cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resistance and the politics of negotiation: women, place and space among the Kayapó in Amazonia, Brazil

In this article, I suggest that a critical analysis of Kayapo participation in resistance strategies should be inclusive of negotiated politics, everyday resistance and micro-scale strategies of contestation along with the public and highly dramatic. In particular, I interweave theories of gender, resistance and space to analyse women's strategies of resistance and spaces of negotiation in a Kayapo village. I not only emphasize the performative politics of activism, but also highlight the gendered facets of performance and resistance. I suggest that a critical analysis of women's participation in resistance strategies should be inclusive of but not overshadowed by the highly visible, spectacular forms of social movements. Drawing upon more than 12 months of ethnographic research in a Kayapo village, I note the importance of examining everyday experiences of discord and resistance in Kayapo villages. This micro-scale perspective is especially salient if we consider that women might be unevenly included or ...
Tubulin-colchicine complex (TC) inhibits microtubule depolymerization by a capping reaction exerted preferentially at the minus end

The effects of colchicine and tubulin-colchicine complex (TC) on microtubule depolymerization were studied using the axoneme-subunit system described previously [Bergen LG, Borisy GG; J Cell Biol 84:141-150, 1980]. This system allows the independent analysis of the polymerization kinetics at both the plus and minus ends of a microtubule. Depolymerization was induced by isothermal dilution with 10 volumes of an experimental solution containing colchicine, TC, or buffer alone. Colchicine alone (5-100 microM) blocked depolymerization at the minus end, whereas depolymerization at the plus end occurred at almost control rates. A similar effect was produced by TC (0.4:1-1:1 molar ratio to free tubulin). High molar ratios of TC to tubulin (10:1) blocked depolymerization at both plus and minus ends, and intermediate molar ratios of TC:T allowed depolymerization of the plus ends but at attenuated rates. The blockage was not readily reversible; TC-affected ends neither shortened upon dilution nor grew longer upon incubation with additional tubulin. We conclude that TC at suprastoichiometric ratios to tubulin inhibits microtubule depolymerization by a capping reaction and that this effect is exerted preferentially at the minus end.
Formation of CH2TiF2 by C−F Activation and α-F Transfer

Laser-ablated titanium atoms react with CH2F2 to form the methylidene complex CH2TiF2, which is symmetrical and shows no agostic distortion, in contrast to the analogous methylidene complexes CH2TiHF and CH2TiH2.
Mitochondrial Ubiquinone Homologues, Superoxide Radical Generation, and Longevity in Different Mammalian Species

Rates of mitochondrial superoxide anion radical (O·2) generation are known to be inversely correlated with the maximum life span potential of different mammalian species. The objective of this study was to understand the possible mechanism(s) underlying such variations in the rate of O·2 generation. The hypothesis that the relative amounts of the ubiquinones or coenzyme Q (CoQ) homologues, CoQ9 and CoQ10, are related with the rate of O·2 generation was tested. A comparison of nine different mammalian species, namely mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, pig, goat, sheep, cow, and horse, which vary from 3.5 to 46 years in their maximum longevity, indicated that the rate of O·2 generation in cardiac submitochondrial particles (SMPs) was directly related to the relative amount of CoQ9 and inversely related to the amount of CoQ10, extractable from their cardiac mitochondria. To directly test the relationship between CoQ homologues and the rate of O·2 generation, rat heart SMPs, naturally containing mainly CoQ9 and cow heart SMPs, with high natural CoQ10 content, were chosen for depletion/reconstitution experiments. Repeated extractions of rat heart SMPs with pentane exponentially depleted both CoQ homologues while the corresponding rates of O·2 generation and oxygen consumption were lowered linearly. Reconstitution of both rat and cow heart SMPs with different amounts of CoQ9 or CoQ10 caused an initial increase in the rates of O·2 generation, followed by a plateau at high concentrations. Within the physiological range of CoQ concentrations, there were no differences in the rates of O·2generation between SMPs reconstituted with CoQ9 or CoQ10. Only at concentrations that were considerably higher than the physiological level, the SMPs reconstituted with CoQ9 exhibited higher rates of O·2 generation than those obtained with CoQ10. These in vitrofindings do not support the hypothesis that differences in the distribution of CoQ homologues are responsible for the variations in the rates of mitochondrial O·2 generation in different mammalian species.
Three dimensions of depth of involvement in human sexual response 1

Abstract A model proposed to account for hypnotic phenomena is extended and specifically applied to understanding human sexual response. It is proposed that orgasmic response is potentiated by effective sexual stimulation that is subjectively experienced as (1) pleasurable sexual sensations and (2) the emotions of excitement and joy. Effective sexual stimulation is a joint function of the density of physical sexual stimulation and depth of involvement in the sexual contact episode. Involvement is a complex of psychological processes in which there is an interaction of fundamental emotions (interest‐excitement and enjoyment‐joy) with cognitions and actions that can be described by three dimensions: (1) sexual role enactment, (2) sexual trance, and (3) engagement with the sex partner. The fundamental emotions of excitement and joy amplify sex drive, are a source of sexual pleasure and meaning, and are bonded to specific preferred dimensions of involvement. The concept of depth is used to describe the state ...
KRAS mutational analysis and immunohistochemical studies can help distinguish pancreatic metastases from primary lung adenocarcinomas.

