cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The primary cilium as a cellular signaling center: lessons from disease

Genetic diseases known as ciliopathies have recently entered the limelight, placing new importance on a previously mysterious organelle: the primary cilium. Mutations affecting the primary cilium in both humans and animal models can lead to a plethora of distinct phenotypes including retinal degeneration, kidney cysts, and brain malformations. New findings are quickly lending insight into the functions of this cellular extension that seems to be especially important in modulation of subcellular signaling cascades at various stages of development and adult homeostasis.
Ion production by positron-molecule resonances

Ion production by low-energy positrons in low-density gases was reported by Passner, Surko, Mills, and Leventhal [Phys. Rev. A 39, 3706 (1989)]. That work studied the ionization of hydrocarbons in a positron trap in the presence of a buffer gas of molecular nitrogen. We present further analysis of the data from this experiment, taking into consideration the ionization of the hydrocarbons by nitrogen ions created as a result of the positron trapping process. We conclude that ionization by positrons was the dominant ion production mechanism at times longer than the characteristic ion confinement time of approximately 1 s, while ionization by nitrogen charge exchange was dominant at earlier times. The details of the ionization spectra are also discussed.
Catalytic reactivity of a zirconium(IV) redox-active ligand complex with 1,2-diphenylhydrazine.

Two-electron reactivity of [N2O2red]ZrL3 (1a, N2O2red = N,N‘-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-phenoxy)-1,2-phenylenediamide, L = THF) was explored with halogens and 1,2-diphenylhydrazine. Despite a formal d0 zirconium(IV) metal center, halogen oxidative addition occurred to form [N2O2ox]ZrCl2(THF) (2) with two-electron oxidation of the ligand. This ligand redox activity allows catalytic reactivity with 1,2-diphenylhydrazine resulting in disproportionation to form aniline and azobenzene via a putative zirconium-imide intermediate.
Supraoptic Neurosecretory Cells: Autonomic Modulation

Neurosecretory cells in the supraoptic nuclei of anesthetized cats were antidromically identified by electrical stimulation of the posterior pituitary. The responses of these units to afferent volleys from vagal and carotid sinus nerves were examined with a computer of average transients. Synaptic excitation of neurosecretory cells by stimulation of these pathways demonstrates the existence of excitatory inputs from vagal and carotid sinus nerve afferents. Since these pathways are involved in the release of antidiuretic hormone, the results support the hypothesis that its release is related to an increase in discharge frequency of supraoptic neurosecretory cells.
The Computer Science teaching Laboratory at the University of Washington

The purpose of this paper is to describe the Computer Science Laboratory at the University of Washington, explain how it is run, and to examine both its benefits and costs to the University. In order to do so, it is necessary to discuss briefly the University of Washington itself. The University of Washington is a very large, single-campus, state university. In a typical quarter approximately 33,000 students are enrolled. There is a faculty of about 2,000. By contrast, the computer science program is a small interdisciplinary program confined strictly to graduate education. The program was begun in 1967, and granted its first PH.D. in 1968. There are at present somewhat more than 40 graduate students and a full-time equivalent faculty of about seven. Prior to the development of the program, there were, of course, teaching courses in Electrical Engineering and other departments and a few courses in mathematics, but the advanced computer science stamp for the University of Washington had not yet been established.The equipment on campus is also important to our story. The University Computer Center operates a Control Data 6400 and a Burroughs B5500. These machines are available to the general user, although the B5500 gives priority to administrative data processing. Use of the machines is charged either to research accounts or to special departmental accounts established to support computing. That is, the Computer Center does not decide who runs on the computer. Rather, this is levied as a charge against departmental budgets. Like any other department, the Computer Science Group also has a budget for computing on the Center's equipment. In addition, there are a variety of special computers on campus. For example, the Physics Department contains a PDP-10 and an XDS-930. There is a very large Raytheon computer complex in Biophysics and there are a number of 1130 and 1800 installations on campus. All these centers are associated with specific research projects, and, therefore, are available only to students who are working with the faculty on these projects. In addition, the University has provision for favorable rates on a number of commercial time-sharing installations. Departments do not receive funds for off campus computing, so that extramural funds must be sought by anyone who wishes to make use of a conversational computing capability.
Ultra-low-jitter multiwavelength synchronised optical pulse source for C-, L- and U-bands

A novel self-starting optoelectronic oscillator that uses a single electroabsorption modulator in a fibre-extended cavity to generate synchronised optical pulses simultaneously at multiple wavelengths is demonstrated. We have generated 10 GHz-rate optical pulses simultaneously at eight wavelengths in the C-band, each with the lowest timing jitter (42 fs in the 100 Hz to 1 MHz range) reported to date for self-starting sources. Potential for operation in the L- and U-communication bands is also demonstrated.
A method for designing computer support documentation

This material obviously is not available in your local book store but copies are available by writing to the military address or, more cheaply, through interlibrary loan.
Pull-To-Refresh and Learn: Leveraging Mobile Email Load Time for Education

Users of connected devices regularly encounter technical inefficiencies that result in waiting for small durations of time. In this paper, we examine how we can leverage these brief moments of waiting when users pull-to-refresh email on their mobile phones to engage people in learning. We extended an existing mobile email client by presenting a micro-quiz when the user pulls to refresh email. The exercise is displayed within the dead-space resulting from the pull to minimize intrusiveness, and allows the user to complete the exercise without leaving the email context. In multiple iterations of preliminary user testing with 10 users and a pilot deployment with 3 users, we found that participants were able to non-intrusively integrate learning into their existing mobile activities.
Influence of cold stress on neuropeptide Y and sympathetic neurotransmission.

