cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessing short-range membrane–colloid interactions using surface energetics

The contribution of acid–base (AB) (polar) interactions to the total interaction energy between membranes and colloids was investigated. The surface energetics of several membranes and colloids were evaluated using the Lifshitz–van der Waals acid-base approach. This provides the van der Waals (LW) and polar interaction energies between various surfaces from measurements of contact angles of different probe liquids on these surfaces. In addition, the surface potentials of the membranes and colloids were determined using electrokinetic measurements, yielding the electrostatic (EL) interaction between these surfaces. The three interaction energy components (LW, EL, and AB) were combined according to the extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (extended DLVO or XDLVO) approach to evaluate membrane–colloid interaction energies. Predictions of interaction energy based on the XDLVO approach were compared to the corresponding predictions from the classical DLVO theory. For all the membrane–colloid combinations studied, the DLVO potentials were quite similar. However, inclusion of AB interactions resulted in a substantially different (qualitative and quantitative) prediction of short-range (separation distances <5 nm) interaction energies for several of the membrane–colloid combinations investigated. Finally, all of the membranes studied were found to have substantially low surface energies compared to the colloids and the interaction energy between the membranes and colloids was primarily dictated by the surface energies of the colloids. Fouling experiments for a membrane and three colloids supported the fouling trends predicted by the XDLVO approach. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Dynamic Changes in Nucleosome Occupancy Are Not Predictive of Gene Expression Dynamics but Are Linked to Transcription and Chromatin Regulators

The response to stressful stimuli requires rapid, precise, and dynamic gene expression changes that must be coordinated across the genome. To gain insight into the temporal ordering of genome reorganization, we investigated dynamic relationships between changing nucleosome occupancy, transcription factor binding, and gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast responding to oxidative stress. We applied deep sequencing to nucleosomal DNA at six time points before and after hydrogen peroxide treatment and revealed many distinct dynamic patterns of nucleosome gain and loss. The timing of nucleosome repositioning was not predictive of the dynamics of downstream gene expression change but instead was linked to nucleosome position relative to transcription start sites and specific cis-regulatory elements. We measured genome-wide binding of the stress-activated transcription factor Msn2p over time and found that Msn2p binds different loci with different dynamics. Nucleosome eviction from Msn2p binding sites was common across the genome; however, we show that, contrary to expectation, nucleosome loss occurred after Msn2p binding and in fact required Msn2p. This negates the prevailing model that nucleosomes obscuring Msn2p sites regulate DNA access and must be lost before Msn2p can bind DNA. Together, these results highlight the complexities of stress-dependent chromatin changes and their effects on gene expression.
A prospective, blinded determination of the natural history of aspirin resistance among stable patients with cardiovascular disease.

Abstract Objectives This study was designed to determine if aspirin resistance is associated with clinical events. Background Aspirin resistance, defined by platelet function testing and presumed clinical unresponsiveness to aspirin, has been previously reported by our group and others. However, little information exists linking the laboratory documentation of aspirin resistance and long-term clinical events. Methods We prospectively enrolled 326 stable cardiovascular patients from 1997 to 1999 on aspirin (325 mg/day for ≥7 days) and no other antiplatelet agents. We tested for aspirin sensitivity by optical platelet aggregation using adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and arachidonic acid (AA). The primary outcome was the composite of death, myocardial infarction (MI), or cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Mean follow-up was 679 ± 185 days. Aspirin resistance was defined as a mean aggregation of ≥70% with 10 μM ADP and ≥20% with 0.5 mg/ml AA. Results Of the patients studied, 17 (5.2%) were aspirin resistant and 309 (94.8%) were not aspirin resistant. During follow-up, aspirin resistance was associated with an increased risk of death, MI, or CVA compared with patients who were aspirin sensitive (24% vs. 10%, hazard ratio [HR] 3.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10 to 8.90, p = 0.03). Stratified multivariate analyses identified platelet count, age, heart failure, and aspirin resistance to be independently associated with major adverse long-term outcomes (HR for aspirin resistance 4.14, 95% CI 1.42 to 12.06, p = 0.009). Conclusions This study demonstrates the natural history of aspirin resistance in a stable population, documenting a greater than threefold increase in the risk of major adverse events associated with aspirin resistance.
NATO internetworking: OSI or TCP/IP

The focus of this paper is on North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) standards with emphasis on transport and network layer standards. It addresses both the work in NATO standards bodies as well as implementations in testbeds and prototype systems. Although primarily oriented on NATO activities, it also describes the use of transport and network layer standards in the European commercial environment. The standards activities in NATO and the European Community, and the implementation of actual systems are discussed. The main conclusion is that TCP/IP will continue to be the dominant transport and network layer protocols used in Europe (and the rest of the world) for LAN/WAN internetworking. >
“No House Building without Garden Building!” (“Kein Hausbau Ohne Landbau!”): The Modern Landscapes of Leberecht Migge

