cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Human interaction with lights-out automation: a field study

Describes a field study in which a recently implemented intelligent control system for NASA satellites was observed. The autonomous control system, called Genie, is intended to replace the current two-person operations team with which NASA staffs the control rooms for each scientific satellite. There is good deal of interest in the use of increased automation to improve the efficiency with which personnel are used and to decrease costs. Genie is a good example of a class of emerging control automation technology that is intended to replace human operators responsible for system control; such technology has been called 'lights-out automation'. The field study attempts to assess the extent to which the design and structure of Genie allow such automation to function effectively and to determine the nature of problems which require human intervention either to resume manual control of the system itself or to repair Genie. The results suggest that in order for lights-out automation to be effective, it must be designed with the human operator, who will occasionally troubleshoot, maintain and repair it, in mind-somewhat similar to the manufacturing concept of designing for maintainability. The results of this study suggest that even automation intended to function autonomously occasionally requires operator intervention. Though the operator moves from supervisory controller to manager-by-exception, the automation must be human-centered in design, i.e. the design must facilitate rapid human inspection, comprehension, intervention, repair and maintenance.
Temperature-sensitive anthocyanin production in flowers of Plantago lanceolata

Flower color in the weedy perennial Plantago lanceolata is phenotypically plastic. Darker flowers are produced at cooler ambient temperatures, and circumstantial evidence suggests that this is adaptive. The goal of this project was to investigate the chemical basis for the color plasticity. To test the hypothesis that increased anthocyanin production at low temperatures underlies the plasticity, extracts of P. lanceolata flowers produced at warm and cool temperatures were analyzed using UV/visible spectrophotometry coupled with mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry allowed us to compare relative abundances of individual anthocyanins. Seventeen anthocyanins, derived from both cyanidin and delphinidin branches of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, were detected. Most of these significantly increased in abundance under cool conditions. Genotypes differed significantly in anthocyanin levels and in their sensitivity to temperature change. Genotypes that showed greater floral color plasticity tended to show also greater temperature sensitivity with respect to anthocyanin production. Data suggest that the temperature regulation of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway occurs both upstream and downstream of the divergence of the cyanidin and delphinidin branches. The degree of temperature sensitivity, i.e. phenotypic plasticity, appears to be controlled downstream, whereas the overall temperature effect appears to be controlled upstream.
“THE INEFFACEABLE CURSE OF CAIN”: RACE, MISCEGENATION, AND THE VICTORIAN STAGING OF IRISHNESS

THROUGHOUT THE NINETEENTH CENTURY both the English popular and scientific communities increasingly argued for a distinct racial difference between the Irish Celt and the English Saxon, which conceptually undermined the Victorian attempt to form a single kingdom from the two peoples. The ethnological discourse concerning Irish identity was dominated by English theorists who reflect their empire’s ideological necessity; thus, the Celt and Saxon were often described as racial siblings early in the nineteenth century when union seemed possible, while later descriptions of the Irish as members of a distant or degenerate race reflect the erosion of public sympathy caused by the era of violence following the failed revolt of 1848. Amid this deluge of scientific discourse, the Irish were treated as mute objects of analysis, lacking any opportunity for formal rejoinder; nonetheless, these essentially English discussions of racial identity and Irishness also entered into the Irish popular culture.
A profile of visual analytical toolkits for understanding the spatio-temporal evolution of broadband provision

Problems with currently available broadband data sources highlight the pressing need for novel data analytical methods and tools that enable policy makers to explore broadband market dynamics. Given this pressing need, the goal of this paper is to discuss the current state-of-the-art in geovisual analytic tools that could be applied to broadband analysis and demonstrate how these toolkits may be applied to answer important policy questions about the spatio-temporal evolution of broadband markets. Visual analytics (VA) toolkits are underutilized in telecommunications policy analysis.VA toolkits provide important insights about spatio-temporal trends in broadband provision.VA toolkits can identify places with similar temporal trajectories in broadband provision.VA can analyze trends in broadband datasets from different government agencies (e.g. FCC and NTIA).
The Provenance of the Salisbury Psalter

Ms. Salisbury 150, X s., Psautier gallican. On peut le dater entre 969 et 987. Pour l'origine, trois lieux sont en concurrence: les monasteres de moniales Shaftesbury et Wilton, et la cathedrale de Sherborne. L'A. marque une legere preference pour Wilton| ce Psautier aurait pu appartenir a sainte Edith.
Differential Regulation of Immature Articular Cartilage Compressive Moduli and Poisson’s Ratios by in vitro Stimulation With IGF-1 and TGF-β1

