cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Readable Earlier Renaissance: Small Adjustments, Large Changes

“Readability” of several kinds is a problem in Renaissance or early modern literature. One way to enhance the readability of early modern texts is to adjust the (admittedly artificial) period boundary that begins the traditional “Renaissance.” Unlike the historically-based boundaries of regnal years (1485, 1509), a slightly earlier date, 1476, implies a conception of “Renaissance” that takes as its pivotal starting point the establishment of the printing press in England. The earlier date thus refocuses our analysis of the period to systems of production, distribution, and reception that directly create and shape Renaissance literature. Such an adjustment also accomplishes a wider category challenge, since the literature of the early print period is qualitatively different from the more familiar literature of the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods. This essay explains that to shift the starting point of inquiry about “Renaissance” is to challenge the whole period concept and to invite new critical narratives about the period that will make it more “readable” in several senses (legible, historically comprehensible, lisible, literally accessible, etc.). The essay also reviews similar, recent, challenges to other critical concepts in early modern studies: to authorship, genre, theme, canon, method. Such challenges have been generative of greater “readability” and growth in the field.
Rebellion, crime and violence in Qing China, 1722–1911: A topic modeling approach

Abstract Banditry and unrest in eighteenth and nineteenth century China have attracted substantial attention from several generations of researchers. Often, they apply particular ontologies a priori to the source base. Given their reliance on state documents, these studies are subject to the perspectives of record-keepers and their theories of violence. It is particularly difficult to apply fixed definitions to concepts like “banditry” and “unrest”—a problem that applies as much to modern researchers as to our historical informants. To better view the nature of violence in the Qing Dynasty—as routine crime, and as rebellion and unrest—it is important to develop a model of how administrators understood it. Therefore, rather than assuming a fixed set of categories, this study models Qing administrators’ typologies of violence based on the frequencies of term co-occurrence. Based on the term groupings in the model, five topics relate to violent unrest. Each topic accounts for a particular statistical pattern of word use corresponding to patterns of occurrence, observation and recording of related phenomena. These groupings give some insight into the “crime rates” of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and more importantly, these groupings cast light on their understandings of crime, rebellion and unrest.
Left main coronary artery compression in patent ductus arteriosus

1. Robinson L, Sabiston D. Syndrome of congenital internal mammary to pulmonary arteriovenous fistula associated with mitral valve prolapse. Arch Surg 1981;116:1265-73. 2. Brundage B, Gomez A, Cheitlin M, Gmelich J. Systemic artery to pulmonary vessel fistulas. Report of two cases and a review of the literature. Chest 19’72;62:19-23. 3. Hearne S, Burbank M. Internal mammary artery to pulmonary artery fistulas. Case report and review of the literature. Circulation 1980;62:1131-5. 4. Rashkow A, Prokop E, Fazzone P. Systemic pulmonary arterial fistula diagnosed with aid of radionuclide angiography. AM HEART J 1984;108:1562-5. 5. Johnson J, Schmaltz R, Landreneau R, Wright W, Curtis J, Walls J, Nawarawong W. Internal mammary artery graft to pulmonary vasculature fistula: a cause of recurrent angina. Ann Thorac Surg 1990;50:297-8.
Out-of-print, out of mind? A case study of the decision to outsource out-of-print acquisitions

This study addresses the question: Can the specialized process of acquiring out-of-print books be outsourced successfully to private vendors? The study reports the results of a case study of the decision to outsource out-of-print acquisitions at LaGuardia Community College in the City University of New York. Data were collected and analyzed regarding acquisitions costs, fulfillment rate, condition of books received, and overall success of the venture. The study concludes that the benefits of outsourcing outweigh the additional expense of vendor handling charges and suggests that libraries can successfully outsource routine tasks while maintaining control over important acquisitions decisions.
Targeting the Switchable Industrial Customer

This article presents a new approach to target marketing. An industrial market for electrical equipment is segmented on the basis of the strength of current preferences as defined by the probabilities of selecting the various suppliers. A modification of a disaggregate attribute choice model logit is used to identify the firm's “switchable” customers. The “switchable” customers are then targeted by direct personalized mail and visits by a “missionary” sales force. A major supplier of large-scale electrical equipment utilized this methodology with impressive sales results.
Con : All cardiac surgical patients should not have intraoperative cerebral oxygenation monitoring

