cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is Oral Food Challenge (OFC) test safe for preschool children

Background Oral food challenges (OFCs) are performed for diagnosis of a food allergy in cases where the allergy is not supported by patient history, or when a newly developed tolerance level needs to be established. Objective We aimed to investigate the prevalence and severity of reactions during OFCs in preschool children. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on children younger than 5 years, for whom OFC had been performed with milk, egg white and egg yolk. All children had been admitted to the Department of Pediatric Allergy at Behcet Uz Children's Hospital between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2014. Any symptoms developed during the OFC were classified and recorded. Results A total of 122 patients who underwent an OFC were included in this study. The patients included 85 males (69.7%), and 50.8% of patients (n = 62) had a history of IgE-mediated food allergy. Co-existing allergies were found for 57.4% (n = 70) of patients. Of the OFCs performed, tests for milk, egg white and egg yolk made up 46.5, 30.5 and 23.0%, respectively. Of these, 19% (n = 33) were mild and 4.5% (n = 7) were moderate allergies in terms of symptom development. It was determined that the skin prick test (SPT) wheal size and the food-specific IgE levels did not effect in determining whether the allergic reaction would develop by OFC if the SPT wheal size and the food-specific IgE levels were below the cut-off point of a 95% positive predictive value (p > 0.05). Conclusion The severity of egg and milk allergy symptoms resulting from the frequently used OFC in preschool children are generally mild and easy to manage, particularly if the OFC is only conducted if serum-specific IgE or SPT wheal size is below the cut-off point.
LFP and EEG

In this chapter, we will focus on how local field potential (LFP) and electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are generated, and on the most commonly used recording configurations and data analysis strategies. Understanding these mesoscale (LFP, reflecting activity from at most a few hundred micrometers from the electrode tip) and macroscale (EEG, reflecting activity from up to tens of square centimeters of cortex) signals is a prerequisite for understanding the remainder of the book.
Echocardiography for ED Dyspnea Evaluation

The undifferentiated dyspneic patient is one of the most common critically ill patients encountered by hospital providers and continues to present a diagnostic challenge. Since its advent, bedside ultrasonography has demonstrated increasing clinical utility in identifying cardiopulmonary causes of dyspnea including left-sided heart failure, pulmonary edema, acute and chronic right-sided heart strain and failure, pneumonia, pleural fluid collections, airway processes such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiac tamponade. This review discusses the ability of point of care ultrasound to identify the cause of dyspnea in patients both in the emergency department, before hospitalization, and during hospitalization. Recent trends include demonstrable feasibility in novice users such as resident physicians and emergency triage nurses with no previous exposure to ultrasound and development of an automated algorithm to direct management of the dyspneic patient. Notable advances in employing ultrasound include demonstrable efficacy of multiorgan protocols, diaphragmatic assessment, and bedside echocardiography in elucidating the etiology of dyspnea. Recent evidence highlights ultrasound’s diagnostic accuracy in identifying pulmonary edema and feasibility when using portable units and when performed by relatively inexperienced users. As ultrasound technology and its omnipresence in medicine advances, clinicians will encounter robust evidence that point of care ultrasound aids in understanding undifferentiated dyspnea. Additionally, providers will be exposed to novel uses of ultrasound that may advance patient care.
The effects of experience with different courtship modalities on unimodal and multimodal preferences in a wolf spider

Females often benefit from the ability to assess courting males using multiple signal modalities. Differences in the transmission properties of each signal modality, however, may hinder a female's ability to detect signals, and result in variation in individual sensory experience. Such variation in sensory experience would include, for example, variation in courtship modality experience. It is unknown, however, whether differences in courtship modality experience affect preferences for unimodal and multimodal signals. We tested the effects of juvenile courtship modality experience on adult mate preferences in the wolf spider, Schizocosa ocreata (Hentz). Male S. ocreata use a combination of visual and vibratory signals as a multimodal signal, and female S. ocreata (without previous experience) have been shown to weigh unimodal vibratory and unimodal visual signals equally. Whether individual variation in courtship modality experience affects the relative weight of unimodal signals is unknown not only in S. ocreata, but is poorly understood across animal taxa. We used playback techniques to manipulate the courtship modality experience (unimodal visual signals, unimodal vibratory signals, multimodal signals, or no signals) of penultimate females. Upon maturation, we counted the number of receptivity displays towards each unimodal signal and a multimodal signal on three consecutive days of single presentation studies. In no-choice adult trials, courtship modality experience affected unimodal, but not multimodal, preferences. Female S. ocreata preferred the familiar unimodal signal in no-choice presentations (e.g. females exposed to vibratory signals were more receptive toward those signals). However, females preferred multimodal signals over unimodal signals, regardless of their juvenile courtship modality experience. In two-choice trials, female S. ocreata significantly preferred visual signals, regardless of their experience. Taken together, an individual's courtship modality experience has the ability to affect unimodal courtship preferences, but may be limited based on whether adult females are presented unimodal signals in no-choice or two-choice trials.
Pulmonary Mucormycosis Treated With Lobectomy.