Mechanisms of articular cartilage growth and maturation have been elucidated by studying composition-function dynamics during in vivo development and in vitro culture with stimuli such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1). This study tested the hypothesis that IGF-1 and TGF-β1 regulate immature cartilage compressive moduli and Poisson’s ratios in a manner consistent with known effects on tensile properties. Bovine calf articular cartilage from superficial-articular (S) and middle-growth (M) regions were analyzed fresh or following culture in medium with IGF-1 or TGF-β1. Mechanical properties in confined (CC) and unconfined (UCC) compression, cartilage matrix composition, and explant size were assessed. Culture with IGF-1 resulted in softening in CC and UCC, increased Poisson’s ratios, substantially increased tissue volume, and accumulation of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen (COL). Culture with TGF-β1 promoted maturational changes in the S layer, including stiffening in CC and UCC and increased concentrations of GAG, COL, and pyridinoline crosslinks (PYR), but little growth. Culture of M layer explants with TGF-β1 was nearly homeostatic. Across treatment groups, compressive moduli in CC and UCC were positively related to GAG, COL, and PYR concentrations, while Poisson’s ratios were negatively related to concentrations of these matrix components. Thus, IGF-1 and TGF-β1 differentially regulate the compressive mechanical properties and size of immature articular cartilage in vitro. Prescribing tissue growth, maturation, or homeostasis by controlling the in vitro biochemical environment with such growth factors may have applications in cartilage repair and tissue engineering.
Profound spatial heterogeneity of coronary reserve. Discordance between patterns of resting and maximal myocardial blood flow.

We examined the ability of individual regions of the canine left ventricle to increase blood flow relative to baseline rates of perfusion. Regional coronary flow was measured by injecting radioactive microspheres over 90 seconds in seven anesthetized mongrel dogs. Preliminary experiments demonstrated a correlation between the regional distributions of blood flow during asphyxia and pharmacological vasodilatation with adenosine (mean r = 0.75; 192 regions in each of two dogs), both of which resulted in increased coronary flow. Subsequent experiments, during which coronary perfusion pressure was held constant at 80 mm Hg, examined the pattern of blood flow in 384 regions (mean weight, 106 mg) of the left ventricular free wall during resting flow and during maximal coronary flow effected by intracoronary adenosine infusion. We found that resting and maximal flow patterns were completely uncorrelated to each other in a given dog (mean r = 0.06, p = NS; n = 3 dogs). Furthermore, regional coronary reserve, defined as the ratio of maximal to resting flow, ranged from 1.75 (i.e., resting flow was 57% of maximum) to 21.9 (resting flow was 4.5% of maximum). Thus, coronary reserve is spatially heterogeneous and determined by two distinct perfusion patterns: the resting (control) pattern and the maximal perfusion pattern. Normal hearts, therefore, contain small regions that may be relatively more vulnerable to ischemia. This may explain the patchy nature of infarction with hypoxia and at reduced perfusion pressures as well as the difficulty of using global parameters to predict regional ischemia. Despite the wide dispersion of coronary reserve, we found, by autocorrelation analysis, that reserve in neighboring regions (even when separated by a distance of several tissue samples) was significantly correlated. This also applied to patterns of resting myocardial flow. Thus, both resting coronary blood flow and reserve appear to be locally continuous and may define functional zones of vascular control and vulnerability, respectively.
Schoolchildren and Ganja: Youthful Marijuana Consumption in Rural Jamaica

The use of marijuana by children in North America and its potential impairment on their health and school performance is cause for concern among parents and teachers. This study examines childhood cannabis use in cross-cultural perspective, exploring the ideology and behavior surrounding childhood marijuana use in Jamaica, and the way in which it is articulated with the domestic and school life of children in two rural working class communities.
In Tune or Out of Tune: Are Different Instruments and Voice Heard Differently?

We studied music majors’ perception of intonation in accompanied solo performances of trumpet, violin, and voice. We were interested in whether listeners would judge pitch deviations of equal magnitude in the three solo performances as equivalent in intonation. Participants were 150 graduate and undergraduate music majors drawn from two large music schools and included 50 students representing each of the following areas of applied music study: voice, wind instruments, and string instruments. Listeners heard solo trumpet, violin, and soprano performances of Ave Maria (Bach/Gounod) accompanied by piano. Pitch performances of the soloists were altered in four sections of the excerpt and deviated in either the sharp or flat direction within a section by 0, 10, 20, and 30 cents relative to the accompaniment. Listeners judged pitch deviations in the flat direction as more out of tune for the trumpet than equivalent alterations of violin and voice, especially for magnitudes of 20 and 30 cents. In sharp direction changes, violin and trumpet were heard similarly and as more out of tune than the vocal soloist. Additionally, differences in pitch judgments were found between listener groups representing different areas of applied study.
Part V. Self‐care for Continued Breastfeeding

