cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-Resolution Enabled 12-Plex DiLeu Isobaric Tags for Quantitative Proteomics

Multiplex isobaric tags (e.g., tandem mass tags (TMT) and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)) are a valuable tool for high-throughput mass spectrometry based quantitative proteomics. We have developed our own multiplex isobaric tags, DiLeu, that feature quantitative performance on par with commercial offerings but can be readily synthesized in-house as a cost-effective alternative. In this work, we achieve a 3-fold increase in the multiplexing capacity of the DiLeu reagent without increasing structural complexity by exploiting mass defects that arise from selective incorporation of 13C, 15N, and 2H stable isotopes in the reporter group. The inclusion of eight new reporter isotopologues that differ in mass from the existing four reporters by intervals of 6 mDa yields a 12-plex isobaric set that preserves the synthetic simplicity and quantitative performance of the original implementation. We show that the new reporter variants can be baseline-resolved in high-resolution higher-e...
Experiences in responding to computer science curricula 2013: panel discussion

The joint task force of ACM and IEEE Computer Society released recent guidelines for undergraduate computer science majors late in 2013. Since that time, many computer science departments have reviewed the recommendations and exemplars included in Computer Science Curricula 2013 and made changes to the programs that they offer. In this panel, we will share the experiences of the panelists from a variety of computer science programs in reviewing and responding to the new curriculum guidelines. The panel hopes to generate additional discussion about new knowledge areas and models for incorporating recommended content into programs at small, liberal arts institutions.
The Impact of Empowerment on the Speed in New Product Development: The Role of Uncertainty

A recent theoretical analysis argued that the effectiveness of empowerment is contingent upon the degree of uncertainty in the environment.In a study of 212 New Product Development(NPD) projects,we found that the relationship between team empowerment and speed to market was moderated by uncertainty stemming from technological turbulence but not by uncertainty related to technological novelty.Further,we found that the relationship was a U-shaped function under conditions of low uncertainty whether the source was novelty or turbulence. The findings imply that NPD teams should be either not empowered or fully empowered under conditions of low uncertainty.In contrast,when uncertainty was high the empowerment speed relationship differed depending upon the source of the uncertainty.Under conditions of high technological novelty a linear relationship between empowerment and speed was found,but under conditions of high technological turbulence the relationship was reverse U-shaped.Under the latter conditions,a quadratic function indicated that very high levels of empowerment do notreresult in increasing speed-to-market.Thus,a contingent view should apply to choose and implement the empowerment approach.Our findings also indicate that turbulence may be a more important source of uncertainty than newness with different implications for empowerment.
Epidemiological analysis of hand-foot-mouth disease in Baoshan District of Shanghai City from 2008 to 2011

[Objective] To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth diseases(HFMD) in Baoshan District for its control and prevention(2008-2011).[Methods] The data on HFMD incidence from 2008 to 2011 in Baoshan District was analyzed by descriptive epidemiology.[Results] During the four years,the annual average incidence of HFMD in Baoshan District was 152.53/100 000(from 95.18/100 000 to 190.23/100 000).The incidence rate in males was higher than in females.There were 8 436 cases under 5 years old,accounting for 92.05%.In resident population the disease was mainly found in kindergartens and daycare centers children,and in the floating population living scattered children were in the majority suffering the disease.The peak of HFMD incidence was from April to July.There were 55 severe HFMD cases,mainly found in the floating population from 2008 to 2011.From 2009 to 2011,the positivity rate of enterovirus was increased year by year and the pathogen spectrum changed every year.The positivity rate of EV71 in severe or dead cases was 90.91%,higher than that of monitoring-point cases and clustering of cases.[Conclusion] The incidence of HFMD in Baoshan District from 2008 to 2011 was at high intensity prevalence state,and mainly occurred in children under the age of 5 years,showing apparently a seasonal feature.The severe or dead HFMD cases were mainly caused by EV71.The epidemiological and etiological research of HFMD will be helpful to propose further target-oriented prevention and control measures.
Adaptive sampling for SGD by exploiting side information

This paper proposes a new mechanism for sampling training instances for stochastic gradient descent (SGD) methods by exploiting any side-information associated with the instances (for e.g. class-labels) to improve convergence. Previous methods have either relied on sampling from a distribution defined over training instances or from a static distribution that fixed before training. This results in two problems a) any distribution that is set apriori is independent of how the optimization progresses and b) maintaining a distribution over individual instances could be infeasible in large-scale scenarios. In this paper, we exploit the side information associated with the instances to tackle both problems. More specifically, we maintain a distribution over classes (instead of individual instances) that is adaptively estimated during the course of optimization to give the maximum reduction in the variance of the gradient. Intuitively, we sample more from those regions in space that have a larger gradient contribution. Our experiments on highly multiclass datasets show that our proposal converge significantly faster than existing techniques.
Role of leukocytes in metabolic and functional derangements of experimental glomerulonephritis

