnography special theory (CAST). The study reports that the CAST itself is a symbolically created product of the critical autoethnographic rhetorical vision (CARV). The study's findings indicate that CARV's life‐cycle is congruent with those of other rhetorical visions and would predict that the CARV may well implode upon itself as it contains the seeds of its own destruction.
Alterations of hepatic drug metabolism in mice following infection with the murine retrovirus LP-BM5

Infection of mice with the murine retrovirus mixture LP-BM5 caused a retroviral infection with many similarities to human HIV infection. We have reported alterations in hepatic drug metabolism which progressed during the course of this infection. Hexobarbital-induced sleep time increased 1.5-2.2-fold above uninfected controls after 10 to 19 weeks post infection. Inhibition of spectral cytochrome P-450 levels by 25 to 30% was observed between 15 and 17 weeks post-infection, and there were changes in specific microsomal enzyme activities. The microsomal cocaine demethylase activity was reduced by 40%, whereas cytosolic enzyme activities were increased by 1.5-2.0-fold. These alterations may contribute to the altered metabolism of drugs of abuse reported in MAIDS mice. The mechanism for these alterations is not known, although the effects correspond temporally to reported infiltration of the liver with immunoblasts and plasma cells. This suggests a role for the immune system or for mediators released by cells of the immune system which could account for these observations. An understanding of the effects of infection on drug metabolism is important because of their impact on the efficacy and safety of drugs for use in AIDS patients).
k -parametrizable algebras

Parametrizable algebras are thoseA for which in every powerA n (n) cardinal), the solution set of any system of polynomial equationsφ i (x1,x2,...)=ψ i (x1, x2,...) is a union of (parametric) images of polynomial mappingsA m →A n . This is equivalent [7] toA 's being projective in the smallest variety to which it belongs. This paper introducesk-parametrizable algebras, defined similarly withn ≤ k. The property is related to projectiveness of suitable subalgebras, and its variation withk is studied inM-sets, in abelian groups, and in a few examples constructed or selected to prove a point. There is a 1-parametrizable, in fact parametrizable, finite group in which not all solution sets are unions of 1-parameter sets. All Boolean algebras areω-parametrizable, but notω1-; it is unknown whether when all algebras in a variety areω1-parametrizable, they are all parametrizable.
Guidelines for Conducting and Reporting Meta-Analyses

As meta-analytic methods are being applied to an ever wider variety of research domains, it is becoming apparent that researchers need more guidance than is currently available to produce replicabl...
The thermodynamics of protein folding: a critique of widely used quasi-thermodynamic interpretations and a restatement based on the Gibbs–Duhem relation and consistent with the Phase Rule

Interpretations of data in the extensive literature on the unfolding of proteins in aqueous solution follow a variety of methods involving assumptions leading to estimates of thermodynamic quantities associated with the unfolding transition. Inconsistencies and thermodynamic errors in these methods are identified. Estimates of standard molar free energies and enthalpies of unfolding using incompletely defined equilibrium constants and the van't Hoff relation are unsound, and typically contradict model-free interpretation of the data. A widely used routine for estimating the change in heat capacity associated with unfolding based on changes in the unfolding temperature and enthalpy co-induced by addition of denaturant or protective additives is thermodynamically incorrect by neglect of the Phase Rule. Many models and simulations predicting thermodynamic measures of unfolding are presently making comparisons with insecure quantities derived by incorrect thermodynamic analyses of experimental data. Analysis of unfolding via the Gibbs-Duhem equation with the correct Phase Rule constraints avoids the assumptions associated with incomplete equilibrium constants and misuse of the van't Hoff relation, and applies equally to positive, negative, sitewise or diffuse solute binding to the protein. The method gives the necessary relations between the thermodynamic parameters for thermal and isothermal unfolding and is developed for the case of two-state unfolding. The differences in binding of denaturants or stabilizers to the folded and unfolded forms of the protein are identified as major determinants of the unfolding process. The Phase Rule requires the temperature and enthalpy of unfolding to depend generally on the protein concentration. The available evidence bears out this expectation for thermal unfolding, indicating that protein-protein interactions influence folding. A parallel dependence of the denaturant concentrations for isothermal unfolding on the protein concentration is anticipated. The degree of unfolding as measured by UV, CD, fluorescence and other non-calorimetric methods may not show the same temperature and concentration ranges for unfolding among themselves or as compared to DSC or isothermal calorimetry. Such disparities indicate distinct stages in unfolding detectable by particular methods.
2008 Presidential Campaign Media Predictors: Interest, Issue Knowledge and Candidate Likeability

