cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Understanding the opposing roles of the adaptive immune system in stroke (THER7P.955)

Stroke is caused by a loss of blood flow to the brain, which results in permanent neurological injury. Murine models of ischemic stroke implicate the immune system as both contributor and suppressor of neuro-inflammation following brain ischemia. Using a 60-min transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model and a recall response assay, we have detected autoreactive immune responses to myelin, neuronal and glial peptides, suggesting a possible immune involvement in further brain inflammation. We previously found that repetitive hypoxic preconditioning (RHP) prior to stroke endogenously decreases infarct volumes and creates a unique, anti-inflammatory B-cell phenotype that may contribute to RHP-mediated reversal of neuropathology. Now, we show that B (RHP) cell adoptive transfer significantly reduces infarct volumes and CNS-antigen autoreactivity in CD4+ T-cells compared to PBS- or control B-cell treatments. B (RHP) cells exhibited increased production of IL10, a neuroprotective cytokine, and IFN-γ, a cytokine that potentiates the conversion of effector to regulatory T-cells that suppress neuropathological immune cells. Co-culture of B (RHP) cells with T-cells significantly converted naive CD4 T-cells to Foxp3+CD25+ regulatory CD4 T-cells. Based on these observations, we hypothesize that RHP induces a novel subset of neuroprotective B-cells as an important regulatory arm of the adaptive immune system that can be potentially harnessed for immunotherapeutic strategies.
Pediatric Hospitalist Comanagement Survey of Clinical and Billing Practices.

Surgical comanagement is an increasingly common practice in pediatric hospital medicine. Information about the structure and financing of such care is limited. The aim of the researchers for this study was to investigate pediatric hospitalist surgical comanagement models and to assess pediatric hospitalist familiarity with and patterns of billing for surgical patients. We conducted a cross-sectional cohort web-based survey of pediatric hospitalists using the American Academy of Pediatrics’ Section on Hospital Medicine listserv. In our study (N = 133), we found wide variation in our cohort in surgical patient practice management, including program structure, individual billing practices, and knowledge regarding billing practices. Even for pediatric hospitalists with comanagement service agreements between surgeons and pediatric hospitalists, there was no increased awareness or knowledge about reimbursement or billing for surgical patients. This global lack of knowledge in our small but diverse sample suggests that billing resources and training for pediatric hospitalists practicing comanagement of surgical patients are needed.
Religion and Politics, Politics and Religion: An Introduction

Religion and politics have depended on and influenced one another since the origins of what we know as Latin America. Their relation is both mutual and multifaceted; mutual because religion and politics have evolved together over the years, taking material and symbolic support from one another, and multifaceted because it embraces interinstitutional conflict and accommodation (e.g., the “church-state” relations which dominated earlier scholarship) as well as more subtle and elusive exchanges whereby religious and political orders gave legitimacy and moral authority to one another. In this process, religious notions of hierarchy, authority, and obedience reflected and reinforced the pattern of existing social and political arrangements to such an extent that the two orders often seemed indistinguishable.
Circadian Etiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The epidemic of Type 2 diabetes mellitus necessitates development of novel therapeutic and preventative strategies to attenuate expansion of this debilitating disease. Evidence links the circadian system to various aspects of diabetes pathophysiology and treatment. The aim of this review will be to outline the rationale for therapeutic targeting of the circadian system in the treatment and prevention of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and consequent metabolic comorbidities.
Reduced-Scaling Coupled-Cluster Theory for Response Properties of Large Molecules

The current state of locally correlated coupled cluster theory is reviewed, with an emphasis on recent developments applicable to response properties. The “correlation domain” selection schemes that have yielded great success for computations of ground-state energies are found to be inadequate for field-response properties, including polarizabilities, excitation energies, and transition probabilities. Alternative approaches for expanding the venerated Boughton—Pulay orbital domains are considered, including the use of the first-order orbital response via the coupled-perturbed Hartree—Fock equations. Applications of these selection schemes to frequency-dependent dipole-polarizabilities and optical rotation in chiral species demonstrate that local correlation methods have great promise for such properties for large molecules.
Low-Rank Outlier Detection

In this chapter, we present a novel low-rank outlier detection approach, which incorporates a low-rank constraint into the support vector data description (SVDD) model. Different from the traditional SVDD, our approach learns multiple hyper-spheres to fit the normal data. The low-rank constraint helps us group the complicated dataset into several clusters dynamically. We present both primal and dual solutions to solve this problem, and provide the detailed strategy of outlier detection. Moreover, the kernel-trick used in SVDD becomes unnecessary in our approach, which implies that the training time and memory space could be substantially reduced. The performance of our approach, along with other related methods, was evaluated using three image databases. Results show our approach outperforms other methods in most scenarios.
Convergence or Conflict?: Digital Identities vs. Citizenship Rights: Case Study of Unique Identification Number, Aadhaar, in India

