cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interface, information, interaction: a narrative review of design and functional requirements for clinical decision support.

Objective Provider acceptance and associated patient outcomes are widely discussed in the evaluation of clinical decision support systems (CDSSs), but critical design criteria for tools have generally been overlooked. The objective of this work is to inform electronic health record alert optimization and clinical practice workflow by identifying, compiling, and reporting design recommendations for CDSS to support the efficient, effective, and timely delivery of high-quality care. Material and methods A narrative review was conducted from 2000 to 2016 in PubMed and The Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society to identify papers that discussed/recommended design features of CDSSs that are associated with the success of these systems. Results Fourteen papers were included as meeting the criteria and were found to have a total of 42 unique recommendations; 11 were classified as interface features, 10 as information features, and 21 as interaction features. Discussion Features are defined and described, providing actionable guidance that can be applied to CDSS development and policy. To our knowledge, no reviews have been completed that discuss/recommend design features of CDSS at this scale, and thus we found that this was important for the body of literature. The recommendations identified in this narrative review will help to optimize design, organization, management, presentation, and utilization of information through presentation, content, and function. The designation of 3 categories (interface, information, and interaction) should be further evaluated to determine the critical importance of the categories. Future work will determine how to prioritize them with limited resources for designers and developers in order to maximize the clinical utility of CDSS. Conclusion This review will expand the field of knowledge and provide a novel organization structure to identify key recommendations for CDSS.
Manipulation planning with directed reachable volumes

Motion planning for manipulators with rotational joints is challenging because the actuation range for each link is constrained by the placement and orientation of other links. Thus, finding paths that avoid self-collision is non-trivial. However, rotational joints are often used in industrial robots. We develop a reparameterization of the planning problem called directed reachable volumes that provides an explicit representation of the workspace regions that the joints and end effectors can reach given the placement and orientation of other links. This formulation, while similar in spirit to prior reachable volume work, does not rely on the same restrictive assumptions that preclude prior work from handling rotational joints. We provide primitive planning operations that can be used in the context of state-of-the-art motion planning methods. We present experimental validation of directed reachable volumes by demonstrating a simulated pick-and-place scenario using realistic robots with rotational joints.
The role of perceived effectiveness in home security choices

Some research has examined the factors that influence whether individuals take precautions against crime, while other work has explored residents’ perceptions about what effectively protects homes from burglary. However, prior studies have not assessed whether the perceived effectiveness of a protective measure affects the likelihood of its use. The present study explored that question using data from a mail survey; other independent variables included fear, perceived risk, prior victimization, and demographic factors. The analyses indicated that perceived effectiveness was the most frequently significant predictor, while other variables were generally insignificant.
Determinants of the receipt of the 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine in the first year after introduction in North Carolina.

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to describe the transition from bi- and quadrivalent HPV vaccines to 9vHPV in aggregate and identify determinants of the receipt of 9vHPV among youth following the introduction of 9vHPV in North Carolina. Methods The study used a retrospective cohort design with data from the North Carolina Immunization Registry (NCIR). Our sample included all doses of HPV vaccine administered between July 2015 and October 2016 to age-eligible youth (ages 9–17). We used a logistic regression model to associate individual child-level and ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA)-level characteristics with an indicator variable for receiving 9vHPV (vs. other HPV vaccines). Results Youth receiving the HPV vaccine were more likely to receive 9vHPV if they lived in a ZCTA with a larger age-eligible (i.e., 9–17) population, a health professional shortage area, or a higher number of annual outpatient visits per capita. They were less likely to receive 9vHPV if they were older, received a publicly-funded dose, or lived in a ZCTA with a higher percentage of the population with less than a high-school education or a higher number of religious organizations. Conclusions While the transition from other HPV vaccines to 9vHPV was relatively quick, there were disparities in the diffusion of 9vHPV across North Carolina.
Sum and Mean

Two computer programs in use for over a decade in the Nuclear Methods Group at NIST illustrate the utility of standard software: programs widely available and widely used, in which (ideally) welltested public algorithms produce results that are well understood, and thereby capable of comparison, within the community of users.Sum interactively computes the position, net area, and uncertainty of the area of spectral peaks, and can give better results than automatic peak search programs when peaks are very small, very large, or unusually shaped.Mean combines unequal measurements of a single quantity, tests for consistency, and obtains the weighted mean and six measures of its uncertainty.
Predictability Issues in Mixed-Criticality Real-Time Systems

Timing predictability is an explicit requirement for many safety-critical real-time systems. In building such systems, this requirement is typically met by establishing, to an appropriate level of assurance, that salient run-time temporal properties of the system being designed can be accurately predicted prior to run-time. But what of real-time systems supporting multiple functionalities that are not all equally critical? In such systems, it may suffice to establish the timing predictability of less critical functionalities to lower levels of assurance than is needed for highly critical functionalities. We examine the implications of this fact on the deterministic modeling of real-time systems, and explore means for exploiting it in order to achieve more resource-efficient implementations of mixed-criticality real-time systems.
Timing is everything: a quantitative study of presidentialist regime dynamics in Eurasia, 1992–2016

