cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Educating the New Southern Woman: Speech, Writing, and Race at the Public Women’s Colleges, 1884–1945, David Gold and Catherine Hobbs

An emerging area of interest for composition and rhetoric researchers concerns southern women’s rhetorical education and practices as a spate of new publications suggest, including Kimberly Harriso...
Quantifying over Possibilities

A person of average height would assert a truth by the conditional �if I were seven feet tall, I would be taller than I am,� in which an indicative clause �I am� is embedded in a subjunctive conditional. By contrast, no one would assert a truth by �if I were seven feet tall, I would be taller than I would be� or �if I am seven feet tall, I am taller than I am�. These examples exemplify the fact that whether a sentence's evaluation remains at the actual world in the scope of a modal or conditional depends on the combination of mood in the embedded and matrix clauses rather than, as is commonly thought, just on the presence of an operator �actually�. This essay argues that this phenomenon provides evidence that mood admits of bound and free readings along the lines of tenses and pronouns. It therefore favors the hypothesis that natural language contains variables and quantifiers for possible worlds in the object language. This, in turn, requires that the truth of a semantic value of a sentence (or whatever structure is embedded in a modal) be relativized to a sequence of worlds rather than to an individual world, and thus be distinguished from a proposition in the traditional sense. The essay also compares the framework defended with an alternative account of similar phenomena by Kai Wehmeier.
Clonidine‐chlorthalidone combination once and twice daily in essential hypertension

The antihypertensive effects of a clonidine-chlorthalidone combination (Combipres) as a single daily dose at bedtime and the same amount in twice-daily doses were compared in an open-label, crossover study in 14 patients. An analysis of the blood pressure and pulse data in nine patients who completed the study revealed no statistically significant differences between the two regimens, and no difference in the incidence of side effects was noted.
Neutrino production of same-sign dimuons at the Fermilab Tevatron

The rate of neutrino- and antineutrino-induced prompt same-sign dimuon production in steel was measured using a sample of μ−μ− events and 25 μ+μ+ events withPμ>9 GeV/c, produced in 1.5 millionvμ and 0.3 million\(\overline {v_\mu }\) induced charged-current events with energies between 30 GeV and 600 GeV. The data were obtained with the Chicago-Columbia-Fermilab-Rochester (CCFR) neutrino detector in the Fermilab Tevatron Quadrupole Triplet Neutrino Beam during experiments E 744 and E 770. After background subtraction, the prompt rate of same-sign dimuon production is (0.53±0.24)×10−4 pervμ charged-current event and (0.52±0.33)×10−4 per\(\overline {v_\mu }\) charged-current event. The kinematic distributions of the same-sign dimuon events after background subtraction are consistent with those of the non-prompt background due to meson decays in the hadron shower of a charged-current event. Calculations ofc\(\bar c\) gluon bremsstrahlung, based on improved measurements of the charm mass parameter and nucleon structure functions by the CCFR collaboration, yield a prompt rate of (0.09±0.39)×10−4 pervμ charged-current event. In this case,c\(\bar c\) gluon bremsstrahlung is probably not an observable source of prompt same-sign dimuons.
HSV-1 ICP22: hijacking host nuclear functions to enhance viral infection

During its productive infection, HSV-1 dramatically remodels the architecture and physiology of the host cell nucleus. The immediate-early proteins, the first viral proteins to be expressed during infection, are key players in this process. Here, we review the known properties and functions of immediate-early protein ICP22. Although this polypeptide has received less attention than other immediate-early proteins, the published evidence indicates that it mediates several striking changes to important host nuclear systems, including those involved in RNA polymerase II transcription, cell cycle regulation and protein quality control. Recent genetic analyses suggest that these alterations can promote HSV-1 productive infection. Thus, future work on ICP22 is likely to reveal novel mechanisms by which herpesviruses, and possibly other DNA viruses, manipulate the host cell nucleus to enhance their replication.
Two-axis model development of cage-rotor brushless doubly-fed machines

A two-axis model of a cage-rotor brushless doubly-fed machine (BDFM) which is suitable for machine and BDFM drive system dynamics studies is presented. The technique enables the two-axis model to be derived from a detailed model recently developed for investigation of design aspects of the machine. Unlike the conventional approaches to self-cascaded machines analysis, this method permits analysis of the machine characteristics in both dynamic and steady state conditions, and also facilitates machine and drive system design by directly correlating machine performance with machine structure and parameters. The approach allows the machine parameters to be calculated from machine geometry and developed into the model parameters. >
Control design for systems in chained form with bounded inputs

Discontinuous, time-invariant controllers have been recently proposed in the literature as an alternative method to stabilize nonholonomic systems. These control laws are not Lipschitz continuous at the origin and hence they may use significant amount of control effort, especially if the initial conditions are close to an equilibrium manifold. We seek to remedy this situation by constructing bounded convergent controllers (with exponential convergence rates) for nonholonomic systems in chained form.
Italian split intransitivity and image schemas: The cognitive linguistics–neuroscience interface

