cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of Energy Gain and Subsystem Characteristics on Fusion Propulsion Performance Balances

Rapid transportation of large payloads and human crews to destinations throughout the solar system will require propulsion systems having not only very high exhaust velocities (I (sub sp) greater than or equal to 10 (exp 4) to 10 (exp 5) sec) but also extremely low mass-power ratios (alpha less than or equal to 10 (exp -1) kg/kW). Such low a are difficult to achieve with power-limited propulsion systems. but may be attainable with fusion and other high I (sub SP) nuclear concepts that produce energy within the propellant. The magnitude of this energy gain is of fundamental importance. It must be large enough to sustain the nuclear process while still providing a high jet power relative to the massive power-intensive subsystems associated with these types of concepts. This paper evaluates the energy gain and mass-power characteristics required for a consistent with 1-year roundtrip planetary missions ranging up to 100 AU. Central to this analysis is an equation for overall system a, which is derived from the power balance of a generalized "gain-limited" propulsion system. Results show that the gain required to achieve alpha approximately 10 (exp -1) kg/kW with foreseeable subsystem technology can vary from 50 to as high as 10,000, which is 2 to 5 orders of magnitude greater than current state-of-the art. However, order of magnitude improvements in propulsion subsystem mass and efficiency could reduce gain requirements to 10 to 1,000 - still a very challenging goal.
IMMUNOLOGICAL, ENZYMOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A LARGE SOMATOSTATIN-LIKE POLYPEPTIDE 1

From ovine hypothalamus, a large somatostatin (SS)-like polypeptide of an apparent molecular weight of 3000 to 4500 (4KSS) was purified to homogeneity. Its amino acid sequence from residue 1 to residue 28 was found identical to the primary structure of SS-28 isolated from porcine upper small intestine by Pradayrol et al . (1980). The amino acid composition of 4KSS deviated by 1 glycine from the composition of SS-28 indicating the possibility that 4KSS may be SS-28 C-terminally extended by glycine.
Stress measurement using speech: Recent advancements, validation issues, and ethical and privacy considerations

Life stress is a well-established risk factor for a variety of mental and physical health problems, including anxiety disorders, depression, chronic pain, heart disease, asthma, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. The purpose of this article is to describe emerging approaches for assessing stress using speech, which we do by reviewing the methodological advantages of these digital health tools, and the validation, ethical, and privacy issues raised by these technologies. As we describe, it is now possible to assess stress via the speech signal using smartphones and smart speakers that employ software programs and artificial intelligence to analyze several features of speech and speech acoustics, including pitch, jitter, energy, rate, and length and number of pauses. Because these digital devices are ubiquitous, we can now assess individuals' stress levels in real time in almost any natural environment in which people speak. These technologies thus have great potential for advancing digital health initiatives that involve continuously monitoring changes in psychosocial functioning and disease risk over time. However, speech-based indices of stress have yet to be well-validated against stress biomarkers (e.g., cortisol, cytokines) that predict disease risk. In addition, acquiring speech samples raises the possibility that conversations intended to be private could one day be made public; moreover, obtaining real-time psychosocial risk information prompts ethical questions regarding how these data should be used for medical, commercial, and personal purposes. Although assessing stress using speech thus has enormous potential, there are critical validation, privacy, and ethical issues that must be addressed.
A versatile macro-based neurohistological image analysis suite for ImageJ focused on automated and standardized user interaction and reproducible data output.

Abstract Background The development and increasing adoption of advanced microscopy imaging technologies, including high resolution, multi-dimensional digital photography and multiple fluorescence channel acquisition, as well as the availability of inexpensive terabyte-capacity storage, have enabled research laboratories to pursue neurohistological imaging experiments involving multiple neurochemical probes and experimental conditions covering a variety of brain regions. Analyzing and processing the resulting datasets, composed of hundreds of micrographs, presents challenges in ensuring accuracy and reproducibility under demanding time and training constraints. New method The ‘Custom Macros’ plugin suite for ImageJ automates and systematizes user interaction in neurohistological image analysis tasks, including region selection and thresholding, point/object counts, area measurement, batch filter processing, and data review. Written in the accessible ImageJ macro language, the plugin implements a user login-based data storage framework and facilitates inter-laboratory collaboration over cloud file server clients. Results A macro-based interface approach integrates dozens of novel operations, software interactions, algorithm calls, and background tasks into individual shortcut commands. Every completed procedure generates image, region, and calibrated measurement records that are saved in a standardized folder structure. Comparisons with existing methods Plugin installation adds startup access to a persistent interface layer of extensive and streamlined functionality that is generalizable to a variety of neurohistological contexts, thus providing an efficient and reliable alternative to the use of analysis software in an unstructured, provisional manner that necessitates repeated menu and plugin interaction. Conclusions Our free/open-source software provides researchers a straightforward solution to addressing daunting usability and data oversight issues, ultimately making efficient, accessible, and reproducible image analysis methodology attainable for many laboratories.
Developing Savoring Interventions for Use in Multicultural Contexts: Bridging the East-West Divide