Abstract All too often when one brings up the subject of modern architecture between the wars, the relationship to the landscape is assumed to be irrelevant, or worse, even antithetical, to modernist concepts. Two images by Ludwig Hilbersheimer of his ideal modern city are often misrepresented as symbols of the inability of modern architects to deal with the landscape in a humane manner. Not only are such images taken out of their original conceptual context, in fact “landscape” as variously defined played a crucial role in competing versions of modernity. One set of responses to the problem of the modern landscape has been introduced to contemporary readers by Dorothee Imbert in her book, The Modernist Garden in France (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1993). She discusses works by French designers between the wars, ranging from the jewel-like garden compositions of Gabriel Gueverkian to the more abstract minimal landscapes of Le Corbusier. Judging from Imbert's survey of the French scene, th...
Minor Sedimentary Structures in a Prograding Distributary: ABSTRACT

Minor sedimentary structures were studied in cores taken at the mouth of a small prograding distributary within the Mississippi River delta. The mouth of Johnson's Pass in Garden Island Bay was mapped and the following environments were recognized: subaerial and subaqueous natural levee, channel, distributary mouth bar, interdistributary bay, and marsh. Oriented, undisturbed cores were taken from each environment. These cores were split, dried, and photographed and the types of minor sedimentary structures within each environment were tabulated. Natural levee deposits contained abundant current ripple bedding, unidirectional cross-laminations, parallel and wavy laminations, distorted layers and burrowed oxidized silty sands, whereas channel fill deposits consisted of alte nating beds of clay and silt containing trough cross-laminations, scour and fill structures, and distorted layers. The distributary mouth bar, composed predominantly of silt and sand, is characterized by a variety of small-scale multi-directional cross-laminations and air-heave structures. Three types of interdistributary bay deposits were recognized; highly burrowed interbedded silt and clay, homogeneous clay with scattered brackish-water fauna, and a predominantly clay section with thin parallel and lenticular laminations and ripple marks. The structures within these three types are a reflection of availability of coarse detritus. Marsh deposits are characterized by the abundance of peat, carbonaceous clays, calcareous nodules, and root disturbances. Each environment is characterized by a distinct assemblage of structures. These assemblages can be used to interpret paleoenvironments in ancient sedimentary rocks. End_of_Article - Last_Page 353------------
Stress Predicts Brain Changes in Children: A Pilot Longitudinal Study on Youth Stress, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and the Hippocampus

Objective Does stress damage the brain? Studies of adults with posttraumatic stress disorder have demonstrated smaller hippocampal volumes when compared with the volumes of adults with no posttraumatic stress disorder. Studies of children with posttraumatic stress disorder have not replicated the smaller hippocampal findings in adults, which suggests that smaller hippocampal volume may be caused by neurodevelopmental experiences with stress. Animal research has demonstrated that the glucocorticoids secreted during stress can be neurotoxic to the hippocampus, but this has not been empirically demonstrated in human samples. We hypothesized that cortisol volumes would predict hippocampal volume reduction in patients with posttraumatic symptoms. Patients and methods We report data from a pilot longitudinal study of children (n = 15) with history of maltreatment who underwent clinical evaluation for posttraumatic stress disorder, cortisol, and neuroimaging. Results Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and cortisol at baseline predicted hippocampal reduction over an ensuing 12- to 18-month interval. Conclusions Results from this pilot study suggest that stress is associated with hippocampal reduction in children with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and provide preliminary human evidence that stress may indeed damage the hippocampus. Additional studies seem to be warranted.
Prediction Methods in Solar Sunspots Cycles

An understanding of the Ohl’s Precursor Method, which is used to predict the upcoming sunspots activity, is presented by employing a simplified movable divided-blocks diagram. Using a new approach, the total number of sunspots in a solar cycle and the maximum averaged monthly sunspots number Rz(max) are both shown to be statistically related to the geomagnetic activity index in the prior solar cycle. The correlation factors are significant and they are respectively found to be 0.91 ± 0.13 and 0.85 ± 0.17. The projected result is consistent with the current observation of solar cycle 24 which appears to have attained at least Rz(max) at 78.7 ± 11.7 in March 2014. Moreover, in a statistical study of the time-delayed solar events, the average time between the peak in the monthly geomagnetic index and the peak in the monthly sunspots numbers in the succeeding ascending phase of the sunspot activity is found to be 57.6 ± 3.1 months. The statistically determined time-delayed interval confirms earlier observational results by others that the Sun’s electromagnetic dipole is moving toward the Sun’s Equator during a solar cycle.
Control variate methods for performance evaluation of heuristic inventory control policies

Development of heuristic policies is a common solution approach for stochastic inventory control problems that are computationally intractable. In the inventory control literature, Monte Carlo simulation has been widely used to measure the performance of heuristic policies. In this paper, we propose control variate methods for the estimation of heuristic inventory control policies. Our methods construct control variates using the optimal control policies of relaxed optimization problems. We apply the methods to two inventory control problems. Numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods.
Long-Term Prognosis of Mitral-Valve Prolapse