The resources of motivation and knowledge that make the nurse a valuable support to the new mother initiating breastfeeding are needed again, equally as much, as the nurse prepares the mother for self-care at home and remains available for counseling afterwards. There are general guidelines for promoting continued breastfeeding success and for avoiding potential problems. The nurse should be familiar with these and with how to proceed in special situations and with specific breastfeeding problems. “Self-Care for Continued Breastfeeding” and “Some Breastfeeding Problems and Solutions”, presented below, end the series on breastfeeding begun in the July/August issue. The advantages of continuing breastfeeding beyond the neonatal period are reviewed and general guidelines for selfcare at home are discussed. Developmental changes in the instant and psychological and physical changes in the mother are outlined and related to breastfeeding success. Advice for working mothers and for weaning is also presented.
Intelligent networked containers for enhancing global supply chain security and enabling new commercial value

Due to the global nature of todaypsilas economy, cargo containers are the most commonly used form of transportation for the worldpsilas trade. Many government initiatives, regulations and mandates have introduced new requirements for cargo security since the events of 9/11. These necessary security investments for containers can produce new advantages in the global supply chain and the participating industry partners. However, the existing systems which have been developed for ecosystem players are not yet sufficient to address all identified security issues. In this paper we explore a new set of business models, architectures, and emerging technologies that together we believe create a new level of security. First, we propose a system architecture using emerging technologies such as RFID and Wireless Sensor Networks to enhance the security of each container via the creation of ad-hoc dynamic container networks. Second, we describe our prototype implementation to demonstrate the technology capability and constraints. We also discuss lessons learned from the real-life tests. From our experiments, we believe that our approach can achieve the security goals driven by the government as well as create new business value for global supply chain participants.
The effect of farnesol on amino acid incorporation by a wild-type and cell-wall variant strain of Candida albicans

Farnesol, a quorum sensing (QS) signal, is produced by Candida albicans during high density growth and has been found to inhibit morphogenesis. This QS auto-inducing signal was discovered to increase amino acid incorporation by C. albicans when concentrations of farnesol increased to 10 µg/mL in yeast nitrogen broth. Farnesol concentrations greater than 10 µg/mL abolished the enhanced incorporation, and the magnitude of the increased incorporation was dependent on cell-surface hydrophobicity.Key words: Candida albicans, farnesol, amino acid incorporation.
Heavy Alcohol Use, Alcohol and Drug Screening and their Relationship to Mothers' Welfare Participation: A Temporal-ordered Causal Analysis

This longitudinal study examined the association between heavy alcohol use, alcohol- and drug-screening requirements, and social support network variables and mothers' welfare participation in the United States. The study was a secondary data analysis of 3,517 mothers. The sample was extracted from National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data gathered in 1994–2004. Results of logistic regression show welfare participation is not associated with heavy alcohol use or alcohol- and drug-screening requirements, but is associated with a history of reported heavy alcohol use, informal help with childcare, and scant human capital. Results also indicate that alcohol- and drug screening required under TANF may not exclude heavy drinking mothers from TANF participation, and that social support networks do not cancel heavy drinking's association with participation. Policy implications are discussed.
Text mining in the biocuration workflow: applications for literature curation at WormBase, dictyBase and TAIR

WormBase, dictyBase and The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR) are model organism databases containing information about Caenorhabditis elegans and other nematodes, the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum and related Dictyostelids and the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana, respectively. Each database curates multiple data types from the primary research literature. In this article, we describe the curation workflow at WormBase, with particular emphasis on our use of text-mining tools (BioCreative 2012, Workshop Track II). We then describe the application of a specific component of that workflow, Textpresso for Cellular Component Curation (CCC), to Gene Ontology (GO) curation at dictyBase and TAIR (BioCreative 2012, Workshop Track III). We find that, with organism-specific modifications, Textpresso can be used by dictyBase and TAIR to annotate gene productions to GO's Cellular Component (CC) ontology.
Branchiobdellid annelids and their crayfish hosts: are they engaged in a cleaning symbiosis?

Branchiobdellid annelids and their freshwater crayfish hosts are generally thought to have a commensal relationship. Branchiobdellids of the genus Cambarincola exploit their hosts through a variety of mechanisms; however, an effect of branchiobdellids on crayfish has not been conclusively demonstrated. We investigated whether branchiobdellids positively affect the host crayfish Cambaruschasmodactylus in the New River, North Carolina. In a laboratory experiment, we placed 0, 3, or 6 branchiobdellids on C. chasmodactylus and observed a significant effect of branchiobdellid presence on both growth and mortality of host crayfish; crayfish with branchiobdellids exhibited faster growth and lower mortality with increasing branchiobdellid density. A tracer experiment demonstrated that branchiobdellids feed on items found in the branchial chamber of C. chasmodactylus. We hypothesize that such feeding activity by branchiobdellids reduces fouling of crayfish gills by epibionts and particulate matter and could lead to the reduced mortality and increased growth rates observed in the laboratory experiment. Specifically, Cambarincola may improve the ventilatory and excretory fitness of C. chasmodactylus by cleaning gill filaments. Field data support this hypothesis by demonstrating that branchiobdellids are found disproportionately at sites proximal to the branchial chamber in the New River. This study provides evidence that the relationship between C. chasmodactylus and Cambarincola may be a cleaning symbiosis, at least in environments where gill fouling is a problem for C. chasmodactylus.
Joe Willis: Feeling the Heat in Thailand (a)

