cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Robust characterization of viscoelastic materials from measurements of group shear wave speeds

This study describes a new method to determine the stiffness µ 0 and viscosity η of viscoelastic materials by observing shear wave propagation following localized, impulsive excitations and measuring the group shear wave speeds V disp and V vel determined using the shear wave displacement and velocity signals, respectively. The stiffness and viscosity are found by analytically solving the equation of motion describing shear wave propagation and calculating lookup tables µ 0 (V disp , V vel ) and η(V disp , V vel ) to give µ 0 and η from the measured shear wave speeds. Results are presented for three viscoelastic phantoms and one approximately elastic phantom. The method is robust because group shear wave speeds are easily measured experimentally, the lookup tables are relatively insensitive to the size and shape of the excitation, and the difference ΔV = V vel − V disp gives a first order measure of viscosity in the same way that the group shear wave speed gives a measure of the material stiffness.
Emotion instruction in journalism courses: an analysis of introductory news writing textbooks

ABSTRACTThis study explores how introductory news writing textbooks address issues surrounding emotional labor and its consequences, both for journalists and for those they interview. Eighteen of t...
Ancient Ethics and Contemporary Systems: The Yamas, the Niyamas and Forms of Organization

The ethics of yoga (yamas and niyamas) are ancient ideas, perhaps 5,000 years old, roots of Hindu and Buddhist philosophies, but universal and eternal in sentiment and appeal. This article matches each of these ten ethics with modern management or leadership theory. Then, systems theory is considered, specifically Boulding’s (Boulding 1970) three types of organizing systems (Threat, Exchange, and Integrative) to determine which of the yamas and niyamas might function where. Finally, the yamas and the niyamas are reviewed in the context of types of power and organizing systems. The yamas and the niyamas have a place in contemporary management systems. Therefore, this article contributes to the leadership and management literatures’ considerations of power by examining the ethics of yoga from an organizing systems perspective.
Rigged lotteries: a diachronic problem for reducing belief to credence

Lin and Kelly (J Philos Log 41(6):957–981, 2012) and Leitgeb (Ann Pure Appl Log 164(12):1338–1389, 2013, Philos Rev 123(2):131–171, 2014), offer similar solutions to the Lottery Paradox, defining acceptance rules which determine a rational agent’s beliefs in terms of broader features of her credal state than just her isolated credences in individual propositions. I express each proposal as a method for obtaining an ordering over a partition from a credence function, and then a belief set from the ordering. Although these proposals avoid the original Lottery Paradox, I raise a diachronic case which illustrates that neither satisfies both (i) Lin and Kelly’s constraint that the update on orderings track the update on credence functions, and (ii) the intuitive constraint that credence of at least 0.5 is necessary for rational belief. I conclude by suggesting that we reformulate these proposals in terms of orderings over entire algebras based on partitions rather than orderings just over the partitions themselves. Reformulating both rules in this way yields acceptance rules which avoid the Lottery Paradox while satisfying both the tracking and likeliness constraints.
Support of the nurse

AIM A multidisciplinary concept analysis of support of the nurse. BACKGROUND Nurses provide support on a daily basis to their patients and this aspect of support has been well established in current literature, yet support of the nurse rather than from the nurse is not readily established in recent research. The gaps in the analysis of support of nurses are addressed from a multidisciplinary approach. METHODS Using the Walker and Avant's method, a concept analysis of support of the nurse was conducted. Electronic databases (CINAHL, MedLine, and PyscINFO) were searched using the terms support, concept analysis, and nurse. Of the 27 articles found in the search, only seven articles met the inclusion criterion of nurse as primary subject matter. RESULTS The three defining attributes of support are a safe environment, connection, and communication. Antecedents of support include accessibility and information. Consequences of support are relationships formed and empowerment. The empirical referent highlighted in current literature is the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. CONCLUSION While the support that nurses provide to patients has been studied for years, there is a lack of studies addressing the concept of support of nurses. Future research could fill this gap by investigating support of nurses in holistic ways, such as qualitative or mixed-method analysis. Support is not always accessible in a face to face format, so mobile and web options are presented as possible interventional opportunities to meet nurses at the bedside.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for distributed averaging with state constraints

Distributed averaging algorithms for multi-agent systems have recently gained a significant amount of interest. In many cases, maximizing the convergence rate of these algorithms leads to rapid changes in the system's state, which may not be desirable or physically possible. This paper derives necessary and sufficient conditions to guarantee that the states of the system are always contained within a polytopic region during the convergence process. These constraints prevent sudden or steep changes in the state variables. In addition to providing these conditions, we provide a convex design for the controller that can achieve the fastest convergence while satisfying the constraints. The design problem is formulated as a semi-definite program (SDP) which can be solved using any standard interior-point method SDP solver, and the solution can thus be efficiently computed.
Critical Thinking Theory to Practice: Using the Expert's Thought Process as Guide for Learning and Assessment