We examined the natural history of mitral-valve prolapse in 53 patients who had had a midsystolic click or late systolic murmur (or both) documented phonocardiographically a mean of 13.7 years earlier. Thirty-eight patients were alive without serious complications, and seven had died of unrelated causes. In two patients prolapse was implicated in the cause of death. Other complications were ventricular fibrillation in one patient and bacterial endocarditis in three. Progressive mitral regurgitation developed in five patients, requiring valve replacement in two. These complications occurred in a total of eight patients (15 per cent), and were significantly (P = 0.15) associated with a late systolic murmur rather than an isolated midsystolic click. Thus it appears that the diagnosis of mitral-valve prolapse should not be regarded as ominous; however, patients in whom this diagnosis is associated with a late systolic murmur should be followed carefully.
Prony series spectra of structural relaxation in N-BK7 for finite element modeling.

Structural relaxation behavior of N-BK7 glass was characterized at temperatures 20 °C above and below T12 for this glass, using a thermo mechanical analyzer (TMA). T12 is a characteristic temperatu...
Physical Discipline and Verbal Punishment: An Assessment of Domain and Gender-Specific Effects on Delinquency among Chinese Adolescents.

This study assesses the effects of physical and verbal discipline on delinquency among Chinese adolescents and whether parent–adolescent influences are domain and gender-specific. Data drawn from m...
Individual dose monitoring results of some radiation workers in Jiangsu Province in 2010

[Objective]To understand the individual dose level of external exposure to radiation and distribution of 3 273 radiation workers from Jiangsu Province control units in 2010.[Methods]Taking 3 273 radiation workers' individual dose level of external exposure to radiation in 2010 as study object,according to requirement of "Occupational Monitoring Norms of Individual Dose Level of External Exposure",thermoluminescence was adopted to monitor external exposure dose equivalent Hp(10) of radiation workers.[Results] The annual effective dose of 3 273 radiation workers was lower than 5 mSv,and 95% workers' effective dose was lower than 1 mSv,.The annual effective dose of radiation workers was 0.243 mSv.[Conclusion]Radiological protection conditions for radiation workers is good in Jiangsu Province.The protection of medical radiation workers is more worthy of attention.
Delayed recurrence of reflux after initial success of antireflux operation.

AbstractDelayed recurrence of reflux was discovered in 4 children among 103 who were followed at least 5 years after ureteral reimplantation for treatment of vesicoureteral reflux. In each of the 103 children initial success in correction of reflux was proved by 2 cystographic series performed 3 months apart after the initial ureteral reimplantation. Reoperation was successful in correction of the recurrent reflux in 2 children failed in 1 and has not been attempted in 1. Prolonged postoperative followup (to at least 5 years) is recommended after ureteral reimplantation for treatment of vesicoureteral reflux.
I'll have a Turkey and cheese sandwich

The role of gut bacteria in normal host physiology is being increasingly recognized. Two recent reports highlight the importance of bacterial metabolism of tryptophan in the diet for suppressing inflammation. Tryptophan is an essential amino acid found in foods such as turkey and cheese and is a
Fabrication and characterization of Ba1−xSr1−xTiO3 tunable thin film capacitors

Abstract Polycrystalline Ba 1− x Sr x TiC 3 ( x = 0.9) thin films have been successfully prepared from sintered stoichiometric ceramic targets by means of the 90 °C off-axis r.f. sputtering technique at substrate temperatures from 500 to 600 °C. Films grown on lanthanum aluminate(100) at 550 °C are predominantly c -axis oriented. Those deposited on sapphire(⊼1102) did not reveal any preferred growth orientation. Dielectric measurements were performed using planar capacitor geometries. The dielectric constant of these films showed a broad ferroelectric-to-paraelectric transition at 50 to 70 K, depending on the thickness of the films. The dielectric constant of these films also showed a small electric field dependence, changing by 5% at 77 K and at a field strength of 20kVcm −1 . The results are compared with those obtained from bulk samples, and are interpreted in the framework of phenomenological theory.
Varieties of pleasure, varieties of desire

Because the Epicureans proclaim that pleasure is the highest good, they have often been tarred with the same brush that tars all hedonists: that they are unscrupulous, unbridled sensualists, busy stuffing themselves with dainties from the local Epicurean shop before engaging in lascivious dances and disgusting orgies. The Epicureans rightly protest that this involves a gross misunderstanding of their philosophy. Instead, mental pleasures are greater than physical pleasures, and lack of pain is itself a kind of pleasure. Indeed, the highest sort of pleasure is tranquillity, freedom from fear and anxiety. So they recommend paring down one's desires to only the natural and necessary ones, which are easy to satisfy, and thereby gaining self-sufficiency and the confidence regarding the future that accompanies it. Varieties of pleasure The first distinction Epicurus makes is between mental and bodily pleasures and pains. In some sense, of course, all pleasures and pains are mental, in so far as one has to have a mind in order to experience them, and one experiences them primarily with one's mind (although the Epicureans insist that the body too has a share in sensation). Likewise, in some sense all pleasures and pains are bodily, in so far as animals and their minds are corporeal, and pleasures and pains are (in this sense) corporeal states. Still, there are some pleasures and pains that are bodily in a commonsensical way.
Impact of performance status (PS) on oncologists' decision to administer chemotherapy (CTX) and overall survival (OS).

