cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Myocardial infarction during intravenous immunoglobulin infusion in a 65-year-old man with common variable immunodeficiency and subsequent successful repeated administration.

Background Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) may cause thromboembolic events. Although such events are usually associated with large IVIG doses administered to treat neurologic diseases, thromboembolic events may also occur with standard immunodeficiency doses. Objective We describe a 65-year-old man with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) who experienced angina and myocardial infarction with IVIG infusion. Methods The patient’s electronic medical record was reviewed. Results The patient developed substernal chest pain during a scheduled 40-g (400-mg/kg) infusion. The infusion was discontinued, and a cardiac evaluation was initiated. The patient was found to have elevated troponin T and creatine kinase MB levels, signifying cardiac injury. Heart catheterization revealed severe vessel disease, and surgical revascularization was subsequently performed. Three weeks after revascularization, an IVIG dose of 200 mg/kg was cautiously readministered. This dose was increased in 2 weeks to 300 mg/kg, which was tolerated every 3 to 4 weeks without any adverse thrombotic events in the subsequent 12 months. Conclusions This case demonstrates not only angina and myocardial infarction associated with IVIG infusion in a patient with CVID but also the successful reinitiation of IVIG infusion after surgical revascularization. This case also underscores the importance of caution with IVIG infusion in patients with CVID and known coronary artery disease.
Predicting Single-Component Permeance through Macroscopic Zeolite Membranes from Atomistic Simulations

The atomically ordered crystalline pores of zeolites endow membranes made from zeolites with many desirable properties. We present a theoretical framework that allows predictions of single-component permeance through zeolite membranes directly from atomistic models of the adsorbate and zeolite. In contrast to previous atomistic approaches to zeolite membranes, this framework does not attempt to include an entire membrane in a single nonequilibrium atomistic simulation. Rather, equilibrium molecular simulations are used to derive those data necessary for solving a general macroscopic description of molecular transport through a membrane. This approach allows the behavior of membranes of realistic thicknesses to be assessed over a broad range of temperatures and pressures. To illustrate this new framework, the steady-state permeances of Xe through an AlPO 4 -31 membrane and CF 4 through an AlPO 4 -5 membrane are predicted directly from atomistic models of these systems.
How Can New Behavioral Knowledge and Proven Aids to Treatment Enter the Teaching and Practice of Obstetrics

This article is based on the transcription of a dialogue between Drs Good and Jenkins about the research findings and practice techniques described in the articles of Dr Lederman (1995) on the relationship of anxiety, stress and psychosocial development to reproductive health.
Exploiting Timing Error Resilience in Processor Architecture

Escalating variations in modern CMOS designs have become a threat to Moore’s law. In light of the increasing costs of standard worst-case design practices, timing speculation has become a popular approach for dealing with static and dynamic non-determinism and increasing yield. Timing speculative architectures allow conservative guardbands to be relaxed, increasing efficiency at the expense of occasional errors, which are corrected or tolerated by an error resilience mechanism. Previous work has proposed circuit- or design-level optimizations that manipulate the error rate behavior of a design to increase the efficiency of timing speculation. In this article, we investigate whether architectural optimizations can also manipulate error rate behavior to significantly increase the effectiveness of timing speculation. To this end, we demonstrate how error rate behavior indeed depends on processor architecture and that architectural optimizations can be used to manipulate the error rate behavior of a processor. Using timing speculation-aware architectural optimizations, we demonstrate enhanced overscaling and up to 29p additional energy savings for processors that employ Razor-based timing speculation.
Cultural Differences in Implicit Personality Theory

Abstract Suivant une technique elaboree par Norman (1963) pour etudier les theories implicites de la personnalite, 20 echelles utilisant des adjectifs bipolaires ont ete administrees en anglais a 100 etudiants philippins, qui devaient se juger les uns les autres, en groupes de 8–11. Pour les facteurs Extraversion et Amabilite, les resultats sont tres proches des resultats americains; les facteurs correspondant a consciencisux et cultive n'en font plus qu'un et le facteur de Stabilite Emotionnelle correspond a deux facteurs: Stabilite de l'bumeur et Stabilite Psychosomatique. Ces resultats montrent que les měmes concepts doivent ětre utilises avec prudence d'une culture a l'autre; on peut peut-ětre trouver la une methode pour etudier les sources d'erreurs dans l'interpretation du comportement des etrangers.
Impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease: background and update on prevention and management

SUMMARY Given that impulse control disorders (ICDs) have been identified among a considerable minority of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, these conditions have gained increased clinical and research attention in the past decade. Dopamine-replacement therapies, taken to ameliorate PD symptoms, have been associated with ICDs in PD. Unfortunately, there are relatively sparse empirical data regarding how best to address ICDs in PD patients. Conversely, progress has been made in understanding the clinical, neurobiological and cognitive correlates of ICDs in PD. Some of these findings may inform possible courses of action for care providers working with PD patients with ICDs. The literature on ICDs in non-PD populations may also be informative in this regard. The goals of the present article are to outline important clinical characteristics of ICDs in PD, briefly review relevant neurocognitive and neurobiological studies and discuss possible ways to prevent and manage ICDs in PD.
An ultracytochemical investigation of ouabain-sensitive p-nitrophenylphosphatase in chick osteoclasts.