ABSTRACTWhy do some countries with presidentialist constitutions feature more political closure than others at a given time? A quantitative study of post-Soviet countries since independence finds that much of the observed variation in political closure reflects timing, or the particular point at which a country happens to be within a regime cycle, rather than structural or other factors usually cited to explain regime change. Specifically, how much time a president has had to coordinate rivalrous networks around his or her authority is at least as strong a predictor of the level of regime closure as are economic development, economic growth, resource rents, proximity to Europe, and key cultural factors, even when controlling for the level of closure in the preceding year. This pattern is not found among countries with divided-executive constitutions, indicating it is related to the constitution rather than a general phenomenon.
Rethinking the Assignment of Ideological Direction: Concept Measurement in Modern U.S. Supreme Court Free Expression Decisions

Recently, scholars have developed and debated an account of the U.S. Supreme Court’s First Amendment freedom of expression agenda that connects the ideological identity of the speaker to the justic...
An integrated model for position-based productivity and energy costs optimization in offices

Abstract In shared spaces, occupants may have varied thermal and visual preferences for the indoor environmental conditions. Moreover, an occupant's perception of the indoor environment, such as her thermal and visual sensations, depends on her position inside an enclosed space. There is a strong relationship between occupants’ comfort conditions and their level of productivity, hence, improving the productivity of occupants in offices offers significant economic benefits. The main interest of this research is to propose a Multi-Objective Optimization (MOOP) method for position-based energy and comfort management in offices. The proposed method accounts for personalized thermal and visual preferences of occupants and their positions within an office space, and simultaneously optimizes energy consumption costs and collective productivity of office workers, by proposing Pareto optimal solutions for the automated control of the indoor environment. Occupants’ thermal and visual preferences and positions, their productivity rates, thermal and visual behavior, Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) of the space, energy exchanges processes across the building, indoor and outdoor environmental parameters, and energy prices, are considered in this optimization. Application of the proposed method under varied occupancy scenarios is analyzed by energy performance simulation of a multi-zone office building, located in Montreal, Canada. The proposed method (1) has the flexibility to account for the diversity among occupants’ environmental preferences, (2) manages the indoor environmental conditions based on office workers’ positions and preferences, and (3) simultaneously optimizes energy costs and office workers’ productivity.
Quasi-chemical theory for anion hydration and specific ion effects: Cl - (aq) vs.F - (aq)

Abstract Anion hydration is complicated by H-bond between neighboring water molecules in addition to H-bond donation to the anion. This situation leads to competing structures and anharmonic vibrations for simple clusters like ( H 2 O ) n Cl - . This study applies quasi-chemical theory to study anion hydration and exploits dynamics calculations on isolated clusters to account for anharmonicity. Comparing singly hydrated halide clusters, classic H-bond donation to the anion occurs for F - , while Cl - clusters exhibit flexible dipole-dominated interactions. The predicted Cl - – F - hydration free energy difference agrees with experiment, a significant theoretical step for addressing issues like Hofmeister ranking and selectivity in ion channels.
The Future of Wearables in Heart Failure Patients.

The adoption of mobile health (mHealth) devices is creating a unique opportunity to improve heart failure (HF) care. The rise of mHealth is driven by multiple factors including consumerism, policy changes in health care, and innovations in technology. Wearable health devices are one aspect of mHealth that may improve the delivery of HF care by allowing for medical data collection outside of a clinician's office or hospital. Wearable devices are externally applied and capture functional or physiological data in order to monitor and improve patients' health. Most wearable sensors capture data continuously and may be incorporated into accessories (e.g., a watch or clothing) or may be applied as a cutaneous patch. Wearable devices are often paired with another device, such as a smartphone, to collect, interpret, or transmit data. This study assessed the potential applications of wearable devices in HF care, summarizes available data for wearables, and discusses the future of wearables for improving the health of patients with HF.
Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds using a Single Transistor Terahertz Detector Implemented in Standard BiCMOS Technology

Terahertz (THz) wave absorption spectroscopy has distinct advantages over other methods for the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this paper, we present an integrated plasma wave field effect transistor (FET) detector for THz wave radiation, implemented in absorption spectroscopy sensing of VOCs. The usable frequency range of the detector is 225-255 GHz and is limited by the bandwidth of the receiving stacked patch antenna. The rotational gas spectra for a simple Volatile Organic Compound, methanol (CH 3 OH) is demonstrated as a proof of concept and the absorption spectrum is compared to a commercially available Schottky diode detector.
ETEA cumple 50 años

This note presents synthetically the history of institution ETEA (Cordoba) on the occasion of its ﬁftieth anniversary (1963–2013) and, from it, a brief consideration of its educational and social mission, to which characterizes as “outreach mission”, emphasizing especially two aspects: agricultural research and the University human community that has existed in the institution in this period.
Evaluation of a Culturally Tailored Educational Video Intervention to Promote Bike Helmet Safety for Urban Children: A Pilot Study