Critical thinking skills are essential for the successful dentist, yet few explicit skillsets in critical thinking have been developed and published in peer-reviewed literature. The aims of this article are to 1) offer an assessable critical thinking teaching model with the expert's thought process as the outcome, learning guide, and assessment instrument and 2) offer three critical thinking skillsets following this model: for geriatric risk assessment, technology decision making, and situation analysis/reflections. For the objective component, the student demonstrates delivery of each step in the thought process. For the subjective component, the student is judged to have grasped the principles as applied to the patient or case. This article describes the framework and the results of pilot tests in which students in one year at this school used the model in the three areas, earning scores of 90% or above on the assessments. The model was thus judged to be successful for students to demonstrate critical thinking skillsets in the course settings. Students consistently delivered each step of the thought process and were nearly as consistent in grasping the principles behind each step. As more critical thinking skillsets are implemented, a reinforcing network develops.
Marketing Your IoT Initiatives

Businesses and customers view the benefits of IoT differently. Everybody has a bit unique perspective on this. It is critical that you market your IoT efforts effectively to your internal stakeholders and your customers. This is important because you need to educate stakeholders about the inherent change management issues in how you transact business in the IoT context. You also want to demonstrate your thought leadership and technical stewardship in bringing new value to everybody internally and externally. Like any other marketing effort, you need to exploit multiple channels of marketing and also embed marketing efforts in your products and services. In this chapter, we will introduce you a framework of driving thought leadership through a product-patent-publicity framework and expose you to some of the best practices in the field.
Youthful hours: Shifting poll-opening times manipulates voter demographics:

People vary in their preferred times of day for activity. Notably, as individuals age, their daily energy and attention typically peaks earlier in the day. When voting is permitted may then affect voters’ age distribution, even when holding constant the number of hours polls are open. Data from along the time-zone border in Kentucky, where poll-availability hours vary, supports this hypothesis: places where voting hours are later see higher turnout rates among younger voters and lower turnout rates among older voters. The one-hour delay in voting hours reduces older registrants’ turnout, and boosts younger registrants’, by roughly three percentage points.
An Accurate Pulse Measurement System for Real-Time Oscilloscope Calibration

An accurate sampling system for calibrating the pulse response of real-time digitizing oscilloscopes up to 100 V is described. The measurement system is the result of ongoing efforts at the Nationa...
Cosmetic Dermatology Training During Residency: Outcomes of a Resident-Reported Survey.

BACKGROUND As the demand for cosmetic treatments increases, it is important for dermatology residents to be educated about and achieve proficiency in dermatologic cosmetic procedures. OBJECTIVE To assess dermatology residents' educational exposure to cosmetic dermatology. MATERIALS AND METHODS An anonymous 18-question survey was sent electronically to 1,266 dermatology residents requesting information about cosmetic dermatology training during residency. RESULTS Two hundred sixty-eight residents responded to the survey (21% response rate). Most residents receive didactic instruction (94%) and hands-on training (91%) on cosmetic dermatology topics during residency. Survey participants in residency programs perceived as supportive of cosmetic dermatology training are more frequently provided lectures (70% vs 31%, p < .001) and procedural training (100% vs 69%, p < .001) in cosmetic dermatology as compared to residents in unsupportive programs. Eighty-nine percent of respondents reported hands-on training as the most effective method for developing proficiency in cosmetic procedures. CONCLUSION Providing safe and competent patient care should serve as the impetus for expanding cosmetic dermatology education and training for residents.
The Allman Brothers Band: Conveying the Blues Idea

The original lineup of the Allman Brothers Band (ABB) brought with them a diverse musical heritage that allowed the band to develop their own brand of blues-rock music. Their collective musical exp...
The cross-finger flap. An established reconstructive procedure.

SUMMARY Cross-finger flaps have been performed by our group in more than 200 patients. Subjective questioning and objective testing in a random group of 23 of these patients confirms the value of this procedure for reconstruction of the injured finger. It is reliable and flexible in its application. The patients usually report their flaps to be functional, durable, and free of pain. Cold intolerance, as with other methods of reconstruction, remains a problem. Sensibility in the flaps proved to be functional in the majority of patients. The preservation of length and range of motion is reflected in the fact that disability settlement was a rare occurrence. This flap has been applied in patients of widely varying ages with minimal morbidity. Overall patient satisfaction has been quite rewarding. In the properly selected patient, the carefully performed procedure provides a superior means of reconstruction for the injured finger with loss of significant soft tissue.
Lip hypertrophy secondary to cyclosporin treatment

Gingival hypertrophy is a well-documented side effect of cyclosporin therapy, but severe lip enlargement is less frequently recognised. This can lead to poor body image, low self-esteem and non-compliance, especially in the older childhood and adolescent age groups. We describe two paediatric renal transplant recipients who had marked lip hypertrophy as a consequence of cyclosporin (Neoral) treatment. On changing the immunosuppression to tacrolimus (Prograf), this resolved. We recommend that a change in immunosuppressant therapy be considered in children with significant changes to facial appearance.
Etiology and prevention of substance use among Asian American youth.

