cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Peri-procedural interrupted oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation ablation: comparison of aspirin, warfarin, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban.

Aims Atrial fibrillation ablation requires peri-procedural oral anticoagulation (OAC) to prevent thromboembolic events. There are several options for OAC. We evaluate peri-procedural AF ablation complications using a variety of peri-procedural OACs. Methods and results We examined peri-procedural OAC and groin, bleeding, and thromboembolic complications for 2334 consecutive AF ablations using open irrigated-tip radiofrequency (RF) catheters. Pre-ablation OAC was warfarin in 1113 (47.7%), dabigatran 426 (18.3%), rivaroxaban 187 (8.0%), aspirin 472 (20.2%), and none 136 (5.8%). Oral anticoagulation was always interrupted and intraprocedural anticoagulation was unfractionated heparin (activated clotting time, ACT = 237 ± 26 s). Pre- and post-OAC drugs were the same for 1591 (68.2%) and were different for 743 (31.8%). Following ablation, 693 (29.7%) were treated with dabigatran and 291 (12.5%) were treated with rivaroxaban. There were no problems changing from one OAC pre-ablation to another post-ablation. Complications included 12 (0.51%) pericardial tamponades [no differences for dabigatran ( P = 0.457) or rivaroxaban ( P = 0.163) compared with warfarin], 12 (0.51%) groin complications [no differences for rivaroxaban ( P = 0.709) and fewer for dabigatran ( P = 0.041) compared with warfarin]. Only 5 of 2334 (0.21%) required blood transfusions. There were two strokes (0.086%) and no transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs) in the first 48 h post-ablation. Three additional strokes (0.13%), and two TIAs (0.086%) occurred from 48 h to 30 days. Only one stroke had a residual deficit. Compared with warfarin, the neurologic event rate was not different for dabigatran ( P = 0.684) or rivaroxaban ( P = 0.612). Conclusion Using interrupted OAC, low target intraprocedural ACT, and irrigated-tip RF, the rate of peri-procedural groin, haemorrhagic, and thromboembolic complications was extremely low. There were only minimal differences between OACs. Low-risk patients may remain on aspirin/no OAC pre-ablation. There are no problems changing from one OAC pre-ablation to another post-ablation.
Motion compensation for ultra wide band SAR

The character of ultra wide band (UWB) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data acquired from an airborne platform invalidates most conventional SAR batch processing algorithms. This paper describes an algorithm that combines wavenumber domain processing with a procedure that enables motion compensation to be applied as a function of target range and azimuth angle. First, data are processed with nominal motion compensation applied, partially focusing the image, then the motion compensation of individual subpatches is refined. The results show that the proposed algorithm is effective in compensating for deviations from a straight flight path, from both a performance and a computational efficiency point of view.
High-Gain, High-Speed ZnO MSM Ultraviolet Photodetectors

High quality zinc oxide (ZnO) films were epitaxially grown on R-plane sapphire substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition at temperatures in the range 350-600°C. In-situ nitrogen compensation doping was performed using NH3. The metalsemiconductor-metal ultraviolet-sensitive photodetectors were fabricated on nitrogencompensation-doped epitaxial ZnO films. The photoresponsivity of these devices exhibits a linear dependence upon bias voltage up to 10 V, with a photoresponsivity of 400 A/W at 5 V. The rise and fall times are 1 and 1.5 μs, respectively.
Dissolved organic carbon in streams from artificially drained and intensively farmed watersheds in Indiana, USA

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in streams draining hydrologically modified and intensively farmed watersheds has not been well examined, despite the importance of these watersheds to water quality issues and the potential of agricultural soils to sequester carbon. We investigated the dynamics of DOC for 14 months during 2006 and 2007 in 6 headwater streams in a heavily agricultural and tile-drained landscape in the midwestern US. We also monitored total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) in the streams and tile drains. The concentrations of DOC in the streams and tile drains ranged from approximately 1–6 mg L−1, while concentrations of TDN, the composition of which averaged >94% nitrate, ranged from 10 mg L−1. Tile drains transported both DOC and TDN to the streams, but tile inputs of dissolved N were diluted by stream water, whereas DOC concentrations were generally greater in the streams than in tile drains. Filamentous algae were dense during summer base flow periods, but did not appear to contribute to the bulk DOC pool in the streams, based on diel monitoring. Short-term laboratory assays indicated that DOC in the streams was of low bioavailability, although DOC from tile drains in summer had bioavailability of 27%. We suggest that these nutrient-rich agricultural streams are well-suited for examining how increased inputs of DOC, a potential result of carbon sequestration in agricultural soils, could influence ecosystem processes.
Seasonal and Regional Variation of Pan-Arctic Surface Air Temperature over the Instrumental Record*