Bicycle-related falls are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity. Use of bicycle helmets substantially reduces risk of severe traumatic brain injury but compliance with this safety practice is particularly low in urban children. Given the lack of educational interventions for urban youth, our research team created a youth-informed, culturally relevant educational video on bike helmet safety, which was informed by focus groups with Baltimore City youth. This video, You Make the Call, linked the concept of use of cases to protect phones to use of helmets to protect heads and can be viewed at http://bit.ly/2Kr7UCN. The impact of the video as part of an intervention (coupled with a free helmet, fit instructions, and a parent guidance document) was tested with 20 parent-child dyads. The majority (80%) of youth (mean age 9.9 ± 1.8 years) reported not owning or wearing a helmet. At 1-month follow-up (n = 12, 60% response rate), helmet use was higher in the five youth reporting bike-riding after the intervention; 100% "always" used helmets compared to 0% preintervention. There were increases in youth reporting that parents required helmet use (35% pre vs. 67% post) and that is was possible to fall when bike-riding (60% pre vs. 92% post). These pilot results support the use of this video and educational intervention along with further evaluation in a larger sample size. This youth-informed and culturally tailored approach could be explored as a strategy to address other pediatric injury topics.
Template copy number and the sensitivity of quantitative PCR for Plasmodium falciparum in asymptomatic individuals

The identification of asymptomatic individuals with Plasmodium falciparum infection is difficult because they do not seek medical treatment and often have too few asexual parasites detectable using microscopy or rapid diagnostic tests (≤ 200 parasites per μl). Quantitative PCR (qPCR) may provide greater sensitivity and permits estimation of the initial template DNA concentration. This study examined the hypothesis that qPCR assays using templates with higher copy numbers may be more sensitive for P. falciparum than assays based on templates with lower copy numbers. To test this hypothesis, ten qPCR assays for DNA sequences with template copy numbers from 1 to 160 were compared using parasite DNA standards (n = 2) and smear-positive filter paper blots from asymptomatic smear-positive subjects (n = 96). Based on the testing of P. falciparum parasite DNA standards and filter paper blots, cycle threshold values decreased as the concentrations of template DNA and template copy numbers increased (p < 0.001). Likewise, the analytical and clinical sensitivities of qPCR assays for P. falciparum DNA (based on DNA standards and filter paper blots, respectively) increased with template copy number. Despite the gains in clinical sensitivity from increased template copy numbers, qPCR assays failed to detect more than half of the filter paper blots with low parasite densities (≤ 200 asexual parasites per μl). These results confirm the hypothesis that the sensitivity of qPCR for P. falciparum in the blood of individuals with asymptomatic infection increases with template copy number. However, because even the most sensitive qPCR assays (with template copy numbers from 32 to 160) detected fewer than 50% of infections with ≤ 200 asexual parasites per μl, the sensitivity of qPCR must be increased further to identify all smear-positive, asymptomatic individuals in order to interrupt transmission.
Room-temperature neutron and X-ray data collection of 3CL Mpro from SARS-CoV-2

The replication of SARS-CoV-2 produces two large polyproteins, pp1a and pp1ab, that are inactive until cleavage by the viral chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease enzyme (3CL Mpro) into a series of smaller functional proteins. At the heart of 3CL Mpro is an unusual catalytic dyad formed by the side chains of His41 and Cys145 and a coordinated water molecule. The catalytic mechanism by which the enzyme operates is still unknown, as crucial information on the protonation states within the active site is unclear. To experimentally determine the protonation states of the catalytic site and of the other residues in the substrate-binding cavity, and to visualize the hydrogen-bonding networks throughout the enzyme, room-temperature neutron and X-ray data were collected from a large H/D-exchanged crystal of ligand-free (apo) 3CL Mpro.
Generating Adversarial Samples on Multivariate Time Series using Variational Autoencoders

Classification models for multivariate time series have drawn the interest of many researchers to the field with the objective of developing accurate and efficient models. However, limited research has been conducted on generating adversarial samples for multivariate time series classification models. Adversarial samples could become a security concern in systems with complex sets of sensors. This study proposes extending the existing gradient adversarial transformation network (GATN) in combination with adversarial autoencoders to attack multivariate time series classification models. The proposed model attacks classification models by utilizing a distilled model to imitate the output of the multivariate time series classification model. In addition, the adversarial generator function is replaced with a variational autoencoder to enhance the adversarial samples. The developed methodology is tested on two multivariate time series classification models: 1-nearest neighbor dynamic time warping (1-NN DTW) and a fully convolutional network (FCN). This study utilizes 30 multivariate time series benchmarks provided by the University of East Anglia (UEA) and University of California Riverside (UCR). The use of adversarial autoencoders shows an increase in the fraction of successful adversaries generated on multivariate time series. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore adversarial attacks on multivariate time series. Additionally, we recommend future research utilizing the generated latent space from the variational autoencoders.
Effects of Farm Location on Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus Levels in Oysters after Desiccation and Resubmersion in the Northern Gulf of Mexico.