A 57 year old man was referred from an outside facility for an unresolving pneumonia. Imaging of the chest demonstrated a right lung mass with a consolidation in the middle lobe, pleural effusion, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Cytologic examination of cultures from the bronchoscopy and thoracentesis did not yield a definitive diagnosis. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) was performed because of a retained hemothorax and a suggestive lesion. Biopsy specimens obtained during VATS were consistent with mucormycosis. The patient underwent a middle lobectomy and pleurectomy without any adverse event. When bronchoscopy and thoracentesis cannot provide a diagnosis, thoracoscopic pleural biopsy can be the next step in the diagnosis of mucormycosis.
Signals of Founders’ Human Capital and Investor Prominence in Resource Acquisition

We use signaling theory to explain how new ventures effectively signal future prospects to acquire external resources. Based on a sample of 307 new ventures drawn from a unique dataset combining mu...
The ANTs Longitudinal Cortical Thickness Pipeline

Longitudinal studies of development and disease in the human brain have motivated the acquisition of large neuroimaging data sets and the concomitant development of robust methodological and statistical tools for quantifying neurostructural changes. Longitudinal-specific strategies for acquisition and processing have potentially significant benefits including more consistent estimates of intra-subject measurements while retaining predictive power. In this work, we introduce the open-source Advanced Normalization Tools (ANTs) cortical thickness longitudinal processing pipeline and its application on the first phase of the Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI-1) comprising over 600 subjects with multiple time points from baseline to 36 months. We demonstrate in these data that the single-subject template construction and native subject-space processing advantageously localizes data transformations and mitigates interpolation artifacts which results in a simultaneous minimization of within-subject variability and maximization of between-subject variability immediately estimable from a longitudinal mixed-effects modeling strategy. It is further shown that optimizing these dual criteria leads to greater scientific interpretability in terms of tighter confidence intervals in calculated mean trends, smaller prediction intervals, and narrower confidence intervals for determining cross-sectional effects. These concepts are first illustrated and explored in the entorhinal cortex. This evaluation strategy is then extended to the entire cortex, as defined by the Desikan-Killiany-Tourville labeling protocol, where comparisons are made with the popular cross-sectional and longitudinal FreeSurfer processing streams.
Shifts in dissolved organic matter and microbial community composition are associated with enhanced removal of fecal pollutants in urban stormwater wetlands.

Constructed stormwater wetlands provide a host of ecosystem services, including potentially pathogen removal. We present results from a multi-wetland study that integrates across weather, chemical, microbiological and engineering design variables in order to identify patterns of microbial contaminant removal from inlet to outlet within wetlands and key drivers of those patterns. One or more microbial contaminants were detected at the inlet of each stormwater wetland (Escherichia coli and Enterococcus > Bacteroides HF183 > adenovirus). Bacteroides HF183 and adenovirus concentrations declined from inlet to outlet at all wetlands. However, co-removal of pathogens and fecal indicator bacteria only occurred at wetlands where microbial assemblages at the inlet (dominated by Proteobacteria and Bacteriodetes) were largely displaced by indigenous autotrophic microbial communities at the outlet (dominated by Cyanobacteria). Microbial community transitions (characterized using pyrosequencing) were well approximated by a combination of two rapid indicators: (1) fluorescent dissolved organic matter, and (2) chlorophyll a or phaeophytin a fluorescence. Within-wetland treatment of fecal markers and indicators was not strongly correlated with the catchment-to-wetland area ratio, but was diminished in older wetlands, which may point to a need for more frequent maintenance.
Advancing Social Prescribing with Implementation Science.

A wealth of emerging evidence on the associations between social determinants of health (SDH) (eg, food, housing, transportation, and education) and health outcomes[1][1][⇓][2][⇓][3][⇓][4][⇓][5][⇓][6]–[7][7] has fueled a wave of experimentation around identifying and addressing patients
Not Your Father’s Public Administration

AbstractGlobalization, devolution, outsourcing, multi-sector partnerships and networks, and a host of other social transformations are creating new challenges for schools of public administration a...
Post-Hypospadias Repair Urethral Strictures: A Review of 30 Cases