Abstract Instrumental surface air temperature (SAT) records beginning in the late 1800s from 59 Arctic stations north of 64°N show monthly mean anomalies of several degrees and large spatial teleconnectivity, yet there are systematic seasonal and regional differences. Analyses are based on time–longitude plots of SAT anomalies and principal component analysis (PCA). Using monthly station data rather than gridded fields for this analysis highlights the importance of considering record length in calculating reliable Arctic change estimates; for example, the contrast of PCA performed on 11 stations beginning in 1886, 20 stations beginning in 1912, and 45 stations beginning in 1936 is illustrated. While often there is a well-known interdecadal negative covariability in winter between northern Europe and Baffin Bay, long-term changes in the remainder of the Arctic are most evident in spring, with cool temperature anomalies before 1920 and Arctic-wide warm temperatures in the 1990s. Summer anomalies are general...
The Bilingual Brain: Human Evolution and Second Language Acquisition

For the past half-century, psycholinguistic research has concerned itself with two mysteries of human cognition: (1) that children universally acquire a highly abstract, computationally complex set...
Soft Power, Strategic Security, and International Philanthropy

This Article examines a variety of regulatory rules, administrative responses, and legislative actions designed to prevent nonprofit organizations from unwittingly providing support to terrorist groups around the world. A combination of executive orders, legislation, and Treasury guidelines is intended to enhance U.S. security interests, protect American charities from abuse, and ultimately keep U.S. citizens safe by stemming the flow of funds to terrorists. Although these may be laudable goals, the government's approach may actually have the effect of undermining U.S. security interests by inadvertently chilling the flow of charitable dollars overseas to address serious problems - including those associated with the root causes of terrorism - such as extreme poverty, inadequate access to health care, economic development, and poor education systems, to name just a few. The central argument of this Article is that burdens placed on international philanthropy exact more than just administrative costs from U.S. grantmakers; they also exact security costs affecting U.S. interests that have been underappreciated by policy makers. Specifically, foreign grantmaking serves as an ally in the war against terrorism by contributing to public diplomacy efforts supporting a positive image of the United States abroad through international humanitarian relief activities and by generating U.S. soft power used to garner multilateral cooperation in foreign affairs. Only by recognizing and acknowledging international philanthropy's tangible contributions to the national security agenda will the federal government begin to shift its current regulatory approach on overseas grantmaking from focusing exclusively on conceivable charitable abuses by terrorists to a more balanced and strategic response. U.S. policy should balance legitimate and well-founded concerns about terrorist financing while simultaneously ensuring and even encouraging U.S. charities and private foundations to remain engaged in international programs and giving. In other words, international charity should not become a victim of the global fight against terror, but should be treated as a frontline ally.
Automated Demand Response for Smart Buildings and Microgrids: The State of the Practice and Research Challenges

Keeping up with growing electricity demand and ensuring reliable grid operation, as renewable sources reach a large proportion of generation, require end-use facilities—commercial, residential, and industrial—to be sensitive and responsive to grid connections in new ways. Automated demand response (ADR) is widely acknowledged as a key approach. The technology has progressed substantially since early implementations, with worldwide projects and a new standard. Recent applications with grid-integrated buildings and microgrids are extending the functionality, with increasing sophistication of how demand-side load profiles are managed and with integration of distributed storage and generation. This paper reviews the motivation for demand response (DR) and outlines the architectural models, technology infrastructure, and communication and control protocols that are currently in use. Four projects for commercial buildings and microgrids, in the United States, United Kingdom, and China, are described. We also point out limitations of the state of the practice that represent opportunities for research and development. Several research topics are noted, focusing on needs for modeling, optimization, and control, and some preliminary related work is discussed.
Host Specificity of Sameodes albiguttalis in Argentina, a Biological Control Agent for Waterhyacinth

Sameodes albiguttalis (Warren) is highly specific to the plant family Pontederiaceae. In laboratory tests, it laid 60.3% of 13,645 eggs on waterhyacinth, ( Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms), and 33.3% on 3 other species of Pontederiaceae; a few eggs were laid on 12 other plants of the 46 species tested. Larvae completed their development and produced adults or pupae only on waterhyacinth or occasionally on Eichhornia azurea (Swartz) Kunth and Pontederia cordata L. in the laboratory. However, in the field, larvae and pupae of S. albiguttalis were collected only from waterhyacinth and occasionally from E. azurea . Sameodes albiguttalis has never been reported in Argentina on P. cordata or as a pest of any beneficial plant, and it did not damage any beneficial plants tested (except P. cordata in the laboratory). It appears safe for introduction into the U.S. to control waterhyacinth.
Evidence from Horn Morphology on the Phylogenetic Relationships of the Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana)

