cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ischemic colitis and acquired resistance to activated protein C in a woman using oral contraceptives

We present the case history of a 22-yr-old woman diagnosed with ischemic colitis associated with the use of oral contraceptives (OC). At the time of her presenting symptoms activated protein C (APC) resistance, a risk factor for thrombosis, was demonstrated. There was no laboratory evidence of inherited thrombophilia; that is, antithrombin III, protein C and protein S levels were normal and the factor V Leiden mutation was not present. The OC were discontinued and the patient's symptoms improved. Subsequent evaluation revealed that the activated protein C resistance had resolved. This case illustrates APC resistance as a potential link between OC use and its known association with ischemic colitis.
Dynamics of a large system of coupled nonlinear oscillators

Abstract We consider the interaction of a large number of limit-cycle oscillators with linear, all-to-all coupling and a distribution of natural frequencies. The system exhibits extremely rich dynamics as the coupling strength and the width of the frequency distribution are varied. We find a variety of steady behaviors that can be described by a stationary distribution in phase space: frequency locking, amplitude death, incoherence and partial locking. An unexpected result is that the system can also exhibit unsteady behavior, in which the phase space distribution evolves periodically, quasiperiodically or even chaotically. The simple form of the model allows us to derive several analytical results. The stability boundaries of amplitude death and incoherence are found explicitly. Rigorous results on the existence and stability of frequency locking are also obtained.
Analysis of low-temperature intermetallic growth in copper-tin diffusion couples

A multiphase diffusion model was constructed and used to analyze the growth of the e- and η-phase intermetallic layers at a plane Cu-Sn interface in a semi-infinite diffusion couple. Experimental measurements of intermetallic layer growth were used to compute the interdiffusivities in thee andη phases and the positions of the interfaces as a function of time. The results suggest that interdiffusion in the e phase(≈De) is well fit by an Arrhenius expression with D0 = 5.48 × 10−9 m2/s andQ = 61.9 kJ/mole, while that in the η phase (≈Dη) has D0= 1.84 × 10−9 m2/s andQ = 53.9 kJ/mole. These values are in reasonable numerical agreement with previous results. The higher interdiffusivity in theη phase has the consequence that theη phase predominates in the intermetallic bilayer. However, the lower activation energy for interdiffusion in theη phase has the result that thee phase fills an increasing fraction of the intermetallic layer at higher temperature: at 20 °C, the predicted e-phase thickness is ≈10 pct of that ofη, while at 200 °C, its thickness is 66 pct of that ofη. In the absence of a strong Kirkendall effect, the original Cu-Sn interface is located within theη-phase layer after diffusion. It lies near the midpoint of theη-phase layer at higher temperature (220 °C) and, hence, appears to shift toward the Sn side of the couple. The results are compared to experimental observations on intermetallic growth at solder-Cu interfaces.
Ultimate frequency response of GaAs injection lasers

Abstract The maximum frequency response attainable in GaAs injection lasers under constraints of limited current density and optical power density is examined in this communication. It is found that under a prescribed current and optical limit, an optimum cavity length exists at which the frequency response attains its maximum. Fundamental frequency limitations under various operating conditions are depicted graphically.
Role of potassium channels in the central neurogenic neuroprotection elicited by cerebellar stimulation in rat

Electrical stimulation of the cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and Fisher rats reduced, by approximately 50%, the infarctions produced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Blockade of ATP-dependent potassium (K-ATP) channels with glibenclamide (i.c.v.) abolished salvage only in the SHR rat. While blockade of K-ATP channels failed to abolish salvage in WKY and Fisher rats, participation of potassium channels in neurogenic neuroprotection cannot be excluded.
Women suicide bombers: narratives of violence

V.G. Julie Rajan, New York, Routledge, 2012, 384 pp, US$46.45 (paperback), ISBN 978-0-4155-3246-4 It is probably safe to say that V.G. Julie Rajan's Women Suicide Bombers: Narratives of Violence is...
Four frames suffice: A provisional model of vision and space

This paper presents a general computational treatment of how mammals are able to deal with visual objects and environments. The model tries to cover the entire range from behavior and phenomenological experience to detailed neural encodings in crude but computationally plausible reductive steps. The problems addressed include perceptual constancies, eye movements and the stable visual world, object descriptions, perceptual generalizations, and the representation of extrapersonal space.The entire development is based on an action-oriented notion of perception. The observer is assumed to be continuously sampling the ambient light for information of current value. The central problem of vision is taken to be categorizing and locating objects in the environment. The critical step in this process is the linking of visual information to symbolic object descriptions; this is called indexing, from the analogy of identifying a book from index terms. The system must also identify situations and use this knowledge to guide movement and other actions in the environment. The treatment focuses on the different representations of information used in the visual system.The four representational frames capture information in the following forms: retinotopic, head-based, symbolic, and allocentric. The functional roles of the four frames, the communication among them, and their suggested neurophysiological realization constitute the core of the paper. The model is perforce crude, but appears to be consistent with all relevant findings.
The relationship between neuropsychological performance and daily functioning in individuals with Alzheimer's disease: ecological validity of neuropsychological tests