During a 16-year period we treated 30 patients with urethral stricture after hypospadias repair. Of the patients 16 were treated successfully with 1 procedure, while 13 required 2 or more procedures and 1 was lost to followup. A good result was achieved in 83 per cent of the patients. Fourteen patients who presented with symptoms attributable to the stricture within 3 months of the original operation for hypospadias were designated as having early strictures. Those with strictures presenting later than 3 months were considered to have late strictures. Manipulative therapy (dilation and direct vision internal urethrotomy) was successful in 55 per cent of the early strictures but in only 16 per cent of the late strictures. An open operation was performed primarily in some cases or after failed manipulation in others and it was successful in 79 per cent. All 4 failures of open procedures were salvaged with manipulative therapy. We conclude that treatment of post-hypospadias repair urethral strictures initially should be manipulative. Open repair usually will be successful but should be reserved for difficult strictures, late strictures or failures of manipulation.
Use of Ultrasonic Lamb Waves for In-Process Porosity Inspection of the Pultrusion Process: Theoretical Velocity Calculations

Substantial growth potential for composite materials exists in the private sector, where high-volume, low-cost production is required. Post processing inspection can represent a significant percentage of the cost of composite products. Alternate ways of assuring quality must be examined. In-process inspection can be effectively applied to continuous composite manufacturing techniques such as the pultrusion process. Recent research efforts at the Center for Composite Materials has focused on ways of evaluating pultruded composites on-line by using ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. The most accurate method to date is based upon Lamb wave velocity measurements. This paper focuses on the theoretical analysis used to predict the Lamb wave velocities and compares the results with experimental measurements.
Introduction to the Vulkan Graphics API

"Vulcan is the god of fire including the fire of volcanoes, metalworking, and the forge in ancient Roman religion and myth. Vulcan is often depicted with a blacksmith's hammer.The Vulcanalia was the annual festival held August 23 in his honor. His Greek counterpart is Hephaestus, the god of fire and smithery. In Etruscan religion, he is identified with Sethlans.
ORAL SEX FOR OLDER LOVERS: IMPLICATIONS ON RELATIONSHIP QUALITY AND MENTAL HEALTH

We examine giving versus receiving oral sex, two processes that shape and are shaped by relationship quality, and how they predict well-being in late life. We analyze 884 heterosexual couples from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (2010–11). Results from the Actor–Partner Interdependence Models suggest that older adults with better relationship quality gave oral sex to their partner more often than those with worse relationship quality; this association was stronger for men than women. While receiving oral sex was positively related to both men’s and women’s perceptions of relationship quality, women’s relationship quality was more strongly linked to their partners’ well-being than men’s. Men’s giving of oral sex was positively related to their own well-being through increasing their partner’s perceived relationship quality. Findings suggest that oral sex plays an important but overlooked role in maintaining an active sexual life, quality relationship, and psychological vibrancy in late life.
Chronic systemic capillary leak syndrome treatment with intravenous immune globulin: Case report and review of the literature .

Systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS) is a disorder characterized by increased vascular permeability with intermittent acute episodes of profound capillary leak that may result in hypotension or shock. A rarely described chronic form of SCLS (cSCLS) presents as refractory edema, with pleural and/or pericardial effusions and hypoalbuminemia. These entities are differentiated by massive and periodic episodes of capillary leak, which can result in shock in SCLS, and chronic refractory edema in cSCLS. The etiologies of these disorders are poorly understood, but both acute and chronic forms often present with an associated monoclonal gammopathy. Flares of the SCLS have been reduced by treatment with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG). Only six cases of cSCLS have been reported, and previous treatments have included steroids, terbutaline, and theophylline. Based upon the reported responses of SCLS to IVIG, we present the case of a 54-year-old man with cSCLS where ongoing treatment with IVIG resulted in a marked and sustained improvement in the signs and symptoms of the capillary leak syndrome. .
An overview of smartphone technology for citizen-centered, real-time and scalable civil infrastructure monitoring

Abstract Modern smartphones are equipped with various sensors along with on-board storage, computing and communication capabilities. Owing to these features, they can become an intelligent, scalable, autonomous and potentially cost-free component of the next generation civil infrastructure monitoring systems in future smart cities. Over the past few years, there has been a growing interest in the deployment of smartphone-based monitoring technologies within the civil engineering arena. Overall, the smartphone sensing paradigm is still in its infancy, with great promise for researchers to rapidly expand its many potential applications. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review of smartphone-centric research for the monitoring of civil infrastructure systems. The historical deployment of smartphones in major areas of civil engineering has been explored. An emphasis is placed on sensing capabilities of smartphones and their crowdsourcing power for monitoring several distinct civil infrastructure systems. Furthermore, a case study is presented to provide our most recent efforts in deployment of smartphones for evaluation of highway pavements and challenges ahead. Finally, limitations, challenges and future directions for widespread application of smartphone-driven monitoring systems are discussed. The survey implies that much research is still required to explore the power of crowdsourced smartphone-based measurements, and to branch out into new application domains.
Compact, Automated, Inexpensive, and Field-Deployable Vacuum-Outlet Gas Chromatograph for Trace-Concentration Gas-Phase Organic Compounds

The identification and quantification of gas-phase organic compounds, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), frequently use gas chromatography (GC), which typically requires high-purity compres...
Symptoms Prompting Interest in Celiac Disease and the Gluten-Free Diet: Analysis of Internet Search Term Data.