PEYER, B. 1968. Comparative odontology. Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago, 347 pp. POCOCK, R. I. 1918. On the external characters of the lemurs and of Tarsius. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1918:19-53. ROSE, K. D., A. WALKER, AND L. L. JACOBS. 1981. Function of the mandibular tooth comb in living and extinct mammals. Nature, 289:583-585. ROSENBERGER, A. L., AND E. STRASSER. 1985. Toothcomb origins: support for the grooming hypothesis. Primates, 26:73-84. STEIN, M. R. 1936. The myth of the lemur's comb. Amer. Nat., 70:19-28. TsujI, K., AND I. NARUSE. 1985. Behavior characteristics in the domesticated house musk shrew, Suncus murinus. Pp. 459-475, in Suncus murinus: biology of the laboratory shrew (S. Oda, J. Kitoh, K. Ota, and G. Isomura, eds.). Japan Sci. Soc. Press, Tokyo, 535 pp. WHARTON, C. H. 1950. Notes on the life history of the flying lemur. J. Mamm., 31:269-273. Wi6HRMANN-REPENNING, A. 1984a. Vergleichend anatomische Untersuchungen am Vomeronasalkomplex und am rostralen Gaumen verschiedener Mammalia. Teil I. Gegenbaurs Morphol. Jahrb., 130:501-530 (in German, English summary). 1984b. Vergleichend anatomische Untersuchungen am Vomeronasalkomplex und am rostralen Gaumen verschiedener Mammalia. Teil II. Gegenbaurs Morphol. Jahrb., 130:609-637 (in German, English summary).
Teaching MPA Internships Built on Reflection in Practice

Reflection in practice is a technique long recognized as effective in education. This article discusses the concept of reflection in practice, describes how a master of public administration internship class was designed based on integrating the technique, and presents the specific exercises used to facilitate students' using and learning from the technique. The technique appears to be effective during the internship course. Informal response suggests that students are utilizing this technique more extensively than initially anticipated. Reflection in practice is a useful method of enhancing the internship experience for pre-service and in-service students. Obviously, internships are designed to offer students in professional degree programs experience prior to entering their careers. However, the classroom component that accompanies internships can have value for in-service students as well. The course can require a systematic and structured consideration of a career position and daily professional practice that does not usually take place on a regular basis once individuals become involved in their careers. Reflection in practice is recognized as a useful problem-solving tool, which it is. However, its usefulness can go far beyond that and assist in enhancing performance when used appropriately. The internship experience offers the perfect learning environment in which current and future public administration professionals can learn a performance enhancement technique that can serve them well throughout their careers.
Clopidogrel-Induced Severe Hepatitis: A Case Report and Literature Review

Clopidogrel is a commonly prescribed antiplatelet agent that carries a rare risk of hepatotoxicity. We describe a case of severe clopidogrel-induced hepatitis with liver biopsy assessment. Prompt recognition and withdrawal of the offending agent are imperative to prevent progression and potentially fatal liver injury.
Economic Downturn and Restructuring in the U.S. Banking Sector: United States Report and Questionnaire

The banking sector in the United States continues to work through major restructuring. This report hopes to outline and address some of the key changes with a focus on the years from 2000 to 2010. Special attention is paid to the structure and main features of industrial relations in the banking sector with a particular emphasis on the challenges of the present economic crisis. The banking sector in the United States is still recovering from the crisis and global recession. The banking and finance sector comprises about 8 percent of U.S. GDP. The banking workforce is only 1.4 percent unionized. Industrial Relations and collective bargaining has a small impact on the sector. The Dodd-Frank Act signed by President Barack Obama in July 2010 calls for regulatory reform to prevent future bailouts and consumer protections to taxpayers. As of November 13, 2010 there have been 146 bank failures in the United States in 2010. That is the highest number of failures since the savings and loan crisis of the 1980’s and 1990’s. The crisis in the banking sector is not over and the rules that will help prevent future crises are yet to be written.
High- and low-spin chelate complexes of iron featuring κ-C,X-CH2C6H4X (X = NMe2, PMe2, PPh2) and κ-C,P-CH2PMe2 ligands

Abstract Several C,X-chelate complexes of iron were generated via standard metathetical procedures. Treatment of FeCl2 and LnFeCl2 (L = Me2IPr, n = 1; PMe3, n = 2) with anionic equivalents o-LiCH2C6H4NMe2, o-LiCH2C6H4PPh2, and LiCH2PMe2 led to the preparation of [Fe(o-CH2C6H4NMe2)]2(κ-μ-CH2,N-o-CH2C6H4NMe2)2 (1, X-ray), [fac-Fe(κ-C,P-o-CH2C6H4PPh2)3][Li(TMEDA)2] (2, X-ray), (Me2IPr)Fe(CH2C6H4-o-NMe2)2 (3-C,N), [(Me2IPr)2Fe](μ-κ-C,P-CH2PMe2)2[Fe(κ-C,P-CH2PMe2)2] (4, X-ray), and (PMe3)2Fe(κ-C,P-CH2PMe2)2 (5). CH-Bond activation of cis-(Me3P)4FeMe2 with o-CH3C6H4PMe2 led to the generation of trans,cis-(PMe3)2Fe(κ-C,P-CH2C6H4-o-PMe2)2 (6). Exposure of these compounds to [Cp2Fe][PF6], a 1e− oxidant, or AdN3, here construed as a 2e− oxidant, led to degradation in all cases, usually with the generation of carbon-carbon coupled ligands as byproducts. The inability of these systems to permit access to higher iron oxidation states is discussed.
The Effects of Oil Price on Regional Trade in the United States