ABSTRACT Desiccation is a routine farming practice used in off-bottom oyster aquaculture to reduce biofouling organisms and improve shell quality. This practice can increase Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus levels, leading to increased risk of illness for raw oyster consumers. Previous resubmersion studies were performed in geographic proximity to one another, so to better understand the broader applicability of resubmersion, the next step was to perform concurrent studies in multiple geographic locations within a region. This study evaluated the effect of variations in geographic location on the recovery time needed for elevated vibrio levels to return to ambient levels in desiccated oysters after resubmersion at Gulf Coast farms. Two trials were performed between May and August 2019 at sites spanning ∼100 km: three in Alabama and one in Florida. Oysters were deployed in OysterGro cages at each location, 2 weeks before each trial, and then either were desiccated for 24 h or remained submersed as controls. Triplicate samples were taken before and immediately following the desiccation period, as well as 7 and 14 days after resubmersion. Total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus levels were determined using most-probable-number (MPN) real-time PCR. Vibrio levels increased by 0.23 to 3.50 log MPN/g after desiccation. Recovery times varied among geographic locations by trial and Vibrio spp., with all vibrio counts recovering to levels not significantly higher than those in control oysters within 7 to 14 days of resubmersion (P ≥ 0.06). These results suggest a 14-day resubmersion period of cultured oysters allowed vibrio levels, elevated because of routine handling, to return to ambient levels at all farm sites studied. HIGHLIGHTS
Poor for How Long? Chronic Versus Transient Child Poverty in the United States

Poverty is often examined using cross-sectional data, with families categorized as poor by comparing annual income to an annual poverty threshold amount. This approach to conceptualizing poverty does not capture information about the persistence of poverty across multiple years. However, both theory and empirical research suggest that long-term or chronic poverty has different causes and impacts than short-term or transient poverty, particularly for children. This chapter examines poverty persistence among children in the United States. It begins by describing theoretical frameworks from economics and social epidemiology that provide useful lenses for understanding the differences between chronic poverty and transient poverty among children and families. The chapter provides an overview of empirical research on the different impacts of chronic and transient poverty on children’s health and development. Recent data on the prevalence and demographics of chronic and transient child poverty in the United States are then presented. The chapter concludes with suggestions for policy approaches that might address child and family poverty more effectively by specifically targeting chronic versus transient poverty.
On the Layer Stripping Approach to a 1-D Inverse Problem

In this lecture we will discuss a one dimensional inverse scattering problem for the Helmholtz equation on the half line. We shall follow an approach referred to as layer stripping, as implemented in [6]. The one dimensional inverse scattering problem has been extensively studied, going back to [4] in 1953. The earliest occurrence of the layer stripping method we know of in inverse problems is in[1] 1969. Much subsequent work has appeared in [3] and related work.
Solar activity cycle during classical antiquity

Early accounts of phenomena that may be identified as auroral displays have been abstracted from reports of unusual celestial prodigies in the classical literature. An extensive catalog of ancient aurorae and a new mathematical method of analyzing fragmentary time series of observations have been used to demonstrate, provisionally, that an auroral cycle actually existed in antiquity, at least during the 2nd century BC, and that it had an average length and amplitude comparable with those of the modern auroral cycle. On the reasonable supposition that solar activity has always been the factor responsible for aurorae, it can be concluded that the solar cycle two millennia ago was very similar to what it is today.
Evidence for an epidermal growth factor-stimulated protein kinase cascade in Swiss 3T3 cells. Activation of serine peptide kinase activity by myelin basic protein kinases in vitro.

Two intermediary kinases in a protein serine/threonine kinase cascade that is triggered in the response of Swiss 3T3 cells to epidermal growth factor (EGF) have been identified. Several separable EGF-stimulated serine/threonine kinase activities were characterized in the preceding paper (Ahn, N. G., Weiel, J. E., Chan, C. P., and Krebs, E.G. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 11487-11494). These were preincubated in various combinations in the presence of MgATP with chromatographic fractions from unstimulated cell extracts. Activation of the rate of phosphorylation of a synthetic peptide, Arg-Arg-Leu-Ser-Ser-Leu-Arg-Ala, was observed on preincubation of the breakthrough fraction from unstimulated cell extracts with either of two distinct EGF-stimulated kinase activities, each of which phosphorylated myelin basic protein. Kinetic analysis and fractionation by sizing gel chromatography demonstrated that two myelin basic protein kinase activities (of approximately 30 and approximately 50 kDa) represented the activating components in the mixtures whereas the unstimulated cell extract breakthrough gave rise in each case to the activated Arg-Arg-Leu-Ser-Ser-Leu-Arg-Ala peptide kinase activity of approximately 110 kDa. Inasmuch as the in vitro activation reactions required magnesium plus ATP and were reversed by protein phosphatase treatment, an activation mechanism involving phosphoryl transfer is suggested.
Survey of Primary Care Physicians and Home Care Clinicians

