cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The proper study of instructional technology

This is the 10th ERIC/ECTJ Annual Review Paper, preparation of which was supported by the ERIC (Educational Resources Information Center) Clearinghouse on Information Resources, Syracuse University. The material in this article was prepared pursuant to a contract with the National Institute of Education, U.S. Department of Education. Contractors undertaking such projects under government sponsorship are encouraged to express freely their judgment in professional and technical matters. Points of view or opinions do not necessarily represent the official view or opinion of the NIE. - Ed.
Structure-dependent Induction of Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase in Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines and Characterization of the Ah Receptor

The structure-dependent induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran, and 1,2,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin was determined in the MCF-7, T47-D, and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines. Both the MCF-7 and T47-D cells were responsive to the induction effects of the halogenated aryl hydrocarbons and the structure-induction relationships were comparable to the reported structure-activity (induction, receptor binding, and toxicity) relationships observed in rodents and rodent cells in culture. The induction of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase in the T47-D cells was the most sensitive aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor-mediated response in both cell lines and this enzyme activity was more inducible than aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase. In contrast, the three congeners were inactive as monooxygenase enzyme inducers in the MDA-MB-231 cells. Despite the differential Ah responsiveness of the cell lines, incubation of the cells with [3H]-2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin followed by extraction of the nuclei with high salt and velocity sedimentation analysis of the extracts showed that specifically bound nuclear Ah receptor complexes were present in the three cell lines. The sedimentation coefficients (and levels) for the nuclear receptors were 6.6 S (32.1 fmol/mg protein/mg DNA), 6.9 S (61.6 fmol/mg protein/mg DNA), and 7.4 S (38.2 fmol/mg protein/mg DNA) in the T47-D, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, respectively. Cytosolic receptor was also detected in the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Thus, despite the differences in Ah responsiveness of the T47-D and MDA-MB-231 cells, comparable levels of nuclear receptor were detected in both cell lines. Furthermore, the elution profiles of the nuclear receptors from DNA-Sepharose columns by using a salt gradient were similar and this suggested that defects in the DNA-binding activity of MDA-MB-231 nuclear receptor complexes were not major factors associated with their failure to respond to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and related compounds.
Jupiter's distant environment

Qualitative features of the distant Jovian magnetosphere which have been noted previously are reviewed. These features include the highly deformable or spongy nature of the outer regions, the temporal variability of the middle magnetosphere, the presence of a near-equatorial ring current sheet from about 30 Jupiter radii to the magnetopause and the regular oscillation of particle and field properties associated with planetary rotation. We next add evidence for the persistent presence of a layer of magnetic turbulence in the portion of the magnetosphere just inside the magnetopause and we examine its properties. The importance of the presence of the turbulent layer to theoretical models of the magnetosphere is stressed.
Prezygotic isolation between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces paradoxus through differences in mating speed and germination timing

Although prezygotic isolation between sympatric populations of closely related animal and plant species is well documented, far less is known about such evolutionary phenomena in sexual microbial species, as most are difficult to culture and manipulate. Using the molecular and genetic tools available for the unicellular fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and applying them to S. paradoxus, we tested the behavior of individual cells from sympatric woodland populations of both species for evidence of prezygotic isolation. First, we confirmed previous observations that vegetative cells of both species mate preferentially with S. cerevisiae. Next, we found evidence for mate discrimination in spores, the stage in which outcrossing opportunities are most likely to occur. There were significant differences in germination timing between the species: under the same conditions, S. paradoxus spores do not begin germinating until almost all S. cerevisiae spores have finished. When germination time was staggered, neither species discriminated against the other, suggesting that germination timing is responsible for the observed mate discrimination. Our results indicate that the mechanisms of allochronic isolation that are well known in plants and animals can also operate in sexual microbes.
Automatic voice recognition using artificial neural network approach

Research to develop an algorithm for isolated-word recognition is described. Features extraction is carried out by applying a linear predictive coding (LPC) algorithm with order of 10. To implement and test the proposed algorithm a microcomputer-based data acquisition system has been designed and constructed. To examine the similarity between the reference and the training sets, a back propagation artificial neural net model with three layers is implemented. The adaptation rule implemented in this network is the generalized least mean square (LMS) rule. >
Detection of Eber-1 RNA in primary brain lymphomas in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients

Tissue from primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) which developed in five patients with acquired immuno deficiency syndrome (AIDS), nine patients without immunodeficiency, and two Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive control cell lines (B95-8 and Raji) were examined for the presence of EBER-1 RNA. The tissues were hybridized with digoxigenin-labeled sense or anti-sense EBER-1 riboprobes. In all five AIDS-related PCNSLs, strong hybridization signals were found with the EBER-1 anti-sense probe. Signals could be eliminated by preincubation of the tissues with RNase-A. Hybridization with the EBER-1 sense probe showed no signal. All PCNSLs from immunocompetent patients (five paraffin-embedded, four frozen) showed no hybridization signals with EBER-1 sense or antisense probe but good hybridization signals with probes to immunoglobulin kappa or lambda light chain indicating RNA preservation. The paraffin-embedded B95-8-positive control cell-line showed positive hybridization in most cells with the anti-sense EBER-1 probe, and up to one percent of the cells had a weak signal with the sense probe. Most Raji cells showed a uniform signal with the anti-sense EBER-1 probe only. We conclude that, PCNSLs that arise in AIDS patients are associated with latent EBV infections, whereas PCNSLs from immunocompetent patients are not indicating a probable role for EBV in pathogenesis of these tumors.
Soul and role dialogues in higher education: Healing the divided self