The current study examined the relationship between neuropsychological test performance and functional status in 42 individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. A comprehensive battery of cognitive tests was employed in order to assess a wide range of neuropsychological abilities. Functional status was measured through the use of both a performance-based scale of activities of daily living (an expanded version of the Direct Assessment of Functional Status; DAFS, Loewenstein et al., 1989), and by a caregiver/informant-based rating scale (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; IADL, Lawton & Brody, 1969). Findings suggest that neuropsychological functioning is moderately predictive of functional status. Using multiple regression analyses, neuropsychological variables accounted for 25% of the variance in the IADL and 50% of the variance in the DAFS. Individual domains of both functional measures were also significantly predicted by the neuropsychological variables. The findings provide evidence of a relationship between neuropsychological test performance and ADLs in an Alzheimer disease patient population.
Hadron spectroscopy on a large lattice

Abstract Accurate results are presented for light hadron and quark masses in lattice quantum chromodynamics neglecting fermion vacuum polarization effects. A lattice of size 10 × 10 × 10 × 20 is used with a gauge coupling g 2 =1, and results for Wilson and Kogut-Susskind fermions are compared. The results for both fermion actions are in satisfactory agreement with phenomenology but show some substantial disagreement in the estimates for the light quark masses.
Brain Stimulation and National Security: Considering the Narratives of Neuromodulation

While Jonathan Marks (2010) discusses technologies such as psychoactive drugs, neuroimaging, and traditional polygraphs in his article, he does not explore the potential uses of brain stimulation t...
Group performance and interpersonal evaluations as determinants of egotistical attributions in groups1

Group members often try to claim personal credit for the successes of their group while avoiding blame for group failures. Two experiments examined the effects of evaluations from their fellows on such egotism in groups. In Experiment 1, 96 subjects participated in four-person, problem-solving groups, and, after completing the group tasks, rated the competency and worth of each of the other group members. Subjects then received bogus written feedback indicating that the group had either succeeded or failed, and that the other members had considered them: (a) the most competent member of the group, (b) the least competent, or (c) of average competence. Group performance and personal evaluations interacted in influencing subjects' perceptions of their personal performances, relative responsibility for the group performance, and potency within the group, generally supporting predictions derived from self-esteem and equity theory. Subjects claimed more responsibility for success than for failure only when they were favorably evaluated by their peers, and claimed the least responsibility for group success when they were unfavorably evaluated. The latter acceptance of negative peer evaluations was examined in Experiment 2, which manipulated the consensus of the evaluations given 76 high or low self-esteem subjects. Regardless of their self-esteem or the consensus of the evaluations, subjects again seemed to accept unfavorable evaluations. High self-esteem subjects did, though, rate their personal performance and relative responsibility higher than low self-esteem subjects.
Torsion Studies of Thermoelasticity and Stress–Strain Isotherms of Unimodal, Bimodal, and Filled Networks of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)

End-linking reactions were used to convert chains of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) into (i) unfilled networks having either unimodal or bimodal chain-length distributions, or (ii) filled networks in which either a separately-prepared zeolite had been blended into the polymer prior to end linking, or silica was precipitated into the networks afterwards. The resulting elastomers were studied in torsion, the aspect of particular interest in the case of the unfilled networks being the fraction Me/M of the total couple which is due to changes in conformational energy. The values of Me/M were found to be independent of crosslink density, extent of torsional strain, and extent of any elongation imposed during the torsion. The values for the bimodal networks, however, were much smaller than those for the unimodal ones, presumably because of the non-Gaussian nature of the short chains. None of the unimodal or bimodal unfilled networks showed any upturn in modulus at high torsional deformations similar to the upturns shown by bimodal networks in elongation, biaxial extension, and shear. Neither did the filled networks, but they did show significant increases in modulus in general, thus demonstrating reinforcement at least in this regard.
Lewis Wernwag and the Colossus of 1812

Lewis Wernwag was one of the leading long span wooden bridge builders in the early 1800s. While he built many major bridges, his most well known one was a bridge he built across the Schuylkill River in 1811–1812, commonly known as The Colossus. It was the longest single span (340 ft and 3 in.) wooden bridge in the United States for many years. It was burned by an arsonist in 1838 and replaced by Charles Ellet’s Fairmount Suspension Bridge in 1842.
An extended structural analysis of long bones—Application to the human tibia

Abstract A computer model is used to investigate the importance of several assumptions associated with whole bone modeling. The importance of shearing deformations relative to bending deformations, and the coupling between transverse loading and torsion are shown to be negligible. A more rigorous solution for torsion in hollow, irregular solids, the three dimensional twisted geometry of the tibia and the values chosen for Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio are all shown to be significant factors. The material properties are assumed to be linear, elastic and isotropic. The analysis is concerned primarily with modeling the response of the whole bone to loads transmitted through the epiphyses, and with detailed stress distributions in the diaphysis. An outline of the computer model and the experimental data are presented.
Racial Differences in Family Support and Formal Service Utilization among Older Persons: A Nonrecursive Model

