cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Basis for a Correction for Exponential Dependence of Viscosity on Temperature for Natural Convection by an Integral Method

The Nusselt number for laminar natural convection is affected by the exponential dependence on inverse absolute temperature of the viscosity of some liquids, oil being a prime example. A common means of correcting for this effect is to multiply the correlation Nu = C Ra1/4 for constant properties by a factor (μ∞ /μw )n to obtain Nu = C Ra1/4 (μ∞ /μw )n . That there is a sound basis for the form of this corrective term is shown by employing an integral method to obtain approximate, closed-form solutions to the laminar boundary layer equations for the case of a vertical plate of specified temperature to such a liquid.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Therapeutic EUS-assisted endoscopic retrograde pancreatography after failed pancreatic duct cannulation at ERCP

Background Cannulation of the pancreatic duct (PD) during endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) can fail even in experienced hands. A technique for therapeutic EUS-assisted rendezvous ERP has been described in a few case reports. Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of therapeutic EUS-assisted ERP. Design Retrospective study. Setting Tertiary-care medical center. Patients This study involved 21 patients after failed ERP. Intervention EUS-guided transgastric pancreatography by using a mixture of contrast media and methylene blue was attempted. If that was successful, ERP was attempted by using methylene blue flow as an indicator of the PD orifice or by a rendezvous technique using a wire passed into the PD and the small bowel through the EUS needle. Main Outcome Measurements Technical success rate and complications. Results The PD was of a normal diameter in 7 patients and was dilated in 14 patients. EUS-guided pancreatography was successfully done in all patients with a dilated PD but only in 4 of 7 patients (57%) with normal-diameter PDs. In 6 patients, ERP was successfully performed by using methylene blue flow as an indicator of the PD orifice. The rendezvous technique was successful in 4 of 12 cases (33%), and reasons for failure were either a tight stricture (n = 5) or a suboptimal angle of EUS needle insertion (n = 3). Overall, EUS-assisted ERP was successful in 10 of 21 patients (48%). Complications included peripancreatic abscess in 1 patient and mild pancreatitis in 1 patient. Limitations Retrospective study, small sample size. Conclusion EUS-assisted ERP is a complex procedure that can provide access to the PD in selected cases after failed standard ERP.
Breakage functions for droplets in agitated liquid-liquid dispersions

Photographic measurements of transient drop-size distributions from stirred liquid-liquid systems of low dispersed phase fraction in a batch vessel confirm consistency with a similarity behavior from population balance established earlier by Narsimhan et al. (1980). Moreover, breakage functions are presented in generalized dimensionless form accounting for dependence on physical properties of the system and power input through stirring. This information is essential for predicting drop-size distributions in stirred liquid-liquid systems. Experimental measurements of steady-state drip-size distributions obtained from stirred, continuous flow systems with known inlet drop sizes compare very favorably with theoretical predictions based on population balance analysis using the breakage functions obtained from batch experiments.
Localization-delocalization transition in a two-dimensional quantum percolation model

We study the hopping transport of a quantum particle through randomly diluted percolation clusters in two dimensions realized both on the square and triangular lattices. We investigate the nature of localization of the particle by calculating the transmission coefficient as a function of energy ($\ensuremath{-}2lEl2$ in units of the hopping integral in the tight-binding Hamiltonian) and disorder, $q$ (probability that a given site of the lattice is not available to the particle). Our study based on finite-size scaling suggests the existence of delocalized states that depends on energy and the amount of disorder present in the system. For energies away from the band center $(E=0)$, delocalized states appear only at low disorder $(ql15%)$. The transmission near the band center is generally very small for any amount of disorder and therefore makes it difficult to locate the transition to delocalized states if any, but our study does indicate a behavior that is weaker than power-law localization. Apart from this localization-delocalization transition, we also find the existence of two different kinds of localization regimes depending on energy and the amount of disorder. For a given energy, states are exponentially localized for sufficiently high disorder. As the disorder decreases, states first show power-law localization before showing a delocalized behavior.
The manufacturer's response to stock-outs in a single manufacturer-retailer channel

Product unavailability is a common problem in supply chains with stochastic end-consumer demand and the impact of stock-outs extends beyond the short term to also affect long-term profits. Furthermore, the long-term stock-out effect for the manufacturer is not necessarily the same as the long-term stock-out effect for the retailer owing to brand substitution by the retailer in the event of a stock-out. In this paper, we incorporate the long-term stock-out effects on the manufacturer's profit in a single manufacturer-retailer distribution channel. We study the merits of the manufacturer's response to these effects via an incentives campaign targeting the consumers who experience stock-outs. Our findings show that the manufacturer reduces the wholesale price and the retailer responds by stocking a larger quantity, resulting in fewer stock-outs in the channel. Our model can serve as a building block to study the long-term stock-out effects in more complex supply chain structures.
Almost-sure stability of a class of distributed parameter systems subjected to random excitations