Among populations identified by the U.S. Bureau of the Census, it is anticipated that the Asian/Pacific Islander (API) population will experience the greatest change between 1990 and 2050 (U.S. Bureau of the Census. [1996, February]. Current population reports. Series P25-1130. Washington, DC: U.S. Government printing office). Limited studies focus on APIs as a racial group and still fewer disaggregate samples to specific ethnic Asian subgroupings. This paper begins with definitions of the API communities, then examines rates of adolescent drug use, risk and protective factors, and preventive intervention effectiveness focused on API communities. The limited epidemiological data suggest that in general, APIs are at a relatively lower risk for drug use than youth from most other ethnic groups. However, the available data also suggest that use may not be as low as generally assumed with rates for alcohol use, smoking, and some illicit drugs being equal to or exceeding those of African Americans and European Americans. Despite the paucity of available data on particular Asian subgroups, the available data demonstrate that there are differences among API subgroups, underscoring the importance of identifying Asian subgroups when studying substance use and when planning prevention and treatment. The limited data examining the etiology of drug use across API subgroups suggests that some of the risk and protective factors derived from majority based research may also be predictors for these populations. These data support the utility of examining the generalizability of existing tested prevention approaches among different API communities. Finally, further efforts should be made to encourage and support the evaluation of community-based programs that already target and deliver services to API youth.
Acquired retinochoroiditis in hamsters inoculated with ME 49 strain Toxoplasma.

Purpose. These studies were undertaken to establish an animal model for use in studies of ocular toxoplasmosis. An animal model is needed to examine the development, progression, and resolution of ocular Toxoplasma infections and to study the effects on the disease of currently used and experimental therapies. Methods. Cysts of the ME 49 strain of Toxoplasma gondii were injected intraperitoneally into each of 60 golden hamsters. The hamsters' eyes were examined before inoculation and at intervals after inoculation, and fundus photographs were taken. Histologic sections were analyzed and photographed to document the ocular effects of the infection. Results. Retinochoroiditis was found in both eyes of all hamsters within 2 to 3 weeks of inoculation. The disease resolved spontaneously without treatment and was quiescent in most cases at 12 weeks after inoculation. The animals remained in good general health, and those tested had high antibody titers to Toxoplasma (1 :256 to 1 :32,000) at 6 months after the infection. The discovery of cysts and lesions in the retina confirmed the diagnosis. Conclusions. Although the lesions were not identical to those of human disease, this animal model of ocular toxoplasmosis offers several advantages : reproducibility, short incubation time, spontaneous resolution without treatment, consistent production of cysts, and ease of inoculation intraperitoneally without intraocular injection. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995 ;36 :2166-2175.
The Effect of Tick Size on Volatility, Trader Behavior, and Market Quality

We use the American Stock Exchange?s May 1997 market-wide adoption of $1/16 ticks to examine several hypothesis relating to tick size reduction. Specifically, we consider volatility, other aspects of market quality, trader behavior, and specialist profits. The hypothesis that volatility is directly related to tick size is supported by significant decreases in both daily and transitory volatility. Consistent with the hypothesis that market quality improves after the switch, we also find that while bid-ask spreads decline, depths do not. While we find no significant changes in overall specialist profits, we develop a direct test of changes in professional traders? activity in ?stepping ahead of the book?, and find an increase in this behavior, suggesting benefits to market orders through price improvement. Finally, we develop and test a model that shows that stocks with spreads greater than one tick may exhibit significant narrowing of spreads following a tick size reduction. Our results are consistent with the predictions of our model.
Integration of metal-free ring-opening metathesis polymerization and organocatalyzed ring-opening polymerization through a bifunctional initiator

We have investigated the use of metal-free ring-opening metathesis polymerization (MF-ROMP) in combination with organocatalyzed ring-opening polymerization (o-ROP) to produce diblock copolymers with highly disparate block compositions via exclusively metal-free methods. Use of a bifunctional initiator bearing a vinyl ether as organic initiator for MF-ROMP and an alcohol for initiation of o-ROP allowed for investigation of three synthetic approaches: (1) sequential polymerization with isolation of the intermediate macroinitiators, (2) simultaneous bidirectional polymerizations, and (3) “one-pot” sequential monomer addition. Macroinitiators formed by first conducting o-ROP were successfully used in subsequent MF-ROMP to prepare diblock copolymers. Simultaneous MF-ROMP and o-ROP was thwarted by incompatible cross-combinations of catalysts and monomers. Finally, a straightforward “one-pot” synthesis of block copolymers, using o-ROP followed by MF-ROMP, was realized by sequential addition of each monomer-catalyst combination.
Multi-Limbed Robot Vertical Two Wall Climbing Based on Static Indeterminacy Modeling and Feasibility Region Analysis