CONTEXT: Providing home care in the United States is expensive, and significant geographic variation exists in the utilization of these services. However, few data exist on how well physicians and home care providers communicate and coordinate care for patients. OBJECTIVE: To assess communication and collaboration between primary care physicians (PCPs) and home care clinicians (HCCs) within 1 primary care network. DESIGN: Mail survey. SETTING: Boston. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-seven PCPs from 1 academic medical center-affiliated primary care network and 820 HCCs from 8 regional home care agencies. MEASUREMENTS: Provider responses RESULTS: Ninety percent of PCPs and 63% of HCCs responded. The majority (54%) of PCPs reported that they only “rarely” or “occasionally” read carefully the home care order forms sent to them for signature. Further, when asked to rate their prospective involvement in the decision making about home care, only 24% of PCPs and 25% of HCCs rated this as “excellent” or “very good.” Although more HCCs (79%) than PCPs (47%) reported overall satisfaction with communication and collaboration, 28% of HCCs felt they provided more services to patients than clinically necessary. CONCLUSIONS: PCPs from 1 provider network and the HCCs with whom they coordinate home care were both dissatisfied with many aspects of communication and collaboration regarding home care services. Moreover, neither group felt in control of home care decision making. These findings are of concern because poor coordination of home care may adversely affect quality and contribute to inappropriate utilization of these services.
Molecular Gas in High Redshift Galaxies

Study of molecular gas in distant galaxies during the last twenty years has followed the steady progress in mm wave receiver sensitivity. In 1975, CO was detected in M 82, NGC 253, and several other galaxies with redshifts of a few hundred km s-1 (Rickard et al. 1975; Solomon & de Zafra 1975). Over the next fifteen years, the CO detection horizon increased steadily, reaching z ≈ 0.22 by 1990 (Downes et al. 1991). The discovery that the large population of infrared luminous galaxies detected by IRAS are very gas rich (e.g., Sanders, Scoville, & Soifer 1991) was especially significant. In the last few years, there has been a breakthrough; CO has been observed in two high redshift objects, IRAS FSC 10214+4724 at z = 2.3 (Brown & Vanden Bout 1992b) and the Cloverleaf quasar (H 1413+117) at z = 2.6 (Barvainis et al. 1994; Barvainis 1996). These objects offer glimpses of galaxies’ properties when the Universe was only about 15% of its present age. The presence and conditions of molecular gas in galaxies at such an early epoch are clues to understanding galaxy formation and evolution in the early Universe. Despite much observational effort, however, no other high redshift sources have confirmed detections of CO. Indeed molecular gas in both 10214+4724 and the Cloverleaf is visible only because they are gravitationally lensed. In intrinsic molecular content, gas distribution, and IR luminosity, these galaxies resemble gas rich, ultraluminous IR galaxies in the local universe.
Carcass Nitrogen as a Predictor of Protein Requirement for Mature Female Rats

The minimal level of dietary protein required for maintenance of nitrogen equilibrium was investigated using Sprague-Dawley rats, 12 months of age. Rats were fed casein, supplemented with methionine, at levels ranging from 0.84 to 5.18% of the diet for 4, 8 or 12 weeks and were compared to a control group fed a similar diet containing 9.90% protein or to a baseline group fed a stock diet. The effect of dietary protein levels on total serum protein and on liver and carcass composition was assessed. Protein requirement levels with 95% confidence intervals were predicted by linear regression. Dietary protein levels of 2.14% or lower were not adequate to maintain body weight and serum protein levels, and animals fed these diets had elevated levels of liver lipid. Protein nutriture of rats fed 3.20% protein was generally intermediate between those fed 2.14% or less and those fed 3.62% or greater. Compared to carcass nitrogen, carcass water was not as reliable a parameter for determination of protein requirements. Using the baseline group for comparison and carcass nitrogen as the dependent variable, a dietary protein requirement was predicted for these animals of 3.91--4.19% with confidence intervals of 3.50--4.56% and 3.13--5.48%, respectively. This level is comparable to the maintenance protein requirement of 4% indicated by the National Research Council for adult rats.
Video Analysis of Athletic Training Student Performance: Changing Educational Competency into Clinical Proficiency

Context: Assessing clinical proficiency and documenting learning over time is quite challenging. Educators must look for unique ways to effectively examine students' performance and archive evidence of their academic progress. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the use of video analysis to bridge the gap from educational competency to clinical proficiency, and describe its use in the assessment of clinical proficiency of the athletic training student. BACKGROUND: A consistent challenge in curricular development for any athletic training education program (ATEP) is transforming formal classroom and psychomotor skill learning to the appropriate clinical proficiencies required by the standards for accreditation. Thus, we developed a method to address this challenge that incorporates the use of digital video technology. Description: We describe the use of video in the form of a digital video disc (DVD) as the means to evaluate and assess the student's achievement of specific clinical proficiencies. Additionally, we give specific examples of the aspects of video analysis that we have addressed in actual encounters. We present this method as a means to perpetuate the concept of "learning over time." Clinical Advantage(s): The use of video to analyze student performance during a clinical injury evaluation provides the means of (1) evaluating an athletic training student's clinical proficiency, (2) allowing student input into their psychomotor performance, and (3) developing archival data of student performance for re-evaluation and documentation of learning over time. CONCLUSION(s): The use of video analysis represents an effective pedagogical method to educate athletic training students. (Contains 2 tables.) Language: en
An Interdisciplinary English/Health Connection: Promoting Health Awareness and Healthy Behaviors.

