cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Direct and indirect effects of warming on aphids, their predators, and ant mutualists

Species exist within communities of other interacting species, so an exogenous force that directly affects one species can indirectly affect all other members of the community. In the case of climate change, many species may be affected directly and subsequently initiate numerous indirect effects that propagate throughout the community. Therefore, the net effect of climate change on any one species is a function of the direct and indirect effects. We investigated the direct and indirect effects of climate warming on corn leaf aphids, a pest of corn and other grasses, by performing an experimental manipulation of temperature, predators, and two common aphid-tending ants. Although warming had a positive direct effect on aphid population growth rate, warming reduced aphid abundance when ants and predators were present. This occurred because winter ants, which aggressively defend aphids from predators under control temperatures, were less aggressive toward predators and less abundant when temperatures were increased. In contrast, warming increased the abundance of cornfield ants, but they did not protect aphids from predators with the same vigor as winter ants. Thus, warming broke down the ant-aphid mutualism and counterintuitively reduced the abundance of this agricultural pest.
Clinical Observations: Beyond the Prescription: Optimizing the Diet of Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome

The nutrition and metabolic problems of patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) are complex. Although much effort has been devoted to optimizing the provision of parenteral nutrition to these patients, much less attention has been devoted to the role that an optimal enteral or oral diet might play in the management of these individuals. In addition to the role that luminal nutrition plays in bowel adaptation following resection, the provision of an appropriate diet prescription can influence absorption or stool or ostomy output. To optimize the effect of diet manipulation, the diet prescription must be translated into foods, and the foods into appropriate meals that recognize the variability that exists in this patient population. In addition to reviewing available literature, observations based upon our clinical experience caring for nearly 400 patients with SBS are presented.
A sparse memory allocation data structure for sequential and parallel association rule mining

In this paper, we present a sparse memory allocation data structure for sequential and parallel data mining. We explored three algorithms utilizing the proposed data structure: MASP-tree, apriori-TID, and FP-growth. We modified the data structure of apriori-TID and FP-growth algorithms to reduce memory allocation cost. Five data sets are used for comparison. The results show that the modified apriori-TID has a higher speed-up than the modified FP-growth when the proposed data structure is used. A maximum speed-up of 3.42 is observed when MASP algorithm is tested.
Tranexamic Acid Use in United States Children's Hospitals.

Background The prevalence of tranexamic acid (TXA) use for trauma and other conditions in children is unknown.
Modern Just War Theory: A Guide to Research

Much has been written concerning the ethics of warfare in recent decades. The ongoing wars in the Middle East and unrest around the globe have no doubt fueled interest in this important topic. With...
Suitability of Prepupae and Pupae of the Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) as Hosts of Coccygomimus disparis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

Females of Coccygomimus disparis (Viereck) were exposed to laboratoryreared prepupae and pupae (1–9 d old) of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), in a choice test to determine the optimal host age for parasitism. The frequency of visits by parasites and successful parasitism in a 2-h exposure period were high for all age classes of pupae but markedly lower for prepupae. Incidence of parasitism appeared to be higher on male hosts than female hosts, but the sex ratios were similarly skewed toward females in progeny emerging from hosts of both sexes. Development of more than one parasite per host was very rare. Host mortality caused by dehydration was higher in prepupae than in pupae but did not appear to be caused by parasite activity, nor did mortality from disease. Host mortality from unknown causes was much higher in hosts that were known to have been visited than in those that were not, suggesting that some of this mortality should be attributed to parasite activity.
Feeding Behavior of Some Tennessee Tabanidae

Landing site selection on cattle was observed for 19 tabanine species or species groups in eastern Tennessee during 1977 and 1978. Definite area preferences for alighting and presumably for feeding were observed for many species. Trends were noted for horse fly distribution relative to height on the host. A positive correlation was found between mean hair depth at point of landing and mean tabanid mouthpart lengths.
Prevalence, Features, and Severity of Glaucomatous Visual Field Loss Measured With the 10-2 Achromatic Threshold Visual Field Test.

Purpose To investigate the clinical characteristics of 10-2 visual field defects in subjects with a diagnosis of glaucoma or glaucoma suspicion. Design Prospective, observational cohort study. Methods From participants enrolled in an ongoing glaucoma research study at our institution, we identified 354 eyes in 180 subjects (97 with primary open-angle glaucoma, 83 with glaucoma suspicion) who had 2 or more reliable 24-2 and 10-2 visual field tests and good-quality spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) scans. Eyes with macular pathology, significant cataract, or nonglaucomatous vision loss were excluded. We applied previously published cluster criteria to define 10-2 visual field loss, and then calculated prevalence, location, severity, and pattern of 10-2 visual field loss as well as its relationships with various functional and structural parameters. Results Repeatable 10-2 visual field defects were present in 89 of 180 subjects (49%) and usually exhibited an arcuate or nasal pattern. In eyes with no, mild, moderate, and advanced 24-2 visual field loss, 15 of 236 (6%), 49 of 67 (73%), 25 of 26 (96%), and 25 of 25 (100%) had 10-2 visual field defects, respectively. Of the 114 eyes with 10-2 visual field loss, 93 (82%) demonstrated abnormal points within the central 10 degrees of the 24-2 visual field test. Mean defect on the 10-2 and 24-2 tests was highly correlated (r 2 = 0.72). Conclusions Although central VF loss appears to be common in glaucoma and may have an important role in glaucoma management, additional study is warranted to more definitively determine the optimal methods to detect presence, severity, and functional impact of central glaucomatous visual field loss.
KRas, ROS and the initiation of pancreatic cancer