This paper studies the effect of the diesel price on trade flows across space within the United States. Using a structural gravity model with spatially autocorrelated flows applied to the inter-state trade, we find that an increase in diesel price reduces the volume of trade and that this effect increases with the distance between trade partners. Furthermore, such price shock increases trade within a state and with nearby partners. Finally, the social welfare effects of a 10% increase in diesel price vary by states, with the median corresponding to a 0.69% loss in the real GDP or $82 billion nationwide.
Anti-inhibitor Coagulant Complex (Autoplex) for treatment of factor VIII inhibitors in hemophilia

use of an “activated” prothrombin complex concentrate for treatment of bleeding in a patient with an inhibitor to factor VIII,’ a number of investigators have described their experience using prothrombin complex concentrates (PCC) available in the United States for this purpose.2’3 The initial experience was with a spontaneously activated PCC, which was found to promote hemostasis in a patient with classical hemophilia and an acquired inhibitor to factor VIII.’ Using an investigational form of this concentrate (Auto-Factor IX), Kurczynski and Penner treated bleeding in a larger number of patients with inhibitors.2 Subsequently, other investigators have described the successful use of both activated (Auto-Factor IX, Hyland) and nonactivated PCC (Konyne, Cutter, Berkeley, Calif.; Proplex, Hyland) for the treatment of patients with inhibitors.3’3 These reports include experience with 408 episodes in 57 individuals treated for bleeding or prepared for surgery or dental extractions. More recently, a multicenter double blind trial of nonactivated PCC as single dose treatment for hemarthroses in patients with inhibitors has been completed, with the finding that approximately 50% of patients obtained pain relief with PCC compared to 25% of those receiving albumen placebo.’4 During the same period of time that PCC were being evaluated for efficacy in the treatment of patients with inhibitors to factor VIII, there were a
Freedom of Religion, Tolerance, and Security in Central Asia

Young people from the Central Asian countries are being recruited by terrorist groups, leading their governments to further reduce the scope of religious freedom in their countries—by banning relig...
Health IT Usability Focus Section: Data Use and Navigation Patterns among Medical ICU Clinicians during Electronic Chart Review.

Background A detailed understanding of electronic health record (EHR) workflow patterns and information use is necessary to inform user-centered design of critical care information systems. While developing a longitudinal medical record visualization tool to facilitate electronic chart review (ECR) for medical intensive care unit (MICU) clinicians, we found inadequate research on clinician–EHR interactions. Objective We systematically studied EHR information use and workflow among MICU clinicians to determine the optimal selection and display of core data for a revised EHR interface. Methods We conducted a direct observational study of MICU clinicians performing ECR for unfamiliar patients during their routine daily practice at an academic medical center. Using a customized manual data collection instrument, we unobtrusively recorded the content and sequence of EHR data reviewed by clinicians. Results We performed 32 ECR observations among 24 clinicians. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) chart review duration was 9.2 (7.3–14.7) minutes, with the largest time spent reviewing clinical notes (44.4%), laboratories (13.3%), imaging studies (11.7%), and searching/scrolling (9.4%). Historical vital sign and intake/output data were never viewed in 31% and 59% of observations, respectively. Clinical notes and diagnostic reports were browsed ≥10 years in time for 60% of ECR sessions. Clinicians viewed a median of 7 clinical notes, 2.5 imaging studies, and 1.5 diagnostic studies, typically referencing a select few subtypes. Clinicians browsed a median (IQR) of 26.5 (22.5–37.25) data screens to complete their ECR, demonstrating high variability in navigation patterns and frequent back-and-forth switching between screens. Nonetheless, 47% of ECRs begin with review of clinical notes, which were also the most common navigation destination. Conclusion Electronic chart review centers around the viewing of clinical notes among MICU clinicians. Convoluted workflows and prolonged searching activities indicate room for system improvement. Using study findings, specific design recommendations to enhance usability for critical care information systems are provided.
Chapter 3 Strife and hope in the lives of a scientist couple

Publisher Summary This chapter outlines strife and hope in the lives of a scientist couple—Kate Barany and Michael Barany. Michael's professional career started with a considerable delay. He matriculated from high school in 1939 at the age of 18 with a summa cum laude degree but was not accepted by any Hungarian University as the Numerus Clausus law restricted the admittance of Jews. By the end of 1943, the course of World War II took a visible turn: the Soviet troops recaptured their own country and were chasing the Germans out of Poland. The situation for Jews changed immediately. Kate was born in a small Hungarian town, which had good schools, theaters, a museum, and a concert hall. Kate was 15 years old in the spring of 1944, when the Germans occupied Hungary. Despite the suffering, Kate and Michael sustained their hope and achieved much of what they pursued. They contributed to science through their efforts in the laboratory, the classroom, and the encouragement of Hungarian children.
Cognitive innovation: top performers share their best practices

