cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wireless powering of sensors in free space and concrete medium

The whole idea of this paper is to power sensors buried inside concrete at a certain depth by using a reconfigurable PIFA antenna [2] and to power sensors in free space. The PIFA antenna inside concrete has to absorb power from the incident plane wave on the surface of concrete. Electric field which is incident on concrete would decay according to the parameters of concrete. The purpose of this paper is to show that an antenna with a fractal surface is an ideal choice to power a sensor inside concrete since the surface area is much larger. Any device in free space can by powered from the RF energy that its antenna receives from another antenna. Since the antenna [1] is large we can make sure that more than one sensor could be powered by a single antenna at a single time inside concrete. Antennas in free space are powered based on the electric field on its surface. Reconfigurable antennas can be used for powering sensors for transmission from inside the surface of concrete which would provide a lot of advantages. Concrete was modeled in HFSS according to the parameters in previous research papers [2].
Surgically Confirmed Incorporation of a Chronically Retained Neurointerventional Microcatheter in the Carotid Artery

A woman reported painful thrombosis of the superficial femoral artery 16 months after a transfemoral microcatheter was glued into a cerebral arteriovenous malformation and transected at the groin. When the catheter was removed, a portion was found to be incorporated into the wall of the carotid artery. This case demonstrates that portions of a retained microcatheter may be incorporated into the arterial wall while other portions may remain mobile and cause late peripheral arterial symptoms.
Structural Graph Indexing for Mining Complex Networks

Systems such as proteins, chemical compounds, and the Internet are being modeled as complex networks to identify local and global characteristics of the system. In many instances, these graphs are very large in size presenting challenges in their analysis. Hence, graph indexing techniques are developed to enhance various graph mining algorithms. In this paper, we propose a new Structural Graph Indexing (SGI) technique that does not limit the number of nodes in indexing to provide an alternative tool for graph mining algorithms. As indexing feature, we use common graph structures, namely, star, complete bipartite, triangle and clique, that frequently appear in protein, chemical compound, and Internet graphs. Note that, SGI lists all substructures matching structure formulations and other graph structures can be identified and added to the SGI.
Socioeconomic Differentials in Mortality Among the Oldest Old in China

Although an inverse relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and mortality has been well documented for many populations throughout the world, it remains unclear whether this relationship holds true for the oldest old. Most notably, some scholars have suggested that the relationship may disappear at the oldest ages. Using data from the 1998, 2000, and 2002 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, this study examined the relationship between SES and mortality among the oldest old (80 years and older) population in China. The results show the continuing prevalence of SES differentials in mortality—higher SES is significantly associated with lower mortality risks—among the oldest old in China. The authors further show that the relationship holds regardless of how the oldest old are operationalized (as 80 years and older, 90 years and older, or 100 years and older).
Improved peak detection in mass spectrum by incorporating continuous wavelet transform-based pattern matching

Motivation: A major problem for current peak detection algorithms is that noise in mass spectrometry (MS) spectra gives rise to a high rate of false positives. The false positive rate is especially problematic in detecting peaks with low amplitudes. Usually, various baseline correction algorithms and smoothing methods are applied before attempting peak detection. This approach is very sensitive to the amount of smoothing and aggressiveness of the baseline correction, which contribute to making peak detection results inconsistent between runs, instrumentation and analysis methods. Results: Most peak detection algorithms simply identify peaks based on amplitude, ignoring the additional information present in the shape of the peaks in a spectrum. In our experience, 'true' peaks have characteristic shapes, and providing a shape-matching function that provides a 'goodness of fit' coefficient should provide a more robust peak identification method. Based on these observations, a continuous wavelet transform (CWT)-based peak detection algorithm has been devised that identifies peaks with different scales and amplitudes. By transforming the spectrum into wavelet space, the pattern-matching problem is simplified and in addition provides a powerful technique for identifying and separating the signal from the spike noise and colored noise. This transformation, with the additional information provided by the 2D CWT coefficients can greatly enhance the effective signal-to-noise ratio. Furthermore, with this technique no baseline removal or peak smoothing preprocessing steps are required before peak detection, and this improves the robustness of peak detection under a variety of conditions. The algorithm was evaluated with SELDI-TOF spectra with known polypeptide positions. Comparisons with two other popular algorithms were performed. The results show the CWT-based algorithm can identify both strong and weak peaks while keeping false positive rate low. Availability: The algorithm is implemented in R and will be included as an open source module in the Bioconductor project. Contact: s-lin2@northwestern.edu Supplementary material:http://basic.northwestern.edu/publications/peakdetection/. Colour versions of the figures in this article can be found at Bioinformatics Online.
Relations of Postload and Fasting Glucose With Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality Late in Life: The Cardiovascular Health Study

