cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Growth Hormone Therapy in a 14 month old girl with Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy |[dagger]| 398

Growth hormone receptor gene is expressed in the myocardium and growth hormone (GH) administration has been shown to increase cardiac IGF-1 content. The cardiac myocyte express IGF-1 receptors and IGF-1 promotes cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore GH therapy has been reported to have beneficial effects in the treatment of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in adults. We have studied a 14 month old black girl with Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Severe Congestive Heart Failure. Serum levels of IGF-1 and IGF-BP3 were measured before and at the end of GH treatment and measurements of the shortening fraction (FS), left ventricular dimension in diastole (LVIDd), left ventricular dimension in systole (LVIDd) and the left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWd) were obtained using M-mode echocardiography before and during treatment with GH 0.35 mg/kg/week. Table
865 Significance of Portal Vein Invasion and Extent of Invasion in Patients Undergoing Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Introduction Several studies have confirmed the safety of pancreatoduodenectomy with portal/mesenteric vein resection and reconstruction in select patients. The effect of vein invasion and extent of invasion on survival is less clear. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between tumor invasion of the portal/mesenteric vein and long-term survival.
Cellular interactions in the lpr and gld models of systemic autoimmunity

The lpr and gld murine models have been important contributors to our understanding of systemic autoimmune diseases. Mice homozygous for either of these autosomal recessive genes develop a phenotypically identical disease characterized by the accumulation of CD4-CD8- T-cells and the production of a wide spectrum of autoantibodies. The lpr (lymphoproliferation) mutation encodes a defective Fas apoptosis receptor gene. More recently, gld (generalized lymphadenopathy) has been shown to be a point mutation in the Fas ligand gene. Despite the molecular characterization of these mutations, the exact mechanism by which tolerance is lost is still unknown, although in vivo cell transfer studies have provided clues. Chimera studies, in which normal and lpr bone marrow were co-infused into lpr mice, demonstrated not only that the normal Fas receptor is functionally expressed in both T- and B-cells, but that the Fas mutation is required in both for full expression of the lpr phenotype. Conversely, in analogous experiments with gld mice, co-infusion of normal and gld bone marrow largely prevented the development of autoantibodies. Sporadic autoantibody titers were seen in some mice, but were derived from both donors. The effects on T-cells were subtly different: The CD4-CD8- T-cells were also greatly reduced in number, but all were of gld origin. These data indicate that the gld defect is extrinsic to B-cells but only partially extrinsic to T-cells, and suggest that Fas ligand in T-cells may have an autocrine and paracrine function.
Wind power systems for zero net energy housing in the United States

This work investigates the feasibility of renewable energy housing development in the U.S. using wind power and solar thermal systems to attain zero net energy consumption. The over all objective was to determine how the wind power and solar thermal system designs and economics differ with various climates, wind and solar resources, energy prices, and state incentives, such as net-metering. Five U.S. cities, one in each of the five climate zones, were selected for this study based on their potential for wind power. A zero net energy housing design tool was developed in order to analyze and compare various system designs. The energy performance and economics of the designs were compared for various sizes of housing development, for seven turbine models, and selected heating systems. The results suggest that while there are some economical options for wind powered zero net energy housing developments, they are generally more expensive (except in the warmest climate zone) than housing with natural gas heating. In all of the cases, the economies of scale for large-scale wind turbines gave more of an economic advantage than net-metering programs gave small- and medium-scale wind turbines.
Sexual health and quality of life among male veterans with intestinal ostomies.

PURPOSE This secondary analysis was conducted to expand our understanding of the challenges men with ostomies face regarding intimate relationships and sexual functioning. We examined quantitative and qualitative data to examine sexual functioning, intimate relationships, and health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) among military veterans who are living with an intestinal stoma. SETTING Three Veterans Health Administration sites. SAMPLE Four hundred eighty-one male veterans. METHODS Case-control, mixed-methods design; cases were those who had ostomies for at least 2 months, and controls had a similar major intestinal surgical procedure that did not result in an ostomy. Quantitative and qualitative data on sexual functioning, relationships, and other dimensions of HR-QOL were collected using the modified City of Hope Quality of Life-Ostomy questionnaire. RESULTS The overall response rate was 49%. Prevalence of erectile dysfunction was significantly higher among ostomates compared with controls (P < .001). Although a greater proportion of veterans with ostomies reported being sexually active before surgery compared with controls (P < .001), the proportion of men who had resumed sexual activity after surgery is significantly lower among the ostomy group (P = .015). Compared with veterans with ostomies who did not resume sexual activity after surgery, those who were sexually active reported a higher total HR-QOL score and higher scores on all 4 modified City of Hope Quality of Life-Ostomy dimensions (psychological, social, physical, and spiritual well-being). Veterans with ostomies who had resumed sexual activity after their ostomy also reported that their ostomy had caused significantly less interference with social activities, less isolation, less interference with their personal relationships, and less interference with their ability to be intimate. These men also reported less difficulty adjusting to the ostomy. Results of qualitative analyses showed that problems with intimacy and sexual function are among the greatest challenges faced by ostomates. CONCLUSION Presence of an ostomy was associated with lower rates of sexual activity and higher erectile dysfunction. The lower rates of sexual activity and sexual satisfaction were related to the social and psychological dimensions of HR-QOL among men with ostomies. Interventions to address sexual concerns of male ostomates and their partners may prevent decrements to HR-QOL for these patients. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Results of the study have implications for the clinical nurse specialist role in supporting and educating patients with ostomies to minimize the negative impact of an intestinal ostomy on sexual health and HR-QOL. Implications also relate to the need to educate current and future nurses about the importance of assessing sexual health.
Astrocytic and synaptic response to kindling in hippocampal subfield CA1. II. Synaptogenesis and astrocytic process increases to in vivo kindling