Purpose The authors address how a combination of artificial intelligence (AI) and cognitive computing --- adaptive data management systems that monitor, analyze, make decisions and learn -- will transform businesses, work and customer offerings. Design/methodology/approach A survey of 6,050 C-suite executives worldwide identified a small group of cognitive innovators and revealed what they are doing differently. Findings Cognitive innovators identify customer satisfaction, retention, acquisition and revenue growth as the primary rationale for embracing cognitive technologies. Practical implications Cognitive computing systems are already helping make sense of the deluge of data spawned by ordinary commerce because they are able to adapt and learn. Originality/value The authors offer a four-step approach to cognitive computing innovation based on their research findings.
Expected Values for Continuous Random Variables

We now define the expectation of a continuous random variable. In doing so we parallel the discussion of expected values for discrete random variables given in Chapter 6. Based on the probability density function (PDF) description of a continuous random variable, the expected value is defined and its properties explored. The discussion is conceptually much the same as before, only the particular method of evaluating the expected value is different. Hence, we will concentrate on the manipulations required to obtain the expected value.
Multiplexed enrichment and genomic profiling of peripheral immune cell subsets on a microfluidic chip

The human immune system consists of many specialized cell subsets that simultaneously carry out a diverse range of functions using overlapping pathways and signals. Subset-specific immune profiling can resolve immune activity in autoimmune disease, cancer immunity, and infectious disease that may not be discoverable or detectable in analyses of crude blood samples. The activity of specific subsets may help predict the course of disease and response to therapy in certain patient populations. Here, we present a low-input microfluidic system for sorting immune cells into subsets and profiling their cellular states by gene expression analysis using full-length RNA-seq. Our system is robust and has the potential to make multiplexed subset-specific analysis routine in many research laboratories and clinical settings. We validate the device's technical performance by benchmarking its subset enrichment and genomic profiling performance against standard protocols. We make the added value of subset-resolved profiling over crude samples clear through ex vivo experiments that show subset-specific stimulated responses. Finally, we demonstrate the scalability of our device by profiling four immune cell subsets in blood from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and matched controls enrolled in a clinical study. The results from our initial cohort confirm the role of type I interferons in lupus pathogenesis and further show that the canonical interferon signature for SLE is prominent in B cells, demonstrating the ability of our integrated analytical platform to identify cell-specific disease signatures.
Dihydroorotase from Clostridiumoroticum is an allosteric enzyme

Abstract Dihydroorotase from Clostridium oroticum exhibits allosteric behavior with respect to both of its substrates. L-dihydroorotate dependence reflects a positive homotropic interaction for which the Hill coefficient is 1.3–1.6, depending upon the preparation. Conversely, a negative homotropic response is observed when L-ureidosuccinate serves as substrate, as characterized by a Hill coefficient of 0.65–0.75. Interaction between L-dihydroorotate binding sites is a labile characteristic lost during enzyme purification. Negative cooperativity of ureidosuccinate binding appears to be more stable. The effects of purification and medium are also discussed.
Lipid Accumulation and Plaque Disruption: Processes Triggering Clinical Instability in Coronary Disease

This review focuses on the interactions among arterial lipid content, disruptive changes in plaque structure, and subsequent clinical events. The concept that there are acute “triggering” risk factors for plaque disruption has been described in detail elsewhere (1, 2, 3) and we will summarize the salient aspects of this approach to understanding coronary artery disease.
Empirical and Analytic Discovery in IL

Abstract The discovery process in many domains entails a rich interaction of reasoning techniques - such as observing patterns, reasoning about examples, suggesting experiments, evaluating results, and formal proofs based on current models. The goal of my research is to investigate the synergistic interactions of these reasoning techniques leading to discovery. This investigation has involved my developing an agenda based discovery system, called IL1, with which I have investigated a sub-domain of mathematics, Conway Numbers. Although IL does AM-like exploration of its domain (Davis & Lenat, 1982), IL is distinct in a number of ways, including the representations used and IL's use of theorem proving and explanation based learning (EBL). In this paper we discuss the control structure of IL and a particular test case which illustrates the interplay of examples with deduction. IL's theorem prover, VERIFY, is used for explanation based learning as well as for the verification of properties.
Surgical Timeout and Retained Foreign Bodies – Patient Safety in the Operating Room

There has been much debate about patient safety after the release of the landmark report To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System in 1999 by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) [1]. The authors report 44,000–98,000 deaths per year due to medical errors in the United States. The IOM called for more than 50% decrease in the number of deaths within the 5 years following that publication establishing goals and strategies to achieve this result. These goals include: (1) Establishing a national focus to create leadership, research, tools, and protocols to enhance knowledge. (2) Identifying and learning from errors by developing a nationwide, public, mandatory reporting system, and by encouraging healthcare organizations and practitioners to develop and participate in voluntary reporting systems. (3) Raising performance standards and expectations for improvements in safety through the actions of oversight organizations, professional groups, and group purchasers of healthcare. (4) Implementing safety systems in healthcare organizations to ensure safe practices at the delivery level.
Introduction for Instructors and Teaching Assistants

