cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Targeting Antioxidant Enzyme Expression as a Therapeutic Strategy for Ischemic Stroke

During ischemic stroke, neurons and glia are subjected to damage during the acute and neuroinflammatory phases of injury. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from calcium dysregulation in neural cells and the invasion of activated immune cells are responsible for stroke-induced neurodegeneration. Scientists have failed thus far to identify antioxidant-based drugs that can enhance neural cell survival and improve recovery after stroke. However, several groups have demonstrated success in protecting against stroke by increasing expression of antioxidant enzymes in neural cells. These enzymes, which include but are not limited to enzymes in the glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase families, degrade ROS that otherwise damage cellular components such as DNA, proteins, and lipids. Several groups have identified cellular therapies including neural stem cells and human umbilical cord blood cells, which exert neuroprotective and oligoprotective effects through the release of pro-survival factors that activate PI3K/Akt signaling to upregulation of antioxidant enzymes. Other studies demonstrate that treatment with soluble factors released by these cells yield similar changes in enzyme expression after stroke. Treatment with the cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor increases the expression of peroxiredoxin IV and metallothionein III in glia and boosts expression of superoxide dismutase 3 in neurons. Through cell-specific upregulation of these enzymes, LIF and other Akt-inducing factors have the potential to protect multiple cell types against damage from ROS during the early and late phases of ischemic damage.
The regulation of tDNA transcription during the directed differentiation of stem cells.

The human genome consists of 625 tDNA copies that encode 51 distinct isoacceptor families. Recent studies demonstrated that changes in chromatin structure during cellular differentiation can alter the expression of these tDNA. However, the mechanism by which tDNA can be differentially regulated remains unclear. Here we used the directed differentiation of pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) towards the endoderm lineage as a model system to study the developmental regulation of individual tDNA. We demonstrated a significant change in the Pol III occupancy at 49 tDNA (22 reduced and 27 increased). The regulation of tDNA did not correlate with changes in TFIIIB or TFIIIC occupancy, H3K4me3, or H3K27me3 levels. However, tDNA that had an increase in Pol III binding were preferentially found within strong CTCF-COHESIN chromatin loops. The knockdown of either Ctcf or Rad21 in mouse tail tip fibroblasts had similar effects on changes in tRNA levels. We identified 7 isoacceptors that were differentially expressed during the directed differentiation of hESCs. The open reading frames of the ribosomal protein genes, which are translationally repressed during hESC differentiation, are enriched for codons that are decoded by these downregulated isoacceptors. Thus, translation efficiency during cellular differentiation may be affected by changes in tDNA regulation.
Hardware-in-the-loop and Software-in-the-loop Testing for Vehicle Power Management

Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) and software-in-the-loop (SIL) have been widely applied in the development and testing of complex hardware and software systems and components in product development among many industries, notably in the automotive and aerospace engineering. HIL and SIL can substantially lower the cost and time for delivery of a product to market. This chapter will give a description about the application of HIL and SIL for a vehicle power management case, as a guide for readers to design similar systems.
Antenna placement on complex platforms by using characteristic mode analysis and characteristic basis function technique

The paper investigates the problems of placement of antennas on complex platform to realize the desired impedance and radiation patterns using the Characteristic mode analysis (CMA) as well as the Characteristic Basis Function technique. A comparison of the two techniques is presented when they are applied to two real-world examples, namely a mobile phone and the topside of a ship.
Toward a Biblical Framework for Family Therapy

The development of family therapy has brought a major change in the way many people in the helping professions view behavioral problems. This paper presents some of the central concepts of family d...
Second harmonic generation in orientationally ordered materials

Organic crystals have been shown to possess large second- and third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities. The origin of these susceptibilities has been traced to the electronic properties of the molecules composing these crystals. Although materials exhibiting second-order nonlinear optical processes require that a material be noncentro-symmetric, this class Is not limited to crystals. Orientationally ordered materials are formed by incorporating organic molecules possessing large molecular susceptibilities into a material lacking long-range order. If a phase transition exists aboye room temperature where molecular motion Is greatly enhanced, orientational order can be Imparted to this material by applying a strong electric field. This orientational order can be frozen in by cooling the material through the phase transition with the field applied. The resulting material belongs to the point group » mm and exhibits second-order nonlinear optical properties.
Photoinductive Imaging for Bolt Hole Corner Crack Inspection

The photoinductive (PI) imaging method is a relatively new NDE technique that combines eddy current and laser-based thermal wave methods.[1,2] It provides an imaging technique with microscopic resolution using eddy current sensors. We have applied this technique to characterize corner cracks at the edge of a bolt hole.
Abstract 5614: Targeting the radiation-inducible neoantigen GRP78 as a novel strategy for non-small cell lung carcinoma treatment