Savoring is the capacity to attend to positive experiences and intentionally engage in thoughts and behaviors to regulate positive feelings that arise during those experiences. Greater enjoyment can occur through an increase in savoring responses that amplify the duration and intensity of positive feelings or through a decrease in responses that dampen positive feelings. Savoring is associated with greater psychological well-being, and evidence supports the effectiveness of savoring interventions for increasing happiness and life satisfaction. However, most savoring interventions, and positive psychological interventions more broadly, have been developed from a Western perspective, and may not be optimal for use in other cultures. Indeed, research suggests that the cultural backgrounds of participants should be considered before implementing savoring interventions. Differences in collectivistic versus individualistic motivations, fear of happiness, dialectical thinking, and traditional Asian (Confucian) values versus traditional Western values may limit the applicability of Western-based savoring interventions in Eastern cultures. For instance, a savoring intervention developed in a Western culture and designed to amplify positive feelings might not be appropriate for recipients who adhere to traditional Asian values, such as emotional self-control and humility. Instead, when implemented in an Eastern culture, this type of savoring intervention might better be modified to reduce dampening rather than to increase amplifying in response to positive events. This chapter provides a theoretical and empirical overview of savoring, describes key differences in savoring between Western and Eastern cultures, and discusses the implications of East-West cultural distinctions for shaping interventions designed to enhance savoring in the two types of cultures. Synthesizing these conceptual distinctions, we present an integrative heuristic model that provides a conceptual lens through which researchers can adapt savoring interventions across Eastern and Western cultures.
Inter-Rater Judge Agreement in Forensic Competition.

This experimental study asked if agreement between speech contestant evaluators could be increased through training. Evaluators with differing amounts of judging background were compared for agreem...
Molecular Mechanisms of Amphetamines

There is a plethora of amphetamine derivatives exerting stimulant, euphoric, anti-fatigue, and hallucinogenic effects; all structural properties allowing these effects are contained within the amphetamine structure. In the first part of this review, the interaction of amphetamine with the dopamine transporter (DAT), crucially involved in its behavioral effects, is covered, as well as the role of dopamine synthesis, the vesicular monoamine transporter VMAT2, and organic cation 3 transporter (OCT3). The second part deals with requirements in amphetamine's effect on the kinases PKC, CaMKII, and ERK, whereas the third part focuses on where we are in developing anti-amphetamine therapeutics. Thus, treatments are discussed that target DAT, VMAT2, PKC, CaMKII, and OCT3. As is generally true for the development of therapeutics for substance use disorder, there are multiple preclinically promising specific compounds against (meth)amphetamine, for which further development and clinical trials are badly needed.
Women's Preferences for Maternal and Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality in Childbirth.

Purpose. To measure utility values that describe women’s willingness to tradeoff maternal morbidity for fetal benefit among pregnant and nonpregnant women of reproductive age. Methods. We recruited...
Immunologic Effects of An Oral BRAF Inhibitor in a BRAF Wild-Type Murine Model

Abstract Abstract 4935 Introduction: Metastatic melanoma represents a clinical challenge as aggressive therapy often results in unacceptable toxicity and less intensive therapy results in suboptimal clinical outcomes. PLX-4032 is an orally available small molecule which targets constitutively activated BRAFV600E in melanoma cells. BRAF is an important regulator of cell growth, proliferation and migration. We examined the effect of PLX-4032 on the immune system in two BRAF wild type murine systems: the first to determine the effect of PLX-4032 on cytokine production and the second to determine any functional immune effect of PLX-4032 in an insulinoma model. Methods: Effect of PLX-4032 on cytokine production: B10.D2 BRAF WT mice were injected with CD8 lymphocytes expressing a TCR specific for HA518-526 peptide (clone 1) and CD4 lymphocytes expressing a TCR specific for HA110-119 peptide (SFE) on Day 0 and concurrently simulated with appropriate peptide, incomplete Freund's adjuvant, and poly IC. Mice received PLX-4032 200mg/kg or placebo daily for 5 days. On day 6, splenic lymphocytes were harvested and flow cytometry performed to determine CD4 and CD8 IL2, IFN gamma, and TNF alpha production. Effect of PLX-4032 on functional immune response: B10.D2 BRAF WT rat insulin promoter (RIP)-Tag2-hemagglutinin mice bearing insulinoma were injected with clone 1 and SFE lymphocytes on Day 0 and received concurrent stimulation as above. Mice received PLX-4032 200mg/kg or placebo daily for 30 days and serum glucose levels were monitored weekly. Results: Effect of PLX-4032 on cytokine production: We noted no significant difference in the absolute number of splenic lymphocytes recovered in the two groups. There was no significant difference in the percent of CD8+ clone 1 cells producing TNF alpha, IL2 or IFN gamma. There was similarly no significant difference in the percent of CD4+/SFE lymphocytes recovered between the treatment and control groups, nor was there a significant difference in the percent of cells producing IFN gamma. Effect of PLX-4032 on functional immune response: Treatment with PLX-4032 resulted in no significant inhibition of the immune response of transferred lymphocytes against insulinoma. Mice in both groups developed significantly elevated serum glucose levels at the same time and remained diabetic for a similar duration. Discussion: Our data demonstrate that PLX-4032 does not appear to exert a quantitative or functional effect on the immune system in BRAF WT mice. Melanoma therapies often include medications which augment patient immune function or specifically target immune regulation; these data suggest that PLX-4032 does not inhibit normal immune function and therefore may have a role in combination with immunologically directed therapy, possibly resulting in synergistic anti-tumor effect by targeting multiple pathways involved in tumor survival. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
What is clinician presence? A qualitative interview study comparing physician and non-physician insights about practices of human connection.