Abstract The purpose of the project was to address the general lack of health education provided through this nation's middle and high school curricula. The project incorporated health-related concepts and activities into traditional English coursework for students in grades eight and nine. It was hoped that these efforts would increase students' awareness and practice of healthy behaviors. Four high school and four middle school teachers were selected to participate in the program. These teachers, working individually and cooperatively, created integrated English/health lesson plans that could be (and were) used in their classrooms without compromise to their existing English curricula. Results indicate that while teachers were challenged by this responsibility, the materials developed were nonintrusive and enjoyed by students and teachers alike. Students found the health-related materials interesting because they were relevant, and teachers enjoyed having additional lessons from which to draw. All teach...
Eating behaviors as predictors of weight loss in a 6 month weight loss intervention.

Objective To examine associations between eating behavior constructs and weight loss (WL) in a 6-month WL intervention in worksites. Design and Methods A cluster-randomized controlled trial of a group behavioral WL intervention versus wait-listed control was conducted at four worksites. Measures included body weight and the eating behavior constructs restraint, disinhibition, hunger, and their sub-constructs. Rates of intervention meeting attendance and weight self-monitoring were also quantified. Results WL was greater in intervention participants than controls (ΔI = −8.1±6.8 kg, ΔC = +0.9±3.6 kg, P<0.001). Between-group analyses showed that the intervention was associated with increased restraint (ΔI = 5.43±4.25, ΔC = 0.29±3.80, P<0.001), decreased disinhibition (ΔI = −2.5±3.63, ΔC = 0.66±1.85, P < 0.001) and decreased hunger (ΔI = −2.79±3.13, ΔC = 0.56±2.63, P < 0.001), and changes in all eating behavior subscales. Greater WL in intervention participants was correlated with higher baseline hunger (r = −0.25, P = 0.03), increased restraint (r = −0.35, P=0.001), decreased disinhibition (r = 0.26, P = 0.02), and decreased hunger (r = 0.36, P = 0.001). However, in a multiple regression model including rates of meeting attendance and self-monitoring, decreased hunger was the only eating behavior change that predicted weight loss (R2=0.57, P<0.001). Conclusion Decreased hunger was the strongest predictor of WL in this intervention with relatively high mean WL. Further studies are needed to confirm the central role of hunger management in successful WL.
The EL mouse: a natural model of autism and epilepsy.

SUMMARY Purpose: Autism is a multifactorial disorder that involves impairments in social interactions and communication, as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors. About 30% of individuals with autism develop epilepsy by adulthood. The EL mouse has long been studied as a natural model of multifactorial idiopathic generalized epilepsy with complex partial seizures. Because epilepsy is a comorbid trait of autism, we evaluated the EL mouse for behaviors associated with autism. Methods: We compared the behavior of EL mice to agematched control DDY mice, a genetically related nonepileptic strain. The mice were compared in the open field and in the light‐dark compartment tests to measure activity, exploratory behavior, and restricted and repetitive behaviors. The social transmission of food preference test was employed to evaluate social communication. Home-cage behavior was also evaluated in EL and DDY mice as a measure of repetitive activity. Key Findings: We found that EL mice displayed several behavioral abnormalities characteristic of autism. Impairments in social interaction and restricted patterns of interest were evident in EL mice. Activity, exploratory behavior, and restricted behavior were significantly greater in EL mice than in DDY mice. EL mice exhibited impairment in the social transmission of food preference assay. In addition, a stereotypic myoclonic jumping behavior was observed in EL mice, but was not seen in DDY mice. It is of interest to note that seizure activity within 24 h of testing exacerbated the autistic behavioral abnormalities found in EL mice. Significance: These findings suggest that the EL mouse expresses behavioral abnormalities similar to those seen in persons with autism. We propose that the EL mouse can be utilized as a natural model of autism and epilepsy.
Humoral immunostimulation: II. Increased nucleoside incorporation, DNA synthesis, and cell growth in L cells treated with anti-L cell antibody