Sometimes the good old tried and true American business team building exercises just dont work. Although frequently successful with teams made up of employees from different sections of an organization, what happens when teams consist of employees from different geographical areas like the United States and Asia--which has a whole set of unique differences. This case follows the experiences of an executive sent to Bangkok Thailand with two other managers from corporate headquarters to clean up and team build following the discovery of fiscal mismanagement and a popular senior executives high profile firing. This three part case series puts students in the shoes of a financial auditor sent to try and strengthen weakened relationships and performance at Fasco Motors in Thailand. The material describes his efforts to rebuild trust on the Bangkok management team and the difficulties he encounters working as an outsider in every way.
Cyber security evaluation of II&C technologies

The Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) Program is a research and development program sponsored by the Department of Energy, which is conducted in close collaboration with industry to provide the technical foundations for licensing and managing the long-term, safe and economical operation of current nuclear power plants The LWRS Program serves to help the US nuclear industry adopt new technologies and engineering solutions that facilitate the continued safe operation of the plants and extension of the current operating licenses. Within the LWRS Program, the Advanced Instrumentation, Information, and Control (II&C) Systems Technologies Pathway conducts targeted research and development (R&D) to address aging and reliability concerns with the legacy instrumentation and control and related information systems of the U.S. operating light water reactor (LWR) fleet. The II&C Pathway is conducted by Idaho National Laboratory (INL). Cyber security is a common concern among nuclear utilities and other nuclear industry stakeholders regarding the digital technologies that are being developed under this program. This concern extends to the point of calling into question whether these types of technologies could ever be deployed in nuclear plants given the possibility that the information in them can be compromised and the technologies themselves can potentially be exploitedmore » to serve as attack vectors for adversaries. To this end, a cyber security evaluation has been conducted of these technologies to determine whether they constitute a threat beyond what the nuclear plants already manage within their regulatory-required cyber security programs. Specifically, the evaluation is based on NEI 08-09, which is the industry’s template for cyber security programs and evaluations, accepted by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) as responsive to the requirements of the nuclear power plant cyber security regulation found in 10 CFR 73.54. The evaluation was conducted by a cyber security team with expertise in nuclear utility cyber security programs and experience in conducting these evaluations. The evaluation has determined that, for the most part, cyber security will not be a limiting factor in the application of these technologies to nuclear power plant applications.« less
Time-dependent memory storage: An alternative interpretation of some data

Mice were administered a single-shock trial on a step-down apparatus. For half the animals, step-down latency was again determined at selected times following shock; for the other half, activity level was measured at comparable times. For both step-down latency and activity level, there was a systematic relation between the measure and time-following-shock. Further, these two measures were inversely related. This latter result indicates that step-down performance and activity covary and are possibly related to a single organismic other-than-memory variable.
ACL reconstruction in athletes.

What are the most common causes of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in athletes? The most common causes for ACL injury in athletes are noncontact, twisting injuries that involved a pivoting motion. For example, in sports such as soccer, athletes frequently perform motions that plant and twist the lower extremities, putting those who play soccer at one of the highest likelihoods of ACL injuries. Less common mechanisms for ACL tears are contact injuries. Players are often hit from the lateral aspect of the knee, resulting in injuries not only to the ACL, but also to the medial collateral ligament and other ligaments.
Metabolic Interaction of Recombinant Interferon-β and Zidovudine in AIDS Patients

Zidovudine (AZT), the only currently approved drug for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in AIDS, is known to be metabolized by mammalian systems to a variety of metabolites including 3'-azido-3'-deoxy-5'-O-glucuronide (GAZT). Interferons (IFNs) are known to alter the microsomal enzyme system responsible for the metabolism of some compounds. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of combination therapy of recombinant (r) IFN-beta and AZT on the rates of metabolism of AZT in AIDS patients. AZT was given orally (200 mg every 4 h) for 8 weeks prior to initiation of rIFN-beta therapy (45 X 10(6) U/day, s.c.). Serum samples from 8 patients were obtained prior to and at days 3 and 15 following initiation of rIFN-beta therapy. Serum was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for both AZT and GAZT. The serum data were analyzed by a computer-assisted pharmacokinetics program that calculates rates of AZT metabolism. The half life for AZT was increased approximately two-fold by day 15. The rate of metabolism of AZT was diminished from 1.43 h-1 prior to IFN-beta therapy, to 0.4 h-1 and 0.05 h-1 at days 3 and 15, respectively. The volume of distribution of AZT was 2 l/kg at day 0 and increased to 3.2 and 3.5 l/kg on days 3 and 15, respectively. In conclusion, the results indicate that rIFN-beta inhibits the rate of AZT metabolism in AIDS patients.
Psychosocial mediators of physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption in the Faith, Activity, and Nutrition programme.