Nephrotoxic nephritis (NTN) is characterized by an influx of leukocytes into the glomerulus, with accompanying glomerular dysfunction and a marked increase in glomerular eicosanoid production. We examined the relationship between the glomerular inflammatory cell infiltrate and the concomitant metabolic/functional changes in this model of renal disease using a combination of in vivo immunologic strategies to both decrease [X-irradiation and cobra venom factor (CVF)] and increase (preimmunization with rabbit immunoglobulin G or accelerated NTN) the inflammatory cell infiltrate. With the use of these manipulations, a close correlation between glomerular leukocytes and the proteinuria of NTN was observed. The ablative strategies (X-irradiation and CVF) also attenuated the increase in leukotriene B4 (LTB4) generation seen with NTN and virtually completely prevented the increase in thromboxane B2 (TxB2) production (basal and angiotensin II elicited). Accelerated NTN, in contrast, increased and prolonged the rise in glomerular LTB4 production and exacerbated the increase in TxB2 production. Glomerular prostaglandin E2 production was not altered by the induction of nephritis nor any of the aforementioned immunologic manipulations. Regression analysis established that glomerular TxB2 production correlated significantly with the leukocyte influx at both 3 and 24 h. Glomerular LTB4 production correlated only with the presence of leukocytes at 3 h. Both glomerular TxB2 and LTB4 production were closely correlated with the renal dysfunction as assessed by proteinuria. These data suggest that leukocytes play a direct critical role in both the functional and metabolic alterations that occur in the setting of NTN. They further imply that leukocytes are crucial to the observed increase in glomerular eicosanoid production.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Discrete Element Analysis of Railway Ballast under Cycling Loading

Abstract Railway ballast is a highly heterogonous material consisting of a multitude of stone sizes with varying physical characteristics. It is a critical layer of railroad track structures providing drainage, strength, stability and load distribution. Ballast degrades under cyclic train loads and needs to be maintained to prevent rail misalignment, settlement and buckling, which may necessitate lower train speeds to prevent derailments. This paper utilizes the Discrete Element Method (DEM) code PFC2D to model the behaviour of railroad ballast under cyclic loading. It introduces two innovative approaches to capture stone angularity by fitting circular shapes into each stone shape. One of these methods involves a MATLAB® routine and the other an AutoCAD® routine. Inter-particle contact laws in these agglomerations of circular elements reflect the strength of the stones. The advantage of these two techniques over the conventional clumping technique is that they allow modelling stone breakage which is a leading cause of ballast degradation. Previous studies have implemented techniques to simulate the behaviour of a circular particle idealized as a single aggregate under cyclic loads. Three different techniques are presented in this study to better understand the natural behaviour of ballast under loading. In this paper, particle angularity is being introduced by using another method. This numerical study demonstrated the effect of aggregates particle shape on the overall performance of railroad ballast as measured by permanent deformation and degradation of the ballast.
Measuring Treatment Outcomes in Comorbid Insomnia and Fibromyalgia: Concordance of Subjective and Objective Assessments.

Study Objectives:In insomnia, actigraphy tends to underestimate wake time compared to diaries and PSG. When chronic pain co-occurs with insomnia, sleep may be more fragmented, including more moveme...
Photoinduced Charge and Energy Transfer in Complexes of C-Type Cytochromes with Water-Soluble Porphyrins

Due to their rich and tunable spectral and redox properties as well as relatively simple synthesis protocols, water-soluble porphyrins are promising candidates as photosensitizers for artificial photosynthesis. Quenching of porphyrin static fluorescence by monoheme horse heart cytochrome (cyt) c is a well-known phenomenon. It is attributed to the fast charge separation (CS), though the CS state has not been observed. Similarly, we found quenching of static fluorescence of porphyrins in the presence of PpcA, a 3-heme c-type cytochrome from the cyt c7 family from Geobacter sulfurreducens. In this report using ultrafast visible transient absorbance spectroscopy we demonstrate that the excited state of protein-bound zinc tetraphenyl sulfonated porphyrin (ZnTPPS) decays with an apparent time constant of about 200 ps in the presence of cyt c and approximately 20 ps in the presence of PpcA. However, the spectral changes are dominated by the features of porphyrin singlet and triplet states. Only a small fraction of photosensitizer excited state energy is retained in the CS state suggesting a competing energy transfer mechanism. Unbound fraction of ZnTPPS shows triplet quenching as a second order process with similar low CS state yields for both cyt c and PpcA. Heteronuclear NMR and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations reveal the likely surface binding sites for ZnTPPS. However, small angle X-ray scattering measurements demonstrate propensity of ZnTPPS to induce formation of protein multimers under experimental conditions typical for our experiments. There results demonstrate an unexpected complexity of ZnTPPS binding interactions and photochemistry with c-type cytochromes and suggest the presence of a competing dominant energy transfer process.
Rethinking Peer-Review Processes: Expertise Across the Neuroscience/Humanities Gap