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ranks among the highest cancer-related mortalities worldwide. NSCLC immunotherapy has not been successful in the past. Although lung cancer is not typically believed to be an immunogenic malignancy, more and more evidence suggests that immune responses to lung cancer may be important. The objective of this research was to address a critical barrier and develop a new paradigm in the treatment of NSCLC. Development of anticancer antibodies is limited by the scarcity of antigens that are specifically overexpressed in lung cancer, resulting in too few molecular targets and small percentages of patients who can be treated with the therapeutic antibody. We established a platform technology to develop antibodies to radiation-inducible neoantigens. Several radiation-inducible antigens have been identified by our group. Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), a multifunctional protein folding chaperone and co-receptor that is highly expressed on the surface of NSCLC, holds significant promise as a cancer-specific target. Although the potential of targeting GRP78 has been demonstrated in prostate cancer, melanoma, and breast cancer, there are limited data on the impact of targeting cell surface-associated GRP78 in NSCLC. We show that GRP78 undergoes radiation-induced translocation to the surface of NSCLC cells. We developed several GRP78-targeting monoclonal antibodies. NSCLC-specific antibody binding is achieved for several days by anti-GRP78 monoclonal antibodies after irradiation. Optical imaging and immunohistochemical staining indicated that the GRP78-specific antibodies achieve specific binding to irradiated NSCLC in mouse models. The anti-GRP78 antibodies also have a direct cytotoxic effect on NSCLC cells. The combination of anti-GRP78 antibodies and radiation showed an additive effect. Overall, this study suggests that GRP78 is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of lung cancer. We propose to harness the physiologic response of cancer to radiotherapy and evolve it for immunotherapy of lung cancer using specific targeting antibodies. Citation Format: Abhay Singh, Vaishali Kapoor, David Dadey, Dinesh Thotala, Dennis Hallahan. Targeting the radiation-inducible neoantigen GRP78 as a novel strategy for non-small cell lung carcinoma treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5614.
Utilization of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin for Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer in an Era of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Supply Shortages.

Abstract Objectives To study trends in Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) utilization for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) before and during national BCG shortages. Methods The National Cancer Database was used to identify patients with localized NMIBC. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with BCG use. Temporal trends in BCG use were studied using segmented regression analysis. Results We identified 238,279 patients with NMIBC from 2004 to 2015. Overall, 33,660 (14.1%) patients with NMIBC received intravesical BCG during the study period. Segmented regression revealed a slower rate of rise of BCG utilization following major supply interruptions in 2011 and 2012 (2004-2012: +0.62% increase per year [P Conclusions BCG utilization for NMIBC increased significantly over the study period, possibly representing increased adoption of national guidelines for BCG in NMIBC. In the years following interruptions in BCG supply, BCG use appears to have been rationed based on clinical risk, with the steepest declines in BCG use occurring in the lowest risk patients.
Priority effects within coinfected hosts can drive unexpected population‐scale patterns of parasite prevalence

Organisms are frequently coinfected by multiple parasite strains and species, and interactions between parasites within hosts are known to influence parasite prevalence and diversity, as well as epidemic timing. Importantly, interactions between coinfecting parasites can be affected by the order in which they infect hosts (i.e. within‐host priority effects). In this study, we use a single‐host, two‐pathogen, SI model with environmental transmission to explore how within‐host priority effects scale up to alter host population‐scale infection patterns. Specifically, we ask how parasite prevalence changes in the presence of different types of priority effects. We consider two scenarios without priority effects and four scenarios with priority effects where there is either an advantage or a disadvantage to being the first to infect in a coinfected host. Models without priority effects always predict negative relationships between the prevalences of both parasites. In contrast, models with priority effects can yield unimodal prevalence relationships where the prevalence of a focal parasite is minimized or maximized at intermediate prevalences of a coinfecting parasite. The mechanism behind this pattern is that as the prevalence of the coinfecting parasite increases, most infections of the focal parasite change from occurring as solo infections, to first arrival coinfections, to second arrival coinfections. The corresponding changes in parasite fitness as the focal parasite moves from one infection class to another then map to changes in focal parasite prevalence. Further, we found that even when parasites interact negatively within a host, they still can have positive prevalence relationships at the population scale. These results suggest that within‐host priority effects can change host population‐scale infection patterns in systematic (and initially counterintuitive) ways, and that taking them into account may improve disease forecasting in coinfected populations.
The Jamkhed Comprehensive Rural Health Project and the Alma-Ata Vision of Primary Health Care