Background Older adults have a high prevalence of postload hyperglycemia. Postload glucose has shown more robust associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and death than fasting glucose, but data in the oldest old are sparse. Methods Fasting and 2-hour postload glucose were measured in community-dwelling older adults, mean age 78, at the 1996-1997 follow-up visit of the Cardiovascular Health Study. We evaluated their associations with atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) and mortality using standard Cox regression and competing-risks analyses and assessed improvement in prediction-model discrimination with the c-statistic. Results Among 2,394 participants without treated diabetes and available data on glycemic measures, there were 579 ASCVD events and 1,698 deaths during median follow-up of 11.2 years. In fully adjusted models, both fasting and 2-hour glucose were associated with ASCVD (HR per SD, 1.13 [1.03-1.25] and 1.17 [1.07-1.28], respectively) and all-cause mortality (HR 1.12 [1.07-1.18] and 1.14 [1.08-1.20]). After mutual adjustment, however, the associations for fasting glucose with both outcomes were abolished, but those for postload glucose were largely unchanged. Consistent findings were observed for ASCVD in competing-risks models. Conclusion In adults surviving to advanced old age, postload glucose was associated with ASCVD and mortality independently of fasting glucose, but fasting glucose was not associated with these outcomes independently of postload glucose. These findings affirm the robust association of postload glucose with ASCVD and death late in life.
Donagan On The Sins Of Consequentialism

Most intuitively forceful criticisms of utilitarianism, I believe, reduce to two basic objections. Both arise from the relentlessness of the utilitarian injunction to promote the overall good. On the one hand, this means that agents are permitted to perform an act of any kind whatsoever–provided only that the consequences of that act are better than those of any alternative. In particular, this means that it is permissible to impose tremendous sacrifices or injuries upon someone, if this is the only way to ensure even greater gains for others. But in allowing agents to deliberately impose harm on someone for the sake of others, utilitarianism seems to permit acts which are morally unacceptable. Intuitively, we want to say that rights, or other moral prohibitions, forbid treating people in certain ways–ways allowed by utilitarianism. This, then, is the first major objection: utilitarianism permits too much.
Spermiogenesis and Reproductive Biology of Dermanyssus gallinae (DeGeer) (Parasitiformes: Dermanyssidae)

Mating behavior, spermiogenesis, egg development time, and male mating capacity of Dermanyssus gallinae (DeGeer) (Parasitiformes: Dermanyssidae) are described. Insemination is podospermal, via spermadactyls inserted into sperm induction pores located on each side of the body (podosoma) near the posterior of coxae III. Mating behavior is of the Amblyseius-Typhlodromus type, requiring 14 min to 1 h. One or both sperm induction pores may be used. Spermatophores isolated during mating were spherical, translucent, permeable to stain, and approximately 200 μm in diameter with a smaller neck where they were held by male chelicerae. Observation and measurement of approximately 200 spermatozoa from male reproductive tracts, spermatophores, and unfed and fed mated females indicate that spermatozoa in this species do not develop beyond irregularly rounded nonpolar cells with granular cell membranes, agranular cytoplasm, and large, densely stained nuclei with average cellular and nuclear dimensions of 7.80 by 11.73 and 3.70 by 4.09 μm, respectively. Several spermatozoa were observed in medial ovarian tissue of unfed females 1d after mating, and spermatozoa were not found in five unfed females 32 d after mating. Egg maturation and protonymphal development appear staggered, not synchronous. Males probably are incapable of successfully inseminating more than three or four females in the same number of days.
Talar Neck Fractures: Anatomic Considerations for Posterior Screw Application

The bony window available for posterior screw placement in the talus and the morphology of the talar neck were studied in 50 dry tali. In addition, 12 cadaver specimens were used to study the posterolateral approach. The bony window was bounded medially by the lateral tubercle of the posterior process of the talus, laterally by the fibular facet, superiorly by the trochlear articular surface, and inferiorly by the posterior calcaneal facet. The average vertical thickness at 2-mm increments was recorded across the talar neck to define the bony mass available for screw insertion. The smallest thickness of the talar neck was at a point 2 mm medial to the lateral border. The thickness progressively increased in a medial direction. The superior talar neck surface was found to have an average width of 18.4 +/- 1.6 mm. The angle formed between the superior and lateral surfaces of the talar neck averaged 29.3 degrees, which would account for the better delineation of the lateral border of the neck under fluoroscopy of the talus with the foot in pronation. The diameter of the screw in relation to the window height should be considered.
Virtuality and the Future of the Printed Word: Challenges and Implications for Academic Libraries

References to virtual libraries, virtual technology, virtual reality, and the "Information Superhighway" till technology and library journals, conference programs, and the popular press. Effective utilization of these new technologies poses a significant challenge to academic libraries. New strategies are required if we wish to move beyond automation and modernization, and truly transform the library and its services. While reengineering of organizational structures and processes must begin on a local level, transformation cannot occur in isolation. Collaboration and cooperation must reach beyond individual departments, libraries, and campuses, and include commercial as well as academic interests.
Effects on Insecticidal Selection and Treatment on Reproductive Potential of Resistant, Susceptible, and Heterozygous Strains of the Southern House Mosquito