This chapter describes the origin of faculty–staff gatherings modeled on the Circle of Trust® approach. It outlines the structure of the meetings, offers descriptions of participant experiences, and ends with suggestions for ways of hosting similar gatherings on other college campuses.
Fractal basins in the control of the logistic equation

Abstract A 3-D map which describes the adaptive control of a chaotic logistic equation to a fixed point is studied. Smooth and fractal regions are found in both the basin of attraction for the desired fixed point (i.e. successful control) and in the escape time pattern. These regions appear to be intertwined for the escape time pattern but for some parts of the basin boundary smooth regions appear without being intertwined with fractal regions. The existence of both smooth and fractal regions has important implications in quantifying the robustness of control algorithms which yield fractal basins.
Spontaneous gauge symmetry breaking in conformal theories of a four-dimensional superstring

Abstract We formulate a mechanism of spontaneous gauge symmetry breaking with continuous parameters, in the superconformal theory approach to four-dimensional superstring theories. As an example, we inspect the 1 9 -model with the breaking of the gauge group SO(26). Supersymmetry is unbroken, maintaining the zero cosmological constant, and realistic gauge groups such as E 8 ⊗ SU(3) ⊗ SU(2) ⊗ U(1) 11 are obtained after the gauge breaking for the 1 × 16 3 -model with three generations.
JOURNAL WRITING: CONNECTING READING AND WRITING IN MAINSTREAM EDUCATIONAL SETTINGS

(2001). JOURNAL WRITING: CONNECTING READING AND WRITING IN MAINSTREAM EDUCATIONAL SETTINGS. Reading & Writing Quarterly: Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 93-98.
A simple and efficient scheme for phase field crystal simulation

We propose an unconditionally stable semi-implicit time discretization of the phase field crystal evolution. It is based on splitting the underlying energy into convex and concave parts and then performing H −1 gradient descent steps implicitly for the former and explicitly for the latter. The splitting is effected in such a way that the resulting equations are linear in each time step and allow an extremely simple implementation and efficient solution. We provide the associated stability and error analysis as well as numerical experiments to validate the method's efficiency. Resume. Une discretisation semi-implicite et inconditionnellement stable est proposee pour l'´ evolution du modele appele phase field crystal . L'idee principale consiste ` ´ l'´ energie correspondante en deux parties, l'une convexe et l'autre concave, puiseffectuer des pas de gradient H −1 pour lesquels on traite les deux parties implicitement et explicitement respectivement. La decomposition de l'´ energie est choisie de facone que l'´equation resultante ` ´ ` chaque pas de temps soit lineaire, ce qui conduitun algorithme facileimplanter et efficace. Nous prouvons la stabilitee t la convergence de l'algorithme puis nous presentons les resultats obtenus pour quelques experiences numeriques.
A comprehensive in vitro investigation of a portable magnetic separator device for human blood detoxification.

A portable magnetic separator device is being developed for a proposed magnetically based detoxification system. In this paper, the performance of this device was evaluated via preliminary in vitro flow experiments using simple fluids and a separator unit consisting of one tube and two metal wires, each at the top and bottom of the tube. The effects of the following factors were observed: mean flow velocity Uo (0.14–45 cm s−1), magnetic field strength μoHo (0.125–0.50 T), wire size Rw (0.125, 0.250 and 0.500 mm), wire length Lw (2, 5 and 10 cm), wire materials (nickel, stainless steel 304 and 430) and tube size (outer radius Ro = 0.30 mm and inner radius Ri = 0.25 mm; Ro = 0.50 mm and Ri = 0.375 mm; and Ro = 2.0 mm and Ri = 1.0 mm). Our observations showed that the experimental results fit well with the corresponding theoretical results from the model we previously developed at a low flow velocity area (for example, Uo ≤ 20 cm s−1), strong external magnetic field (for example, ≥0.30 T) and long wire length (for example, Lw = 10 cm). The experimental results also showed that more than 90% capture efficiency is indeed achievable under moderate systemic and operational conditions. Pressure drop measurements revealed that the device could work well under human physiological and clinical conditions, and sphere buildup would not have any considerable effect on the pressure drop of the device. The breakthrough experiments demonstrated that a lower flow rate V, higher applied magnetic field μoHo and diluted sphere suspension, i.e. lower Co, would delay the breakthrough. All the results indicate the promise of this portable magnetic separator device to efficiently in vivo sequestrate nano-/micro-spheres from blood flow in the future magnetically based detoxification system.
Robert C. Bogash: Gadgeteer and hospital pharmacist extraordinaire.