This research examines the relationship between the utilization of family help with activities of daily living and the use of formal community services among elderly persons for both Blacks and Whites. The analysis tests a nonrecursive model proposing a reciprocal relationship between the use of family for help with ADL/IADL tasks and the utilization of services by race. Two contradictory hypotheses are tested: the "compensatory" or "substitution" hypothesis, which suggests a negative reciprocal relationship between the use of informal and formal support, and the "linking" hypothesis, which indicates a positive reciprocal relationship. A multivariate analysis of data from the 1984 Supplement on Aging tested these hypotheses. The results fully support the "substitution" hypothesis for older Whites, but only partially for older Blacks. Receiving formal services is not associated with lower use of informal supports among Blacks.
The Optics of Microdensitometry

A review of the current developments in microdensitometry is made, with emphasis on the investigations leading to the current level of understanding of optical performance. The classical microdensitometer is then analyzed according to the principles of the theory of partial coherence. Conditions for the insuring of linear operation are derived, and the idea of effective incoherence at the source aperture is presented with a discussion of the implications. The various microdensitometer configurations are subjected to analysis, and the four possible variations (viz., overfilling, underfilling, with two possible locations for the sampling aperture) are thoroughly evaluated. The new concept of linear microdensitometry is discussed and summarized briefly. The current concerns of microdensitometry are then presented and considered. The restrictions on maximum sample frequency as a result of the partial coherence in the illumination is a major concern of this paper, and tables are presented for typical microdensitometer configurations that delineate the kinds of limitations that can be expected.
Müllerian Inhibiting Substance Regulates NFκB Signaling and Growth of Mammary Epithelial Cells in Vivo

Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) inhibits breast cancer cell growth in vitro through interference with cell cycle progression and induction of apoptosis, a process associated with NFκB activation and up-regulation of one of its important target genes, IEX-1S (Segev, D. L., Ha, T., Tran, T. T., Kenneally, M., Harkin, P., Jung, M., MacLaughlin, D. T., Donahoe, P. K., and Maheswaran, S. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 28371–28379). Here we demonstrate that MIS activates the NFκB signaling cascade, induces IEX-1S mRNA, and inhibits the growth of MCF10A, an immortalized human breast epithelial cell line with characteristics of normal cells. In vivo, an inverse correlation was found to exist between various stages of mammary growth and MIS type II receptor expression. Receptor mRNA significantly diminished during puberty, when the ductal system branches and invades the adipose stroma and during the expansive growth at lactation, but it was up-regulated during involution, a time of regression and apoptosis. Peripartum variations in MIS type II receptor expression correlated with NFκB activation and IEX-1S mRNA expression. Administration of MIS to female mice induced NFκB DNA binding and IEX-1S mRNA expression in the breast. Furthermore, exposure to MIS in vivo increased apoptosis in the mouse mammary ductal epithelium. Thus, MIS may function as an endogenous hormonal regulator of NFκB signaling and growth in the breast.
Cross-country differences in the use of management accounting tools

This paper examines the impact of local cultural influences as well as global market forces on the use of management accounting tools (MATs). We surveyed the use of MATs by Indian firms that listed ADRs on the US capital markets. We chose Indian firms because India is an important developing nation that has an important global presence. Overall, we found a high use of MATs by Indian firms. These firms are larger companies and are influenced by several factors, such as local culture and economic development, as well as mitigating global market forces. Contrary to prior findings that the use of contemporary tools is lacking in developing countries compared with the US, we found that our sample of Indian firms had a high use of some contemporary MATs. Our results also indicate that size, but not industry classification, influenced the choice of certain MATs.
95 MYOCARDIAL PERFORMANCE DURING REGRESSION OF LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY

We have previously shown that increased myocardial mass but not increased connective tissue returns toward normal after relief of left ventricular pressure (LVp) overload. In the present study we measured in situ LV performance in the rat 2, 4 and 8 wks after relief of supravalvar aortic constriction (SAC) of 4 wks duration. Parameters included LV and aortic pressure, cardiac index (CI), stroke power and work (SP, SW), peak flow velocity (pFlV), flow acceleration (dF/dt) and contractility indices (Vpm, Vmax). In animals relieved of SAC (dB), LVp was similar to those of control animals (C). CI in dB was significantly lower than in C at 2 and 4 wks, 97.2±10.3 vs 197.9±16.6 ml/min/kg, P < 0.001, (2 wks); and 173.8±14.5 vs 226.7±8.2, P<0.01, (4 wks). By 8 wks CI in dB and C did not significantly differ, 229.0±16.4 vs 212.0±9.2, P=NS. Similar changes were found in SP and SW. Parameters of myocardial contractility, dP/dtmax, dF/dt, pFlV, Vpm and Vmax were not significantly different between C and dB. Animals with continued aortic constriction (B) had lower values of pFlV and dF/dt than C. LV-body wt ratios (LV/BW) in dB were less than B at 4 wks but still significantly greater than C. By 8 wks LV/BW in dB and C were not significantly different. These data suggest that alterations in ventricular performance persist for a time following complete relief of pressure overload but eventually do return toward normal. The changes which did occur were those of pump function rather than muscle contractility.
A Bayesian network incorporating observation error to predict phosphorus and chlorophyll a in Saginaw Bay