n T t i s u o t i c r N ORDER FOR the use of a monitor to become a clinical standard of care, it must be shown to be accurate and eliable. The data provided by the monitor must allow interentions that result in improvement in outcomes. Although the oal of monitoring cerebral oxygenation is appealing, a careful onsideration of the current state of the art suggests that the vailable technology is not quite ready for “prime time.” Cerebral oximetry is based on the Lambert-Beer law, which tates that light transmission through a solution is dependent on he density or concentration of absorbing molecules in the olution and the path length.1 It relies on the fact that oxygented and deoxygenated hemoglobin have characteristic absorance spectra to different wavelengths of light. The skin, skull, nd other biological tissues are relatively transparent to the ear-infrared wavelengths of light, allowing transmission to the eeper cerebral tissues. Two different monitors have been used n the vast majority of published studies: the INVOS series Somanetics Corp, Troy, MI) and the NIRO 500/1000 Hamamatsu Photonics, UK). The types of light emitters and etectors differ between these 2 oximeters. The INVOS is nown as a “saturation monitor.” It measures the ratio of emoglobin and oxyhemoglobin by using a single light-emiting diode, transmitting infrared light at 2 wavelengths (724 and 10 nm) with 2 silicon photodiodes as light detectors.2 By easuring ratios, the optical path length factors out of the quation and can generally be ignored. The detectors are placed t 3 and 4 cm from the light source. The transmitted light is hought to take a “banana-shaped” pathway through the skull oward the detectors. The closer detector is supposed to detect ight that is reflected and transmitted primarily through the uperficial extracranial tissues. The distal detector is thought to eceive light from both the superficial and deeper cerebral ontents. Subtraction of the shallow from the deep signal theretically results in a signal reflected predominantly from brain issue. The INVOS monitor displays a single numeric value which is unitless) termed the “regional hemoglobin oxygen aturation (rSO2) index.” The NIRO 500 is a relative concentration monitor, with 4 ulsed laser diodes that produce near-infrared light in the range f 775, 825, 850, and 905 nm.3 Concentration monitors have he capability of measuring the amount of oxyglobin and reuced hemoglobin, as well as oxidized cytochrome aa.3 Some onitors even have the ability to measure cerebral blood volme. Laser diodes deliver near-infrared light with more preci-
What’s Wrong with this Criticism

One of the endearing traits of Asher Peres is that when somebody publishes something he knows to be wrong, he does not bother to refute it, even if the paper criticizes his own work. Life is too brief for such frivolity. As a small 70th birthday present I would like to answer one such recent attack. It’s not much of a present, since Asher will not read my paper. Why should he? He already knows this criticism is nonsense. But somebody has to set the written record straight for future historians, so I will do it as part of this celebration. Fortunately this particular issue is so easily settled that this can be a very short paper. Since Asher is a master of the very short paper, my Peresian brevity is an important part of my act of homage. The criticism I address can be found in a new formulation by Karl Hess and Walter Philipp(1) of their view that all versions of Bell’s theorem are fundamentally flawed. I focus here only on their criticism of the version in Asher’s book.(2)
Genetic Deletion of gadd45b, a Regulator of Active DNA Demethylation, Enhances Long-Term Memory and Synaptic Plasticity

Dynamic epigenetic mechanisms including histone and DNA modifications regulate animal behavior and memory. While numerous enzymes regulating these mechanisms have been linked to memory formation, the regulation of active DNA demethylation (i.e., cytosine-5 demethylation) has only recently been investigated. New discoveries aim toward the Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45 (Gadd45) family, particularly Gadd45b, in activity-dependent demethylation in the adult CNS. This study found memory-associated expression of gadd45b in the hippocampus and characterized the behavioral phenotype of gadd45b −/− mice. Results indicate normal baseline behaviors and initial learning but enhanced persisting memory in mutants in tasks of motor performance, aversive conditioning and spatial navigation. Furthermore, we showed facilitation of hippocampal long-term potentiation in mutants. These results implicate Gadd45b as a learning-induced gene and a regulator of memory formation and are consistent with its potential role in active DNA demethylation in memory.
Monarchianism and Photinus of Sirmium as the Persistent Heretical Face of the Fourth Century

The Psychomachia of the fifth-century Latin poet Prudentius provides a straight-forward portrait of heresy generally shared in the west: The wolf, with gory jaws, conceals himself in a soft fleece, Counterfeiting milk-white sheep while carrying on bloody murders by devouring lambs.It is by this means that Photinus and Arrius disguise themselves, those wolves so wild and savage.
Convolution computation on shift switching buses

Presents a novel VLSI architecture for highly parallel computation of the convolution of two vectors of N integers, each consisting of m bits. We adopt a newly proposed switching mechanism that we call 'shift switching' to achieve a time performance gain. Our algorithm takes total of log N broadcasts, one of them over 15 switches the others over N/2 switches, plus 4 carry-save additions and 2 fast additions. It significantly improves the time performance for the convolution computation for N/spl les/2/sup 7/ and m/spl les/15, while our architecture requires roughly the same amount of hardware as that of an existing highly parallel convolver. >
Are leaf chemistry signatures preserved at the canopy level

Imaging spectrometers have the potential to be very useful in remote sensing of canopy chemistry constituents such as nitrogen and lignin. In this study under the HIRIS project the question of how leaf chemical composition which is reflected in leaf spectral features in the reflectance and transmittance is affected by canopy architecture was investigated. Several plants were modeled with high fidelity and a radiosity model was used to compute the canopy spectral signature over the visible and near infrared. The authors found that chemical constituent specific signatures such as absorptions are preserved and in the case of low absorption are actually enhanced. For moderately dense canopies the amount of a constituent depends also on the total leaf area. >
A selective membrane estrogen receptor agonist maintains autonomic functions in hypoestrogenic states.