Oncogenic mutations of KRAS are the most frequent driver mutations in pancreatic cancer. Expression of an oncogenic allele of KRAS leads to metabolic changes and altered cellular signaling that both can increase the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increases in ROS have been shown to drive the formation and progression of pancreatic precancerous lesions by upregulating survival and growth factor signaling. A key issue for precancerous and cancer cells is to keep ROS at levels where they are beneficial for tumor development and progression, but below the threshold that leads to induction of senescence or cell death. In KRas-driven neoplasia aberrantly increased ROS levels are therefore balanced by an upregulation of antioxidant genes.
BCR/ABL and Other Oncogenic Fusion Tyrosine Kinases (FTKs) Stimulate Single Strand Annealing (SSA), the Rare and Extremely Unfaithful DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Pathway To Facilitate Genomic Instability in Hematologic Malignancies.

Chromosomal translocations are responsible for the appearance of oncogenes encoding BCR/ABL-related fusion tyrosine kinases (FTKs) such as BCR/ABL, TEL/ABL, TEL/JAK2, TEL/PDGFR and NPM/ALK, which induce hematological malignancies such as chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). We showed that cells transformed by BCR/ABL and other FTKs generate higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than normal counterparts. Enhanced ROS production in malignant cells causes extensive oxidative DNA damage resulting in elevated numbers of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) measured by immunofluorescence detecting histone H2AX phosphorylated on serine 139 (γ-H2AX) and localized near DSB sites. Since DSBs may be lethal for cells, they are usually repaired by homologous recombination and non-homologous end-joining. Occasionally, a third mechanism called single-strand annealing (SSA) may be involved, too. During SSA an exonuclease degrades one strand at the DNA ends until homology is revealed (for example between two Alu sequences) allowing the broken ends to anneal and the intervening sequence to be clipped off. Therefore, SSA is extremely unfaithful, resulting in a deletion of sequences between the repeats. Because ∼50% of the mammalian genome consists of repeat sequences, SSA is potentially an important pathway of mutagenesis. For example, intrachromatid SSA events can give rise to interstitial deletions leading to a loss of a tumor suppressor gene. To determine the activity of SSA, a well-defined genetic model designed to exclusively measure SSA was applied. The model consists of a reporter cassette containing two fragments of the gene encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) with a unique I- Sce I restriction site introduced into one fragment. Expression of I- Sce I restrictase will cause a DSB, which if repaired by SSA will result in recovery of a functional GFP gene generating a GFP+ cell. A single copy of the SSA reporter cassette was integrated in the genomic DNA of parentals and FTK-transformed cells. Cells were transfected with an expression vector encoding I- Sce I restrictase and red fluorescent protein with mitochondrial localization (RFP-Mito) to control transfection efficiency. The number of double-positive (GFP+/RFP-Mito+) cells was scored in the population of RFP-Mito+ cells. FTKs induced an approximately 3–30 fold increase of the frequency of SSA events. Therefore, elevated levels of ROS-induced DSBs combined with increased frequency of a relatively rare but extremely unfaithful SSA repair may contribute to genetic instability in hematologic malignancies induced by FTKs.
Postmarketing Experience of Intralesional Collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (Xiaflex®) Injection in Men with Peyronie’s Disease

There are limited data on postmarketing patient outcomes, as well as safety and management of complications, with use of intralesional collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (Xiaflex®). This review aims to highlight recent postmarketing experiences and management concepts of intralesional collagenase C. histolyticum (Xiaflex®) use. Postmarketing data may help determine whether the frequency of collagenase C. histolyticum-related corporal ruptures is similar to real-world clinical experience compared to phase III clinical trials. Additionally, corporal ruptures have been observed outside the recommended abstinence period outlined by the Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy protocol. These findings, coupled with compromised tissue quality observed at time of surgical repair, have led to controversies in the management of collagenase C. histolyticum-related corporal ruptures. Corporal ruptures remain a concern as reported in the Investigation for Maximal Peyronie’s Reduction Efficacy and Safety Study trials. With evidence of advanced local tissue degradation leading to delayed corporal ruptures, an evolving management of these injuries is developing. Close observation, rather than surgical intervention, may be an appropriate treatment option for selected patients. Lengthening the recommended abstinence period from the time of the last injection may be prudent with the administration of intralesional collagenase C. histolyticum. Postmarketing efficacy data have been consistent with phase III trials.
U-Pb geochronology of grossular-andradite garnet