The effects of the organophosphate insecticide temephos on the reproductive potential of Culex quinquefasciatus Say was investigated on a resistant (RR) strain, a susceptible (SS) strain, and a heterozygous (RS) strain synthesized from them. Strains were treated as larvae at two to four mortality levels, and daily fertility and fecundity estimates were made on a sample of the adult survivors. From these data, the intrinsic rate of increase, r, was calculated. This measure was found to be a more useful estimate of reproductive potential than fecundity or fertility alone. The RR strain that had been maintained under strong selection pressure before the study exhibited several classical effects of strong directional selection; it was less fecund, took longer to develop, and had poorer viability than a similar strain that had been maintained without selection. In addition, the reproductive potential of this strain was adversely affected at all three treatment levels investigated. The SS strain also was affected adversely by treatment, but the RS strain showed no apparent biotic effect.
Decision Theory in Econometrics

The decision-theoretic approach to statistics and econometrics explicitly specifies a set of models under consideration, a set of actions available to the analyst, and a loss function (or, equivalently, a utility function) that quantifies the value to the decision-maker of applying a particular action when a particular model holds. Decision rules, or procedures, map data into actions, and can be evaluated on the basis of their expected loss.
Modern Psychopharmacology and Psychiatric Treatment

The need for effective treatments of psychiatric disorders is indicated by the high prevalence of many of these disorders [47] , particularly substance-use, anxiety, and mood disorders, as well as their high burden of direct and indirect costs to society (Tables 1.1 and 1.2).
Evaluation of Dyspnea Outcomes After Endoscopic Airway Surgery for Laryngotracheal Stenosis.

Importance Endoscopic airway surgery is a frequently used procedure in the management of laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS); however, no established outcome measures are available to assess treatment response. Objective To assess acoustics and aerodynamic measures and voice- and dyspnea-related quality of life (QOL) in adult patients with LTS who undergo endoscopic airway surgery. Design, Setting, and Participants This case series compared preoperative measures and postoperative outcomes among adult patients who underwent endoscopic airway surgery for LTS from September 1, 2013, to September 30, 2015, at the tertiary care Johns Hopkins Voice Center. Patients were excluded if they did not undergo balloon dilation or if they had multilevel or glottic stenosis. The Phonatory Aerodynamic System was used to quantify laryngotracheal aerodynamic changes after surgery. Final follow-up was completed 2 to 6 weeks after surgery. Main Outcomes and Measures The voice-related QOL instrument (V-RQOL), Dyspnea Index, and Clinical Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Questionnaire were completed before and after endoscopic surgery. Consensus auditory perceptual evaluation of voice, acoustic measurements, and aerodynamic outcomes were also assessed. Results Fourteen patients (1 man and 13 women; mean [SD] age, 45.4 [4.3] years) were enrolled. The mean postoperative V-RQOL scores (n = 14) increased from 74.3 to 85.5 (mean of difference, 11.3; 95% CI, 2.2 to 20.3). The mean postoperative Dyspnea Index (n = 14) decreased from 26.9 to 6.6 (mean of difference, −20.3; 95% CI, −27.9 to −12.7); the mean postoperative Clinical Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Questionnaire scores (n = 9) decreased from 3.2 to 1.0 (mean of difference, −2.2; 95% CI, −3.4 to −0.9). Postoperative mean vital capacity (n = 14) increased from 2.5 to 3.1 L (mean of difference, 0.6 L; 95% CI, 0.3-1.0 L), whereas mean laryngeal resistance (n = 14) decreased from 73.9 to 46.4 cm H 2 O/L/s (mean of difference, −27.5 cm H 2 O/L/s; 95% CI, −44.8 to −10.3 cm H 2 O/L/s) postoperatively. Conclusions and Relevance Patients demonstrate statistically and clinically significant improvement in dyspnea-related QOL, whereas a few patients showed a clinically significant improvement in V-RQOL. Dyspnea-related QOL outcomes should be added to airway surgeons’ regular assessment of patients with LTS to measure treatment response and inform the decision to perform a second operation, whereas V-RQOL outcomes need additional prospective study with a larger sample size. The Phonatory Aerodynamic System is not an optimal method to quantify changes in laryngotracheal aerodynamics after intervention in LTS.
Insect Trace Fossils in Other Substrates than Paleosols I. Plant Remains