Abstract It is well known that many of the actions of estrogens in the central nervous system are mediated via intracellular receptor/transcription factors that interact with steroid response elements on target genes. But there is also a compelling evidence for the involvement of membrane estrogen receptors in hypothalamic and other CNS functions. However, it is not well understood how estrogens signal via membrane receptors, and how these signals impact not only membrane excitability but also gene transcription in neurons. Indeed, it has been known for sometime that estrogens can rapidly alter neuronal activity within seconds, indicating that some cellular effects can occur via membrane delimited events. In addition, estrogens can affect second messenger systems including calcium mobilization and a plethora of kinases within neurons to alter cellular functions. Therefore, this brief review will summarize our current understanding of rapid membrane-initiated and intracellular signaling by estrogens in the hypothalamus, the nature of receptors involved and how these receptors contribute to maintenance of homeostatic functions, many of which go awry in menopausal states. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Hormone Therapy .
Modulation by thyroid status of hepatic low Km phosphodiesterase.

The effects of thyroid status on the activity of hepatic cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) were studied in the rat. Male rats were rendered hyperthyroid by treatment with T3 or hypothyroid by treatment with propylthiouracil. The hepatic particulate low Km PDE was solubilized, and its activity was measured at concentrations of 0.12–1.3 μM cAMP. The Km decreased in hypothyroidism and tended to increase in hyperthyroidism with respect to individual controls. The maximal velocity (Vmax) was unaffected by changes in thyroid status. The increases in Km correlated with increasing plasma T3, whereas the Vmax did not. Concentrations of cAMP increased in the livers from hyperthyroid rats and decreased in those from hypothyroid, in comparison with euthyroid rat livers. The effects of thyroid status on various aspects of hepatic lipid metabolism reported from this laboratory may, in part, have resulted from alterations in hepatic cAMP concentrations. These alterations, may have resulted secondarily from changes in the act...
Supporting Family Adaptation to Presymptomatic and “Untreatable” Conditions in an Era of Expanded Newborn Screening

Objective As technology advances, newborn screening will be possible for conditions not screened today. With an expansion of screening, strategies will be needed to support family adaptation to unexpected and possibly uncertain genetic information provided shortly after birth. Method Although candidate conditions for expanded newborn screening will typically be associated with increased morbidity or mortality, for most there is no proven medical treatment that must be implemented quickly. Many will have clinical features that gradually emerge and for which the severity of impact is not predictable. Parents will seek guidance on information, support, and treatment possibilities. This article summarizes issues evoked by expanded newborn screening and suggests strategies for supporting families of identified children. Results We propose four components necessary to support family adaptation to pre-symptomatic and ‘‘untreatable’’ conditions in an era of expanded newborn screening: (1) accurate and understandable information; (2) formal and informal support; (3) active surveillance; and (4) general and targeted interventions. We argue that no condition is ‘‘untreatable’’ and that a well-designed program of prevention and support has the potential to maximize benefit and minimize harm. Conclusions Pediatric psychologists can play important roles in an era of expanded newborn screening by helping families understand genetic information, make informed decisions about genetic testing, and cope with the potential psychosocial consequences of genetic information.
Dynamic acceleration of multithreaded program critical paths in near-threshold systems

Near-Threshold Computing (NTC) is an effective technique to improve energy efficiency. However, single thread performance can suffer dramatically in NTC systems as cores must be run at low frequency to ensure proper operation. A potential way to solve this problem is to accelerate a core for a short period of time using dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS). This fast-mode execution option must be selectively applied so as to not sacrifice the overall efficiency of the NTC system. To this end, this paper presents a novel software framework to improve the performance of multithreaded programs through smart scheduling of the fast mode cores. Our framework statically analyzes a target application and instruments dynamic monitoring and priority management code into the program. At runtime, the probabilistic scheduler assigns the cores to the fast mode according to the priority set by the instrumented code. In this way, the program critical path is dynamically accelerated by spending more time in the fast mode so that the overall performance gets improved.
Calibration of SIR-C data products