Objective Performing and publishing mediator analyses, whether significant or null, provides insight into where research efforts should focus and will assist in developing effective and powerful behaviour change interventions. The present study examined whether self-efficacy, social support and church support mediated changes in leisure-time physical activity (PA) and fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption in a faith-based intervention. Design A 15-month PA and F&V intervention, guided by the structural ecological model, targeted the social, cultural and policy influences within the church. Outcomes and mediators were measured at baseline and follow-up. Data were collected from 2007 to 2011. MacKinnon's product of coefficients tested for mediation. Setting Sixty-eight African Methodist Episcopal churches in South Carolina, USA. Subjects Five hundred and eighty-two (PA) and 588 (F&V) church members. Results Despite the significant increases in PA and F&V consumption, none of the hypothesized mediators were significant mediators of change in PA or F&V consumption. When examining each path of the mediation model, the intervention did not change any of the hypothesized mediators. However, changes in some mediators were associated with changes in outcomes. Conclusions Although there was no significant mediation, the association between changes in mediators and changes in PA and/or F&V consumption suggest that these variables likely play some role in changing these behaviours. Future studies should consider mediation analyses a priori, putting careful thought into the types of measures used and the timing of those measures, while also being cognizant of participant and staff burden. Finding a balance will be fundamental in successfully understanding how interventions exert their effects.
Phoca vitulina (Harbor seal)

The karyotype of the female is a gift from Dr. U. Arnason, Lund, Sweden, and was prepared with the orcein squash method. The karyotype of the male was prepared by airdry method.
Demystifying the Genetic Engineering of Plants: Talking Biotechnology in the Community

Although the potential for risk in genetically engineered foods can be fairly accurately assessed scientifically, the perception of risk is quite different. Public concern, can be inconsistent with risk measurement, depending on the familiarity, “friendliness” and voluntariness of the risk. With biotechnology public perception of risk varies widely. To help consumers, end-users, public opinion leaders and governmental regulators make informed decisions based on real, not perceived, risks and benefits, information must be communicated in easy-to-understand terms. As scientists, we are often not prepared to do this and therefore do not play a role in educating the public. Depending on target audience needs, different communication strategies can be required.
In Defense of a Democratic Productivist Welfare State

In this article, I defend a democratic form of the productivist welfare state. I argue that this form of the state can best cope, theoretically and practically, with the diversity of deeply morally pluralistic democratic societies for two reasons. First, the justification of this form of the state rests solely on general facts about human nature, basic human needs, and efficiency considerations in a world of moderately scarce resources. Second, this state does not aim to promote a specific view of justice, but human flourishing more generally, expressed in terms of individual and collective productivity. The proposed democratic productivist welfare state supports its citizens up to the level that allows them to develop and exercise their talents and abilities without providing incentives for free riding. I argue that, under the specific empirical circumstances that I describe, in particular certain informational restrictions concerning the precise productive and destructive capacities of the members of society in practice and the soundness of the Aristotelian principle, this goal may best be achieved in practice by the introduction of an unconditional basic income at subsistence level, if society is sufficiently developed economically to provide such an income. On productivist grounds, such an unconditional subsistence income also addresses, pragmatically and partially, the problem of historical injustices against the weakest members of society and provides all group members with the means for democratic participation.
Physical Formation: Health Stewardship and Embodied Realities

This chapter offers three sections pertaining to embodiment and physical health stewardship. The first section addresses the physical health in Christian formation from biblical and theological perspectives. The body provides the sacred location for God’s presence and the tangible conduit for worship. The second section addresses how the body impacts the unity of the whole person through the influence of the Holy Spirit by highlighting pneumatological considerations. The third section addresses the importance of attending to one’s physical health, to the degree that one is able, with appropriate care in the areas of nutrition, physical exercise, sleep, and stress reduction. In summary, this chapter argues that care of the body must be retrieved as an essential component of Christian formation, theology, and discipleship.
Periodic Elliptic Motion in the Problem of Trhee Bodies