The stability of a class of distributed parameter systems subjected to stationary and non-stationary randomx excitations is studied. Several criteria regarding the almost-sure stabihty of the equilibrium state of the system are developed. A variational scheme for obtaining sharp stability criteria is formulated-Examples of flutter of a panel in a random wind and stability of a tall structure under a seismic load are solved to illustrate the applicability of the method.
Diasporic Stances: Comparing the Historical Geographic Antecedents of Korean and German Migration Decisions in Kazakhstan

This essay explores the historical geographic antecedents of migration decisions among Koreans and Germans in Kazakhstan as evidence of the importance of space-time approaches to socio-political phenomena. Both groups came to Central Asia under similar circumstances as ‘punished peoples’ but reacted very differently to Kazakhstan's independence. Koreans have largely opted to remain in Kazakhstan and re-imagine themselves as hybrid members of the Korean diaspora and the Kazakhstani civic nation. The majority of Germans, by contrast, have opted to migrate to Germany and abandon Kazakhstan. I argue that despite significant similarities in their historical geographic experiences within Tsarist Russia and the USSR, the unique spatio-temporal biographies of each group have configured their respective homeland conceptions differently. Contingency, rather than some a priori pattern of territorialisation, is clearly evident in each group's receptivity to migration possibilities.
HAMR Recording Limitations and Extendibility

Heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) limitations and extendibility are studied in light of the recent 1.0 Tb/in2 technology demonstration. The paper examines HAMR specific technology challenges, including switching field distributions at elevated temperature, saturation noise, and near-field transducer (NFT) thermal spot-size limits. While current HAMR recording density ( ~ 1 Tb/in2) is limited by switching field distribution and thermal spot size, ultimate HAMR density (up to 5 Tb/in2) is determined by achievable recording-layer magnetic anisotropy and grain size.
Increased Sensitivity of the Antiestrogen‐Resistant MCF‐7/LY2 Human Breast Carcinoma Cell Line to Apoptosis Induced by the Novel Microtubule Stabilizing Agent (+)‐Discodermolide

: (+)-Discodermolide is a sponge-derived natural product with the most potent microtubule stabilizing activity yet discovered. Its actions parallel that of the promising antibreast cancer agent paclitaxel despite the lack of any apparent similarities in the drugs' structures. To complement our previous studies on human breast cancer cells, we compared the effects of the two drugs against the estrogen receptor positive but tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7/LY2 line. Growth inhibition, cell, and nuclear morphological, electrophoretic, and flow cytometric analyses were performed. (+)-Discodermolide potently inhibited the growth of the cells (e.g., 48-hours IC50 of 1.5 nM) at concentrations similar to those observed with paclitaxel, and somewhat lower than the values observed previously with estrogen responsive MCF-7 cells and estrogen nonresponsive MDA-MB231 cells. (+)-Discodermolide-treated MCF-7/LY2 cells had condensed and highly fragmented nuclei, as well as micronuclei, suggesting mitotic block and the induction of apoptosis. Flow cytometric comparison of cells treated with either drug at 10 nM showed both caused accumulation into the G2/M portion of the cell cycle as well as induction of a pronounced hypodiploid cell population, with (+)-discodermolide yielding a greater effect. The timing and type of high molecular weight DNA fragmentation induced by the two agents was fully consistent with induction of apoptosis, again with (+)-discodermolide showing an advantage over paclitaxel in this regard. More extensive DNA fragmentation was noted in MCF-7/LY2 than has been observed in MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cells. These in vitro results, coupled with those obtained previously, suggest that (+)-discodermolide might have promise as a new chemotherpeutic agent against breast cancers. In addition, its novel and synthetically approachable structure make (+)-discodermolide a promising lead compound for design and discovery of new microtubule stabilizing agents as alternatives to taxoids.
Advances in the care and treatment of children with hemophilia.

Hemophilia A and B are rare bleeding disorders caused by genetic deficiencies in plasma clotting factors VIII and IX, respectively. With the availability of virus-inactivated recombinant and plasma derived coagulation factor concentrates, life expectancy for children affected with these severe chronic disorders has increased from early adolescence a century ago to essentially normal today. Over the past 10 years, rapid advances have been made in the care of children with hemophilia. These advances can be attributed to the establishment of national patient databases, translational research, derivation of evidence from specific pediatric randomized clinical trials, and translation of molecular engineering from the bench to the clinic. NATIONAL DATABASES The development of national databases has been essential to aggregating observations that provide information about the natural history of hemophilia and predictors of outcomes. Owing to the low prevalence and phenotypic heterogeneity of hemophilia, advances in knowledge from single-center studies are limited. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) first conducted a pilot 6-state surveillance study of hemophilia outcomes from 1993 to 1995, which determined reduced mortality rates (P ¼ .002) in persons receiving care from the federally funded network of specialized clinics dedicated to multidisciplinary comprehensive care of hemophilia [1]. Based on the success of this demonstration project, the CDC initiated a prospective national data collection project for hemophilia called the Universal Data Collection (UDC) Study in 1997. This database now includes up to 13 years of annual data entered on a cohort of 24,000 patients with congenital bleeding disorders, including more than 17,000 persons with hemophilia [2]. The UDC database has recently published data on the presentation of hemophilia in a cohort of
Cardiac metabolism in thiamin deficiency in rats.