Abstract Chronic cold stress of rats (4 °C; 1–3 weeks) induced a marked increase in gene expression (adrenal medulla; superior cervical ganglia), tissue content (mesenteric arterial bed) and nerve stimulation-induced overflow of NPY-immunoreactivity (NPYir) from the perfused mesenteric arterial bed. In contrast increased NPY neurotransmission was offset by an apparent decrease in the evoked overflow of norepinephrine (NE) due to a presumed deactivation of NE by nitric oxide (NO), despite increased sympathetic nerve activity. The net effect of these offsetting system was no change in basal or the evoked increase in perfusion pressure (sympathetic tone). It is concluded that differences in NPY and NE transmission act as an important compensatory mechanism preventing dramatic changes in arterial pressure when sympathetic nerve activity is high during cold stress.
Are we purveyors of wetland homogeneity?: A model of degradation and restoration to improve wetland mitigation performance

The national goal of no net loss of wetland functions is not being met due to a variety of suboptimal policy and operational decisions. Based on data used to develop a conceptual model of wetland degradation and restoration, we address what can be done operationally to improve the prospects for replacing both the area and functions of mitigated wetlands. We use measures of hydrologic, soil, and biodiversity characteristics from reference standard sites, degraded wetlands, and created wetlands to support our premise. These data suggest that wetland diversity and variability often become more homogeneous when subjected to a set of stressors. The degradation process reduces the original heterogeneity of natural wetlands. In addition, soil characteristics and composition of biological communities of creation projects may mirror those of degraded wetlands. We recommend that scientists and managers use identical sampling protocols to collect data from reference wetlands that can be used to assess the condition of degraded wetlands and to improve the design and performance of mitigation projects. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Pregnancy and sex steroid hormone effects on nevi of patients with the dysplastic nevus syndrome.

Female patients with the dysplastic nevus syndrome who were pregnant or taking sex steroid hormones were prospectively studied to evaluate the effectiveness of photography and close clinical follow-up in detecting nevus change or melanoma development. Seventeen patients, who served as their own controls, were studied during 22 pregnancies. Twenty-four patients who used oral contraceptives and seven who took hormone supplements were similarly studied. This clinical management method provided timely biopsy of changing nevi with a small number of biopsies required per patient. One melanoma occurred during pregnancy, but neither patients who were taking sex steroid hormones nor those in the control groups had melanomas. The rate of nevus change observed clinically was 3.9 times higher when patients with dysplastic news syndrome were pregnant than when they were not, whereas no differences were observed whether or not women took oral contraceptives or hormone supplements. The rate of histologically proven dysplastic nevi that changed was 2.0-fold higher when women were pregnant; 1.4-fold higher with the use of hormone supplements and 1.1-fold higher with the use of oral contraceptives. These preliminary data suggest pregnancy and hormone supplements may be temporally associated with an increased rate of dysplastic nevus change.
An Examination of Observed Southern Oscillation Effects in the Northern Hemisphere Stratosphere

Abstract The effects of the Southern Oscillation on the December-February mean circulation in the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere were investigated using 34 years of data. No evidence for a significant relation between the Southern Oscillation (SO) and the zonally averaged flow is found for any region poleward of 20°N. The effects of the tropical quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) on the zonal mean flow are much stronger, and this complicates the detection of 50 effects. Some more suggestive results are evident when hemispheric maps of height anomalies at 50 or 30 mb are composited for the warm extremes of the 50. The present findings are broadly consistent with earlier suggestions that, on average, the Aleutian high is intensified during the warm extremes of the Southern Oscillation. Even using the 34 years of data now available, however, the statistical significance of this relationship cannot be demonstrated unequivocally. Once again the separation of SO effects from QBO influences in the limited data a...
Effect of Physico-Chemical Factors on the Disintegration Behavior of Calcareous Shale