Astrocytic glia are important for maintaining synaptic function during physiological activity. Recent hypotheses concerning epilepsy suggest a role for astrocytes in the control of neuronal excitability and in pathogenesis. This report provides morphological evidence that the periodic electrical stimulation used in the kindling model of epilepsy induces astrocytic hypertrophy and an increase in shaft synapse density in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. The Schaffer collateral pathway in the stratum radiatum of CA1 of five pairs of rats was kindled in vivo. Control animals received the same number of stimulations at a lower intensity and frequency. The animals were killed 24-48 h after reaching the criterion of five generalized seizures, and the brains were examined by electron microscopy. Kindling produced a 37% and 33% increase in the volume fraction of astrocytic processes in the middle and distal portions, respectively, of the s. radiatum in CA1. In the same tissue, the number (areal density) of shaft synapses was increased 25% in the s. radiatum of animals exhibiting generalized seizures. On the other hand, the areal density of degenerating synapses in both kindled and control animals was low and not significantly different. These results suggest that both synaptogenesis and hypertrophy of astrocytes contribute to an early stage of epileptogenesis when degenerative changes of the sort that might induce gliosis were not prominent in the tissue under study.
A 77-GHz Marchand balun for antenna applications in BiCMOS technology

In this article, the design and measurement of a 77-GHz Marchand balun matched to 50 Ω single-ended and 100 Ω differential-ends using multiple metal layers in silicon technology is discussed. The balun is measured with an insertion loss of 1.8 dB at 77 GHz, an amplitude imbalance of ±1.8 dB, and phase imbalance of ±1.5°. Also, this article presents the effect of parasitic reactance in the load terminations and dummy metal fills on balun's performance. It was found that the interlevel dummy metal fills and increase the insertion and also cause significant amplitude imbalance in the balun especially at frequencies above 50 GHz. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:664–666, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25756
Enthalpy and Entropy of Conjugative Interaction in a Nearly Coplanar Styrene and Cinnamyl Radical

Conjugative interaction in styrenes designed to constrain the dihedral angle between the planes of the phenyl and olefinic groups near to coplanarity (21° by X-ray) is greater by 0.7 kcal mol-1 tha...
Study of Ionization-Induced Radiation Damage in MgO

A study of the 2.3-eV absorption band in MgO crystals irradiated with electrons and gamma rays at 7, 80, and 305\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K has been made. This broad band, which has been designated as ${V}_{1}$, has a half-width of 0.96 eV at 5 and 78\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and could be optically bleached even at liquid-helium temperature. When specimens were bleached with polarized light, it was found that there was no dichroism in any of the $〈100〉$, $〈110〉$, or $〈111〉$ directions at 5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The colorability of the crystals was strongly dependent on their thermal treatment. The concentration of centers responsible for the 2.3-eV absorption could be enhanced by quenching the crystals from high temperature prior to irradiation and could be suppressed by slow cooling of the specimens to room temperature. The effects of these heat treatments were found to be reversible. The presence of certain impurities in the crystals was observed to suppress the 2.3-eV coloration, but no correlation between the ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ concentration or the total Fe concentration and the maximum coloration in a quenched crystal was observed. The afterglow luminescence was also surveyed in the energy range 1.3-5.0 eV.
A comparison of three methods for eliminating disruptive lunchroom behavior.

Abstract Three methods of controlling disruptive lunchroom behaviors of elementary school children were compared: basic modification procedures, basic modification procedures plus punishment essays, and basic modification procedures plus mediation essays. During an in-service workshop, six paraprofessional lunch aides received training in these methods to modify three classes of disruptive lunchroom behaviors. They then applied the methods in a counter-balanced design. Fourth- and fifth-grade elementary school pupils were observers and made reliability counts of the target misbehaviors under the various methods. Results indicated that during the periods when aides had been directed to use basic modification procedures plus mediation essays, target misbehaviors were almost totally eliminated and occurred significantly less often than during the periods when they had been directed to use basic modification procedures alone or basic modification procedures plus punishment essays.
Syntheses, an electrochemical study, and some chemical reactions of Fe(C5H5)(CNR)2X compounds