This chapter discusses various options for structuring the laboratory class in sensory evaluation. Topics include grading, statistical requirements, preparation of samples, lab report formats, facilities, equipment, and general supplies.
Teaching Management in Public Administration/Public Management As Art, Science, and Profession Laurence E. Lynn, Jr./The New Effective Public Manager: Achieving Success in a Changing Government Steven Cohen and William Eimicke/How Do Public Managers Manage? Bureaucratic Constraints, Organizational Culture, and the Potential for Reform Carolyn Ban/Managing Chaos and Complexity in Government: A New Paradigm for Managing Change, Innovation, and Organizational Renewal L. Douglas Kiel

(1997). Teaching Management in Public Administration/Public Management As Art, Science, and Profession Laurence E. Lynn, Jr./The New Effective Public Manager: Achieving Success in a Changing Government Steven Cohen and William Eimicke/How Do Public Managers Manage? Bureaucratic Constraints, Organizational Culture, and the Potential for Reform Carolyn Ban/Managing Chaos and Complexity in Government: A New Paradigm for Managing Change, Innovation, and Organizational Renewal L. Douglas Kiel. Journal of Public Administration Education: Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 405-421.
Substrate Specificity Analysis of Dihydrofolate/Dihydromethanopterin Reductase Homologs in Methylotrophic α-Proteobacteria.

Methane-producing archaea and methylotrophic bacteria use tetrahydromethanopterin (H4MPT) and/or tetrahydrofolate (H4F) as coenzymes in one-carbon (C1) transfer pathways. The α-proteobacterium Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 contains a dihydromethanopterin reductase (DmrA) and two annotated dihydrofolate reductases (DfrA and DfrB). DmrA has been shown to catalyze the final step of H4MPT biosynthesis; however, the functions of DfrA and DfrB have not been examined biochemically. Moreover, sequence alignment (BLAST) searches have recognized scores of proteins that share up to 99% identity with DmrA but are annotated as diacylglycerol kinases (DAGK). In this work, we used bioinformatics and enzyme assays to provide insight into the phylogeny and substrate specificity of selected Dfr and DmrA homologs. In a phylogenetic tree, DmrA and homologs annotated as DAGKs grouped together in one clade. Purified histidine-tagged versions of the annotated DAGKs from Hyphomicrobium nitrativorans and Methylobacterium nodulans (respectively, sharing 69% and 84% identity with DmrA) showed only low activity in phosphorylating 1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycerol when compared with a commercial DAGK from E. coli. However, the annotated DAGKs successfully reduced a dihydromethanopterin analog (dihydrosarcinapterin, H2SPT) with kinetic values similar to those determined for M. extorquens AM1 DmrA. DfrA and DfrB showed little or no ability to reduce H2SPT under the conditions studied; however, both catalyzed the NADPH-dependent reduction of dihydrofolate. These results provide the first evidence that DfrA and DfrB function as authentic dihydrofolate reductases, while DAGKs with greater than 69% identity to DmrA may be misannotated and are likely to function in H4MPT biosynthesis.
Spatiotemporal Controls on Observed Daytime Ozone Deposition Velocity Over Northeastern U.S. Forests During Summer

NSF Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE 16-44869]; NOAA's Climate Program Office's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate program [NA14OAR4310133]
Teaching Urologists "How to Read Multi-Parametric Prostate MRIs Using PIRADSv2": Results of an iBook Pilot Study.

Abstract Objective To create an online resource that teaches urologists how to interpret prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). As prostate mpMRI becomes widely adopted for cancer diagnosis and targeted biopsy, it is increasingly important that urologists are comfortable and experienced in assessing the images. The purpose of this study was to create an online mpMRI ibook and measure its effect on instilling proficiency among urology residents. Methods We created a case-based ibook aimed at teaching clinicians how to identify and score prostate lesions on mpMRI using the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PIRADS) v2. Residents completed a 43-question pretest before gaining access to the ibook for 1 month. The test asks participants to identify and score visible lesions using interactive mpMRI images. After a formal review of the material, they completed a post-test. Participants also rated their diagnostic confidence on a scale of 1-10 before and after reviewing the ibook. The change in performance and confidence scores for each resident was compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results Eleven urology residents completed the pretest, review session and post-test. The mean test score rose from 37% (median 40%) to 57% (median 58%) after reviewing the ibook. Improvement was significant (P= .0039). Confidence scores also improved (P = .001). Conclusion We created an interactive ibook that teaches urologists how to evaluate prostate mpMRIs and demonstrated improved performance in interpretation among urology residents. This effective module can be incorporated into resident education on a national level and offered as a self-teaching resource for practicing urologists.
Large thermal tuning of a polymer-embedded silicon nitride nanobeam cavity.