My father, James Jorgenson, first met Robert C. “Bob” Bogash in 1983 when my father was the director of pharmacy at St. Margaret Hospital in Hammond, Indiana. My dad was young, had a sweet moustache, and was brand new to the position. Bob, in his 60s at the time, stopped by St. Margaret’s one
Mass transport through vertically aligned large diameter MWCNTs embedded in parylene

We have fabricated porous membranes using a parylene encapsulated vertically aligned forest of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs, about 7 nm inner diameter). The transport of charged particles in electrolyte through these membranes was studied by applying electric field and pressure. Under an electric field in the range of 4.4 × 104 V m−1, electrophoresis instead of electroomosis is found to be the main mechanism for ion transport. Small molecules and 5 nm gold nanoparticles can be driven through the membranes by an electric field. However, small biomolecules, like DNA oligomers, cannot. Due to the weak electric driving force, the interactions between charged particles and the hydrophobic CNT inner surface play important roles in the transport, leading to enhanced selectivity for small molecules. Simple chemical modification on the CNT ends also induces an obvious effect on the translocation of single strand DNA oligomers and gold nanoparticles under a modest pressure (<294 Pa).
Suppression of mouse-killing in rats following irradiation.

Suppression of mouse-killing was produced following pairings of mouse-presentations (CS) with 96 roentgens of ionizing radiation (US) at 0 (less than 2 min.) and 30 min. US-CS interstimulus intervals. No suppression was found at CS-US intervals of 30 min., 1 hr., and 2 hr., or at US-CS intervals of 1 hr. and 2 hr.
Equilibrium banding of low-density lipoproteins III. Studies on normal individuals and the effects of diet and heparin-induced lipase

Abstract 1. 1. Isopycnic banding and high-salt flotation studies have been made on lowdensity lipoproteins from six “normal” males. 2. 2. The high-salt flotation patterns were not greatly different in appearance between normal individuals, although the average molecular weights ranged from 2.1·106 to 2.6·106. 3. 3. The isopycnic banding patterns were markedly different between the normal individuals, who possessed one, two or three components of various average densities ranging from 1.0252 to 1.0390. 4. 4. Diet studies in one individual showed almost no variation in average molecular weight of low-density lipoproteins. Isopycnic banding patterns were markedly affected by starvation, high-protein- and high-lipid diets. 5. 5. The release of lipoprotein lipase due to heparin injection caused marked variation in the appearance of the lipoprotein banding patterns in incubation experiments both in vitro and in vivo. Very-low-density lipoproteins are converted to a macromolecular product indistinguishable from low-density lipoproteins by these techniques.
Deploying randomized field experiments in the service of evidence-based crime policy

In Samuel Johnson’s Idler, the zealous pundit declared that “Criticism is a study by which men grow more important and formidable at very small expense.” In what follows, I abide by the implied counsel, recognizing of course that Johnson was not himself a shy or continent critic. Rather, the aim here is to recognize the industry and ideas represented in a series of papers on randomized controlled trials presented at the 11th Annual Jerry Lee Symposium on Crime Prevention. The focus, as in the papers, is on the deployment of the trials in the field. My intent is also to enlarge on the lessons that are educed by the papers’ authors.
Determination of the strain ellipsoid from sectional data

Abstract This paper presents a new way to determine the shape and orientation of the triaxial strain ellipsoid, given sectional strain data from at least three arbitrary planes. First the sectional strain ellipses are scaled to maximize compatibility along their lines of intersection. Then, using formulae for strain determination from three known stretches, the sectional strain ellipse is calculated for a ‘fourth’ plane chosen to intersect the data planes at the highest possible angles. By repeated sectional strain determination in a set of test planes oriented perpendicular to the above fourth plane, the triaxial strain state is revealed. The longest test sectional strain ellipse long axis is the strain ellipsoid's long axis and the shortest test sectional strain ellipse short axis is the strain ellipsoid's short axis. The strain ellipsoid's intermediate axis is the pole to the plane of maximal and minimal stretches and its stretch is calculated in the test plane in which it lies. Manual calculations, while easily understood, are time-consuming, requiring several hours for one triaxial strain determination, but a set of computer programs is available from the author. Accuracy is evaluated by determining the strain state in the data planes given the calculated triaxial ellipsoid's principal sections, and comparing results of such determinations with the observed data.
Psychopathology, biopsychosocial factors, crime characteristics, and classification of 25 homicidal youths.