We consider the Newtonian three-body problem in the plane for three mass points P k with arbitrarily given masses m k >0, (k=1, 2, 3). Identifying the plane of motion with the ordinary complex plane we introduce the relative (complex) vectors $$ u = {{P}_{2}}{{P}_{3}} = u(t),\;v = {{P}_{1}}{{P}_{4}} = v(t), $$ where P 4 is the center of mass of P 2 and P 3 . Assuming the center of mass of the three bodies to be at rest at the origin and defining the mass parameters µ and v by $$ {{m}_{2}} + {{m}_{3}} = \mu ({{m}_{1}} + {{m}_{2}} + {{m}_{3}}),\;{{m}_{3}} = v({{m}_{2}} + {{m}_{3}}) $$ the equations of motion take the form (where • =d/dt) $$ \ddot{u} = \mu F(u) = (1 - \mu )[F(v - vu) - F(v + u - vu)]\ddot{\nu } + F(\nu ) = F(\nu ) - (1 - \nu )F(\nu - \nu u) - F(\nu + u - \nu u) $$ (1) with\( F(u) = u{{\left| u \right|}^{{ - 3}}}. \) For small \( \left| {u/v} \right| \) this can be approximated by $$ \ddot{u} + \mu F(u) = 0,\;\ddot{v} + F(v) = 0; $$ (2) and these two uncoupled Kepler-problems have periodic solutions of the form u = u* = u*(t;e, k, m), v = v* = v*(t), in particular, where $$ {{u}^{*}} = {{u}^{{1/3}}}{{c}^{2}}{{(1 - \varepsilon \cos s)}^{{ - 1}}}{{e}^{{is}}},\;{{v}^{*}} = {{e}^{{it}}},\;0 < \varepsilon < 1,\;t = {{c}^{3}}\int\limits_{0}^{s} {{{{(1 - \varepsilon \cos s)}}^{{ - 2}}}ds,\;c = {{{(m/k)}}^{{1/3}}}{{{(1 - {{\varepsilon }^{2}})}}^{{1/2}}},} $$ (3) describing elliptic motion of eccentricity ɛ for u. Here m>0 and k are relatively prime integers, and the motion is periodic in the sense that u*(t + 2πm) = u* (t) and v*(t +2πm) = v* (t) identically in t.
Expanding Suicide Crisis Services to Text and Chat

Abstract. Background: Crisis support services have historically been offered by phone-based suicide prevention hotlines, but are increasingly becoming available through alternative modalities, including Internet chat and text messaging. Aims: To better understand differences in the use of phone and chat/text services. Method: We conducted semistructured interviews with call responders at the Veterans Crisis Line who utilize multimodal methods to respond to veterans in crisis. Results: Responders indicated that veterans may access the chat/text service primarily for reasons that included a desire for anonymity and possible inability to use the phone. Responders were divided on whether callers and chatters presented with different issues or risk of suicide; however, they suggested that veterans frequently use chat/text to make their first contact with mental health services. Limitations: We spoke with call responders, not the veterans themselves. Additionally, as this is qualitative research, applicability ...
Is Conditionally Constitutional Doctrine Constitutional

Under the Conditionally Constitutional Doctrine, the Indonesian Constitutional Court may declare that a provision of a statute is constitutional if it is read in a way described by the Constitutional Court. In practice, this doctrine allows the Constitutional Court to create new legal norms that might not be covered or even considered in the reviewed statute. The main question is: does the Constitutional Court have any legitimate reasons to use such doctrine? This is especially crucial because the Indonesian House of Representatives once banned the doctrine through amendment to Law No. 24 of 2003 on Constitutional Court in 2011 and shortly thereafter, the Constitutional Court declared that the amendment is unconstitutional. In this article, I will discuss the validity of the Conditionally Constitutional Doctrine through the lens of various theories of legal interpretation, and further conclude that given the nature of judicial review process, attempting to answer the above question from the perspective of traditional legal interpretation theories would not be fruitful. Instead, I would recommend using a pragmatic approach in dealing with the existence of the doctrine and offer certain aspects that can be further pursued by Indonesian legal researchers in order to improve the use of such doctrine.
Phialophora verrucosa and Other Chromoblastomycotic Fungi

The tissue form of the agents of chromoblastomycosis is quite unique among human pathogenic fungi. The yeast cells, hyphae, pseudohyphae, or spherules that are typical of other human pathogenic fungi are not customarily observed. Instead, richly pigmented brown cells (Figure 1) that form transverse septations are seen by microscopic observation of the lesions of chromoblastomycosis. In some instances, multicellular bodies that form both longitudinal and transverse septa as they divide (muriform cells) are observed. Early investigators of chromoblastomycosis (Medlar, 1915), thinking that these muriform cells represented the development of a sclerotium, named these cells “sclerotic cells” or “sclerotic bodies.” The cells have also been called “Medlar bodies,” “chromobodies,” “fumagoid bodies,” and even “copper pennies” by various observers (McGinnis, 1983). For convenience, they will be referred to herein as sclerotic cells, even though it is recognized that the term may be somewhat misleading, since the multicellular form seen in tissue is not a sclerotium, nor does it represent a stage in the development of a sclerotium.
Polymeric Micelles for Multiple-Drug Delivery