In her article “The Arts and Sciences of Reading: Humanities in the Laboratory,” Lindsey Grubbs (2016) agues that seemingly low-stakes neuroscientific research can have high-stakes implications. Sh...
The Place of Ronald Coase in the History of Economic Thought

Kenneth Elzinga (1984, p. 572) has said that ‘The truly influential economist is one who affects how economists view fundamental problems in their own discipline and affects how non-specialists come to view the world of economic reality.’ Through his career’s work, and especially through his writing in ‘The Nature of the Firm’ and ‘The Problem of Social Cost’, Coase has had such an influence, and in the process has secured a permanent place in the history of economic thought. While his beginnings as a commerce student with no real background in mathematics did not exactly portend greatness as an economist, the end result, as Cheung (1987, p.455) has described it, was that ‘A seminal mind, fed with what we today would regard as a bare minimum of knowledge, was sufficient to see the world in its own way and to exert profound influence on the profession.’ It is difficult to say, exactly, what Coase’s place ultimately will be in the history of economic thought, since it is only in the last thirty years that his work has drawn a great deal of attention. That Coase innovated, and did so in important ways, is beyond question. It is the subsequent use of those innovations, their application, refinement and extension that await the test of time.
Long-term survival benefit from treatment at a specialty center after cardiac arrest.

Abstract Introduction The Institute of Medicine and American Heart Association have called for tiered accreditation standards and regionalization of post-cardiac arrest care, but there is little data to support that regionalization has a durable effect on patient outcomes. We tested the effect of treatment at a high-volume center on long-term outcome after sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). Methods We included patients hospitalized at one of 7 medical centers in Southwestern Pennsylvania after SCA from 2005 to 2013. Centers were one regional referral center with an organized systems for post-SCA care, two moderate volume tertiary care centers and 4 low-volume centers. We abstracted clinical characteristics and outcomes at hospital discharge, and for survivors to discharge we queried the National Death Index for long-term survival data. We used Cox regression to determine the unadjusted associations of baseline predictors and survival, and built an adjusted model controlling for baseline predictors. Results Overall, 987 patients survived to discharge. During 2196 person-years of follow-up, median survival was 5.3 years and there were 396 deaths. In unadjusted analysis, treating center, age, arrest location, Charlson Comorbidity Index, initial rhythm, cardiac catheterization, defibrillator placement, discharge disposition, and neurological status at discharge were associated with long-term outcome. In adjusted analysis, treatment at the high-volume cardiac arrest center was associated with improved survival compared to treatment at other centers (hazards ratio 1.49, 95% confidence interval 1.19–1.86). Conclusion Treatment at a high-volume cardiac arrest center with organized systems for post-arrest care is associated with a substantial long-term survival benefit after hospital discharge.
Big Data Remote Access Interfaces for Light Source Science

The efficiency and reliability of big data computing applications frequently depend on the ease with which they can manage and move large distributed data. For example, in x-ray science, both raw data and various derived data must be moved between experiment halls and archives, supercomputers, and user workstations for reconstruction, analysis, visualization, storage, and other purposes. Throughout, data locations must be tracked and associations between raw and derived data maintained, data accesses, even over wide area networks, must be highly responsive to allow for interactive visualizations. We use here a typical x-ray science workflow to illustrate the use of two recently developed techniques for data movement, archiving, and tagging. The first is a scalable catalog for referencing, managing, and performing remote operations on distributed data. The second is a novel remote object interface for structured (HDF-based) data set manipulation and visualization. Our description of these techniques and their application to x-ray science problems sheds light on big data problems in experimental science, the gap between conventional big data solutions and scientific requirements, and ways in which this gap may be bridged.
CRT-100.64 Hybrid Coronary Revascularization Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Patients with Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease, A Meta-Analysis

Hybrid coronary revascularization (HCR) involves a combination of surgical and percutaneous techniques, which in selected patients may present an alternative to conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of HCR compared to CABG
Patient Preference for Preprocedural Anesthetic Prior to Facial Cosmetic Injectable Fillers

This study was designed to compare 2 common techniques for anesthesia prior to facial filler injections to determine which anesthetic method resulted in less pain during filler injections and which was preferred for future treatments. Via a randomized, prospective, split-face design, one side was treated with topical lidocaine gel and the contralateral received nerve block injection(s) to the infraorbital and/or mental nerve with local anesthetic. Hyaluronic acid (HA) filler was used to treat cosmetic deformities of the nasolabial folds, upper, and/or lower lips. Patients were surveyed to quantify the subjective pain during (1) preprocedural anesthesia and (2) injection of HA filler. At 1 week, patients reported which side was perceived as less painful, and his or her future treatment preference. Forty-eight participants (46 women and 2 men) were enrolled. In all, 77% perceived the filler injections with anesthetic block(s) as less painful, 21% recorded injections on the side pretreated with topical anest...
Engagement, Research, and Evidence: Leveraging the National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network for Better Cardiovascular Health.