Lung metastases from primary pancreatic adenocarcinomas often have mucinous features, which makes them difficult to distinguish from the primary lung adenocarcinoma. We explored the potential utility of KRAS mutational status and immunohistochemical studies in the evaluation of adenocarcinomas in the lungs of patients with known pancreatic cancer. Metastatic pancreatic cancer cases had fewer solitary lung lesions (5 (15%) versus 37 (95%) for lung primaries; P=0.0001), more tumors with pure (100%) mucinous morphology (16 (50%) versus 9 (23%) for lung primaries; P=0.0037), and more frequent KRAS mutations (24 (75%) versus 18 (46%) for lung primaries; P=0.0093). Presence of the KRAS G12C mutation had 96% specificity and positive predictive value for lung adenocarcinoma, whereas G12R was 99% specific for pancreatic cancer with a positive predictive value of 86%. Of the 18 KRAS mutated mucinous lung tumors, only 3 (16%) occurred in nonsmokers. Conversely, of the 19 KRAS mutated pancreatic cancer metastases, 11 (58%) occurred in nonsmokers. The median overall survival was significantly shorter for patients with metastatic tumors when compared with patients with primary mucinous tumors (19 months, 95% confidence interval, 10–28 months versus 55 months, 95% confidence interval, 39–70 months, P=0.005). CK20 and CDX2 positivity supported metastatic pancreatic cancer, whereas TTF-1 positivity supported primary lung adenocarcinoma. In summary, KRAS G12C mutations, TTF-1, and napsin A were associated with primary lung adenocarcinoma, whereas KRAS G12R mutations, CK20, and CDX2 favored pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We showed survival differences for patients whose pancreatic metastases were synchronous versus metachronous to their primary tumors, and for patients with mucinous pancreatic cancer metastases versus primary mucinous lung adenocarcinomas. Differences in KRAS mutations reflect differences in exposure to tobacco smoking and highlight biological differences between two KRAS oncogene-driven cancers.
977-71 Conduction Patterns of the Sinoatrial Node and Perinodal Region Demonstrated by an Optical Mapping Technique

Studies of the conduction patterns within the sinus node region have been limited to extracellular surface and intracellular microelectrode techniques. Even with multiple electrodes, data is limited to a finite number of discrete points within the tissue, thus pacemaker shifts, entrance block, and antegrade versus retrograde conduction differences have not been completely elucidated. To study the entire sinus node (SAN), functional perinodal boundary (FPB), and crista terminalis (CT) tissue preparation, we use a 144 element photodiode array recorded simultaneously with bipolar sensing and pacing electrograms. A wide margin of right atrial tissue including the interatrial septum (lAS), from an adult New Zealand white rabbit, was dissected and viability maintained by superfusion of 37°C, O2 enriched Krebs. The tissue was stained with 2 mM di-4-ANEPPS, a voltage sensitive, optically active dye. The isochronal activation patterns are constructed by linear interpolation of times in the image space between photodiode elements (625 μm). Each isochronal band represents 1 ms. conduction time. Single decremental premature stimuli (560 ms) were delivered into a sensed sinus rhythm (900 ms) at the inferior CT (STIM). Download : Download high-res image (186KB) Download : Download full-size image Results Consistently, the premature stimulus shifts the slow conduction of the FPB medially toward the sinus node, increasing transverse conduction delay. This provokes rapid retrograde longitudinal conduction up the CT and preferentially enters the SAN within its superior margin. SAN depolarization then proceeds in a superior to inferior fashion. Conclusion Premature depolarization of the superior margins of the SAN may offer explanations for sinoatrial entrance block and the superior shift in pacemaker site after early premature stimuli. Optical mapping may allow resolution of sinoatrial conduction physiology.
A simple and efficient method for the calculation of carrier-carrier scattering in Monte-Carlo simulations

The analysis of the carrier-carrier scattering is getting more important and it can be done by the particle-particle-particle-mesh (P3M) algorithm. A problematic part of the algorithm is to avoid double-counting of the pair forces in short-range. Here, we solve the problem by introducing an efficient numerical method to the algorithm. The improvements in accuracy and applicability are confirmed with various test cases. In addition, the modified P3M method is integrated with a 3D ensemble Monte Carlo (EMC) simulator and applied to the device simulations. The results are compared with those of the PM (particle-mesh)-EMC approach, which reveals the limitations of the scattering rate based methods and the importance of the P3M method to treat carrier interactions.
The St. Jude valve prosthesis: analysis of the clinical results in 815 implants and the need for systemic anticoagulation.