Cytochemical methods for the demonstration of p-nitrophenylphosphatase (p-NPPase) at the electron-microscopic level were applied to avian osteoclasts to elucidate some of the functional differences among ruffled border, other membrane systems, and cellular organelles. The localization of p-NPPase activity occurred in mitochondria, in lysosomes, and on the cytoplasmic side of the ruffled-border membrane. Enzymatic activity in the ruffled-border membrane was sensitive to ouabain and was partially dependent on potassium. Thus, Na+,K+-ATPase, the proposed sodium pump, appears to be present in the osteoclast ruffled border. The activity in ruffled border occurred only when osteoclasts were attached to bone. Following calcitonin treatment many osteoclasts were detached from the bone surface and lacked reaction product along the ruffled border membrane. The lysosomal p-NPPase activity was not sensitive to ouabain and was distinct from that of other lysosomal phosphatases. The p-NPPase activity in mitochondria was not inhibited by ouabain but was sensitive to duramycin. The mitochondrial p-NPPase may, therefore, represent the mitochondrial proton pump.
Semiclassical electrodynamics: A model for semiclassical gravity.

We consider the QED process involving the breakup of a neutral, spherical object into a charged inner core and equal, but oppositely charged expanding outer shell, such that a substantial amount of pair creation occurs. We show, under certain conditions, that semiclassical electrodynamics gives a good description at late times, when pair creation has ceased to good approximation. We also outline a method for testing the semiclassical approximation during the dynamical stage, when pair creation is taking place. The underlying motivation for this investigation is to understand better some of the issues concerning semiclassical gravity.
Energies of the Electronic Configurations of the Lanthanide and Actinide Neutral Atoms

The thermodynamic data for the lanthanide and actinide metals have been combined with spectroscopic data to develop a method of estimating the energies of the electronic configurations of the neutral gaseous atoms. Energies are tabulated for the lowest spectroscopic level of each configuration. Many of the odd terms of La i have been reclassified.
The localizing value of auditory event-related potentials (P300) in patients with medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy.

Abstract The localizing value of postictal versus interictal event-related potentials (ERPs) was studied in patients with medically intractable TLE admitted for long-term video EEG monitoring. Ten patients with partial seizures and secondary generalization underwent preictal (upon hospital admission), postictal (⩽6 h after seizure), and interictal (7–48 h after seizure) ERP recordings of an auditory oddball paradigm. Preictal ERPs were compared to postictal and interictal recordings. Intraclass correlations, transformed into z scores, were utilized to analyze amplitude differences between electrodes placed on the hemisphere ipsilateral versus contralateral to the epileptogenic focus. The results showed that in 9 out of 10 patients the ERP amplitude was reduced in postictal compared to preictal recordings for electrodes placed ipsilateral to the epileptogenic focus (P
TU‐A‐217A‐01: Radiographic Tomosynthesis: Optimization of Acquisition Parameters

Radiographictomosynthesis is currently implemented with systems that obtain multiple radiographic projections in a linear motion about a rotation axis. The reconstructed images have anisotropic properties that depend on geometric factors involving the size and direction of the angular segment, the height of the rotation axis and the number of views acquired. In particular, it is important to consider the direction of the acquisition in relation to the shape of the tissues being examined. In relation to computed tomography, the radiographic factors and irradiated regions of the tomosynthesis examination provides for a reduction is dose and the high resolution of the tomosynthesisdetector provides for improved resolution. Factors influencing the specification of these acquisition parameters will be reviewed and illustrated with clinical tomosynthesis examples. Learning Objectives: 1. Appreciate the importance of scan direction in relation to tissue morphology. 2. Understand how tomosynthesisimages can have better resolution for lower dose than computed tomographyimages. But also appreciate that tomosynthesis does not provide isotropic, three dimensional images with quantitative values. 3. Learn guidelines for setting the radiographic factors of tomosynthesis studies.
Model programs for the preparation of middle school science teachers

In 1986, the National Science Foundation called for proposals to fund model programs for the preparation of middle school science and/or mathematics teachers. This paper reflects the results of a descriptive case study of the programs. Principal investigators at eight of the nine schools selected to receive funding agreed to be part of the study. Two of the schools, Portland State University and Illinois State University, are not extensively profiled here because they dealt only with mathematics education.
Determination of the g-Tensors and Their Orientations for cis,trans-(L-N2S2)MoVOX (X = Cl, SCH2Ph) by Single-Crystal EPR Spectroscopy and Molecular Orbital Calculations