ABSTRACT Objective This study investigates diagnostic, behavioral, offense, and classification characteristics of juvenile murderers. Method Twenty-five homicidal children and adolescents were assessed using the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents, clinical interviews, record review, and all available collateral data. Results DSM-III-Rpsychopathology was found in 96% of these youths, and one half of them had experienced suicidal ideation at some point in their lives. Nevertheless, only 17% had ever received mental health treatment. Family and school dysfunction were present in virtually all subjects. Histories of abuse, prior violence, arrests, and promiscuous sexual behavior were typical. Motives were equally divided between crime-based and conflict-based causes. A weapon was used in 96% of cases. Significant differences were found between crime classification groups and victim age, physical abuse, IQ, and victim relationship. In addition, those who committed sexual homicide were significantly more likely to have engaged in overkill, used a knife, and been armed beforehand. Ten profile characteristics present in at least 70% of these juveniles were identified. All murders were readily classified according to the FBI Crime Classification Manual (CCM). Conclusion These findings support juvenile murderers as being an inadequately treated, emotionally and behaviorally disturbed population with profound social problems. The CCM proved to be a useful instrument for the classification of this sample.
Regulatory aspects of oncology drug safety evaluation: Past practice, current issues, and the challenge of new drugs

The drug development of new anti-cancer agents is streamlined in response to the urgency of bringing effective drugs to market for patients with limited life expectancy. FDA's regulation of oncology drugs has evolved from the practices set forth in Arnold Lehman's seminal work published in the 1950s through the current drafting of a new International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) safety guidance for anti-cancer drug nonclinical evaluations. The ICH combines the efforts of the regulatory authorities of Europe, Japan, and the United States and the pharmaceutical industry from these three regions to streamline the scientific and technical aspects of drug development. The recent development of new oncology drug classes with novel mechanisms of action has improved survival rates for some cancers but also brings new challenges for safety evaluation. Here we present the legacy of Lehman and colleagues in the context of past and present oncology drug development practices and focus on some of the current issues at the center of an evolving harmonization process that will generate a new safety guidance for oncology drugs, ICH S9. The purpose of this new guidance will be to facilitate oncology drug development on a global scale by standardizing regional safety requirements.
Comparisons of inverse modeling approaches for predicting building energy performance

Abstract In building retrofit projects, retrofit savings can be estimated by comparing building energy use before and after installing Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs). A complicating factor is that there is no direct measurement of the reduced energy use that is solely attributable to the retrofit. Indeed, simple comparisons by subtracting the post-retrofit energy use from the pre-retrofit would ignore the impact of other factors, such as weather and occupancy with constantly changing patterns, on the total building energy use. Data-driven models (i.e., derived by inverse modeling approaches) that are trained with monitored pre-retrofit building data can be used as the baseline models in a retrofit project. However, to be effective, the baseline energy models must be capable of singling out the impact of ECMs and ignoring the influence of other factors. A commonly used method to achieve this goal is to develop a statistical model that correlates energy use with weather and other independent variables. This paper first reviews four mainstream baseline data-driven energy models used to characterize building energy performance: change-point regression model, Gaussian process regression model, Gaussian Mixture Regression Model, and Artificial Neural Network model, These models are then applied to an office building to predict the Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) hot water energy consumption. Several model accuracy measures such as R 2 , RMSE , CV-RMSE , and sensitivity to sample frequency, and reliability, are evaluated and compared.
Rate-based screening of pressure-dependent reaction networks

Abstract Computer tools to automatically generate large gas-phase kinetic models find increasing use in industry. Until recently, mechanism generation algorithms have been restricted to generating kinetic models in the high-pressure limit, unless special adjustments are made for particular cases. A new approach, recently presented, allows the automated generation of pressure-dependent reaction networks for chemically and thermally activated reactions (Grenda et al., 2000; Grenda and Dean, in preparation; Grenda et al., 1998; see Refs. [1–3]). These pressure-dependent reaction networks can be quite large and can contain a large number of unimportant pathways. We thus present an algorithm for the automated screening of pressure-dependent reaction networks. It allows a computer to discover and incorporate pressure-dependent reactions in a manner consistent with the existing rate-based model generation method. The new algorithm works by using a partially-explored (or “screened”) pressure-dependent reaction network to predict rate constants, and updating predictions as more parts of the network are discovered. It requires only partial knowledge of the network connectivity, and allows the user to explore only the important channels at a given temperature and pressure. Applications to vinyl + O 2 , 1-naphthyl + acetylene and phenylvinyl radical dissociation are presented. We show that the error involved in using a truncated pressure-dependent network to predict a rate constant is insignificant, for all channels whose yields are significantly greater than a user-specified tolerance. A bound for the truncation error is given. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using screened networks to predict pressure-dependent rate constants k(T,P) .
Testicular infarction in a 12-Year-Old Boy with Wegener’s granulomatosis

Abstract We present the case of a 12-year-old boy with testicular infarction secondary to Wegener’s granulomatosis. Scrotal exploration revealed no evidence of testicular torsion. The testis was left in place, and, after systemic therapy, partial reperfusion was present.
Novel homologs of replication protein A in archaea: implications for the evolution of ssDNA-binding proteins