This study examined the role of viewing debates and other media during the 2008 presidential campaigns with political interest, issue knowledge, and candidate evaluation. Watching presidential debates was a strong and consistent predictor of learning candidate issue knowledge, being interested in political affairs, holding positive evaluations of Obama, and holding negative evaluations of McCain. Web news use predicted campaign interest and holding positive views of Obama and negative ones of McCain. Exposure to print news increased campaign interest but lowered candidate issue knowledge. Also, newspaper reading led to increased Obama positive evaluations while lowering his negative ones. Future studies investigating political information are encouraged to focus on specific types of online activities and their interaction with more traditional campaign elements.
Unitarity potentials and neutron matter at the unitary limit

We study the equation of state of neutron matter using a family of unitarity potentials, all of which are constructed to have infinite ${}^{1}{S}_{0}$ scattering lengths ${a}_{s}$. For such a system, a quantity of much interest is the ratio $\ensuremath{\xi}={E}_{0}/{E}_{0}^{\mathrm{free}}$, where ${E}_{0}$ is the true ground-state energy of the system and ${E}_{0}^{\mathrm{free}}$ is that for the noninteracting system. In the limit of ${a}_{s}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\ensuremath{\infty}$, often referred to as the unitary limit, this ratio is expected to approach a universal constant, namely $\ensuremath{\xi}~0.44(1)$. In the present work we calculate this ratio $\ensuremath{\xi}$ using a family of hard-core square-well potentials whose ${a}_{s}$ can be exactly obtained, thus enabling us to have many potentials of different ranges and strengths, all with infinite ${a}_{s}$. We have also calculated $\ensuremath{\xi}$ using a unitarity CDBonn potential obtained by slightly scaling its meson parameters. The ratios $\ensuremath{\xi}$ given by these different unitarity potentials are all close to each other and also remarkably close to 0.44, suggesting that the above ratio $\ensuremath{\xi}$ is indifferent to the details of the underlying interactions as long as they have infinite scattering length. A sum-rule and scaling constraint for the renormalized low-momentum interaction in neutron matter at the unitary limit is studied. The importance of pairing in our all-order ring diagram and model-space HF calculations of neutron matter is discussed.
A FORTRAN program for numerical solution of the Altarelli-Parisi equations by the Laguerre method

We review the Laguerre method for solving the Altarelli-Parisi equations. The Laguerre method allows one to expand quark/parton distributions and splitting functions in orthonormal polynomials. The desired quark distributions are themselves expanded in terms of evolution operators, and we derive the integrodifferential equations satisfied by the evolution operators. We give relevant equations for both flavor nonsinglet and singlet distributions, for both spin-independent and spin-dependent distributions. We discuss stability and accuracy of the results using this method. For intermediate values of Bjorken x(0.03<x<0.7), one can obtain accurate results with a modest number of Laguerre polynomials (N≈20); we discuss requirements for convergence also for the regions of large or small x. A FORTRAN program is provided which implements the Laguerre method; test results are given for both the spin-independent and spin-dependent cases.
Removal of oxide contamination from TiB2 powders