Abstract This study presents a new laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) based U-Pb geochronometric method for dating grossular-andradite (grandite) garnet. Grandite is a primary skarn mineral, therefore dating its growth directly dates hydrothermal activity. As zircon U-Pb geochronometry provides a high-resolution record of magmatic processes, grandite U-Pb dating has the potential to provide a complementary record for hydrothermal systems. This study characterizes four garnets of variable grossular-andradite content and age as potential reference materials for LA-ICPMS U-Pb geochronology: Willsboro Andradite (~ 1020 Ma, Adirondacks, USA), Red and Yellow Mali Grandite (~ 200 Ma, Southern Mali) and Lake Jaco Grossular (~ 35 Ma, Coahuila, Mexico). Isotope dilution-thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) U-Pb analyses of Willsboro andradite yield a mean 206Pb/238U date of 1022 ± 16 Ma. We use Willsboro Andradite as a primary reference material for LA-ICPMS U-Pb characterization of the two other garnets. The non-radiogenic Pb (Pbc) concentration in grandite is variable between specimens. Willsboro Andradite and Mali Grandites contain almost purely radiogenic Pb (Pb*), however Lake Jaco Grossular has a higher Pbc concentration comparatively and yields discordant U/Pb ratios. For specimens with highly variable Pb*/Pbc, linear regression is employed to derive a lower-intercept age. LA-ICPMS U-Pb dates for Yellow Mali Grandite (202 ± 2 Ma; 206Pb/238U weighted mean) and Lake Jaco Grossular (35 ± 2 Ma; lower intercept) agree with independent ID-TIMS U-Pb (202.0 ± 1.2 Ma) and (U-Th)/He dates (35 ± 5 Ma) derived for each specimen. The precision of LA-ICPMS U-Pb dates varies between 1–10% (2σ) for the analyzed garnets. Considering the short estimated lifespans of pluton-related hydrothermal systems (tens of thousands to a few million years), Neogene skarns present the best opportunity to test for and resolve separate episodes of garnet growth at these precision levels. As a performance test for the method, we present new U-Pb andradite data from a Late Miocene skarn system on Serifos Island, Greece. This garnet yields a lower-intercept age of 9.15 ± 0.36 Ma, in agreement with biotite Rb-Sr and zircon U-Pb dates from the causative pluton.
Least Preferred Co-Worker Score as a Measure of Cognitive Complexity:

To test the assertion by Foa, Mitchell, and Fiedler (1971) and by Mitchell (1970) that Fiedler's Least Preferred Co-worker scale measures cognitive complexity, questionnaires from 357 subjects were...
Is culture of origin associated with more expressions? An analysis of Yelp reviews on Japanese restaurants

Abstract Do online reviewers of ethnic restaurants use more elaborate expressions if they are from the culture of origin of those restaurants than otherwise? For instance, do Japanese use more elaborate sentiment expressions in online reviews than North Americans and Europeans (Westerners) when it comes to Japanese restaurants? We examined 76,704 Western and 56,159 Japanese Yelp reviews of 10 popular entree items – ramen, sushi, tempura, bento, curry rice, fried rice, gyoza, miso soup, soba, and udon – at Japanese restaurants in the West and Japan, respectively. The results indicate that Western reviewers use more elaborate sentiment expressions than Japanese reviewers on the major aspects of restaurant reviews, namely service quality and food quality. However, the differences are smaller for food quality than service quality possibly due to the culture-of-origin effect. In addition, post-hoc analyses show that Japanese reviewers express their sentiments with a greater variety of expression when discussing a restaurant's physical environment and price fairness compared with Western reviewers.
Circularly Polarized Luminescence and Fluorescence Detected Circular Dichroism

Circularly polarised luminescence and fluorescence-detected circular dichroism are both based on the interaction of circularly polasrised light with a chiral molecule. The former relates to the differential circularly polarized luminescence of an excited chiral molecule, and the latter to the differential absorption of circular polarized light by a chiral molecule detected by subsequent fluorescence from the excited state. The instrumentation and applications of these complementary techniques are described.
Alpha to Omega on Theta Bearing Lymphocytes: Immunoregulation by T Cells

Within a very short period after a foreign substance enters the body, two opposing forces are sent into action, one positive and the other negative. The positive force has as its main goal the production of substances which will attack the invader and neutralize and/or kill it. These attacking forces are extremely heterogenous but can be subdivided into two main categories,cell-mediated andhumoral immune responses.Cell-mediated immunity consists of various types of blood cells which have the ability to either actively or passively recognize the specific nature of the foreign invader and to kill it.Humoral immunity consists predominantly of antibodies, which bind to foreign substances with exquisite specificity. Anti-bodies are divided into several classes (i.e. IgM, IgG with its many subclasses, IgE, IgA, etc.), depending on particular antigenic (and other) markers found in the constant region of their heavy chains. In addition to binding to foreign substances, antibodies of some of the classes can also bind to cells. Cell-bound antibodies thus provide some aspect of specificity to eel I-mediated immune responses and therefore, serve as a “bridge” between the cellular and humoral arms of the immune response.
Toward a Concrete Logic: Discreta

Since Kant the question of whether existence is a predicate has been debated. The question cannot be settled on its own grounds, nor need it be. Existence is not a predicate if there is nothing to distinguished from it; but if it is only a part of being, so that there is a domain for what could exist but does not as well as for what does, (what had and what will) exist, then existence is a predicate.
Affinity chromatography--old problems and new approaches.