e17580 Background: PS is a well-known prognostic marker for patients with malignancy (M). Patients with poor PS (ECOG PS ≥2) are not included in clinical trials. It is unclear whether this subset g...
Investigation of activity, stability, and degradation mechanism of surface-supported Pd-PEPPSI complexes for Suzuki-Miyaura coupling

Abstract Secure surface-molecule linkages are critical to designing recyclable surface-supported molecular catalysts. A series of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-functionalized Pd-PEPPSI complexes are tethered using different linker chemistries to polymer and silica supports and examined for their reactivity in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. Attachment chemistries investigated include tetrazine-norbornene cycloaddition click chemistry onto a polystyrene bead, incorporation via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) into a poly(norbornene) polymer, and immobilization onto silica gel via silyl ether linkage. Palladium black formation suggests that the catalysts become detached from the support, and soluble palladium particles are the catalytically active species. These results help probe the manner in which the pyridine ligand of the PEPPSI complex helps to stabilize the catalysts and ultimately, how the catalysts fail. Further, we highlight the interplay between catalyst stability, recyclability, and reliable surface linkages.
Educators’ beliefs about appropriate pedagogical models for Spanish-speaking ELLs who differ in home-language and English-language literacy abilities in the United States

Survey research (n = 366) examined educators’ beliefs about the efficacy of five pedagogical models (English as a second language (ESL) self-contained, ESL push-in, ESL pullout, bilingual, and dual...
Adenosine Receptor Blockade Augments Interstitial Excitatory Amino Acids During Cerebral Ischemia

The role of excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters in the genesis of ischemic neuronal damage is of current interest. As shown by microdialysis techniques, interstitial fluid (ISF) levels of the excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters glutamate and aspartate are markedly elevated during cerebral ischemia (Benveniste et al., 1984; Hagberg et al., 1985; Hillered et al., 1989; Shimada et al., 1990). This data, in conjunction with extensive documentation of the toxic effects of glutamate on neurons in vitro (Rothman and Olney, 1986), has led to the theory that the ischemiainduced elevation of ISF excitatory amino acids overstimulate post-synaptic glutamate receptors, leading to a cascade of cellular events which ultimately cause cell death.
Effects of two-photon absorption on all optical logic operation based on quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers

We investigate all-optical logic operation in quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier (QD-SOA) based Mach–Zehnder interferometer considering the effects of two-photon absorption (TPA). TPA occu...
Impacts of Early Childhood Education on Medium- and Long-Term Educational Outcomes.

Despite calls to expand early childhood education (ECE) in the United States, questions remain regarding its medium- and long-term impacts on educational outcomes. We use meta-analysis of 22 high-quality experimental and quasi-experimental studies conducted between 1960 and 2016 to find that on average, participation in ECE leads to statistically significant reductions in special education placement (d = 0.33 SD, 8.1 percentage points) and grade retention (d = 0.26 SD, 8.3 percentage points) and increases in high school graduation rates (d = 0.24 SD, 11.4 percentage points). These results support ECE’s utility for reducing education-related expenditures and promoting child well-being.
Multiscale structural analysis of textile composites using mechanics of structure genome

Abstract Mechanics of structure genome (MSG) is used to develop an approach for multiscale structural analysis of textile structures. First, MSG is used to predict the properties of yarns having realistic geometry. Then, beam and plate stiffness matrices are predicted based on the yarn and matrix properties using MSG. These beam and plate stiffness matrices are used to perform structural analysis of textile beams and plates. The computed global responses are used to conduct dehomogenization to obtain local stress fields. The MSG-based global displacement and local stress fields are compared with those predicted by direct numerical simulation (DNS) to compare accuracy and computational efficiency. An excellent agreement was observed for both global displacement and local stress field results, while the computational cost and modeling effort of MSG-based analysis are significantly lower than those of DNS.
ON THE RELATION BETWEEN MOLECULAR PROPERTIES OF POLYMER MATERIALS AND CONTINUUM THEORIES OF FLUIDS WITH STRUCTURE

Abstract Some ideas drawn from structured continuum theories are associated with results of various molecular descriptions of polymer solutions and melts. By combining both molecular and continuum viewpoints the value of each as a tool for describing rheological behavior is enhanced. Several examples are discussed.
Climate discourse: eluding literacy, justice & inclusion, by evading causation, privilege & diversity