Chapters on insect trace fossils in other substrates are included in the book to provide a very concentrated, but no comprehensive, overview on the whole universe of insect trace fossils, particularly interesting for entomologists. Insect trace fossils are very in common in plant remains. Traces in wood have been described since the second half of the nineteenth century and involve mostly borings of xylophagous groups of insects, such as cerambicids, buprestids, scolytids, carpenter bees and termites. Described ichnogenera, revised herein, include Paleobuprestis, Paleoscolytus, Paleoipidius, Xylokrypta, Anobichnium, Asthenopodichnium, Xylonichnus, Stipitichnus, Cycalichnus, Dekosichnus, Pecinolites and Linckichnus among others. The big picture of insect trace fossils in wood shows a lot of brief descriptions scattered in the literature, a few ichnotaxa described, which in many cases are not compared with each other, and the lack of the standardized set of ichnotaxobases to erect new ichnotaxa. Traces in fossil leaves are more numerous and its ichnotaxonomical scenario very complicated. Mostly, these traces are grouped in functional feeding groups, including excisions (marginal, non-marginal, window and skeletonizations), galls, mines and incisions (piercing and sucking and ovipositions). Extant and fossil examples of these functional groups are briefly revised, mostly dealing with the best defined ichnotaxa representing them. Some of these ichnogenera are: Phagophytichnus, Folifenestra, Paleoovoidus, Paleogallus, and Fenusa among others. Stems, petioles, seeds, pollen, spores and fruits also show insect trace fossils, which are briefly reviewed in this chapter, including ichnogenera such as Carporichnus, Lamniporichnus, Acrobulbillites, and Petiolocecidium among others. Color plates of extant and fossil traces and their producers are provided.
NATURE AND GROWTH RESPONSE OF THE MICROFLORA OF PASTEURIZED, PACKAGED MILK1

Summary The microflora of freshly pasteurized, packaged milk is heterogeneous, and the numbers are generally low. While it is commonly assumed all bacteria are included in assays of numbers with plate count agar and standard methods, under normal conditions few are able to grow and contribute significantly to spoilage. Post-pasteurization contamination, which contributes insignificantly to the total count on freshly pasteurized, packaged milk, contributes most of the bacteria that are capable of growth to cause spoilage during subsequent storage. Though there is a delay after pasteurization before significant bacterial growth takes place, the same group of bacteria is responsible at either 5 C or 32 C. The growth response of these bacteria was measured with a selective medium of nutrient agar containing alkyl aryl sulfonate. Data obtained by the use of the selective medium indicated a potentially useful approach to quality control.
Zombies, Star Trek, and International Relations

The prime optimism of Star Trek, and by implication of humans, is that all able-minded people are capable of speculating about the absolute and the desire to know the absolute is common to the vast majority of us. It is this shared desire that, according to Star Trek, can be basis for human political, social unity. Therefore, the Borg and zombies are a profound threat to this project of unity and they represent the frightening end of the historic quest to gain absolute knowledge.
Intragastric Balloons in Clinical Practice

Cost-effective therapies to address the growing epidemic of obesity are a leading priority in modern medicine. Intragastric balloons (IGBs) are one such option, with increased effectiveness compared with pharmacotherapy and lifestyle and a lower rate of adverse events than bariatric surgery. IGBs are endoscopically placed or swallowed space-occupying devices in the stomach. Three IGB systems were approved in 2015 to 2016 by the Food and Drug Administration for use in the United States, with more devices nearing approval. This paper reviews the adverse events and efficacy of IGBs, and practice setup, management of common complications, and dietary advice for patients.
Components of Reflection: A Longitudinal Analysis of Study Abroad Student Blog Posts.

Reflection supports actively transforming perspectives regarding study abroad experiences. The current study examines the "how" of reflection. Content of reflections is dictated by questions posed. The process of reflection is less prescribed yet revealing of paths to student understanding. Students posted to a web log (blog) over six time periods during their study abroad sojourn. Five reflection components were identified and tracked via cognitively complex processes and emotional aspects of their writings as analyzed by linguistic inquiry computer software. Changes in language usage revealed patterns of how students reflected. A precipitous drop in identifying distinctions between self and the host culture during immersion seemed to indicate an intense struggle attempting to make meaning of their experience. Also, findings highlighted markedly conflicted feelings both at pre-departure and upon reentry. Linguistic analysis proved promising for both assessment and design of reflective prompts.
Race Differences in Gastrostomy Tube Placement After Stroke in Majority-White, Minority-Serving, and Racially Integrated US Hospitals