In Bacteria and Eukarya, ssDNA-binding proteins are central to most aspects of DNA metabolism. Until recently, however, no counterpart of an ssDNA-binding protein had been identified in the third domain of life, Archaea. Here, we report the discovery of a novel type of ssDNA-binding protein in the genomes of several archaeons. These proteins, in contrast to all known members of this protein family, possess four conserved DNA-binding sites within a single polypeptide or, in one case, two polypeptides. This peculiar structural organization allows us to propose a model for the evolution of this class of proteins.
Multipoint measurements of energetic particles in the magnetosphere

The benefits of energetic-particle measurements in the study of magnetospheric physics are reviewed, including the particles' relative ease of detection, their high rectilinear speed, their range of gyroradii, and their immunity to large-scale electric fields. With such particles, it is possible to observationally separate distinctive plasma regions, uniquely assess field-line topologies, examine connectivity from the magnetospheric equator to the ionosphere, and sense global changes in magnetospheric configuration. Multipoint measurements of energetic particles have contributed substantially to the understanding of the earth magnetopause, the leakage of particles into the upstream region, the effect of sudden storm compressions, the global nature of substorm dynamics, and the location and character of high-energy acceleration processes.
Interaction of tubulin with drugs and alkylating agents. 2. Effects of colchicine, podophyllotoxin, and vinblastine on the alkylation of tubulin.

The antimitotic drugs colchicine, podophyllotoxin, and vinblastine are known to be potent inhibitors of microtubule polymerization, but little is known about how they affect the chemical properties of the tubulin molecule. In the preceding paper [Luduena, R. F., & Roach, M. C. (1981) Bio-chemistry (preceding paper in this issue)], we have shown that the alkylating agent iodo[14C]acetamide reacts specifically with the sulfhydryl groups of tubulin and that its bifunctional analogue, N,N'-ethylenebis(iodoacetamide) (EBI), reacts with native tubulin to convert beta-tubulin into a form, designated beta*, which appears to represent an intrachain cross-linked form of beta. In this paper, we have incubated tubulin with the drugs prior to alkylation and measured their effects on the alkylation reactions. We have found that at 100 microM concentrations, podophyllotoxin, colchicine, and vinblastine inhibited the reaction of tubulin with iodo[14C]acetamide by 19-32%, 33-47%, and 62-72%, respectively; each drug was half-maximally effective at 3-5 microM, indicating that the suppressive effects of the drugs were mediated by their high-affinity binding sites. Similarly, beta* formation induced by EBI was suppressed by 92-94% in the presence of either colchicine or podophyllotoxin In contrast, vinblastine enhanced beta* formation by 40%. Alkylation with longer chain analogues of EBI revealed no evidence that the reactive sulfhydryls were being pushed apart by the drugs. These results indicate that each of the drugs has potent effects on the accessibility of the sulfhydryl groups of tubulin and that the effects of vinblastine are very different from those of either colchicine or podophyllotoxin.
Postoperative evaluation of the knee.

As lifestyles become more active, the incidence of knee injuries has increased, as has surgery to repair such injuries. It is important for the radiologist to be able to recognize the normal appearance of the postoperative knee and complications that result from the more common repair procedures. This article discusses the MR imaging appearance of the knee following anterior cruciate ligament repair, meniscal surgery, and cartilage repair procedures.
Distribution of radial glia in the developing telencephalon of chicks.

Radial glia are known to have a sparse and uneven distribution in the telencephalon of adult birds. The present study utilizes antibodies against vimentin to reveal a more extensive, and more clearly radial, set of radial glia in the chicken telencephalon during the first half of embryogenesis. This initially extensive radial glial fiber system becomes distorted and reduced between 10 and 14 days of incubation. This reduction coincides with the cytoarchitectural differentiation of the telencephalon into its major adult subdivisions. Because developing neurons tend to migrate along radial glial fibers in both birds and mammals, a topological projection of these major subdivisions onto the embryonic ventricular zone along the radial glial fibers suggests hypotheses about lineage relationships that can be tested by subsequent experimental methods. This analysis suggests that the major components of the avian dorsal ventricular ridge, i.e., the ventral hyperstriatum, the neostriatum with its various subdivisions, part of the archistriatum, and probably also the piriform cortex, all derive from overlapping portions of the lateral pallial ventricular zone. Staining with antibodies against neurofilament suggests that this developmental parcellation of the lateral pallial complex is associated with the development of neuronal fiber systems. J. Comp. Neurol. 387:399–420, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Occurrence and fragmentation of high-mass fullerenes

Abstract Extracts of graphitic soot are shown by electron attachment mass spectrometry to contain, in addition to the well-known fullerenes C 60 and C 70 , smaller quantities of larger carbon clusters, up to C 200 . A structure for one of the more abundant clusters, C 76 , is proposed. The data show the conspicuous absence of particular clusters. The relative stabilities of C 60 , C 70 and C 84 were investigated by charge exchange and collision activated dissociation experiments. All the fullerene ions showed remarkable stability to fragmentation. At the highest collision energies accessible, fragmentation of C 2+ 70 and C − 70 produced a series of products from C 2 loss, including the conspicuous formation of C 60 ions.
Quantitative and qualitative differences between experts and novices in chunking computer software knowledge