A deluge of information and new approaches spanning the continuum from discovery to implementation and policy promises to fundamentally alter our understanding of cardiovascular health and healthcare. Although the existing system for cardiovascular research has yielded impressive results, it remains fractured, slow, costly, and hindered by systematic gaps. Further, even when it delivers answers, they are often accompanied by uncertainty about how to interpret or apply that knowledge across different populations. If cardiovascular medicine is to maintain its traditional excellence in innovation and evidence generation, then our current research paradigms must evolve. At the same time, external forces are affecting healthcare, including the imperatives to improve the value of care by increasing quality and reducing costs, grapple with disparities in care and outcomes, and achieve meaningful integration with other technologies using electronic health data and sophisticated analytics. Also medical practice needs to be reoriented toward considering the needs, preferences, and values of individual patients and consumers instead of focusing narrowly on providing products and services. This approach is especially poignant for US healthcare, whose decades-old reimbursement model is transforming into a more patient-centered system. These challenges present a daunting prospect. But what if the move toward integrated, patient-centered, accountable healthcare could be harnessed to simultaneously drive improvements in our clinical research enterprise? What if building systems for electronic health data can also provide robust scaffolding for efficient evidence generation while breaking down silos that impede the flow of information and knowledge among all stakeholders, including patients? Throughout the …
Research with the Wechsler Digit Span Subtest: Implications for Assessment.

This paper presents a summary of major research findings relevant to the use of the Wechsler Digit Span subtest in psychoeducational assessment. Examination of the research suggested that digit rep...
Chain Network: Key to the Ductile Behavior of Polymer Glasses

Polymer glasses can be either ductile, undergoing yielding and necking, or brittle, suffering from crazing and brittle fracture. Until recently, there was no satisfactory molecular-level interpretation of these processes. In this work, carefully designed polystyrene glass systems with new deformation protocol have been modeled using all-atom molecular dynamics simulation. The effect of chain networking in terms of yielding taking place in the presence of long chains embedded in short chains is investigated. The results are compared with a recently proposed molecular model, which suggests that the structural integrity, necessary to prevent brittle fracture, is mainly due to chain networking.
Sugar beet polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins with 11 LRRs confer Rhizoctonia, Fusarium and Botrytis resistance in Nicotiana plants

Abstract Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) are leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins that inhibit polygalacturonase (PG) enzymes secreted by pathogens to break down plant cell walls during early stage of disease development. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) PGIP genes (BvPGIPs) have 11 LRR domains as compared to 10 LRRs generally found in other plant species. To determine whether the BvPGIPs have a function in plant defense, genes encoding BvPGIP1 and BvPGIP2 that differ in 8 amino acids were fused with the CaMV 35S constitutive promoter and introduced into Nicotiana benthamiana. Crude PGIP protein extracts from BvPGIP1 transgenic plants significantly inhibited Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani and Botrytis cinerea PGs. BvPGIP2 extract also inhibited PGs from F. solani and B. cinerea but did not inhibit PGs from R. solani. When transgenic BvPGIP plants were bioassayed for resistance, similar results were obtained. This is a first report that documents sugar beet PGIPs with 11 LRRs confer resistance to three different fungal pathogens.
Origin, diffusion and development of polo: an East to West cultural flow

Most scholarship focused on the diffusion of sports has focused on a directional flow from core to periphery nations. Consequently, many traditional sports originating in non-Western countries have...
Bone marrow transplantation versus periodic prophylactic blood transfusion in sickle cell patients at high risk of ischemic stroke: a decision analysis

Measurement of cerebral blood velocity (CBV) by transcranial Doppler has been used to identify patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) who are at high risk of ischemic stroke. This study examines outcomes of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and periodic blood transfusion (PBT) as a basis for making treatment recommendations for patients who have elevated CBV and no other indications for BMT. Decision analysis was used to compare the number of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) experienced by a population of patients with SCD at high risk for stroke who were treated with PBT or BMT. Markov models were constructed to represent the clinical course of patients with SCD who were treated with PBT or BMT. Medical literature and expert opinion provided risks of stroke and death for different disease states, estimates of transition probabilities from one clinical state to another, and quality of life. An intention-to-treat analysis and an analysis of treatment received were both performed on hypothetical cohorts of 100 000 patients. Patients with SCD who were managed with a strategy of intending to provide BMT could expect 16.0 QALYs, compared with 15.7 QALYs for a strategy of intending to provide PBT; however, the variation around these estimates was large. In the treatment received analysis, patients compliant with PBT therapy and iron chelation could expect the best outcomes (19.2 QALYs). From a policy perspective, neither BMT nor PBT can be considered the "best" treatment for children with SCD who have abnormal CBV. Abnormal CBV should not be the only criterion for selecting patients with sickle cell for BMT.
Designing the Intervention: Differentiating Designing from Problem Solving