We sought to determine individual and system contributions to race disparities in percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement after stroke. Ischemic stroke admissions were identified from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample between 2007 and 2011. Hospitals were categorized based on the percentage of ethnic/racial minority stroke patients ( 50% ethnic/racial minorities [“minority-serving hospitals”]). Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between ethnicity/race and PEG utilization within and between the different hospital strata. Among 246,825 stroke admissions, patients receiving care in minority-serving hospitals had higher odds of PEG compared to patients in majority-white hospitals, regardless of individual patient race (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.24, 95% CI 1.12–1.38). Ethnic/racial minorities had higher odds of PEG than whites in any hospital strata; however, this discrepancy was largest in majority-white hospitals (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.48–1.76), and smallest in minority-serving hospitals (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.11–1.33; p for interaction < 0.001). Ethnic/racial minority patients had similar odds of PEG in any hospital strata, while white patients had increasing odds of PEG in racially integrated and minority-serving compared to majority-white hospitals (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.15–1.43 in racially integrated, and OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.23–1.57 in minority-serving, compared to majority-white hospitals, p for trend < 0.001). The likelihood of PEG after ischemic stroke was increased in minority-serving compared to majority-white hospitals. White patients had higher odds of PEG in minority-serving compared to majority-white hospitals, indicating a systemic difference in PEG placement across hospitals.
Building Coalitions: Leading with Peace

Jesus said: “Blessed are the peace-makers” (Matt. 5:9). In contemporary organizational leadership contexts, effective teamwork requires connecting people through social contracts. Effective leaders create a culture of collaboration whereby followers develop mutual respect from which high levels of engagement and productivity come. Peace is highlighted throughout the Old and New Testaments. The analysis will show that relational harmony is an outcome of respect, trust, support, and care. The analysis will examine the covenant relationship between David and Jonathan, as well as other Old and New Testament texts, to demonstrate the nuanced nature of the Biblical understanding of peace. The analysis will show both the antecedents to and effects of peace in the contemporary organizational context, focusing on building trust, mutual respect, organizational harmony, and collaboration.
Genetic and Developmental Basis for Increased Leaf Thickness in the Arabidopsis Cvi Ecotype.

Leaf thickness is a quantitative trait that is associated with the ability of plants to occupy dry, high irradiance environments. Despite its importance, leaf thickness has been difficult to measure reproducibly, which has impeded progress in understanding its genetic basis, and the associated anatomical mechanisms that pattern it. Here we used a custom-built dual confocal profilometer device to measure leaf thickness in the Arabidopsis Ler x Cvi recombinant inbred line (RIL) population and found statistical support for four quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with this trait. We used publically available data for a suite of traits relating to flowering time and growth responses to light quality and show that three of the four leaf thickness QTL coincide with QTL for at least one of these traits. Using time course photography, we quantified the relative growth rate and the pace of rosette leaf initiation in the Ler and Cvi ecotypes. We found that Cvi rosettes grow slower than Ler, both in terms of the rate of leaf initiation and the overall rate of biomass accumulation. Collectively, these data suggest that leaf thickness is tightly linked with physiological status and may present a tradeoff between the ability to withstand stress and rapid vegetative growth. To understand the anatomical basis of leaf thickness, we compared cross-sections of Cvi and Ler leaves and show that Cvi palisade mesophyll cells elongate anisotropically contributing to leaf thickness. Flow cytometry of whole leaves show that endopolyploidy accompanies thicker leaves in Cvi. Overall, our data suggest that mechanistically, an altered schedule of cellular events affecting endopolyploidy and increasing palisade mesophyll cell length contribute to increased leaf thickness in Cvi. Ultimately, knowledge of the genetic basis and developmental trajectory leaf thickness is instrumental in building an understanding of the mechanisms by which natural selection produces variation in this adaptive trait.
Coupled Morphological–Hemodynamic Computational Analysis of Type B Aortic Dissection: A Longitudinal Study

Progressive false lumen aneurysmal degeneration in type B aortic dissection (TBAD) is a complex process with a multi-factorial etiology. Patient-specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations provide spatial and temporal hemodynamic quantities that facilitate understanding this disease progression. A longitudinal study was performed for a TBAD patient, who was diagnosed with the uncomplicated TBAD in 2006 and treated with optimal medical therapy but received surgery in 2010 due to late complication. Geometries of the aorta in 2006 and 2010 were reconstructed. With registration algorithms, we accurately quantified the evolution of the false lumen, while with CFD simulations we computed several hemodynamic indexes, including the wall shear stress (WSS), and the relative residence time (RRT). The numerical fluid model included large eddy simulation (LES) modeling for efficiently capturing the flow disturbances induced by the entry tears. In the absence of complete patient-specific data, the boundary conditions were based on a specific calibration method. Correlations between hemodynamics and the evolution field in time obtained by registration of the false lumen are discussed. Further testing of this methodology on a large cohort of patients may enable the use of CFD to predict whether patients, with originally uncomplicated TBAD, develop late complications.
A simulation and experimental study of the failure of an internal digital clock due to ESD and its mitigation

This paper presents the diagnosis and mitigation of ESD failure due to internal digital clocks, in contrast to asynchronous/control signals conventionally. A combined simulation approach with 3D electromagnetic and circuit simulation is developed to capture the coupled ESD waveforms. It is validated with measurement data and good agreement is obtained. A filter comprised of a ferrite bead and shunt capacitor is demonstrated to improve the ESD robustness of a laptop system from 2 KV to 12 KV. This work may be employed to facilitate debugging of ESD issues and to improve ESD robustness.
The Three-Point Problem, Vector Analysis and Extension to the N-Point Problem