A single-crystal study of cis,trans-(L-N2S2)MoVOCl (1) doped into cis,trans-(N2S2)MoVIO2 (3) has enabled the g-tensor of 1 and its orientation with respect to the molecular structure to be determined. The EPR parameters (g1, 2.004; g2, 1.960; g3, 1.946; A1, 71.7 x 10(-4) cm(-1); A2, 11.7 x 10(-4) cm(-1); A3, 32.0 x 10(-4) cm(-1)) of cis,trans-(L-N2S2)MoVOCl [L-N2S2H2 = N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-bis(mercaptophenyl)ethylenediamine] mimic those of the low-pH form of sulfite oxidase and the "very rapid" species of xanthine oxidase. The principal axis that corresponds to g1 is rotated approximately 10 degrees from the Mo[triple bond]O vector, while the principal axis that corresponds to g3 is located in the equatorial plane and approximately 38 degrees from the Mo-Cl vector. Independent theoretical calculations of the g-tensor of 1 were performed using two types of techniques: (1) the spectroscopically parametrized intermediate neglect of differential overlap technique (INDO/S) combined with single-excitation configuration interaction (CIS); (2) a scalar relativistic DFT (BP86 and B3LYP functionals) treatment using the zeroth order regular approximation to relativistic effects (ZORA) in combination with recently developed accurate multicenter mean field spin-orbit operators (RI-SOMF) and the estimation of solvent effects using dielectric continuum theory at the conductor-like screening model (COSMO) level. The excellent agreement between experiment and theory, as well as the high consistency between the INDO/S and BP86/ZORA results, provides a sound basis for analysis of the calculated orientation of the g-tensor for cis,trans-(L-N2S2)MoVO(SCH2Ph) (2), for which single-crystal EPR data are not available but which contains three equatorial sulfur donor atoms, as occurs in sulfite oxidase and xanthine oxidase. The implications of these results for the EPR spectra of the Mo(V) centers of enzymes are discussed.
Vital signs for basic research in the behavioral and social sciences

Notably missing fromScience Indicators are output measures of the status of basic research in the behavioral and social sciences. Two such measures are suggested. Citation indexes appear to yield estimates of quality as well as productivity that are comparable to peer judgments in various fields of science. A variety of measures of employment of scientific personnel may indicate the growth or decline of scientific activity in specific fields.
The nucleotide sequence recognized by the Escherichia coli K12 restriction and modification enzymes

Abstract The sites recognized by the Escherichia coli K12 restriction endonuclease were localized to defined regions on the genomes of phage φXsK1, φXsK2, and G4 by the marker rescue technique. Methyl groups placed on the genome of plasmid pBR322 by the E. coli K12 modification methylase were mapped in HinfI fragments 1 and 3, and HaeIII fragments 1 and 3. A homology of seven nucleotides in the configuration: 5′-A-A-C .. 6N .. G-T-G-C-3′, where 6N represents six unspecified nucleotides, was found among the DNA sequences containing the five EcoK sites of φXsK1, φXsK2, G4, and pBR322. Three lines of evidence indicate that this sequence constitutes the recognition site of the E. coli K12 restriction enzyme. The C in 5′-A-A-C and the T in 5′-G-T-G-C are locations of mutations leading to loss or gain of the site and thus are positions recognized by the enzyme. This sequence does not occur on φXam3cs70, simian virus 40 (SV40), and fd DNAs which do not possess EcoK sites, and occurs only once on φXsK1, φXsK2, and G4 DNAs, and twice on pBR322 DNA. In order to prove that all seven conserved nucleotides are essential for the recognition by the E. coli K12 restriction enzyme, the nucleotide sequences of φX174, G4, SV40, fd, and pBR322 were searched for sequences differing from the sequence 5′-A-A-C .. 6N .. G-TG-C-3′ at only one of the specified positions. It was found that sequences differing at each of the specified positions occur on DNA sequences that do not contain the EcoK sites. Thus, the recognition site of the E. coli K12 restriction enzyme has the same basic structure as that of the EcoB site (Lautenberger et al., 1978). In each case there are two domains, one containing three and the other four specific nucleotides, separated by a sequence of unspecified bases. However, the unspecified sequence in the EcoK site must be precisely six bases instead of the eight found in the EcoB site. Alignment of the EcoK and EcoB sites suggests that four of the seven specified nucleotides are conserved between the sequences recognized by these two allelic restriction and modification systems.
Dissociable neural mechanisms supporting visual short-term memory for objects