Prior studies have suggested that the cardiac dysfunction of thiamin deficiency may be due partly to decreased pyruvate decarboxylation with subsequent impairment of Krebs cycle activity in the heart and decreased synthesis of ATP for cardiac work. Increased catecholamine and acetylcholine concentrations have also been described in thiamin-deficient heart and it has been suggested that they may be car- diotoxic. This study assessed directly the effect of progressive thiamin deficiency and its reversal on cardiac ATP stores and correlated these findings with pyruvate me tabolism in the heart. Cardiac catecholamines and acetylcholine were also measured, controlling for the effect of inanition and employing a specific acetylcholine assay. Rats with diet-induced thiamin deficiency developed encephalopathy and significant cardiac hypertrophy at 5 weeks. The encephalopathy reversed fully within 24 hours with 25 fig of thiamin. Cardiac ATP in thiamin-deficient rats was normal at 2 and 3 weeks but fell by 16.8 and 34.1% (P<0.01) below pair-fed control values at 4 and 5 weeks. This fall in cardiac ATP correlated well with a progressive and sub stantial decrease in pyruvate decarboxylase activity and with the accumulation of pyruvate in the heart, but not with cardiac transketolase activity. Cardiac anaerobic glycolytic rate and ATP utilization were normal in these thiamin-deficient rats. At 24 and 72 hours after thiamin administration, cardiac pyruvate decarboxylase ac tivity rose progressively and sharply, heart pyruvate fell toward normal and ATP reverted to normal. Heart transketolase, however, rose only slightly and cardiac hy pertrophy persisted. Auricular catecholamine concentration in thiamin-deficient sympto matic rats was increased by 25.7% (P < 0.03) but whole heart catecholamines and acetylcholine in these animals were similar to pair-fed control values. Inanition alone significantly raised cardiac catecholamines. These composite data indicate that: 1) Thiamin deficiency induces cardiac hypertrophy and a reversible depletion of heart ATP which correlates well with "entry" of pyruvate into the Krebs cycle, suggesting that the decreased ATP concentration observed is the result of its impaired synthesis in the thiamin-deficient heart. 2) Thiamin deficiency induces a small increase in the cardiac auricular catecholamine concentration, whereas whole heart catecholamines and acetylcholine are not altered by thiamin depletion.
Orientation in Juveniles of a Semiaquatic Turtle, Kinosternon Flavescens

Hatchling orientation has been widely studied among marine turtle species, but much less so in nonmarine turtles. Yellow mud turtles (Kinosternon flavescens) exhibit an unusual semiaquatic life history with terrestrial estivation or hibernation in summer through winter and aquatic mating and feeding in spring and early summer. Hence, these turtles migrate between wetlands and uplands at least twice each year along the same migration path. To understand the orientation methods used by juvenile turtles, hatchling and second-year mud turtles emerging from hibernation were captured before reaching the water and released in one of two circular arenas placed out of sight of and on the opposite side of the wetland. Recapture locations of these turtles along the perimeter of the arenas suggested that hatchlings probably used visual (e.g., polarized light) or perhaps olfactory cues to orient toward water. However, second-year turtles maintained the same compass bearing used prior to initial capture, suggesting that they employed an internal compass mechanism that was not overridden by proximate cues from the wetland. The probable mechanism for setting that course was likely a sun and/or a magnetic compass.
Human Mismatch Repair and G·T Mismatch Binding by hMutSαin Vitro Is Inhibited by Adriamycin, Actinomycin D, and Nogalamycin

Loss of the human DNA mismatch repair pathway confers cross-resistance to structurally unrelated anticancer drugs. Examples include cisplatin, doxorubicin (adriamycin), and specific alkylating agents. We focused on defining the molecular events that link adriamycin to mismatch repair-dependent drug resistance because adriamycin, unlike drugs that covalently modify DNA, can interact reversibly with DNA. We found that adriamycin, nogalamycin, and actinomycin D comprise a class of drugs that reversibly inhibits human mismatch repair in vitro at low micromolar concentrations. The substrate DNA was not covalently modified by adriamycin treatment in a way that prevents repair, and the inhibition was independent of the number of intercalation sites separating the mismatch and the DNA nick used to direct repair, from 10 to 808 base pairs. Over the broad concentration range tested, there was no evidence for recognition of intercalated adriamycin by MutSα as if it were an insertion mismatch. Inhibition apparently results from the ability of the intercalated drug to prevent mismatch binding, shown using a defined mobility shift assay, which occurs at drug concentrations that inhibit repair. These data suggest that adriamycin interacts with the mismatch repair pathway through a mechanism distinct from the manner by which covalent DNA lesions are processed.
Subchronic exposure to phytoestrogens alone and in combination with diethylstilbestrol - pituitary tumor induction in Fischer 344 rats.