Use of biometric information to access communication devices or information has become the new standard against identity theft and cybersecurity. Integration of financial data with biometric information is enthusiastically offered as an innovative solution in improving public service delivery and individual identity protection. Among the numerous initiatives undertaken by public and private agencies across the world, the Aadhaar, a unique identification number initiative in India, stands out. It seeks to link demographic, biometric, financial and real-time behavioral information to a 12-digit number unique to every individual in a 1.3 billion population country by the Government of India, thus, creating an end-to-end digital identity for each citizen. This integrated database benefits verification, and curbs corruption in policy service delivery. However, government ownership and control of such extensive digital information about citizens has also raised concerns about potential internal and external data breaches, and whether such level of information with the government is even essential or constitutional, opening up a technical, legal, and constitutional debate. This case study highlights the trajectory and development of the Aadhaar initiative, the security and state-citizenship rights conflicts, and the recent Supreme Court of India judgment upholding a citizens' rights of privacy and protection. The implications of this technological and judicial debate could as a precursor to policymakers and practitioners for the potential threats and conflicts that can emerge when digitization, data integration, and biometric authentication are perceived as a panacea for every governance problem.
Framing Wearing: Genre, Embodiment, and Exploring Wearable Technology in the Composition Classroom

Abstract This article provides a framework based on the bi-definitional nature of “wearing” as a means to explore how wearable technology can be taught and better understood in the composition classroom. Wearing can be defined in relation to material objects being worn, as well as the state of being mentally, physically, and emotionally exhausted. This article explains how the deployment of wearable technology in the composition classroom can benefit from the complex definition of wearing through complementary theory, specifically genre theory and embodiment, which allows us to see the dynamic nature of wearables. Additionally, this article offers a week-by-week pedagogical schedule of a unit embracing a wearing framework in the first-year composition classroom. Understanding the full nature of wearing involves paying special attention to the implications from the use of wearable technology.
Electromyography Assessment During Gait in a Robotic Exoskeleton for Acute Stroke.

Background: Robotic exoskeleton (RE) based gait training involves repetitive task-oriented movements and weight shifts to promote functional recovery. To effectively understand the neuromuscular alterations occurring due to hemiplegia as well as due to the utilization of RE in acute stroke, there is a need for electromyography (EMG) techniques that not only quantify the intensity of muscle activations but also quantify and compare activation timings in different gait training environments. Purpose: To examine the applicability of a novel EMG analysis technique, Burst Duration Similarity Index (BDSI) during a single session of inpatient gait training in RE and during traditional overground gait training for individuals with acute stroke. Methods: Surface EMG was collected bilaterally with and without the RE device for five participants with acute stroke during the normalized gait cycle to measure lower limb muscle activations. EMG outcomes included integrated EMG (iEMG) calculated from the root-mean-square profiles, and a novel measure, BDSI derived from activation timing comparisons. Results: EMG data demonstrated volitional although varied levels of muscle activations on the affected and unaffected limbs, during gait with and without the RE. During the stance phase mean iEMG of the soleus (p=0.019) and rectus femoris (RF) (p=0.017) on the affected side significantly decreased with RE, as compared to without the RE. The differences in mean BDSI scores on the affected side with RE were significantly higher than without RE for the vastus lateralis (p=0.010) and RF (p=0.019). Conclusions: A traditional amplitude analysis (iEMG) and a novel timing analysis (BDSI) techniques were presented to assess the neuromuscular adaptations resulting in lower extremities muscles during RE assisted hemiplegic gait post-acute stroke. The RE gait training environment allowed participants with hemiplegia post-acute stroke to preserve their volitional neuromuscular activations during gait iEMG and BDSI analyses showed that the neuromuscular changes occurring in the RE environment were characterized by correctly timed amplitude and temporal adaptations. As a result of these adaptations, VL and RF on the affected side closely matched the activation patterns of healthy gait. Preliminary EMG data suggests that the RE provides an effective gait training environment for in acute stroke rehabilitation.
Climate Change and Heat-Related Excess Mortality in the Eastern USA.

Climate change will increase extreme heat-related health risks. To quantify the health impacts of mid-century climate change, we assess heat-related excess mortality across the eastern USA. Health risks are estimated using the US Environmental Protection Agency’s Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program (BenMAP). Mid-century temperature estimates, downscaled using the Weather Research and Forecasting model, are compared to 2007 temperatures at 36 km and 12 km resolutions. Models indicate the average apparent and actual summer temperatures rise by 4.5° and 3.3° C, respectively. Warmer average apparent temperatures could cause 11,562 additional annual deaths (95% confidence interval, CI: 2641–20,095) due to cardiovascular stress in the population aged 65 years and above, while higher minimum temperatures could cause 8767 (95% CI: 5030–12,475) additional deaths each year. Modeled future climate data available at both coarse (36 km) and fine (12 km) resolutions predict significant human health impacts from warmer climates. The findings suggest that currently available information on future climates is sufficient to guide regional planning for the protection of public health. Higher resolution climate and demographic data are still needed to inform more targeted interventions.
Students and Student Affairs: Facing Perennial Challenges in Ever-changing Contexts