Objective We sought to investigate the concept and practices of ‘clinician presence’, exploring how physicians and professionals create connection, engage in interpersonal interaction, and build trust with individuals across different circumstances and contexts. Design In 2017–2018, we conducted qualitative semistructured interviews with 10 physicians and 30 non-medical professionals from the fields of protective services, business, management, education, art/design/entertainment, social services, and legal/personal services. Setting Physicians were recruited from primary care clinics in an academic medical centre, a Veterans Affairs clinic, and a federally qualified health centre. Participants Participants were 55% men and 45% women; 40% were non-white. Results Qualitative analyses yielded a definition of presence as a purposeful practice of awareness, focus, and attention with the intent to understand and connect with individuals/patients. For both medical and non-medical professionals, creating presence requires managing and considering time and environmental factors; for physicians in particular, this includes managing and integrating technology. Listening was described as central to creating the state of being present. Within a clinic, presence might manifest as a physician listening without interrupting, focusing intentionally on the patient, taking brief re-centering breaks throughout a clinic day, and informing patients when attention must be redirected to administrative or technological demands. Conclusions Clinician presence involves learning to step back, pause, and be prepared to receive a patient’s story. Building on strategies from physicians and non-medical professionals, clinician presence is best enacted through purposeful intention to connect, conscious navigation of time, and proactive management of technology and the environment to focus attention on the patient. Everyday practice or ritual supporting these strategies could support physician self-care as well as physician-patient connection.
Tagraxofusp for Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm

Tagraxofusp, a CD123-targeted immunotoxin, is the first FDA-approved treatment for patients 2 years and older with blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN). It has been shown to be safe and effective in treatment-naive and previously treated adult patients, with high rates of successful bridging to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The pediatric experience is more limited but demonstrates safety. Given the risk of potentially fatal capillary leak syndrome with tagraxofusp, judicious patient selection is recommended. Combination therapy with hypomethylating agents and/or BCL-2 inhibitors are rational next lines of investigation, especially in patients ineligible to receive high-dose chemotherapy.
PRI Characteristics Analysis under Complex Environment of Spurious and Missing observations

In ESM receivers, Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI) estimation is an important part of emitter identification and tracking. Under poor SNR conditions, some of the received pulses are less likely to be detected causing a significant error in PRI type and period estimation. The same effect is observed if the receiver detects the multipath reflection based spurious pulses inducing false PRIs. This paper proposes a novel algorithm for diagnosing the presence of missing or false periods in estimated PRI stream. The proposed algorithm calibrates the PRI modulation detection thresholds and re-aligns the estimated PRI vector by removal of the missing/spurious periods. The algorithm is evaluated against different input configurations of fixed, staggered, slide and jittered PRIs. It is investigated through simulations that the PRI modulation type is highly effected by incorporation of false PRIs. The estimation performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by Monte-Carlo iterations. It is concluded through simulations that if the PRI estimation thresholds are calibrated for detection and removal of the missing/spurious pulses, the estimation inaccuracies can effectively be compensated.
Relationship between Nintendo's Wii balance board derived variables and clinical balance scores in individuals with stroke.