Background: Subchronic administration of the potent pharmaceutical estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) to female Fischer 344 (F344) rats induces growth of large, hemorrhagic pituitaries that progress to tumors. Phytoestrogens (dietary plant estrogens) are hypothesized to be potential tumor inhibitors in tissues prone to estrogen-induced cancers, and have been suggested as "safer" estrogen replacements. However, it is unknown if they might themselves establish or exacerbate the growth of estrogen-responsive cancers, such as in pituitary. Methods: We implanted rats with silastic capsules containing 5 mg of four different phytoestrogens - either coumestrol, daidzein, genistein, or trans-resveratrol, in the presence or absence of DES. We examined pituitary and other organ weights, blood levels of prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH), body weights, and pituitary tissue histology. Results: Blood level measurements of the administered phytoestrogens confirmed successful exposure of the animals to high levels of these compounds. By themselves, no phytoestrogen increased pituitary weights or serum PRL levels after 10 weeks of treatment. DES, genistein, and resveratrol increased GH levels during this time. Phytoestrogens neither changed any wet organ weight (uterus, ovary, cervix, liver, and kidney) after 10 weeks of treatment, nor reversed the adverse effects of DES on pituitaries, GH and PRL levels, or body weight gain after 8 weeks of co-treatment. However, they did reverse the DES-induced weight increase on the ovary and cervix. Morphometric examination of pituitaries revealed that treatment with DES, either alone or in combination with phytoestrogens, caused gross structural changes that included decreases in tissue cell density, increases in vascularity, and multiple hemorrhagic areas. DES, especially in combination with phytoestrogens, caused the development of larger and more heterogeneous nuclear sizes in pituitary. Conclusions: High levels of phytoestrogens by themselves did not cause pituitary precancerous growth or change weights of other estrogen-sensitive organs, though when combined with DES, they counteracted the growth effects of DES on reproductive organs. In the pituitary, phytoestrogens did not reverse the effects of DES, but they did increase the sizes and size heterogeneity of nuclei. Therefore, phytoestrogens may oppose some but not all estrogenresponsive tissue abnormalities caused by DES overstimulation, and appear to exacerbate DES-induced nuclear changes.
Resonance Raman detection of carotenoid antioxidants in living human tissues

We have used resonance Raman scattering as a novel noninvasive optical technology to measure carotenoid antioxidants in living human tissues of healthy volunteers. By use of blue-green laser excitation, clearly distinguishable carotenoid Raman spectra superimposed on a fluorescence background are obtained. The Raman spectra are obtained within less than a minute, and the required laser light exposure levels are well within safety standards. Our technique can be used for rapid screening of carotenoid levels in large populations and may have applications for assessing antioxidant status and the risk for diseases related to oxidative stress.
MATRIX ALGEBRA , by Karim M. Abadir and Jan R. Magnus, Cambridge University Press, 2005

This book, Matrix Algebra, is the first volume of the Econometric Exercises series. Other volumes of the series (Statistics [vol. 2], Econometric Theory I [vol. 3], and Empirical Applications [vol. 4]) are to appear in the near future. A variety of planned titles will also follow (e.g., Time Series, Microeconometrics, and Financial Econometrics). Although there have been a few worked-exercise books in econometrics (e.g., Phillips and Wickens, 1978), this series is the first comprehensive exercise series in modern econometrics that covers the materials for advanced undergraduate and graduate econometrics courses. According to the preface, each volume follows the same format. Chapters start with a brief overview, and then exercises and solutions follow. Solutions are provided immediately after the exercise is posed. There is a variety of exercises from proofs and applications of theorems to numerical examples. In this review I discuss only the first volume in the Econometric Exercises series and find it very useful and successful. I expect succeeding volumes in the series to be of similar quality and usefulness, given the overall objectives of the series.
TRF1 is a dimer and bends telomeric DNA

TRF1 is a mammalian telomeric protein that binds to the duplex array of TTAGGG repeats at chromosome ends. TRF1 has homology to the DNA-binding domain of the Myb family of transcription factors but, unlike most Myb-related proteins, TRF1 carries one rather than multiple Myb-type DNA-binding motifs. Here we show that TRF1 binds DNA as a dimer using a large conserved domain near the N-terminus of the protein for TRF1-TRF1 interactions. Dimerization was observed both in a complex with DNA and in the yeast two-hybrid assay. TRF1 dimers were found to require both Myb repeats for the formation of a stable complex with DNA, indicating a parallel between the DNA-binding mode of TRF1 and other Myb-related proteins. TRF1 was found to have a number of biochemical similarities to Rap1p, a distantly related DNA-binding protein that functions at telomeres in yeast. Rap1p and TRF1 both require two Myb motifs for DNA binding and both factors bind along their cognate telomeric sequences without showing strong cooperative interactions between adjacent proteins. Furthermore, TRF1 was found to bend its telomeric site to an angle of -120 degrees. Since Rap1p similarly distorts telomeric DNA, we propose that DNA bending is important for the function of telomeres in yeast and mammals.
55Mn nuclear spin relaxation in the truly axial single-molecule magnet Mn12-t-butylacetate thermally-activated down to 400 mK