The three-point problem is well-known in structural geology and hydrogeology. The solution of this problem is used to find the strike and dip of a planar geologic surface using three measurements o...
Neural Mechanisms of Behavioral Plasticity in an Invertebrate Model System

The relatively recent capacity of neuroscientists to unravel the central neural networks mediating simple behaviors, aptly illustrated in the preceding chapters of this book, has enabled a revolutionary paradigmatic advance in neurobiology. Namely, complex, higher-order behavioral phenomena, many of which previously defied even attempts at precise definition, can now be approached mechanistically in relatively simple and defined neural networks. Such behavioral phenomena include, for example, motivation, drive, mood, choice, attention, and learning, both nonassociative (i.e., habituation, sensitization) and associative (i.e., classical and operant conditioning). Many of these phenomena may be considered forms of behavioral plasticity, i.e., changes in behavior that are acquired because of experience.
Uveal metastases in the mid-southeastern United States: a single-institution experience.

Purpose To report the clinical features of uveal metastases in a geographic region associated with high tobacco use. Methods Medical records from all patients diagnosed with uveal metastasis at a single tertiary referral center between 2000 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical features and the primary tumor site associated with each metastatic lesion were recorded. Results Ninety-nine uveal metastatic tumors were identified in 85 eyes of 74 patients (34 males). Median age at diagnosis was 62 years. Median tumor diameter was 11.6 mm and median height was 3.1 mm. Carcinoma of the lung was the most common primary tumor occurring in 37 patients (50%) followed by breast in 16 patients (21%). Among females, metastatic lesions originated from the lung in 18 patients and from the breast in 16 patients. Median survival following intraocular metastasis was 9 months for patients with a primary lung malignancy and 36 months for patients with breast cancer (log-rank test, P=0.002). Conclusion Intraocular metastasis is more frequently observed in patients with carcinomas of the lung rather than breast at our treatment center. Both regional and global changes in cancer epidemiology most likely account for the findings in this study.
Fetal pulmonary artery acceleration/ejection time prognostic accuracy for respiratory complications in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes.

Objective: To determine the prognostic accuracy of the fetal pulmonary artery acceleration time/ejection time (PATET) for the prediction of neonatal respiratory complications (NRCs) in pregnancies ...
Load Cluster Management Considering Response Uncertainty

The elastic load on demand side can change with the fluctuation electricity price, so it could be modeled as the adjustable load cluster and involved into power dispatching with traditional generation unit, which can improve the flexibility of the power system. Due to the influence of various factors, such as the response to electricity price is not timely, signal transmission delay, the user's habits is difficult to be changed, and the response amount and expected value always exist in a certain range of deviation. In this paper, the value at risk (VaR) is used to measure the risk loss caused by the uncertainty of the load cluster response, then VaR is introduced as a loss measure to participate in the optimization of the power dispatching model and establish a joint scheduling model. Through the actual example analysis, the results show that, due to the risk loss of the adjustable load cluster is considered, the risk loss caused by uncertainty response is reduced. The research has practical application prospect to the implementation of DSM projects.
Challenges in Intelligence Analysis: Lessons from 1300 BCE to the Present

In Challenges in Intelligence Analysis, Timothy Walton offers concrete, reality-based ways to improve intelligence analysis. After a brief introduction to the main concepts of analysis, he provides more than forty historical and contemporary examples that demonstrate what has, and what has not, been effective when grappling with difficult problems. The examples cover a wide span of time, going back 3,000 years. They are also global in scope and deal with a variety of political, military, economic, and social issues. Walton emphasizes the importance of critical and creative thinking and how such thinking can be enhanced. His 2010 book provides a detailed and balanced idea of intelligence work and will be of particular interest to students who are contemplating a career in intelligence analysis.
Massage therapy alone and in combination with meditation for breast cancer patients undergoing autologous tissue reconstruction: A randomized pilot study *

This study explored whether massage combined with meditation is more helpful than massage alone for women recovering from autologous tissue reconstruction after mastectomy for breast cancer. Forty patients were randomly assigned to either massage therapy or massage plus meditation on postoperative days 1 through 3. Outcome measures were 1) visual analog scale (VAS) scores for stress, anxiety, relaxation, insomnia, alertness, fatigue, tension, pain, mood, and energy, and 2) Perceived Stress Scale-14 scores. Nineteen patients in each group finished the study. Preintervention and postintervention mean total VAS scores improved significantly in both groups (P < .001), but no significant difference occurred between groups.
Emotion regulation as a mediator between sleep quality and interpersonal aggression