Empirical relationships between lake chlorophyll a and total phosphorus concentrations are widely used to develop predictive models. These models are often estimated using sample averages as implicit surrogates for unknown lake-wide means, a practice than can result in biased parameter estimation and inaccurate predictive uncertainty. We develop a Bayesian network model based on empirical chlorophyll-phosphorus relationships for Saginaw Bay, an embayment on Lake Huron. The model treats the means as unknown parameters, and includes structure to accommodate the observation error associated with estimating those means. Compared with results from an analogous simple model using sample averages, the observation error model has a lower predictive uncertainty and predicts lower chlorophyll and phosphorus concentrations under contemporary lake conditions. These models will be useful to guide pending decision-making pursuant to the 2012 Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement.
Theoretical investigation on hermeticity testing of MEMS packages based on MIL-STD-883E

Abstract In the present study, a gas flow model is used to show that the helium bomb test and bubble test methods in MIL-STD-883E are not applicable for hermeticity testing of packages with small internal volumes ( −3 cm 3 ), typically encountered for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The reasons include inaccurate reading due to helium loss in dwell period, undefined regime in leak rate spectrum, and unpractical reject limit for small vacuum packages. The simulation results indicate the necessity to develop new test methods for hermeticity testing of MEMS packages, such as to integrate pressure sensors in the package.
Paraconductivity in nonuniform Josephson junctions

Abstract Two mechanisms are considered to explain the anomaly of pair tunneling current observed above Tc in Al-Al2O3-Pb junctions: (1) The effect of random variations of barrier thickness on the excess current is calculated. Strong and long wavelength variations are required to explain the data. (2) The effect of static fluctuations of the local Tc of the aluminum film on the dynamic order parameter is calculated in the gaussian approximation. Fluctuations on average size approximately equal to the correlation length ξ(T = 0) and mean square amplitude 〈(δT c ) 2 〉 ⋍ 0.058 give good agreement with experimental data.
A nonlocal Poisson bracket of the sine-Gordon model

It is well known that the classical string on a two-sphere is more or less equivalent to the sine-Gordon model. We consider the non-abelian dual of the classical string on a two-sphere. We show that there is a projection map from the phase space of this model to the phase space of the sine-Gordon model. The corresponding Poisson structure of the sine-Gordon model is nonlocal with one integration.
Indonesian Terms of Address in a Situation of Rapid Social Change

Terms of address reflect, perhaps more than other parts of speech, the ideological basis of a society's status structure. Therefore, if that society has undergone, or is undergoing, rapid social changes, it is to be expected that linguistic changes will become evident in many areas but specifically in that of social relations. It is vitally important to know the right terms of approach to one's equals, one's superiors, and one's inferiors. This study traces the social and political changes that took place in Indonesia during the past century up to the present, and examines some of the linguistic changes that accompanied them. It was found that, whereas prewar terms of address reflected regional diversity and the status categories of feudal and colonial times, the modern terminology shows a tendency toward unification and greater equality. If language is an integral part of social structure, reflecting as well as influencing that structure's basic categories and values, we may expect very noticeable changes in linguistic usage in periods of rapid social change. This does not necessarily mean that such linguistic/semantic changes will emerge at exactly the same time that significant changes are arising in the political, economic or other aspects of society. They may precede such changes or lag behind. It would, however, be highly unlikely if rapid changes in the social structure would not be accompanied by any changes in linguistic usage.
Comparison theorems for the square integrability of solutions of ( r ( t ) y ')'+ q ( t ) y = f ( t , y )

Bellman [1], [2, p. 116] proved that, if all solutions of the equationare in L2, ∞) and b(t) is bounded, then all solutions ofare also in L2(a, ∞). The purpose of this paper is to present conditions on the function f that guarantee that all solutions ofbe in the class L2(a, ∞) whenever all solutions of the equationhave this property. It is assumed that r(t) >0, r and qare continuous on a half line (a, ∞) and f is continuous. Actually the continuity assumptions may be weakened to local integrability and L2 (a, ∞) may be replaced by Lp(a, ∞) for any p > 1.
PRESCHOOLERS' COMPLIANCE WITH SIMPLE INSTRUCTIONS: A DESCRIPTIVE AND EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION

Compliance is often used to describe a situation in which a child completes instructions from adults, and low levels of compliance are a common teacher concern. We conducted a descriptive assessment that showed that compliance was relatively stable for individual children, variable across children, and positively correlated with age. The impact of six antecedent variables (proximity, position, physical contact, eye contact, vocal attention, and play interruption) on compliance was assessed for 4 children. Next, the effects of three-step prompting were assessed alone, in combination with the antecedent variables, and at different integrity levels for 2 children. Results of the experimental analyses showed that compliance gradually increased with the addition of each antecedent variable for 2 of the 4 children. Three-step prompting in combination with the six antecedent variables increased compliance for the remaining 2 children, and high compliance levels were maintained until treatment integrity was decreased to 20% of full strength. The utility of this naturalistic compliance assessment is discussed, as are the relevant experiences that give rise to acceptable levels of compliance in preschool classrooms.
A Conversation with Oliver Smithies

Professor Oliver Smithies is the Weatherspoon Eminent Distinguished Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Along with Mario Capecchi and Martin Evans, Oliver was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in Physiology or Medicine in 2007 for his contributions to the development of gene targeting using homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. This technique has had an immense impact on biomedical research over the past two decades. Professor Smithies has had a long and distinguished career as a researcher and mentor. Here, he provides an entertaining and enlightening discussion of his life in science.
On the collision of a droplet with a solid surface

The collision dynamics of a liquid droplet on a solid metallic surface were studied using a flash photographic method. The intent was to provide clear images of the droplet structure during the deformation process. The ambient pressure (0.101 MPa), surface material (polished stainless steel), initial droplet diameter (about 1.5 mm), liquid (n-heptane) and impact Weber number (43) were fixed. The primary parameter was the surface temperature, which ranged from 24 degrees C to above the Leidenfrost temperature of the liquid. Experiments were also performed on a droplet impacting a surface on which there existed a liquid film created by deposition of a prior droplet. The evolution of wetted area and spreading rate, both of a droplet on a stainless steel surface and of a droplet spreading over a thin liquid film, were found to be independent of surface temperature during the early period of impact. This result was attributed to negligible surface tension and viscous effects, and in consequence the measurements made during the early period of the impact process were in good agreement with previously published analyses which neglected these effects. A single bubble was observed to form within the droplet during impact at low temperatures. As surface temperature was increased the population of bubbles within the droplet also increased because of progressive activation of nucleation sites on the stainless steel surface. At surface temperatures near to the boiling point of heptane, a spoke-like cellular structure in the liquid was created during the spreading process by coalescence of a ring of bubbles that had formed within the droplet. At higher temperatures, but below the Leidenfrost point, numerous bubbles appeared within the droplet, yet the overall droplet shape, particularly in the early stages of impact (< 0.8 ms), was unaffected by the presence of these bubbles. The maximum value of the diameter of liquid which spreads on the surface is shown to agree with predictions from a simplified model.
Soft collinear factorization in effective field theory

The factorization of soft and ultrasoft gluons from collinear particles is shown at the level of operators in an effective field theory. Exclusive hadronic factorization and inclusive partonic factorization follow as special cases. The leading-order Lagrangian is derived using power counting and gauge invariance in the effective theory. Several species of gluons are required, and softer gluons appear as background fields to gluons with harder momenta. Two examples are given: the factorization of soft gluons in $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}D\ensuremath{\pi}$ and the soft-collinear convolution for the $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}{X}_{s}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ spectrum.
Codon Pair Utilization Biases Influence Translational Elongation Step Times

Two independent assays capable of measuring the relative in vivo translational step times across a selected codon pair in a growing polypeptide in the bacterium Escherichia coli have been employed to demonstrate that codon pairs observed in protein coding sequences more frequently than predicted (over-represented codon pairs) are translated slower than pairs observed less frequently than expected (under-represented codon pairs). These results are consistent with the findings that translational step times are influenced by codon context and that these context effects are related to the compatabilities of adjacent tRNA isoacceptor molecules on the surface of a translating ribosome. These results also support our previous suggestion that the frequency of one codon next to another has co-evolved with the structure and abundance of tRNA isoacceptors in order to control the rates of translational step times without imposing additional constraints on amino acid sequences or protein structures.
Linkage analysis merging replicate phenotypes: an application to three quantitative phenotypes in two African samples

We report two approaches for linkage analysis of data consisting of replicate phenotypes. The first approach is specifically designed for the unusual (in human data) replicate structure of the Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 pedigree data. The second approach consists of a standard linkage analysis that, although not specifically tailored to data consisting of replicate genotypes, was envisioned as providing a sounding board against which our novel approach could be assessed. Both approaches are applied to the analysis of three quantitative phenotypes (Q1, Q2, and Q4) in two sets of African families. All analyses were carried out blind to the generating model (i.e., the “answers”). Using both methods, we found numerous significant linkage signals for Q1, although population colocalization was absent for most of these signals. The linkage analysis of Q2 and Q4 failed to reveal any strong linkage signals.
Stalin's Martyrs: The Tragic Romance of the Russian Revolution

(2003). Stalin's Martyrs: The Tragic Romance of the Russian Revolution. Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 95-126.
Subjective cognitive dysfunction associated with drug-induced parkinsonism in schizophrenia.