Background: Celiac disease, a common immune-based disease triggered by gluten, has diverse clinical manifestations, and the relative distribution of symptoms leading to diagnosis has not been well characterized in the population. Objective: This study aimed to use search engine data to identify a set of symptoms and conditions that would identify individuals at elevated likelihood of a subsequent celiac disease diagnosis. We also measured the relative prominence of these search terms before versus after a search related to celiac disease. Methods: We extracted English-language queries submitted to the Bing search engine in the United States and identified those who submitted a new celiac-related query during a 1-month period, without any celiac-related queries in the preceding 9 months. We compared the ratio between the number of times that each symptom or condition was asked in the 14 days preceding the first celiac-related query of each person and the number of searches for that same symptom or condition in the 14 days after the celiac-related query. Results: We identified 90,142 users who made a celiac-related query, of whom 6528 (7%) exhibited sustained interest, defined as making a query on more than 1 day. Though a variety of symptoms and associated conditions were also queried before a celiac-related query, the maximum area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.53. The symptom most likely to be queried more before than after a celiac-related query was diarrhea (query ratio [QR] 1.28). Extraintestinal symptoms queried before a celiac disease query included headache (QR 1.26), anxiety (QR 1.10), depression (QR 1.03), and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (QR 1.64). Conclusions: We found an increase in antecedent searches for symptoms known to be associated with celiac disease, a rise in searches for depression and anxiety, and an increase in symptoms that are associated with celiac disease but may not be reported to health care providers. The protean clinical manifestations of celiac disease are reflected in the diffuse nature of antecedent internet queries of those interested in celiac disease, underscoring the challenge of effective case-finding strategies.
Low Frequency Volume Scatter and Distant Reverberation: 200–1500 Hz

Low frequency volume scatter and distant reverberation measurements have been made in the Icelandic Basin, Gulf of Alaska and the Ionian Sea. Volume scattering data showing effects of fish swimbladder resonance along with spatial and temporal dependencies have been obtained as a function of depth to 600 m and frequency from 200–1500 Hz using explosives and a vertical line array receiver. Distant reverberation results, obtained using controlled waveforms from a vertical line array of projectors and a horizontal line array receiver (i.e., a near-monostatic configuration), also show effects of biological scattering. Both ray and mode based distant reverberation model predictions, utilizing in situ volume scatter data, agree well with measurements.
Nuclear and dark matter heating in massive white dwarf stars

Recently, Cheng et al. identified a number of massive white dwarfs (WD) that appear to have an additional heat source providing a luminosity near $\ensuremath{\approx}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}\text{ }\text{ }{L}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$ for multiple Gyr [S. Cheng, J. D. Cummings, and B. M\'enard, Astrophys. J. 886, 100 (2019)]. In this paper we explore heating from electron capture and pycnonuclear reactions. We also explore heating from dark matter annihilation. WD stars appear to be too small to capture enough dark matter for this to be important. Finally, if dark matter condenses to very high densities inside a WD this could ignite nuclear reactions. We calculate the enhanced central density of a WD in the gravitational potential of a very dense dark matter core. While this might start a supernova, it seems unlikely to provide modest heating for a long time. We conclude that electron capture, pycnonuclear, and dark matter reactions are unlikely to provide significant heating in the massive WD that Cheng considers.
Time-Resolved Passive Cavitation Mapping Using the Transient Angular Spectrum Approach

Passive cavitation mapping (PCM), which generates images using bubble acoustic emission signals, has been increasingly used for monitoring and guiding focused ultrasound surgery (FUS). PCM can be used as an adjunct to magnetic resonance imaging to provide crucial information on the safety and efficacy of FUS. The most widely used algorithm for PCM is delay-and-sum (DAS). One of the major limitations of DAS is its suboptimal computational efficiency. Although frequency-domain DAS can partially resolve this issue, such an algorithm is not suitable for imaging the evolution of bubble activity in real time and for cases in which cavitation events occur asynchronously. This study investigates a transient angular spectrum (AS) approach for PCM. The working principle of this approach is to backpropagate the received signal to the domain of interest and reconstruct the spatial–temporal wavefield encoded with the bubble location and collapse time. The transient AS approach is validated using an in silico model and water bath experiments. It is found that the transient AS approach yields similar results to DAS, but it is one order of magnitude faster. The results obtained by this study suggest that the transient AS approach is promising for fast and accurate PCM.
The Politics of Rights: Feminist and Gay Rights Movement Outcomes in Comparative Perspective