Abstract Between July 1979 and December 1984, 785 patients received 815 St. Jude Medical valve prostheses. Valve-related mortality in the follow-up period was due to thromboemholism in seven cases, anticoagulant-related hemorrhage in three and perivalvular leak in two. Freedom from valve-related death or reoperation at 3 years was 96.4% for aortic valve replacement and 98.3% for mitral valve replacement. The overall rate of thromboembolism was 2.6%/patient-year with warfarin, 9.2%/patient-year with antiplatelet medication and 15.6%/patient-year in patients with no anticoagulant therapy. One episode of thrombotic obstruction of a mitral valve, in a patient receiving no anticoagulant therapy, resulted in an occurrence rate of such obstruction of 0.22%/patient-year. Valve replacement with the St. Jude valve produced excellent clinical results, but long-term anticoagulation with warfarin was required to minimize thromboembolic complications. The use of antiplatelet agents alone provided inadequate protection.
Second-trimester plasma homocysteine levels and pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether second-trimester plasma homocysteine levels are elevated among women whose pregnancies are subsequently complicated by pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, or intrauterine growth restriction. Study Design: Women with normal but relatively low plasma zinc levels were randomly assigned to receive zinc supplementation or placebo from 19 weeks’ gestation until delivery. Plasma homocysteine concentration and plasma and erythrocyte folate levels were determined for all available stored samples (zinc group, 231/294; placebo group, 206/286) at 26 and 37 weeks’ gestation. Among all women with available samples, pregnancy-induced hypertension (n = 12) or preeclampsia (n = 4) developed in 16 women, and 22 pregnancies were complicated by intrauterine growth restriction. Results: Mean homocysteine levels in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia were similar to those of control subjects at 26 weeks’ gestation but were significantly higher at 37 weeks’ gestation. Homocysteine levels were similar between women with pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction and control subjects at both time points. Conclusion: Second-trimester plasma homocysteine concentrations do not predict the subsequent development of pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:805-9.)
Optimal Sequential Investment Decisions Under Conditions of Uncertainty

This paper presents a mathematical model of sequential investment behavior under conditions of uncertainty. The model addresses the problem of an investor with access to a limited pool of capital, who makes sequential decisions on long-lasting investments, under uncertainty as to the timing or the quality of future opportunities. We derive optimal investment strategies for the cases where the return from investment is a convex or concave function, we present closed form solutions for commonly adopted return functions, and we evaluate how the optimal investment behavior should change when changes occur in the environment, or the underlying probability distributions. In addition, we analyze three modifications of the problem. The results presented in this paper extend previous results on investment behavior for long-lasting irreversible decisions; in addition, some results are in accordance with existing ones from portfolio theory and/or search theory.
The generalizability of story grammar training across setting and tasks

Reading achievement depends in part on children's ability to employ strategies to monitor their comprehension, that is on children's use of metacognitive skills. An experimental intervention program created to foster such skills was evaluated. The story grammar training was designed to increase both strategic reading behavior and explicit, observable comprehension monitoring. Fourth-grade (N = 20) and fifth-grade (N = 16) children were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Maintenance was examined using free and probed oral recall, notetaking, and summarization of brief narrative and expository texts. Generalization was assessed through free and probed written recall of a lengthy text, which required both strategic reading and summarization skills for adequate comprehension. Skill acquisition was clearly demonstrated; trained readers were able to recall and summarize passages better than untrained readers. The evidence for generalization was more equivocal: although trained readers' free recall was significantly better than that of untrained readers, their probed recall was not. Provision of metacognitive skills that promote active comprehension monitoring, then, appears to provide children with the tools needed for independent reading. Programs designed to provide such skills may aid efforts to prevent reading failure.
Ray Selection And Weighting Criteria For Optical Design

In computer assisted optical design, it is necessary to have a single scalar function which represents the overall quality of the lens, a quantity which may be used as the basis for comparison by the program. Although this is normally referred to as the "merit" function, it is usually based on the defects in the image. Hence, the best lens has the smallest "merit", and the optimization procedures seek to minimize, the value of the merit function.
On the orthogonality of natural modes of vibration

Abstract The natural modes of a discrete linear system are orthogonal with respect to the mass and stiffness matrices in a generalized sense. However, these modes are usually not orthogonal to each other in the ordinary sense. The purpose of this paper is to document a number of conditions under which the modes are also orthogonal in an ordinary fashion.
Preschool Children's Identification and Understanding of Mixed Emotions.