The purification of macromolecules by biospecific adsorption-affinity chromatography (1) is a technique with a long history although its application to a wide variety of problems is comparatively recent. As long ago as 1910 there were reports of the purification of amylase by adsorption to insoluble starch (2). Tyrosinase was purified in 1953 using a cellulose matrix bearing the inhibitor, diazodizine (3). In both of these examples the power of purification lies in the highly selective “insolubilization” of the macromolecule from solution. This reversible phase separation often allows a high degree of concentration of the particular molecular species of interest from dilute solution and the removal, by washing and elution processes, of other molecular species that are cosolutes.
Structural effects on the binding of amine drugs with the diphenylmethyl functionality to cyclodextrins. II. A molecular modeling study.

Molecular modeling has been used to study the complexation between α, β, or γ-cyclodextrin (CD) and a group of amine compounds having the diphenylmethyl functionality. The computer program SYBYL 5.3 and the Tripos force field (version 5.2) were used for all the calculations. Three-dimensional structures of 13 amine compounds were built individually from their atoms, and CDs were built based on the X-ray crystallographic coordinates. The diphenylmethyl derivative-CD complexes were constructed and optimized. Based on the calculated binding energies accompanying the inclusion process, the preferred method of approach of the compounds to the cavities of the CD molecules, and the structural effects on the binding between amine compounds and three CDs were explored. The calculated binding energies exhibited a good correlation with the stability constants obtained from solution calorimetric titrations. The present study shows that for similar ligand molecules, the molecular modeling technique should enable us to visualize the structure of the inclusion complexes and will also assist us in determining the ability of a potential drug molecule to form a stable complex with CDs.
Germplasm Resources for Mapping Quantitative Traits in Maize

The expression of quantitative traits is complex, often the result of multiple genes acting in concert, and interacting with the environment. Determining the genetic control of quantitative traits can be accomplished using a number of methods to link genotype to phenotype, such as linkage-based quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, genome-wide association mapping (GWAS), and multi-parent mapping including nested association mapping (NAM) and multi-parent advanced generation intercrosses (MAGIC). A wide array of germplasm resources are available for mapping QTL in maize. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a brief overview of QTL mapping methods, to provide background about commonly used germplasm resources, and to discuss the strengths and weakness of each.
Historical Instruments for the Modern Sinus Surgeon

BackgroundDespite a proliferation of technological advances in sinonasal surgery, “cold steel” instruments still comprise the core of the sinus surgeon’s tools of the trade. Many of these implement...
Flexible Electret Generator for Self-Powered Metal Cathodic Protection

This work introduces a metal cathodic protection scheme based on a self-powered flexible electret generator which harvests energy from the environment vibration energy. The key innovations in this work include: (1) a 2×2 cm2 flexible electret generator producing peak output power of 450 μW with good stability; (2) power generation demo by lightening up 28 blue LEDs; (3) the measured reduction of metal corrosion rate by 245% with the proposed protection mechanism. As such, this low-cost, power supply-free, and environmentally friendly scheme could be applicable for the protection of metal surface from corrosions by utilizing surrounding mechanical vibration energy, including ships.
Lung adenocarcinoma presumed to be Pott's disease in a 28-year-old patient: A case report and review of literature.

Background Tuberculous spondylitis (Pott's disease), a common extrapulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis (TB), typically presents with back pain, tenderness, paraparesis/paraplegia, and various constitutional symptoms. Due to radiological similarities between Pott's disease and lung cancer, some lung cancer patients may initially be erroneously diagnosed and treated for TB, allowing for extensive progression of their cancer. Case description A 28-year-old male presented with a chronic dry cough, weight loss, and 2 months of increased back pain accompanied by bilateral lower extremity weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an epidural collection causing compression of the spinal cord at the T5-T6 level. The initial diagnosis was Mycobacterium tuberculosis/Pott's disease. A thoracic T4-T8 decompression fusion was performed; however, pathologic examination of the tissue revealed adenocarcinoma. Postoperatively, after the patient experienced several episodes of acute respiratory distress and a tension pneumothorax, lung imaging confirmed multiple tumor infiltrates along with lung cancer extending into the thoracic vertebrae. Pelvic studies also confirmed the presence of pelvic metastases. The patient passed away 3 weeks following surgery. Conclusion In this case report, a 28-year-old male was treated for thoracic Pott's disease that proved to be metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. To avoid such misdiagnoses in the future, physicians should better differentiate spinal TB from other malignancies that may affect the spine. This study underscores the importance of obtaining at least a chest X-ray in any patient with suspected Pott's disease, irrespective of age, to help rule out lung cancer or other pathologies.
Addressing Childhood Hunger during the Summer Months: Using Gleaned Produce for Snacks and Interactive Nutrition Education on Food Systems and Healthy Eating