Abstract Reactions of Fe(C 5 H 5 )(CO) 2 Br with two equivalents of CNR give Fe(C 5 H 5 )(CNR) 2 Br compounds (R = C 6 H 5 , p -C 6 H 4 Me, m -C 6 H 4 Me, p -C 6 H 4 OMe, m -C 6 H 4 OMe, p -C 6 H 4 F, m -C 6 H 4 Cl, m -C 6 H 4 CF 3 , p -C 6 H 4 NO 2 ). With excess CNR cationic complexes [Fe(C 5 H 5 )(CNR) 3 ] + are formed. Reactions of [Fe(C 5 H 5 )(CO) 2 (THF)]PF 6 and p -CNC 6 H 4 F give [Fe(C 5 H 5 )(CO) 3− n ( p -CNC 6 H 4 F) n ]PF 6 ( n = 1 or 2, determined by stoichiometry). The Fe(C 5 H 5 )(CNR) 2 Br compounds are shown to undergo one-electron oxidation processes; the required potentials for oxidation ( E 1 2 ) correlate well with Hammett σ p or σ m constants for substituents on the aryl rings. Chemical and electrochemical oxidations of several Fe(C 5 H 5 )(CNR) 2 Br compounds were attempted but only [Fe(C 5 H 5 )(CNR) 3 ]PF 6 species are obtained. The process using AgPF 6 in acetone was followed by NMR. A rapid reaction of these reagents to give a red solution is seen; this red solution may contain as many as six intermediates. These intermediates convert slowly (a period of hours) to the final product, [Fe(C 5 H 5 )(CNR) 3 ]PF 6 . Speculation is offered that among the intermediates are the compounds [Fe(C 5 H 5 )(CNR) 2 (acetone)]PF 6 and [Fe(C 5 H 5 )(CNR) 2 BrFe(C 5 H 5 )(CNR) 2 ]PF 6 ; the latter is a halide bridged species. Using a different solvent, MeCN, a stable product, [Fe(C 5 H 5 )(CNPh) 2 (MeCN)]PF 6 , analogous to the acetone complex is obtained.
Annonaceous acetogenins: An updated review

The Annonaceous acetogenins are an exciting new class of bioactive natural products whose antitumour, pesticidal and other bioactivities are due to inhibition of electron transport in mitochondria. This paper tabulates the 61 compounds in this class which have been published in the period of 1990–1992 and reviews recent progress with the chemistry and biology of these potent compounds. (Appendices will be published in the next issue.)
A critical reappraisal of the oximetric assessment of intracardiac left-to-right shunting in adults.

Abstract Although the oximetric analysis of blood from the right heart chambers is the most commonly used method for assessing the presence of intracardiac left-to-right shunting, the data the analysis is based on are limited. In addition, uncertainty exists concerning the best way of estimating the mixed venous oxygen content in subjects with intraatrial left-to-right shunting. In 102 adults without left-to-right shunting, blood was obtained from the venae cavae and right heart chambers to measure oxygen content. The limits of normality of oxygen content differences were 0.5 ml/dl from venae cavae to right atrium, 0.6 ml/dl from right atrium to right ventricle, and 0.9 ml/dl from right ventricle to pulmonary artery. The pulmonary arterial oxygen content was best estimated by combining the superior and inferior vena caval oxygen contents according to the formula (2[SVC]+ 3[IVC]) ÷ 5, where SVC is the superior vena cava and IVC is the inferior venae cava. These data provide new oximetric criteria for establishing the presence of intracardiac left-to-right shunting in adults. (Am Heart J 1997;133:413-7.)
Synthesis and evaluation of heparin immobilized "side-on" to polystyrene microspheres coated with end-group activated polyethylene oxide.

Abstract Thiol (–SH) groups were introduced into unfractionated heparin by reaction of carboxyl groups in its uronic acid residues with 3,3′dithiobis(propanoic)hydrazide. Thiolated heparin derivatives were then linked to pyridyl disulfide-activated polyethylene oxide–polypropylene oxide–polyethylene oxide triblocks, which had previously been coated onto the surfaces of 1.15 μm polystyrene microspheres. The heparin immobilization reaction was monitored spectrophotometrically as colored pyridine-2-thione was released. In addition, the zeta potentials of uncoated, triblock-coated, and heparin-containing microsphere suspensions were recorded to demonstrate the successful attachment of heparin on the surface. However this “side-on” attachment of heparin to pendant, polyethylene oxide chains did not significantly increase the anticoagulant or anti-Factor Xa activity of microsphere suspensions.
THERMAL EXPANSION OF ALKALI-GRAPHITE INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS

The c-axis thermal expansion of several alkali-graphite intercalation compounds has been measured by means of x-ray scattering between 15 and 300 K. The thermal expansion depends strongly on the stage of the compound and is largest for C/sub 8/M (M = K, Rb, Cs) compounds. The data have been analyzed in terms of an one-dimensional quasi-harmonic approximation, which yields Grueneisen parameters two or three times as large as for pristine graphite.
A New Species of Cyclanthera (Cucurbitaceae) from Alajuela Province, Costa Rica

Cyclanthera lalajuela Hammel & J. A. Gonzalez, known only from the Caribbean slope of Alajuela Province, Costa Rica, is described. The combination of trifoliolate leaves with conspicuous, sessile glands at the base of the leaflets and unarmed fruits distinguish it from all other species in the genus.
Naked Exclusion by a Dominant Supplier: Exclusive Contracting and Loyalty Discounts