Under what conditions do the advocates for the expansion of rights succeed in winning concessions from political actors? Surprisingly, social movement theory has largely neglected studies of partisan legislative politics and interest organizations. In this paper, I combine these bodies of research from political science with the sociological literature on social movement outcome. This analysis begins with the conventional assumption that elected officials are mainly concerned with their reelection, and therefore that their responses are based heavily on calculations of electoral advantage and disadvantage. In the starkest terms, political parties, organized interests, and social movements matter to elected officials insofar as they control votes, campaign contributions, volunteers, or other electorally useful resources. Winning rights gains necessitates that organized benefit-seekers make credible threats to damage the electoral fortunes of their political targets. Weighed against this threat, public officials estimate the costs of acceding to a movement’s demands as well. The electoral costs associated with conceding new benefits depend upon mass preferences, public attentiveness, and the relative electoral leverage of organized opponents. From this rudimentary starting point, I devise a set of hypotheses about variation in the responsiveness of political targets for the enlargement of rights. I evaluate the merits of this approach in an analysis of the outcomes of two social movements – feminism and gay/lesbian rights – across multiple policy domains from anti-discrimination to same-sex unions. This research demonstrates that certain constellations of public opinion, attentiveness, and mobilization are associated with specific patterns of movement outcomes. In brief, this analysis specifies the conditions under which rights proponents achieved a range of outcomes from sweeping victories or crushing setbacks.
PERTARUHAN PENTING: HERMENEUTIKA INSIDER MOVEMENT DAN INJIL*

Artikel ini membahas tentang Gerakan Dalam/ Insider movement. Apakah interpretasi dan penerapan Insider Movement atas metode apostolik dan agama abad pertama merupakan suatu penemuan kembali (rediscovery) yang limpah atau suatu pendefinisian ulang (redefinition) yang radikal? Dengan memanfaatkan kategori-kategori McGavran, para pendukung IM telah mengembangkan lingkup identitas sosio-agama hingga mencapai sebuah tempat penting dan kondisi fungsional yang statis, sehingga mengikuti Yesus berarti menempatkan Dia di dalam batasan- batasan agama yang sudah ada. Dengan metode IM seperti ini, pertanyaan budaya mengenai bagaimana misi dapat menggantikan pertanyaan untuk?siapakah misi tersebut dilakukan. Apakah injil IM merupakan injil yang sejati?
Increased branched-chain amino acids at baseline and hours before a spontaneous seizure in the human epileptic brain.

The objective of this study was to monitor the extracellular brain chemistry dynamics at baseline and in relation to spontaneous seizures in human patients with refractory epilepsy. Thirty patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy underwent intracranial electroencephalography and concurrent brain microdialysis for up to 8 continuous days. Extracellular brain glutamate, glutamine, and the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) valine, leucine, and isoleucine were quantified in the dialysis samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Extracellular BCAAs and glutamate were chronically elevated at baseline by approximately 1.5-3-fold in brain regions of seizure onset and propagation versus regions not involved by seizures. Moreover, isoleucine increased significantly above baseline as early as 3 h before a spontaneous seizure. BCAAs play important roles in glutamatergic neurotransmission, mitochondrial function, neurodegeneration, and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. Because all of these processes have been implicated in epilepsy, the results suggest a novel role of BCAAs in the pathogenesis of spontaneous seizures.
EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFLUPREDNATE FOR THE TREATMENT OF ANTERIOR SCLERITIS

ABSTRACT Purpose To describe the effectiveness and side effect profile of difluprednate therapy in a series of patients with anterior scleritis. Design Retrospective, interventional case series. Methods Data collected from all patients with anterior scleritis who used difluprednate as a single treatment agent from 1/1/2018 to 1/1/2020 included: demographics, scleritis type, presence of nodules or necrosis, changes in scleritis activity, intraocular pressure (IOP), number of difluprednate drops used, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and lens status. The primary outcome was clinical resolution of scleritis. Secondary outcomes included BCVA loss ≥ 2 lines, change in lens status or cataract surgery, and IOP ≥24 mm Hg. Results Twenty-five patients (35 eyes) were analyzed. The median age was 60 years (range 13-78); 60% were female; 64% were Caucasian. Forty percent had bilateral disease; 44% of patients had an associated systemic disease. The majority of eyes (66%) had diffuse anterior scleritis. Eighty-three percent of eyes achieved resolution of scleritis, with a median time of resolution of 6 weeks. Eyes treated with an initial dose of ≥4 times daily were more likely to achieve disease resolution (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19, 9.88, p=0.02). Nine eyes had IOP elevation. Four eyes lost two lines or more of BCVA, one due to cataract progression. One eye underwent cataract surgery. Conclusions Difluprednate alone may effectively treat non-infectious anterior scleritis with a tolerable side effect profile.
Brain functional connectome defines a transdiagnostic dimension associated with cognition and psychopathology in youth