Calcareous shale, which is often encountered in construction projects, has a variety of physical and chemical properties that influence disintegration behavior of the rock mass. The diverse behavior of calcareous minerals in shale adds to the complexity of geotechnical investigations. Abundance of calcareous minerals is known to improve shale rock strength, although, when exposed to seasonal wetting and drying cycles, disintegration is rapid. The intent of this study is to statistically evaluate the disintegration behavior of calcareous shales in relation to their physico-chemical properties. Shale samples from fresh rock cuts and talus were tested using a multi-cycle slake durability index (Id), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) elemental analysis, bulk density, natural water content, and porosity. A relationship was found between the degree of disintegration and the abundance of calcareous minerals, especially calcite and gypsum. Higher porosity and elevated water content were observed in highly weathered shales. Additionally, the efficiency of the Id test as an indicator of the degree of disintegration was evaluated. Grain-size distribution (GSD) analysis of disintegrated talus was compared with fragmental material of two- and five-cycle Id (Id2 and Id5) tests. The Coefficient of Uniformity (Cu) and Coefficient of Curvature (Cc) of Id5 materials showed satisfactory correlation with Cu and Cc of talus material. It is demonstrated that when compared to the conventional Id2 test, multi-cycle Id tests more precisely predict the disintegration pattern of shale and can be used to evaluate shale in terms of degree of disintegration.
Molecular and pharmacological characterization of two D1-like dopamine receptors in the Lyme disease vector, Ixodes scapularis

Abstract Advancements in tick neurobiology may impact the development of acaricides to control those species that transmit human and animal diseases. Here, we report the first cloning and pharmacological characterization of two neurotransmitter binding G protein-coupled receptors in the Lyme disease (blacklegged) tick, Ixodes scapularis . The genes IscaGPRdop1 and IscaGPRdop2 were identified in the I. scapularis genome assembly and predicted as orthologs of previously characterized D 1 -like dopamine receptors in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and honeybee Apis mellifera . Heterologous expression in HEK 293 cells demonstrated that each receptor functioned as a D 1 -like dopamine receptor because significant increases in levels of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) were detected following dopamine treatment. Importantly, the receptors were distinct in their pharmacological properties regarding concentration-dependent response to dopamine, constitutive activity, and response to other biogenic amines. Exposure to a variety of dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists further demonstrated a D 1 -like pharmacology of these dopamine receptors and highlighted their differential activities in vitro .
Burial diagenesis of illite/smectite in shales and the origins of authigenic quartz and secondary porosity in sandstones

Several gram-size samples of <0.1 {mu}m, nearly monomineralic mixed-layer illite/smectite (I/S) were isolated from nineteen whole-cores of shale of the Frio Formation from the Texas Gulf Coast. Between {approximately}7,000 ft (2133 m) and {approximately}15,000 ft (4572 m) burial depth I/S changes from random-interstratification (R = 0) with low %1 to ordered-interstratification (R = 3) with high %I. The accompanying chemical changes are loss of Si, Mg, and Fe{sup +3}, gain of K, Al, and Fe{sup +2}, and a shift in the REE content of the mineral. There is no chemical or mineralogical evidence for a cessation of I/S reaction at {approximately}80% I as is commonly accepted; both chemical and mineralogical changes occur throughout burial. Continuous change in the oxygen isotopic composition of I/S implies that the conversion of smectite-layers to illite-layers is a dissolution and reprecipitation process. Mass balance calculations indicate that burial diagenesis of Frio Formation shales is an open-system process that requires addition of K{sub 2}O and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and results in loss of SiO{sub 2}. The amount of SiO{sub 2} made available by shale diagenesis is sufficient to be the source of the quartz-overgrowth cements in the associated Frio sandstones. Iron reduction in I/S is amore » significant source of the acid required for the diagenesis of both Frio shales and sandstones. 68 refs., 12 figs., 4 tabs.« less
Examination of the wear properties of HVOF sprayed nanostructured and conventional WC-Co cermets with different binder phase contents

There has been an increase in interest of late regarding the properties of thermally sprayed WC-Co cermets with nanograin carbide particles. These powders have shown interesting properties in sintered components, giving high values of hardness (2200–2300 VHN) and improved wear properties. The method used for the processing for these materials—solution formation, spray drying and chemical conversion, rather than introduction of WC as solid particles to a molten binder—allows the formation of sub-100 nm WC particles as a hard second phase.
Conformation of Azobenzene‐Modified Poly(α‐L‐Glutamate) (AZOPLGA) in Thin Films: Solid State NMR Studies

Abstract The conformations of azobenzene‐modified poly(α‐L‐glutamate)s (AZOPLGA) with a different degree of functionalization were examined by solid state 13C NMR. The polymer main chain conformations in AZOPLGA powders (precipitated from reaction system) changes from α‐helix to β‐sheet when the degree of functionalization increases from 12% to 56%. In addition, the solvent used for fabricating films plays an important role in organizing AZOPLGA backbones into characteristic conformation. For AZOPLGA56 (AZOPLGA with 56% of functionalization) cast films, the polymer backbones can assume conformations ranging from order state (β‐sheet) to random coil by changing the solvent for fabrication. In contrast, the effect of solvent on the conformation of AZOPLGA23 (AZOPLGA with 23% of functionalization) is not so significant. When compared with AZOPLGA23 powder (precipitated from reaction system), the helical conformation increases for AZOPLGA23 film cast from TFA. However, the fractions of α‐helix and β‐sheet con...
A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Extramarital Sex in Contemporary China