Abstract The authors investigated the subjective cognitive dysfunction associated with drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) among 58 stabilized schizophrenic outpatients. Subjective cognitive dysfunction was comprehensively assessed using the Frankfurt Complaint Questionnaire (FCQ). Multivariate analysis revealed that the DIP group scored significantly higher on the total FCQ score than the non-DIP group. In phenomenological subscale scores, the DIP group had significantly higher scores on “deterioration of discrimination”, “psychomotor disorder”, and “perceptual disorder” than the non-DIP group. These results suggest that DIP is significantly associated with subjective cognitive-perceptual dysfunction, reflecting the complex nature of DIP that includes motor and cognitive aspects.
Surface wave tomography of the western United States from ambient seismic noise: Rayleigh and Love wave phase velocity maps

SUMMARY We present the results of Rayleigh wave and Love wave phase velocity tomography in the western United States using ambient seismic noise observed at over 250 broad-band stations from the EarthScope/USArray Transportable Array and regional networks. All available threecomponent time-series for the 12-month span between 2005 November 1 and 2006 October 31 have been cross-correlated to yield estimated empirical Rayleigh and Love wave Green’s functions. The Love wave signals were observed with higher average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than Rayleigh wave signals and hence cannot be fully explained by the scattering of Rayleigh waves. Phase velocity dispersion curves for both Rayleigh and Love waves between 5 and 40 speriod were measured for each interstation path by applying frequency‐time analysis. The average uncertainty and systematic bias of the measurements are estimated using a method based on analysing thousands of nearly linearly aligned station-triplets. We find that empirical Green’s functions can be estimated accurately from the negative time derivative of the symmetric component ambient noise cross-correlation without explicit knowledge of the source distribution. The average traveltime uncertainty is less than 1 s at periods shorter than 24 s. We present Rayleigh and Love wave phase speed maps at periods of 8, 12, 16,and 20 s. The maps show clear correlations with major geological structures and qualitative agreement with previous results based on Rayleigh wave group speeds.
1,1,2‐Trifluoroethenyl Zinc (Chloride, Bromide, Iodide)

(1; X = Cl) [102526-37-4] C2F3ZnCl (MW 181.7) InChI = 1S/C2F3.ClH.Zn/c3-1-2(4)5;;/h;1H;/q;;+1/p-1 InChIKey = BAWRBXGQZOIZMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M (2; X = Br) [105417-08-1] C2F3ZnBr (MW 226.3) InChI = 1S/C2F3.BrH.Zn/c3-1-2(4)5;;/h;1H;/q;;+1/p-1 InChIKey = HUIOAUQSDRXHEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3; X = I) [105417-09-2] C2F3ZnI (MW 273.3) InChI = 1S/C2F3.HI.Zn/c3-1-2(4)5;;/h;1H;/q;;+1/p-1 InChIKey = DBNUOZDZZUMSJK-UHFFFAOYSA-M (perfluorovinyl building blocks that can participate in a range of Negishi-type cross-coupling reactions.1-5 Transmetallation of perfluorovinyl zinc bromide with copper6 or tin7 gives other useful fluorovinyl synthons that can be used in a range of coupling reactions) Physical Data: both CF2CFZnBr and CF2CFZnI exist in solution as an equilibrating mixture of mono- and bis-alkylated zinc compounds. The ratio of species in solution can be determined from 19F NMR analysis, and depends on both the vinyl halide starting material and the reaction solvent.8 Solubility: the chloride has been prepared in THF,9 while the bromide and iodides have been prepared in a variety of solvents including DMF, DMAc, THF, MeCN, and glymes.8 Analysis of Reagent Purity: 19F NMR (see Burton and co-workers).8 Preparative Method: CF2CFZnCl was first prepared in 1985 by Normant and co-workers by the lithiation of 1,1,2-trifluoroethenyl chloride with a range of butyllithiums in THF or Et2O at low temperature followed by transmetallation with ZnCl2 (eq 1). 9-11 The use of low temperature is necessary to prevent both the attack of the alkyllithium base on the starting material and the elimination of LiF from the product. Both side reactions occur at temperatures greater than −70 °C. An alternative preparation of the perfluorovinyllithium precursor has been recently reported beginning from the inexpensive and environmentally benign CF3CFH2 (Freon 134a). The two-step dehydrofluorination-hydrolithiation was carried out at low temperature.12-14 The necessity to use low temperatures was overcome by Burton and co-workers, who prepared the diisopropylamine complex of perfluorovinyl zinc chloride by reaction of CF3CFH2 with ZnCl2 in the presence of LDA at ambient temperature (eq 2).15 (1) (2) CF2CFZnBr and CF2CFZnI are also conveniently prepared by allowing 1,1,2-trifluoroethenyl bromide to react with acid-washed zinc metal at room temperature.8, 16, 17 The resulting mixture of mono- and bisalkylated zinc compounds was used without further purification (eq 3). (3) Handling, Storage, and Precautions: stock solutions of CF2CFZnBr and CF2CFZnI are reported to be stable for a period of several days at room temperature, or several weeks in the refrigerator. The reagents were readily hydrolyzed to CF2CFH.8
Developing autonomous missions through intelligent on-board architectures