In the United States, 6.5 million children experience food insecurity. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the Building Blocks for Healthy Kids summer nutrition education program for low-in...
COVID-19 and Section 1031: Anticipating IRS Extension Relief

Anyone who is in a section 1031 exchange, could have trouble finishing such exchange due to the current situation caused by COVID-19. The IRS appears to have authority to extend the section 1031 45-day and 180-day time periods, but they haven’t done so yet. This short piece considers what exchangers might do while they wait for hoped-for extensions from the IRS. The COVID-19 situation raises issues that differ from other federally declared disasters that have resulted in extensions of the section 1031 deadlines (i.e., COVID-19 is a national, not regional, issue and COVID-19 does not destroy property in the manner that fires, hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, earthquakes, and other typical natural disasters do). The attached paper provides some thoughts regarding what exchangers and their advisors might consider as they wait for the IRS to issue guidance related to the time periods. Update: On April 9, 2020, the IRS published Notice 2020-23, extending the section 1031 deadlines for exchangers whose deadlines expire between April 1, 2020, and July 15, 2020.
Cost-Effectiveness and Efficacy of a Novel Combination Regimen in Acromegaly: A Prospective, Randomized Trial.

Context Combination therapy with somatostatin receptor ligand (SRL) plus pegvisomant for patients with acromegaly is recommended after a maximizing dose on monotherapy. Lower-dose combination regimens are not well studied. Objective To compare cost-effectiveness and efficacy of 3 lower-dose combination regimens in controlled and uncontrolled acromegaly. Design and setting Prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel arm study at a tertiary referral pituitary center. Patients Adults with acromegaly regardless of response to prior SRL and biochemical control status at baseline, stratified by an SRL dose required for insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I normalization during any 3-month period within 12 months preceding enrollment. Intervention Combination therapy for 24 to 32 weeks on arm A, high-dose SRL (lanreotide 120 mg/octreotide long-acting release [LAR] 30 mg) plus weekly pegvisomant (40-160 mg/week); arm B, low-dose SRL (lanreotide 60 mg/octreotide LAR 10 mg) plus weekly pegvisomant; or arm C, low-dose SRL plus daily pegvisomant (15-60 mg/day). Main outcome measure Monthly treatment cost in each arm in participants completing ≥ 24 weeks of therapy. Results Sixty patients were enrolled and 52 were evaluable. Fifty of 52 (96%) demonstrated IGF-I control regardless of prior SRL responsiveness (arm A, 14/15 [93.3%]; arm B, 22/23 [95.7%]; arm C, 14/14 [100%]). Arm B was least costly (mean, $9837 ± 1375 per month), arm C was most expensive (mean, $22543 ± 11158 per month), and arm A had an intermediate cost (mean, $14261 ± 1645 per month). Approximately 30% of patients required pegvisomant dose uptitration. Rates of adverse events were all Conclusions Low-dose SRL plus weekly pegvisomant represents a novel dosing option for achieving cost-effective, optimal biochemical control in patients with uncontrolled acromegaly requiring combination therapy.
Farmworkers in western Canada: injustices and activism: edited by Shirley A. McDonald and Bob Barnetson, Edmonton, Alberta, University of Alberta Press, 2016, 212pp., $23.99 (paperback), ISBN: 9781772121384

Farmworkers in Western Canada takes a largely applied approach to focusing on labor and agricultural policy history, processes, and outcomes. In total, the essays that make up this collection bridg...
Monitoring Tests and the Time of Duration

In this chapter, we begin with the introduction for the discussions of monitoring tests and their limitations. In particular, in introducing the concept of time duration, the definition of stochastic drawndown (and drawup) for the underlying stochastic processes (due to its running nature), the sample path of the processes. It is not only the magnitude of the change is of concern.
Diagnosis toward predicting mean annual runoff in ungauged basins