Tunable silicon nitride nanophotonic resonators are a critical building block for integrated photonic systems in the visible wavelength range. We experimentally demonstrate a thermally tunable polymer-embedded silicon nitride nanobeam cavity with a tuning efficiency of 44 pm/°C and 0.13 nm/mW in the near-visible wavelength range. The large tuning efficiency comes from the high thermo-optic coefficient of the SU-8 polymer and the “air-mode” cavity design, where a large portion of the cavity field is confined inside the polymer region. The demonstrated resonator will enable locally tunable cavity quantum electrodynamic experiments in the silicon nitride platform.
Translating Laboratory Measures to Real-World Outcomes: Application of the UFOV Test in an Insurance Company Setting

Poor performance on the Useful Field of View (UFOV® test) has been linked to negative driving outcomes, such as crashes. The UFOV® test was given to a sample of drivers 75+ years across the state of Alabama (N=2235) as a means of attaining a reduction in insurance rates if successful on the test. Results revealed that retrospectively, participants who failed the assessment were 1.65 times more likely to have an at-fault crash and 1.66 times more likely to have an at-fault insurance claim in the previous five years as compared to participants who passed the assessment. Prospectively, these same participants were 1.85 times more likely to have an at-fault crash and 2.73 times more likely to have an at-fault claim in the subsequent 1.29 years after assessment as compared to participants who passed the assessment. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first translational study to investigate the impact of offering an insurance discount for passing such an assessment on prospective at-fault crashes and at-fault insurance claims.
Determination of bone sodium (Na) and Na exchange in pig leg using in vivo neutron activation analysis (IVNAA).

Objectivea#13; The locations of sodium (Na) storage and its exchange mechanisms in the body are not well known. Understanding tissue Na storage and exchange is important for understanding the impact of Na intake, absorption, and retention on human health, especially on the risk of developing chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the application of a deuterium-deuterium (DD) neutron generator-based IVNAA system in Na nutrition studies. a#13; Approacha#13; The right legs of two live pigs, one on a low Na diet and one on a high Na diet, both for 14 days, were irradiated inside a customized irradiation cave for 10 minutes (45 mSv dose to the leg) and then measured with a 100% efficient high purity germanium detector (HPGe). The spectra were analyzed to obtain the net Na counts at different time points. Bone Na concentrations were calculated using the calibration created with Na bone phantoms. a#13; Main resultsa#13; The results show that the difference in bone Na to calcium between the pigs on high vs low Na diets was 466 +/- 137 ppm. The estimated bone Na to calcium concentrations were 1166 +/- 80 and 1631 +/- 111 ppm for low and high Na diet pigs, respectively. Analysis also shows rapid exchange of Na in the leg during the first 2 hour measurements, while the exchange was minimal at the second and third 2 hour measurements, taken 7 and 21 hours post irradiation. The exchange decay time of Na in the leg was 51 minutes for the first measurement, and there was no significant change of Na activities between 2-21 hours. a#13; Significance a#13; We conclude there is a non or low exchangeable compartment (likely to be bone) for Na storage and that DD neutron generator-based IVNAA is a useful method for determining tissue Na distribution in nutrition studies.
PHYSICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF RARE EARTH COBALT MAGNETS

Rare Earth Cobalt (REC) permanent magnets have unique properties that permit solutions to some optical tasks that cannot be accomplished with conventional magnets. A review is presented of the design and performance characteristics of these magnets including an analytical description of the three dimensional fringe fields of REC quadrupoles.
Attentional Biases to Bullies and Bystanders and Youth’s Coping With Peer Victimization

Effectively coping with peer victimization may be facilitated by deploying attention away from threat (i.e., bullies, reinforcers) and toward available support (e.g., defenders). To test this premi...
An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Consumer Premium Promotions

The use of consumer self-liquidating premium promotions is widespread. However, little research has been published in this area. A large amount of data on actual premium promotions was obtained from a leading manufacturer of consumer packaged goods. Based on this information, several questions are addressed relating to: (1) sales response effectiveness over time, (2) effectiveness in attracting competitors’ customers, (e) interactions between premium prices and required proofs of purchase, and (4) findings of follow-up surveys as a way of analyzing promotion success.
How Should Allopathic Physicians Respond to Native American Patients Hesitant About Allopathic Medicine

American Indian (AI) and Indigenous peoples utilize traditional medicine/healing (TM/H) for health and well-being. Allopathic health care practitioners (HCPs) receive minimal training and education on TM/H and its application and integration into health care settings. Lack of knowledge and practice guidelines on how to navigate these 2 health care perspectives (allopathic and traditional) creates uncertainties in the treatment of AI and Indigenous peoples. Such conflicts can undermine patient autonomy and result in culturally incongruent practice. This article presents a case study showcasing suggestions for how HCPs can direct clinical decision making when working with AI/Indigenous patients who utilize TM/H. The article argues that health professions education institutions and HCPs must dedicate effort to expanding awareness of and education about TM/H to enhance the delivery of evidence-based and integrated clinical treatment for AI/Indigenous patients.
Nascent Entrepreneurship and Inventive Activity: A Somewhat New Perspective

This paper focuses on the nexus between nascent entrepreneurship (NE) and inventive activity. It questions how NE affects inventive activity (including innovation and patenting) while analyzing the views and predictions that have used patenting as an indicator of entrepreneurial behavior. Using data on German researchers and controlling for their personal, professional and institutional attributes, the findings show that NE increases both patenting and innovation. Implications for technology policy are discussed.
Toll-like Receptor 2 in Autoimmune Inflammation