Abstract Background The Wii Balance Board (WBB) is widely studied as a balance testing platform and is reliable in detecting changes in the body’s center of pressure (COP). However, the relationship between WBB derived measures and clinical tests of balance is currently unknown. Research question To investigate the association between static and dynamic COP measures from the WBB with balance tests commonly used in chronic stroke. Methods This retrospective study included sixty-nine individuals with stroke who performed the Berg Balance Score (BBS), the Mini-BESTest and WBB assessments as a part of their baseline measurements. The WBB assessments included body weight symmetry and a dynamic target matching task that measured Reaction Time (RT) and Completion Time (CT). Results Body weight symmetry performed with eyes open was significantly different between participants who were classified as high and moderate balance using the Mini-BESTest (p = 0.03). A significant negative linear correlation was observed between the BBS and CT (rho = -0.29, p = 0.021) and between the Mini-BESTest and RT (rho=-0.246, p = 0.05). Significance We provide preliminary but weak evidence supporting the relationship between WBB derived variables in relevance to the BBS and Mini-BESTest. Further research is needed to fully understand the clinical utility of the WBB especially in a larger sample and to generalize these results to stroke survivors at all levels of ability.
Survival Differences Between Pediatric Head and Neck Versus Body Melanoma in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program

Objectives/hypothesis To review the demographics, treatment, and survival of pediatric melanoma of the head and neck and to determine if melanoma of the head and neck has worse survival than melanoma of other body sites. Study design Retrospective database review. Methods Pediatric patients from 0 to 21 years in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 registries database were included from 1975 to 2016 based on a diagnosis of melanoma of the skin using the primary site International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition codes from C44.0-C44.9.skin of lip, C44.1-eyelid, C44.2-external ear, C44.3-skin other/unspecified parts of face, C44.4-skin of scalp and neck, C44.5-skin of trunk, C44.6-skin of upper limb and shoulder, C44.7-skin of lower limb and hip, C44.8-overlapping lesion of skin, and C44.9-skin, NOS (not otherwise specified). Results A total of 4,561 pediatric melanomas of the skin were identified. There were 854 (18.7%) cases of melanoma of the head and neck (MHN) and 3,707 (81.3%) cases of melanoma of the body (MOB). The hazard ratio for MHN versus MOB was 1.6 (95% confidence interval: 1.3-2.1) after accounting for sex, race, and age. Of MHN sites, the hazard ratio for melanoma of the scalp and neck was 2.2 (1.1-4.7). The 2- and 5-year Kaplan-Meier overall survival for MHN were 94.6% and 90.7%, respectively, compared with 96.6% and 94.7%, respectively, for MOB (P Conclusions Survival outcomes of pediatric melanoma are notably related to anatomic site. Children with melanoma of the scalp and neck have the worst survival of all sites. Additionally, children who are older/white/male are at greater risk for worse survival outcomes. Level of evidence 3 Laryngoscope, 131:E635-E641, 2021.
Our mindset, our behavior and our future

Abstract To illustrate how the universality of climate change is exhibited in radically different specifics, Kalamazoo, Michigan’s “100-year flood plain” which has been flooded three or four times in the past several years is offered as an immediate example. The county's general topography and very complex watersheds are described, noting the similarity between this microcosm and giant riparian systems. China's enormous data collection and analysis system founded on a magnificent recursive feedback loop is described. The parallel structure of human cognition as an inherited psycho-biological recursive feedback loop as the structure of all human cognition and learning is described with reference to how infants actually learn their native language. A brief summary of the critical role of China's “Three Teachings” (Confucianism, Daoism and Buddhism) in fostering adaptation to nature is proposed in contrast to the Western preference for manipulating nature to fit human comfort. Practicing traditional modes of “meditation” is urged as a pathway towards a brighter future for both humanity and the nature. Coopting specialists in publicizing and advertising is required to help change the human narrative.
Computational Study of the Adsorption of NO2 on Monolayer MoS2

The potential energy surface for NO2 physisorbed on a MoS2 monolayer, acting as a chemical sensor, is complex with several configurations having similar adsorption energies (ΔEads) and charge-trans...
Making Sense of Syntactic Error in Conversations Between Persons with Dementia and Their Non-impaired Co-participants

In this chapter, the authors demonstrate how syntactic analysis combines with interactional methods to form a powerful tool in understanding the language produced by persons with dementia. They discuss the relationship between syntactic structure and interactional behavior in conversations. Specifically, they present two cases of persons with dementia exhibiting great syntactic impairment symptomatic of late-stage dementia. To help caregivers, practitioners, and novice researchers gain a better understanding of the linguistic effects of both dementia and co-participant responses, they examine incidences of speaker error in which co-participants respond to impaired syntax as making sense and the participants with dementia are able to employ better communicative language, if only briefly. From these observations, the authors posit that co-participants’ linguistic and interactional choices may allow syntactic and interactional competency to emerge during interactional collaborations and, as such, serve as possible models of (best) communication practices applicable to home, clinic, and research settings.
Simulation Based Performance Analysis of Proactive, Reactive and Hybrid Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) frameworks assemble an entryway that gives remote availability back to the wired world and conveyed node. Finding appropriate routes in a network is the main objective considered for WSN. Many routing protocols have been developed for selecting efficient and reliable paths but it is strenuous to tell which protocol acts better for various network frameworks. Simulations are performed in WSN by using different software or simulators for analyzing the routing protocols. In this research work, extensive performance analysis has been done on three types of routing protocols. Performance evaluation on Proactive routing protocol (DSDV and OLSR), Reactive routing protocol (AODV and AOMDV) and Hybrid protocol (ZRP) with a changeable network environment have been done in this paper. The performance measuring is analyzed on the basis of throughput, end-to-end delay, normalized routing load, average jitter and transmit energy consumption depends by changing the number of nodes and pause time. Five different performance parameters have made this work unique as well as help to the proper understanding of the working procedure of three categories routing protocols. The performance has been calculated with the help of network simulator NS-2.35.
Patient feedback in the emergency department: A feasibility study of the Resident Communication Assessment Program (ReCAP)