Using visual information to guide behaviour requires storage in a temporary buffer, known as visual short-term memory (VSTM), that sustains attended information across saccades and other visual interruptions. There is growing debate on whether VSTM capacity is limited to a fixed number of objects or whether it is variable. Here we report four experiments using functional magnetic resonance imaging that resolve this controversy by dissociating the representation capacities of the parietal and occipital cortices. Whereas representations in the inferior intra-parietal sulcus (IPS) are fixed to about four objects at different spatial locations regardless of object complexity, those in the superior IPS and the lateral occipital complex are variable, tracking the number of objects held in VSTM, and representing fewer than four objects as their complexity increases. These neural response patterns were observed during both VSTM encoding and maintenance. Thus, multiple systems act together to support VSTM: whereas the inferior IPS maintains spatial attention over a fixed number of objects at different spatial locations, the superior IPS and the lateral occipital complex encode and maintain a variable subset of the attended objects, depending on their complexity. VSTM capacity is therefore determined both by a fixed number of objects and by object complexity.
Laser separation of chemically strengthened glass

Abstract A laser method for separating the strengthened glass and the effect of this process on edge quality and strength are reported. We have shown, for the first time to our knowledge, that developed laser based cutting technique enables clean full separation of the strengthened glass sheets having high level of ion exchange without spontaneous cracking or shattering. Nearly “flaw-free” edge was achieved after optimization of the laser cutting parameters and after defining of an optimum range of the central tension inside the glass. As a result, high strength of the edge of > 500 MPa is demonstrated for the first time.
Epidural opioids during laminectomy surgery for postoperative pain.

Abstract Study Objective: To determine whether morphine applied directly to the dura during laminectomy surgery provides superior postoperative analgesia during the first 24 hours. Design: Randomized, double-blind study. Setting: A university-affiliated hospital. Patients: Twenty ASA physical status I and II patients ages 18 to 60 years. Interventions: Simultaneous topical dural application and intramuscular (IM) injection of unknown solutions of saline and morphine 3 mg. Measurements and Main Results: Postoperative analgesia was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS), a modified McGill-Melzack pain questionnaire, subjective nursing evaluations, and the amount of supplemental analgesic medication used. Patients were observed for complications and side effects. Compared with the patients who received epidural saline and IM morphine, the patients who received epidural morphine and IM saline had less postoperative pain as determined by VAS scores, nursing evaluations, and amount of supplemental opioid analgesic doses (1.6 ± 1.2 vs. 4.1 ± 1.2 analgesic doses per patient; p Conclusions: Morphine 3 mg applied topically to the dura at the end of laminectomy surgery is a simple, safe, and effective way of providing improved postoperative analgesia.
Knowledge spillovers, collective entrepreneurship, and economic growth: the role of universities

To improve our understanding of the role that universities play in facilitating the transmission of knowledge to private-sector business enterprises so as to generate economic growth, this article builds on the Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship to develop a formal model of university-with-business enterprise collaborative research partnerships in which the outcome is both mutually desirable and feasible. This model shows that if a university seeks to act as a complement to private-sector collaborative R&D so that it will be attractive to both incumbent firms and startup entrepreneurs, it needs to structure its program so that business enterprise revenues increase and business enterprise R&D costs rise by a smaller proportion than revenues increase, if they rise at all (and a fall would be better). Such a structure is consistent with both business enterprise and university interests, but is only likely to be feasible if the university is subsidized to cover the cost of such public-private collaborative research partnerships. In the absence of such support, the university will have to cover its costs through a fee charged to participating business enterprises and that will result in the university being seen as a substitute rather than a complement to private-sector collaborative R&D, and thus the university will be seen as an unattractive partner for many business enterprises.
Residual Life Assessment of Steam Generators With Alloy 600 TT Tubing: Methods and Application

The aim of the paper is to introduce methods to estimate the residual life of steam generators with alloy 600 thermally treated (TT) tubing, taking into account primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) as the main contributor damage. The methods take into account both initiation and propagation of PWSCC cracks in the expansion transition zone of steam generator tubes, as well as the current damage status (cracking and plugging) of the tube bundle, known from inspection results. A probabilistic model is used to treat initiation, while the propagation stage is treated in a deterministic way based on inspection data. After introducing the methods used to assess the residual life, a brief parametric study will be shown to illustrate the effects of initiation versus propagation. Eventually the cases of a few actual steam generators with tubing made of alloy 600 TT showing different situations of present damage and damage evolution rates will be presented.
School Social Work and Effective Schools

Characteristics of effective schoolsfor poor and minority children are linked to school social work.
Affect regulation and HIV risk among youth in therapeutic schools.

The acquisition of affect regulation skills is often impaired or delayed in youth with mental health problems but the relationship between affect dysregulation and risk behaviors has not been well studied. Baseline data from adolescents (N = 417; ages 13–19) recruited from therapeutic school settings examined the relationship between affect dysregulation, substance use, self-cutting, and sexual risk behavior. Analyses of covariance demonstrated that adolescents who did not use condoms at last sex, ever self-cut, attempted suicide, used alcohol and other drugs and reported less condom use self-efficacy when emotionally aroused were significantly more likely (p < .01) to report greater difficulty with affect regulation than peers who did not exhibit these behaviors. General patterns of difficulty with affect regulation may be linked to HIV risk behavior, including condom use at last sex. HIV prevention strategies for youth in mental health treatment should target affect regulation in relation to multiple risk behaviors.
Teaching With Media and Popular Culture

Preservice English teachers experienced the concept of teaching with media. They incorporated film, music, television, and visual texts that they viewed as having potential in teaching English classes. They also shared their lessons and media artifacts with one another, exchanging ideas and collaborating on subsequent projects that involved teaching with media.
Examination of the Effects of Intelligence on the Test of Variables of Attention for Elementary Students.