In reflecting on student affairs as an organizational entity within higher education, I am keenly aware of the impact of the environmental context on the strategic directions and responsibilities o...
Neural Activity Related to Information Security Decision Making: Effects of Who Is Rewarded and When the Reward Is Received

Breaches of information security resulting from cybercrime represents a significant threat to the security and well-being of individuals, corporations, and governments. Therefore, understanding the neurocognitive processes that lead individuals to violate information security policy represents a fundamental pursuit for NeuroIS researchers. In the current study, we examined the effects of whether an individual or a close associate benefited from a violation of information security, and the temporal delay before the benefit was received on event-related brain potentials (ERPs) related to ethical decision making. The electrophysiological data revealed modulations of the ERPs that were generally sensitive to ethical decision making, or that were specifically sensitive to the recipient or timing of the reward. The components that were sensitive to the two independent variables were observed over the anterior frontal region of the scalp, consistent with the neuroimaging literature demonstrating that several prefrontal structures participate in self-referent processing and intertemporal choice.
Endoscopic Management of Acute Biliopancreatic Disorders

Endoscopy is playing an ever-increasing role in the management of acute biliopancreatic disorders. With the management paradigm shifting away from more invasive surgical approaches, surgeons need to be aware of the treatment options available to improve patient care. Our manuscript serves to improve surgeons’ knowledge and understanding of these emerging treatment modalities to expand their algorithmic approach to biliopancreatic disorders. Specific acute biliopancreatic disorders were identified from the literature and personal practice to create a structured review of common problems experienced by a surgeon of the gastrointestinal tract. An exhaustive literature review was performed to identify and analyze endoscopic treatment modalities for these disorders. Endoscopic therapies continue to expand rapidly with a robust supportive literature. Data on endoscopic treatment strategies for acute biliopancreatic disorders demonstrate valuable improvements in outcomes in a number of these disorders. Acute biliopancreatic disorders represent one of the most challenging pathophysiologies that a surgeon of the gastrointestinal tract may face. This manuscript represents a review of available endoscopic instrumentation as well as the author’s interpretation of the current literature regarding indications and outcomes of endoscopic management for acute biliopancreatic disorders. Although this article does not supplant formal training in therapeutic endoscopy, surgeons reading this article should understand the role endoscopy plays in the management of acute biliopancreatic disorders.
Protection of Minors in Higher Education Programs: Emerging Programs, Policies, and Practices.

To the surprise of many, American colleges and universities serve more minors (i.e., children under the age of 18), than adults and traditional-age college students. Higher education institutions p...
Mechanism for γ-Globin Induction by SCF Is Via PKCα/ERK1/2/Nrf2 Dependent Signal Pathway To Regulate Down-Stream Transcriptional Regulators NF-Y and COUP-TFII.

Abstract Increased fetal hemoglobin has been identified to be associated with stress erythropoiesis. However, the mechanisms underlying γ-globin induction during the rapid expansion of erythroid progenitor cells have not been fully elucidated. Here we examined how intracellular signaling pathway modification of specific transcriptional regulators induced γ-globin expression in vitro cultured erythroid progenitor cells in the presence of erythropoietin and stem cell factor (SCF). We find that γ-globin induced by SCF is through a PKCα-dependent Ras/Raf/Erk1/2 signaling pathway involving activation of the transcription factor NF-Ya and inhibition of the repressor Coup-TFII. Specific inhibition of PKCα with Go6976 blocked both activation of Erk1/2 and p38 MAPK induced by SCF, and abrogated the SCF increased γ-globin gene expression. Activation of Erk1/2 plays a critical role in SCF modulated down-stream transcriptional regulators, involving regulation of γ-globin gene induction. SCF induced nuclear translocation of NF-Ya is required to activate Erk1/2 increased phosphorylation of endogenous Nrf2, which involves up-regulation of thioredoxin, and down-regulation of Coup-TFII. Inhibition of either PKCα or Erk1/2 prevented SCF induced recruitment of NF-Ya, RNA polymerase II and displacement of Coup-TFII repressor from γ-globin-promoter, indicating that the PKCα-Erk1/2 MAPK pathway contributes to SCF induced the γ-globin gene induction in adult erythropoiesis. Furthermore, consistent with this concept, SCF induced the γ-globin gene induction attenuated by inhibition of PKCα or Erk1/2 MAPK. Our data suggest that SCF stimulates the PKCα-Erk1/2 MAPK signaling pathway which regulate the downstream transcriptional activator NF-Ya and repressor Coup-TFII resulting in γ-globin reactivation in adult erythropoiesis. These observations provide the molecular pathways that take part in γ-globin augmentation during “stress erythropoiesis”.
Development of Antarctic Science