This paper explores the choice between the auxiliaries BE and HAVE with Italian intransitive verbs. Most attempts to account for split intransitivity in Italian, as well as in other Romance languages, can be roughly grouped into two categories: the syntactic perspective and the semantic view. In this article I propose that instead of attempting to identify one single parameter responsible for the choice between BE and HAVE, the Romanists should, as our colleagues in other language families have already done, consider the auxiliary selection in terms of a combination of motivations related to the speakers' conceptualization of the event and to their access to the relevant image schema. This proposition prompts us to reassess the conclusions previously reached by researchers working with aphasic subjects. In addition, it fosters integration between cognitive linguistics and neuroscience by providing a solution to the so-called "Granularity Mismatch Problem."
Investigation of laser plasma instabilities using picosecond laser pulses

A new short-pulse version of the single-hot-spot configuration has been implemented to enhance the performance of experiments to understand Stimulated Raman Scattering. The laser pulse length was reduced from ~200 to ~3 ps. The reduced pulse length improves the experiment by minimizing effects such as plasma hydrodynamic evolution and ponderomotive filamentation of the interaction beam. In addition, the shortened laser pulses allow full length 2D particle-in-cell simulations of the experiments. Using the improved single-hot-spot configuration, a series of experiments to investigate kλD scaling of SRS has been performed. Details of the experimental setup and initial results will be presented.
Smoking and Harm-Reduction Efforts Among Postpartum Women

The authors present findings from a qualitative study on postpartum smoking among low-income women ( N = 44) who had been smokers at the onset of pregnancy. Interview data collected after delivery at Months 1, 3, and 6 postpartum are discussed to explore contextual factors contributing to smoking abstinence, relapse, and harm-reduction practices. By 6 months postpartum, 10 women (23%) had completely quit, 21 women (48%) had reduced their smoking by 50% of their prepregnancy levels, and 7 women (16%) had reduced their smoking by one third of their prepregnancy levels. Thus, the majority of the women were engaging in significant harm-reduction efforts despite being entrenched in high-risk smoking environments where they were provided with few messages to quit. Many mothers were concerned about their moral identity as a smoker and expressed concerns that their child might initiate smoking at an early age. Future programs targeting this population should acknowledge women's harm-reduction efforts in environments where smoking is normative.
Laboratory comparisons of four surface microlayer samplers1

The collection and recovery efficiencies of four surface microlayer samplers used by various investigators, compared under laboratory controlled conditions, reveal significant variations.
Correction of human hemophilia A whole blood abnormalities with a novel bypass agent: zymogen-like FXa(I16L).

Background Approximately 30% of hemophilia A (HA) and 5% of hemophilia B patients develop inhibitors to protein replacement therapy, and this is the major cause of disease-related morbidity in the developed world. We previously developed zymogen-like factor Xa (FXa) molecules with impaired active site maturation, enabling a greater half-life than wild-type FXa while maintaining full procoagulant function in the prothrombinase complex. Here we evaluated the ability of zymogen-like FXa(I16L) to correct whole blood thromboelastometry abnormalities of severe HA subjects with and without inhibitors. Methods Fourteen severe HA subjects without and five with inhibitors were enrolled at baseline ( Fviii C 5 half-lives from factor or bypass therapy. The subjects' whole blood was evaluated by thromboelastography (ROTEM(®) ) using INTEM analysis with two concentrations of FXa(I16L) or recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa). Results With 0.1 nm FXa(I16L) , clot time (CT, in minutes [min]) among HA subjects without and with inhibitors (mean = 2.87 min, 95% CI = 2.58-3.15 min, and mean = 2.9 min, 95% CI = 2.07-3.73 min, respectively) did not significantly differ from control CT (mean = 2.73 min, 95% CI = 2.62-2.85 min). Addition of 20 nm rFVIIa, simulating a 90-μg/kg dose, resulted in significantly prolonged CTs for HA subjects without and with inhibitors (mean = 5.43 min, 95% CI = 4.53-6.35 min, and mean = 4.25 min, 95% CI = 3.32-5.17 min, respectively) relative to controls. Conclusions FXa(I16L) restored thromboelastometry CT to control values in severe HA subjects with and without inhibitors. The findings corroborate previous animal data and demonstrate the first evidence of zymogen-like FXa(I16L) correcting human HA subjects' whole-blood abnormalities and support the use of FXa(I16L) as a novel hemostatic agent.
Impact of Adherence, Knowledge, and Quality of Life on Anticoagulation Control