This paper presents a technique to model statically indeterminate forces based on stiffness matrices for multi-limbed climbing robots. Current wall climbing robots in literature overlook statically indeterminate forces, causing an incapability to estimate climbing failure under certain circumstances. Accounting for these forces, robot deformation can be approximated, paving the way for the proposed two-wall climbing approach. During a wall climb, two failure modes, slide and over-torque, are identified to compute feasible climbing region. A hexapod robot is used to verify the proposed technique by climbing between walls with pure friction end effectors.
Safety zone for splenic hilar control during splenectomy: a computed tomography scan mapping of the tail of the pancreas in relation to the splenic hilum.

Abstract Inadvertent injury to the tail of the pancreas is a potentially serious but preventable complication that can occur during laparoscopic splenectomy. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of using computed tomography to map the location of the tail of the pancreas relative to the spleen to locate a possible safe zone for splenic hilar dissection and/or hemostasis. Abdominal computed tomography scans of 150 patients were studied. The distance from the tail of the pancreas to the hilum of the spleen was determined for each patient. Resultant descriptive statistics were correlated with patient's age, gender, body mass index, and spleen size using the independent t test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multivariate analysis. Computed tomography was successful in mapping the distance from the tail of the pancreas to the splenic hilum in 148 patients. The average distance from the tail of the pancreas to the splenic hilum was 3.42 cm +/- 1.54 cm (95% confidence interval, 3.17-3.67). During splenic vascular control, it is important to stay within 1 cm from the splenic hilum to minimize the risk of injury to the tail of the pancreas during splenectomy.
Business-to-Peer Carsharing Systems with Electric Vehicles

Carsharing systems are adopting electric vehicles into their fleets and may therefore be able to provide not only transportation services to drivers/passengers but also energy services to the power grid through appropriate participation in electricity markets. This paper develops a queuing model of such carsharing platforms where cars may be deployed for transportation services at a given price, but also for grid services during transportation-idle periods through energy price arbitrage. The model provides a characterization of revenue from each of these two streams. The paper further finds optimal pricing and battery splitting to maximize revenue for the carsharing platform, via an analysis of the reward structure and an optimization algorithm. Platform revenue is assessed for various system parameters under optimal operation.
Analysis of households food insecurity and its coping mechanisms in Western Ethiopia

This study analyzed households’ food insecurity and its determinants along with the coping mechanisms opted against food insecurity and shortage in Assosa zone, western Ethiopia. The study used a primary data collected from 276 randomly selected households for 7 consecutive days from each sample using weighed records method. In addition, focus group discussions and key informants interview were also used. This study employed descriptive statistics, food insecurity index and Tobit model to analyze the data. The finding of the study revealed that, in the study area, the incidence of food insecurity was 53.62%, with the depth and severity of food insecurity being 16.84% and 7.32%, respectively. The study finding also pointed out that the mean kilocalorie intake of food insecure households was 1440.37kcal/AE/day, with the minimum and maximum being 597.65 kcal and 2048.13 kcal, respectively. Furthermore, the estimated Tobit model result revealed that age of the household head, family size and off-farm and non-farm income positively affected extent of households food insecurity; whereas access to irrigation, farm income, distance to market and access to credit negatively affected the extent of households’ food insecurity. Moreover, the study also identified that reducing meal size, reducing frequency of meal served, working as a daily laborer and selling livestock’s were the top four main coping mechanisms opted against food insecurity and/or shortage. Therefore, to reverse the incidence, future interventions should focus on the aforementioned factors to build the capacity of households through enhancing their access to human, financial and physical capital.
Three-dimensional imaging of in vivo bones and joints with diffuse optical tomography

We report full three-dimensional (3D) volumetric reconstruction of absorption images of in vivo bones and joints from near-infrared (NIR) tomographic measurements. Imaging experiments were conducted on human fingers and wrists embedded in cylindrical scattering media using a single-detection multi-channel diffuse optical imager. The volumetric optical images were recovered with our 3D finite element based reconstruction algorithm. Our results show that 3D imaging methods can provide details of the joint structure/composition that would be impossible from 2D imaging methods.
Repairing Narcissistic Deficits Through the Use of Imagery