Abstract The investigation of Antarctica, the last continent to be discovered, began in earnest with European expeditions in the early 20th century. Their aim was to reach the South Pole before the competition. Major scientific expeditions began in the 1950s, especially during the International Geophysical Year of 1957–58, when 12 nations built research stations and carried out scientific projects. Geophysical survey transects across the continent, combined with aerial photography, began the extremely labor-intensive task of mapping the continent and estimating the thickness of ice cover. Ice thickness measurements and the identification of bedrock features beneath the ice were greatly aided by aerial radar surveys and satellite remote sensing in recent decades. The radar studies revealed the presence of hundreds of subglacial lakes, and ice-core drilling down to the ice-water interface allowed the sampling of lake waters, which were found to harbor micro-organismic life. Isotopic and trace gas studies from the thousands of layers in Antarctic ice cores have provided crucial evidence of global climate change through the last 800,000 years, encompassing 10 glacial-interglacial cycles. Life in the small ice-free regions consists almost exclusively of microbes and fungi: primitive organisms that have demonstrated remarkable adaptations to life in the most extreme environments of the planet.
Identification of polyketide biosynthetic gene clusters that harbor self-resistance target genes

Abstract Background Polyketide secondary metabolites have been a rich source of antibiotic discovery for decades. Thousands of novel polyketide synthase (PKS) gene clusters have been identified in recent years with advances in DNA sequencing. However, experimental characterization of novel and useful PKS activities remains complicated. As a result, computational tools to analyze sequence data are essential to identify and prioritize potentially novel PKS activities. Here we exploit the concept of genetically-encoded self-resistance to identify and rank biosynthetic gene clusters for their potential to encode novel antibiotics. Results To identify PKS genes that are likely to produce an antibacterial compound, we developed an automated method to identify and catalog clusters that harbor potential self-resistance genes. We manually curated a list of known self-resistance genes and searched all NCBI genome databases for homologs of these self-resistance genes in biosynthetic gene clusters. The algorithm takes into account (1) the distance of the potential self-resistance gene to a core enzyme in the biosynthetic gene cluster; (2) the presence of a duplicated housekeeping copy of the self-resistance gene; (3) the presence of close homologs of the biosynthetic gene cluster in diverse species also harboring the putative self-resistance gene; (4) evidence for coevolution of the self-resistance gene and core biosynthetic gene; and (5) self-resistance gene ubiquity. We generated a catalog of 190 unique PKS clusters whose products likely target known enzymes of antibacterial importance. We also present an expanded set of putative self-resistance genes that may be useful in identifying small molecules active against novel microbial targets. Conclusions We developed a bioinformatic approach to identify and rank biosynthetic gene clusters that likely harbor self-resistance genes and may produce compounds with antibacterial properties. We compiled a list of putative self-resistance genes for novel antibacterial targets, and of orphan PKS clusters harboring these targets. These catalogues are a resource for discovery of novel antibiotics.
Evaluation of the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance Model for Pastureland Evapotranspiration Mapping and Drought Monitoring in North Central Kentucky

The use of remotely sensed evapotranspiration (ET) for field applications in drought monitoring and assessment is gaining momentum, but meeting this need has been hampered by the absence of extensive ground-based measurement stations for ground validation across agricultural zones and natural landscapes. This is particularly crucial for regions more prone to recurring droughts with limited ground monitoring stations. A three-year (2016–2018) flux ET dataset from a pastureland in north central Kentucky was used to validate the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model at monthly and annual scales. Flux and SSEBop ET track each other in a consistent manner in response to seasonal changes. The mean bias error (MBE), root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and coefficient of determination (R2) were 5.47, 21.49 mm mon−1, 30.94%, and 0.87, respectively. The model consistently underestimated ET values during winter months and overestimated them during summer months. SSEBop’s monthly ET anomaly maps show spatial ET distribution and its accurate representation. This is particularly important in areas where detailed surface meteorological and hydrological data are limited. Overall, the model estimated monthly ET magnitude satisfactorily and captured it seasonally. The SSEBop’s functionality for remote ET estimation and anomaly detection, if properly coupled with ground measurements, can significantly enhance SSEBop’s ability to monitor drought occurrence and prevalence quickly and accurately.
Detection of Unsuspected Coronavirus Disease 2019 Cases by Computed Tomography and Retrospective Implementation of the Radiological Society of North America/Society of Thoracic Radiology/American College of Radiology Consensus Guidelines.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this article was to report the utility of computed tomography (CT) for detecting unsuspected cases of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the utility of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA)/Society of Thoracic Radiology (STR)/American College of Radiology (ACR) consensus guidelines for COVID-19 reporting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 22 patients of the 156 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction confirmed COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized between March 27, 2020 and March 31, 2020 at our quaternary care academic medical center and who underwent CT imaging within 1 week of admission were included in this retrospective study. Demographics and clinical data were extracted from the electronic medical record system. Two thoracic radiologists independently categorized each CT study on the basis of RSNA/STR/ACR consensus guidelines. Disagreement in categorization was resolved by consensus discussion with a third thoracic radiologist. RESULTS: At the time of imaging, 16 patients (73%) were suspected of COVID-19, and 6 patients (27%) were not. Common symptoms at presentation were fever (73%), cough (77%), and gastrointestinal symptoms (59%). An overall 63% of suspected COVID-19 patients exhibited shortness of breath, whereas 0 unsuspected COVID-19 patients did (P=0.02). On the basis of the RSNA consensus guidelines, 68%, 18%, 9%, and 5% of studies were categorized as "typical appearance," "indeterminate appearance," "atypical appearance," and "negative for pneumonia," respectively. There was no difference of category distribution between suspected and unsuspected COVID-19 patients (P=0.20), with "typical appearance" being the most prevalent in both (69% vs. 67%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: It is important to recognize imaging features of COVID-19 pneumonia even in unsuspected patients. Implementation of the RSNA/STR/ACR consensus guidelines may increase consistency of reporting and convey the level of suspicion for COVID-19 to other health care providers, with "typical appearance" especially warranting further attention.
Patient and physician perceptions of knee and hip osteoarthritis care: A qualitative study.