The search for psychiatric biomarkers has remained elusive, in part, due to high comorbidity, low specificity, and poor concordance between neurobiological abnormalities and existing diagnostic categories. Developmental shifts in symptom expression and brain function across the lifespan further complicate biomarker identification. Recent studies suggest that focusing on cognition may be a pathway forward: Cognitive dysfunction is a common feature across psychiatric disorders. Individual differences in cognition may reflect variability in the connectivity of underlying neurocognitive brain networks, and predict psychopathology at different developmental periods. In the present study we identified brain-based dimensions of general cognitive capacity and psychopathology using sparse canonical correlation analysis (sCCA) in a sample of 7,383 preadolescents from the Adolescent Brian Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. This analysis revealed correlated patterns of functional connectivity with cognitive control capacity and psychopathology. Specifically, the results identified a single connectome-based latent brain variate that was positively correlated with performance on cognitive measures across domains and negatively correlated with parent-reported psychopathology across diagnoses and domains. Functional connectivity loadings for the brain variate were across distributed cortical and subcortical brain networks and a dose-dependent relationship with psychopathology based upon the cumulative number of psychiatric diagnoses was observed. These findings provide preliminary evidence for a connectome-based biomarker that indexes individual differences in cognitive control and predicts transdiagnostic psychopathology in a dose-dependent fashion.
The Value of Olympic Sponsorships: Who is Capturing the Gold? *

In recent years, corporate sponsorship has become anincreasingly important element of the marketing communicationsmix. This paper uses data from the 1996 Atlanta Summer OlympicGames to measure the value of Olympic sponsorship. Using stockreturn data, we find that the shareholders of sponsoring firmsearn negative average abnormal returns around announcement ofOlympic sponsorship agreements. This finding, consistent withan agency cost explanation of corporate investment practices,is robust to variation in a number of firm- and sponsorship-specificvariables. In addition, cross-sectional analysis supports themonitoring hypothesis, as significant equity ownership by institutionalinvestors is positively related to abnormal returns around announcement.Our results suggest that utilizing Olympic sponsorships in themarketing communications mix may not be value-enhancing.
An acute malabsorption syndrome with reversible mucosal atrophy.

Summary A case of an acute malabsorption syndrome with reversible jejunal mucosal atrophy and transient hepatic dysfunction is presented. Rapid reversion to normal of severe pathologic changes in the jejunal mucosa as well as disappearance of evidence of malabsorption and hepatic impairment occurred without treatment after discontinuing the use of triparanol. The possible etiologic relationship of this drug to the development of this syndrome is discussed.
Calculation of the inverse of the covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.
A new thermo-sensitive hydrogel: Interpenetrating polymer networks from N-acryloylpyrrolidine and poly(oxyethylene)

Synthese et gonflement de ces hydrogels. Comparaison avec la poly(N-acryloylpyrrolidine) reticulee et le polyoxyethylene
Control of the Gyrover. A single-wheel gyroscopically stabilized robot

The Gyrover is a single wheel gyroscopically stabilized mobile robot developed at Carnegie Mellon University. An internal pendulum serves as a counter weight for a drive motor that causes fore/aft motion, while a tilt-mechanism on a large gyroscope provides a mechanism for lateral actuation. In this paper we develop a detailed dynamic model for the Gyrover and use this model in an extended Kalman filter to estimate the complete state. A linearized version of the model is used to develop a state feedback controller. The design methodology is based on a semi-definite programming procedure which optimize the stability region subject to a set of linear matrix inequalities that capture stability and pole placement constraints. Finally, the controller design combined with the extended Kalman filter are verified on the prototype.
Diversity in American Subnational Transportation Agencies: Challenges and Opportunities

American transportation agencies at the state and local levels have historically been managed by white males. However, as part of a larger trend toward an older and increasingly retirement-ready workforce in the U.S., this cohort is poised to diminish in both number and primacy. Concurrently, attitudes as well as policies toward hiring non-traditional transportation agency employees point towards a potential for rapid change. This article examines trends, policies, and outcomes with respect to management roles for members of non-traditional ethnic groups and women among state and local transportation agencies, including public transit organizations. The role of education and training is highlighted.
Identification of an Elastin Cross-linking Domain That Joins Three Peptide Chains POSSIBLE ROLE IN NUCLEATED ASSEMBLY