Commerical TiB/sub 2/ powders from the carbothermic process are invariably contaminated with oxygen. Contamination is usually caused by surface oxidation during grinding or comminution. Surface oxide contamination, which commonly occurs in fine TiB/sub 2/ powders and affects their properties, can be removed by treatment with BCl/sub 3/(g) at 650/sup 0/C.
Movement of a factor in tobacco infected with Peronospora tabacina Adam which systemically protects against blue mold

Abstract Stem inoculation of Burley tobacco with sporangia of the blue mold pathogen, Peronospora tabacina, elicited high systemic resistance in the foliage against disease caused by subsequent inoculation with the pathogen. Girdling the stem above the site of inoculation prior to 9 days after stem inoculation prevented the elicitation of resistance, whereas girdling below the site did not. Increased growth (height, number of leaves, reduced time to flowering) was observed in ungirdled, stem-inoculated plants, plants stem-inoculated and girdled above the site of inoculation at day 6 or later and in plants stem-inoculated and girdled below the site of stem inoculation. The factor responsible for resistance did not precent penetration by the fungus, and it may or may not be the factor responsible for enhanced growth. The resistance factor was graft transmissible between rootstock and scion. Induced scions (10 cm in length), when grafted onto control rootstocks, developed into fully grown plants that remained systemically protected against blue mold.
Media Literacy, "Thinking Television," and African American Communication:

This essay is a critical, reflexive engagement with the practice, politics and pedagogy of a student centered media literacy project titled `thinking television.` Written as a theoretical diagnostic, the essay examines the project's value-providing a new vocabulary for democratic communication-and drawbacks, the restrictive nature of narrative possibilities around race in the student projects.
Long-term health status and quality of life outcomes of lung transplant recipients.

Study objective Health status and quality of life (QOL) in lung transplant candidates and recipients were compared to determine the impact of transplantation, and whether recipients experience continued improvements in the years after transplant surgery. Design Two patient groups, adult lung transplant candidates (n=44) and adult lung transplant recipients (n=54), completed self-report QOL questionnaires. Eighteen of the 54 recipients completed QOL questionnaires on two occasions, about 18 months apart, after lung transplant. The questionnaire included the Medical Outcome Study Health Survey (MOS 20) that assesses six dimensions of health-related QOL: physical, role and social function, mental health, health perceptions and bodily pain, as well as a self-report Karnofsky Index and other indicators of QOL. Setting University medical center transplant service. Results Compared with candidates, recipients reported higher levels of happiness and more satisfaction with their life and their health. They also reported better function on the Kamofsky Index and in every MOS 20 dimension (p Conclusions Dramatic improvements in health status and QOL occur after successful lung transplant and remain stable over time. Obliterative bronchiolitis results in notable QOL reductions.
Echocardiography in Chronic Rheumatic Mitral Valve Disease

In chronic rheumatic disease, echocardiography has proved to be a reliable method for obtaining information about the mitral valve which is not as readily available by other methods. Since the surgical approach to mitral valve disease is now commonplace, this technique of preoperative assessment is of enhanced interest. This paper will set forth some current views on the utility of the echocardiogram in the evaluation of rheumatic mitral valve disease.
Beauty Revisited: The impact of attractiveness, ability, and personality in the assessment of employment suitability

This study examined the relative weight that hiring managers place on applicants’ attractiveness, general mental ability (GMA), and the Big Five personality dimensions in assessing employment suitability for high and low customer contact positions. A sample of 130 managers from 43 hotel properties in the United States and Canada evaluated applicant profiles that varied on these dimensions. The policy capturing results demonstrated that attractiveness does impact employment suitability ratings across positions. However, attractiveness is valued less than GMA and conscientiousness. The attractiveness weight was greater in the evaluation of high customer contact positions, suggesting that attractiveness may be perceived as more job-relevant for positions where employees interact extensively with people outside the organization. These findings are discussed along with implications for practice and future research attention.
Straightness and flatness tolerance evaluation: an optimization approach