Background Knee and hip osteoarthritis (KHOA) are common, chronic conditions affecting function, morbidity and mortality. Although the societal burden is high and guidelines are available to guide management, many patients do not receive recommended care. We investigated patient and physician perspectives on barriers and facilitators to KHOA guideline-based treatment and patient experiences in living with KHOA and navigating care. Methods Thirty-minute face-to-face interviews were conducted with primary care physicians and up to 4 patients of each physician at a US academic medical center. Physicians were recruited from 1 general internal medicine clinic and 1 family medicine clinic. All of their patients diagnosed with knee or hip osteoarthritis from 2008 to 2011 and under their care during the study period (2008-2015) were mailed study recruitment materials. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Content analysis was performed using QSR NVivo. Results Six of 19 physicians (31.6%) responded to the recruitment email and completed the interview. Seventy-three patients were sent recruitment letters; 18 (24.7%) expressed interest and 11 were scheduled for and completed the interview. Many patients reported a poor understanding of osteoarthritis and available treatment options and obtained most of their information from sources other than their medical team. They expressed fear of joint pain and often modified activities to avoid all pain. Many developed complex, time intensive treatment regimens that were not always evidence-based. Physicians expressed difficulties in managing osteoarthritis given time constraints and competing agenda items at appointments. Many felt that asking patients to make lifestyle changes for weight loss and exercise was daunting and unachievable. Both physicians and patients expressed interest in obtaining osteoarthritis education. Conclusions Although evidence-based treatments for KHOA exist, our study highlights patient and physician barriers to receipt of this care. Better educational resources and new models of care to address these barriers may contribute to improved osteoarthritis management.
BOOK REVIEW: Ortiz, P. (2018). An African American and Latinx history of the United States

Abstract Paul Ortiz approaches the book from a historical perspective as he explores the relationships between Latin American, Caribbean, and American history. The author presented a kind of camaraderie and shared experiences between the oppressed people living in the United States, the Caribbean, Central, and South America.Throughout the book, he chronologically poses his arguments to explain the extraordinary journey individuals, groups, and agencies took to fight for emancipation in those places. Ortiz reveals the potential to form an international community aimed to overcome the residual effects of imperialism and colonialism.Ortiz begins by walking readers through various experiences that allowed him to claim his Latinx roots boldly. Moreover, he implores the reader to understand his use of the,sometimes, political terms "Black," "Brown," and Latinx. Certainly, Ortiz shows the potential kinships between African Americans and Latinx peoples that is worth exploring in the current social studies curriculum. Moreover, his use of "x" after the word "Latin" deliberately includes the LGBTQ+ community in this reenvisioned narrative of American history. While Ortiz uses the term Latinx throughout the book, there were no explicit narratives presented to outline LGBTQ+ contributions in the joint fight against imperialism in the Americas. While a missed opportunity, still, by entering "x" as the new terminology about Latinx thinkers, Ortiz helps to make the invisible,somewhat visible.
Proton Therapy for Pediatric Ependymoma: Mature Results From a Bicentric Study.