Abstract We report on the measurements of the spin–lattice relaxation time, T 1 , of Mn 12 O 12 (O 2 CCH 2 Bu t ) 16 (CH 3 OH) 4 · CH 3 OH, a truly axial symmetry Mn 12 single-molecule magnet (SMM), with the view to examining the role of point symmetry and lattice-solvate molecules in this Mn 12 SMM. The measurements were made over 0.390–1.8 K, on freshly prepared single crystals which afforded much higher spectral resolution than magnetically aligned powder. The measured T 1 is found to be thermally activated, and follows either a T 2 or exponential behavior over 0.390–0.7 K, in contrast to the temperature-independent behavior for Mn 12 -acetate, where Jahn–Teller isomers are thought to be the origin of the temperature-independent nuclear relaxation mechanism.
A solid-state atomic frequency standard

This paper describes a new class of frequency reference. The frequency source uses the same operating principle as a passive atomic frequency standard; however, the device is entirely solid-state, removing many cost and reliability issues associated with gas phase atomic clocks. More specifically, the "atomic resonance" is derived from zero-field magnetic resonance transitions of the vanadium ion in magnesium oxide. The characteristics of these resonances will be described in detail. The apparatus for measuring the "atomic" resonances uses a microwave resonant cavity and frequency-discriminator circuit. Using integrated circuits, the radio-frequency signal processing functions can be implemented at very low cost in a reliable manufacturing process. We discuss the system design and the measurement sensitivity. The estimated short term stability is in the range of 10/sup -8/ to 10/sup -9/ @ 1 s. Advantages of the new frequency reference may include immunity to vibration, reduced aging compared to crystal oscillators, and immediate cold start.
FEANICS: A Multi-User Facility For Conducting Solid Fuel Combustion Experiments On ISS

The Destiny Module on the International Space Station (ISS) will soon be home for the Fluids and Combustion Facility's (FCF) Combustion Integrated Rack (CIR), which is being developed at the NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio. The CIR will be the platform for future microgravity combustion experiments. A multi-user mini-facility called FEANICS (Flow Enclosure Accommodating Novel Investigations in Combustion of Solids) will also be built at NASA Glenn. This mini-facility will be the primary means for conducting solid fuel combustion experiments in the CIR on ISS. The main focus of many of these solid combustion experiments will be to conduct basic and applied scientific investigations in fire-safety to support NASA's Bioastronautics Initiative. The FEANICS project team will work in conjunction with the CIR project team to develop upgradeable and reusable hardware to meet the science requirements of current and future investigators. Currently, there are six experiments that are candidates to use the FEANICS mini-facility. This paper will describe the capabilities of this mini-facility and the type of solid combustion testing and diagnostics that can be performed.
Cationic photopolymerization of epoxynorbornane linseed oils: The effect of diluents

New epoxynorbornane linseed oils (ENLOs) were prepared as a function of the norbornene content. The cationic photopolymerization of ENLOs was investigated with real-time infrared spectroscopy and photo-differential scanning calorimetry. The effects of reactive and nonreactive diluents on the polymerization rate were also studied. The diluents reduced the viscosity of the formulations, markedly accelerated the rate of polymerization of ENLOs, and increased their final conversions. The effects of the reactive diluent were compared for ENLOs and epoxidized linseed oil. The relative reactivity of the oxiranes was not as important as the viscosity of the reacting system, and it was proposed that the cationic photopolymerization of ENLOs was controlled by diffusion.
Cord Blood Transplants: Perinatal Stem Cells in Clinical Practice

In a myeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), patients with hematologic malignancies are given high doses of chemotherapy and/or irradiation to eradicate the tumor. In the process, however, the patient’s native marrow is destroyed requiring replacement by a source of HSCs. The HSCs can either be collected from the patient prior to transplant (autologous) or from a related or unrelated donor (allogeneic). Bone marrow (BM) was the donor source for the first allogeneic HSCT performed in 1957 and is currently used in 25% of adult transplants in the United States
TWENTY YEARS OF THE BAY AREA RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM: LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT IMPACTS