This paper shows that demand asymmetries between a dominant input supplier and a smaller rival allow the dominant supplier to use exclusive contracts to sell its input at the monopoly price, even though the small rival remains in the market, offers its input at marginal cost, and is more efficient at serving a small segment of the market. The dominant supplier pays each downstream producer an amount equal to the maximum quasi rents a producer could earn if he were the only purchaser of the smaller rival’s input, and the small rival earned zero profit on the sale. This payment makes it more profitable for a producer to use the dominant supplier’s input than to switch to the small rival’s input. The extracted monopoly rents plus addition revenue from sales in market segments in which the rival would have competed but not won sales, “finance” the payments to producers to not use the small rival’s input. This model also shows these market share discounts can reduce welfare. *The views expressed in this paper are those of the author, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Federal Trade Commission.
Development status of attached inflatable decelerators.

Structural and aerodynamic developments in attached inflatable decelerators for deployment of payload at supersonic speeds
Surfactant addition enhances the hyphal uptake of PCBs and aldrin by mycorrhizal fungi in liquid culture

Abstract Mixed liquid cultures of ectomycorrhizal fungi were incubated in the presence of common soil contaminants (aldrin and PCBs) and three commercial surfactants (Surfonic® L24–9, Surfonic® T‐20, and Rexophos JV‐05–015). Two surfactants (Surfonic® L24–9 and Surfonic® T‐20) significantly increased hyphal growth under carbon‐limiting conditions, thus implying surfactant biodegradability. All three surfactants increased the hyphal uptake of contaminant‐derived radiolabel during a 10‐day incubation. In addition, surfactants enhanced radiolabel uptake during an extended 30‐day incubation, while hyphal growth slowed considerably after ten days. Results of this experiment provided evidence that surfactant addition may be a useful augmentation to mycorrhizae‐mediated phytoremediation.
Short-term experience with Ponseti casting and the Achilles tenotomy method for clubfeet treatment in arthrogryposis multiplex congenita

Purpose This study presents our experience with the Ponseti method of manipulation and casting followed by Achilles tenotomy (AT) in children with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC).
Psychological self‐defense jury instructions: Influence on verdicts for battered women defendants

Ewing (1987) has proposed a new legal doctrine called 'Psychological Self-Defense,' which is intended to provide a legal justification for a killing committed under the threat of extremely serious psychological injury. This study examines the effect of such an affirmative defense on the verdict in two vignette cases in which a battered woman killed her abuser. One-hundred ninety-six subjects issued verdicts after reading the case vignettes and a series of jury instructions which varied by self-defense instruction (Psychological Self-Defense Only, Physical Self-Defense Only, Psychological and Physical Self-Defense, or none of these). Only Psychological Self-Defense instructions significantly influenced verdict patterns, primarily by shifting would-be voluntary manslaughter convictions to acquittals. Language: en
Information processing needs and practices of clinical investigators: survey results

Although medical researchers were among the first to pursue the promise of computerization, clinical investigators, namely physicians who conduct research into the biology of human subjects and who evaluate the efficacy of new therapeutic measures, have not shared even modestly in the benefits so far available. With the expectation that improved information processing techniques and facilities can improve the quality and efficiency of clinical research and ultimately patient care, The Division of Research Resources (DRR) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has been sponsoring a scientific inquiry (called CLINFO) aimed at first developing a detailed understanding of the information processing needs and current practices of clinical investigators and then developing methods for generally and economically alleviating some of the most important needs. The CLINFO investigation team consists of clinical investigators (T. Graham Christopher, M.D. at the University of Washington, Arthur W. Nunnery, M.D. at the University of Oklahoma and Howard K. Thompson, Jr., M.D. at the Baylor College of Medicine), the authors and other information scientists at The Rand Corporation, and William R. Baker, Jr., the CLINFO Project Officer, and other staff members of the DRR.
Traumatic thoracolumbar facet instability: Characteristic imaging findings

Objective. To review imaging patterns and injury mechanisms in patients with thoracolumbar facet instability (TFI). Design. Imaging studies for thoracolumbar osseous injuries over a 2-year period were reviewed. Imaging findings, injury pattern and reported mechanism of injury were established for patients with TFI. Patients. One hundred and ten patients with thoracolumbar acute, osseous injuries were studied. Results. Eleven of 68 (16.2%) unstable thoracolumbar injuries demonstrated TFI. Seven (64%) of the eleven TFI patients were unrestrained occupants in a motor vehicle accident (MVA) and the remainder were involved in injuries dominated by blunt impact to the back. Only two (18%) had serious, permanent neurological deficits. Conclusion. TFI is a common injury pattern, particularly for unrestrained occupants in MVAs. Characteristic radiographic, CT and MRI findings are presented and correlated with the injury mechanism and clinical findings.
Diffusion of Fe, Co, Nd, and Dy in R2(Fe1−xCox)14B where R=Nd or Dy