Objective: To examine the performance differences on the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) among different IQ level groups. Method: The present study examined the results of the TOVA with 138 elementary students aged 6 to 10 years who were assigned to one of four different groups based on their scores from the Wechsler Nonverbal Scale of Ability (WNV; low average: IQ 129). The latter two groups were combined. Results: On all TOVA measures (response time, response time variability, errors of omission and commission, and ADHD scores), intellectual functioning significantly influenced performance. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that performance on the TOVA was affected by intellectual functioning.
Decoding Neuropathic Pain in the Central Nervous System Through the Peri-Stimulus Histogram Method

Neuropathic pain develops as a result of damage to the peripheral or central nervous system from lesions or other forms of dysfunction. In a clinical setting, neuropathic pain is difficult to treat because the underlying mechanisms and pathophysiology are not well known. In order to investigate the connection between neuropathic pain and motor cortex encoding, rats with spared nerve injuries (SNI) were utilized as models. Using active stimulation methods, somatosensory data from both lesioned and sham paws was collected via two microarray electrodes in the hindlimb sensory motor cortices. The peri-stimulus time histogram (PSTH) method was employed for data classification. Compared to the sham group, the SNI group exhibited significant mean neuron response increases in the somatosensory cortex contralateral to the lesion site when exposed to a noxious surface. In addition, the uninjured limb also showed increased mean neuron responses in ipsilateral and contralateral sensorimotor cortices. These results support the idea that neuropathic pain is encoded in the central nervous system and not restricted to the periphery. Further exploration of these central nervous system mechanisms is required in order to develop a neurocomputational model of neuropathic pain.
Prehistoric fire area and emissions from California's forests, woodlands, shrublands, and grasslands

Abstract In the majority of US political settings wildland fire is still discussed as a negative force. Lacking from current wildfire discussions are estimates of the spatial extent of fire and their resultant emissions before the influences of Euro-American settlement and this is the focus of this work. We summarize the literature on fire history (fire rotation and fire return intervals) and past Native American burning practices to estimate past fire occurrence by vegetation type. Once past fire intervals were established they were divided into the area of each corresponding vegetation type to arrive at estimates of area burned annually. Finally, the First Order Fire Effects Model was used to estimate emissions. Approximately 1.8 million ha burned annually in California prehistorically (pre 1800). Our estimate of prehistoric annual area burned in California is 88% of the total annual wildfire area in the entire US during a decade (1994–2004) characterized as “extreme” regarding wildfires. The idea that US wildfire area of approximately two million ha annually is extreme is certainly a 20th or 21st century perspective. Skies were likely smoky much of the summer and fall in California during the prehistoric period. Increasing the spatial extent of fire in California is an important management objective. The best methods to significantly increase the area burned is to increase the use of wildland fire use (WFU) and appropriate management response (AMR) suppression fire in remote areas. Political support for increased use of WFU and AMR needs to occur at local, state, and federal levels because increasing the spatial scale of fire will increase smoke and inevitability, a few WFU or AMR fires will escape their predefined boundaries.
Cartilaginous tumors of the ribs

Thirty-five cases of cartilaginous tumors of the ribs–8 benign and 27 malignant–were treated at the Memorial Hospital. There were 13 females and 22 males, with an age range from 2 to 65 years. The benign tumors were divided into sessile juxtacortical chondromas, osteochondromas, and enchondromas. The treatment and prognosis of these cases were compared to those chondromas which, although benign histologically, recurred and acted as locally malignant. Patients with chondrosarcomas were divided into 2 groups, with a diagnosis of border line or malignant tumor. The latter group was subdivided into Grades I-III and fulminating undifferentiated types. The clinical setting and treatment, as well as the gross and histologic criteria, were evaluated. Tumors were graded microscopically and related to the patients' cure rate and survival.
Semantic WS-agreement partner selection

In a dynamic service oriented environment it is desirable for service consumers and providers to offer and obtain guarantees regarding their capabilities and requirements. WS-Agreement defines a language and protocol for establishing agreements between two parties. The agreements are complex and expressive to the extent that the manual matching of these agreements would be expensive both in time and resources. It is essential to develop a method for matching agreements automatically. This work presents the framework and implementation of an innovative tool for the matching providers and consumers based on WS-Agreements. The approach utilizes Semantic Web technologies to achieve rich and accurate matches. A key feature is the novel and flexible approach for achieving user personalized matches.
ENDOGENOUS PHOTOSENSITIZATION IN A CAROTENOIDLESS MUTANT OF RHODOPSEUDOMONAS SPHEROIDES