This paper examines climate change discourse in Southeast Florida through the lenses of intersectionality and environmental and climate justice. Specifically, we highlight two less pronounced justi...
Compensating Tipped Work: Security Cameras as a Tool for Time Use Measurement:

While tipped labor is common in the United States, it presents potential issues for employers unable to demonstrate how tipped workers use their time, thus violating the Fair Labor Standards Act an...
Predictors and timing of amputations in military lower extremity trauma with arterial injury

INTRODUCTIONMilitary lower extremity arterial injuries present threats to life and limb. These injuries are common and limb salvage is a trauma system priority. Understanding the timing and predictors of amputation through the phases of casualty evacuation can help inform future limb salvage efforts
New York City Panel on Climate Change 2019 Report Chapter 1: Introduction.

While urban areas like New York City and its surrounding metropolitan region are key drivers of climate change through emissions of greenhouse gases, cities are also significantly impacted by climate shifts, both chronic changes and extreme events. These are already affecting the New York metropolitan region, including the five boroughs of New York City through higher temperatures, more intense precipitation, and higher sea levels, and will increasingly do so in the coming decades. The City of New York has embarked on a flexible adaptation pathway (i.e., strategies that can evolve through time as climate risk assessment, evaluation of adaptation strategies, and monitoring continues) to respond to climate change challenges. This entails significant programs to develop resilience in communities and critical infrastructure to observed and projected changes in temperature, precipitation, and sea level. The first NPCC Report laid out the risk management framing for the city and region via flexible adaptation pathways. The second New York City Panel on Climate Change Report (NPCC2) developed the “climate projections of record” that are currently being used by the City of New York in its resilience programs . The NPCC3 2019 Report co-generates new tools and methods for the next generation of climate risk assessments and implementation of region-wide resilience. Co-generation is an interactive process by which stakeholders and scientists work together to produce climate change information that is targeted to decision-making needs. These tools and methods can be used to observe, project, and map climate extremes; monitor risks and responses; and engage with communities to develop effective programs. They are especially important at “transformation points” in the adaptation process when large changes in the structure and function of physical, ecological, and social systems of the city and region are undertaken.
Peripheral lymph node helper T-cell recovery after syngeneic bone marrow transplantation in mice prepared with either gamma-irradiation or busulfan

The optimum marrow ablative regimen for preparing recipients of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has not been established. gamma- Irradiation, but not busulfan, produces a characteristic microvascular injury pattern which results in depressed capacity of normal lymphocytes to localize into the lymph nodes of syngeneic murine BMT recipients. Since peripheral lymph nodes are important sites for initiation and amplification of immune responses, the preparative regimen might delay recovery of regionally compartmentalized immune functions after BMT. We evaluated the effects of busulfan and gamma- irradiation on the phenotypic and functional reconstitution of helper T- cell function within the peripheral lymph nodes of BMT recipients. Both marrow ablative regimens caused a protracted delay in regeneration of peripheral lymph node CD4+ T cells. Specific helper T-cell functions, such as contact hypersensitivity and alloantigen responses, remained significantly depressed in the lymph nodes of irradiated mice for prolonged periods (up to 60 weeks). These responses recovered more rapidly in busulfan-treated BMT recipients. In contrast, the capacity of peripheral lymph node T cells to provide “help” for antigen-specific immunoglobulin production was only transiently depressed by either preparative regimen. Our experiments confirm the hypothesis that the marrow ablative regimen, particularly gamma-irradiation, may contribute to the period of immunodeficiency which follows BMT. The pattern of immune recovery observed suggests that preparative total body irradiation (TBI) may selectively depress the regional recovery of the TH1 [interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) secreting] lymphocyte subset.
Rapid authentication of pharmaceuticals via DNA tagging and field detection.

A small PCR-generated DNA fragment was introduced into a pharmaceutical grade ink as a molecular taggant, and the DNA tagged ink was delivered onto the surface of capsules by standard high-speed offset printing. The amount of DNA in the ink on each capsule is roughly 10−12 fold lower than that allowed as safe by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the WHO with regards to acceptable limits of residual DNA. The printed ink on the capsule surface was sampled by swabbing, followed by direct analysis of the DNA-swab complex, without subsequent DNA purification. It was shown that DNA recovered from the ink by swabbing was suitable for PCR-CE analysis—a widely used method in forensic science and was also suitable for qPCR and isothermal DNA amplification, when coupled with portable devices similar to those used for environmental sampling and food safety testing. The data set a precedent: A small DNA fragment could be introduced as an excipient into a pharmaceutical application, and thereafter tracked through the pharmaceutical supply chain via forensic DNA authentication.
A Review of Remote Fieldwork Supervision for BCBA® Trainees by Lisa N. Britton and Matthew J. Cicoria