Interaction of rabbit antibody to L cell lines caused an intense stimulation of radioactive nucleoside uptake which was maximal 24–72 hr after exposure to antibody. Smaller but parallel increases in DNA synthesis, cell growth rate, and numbers were observed. A marked dose dependency was observed with smaller amounts of antisera being stimulatory and larger doses cytotoxic. The stimulatory antibody was demonstrated to be present in the IgG globulin fraction. The IgG antibody was rapidly cytotoxic to target cells in the presence of fresh exogenous complement. Prolonged trypsinization of L cells reduced the ability of the cells to be stimulated by anti-L antiserum presumably due to removal of membrane antigens.
Gyrations: The Missing Link Between Classical Mechanics with Its Underlying Euclidean Geometry and Relativistic Mechanics with Its Underlying Hyperbolic Geometry

The present article on the hyperbolic geometric interpretation of the relativistic mechanical effect known as Thomas precession is dedicated to the 80th Anniversary of Steve Smale for his leadership and commitment to excellence in the field of geometric mechanics. A study of Thomas precession in terms of its underlying hyperbolic geometry and elegant algebra is presented here in order to clarify the concept of Thomas precession. We review the studies of both Thomas precession and its abstract version, gyration. Based on the review we derive the correct Thomas precession angular velocity. We demonstrate here convincingly that the Thomas precession angle e and its generating angle θ have opposite signs. We present the path from Einstein velocity addition to the gyroalgebra of gyrogroups and gyrations, and to the gyrogeometry that coincides with the hyperbolic geometry of Bolyai and Lobachevsky. We, then, demonstrate that the concept of Thomas precession in Einstein’s special theory of relativity is a concrete realization of the abstract concept of gyration in gyroalgebra.
Smoking cessation counseling for parents during child hospitalization: a national survey of pediatric nurses.

ABSTRACT Objective: Given the central role played by pediatric nurses in intake assessment, discharge planning, and education for families of hospitalized pediatric patients, a child's hospitalization may provide a unique opportunity for counseling parents about smoking. We sought to determine if hospital policies can support nurses in effectively counseling parents about smoking. Design and Sample: We conducted a national survey of pediatric staff nurses and administrators/educators who were members of the Society of Pediatric Nurses in 2008 (n=888) to explore counseling practices for tobacco control. Measures: Questionnaires included data on demographics, personal and work environment characteristics, hospital policy characteristics, work attitudes and barriers and the main outcome—5As for smoking cessation counseling—Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange. Results: Overall, routine screening for household smokers was most common (43%), followed by advice to quit (25%), assessing willingness to quit (19%), assisting with a quit plan (6%), and arranging follow-up contact (3%). Nurses working in hospitals with admission assessments specifically asking about household members who smoke were 7 times more likely than those without such assessments to routinely ask about smoking (OR: 7.2, 95% CI: 4.9–10.5). Conclusion: Future research should test the efficacy of developing comprehensive hospital-wide policies to deliver smoking cessation for parents during a child's hospitalization.
Building heaps in parallel

Abstract We present O(log n) time parallel algorithms for constructing a heap of a set of n elements, chosen from a total order, using EREW PRAM and hypercube of at most [2n/log n] processors.
Effect of Particles Alignment Anisotropy on the Fatigue Behaviors of Extruded Al2O3/2124 Aluminum Alloy Composites

Alignment of reinforcement particles was observed to affect the fatigue behaviors of extruded composites strongly. Micro-structure characterization showed a preferred orientation of the reinforcement particles parallel to the extrusion axis. As the reinforcement volume fraction increase, to some calculated values, the fatigue life and strength of the composite materials increases although the degree of particles alignment decreased.
Completely transvaginal NOTES cholecystectomy using magnetically anchored instruments

Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is an evolving field and suitable instruments are lacking. The purpose of this study was to perform transvaginal cholecystectomies using instruments incorporated into a magnetic anchoring and guidance system (MAGS). Non-survival procedures were conducted in pigs (n = 4). Through a vaginotomy created under direct vision, a rigid access port was inserted into the peritoneal cavity and used to maintain a CO2 pneumoperitoneum. MAGS instruments were deployed through the port and held in place on the peritoneal surface using magnetic coupling via an external handheld magnet which was optionally exchanged for an 18ga percutaneous threaded needle anchor; instruments included a tissue retractor (a clip-fixated magnet or flexible graspers) and a cautery dissector. A gastroscope was used for visualization. The first two procedures ended prematurely due to instrumentation shortcomings and inadvertent magnetic coupling between instruments; one case required a laparoscopic rescue. Three new forms of instrumentation were developed: (1) a longer access port (50 cm) which provided easier deployment of instruments and suitable reach, (2) a more robust cauterizer with a longer, more rigid, pneumatically deployed tip with better reach and sufficient torque to allow blunt dissection, and (3) a more versatile tissue retractor with bidirectional dual flexible graspers which provided excellent cephalad fundus retraction and inferiolateral infundibulum retraction. With these modifications, 100% of the cholecystectomy was completed in the third and fourth animals using only a NOTES/MAGS approach. Retrieval of the tissue retractor resulted in a rectal injury in the third animal but further procedural modifications resulted in a successful procedure in the fourth animal with no complications. While still under development with more refinements needed, completely transvaginal cholecystectomy using MAGS instruments is feasible. By offering triangulation and rigidity, MAGS may facilitate a NOTES approach while alleviating shortcomings of a flexible platform.
Application of Vibrating Fluidized Bed in Low Rank Coal Drying Process