Abstract Transition metal and rare earth diffusion coefficients at 1323 K in Dy2−yNdy(Fe1−xCox)14B were determined by field emission energy dispersive spectroscopy compositional analysis of diffusion couple specimens. Various arrangements of component materials and temperatures were examined in order to understand the mechanisms affecting diffusion of the components and to predict the stability of functionally graded microstructures consisting of a dysprosium-rich (Dy2−yNdy(Fe1−xCox)14B) outer layer and a neodymium-rich (Nd2(Fe1−xCox)14B) interior. Estimates of the mutual interdiffusion coefficients of Dy, Nd, Fe, and Co in this system were obtained from the preparation of arc melted and annealed polycrystalline specimens, assuming that the diffusion coefficients were independent of concentration (Grube solution). Fifteen diffusion couples were prepared and heat treated at 1323 K for various times in order to provide data for calculation of the diffusion coefficients. The results indicate that the diffusion coefficients of Fe and Co (DFe=3.28×10−10 cm2/s and DCo=7.63×10−10 cm2/s) were significantly higher at 1323 K in this system than those for Dy and Nd (DNd=2.3×10−12 cm2/s and DDy=2.9×10−12 cm2/s).
Silicone-covered forceps for rigid intraocular lens implantation

Metal implantation forceps can damage the surface of poly(methyl methacrylate) and heparin-surface-modified intraocular lenses (IOLs) during insertion. A new implantation forceps with silicone sleeves covering the tips has been successfully used during IOL implantation. Scanning electron microscopic studies showed that the silicone sleeves prevent forceps-induced IOL surface defects.
Heroin Use as Everyday Radicalism: Opiate Consumers and the Leftist Counter-Culture in Frankfurt am Main, 1970–80

This article details the impact of heroin in the early to mid-1970s leftist scene, with a focus on Frankfurt am Main, but an eye to larger developments in West Germany as a whole. Heroin challenged leftist assumptions about substance use and made a deep impact on the West German counter-culture, student left, and New Left at large. Early heroin users saw themselves as part of the left, and the practices of heroin consumption can be usefully seen as a sort of everyday radical praxis. Heroin users saw in the substance a way to ‘do something’ against a society they deemed oppressive. The wider counter-culture never embraced the drug and, indeed, repudiated its use as reactionary much in the same way that they eventually repudiated the violent activism of West German terror groups. As such, heroin users took part in and helped shape the process of splintering and radicalization that defined the early 1970s counter-culture in West Germany.
A 3-Compartment Model for Chemotherapy of Heterogeneous Tumor Populations

We consider a mathematical model for cancer chemotherapy with a single agent that distinguishes three levels of sensitivities calling the subpopulations `sensitive', `partially sensitive' and `resistant'. We analyze the dynamic properties of the system under what could be considered metronomic (continuous, low-dose, constant) chemotherapy and, more generally, also consider the optimal control problem of minimizing the tumor burden over a prescribed therapy interval. Interestingly, when several levels of chemotherapeutic sensitivities are taken into account in the model, lower time-varying dose rates as they are given by singular controls become a treatment option. This is only the case once a significant residuum of resistant cells has been created in a simpler 2-compartment model that only considers sensitive and resistant cells. For heterogeneous tumor populations, a more modulated approach that varies the dose rates of the drugs may be more beneficial than the classical maximum tolerated dose approach pursued in medical practice.
Gel electrofocusing in a natural pH gradient of pH 3–10 generated by a 47‐component buffer mixture

A natural pH gradient with a pH range of 3–10 was generated from a mixture of 47 buffers utilizing a polyacrylamide gel slab format. The gradient is stable for at least 18 h at 100 V/cm of gel, with the attainment of the steady state at 1 h and of isoelectric protein positions within 2.5 h. Gels containing buffer constituents at a final concentration of 10–20 mM exhibit a conductivity which is approximately one order of magnitude less than that exhibited by any synthetic carrier ampholyte mixture (SCAM), thereby permitting a high degree of resolution in analytic applications. Excessive Joule heating and artefactual protein-protein interaction, both potential drawbacks to electrofocusing at lower ionic strengths, were not observed in this study. The pH gradient generated by the buffer mixture makes possible for the first time electrofocusing of proteins under constant conditions in longitudinal studies, independently of the source and batch of carrier constituents. Furthermore, this system completely circumvents the physical, chemical and biologic problems frequently encountered with SCAMs.
Resonant Tunneling in III-Nitrides

Wide-bandgap semiconductors can sustain high temperatures and high power operation in various important applications such as transistors, light-emitting diodes, and lasers. Although in embryonic stage, one can expect such a resilience in GaN resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) and superlattices as well with distinct applications. Because of the negative differential conduction, the double barrier resonant tunneling structures could be the basis for new high-power coherent microwave sources operating in W-band and terahertz. In this paper, recent progress in wide-bandgap semiconductor RTDs is discussed.
Increased immunogenicity to P815 cells modified with malondialdehyde and acetaldehyde.