In this presentation I will describe a method for utilizing imagery techniques within the context of dynamic psychotherapy specifically as a means for the repair of deficits in the structure of the self. Imagery procedures are viewed as measures through which to promote corrective internalization, thus providing the narcissistically impaired patient with the necessary experiences for advantageous developmental progression.
Augmented Reality Game for Anti Corruption Education in Behavior of Students of University

The behavior of students of university in their study have an effect in their character toward corruption. As motivation effects the behavior and the behavior effects the character of person [1]. Game is one of interactive digital media that can be used as educational tools. Game education is a digital game which structured for educational purpose [2]. Augmented Reality game is a live direct or indirect view from real word perspective whose elements are augmented by computer-generated in which a view of reality is modified even diminished by a computer [3]. This Journal contains the result of using Augmented Reality game as education media for anti corruption education in behavior of university students. Education materials consist of bad behavior of university students that appear on their study and their relation with corruption. Keywords – Augmented Reality, Game, Behavior, University, Student, Education
Insulin-like Peptides as Agents of Social Change.

Many behaviors promote reproduction or food finding. These critical functions of behavior can conflict; successful reproductive strategies can grow populations to the point where food is depleted. In this issue of Neuron, Wu et al. (2019) show how the nematode C. elegans detects crowding to change feeding behavior by coupling pheromone sensing to signaling via insulin-like peptides.
The Effect of Preoperative Opioid Dosage on Postoperative Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Knee Surgery.

Background Opioid prescription before knee replacement surgery is associated with longer hospital stays, more postsurgical pain, and a higher rate of complications. Despite the growing evidence against opioids, they remain popular preoperative pain management prescriptions. Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dosage of preoperative opioid use on orthopedic knee surgery pain control and postoperative outcomes and complications. Study design Observational, retrospective evaluation. Setting University of Wisconsin Madison hospitals. Methods The patients underwent orthopedic knee surgery between May 1, 2014 and April 30, 2015. We randomly selected 197 patients and divided them into 2 groups that had preoperative opioid dosages of either low dose 120 MME. Of 197 patients, 100 were in the low dose morphine group, whereas 97 were high dose. The cutoff at 120 MME was calculated to be the median dosage across all patients. The primary outcomes were compared, differences in postoperative pain control, and range of motion (ROM). Secondary outcomes included anesthetic complications, length of hospital stay, postoperative opioid dose, and postoperative complications. Results There were no statistically significant differences between the groups with regard to postoperative pain control, ROM, and immediate postoperative complications. Both groups showed similar length of hospitalization (2.199 to 2.304 days; P = 0.374), rate of postoperative infection, and joint intervention. The high dose group was more likely to have postoperative hemarthrosis and emergency department (ED) visits. However, the low dose group was more likely to have hypertension concurrently. Limitations Because the study length was restricted to one year, the lack of data on longer term prognosis may limit extrapolation of data. Subjectivity of pain is difficult to measure and compare objectively. This study was not randomized prospectively, which may bias certain results due to unobserved differences. Conclusions Preoperative opioid dose did not affect postoperative pain control or ROM in patients who received knee surgeries. Higher preoperative opioid doses were associated with more hemarthrosis and ED visits. Further exploration into quality of life indices and surgical complications such as need for revision may be a fruitful avenue. Key words Opioids, analgesic, knee pain, total knee replacement, knee surgery, pre-operative opioids, knee outcomes.
Subsistence in the Plantationocene: dooryard gardens, agrobiodiversity, and the subaltern economies of slavery

The expansion of monocultures across New World tropical landscapes threatens an Afrodescendant smallholder farming system that has long prioritized agrobiodiversity and agroecological practices. Th...
Humic acid fouling during ultrafiltration

Recent studies have shown that natural organic matter (e.g., humic and fulvic acids) is a major foulant during ultrafiltration of surface water. The objective of this study was to develop a more complete understanding of the mechanisms governing humic acid fouling, including the effects of humic acid adsorption, concentration polarization, and aggregate deposition on the rate and extent of fouling. Data were obtained with Aldrich and Suwannee River humic acids using ultrafiltration membranes with a broad range of molecular weight cutoffs. Fouled membranes were also examined using streaming potential and contact angle measurements. The extent of flux decline was greatest for the largest molecular weight cutoff membranes due to the greater relative hydraulic resistance of the humic acid deposit formed on the surface of these membranes. This humic acid deposit reduced the apparent zeta potential and increased the membrane contact angle. Simple static adsorption and concentration polarization caused relatively little flux decline. Humic acid aggregates had a significant effect on fouling only for the larger molecular weight cutoff membranes. The rate and extent of humic acid fouling increased at low pH, high ionic strength, and in the presence of calcium due to changes in intermolecular electrostatic interactions. These results provide important insights into the mechanisms of humic acid fouling during ultrafiltration.
The functional networks of a novel environment: Neural activity mapping in awake unrestrained rats using positron emission tomography.