Abstract Children up to age 10 typically deny, on verbal tasks, that mixed emotions can occur. The experiments presented in this article explore whether partial knowledge of mixed emotions exists in the preschool years. In Experiment 1, 4-year-olds, 5-year-olds, and adults chose mixed-emotion responses (e.g., “both happy and sad”) to describe mixed-emotion faces more than pure-emotion faces. In Experiment 2, 5-year-olds, but not 4-year-olds, chose mixed-emotion faces and/or labels, to match emotionally mixed stories more than emotionally consistent stories. Thus, both 4- and 5-year-olds can identify mixed emotions, but only 5-year-olds can acknowledge their expression in appropriate situations. The results are discussed in terms of a two-step developmental sequence occurring between ages 4 and 6.
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT RECESS TIMING REGIMENS ON PRESCHOOLERS CLASSROOM ATTENTION

This study examined the effects of different recess timing regimens on preschoolers’ classroom attention. Using cognitive immaturity theory, we predicted that attention to a classroom task would be greater after a recess break. We also examined the extent to which different recess timing regimens related to post‐recess attention. Participants were 27 European American children (18 girls and nine boys; mean = 55.56 months, standard deviation = 4.01) from a northeastern US preschool. Observations were made in the classroom before and after recess and outdoors on the playground during recess. Findings revealed that post‐recess attention was greater following sustained outdoor play periods. Gender differences emerged. Girls were more attentive to classroom tasks than boys were. Our findings support and parallel empirical findings with primary school children on the role of recess in children’s cognitive performance. It seems reasonable that outdoor recess breaks rejuvenate young children and help them attend ...
Multiple benzodiazepine receptors and their regulation by γ-aminobutyric

Abstract The interaction of propyl β-carboline-3-carboxylate (PCC) with benzodiazepine receptors in the cerebral cortex of the rat was investigated by direct measurements of [3H]PCC binding and by competitive inhibition of [3H]flunitrazepam (FLU) binding. Initial experiments showed that [3H]PCC binding exhibited characteristics of saturability, stereospecificity and a pharmacological specificity remarkably similar to that of [3H]FLU binding. Analysis of [3H]PCC binding isotherms and PCC/[3H]PCC competition curves revealed the presence of a small population of super high affinity PCC binding sites (KSH = 30–100 pM) which represents approximately 3–6% of the total sites. When measured by competitive inhibition of [3H]FLU binding, receptor occupancy by PCC was generally consistent with that determined by direct measurements of [3H]PCC binding. Analysis of the PCC/[3H]FLU competition curve revealed the presence of two major populations of high and low affinity PCC binding sites with dissociation constants of 0.54 and 10 nM and relative abundances of 52 and 45%, respectively. Collectively, the results of the [3H]PCC binding isotherm, PCC/[3H]PCC competition curve and PCC/[3H]FLU competition curve are internally consistent when rationalized in terms of three populations of benzodiazepine receptors - super high, high, and low affinity - each having different affinities for PCC and equal affinity for FLU. The effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on PCC and FLU binding were investigated, and it was observed that GABA enhanced the binding of FLU to the various receptor subtypes whereas no significant effect of GABA on the binding of PCC was detected.
Reduction of bonding constraints by self-organization in gate dielectrics for a-Si:H thin film transistors (TFTs) and crystalline Si field effect transistors (FETs)

Abstract Studies of binary chalcogenide alloys have established that the onset of mean-field rigidity is generally delayed by a chemical self-organization, resulting in an intermediate phase with deviations from mean-field bonding. In Ge x Se 1− x , the onset of rigidity occurs for a mean field coordination, r c , = 2.4 at x = 0.2, but percolation of stress is delayed until r c = 2.52. For Si x N y H z plasma-deposited thin films, self-organization occurs during deposition at 300 °C, and for (SiO 2 ) x (Si 3 N 4 ) y (ZrO 2 ) z thin films, it occurs during annealing at about 900 °C. Thin films in the respective self-organized intermediate phase have low defect densities, and also display low defect densities at semiconductor interfaces. The hydrogenated silicon nitride films are used as gate dielectrics in a-Si:H thin film transistors, and the Zr Si oxynitride films are used in crystalline Si field effect transistors.
Interactions between Two-Year-Olds and Their Mothers and Fathers

The effects of stress on the parental preferences of 2-yr.-olds were investigated. In a stress-free situation, children showed no preference for either parent. Children responded similarly to separ...
Deep level transient spectroscopy of neutron irradiated semiconductors

Abstract Deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) is a powerful technique utilizing the unique properties of junctions in semiconductors for the study of defects. The technique employs a reverse biased junction (p+ n, n + p, or Schottky diode) which is pulsed either electronically or optically to inject majority and/or minority carriers. For a pulse of suitable duration the injected carriers will fill traps in the band gap. After the filling pulse, the junction will relax as the traps empty. The junction relaxation can be monitored by measuring the transient capacitance or the junction transient current. We report the DLTS results of transient capacitance measurements on neutron irradiated Si, Ge and GaAs. The transient capacitance is used to determine defect electronic energy levels, defect concentration and free carrier cross sections. DLTS is also used to monitor the annealing process of defects in all three semiconductors.
Price-Pattern Recognition Using a Local PolynomialRegression