In this article we review Britton and Cicoria’s (2019) Remote Fieldwork Supervision for BCBA® Trainees (Remote Fieldwork Supervision), published by Academic Press. We describe the key features of Remote Fieldwork Supervision and then provide a brief overview and descriptive review of each chapter and its content. Where appropriate, we also provide our critical analysis of the book’s content. We conclude with the positive recommendation that practitioners of behavior analysis and students who engage (or plan to engage) in remote supervision incorporate technology into their everyday supervisory practice, as well as that those who are interested in learning more about supervision should consider reading this book.
Bridging the Safety Net: A Case Study of How the MAP Clinics Use Collaboration to Meet the Needs of Vulnerable Patients

Drawing on Resource Dependency Theory (RDT), this chapter explores how multisector collaboration can advance healthcare access to vulnerable populations in under-resourced environments. Access to health-related services and ability to pay remain significant problems for low-income individuals, immigrants, and members of specific racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Many regions in the United States fail to ensure affordable health care for vulnerable populations, particularly those without health insurance and individuals living with multiple chronic conditions and mental illness. The Mason and Partners (MAP) clinics were developed to address the needs of vulnerable populations and to provide community-based training opportunities for allied health professionals. This chapter demonstrates the rationale for collaboration and relationship building in meeting the health and social needs of vulnerable communities.
“Whoa… Welcome to America!”: Supporting Refugee Background Students’ Socioemotional Well-Being, English Language Development, and Content Area Learning

In this qualitative case study, we draw from a larger, federally funded, multiyear study focused on preparing teachers to work with English language learners, which includes an increasing populatio...
Association of Cardiovascular Risk Factors with Cerebral Perfusion in Whites and African Americans.

Background Midlife cardiovascular risk factors increase risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite disproportionately high cardiovascular disease and dementia rates, African Americans are under-represented in studies of AD risk and research-based guidance on targeting vascular risk factors is lacking. Objective This study investigated relationships between specific cardiovascular risk factors and cerebral perfusion in White and African American adults enriched for AD risk. Methods Participants included 397 cognitively unimpaired White (n = 330) and African American (n = 67) adults enrolled in the Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center who underwent pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling MRI. Multiple linear regression models examined independent relationships between cardiovascular risk factors and mean cerebral perfusion. Subsequent interaction and stratified models assessed the role for APOE genotype and race. Results When risk factor p-values were FDR-adjusted, diastolic blood pressure was significantly associated with mean perfusion. Tobacco use, triglycerides, waist-to-hip ratio, and a composite risk score were not associated with perfusion. Without FDR adjustment, a relationship was also observed between perfusion and obesity, cholesterol, and fasting glucose. Neither APOE genotype nor race moderated relationships between risk factors and perfusion. Conclusion Higher diastolic blood pressure predicted lower perfusion more strongly than other cardiovascular risk factors. This relationship did not vary by racial group or genetic risk for AD, although the African American sample had greater vascular risk burden and lower perfusion rates. Our findings highlight the need to prioritize inclusion of underrepresented groups in neuroimaging studies and to continue exploring the link between modifiable risk factors, cerebrovascular health, and AD risk in underrepresented populations.
Transfer learning enables prediction of CYP2D6 haplotype function

Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is a highly polymorphic gene whose protein product metabolizes more than 20% of clinically used drugs. Genetic variations in CYP2D6 are responsible for interindividual heterogeneity in drug response that can lead to drug toxicity and ineffective treatment, making CYP2D6 one of the most important pharmacogenes. Prediction of CYP2D6 phenotype relies on curation of literature-derived functional studies to assign a functional status to CYP2D6 haplotypes. As the number of large-scale sequencing efforts grows, new haplotypes continue to be discovered, and assignment of function is challenging to maintain. To address this challenge, we have trained a deep learning model to predict functional status of CYP2D6 haplotypes, called Hubble.2D6. We find that Hubble.2D6 predicts CYP2D6 haplotype functional status with 88% accuracy in a held out test set and explains a significant amount of the variability in in vitro functional data. Hubble.2D6 may be a useful tool for assigning function to haplotypes with uncurated function, which may be used for screening individuals who are at risk of being poor metabolizers.
Macromolecular Characterizations in Neoplastic and Dysfunctional Human Melanocytes

By electron microscopy and density gradient enzyme assay it has been demonstrated in B-16 mouse melanoma that melanization proceeds within specific cytoplasmic organelles, melanosomes, while tyrosinase is considered to be synthesized in RNP-particles [22].
Supremacy of the Constitution: The Constitutionality of International Business Transactions Involving the Government of Ghana