Objective Resident physicians must develop competence in interpersonal and communication skills, but workplace-based assessment of these skills remains challenging. We explored the feasibility of the Resident Communication Assessment Program (ReCAP) for eliciting patient feedback about resident physician communication in the emergency department (ED). Methods This study is a prospective, observational study conducted in the ED of a university-based hospital from December 2018 through April 2019. ReCAP is a program that interviews patients prior to discharge from the ED using the Communication Assessment Tool (CAT). CAT consists of 14 Likert style questions and 3 open-ended questions for patient feedback about residents' communication. Open-text, narrative responses from patients were coded using a modified version of the Completed Clinical Evaluation Report Rating tool. Results We collected data from 42 subjects who completed the CAT, and provided 32 open-text, narrative responses about 20 resident physicians. Patient responses were overwhelmingly positive with 551/588 (94%) CAT responses scoring "Very Good," the highest category. Open-text, narrative comments analyzed using CCERR were unbalanced, favoring residents' strengths rather than areas for improvement. Patient comments offered more examples of strengths than weaknesses, and few subjects provided recommendations to improve resident performance. Conclusion ReCAP represents a feasible method for eliciting patient feedback about resident communication skills in the ED. The CAT can be used to structure brief patient interviews by trained staff but generally elicits only positive feedback. Further studies are needed to identify more discriminatory assessment tools.
Complications of Peripherally Inserted, Large-Bore, Rapid-Infusion Catheters in Orthotopic Liver Transplant Patients.

Abstract Background At our institution, peripherally inserted, 8.5-French rapid-infusion catheters (RICs) are placed for high-flow administration of intravenous fluids and blood products during liver transplant (LT). We sought to estimate the incidence of RIC placement–associated complications in LT patients. Methods Electronic health records of all patients who underwent LT from January 2008 through December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. RIC-related complications were deemed clinically significant if they required surgical consultation or intervention due to infiltration. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate associations between patient characteristics and RIC complications. Results In total, 839 LT patients who received RICs were identified; of these, 14 (1.67%) had RIC-related complications, and 7 (0.83%) required surgical consultation. No patients needed fasciotomy or wound debridement due to a RIC complication, and no patients had permanent sequelae. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, only an increase in international normalized ratio (INR) from 1.4 to 2.2 (equivalent to the interquartile range of observed INR values) increased the odds of complications due to RIC placement (odds ratio [95% CI], 1.98 [1.10-3.56]; P = .02). Conclusions We observed a low incidence of perioperative RIC-related complications (1.7%). No patients had permanent RIC-related complications.
Regenerative neural network for rotating scatter mask radiation imaging

Abstract This paper describes the design and testing of a new form of convolutional neural network, a regenerative neural network (ReGeNN), for application to rotating scatter mask gamma imaging. The network was trained using detector responses for realistic source distributions simulated in MCNP v6.1.4. ReGeNN was shown to reconstruct the source images with excellent quality when trained under ideal conditions. When comparing to standard maximum-likelihood expectation–maximization algorithms, ReGeNN reduced the relative error from 145% to 33% and increased the precision from 27% to 85% averaged over the 24 distributed sources tested. The network also demonstrated robust learning capabilities after successfully training on noisy input data, with only relatively minor degradation to the source reconstruction quality. An analysis of variance study determined that the most significant factor affecting the reconstruction quality was the source’s shape, with ring-type source distributions having the worst performance. The interaction between the source’s size and direction was also discovered to have a small effect as larger sources located near the bottom of the system’s field-of-view contained more phantoms within the reconstruction. Reconstruction quality was lower for responses exceeding the training noise level and for source distributions not included in the training set, indicating the importance of robust training data. The results show a significant improvement over more conventional algorithms, suggesting that real-time gamma imaging with the rotating scatter mask may be not only plausible, but practical for the first time. ReGeNN may readily be adapted for similar time-encoded radiation imaging systems, but the neural network methods described also have significant application potential towards other imaging systems.
On the Filtration Efficiency of Composite Media Composed of Multiple Layers of Electret Media