Abstract Aldehyde modified proteins have been associated with the development and/or progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). These protein adducts are capable of initiating many immunological responses that are harmful to the normal homeostasis of organism function. Previous studies have shown that malondialdehyde (MDA) and acetaldehyde (AA) synergistically form a unique adduct (MAA) with soluble proteins, which are capable of inducing cytokine release, T-cell proliferation, and antibody production. The purpose of this study was to determine whether MAA adduction can elicit similar responses to cells using a well-defined tumor model. The mouse mastocytoma P815 tumor cell line was modified with MAA (P815-MAA) or left unmodified (P815) and 10 6 irradiated cells were injected into DBA/2 mice once a week for 5 weeks. Serum was collected and tested for antibody responses to P815 cells and the MAA epitope. Immunization of MAA adducted P815 cells into syngeneic DBA/2 mice induced a strong antibody response to the MAA epitope as determined by ELISA on Alb and MAA–Alb (508 μg/ml and 1092 μg/ml, respectively). In addition, antibody to unmodified P815 cells was detected by fluorescent technique. Mice immunized with P815 cells or PBS showed little or no reactivity to the MAA epitope or P815 cells. Studies to assess IL-12 stimulation showed that peritoneal macrophages from P815 and PBS immunized animals produced modest amounts of IL-12 (20 and 35 pg/ml) when stimulated with Alb or MAA–Alb. However, macrophage from P815-MAA immunized mice responded to soluble MAA adduct (142 pg/ml). Finally, in tumor survival studies the mean survival was 14.25 days in PBS treated mice; 15.75 days with P815 immunized mice and 18.25 days with P815-MAA immunized mice. Therefore, these data strongly suggest that antibody responses are induced by P815 cells modified with MAA adducts. This may be a possible tool to begin looking at how alcohol metabolites potentially modify cells and/or cellular components making them recognizable to the immune system as foreign. It is thought that these studies define a model system that will be useful in assessing antibody and potentially T-cell responses to cells that are modified by MAA.
Gas phase reactions between acetylene radical cation and water. energies, structures and formation mechanism of C2H3O+ and C2H4O+* ions.

Reactions of the acetylene radical cation (C 2H 2 +•) with H 2O were investigated using ion mobility mass spectrometry. The primary products are the C 2H 3O + and C 2H 4O +• ions, produced with an overall rate coefficient k(300 K) = 2(±0.6) × 10 −11 cm 3 s −1 that increases with decreasing temperature. The C 2H 4O +• (adduct) vs C 2H 3O + (H loss) ratio also increases with decreasing temperature, and with increasing third-body pressure. Ab initio calculations on the products showed seven stable C 2H 3O + isomers and eleven stable C 2H 4O +• isomers. In the C 2H 4O +• adduct channel, the reactivity and energetics suggest that the adduct is the H 2CCHOH +• (vinyl alcohol) ion. In the C 2H 3O + channel, the H loss occurs exclusively from water. The C 2H 3O + product ion undergoes slow deprotonation by water to form H +(H 2O) n clusters. The reactivity, combined with energetics, suggests that the protonated ketene CH 2COH + is the most likely observed C 2H 3O + ion probably with some contribution from the cyc...
Abstract 4769: Relevance of the TRIF pathway for in vivo gp96-mediated CD8+ T cell cross presentation

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Heat shock protein gp96 is an intracellular chaperone for proteins and peptides generated during protein synthesis and degradation. Different candidate receptors including CD91, TLR2 and TLR4 have been shown as important binders in the gp96 mediated cross-priming process. Both TLR2 and TLR4 use the common MyD88 signaling pathway suggesting it is an important mediator of gp96-mediated cross-priming. Our group has produced a secreted form of hsp-gp96, a fusion protein gp96-Ig. Ggp96-Ig-transfected tumor cells secrete gp96-Ig in vivo and cross prime CD8 CTL that are specific for genuine tumors antigens (Ag) and for the surrogate Ag OVA. In this work, we studied the role of both MyD88 and TRIF signaling pathways in gp96-mediated cross presentation. Briefly, one million of ovalbumin specific T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic CD8+ cells (OT-I)-gfp, were transferred intravenously into MyD88 deficient (MyD88−/−) mice, TRIF deficient (TRIF Lps2/Lps2) mice and C57/BL6 wild type (B6-WT) mice as control. Two days later the mice were immunized intraperitoneally with two million of 3T3-gp96-mIgG1-OVA cells or 3T3-OVA cells respectively. Five days later, we obtained peritoneal cells (PECs) and splenocytes in order to analyze OT-I-gfp expansion, IFNγ production, CD107a degranulation and cytokine (IL-6, TNFα, IL-10) production by ELISA. Gp96 induced CD8 CTL (OT-I) expansion is significantly increased in MyD88−/− mice compared to WT mice and significantly decreased in TRIF deficient mice. However, the frequency of IFNγ expression in CTL is diminished in MyD88−/− while is normal in TRIF deficient mice. IL-6 and TNFα production by antigen presenting cells isolated from the peritoneal cavity, was reduced in MyD88−/− mice compared with WT and TRIF deficient mice. The data indicate that both, MyD88 and TRIF mediated signals are required for full CD8 CTL expansion and cytotoxic differentiation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4769.
Usefulness of Commercial Memory Aids as a Function of Age