Endogenous photosensitization in a carotenoidless mutant of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides has been studied. When this mutant is exposed to visible light and oxygen there is a short lag period followed by exponential killing of the cells. The killing process obeys the Bunsen-Roscoe law of reciprocity and is temperature-independent. The chlorophyll content of the cells does not affect the rate of killing until a certain low threshold has been reached. Exposure of photosynthetically grown cells to air in the dark induces a temporary desensitization to the killing. A certain proportion of the population is invariably resistant to the photokilling. Evidence is presented to show that the resistance of these cells is probably a result of their abnormally low chlorophyll content. One consequence of the irradiation is the appearance of abnormally small colonies upon plating the survivors. This is interpreted in terms of a multi-hit theory. The photosensitizing pigment itself (the intracellular bacteriochlorophyll) is destroyed. The process is zero order, temperature-dependent, and does not follow the reciprocity law. It is suggested that the death of the cell results from a disruption of the cell membrane.
cis- and trans-Acting determinants of transcription termination by yeast RNA polymerase II.

Most eukaryotic genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II (Pol II), including those that produce mRNAs and many noncoding functional RNAs. Proper expression of these genes requires efficient termination by Pol II to avoid transcriptional interference and synthesis of extended, nonfunctional RNAs. We previously described a pathway for yeast Pol II termination that involves recognition of an element in the nascent transcript by the essential RNA-binding protein Nrd1. The Nrd1-dependent pathway appears to be used primarily for nonpolyadenylated transcripts, such as the small nuclear and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). mRNAs are thought to use a distinct pathway that is coupled to cleavage and polyadenylation of the transcript. Here we show that the terminator elements for two yeast snoRNA genes also direct polyadenylated 3′-end formation in the context of an mRNA 3′ untranslated region. A selection for cis-acting terminator readthrough mutations identified conserved features of these elements, some of which are similar to cleavage and polyadenylation signals. A selection for trans-acting mutations that induce readthrough of both a snoRNA and an mRNA terminator yielded mutations in the Rpb3 and Rpb11 subunits of Pol II that define a remarkably discrete surface on the trailing end of the enzyme. Our results suggest that, at least in budding yeast, protein-coding and noncoding Pol II-transcribed genes use similar mechanisms to direct termination and that the termination signal is transduced through the Rpb3/Rpb11 heterodimer.
Non-Linear Optics for the Final Focus of the Single-Pass-Collider

The purpose of the final focus system (FFS) is to demagnify the beam envelope in the Collider arc lattice to a size suitable for beam collisions at the interaction region. The final spot size is determined by the beam emittance, the beta function ..beta..* at the IR, the momentum spread in the beam, and the quality of the FFS optics. In particular, if the focusing system is not chromatically corrected, the momentum dispersion in the beam can lead to a substantial degradation in the quality of the final focus. The objective is to design a FFS for 50 GeV/c within approx. 100 meters having an IR spot size sigma/sub xy/ of approximately 2 ..mu..m for a beam emittance of epsilon = 3 x 10/sup -10/ m-rad and a momentum spread of delta = +-0.5%. This requires a ..beta../sub x,y/ equal to or less than 1 cm. This report considers the problems encountered in the design of a final focus system that will reliably provide the desired beam size for collisions.
Polymerization of 4‐vinylcyclohexene by the cyclic polymerization mechanism

4-Vinylcyclohexene is an example of a 1,5-diene and is functionally capable of under-going cyclic polymerization. Polymerization to soluble polymers was accomplished by cationic and Ziegler-type initiators. Cationic initiation resulted in 28% conversion to polymer, of which 85% was soluble, having intrinsic viscosity of 0.11 dl./g. Infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses led to the conclusion that cyclization of the monomer occurred to the extent of almost 50%. Ziegler-type initiation resulted in 20% conversion to polymer of which 45% was soluble, essentially saturated, and having intrinsic viscosity of 0.04 dl./g. X-ray diffraction studies on these polymers indicated no appreciable degree of crystallinity.
Role of erythropoietin in the brain

Multi-tissue erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R) expression provides for erythropoietin (EPO) activity beyond its known regulation of red blood cell production. This review highlights the role of EPO and EPO-R in brain development and neuroprotection. EPO-R brain expression includes neural progenitor cells (NPC), neurons, glial cells and endothelial cells. EPO is produced in brain in a hypoxia sensitive manner, stimulates NPC proliferation and differentiation, and neuron survival, and contributes to ischemic preconditioning. Mice lacking EPO or EPO-R exhibit increased neural cell apoptosis during development before embryonic death due to severe anemia. EPO administration provides neural protection in animal models of brain ischemia and trauma, reducing the extent of injury and damage. Intrinsic EPO production in brain and EPO stimulation of endothelial cells contribute to neuroprotection and these are of particular importance since only low levels of EPO appear to cross the blood-brain barrier when administered at high dose intravenously. The therapeutic potential of EPO for brain ischemia/trauma and neurodegenerative diseases has shown promise in early clinical trial and awaits further validation.
Yield Performance of Wheat Isolines with Different Dosages of the Short Arm of Rye Chromosome 1