This study investigated quantitative and qualitative differences between experts and novices in knowledge structure, specifically in their chunking of computer software knowledge. An experiment was conducted to collect pairwise relatedness ratings of 23 concepts in C computer programming from 10 experts and 10 novices. Correlation analyses of relatedness ratings were performed to examine expert‐novice differences in overall knowledge structure. The intragroup correlation coefficients of experts were greater than the intragroup correlation coefficients of novices and the intergroup correlation coefficients between experts and novices. Hence, there existed structural differences of knowledge between experts and novices. To examine how experts differ from novices quantitatively and qualitatively in their knowledge chunking, the relatedness ratings of experts were averaged within the group to give a single set of relatedness ratings, and the relatedness ratings of novices were also averaged within the group t...
A new method of error analysis for molecular simulations

Abstract This paper compares the performance of the autocovariance integration method with the standard block variance method for estimating the random error of simulation results, and presents computer code with which the newer autocovariance analysis has been applied.
Polymer films on electrodes. 20. An ESR study of several spin probes incorporated into nafion

Donnees sur l'utilisation de molecules sondes de spin nitroxyles, sur l'exemple d'electrodes modifiees par un polyelectrolyte contenant la Tempamine protonee (tetramethyl-2,2,6,6 piperidinoxyle-1) incorporee dans du Nafion. Ces composes presentent une electrochimie oxydante presque reversible, ainsi qu'une activite RPE presentant de l'interet
1,6-Dimesyl-D-mannitol and carbohydrate metabolism

The compound 1,6-dimesyl-d-mannitol is an anti-tumor agent and since its structure bears a relationship to that of fructose-1,6-diphosphate studies were started to ascertain whether the mechanism of the action of this drug might be exerted through interference with activities of enzymes involved in the metabolism of this hexose diphosphate. 1. (1)|The compound CB-2511 inhibited rat liver fructose-1,6-diphosphatase activity by 22 per cent under in vitro conditions of the enzyme assay at 37°C and pH 7·4. The l-enantiomer of CB-2511 had no enzyme-inhibitory action. 2. (2)|Studies on the nature of inhibition demonstrated that CB-2511 resulted in a non-competitive inhibition of fructose-1,6-diphosphatase activity. 3. (3)|The two other substances, d- and l-Degranols, tested under the similar conditions, were found to have no effect on fructose-1,6-diphosphatase activity.
BLOOD PRESSURE ELEVATION IN A PEDIATRIC ORTHOPAEDIC HOSPITAL

There are continued isolated reports of hypertension in patients with orthopaedic problems. We believe this to be a common occurrence. This study was undertaken to determine the incidence and possible etiologies of this blood pressure elevation. We evaluated twenty patients between the ages of ten and eighteen years who were referred for elevated blood pressure (BP) post-operatively and 200 consecutive patients in the same age group undergoing various orthopaedic surgical procedures whose BPs were closely monitored. Patients who had elevation of BP post-operatively were studied regarding their primary problem, family history of hypertension, adequate pain control and metabolic studies to define the etiology. Post-operative elevation of BP occurred most often in patients undergoing procedures involving the extremities. BP elevation was most common in patients with underlying central nervous system problems, labile pre-operative BP and patients with a strong family history of hypertension. None of our patients appeared to have underlying renal disease. The most marked elevation of BP occurred early in the post-operative period. Careful management of post-operative pain appeared to be a major factor in the management of these patients.
On the equivalence between the \(s\)-method, the XFEM and the ply-by-ply discretization for delamination analyses of laminated composites

Two hierarchical approaches, the $$s$$ -method and the extended finite element method (XFEM), are compared to the classical ply-by-ply discretization approach in terms of their effectiveness in modeling delamination in laminated composites. In the two hierarchical approaches, a smooth approximation field based on the mesh made of through-the-thickness solid laminated elements is first introduced to resolve a delamination-free response of the composite structure. The initiation and propagation of delamination is modeled by either superposition of element patches (s-method) or by enrichment functions (XFEM). A cohesive zone model is employed to model decohesion at the inter-ply interfaces. In terms of representing strong discontinuities, the two hierarchical methods have been shown to represent an identical approximation space as the classical ply-by-ply discretization approach, even though the s-method gives rise to sparser matrix structure. In terms of representing weak discontinuities, the s-method has been shown to be equivalent to the ply-by-ply discretization approach and provides a seamless transition from weak to strong discontinuity.
The effects of limbic lesions on locomotion and stereotypy elicited by dopamine agonists in the rat