Abstract. Prediction of mean annual runoff is of great interest but still poses a challenge in ungauged basins. The present work diagnoses the prediction in mean annual runoff affected by the uncertainty in estimated distribution of soil water storage capacity. Based on a distribution function, a water balance model for estimating mean annual runoff is developed, in which the effects of climate variability and the distribution of soil water storage capacity are explicitly represented. As such, the two parameters in the model have explicit physical meanings, and relationships between the parameters and controlling factors on mean annual runoff are established. The estimated parameters from the existing data of watershed characteristics are applied to 35 watersheds. The results showed that the model could capture 88.2 % of the actual mean annual runoff on average across the study watersheds, indicating that the proposed new water balance model is promising for estimating mean annual runoff in ungauged watersheds. The underestimation of mean annual runoff is mainly caused by the underestimation of the area percentage of low soil water storage capacity due to neglecting the effect of land surface and bedrock topography. Higher spatial variability of soil water storage capacity estimated through the height above the nearest drainage (HAND) and topographic wetness index (TWI) indicated that topography plays a crucial role in determining the actual soil water storage capacity. The performance of mean annual runoff prediction in ungauged basins can be improved by employing better estimation of soil water storage capacity including the effects of soil, topography, and bedrock. It leads to better diagnosis of the data requirement for predicting mean annual runoff in ungauged basins based on a newly developed process-based model finally.
Heroin Fatality in a Feline: A Case Report with Postmortem Liver Concentrations.

A case of feline intoxication and fatality with the illicit drug heroin is described. A five-year-old castrated male domestic short hair cat was recently diagnosed with an active pneumonitis and left at home for a couple days under the care of another resident. Upon return, the owner found his cat dead with strong suspicion of foul-play. The cat was necropsied by a local veterinary clinic to retrieve the liver for diagnostic toxicology. The postmortem liver sample screened positive for 6-acetylmorphine and 6-acetylcodeine by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Deconvolution techniques were applied to chromatograms and revealed the additional presence of morphine and mirtazapine. Subsequent quantitation of mirtazapine, heroin, morphine, 6-acetylmorphine, 6-acetylcodeine was performed by gas chromatography tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Although companion animal fatalities arising from toxicities are a likely consequence of drug abuse in a home, this is the first reported case of a malicious feline fatality resulting from heroin with quantitation of heroin metabolites.
Changes in Use of Left Ventricular Assist Devices as Bridge to Transplantation With New Heart Allocation Policy.

Abstract Objectives The goal of this study was to describe outcomes of patients with bridge to heart transplantation (BTT) after changes were made to the donor heart allocation system. Background Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have been used as a BTT. On October 18, 2018, the donor heart allocation system in the United States was updated. Methods This study identified adults in the United Network for Organ Sharing database with durable, continuous-flow LVAD at listing or implanted while listed between April 2017 and April 2020. Baseline recipient and donor characteristics, waitlist survival, and post-transplantation outcomes were compared pre- and post-allocation system change. Results A total of 1,794 patients met inclusion criteria: 983 in the pre-change period and 814 afterward. The number of patients listed with LVAD decreased nationally over time from 102 in April 2017 to 12 in April 2020 (p Conclusions The number of patients with BTT on the transplant list decreased steadily and dramatically after the allocation system change. Although time to transplant decreased, there was an increase in post-transplant mortality. These data suggest that the risks and benefits of LVAD implantation as a BTT have changed under the new allocation system and that the appropriate indication for this treatment strategy warrants a re-evaluation.
Investigation of Risk Factors for Specific Lameness Disorders in a Southeastern US Dairy by Survival Analysis

Besides the direct costs of treatment and culling, lameness can negatively affect production, reproduction, and udder health, making it one of the greatest causes of economic loss in the dairy industry. Thin soles (TS) are associated with hoof wear and wet conditions, which are prevalent in the hot humid summers of the Southeast. This condition may predispose cows to potentially more serious conditions including sole ulcers (UL) and white line disease (WLD). This study was undertaken to quantify these hoof problems, and investigate risk factors and interrelationship of conditions.
Intelligent Anomaly Mitigation in Cyber-Physical Inverter-based Systems

The distributed cooperative controllers for inverter-based systems rely on communication networks that make them vulnerable to cyber anomalies. In addition, the distortion effects of such anomalies may also propagate throughout inverter-based cyber-physical systems due to the cooperative cyber layer. In this paper, an intelligent anomaly mitigation technique for such systems is presented utilizing data driven artificial intelligence tools that employ artificial neural networks. The proposed technique is implemented in secondary voltage control of distributed cooperative control-based microgrid, and results are validated by comparison with existing distributed secondary control and real-time simulations on real-time simulator OPAL-RT.
The Legitimation of Science

The problem of the legitimation of science may have a different significance in one time and place than in another. Thus, at the dawn of modern science, when science became increasingly the intellectual competitor to religion, both science and religion, i.e. the spokesmen of both, each questioned the legitimacy of the other system. Once science won the hegemony, the problem arose afresh, but on a smaller scale and within science, every time a controversy raged. Soon science threatened the existing political order, and so representatives of the Establishment and of science questioned the legitimacy of each other’s framework, and thus the whole system of science could be questioned afresh. But this did not happen: The representative of the Establishment only questioned the possibility of a social and political science — of a science of man. In the nineteenth century within the scientific community some saw the possibility of the science of man and remained radicalists, others raised doubts about the very possibility of the science of man, thereby giving legitimation to the Reaction.
A Backend Text Retrieval Machine for Signature-Based Document Ranking

We discuss key issues of implementing a ranking strategy based on signature files. The main contribution of our method is the ability to represent term frequencies and obtain inverse document frequencies without explicitly storing them. This reduces the storage overhead significantly but without increasing the processing time. We then describe the design of a hardware signature processor for implementing the ranking strategy.
Evaluation of clinical data. Improvement of efficiency by simple transformation.