Technical analysis, also known as “charting,” has received con - siderable attention for many decades. Much of the work of technical analysts has relied on the ability to recognize patterns when displayed pictorially. Some researchers have investigated the use of nonparametric methods to identify price patterns. Subjective bandwidth selection and boundary problems are two main issues when applying the Nadaraya–Watson kernel estimator to pattern recognition. To fill the gap, we propose a complete data-driven technical analysis algorithm with the application of a nonparametric local linear estimator. We incorporate trading volume together with trading price to define the patterns. Empirical implementation on S&P 500 Index stocks indicates that the proposed algorithm is very informative and promising.
Nonuniform sympathetic nerve responses to intravenous hypertonic saline infusion

Abstract Peripheral hyperosmolality produced by the intravenous infusion of hypertonic saline (HTS) increases mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) in experimental animals. The mechanisms mediating the pressor response have not been fully ascertained, but likely involve vasopressin and/or activation of the sympathetic nervous system. The primary aim of this study was to determine if HTS infusion produces regionally uniform or nonuniform changes in sympathetic nerve discharge (SND). For this purpose we recorded renal, splanchnic and lumbar SND during intravenous HTS infusion (2.5 M NaCl, 10 μl/100 g BW per min) in chloralose-anesthetized, Sprague-Dawley rats. In rats with intact arterial baroreceptors, HTS infusion significantly increased MAP (17 ± 2 mmHg) and lumbar SND (29 ± 13%) but reduced splanchnic (−52 ± 7%) and renal SND (−33 ± 8%). After sinoaortic denervation (SAD), HTS infusion significantly increased MAP (28 ± 6 mmHg) and lumbar SND (27 ± 9%) and decreased renal SND (−22 ± 8%). The increase in lumbar SND occurred significantly sooner in SAD compared with baroreceptor-intact rats. In contrast, splanchnic SND remained unchanged from control levels during HTS infusion after SAD. These results demonstrate that HTS infusion produces regionally nonuniform changes in SND, and suggest that the pressor and lumbar sympathoexcitatory responses to HTS infusion are opposed by the arterial baroreceptors.
Practical Approaches for Evaluating the Quality Dimensions of Professional Accounting Services

The environment of the 1990's will require more attention to the effective delivery of quality services to clients. Providers of professional accounting services must work toward establishing a strong competitive position in the marketplace and this means that they will have to understand how their customers perceive value in the services rendered. The authors offer an analysis of the underlying dimensions of service quality as these dimensions apply lo accounting services and suggest practical methods that accounting firms can use to enhance the quality of the services they provide from the customers' perspective. The marketing audit for accounting services is described and the relationship between the evaluation of service quality and the marketing audit is explained.
Effect of flow direction on conversion in isothermal radial flow fixed‐bed reactors

Singular perturbation solutions are used to derive criteria predicting the influence of change in flow direction on the conversion in an isothermal radial-flow, fixed-bed reactor. It is shown that when the reaction does not involve a change in the number of moles, the outward flow direction is the preferred one for any reaction with a convex rate expression. The inward flow direction is a better choice for any reaction with a concave rate expression. A more intricate behavior occurs for reactions involving a change in volume. Analytical approximations and numerical solutions indicate that the influence of flow direction on the conversion is rather small.
Data mining in rough relational databases by attribute generalisation

The rough relational database model was developed for the management of uncertainty in relational databases. In particular, knowledge discovery performed on this database can provide useful information in the form of rules that may not have been known previously. A particular type of knowledge discovery, attribute oriented induction of rules from generalised data, is discussed in this paper, along with the advantages of the rough relational database model for this approach.
Immortalization of chimpanzee hepatocytes with an amphoteric retrovirus encoding simian virus 40 T antigen

Primary chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) hepatocyte cultures were maintained in a serum-free medium containing hormones and growth factors and exhibited the de novo synthesis and secretion of numerous liver-specific plasma proteins for over 3 weeks in vitro. The long-term maintenance of differentiated, primate hepatocytes in this serum-free medium allowed for subsequent immortalization events to occur after infection with the amphoteric retrovirus U19, which encodes the simian virus 40 large T antigen oncogene. Several hepatocyte cell lines were selected and examined for the expression of liver-specific plasma proteins and the capacity to synthesize apolipoproteins. Several cell lines expressed a majority of the plasma proteins investigated, including apolipoproteins A1 and E. These results demonstrate the ability of this serum-free medium to maintain long-term differentiated primate hepatocytes, allowing for the experimental immortalization of this cell type in vitro and the maintenance of differentiated functions in the established cell lines. This methodology should be amenable to the study of the liver and its related diseases.
Recent results of a phase-conjugate holographic system for high-resolution particle image holography