Extramarital affairs and divorce are controversial issues in China. Using a mixed-methods approach, extramarital sex (EMS) was investigated by combining statistical data about behaviors and attitudes with a textual reading of contemporary newspaper and magazine articles related to EMS in China. On the basis of the 1999–2000 Chinese Health and Family Life Survey, this study indicated that about 15% of married men and 5% of married women in China have engaged in EMS. Opportunity and permissive attitudes were related to the likelihood of engaging in EMS, especially for men. The prevalence of EMS may reflect a redistribution of power, both between and within gender groups, with Chinese men and women of higher socioeconomic status more likely to engage in EMS.
On the utility of an in-core fast neutron generator —A response

Abstract Further investigation into the effectiveness of a LiOD-D2O converter (thermal to 14 MeV neutrons) confirms that this device is not as effective as initially believed.
The Court of Public Opinion and the Practice of Restorative Ordeals in Pre-Modern India

According to their standardized treatment within the Indian legal tradition (Dharmaśāstra), ordeals (Sanskrit: divya) are supposed to occur, under certain circumstances, when one person formally accused another of some crime in a court of law. While not disputing the general accuracy of this standardized treatment of ordeals, this article argues for the widespread practice in pre-modern India of another—hitherto unrecognized—type of ordeal that fails to fit this basic scenario, for such ordeals would occur when someone was widely believed to have committed some wrongdoing, but was not forced to stand trial in a formal judicial court. In order to prove his innocence and, thereby, mitigate the damage caused by his suspected guilt, such an individual could—and sometimes did—arrange for himself to undergo an ordeal at his own expense and independently of any formal plaint. After establishing the practice of ordeals of this sort in pre-modern India, this article then examines some possible explanations for their development.
Morphological variation and isozymes under laboratory conditions in Cymodocea serrulata

Abstract Experimental cultures of Cymodocea serrulata (R.Br.) Aschers. & Magnus from the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific showed infraspecific differences in morphology. Plants from the Palau Islands (Belau), Micronesia, produced short shoots that were elevated above the sediment by as much as 7.5 cm, but plants from Kenya and from Thursday Island, Queensland, Australia, produced short shoots that remained near the sediment surface. The three collections did not differ in isozyme patterns for any of eight enzyme systems. The difference in orientation of the short shoots is probably of selective significance in local habitats differing in sediment type and/or depth of submergence.
Gender Differences in Osteoporosis and Fractures

Background Osteoporosis is generally thought of as a “woman’s disease” because the prevalence of osteoporosis and the rate of fractures are much higher in postmenopausal women than in older men. However, the absolute number of men affected by osteoporosis and fractures is large, as at least 2.8 million men in the United States are thought to have osteoporosis.
A generalized effective exposure modeling program for assessing dose-response in epidemiologic investigations

The computer program OCMAP (occupational cohort mortality analysis program) has been extended to allow exposure indices for person-years to be calculated as time-dependent covariates rather than as the usual cumulative indices. The article develops a general formula for weighting exposures and describes the cumulative index, the lag, partial weight, and the lognormal models as specific examples. The implementation in OCMAP is flexible in that it permits these specific models or any other user-specified weighting scheme to be used. Several example schemes are applied to a cohort of workers exposed to arsenic.
Magnetic survey in the Lehigh Valley

A large magnetic anomaly was found in the northern half of the Allentown Quadrangle. Its center is at latitude 40° 41′ and longitude 75° 23′. It is roughly circular in shape and about eight miles in diameter. The maximum variation is about 1000 gammas (1 gamma = 0.00001 C.G.S. unit) for the vertical component and 750 gammas for the horizontal.
Application of the Normalized LMS Algorithm to MSLC

For some conditions, the convergence time of the conventional LMS algorithm is longer than the radar dwell time so that the MSLC technique does not cancel jammers. The convergence time depends upon the power and angular locations of the jammers. The normalized LMS technique can decrease convergence times by several orders of magnitude. It causes the convergence time to be essentially independent of the jammer powers and decreases the convergence time dependence upon location. The derivation of an exact first moment analysis of the weights for the normalized LMS algorithm is given. Simulation results are also given. There is excellent agreement between the two.
Characterization of the chemistry that occurs at the Alq 3 /alkali metal halide heterointerface using quantum chemical analyses

Investigations into the lithium fluoride and cesium fluoride/tris(quinolin-8-olato) aluminum (LiF-Alq 3 or CsF-Alq 3 ) Lewis acid-Lewis base pairs have been undertaken using hybrid density functional calculations. The results of the calculations clearly show that there is a strong interaction that occurs between the metal fluoride and both the facial and the meridional isomers of Alq 3 . This strong interaction has the effect of modifying the electronic structure of Alq 3 and can be thought of as the first step in the formation of the highly effective Alq 3 /Metal Halide/Al electron injection contact.
The brain renin-angiotensin system†