Abstract Attention is called to the existence of distributions other than normal, to the errors resulting from ignoring this non-normality, and to the benefit derived from simple transformation in many cases. By “normalizing” the distribution, we can increase the amount of information which can be obtained from the data and conclusions can be drawn with much greater confidence. Where the scatter of the results is small in proportion to the mean, however, little change results from any of the common transformations, which then are unprofitable.
Representing retinal image speed in visual cortex.

Speed preferences in MT neurons are found to be unaffected by changes in stimulus pattern, supporting the hypothesis that these neurons represent retinal image velocities.
Spinal cord stimulation with interleaved pulses: a randomized, controlled trial.

Objectives. The development of multicontact electrodes and programmable, implanted pulse generators has increased the therapeutic success of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) by enhancing the ability to capture and maintain pain/paresthesia overlap. This study sought to determine if interleaved stimulation and/or frequency doubling improves pain/paresthesia overlap in patients with failed back surgery syndrome. Methods. Using a patient-interactive computer system that quantifies SCS performance and presents stimulation settings in randomized, double-blind fashion, we compared the effect on pain/paresthesia overlap of interleaved stimulation (rapidly interleaved pulse trains using two different contact combinations) vs. standard treatment with a single contact combination, controlling for frequency doubling. Stimulation amplitude (charge per phase, as determined by varying pulse voltage or width) was adjusted to a subjectively comfortable intensity (usage amplitude), which was maintained for all trials in each patient. The number of percutaneous spinal electrodes used (one or two) and the phase angle between interleaved pulses were additional study variables. Results. Multivariate analysis of 266 test results from 15 patients revealed a statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) association between increased computer-calculated pain/paresthesia overlap and 1) high- and low-frequency interleaved stimulation using two combinations of contacts and 2) frequency doubling using one combination. We found no significant effect for electrode configuration (single or dual), pulse width matching, or phase angle. Conclusions. The statistically significant advantages we observed for SCS with interleaved stimulation are explained, at least in part, by the effects of frequency doubling. These findings have important implications for the design and adjustment of pulse generators.
Redistribution of impurities in commercial wet-process acid

Fifty-four commercial wet-process phosphoric acid (WPA) products were characterized to determine the redistribution of each chemical component between the solid and liquid fractions. The acid samples ranged in concentration from 24–70% P2O5 and represent production from the major U.S. phosphate rock fields (western United States, North Carolina, and Florida). The liquid and solid phases were separated and analyzed within two to three days of production and thus do not reflect long-term storage. The type and distribution of the compounds in the solid phase were dependent upon both the P2O5 concentration and that of 10 impurity components (Fe, Al, Mg, Na, K, Ca, Si, F, NH3-N, and S). The precipitates between 24 and 41% P2O5 are primarily gypsum, (Fe, Al)3(K, Na, NH4)H8(PO4)6·6H2O, and the AlF 6 3- and SiF 6 2- compounds of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. From 42–58% P2O5, the precipitates include greatly reduced amounts of most of the fluorides from the 28–41% P2O5 region and significant quantities of (Fe, Al)3(K, Na, NH4)H14(PO4)8·4H2O. Between 58 and 70% P2O5, the precipitates are primarily acid ferric phosphates and alkaline earth and ferrous pyrophosphates admixed with minor amounts of hemihydrate. Model equations were developed to estimate the concentration of a specific impurity in terms of overall solution composition. These equations exhibited correlation coefficients in the 60–80% range and allow prediction of trends for sludge formation.
Risk Stratification in Patients with Advanced Heart Failure Requiring Biventricular Assist Device Support as a Bridge to Cardiac Transplantation

Background Prior studies have identified risk factors for survival in patients with end-stage heart failure (HF) requiring left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support. However, patients with biventricular HF may represent a unique cohort. Methods We retrospectively evaluated a consecutive cohort of 113 adult, end-stage HF patients at University of California Los Angeles Medical Center who required BIVAD support between 2000 and 2009. Results Survival to transplant was 66.4%, with 1-year actuarial survival of 62.8%. All patients were Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) Level 1 or 2 and received Thoratec (Pleasanton, CA) paracorporeal BIVAD as a bridge to transplant. Univariate analyses showed dialysis use, ventilator use, extracorporal membrane oxygenation use, low cardiac output, preserved LV ejection fraction (restrictive physiology), normal-to-high sodium, low platelet count, low total cholesterol, low high-density and high-density lipoprotein, low albumin, and elevated aspartate aminotransferase were associated with increased risk of death. We generated a scoring system for survival to transplant. Our final model, with age, sex, dialysis, cholesterol, ventilator, and albumin, gave a C-statistic of 0.870. A simplified system preserved a C-statistic of 0.844. Patients were divided into high-risk or highest-risk groups (median respective survival, 367 and 17 days), with strong discrimination between groups for death. Conclusions We have generated a scoring system that offers high prognostic ability for patients requiring BIVAD support and hope that it may assist in clinical decision making. Further studies are needed to prospectively validate our scoring system.
Review of race/ethnicity in non vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants clinical trials