Abstract Sufficient sleep quality is paramount for physical and mental health, and poor sleep quality effects an individual's aggressive behaviors and ability to properly regulate their emotions. However, little research has examined the relationship between sleep, emotion regulation, and aggressive interpersonal behaviors, such as trait physical aggression, verbal aggression, relationship violence, and sexual assault perpetration. Thus, the present study sought to examine emotion regulation as a mediator between poor sleep quality and these aggressive interpersonal behaviors. To test these relationships, 334 MTurk workers completed questionnaires assessing the aforementioned factors in an online survey. Results showed that emotion regulation partially mediated the relationships between sleep quality and both trait physical aggression and relationship violence perpetration and fully mediated the relationship between sleep quality and verbal aggression for all participants. Additionally, emotion regulation fully mediated the relationship between sleep quality and sexual assault perpetration for male participants. These results suggest that emotion regulation difficulties may indeed be a mechanism through which poor quality sleep leads to aggressive interpersonal behaviors.
Understanding research methods: an overview of the essentials

This is an excellent textbook to teach research methodologies in a graduate-level course. While many statistics books concentrate on the quantitative approach to perform research work, this book eq...
The use of manganese oxide-coated sand for the removal of trace metal ions from stormwater

The large-scale, systematic introduction of urban stormwater into the subsurface could contaminate groundwater with metals including cadmium, copper, lead and zinc. To assess the potential for using manganese oxide-coated sand to remove metal ions during stormwater infiltration, batch and column tests were used to simulate conditions encountered in treatment systems. The geomedia exhibited a relatively high affinity for Zn, Cd and Pb at environmentally relevant conditions in batch tests. In column tests conducted in the absence of natural organic matter (NOM), dissolved Cu and Pb were removed for over 2000 pore volumes, whereas Zn and Cd were removed for several hundred pore volumes. In the presence of NOM, Cu and Pb removal diminished, but the adsorption of Zn and Cd decreased only slightly. Treating manganese oxide-coated sands with pH 3 hydrochloric acid after column tests recovered over 90% of the adsorbed Cd, Cu and Zn. It also restored the adsorptive capacity of the geomedia with minimal loss of the surface coating. Neither acids nor organic ligands removed significant amounts of adsorbed Pb from the geomedia. The results of this study imply that manganese oxide-coated sand can remove metal ions from stormwater, and that saturated geomedia can be regenerated with a mild acid solution.
Developing Standardized SIMD API Between Intel and ARM NEON

Single Input Multiple Data (SIMD) provides data parallelism execution via implemented SIMD instructions and registers. Intel's SSE Family Instructions are relatively well understood among C/C++ programmers hence implementing SIMD enhances software library. However, the barriers to entry Programming for ARM NEON has been made difficult to many programmers who only understand the Intel SSE family of compiler intrinsic. Since ARM does not share a common API to target. The cost of development is compounded since ARM compiler intrinsic and Intel Compiler Intrinsic incomparable forcing multi-platform optimizations to be have to be developed separately. Though the creation of an Open Source implementation of Intel's SSE Family API using ARM NEON compiler intrinsic developers will be able to cut costs and increase software stability though the use of a single standardized API.
Radiologic Assessment of the Sinonasal Tract, Nasopharynx and Mastoid Cavity in Patients with SARS-Cov-2 Infection Presenting with Acute Neurological Symptoms.

Background:Acute neurological sequela in patients with COVID-19 infection include acute thromboembolic infarcts related to cytokine storm and post infectious immune activation resulting in a prothr...
Modal Actuation and Sensing With an Active AFM Cantilever

Modal actuation and sensing are implemented on a microfabricated AFM cantilever with a two-layer piezoelectric stack transducer. The top transducer is shaped as the second derivative of the first mode shape. The bottom transducer is uniformly distributed along the cantilever length. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate that modal actuation and sensing can be used to eliminate other resonances from frequency response function of the active cantilever, except the first mode. First-order mathematical formulations are presented to model transverse vibrations of the cantilevers under this study. Microfabrication steps and characterization of these cantilevers are reported. Their respective actuation and sensing gains are determined for comparison with conventional active cantilevers. Electromechanical coupling coefficients are also calculated to exhibit reciprocity of modal actuation and sensing in eliminating higher modes from the frequency response. The advantages of modal actuation and sensing in avoiding instabilities in feedback controlled AFM active cantilevers are also demonstrated.
Convalescence in the Nineteenth-Century Novel: The Afterlife of Victorian Illness

Victorian Britain witnessed a resurgence of traditional convalescent caregiving. In the face of a hectic modern existence, nineteenth-century thinkers argued that all medical patients desperately required a lengthy, meandering period of recovery. Various reformers worked to extend the benefits of holistic recuperative care to seemingly unlikely groups: working-class hospital patients, insane asylum inmates, even low-ranking soldiers across the British Empire. Hosanna Krienke offers the first sustained scholarly assessment of nineteenth-century convalescent culture, revealing how interpersonal post-acute care was touted as a critical supplement to modern scientific medicine. As a method of caregiving intended to alleviate both physical and social ills, convalescence united patients of disparate social classes, disease categories, and degrees of impairment. Ultimately, this study demonstrates how novels from Bleak House to The Secret Garden draw on the unhurried timescale of convalescence as an ethical paradigm, training readers to value unfolding narratives apart from their ultimate resolutions.
Ureteral metastasis from locally invasive, castrate-resistant prostate cancer: A Case report.