The second empirical step of this research is designing a laboratory experiment to test the hypotheses generated during the analysis of the field observations. In the first section of this chapter, I identify and discuss seven design requirements, which can be placed under three criteria that need to be satisfied for the experiment to test the hypotheses. These criteria are: the hypotheses outlined in Chapter 4, the taxonomy of questions developed in Chapter 3, and experimental considerations specific to design research discussed in this chapter. In the second section, I discuss and propose ways of meeting each of the requirements. In the final section, I specify a design exercise that satisfies all of the requirements.
Extracellular Matrix Update — Overview

This is a very exciting time in urology, and in biology in general. The urology departments at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania are to be congratulated for their efforts in convening this meeting. They have invited a group of speakers here who are figures in the field. I would encourage you to pick their brains and the rest of their bodies, if need be, to get the information that is unique. There is no sense reinventing all the wheels that others have picked up. One of the best examples, for instance, is that everyone knows that the bladder is full of liquid whose isotonicity changes fairly rapidly. The amount of ammonia, urea, and pH to name but a few parameters change quite drastically over time. But let us have a look around and we find that very similar types of events take place in the stomach. If we look in the stomach we see that there is the same network of proteins underneath the double layered membrane itself. So instead of gastric mucosa, there is urothelium, but there are really the same kinds of molecules present. This is an exciting time in urology because research, now at a fundamental level, has become a part of the everyday experience of the residents, fellows, and faculty in academic medical centers. This is the first conference that will focus on extracellular matrix in the bladder and I hope this is just one of the many to follow. To put things in perspective, six years ago at the NIH, the budget in urology was about 4.2 million dollars and it was mostly stone disease. No one thought that was there anything interesting in the bladder. Now the budget is around 30 million dollars and it is on a graphic upswing. It is up to you to keep it going in that direction.
Galois Cohomology and Isomorphism Classification of Elliptic Curves over Arbitrary Fields

In Chapter 3 we saw that j(E) is an isomorphism invariant for elliptic Curves defined over algebraically closed fields. In this chapter we describe all elliptic curves over a given field k which become isomorphic over k sthe separable algebraic closure of k up to k isomorphism. This is done using the Galois group of k s over k and its action on the automorphism group of the elliptic curve over k s. The answer is given in terms of a certain first Galois cohomology set which is closely related to quadratic extensions of the field k.
An operational effectiveness analysis of legacy and future mine countermeasures systems using discrete event simulation

This paper conducts an operational analysis of legacy and future mine warfare systems using discrete event simulation. The research focuses on a comparative analysis of the MCM-1 Avenger ship, supp...
Soil respiration and plant growth across a chronosequence of tallgrass prairie reconstructions

An understanding of changes in soil respiration (Rs) and plant growth in tallgrass prairies planted into formerly cultivated land is critical if we are to predict the effects of grassland reconstructions on belowground carbon cycling. In addition, predicting changes in the ecosystem carbon balance in grassland reconstructions will require identifying the climatic and biological controls on Rs across a landscape of cultivated and reconstructed grassland ecosystems. This study used a 12 yr chronosequence of tallgrass prairie reconstructions in central Iowa, including a no-till soybean field (age 0), to quantify the relationship between tallgrass prairie age, Rs, root biomass, root ingrowth, and aboveground production. We also assessed the strength and interaction of soil temperature and soil moisture in predictions of Rs across the chronosequence. Linear regressions showed a significant increase in standing root biomass carbon (R = 0.89) and growing season Rs (R 2 = 0.83) with prairie reconstruction age while changes in aboveground production and root ingrowth were less predictable. Growing season (gs) Rs represented the largest carbon flux 1 Primary researcher and author
Prostate Organoid Cultures as Tools to Translate Genotypes and Mutational Profiles to Pharmacological Responses

Presented here is a protocol to study pharmacodynamics, stem cell potential, and cancer differentiation in prostate epithelial organoids. Prostate organoids are androgen responsive, three-dimensional (3D) cultures grown in a defined medium that resembles the prostatic epithelium. Prostate organoids can be established from wild-type and genetically engineered mouse models, benign human tissue, and advanced prostate cancer. Importantly, patient derived organoids closely resemble tumors in genetics and in vivo tumor biology. Moreover, organoids can be genetically manipulated using CRISPR/Cas9 and shRNA systems. These controlled genetics make the organoid culture attractive as a platform for rapidly testing the effects of genotypes and mutational profiles on pharmacological responses. However, experimental protocols must be specifically adapted to the 3D nature of organoid cultures to obtain reproducible results. Described here are detailed protocols for performing seeding assays to determine organoid formation capacity. Subsequently, this report shows how to perform drug treatments and analyze pharmacological response via viability measurements, protein isolation, and RNA isolation. Finally, the protocol describes how to prepare organoids for xenografting and subsequent in vivo growth assays using subcutaneous grafting. These protocols yield highly reproducible data and are widely applicable to 3D culture systems.
Joint Low-Rank Factorizations with Shared and Unshared Components: Identifiability and Algorithms