This paper presents an optimization approach that could be used to calculate exact values of straightness and flatness errors as defined by the ANSI Y14.5M standards on geometric dimensioning and tolerancing. The straightness and flatness error evaluation problems are formulated as nonlinear optimization problems with linear objective function and nonlinear constraints. Because of the special structure of the problem, a linear search method is developed that reduces the nonlinear problem to a linear programming problem with only two constraints. Examples are presented to compare the optimization approach with the least-squares method and some exact methods. The results show that the optimization procedures presented in this paper provide exact values of straightness and flatness errors and are superior to the existing methods in terms of computation time.
Simulation and rapid prototyping environment for underwater acoustic communications: reconfigurable modem

Acoustic communications and networking research depends heavily on validation of the proposed algorithms through experiments. These experiments are usually carried out by off-line processing of data recorded in real channels. In this paper, we present a new simulation and rapid prototyping environment called the reconfigurable modem (rModem). The rModem can model acoustic communication and networking systems, simulate the system behavior, and generate C code based on the system model that can be run on a DSP board for real-time experimental studies.
Technology Becomes the Object: The Use of Electronic Media at the National Museum of the American Indian

The inaugural exhibits created for the National Museum of the American Indian (NMAI) in Washington DC were met with emotive public debates as to their success or failure to change the ways in which Native American cultures are portrayed in the USA. These debates, however, overlooked the significance of the use of electronic media in the NMAI galleries, their effect on the role of material culture and the subsequent shifts in how the collections were not only displayed, but also experienced by visitors. This inquiry draws on these exhibits for a re-examination of the categories of art/artefact and original/duplicate, exploring how electronic media has transformed the interpretation of the museum `object'. It employs interviews with NMAI staff to discuss the history and philosophy underlying the introduction of electronic media, and with visitors to contextualize these changes in the interpretation of collections from a broader perspective. In conclusion, it considers the confluence of Native, postcolonial ...
Immunosuppression by L-asparaginase.

IN 1953 Kidd1 discovered that the growth of certain murine lymphomas is inhibited by the administration of guinea-pig serum. Broome2 found the suppressive factor to be L-asparaginase, an enzyme widely distributed in nature but present in serum only in guinea-pigs and in rodents of the superfamily Cavioidea3. Tumours affected by L-asparaginase are unable to synthesize L-asparagine, an amino-acid considered non-essential for normal tissues4–6. The neoplasms, it is thought, are killed when their stores of L-asparagine are depleted by the action of L-asparaginase. The discovery of L-asparaginase-resistant variants of sensitive tumours that have sufficient L-asparagine synthetase to free them of dependence on exogenous L-asparagine supports this idea7. Because normal cells have been considered independent of exogenous L-asparagine, and thus resistant to the enzyme, a tumour-specific killing effect is possible with L-asparaginase. Indeed, dramatic results have been observed follow ing treatment with L-asparaginase of mice with established leukaemia8 and dogs with advanced lymphosarcoma9. Clinical trials with the enzyme are now proceeding10,11. The work to be described here shows that, in addition to its anti-tumour effects, L-asparaginase is immunosuppressive in the mouse.
Rules of thumb for deselecting, relocating, and retaining bound journals

Purpose – Like many other academic libraries, Joyner Library at East Carolina University has experienced pressure in recent years to convert stacks space to other uses. The rise of electronic collections coupled with the changing perception of libraries from book warehouses to service points forces librarians to rethink their collection management strategies, concomitantly reducing print collections. The purpose of this article is to recommend specific strategies that will assist librarians engaged in a large‐scale deselection project.Design/methodology/approach – First, librarians, staff, and graduate assistants developed a workflow to examine print journals for which the library has online archival holdings in order to de‐duplicate the collection. Librarians also determined which titles might be stored based on some online availability and length of print run. Third, librarians led a subject‐based review to determine which titles should be retained in the general circulating collections.Findings – Exami...
Toward the simulation of complex 3D shear flows using unsteady statistical turbulence models