ABSTRACT This study aimed to explain the discrepancy reported in previous studies between the observed and the calculated filtration efficiencies of a composite formed of multiple electret medium layers. After measuring the composite’s filtration efficiency using particles divided by size and electrical charge status, viz., those possessing no charge, a single charge, and a stationary charge according to the Boltzmann distribution, we traced the discrepancy to the latter attribute. Hence, to accurately predict the filtration efficiency of multi-layered electret media, we must account for the test particles’ electrical charge distribution.
What Is New with Total Pancreatectomy and Autologous Islet Cell Transplantation? Review of Current Progress in the Field

Patients with chronic pancreatitis have benefited from total pancreatectomy and autologous islet cell transplantation (TPAIT) since the 1970s. Over the past few decades, improvements have been made in surgical technique and perioperative management that have led to improved success of islet cell function, insulin independence and patient survival. This article focuses on recent updates and advances for the TPAIT procedure that continue to expand and innovate the impact on patients with debilitating disease.
The Effects of Post-Colonialism on the Entrepreneurial Opportunity Identification among Family Firms

This is a conceptual paper that attempts to explore, highlight and determine the existing effects of post colonialism in colonized countries in relation to Entrepreneurial Opportunity Identification process. Three pre-existing post-colonial theory views, Individual, National and World view have been used to develop understanding to comprehend and view accordingly the existing attributes of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Opportunity Identification in Family Firms. Family Firms are one of the major contributors in the global income generation and that is why it is imperative that we take the effects and relational lap that may exist in Family Firms businesses. Attempting to highlight the allegedly ignored spectrum of the effects of Colonialism on Proactiveness, Innovation and Risk-Taking which are fundamental to Entrepreneurial Opportunity and Orientation, we draw inferences to find the commonalities and effectual relations that are present. This study shall be highly beneficial in the domains of management, Entrepreneurship, especially Corporate Entrepreneurship and HR practices.
Synthetic probes and chemical tools in sphingolipid research.

Abstract Sphingolipids (SLs) are a unique class of nitrogen-linked lipids that are involved in membrane structure, cell signaling, and other important cellular processes. Abnormal sphingolipid metabolism is observed in several diseases including cancer, diabetes, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's. However, the direct study of SLs has been hampered by their ubiquitous presence in cells and their complex metabolism. In the past few decades, efforts have been focused on creating synthetic probes and chemical tools to study SLs and decipher their roles in cellular biology. In this brief perspective, we seek to provide a concise snapshot of recently developed state-of-the-art chemical tools in SL research and the challenges that can be addressed through further development of SL probes.
Nine-gene pharmacogenomics profile service: The Mayo Clinic experience.

The Pharmacogenomics (PGx) Profile Service was a proof-of-concept project to implement PGx in patient care at Mayo Clinic. Eighty-two healthy individuals aged 18 and older underwent genotyping of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, SLCO1B1, HLA-B*58:01, and VKORC1. A PGx pharmacist was involved in ordering, meeting with patients, interpreting, reviewing, and documenting results. Ninety three percent were CYP1A2 rapid metabolizers, 92% CYP3A4 normal metabolizers, and 88% CYP3A5 poor metabolizers; phenotype frequencies for CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 varied. Seventy-three percent had normal functioning SLCO1B1 transporter, 4% carried the HLA-B*58:01 risk variant, and 35% carried VKORC1 and CYP2C9 variants that increased warfarin sensitivity. Pre-emptive PGx testing offered medication improvement opportunity in 56% of participants for commonly used medications. A collaborative approach involving a PGx pharmacist integrated within a clinical practice with regards to utility of PGx results allowed for implementation of the PGx Profile Service.
Substituted methyl groups

Abstract The substituent parameters for the series of mono-, di- and trisubstituted Me groups, CH2X, CHX2, and CX3 where X is F, Cl, Br, OMe, SCF3 and CN, have been determined from F19 NMR measurements on the corresponding meta- and para-fluorotoluenes. An additive linear effect of substitution is found only for the cyano substituent. A saturation effect noted for the groups where X is F, Cl, Br and SCF3 (particularly chloro and bromo) after disubstitution is attributed to through-space interactions of unshared p-electrons of these substituents with the π system of the ring.
Optimum antenna height for ionospheric scatter propagation

Radiation patterns of elevated antennas over spherical earth for scatter propagation in the lower ionosphere incorporating refraction, parallax, spherical divergence, and tropospheric defocusing have been used to compute the height gain function resulting from raising and lowering symmetric transmitting and receiving antennas for a fixed path length. This height gain function shows that a broad range of lower antenna heights has a gain over that antenna height computed with the same model which places the maximum of the first lobe at the path midpoint. The maximum of this function is defined as the optimum antenna height.
Construction and preliminary evaluation of an Aspergillus flavus reporter gene construct as a potential tool for screening aflatoxin resistance.