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the functional contributions of various limbic structures to locomotion and stereotypy induced by dopaminergic drugs. Female rats were randomly assigned to one of 5 groups (n = 10-14 rats/group) that received either a lesion of the hippocampus (colchicine + kainic acid), basolateral amygdala (quinolinic acid), frontal cortex (aspiration), nucleus accumbens (ibotenic acid), or served as unoperated controls. Beginning at least 2 weeks following surgery locomotion (measured as photocell beam breaks) elicited by D-amphetamine (0.0, 0.32, 1.0 and 3.2 mg/kg), SKF 82958 (0.0, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.16 mg/kg) or quinpirole (0.0, 0.25, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg) was determined. In agreement with previous results rats with hippocampal lesions were hyperactive in response to amphetamine. In comparison to these changes in drug-induced locomotion, lesions of the basolateral amygdala, and frontal cortex had only minor effects on drug-induced locomotion. Lesions of the nucleus accumbens produced consistent hyperactivity that was suppressed by doses of amphetamine or quinpirole that elicited behavioral stereotypy. These results provide evidence suggesting that, in comparison to other limbic structures that have substantial inputs to the nucleus accumbens, the hippocampus play a relatively prominent role in the modulation of drug-induced locomotion.
Binding of 125I-labeled p-iodobenzoate to human serum albumin: Interaction with the primary thyroxine binding site☆

Abstract The competitive effect of thyroxine on the interaction of 125 I-labeled p -iodobenzoate with human serum albumin was studied by equilibrium dialysis. At 30 °C and pH 7.4 in 0.06 m potassium phosphate buffer containing 0.7 m m EDTA, p -iodobenzoate is bound at a single binding site on human serum albumin with K = 1.8 × 10 6 m −1 , while thyroxine is bound to the protein at a single strong binding site, K 1 = 1.4 × 10 6 m −1 , plus a second set of several weaker binding sites. The calculated value of the association constant for thyroxine binding based on its competitive effect was less than, but in the same range as the value of K a as determined directly. Excellent agreement between the calculated competitive binding constant and K a for thyroxine was obtained when correction was made for interaction of thyroxine with the secondary set of binding sites. The results indicate that the p -iodobenzoate binding site is identical to the primary strong thyroxine binding site on human serum albumin.
Origin and mixing history of brines, Palo Duro Basin, Texas, U.S.A.

Formation waters in the Palo Duro Basin, Texas, U.S.A. fall into four major groups based on integrated chemical and isotopic characteristics: (1) interbed brines within the major Permian evaporite aquitard; these are the most chemically concentrated and18O-rich fluids in the basin, and are interpreted as evaporatively concentrated sea water which has been hydrologically isolated since the Permian; (2) brines below the salt on the eastern side of the basin have ClBr, divalent cation, and isotopic systematics indicating a mixture of evaporatively concentrated sea water and meteoric water of δD= −20‰; (3) brines below the salt on the western side of the basin have chemical and isotopic systematics suggesting a mixture of two pulses of meteoric water, one with δD= −20‰ and the other with δD= −55‰; and (4) waters above the salt have the isotopic composition of meteoric waters. Diagenetic alteration of the cation chemistry has occurred for brines within and below the salt. Aquifers below the salt on the eastern side are interpreted as having been charged with dense Permian evaporite brines which subsequently mixed in various amounts with a basin-wide pulse of Triassic meteoric water. On the western side the descending Triassic meteoric waters became saline by dissolution of halite and are currently mixing with a Tertiary pulse of meteoric water initiated by the Laramide uplift to the west. The hydrochemistry suggests flow on the western side of the basin and static conditions on the eastern side. An unrecognized, approximately N-S permeability restriction, or discontinuity in the potentiometric flow surface, is inferred for major aquifers in the central area of the basin.
A technique for cutting thin sections from solvent-substituted, paraffin-embedded tissues.

Abstract A method is described which permits the cutting of sections 0.5 μ or less from paraffin-embedded, solvent-substituted, rapidly frozen tissues. Sections prepared in this way have yielded better detail than tissues prepared by more routine histological techniques and have proven satisfactory for certain immunofluorescence and histochemical procedures.
Microcanonical analysis of the kinetic method. The meaning of the “apparent entropy”

A rigorous analysis of the kinetic method is carried out using Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theory of microcanonical statistical unimolecular dissociation rates. The model employs a kinetics treatment appropriate for metastable ion dissociation. Proton-bound alkoxide dimer anions are used as model systems, with realistic vibrational and rotational parameters calculated by ab initio methods for the cluster ion and transition states leading to the competitive dissociation channels. The numerical simulations show that the kinetic method plots of ln(I2/I1) versus ΔΔH are nearly linear but can exhibit significant curvature. The apparent entropy obtained in the extended kinetic method is not approximately equal to the thermodynamic entropy difference for dissociation, ΔΔS(T), or for activation, ΔΔS‡(T), either at the effective temperature or at any fixed equilibrium temperature. Instead, the apparent entropy term can be related to the ratio of the microcanonical sum of states of the dissociation transition states for the kinetically selected internal energy of the dissociating ions.
Geostatistics in hydrology