TLR signaling is critical for broad scale immune recognition of pathogens and/or danger molecules. TLRs are particularly important for the activation and the maturation of cells comprising the innate immune response. In recent years it has become apparent that several different TLRs regulate the function of lymphocytes as well, albeit to a lesser degree compared to innate immunity. TLR2 heterodimerizes with either TLR1 or TLR6 to broadly recognize bacterial lipopeptides as well as several danger-associated molecular patterns. In general, TLR2 signaling promotes immune cell activation leading to tissue inflammation, which is advantageous for combating an infection. Conversely, inappropriate or dysfunctional TLR2 signaling leading to an overactive inflammatory response could be detrimental during sterile inflammation and autoimmune disease. This review will highlight and discuss recent research advances linking TLR2 engagement to autoimmune inflammation.
Thermodynamical bounds and noise of cavity optomechanical acceleration sensing

We present the theoretical formulation of the fundamental limits for force sensing in optomechanical accelerometers, and matched them into the design space. Finally, we analyze the performance of a fabricated device closely approaching this bounds.
Donald Trump: Dividing America Through New-Culture Speech

This chapter uses the concept of Invited Behavior to show how Donald Trump developed in three stages a powerful political rhetoric that combined traditional American culture with elements drawn from a new culture created by Reality TV. This new cultural combination undermined democratic norms and fostered autocratic tendencies. The first stage established Trump’s credibility by drawing on traditional values—individualism, materialism, and meritocracy—that were validated (melodramatically) by his Reality TV show—The Apprentice. In the second stage, Trump used new cultural elements from Reality TV to engage other candidates and the media. Three elements will be analyzed—blatant aggression (including bullying); voluminous, hyperbolic lying; and the call to violence. In the third stage, during his last year as president, Trump took these elements to their extreme and again combined them with traditional culture to produce a rhetoric that fomented the violent storming of the United States Capitol, an attack aimed at overturning the 2020 election results. The success of this rhetoric was made possible by the culture war and legitimacy crisis that have gripped American politics since the 1960s.
Antiviral effects of grape seed extract against feline calicivirus, murine norovirus, and hepatitis A virus in model food systems and under gastric conditions

Grape seed extract (GSE) has antiviral activities against hepatitis A virus (HAV) and human norovirus surrogates (feline calicivirus (FCV-F9) and murine norovirus (MNV-1)). The objectives of this study were to determine (1) time and dose-dependence of GSE against FCV-F9, MNV-1, and HAV at room temperature (RT) and 37 °C over 24 h; and (2) GSE effects in model foods (apple juice (AJ) and 2% milk) and simulated gastric conditions at 37 °C. Viruses at ∼5 log PFU/ml were treated with 0.5-8 mg/ml GSE prepared in water, AJ, milk or gastric juices, or water over 24 h at RT or 37 °C. Infectivity of triplicate treatments was evaluated using plaque assays. GSE effects increased with time and concentration. GSE at 1 mg/ml in AJ reduced MNV-1 to undetectable levels after 1 h and by 1 log in milk after 24 h. GSE at 1 and 2 mg/ml in AJ reduced HAV to undetectable levels after 1 h, while 2 and 4 mg/ml GSE in milk caused ∼1 log reduction after 24 h. GSE at 2 mg/ml in intestinal fluid reduced FCV-F9, MNV-1 and HAV to undetectable levels after 6 h. GSE appears to be a suitable natural option for foodborne viral reduction.
Performance of an Open Multi-Agent Remote Sensing Architecture Based on XML-RPC in Low-Profile Embedded Systems

GdRBot is a platform for controlling a set of collaborative agents through XML-RPC. It was originally designed and tested for using PCs as robots and servers. Unfortunately, common computers can’t be used on every scenario. On this paper the requirements of the architecture and the performance of two low-performs devices implementing the architecture are discussed. The first device is a Gumstix, a platform based on an Intel PXA microprocessor and the second is a recycled router by Linksys, the NSLU2. Both powered by Linux as operating system.
Spleen deflation and beyond: The pros and cons of Janus kinase 2 inhibitor therapy for patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms

The myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV), and primary myelofibrosis (MF) are malignancies that frequently harbor the recurrent somatic point mutation JAK2(V617F). The discovery of this mutation has fueled the development of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) inhibitors. Available results have indicated that JAK2 inhibitors are particularly effective at reducing spleen size. However, the activity of these agents is multifaceted and also involves a marked improvement of systemic symptoms and, for those agents with dual JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitory activity, a marked reduction in the levels of circulating cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Because JAK2 inhibitors are not specific for JAK2(V617F), responses have also been observed in JAK2(V617F) -negative MPNs because of the inhibition of wild-type JAK2, which is also likely responsible for the induction of cytopenias in patients with MF and for the normalization of peripheral blood counts observed in patients with ET or PV. Given the distinct mortality and morbidity associated with ET, PV, and MF, the use of JAK2 inhibitors appears reasonable for patients with MF as well as for those with ET or PV who have become resistant or intolerant to hydroxyurea. Ongoing randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials will further delineate the role of these agents in the management of patients with MPNs. The pros and cons of JAK2 kinase inhibitor therapy are herein discussed.