Abstract Within the text we describe a 66-year-old male with a history of prostate cancer (PCa), incidentally found to have left-sided hydronephrosis and a left ureteral lesion. Ureteroscopy was employed to visualize the lesion, a biopsy was taken, and a double J stent was placed. The lesion was of prostatic origin and the patient was subsequently started on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). 6 months following the procedure, the patient's PSA had decreased and his hydronephrosis had resolved. We are the first to report treating a ureteral metastasis from PCa and its associated hydronephrosis solely with ADT and double J stenting, respectively.
Chronic infusions of mecamylamine into the medial habenula: Effects on nicotine self-administration in rats.

Abstract The habenula is an epithalamic structure through which descending connections go from the telencephalon to the brainstem , putting it in a key location to provide feedback control over the ascending projections from the brainstem to the telencephalon. The medial habenula has a high concentration of nicotinic receptors . We assessed the role of medial habenular nicotinic receptors for nicotine self-administration (SA) in female young adult Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats had bilateral chronic infusion cannulae placed into the medial habenula nucleus. Each cannula was connected to a slow delivery osmotic minipump to chronically infuse mecamylamine (100 µg/side/day) or vehicle for four consecutive weeks. The rats were tested for nicotine SA for the first two weeks of mecamylamine infusion. Then, they had one week of enforced abstinence, during which they had no access to the nicotine SA. Finally, they had one week of resumed nicotine SA access. There was a significantly differential mecamylamine effects in animals with lower and higher pretreatment baseline nicotine SA. Rats with lower baseline nicotine SA levels showed a nearly significant mecamylamine-induced reduction in SA while those with higher baseline levels of SA showed a significant mecamylamine-induced increase in nicotine SA. This study determined that medial habenular nicotinic receptors are important for nicotine reinforcement. Baseline level of performance makes a crucial difference for the involvement of habenular mechanisms in nicotine reinforcement with nicotinic activation being important for maintaining nicotine self-administration for those with lower levels of baseline self-administration and the opposite effect with subjects with higher levels of baseline self-administration.
Maternal and pre eclosional factors affecting alarm behaviour in adult honey bees ( Apis mellifera L.)

The inheritance of a group character, the alarm behaviour of honey bee workers (Apis mellifera L.), was analyzed using a metabolic bio-assay. In a diallel test cross of preselected queens and drones, genetic variance and maternal effects on this behaviour were estimated. Crossfostering experiments showed that the hive environment during larval and pupal development has only minor effects on alarm behaviour.
What Lies Ahead

After our tour of the universe of radio astronomy, what lies ahead? Will the radio astronomer’s use of the electromagnetic spectrum survive the inroads from commercial enterprises, which place dollar values on that same spectrum. And will we still be open to unexpected discoveries in an era where all our observations are being driven by careful planned computers programs to search for what we expect to find? Meanwhile, human curiosity drives us to search ever deeper into space so that we can better understand what those miniscule radio whispers from way out there are telling us.
Language barriers in the delivery of police services: A study of police and Hispanic interactions in a midwestern city

Abstract Interactions between police and Hispanic citizens have been neglected in research on American policing. The impact of Spanish language barriers has also been neglected. This exploratory study examined the effect of language barriers on the delivery of police services through direct observation of police patrol and the police 911 communications center in a midwestern city. Language barrier problems were measured in terms of delay, frustration, and conflict in police–citizen interactions. This study found that language barriers were not a major factor in the delivery of police services. Potential language barrier incidents were relatively few in number, and involved mainly officer frustration and few conflict situations.
The Antidemocratic Character of Judicial Review

When the Supreme Court declared that institutionalized prayer in a public school violates the establishment clause,' that the failure to apportion either house of a state legislature on a popular basis contravenes the equal protection clause,2 and that the refusal to supply counsel during preindictment custodial questioning violates the self-incrimination clause,3 it placed itself at the center of political controversy. Because the Court has the enormous power of judicial review, it is drawn into what would be wholly political matters in most other countries.4 It is therefore a natural target of groups who find themselves affected by its decisions. In this political role, the Court has been more vulnerable to the onslaught of affected groups than other officials, because its members are appointed for life tenure. This would not be of great concern if the judiciary exercised little or no discretion in arriving at decisions, and the process were as simple as Justice Roberts declared in United States v. Butler:5