Planners of the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system, the first large-scale urban rail project built in the U.S. since the early part of this century, hoped BART would encourage compact and orderly growth, and spawn a multi-centered settlement pattern. The initial BART impact study, conducted a few years following the system's 1973 opening, concluded that BART played a fairly modest, though not inconsequential, role in shaping metropolitan growth and land-use patterns. This paper summarizes findings from an update of the original BART impact study, examining BART's influences on urban development patterns 20 years after services started. In general, our findings are similar to those of the original impact study. Over the past 20 years, land-use changes associated with BART have been largely localized, limited to downtown San Francisco and Oakland and a handful of suburban stations. Elsewhere, few land-use changes have occurred, either because of neighborhood opposition or a lackluster local real estate market. While BART appears to have helped bring about a more multi-centered regional settlement pattern, such as inducing midrise office development near the Walnut Creek and Concord stations, it has done little to stem the tide of freeway-oriented suburban employment growth over the past two decades. Indeed, recent office additions near East Bay stations pale in comparison to the amount of floorspace built in non-BART freeway corridors. Near several suburban stations, the most notable change has been the addition of multi-family housing. In most instances, local redevelopment authorities helped leverage these projects by providing various financial incentives and assistance with land assemblege. Statistical analyses reveal that the availability of vacant and developable land is an important predictor of whether land-use changes occurred near stations. BART, in and of itself, has clearly not been able to induce large-scale land-use changes, though under the right circumstances, it appears to have been an important contributor. If the Bay Area is to achieve the compact, multi-centered built form that was originally envisaged, we conclude that stronger public policy initiatives will be needed to channel future regional growth to BART corridors.
Meta-Analyses and Review of Research on Pull-Out Programs in Gifted Education.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of pull-out programs in gifted education. Nine experimental studies were located that dealt with pull-out programs for gifted students...
Dynamic Response of a Hydroelectric Plant

Frequency-response tests have been made on the turbines at the Apalachia Hydroelectric Plant, of the Tennessee Valley Authority, to check the validity of previously derived mathematical expressions. These tests confirmed in general that the mathematical expressions could be used to describe the performance under all major operating conditions and for the direct design of nonlinear power system controls. Hydraulically, this is the most complicated installation east of the Rockies.
Effects of high feed intake during early gestation on sow performance and offspring growth and carcass characteristics

Abstract A total of 715 sows and their 4193 offspring were used to evaluate effects of increasing feed intake during gestation on sow performance and carcass characteristics of offspring. Two experiments were conducted in southwestern Minnesota on a commercial 3000 sow (PIC, C22 sows×line 337 boars) farrow-to-wean facility, with offspring followed through offsite nursery and finishing complexes. In Exp. 1, sows (n = 321) were allotted to one of three treatments: 1.81 kg/d of complete (145 g CP/kg, 7 g/kg lysine, 10 g P/kg, and 9 g Ca/kg) feed (control), 1.81 kg/d complete feed plus 1.81 kg/d of ground maize (added maize), or 3.63 kg/d of complete feed (extra feed) from days 30 to 50 of gestation. Sows were fed 1.81 kg/d of the same diet from breeding until day 30 and between days 50 and 100. All sows were fed 2.72 kg/d after day 100 of gestation until farrowing (day 114). Sows fed increased complete diet from days 30 to 50 of gestation had fewer (P
Input modeling using quantile statistical methods

This paper applies quantile data analysis to input modeling in simulation. We introduce the use of Q I Q plots to identify suitable distributions fitting the data and comparison distribution P-P plots to test the fit. Two examples illustrate the utility of these quantile statistical methods for input modeling. Popular distribution fitting software often give confusing results, which is usually a set of distributions differing marginally in the test statistic value. The methods discussed in this paper can be used for further analysis of the software results.
Hepatic Toxicities Associated with the Use of Preoperative Systemic Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Adenocarcinoma to the Liver

Colorectal cancer patients with isolated liver metastasis are potentially cured with surgical resection. Recent advances in systemic chemotherapy have increased the ability to convert unresectable metastatic liver lesions to resectable lesions. The cost in toxicity of these therapeutic advances is increasingly being recognized. Numerous reports have demonstrated an association between irinotecan and steatohepatitis as well as between oxaliplatin and sinusoidal dilation. In this review, we summarize the current clinical experience with these hepatic toxicities and discuss the role they play in determining postoperative morbidity. We also review emerging safety data regarding the use of bevacizumab and cetuximab. Finally, we give specific clinical examples of how multidisciplinary teams can best manage patients receiving preoperative chemotherapy for potentially resectable liver metastases.
Interactive collision detection

Collision detection and response can make a virtual-reality application seem more believable. Unfortunately, existing collision-detection algorithms are too slow for interactive use. The authors present a new algorithm that is not only fast but also interruptible, allowing an application to trade quality for more speed. The algorithm uses simple four-dimensional geometry to approximate motion, and sets of spheres to approximate three-dimensional surfaces. The algorithm allows a sample application to run five to seven times faster than it runs with existing algorithms. >
Speusippus in Iamblichus

In ch. III and in the last section of ch. IV of Isc Iamblichus had refused to identify the mathematicals with the soul. In ch. IX he insisted that the soul should be identified with all three branches of mathematics. while ch. IX is much more compatible with most of Isc and also with the Timaeus, ch. III is not completely inconsistent with some tendencies in Platonism as reported by Aristotle. While Plato, as Aristotle repeats time and again, supposed three ovaim only (sensibles, mathematicals, and ideas), some Platonists assumed more. One of the examples is Speusippus, who, according to Aristotle (Met. Z 2, 1028b21-24 ; N 3, 1090b13-19; f r. 33a; 50 Lang), not only differentiated arithmeticals from geometricals, but also presumed the soul to be a separate ovaioc. It seems that the latter is precisely what the source of Isc ch. III did (“it is better to posit the soul in another genus of ovatoc, while assuming that mathematical principles and the mathematical ovaia are nonmotive” ; p. 13, 12-15 F). Could it be that the inspiration of this chapter is ultimately the Aristotehco-Speusippean controversy? Could it even be that there are some other traces of Speusippus in Isc, in addition to what amounted to a quotation from Speusippus in Isc ch. IX (“... idea of the all-extended”) ? To decide this question let us discuss Speusippus' system as criticized by Aristotle.
The starvation hormone, fibroblast growth factor-21, extends lifespan in mice