We study the joint low-rank factorization of the matrices $\mathrm{X}=[\mathrm{A}\ \mathrm{B}]\mathrm{G}$ and $\mathrm{Y}=[\mathrm{A}\ \mathrm{C}]\mathrm{H}$, in which the columns of the shared factor matrix A correspond to vectorized rank-one matrices, the unshared factors B and C have full column rank, and the matrices G and H have full row rank. The objective is to find the shared factor A, given only X and Y. We first explain that if the matrix [A B C] has full column rank, then a basis for the column space of the shared factor matrix A can be obtained from the null space of the matrix [X Y]. This in turn implies that the problem of finding the shared factor matrix A boils down to a basic Canonical Polyadic Decomposition (CPD) problem that in many cases can directly be solved by means of an eigenvalue decomposition. Next, we explain that by taking the rank-one constraint of the columns of the shared factor matrix A into account when computing the null space of the matrix [X Y], more relaxed identifiability conditions can be obtained that do not require that [A B C] has full column rank. The benefit of the unconstrained null space approach is that it leads to simple algorithms while the benefit of the rank-one constrained null space approach is that it leads to relaxed identifiability conditions. Finally, a joint unbalanced orthogonal Procrustes and CPD fitting approach for computing the shared factor matrix A from noisy observation matrices X and Y will briefly be discussed.
Non-native patterns of English syllable timing

This study compared the timing of syllables in the speech of non-native speakers of English with American English timing patterns. The subjects, native speakers of Thai, Malaysian and Japanese, read English words in isolation and with one and two syllable suffixes added. Although the non-native speakers compressed words when producing them with suffixes, they showed little awareness of the English pattern of compressing suffixed words in proportion to the number of added syllables.
The microbiota-immune axis as a central mediator of gut-brain communication.

Abstract Intestinal inflammatory disorders are associated with neurophysiological and behavioral symptoms. Conversely, many disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) are accompanied by intestinal complications. These observations suggest that intestinal and nervous system physiologies are functionally linked. Indeed, a growing body of literature has revealed multiple pathways mediating bidirectional communication between the intestine and the CNS, collectively referred to as the gut-brain axis. In particular, microbes naturally colonizing the mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) tract, termed the gut microbiota, not only correlate with but also play a causative role in regulating CNS function, development and host behavior. Despite these findings, our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate gut-brain communication remains in its infancy. However, members of the gut microbiota have been established as potent modulators of intestinal, systemic and CNS-resident immune cell function, suggesting that gut-brain interactions may involve the host immune system. Multiple CNS disorders with gut microbiota associations, including neuroinflammatory, neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, also have significant inflammatory manifestations. In this review, I discuss recent advances exploring the role of microbiota-immune interactions as a critical regulator of the gut-brain axis in the context of CNS and related disorders.
Catalytic Pyrolysis of Centimeter-Scale Pinewood Particles to Produce Hydrocarbon Fuels: The Effect of Catalyst Temperature and Regeneration

Pinewood particles were pyrolyzed in a vertical tube furnace at 500 °C followed by the upgradation of pyrolysis vapors using zeolite ZSM-5 at catalyst temperature from 400 to 600 °C. The catalyst w...
Evaluation of radiation treatment volumes for unknown primaries of the head and neck in the era of FDG PET.

Objectives Positron-emission tomography (PET) has improved identification of the primary tumor as well as occult nodal burden in cancer of the head and neck. Nevertheless, there are still patients where the primary tumor cannot be located. In these situations, the standard of care is comprehensive head and neck radiation therapy however it is unclear whether this is necessary. This study examines the effects of radiation treatment volume on outcomes among using data from two cancer centers in unknown primary carcinoma of the head and neck. Methods Patients received unilateral (n = 34), or bilateral radiation (n = 28). Patient factors such as age, gender, smoking history, and patterns of failure were compared using Mann Whitney U and Chi Square. Overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) trends were estimated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Effect of treatment volume on survival was examined using multivariate cox proportional hazard regression model. Results No significant differences were observed in the frequency of local (p = 0.32), regional (p = 0.50), or distant (p = 0.76) failures between unilateral and bilateral radiation therapy. By Kaplan-Meier estimates, OS (3-year OS bilateral = 71.67%, unilateral = 77.90%, p = 0.50) and DFS (3-year DFS bilateral = 77.92%, unilateral = 69.43%, p = 0.63) were similar between the two treatment approaches. Lastly, multivariate analysis did not demonstrate any significant differences in outcome by treatment volumes (OS: HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.31, 1.81, p = 0.51; DFS: HR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.24, 1.93, p = 0.47). Conclusions Unilateral radiation therapy compared with bilateral produced similar survival.
Breyer, Stephen. The Uneasy Case for Copyright: A Study of Copyright in Books, Photocopies, and Computer Programs, 84 Harv. L. Rev. 281 (1970)

Copyright law is under constant pressure to evolve. Since the Copyright Act of 1790, which protected only maps, charts and books from unauthorized copying, 1 the law has grown to cover dramatic and...
Disruption of a hedgehog-foxf1-rspo2 signaling axis leads to tracheomalacia and a loss of sox9+ tracheal chondrocytes.