A novel holographic particle image velocimeter system has been developed for the study of three-dimensional fluid velocity fields. The recording system produces three-dimensional particle images of micron-sized particles with a resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, accuracy and derived velocity fields that are comparable to high-quality two-dimensional photographic PIV (particle image velocimetry). The high image resolution is accomplished by using low f- number optics, a fringe stabilized processing chemistry, and a phase conjugate play-back geometry that compensates for aberrations in the imaging system. In addition, the system employs a reference multiplexed, off-axis geometry for determining velocity directions using the cross-correlation technique, and a stereo camera geometry for determining the three velocity components. The combination of the imaging and reconstruction sub-systems make the analysis of volumetric PIV domains feasible. Recent results using the newly developed HPIV system are presented and potential uses of the system in other holographic imaging applications are discussed as well.
Laparoscopic appendectomy and duodenocolonic dissociation (LADD) procedure for malrotation

The treatment of "asymptomatic" intestinal malrotation remains controversial, particularly beyond the neonatal period. Two cases illustrate the application of laparoscopy for correction of malrotation: one in an older child and another in an asymptomatic infant. Both patients recovered well and were discharged 2 days after surgery. Laparoscopic appendectomy and duodenocolonic dissociation allows excellent visualization of the duodenocolic and Ladd's bands and easily accommodates appendectomy. The availability of this minimal-access technique should encourage correction of malrotation in the asymptomatic patient.
Internal Functionalization and Surface Modification of Vinylsilsesquioxane Nanoparticles

The interior of 237 nm spherical vinylsilsesquioxane nanoparticles has been covalently modified and their surface functionalized under mild conditions to yield a novel type of hybrid silsesquioxane nanoparticles. Data obtained from thermogravimetric and elemental analysis show that the vinyl groups inside the nanoparticles can be easily brominated or hydroborated, leading to the nanoparticles containing 59.9 wt % of bromine or 3.6 wt % of boron, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the vinyl groups inside the nanoparticles are highly accessible, which may lead to the preparation of a host of hybrid organosilica nanoparticles with complex structures. We also show that the surface of the brominated and boronated nanoparticles is unhindered for further amination.
A randomized interleaved DRAM architecture for the maintenance of exact statistics counters

We extend a previously proposed randomized interleaved DRAM architecture [1] that can maintain wirespeed updates (say 40 Gb/s) to a large array (say millions) of counters. It works by interleaving updates to randomly distributed counters across multiple memory banks. Though unlikely, an adversary can conceivably overload a memory bank by triggering frequent updates to the same counter. In this work, we show this "attack" can be mitigated through caching pending updates, which can catch repeated updates to the same counter within a sliding time window. While this architecture of combining randomization with caching is simple and straightforward, the primary contribution of this work is to rigorously prove that it can handle with overwhelming probability all adversarial update patterns, using a combination of tail bound techniques, convex ordering theory, and queueing analysis.
Optico-mechanical properties of isolated bovine cornea

Abstract The stress-strain relationship of bovine cornea was studied with transient techniques in three different types of topological strips of isolated bovine cornea. The stress and strain relation has been observed as well as the dependence of the strain on the rate of strain. Simultaneously, birefringence and the relaxation of birefringence was also obtained. The different optico-mechanical behavior of the three types of corneal strips were explained on the basis of the preferential orientations of collagen fibrils in the different parts of the resting cornea. A three-step mechanism is proposed to account for the optico-mechanical behavior of the cornea under stress.
Evidence-Basis for Anticoagulants for Cerebral Sinus Venous Thrombosis?

The recent case of cerebral sinus venous thrombosis (CSVT) in the US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton brought my attention to articles that lay out the evidence-basis for the use of full dose heparin and oral anticoagulant drugs for CSVT. Unfortunately, articles published in Stroke by investigators from the International Study on Cerebral Vein and Dural Sinus Thrombosis (ISCVT), a large prospective observational study, have failed to report important evidence against the hypothesis that anticoagulants reduce morbidity and mortality of patients with CSVT. The following points have been missed specifically:
Trophic state analysis of inland lakes

Abstract The formulation of a trophic state index using remote sensing data is discussed. A multivariate analysis technique is applied to the data to formulate a trophic state index which combines selected indicators of eutrophication into a single numerical expression. Results are presented for a group of inland lakes in Southern Michigan. The relationship between phosphorus loading to the lakes and the derived numerical index is examined. The results demonstrate the potential of multispectral remote sensing for use in eutrophication assessment and watershed analysis.
Electrical Characterization Of MIS Interfaces

Characterization of metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) interfaces by capacitance-voltage (C-V) analysis is reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed upon III-V semiconductor inter-faces which are compared to the nearly ideal thermal Si0 2 /Si system.
Ciliary membranes in water transport

The rate of contraction of the contractile vacuole was used as an indicator of water uptake by Paramecium caudatum. Water uptake by deciliated paramecia was found to be about half that of the controls. Normal rate returned with the regeneration of the cilia.
Approaching the Control of Viral Hepatitis Type B