Recent research has produced disagreement about the usage and usefulness of external memory aids across age groups. The present study examined the use and perceived usefulness of commercial memory aids as a function of the ages of users and potential users. Three age groups (ages 20, 45, and 65 years) were asked to indicate whether they owned each of thirty different commercial aids and, regardless of ownership, to rate the degree of usefulness of each of the aids. Each age group used certain aids or perceived certain aids as more useful, than did other age groups. The pattern of results suggest that memory aid usage differs with age partly because the memory tasks required of a person change with life stage.
Office-Based Management of Opioid Dependence with Buprenorphine: Clinical Practices and Barriers

Background Buprenorphine is a safe, effective and underutilized treatment for opioid dependence that requires special credentialing, known as a waiver, to prescribe in the United States.
Ontogeny of analgesia elicited by non-nutritive suckling in acute and persistent neonatal rat pain models.

Significant analgesic and calming effects in human infants and neonatal rodents are produced by orogustatory and orotactile stimuli associated with nursing. These naturally occurring analgesic stimuli may help to protect the vulnerable developing nervous system from the long-term effects of neonatal tissue injury. However, the efficacy of orotactile-induced analgesia across the pre-weaning period, as well as its effects on persistent inflammatory pain, is unknown. Here, we investigated the developmental profile of analgesia produced by orotactile stimulation during non-nutritive suckling in rats. The effects of suckling, as compared to non-suckling littermates, on nocifensive withdrawal responses to thermal and mechanical stimuli were examined at postnatal (P) days P0, P3, P10, P17 and P21. In some rats, Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) was injected in a fore- or hindpaw to produce inflammation. For thermal stimuli, suckling significantly increased forepaw withdrawal latencies at P3, P10 and P17, while hindpaw responses were increased at P3 and P10, but not at P17. In inflamed pups, suckling increased fore- and hindpaw response latencies at P10 and P17, but not at P0 or P21. Suckling-induced analgesia was naloxone-insensitive. For mechanical stimuli, suckling-induced analgesia was present at P3, P10 and P17, but not at P21, for both fore- and hindpaws in naive and inflamed animals. Additionally, suckling had a small but significant effect at P0 for the forepaw in inflamed pups. In nearly all experiments, the peak effect of suckling for thermal and mechanical stimuli occurred at P10. These results indicate that orotactile analgesia, like orogustatory analgesia, is absent or minimal at P0, appears consistently at approximately P3 and is maximal at P10. Unlike gustatory analgesia in rats however, orotactile analgesia persists at least to P17. Orotactile stimulation during suckling effectively reduces transient pain elicited by thermal and mechanical stimuli, as well as persistent hyperalgesia and allodynia caused by inflammation.
Effect of confinement on creep behavior of EPS geofoam

Time-dependent deformation under sustained loading or creep is an important consideration in the long-term performance of expanded polystyrene (EPS) geofoam. The design of EPS geofoam fills is mainly based on limiting working stresses to produce tolerable deformations. Results from unconfined uniaxial creep tests have provided justification for such design criteria. With different types of applications involving submergence and higher surcharge loads, creep deformations under confining pressures have been occurring. A series of creep tests were performed on different densities of EPS geofoam with and without confining pressures. The results showed confining pressures can significantly affect the creep responses of EPS geofoam. Effects of confining pressures on creep deformations were more pronounced at lower densities.
The Malayan campaign, 1941–2, in International perspective

(1996). The Malayan campaign, 1941–2, in International perspective. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies: Vol. 19, Asia and Europe: Commerce, Colonialism and Cultures, pp. 169-182.
Theory of heat transfer-irreversible power plants

Abstract The observed degree of thermodynamic imperfection of existing power plants is explained based on a steady-state power plant model the irreversibility of which is due to three sources: the hot-end heat exchanger, the cold-end heat exchanger and the heat leaking through the plant to the ambient. While maximizing the instantaneous power output, it is shown that in addition to Curzon and Ahlborn's optimum temperature ratio there exists also an optimum balance between the sizes of the hot- and cold-end heat exchangers. A graphic construction for pinpointing the optimum location of the power plant on the absolute temperature scale is presented. The efficiency (first or second law) is maximum when the total investment is split optimally between the external conductance and internal thermal resistance built into the power plant. The efficiency data on existing power plants fall in the domain anticipated theoretically. Some of the trade-offs revealed by the theory are illustrated further by the analysis of an ideal Brayton cycle power plant.
Sleeve Gastrectomy in the Elderly: A Safe and Effective Procedure with Minimal Morbidity and Mortality

Background Previously, we demonstrated the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery in patients over 65 years of age. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of this procedure as a final step for treatment of morbid obesity in the same population.
Initial Trajectory of Carbon Monoxide after Photodissociation from Myoglobin at Cryogenic Temperatures