BACKGROUND:Patients receiving chronic warfarin therapy who have poor anticoagulation control are at increased risk for adverse events. However, it is unknown how adherence to warfarin, patient demographics, patient knowledge about therapy, and perceived impact of warfarin therapy on quality of life are associated with anticoagulation control.OBJECTIVE:To determine the association between these patient factors and anticoagulation control in patients attending 2 anticoagulation clinics in the Bronx, New York City.METHODS:A cross-sectional survey of 52 patients was conducted. The 4-item Morisky survey was used to assess self-reported adherence. Patient knowledge about warfarin therapy and the perceived impact of warfarin therapy on quality of life were determined by self-administered questionnaires. Associations between adherence, patient knowledge, impact of warfarin therapy on quality of life, and anticoagulation control were determined with t-tests, χ2 analysis, and logistic regression.RESULTS:Only 14% of...
Recovering From Cardiac Surgery: What Patients Want You To Know

• BACKGROUND Care of cardiac surgery patients has changed substantially in the past decade, with an emphasis on streamlined procedures and shortened hospital stays. The few qualitative reports of patients’ perspectives of this experience focus primarily on physical complications and discomforts during the immediate postoperative period. • OBJECTIVE To examine patients’ perceptions of the quality of the nursing and medical care they received during their hospital stay after cardiac surgery. • METHODS Data were collected from a consecutive sample of 89 cardiac surgical patients who consented to participate in 2 telephone interviews at 1 week and 6 weeks after hospitalization. Patients responded to a single open-ended question: “What do you want your nurses and doctors to know to help them do a better job?” Thematic extraction analysis of patients’ responses was conducted by using commercially available statistical software. Extracted themes were applied to the structure-processoutcome framework of quality of care. • RESULTS Four major themes (and 12 subthemes) were identified: (1) being satisfied (having a positive experience, getting information), (2) not being cared for (feeling depersonalized, having expectations that did not match recovery experiences, not being listened to, experiencing unprofessional behavior by care providers, experiencing continued care needs after going home), (3) physical needs unmet (sleep, pain, complications, physical environment), and (4) informational needs unmet (needing more or different information). • CONCLUSIONS Patients want nurses and doctors to provide a smooth transition to home, recognize the patients as individuals, prepare them honestly for their experiences with specific information, and manage pain and sleep. (American Journal of Critical Care. 2002;11:333-343)
The Role of Suggestions in Hypnosis for Chronic Pain: A Review of the Literature

Several controlled trials have demonstrated that hypnosis is an efficacious treatment for chronic pain. However, less attention has been given to the specific procedures and suggestions used in hypnotic treatments in research. The goal of this review was to address the issue of differences in the content of hypnotic suggestions, including pain management suggestions, non-pain related suggestions, and posthypnotic suggestions, in the context of published clinical trials of hypnosis for chronic pain management. This review focused on the types of suggestions used in twenty five studies comparing hypnosis to active treatments (e.g., relaxation, biofeedback), non-treatment control groups (e.g., standard care/wait-list control, supportive attention), or both in adult populations with various chronic pain conditions. Overall, these studies found hypnosis to be more effective than non-treatment control groups and similarly effective when compared to active treatments on pain-related outcomes when either pain-related suggestions or non-pain related suggestions were used. However, for studies that included both pain-specific and non-pain related suggestions, hypnosis was found to be superior to active treatments on a variety of pain-related outcomes.
Radiation Therapy for Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas

Radiation therapy is an extraordinarily effective skin-directed therapy for cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Lymphocytes are extremely sensitive to radiation and a complete response is generally achieved even with low doses. Radiation therapy has several important roles in the management of mycosis fungoides. For the rare patient with unilesional disease, radiation therapy alone is potentially curative. For patients with more advanced cutaneous disease, radiation therapy to local lesions or to the entire skin can effectively palliate symptomatic disease and provide local disease control. Compared with other skin-directed therapies, radiation therapy is particularly advantageous because it can effectively penetrate and treat thicker plaques and tumors.
SEDIMENT BACTERIA: Who's There, What Are They Doing, and What's New?

▪ Abstract The prokaryotes (bacteria) comprise the bulk of the biomass and chemical activity in sediments. They are well suited to their role as sediment chemists, as they are the right size and have the required metabolic versatility to oxidize the organic carbon in a variety of different ways. The characteristic vertical nutrient (electron donor and electron acceptor) profiles seen in sediments are produced as a result of microbial activities, with each nutrient a product or reactant of one or more metabolic groups. Thus, understanding the mechanisms by which the chemical environment of a sediment is generated and stabilized requires a knowledge of resident populations, something that has been very difficult to obtain, given the techniques available to microbiologists. However, the new approaches of molecular biology, which have added insights into the phylogenetic relationships of the prokaryotes, have also provided tools whereby sedimentary populations can be examined without the need for culturing th...
The Unexamined Staff Report: Results From an Evaluation of a National Sample