Purpose To report the long-term efficacy and toxicity of proton therapy for pediatric ependymoma. Methods and Materials Between 2000 and 2019, 386 children with nonmetastatic grade 2/3 intracranial ependymoma received proton therapy at 1 of 2 academic institutions. Median age at treatment was 3.8 years (range, 0.7-21.3); 56% were male. Most (72%) tumors were in the posterior fossa and classified as World Health Organization grade 3 (65%). Eighty-five percent had a gross total or near total tumor resection before radiation therapy; 30% received chemotherapy. Median radiation dose was 55.8 Gy relative biologic effectiveness (RBE) (range, 50.4-59.4). Results Median follow-up was 5.0 years (range, 0.4-16.7). The 7-year local control, progression-free survival, and overall survival rates were 77.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 71.9%-81.5%), 63.8% (95% CI, 58.0%-68.8%), and 82.2% (95% CI, 77.2%-86.3%), respectively. Subtotal resection was associated with inferior local control (59% vs 80%; P 54 GyRBE. Two patients (0.5%) died of brain stem necrosis. The second-malignancy rate was 0.8%. Conclusion Proton therapy offers disease control commensurate with modern photon therapy without unexpected toxicity. The high rate of long-term survival justifies efforts to reduce radiation exposure in this young population. Independent of radiation modality, this large series confirms extent of resection as the most important modifiable factor for survival.
The Relationships between External Integration and Plant Improvement and Innovation Capabilities: The Moderation Effect of Product Clockspeed

Product clockspeed as represented by the rate of product changes has important implications for supply chain design. The literature suggests that external integration with customers and suppliers is associated with increased improvement and innovation capabilities of the focal firm. However, the way product clockspeed affects these relationships has seldom been subjected to empirical investigation. This study investigates whether product clockspeed moderates the relationship between external integration and improvement and innovation capabilities of manufacturing plants. Analysis of survey data collected from 238 manufacturing plants indicates a positive moderation effect of product clockspeed on the relationship between customer integration and plant improvement and innovation capabilities. However, product clockspeed does not have a significant moderation effect on the relationship between supplier integration and either of the two plant capabilities. This study provides theoretical and managerial insights into aligning external integration with plant capabilities under the contingency of product clockspeed.
Care of the Breast Cancer Survivor

Breast cancer survivorship starts at the time of breast cancer diagnosis and continues through the remainder of life. Primary care providers are playing an increasingly important role in the provision of survivorship care. Ideally, oncologists provide a survivorship care plan – the record of a patient’s cancer history and recommendations for follow-up – to patients who share with their primary care providers and other healthcare providers throughout life. Key components of a breast cancer survivorship plan include (1) defining a surveillance plan of recurrence or new primary breast cancers, (2) addressing and managing late and long-term complications of treatment, (3) providing psychosocial support, and (4) counseling regarding lifestyle modifications and strategies for overall health promotion. This chapter includes an overview of survivorship care including surveillance; management of conditions such as vasomotor symptoms, sexual dysfunction, mood disorders, and bone health; and counseling strategies to encourage healthy lifestyle behaviors.
Exploring Uncertainties in Multi-Input-Multi-Output (MIMO) Testing

Multi-Input-Multi-Output (MIMO) testing enables more realistic replication of true environment in dynamic testing of structures. MIMO infers inputs from the desired responses at multiple locations on the test article of interest. Errors in the estimation of inputs include but are not limited to: output measurement errors and errors in the Transfer Function (TRF) matrix that captures the input-output relationship. A systematic study involving the measurement of acceleration, control system and system response were undertaken to investigate MIMO actuation of a fixed-end cantilever beam. The response of the beam was also modeled using closed-from equations and finite element method. Various actuation schemes were used to explore the effect of location of actuators in the context of the modal response of the beam. The MIMO input derivation was modeled using the Moore-Penrose Pseudo-Inverse of a rectangular Transfer Function matrix. The results of this study quantify the sources of uncertainty in MIMO vibration testing, specifically the errors due to equipment, sensor calibration, and actuator effects on the beam. The conclusions obtained from the cantilever beam used on this study can be extrapolated to more complex geometries.
Stable and rigorous simulation for all-way coupled multiphase flow and geomechanics in a bi-wing hydraulically fractured system: The vacuum area and dry zone

Abstract We investigate the effects of coupled multiphase flow and geomechanics in the hydraulically fractured reservoirs numerically. We account for poromechanics of flow within a discrete fracture for rigorous simulation, considering both fluid compressibility and fracture volume change. We newly propose a numerically stable sequential method for all-way coupled geomechanics and flow for the discrete fractured systems. The stabilization term is dynamic, depending on the fracture length , and the numerical results support good stability and convergence of the proposed sequential method for hydraulic fracturing simulation. From numerical experiments, we identify at the fracture tip the vacuum area where pressure is below the initial reservoir pressure as well as dry zone where gas saturation is high. The existence of vacuum area is fundamentally due to different time scales between flow and geomechanics, which can be considered as the Mandel-Cryer effect in the fractured systems. The dry zone is not necessarily identical to the vacuum area. The reservoir gas can be introduced into the fracture substantially when the reservoir is highly permeable. The vacuum area and the dry zone can be prominent in naturally or previously hydraulically fractured reservoirs. We study the system responses of the fracture propagation by varying parameters of flow and geomechanics. The hydraulic fracture propagates slowly when reservoir permeability or fracture toughness is high, when Young’s modulus is low, or when the initial total stress is higher than the initial reservoir pressure.
Amphibian development in microgravity