The Jamkhed Comprehensive Rural Health Project (Jamkhed CRHP) was established in central India in 1970. The Jamkhed CRHP approach, developed by Rajanikant and Mabelle Arole, was instrumental in influencing the concepts and principles embedded in the 1978 Declaration of Alma-Ata. The Jamkhed CRHP pioneered provision of services close to people's homes, use of health teams (including community workers), community engagement, integration of services, and promotion of equity, all key elements of the declaration. The extraordinary contributions that the Jamkhed CRHP has made as it approaches its 50th anniversary need to be recognized as the world celebrates the 40th anniversary of the International Conference on Primary Health Care and the writing of the declaration. We describe the early influence of the Jamkhed CRHP on the declaration as well as the work at Jamkhed, its notable influence in improving the health of the people it has served and continues to serve, the remarkable contributions it has made to training people from around India and the world, and its remarkable influences on programs and policies in India and beyond.
Preemergence Herbicide Applications to Six Containerized Woody Ornamental Rootstocks do not Affect Winter Grafting Success

Abstract Five common preemergence herbicides [Scotts OH2 (oxy fluorfen and pendimethalin), Snapshot TG (trifluralin and isoxaben), Ronstar (oxadiazon), SureGuard (flumioxazin), or BroadStar (flumio...
Inferring Impulsive Hydrodynamic Loading During Hull Slamming From Water Velocity Measurements

An improved understanding of the fluid-solid interaction associated with a solid body slamming on the water surface is central to the design of naval and aeronautical structures. Of critical importance is the quantification of the hydrodynamic loading experienced by a slamming hull, in relation with its geometric and physical properties along with the conditions of the impact. This book chapter summarizes research supported by the Office of Naval Research, Solid Mechanics Program, at New York University to establish a reliable experimental methodology for the spatially-distributed, temporally-resolved inference of the hydrodynamic loading experienced by a slamming structure. Through the use of particle image velocimetry (PIV), we demonstrate the possibility to infer the hydrodynamic loading on rigid and compliant hulls that enter and exit the water surface, with varying inclination angles and different geometries.
LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION IMPROVES AFTER OFF-PUMP OR PUMP-ASSISTED CABG WITHOUT HYPOTHERMIC CIRCULATORY ARREST

Pump-assisted (PACAB) and off-pump (OPCAB) coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) without cross-clamping and hypothermic cardiac arrest are important techniques in minimal-access procedures and in patients with poor preoperative cardiac function, yet their effects on postoperative cardiac function
Synthetic alternatives to Matrigel.

Matrigel, a basement-membrane matrix extracted from Engelbreth–Holm–Swarm mouse sarcomas, has been used for more than four decades for a myriad of cell-culture applications. However, Matrigel is limited in its applicability to cellular biology, therapeutic-cell manufacturing and drug discovery, owing to its complex, ill-defined and variable composition. Variations in the mechanical and biochemical properties within a single batch of Matrigel — and between batches — have led to uncertainty in cell-culture experiments and a lack of reproducibility. Moreover, Matrigel is not conducive to physical or biochemical manipulation, making it difficult to fine-tune the matrix to promote intended cell behaviours and achieve specific biological outcomes. Recent advances in synthetic scaffolds have led to the development of xenogenic-free, chemically defined, highly tunable and reproducible alternatives. In this Review, we assess the applications of Matrigel in cell culture, regenerative medicine and organoid assembly, detailing the limitations of Matrigel and highlighting synthetic-scaffold alternatives that have shown equivalent or superior results. Additionally, we discuss the hurdles that are limiting a full transition from Matrigel to synthetic scaffolds and provide a brief perspective on the future directions of synthetic scaffolds for cell-culture applications. Matrigel is widely used for cell culture. However, its ill-defined composition, batch-to-batch variability and animal-derived nature lead to experimental uncertainty and a lack of reproducibility. In this Review, we discuss the limitations of Matrigel and highlight synthetic alternatives for stem-cell culture, regenerative medicine and organoid assembly.
Does Delivery Model Matter? The Influence of Course Delivery Model on Teacher Candidates' Self-Efficacy Beliefs towards Inclusive Practices.

A causal-comparative research design was used to examine the influence of course delivery (face-to-face flipped or asynchronous online) on participants’ self-efficacy beliefs toward teaching in an inclusive classroom. The following research questions were used to guide the study: (a) Is there a relationship between completing an introduction of exceptionalities course and participants’ self-efficacy toward teaching an inclusive classroom? (b) Is there a relationship between completing an introduction of exceptionalities course in an asynchronous online or face-to-face flipped format on participants’ self-efficacy beliefs toward teaching in an inclusive classroom? The purpose of this study was to explore if there is a relationship between self-efficacy belief development and course delivery models. The results indicated a significant difference in self-efficacy beliefs towards teaching in an inclusive classroom after completing an introduction of exceptionalities course. However, there was no significant difference in the participants’ efficacy based on the course delivery model (face-to-face flipped or asynchronous online). Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Characteristics of medical malpractice claims related to cancer in Florida.