ABSTRACT : Migration of the CO ligand following photolysis of carbonmonoxy myoglobin (MbCO) insingle crystals has been investigated by time-resolved X-ray diffraction at 40K. After short illuminationby weak visible light at a photolysis rate of ˘1s -1 , the photodissociated CO molecule is found about 1A from its bound location. After continuous illumination over several hours, the CO molecule migratesto a more distant site in the distal pocket, about 2.5 A from its bound location. Migration of the ligandunder continuous illumination accounts for different locations of the photodissociated CO moleculepreviously reported in three cryocrystallographic studies [Teng, T.-Y., et al. (1994)Nat. Struct. Biol. 1,701-705; Schlichting, I., et al. (1994) Nature 371, 808-812; Hartmann, H., et al. (1996) Proc. Natl.Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93, 7013-7016]. Due to the different photolysis protocols employed in these studies,each reveals a different part of the trajectory of the photodissociated CO molecule. When the differentexperimental parts of the trajectory at 40 K are pieced together and combined with our nanosecond time-resolved studies at room temperature [Syrajer, V., et al. (1996) Science 274, 1726-1729], excellent agreementis obtained with recent theoretical predictions of the CO probability distribution in the ligand pocket[Vitkup, D., et al. (1997) Nat. Struct. Biol. 4, 202-208]. The heme relaxation that accompanies ligandphotolysis is incomplete, about 30% of that associated with the conversion of MbCO to deoxy-Mb atroom temperature, and independent of the duration of illumination. Other tertiary structural changes inthe globin are also greatly diminished. The globin structure is therefore very rigid at cryogenic temperatures,and structural relaxation is greatly hindered, consistent with numerous spectroscopic measurements.Ligand binding kinetics and ligand trajectories in myo-globin (Mb)
Age, Growth, and Mortality of the Red Porgy, Pagrus pagrus

Abstract Scales and otoliths of the red porgy, Pagrus pagrus, sampled from the North Carolina and South Carolina headboat fishery were examined to determine if they could be used for aging the species. Both structures were satisfactory, but because of regeneration and false annuli, only 54% of the fish examined could be aged by scales. Ages could be determined from a larger percentage of the otoliths, but preparation and examination was time-consuming. Maximum age of fish collected was XV; maximum total length was 694 mm. Growth occurred from about mid-March to November. Back-calculated mean lengths ranged from 176 mm at end of year 1 to 640 mm at the end of year 15. Total mortality estimates, based on catch curves from over 13,000 fish, ranged from 32 to 55%. The length-weight relationship is described by the equation W = 0.00002524L2.8939, where W is weight in grams, and L is total length in millimeters.
Influence of Sample Size on Chemical and Physical Soil Measurements

Understanding the distribution of soil properties with respect to sample size is essential for designing efficient soil sampling strategies. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of the size of soil samples on the distribution of estimated soil physical (bulk density and water content), chemical (pH and orthophosphate P), and biological (NO 3 -N and denitrification rates) properties. The experiment was conducted at Beltsville, MD, on a Beltsville silt loam soil (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Fragiudult). Soil samples were collected from the surface layer (0-16 cm) using five different sized soil coring tubes, 1.7 to 5.4 cm in diameter, and one 20 by 30 cm block. Thirty-six samples of each sample size were collected twice before and twice after planting corn (Zea mays L.). Frequency distributions of denitrification rates, NO 3 -N, and orthophosphate P values were approximately log-normal, while the values for bulk density, water content, and pH were approximately Gaussian. All soil parameters except bulk density exhibited spatially dependent results. The effect of sample size varied with the soil property. The most consistent size effect was that smaller diameter samples gave smaller means, greater skewness, and higher variances compared with the large-block sample statistics.
On-line velocity measurements using phase probes at the SuperHILAC

Abstract Phase probes have been placed in several external beam lines at the LBL heavy ion linear accelerator (SuperHILAC) to provide nondestructive velocity measurements independent of the ion being accelerated [B. Leemann, D. Brodzik, B. Feinberg and D. Howard, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS-32 (1985)1982]. The system uses three probes in each line to obtain accurate velocity measurements at all beam energies. Automatic gain control and signal analysis are performed so that the energy/nucleon along with up to three probe signals are displayed on a vector graphics display with a refresh rate better than twice per second. The system uses a sensitive pseudocorrelation technique to pick out the signal from the noise, features simultaneous measurements of up to four ion velocities when more than one beam is being accelerated, and is controlled by a touch-screen operator interface. It is accurate to within ±0.25% and has provisions for on-line calibration tests. The phase probes thus provide a velocity measurement independent of the mass defect associated with the use of crystal detectors, which can become significant for heavy elements. They are now used as a routine tuning aid to ensure proper bunch structure, and as a beam velocity monitor.
BISYLLABIC LAXING RULE: VOWEL PREDICTION IN LINGUISTICS AND LANGUAGE LEARNING

Research to help learners of English use spelling clues to predict the vowel and consonant sounds as well as the stress of words has revealed a rule simplification which has practical and theoretical implications. This paper shows that the well-known Trisyllabic Laxing Rule is a subcase of a much simpler and more general vowel quality rule, the Bisyllabic Laxing Rule. On the practical side, the Bisyllabic Laxing Rule gives ESL students a way to predict vowel qualities which heretofore they could only guess at. On the theoretical side, the rule (and others like it) challenges the conventional representation of underlying vowels and the use of vowel alternation rules in the generative description of English phonology.