The SIR-C/X-SAR imaging radar flew on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in April and October of 1994. This multi-frequency radar has fully polarimetric capability at L- and C-band, and a single polarization at X-band (XSAR). Analysis of data collected during the two missions reveals that the SIR-C system performed better than expected in terms of image quality and calibration. The cross-talk and phase stability of both systems has been exceptionally good. Calibration of polarimetric L- and C-band data for all the different modes SIR-C offers has been achieved by analysis of pre-flight test data to come up with a model of the system, analysis of in-flight test data to determine the actual antenna pattern and gains of the system during operation, and analysis of data from calibration sites distributed around the SIR-C/X-SAR orbit track. The SIR-C missions are the first multi-frequency polarimetric imaging radar employing a phased array antenna flown in space. The objectives of flying two missions in one year included the study of seasonal changes in the Earth's environment. In this paper, calibration results from both SIR-C/X-SAR missions are presented.
Pseudolocality of the Ricci Flow Under Integral Bound of Curvature

We prove a pseudolocality type theorem for compact Ricci flows under local integral bounds on curvature. The main tool we use here is the local Ricci flow introduced by Deane Yang and the pseudolocality theorem due to Perelman. We also prove a theorem on the extension of the local Ricci flow.
Pediatric orbital roof fractures

Isolated orbital roof fractures are rare. In the pediatric population, however, the lack of pneumatized frontal sinuses makes them more susceptible to such injuries. In evaluating these injuries, maxillofacial computed tomography is a necessary adjunct to a complete history and physical evaluation. Based on the relative position of bone fragments, orbital roof fractures can be classified as non-displaced, blowout, or blow-in. While many patients can be safely managed with careful observation. Symptoms such as extraocular entrapment, vertical dystopia, diplopia, or cerebrospinal fluid leak may require surgery. Many different approaches to the orbital roof are available; selection needs to be made based on surgeon experience and location of injury. Cooperation between neurosurgery, ophthalmology and head and neck surgery are essential to optimize the care for these patients.
Comparative Reproductive Energetics of Human and Nonhuman Primates

Primates as a group exhibit high reproductive costs, departing in numerous ways from expectations derived from other mammals. Yet, there is also substantial life-history variation within primates that affects the costs of producing offspring and how these costs are distributed over time. Whereas general phylogenetic and allometric trends are well established, issues regarding the mechanisms that regulate energy allocations remain unresolved. This review examines reproductive energetics across primates, placing them in context with other mammals and comparing how reproductive processes change as body and brain size increase. The three major stages of reproduction (conception, pregnancy, and lactation) are examined along with the reproductive adaptations that facilitate them: breeding seasonality, placental formation, breast milk production, body fat, and communal breeding. Throughout, this review examines how comparative primate energetics can help illuminate the unique adaptations that allow humans to pro...
Review of Cation Ordering in Micas

Long-range ordering of tetrahedral cations in micas is favored by phengitic compositions, by the 3T stacking sequence of layers, and by tetrahedral Si:Al ratios near 1:1. Phengites of the 1M, 2M1, and 2M2 polytypes are said to show partial ordering of tetrahedral cations, although the amounts of tetrahedral substitutions are small and the accuracies of determination are not as large as desired. The 3T structures of muscovite, paragonite, lepidolite, and protolithionite show tetrahedral ordering, as do the 2M1 brittle micas margarite and an intermediate between margarite and bityite. Muscovite-3T and margarite-2M1 are also slightly phengitic relative to their ideal compositions. Examples of octahedral cation ordering in micas are more abundant and are to be expected when cations of different size and charge are present. Octahedron M(1) with its OH,F groups in the trans orientation tends to be larger than the mean of the two cis octahedra as a result of the ordering of cations and vacancies. In some samples ordering has reduced the true symmetry to a subgroup of that of the ideal space group. If ordering in subgroup symmetry results in ordered patterns of different geometries but similar energies in very small domains, the average over all unit cells may simulate long-range disorder.
Using Scaffolds in Problem-Based Hypermedia.

This study investigated the use of scaffolds in problem-based hypermedia. Three hundred and twelve undergraduate stu dents enrolled in a computer literacy course worked in project teams to use a problem-based, hypermedia program focused on designing a personal computer. The program included content scaffolds, metacognitive scaffolds, or no scaffolds. Results revealed that posttest scores for students who re
Current Trends in Patients' Adoption of Advanced E-Health Services

This paper presents a fine-grained, longitudinal analysis of demographic factors contributing to adoption by patients of advanced e-health services in the areas of transaction, communication, and personal support. The research uses Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), conducted in 2003, 2005, and 2007 by the U.S. National Cancer Institute. The findings show that while use of advanced e-health services is increasing overall, adoption trends vary substantially by service and by patients' demographic characteristics.
The First Amendment and Non-Political Speech: Exploring a Constitutional Model that Focuses on the Existence of Alternative Channels of Communication