Congenital tracheomalacia, resulting from incomplete tracheal cartilage development, is a relatively common birth defect that severely impairs breathing in neonates. Mutations in the Hedgehog (HH) pathway and downstream Gli transcription factors are associated with tracheomalacia in patients and mouse models; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Using multiple HH/Gli mouse mutants including one that mimics Pallister-Hall Syndrome, we show that excessive Gli repressor activity prevents specification of tracheal chondrocytes. Lineage tracing experiments show that Sox9+ chondrocytes arise from HH-responsive splanchnic mesoderm in the fetal foregut that expresses the transcription factor Foxf1. Disrupted HH/Gli signaling results in 1) loss of Foxf1 which in turn is required to support Sox9+ chondrocyte progenitors and 2) a dramatic reduction in Rspo2, a secreted ligand that potentiates Wnt signaling known to be required for chondrogenesis. These results reveal a HH-Foxf1-Rspo2 signaling axis that governs tracheal cartilage development and informs the etiology of tracheomalacia.
Field Guide to the Grasses of Oregon and Washington

Cindy Talbott Roche, Richard E. Brainerd, Barbara L. Wilson, Nick Otting, and Robert C. Korfhage. 2019. Field Guide to the Grasses of Oregon and Washington. (ISBN-13: 978-0-87071-959-2, pbk). Oregon State University Press, 121 The Valley Library, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4501, U.S.A. (Orders: osupress.oregonstate. edu, 1-800-621-2736). $35.00 US, 488 pp., 8 drawings, maps and color photos throughout, glossary, references, index, 6" × 9".
Intent, Substance, and Care: Characteristics of Adolescent Ingestion Hospitalizations

OBJECTIVES: To characterize the patient population of adolescents hospitalized at a tertiary center for ingestions and identify opportunities to improve health care delivered and resources offered to these adolescents. METHODS: Retrospective study of a consecutive sample of adolescent patients (12–18 years old) discharged from the hospitalist service at a large academic pediatric tertiary care center from May 2017 through April 2018. Data were collected regarding patient and hospital encounter characteristics including length of stay, admission service, reason for ingestion, substance(s) ingested, previous suicidal ideation (SI) screening, sexual history documentation, pregnancy testing, disposition at discharge and follow-up with primary care physicians (PCPs). RESULTS: Most hospitalizations for ingestions were reported as intentional suicide attempts (79%). Most commonly, adolescents ingested exclusively prescription medications (45%) or over-the-counter medications (32%). Of adolescents with a reported suicide attempt for whom PCP records were available, 56% did not have SI screening documented in the medical record. One-quarter of adolescents hospitalized for an ingestion did not have a sexual history documented, and 11% of female patients were not tested for pregnancy before discharge. A majority (66%) of the adolescents with PCP records available did not follow-up with their PCP within 2 months after their hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of our study results, opportunities to improve adolescent health include increased screening for SI and mental health symptoms throughout medical environments, comprehensive risk assessment of all adolescents hospitalized for an ingestion and increased guidance for caregivers of adolescents regarding prescription and over-the-counter medication storage in the home.
Introducing Accessibility to High School Students

We designed and implemented an online module that explains accessibility to non-major high school students. The module demonstrates one of the important Web Content Accessibility Guidelines, known as Reflow, using hands-on experience. Reflow is a particularly essential feature for the accessibility of webpages for people with cognitive impairments. The module consists of an interactive lecture and engaging quizzes. We held an online one-hour workshop where the activity was presented to 52 high school students. We collected objective and subjective data about students' knowledge and learning experience using 3 questionnaires. Our findings indicate that the module is effective in raising students' awareness of disabilities, leveraging their knowledge on accessibility, and maintaining high interest in pursuing a computing degree.
Robert Armin’s “Blue John,” Early Modern Disability, and the Public Punchline

This chapter studies a figure within Robert Armin’s clowning repertoire, “Blue John,” and asks how the media environment of early modern theatrical culture intersected with and helped shaped views of cognitive disability. Armin, by translating the historical John in the Hospital into a caricature in his foolsbooks and a theatrical impression in Two Maids of More-clacke (1609), made him into a public punchline—a memetic figure combining qualities of celebrity, theatrical character, and joke. By recirculating Blue John as an impression audiences could take up and extend, Armin participates in making cognitive disability imitable and assignable as an insult, and so self-consciously not identifiable with the bodies upon which the role is cast. Armin’s public punchline demonstrates how theatrical media’s porous boundaries can publicize individuals—making celebrities by making jokes—but can thereby build publics that deny full participation to the very individuals around whom those publics are constituted.
Update on Leptospira hardjo-bovis Control in Beef Herds