Recent progress in the numerical simulation of complex, 3D incompressible flows with unsteady statistical turbulence models is reviewed. A second-order accurate, overset grid, numerical method is developed for carrying out unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) and detached-eddy simulations (DES) of flows in complex multi-connected domains. Results are reported for three test cases: (1) flow in a channel with four bottom-mounted rectangular piers; (2) flow in a channel with a corner-mounted rectangular block; and (3) flow in a strongly curved rectangular bend. Comparisons between the computed results and laboratory measurements and flow visualization experiments lead to the conclusion that even relatively simple turbulence closure models (such as the standard k–e model or the one-equation Spalart–Allmaras model) can simulate complex, 3D flows dominated by geometryinduced, large-scale instabilities and unsteady coherent structures with reasonable accuracy. The results for the curved duct case further show that exciting and resolving directly with unsteady statistical turbulence models the low-frequency, large-scale, vortical rolls in a concave wall boundary layer is critical prerequisite for simulating the dramatic effects of concave curvature on the structure
On the role of fractional calculus in electromagnetic theory

We have applied the concept of fractional derivatives/integrals in several specific electromagnetic problems, and have obtained promising results and ideas that demonstrate that these mathematical operators can be interesting and useful tools in electromagnetic theory. We give a brief review of the general principles, definitions, and several features of fractional derivatives/integrals, and then we review some of our ideas and findings in exploring potential applications of fractional calculus in some electromagnetic problems.
Unified multi-antenna code design for fading channels with spatio-temporal correlations

A unified framework for multiple antenna space-time coding is presented leading to a general code design criterion valid for arbitrary spatial and temporal fading correlations. This framework provides insights into the effect of each of spatial and temporal correlations on space-time code design. The single code design expression encompasses quasi-static, fast fading, multiple block fading and other general correlations in the temporal dimension as well as arbitrary rank correlations in the spatial dimension. The general coding strategy proposed consists of pre-coding a space-time code with its size determined by the rank of transmit correlation, the structure determined by the Cholesky factorization of the temporal correlation and the precoding matrix obtained from the eigenvectors of the transmit correlation.
The effects of part-task and whole-task instructional approaches on acquisition and transfer of a complex cognitive skill

This study was designed to investigate the effects of two instructional approaches (whole-task versus part-task) and two levels of learner prior knowledge (lower versus higher) on learner acquisition and transfer of a complex cognitive skill. Participants were 51 undergraduate pre-service teachers. In the part-task condition, a complex skill (preparing a grade book using Excel) was decomposed into a series of smaller tasks, each of which was demonstrated and practiced separately. In the whole-task condition, which was based on the 4C/ID-model (van Merrienboer 1997), learners were exposed to the entire complex skill from the beginning of the instruction and were required to practice performing a series of whole tasks throughout the unit. Results indicated that the whole-task group performed significantly better than the part-task group on a skill acquisition test and a transfer test. Possible reasons for these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Picture this: preferences for image search

We demonstrate a system designed to elicit relative relevance judgments from users to rank images with respect to an image query. The system has been deployed and in use publicly for approximately one year. Furthermore, preference data collected from the users has been made available for research purposes. Further details regarding research on this system is available from Bennett et al. [1].
Cardiac depression by haloalkane propellants, solvents, and inhalation anesthetics in rabbits.

Abstract A total of 40 closed chested, pentobarbital-anesthetized, and spontaneously breathing rabbits were given 1.5-min inhalation exposures to 5 % concentrations of halothane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, fluorocarbon 11 (trichlorofluoromethane), fluorocarbon 12 (dichlorodifluoromethane), chloroform, or dichloromethane. Peak left ventricular (LV) dP dt , LV systolic pressure, and cardiac output were depressed by exposure to each compound and were not accompanied by significant changes in heart rate or LV end-diastolic pressure. Fluorocarbon 11, halothane, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane inhalation also depressed mean arterial pressure. A ranking of the magnitude of these effects showed that fluorocarbon 12 and dichloromethane generally had less effect on cardiac output and LV function than other compounds studied. As cardiac depressants, fluorocarbon 11 and 1,1,1-trichloroethane appeared to be as potent as halothane.
Action Reaction Learning: Automatic Visual Analysis and Synthesis of Interactive Behaviour