202Background: Florida is among the states that have highest number of cases and total medical malpractice payments. The aim of the study is to examine the characteristics of cancer-related malprac...
Factors associated with EMS transport decisions for pediatric patients after motor vehicle collisions.

Prehospital non-transport events occur when emergency medicine service (EMS) providers respond to a scene, but the patient is ultimately not transported to a hospital for evaluation. The objective ...
Bipolar disorder: Treatment strategies for women of childbearing age

PURPOSE Bipolar disorder is associated with increased rates of morbidity and mortality, magnified in women of childbearing age. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the differential diagnosis and management of bipolar disorder in women of childbearing age. CONCLUSIONS Differential diagnoses for bipolar disorder include depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, trauma-related disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and personality disorders. Pharmacotherapeutic options for the treatment of bipolar disorder include lithium, anti-epileptic medications, and atypical antipsychotics. In regard to women of childbearing age, consideration of risks, benefits, and alternative therapies is needed before initiating therapy. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Caring for patients with bipolar disorder, particularly women of childbearing age, requires careful differentiation of bipolar disorder from other mental health problems, and prudent consideration of pharmacotherapeutic options.
Hydroxychloroquine use in patients with COVID-19: A brief perspective on current clinical trials

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), remains elusive and nonresponsive to medication management. As the medical community forges ahead with exploring therapies, we must understand and learn from the clinical
Towards a Lightweight, Hybrid Approach for Detecting DOM XSS Vulnerabilities with Machine Learning

Client-side cross-site scripting (DOM XSS) vulnerabilities in web applications are common, hard to identify, and difficult to prevent. Taint tracking is the most promising approach for detecting DOM XSS with high precision and recall, but is too computationally expensive for many practical uses. We investigate whether machine learning (ML) classifiers can replace or augment taint tracking when detecting DOM XSS vulnerabilities. Through a large-scale web crawl, we collect over 18 billion JavaScript functions and use taint tracking to label over 180,000 functions as potentially vulnerable. With this data, we train a deep neural network (DNN) to analyze a JavaScript function and predict if it is vulnerable to DOM XSS. We experiment with a range of hyperparameters and present a low-latency, high-recall classifier that could serve as a pre-filter to taint tracking, reducing the cost of stand-alone taint tracking by 3.43 × while detecting 94.5% of unique vulnerabilities. We argue that this combination of a DNN and taint tracking is efficient enough for a range of use cases for which taint tracking by itself is not, including in-browser run-time DOM XSS detection and analyzing large codebases.
Some Nanomaterials for Microelectronics and Photonics Packaging

This chapter addresses the state-of-art nanoscience and technologies related to the next-generation high-density microelectronics and bio-packaging applications, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for electrical/thermal devices, lead-free nanoalloys for lead-free interconnection, nano-conductive adhesives, molecular wires for electrical interconnects, low-stress and high-thermal conductive flip-chip underfills, high-k dielectric for embedded passives, bio-mimic Lotus effect with both nano- and microsurfaces for self-cleaning and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations for nanomaterial study and prediction, etc.
Mixed logit model based diagnostic analysis of bicycle-vehicle crashes at daytime and nighttime

Abstract Cycling provides an important alternative to environmental-friendly transportation modes in urban areas. However, cyclists are vulnerable road users and often suffer severe injuries once crashes occur, which has impeded the growth of bicycle uses. Identification of factors that influence injury severities of crashes involving cyclists can help policy-makers form efficient strategies to mitigate crashes. Moreover, crashes involving cyclists at daytime and nighttime are very likely to present different patterns. Hence, the objective of this study is to explore the underlying factors to injury severity in crashes involving cyclists in the daytime and nighttime separately. Mixed logit model approach is employed due to its advantage of accounting for heterogeneity in observations and four factors are found to have random effects in the mixed logit model for daytime. The differences of crash mechanisms at daytime and nighttime are discussed, and the results of this research would help to develop effective policies that aim to mitigate the injury severities of cyclists while promoting the use of bicycles.
Post-operative Chylothorax in Patients with Repaired Transposition of the Great Arteries.