It was reported that wheat cultivars with reduced metaxylem diameters in roots produced higher grain yields compared to those with larger metaxylem diameters under drought conditions, but not under well-watered conditions. Multiple dosages of rye 1RS translocations in wheat were reported to reduce root metaxylem diameter. The dosage number of 1RS translocations was inversely proportional to the root metaxylem diameter. Two greenhouse experiments and a field experiment were carried out at University of California, Riverside in 2012 and 2013 under well-watered and terminal drought treatments to test whether translocation lines of wheat cv. Pavon 76 containing 1(RA1), 2 (RA2 and RD2), and 4 dosages (RAD4) of 1RS produced higher grain yields than the control with zero dosage (R0) under terminal drought. Drought in the field experiment reduced grain yield significantly. Grain yield of RA2 (23.9 g-1) was significantly greater than those of RD2 (20.6 g-1) and RAD4 (17.3 g-1) under well-watered field conditions. Also, grain yield of RAD4 was significantly less than those of RA1, R0, and RD2 under well-watered conditions. Under drought field conditions, only significant difference in grain yield was found between RA1 (14.7 g-1) and RAD4 (12.4 g-1). Harvest index was significantly greater in well watered (44.2%) than in droughted (34.6%) field conditions. On average, genotype R1 (42.3%) and RA2 (40.6%) had higher harvest index than RD2 (38.3%) and DAR4 (35.5%) in the field. Also, R0 (40.2) and RD2 (38.3) had higher harvest index than DAR4. In general, Pavon 1RS.1AL carrying double doses of 1RS showed higher grain yields under wet treatments. Pavon 1RS.1AL-1RS.1DL carrying four doses of 1RS produced largest shoot and root biomasses, but relatively had least grain yield. There was a negative correlation between the grain yield loss and metaxylem diameter in roots at mild stress levels (~36%).
Caregiver Engagement in Religious Urban Elementary Schools

ABSTRACT This article examines how school leaders in a religious school serving traditionally marginalized students improve their school communities through constructing space for caregiver engagement. This study suggests how counter-narratives of critical care can inform social justice leadership in schools. The results, from a case study of a Catholic urban elementary school that uses innovative and effective strategies to engage caregivers, show that educational leaders create spaces for engaging caregivers by developing relationships with them and systematically reducing barriers to their participation in the school community. Analyzing these results through the critical care theory lens illuminates how these spaces value diverse forms of social and cultural capital are strengthened by alliances with nontraditional support structures. This research contributes to our evolving understanding of caregiver engagement by presenting a textured analysis of a case study as viewed through a critical care conce...
Automotive fault diagnosis - part II: a distributed agent diagnostic system

For pt.I see Crossman, J.A. et al., ibid., p.1063-75. We describe a novel diagnostic architecture, distributed diagnostics agent system (DDAS), developed for automotive fault diagnosis. The DDAS consists of a vehicle diagnostic agent and a number of signal diagnostic agents, each of which is responsible for the fault diagnosis of one particular signal using either a single or multiple signals, depending on the complexity of signal faults. Each signal diagnostic agent is developed using a common framework that involves signal segmentation, automatic signal feature extraction and selection, and machine learning. The signal diagnostic agents can concurrently execute their tasks; some agents possess information concerning the cause of faults for other agents, while other agents merely report symptoms. Together, these signal agents present a full picture of the behavior of the vehicle under diagnosis to the vehicle diagnostic agent. DDAS provides three levels of diagnostics decisions: signal-segment fault; signal fault; vehicle fault. DDAS is scalable and versatile and has been implemented for fault detection of electronic control unit (ECU) signals; experiment results are presented and discussed.
The Prediction of Job Behavior with Expectancy-Value Attitudes and Perceived Norms

The ability of Fishbein's expectancy-value model to predict behaviors performed by 363 salesmen and 88 college teachers was tested. Independent measures of attitude as well as measures computed with four expectancy-value models when combined with three perceived norm variations were found to significantly predict behavior. Limited evidence that attitudes and perceived norms predict job behavior better than either variable alone was also presented.
Experimental study of virtual machine migration in support of reservation of cluster resources