We propose Action-Reaction Learning as an approach for analyzing and synthesizing human behaviour. This paradigm uncovers causal mappings between past and future events or between an action and its reaction by observing time sequences. We apply this method to analyze human interaction and to subsequently synthesize human behaviour. Using a time series of perceptual measurements, a system automatically discovers correlations between past gestures from one human participant (action) and a subsequent gesture (reaction) from another participant. A probabilistic model is trained from data of the human interaction using a novel estimation technique, Conditional Expectation Maximization (CEM). The estimation uses general bounding and maximization to monotonically find the maximum conditional likelihood solution. The learning system drives a graphical interactive character which probabilistically predicts a likely response to a user's behaviour and performs it interactively. Thus, after analyzing human interaction in a pair of participants, the system is able to replace one of them and interact with a single remaining user.
A re-examination of the traveling wave interaction

A re-examination of the traveling wave interaction (in the helix traveling wave tube and the free-electron laser) is performed using three-dimensional linear stability analyses for an idealized annular electron beam model in order to investigate the validity of the well-known scaling laws in which the gain varies as the cube (fourth) root of the current when space-charge effects are negligible (dominant). The results indicate that these scaling laws are simplistic generalizations which break down for broad bandwidth interactions, and that the actual variation of the pain, with the current can be more complex. A three-dimensional nonlinear analysis of a free-electron laser using a more realistic electron beam model is also discussed in which these scaling laws are also shown to break down,. >
On modeling our understanding of the practice fields

Abstract Our understanding of the kinds of knowledge demanded for the practice fields is intimately connected to a broader set of ideas linking practice, inquiry, and learning. This article aims to illustrate two mental models or frameworks, each of which carries different assumptions about the meaning of practice, knowledge, inquiry and learning.
Role of Secretory Carrier Membrane Protein SCAMP2 in Granule Exocytosis

In secretory carrier membrane proteins (SCAMPs), the most conserved structural segment is between transmembrane spans 2 and 3, facing the cytosol. A synthetic peptide, CWYRPIYKAFR (E peptide), from this segment of SCAMP2 potently inhibits exocytosis in permeabilized neuroendocrine (PC12) cells. E peptide blocked discharge of (35)S-labeled secretogranin with the same structural selectivity and potency as observed for hexosaminidase secretion in mast cells. SCAMPs 1 and 2 are concentrated primarily on intracellular membranes in PC12 cells. Both, however, are found on plasma membranes, but neither is present on large dense-core vesicles. Yet, large dense-core vesicles marked by secretogranin attach to plasma membranes at foci containing SCAMP2 along with syntaxin1 and complexin at putative cell-surface docking/fusion sites. Regulated overexpression of SCAMP2 with point mutations in its E peptide but not of normal SCAMP2 caused dose-dependent inhibition of depolarization-induced secretion. The SCAMP2 mutants also inhibited secretion stimulated by elevated calcium. Inhibition was largely overcome by adding lysophosphatidylcholine to the medium at concentrations that do not otherwise affect secretion. Although overexpression of normal or mutant SCAMP2 slightly inhibits endocytosis, this effect does not appear to be related to the specific effect of the mutant SCAMP on stimulated exocytosis. Thus, SCAMP2 not only colocalizes with fusion sites but also appears to have an essential function in granule exocytosis through actions mediated by its E peptide-containing domain.
Clusterin gene transcription is activated by caudal-related homeobox genes in intestinal epithelium.

Caudal-related homeobox (Cdx) proteins play an important role in development and differentiation of the intestinal epithelium. Using cDNA differential display, we identified clusterin as a prominen...