The results of experiments performed by the U.S. Biosatellites 1 and 2 and the Gemini VIII and XII missions and by the Soviet Salyut and Soyuz missions on the effect of gravity on the development of prefertilized amphibian egg and, in particular, of the vestibular system of amphibian embryo are described. In these experiments, the condition of microgravity was reached only after the prefertilized eggs were in the early stages of first cell division or in the blastula stage. No significant changes were observed in the morphology of the embryos or in the vestibular system of embyos developed, respectively, for 2-5 days or 20 days under conditions of microgravity. Experiments planned for future spaceflights are discussed.
Random Matching and assignment under dichotomous preferences

We consider bilateral matching problems where each person views those on the other side of the market as either acceptable or unacceptable: an acceptable mate is preferred to remaining single, and the latter to an unacceptable mate all acceptable mates are welfare-wise identical. Using randomization, many efficient and fair matching methods define strategyproof revelation mechanisms. Randomly selecting a priority ordering of the participants gives a simple example. Equalizing as much as possible the probability of getting an acceptable mate accross all participants stands out for its normative and incentives properties: the profile of probabilities is Lorenz dominant, and the revelation mechanism is groupstrategyproof for each side of the market. Our results apply to the random assignment problem as well.
Maspin: Synthesis by human cornea and regulation of in vitro stromal cell adhesion to extracellular matrix

PURPOSE. Maspin, a tumor-suppressor protein that regulates cell migration, invasion, and adhesion, is synthesized by many normal epithelial cells, but downregulated in invasive epithelial tumor cells. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cells in the normal human cornea express maspin and whether maspin affects corneal stromal cell adhesion to extracellular matrix molecules. METHODS. Maspin expression was analyzed by immunodot blot, Western blot, and RT-PCR analyses in cells obtained directly from human corneas in situ. Maspin protein and mRNA were also studied in primary and passaged cultures of corneal stromal cells using Western blot analysis, RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence microscopy. Maspin cDNA was cloned and sequenced from human corneal epithelial cells and expressed in a yeast system. The recombinant maspin was used to study attachment of cultured human corneal stromal cells to extracellular matrices. RESULTS. Maspin mRNA and micromolar amounts of the protein were found in all three layers of the human cornea in situ, including the stroma. Maspin was also detected in primary and first-passage corneal stromal cells, but its expression was downregulated in subsequent passages. Late-passage stromal cells, which did not produce maspin, responded to exogenous recombinant maspin as measured by increased cell adhesion not only to fibronectin, similar to mammary gland tumor epithelial cells, but also to type I collagen, type IV collagen, and laminin. CONCLUSIONS. The corneal stromal cell is the first nonepithelial cell type shown to synthesize maspin. Loss of maspin expression in late-passage corneal stromal cells in culture and their biological response to exogenous maspin suggests a role for maspin on the stromal cells in the cornea. Maspin may function within the cornea to regulate cell adhesion to extracellular matrix molecules and perhaps to regulate the migration of activated fibroblasts during corneal stromal wound healing. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001;42:3135‐3141)
Steroid Hormones in the Preservation of Human Blood.

Abstract : Progesterone is effective in protecting erythrocytes during storage by minimizing spontaneous lysis, changes in osmotic resistance and loss of ATP. The greatest effect is obtained by addition of progesterone plus adenine to erythrocytes suspended in phosphate buffer. Testosterone and androsterone are without effect. The use of the 'osmotic fragility index' to represent the osmotic resistance of erythrocytes is proposed. (Author)
Cooperating Rivals: The Riparian Politics of the Jordan River Basin, by J. Soslan

Follow this and additional works at: http://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/clpolsci_facpub Part of the Islamic World and Near East History Commons, Other International and Area Studies Commons, Political Science Commons, and the Water Law Commons Publisher's Statement Copyright 2010 Cambridge University Press. Available on publisher's site at http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S1537592710001994.
Growth and targeting of subplate axons and establishment of major cortical pathways [published erratum appears in J Neurosci 1993 Mar;13(3):following table of contents]