Since the original observations by Blumberg [1] and Prince [2] that indicated the presence of a unique antigen in the circulation of individuals with viral hepatitis type B, the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and a number of virus-specific by-products have been identified [3-15]. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of three major morphologic forms in varying ratios in infected blood; these forms included (1) spherical particles with a diameter of approximately 22 nm; (2) filaments with a diameter of 22 nm and an average length of 200-400 nm; and (3) double-membraned, virus-like particles with a diameter of approximately 42 nm, which have been termed Dane particles (figure 1, top) [3-6]. Purified 22-nm particles are shown in the lower left portion of figure 1. The inner core of the Dane particle or nonenveloped cores derived from nuclei of infected liver have a diameter of 24-27 nm (figure 1, lower right) [4, 11, 16, 17]. A schematic illustration of the components of the coat protein and of Dane particles is shown in figure 2 [18]. The antigenic determinants of the 22-nm spheres, the filaments, and the envelope of the Dane particle are related and are collectively termed hepatitis B surface antigen (HB, Ag). Further analysis of HB, Ag reveals that it is com-
Mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerol composition of dinoflagellates. VII. Evidence against galactolipid production and plastid presence in the heterotrophic, basal dinoflagellate, Oxyrrhis marina

The heterotrophic genus Oxyrrhis contains two species, O. marina and O. maritima, which occupy positions basal to the dinoflagellate lineage. Oxyrrhis is also related to apicomplexan parasites, which have recently been shown to have a non-photosynthetic, relic plastid referred to as the apicoplast. A recent study by Slamovits & Keeling (2008) demonstrated the presence of plastid-targeted proteins within O. marina. We hypothesized that if O. marina does indeed have plastids, then mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG and DGDG, respectively), which are the two most prominent plastidial membrane lipids, would be present. Therefore, we examined three isolates of O. marina to determine if they can produce MGDG and DGDG. We observed that O. marina, when fed the chlorophyte Dunaliella tertiolecta, possessed forms of MGDG and DGDG containing a C18:3 fatty acid at the sn-1 position and most containing a C16:3-4 fatty acid at the sn-2 position; these were derived solely from the prey itself. Examination of pub...
Substituent Effect on the Electrochemical Oxidation of Arylmethyl Anions. 3. Effect of Methyl Substitution on Diarylmethyl Anions

Etude par voltammetrie cyclique de l'oxydation sur electrode de platine de diphenylmethanures substitues, dans le monoglyme-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl ethylenediamine. Les potentiels dependent du nombre et de la position des substituants
Observational Interpretation of an Active Prominence on 1999 May 1

This paper presents an observational study of an active prominence observed in He I 1083 nm intensity and velocity data obtained at the Mauna Loa Solar Observatory, which provide physical insight into dynamical processes associated with prominences. We compare these observations with existing theoretical prominence models, which fall into two main classes: dip models and flux rope models. Dip models use sagging magnetic arches to explain prominence support, while flux rope models are characterized by helical magnetic field lines that trap prominence material at the bottom of the rope. The prominence on which we focus in the present paper has four interesting components of activity, all of which we attempt to explain using each of three different prominence models: the normal and inverse polarity flux rope models and the dip model. Our objective is to test the viability of each of these models in describing this type of activity. The model that appears consistent with the observed activity in this particular prominence is the inverse polarity flux rope model. We suggest that the process of vertical reconnection between an inverse polarity flux rope and an underlying magnetic arcade may best describe the observed prominence activity.
Vibrational relaxation of isomerizing alkyl halide complexes of perylene measured by stimulated emission spectroscopy

Abstract Experiments involving picosecond stimulated-emission spectroscopy have monitored the resonance emission following vibronic excitation of the 1:1 complexes ofperylene with n -hexane, n -octane and the three isomers each with 1-chlorobutane and 1-chloropentane. The experiments confirm that photoisomerization is occurring in the alkyl halide complexes, by labelling the transient resonant emission. The rates of vibrational relaxation (IVR) at 355 cm −1 excess energy differ by up to a factor of three for different isomers, and are independent ofisomeric stability.
Disseminated cutaneous zoster and aseptic meningitis in a previously healthy patient

A previously healthy, 37-year-old immunocompetent man presented with disseminated cutaneous zoster and aseptic meningitis. Varicella zoster virus DNA was recovered from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by the polymerase chain reaction. Cytological evaluation of the CSF revealed 'reactive, highly atypical lymphocytosis'. The patient fully recovered after treatment with aciclovir.
The Use of Continuous Subcutaneous Octreotide Infusion in Brittle Type 1 Diabetic Patients

Two Type 1 diabetic patients with brittle diabetes were successfully treated using continuous SC octreotide (Sandostatin) infusion (200 micrograms 24-h-1) for 6 months and 12 months. When the analogue was discontinued, rapid deterioration in glucose control and ketonuria recurred in one patient and diabetic ketoacidosis in the other. These were corrected after reinstitution of the analogue.
A study of C8H10 radical cation isomerizations by collisionally induced dissociation mass spectrometry and computational methodology