Introduction Novel environment stimulation is thought to have an important role in cognitive development and has been shown to encourage exploratory behavior in rats. However, psychopathology or perceived danger or stress can impede this exploratory drive. The balance between brain circuits controlling the exploratory drive elicited by a novel environment, and the avoidance response to stressors, is not well understood. Methods Using positron emission tomography (PET) and the glucose analog [18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), we assessed awake brain glucose metabolism (BGluM) in rats while in a novel environment (cage of an unfamiliar male rat) and non-novel environment (the animal's home cage). Results Exposure to the novel environment increased BGluM in regions associated with vision (visual cortex), motor function and motivated behavior (striatum and motor cortex), and anxiety (stria terminalis), and decreased BGluM in regions associated with auditory processing (auditory cortex, insular cortex, inferior colliculus), locomotor activity (globus pallidus, striatum, motor cortex, ventral thalamic nucleus), spatial navigation (retrosplenial cortex), and working memory (hippocampus, cingulate cortex, prelimbic cortex, orbitofrontal cortex). Conclusion These results suggest that the novel cage is a stressful environment that inhibits activity in brain regions associated with exploratory behavior. Patterns of inhibition in the novel cage also support the proposed rat default mode network, indicating that animals are more cognitively engaged in this environment. Additionally, these data support the unique capability of combining FDG-PET with psychopharmacology experiments to examine novelty seeking and brain activation in the context of decision making, risk taking, and cognitive function more generally, along with response to environmental or stress challenges.
Mixed Methods Study of Patient and Primary Care Provider Perceptions of Chronic Pain Treatment.

Abstract Objective A mixed-method study involving patient focus groups and survey of primary care providers (PCPs) sought to compare perspectives about chronic pain (CP) and its treatment. Our goal was to identify needs and barriers for facilitating patient-centered care. Methods Two focus groups of CP patients from a single academic medical center explored interactions with PCPs and their understandings, experiences, and expectations of CP treatment. They were also asked their opinions about self-assessment/communication tools. We compared themes with survey data from two PCP research networks. Results CP patients understand opioid risks and fear PCP judgement and condescension, while sensing PCP fear and avoidance of opioid prescribing. PCPs are dissatisfied with their ability to provide optimal CP care, despite feeling that patients are generally satisfied with their clinic visits. Evaluation tools, especially assessment of functional activities, are favorably viewed by all, but deemed time prohibitive. Conclusion Patients’ understanding of opioid risks, desire for attention on functional goals and behavioral treatment may be greater than PCPs perceive. Such gaps in understanding and attitudes, if recognized, could support high-quality communication and interventional strategies. Practice Implications These findings guide patient-PCP communication toward alignment of treatment goals and enhanced coordination of care.
A Dynamic Data Driven Applications Systems (DDDAS)-Based Digital Twin IoT Framework

One of the key elements of DDDAS is the ability to create a feedback control loop from the sensory system to the model to enable more accurate and fast data-driven analysis. When constructing such a framework, it is especially important to provide an efficient, filtered data stream to the model. To address this need, this investigation describes a DDDAS-based Digital Twin IoT Framework which comprises three layers, namely the Edge, Fog and Cloud. The Edge is composed of either commercial sensing data acquisition systems or by sensors without any commercial system being involved. The Edge layer is connected to the Fog which is a decentralized computing layer that consists of an in-house built Internet of Things (IoT) device. Within the Fog, real-time data is aggregated, parsed, filtered, and passed through a layer of user-defined algorithms. These algorithms can be either predefined or made using an interactive algorithm building application. The main goal of the algorithms used at the Fog, is to reduce the incoming data and classify it into known classes. This process allows a real-time data flow to the Cloud, as only important decision-making components of the data is propagated. The algorithms are trained in the Cloud layer using historic data to enable stronger confidence in Prognostics and Remaining Useful Life (RUL) calculations. The Cloud is also responsible for hosting a user interface (UI) to interact with the Edge and Fog Layers and the Digital Twin model. The UI enables users to start, stop, and modify their data acquisition and visualize their analytics in (near) real-time. In the proposed study, sensing data obtained through mechanical testing using a carbon composite will be leveraged for the framework. Diagnostics and Prognostics leveraging a probability framework will be conducted on the sensor data.
Analysis of approaches to determining the cost of production