Patients with dextro-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) require surgical repair as neonates. These patients are at risk for post-operative chylothorax. We sought to describe the presentation, imaging, and outcomes after intervention for patients with d-TGA with post-operative chylothorax. A retrospective chart review was performed in patients with repaired d-TGA who were referred from 1/1/2013 to 4/1/2020 for evaluation of chylothorax. Patient history, lymphatic imaging, and interventional data were collected. Impact of intervention on lymphatic drainage was evaluated with a student’s t-test. Eight patients met inclusion criteria for this study. Five patients had a history of central venous thrombus leading to thoracic duct outlet occlusion. Five patients underwent intervention, two were managed conservatively, and one was not a candidate for intervention. Chylothorax resolved in six patients. There was a significant difference in output from 7 days prior to first intervention (114 mL/kg/day) compared to 28 days following final intervention (27 mL/kg/day, p = 0.034). There were no procedural complications. Chylothorax in patients with repaired transposition of the great arteries is often amenable to intervention. Early surveillance and management of central venous thrombosis may reduce the burden of lymphatic disease in these patients.
Discovery and initial characterization of YloC, a novel endoribonuclease in Bacillus subtilis

Bacillus subtilis genome is predicted to encode numerous ribonucleases, including four 3' exoribonucleases that have been characterized to some extent. A strain containing gene knockouts of all four known 3' exoribonucleases is viable, suggesting that one or more additional RNases remain to be discovered. A protein extract from the quadruple RNase mutant strain was fractionated and RNase activity was followed, resulting in identification of an enzyme activity catalyzed by the YloC protein. YloC is an endoribonuclease and is a member of the highly conserved "YicC family" of proteins that is widespread in bacteria. YloC is a metal-dependent enzyme that catalyzes cleavage of single-stranded RNA, preferentially at U residues, and exists in an oligomeric form, most likely a hexamer. As such, YloC shares some characteristics with the SARS-CoV Nsp15 endoribonuclease. While the in vivo function of YloC in B. subtilis is yet to be determined, YloC was found to act similarly to YicC in an Escherichia coli in vivo assay that assesses decay of the small RNA, RyhB. Thus, YloC may play a role in small RNA regulation.
TURNING METCALFE ON HIS HEAD: THE MULTIPLE COSTS OF NETWORK EXCLUSION

Most studies of the digital divide and network connectivity begin by asking how many people are in a network, and what are the associated network effects. We flip the framing by focusing on the excluded instead of the included. Looking at Metcalfe’s Law, Reed’s Law, and other network “Laws,” we find that all of them provide a techno-optimistic view of increasing network value and penetration, when, in reality, the excluded face increasing costs of exclusion. In fact, our simple model shows that the costs of exclusion rise faster than the growth of the network, and are approximately exponential. In addition to such a framing, we introduce ideas of exclusion across multiple networks, which could be considered multiple layers or dimensions of a broader connectivity graph. This initiates the groundwork for further theoretical and empirical analysis on network exclusion, combined with the policy implications of increasing costs of exclusion. A summary of our findings can be articulated as: Wilson-Tongia’s “Laws” of Network Exclusion 1) Exclusion from a network is difficult to measure, quantify, and even formulate because most framings of value (whether for networks, economics, etc.) are based on participants in the system. 2) Based on an exclusion framing (instead of inclusion), as networks grow the disparity of exclusion grows roughly exponentially, for any framing of the network value such as linear, logarithmic, square, exponential, etc., (which correspond to Sarnoff’s Law, Odlyzko’s Law, Metcalfe’s Law, and Reed’s Law, etc., respectively). 3) The population excluded from a network will often resort to alternative/parallel networks or systems. Most network formulations today fail to capture such interactions (see the First Law of Exclusion). 4) The costs of exclusion are borne not only by the excluded but also by society overall. Such costs can be due to higher operational expenses, subsidies, or the need for providing services through alternative networks. These findings have large public policy implications, including for Universal Service, subsidies, and assistance programs to bring users onto particular networks and systems.
CAJAL - 91: A Biological Neural Network Simulator

As a first step toward modeling the conditioning of the eye blink reflex in rabbit cerebellum, we have developed CAJAL, a general biological neural network simulator. This paper describes the structure of CAJAL and also serves as a progress report of an initial version.
Are your rules online? four web rule essentials