Effective preharvest strategies to eliminate ae atoxin accumulation in crops are not presently available. The molecular biology of ae atoxin biosynthesis has been extensively studied, and genetic and molecular tools such as reporter gene systems for the measurement of fungal growth have been developed. A reporter construct containing the Aspergillus e avus b-tubulin gene promoter fused to Escherichia coli b-glucuronidase (GUS) has been shown to be a reliable tool for the indirect measurement of fungal growth in maize kernels. Since cost-saving alternative methods for the direct measurement of ae atoxin levels are needed to facilitate more widespread e eld and laboratory screening of maize lines, a new reporter gene construct involving the promoter region of the omtA gene of the ae atoxin biosynthetic pathway was constructed and tested. Expression of GUS activity by this construct ( omtA::GUS) was correlated with ae atoxin accumulation in culture. In the fungal transformant GAP26-1, which harbors this construct, ae atoxin production and GUS expression on sucrose-containing medium showed the same temporal pattern of toxin induction. Furthermore, GUS expression by GAP26-1 was shown to be associated with ae atoxin accumulation in maize kernels inoculated with this strain. Our results suggest that this and other reporter gene pathway promoter constructs may provide superior alternatives to direct ae atoxin quantie cation with respect to time, labor, and materials for the screening of maize lines for resistance to ae atoxin accumulation.
Results of surgery in 114 patients with prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas

The clinical features and prolactin levels of 114 patients, including five men, who had prolactin-secreting adenomas are presented. The rates of resolution of amenorrhea and galactorrhea following surgery were calculated. Fifteen women became pregnant following surgery. Therapeutic failure tended to occur in patients who had higher preoperative serum prolactin levels and those in whom total tumor resection was not achieved. Although clinical anomographic changes preceded elevation of prolactin values in two cases and, in one case, clinical indications and an elevated prolactin value preceded tomographic changes. The morbidity encountered with the procedure was minimal and there were no deaths.
Congenital Hemolytic Anemias

Congenital hemolytic anemias are due to defects affecting the red cell membrane, red cell enzymes, hemoglobin structural properties, or hemoglobin synthesis. The clinical picture depends upon the severity of the defects, the duration of hemolysis, and the exposure to a hemolysis-precipitating or hemolysis-augmenting event and ranges from asymptomatic to life-threatening anemia. Even fully compensated non-anemic congenital hemolytic conditions increase the risk of gallstones and erythroferrone/hepcidin-mediated iron overload and its associated complications.
NGOs as shadow pseudopublics: Grassroots community leaders’ perceptions of change and continuity in Porto Alegre, Brazil

In this article, I examine changing meanings of participation for grassroots community leaders in Porto Alegre, Brazil, since the 2004 defeat of the Workers Party (PT) municipal government and a subsequent rise in the presence of both the private sector and NGOs in community politics. Through an ethnographic analysis of community politics in one municipal district, based on interviews I carried out in 2008, I argue that the changing relationship between state, private sector, and civil society has contributed to destabilization of the narrative of active citizenship hegemonic in earlier years, implanting a market-oriented, individualistic ethos in its place. [participation, citizenship, civil society, neoliberalism, NGOs, private sector, Brazil]
Computerized screening of chemicals for energy release hazards

The computer program CHETAH is described. The program is unique in that it predicts the energy release hazards of pure chemicals or mixtures. CHETAH has a 25 year history of successful application and continues to be refined by ASTM Committee E27.07. Examples of CHETAH's use are given. The program also has a sizable database of thermochemical properties and makes predictions of thermochemical properties based on molecular structure. The accuracy of CHETAH for reactive hazard prediction is assessed against a test database.
Immunolocalization of membrane-associated CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase in phosphatidylcholine-deficient chinese hamster ovary cells

The location of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells made deficient in phosphatidylcholine was determined by immunofluorescence techniques. A rabbit polyclonal antibody was raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the amino-terminal 17 amino acid residues of rat liver cytidylyltransferase. The antibody recognized both native and denatured cytidylyltransferase from both rat liver and CHO cells. CHO cells were treated with phospholipase C to alter the lipid composition of the plasma membrane and to elicit translocation of cytidylyltransferase from the less active soluble pool to an activated membrane fraction. Visualization of cytidylyltransferase by indirect immunofluorescence revealed staining of the nuclear envelope in phospholipase C-treated cells but not in untreated cells. CHO cells were also starved for choline and supplemented with a choline analogue to provide an alternative technique of rendering the cells phosphatidylcholine-deficient. Although this treatment should affect different cellular membranes than those affected by phospholipase C treatment, cytidylyltransferase still translocated to the nuclear envelope, as shown by indirect immunofluorescence. These results indicate that activated, membrane-bound cytidylyltransferase is associated with the nuclear membrane and suggest that the nuclear membrane may be a site of de novo phosphatidylcholine synthesis.
Stacked scale frames: building hegemony for fracking across scales