In 1934, in a famous experiment at Cornell University, it was discovered that laboratory mice could live twice as long as expected if they were fed a low-calorie diet that included enough nutrients to avoid malnutrition. This phenomenon has since been observed in species ranging from worms to primates, but not in humans. Reducing calorie intake leads to longer lives by modifying a number of the biochemical pathways that sense nutrients, including pathways that involve insulin and various other biomolecules. Chemical and genetic methods can also increase longevity by modifying these pathways, which suggests that it might be possible to develop drugs that can increase lifespan without reducing calorie intake. Mice, humans and other creatures respond to prolonged fasting through a number of adaptive changes that include mobilizing and burning fatty acids. The liver has an important role in this response, secreting a hormone called fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) that coordinates these processes among tissues. Previous experiments on transgenic mice with high levels of this hormone have shown that it suppresses the activity of growth hormone and reduces the production of insulin-like growth factor, which prevents growth and can lead to hibernation-like behavior. Here Zhang et al. compare groups of wild-type mice and transgenic mice with high levels of FGF21. They find that the transgenic mice have a longer median survival time than wild-type mice (38 months vs 28 months), and that the transgenic female mice on average live for 4 months longer than their male counterparts. However, unlike in other examples of increased longevity, they find that decreased food intake is not required. Instead, they find that transgenic mice eat more food than wild-type mice, yet remain profoundly insulin-sensitive. The results suggest that the longer survival times are caused by a reduction in the production of insulin-like growth factor, but they also suggest that the mechanism responsible for the increased longevity is independent of the three pathways that are usually associated with such increases. Further research is needed to understand this mechanism in greater detail and could, perhaps, pave the way for the use of FGF21-based hormone therapy to extend lifespan without the need for a low-calorie diet.
Impacts of Contrasting Alfalfa Production Systems on the Drivers of Carabid Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Community Dynamics

Growing concerns about the environmental consequences of chemically based pest control strategies have precipitated a call for the development of integrated, ecologically based pest management programs. Carabid or ground beetles (Coleoptera:Carabidae) are an important group of natural enemies of common agricultural pests such as aphids, slugs, and other beetles. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most common forage crop species in the semi-arid western United States. In 2011, Montana alone produced 4.0 × 10(6 )Mg of alfalfa on 8.1 × 10(5 )ha for gross revenue in excess of US$4.3 × 10(8), making it the third largest crop by revenue. We conducted our study over the 2012 and 2013 growing seasons. Each year, our study consisted of three sites each with adjacent systems of monoculture alfalfa, alfalfa nurse cropped with hay barley, and an uncultivated refuge consisting of a variety of forbs and grasses. Carabid community structure differed and strong temporal shifts were detected during both 2012 and 2013. Multivariate fuzzy set ordination suggests that variation in canopy height among the three vegetation systems was primarily responsible for the differences observed in carabid community structure. Land managers may be able to enhance carabid species richness and total abundance by creating a heterogeneous vegetation structure, and nurse cropping in particular may be effective strategy to achieve this goal.
Terra incognita: on the practicality of user-space file systems

To speed up development and increase reliability the Microkernel approach advocated moving many OS services to user space. At that time, the main disadvantage of microkernels turned out to be their poor performance. In the last two decades, however, CPU and RAM technologies have improved significantly and researchers demonstrated that by carefully designing and implementing a microkernel its overhead can be reduced significantly. Storage devices often remain a major bottleneck in systems due to their relatively slow speed. Thus, user-space I/O services, such as file systems and block layer, might see significantly lower relative overhead than any other OS services. In this paper we examine the reality of a partial return of the microkernel architecture--but for I/O subsystems only. We observed over 100 user-space file systems have been developed in recent years. However, performance analysis and careful design of user-space file systems were disproportionately overlooked by the storage community. Through extensive benchmarks we present Linux FUSE performance for several systems and 45 workloads. We establish that in many setups, FUSE already achieves acceptable performance but further research is needed for file systems to comfortably migrate to user space.
Screwdriver or Screwed? Legal Tools for the Do-it-Yourselfer's Tool Box