Considerable evidence suggests that angiotensin interacts with the central nervous system (CNS) to increase blood pressure and alter peripheral hydration. Blood-borne angiotensin may affect circumventricular organs resulting in increased water intake and vasopressin release. In addition, current literature documents the presence of a complete renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the brain. Angiotensin, presumably of central origin, increases sodium excretion; an effect opposite to blood-borne peptide. This effect, along with increased water turnover, could dilute body fluids. The relative activities of the peripheral (renal) and central RASs thus may be of considerable importance in both normal and pathophysiological control of blood pressure and hydration. Indeed, some models of spontaneous hypertension in rats are associated with an altered brain RAS; central administration of converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor antagonists returns elevated blood pressure toward normal.
Rotifer Ecology and Embryological Induction

The rotifer Asplanchna releases into its environment a water-soluble, nondialyzable, pronase-sensitive factor which causes uncleaved eggs of another rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus, to develop into individuals with a pair of long, movable spines which neither their mothers nor the unaffected controls have. These appendages protect the Brachionus from Asplanchna predation.
Use the Correlation Coefficient to Summarize Regression Performance

The correlation coefficient is commonly used to indicate the quality of fit in regression. This practice is questionable.
Conversion of metallurgical coke and coal using a Coal Direct Chemical Looping (CDCL) moving bed reactor

Abstract The CLC process has the potential to be a transformative commercial technology for a carbon-constrained economy. The Ohio State University Coal Direct Chemical Looping (CDCL) process directly converts coal, eliminating the need for a coal gasifier oran air separation unit (ASU). Compared to other solid-fuel CLC processes, the CDCL process is unique in that it consists of a countercurrent moving bed reducer reactor. In the proposed process, coal is injected into the middle of the moving bed, whereby the coal quickly heats up and devolatilizes, splitting the reactor roughly into two sections with no axial mixing. The top section consists of gaseous fuel produced from the coal volatiles, and the bottom section consists of the coal char mixed with the oxygen carrier. A bench-scale moving bed reactor was used to study the coal conversion with CO2 as the enhancing gas. Initial tests using metallurgical cokefines as feedstock were conducted to test the effects of operational variables in the bottom section of the moving bed reducer, e.g., reactor temperature, oxygen carrier to char ratio, enhancer gas CO2 flow rate, and oxygen carrier flow rates. Experiments directly using coal as the feedstock were subsequently carried out based on these test results. Powder River Basin (PRB) coal and Illinois #6 coal were tested as representative sub-bituminous and bituminous coals, respectively. Nearly complete coal conversion was achieved using composite iron oxide particles as the oxygen carriers without any flow problems. The operational results demonstrated that a moving bed reactor design is favorable for the CDCL application.
Oral interferon-α treatment of mice with cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis * ** *

Cryoglobulins are associated with the development of a membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, often referred to as cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis, particularly in the setting of hepatitis C virus infection. Parenteral interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) commonly is used therapeutically in humans with cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis. We tested the therapeutic impact of oral IFN-alpha treatment in thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) transgenic mice, a strain that develops mixed cryoglobulinemia with glomerulonephritis closely resembling the disease that occurs in humans. A total of 41 female mice were treated for 21 days with daily ingestion of either 500 IU of Universal type I IFN or placebo. The studied groups included TSLP transgenic mice treated with IFN-alpha (n = 13), TSLP transgenic mice treated with placebo (n = 13), wild-type mice treated with IFN-alpha (n = 5), and wild-type mice treated with placebo (n = 10). A total of 39 mice completed the study; two TSLP transgenic mice treated with IFN-alpha died during the study period. Placebo-treated TSLP transgenic mice showed significantly increased mean glomerular tuft areas, mean glomerular areas occupied by macrophages, and mean cell numbers per glomerulus compared with wild-type controls. All three parameters were decreased in IFN-alpha-treated TSLP transgenic mice, although the differences compared with placebo-treated mice did not reach significance. The changes in glomerular matrix deposition were the same in IFN-alpha-treated and placebo-treated mice. The oral ingestion of IFN-alpha seemed to reduce glomerular macrophage influx, but this did not result in decreased glomerular matrix deposition. The limited positive effect provides experimental support for clinical studies that indicate the beneficial effects of IFN-alpha therapy observed in humans with glomerulonephritis might be attributable to its antiviral effect rather than modulation of intrarenal pathophysiologic pathways.
Insights into Dynamic Mitotic Chromatin Organization Through the NIMA Kinase Suppressor SonC, a Chromatin-Associated Protein Involved in the DNA Damage Response