Polymeric micelles have been widely studied in preclinical drug development for drug solubilization, controlled drug release, and drug targeting. Polymeric micelles are attractive because of their nanoscopic size, proven safety profile in humans over existing intravenous vehicles in clinical practice, and high capacity for drug solubilization. Hydrophobic interaction between polymeric micelles and poorly water-soluble drugs is the primary driving force for drug solubilization. In a prodrug strategy, amphiphilic block copolymer–drug conjugates also assemble into polymeric micelles, resulting in drug solubilization and triggered drug release in response to an acidic pH, aiming for tumor targeting. In both strategies, polymeric micelles entrain two or three different kinds of poorly water-soluble drugs, simplifying the delivery of drug “cocktails.” Polymeric micelles raise the prospective for simultaneous tumor targeting of multiple poorly water-soluble anticancer agents, aiming for synergistic efficacy.
Relevance of Health Behavior Research to Training and Practice in the Health Professions

Beginning in the middle of the 20th century, the health professions—particularly medicine—acquired vast new scientific and technological knowledge. This new body of information enabled these professions to become more effective in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. While the science of the health professions has advanced, however, the art of healing has been neglected (Miller et al., 1975). Practice in the health professions has been focused on treating, curing, and returning patients to their former conditions. It is necessary to resynthesize the art of healing with the scientific aspects of patient care and to reestablish a philosophy of practice that acknowledges patients to be more than their diseases.
Health Plan Payment in the Russian Federation

Abstract Mandatory health insurance (MHI) in Russia has some characteristics of the regulated competition model, including individual choice of the health insurer, some risk bearing, and risk equalization. MHI insurers can use some instruments to improve efficiency in delivery of care. However, deviations from the regulated competition model are much greater than their similarities. The design of the MHI system does not provide scope for price and product competition. Insurers have limited freedom for selective contracting. Financial risk for health plans is limited due to a number of problems with MHI design and implementation, of which the most important is the dominance of administrative instruments in the hands of the MHI Fund and the Ministry of Health. The search to develop a regulated competition model has begun.
An analysis of stereotypical motor movements and cardiovascular coupling in individuals on the autism spectrum.

Abstract One of the core diagnostic features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is engagement in stereotypical motor movements, although the etiology of this repetitive behavior is unknown. Since the 1960s, it has been hypothesized that stereotypical motor movements serve a homeostatic regulation function, and thereby a putative coupling mechanism to cardiovascular arousal. However, to date, surprisingly few reports explicitly assess cardio-somatic coupling and stereotypical motor movements. The present exploratory study investigates coupling of stereotypical body rocking and hand flapping to heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) in a convenience sample (n = 10) of children and young adults with moderate to profound ASD. Motor movements were recorded via video and three-axis accelerometry, and simultaneous electrocardiographic signals were obtained to determine cardiovascular indices at or around the onset of naturalistically occurring stereotypy. Analysis of the heart rate revealed both repetitive body rocking and hand flapping in particular were found to associate with a strikingly similar cardiovascular pattern of acceleration and deceleration unrelated to physical demands associated with the movements themselves. Furthermore, neither type of stereotypical movement provoked directional change in heart rate variability. The implications of these results and opportunities for future research are discussed.
Stereoselective Syntheses of (E)-γ′,δ-Bisboryl-Substituted syn-Homoallylic Alcohols via Chemoselective Aldehyde Allylboration

The development of a novel (Z)-α,δ-bisboryl-substituted crotylboron reagent is reported. Ni-catalyzed 1,4-diboration of dienylboronate provided the targeted crotylboronate in good yield with high regio- and stereoselectivity. Chemo- and stereoselective addition of this crotylboron reagent to aldehydes followed by protection of the resulting secondary hydroxyl group gave TES-protected homoallylic alcohols bearing an alkyl and a vinyl boronate groups with high stereoselectivities.
Fellowship Training Programs in Radiation Oncology: A Snapshot From 2005 to 2017.