Problem, research strategy, and findings: Municipal planners write staff reports reviewing development applications to submit to planning and zoning commissions. Staff reports are probably planners' most common, but least studied, work products. A small literature provides -guidance on writing better staff reports, but questions remain: What makes a quality staff report; what are their contents; and what is the state of today's staff reports? We summarize the literature on writing staff reports and develop a tool to assess the content of a national sample of staff reports. We analyze whether staff reports include traditional and modern elements. We find that many staff reports provide traditional basic information, but do not summarize that information or use modern formatting tools to make text more comprehensible. Most staff reports reference the comprehensive plan but rarely cite the future land use map or plans of adjacent jurisdictions. Many mention checking traditional public facilities like roads, ...
The Ebb and Flow of the Federal Tax Role of Fiduciary Duties in Family Limited Partnerships: From Byrum to Bongard

The fiduciary duty impact theory developed by the United States Supreme Court in its 1972 Byrum opinion has been one of the most important and controversial developments in estate taxation involving transfers to family controlled entities. In 2003, the Tax Court Strangi III opinion sent shock waves throughout the estate planning community when it became the first case to reject the family limited partnership estate planning technique by expanding the reach of IRC Section 2036. The expansion was largely achieved by rejecting the 1972 Byrum fiduciary duty impact theory that had been utilized, with IRS sanction, to negate the application of Section 2036. Faced with mounting failures on other theories, the Service reversed course and turned to Section 2036 with an attempt to factually distinguish Byrum. In many ways, Strangi III presented government friendly facts. Albert Strangi made a deathbed transfer of 97% of his personal and investment assets to a family limited partnership formed and managed by his son-in-law under a power of attorney. In this highly charged set of facts, the constraining fiduciary duty feature of Byrum was not well served. There was no transfer of an operating business with a substantial unrelated minority ownership interest to add substance and real meaning to the fiduciary duties. No matter how strenuously argued, fiduciary duties owed in a friendly family limited partnership are simply too rarely enforced to add meaning. Unfortunately, armed with its Strangi III victory, the Service ramped up the Byrum-slayer theory and applied it to totally different facts in Bongard and was rewarded with an unwarranted victory. Unlike the deathbed investment asset transfers in Strangi III, the Bongard transfers were by a healthy businessman of his ownership in a successful operating business with a very substantial cadre of unrelated Japanese corporations. In this Article, Professor Bishop analyzes the origins and legacy of the theory to challenge conventional Bongard-styled wisdom. Professor Bishop chronicles the statutory development of IRC § 2036 and the fiduciary duty impact theory to demonstrate that the theory arose to deal with specific instances of control over property transferred to family members rather than transfers to a family entity controlled by the transferor. For this reason, the theory was not initially utilized to attack transfers to controlled entities. The theory's recent deployment arose because of the failure of other theories and not because of its logical force. As a result Bongard and its likely progeny are aberrations and not a proper basis for extending the theory to contravene a valid and existing Supreme Court Byrum opinion. As in 1976 when it enacted Section 2036(b) to negate Byrum in the context of transfers of voting stock while retaining the vote, Congress and not the Courts must remedy the alleged estate tax abuse in the form of family limited partnerships.
‘Tell your own story’: manhood, masculinity and racial socialization among black fathers and their sons

ABSTRACTThis study examines how black fathers and sons in the USA conceptualize manhood and masculinity and the racial socializing practices of black men. Drawing upon data from an ethnography on black male schooling, this paper uses the interviews with fathers and sons to explore how race and gender intersect in how black males make meaning of their gendered performances. Common notions of manhood are articulated, including independence, responsibility and providership. However, race and gender intersect in particular ways for black men. The fathers engaged in particular racial socializing practices preparing their sons for encounters with racism. Both fathers and sons adopted black existentialist perspectives, emphasizing self-determination and resilience as racially and politically motivated acts of resistance. Finally, the paper describes how the fathers modelled to their sons how to navigate racialized spaces as black men.
Detection of luteotropic and mammotropic activity in the serum of rats at midpregnancy.

SummarySerum obtained from rats during various stages of pregnancy was assessed for luteotropic and mammotropic activity. The data presented indicated that there was a marked increase in the activity of serum of rats pregnant 12 days but undetectable amounts were found in rats pregnant 11 or 13 days. There is reason to believe that this activity is of placental origin, but the physiologic significance and the mechanism of this surge remain to be elucidated.
Biomimetic Kinetic Resolution: Highly Enantio- and Diastereoselective Transfer Hydrogenation of Aglain Ketones To Access Flavagline Natural Products