The article is of interest to managers and scientists involved in the study of dealing with determining the cost of production in all economic activity areas, regardless of the organization’s ownership. The article has a theoretical nature and aims to generalize the current understanding of the formation of production costs. The article aims to analyse the production cost in further search for scientifically sound ways to clarify it. To achieve the article's goal, an analysis of many publications from the subject publication was conducted. A large number of scientific papers in this field have been established. The article analyses the components of product formation, briefly characterise them. It is determined that the cost of marketable products is calculated on the basis of cost elements reflected in the estimate. The question of the formation of the prime cost of production of the enterprise is investigated. It is determined that the cost of production is one of the most multifaceted indicators of economic activity of enterprises that characterises the work of enterprises and organisations. The article emphasises that the cost of products (services) comprehensively characterises the use of all enterprise resources of the enterprise, it is one of the most critical indicators of production efficiency at the enterprise, and it is reflected. The article is the starting point in a thorough study of the formation of production costs to improve the existing methodology of the subject area.
The Corporate University

American public universities have evolved from educational institutions that forbade patenting or start-up companies to corporate universities. Until World War II, patenting was all but forbidden, with very a few exceptions. Following the war, the federal government funded research with lavish support and universities became research powerhouses. Over time, state and federal legislators began to see an enormous business opportunity in university research. Since the passage of the Bayh-Dole act universities have been able to own intellectual property and take an equity stake in companies started by faculty. The success stories look tantalizing. However, the cost of setting up a Technology Transfer Office and maintaining a large patent portfolio is daunting. The reality is that universities are playing roulette. Some win big, pay off their patent costs, and fund new buildings. Others lose money and feel ever greater pressure to get into the game. The consequences for research ethics are difficult to estimate, but these changes are clearly not increasing the extent of careful and deliberate research.
Lemon and Tea Are Not Similar: Measuring Word-to-Word Similarity by Combining Different Methods

Substantial amount of work has been done on measuring word-to-word relatedness which is also commonly referred as similarity. Though relatedness and similarity are closely related, they are not the same as illustrated by the words lemon and tea which are related but not similar. The relatedness takes into account a broader ranLemge of relations while similarity only considers subsumption relations to assess how two objects are similar. We present in this paper a method for measuring the semantic similarity of words as a combination of various techniques including knowledge-based and corpus-based methods that capture different aspects of similarity. Our corpus based method exploits state-of-the-art word representations. We performed experiments with a recently published significantly large dataset called Simlex-999 and achieved a significantly better correlation (ρ = 0.642, P < 0.001) with human judgment compared to the individual performance.
Perceptual and Objective Performance Measures: An Empirical Analysis of the Difference and its Impact

This paper quantifies the extent of bias that occurs in the estimated relationship of performance with other marketing variables when perceptions of both are obtained from the same respondents using the same method. We econometrically separate the bias due to factors like response style and measurement format, which affect all estimated relationships uniformly and are stable over time, from that due to respondents' psychological processes like positive illusions, cognitive consistency, and self-serving attributions, which differentially influence some estimated relationships. We predict the direction of these biases and test our hypotheses using five years of objective data on the performance of the independent agents of a retailer, along with the agents' perceptions of their performance and of other marketing constructs gathered in surveys conducted during the same years.
Latino Religious Affiliation and Ethnic Identity

Despite the pervasiveness of Catholicism among Latinos, studies reveal an increasing shift toward Protestantism. Examining the relationship between religion and ethnicity, we explore homeland language use as a core ethnic marker using a survey from the Pew Hispanic Center. Results reveal that Catholic Latinos are significantly more likely to use Spanish at home, even after controlling for other key variables. In response, we posit that Latino Catholicism and Protestantism entail significantly different religiosities in both home and host countries that impact Latino ethnic identification and its markers such as language use. Catholicism displays a higher level of inculturation in the sending country and greater overt institutional acceptance of ethnic culture in host countries. Protestantism in Latin America breaks with localized religiosity and traditions, and U.S. Protestant congregations may de-emphasize ethnic culture in their theologies and worship. Hence, Latino Catholicism acts as a bridge to homelands and reinforces ethnic salience, thereby supporting continued Spanish use at home. In contrast, Protestants embrace a reorienting religiosity that often presides over ethnic identification, decreasing the salience of homeland cultural markers.
Scanning Electron Microscopy