The nuclear pore complex proteins SonA and SonB, the orthologs of mammalian RAE1 and NUP98, respectively, were identified in Aspergillus nidulans as cold-sensitive suppressors of a temperature-sensitive allele of the essential mitotic NIMA kinase (nimA1). Subsequent analyses found that sonB1 mutants exhibit temperature-dependent DNA damage sensitivity. To understand this pathway further, we performed a genetic screen to isolate additional conditional DNA damage-sensitive suppressors of nimA1. We identified two new alleles of SonA and four intragenic nimA mutations that suppress the temperature sensitivity of the nimA1 mutant. In addition, we identified SonC, a previously unstudied binuclear zinc cluster protein involved with NIMA and the DNA damage response. Like sonA and sonB, sonC is an essential gene. SonC localizes to nuclei and partially disperses during mitosis. When the nucleolar organizer region (NOR) undergoes mitotic condensation and removal from the nucleolus, nuclear SonC and histone H1 localize in a mutually exclusive manner with H1 being removed from the NOR region and SonC being absent from the end of the chromosome beyond the NOR. This region of chromatin is adjacent to a cluster of nuclear pore complexes to which NIMA localizes last during its progression around the nuclear envelope during initiation of mitosis. The results genetically extend the NIMA regulatory system to include a protein with selective large-scale chromatin location observed during mitosis. The data suggest a model in which NIMA and SonC, its new chromatin-associated suppressor, might help to orchestrate global chromatin states during mitosis and the DNA damage response.
Monomeric state and ligand binding of recombinant GABA transporter from Escherichia coli

The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter from Escherichia coli was homologously overexpressed and purified to homogeneity with a yield of 1.0 mg per liter culture. The purification procedure consists of a cobalt affinity column, proteolytic cleavage of His- and myc-tags, and size-exclusion chromatography. The purified transporter exists as a monomer in FOS-Choline 12 detergent, with a Stokes radius of 45 A for the protein-detergent complex. In detergent solution the protein binds substrates, as indicated by tryptophan fluorescence quenching. Its dissociation constants (K(d)) for GABA, muscimol and nipecotic acid are 13.8, 13.3 and 27.9 microM, respectively. This protein preparation provides ideal starting materials for future biochemical, biophysical and structural studies of the GABA transporter.
Separation of Saturated and Unsaturated Free Fatty Acids Using Capillary Electrophoresis with Indirect Photometric Detection

The capillary zone electrophoresis separation of various mixtures of saturated and unsaturated free fatty acids (FFAs) is performed using adenosine monophosphate (AMP) as an indirect photometric detection reagent. The presence of Brij in the electrolyte and a temperature of 40°C in the running buffer are required to improve solubility of the very long chain FFAs. The separation of C 12‐C31
Comparative Genetics of Hybrid Incompatibility: Sterility in Two Solanum Species Crosses

The genetic basis of hybrid sterility can provide insight into the genetic and evolutionary origins of species barriers. We examine the genetics of hybrid incompatibility between two diploid plant species in the plant clade Solanum sect. Lycopersicon. Using a set of near-isogenic lines (NILs) representing the wild species Solanum pennellii (formerly Lycopersicon pennellii) in the genetic background of the cultivated tomato S. lycopersicum (formerly L. esculentum), we found that hybrid pollen and seed infertility are each based on a modest number of loci, male (pollen) and other (seed) incompatibility factors are roughly comparable in number, and seed-infertility QTL act additively or recessively. These findings are remarkably consistent with our previous analysis in a different species pair, S. lycopersicum × S. habrochaites. Data from both studies contrast strongly with data from Drosophila. Finally, QTL for pollen and seed sterility from the two Solanum studies were chromosomally colocalized, indicating a shared evolutionary history for these QTL, a nonrandom genomic distribution of loci causing sterility, and/or a proclivity of certain genes to be involved in hybrid sterility. We show that comparative mapping data can delimit the probable timing of evolution of detected QTL and discern which sterility loci likely evolved earliest among species.
Laboratory investigation of microbiologically influenced corrosion of C1018 carbon steel by nitrate reducing bacterium Bacillus licheniformis

Abstract Nitrate injection is used to suppress reservoir souring in oil and gas fields caused by Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) through promotion of nitrate respiration by Nitrate Reducing Bacteria (NRB). However, it is not well publicized that nitrate reduction by NRB can cause Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) because nitrate reduction coupled with iron oxidation is thermodynamically favorable. NRB benefits bioenergetically from this redox reaction under biocatalysis. This work showed that the Bacillus licheniformis biofilm, when grown as an NRB biofilm, caused a 14.5 μm maximum pit depth and 0.89 mg/cm 2 normalized weight loss against C1018 carbon steel in one-week lab tests.
The role of proprioceptive feedback in Parkinsonian resting tremor