"The First Amendment and Non-Political Speech: Exploring a Constitutional Model That Focuses on the Existence of Alternative Channels of Communication" formulates a constitutional theory that distinguishes political from non-political speech, and then sets out the parameters under which the latter (e.g., violent and indecent media entertainment) can be regulated. In calling for the need to differentiate between political and non-political expression, the article examines the subtle ways in which current "content-neutral" doctrines actually infringe more on political speech than on media entertainment. For instance, the time-manner-place doctrine has lately been used to effectively quarantine political protestors into fenced-in holding pens. However, since media entertainment is not tied to any particular place or event, as is political protest, it remains essentially unscathed by time-manner-place regulations. A constitutional distinction between political and non-political speech is necessary not only to ensure that the former receives the highest constitutional protections, but to allow reasonable boundaries to be placed on certain types of media entertainment found to be harmful to minors. The key component to the First Amendment model articulated in the enclosed article actually derives from the time-manner-place doctrine. This component permits regulation of certain non-political speech - e.g., speech meeting a four-part test - as long as such regulation does not cause a complete suppression of the speech within the social communications marketplace as a whole. Thus, if the speech is to be regulated in one venue, alternative communication venues must exist in which that speech can be accessed by willing adults.
Malware analysis with tree automata inference

The underground malware-based economy is flourishing and it is evident that the classical ad-hoc signature detection methods are becoming insufficient. Malware authors seem to share some source code and malware samples often feature similar behaviors, but such commonalities are difficult to detect with signature-based methods because of an increasing use of numerous freelyavailable randomized obfuscation tools. To address this problem, the security community is actively researching behavioral detection methods that commonly attempt to understand and differentiate how malware behaves, as opposed to just detecting syntactic patterns. We continue that line of research in this paper and explore how formal methods and tools of the verification trade could be used for malware detection and analysis. We propose a new approach to learning and generalizing from observed malware behaviors based on tree automata inference. In particular, we develop an algorithm for inferring k-testable tree automata from system call dataflow dependency graphs and discuss the use of inferred automata in malware recognition and classification.
Dynamics and Peer Effects of Brand Revenue in College Sports

Branding plays a key role in attracting corporate sponsorship and raising revenue for the multi-billion dollar business of college sports. In this paper, we study the peer effects of brand performance in the dynamic revenue evolution of major college sports teams that play in the National Collegiate Athletic Association conferences. To examine the peer effects for each conference, we propose a novel model that can identify conference-specific peer effects in the setting of the dynamic evolution of brand revenue. Our estimation results reveal significant positive peer effects in four major conferences — Big 12, Big Ten, Southeast Conference, and Pacific-12 — indicating that teams benefit from playing in a conference with teams of strong brands. Our approach also sheds light on the effect of conference switches on a team’s brand revenue. By constructing the counterfactual brand revenue trajectory of not switching conferences for a switched team, we show the difference between the counterfactual trajectory and the actual brand revenue evolution after switch, which quantifies the effect of a conference switch. We also study the case where a team had considered but did not make a conference switch.
GM Foods: Potential Public Consultation and Participation Mechanisms

One direct mechanism for improving public confidence in genetically modified foods may be to provide a greater role for the public in making policy decisions about such products. There are compelling normative and practical reasons for involving the public in such decisions. Yet, effective and meaningful public participation is made difficult by several factors, most importantly the lack of knowledge by most members of the public about scientific subjects, including biotechnology. A number of mechanisms for public participation exist, but most suffer from one of two principal limitations. Either they provide for only a small number of participants, usually representatives of interest groups, or they provide for widespread public participation but have no means for ensuring that the public input is informed. The recently completed national debate on GM foods in the United Kingdom illustrates many of the difficulties in providing for informed and effective public participation. New innovative approaches, such as on-line deliberations, are needed to achieve the goal of meaningful public participation in science-based policy decisions about genetically modified foods.
Assessing Structural Quality Elements of Pediatric Emergency Care.

Background and ObjectiveEmergency departments must have appropriate resources and equipment available to meet the unique needs of children. We assessed the availability of stakeholder-endorsed quality structure performance measures for pediatric emergency department patients.MethodsA survey of Child
Ultrastructure of cell division and reproductive differentiation of male plants in theFlorideophyceae (Rhodophyta). Mitosis inDasya baillouviana