The alignment of elastin molecules in the mature elastic fiber was investigated by purifying and sequencing cross-link-containing peptides generated by proteolytic digestion of incompletely cross-linked insoluble elastin. Peptides of interest were purified by reverse phase and size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography and characterized by amino acid analysis and protein sequencing. One peptide, consisting of the cross-linking domain encoded by exon 10, contained a modified lysine residue that had not condensed to form a polyfunctional cross-link. Although this domain contains the characteristic paired lysine residues found in other cross-linking domains of elastin, protein sequence analysis indicated that the first but not the second lysine had been oxidized by lysyl oxidase. This finding suggests that lysine residues in an individual cross-linking domain may not have equal susceptibility to oxidation by lysyl oxidase. In a second peptide, we found that a major cross-linking site in elastin is formed through the association of sequences encoded by exons 10, 19, and 25 and that the three chains are joined together by one desmosine and two lysinonorleucine cross-links. Past structural studies and computer modeling predict that domains 19 and 25 are linked by a desmosine cross-link, while domain 10 bridges domains 19 and 25 through lysinonorleucine cross-links. These findings, together with the high degree of sequence conservation for these three domains, suggest an important function for these regions of the molecule, possibly nucleating the aggregation and polymerization of tropoelastin monomers in the developing elastic fiber.
Estimating species interactions from observational data with Markov networks

Inferring species interactions from observational data is one of the most controversial tasks in community ecology. One difficulty is that a single pairwise interaction can ripple through an ecological network and produce surprising indirect consequences. For example, two competing species would ordinarily correlate negatively in space, but this effect can be reversed in the presence of a third species that is capable of outcompeting both of them when it is present. Here, I apply models from statistical physics, called Markov networks or Markov random fields, that can predict the direct and indirect consequences of any possible species interaction matrix. Interactions in these models can be estimated from observational data via maximum likelihood. Using simulated landscapes with known pairwise interaction strengths, I evaluated Markov networks and several existing approaches. The Markov networks consistently outperformed other methods, correctly isolating direct interactions between species pairs even when indirect interactions or abiotic environmental effects largely overpowered them. A linear approximation, based on partial covariances, also performed well as long as the number of sampled locations exceeded the number of species in the data. Indirect effects reliably caused a common null modeling approach to produce incorrect inferences, however.
Impact of nuclear effects on the extraction of neutrino oscillation parameters.

study the possible impact of nuclear effects and final state interactions on the determination of the oscillation parameters due to the misreconstruction of nonquasielastic events as quasielastic events at low energies. We analyze a ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ disappearance experiment using a water \ifmmode \check{C}\else \v{C}\fi{}erenkov detector. We find that, if completely ignored in the fit, nuclear effects can induce a significant bias in the determination of atmospheric oscillation parameters, particularly for the atmospheric mixing angle. Even after inclusion of a near detector, a bias in the determination of the atmospheric mixing angle comparable to the statistical error remains.
Regulars, irregulars and militia: The American revolution

(1995). Regulars, irregulars and militia: The American revolution. Small Wars & Insurgencies: Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 133-158.
Gribov vacuum copies and interpolation in the Coulomb and Landau gauges of SU(N) Yang-Mills theories

Abstract The problem of interpolation and Gribov vacuum copies in the Coulomb and Landau gauges is studied by exploiting the methods of harmonic maps. A Dirichlet formulation for seeking out vacuum copies is presented. In a patched space all differentiable vacuum copies are characterized by means of Dirichlet boundary value maps. In the global version connections with non-linear σ-models is emphasized. A complete family of vacuum copies is proposed both in the Coulomb and Landau gauges, and interpolation is studied by using the properties of these vacuum copies.
Partisan Stacking on Legislative Committees

One aspect of the partisan model for legislative committee development that is rarely studied is the degree to which the majority party seeks to control legislative committees—and, thereby, chamber decisions—via numerically “overproportional” majority party representation on standing committees. This form of “party stacking” is often mentioned in the literature but has received little systematic examination and hypothesis testing. Using data from state legislative committees for all 49 partisan legislatures in the 2003–04 and 2005–06 sessions, we found support for the partisan model: majority party stacking is associated with a slim majority party advantage in a state legislative chamber.
Synergistic Effects of Matrix Nanotopography and Stiffness on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Function

Vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) retain the ability to undergo modulation in their phenotypic continuum, ranging from a mature contractile state to a proliferative, secretory state. vSMC differentiation is modulated by a complex array of microenvironmental cues, which include the biochemical milieu of the cells and the architecture and stiffness of the extracellular matrix. In this study, we demonstrate that by using UV-assisted capillary force lithography (CFL) to engineer a polyurethane substratum of defined nanotopography and stiffness, we can facilitate the differentiation of cultured vSMCs, reduce their inflammatory signature, and potentially promote the optimal functioning of the vSMC contractile and cytoskeletal machinery. Specifically, we found that the combination of medial tissue-like stiffness (11 MPa) and anisotropic nanotopography (ridge width_groove width_ridge height of 800_800_600 nm) resulted in significant upregulation of calponin, desmin, and smoothelin, in addition to the downregul...
In-Season Management of Shoulder Pain in a Collegiate Swimmer: A Team Approach