Virtual Machines are becoming increasingly valuable to resource consolidation and management, providing efficient and secure resource containers, along with desired application execution environments. This paper focuses on the VM-based resource reservation problem, that is, the reservations of CPU, memory and network resources for individual VM instances, as well as for VM clusters. In particular, it considers the scenario where one or several physical servers need to be vacated to start a cluster of VMs for dedicated execution of parallel jobs. VMs provide a primitive for transparently vacating workloads through migration; however, the process of migrating several VMs can be time-consuming and needs to be estimated. To achieve this goal, this paper seeks to provide a model that can characterize the VM migration process and predict its performance, based on a comprehensive experimental analysis. The results show that, given a certain VM's migration time, it is feasible to predict the time for a VM with other configurations, as well as the time for migrating a number of VMs. The paper also shows that migration of VMs in parallel results in shorter aggregate migration times, but with higher per-VM migration latencies. Experimental results also quantify the benefits of buffering the state of migrated VMs in main memory without committing to hard disks.
Soluble ephrin-B2 mediates apoptosis in retinal neovascularization and in endothelial cells

Purpose EphB4 receptors and their ephrinB2 ligands are essential for vascular development, but also play a role in pathological neovascularization (NV). We previously reported that soluble (s) forms of EphB4 and ephrinB2 significantly reduced retinal NV in a model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. This study investigates if these molecules suppress retinal NV by stimulation of endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis.
Effects of the interpersonal game upon intra- and interpersonal concepts, personality characteristics, and interpersonal relationships.

Playing The Interpersonal Game (IG) should result in (a) increased congruence between a player's self-concept and his self-ideal, between his ideal concept of the other player and the other player's self-ideal, and between his concept of the other player and the other player's self-concept, (b) lowered scores on the MMPI scales of Ai, D, Hy, Sc, Hs, and Pa, and an increased score on the MMPI Es scale, and (c) an improved relationship with the other player. Two groups were formed at random, an experimental group which played the IG consisting of 15 boy-girl pairs and a control group of 16 boy-girl pairs which did not play the game. Pre- and posttests, using a Self and Others Rating Scale, the MMPI, and an Interpersonal Relationship Rating Scale were administered to all Ss. Appropriate t tests comparing the mean change scores for the game group with the controls failed to confirm any of the hypotheses.
Beneficence in Public Administration Research, or Who Needs the NSF Anyway?

The charge to link academic research to good ends is one that has, lately, been linked to federal funding for all types of political science research, to include public adminsitration research. Pub...
Theory and experiment for ultrahigh pressure shock Hugoniots

Abstract Several equation of state models for hot, dense matter are compared with experimental data for the shock Hugoniots of beryllium, aluminum, iron, copper, and molybdenum up to extreme pressures. The best models are in good agreement with experiment and with one another, suggesting that our understanding of dense, partially ionized matter is good.
A weighted finite state transducer implementation of the alignment template model for statistical machine translation

We present a derivation of the alignment template model for statistical machine translation and an implementation of the model using weighted finite state transducers. The approach we describe allows us to implement each constituent distribution of the model as a weighted finite state transducer or acceptor. We show that bitext word alignment and translation under the model can be performed with standard FSM operations involving these transducers. One of the benefits of using this framework is that it obviates the need to develop specialized search procedures, even for the generation of lattices or N-Best lists of bitext word alignments and translation hypotheses. We evaluate the implementation of the model on the French-to-English Hansards task and report alignment and translation performance.
The effect of RF annealing upon electron-beam irradiated MIS structures

Abstract The effects of RF annealing upon electron-beam irradiated MOS and MNOS structures are discussed. The capacitors are irradiated with a 25 keV electron beam with the dosage of either 1.6×10 −5 Coul/cm 2 or 3.2×10 −5 Coul/cm 2 . Both the flat-band voltage, V FB , and the mid-gap surface state density, N FS , are examined as a function of annealing duration and input power and are compared to the thermal annealing results. The annealing results show that the RF annealing is more effective than the conventional thermal annealing. The results also show that the annealing rate is different between MOS and MNOS capacitors. This observation is explained in terms of the difference in trapping behavior and additional stress induced by the Si 3 N 4 film.
High performance static and dynamic cooperative communication protocols for the half duplex fading relay channel

Two novel communication protocols for the quasistatic coherent fading relay channel are proposed and analyzed under the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff framework. Both these protocols satisfy the half-duplex constraint and fall under the class of decode and forward (DF) protocols, wherein the relay node attempts to decode the source signal and if successful transmits the re-encoded signal. The first protocol is a static DF protocol where the relay waits for a fixed, channel independent duration before attempting to decode. It is shown that it achieves a tradeoff curve that uniformly improves upon those of the previously best known static half-duplex protocols, which are the NAF protocol and the STC3 protocol. Our second protocol is a dynamic DF protocol where the relay waits for a dynamic, channel dependent duration before attempting to decode and it is shown to achieve a tradeoff curve that uniformly improves upon the previously proposed half-duplex dynamic DF protocol.
Orientation To Africa: A Fu nction of the Sense of H istory

There is a tension within Black America. And it has its roots in the general history of the race. The manner in which we see this history determines how we act. How should we see this history? What should we feel about it? This is important to know, because the sense of how that history should be felt is what either unites or separates us.—Roy Neal, "And Shine Swam On," Black Fire, 1969