In the developing mammalian neocortex, the first postmitotic neurons form the "preplate" superficial to the neuroepithelium. The preplate is later split into a marginal zone (layer 1) and subplate by cortical plate neurons that form layers 2-6. Cortical efferent axons from layers 5 and 6 and cortical afferent axons from thalamus pass between cortex and subcortical structures through the internal capsule. Here, we identify in rats the axonal populations that establish the internal capsule, and characterize the potential role of subplate axons in the development of cortical efferent and afferent projections. The early growth of cortical efferent and afferent axons was studied using 1-1'-dioctodecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (Dil) as an anterograde and retrograde tracer in aldehyde-fixed brains of embryonic rats. Cortical axons first enter the nascent internal capsule on embryonic day (E) 14 and originate from lateral and anterior cortex; axons from posterior cortex extend rostrally but do not yet exit cortex. The labeled axons, tipped by growth cones with complex morphologies, take a pathway deep to the preplate. Preplate neurons extend these early cortical efferents, based on the developmental stage of the cortex, and on their location and morphology. Most of these cells later occupy the subplate. Cortical plate neurons extend axons into the internal capsule by E16. En route to the internal capsule, cortical plate axons take the same path as the earlier-growing preplate axons, through the intermediate zone deep to subplate. Subplate axons reach thalamus by E16; the first cortical plate axons enter thalamus about a day later. Thalamic axons enter cortex by E16, prior to other cortical afferents. On E15, both preplate and thalamic axons reach the midpoint of the internal capsule. To determine the subcortical distribution of subplate axons, we used Dil as a retrograde tracer in aldehyde-fixed brains and fast blue and rhodamine-B-isothiocyanate as in vivo retrograde markers in neonatal rats. Tracers were injected into the superior colliculus, the principal midbrain target of layer 5 neurons, at times before, during, and after the arrival of cortical axons, or into the subcortical pathway of primary layer 5 axons at two points, the cerebral peduncle caudal to the internal capsule, and the pyramidal decussation at the junction of the hindbrain and spinal cord, at times shortly after the passing of cortical axons. In every case, the labeled neurons are confined to layer 5; subplate neurons are not labeled.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The development of instrumentation having utility for exopaleontological prospecting on mars

Under development in our laboratory are miniaturized instruments for lander spacecraft suitable for exopaleontological prospecting on Mars. Miniaturized Mt~ssbauer and laser Raman spectrometers are at the focus of our research. With the Mrssbauer spectrometer we have demonstrated that iron oxides associated with bacteria found in the vicinity of submarine vents such at the East Pacific Rise, and at thermal springs in Colorado and in Yellowstone National Park, exhibit the property know as superparamagnetism. This property results from the nanophase nature of the iron oxides. Nanophase material can serve as both a potential geological biomarker and fossilizing medium provided that other characteristics occur. A mass of nanophase material could occur at an archaic thermal spring on Mars. Carbonates, in particular calcium carbonate, are also a potential fossilizing medium which is readily detected using laser Raman spectroscopy. A laser Raman spectrometer can be constructed having the size of a video cassette or smaller that functions with as little as three milliwatts of laser light. Optical fibers allow samples to be interrogated at some distance from the spectrometer by deployment to targets with robotic arms, microrobotic rovers, and even ballistic projectiles. Hydrocarbon residues can also be searched for directly or in samples processed by a technique such as capillary electrophoresis. Our philosophy is to first prospect for the kinds of mineral media having potential for being a biomarker or a fossilizing medium or for the purpose of sample selection. Once having located such a substance, other techniques such as microscopy and even sample return to Earth will be needed to determine their biological significance. The materials characterized may also help identify an environment favorable for biology, for example hydrothermal spring deposits. In addition to the previously mentioned instrumental techniques, other concepts will be discussed. This work is supported by the NASA Exobiology Program and the NASA Planetary Instrument Design and Development Program
Screening legume forages for soluble phenols, polyphenol oxidase and extract browning†

Red clover (Trifolium pratense) is a legume that will brown quickly upon harvesting. This browning of red clover has been correlated to a reduction in proteolysis and requires the presence of a polyphenol oxidase and soluble phenol substrates. A method was developed to screen forages for soluble phenols, soluble polyphenol oxidase activity and extract browning. Fourteen different legumes and 24 red clovers (22 plant introductions and two cultivars), field grown in replicated plots, were screened. Of the different legumes, only red clover had measurable soluble polyphenol oxidase activity (7.70 abs g -1 leaf) and underwent browning (0.245 abs g -1 leaf). This extract browning and polyphenol oxidase activity were present in all red clovers tested and ranged from 0.153 to 0.458 and 6.00 to 9.00 abs g -1 leaf, respectively. All of the legumes, including all red clovers, gave a positive response for soluble phenols
Super Gas Barrier of Transparent Polymer-Clay Multilayer Ultrathin Films

Flexible and transparent polymeric “superbarrier” packaging materials have become increasingly important in recent years. Layer-by-layer assembly offers a facile technique for the fabrication of layered, polymer−clay superbarrier thin films. At only 51 nm thick, these nanocomposite thin films, comprised of 12 polymer and 4 clay layers, exhibit an oxygen permeability orders of magnitude lower than EVOH and SiOx. Coupling high flexibility, transparency, and barrier protection, these films are good candidates for a variety packaging applications.