Low rank coal is an important energy resource in the world, particularly in the developing countries. But its high water content causes a waste of energy and serious environmental pollution, which restricts its applications. In order to improve the efficiency of the low rank coal and reduce pollution, the drying processes for low rank coal are urgently needed. This paper presented a review of the general drying processes for low rank coal. In the review, the newly-developed vibrating fluidized bed (VFB) drying process was emphasized. This novel VFB drying process which can be used in large-scale industrial production has several advantages, such as high speed, high drying intensity and low pollution. Moreover, two VFB researches reported by the authors were also introduced. In these researches, the dynamic behavior of VFB was simulated by two commercial codes of ADAMS and ANSYS separately. According to the simulation results, the exciting force and the structure of sieve box were optimized.
Synthesis and characterization of low-coordinate divalent aryl transition-metal halide analogues of grignard reagents: precursors for reduction to metal-metal-bonded complexes.

The synthesis and characterization of the series of divalent first-row aryl transition-metal(II) halide compounds [Cr(μ-Cl)Ar‘]2 (1) and (Li(OEt2)Ar‘MI2]2 (M = Mn (2), Fe (3), and Co (4); Ar‘ = C6H3-2,6-(C6H3-2,6-iPr2)2) are described. 1−4 were prepared by the addition of one equiv of Ar‘Li to the respective transition-metal dihalides. They were characterized by UV−vis spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, and by X-ray crystallography. In dimeric 1, each chromium center has quasi-four-coordinate, square-planar geometry, in which the metal is terminally bound to a terphenyl ligand through the ipso carbon of the central ring and to two bridging chloride ligands. There is a further interaction between chromium and an ipso carbon from one of the flanking −C6H3-2,6iPr2 rings. In contrast, for the iodo derivatives 2−4, LiI is not eliminated upon addition of LiAr‘ to MI2. Instead, the diethyl ether solvated adducts, [Li(OEt2)Ar‘MI2]2 (M = Mn (2), Fe (3), or Co (4)) were isolated. These possess a distorted cubane ...
A comparison of fast and slow depolarizations evoked by 5-HT in guinea-pig coeliac ganglion cells in vitro

1. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was applied by pressure ejection to coeliac ganglion cells of the guinea-pig maintained in vitro and responses measured intracellularly. 2. Cells responded in one of three ways to 5-HT: by (a) a fast, transient depolarization (43%), (b) a fast transient followed by a slow depolarization (biphasic response, 30%) or (c) a slow sustained depolarization (25%). 3. Fast depolarizations (response (a) above] were graded according to the duration of the ejection pulse. Maximal responses had a mean amplitude of 12 +/- 0.8 mV, a duration of 6.4 +/- 1.0 s, a latency of 0.4 +/- 0.1 s, were associated with a fall in membrane input resistance, increased in amplitude by hyperpolarization and probably mediated by an increased conductance to Na and K. The estimated reversal potential was -22.8 +/- 2.4 mV (n = 14). The maximal fast response seen in biphasically-responding cells (b) appeared similar to fast response (a). 4. Fast depolarizations (a) showed marked tachyphylaxis and were abolished by superfusion of the ganglion with 5-HT (100 microM). They were reduced in amplitude by tubocurarine (10-100 microM, pIC50 4.4), MDL 72222 (1-5 microM, pIC50 5.8), quipazine (1 microM reduced responses by 65 +/- 15%, n = 3), ICS 205-930 (1 microM reduced responses by 64 +/- 14%, n = 7) and metoclopramide (10 microM reduced responses by about 45%), but were unafected by methysergide (up to 1 microM) or hexamethonium (up to 1 mM). 5. Slow depolarizations (c) varied in amplitude with the duration of the ejection pulse. Maximal responses had a mean amplitude of 6.4 +/- 0.7 mV, a duration of 62 +/- 6 s, a latency of 3.5 +/- 0.8 s and were reduced in amplitude by methysergide (0.1-1 microM, pIC50 6.5) but not by MDL 72222 (1 microM). The maximal slow component in biphasically-responding cells (b) was similar in amplitude and duration to slow response (c), was partially blocked by methysergide (1-5 microM) in 4 of 6 cells and was enhanced by tubocurarine (50 microM) which reduced the fast component. 6. Slow depolarizations (b,c) were associated with either a small reduction or no change in membrane input resistance depending on the cell studied. Hyperpolarization had variable effects on slow depolarization amplitude. 7. It was concluded that the fast, phasic depolarization is mediated by an ionic mechanism and by receptors both of which are distinct from those involved in the slow depolarization. The receptor mediating the fast depolarization is a 5-HT3 receptor while that mediating the slow depolarization has yet to be identified.