Ghana has over the years developed into a world player with its Government engaging in all kinds of international business and economic transactions with foreign partners. All the same, Ghana being a sovereign nation does not act in a vacuum. All its actions must be done in line and in accordance with the laws of the country specifically the Constitution. It is without doubt that Ghana’s Constitution reigns Supreme and is not superseded by any other law, act, etc be it domestic or international. Over the years, these international transactions entered into by the Government of Ghana and other international partners have ended up before the Courts of Ghana where the Courts in upholding the Supremacy of the Constitution have held that all these transactions being contracts involving the Government of Ghana are in a certain class which thus demands compliance with certain laid down requirements in the Constitution failure of which grave consequences have been suffered by these international partners. It is thus necessary to consider the decisions in the light of Ghana’s Constitutional Supremacy, to sift out the road-maps as set out by the Courts of Ghana in order that Legal Advisers to foreign entities that contract with the Government of Ghana are aware of these important case laws in order to guide them appropriately on the Ghanaian law on this issue.
Strategies to assure optimal trade-offs among competing objectives for genetic improvement of soybean

Plant breeding is a decision making discipline based on understanding project objectives. Genetic improvement projects can have two competing objectives: maximize rate of genetic improvement and minimize loss of useful genetic variance. For commercial plant breeders competition in the marketplace forces greater emphasis on maximizing immediate genetic improvements. In contrast public plant breeders have an opportunity, perhaps an obligation, to place greater emphasis on minimizing loss of useful genetic variance while realizing genetic improvements. Considerable research indicates that short term genetic gains from Genomic Selection (GS) are much greater than Phenotypic Selection (PS), while PS provides better long term genetic gains because PS retains useful genetic diversity during the early cycles of selection. With limited resources must a soybean breeder choose between the two extreme responses provided by GS or PS? Or is it possible to develop novel breeding strategies that will provide a desirable compromise between the competing objectives? To address these questions, we decomposed breeding strategies into decisions about selection methods, mating designs and whether the breeding population should be organized as family islands. For breeding populations organized into islands decisions about possible migration rules among family islands were included. From among 60 possible strategies, genetic improvement is maximized for the first five to ten cycles using GS, a hub network mating design in breeding populations organized as fully connected family islands and migration rules allowing exchange of two lines among islands every other cycle of selection. If the objectives are to maximize both short-term and long-term gains, then the best compromise strategy is similar except a genomic mating design, instead of a hub networked mating design, is used. This strategy also resulted in realizing the greatest proportion of genetic potential of the founder populations. Weighted genomic selection applied to both non-isolated and island populations also resulted in realization of the greatest proportion of genetic potential of the founders, but required more cycles than the best compromise strategy.
PICU Passport: Pilot study of a handheld resident curriculum.

BACKGROUND To explore the impact of an educational tool designed to streamline resident learning during their pediatric intensive care (PICU) rotations. METHODS Topics and procedures were chosen for inclusion based on national requirements for pediatric residents. Residents received a PICU Passport at the beginning of their rotations. PICU faculty were provided learning objectives for each topic. Residents and faculty were surveyed before and after starting use of the Passport. RESULTS Twenty-two residents pre-Passport and 38 residents post-Passport were compared. Residents were more satisfied with their educational experiences (27 % vs. 79 %; P < 0.001), more likely to report faculty targeted teaching towards knowledge gaps (5 % vs. 63 %; P < 0.001) and felt more empowered to ask faculty to discuss specific topics (27 % vs. 76 %; P = 0.002). The median number of teaching sessions increased from 3 to 10 (Z = 4.2; P < 0.001). Most residents (73 %) felt the Passport helped them keep track of their learning and identify gaps in their knowledge. CONCLUSIONS The PICU Passport helps residents keep track of their learning and identify gaps in their knowledge. Passport use increases resident satisfaction with education during their PICU rotation and empowers residents to ask PICU faculty to address specific knowledge gaps.
Development and validation of the Oxford Pandemic Attitude Scale-COVID-19 (OPAS-C): an internet-based cross-sectional study in the UK and USA.

Objectives To develop and validate the Oxford Pandemic Attitude Scale-COVID-19 (OPAS-C), a multidimensional scale that addresses seven domains over 20 items including stress, fear, loneliness, sense of community, belief that the pandemic is a hoax or exaggerated, the use of and attitude to non-pharmaceutical interventions and vaccine hesitancy, in a single measure. Design Cross-sectional validation study. Setting Internet based with respondents in the USA and UK. Participants General community respondents using the Prolific Academic platform. Main outcome measures Exploratory factor analyses with promax oblique rotation and confirmatory factor analysis including goodness of fit indices: root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), standardised root mean square residual (SRMR) and comparative fit index (CFI). Reliability as internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha. Convergent and discriminant validity using Pearson correlation coefficients. Results The sample included 351 respondents in the USA and the factorial structure was confirmed using a separate set of 348 respondents in the UK. The OPAS-C had excellent goodness of fit characteristics, with an RMSEA of 0.047 (90% CI 0.037 to 0.056), SRMR of 0.043 and CFI of 0.962. Reliability was excellent, demonstrating Cronbach’s alpha of 0.87 in both the US and UK samples. Convergent validity showed correlation coefficients of 0.54 and 0.49 in the US and UK samples, respectively. Discriminant validity demonstrated correlations of 0.21 and 0.26 in the US and UK samples, respectively. Conclusions The OPAS-C represents the first validated scale that addresses mental health measures and public health-relevant responses to COVID-19, and may be a useful measure for use in future longitudinal and cross-sectional studies. Further international validation beyond the USA and UK may be helpful.
Evidence-Based Programs in “Real World” Settings: Finding the Best Fit