Mitosis in the marine red algaDasya baillouviana (Ceramiales, Florideophyceae) was observed with the electron microscope. Most details of the process are quite similar to those observed in the other macroscopic red algae studied to date. However, some minor variations were noted. At late prophase a very small nuclear envelope protrusion (NEP) is formed at each division pole subjacent to the “nucleus associated organelle” known as the polar ring (PR) and 2–3 cisternae of perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum (PER) are commonly present during metaphase-anaphase. In contrast, in the other florideophycean algae where mitosis has been reported, a prominent NEP is present at late prophase (McDonald personal communication,Scott et al. 1980) and only a single cisterna of PER is observed. Additionally, during mid-late interphase and in mitotically-quiescent cells ofDasya, a single cisterna of smooth-surfaced ER is always juxtaposed with each PR. The possible significance of PER in theFlorideophyceae and other multinucleate organisms is discussed as well as the likely functions of spindle-associated smooth ER. It is suggested that ultrastructural features of mitosis should be useful as criteria to aid in the interpretation of the phylogeny of red algae.
Racial and Low-Income Quotas in Brazilian Universities: Impact on Academic Performance

This paper examines the impact of racial and low-income quotas on academic performance considering all public and private universities in Brazil. Using data from the National Examination of Student Performance (ENADE) conducted in 2012, the results indicate that there is no statistically significant difference in academic performance between students admitted under the racial quota and those who had the regular admission (non-quota students). The impact is positive, however, for students from the North region of Brazil and among those with very low family income, whereas a negative impact is observed for those from the Central-West region. In regards to the low-income quota, quota students perform worse than eligible non-quota students as their scores are, on average, 14% lower. Similar findings are observed when different subsamples are considered.
Influence of Tool Diameter and Abrasive Particle Size on Surface Roughness in Micro Mill-Grinding

Micro mill-grinding is a novel machining technology with characters of micro milling and micro grinding.To provide theoretical support and data reference for parameters optimization of the micro mill-grinding tools,different materials were machined with the cubic boron nitride micro millgrinding tools.The influence of the tool diameter and abrasive particle size on workpiece surface quality were analyzed and compared with those of micro milling.The results show that if appropriate tool parameters are used in micro mill-grinding,submicron surface roughness will be obtained and it is better than that machined by micro milling.Smaller particle size or larger tool diameter will make surface quality better to some extend in micro mill-grinding,and the influence of particle size on surface roughness is more significant.
Management of the Papillae During Intrarenal Surgery

AbstractThe intersegmental nature of renal incisions is axiomatic. Deviation from the intersegmented plane is hazardous. If divided along intra-arterial planes papillae appear to heal with little structural or functional impairment.
In Vitro Stability of Ranitidine Hydrochloride in Enteral Nutrient Formulas

Objective:To determine the chemical stability and physical compatibility of ranitidine in enteral nutrient formulas.Measurements:A stability-indicating HPLC assay was used to measure the recovery of ranitidine from tablet (dissolved in water) or syrup after up to 24 hours of in vitro incubation in a variety of enteral nutrient formulas. Ranitidine binding to components of the formulas was measured after ultrafiltration.Results:Eight enteral nutrient formulas were studied, and more than 90% of added ranitidine was recovered from each formula after 24 hours. The amount of ranitidine bound to components of the formulas varied between 8% and 29%. No gross physical incompatibilities were seen and the pH of each formula changed by less than 0.1 pH units over 24 hours.Conclusions:Ranitidine from either tablet or syrup was stable in the enteral nutrient formulas studied. Administration of ranitidine by admixture into these enteral formulas may be feasible.
Caught Half Off the Earth in Ecstasy: The Poems

The tentative quality of the conclusion to the Stecher Trilogy indicates Williams’s desire to remain consistent to his dictum ‘no ideas but in things’. To impose a sense of open marriage on the relationship of Gurlie and Joe would be to indicate a prejudice for the ‘idea’ and so ignore the accumulation of facts which had detailed the protagonists’ lives. The drama of the Trilogy is that of the shifting terms in a hierarchy in which the balance of identities is but fleetingly seen and as quickly lost. It is the relationship of Charlie and Flossie, significantly beginning with their acknowledgement of each other’s identity: ‘[t]hey walked apart’, which tentatively evokes the attainment of such fellowship and love (BU 3). These novels indicate not alone Williams’s faith that blossoming is the effect of balanced relationships but also his understanding of one’s self as a complex and, therefore, potentially flexible being.
Hypertensive emergency presenting with an isolated celiac artery dissection: A rare case study.

Introduction To our knowledge the most recent article on celiac dissection was published in 2015 and reported 24 known cases of spontaneous isolated celiac trunk dissection [2]. While some of those cases reported hypertension as a risk factor, no other case presents as hypertensive emergency with an isolated celiac artery dissection.
A Method Dependence Relations Guided Genetic Algorithm

Search based test generation approaches have already been shown to be effective for generating test data that achieves high code coverage for object-oriented programs. In this paper, we present a new search-based approach, called GAMDR, that uses a genetic algorithm (GA) to generate test data. GAMDR exploits method dependence relations (MDR) to narrow down the search space and direct mutation operators to the most beneficial regions for achieving high branch coverage. We compared GAMDR’s effectiveness with random testing, EvoSuite, and a simple GA. The tests generated by GAMDR achieved higher branch coverage.
Cross-Disciplinary Analysis of Lymph Node Classification in Lung Cancer on CT Scanning.