In this paper we use a closed-loop force feedback system to investigate the effect of altering proprioceptive feedback on EEG and resting tremor in Parkinson's Disease. A velocity dependent counterforce simulating viscous friction was provided by haptic robots with simultaneous recording of kinematics, EMG and EEG while a patient was on and off dopaminergic medication' We were able to reduce the amplitude of the tremor. We also showed that force feedback shifts the center of EEG-EMG coherence posteriorly toward the somatosensory regions, which may have ramifications for noninvasive therapies.
Feasibility analysis on optimal sensor selection in cyber-physical systems

A fundamental question for observation systems based on wireless sensor network (WSN) is to achieve the best tradeoff between estimation precision and many design factors. One challenge of this kind is to select a small number of sensors, if possible, to observe the environment, and thus conserve precious onboard battery energy by transmitting only valuable data to the base station. Although many sensor selection methods have been proposed, the analysis on this problem is relatively limited. Based on the theory of optimal experimental design and convex analysis, we present some feasibility analysis on the optimal sensor selection problem. Equipped with Fisher information matrix, we show that there exists a threshold, which we named Caratheodor's limit, such that the optimal estimation is always feasible as far as the number of selected sensors is no less than that limit. We also investigated on the difference between the total sample number and the total sensor number. Discussions on some necessary conditions of sensor density and sensor deployment patterns are included too. We argue that sensor selection methods have potentials to save significant amount of energy for a large class of embedded wireless sensor networks without sacrificing estimation accuracy.
Implications of dietary therapy into the 21st century: conclusion to special issue.

The concept of dietary therapy for epilepsy has played an important role in the approach to the treatment of seizures for centuries—particularly with the development and utilization of the classic ketogenic diet over the past 90 years. Recently, there has been developing interest in the utilization of diet in other medical disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, traumatic brain injury, degenerative neurologic disorders, and cancer. As the utilization of dietary therapy expands, there are several issues that need to be addressed and better characterized to better understand the role of diet in the treatment of epilepsy and other disease.
Neutron scattering and hydrogenous materials

Advances in neutron scattering instrumentation along with new sources are providing exciting new opportunities to study increasingly complex issues in materials research. Here we provide a basic introduction into the properties of the neutron that make it a nearly ideal probe of materials. We then describe recent examples that demonstrate how these properties have been exploited to study the dynamics of hydrogen and water in a variety of materials.
Pacemaker‐Mediated Tachycardia from a Single Chamber Temperature Sensitive Pacemaker

VOLOSIN, KJ. et al.: Pacemaker-Mediated Tachycardia from a Single Chamber Temperature Sensitive Pacemaker This report describes a case of pacemaker-mediated tachycardia from a single chamber temperature sensitive rate modulated pacemaker. The patient experienced diaphragmatic pacing that produced an increase in right ventricular blood temperature. This temperature increase was sensed by the pacemaker and led lo sustained upper rate limit pacing. Decreasing the ventricular output to prevent diaphragmatic capture eliminated further episodes of pacemaker-mediated tachycardia.
Heterozygosity of genes on the sex chromosome regulates Candida albicans virulence

In the mouse model for systemic infection, natural a/alpha strains of C. albicans are more virulent and more competitive than their spontaneous MTL-homozygous offspring, which arise primarily by loss of one chromosome 5 homologue followed by duplication of the retained homologue (uniparental disomy). Deletion of either the a or alpha copy of the MTL locus of natural a/alpha strains results in a small decrease in virulence, and a small decrease in competitiveness. Loss of the heterozygosity of non-MTL genes along chromosome 5, however, results in larger decreases in virulence and competitiveness. Natural MTL-homozygous strains are on average less virulent than natural MTL-heterozygous strains and arise by multiple mitotic cross-overs along chromosome 5 outside of the MTL region. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a competitive advantage of natural a/alpha strains over MTL-homozygous offspring maintains the mating system of C. albicans.
Minimax disappointment criterion for video broadcasting

Users of media broadcasting services generally experience different grades of overall performance because of the non-uniform quality of their channel conditions. In order to provide all users equally satisfactory performance, we propose a new performance criterion named "minimax disappointment", based on layered service levels and the basic principle of joint source-channel coding. This criterion minimizes for all users the maximum value of performance degradation between the received performance and the expected optimal performance, given each user's individual channel situation. In support of this criterion, we develop two broadcasting systems and a gradient-based optimization scheme. Our systems achieve universally near-maximal performance for multiple user classes by providing layered service.
Evaluating and treating co-morbid pain and depression

Pain and depression are among the most pervasive conditions to confront a physician. In any given year, 10-15% of the adults in the US have some form of work disability owing to back pain alone and pain disorders are estimated to cost the American health economy over $100 billion annually in healthcare, workers' compensation and lost productivity (Osterweis et al., 1987). Depression is often overlooked or inadequately treated and causes refractoriness to pain treatment (Depression Guideline Panel, 1993). The problem of identifying depression in patients seeking pain treatment challenges all clinicians. Whether in primary care clinics, where chronic pain first presents, in traditional specialty offices where pain cases are frequently referred for unproductive and expensive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, or in pain clinics, which may be the patients' last hope, identifying depression must be a high priority. Although most pain disorders begin with injury or disease, their course, outcome and costs a...
A model for wetting and evaporation of a post-blink precorneal tear film