Leptospira hardjo bovis has emerged as the most common leptospiral infection of cattle in the United States and Canada. Its new name is Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo (hardjo bovis), referred to as 'hardjo-bovis'. The main reason for the widespread prevalence of hardjo-bovis is that it is very efficiently transmitted by a chronic renal carrier/shedder state lasting a year or more. Also, traditionaJ 5-way leptospira vaccines have provided poor protection against hardjobovis because they contain a different hardjo organism, L. hardjo prajitno, which is not found in North America. Experimental and natural infections of cattle with hardjo-bovis result in reproductive losses including embryonic death, abortion, stillbirths and weak calves. In addition, involvement of the mammary glands in hardjobovis infections can result in the "mastitis/flabby bag syndrome" of beef cattle. In the field, it has been extremely difficult to diagnose hardjo-bovis because traditional use of serology to diagnose leptospiral infections works very poorly for diagnosis of hardjo-bovis. As the maintenance host for hardjo-bovis, cattle mount a weak and transitory antibody response to infection. Identification of leptospires in urine correlated with antibody titers to hardjo-bovis and several other serovars of leptospira can overcome that obstacle to diagnosis. The combination of losses typically not noticed by ranchers, such as embryonic deaths, and the difficulties in diagnosing hardjo-bovis as the cause of obvious losses like abortions have made hardjo-bovis a "hidden disease". Programs to control hardjo-bovis in beef herds are now possible because of the identification of two antibiotics that can clear the renal carrier state of hardjo-bovis and the availability of new leptospira vaccines that contain hardjo-bovis. Hardjo-bovis control programs have four parts: 1) enhancement of general herd resistance; 2) biosecurity; 3) antibiotic treatment to eliminate the renal carrier state; and 4) vaccination. The primary consideration in the decision on whether to implement a control program for hardjo-bovis in a beef herd is how great is the disease threat? There are still gaps in our understanding of hardjo-bovis infection of beef herds. Diagnostic testing is still cumbersome. Hardjo-bovis-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests now being perfected will make possible accurate, fast diagnoses of hardjobovis in urine or tissue samples. That will greatly aid in identification of problem herds and in monitoring the success of control programs. Like most infectious diseases of cattle, clinical trials are needed in United States beef cow/calf operations to determine the herd-level economic impact of hardjo-bovis infection and efficacy of control programs.
Adaptive Treatment for Youth With Substance Use and Depression: Early Depression Response and Short-term Outcomes

Objective To investigate prevalence and predictors of early depression response (EDR) in adolescents with substance use and depression receiving cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for substance use and to test the efficacy of supplemental CBT targeting depression (CBT-D) for non-EDR adolescents in an adaptive treatment approach. Method At 2 sites, 95 youths (ages 14–21, mean [SD] = 17.4 [1.8]) with alcohol or cannabis use and depressive symptoms received up to 12 sessions of CBT for substance use over 14 weeks. Assessments were at baseline and weeks 4, 9, and 14. The Children’s Depression Rating Scale–Revised was the primary depression measure, with a reduction of 50% or more on this scale at week 4 defining EDR. The primary substance use outcomes of alcohol use, heavy alcohol use, and cannabis use frequency were assessed via interview report on the Alcohol Consumption Questionnaire and the Drug Checklist. Urinalysis provided a secondary measure of cannabis use. Non-EDR adolescents were randomly assigned to supplemental CBT-D or enhanced treatment as usual (ETAU). Results Thirty-five adolescents (37%; 95% CI, 27%–47%) demonstrated EDR. Fewer days of cannabis use (odds ratio 0.977; 95% CI, 0.961–0.992) and absence of conduct disorder (odds ratio 0.149; 95% CI, 0.031–0.716) predicted EDR. Frequency of drinking (F1,82 = 11.09, η2 = 0.119, p = .001), heavy drinking (F1,82 = 19.91, η2 = 0.195, p Conclusion Approximately one-third of adolescents with substance use and depression attain EDR during substance use treatment. Less frequent cannabis use facilitates depression response. The relatively small sample may have precluded identification of additional EDR predictors. Clinical trial registration information Treatment for Teens With Alcohol Abuse and Depression; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ ; NCT02227589 .
The impact of breastfeeding patterns on regional differences in infant mortality in Germany, 1910.

This paper examines the impact of breastfeeding practices on the large regional differences in infant mortality in Germany around 1910. Breastfeeding is strongly negatively associated with infant mortality and remains so after controlling for public health measures and for demographic, economic, and social factors that also affect infant mortality. But it contributes much less to regional differences in infant mortality than do access to medical care, percentage illegitimate and marital fertility. Breastfeeding is less important than these other factors because it affects fewer causes of death and has a smaller impact on cause-specific infant mortality rates.