Background Accurate and consistent regional lymph node classification is an important element in the staging and multidisciplinary management of lung cancer. Regional lymph node definition sets—lymph node maps—have been created to standardize regional lymph node classification. In 2009, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) introduced a lymph node map to supersede all preexisting lymph node maps. Our aim was to study if and how lung cancer specialists apply the IASLC lymph node map when classifying thoracic lymph nodes encountered on CT scans during lung cancer staging. Methods From April 2013 through July 2013, invitations were distributed to all members of the Fleischner Society, Society of Thoracic Radiology, General Thoracic Surgical Club, and the American Association of Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology to participate in an anonymous online image-based and text-based 20-question survey regarding lymph node classification for lung cancer staging on CT imaging. Results Three hundred thirty-seven people responded (approximately 25% participation). Respondents consisted of self-reported thoracic radiologists (n = 158), thoracic surgeons (n = 102), and pulmonologists who perform endobronchial ultrasonography (n = 77). Half of the respondents (50%; 95% CI, 44%-55%) reported using the IASLC lymph node map in daily practice, with no significant differences between subspecialties. A disparity was observed between the IASLC definition sets and their interpretation and application on CT scans, in particular for lymph nodes near the thoracic inlet, anterior to the trachea, anterior to the tracheal bifurcation, near the ligamentum arteriosum, between the bronchus intermedius and esophagus, in the internal mammary space, and adjacent to the heart. Conclusions Use of older lymph node maps and inconsistencies in interpretation and application of definitions in the IASLC lymph node map may potentially lead to misclassification of stage and suboptimal management of lung cancer in some patients.
Towards species identification of the bathyal octopod Graneledone (Mollusca: Cephalopoda)

ABSTRACTThe number of skin warts has traditionally been cited as a means of separating species in the benthic octopod genus Graneledone, but species-level taxonomy has been problematic since the discovery of a second population. We investigated whether the distribution of skin warts can simply and reliably distinguish similar species by comparing North-east Pacific specimens of Graneledone and North-west Atlantic specimens of G. verrucosa. Two characters, the presence/absence of warts at the posterior tip of the dorsal mantle and the position of the most distal arm wart quantified by the arm sucker number, separate the species. The absence of warts from the distal arms, the third arm pair, and from the lateral web (Sector C) appears to separate these species from congeners based on literature information. Wart distribution may effectively distinguish species throughout the genus, accomplishing the necessary first step in furthering our knowledge of deep-sea biodiversity and reconstructing phylogenetic rel...
Science Shops and the U.S. Research University: A Path for Community-Engaged Scholarship and Disruption of the Power Dynamics of Knowledge Production

The purpose of this chapter is to examine how science shops, institutional intermediaries that coordinate and execute community-engaged research, can foster a culture of critical civic engagement and disrupt the power dynamics of “expertise” inherent in traditional models of university-based scientific research. The authors argue that a science shop model that fully incorporates principled engagement with communities in equitable research partnerships could make important strides towards disrupting traditional hierarchical modes of knowledge production and reshaping academic scientific culture. The establishment of an environmentally focused science shop at the University of California, Berkeley in 2013 is described as a case study. The authors describe a project conducted by this science shop and highlight how it helped a small community organization working towards habitat conservation and enabled an undergraduate student to understand how to connect research with social change.
The protoscience of cybersecurity

I argue that marking a proper distinction between two types of research in the cybersecurity field obviates the present debate concerning a “science of cybersecurity.” Once the terminology has been...
Early alterations in soleus GLUT-4, glucose transport, and glycogen in voluntary running rats

Voluntary wheel running (WR) by juvenile female rats was used as a noninterventional model of soleus muscle functional overload to study the regulation of insulin-stimulated glucose transport activ...
Signal-Quality Balancing and Dispersion-Tolerance Enhancement Using Multi-Channel-Coded Modulation for Short-Reach Optical Transmission

We propose Walsh-coded PAM that moderates the signal-quality imbalance between WDM channels and enhances the total performance in multi-lane transmissions. Simulation and transmission experiment results show that the proposed technique improves the chromatic-dispersion tolerance in multi-channel-coded IM-DD transmissions.
Nurse Executives Leading Change to Improve Critical Access Hospital Outcomes: A Literature Review with Research-Informed Recommendations