Four principalWeb rule issues constitute our starting points: I1) Formal knowledge representation can act as content in its own right and/or as metadata for content. I2) Knowledge on the open Web is typically inconsistent but closed 'intranet' reasoning can exploit local consistency. I3) Scalability of reasoning calls for representation layering on top of quite inexpressive languages. I4) Rule representation should stay compatible with relevant Web standards. To address these, four corresponding essentials of Web rules have emerged: E1) Combine formal and informal knowledge in a Rule Wiki, where the formal parts can be taken as code (or as metadata) for the informal parts, and the informal parts as documentation (or as content) for the formal parts. This can be supported by tools for Controlled Natural Language: mapping a subset of, e.g., English into rules and back. E2) Represent distributed knowledge via a module construct, supporting local consistency, permitting scoped negation as failure, and reducing the search space of scoped queries. Modules are embedded into an 'Entails' element: prove whether a query is entailed by a module. E3) Develop a dual layering of assertional and terminological knowledge as well as their blends. To permit the specification of terminologies independent of assertions, the CARIN principle is adopted: a terminological predicate is not permitted in the head of a rule. E4) Differentiate the Web notion of URIs as in URLs, for access, vs. URNs, for naming. A URI can then be used: URL-like, for module import, where it is an error if dereferencing does not yield a valid knowledge document; URN-like, as an identifier, where dereferencing is not intended; or, as a name whose dereferencing can access its (partial) definition.
Storm-to-storm main phase repeatability of the local time variation of disturbed low-latitude vertical ion drifts

Penetration electric field can be very strong during magnetic storms. However, the variation of penetration electric field with local time (LT) has not been well understood. The Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite measures the plasma drift/electric field over all local times within ~100 min. In this paper, we present the first nearly simultaneous observations of the dependence of penetration electric field on local time. The meridional ion drift measured by C/NOFS during the main phase of five magnetic storms in 2012 is analyzed. The storm time ion drift shows a large enhancement around 1900 LT, a relatively small enhancement during daytime, and a deep decrease in the postmidnight sector with a peak around 0500 LT. The observed storm time variation of the meridional ion drift with local time represents the variation of the penetration electric field. The averaged ion drifts are in remarkable agreement with recent simulations.
Performance of the IBM large vocabulary continuous speech recognition system on the ARPA Wall Street Journal task

In this paper we discuss various experimental results using our continuous speech recognition system on the Wall Street Journal task. Experiments with different feature extraction methods, varying amounts and type of training data, and different vocabulary sizes are reported.
Strategic Decision Making Under Uncertainty: Innovation and New Technology Introduction during Volatile Times1

This case study outlines the strategic, marketing, and organizational issues facing the farm machinery and equipment division of Deere and Company as it tries to continue to grow. Deere Ag Division is considering the development of products in the information domain, which encompasses many opportunities, but faces uncertainties and challenges, as well. Instructors can use this case to discuss uncertainties and tools to mitigate risk. Readers must think strategically about innovation and the uncertainties associated with each innovation project. Beyond a listing of uncertainties, readers are also challenged to think about ways to mitigate risk through the use of real options, an options portfolio, and organizational structure.
Genetic diversity of HIV‐1 and transmitted drug resistance among newly diagnosed individuals with HIV infection in Hangzhou, China

HIV transmitted drug resistance (TDR) can compromise antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited countries like China where ART has been scaled up and thus leads to an important public health concern. The aim of the study was to elucidate the HIV-1 genetic characteristics and TDR in Hangzhou, China. Two-hundred eleven ART-naive, newly diagnosed individuals were enrolled during January and August 2013. Specimens were classified as recent or chronic infections using the BED capture enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA). The pol fragment covering the entire protease and the first 300 codons of the reverse transcriptase gene was amplified by RT-PCR and nested PCR. Genotypic drug resistance (DR) and phylogenetic analysis were performed on the 200 obtained sequences. Multiple genotypes were identified, including CRF01_AE (62.0%), CRF07_BC (31.0%), subtype B (2.0%), CRF08_BC (1.5%), CRF55_01B (1.0%), CRF18_cpx (0.5%), and unique recombinant forms (URFs, 2.0%). All the four URFs were found in men who have sex with men, consisting of a recombination of CRF01_AE with subtype B or CRF07_BC. The prevalence of primary DR in newly diagnosed individuals in Hangzhou was low (4.0%). The proportion of DR mutation to protease inhibitors (PIs), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) was 1.5%, 1.5%, and 1.0%, respectively. BED-CEIA revealed that 21.8% (45/211) of the specimens were associated with recent infections. The prevalence of TDR in recent infections was moderate (6.5%). High HIV diversity and relatively high prevalence of TDR in new infections has been found in Hangzhou, indicating an increasing challenge for future HIV prevention and treatment. J. Med. Virol. 87:1668–1676, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Uncertainty and Risk in Global Supply Chains