Non vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have advantages relative to traditional vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants and represents an important advance in the management of patients with atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism. Yet it is unclear whether the clinical trials evaluating these agents were inclusive of diverse populations. To assess the inclusion and reporting of race and ethnicity in clinical trials of NOACs across disease states including, atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism, and acute coronary syndromes, we queried PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov for trials of NOACs between 2007 and 2013. We determined the reporting rate and inclusion of the following ethnic groups: whites, blacks, Asians, and Hispanics. We reviewed data from 30 randomized clinical trials of NOACs that enrolled 184,414 patients. Among these trials, 21 (70%) reported race/ethnicity data in the primary manuscript or on ClinicalTrials.gov. Principal investigators provided race/ethnicity data for two additional trials. Enrollment by race included: 109,729 (75.2%) white, 20,901 (14.3%) Asian, 5,718 (3.9%) Hispanic, and 2,941 (2.0%) black. Hispanic ethnicity was only reported in 10 trials. The major clinical trials of NOACs inconsistently reported race/ethnicity and overall black and Hispanic patient enrollment was poor. As such, the relative safety and efficacy of NOACs in minority populations remains uncertain.
Living the scientist-practitioner model in a psychology training clinic

Counselling psychology has long espoused the scientist-practitioner model. An early career counselling psychologist working in a doctoral program as both a faculty member and training clinic director describes his current work setting, his relatively recent scientist-practitioner training, and the ways in which embracing this model promotes a sense of professional identity. He also presents the psychology training clinic as a model professional home for counselling psychologists and scientist-practitioners. Specific strategies for developing and maintaining an integrated identity are reviewed.
Immunohistochemistry of Retinoblastomas in Humans

We examined immunohistochemically the distribution of the neuronal-specific protein enolase (14-3-2) in normal human retina. We also examined the distribution of neuronal-specific enolase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, myelin-associated glycoprotein, and S-100 protein in seven human retinoblastomas. In normal retina neuronal-specific enolase was present in neurons but not in other cell types. The inner segments of cones stained darkly with antiserum to neuronal-specific enolase; the inner segments of rods stained either weakly or not at all. Most small round cells in all seven retinoblastomas studied stained with antiserum to neuronal-specific enolase but Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes stained weakly or not at all. One retinoblastoma contained an area of cells that stained with antibodies to myelin-associated glycoprotein which in normal retina is found only in Muller's cells. Another retinoblastoma had an area of cells that stained with antiserum to glial fibrillary acidic protein, which in normal human retina is present only in astrocytes. All seven retinoblastomas lacked detectable S-100 protein. These results supported the conventional view that retinoblastomas are neuronal tumors although some may contain areas that show astrocytic or Muller's cell differentiation.
Substance P signaling contributes to the vascular and nociceptive abnormalities observed in a tibial fracture rat model of complex regional pain syndrome type I

Wrist and ankle fractures are the most frequent causes of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS type I). The current study examined the temporal development of vascular, nociceptive and bony changes after distal tibial fracture in rats and compared these changes to those observed after cast immobilization in intact normal rats. After baseline testing the right distal tibial was fractured and the hindlimb casted. A control group was simply casted without fracturing the tibia. After 4 weeks the casts were removed and the rats retested. Subsequent testing was performed at 6, 8, 10, 16, and 20 weeks after onset of treatment. Distal tibial fracture or cast immobilization alone generated chronic hindlimb warmth, edema, spontaneous protein extravasation, allodynia, and periarticular osteoporosis, changes resembling those observed in CRPS. Hindlimb warmth and allodynia resolved much more quickly after cast immobilization than after fracture. Previously we observed that the substance P receptor (NK(1)) antagonist LY303870 reversed vascular and nociceptive changes in a sciatic section rat model of CRPS type II. Postulating that facilitated substance P signaling may also contribute to the vascular and nociceptive abnormalities observed after tibial fracture or cast immobilization, we attempted to reverse these changes with LY303870. Hindpaw warmth, spontaneous extravasation, edema, and allodynia were inhibited by LY303870. Collectively, these data support the hypotheses that the distal tibial fracture model simulates CRPS, immobilization alone can generate a syndrome resembling CRPS, and substance P signaling contributes to the vascular and nociceptive changes observed in these models.
ARE CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE U-SHAPED RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RUNNING AND LONGEVITY? THE MASTERS ATHLETIC STUDY

Recent studies have noted a U-shaped relationship between running and longevity. While running was generally associated with increased lifespan, those who ran >20 miles per week did not experience a longer lifespan vs non-runners, possibly due to detrimental cardiac effects of higher mileage