Shoulder pain is a common problem among competitive swimmers, often limiting their ability to train and compete. Although a number of rehabilitation programs for shoulder injuries have been reported in the literature, there is a lack of objective data regarding the effectiveness of these protocols in the competitive swimming population. This case report describes the evaluation and treatment of shoulder pain in an NCAA Division I swimmer during the competitive season. Once a physical therapy diagnosis was made, a plan of care was developed to address each component impairment. This required the input of the team trainers, the team physician, and an orthopaedic surgeon. A chief component of the athlete's rehabilitation involved allowing the athlete to compete, but not practice. Excellent results were achieved, as evidenced by symptom reduction and swimming performance. This case report highlights the interactive, team approach necessary for optimal management of the injured athlete.
Hazard function modeling using cross validation: From data collection to model selection

A general methodology for reliability modeling of component failures and model discrimination using cross validation is developed. First, the requirements for collection of failure, maintenance, and operation data are outlined, including left and right censored data. Cross validation is then used as a probabilistic measure of predictive performance for selection of the optimal model from a set of reliability model candidates. In addition, cross validation is used to determine the classification or hierarchical decomposition of systems into component-classes which provides the best overall set of predictive models. As a measure of predictive performance for model selection, we demonstrate that cross validation is superior to likelihood function maximization and modeling error minimization, since both have bias for over-parameterized models and may not be generally applicable to reliability models with wear and shock variables, and with as-good-as-old maintenance. Case studies are used to demonstrate these points and the overall methodology.
Cation exchange equilibria of amino acids

Abstract Equilibrium ion exchange behavior of typical neutral, acidic, and basic amino acids has been examined. In a pH range from 2 to 7, neutral and acidic amino acids undergo monovalent cation exchange. The amino acid in the form of α-NH3+ / α-COOH has a high cation exchange affinity, whereas the α-NH3+ / α-COO− form has a negligible affinity. At a pH near the pKa of α-COOH, both forms coexist; the average affinity changes significantly as pH approaches the pKa of α-COOH. Basic amino acids have two potential cation exchange sites, α-NH3+ and R(side chain)-NH3+. The α-NH3+ / α-COOH form binds at both sites, whreas the α-NH3+ / α-COO− form binds only at the R-NH3+. As a result, the average valence of a basic amino acid can be a fractional number in the pH range from 2 to 7. As pH increases, the average valence decreases from 2 at low pH ( pKaα). At a given pH, the average valence and average separation factor of a basic amino acid against Na+ can change with amino acid concentration, Na+ concentration, total concentration, and exchanger capacity. A theory which accounts for the heterogeneous charge structures and multiple equilibria has been developed to explain the fundamental ion exchange behavior. The theory correctly predicts how pH, salt concentration, and composition affect the average valence and the average separation factor. The results on basic amino acids can explain why peptides and proteins exhibit fractional valences and their average affinities change with pH, salt concentration, and solution composition. Our results also indicate that an opposite charge within 5 A from an ion exchange site of a biochemical can prevent its electrostatic interaction with an ion exchanger.
Cystic lesions of the pancreas: A surprisingly common finding

Commentary Although large or malignant pancreatic cysts can present with symptoms, the vast majority of pancreatic cysts are incidental lesions discovered on abdominal imaging examinations. Pancreatic cysts occur in up to 25% of patients undergoing abdominal imaging. The increasing resolution of both CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows detection of cysts less than 2 cm in size. Although a few of these cysts are premalignant, the majority will remain clinically insignificant; this has created controversy about how these cysts should be evaluated and when they should be surgically resected. Dr Brugge has reviewed the types of cyst pathology and their natural history. By depending on the cyst appearance and its location within the pancreas, he has indicated when a cyst fluid aspirate by EUS-guided FNA (EUS-FNA) is useful and when surgical resection should be entertained. – Grace H. Elta, MD, Editor
Human T cell lymphotropic virus-associated leukemia/lymphoma

Purpose of review This article summarizes the current pathophysiologic basis for human T cell lymphotropic virus-associated leukemia/lymphoma as well as past, present, and future therapeutic options. Recent findings New studies have been published on allogeneic stem cell transplantation, arsenic trioxide, and bortezomib for this condition. Summary Studies of the molecular biology of human T cell lymphotropic virus-1-induced T cell leukemia/lymphoma have defined a critical role for oncoprotein, Tax, and activation of nuclear factor kappaB transcription pathways, which have provided rational approaches to improved therapy for T cell leukemia/lymphoma as well as a model for other hematopoietic malignancies characterized by nuclear factor kappaB activation.
Compounded genetic algorithms for the quadratic assignment problem

We introduce the compounded genetic algorithm. We propose to run a quick genetic algorithm several times as Phase 1, and compile the best solutions in each run to create a starting population for Phase 2. This new approach was tested on the quadratic assignment problem with very good results.