This chapter explores the uncertainties associated with today’s highly interdependent supply chains and the risks inherent their geographic dispersion and organizational fragmentation. It first lays out the sources of risk and their potential consequences to the corporations who are supply chain owners, orchestrators, or customers; workers engaged in the global production system; entrepreneurs and larger firms who comprise the supply chains; and the regions and nations whose workers and firms make up the supply chain. It then considers how these risks can be mitigated and/or assigned to various parties in line with their comparative advantage. It concludes with a discussion of which risks are likely to be relatively well managed through the self-interest of the affected parties and which require concerted action across classes of actors.
Prevalence and impact of pain among older adults in the United States: Findings from the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study

This study sought to determine the prevalence and impact of pain in a nationally representative sample of older adults in the United States. Data from the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study were analyzed. In-person interviews were conducted in 7601 adults ages ≥65 years. The response rate was 71.0% and all analyses were weighted to account for the sampling design. The overall prevalence of bothersome pain in the last month was 52.9%, afflicting 18.7 million older adults in the United States. Pain did not vary across age groups (P = 0.21), and this pattern remained unchanged when accounting for cognitive performance, dementia, proxy responses, and residential care living status. Pain prevalence was higher in women and in older adults with obesity, musculoskeletal conditions, and depressive symptoms (P < 0.001). The majority (74.9%) of older adults with pain endorsed multiple sites of pain. Several measures of physical capacity, including grip strength and lower-extremity physical performance, were associated with pain and multisite pain. For example, self-reported inability to walk 3 blocks was 72% higher in participants with than without pain (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.72 [95% confidence interval 1.56-1.90]). Participants with 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 sites of pain had gait speeds that were 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.08 meters per second slower, respectively, than older adults without pain, adjusting for disease burden and other potential confounders (P < 0.001). In summary, bothersome pain in the last month was reported by half of the older adult population of the United States in 2011 and was strongly associated with decreased physical function.
The mentoring information exchange: when do mentors seek information from their protégés?

The mentoring literature has focused largely on outcomes associated with having been mentored. This study considered informational outcomes associated with being a mentor, viewing the protege as a source of information for the mentor and vice versa. Survey data were collected across 17 organizations from 161 mentors and 140 proteges. Mentor characteristics and perceptions and characteristics of the relationship were hypothesized to be related to mentors' seeking information from their proteges. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that perceived appropriateness of mentor information seeking, perceived protege competence, vocational mentoring functions and protege influence contributed significantly to the prediction of mentor information seeking among the mentor sample; hierarchical distance, perceived appropriateness and mentor self-monitoring were significant predictors in the protege sample. Future research directions are discussed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Out-of-equilibrium CO2/HCO3- solutions and their use in characterizing a new K/HCO3 cotransporter.

IN typical physiological solutions, CO2 is in equilibrium with HCO3− and H+ (CO2 + H2O⇆HCO3− + H+). Because one cannot independently alter CO2 and HCO3− concentrations and pH, it is impossible to distinguish between the effects of CO2 and HCO3−on physiological processes. Here we describe a continuous-flow, rapid-mixing approach for generating out-of-equilibrium CO2/ HCO3− solutions with a physiological pH and CO2 (but little HCO3−), or pH and HCO3− (but little CO2). We have exploited these out-of-equilibrium solutions to introduce HCO3− exclusively to either the outside or inside of a squid giant axon, and verify the presence of a new K/HCO3 cotransporter. The out-of-equilibrium approach could be useful in a variety of applications for independently controlling CO2 and HCO3− concentrations and pH.
Internal Colonialism in Thailand: Primate City Parasitism Reconsidered

This paper contributes to the development of a more "political" comparative urban sociology by focusing on the role of intergroup power relationships in the creation and maintenance of regional/spa...
Functional Protein Microarray Technology

Functional protein microarrays are emerging as a promising new tool for large-scale and high-throughput studies. In this article, we review their applications in basic proteomics research, where various types of assays have been developed to probe binding activities to other biomolecules, such as proteins, DNA, RNA, small molecules, and glycans. We also report recent progress of using functional protein microarrays in profiling protein post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, acetylation, and nitrosylation. Finally, we discuss potential of functional protein microarrays in biomarker identification and clinical diagnostics. We strongly believe that functional protein microarrays will soon become an indispensible and invaluable tool in proteomics research and systems biology.
Evaluating Stress Levels of Parents of Children with Disabilities

Research has shown that the interactions of parents with their children with disabilities can have a profound impact on the progress that a child makes in his or her therapeutic or educational programs. For this reason, we argue that an important component of the screening and assessment process is a measure of the stress level experienced by parents. We provide an overview of the different assessment instruments currently used to evaluate stress in parents of children with disabilities, and make recommendations for further research and/or professional use of each instrument.
The definition of weight maintenance