Abstract Various gas-phase C8H10 radical cations were investigated by using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and by utilizing AM1, PM3 and MNDO semi-empirical computations. The dissociation properties of the radical cations of bicyclo[2,2,2]octa-2,4-diene (dihydrobarrelene, DHB), bicyclo[4,2,0]octa-2,4-diene (BCO), 1,3,5-cyclooctatriene (COT), and 1,3,5,7-octatetraene (OT) were found to change as a function of internal energy. Both MS/MS and computational results confirm that the DHB radical cation isomerizes to the BCO radical cation and to a lesser extent to the COT radical cation. The OTE radical cation does not interconvert with the BCO, COT or DHB radical cations. An attempt was made to generate a benzene/ethylene C8H10 radical cation adduct ion via gas-phase ion/molecule reaction, but not adduct ion was observed in a chemical ionization source.
The crystals and molecular structure of 1,1,4,4-Tetraphenyl-2,5-di-(t-butyl)-1,4-diphosphoniacyclohexadiene-2,5-dichloride

The crystal and molecular structure of the title compound has been determined by single crystal, x-ray diffraction techniques. The compound crystallizes in a monoclinic space group of C2/c symmetry with four molecules in a unit cell of dimensions a = 24.578(1), b = 10.503(1), c = 17.579(1) A and (3 = 1.30.93 ± .01°. The unit cell also contains two waters of crystallization which are involved in hydrogen bonds to the chloride ions. The central ring has been shown to be a diene which resides in a boat conformation defined by dihedral angles of 157°. The structure has been refined to a value of R = 0.08 using the 1535 statistically significant reflections measured out ot a 2θ value of 140°.
Telomerase in gynecologic cancers.

Abstract Objective: To provide the obstetrician-gynecologist with the following: 1) basic concepts of telomere shortening and telomerase activation and their relation to cellular immortalization and cancer, 2) an overview of potential uses of telomerase activity in cancer diagnosis, assessment of prognosis, and the development of new anticancer therapeutic approaches, and 3) a review of the literature on telomerase activity in gynecologic cancers. Data Sources: A computerized search for articles published in which telomerase or telomerases were included as a subject heading or a textword was performed using the Ovid Search Software (Ovid Technologies Inc., New York, NY). The search was conducted of the following databases of the National Library of Medicine and the National Cancer Institute: MEDLINE January 1966 to May 1997, HealthSTAR January 1975 to May 1997, AIDSline January 1980 to May 1997, and CancerLit January 1980 to May 1997. Additional sources were identified through cross-referencing. Methods of Study Selection: All sources identified were reviewed with particular attention to human application, specifically in gynecologic cancers. Tabulation, Integration, and Results: A total of 304 references was identified. Each reference was reviewed to determine the relevant contribution to the basic understanding of the role of telomerase in cellular immortalization and the development of cancer, potential uses of telomerase measurement in cancer, gynecologic applications, and potential use of telomerase inhibitors in cancer therapy. Conclusion: Telomerase activity might be a valuable diagnostic and prognostic tool in gynecologic and other types of cancer, and telomerase inhibition might prove to be a significant therapeutic approach for some types of cancer. Better understanding of the relation between telomerase activation, tumor suppressor genes, and oncogenes might clarify several aspects of early tumorigenesis and result in development of novel approaches to early cancer detection and prevention.
Perspectives on parenthood and working of female athletic trainers in the secondary school and collegiate settings.

Abstract Context: Female athletic trainers (ATs) are currently underrepresented in the collegiate setting. Parenting and family obligations may play a role in this underrepresentation. Objective: T...
Superconducting generators for utility power systems

The concept of a superconducting ac generator for utility power system applications has been of interest for a number of years, but it has not been until recently that definitive feasibility studies have been made. Although these studies are not yet complete, it appears that among the advantages to be accrued will be reduced size and weight, higher efficiency, lower capital cost, and greater stability. In addition to these detailed design programs at Westinghouse and General Electric, the Electric Power Research Institute is sponsoring exploratory research for even more advanced generating concepts at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Case Western Reserve University, and Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories. If successful, the ac superconducting generator may well be the first large scale commercial application of superconductivity. In part, this is because the anticipated advantages should occur at present power generation levels (∼1000 MVA), rather than at future power levels.
Descriptive Profile Analysis of Cooked, Stored, and Reheated Chicken Patties

A trained panel evaluated off-flavor development in precooked, stored and reheated chicken patties. Factor analysis of intensity scores on 12 sensory attributes yielded three factors. Calculated Factor I scores increased with storage time and predominantly characterized cooked samples stored 2 and 3 days. Factors II and III characterized fresh cooked product and cooked product stored 0 or 1 day. Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA) revealed a spatial configuration that classified storage times according to attribute subsets corresponding to Factor scores. The second and third canonical variables classified samples stored 0 and 1 day differently from other stored samples and probably represented flavor characteristics which were important indicators of flavor change occurring within 24 hours of refrigerated storage.