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has a history almost as old as TEM, but the development of a commercial product took much longer. (1938) built the first SEM, and (1942) produced an SEM with a 50-nm probe. A group in Cambridge, England headed by Oatley began work in 1948 that led to the first commercial SEM (the Cambridge Stereoscan) in 1965. (1963) achieved a beam diameter of 5nm, which resulted in 10-nm resolution. With the introduction of the Cambridge Stereoscan in 1965, the biological Community immediately began exploiting the tool to examine numerous tissues and cells. During the 1970s, resolution was improved to 5–6 nm, microprobe analysis (EDS) was applied to SEMs, freeze-fracture methods were explored (Haggis, 1972), and magnifications of over 100,000 × became a reality. The 1980s saw the introduction of FEGs in commercially produced SEMs offered by Hitachi and then JEOL, which allowed lower accelerating voltages and increased magnification and resolution (under 1 nm) and which were immediately adopted by materials scientists. A major technological advance occurred in 1986, when Cambridge Instruments introduced the first digital SEM. This allowed images to be stored and transmitted as digital files, allowed several independently captured images to be averaged to minimize charging artifacts, and led to the contemporary assortment of SEMs operated through a Microsoft Windows™ environment, which has provided a user platform that is accessible to most scientists at work today. By the late 1980s, biologists had discovered FEG instruments and were examining tissues and cells at low voltages with high magnifications previously possible only with sectioned material viewed with a TEM (Ris, 1991). The 1980s and 1990s also saw improvements in probe diameters for microanalysis along with better instrument sensitivity, allowing recognition of elements with lower Z-numbers than previously possible (see Chapter 14).
Effect of Promotion with Sn on Supported Pt Catalysts for CO2Reforming of CH4

The reforming of CH4with CO2(dry reforming) was studied at 800°C over SiO2and ZrO2supported Pt–Sn catalysts. Several preparation methods were investigated. It was found that the Pt/ZrO2catalyst had much higher activity and stability than the Pt/SiO2catalyst due to the ability of the ZrO2to promote CO2dissociation. On this catalyst, the decomposition of CH4and the dissociation of CO2occur via two independent pathways. The long-term activity of the catalyst is dependent upon the balance between the rate of CH4decomposition and the rate of cleaning of carbonaceous deposits. The co-impregnation of Sn and Pt on the ZrO2results in lower activity and stability than the monometallic catalysts. Depending on the reaction conditions, disruption of the Pt–Sn alloys may occur, causing deposition of tin oxide that inhibits the role of the ZrO2. Special preparation methods can result in the controlled placement of Sn on the Pt particle, minimizing the promoter–support interaction. These catalysts exhibit higher activity and stability than the monometallic catalyst under severely deactivating conditions, 800°C, and a 3 : 1 ratio of CH4: CO2. It is possible to deposit Sn onto Pt/ZrO2catalysts in a manner which reduces carbon deposition without inhibiting the beneficial role of the support.
Neurons Rho to Get in Shape for the Day

Linking structural changes in neurons to animal behavior has proven challenging. New findings by Petsakou et al. tie daily cycles of axon arbor extension and retraction, mediated by Rho activity, to circadian and seasonal patterns of behavior in the fruit fly.
Nonequivalent Groups: Equipercentile Methods

Equipercentile equating methods have been developed for the common-item nonequivalent groups design. These methods are similar to the equipercentile methods for random groups described in Chapter 2. Equipercentile methods with nonequivalent groups consider the distributions of total score and scores on the common items, rather than only the means, standard deviations, and covariances that were considered in Chapter 4. As has been indicated previously, equipercentile equating is an observed score equating procedure that is developed from the perspective of the observed score equating property described in Chapter 1. Thus, equipercentile equating with the common-item nonequivalent groups design requires that a synthetic population, as defined in Chapter 4, be considered. In this chapter, we present an equipercentile method that we show to be closely allied to the Tucker linear method of Chapter 4. We also describe how smoothing methods, such as those described in Chapter 3, can be used when conducting equipercentile equating with nonequivalent groups. The methods described in this chapter are illustrated using the same data that were used in Chapter 4, and the results are compared to the linear results from Chapter 4.
United Nations: Victims of Crime: Implementation of the Conclusions and Recommendations of the Seventh United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders Measures taken to implement the Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power

This report records the steps which Member countries and other recognised bodies within the United Nations have taken to implement the U.N. Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of...
DFY and DFR are more important than DFT

The purpose of testing a circuit is to verify that it functionally matches its ideal behavior. If the behavior is not what is anticipated, it is considered failing. If the failing behavior is a result of a defective design, e.g. a “bug”, a serious re-design effort would be undertaken. This re-design is based upon knowledge of typical circuit behavior and re-design encompasses using a broad spectrum of electrical modeling. However, this only looks into one aspect of a circuit: the electrical representation. This effort does not necessarily explore the physical manifestation of the components used to create the circuit and their susceptibility to failure.
Millimeter-wave surface impedance measurements of YBa2Cu3O7−δ ceramic superconductors

We have measured the temperature dependence of the surface impedance, ZS(T), at 102 GHz of several YBa2Cu3O7−δ ceramic superconductors. We compare our results for the magnitude of the surface resistance, RS, with values from microwave measurements, with millimeter-wave measurements conducted on oriented films, and with a calculation using the Mattis-Bardeen theory.
Parametric Amplification with SIS Junctions

The nonlinear reactance of an SIS junction may be exploited to construct a parametric amplifier. It is possible to sample the reactive non-linearity while discriminating against the resistive nonlinearity. The only noise is therefore the input quantum noise h?wB.