We examine a fluid dynamic model for the evolution of a precorneal tear film that includes evaporation of the aqueous layer and a wetting corneal surface. Our model extends previous work on the break-up time for a post-blink tear film to include a more realistic model for evaporation. The evaporation model includes the effects of conjoining pressure and predicts the existence of an equilibrium adsorbed fluid layer that serves as a model for a wetting corneal surface/mucin layer. The model allows the prediction of dewetting rates that are compared with experimental measurements. By choosing an expected thickness where evaporation and conjoining pressure balance, we obtain qualitative agreement for the opening rate with in vivo observations.
Measuring instructional congruence in elementary science classrooms: Pedagogical and methodological components of a theoretical framework

This article is situated within a theoretical framework, instructional congruence, articulating issues of student diversity with the demands of academic disciplines. In the context of a large-scale study targeting elementary school science, the article describes a research instrument that aims to combine the strengths of both quantitative and qualitative approaches to classroom data. The project-developed classroom observation guideline is a series of detailed scales that produce numerical ratings based on qualitative observations of different aspects of classroom practice. The article's objectives are both pedagogical and methodological, reflecting the dual functionality of the instrument: (a) to concretize theoretical constructs articulating academic disciplines with student diversity in ways that are useful for rethinking classroom practice; and (b) to take advantage of the strengths of qualitative educational research, but within a quantitative analytical framework that may be applied across large numbers of classrooms. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 44: 424–447, 2007
The Utility of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory with Offenders

Self-report instruments can provide useful information as part of a thorough clinical assessment. However, their use in forensic settings can be problematic. The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) has recently been proposed as an effective instrument for screening and outcome measurement in anger management programs. This study evaluated the effectiveness of this instrument in a sample of both voluntary and court-ordered anger-management clients, all of whom were determined through diagnostic interviews to have significant anger problems. Contrary to findings in nonforensic samples, the STAXI Trait Anger scale identified only about half of the participants as having anger-management problems severe enough to require intervention. Supplemental analysis with two additional scales did not significantly improve sensitivity. In addition to thorough diagnostic interviewing, forensic use of the STAXI (like similar assessment methods) may require additional validity scales to detect denial or socially desirable response patterns.
Finding Mutual Benefit between Subjectivity Analysis and Information Extraction

"Subjectivity analysis” systems automatically identify and extract information relating to attitudes, opinions, and sentiments from text. As more and more people make their opinions available on the Internet and as people increasingly consult the Internet to ascertain other people's opinions about products, political issues, and so on, the demand for effective subjectivity analysis systems continues to grow. Information extraction systems, which automatically identify and extract factual information relating to events of interest, remain critically important in this day and age of increasingly vast amounts of text available online. In this work, we discover that these research areas are mutually beneficial. Information extraction techniques may be used to learn informative clues of subjectivity. Then, by bootstrapping from a lexicon of subjectivity clues, we can build a subjective-objective sentence classifier that does not require annotated data as input. This classifier may then be used to improve information extraction performance, on data which have not been annotated for subjectivity, by improving precision.
Atom-phonon interaction at a surface

Abstract The interaction between an atom and a phonon is evaluated at a surface. The basic assumption is that the total potential energy of the atom V ( r ) can be written as the sum of pair interactions w ( r - r 1 ) with individual substrate atoms. The result is an expansion in phonon wavevector q , with coefficients expressed in terms of the equilibrium adsorption potential. The coupling can be utilized in calculations of kinetic and equilibrium properties of adsorbed atoms.
Cacophony: Building a resilient Internet of things

The proliferation of sensors in the world has created increased opportunities for context-aware applications. However, it is often cumbersome to capitalize on these opportunities due to the difficulties inherent in collecting, fusing, and reasoning with data from a heterogeneous set of distributed sensors. The fabric that connects sensors lacks resilience and fault tolerance in the face of infrastructure intermittency. To address these difficulties, we introduce Cacophony, a network of peer-to-peer nodes (CNodes), where each node provides real-time predictions of a specified set of sensor data. The predictions from each of the Cacophony prediction nodes can be used by any application with access to the Web. Creating a new CNode involves three steps: (1) Developers and domain-knowledge experts, via a simple Web UI, specify which sensor data they care about. Possible sources of sensor data include stationary sensors, mobile sensors, and the real-time Web; (2) The CNode automatically aggregates data from the relevant sensors in real time using a JXTA-based peer-to-peer network; and, (3) The CNode uses the aggregated data to train a prediction model via the Weka machine-learning library (Hall, et al. , 2009). Real-time predictions made by the CNode are then made publicly available to applications that wish to use data from a CNode’s particular set of sensors. The real-time predictions themselves can also be used recursively as sensor data, enabling the creation of CNodes that make predictions based on other CNodes.