The do-it-yourself (DIY) industry is a $318 billion product marketplace. By comparison that’s about the same size as the entire wedding industry, or the total revenues generated by e-tailing in the United States. Nearly 3 in 4 Americans participate in a DIY project each year and the average spending of a DIY remodel project is $4,000. However, there is no research that helps the DIY consumer understand potential legal risks in this marketplace. DIY continues to gain popularity because of widely broadcast television shows like Property Brothers, Rehab Addict, and Bathroom Crashers and social media sites like Pinterest. This marketplace is lucrative for both big box stores and the consumer; with consumers gaining intrinsic gratification and ‘sweat equity’ in their home. While the popular media and retailers focus on eye appealing outcomes and sales revenues, neither fails to address the legal obligations that affect the do-it-yourselfer. This paper is written for the complete do-it-yourselfer, which is one who does not hire any outside subcontractors to do part of the work. The purpose of this research is to provide a synopsis of the most common areas of law that apply to common household do-it-yourself projects. There is no existing research to date that suggests that the average do-it-yourselfer investigates or considers the legal implications of completing a DIY project and in fact, by definition “do-it-yourself “ is “the activity of doing or making something (as in woodworking or home repair) without professional training or assistance; broadly an activity in which one does something oneself or on one's own initiative.” Conventional wisdom suggests the average do-it-yourselfer is concerned with the project at hand and is likely unaware of the legal implications and/or risks associated with the project. This paper will seek to close this gap by addressing key areas of law that apply to DIY projects including permits & licensing, tax issues, negligence, selling a home after a project, environmental issues, and dispute resolution. We conclude by providing a DIY legal checklist to assist in mitigating and preventing these legal issues.The principles summarized here are simplified and are presented to give a basic understanding of the law. Certainly in any specific claim or legal matter a more detailed understanding of the law in the specific jurisdiction where the claim arose or whose law applies would be needed.
How people comprehend unknown system structure: conceptual primitives in systems' surface representations

The Visual spatial representation of command concepts seems to help to build up place concepts about the system's functional structure and to identify system components as objects or places. This conceptualization seems especially to help persons who are used to think this way (visualizers). This subject group has a great advantage in learning and using a software system to perform complex tasks. The icons drafted by us enable relational encoding. Those visualizers are used to build up their concepts from this functional part of memory which allows direct access to the information of how to conduct operations needed for a task. An indispensable prerequisite for this advantage, however, is that the visual spatial relations shown map the functional relations within the system. If not, this representation can create more troubles than help. Furthermore, we have to regard that in our experiment subjects had to perform mainly editing tasks which are basically more spatial organization tasks. For tasks with highly abstract event chains which cannot be mapped onto spatial relations it could be indicated to enable propositional encoding. This means to use natural language concepts because they imply the most elaborated strategies for serial recall. Further research is needed.
Fractional differentiation on the group of integers of ap-adic orp-series field

В 1973 г. П. Л. Бутцер и X. И. Вагн ер для функций, опреде ленных на диадической групп е, ввели понятие произв одной, как в поточечно м, так и в сильном смысле. Они ус тановили, что эта производная обла дает многими свойств ами, подобными свойствам обычной производной функций, определенны х на круговой группе. В настоящей работе определение, д анное Бутцером и Вагнером, р асширяется и несколь ко модифицируется, так ч то оно становится применимым для функц ий, определенных на гр уппе G целых р-адических чисел или формальных рядов характеристик и р. Кроме того, новое о пределение охватывает случай ди фференцирования положительного дроб ного порядка. В работе изучен ряд основных свойств эти х дробных производных, в частности следующи е. 1) Производная характе ра группыG кратна характеру. 2) Существуе т такой оператор анти-дифференцирова ния положительного д робного порядка, что справедл ива основная теорема интегрального исчис ления. 3) Для операторов, определяющих дробну ю производную, имеет м есто теорема насыщения. 4) Ус тановлена характеристика тех ф ункций изC(G) илиLr(G), l≦r<∞, д ля которых поточечная и сильная производная совпада ют почти всюду.
Triggered seismicity and deformation between the Landers, California, and Little Skull Mountain, Nevada, earthquakes

This article presents evidence for the channeling of strain energy released by the Ms = 7.4 Landers, California, earthquake within the eastern California shear zone (ECSZ). We document an increase in seismicity levels during the 22-hr period starting with the Landers earthquake and culminating 22 hr later with the Ms = 5.4 Little Skull Mountain (LSM), Nevada, earthquake. We evaluate the completeness of regional seismicity catalogs during this period and find that the continuity of post-Landers strain release within the ECSZ is even more pronounced than is evident from the catalog data. We hypothesize that regional-scale connectivity of faults within the ECSZ and LSM region is a critical ingredient in the unprecedented scale and distribution of remotely triggered earthquakes and geodetically manifest strain changes that followed the Landers earthquake. The viability of static strain changes as triggering agents is tested using numerical models. Modeling results illustrate that regional-scale fault connectivity can increase the static strain changes by approximately an order of magnitude at distances of at least 280 km, the distance between the Landers and LSM epicenters. This is possible for models that include both a network of connected faults that slip “sympathetically” and realistic levels of tectonic prestrain. Alternatively, if dynamic strains are a more significant triggering agent than static strains, ECSZ structure may still be important in determining the distribution of triggered seismic and aseismic deformation.