We have previously reported asymmetric syntheses and absolute configuration assignments of the aglains (+)-ponapensin and (+)-elliptifoline and proposed a biosynthetic kinetic resolution process to produce enantiomeric rocaglamides and aglains. Herein, we report a biomimetic approach for the synthesis of enantiomerically enriched aglains and rocaglamides via kinetic resolution of a bridged ketone utilizing enantioselective transfer hydrogenation. The methodology has been employed to synthesize and confirm the absolute stereochemistries of the pyrimidone rocaglamides (+)-aglaiastatin and (−)-aglaroxin C. Additionally, the enantiomers and racemate of each metabolite were assayed for inhibition of the heat-shock response, cytotoxicity, and translation inhibition.
Intermittent Stem Cell Cycling Balances Self-Renewal and Senescence of the C. elegans Germ Line

Self-renewing organs often experience a decline in function in the course of aging. It is unclear whether chronological age or external factors control this decline, or whether it is driven by stem cell self-renewal-for example, because cycling cells exhaust their replicative capacity and become senescent. Here we assay the relationship between stem cell cycling and senescence in the Caenorhabditis elegans reproductive system, defining this senescence as the progressive decline in "reproductive capacity," i.e. in the number of progeny that can be produced until cessation of reproduction. We show that stem cell cycling diminishes remaining reproductive capacity, at least in part through the DNA damage response. Paradoxically, gonads kept under conditions that preclude reproduction keep cycling and producing cells that undergo apoptosis or are laid as unfertilized gametes, thus squandering reproductive capacity. We show that continued activity is in fact beneficial inasmuch as gonads that are active when reproduction is initiated have more sustained early progeny production. Intriguingly, continued cycling is intermittent-gonads switch between active and dormant states-and in all likelihood stochastic. Other organs face tradeoffs whereby stem cell cycling has the beneficial effect of providing freshly-differentiated cells and the detrimental effect of increasing the likelihood of cancer or senescence; stochastic stem cell cycling may allow for a subset of cells to preserve proliferative potential in old age, which may implement a strategy to deal with uncertainty as to the total amount of proliferation to be undergone over an organism's lifespan.
Skin and wound issues in patients with Parkinson's disease: an overview of common disorders.

Parkinson's Disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that is expected to increase in coming decades as the American population continues to age. Although the motor dysfunction (bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity) of Parkinson's Disease is well described in the literature, the nonmotor dysfunction related to autonomic system changes is not as commonly addressed. Ironically, nonmotor changes, such as seborrhea, sialorrhea, hyperhidrosis, and sensory denervation occur earlier in the disease process and exert a profound effect on patients' quality of life. The depletion of dopamine, a critically important neurotransmitter, is the critical pathology of Parkinson's disease. Therapies targeting this abnormality and the effect of insufficient dopamine itself can affect the integumentary system and potentially wound healing. The purpose of this review is to describe changes in the autonomic nervous system due to Parkinson's Disease with a focused overview of common skin and wound care issues that may affect wound care clinician practice. Implications for nurses and other clinicians caring for Parkinson's Disease patients include surveillance for melanoma and other skin cancers, skin protection against excessive moisture or the effects of insufficient moisture, monitoring of wound healing progress, and interventions to prevent or ameliorate complications of immobility.
Curvelet filter based prescreener for explosive hazard detection in hand-held ground penetrating radar

Explosive hazards, above and below ground, are a serious threat to civilians and soldiers. In an attempt to mitigate these threats, different forms of explosive hazard detection (EHD) exist; e.g., multi-sensor hand-held platforms, downward looking and forward looking vehicle mounted platforms, etc. Robust detection of these threats resides in the processing and fusion of different data from multiple sensing modalities, e.g., radar, infrared, electromagnetic induction (EMI), etc. Herein, we focus on a new energy-based prescreener in hand-held ground penetrating radar (GPR). First, we Curvelet filter B-scan signal data using either Reverse-Reconstruction followed by Enhancement (RRE) or selectivity with respect to wedge information in the Curvelet transform. Next, we aggregate the result of a bank of matched filters and run a size contrast filter with Bhattacharyya distance. Alarms are then combined using weighted mean shift clustering. Results are demonstrated in the context of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve performance on data from a U. S. Army test site that contains multiple target and clutter types, burial depths and times of the day.
Control of spin-orbit torques through crystal symmetry in WTe2/ferromagnet bilayers

A link between crystalline symmetry and the allowed symmetries of spin–orbit torques provides a route for manipulating magnetic devices with perpendicular anisotropy.
Time-Based Bandwidth Allocation for Heterogeneous Storage

Providing fairness and system efficiency are important, often conflicting, requirements when allocating shared resources. In a hybrid storage system the problem is complicated by the high variability in request service times, caused by speed differences between heterogeneous devices and workload-specific variations in access time within a device.This paper describes a model for fair time-based resource allocation in a hybrid storage system that has better fairness and efficiency than traditional IOPS-based schemes. An analytical model is developed and an optimal algorithm for fairly allocating device times to applications while maximizing the system throughput or utilization is presented. The results are validated using Linux implementations.
Malnutrition and Drug Metabolism in Fetal and Neonatal Animals