This paper introduces the concept of stacked scale frames and explains how they can legitimate a particular set of interests as general interests. Specifically, it examines how shale gas development proceeded in Pennsylvania, and finds that stacked scale frames were a tool for establishing the legitimacy of fracking. Fracking is a technique for extracting oil and natural gas from shale rock formations using highly pressurised water, sand and chemicals. It has produced dramatic amounts of gas and wealth over the past seven to eight years, but poses risks to the environment and public health that are largely understudied and misunderstood. Previous studies of fracking have explained the rise of fracking in Pennsylvania using analyses of advertisements and corporate promotional materials. This study builds on their work and adds an understanding of the fracking boom seen through the concept of hegemony. The data used in this paper draw from a set of interviews with ‘intellectuals’ in Gramsci's sense of the word: societal elites who mould and shape public opinion. In the case of fracking, these elites included representatives of oil and gas capital, the state, academia, NGOs and civil society living near fracking sites. Overall, the benefits of fracking were recognised by all groups and the costs were less commonly represented. This paper contributes the concept of stacked scale frames to literature on social production of scale in human geography. Stacked scale frames made capitalist economic development appear to benefit a wider section of society spread across multiple scales simultaneously. In contrast, opponents of fracking framed the costs of fracking at individual scales and in a piecemeal fashion. It concludes that anti-fracking forces, and political ecologists in general, should embrace a critique that draws together social and environmental harms across multiple scales simultaneously.
Serum enzymes derived from liver cell fractions. II. Responses to bile duct ligation in rats.

The activities of enzymes localized to liver cell cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, nuclei, and lysosomes were measured in serum and subcellular fractions after bile duct ligation in rats. The patterns of response were compared to ' those occurring after acute CCl4 injury. In the first 24 hr, marked increases occurred in serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (cytoplasmic) and ornithine carbamyl transferase (mitochondrial) activities, equal to those after CCl4. From 24 hr to 18 days, these activities fell to lower, but still elevated, levels. No increase in serum microsomal liver esterase occurred after bile duct ligation, whereas the activity was elevated 24 hr after CCl4. Neither serum arylsulfatase B (lysosomal) nor nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferase (nuclear) activities changed after duct ligation. No correlations between serum and cell fraction activities were observed.
Provider Management and Support for Breastfeeding Pain

ABSTRACT Objective To describe breastfeeding pain reported by breastfeeding women during the first‐year postpartum and providers' management of the pain as recorded in medical records. Design Retrospective, descriptive. Setting Mid‐South metropolitan obstetric and gynecologic medical practice. Participants A convenience sample of 117 breastfeeding women. Methods Data were collected using a retrospective review of medical records of breastfeeding mothers during their infants' first year of life. Results Participants reported a breastfeeding rate of 56.4%, and of those 23% reported breastfeeding pain during the first year. Major reasons for pain were mastitis (67.5%), candida (32.4%), engorgement (18.0%), nipple tenderness (8.1%), and clogged milk ducts (4.5%). Medications were used most frequently to treat mastitis and candida. However, limited documentation of breastfeeding support beyond prescribing medications was found. Nonpharmacological measures were rarely recommended, and few referrals were documented to specialized providers such as lactation consultants or community support groups. Routine infant feeding choices, breastfeeding discussions, and breastfeeding counseling were rarely documented and multiple non‐evidence‐based strategies were noted. Conclusions Inadequate breastfeeding support and management were evident, and non‐evidence‐based recommendations were routinely practiced. It is recommended that primary care providers adopt evidence‐based practices for breastfeeding and breastfeeding pain that support women in successfully reaching their breastfeeding goals.
Effects of Variety and Harvest Moisture Content on Equilibrium Moisture Contents of Rice

Equilibrium moisture contents (EMC) of two long-grain rice varieties (Kaybonnet and Cypress) and one medium-grain variety (Bengal) were measured at temperatures of 4, 21, and 38°C with relative humidities (RHs) ranging from 11 to 96%. In addition to temperature and RH, variety was a significant factor affecting rice EMC. Harvest moisture content (HMC) and harvest location did not significantly affect the EMC of rough rice. Rice harvested at a lower moisture content (MC) had lower EMC values than rice harvested at a higher MC when equilibrated to high RHs; however, these differences were primarily attributed to hysteresis effects. An EMC model including temperature, RH, and variety was developed. At most RHs, the EMCs of Bengal, Kaybonnet, and Cypress rough rice were approximately 0.2 to 0.8 percentage points higher than that calculated from the Chung EMC equation. New coefficients of the Chung equation for rough and milled rice are provided.