Evidence-based programs and practices (EBPPs) pertinent to the prevention and treatment of child abuse and neglect remain underutilized in community settings. The purpose of implementation science is to generate a robust body of knowledge regarding the factors that influence professional and organizational behavior, and the types of strategies that can be used to effectively implement and sustain those EBPPs in community settings. In this chapter, we review the extant research and offer innovative examples that demonstrate how implementation science and practice can contribute to the promotion of child well-being. We begin by discussing emerging research that can inform the early and later stages of implementation. We then discuss a number of contextual factors that can influence implementation processes. Finally, we present eight areas that will be critical to advancing the science and practice of implementation, and ultimately, the well-being of children and families.
Tooth enamel dust as an asthma stimulus: A case report

A case report of a first-year dental student with asthma, who experienced exacerbation of symptoms and a severe asthmatic crisis in the course of her preclinical dental training, is presented. Dust generated as a result of preparing natural teeth triggered the bronchoconstrictive response. Her subsequent medical and preventive measures are cited. This case identifies, for the first time, enamel dust as an asthma stimulus, thus serving as a precaution to prospective dental students and personnel afflicted with the disease and emphasizing the importance of effective face masks in dental laboratories during dust-generating procedures.
Clinical Implications of the Vascular Laboratory in the Diagnosis of Venous Disorders

After nearly 50 years of rapid advances in vascular surgery and after 25 years of progress in developing noninvasive vascu1ar investigations the venous system remains enigmatic. Its pathophysiology is a fruitful area of clinical investigation because the component elements of venous dysfunction are incompletely understood. Investigations into venous dysfunction are continuing and research studies and individual patient examinations are being refined. Prospective, randomized studies are appearing in print and meta-analyses are being published.
Inactivation of galactosyltransferase by lactoperoxidase and N-acetylimidazole.

Galactosyltransferase (UDPgalactose:d-glucose 4-β-d-galactosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.22) was totally inactivated by iodination with lactoperoxidase (donor:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.7). Substrates protected against inactivation. The presence of 10 mM Mn2+ and 1 mM UDPgalactose gave partial protection which was enhanced by the addition of 10 mM N-acetyl-glucosamine, but not by glucose. These results are consistent with a conformational change upon binding of UDPgalactose. Only monoiodotyrosine and diiodotryosine were identified in the pronase digest of iodinated galactosyltransferase. Galactosyltransferase was also inactivated with N-acetylimidazole and partial activity was restored by treating acetylated galactosyltransferase with hydroxylamine. These results suggest that tyrosine(s) is essential for galactosyltransferase activity.
Multiperiodicity in RRs and δ Scuti Stars: An Observational View

On reviewing the observational literature of the recent past on RRs (or dwarf Cepheid or AI Velorum) and δ Scuti stars, it appeared that most present controversy is centered on three specific questions: (1) Are δ Scuti stars really periodic, or only quasi-periodic? (2) Are tidal modulations responsible for the slow cyclic variations observed in many of these stars, or not? (3) Are there any real physical differences between the members of these two groups, or are they actually the same kind of object? I would like to restrict this review primarily to these questions; and since some of our recent observational results bear directly on questions CI) and (2), and indirectly on question (3), I hope I will be forgiven for describing briefly here some of our current relevant findings.
Is Dementia Special Care Really Special? A New Look at an Old Question

OBJECTIVES: To quantify differences in care provided to nursing home (NH) residents with dementia living on and off dementia special care units (SCUs). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study using propensity score adjustment for resident and NH characteristics. SETTING: Free-standing NHs in nonrural U.S. counties that had an SCU in 2004 (N = 1,896). PARTICIPANTS: Long-stay (≥90 days) NH residents with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease or dementia and at least moderate cognitive impairment (N = 69,131). MEASUREMENTS: Resident-level NH care processes such as physical restraints, bed rails, feeding tubes, psychotropic medications, and incontinence care. RESULTS: There was no difference in the use of physical restraints (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.79-1.11), but SCU residents were less likely to have had bed rails (AOR= 0.55, 95% CI = 0.46-0.64) and to have been tube fed (AOR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.30-0.43). SCU residents were more likely to be on toileting plans (AOR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.08-1.39) and less likely to use pads or briefs in the absence of a toileting plan (AOR=0.73, 95% CI = 0.61-0.88). SCU residents were more likely to have received psychotropic medications (AOR=1.23, 95% CI=1.05-1.44), primarily antipsychotics (SCU = 44.9% vs non-SCU = 30.0%). CONCLUSION: SCU residents received different care than comparable non-SCU residents. Most strikingly, SCU residents had greater use of antipsychotic medications.