Protein-calorie malnutrition in experimental animals resulted in a complex picture of changes in various drug-metabolic pathways. The need for these studies is discussed in the context that undernutrition is prevalent in many countries and coincides with many intercurrent illnesses in the affected populations. The need of these affected populations for appropriate therapies is recognized, and these therapies should be based on scientific principles rather than on empiricism.
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Palatogenesis

Palatogenesis involves the initiation, growth, morphogenesis, and fusion of the primary and secondary palatal shelves from initially separate facial prominences during embryogenesis to form the intact palate separating the oral cavity from the nostrils. The palatal shelves consist mainly of cranial neural crest-derived mesenchymal cells covered by a simple embryonic epithelium. The growth and patterning of the palatal shelves are controlled by reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions regulated by multiple signaling pathways and transcription factors. During palatal shelf outgrowth, the embryonic epithelium develops a "teflon" coat consisting of a single, continuous layer of periderm cells that prevents the facial prominences and palatal shelves from forming aberrant interepithelial adhesions. Palatal fusion involves not only spatiotemporally regulated disruption of the periderm but also dynamic cellular and molecular processes that result in adhesion and intercalation of the palatal medial edge epithelia to form an intershelf epithelial seam, and subsequent dissolution of the epithelial seam to form the intact roof of the oral cavity. The complexity of regulation of these morphogenetic processes is reflected by the common occurrence of cleft palate in humans. This review will summarize major recent advances and discuss major remaining gaps in the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling palatogenesis.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation of the Pancreatic Tumors: A Promising Tool in Management of Pancreatic Tumors

Objective. Radiofrequency ablation is a well-established antitumor treatment and is recognized as one of the least invasive therapeutic modalities for pancreatic neoplasm. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (EUS-RFA) delivery can be used to treat both pancreatic cancer and asymptomatic premalignant pancreatic neoplasms and may serve as a less invasive alternative to surgical resection. This is an appealing option that may result in less morbidity and mortality. The aim of this review was to summarize and evaluate the clinical and technical effectiveness of EUS-guided RFA of pancreatic neoplasms. Methods. A through literature review was performed to identify the studies describing this novel technique. In this review article, we have summarized human case series. The indications, techniques, limitations, and complications reported are discussed. Results. A total of six studies were included. Overall, a 100% technical success rate was reported in human studies. Complications related to endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation delivery have been described; however, few cases have presented life-threatening outcomes. Conclusion. We believe that this novel technique can be a safe and effective alternative approach in the management of selected patients.
Behavioral Reasoning on Semantic Business Processes in a Rule-Based Framework

We propose a representation method for semantically enriched business processes by combining in a uniform logical framework both the procedural and the domain dependent knowledge. First, we define a rule-based procedural semantics for a relevant fragment of BPMN, a very popular graphical notation for specifying business processes. Our semantics defines a state transition system by following an approach similar to the Fluent Calculus, and allows us to specify state change in terms of preconditions and effects of the enactment of activities. Then, we show how the procedural process knowledge can be seamlessly integrated with the domain knowledge specified by using the OWL-RL rule-based ontology language. As a result, our framework provides a wide range of reasoning services by using standard logic programming inference engines.
Efficacy of Peer Support Interventions in General Education Classrooms for High School Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Even with inclusive general education classrooms, high school students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have few social interactions with classmates. Peer support arrangements hold promise for increasing peer interactions and shared learning within general education classrooms. However, previous evaluations of this intervention have focused narrowly on adolescents with severe intellectual disability. In this pilot study, we examined the impact and social validity of peer support arrangements for four high school students with ASD. All four students increased their social interactions with peers, while academic engagement either increased or maintained for three students. Social validity data from peer partners and students indicated they considered the intervention acceptable. We discuss limitations and offer recommendations for future research and practice aimed at enhancing social connections within inclusive classrooms.
Demo: Robust face recognition via sparse representation

This work builds on the method of to create a prototype access control system, capable of handling variations in illumination and expression, as well as significant occlusion or disguise. Our demonstration will allow participants to interact with the algorithm, gaining a better understanding strengths and limitations of sparse representation as a tool for robust recognition.
Barriers to Employment for Transition-age Youth with Developmental and Psychiatric Disabilities

Youth with developmental and psychiatric disabilities encounter significant vocational challenges, even when they receive supported employment services. We examined the barriers to employment for 280 transition-age youth with disabilities enrolled in supported employment in eight community rehabilitation centers. Employment team members identified each youth's top three barriers to employment using a 21-item checklist. Lack of work experience, transportation problems, and program engagement issues represented common barriers for both youth with developmental disabilities (53, 36, and 25%) and youth with psychiatric disabilities (20, 33, and 26%). Additional common barriers among youth with developmental disabilities included cognitive problems (32%) and lack of social skills (23%) and among youth with psychiatric disabilities included poor control of psychiatric symptoms (23%). Despite receiving evidence-based employment services, youth with disabilities encounter many barriers to employment. Awareness of typical barriers for transition-age youth, including those specific to different disability groups, may help employment programs anticipate challenges and develop strategies that avoid these barriers and their effects on employment opportunities.
THE ~2D ABSORTION SPECTRUM OF Al I: A MQDT ANALYSIS