There is currently no consensus on the definition of weight maintenance in adults. Issues to consider in setting a standard definition include expert opinion, precedents set in previous studies, public health and clinical applications, comparability across body sizes, measurement error, normal weight fluctuations and biologic relevance. To be useful, this definition should indicate an amount of change less than is clinically relevant, but more than expected from measurement error or fluctuations in fluid balance under normal conditions. It is an advantage for the definition to be graded by body size and to be easily understood by the public as well as scientists. Taking all these factors into consideration, the authors recommend that long-term weight maintenance in adults be defined as a weight change of <3% of body weight.
FORENSIC CHILD PSYCHIATRY

L'article examine les particularites et les problemes que peuvent rencontrer les psychiatres pour enfants engages dans l'expertise judiciaire
Metabolic Complications of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is a widely prevalent disorder, hallmarked by partial or total upper airway obstruction during sleep. These events fracture sleep integrity resulting in chronic partial sleep deprivation with destructive metabolic sequelae, the focus of this review.
Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy of HNC in the Region 2.6 to 3.1 μm

The HNC molecule was generated by the reaction of translationally hot H atoms with either ClCN or BrCN. The energetically rich HNC products were probed by time-resolved infrared laser absorption spectroscopy. This allowed for the spectroscopic analysis of 16 vibrational bands in the wavelength region 2.6 to 3.1 mm and the identification of 8 new bands for HNC. The dependence of Gv, Bv, and Dv was fit to appropriate polynomials in the vibrational quantum numbers and l. No bands were identified in which the bend, nu2, and CN stretch, nu3, were simultaneously excited so that the spectroscopic constants depending on the interaction between these two vibrations could not be experimentally measured. Nevertheless, the observations of this work allow for an almost complete experimental determination of the quadratic spectroscopic constants of this simple but important molecule. Copyright 1997 Academic Press. Copyright 1997Academic Press
Pulsatile flow and endothelial cell morphology in a cell culture chamber model of an artificial cardiac ventricle

Endothelialization of cardiac prostheses, as a tactic to reducing the risk of thromboembolic complications in recipients of artificial hearts, presents a non trivial challenge to both biologists and engineers. It calls for the establishment and maintenance of a durable monolayer of endothelium inside a beating ventricle, where the cells are exposed to the forces of pulsating blood flow [1]. In vivo, the integrity of the endothelial cell (EC) monolayer in the cardiovascular system is preserved via highly regulated, physiological, protective mechanisms. In vitro, however, there are no such mechanisms, and the practice of maintaining a durable endothelial surface inside a vessel of complex geometry has not yet been successfully realized
JTT-130, a novel intestine-specific inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, suppresses high fat diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Aim: Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) takes part in the mobilization and secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins from enterocytes and hepatocytes. We investigated the effects of JTT-130, a novel intestine-specific MTP inhibitor, on high fat diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a 3.1% fat diet or a 35% fat diet with or without JTT-130 as a food admixture (0.029%). Food intake, body weight, abdominal fat, hepatic triglyceride, faecal free fatty acids and plasma levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) were assessed. Plasma levels of glucose and insulin were measured during intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests. In addition, indirect calorimetry was performed on rats fed with a 35% fat diet. Results: JTT-130 treatment decreased body weights, abdominal fat and hepatic triglyceride with suppression of food intake and elevation of faecal free fatty acids and plasma GLP-1 and PYY levels in rats fed with the 35% fat diet, whereas no significant effects on these parameters except for increased faecal free fatty acids were observed in rats fed with the 3.1% fat diet. JTT-130 treatment decreased plasma levels of glucose and insulin during intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests on rats fed with the 35% fat diet, but not on rats fed with the 3.1% fat diet. JTT-130-treated rats showed increased O2 consumption and CO2 production on a 35% fat diet. Conclusions: JTT-130 suppresses high fat diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance with suppression of food intake and fat absorption and could be useful for prevention and treatment of obesity and obesity-related insulin resistance.
Soliton theory of charge-density-wave depinning

Abstract Charge-density waves formed below the Peierls transition in quasi-one-dimensional metals are pinned by impurity fluctuations. A model is described in which pinning is by self-trapped π-solitons or phase-kinks of alternating sign separated by an average spacing Ld and extending across the area of a phase-coherent domain. Depinning is by coherent quantum tunneling of electrons in the CDW condensate that adds to the CDW drift velocity in such a way as to maintain the pinning energy.
Age structure in predator-prey systems. II. Functional response and stability and the paradox of enrichment

Abstract We employ the general model of predator-prey systems incorporating age structure in the predator, developed in the previous paper, to study the role of functional response in stability and the paradox of enrichment. The destabilizing effect of age structure leads to both qualitatively and quantitatively new results, including a lower bound to prey density for a stable equilibrium, a feature not present in models without age structure.