As NASA visualizes the future of space exploration, they will encounter a number of challenges during the development of new missions whose goals are to return man to the Moon and explore Mars and other planets. While NASA has been extremely successful with manned flight, continuous exploration of deep space holds it own unique challenges like large latencies, high bit error rates, and sparse and infrequent communications opportunities. To overcome these challenges, NASA must develop intelligent and extensible on-board architectures that can result in autonomous missions for deep space exploration. These missions, whether manned or unmanned, must provide self-management and- self-healing services to achieve mission success. The goal of this paper is to develop and explain an intelligent and extensible on-board satellite architecture that can be reconfigured to meet the requirements of many missions. This architecture is compared and contrasted with existing on-board architectures that are currently considered the state-of-the-art. Finally, the required steps need to take these architectures from concept to implementation are discussed.
Prostate-bladder phantom for radionuclide imaging research

Radionuclide imaging modalities such as SPECT and PET can play an important role in detecting primary prostate cancer and pelvic lymph node metastasis. However, these imaging techniques are mostly limited by poor spatial resolution and photon detection sensitivity to perform clinical investigations (e.g., 111In-capromab pendetide SPECT(/CT) and 11C-choline/acetate PET(/CT)). New hardware or software approaches, often combined with new radionuclide imaging probes, to resolve the issues with the current technology can benefit from a radionuclide phantom that can realistically model prostate, bladder, and lymph nodes in pelvis. In order to make such a phantom, prostate and bladder inserts were designed to fit in the NEMA-IEC body phantom. With the six fillable spheres of various diameters in this body phantom, prostate and bladder inserts replacing the cylindrical lung insert, comprise a prostate-bladder phantom for radionuclide imaging. In addition, the prostate insert is divided into four compartments with two larger compartments simulating normal prostate areas and two smaller compartments simulating lesions within prostate. The spheres model various sizes of lymph nodes and large blood vessels in the pelvis. This custom-made prostate-bladder phantom filled with 99mTc-pertechnetate in all fillable volumes (prostate, bladder, and spheres) and the body cylinder was imaged with a clinical SPECT/CT scanner (Infinia Hawkeye, GE Healthcare). The activity concentrations were 1:4:7 ([body phantom]:[spheres, bladder, and two larger compartments of prostate]:[two smaller compartments of prostate]) with the total administered activity less than 111 MBq. In the reconstructed SPECT/CT images, all inserts were visible except the two smallest spheres due to the limited spatial resolution of the camera. The prostate-bladder phantom presented in this report can be used in radionuclide imaging experiments that have goals of improving prostate cancer staging by either hardware or software techniques.
Narrative Skills and Genre Knowledge: Ways of Telling in the Primary School Grades.

Children in the preschool years develop a linguistic repertoire of narrative skills as they adapt their ways of representing events to different occasions of language use. The present study examines the abilities of primary school children to draw upon their repertoire of narrative skills in the service of language tasks. Children in grades K-2 were shown a shortened version of the silent film, The Red Balloon, and were asked to perform three narrative tasks: (a) produce an on-line narration of a 3-minute segment from the film, (b) recount the film's events as a news report, and (c) recount the film's events as an embellished story. The narrative texts produced for each task were subjected to analyses of linguistic markers of genre differences. The findings revealed very subtle distinctions between the narrative texts produced for the three genre tasks, leading to the conclusion that primary grade children have only nascent ability to apply their genre knowledge to school language tasks.
Using Telemedicine to Conduct Behavioral Assessments

We describe the use of telemedicine by the Biobehavioral Service at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics to conduct brief functional analyses for children with developmental and behavioral disorders who live in rural areas of Iowa. Instead of being served at our outpatient facility, participants received initial behavioral assessments in their local schools or social service agencies via videoconference. Case descriptions for 2 participants whose evaluations were conducted via telemedicine, and a brief summary of all outpatient assessments conducted over a 4-year period by the Biobehavioral Service, are provided. This report extends previous applications of functional analysis procedures by examining brief behavioral assessments conducted via telemedicine.
Effects of Fine-Scale Topography on CO2 Flux Components of Alaskan Coastal Plain Tundra: Response to Contrasting Growing Seasons