The Multichannel Quantum Defect Theory (MQDT) has been applied to the analysis of the 2 D absorption spectrum of atomic aluminium. The model consists of the mixing of three dissociation channels with different ionization thresholds. By suitably taking the values of the eigen-parameters μ α ,D α which depend on electron energy and on the transformation matrix elements U iα , the 2 D autoionization spectrum between the first and second ionization limits is calculated and the result is compared with Roig's measurements. Extending the se parameters to the region of discrete spectrum, we obtained the Rydberg series of 2 D energy levels as well as their oscillator strengths which also coincide with the analyses of Lin and Weiss and related experiments.
Self-Control and Immigrant Adolescent Victimization:

There is a growing body of research that reveal immigrant adolescents have fewer experiences with violence than their native-born peers in the United States. Furthermore, self-control is associated with adolescent victimization and there is documented sex differences associated with the relationship between the two. Few studies explore how self-control could explain the relationship between immigrant status and victimization. This study will explore whether self-control moderates the likelihood of female and male immigrant adolescent victimization. Drawing on data from the Gang Resistance Education and Training Program, results show that immigrant adolescents are not more likely to experience victimization, self-control predicted the odds of victimization for females only, and the link between immigration status and victimization is not conditioned by self-control. The implications of the relationship between self-control, immigrant status, sex, and adolescent victimization are discussed more generally.
Validation of Interruption Management Stage Model: Can We Develop the Human Cognitive Behavior Model in Interruptive Working Environment?

Interruptions are prevalent phenomena in modern working environments, and their negative effects are widely admitted; yet, few studies have been conducted on how to successfully manage unnecessary interruption, and there are not many interface design guidelines to minimize the negative effects of interruptions. Using a customized computer software tool, a study was carried out to investigate the effects of interruptions on the different types of interruption management stages. The results showed that the scheduled stage showed the best quantitative performance (F[2, 331] = 4.71, p < 0.01) and the negotiated stage demonstrated the best qualitative performance (F[2, 74] = 7.85, p < 0.001). The results provide potential interface design guidelines in interruptive human - system interactions.
Rectified-linear and recurrent neural networks built with spin devices

A spin synapse with analog programmability using all charge current is proposed. Compared with using spin current, the proposed all-charge-current synapses can be placed in a larger cross-bar array to form a denser and larger neural network. Using the current summation, DOT product can be realized. We further employ a compact racetrack converter as the neuron to implement a rectified-linear neural network, saving area by 67% and energy by 69% compared with a spin binary-threshold neural network while achieving similar accuracy with MNIST digit recognition benchmark. Storing the domain wall motion in a time-based fashion, a recurrent neural network can be realized for time-involved inference tasks.
HIV stigma perceptions and sexual risk behaviors among black young women

ABSTRACTStudies on HIV/AIDS routinely identify stigma as a barrier to both reducing sexual risk and increasing protective behaviors. Due to the high rates of HIV infections among Black females in the United States, this exploratory study examined stigma perceptions and their associations with risk behaviors in a sample of 281 Black females aged 18–23 attending family planning clinics. Participants completed the HIV/AIDS Stigma scale which has three sub-scales assessing knowledge, subjective, and community stigma. Risk behaviors were also measured. The majority of participants demonstrated a lack of knowledge about HIV transmission pathways, some displayed self-shaming attitudes associated with an HIV diagnosis, and perceived stigma from the community. Overall, there were no associations between the stigma subscales and risk behaviors. Since there are major inconsistences in knowledge, stigma and behaviors among sexually active Black female youth, HIV education must address both stigma and risk behaviors a...
An Overview of Adolescent Mental Health

The journey to adulthood includes a number of challenges. Often called “the tasks of adolescence,” they include the achievement of biological and sexual maturation, the development of personal identity, the development of intimate sexual relationships with an appropriate peer, and the establishment of independence and autonomy. It is no surprise that the road may be rocky.
Sanitation and religion in South Asia: what accounts for differences across countries?