Background and Purpose: Nurses have been called to lead the transformation of health care to provide more efficient, safe, high quality care. However, little is known about how to prepare and enable critical access hospital (CAH) nurse executives to lead change. Research indicates that Magnet ® -designated hospitals have significantly better patient and organizational outcomes as compared to non-Magnet hospitals. The purpose of this study was to synthesize challenges faced by CAH nurse executives and provide research-informed recommendations for leading change to achieve Magnet standards in CAHs. Sample and Methods: A review of the literature was conducted to understand the historical development of CAHs and to identify challenges faced by CAH nurse executives. CINAHL, PubMed, and the Rural Health Information Hub databases were searched for relevant peer-reviewed studies and expert commentary published in English from 2007 to 2016. Thirty-four articles were synthesized. Findings: CAH nurse executives face significant challenges to ensuring their hospitals are providing high quality care including: (a) recruitment, retention, and appropriate staffing ratios; (b) the need for nursing staff with multispecialist knowledge; (c) fewer baccalaureate-prepared nurses; and (d) lack of financial and human resources to support new graduate nurse transition, continuing education, and evidence-based practice. Recommendations for CAH nurse executives seeking to achieve Magnet standards were developed from interviews with healthcare professionals ( N = 27) at the first independent CAH to achieve Magnet designation. Conclusions: CAH nurse executives may consider the Magnet standards as a blueprint for leading change to improve organizational outcomes. Consideration should be given to: (a) securing administrative leadership support; (b) strategically planning for small, incremental change; (c) building shared governance, quality improvement, research, and education; (d) harnessing collective power; and (e) believing and staying committed to the purpose of improving staff and patient outcomes. Keywords : Critical access hospital, Leading change, Magnet, Nurse executive, Quality outcomes Acknowledgements: The authors thank Dr. Kristin Stegenga, Dr. Robert Lee, Dr. Sally Barhydt, and Jennifer Nelson-Brantley for their review of the manuscript. Dr. Nelson-Brantley obtained written permission from the CNO of Waverly Health Center to use the hospital name in this published manuscript. Conflicts of Interest and Source of Funding: Dr. Nelson-Brantley received funding for this study from the Taunton Scholars program and the Delta Chapter of Sigma Theta Tau International. No conflicts of interest are declared by the authors. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14574/ojrnhc.v18i1.510
Estimating the Half-life of Advertisements

The effectiveness of an advertisement wears out over time; eventually, it becomes totally ineffective. The author proposes a concept for measuring the lifetime of an advertisement and derives closed-form expressions for it under certain conditions. In addition, the author distinguishes the proposed concept, the half-life of an advertisement, from the prevalent notion of the duration of advertising effects. More importantly, the information on the half-life of ads is actionable from a managerial standpoint, whereas that on the duration of advertising effect is hypothetical. To enable advertisers to estimate the half-life of their ads, the author describes an estimation approach and illustrates its use by applying it to the advertising of the Dockers® brand of Levi Strauss and Company. Substantively, the lifetime of advertisements for the Dockers® brand is about three months. Thus, advertisers are well-advised to periodically estimate the half-life of their ads, so that they can plan the timing to replace worn out advertisements.
Ultrastructural Studies of Developing Pulmonary Alveolar Septal Elastin

Eighteen fetal lambs have been studied at six different gestational ages ranging from 90 days to term. At 90 days gestation, only the microfibrillar component of elastin is present in pulmonary alveolar septal elastic fibers. The amorphous component appears at 110 days and gradually increases in amount, relative to microfibrils. At term (150 days), the composition of the pulmonary alveolar septal elastin resembles that of the adult ewe.
Macroscopic observation of soil nitrification kinetics impacted by copper nanoparticles: Implications for micronutrient nanofertilizer

The potential agricultural use of metal nanoparticles (NPs) for slow-release micronutrient fertilizers is beginning to be investigated by both industry and regulatory agencies. However, the impact of such NPs on soil biogeochemical cycles is not clearly understood. In this study, the impact of commercially-available copper NPs on soil nitrification kinetics was investigated via batch experiments. The X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy analysis showed that the NPs readily oxidized to Cu(II) and were strongly retained in soils with minimum dissolution (<1% of total mass). The Cu2+ (aq) at 1 mg/L showed a beneficial effect on the nitrification similar to the control: an approximately 9% increase in the average rate of nitrification kinetics (Vmax). However Vmax was negatively impacted by ionic Cu at 10 to 100 mg/L and CuNP at 1 to 100 mg/L. The copper toxicity of soil nitrifiers seems to be critical in the soil nitrification processes. In the CuNP treatment, the suppressed nitrification kinetics was observed at 1 to 100 mg/kg and the effect was concentration dependent at ≥10 mg/L. The reaction products as the results of surface oxidation such as the release of ionic Cu seem to play an important role in suppressing the nitrification process. Considering the potential use of copper NPs as a slow-release micronutrient fertilizer, further studies are needed in heterogeneous soil systems.