A special symposium on geostatistics in hydrology was held during the 1987 AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco. The symposium was organized jointly by the Groundwater Committee and the Surface Runoff Committee of AGU's Hydrology Section. The objective of the symposium was to provide a forum for workers active in the hydrologic application of geostatistical theory and methods. The symposium was organized into one morning session of oral presentations and two afternoon sessions, (one poster and one oral), held on the same day. A total of 16 oral and 13 poster papers were presented. The morning session was chaired by Peter K., Kitanidis (Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.), and the afternoon sessions were chaired by Oktay Guven (Auburn University, Auburn, Ala.). The papers covered a wide range of topics including geostatistical analyses of data, stochastic analyses of flow and transport in porous media, optimization of sampling strategies, and new geostatistical methods.
Performance and Robustness of 3-D Integrated SRAM Considering Tier-to-Tier Thermal and Supply Crosstalk

This paper analyzes the effect of tier-to-tier thermal and supply crosstalk on the performance and robustness of the static random access memory (SRAM) within a 3-D stack under crosstalk influence of the logic cores. Our framework integrates distributed process variation aware circuit analysis, RC-based thermal simulation, and distributed RLC-based power delivery network simulation. The analysis shows when the logic cores and SRAMs are integrated in 3-D stack, the thermal and supply crosstalk degrade the SRAM performance and noise margin during read and write operations.
Development of a germicidal soap containing bithionol.

The use of one per cent Tween 80 in culture media reduces the inhibitory action of hexachlorophene in surgical scrub soap tests and indicates that hexachlorophene provides no appreciable reduction in bacterial count. A mixture of surface-active agents containing three per cent bithionol gave a marked reduction in bacterial count when used under identical conditions.
THE PHYLOGENIC EXPRESSION OF PLASMOLIPIN IN THE VERTEBRATE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Plasmolipin is a plasma membrane proteolipid is a major myelin membrane component (Cochary et al., 1990). In this study we report the phylogenic expression of plasmolipin in the vertebrate nervous system. Using Western blot analysis with polyclonal antibodies, we have analyzed membrane fractions, including myelin, from elasmobranchs, teleosts, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. On the basis of immune detection, plasmolipin appears to be restricted to the mammalian nervous system. Comparison of the central and peripheral nervous systems of mammals showed only minor differences in the level of plasmolipin in these two regions. Within mammals, little quantitative differences were observed when rat, human and bovine membrane fractions were compared. The late evolutionary expression of plasmolipin which results in its restriction to mammals makes it unique among the (major) myelin proteins. The potential physiologic significance of these data are discussed.
Geomagnetic Attitude Control of Satellites Using Generalized Multiple Scales

The dynamics of single- and dual-spin satellites utilizing geomagnetic attitude control with specie c control laws are analyzed. Stability criteria and approximate descriptions of the motion of the satellite are obtained in an analytical parametric form using the generalized multiple scales method. By means of this method, the rapid and slow parts of the dynamics are systematically separated, leading to insight into the nature of the system. Finally, a good agreement between the analytical approximations and numerical solutions is demonstrated. HE techniques of controlling the attitude of a satellite by using the interaction between the satellite and the environmental magnetic e eld are attractive because they eliminate the need for the control propellant, which usually limits the lifetime of a satellite. The control torque can be generated by passing electric currents through a coil; the currents then produce a magnetic dipole. The desired control torque is then generated by the interaction of this magnetic dipole with the geomagnetic e eld. Such a simple generation of control torques results in enhanced system reliability. Themajorchallengesinthemagneticattitudecontrolforsatellites are the development of the control law and the prediction of the performance of the system under the specie c control law. Even though the concept of the magnetic attitude control itself is relatively simple, the resulting dynamic equations of the satellite system utilizing this type of control are quite complicated due to the varying magnitude of the geomagnetic e eld experienced by the satellite from time to time in its orbit. In general, this necessitates the analysis of the system equations with time-varying coefe cients.
A simple differential discriminator

Abstract A circuit was designed to detect anticoincidence for single-channel analyzers that have differential comparator inputs. This circuit, with one two-input gate and three ancillary transistors, is useful where size or cost must be minimized.
Recurrent laryngeal cancer presenting as delayed hypoparathyroidism.

Background. Endocrine dysfunction following therapy for head and neck cancer has been previously described. Permanent hypoparathyroidism may result from the tumor, surgery, or radiation therapy. However, the incidence and significance of delayed hypoparathyroidism following treatment for laryngeal cancer remains unclear. Methods and Results. We report a patient who had stable serum calcium measurements on serial testing following concurrent chemoradiation and salvage laryngectomy for locally advanced laryngeal cancer. The patient subsequently presented 32 months following salvage laryngectomy with new onset, symptomatic hypocalcemia secondary to hypoparathyroidism. Subsequent evaluation revealed local recurrence. Conclusion. To our knowledge, this case represents the first report of delayed hypoparathyroidism as the presenting manifestation of recurrence following treatment for laryngeal cancer. Possible pathophysiologic mechanisms are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007