Exposure to open defecation has serious consequences for child mortality, health, and human capital development. South Asia has the highest rates of open defecation worldwide, and although the incidence declines as household income rises, differences across South Asian countries are not explained by differences in per capita income. The rate of open defecation in sub-national regions of Bangladesh, India and Nepal is highly correlated with the fraction of the population that identifies as Hindu, in part because certain rituals of purity and pollution discourage having latrines in close proximity to one's home. Almost all open defecation occurs in rural areas, and this paper estimates how much the rate could be reduced if rural households in regions that have a higher fraction of Hindus, where open defecation is still common, altered their behaviour to reflect that of non-Hindu households in regions that are predominantly non-Hindu, where the rate of open defecation is much lower. Using nonparametric reweighting methods, this paper projects that rural open defecation in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal could be reduced to rates of between 6 and 8 per cent, compared to the prevailing level of 65 per cent.
Masters of the universe: children's toys as reflections on contemporary psychoanalytic theory

The emergence of contemporary object relations theory and self psychology as potent theoretical forces has led to rich discussion with far-reaching implications for clinical, developmental, and metapsychological theory. This article examines these developments using as a medium the Masters of the Universe figures and stories, which have captured the imaginations of a broad spectrum of phallic-oedipal and oedipal-aged children. A series of interrelated theoretical questions will be discussed: (1) the nature and character of aggressive drives and whether these are innate and instinctual or disintegration products secondary to emphatic failure; (2) the extent of internalization of mental representations at this point in development; and (3) the status of Kohut's "grandiose self" and "idealized object" vis-a-vis traditional perspectives on phallic-oedipal and oedipal development.
A Patient-Facing Diabetes Dashboard Embedded in a Patient Web Portal: Design Sprint and Usability Testing.

Background: Health apps and Web-based interventions designed for patients with diabetes offer novel and scalable approaches to engage patients and improve outcomes. However, careful attention to the design and usability of these apps and Web-based interventions is essential to reduce the barriers to engagement and maximize use. Objective: The aim of this study was to apply design sprint methodology paired with mixed-methods, task-based usability testing to design and evaluate an innovative, patient-facing diabetes dashboard embedded in an existing patient portal and integrated into an electronic health record. Methods: We applied a 5-day design sprint methodology developed by Google Ventures (Alphabet Inc, Mountain View, CA) to create our initial dashboard prototype. We identified recommended strategies from the literature for using patient-facing technologies to enhance patient activation and designed a dashboard functionality to match each strategy. We then conducted a mixed-methods, task-based usability assessment of dashboard prototypes with individual patients. Measures included validated metrics of task performance on 5 common and standardized tasks, semistructured interviews, and a validated usability satisfaction questionnaire. After each round of usability testing, we revised the dashboard prototype in response to usability findings before the next round of testing until the majority of participants successfully completed tasks, expressed high satisfaction, and identified no new usability concerns (ie, stop criterion was met). Results: The sample (N=14) comprised 5 patients in round 1, 3 patients in round 2, and 6 patients in round 3, at which point we reached our stop criterion. The participants’ mean age was 63 years (range 45-78 years), 57% (8/14) were female, and 50% (7/14) were white. Our design sprint yielded an initial patient-facing diabetes dashboard prototype that displayed and summarized 5 measures of patients’ diabetes health status (eg, hemoglobin A1c). The dashboard used graphics to visualize and summarize health data and reinforce understanding, incorporated motivational strategies (eg, social comparisons and gamification), and provided educational resources and secure-messaging capability. More than 80% of participants were able to successfully complete all 5 tasks using the final prototype. Interviews revealed usability concerns with design, the efficiency of use, and content and terminology, which led to improvements. Overall satisfaction (0=worst and 7=best) improved from the initial to the final prototype (mean 5.8, SD 0.4 vs mean 6.7, SD 0.5). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the utility of the design sprint methodology paired with mixed-methods, task-based usability testing to efficiently and effectively design a patient-facing, Web-based diabetes dashboard that is satisfying for patients to use.
Thermal Percolation Threshold and Thermal Properties of Composites with High Loading of Graphene and Boron Nitride Fillers

We investigated thermal properties of the epoxy-based composites with the high loading fraction-up to f ≈ 45 vol %-of the randomly oriented electrically conductive graphene fillers and electrically insulating boron nitride fillers. It was found that both types of the composites revealed a distinctive thermal percolation threshold at the loading fraction fT > 20 vol %. The graphene loading required for achieving thermal percolation, fT, was substantially higher than the loading, fE, for electrical percolation. Graphene fillers outperformed boron nitride fillers in the thermal conductivity enhancement. It was established that thermal transport in composites with high filler loadings, f ≥ fT, is dominated by heat conduction via the network of percolating fillers. Unexpectedly, we determined that the thermal transport properties of the high loading composites were influenced strongly by the cross-plane thermal conductivity of the quasi-two-dimensional fillers. The obtained results shed light on the debated mechanism of the thermal percolation, and facilitate the development of the next generation of the efficient thermal interface materials for electronic applications.
The Nature of Energy Received from the Sun—The Analogies with Water Waves and SoundOpen image in new window

In this chapter we have covered two topics, which may have seemed unrelated to our goal of understanding climate change. We started by looking at water waves.