Purpose Despite the proliferation of radiation oncology fellowship training programs over the last decade, limited data exist on their actual details. We present findings from a focused survey aiming to evaluate the experiences of fellowship-trained physicians. Methods and Materials A customized 23-item questionnaire was systematically distributed to 127 board-certified or eligible physicians who had completed a radiation oncology fellowship in the United States between 2005 and 2017 and whose contact information was available. The survey queried motivations for pursuing fellowship and aspects of training pertaining to expertise, mentorship, salary, employment outcome, satisfaction, and regret. Results A total of 92 subjects responded. Five were still in fellowship and 3 failed to complete the survey in its entirety, leaving 84 (56 male; 28 female) eligible for analysis. Graduates of US residencies comprised 62% of respondents. The desire to build a career in a particular treatment modality was most commonly cited as the primary motivation for pursuing fellowship (58%), followed by the desire to secure an academic faculty position (16%) and the desire to secure a job in a specific geographic location (14%). Subspecialty fellowships were most often done in proton therapy (27%) and brachytherapy (24%). Among the 26 people who completed proton fellowships, only 10 were currently practicing using protons (38%). The majority of fellows (52%) were compensated between $50,000 and $75,000 annually. Seventy-eight (93%) and 72 (86%) physicians were satisfied with fellowship training and their job after fellowship, respectively. Six of the 52 US graduates (12%) and 0 of the 32 international graduates (0%) reported that they would not recommend fellowship to others. Conclusions The motivations for pursuing radiation oncology fellowships appear to be complex, and variability exists with respect to multiple aspects of training, including those related to satisfaction and employment outcomes.
Hegemony, Ideology, Governmentality: Theorizing State Power after Weber

Max Weber once claimed that the growth of bureaucratic power in late modernity may henceforth render political revolutions impossible. In this article, I stage a conversation between Weber and several of his later interlocuters on the Left. I suggest that the concepts of hegemony (Gramsci), ideology (Althusser), and governmentality (Foucault) can be read, in part, as responses to Weber. These theorists each develop distinct versions of what I call a nominalist theory of power: by starting from the ground up and showing how the state is supported by granular relationships of power that circulate outside its grasp, they hope to discover new modes of resistance and social change. I explore these distinct theories and trace their interconnections. In the end, however, I suggest that nominalist theories of power have inherent limitations and that Weber’s initial diagnosis retains important insights.
How Using a Restricted Grading Range Distorts GPAs and Disproportionately Penalizes Low-Performing Students

This study evaluates how combining multiple grading practices and policies designed to promote excellence, differentiate among high-performing students, or prevent grade inflation at an elite institution affects GPA outcomes for low-performing students. The author evaluated archived performance data from 3,274 cadets completing a required course during a three-year period at the United States Military Academy (USMA) at West Point. Common grading practices use a restricted percentage range with a high cut-off value for the D category (67.0-69.9%), and, although used for other grades, USMA policy prohibits the use of plus/minus demarcations for the D grade in GPA calculations. Grade distributions were highly irregular, and, when combined with the lack of plus/minus demarcations for D’s in GPA calculations, the restricted D range in the grading scale resulted in disproportionate GPA penalties for low-performing students. These penalties masked other notable performance differences at higher levels. Recommendations include (a) conducting a benchmark study to determine the appropriate cut-off score for the current course and (b) conducting a comprehensive, retrospective review of cadets’ academic performance data across different courses and semesters to determine the percentage of cadets affected by the disproportionate penalty before deciding on a future course of action.
Photoreceptors in a mouse model of Leigh syndrome are capable of normal light-evoked signaling

Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important cause of heritable vision loss. Mutations affecting mitochondrial bioenergetics may lead to isolated vision loss or life-threatening systemic disease, depending on a mutation’s severity. Primary optic nerve atrophy resulting from death of retinal ganglion cells is the most prominent ocular manifestation of mitochondrial disease. However, dysfunction of other retinal cell types has also been described, sometimes leading to a loss of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium that manifests clinically as pigmentary retinopathy. A popular mouse model of mitochondrial disease that lacks NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S4 (NDUFS4), a subunit of mitochondrial complex I, phenocopies many traits of the human disease Leigh syndrome, including the development of optic atrophy. It has also been reported that ndufs4−/− mice display diminished light responses at the level of photoreceptors or bipolar cells. By conducting electroretinography (ERG) recordings in live ndufs4−/− mice, we now demonstrate that this defect occurs at the level of retinal photoreceptors. We found that this deficit does not arise from retinal developmental anomalies, photoreceptor degeneration, or impaired regeneration of visual pigment. Strikingly, the impairment of ndufs4−/− photoreceptor function was not observed in ex vivo ERG recordings from isolated retinas, indicating that photoreceptors with complex I deficiency are intrinsically capable of normal signaling. The difference in electrophysiological phenotypes in vivo and ex vivo suggests that the energy deprivation associated with severe mitochondrial impairment in the outer retina renders ndufs4−/− photoreceptors unable to maintain the homeostatic conditions required to operate at their normal capacity.
Exploring the Influences of Assessment Method, Intervention Steps, Intervention Sessions, and Observation Timing on Treatment Fidelity Estimates:

Treatment fidelity data are critical to evaluate intervention effectiveness, yet there are only general guidelines regarding treatment fidelity measurement. Initial investigations have found treatm...