Abstract Arctic regions hold considerable reservoirs of soil organic carbon. However, most of this carbon is in a potential labile state, and expected changes in temperature and water availability could strongly affect the carbon balance of tundra ecosystems. Plant community composition and soil carbon are closely tied to microtopography and position relative to the water table. We evaluated CO2 fluxes and moss contribution to ecosystem photosynthesis in response to fine-scale topography across a drained lake bed in Barrow, Alaska, during two contrasting growing seasons. CO2 exchange was assessed through static chamber measurements in three vegetation classes distinguished by plant dominance and topographic position within low-centered polygons. Gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) were the lowest under high soil moisture conditions in 2006. ER responded more strongly to wet conditions, resulting in a larger summer sink in 2006 than in 2005 (64 vs. 17g CO2 m−2, respectively). Micr...
Foraminiferal Biofacies, Santa Monica Bay, California: ABSTRACT

Santa Monica Bay embraces an area extending more than 45 km. between Point Dume on the north and Palos Verdes Point on the south, and from the shoreline out into Santa Monica basin. Principal features are the mainland shelf (0 to 80 meters), the basin slope (80 to about 900 meters), and the basin floor which extends down to about 938 meters. The mainland shelf is a truncated positive feature separating the Santa Monica basin on the west from the filled Los Angeles basin on the east. Exposed Miocene-Pleistocene rocks on the shelf suggest this feature was formed during the Quaternary. Relict upper Pleistocene-Holocene sediments and faunas provide evidence of an episodic transgression of sea-level across the shelf. Analysis of 85 bottom samples indicates that Recent sediments become finer offshore with the exception of relict grains, and nitrogen values generally are higher in the deeper, fine-grained sediments. Echinoderms and mollusks dominate the megafauna near the edge of the shelf. General foraminiferal trends are: foraminiferal abundance increases offshore; live specimens are most abundant in the central shelf area; living species are most abundant in the central shelf area and in the bathyal zone; higher live/dead ratios occur on the central and outer shelf in areas of slow deposition; arenaceous types dominate dead populations on the central shelf; and live hyaline types are more than 8 times as abundant as live arenaceous forms in most areas. Inshore foraminiferal groups are characterized by species of Rotorbinella, Discorbis, and Elphidium. Open shelf biofacies are characterized by Buliminella elegantissima, Eggerella advena, Bulimina marginata denudata, and Trochammina pacifica. Species of Nonionella, normally abundant, are relatively rare, possibly because of ocean pollution. A Bolivina acuminata group of species is characteristic of the shelf edge and the upper basin slope. A deeper water Bolivina argentea basin facies appears at about 400 meters and is dominant on the floor of Santa Monica basin. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1079------------
Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for 1-butanol and 1-propanol production via the keto-acid pathways

Production of higher alcohols via the keto-acid intermediates found in microorganism's native amino-acid pathways has recently shown promising results. In this work, an Escherichia coli strain that produces 1-butanol and 1-propanol from glucose was constructed. The strain first converts glucose to 2-ketobutyrate, a common keto-acid intermediate for isoleucine biosynthesis. Then, 2-ketobutyrate is converted to 1-propanol through reactions catalyzed by the heterologous decarboxylase and dehydrogenase, or to 1-butanol via the chemistry involved in the synthesis of the unnatural amino acid norvaline. We systematically improved the synthesis of 1-propanol and 1-butanol through deregulation of amino-acid biosynthesis and elimination of competing pathways. The final strain demonstrated a production titer of 2 g/L with nearly 1:1 ratio of butanol and propanol.
Evaluation of the effects of september hunting seasons on Canada geese in Nebraska

Populations of temperate-nesting Canada geese (Branta canadensis) have increased in Nebraska, USA, resulting in an increased number of nuisance and damage complaints. September hunting seasons were initiated in southeastern Nebraska in 2004 to reduce populations of Canada geese. We analyzed band recoveries from Canada geese banded in southeastern Nebraska during their hatch-year (HY) or after-hatch-year (AHY) to determine whether September hunting seasons affected survival, harvest, and recovery rates. Survival analyses revealed that HY geese had higher survival than AHY geese (SAHY = 0.696, 95% CI = 0.679–0.713; SHY = 0.896, 95% CI = 0.786–0.953) and September seasons did not affect survival of geese in southeastern Nebraska. Geese banded in the geographic zone with the September seasons (southeastern Nebraska) had the same survival as did geese outside the hunt zone (northeastern Nebraska; S = 0.711, 95% CI = 0.666–0.752). September hunting seasons affected timing of band recovery; 23–49% of annual band recoveries occurred during the month of September. Prior to the initiation of the September seasons, the highest percent of recoveries occurred during November. The September seasons appeared to temporally redistribute harvest but did not reduce survival for populations of Canada geese in southeastern Nebraska. Continuation of the season may not be warranted, because management does not appear to be affecting AHY survival, which is needed to reduce the population. Additional or new methods are likely needed to control populations of temperate-nesting Canada geese in Nebraska and managers should evaluate the effectiveness of these methods as they are implemented. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
An Overview of Problems in Sexual Functioning

Complaints about problems with sexual functioning in heterosexuals as well as homosexuals are seen more frequently now than they were in the past. This is related to the social acceptability of acknowledging sexual difficulties as well as to the knowledge about the causes and treatment of these disorders.