cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey scores for required reading versus leisure reading in school-age children.

Purpose To compare Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey scores for required reading for school versus scores for leisure reading. Methods At a single private practice, we surveyed 100 children with normal binocular vision using modified survey questions specifying either required reading or leisure reading as the near visual activity. Average total symptom scores and subscores for questions about discomfort, fatigue, impaired vision, and cognitive performance were analyzed using t tests; responses to individual questions were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U tests. Results The average score for the required reading survey was significantly higher than for the leisure reading survey (14.4 ± 9.1 vs 9.8 ± 6.9 [ P = 0.005]). Significantly higher symptom scores were recorded for 7 of 15 questions and 3 of 4 subscores (discomfort, fatigue, and impaired vision) for the required reading survey, whereas scores for the leisure reading survey highly correlated ( R 2 = 0.95) with each child's self-reported reading speed. Conclusions Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey scores vary greatly depending on the type of near activity being surveyed and thus do not accurately isolate and reflect near visual ability. Beginning each survey with the question about self-rated reading speed could eliminate the need for additional questions if a child self-rates his or her reading speed as average or better. Because of the influence of the type of near visual activity on symptoms, survey questions should explicitly specify the near visual activity to prevent a child's interpretation of the question's intent from affecting the symptom score.
Abstract 11390: The Personal and Family History Questions in the AHA Cardiovascular Screen for Athletes and the Screening ECG

Background: The American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines regarding the preparticipation evaluation (PPE) of competitive athletes recommend screening with 12-elements which consists of 8 question...
Graves' hyperthyroidism in pregnancy: a clinical review.

Graves’ hyperthyroidism affects 0.2% of pregnant women. Establishing the correct diagnosis and effectively managing Graves’ hyperthyroidism in pregnancy remains a challenge for physicians. The goal of this paper is to review the diagnosis and management of Graves’ hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. The paper will discuss preconception counseling, etiologies of hyperthyroidism, thyroid function testing, pregnancy-related complications, maternal management, including thyroid storm, anti-thyroid drugs and the complications for mother and fetus, fetal and neonatal thyroid function, neonatal management, and maternal post-partum management. Establishing the diagnosis of Graves’ hyperthyroidism early, maintaining euthyroidism, and achieving a serum total T4 in the upper limit of normal throughout pregnancy is key to reducing the risk of maternal, fetal, and newborn complications. The key to a successful pregnancy begins with preconception counseling.
Convexity of Chebyshev Sets

In Theorem 3.5 we saw that every closed convex subset of a Hilbert space is a Chebyshev set. In this chapter we will study the converse problem of whether or not every Chebyshev subset of a Hilbert space must be convex.
Implementation of an intensity interferometry system on the StarBase observatory

A modern implementation of a stellar intensity interferometry (SII) system on an array of large optical telescopes would be a highly valuable complement to the current generation of optical amplitude interferometers. The SII technique allows for observations at short optical wavelengths (U/B/V bands) with potentially dense (u,v) plane coverage. We describe a complete SII system that is used to measure the spatial coherence of a laboratory source which exhibits signal to noise ratios comparable to actual stellar sources. A novel analysis method, based on the correlation measurements between orthogonal polarization states, was developed to remove unwanted effects of spurious correlations. Our system is currently being tested in night sky observations at the StarBase Observatory (Grantsville, Utah) and will soon be ported to the VERITAS (Amado, AZ) telescopes. The system can readily be integrated with current optical telescopes at minimal cost. The work here serves as a technological pathfinder for implementing SII on the future Cherenkov Telescope Array.
Correction: Global deletion of optineurin results in altered type I IFN signaling and abnormal bone remodeling in a model of Paget's disease

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified Optineurin (OPTN) as genetically linked to Paget's disease of the bone (PDB), a chronic debilitating bone remodeling disorder characterized by localized areas of increased bone resorption and abnormal bone remodeling. However, only ~10% of mouse models with a mutation in Optn develop PDB, thus hindering the mechanistic understanding of the OPTN-PDB axis. Here, we reveal that 100% of aged Optn global knockout (Optn-/-) mice recapitulate the key clinical features observed in PDB patients, including polyostotic osteolytic lesions, mixed-phase lesions, and increased serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Differentiation of primary osteoclasts ex vivo revealed that the absence of Optn resulted in an increased osteoclastogenesis. Mechanistically, Optn-deficient osteoclasts displayed a significantly decreased type I interferon (IFN) signature, resulting from both defective production of IFNβ and impaired signaling via the IFNα/βR, which acts as a negative feedback loop for osteoclastogenesis and survival. These data highlight the dual roles of OPTN in the type I IFN response to restrain osteoclast activation and bone resorption, offering a novel therapeutic target for PDB. Therefore, our study describes a novel and essential mouse model for PDB and define a key role for OPTN in osteoclast differentiation.
Exploring Mechanisms of Narrative Persuasion in a News Context: The Role of Narrative Structure, Perceived Similarity, Stigma, and Affect in Changing Attitudes

Two exploratory studies demonstrate, for the first time, that narrative persuasion can diminish the stigma attached to social groups featured in journalistic narratives. Study 1 shows narrative format improves stigma toward Syrian refugees indirectly through narrative engagement, perceived similarity, and meaningful affect. Decreases in stigma also improved attitudes toward refugees. Study 2 replicates these findings against a separate participant pool, an additional story topic, and compares changes in engagement, stigma, and attitude to a non-narrative fact sheet and a control condition. A preregistered third study seeks to validate the finding that narratives can elicit destigmatization and disentangle the roles of story exemplars from story structure.
Introduction: Mastering the Skills You Need to Be a Successful Environmental Professional

While much of the preparation for an environmental career involves gaining knowledge and understanding of the key concepts and information associated with a given discipline, a successful environmental professional should also be trained in critical skills, techniques, and frameworks commonly used in environmental fields. This chapter outlines the Learning Outcomes approach employed by this text as well as the personal traits common to successful environmental professionals.
Merkel Cell Carcinoma Clinically Mimicking a Traumatic Suture Scar in the Nasal Vestibule: Earlier Diagnosis for Better Prognosis.

Background Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive form of skin cancer that is often found in sun-exposed regions of the skin in older or immunocompromised individuals. To date there have only been four cases reported of MCC found in the nasal vestibule. Case report We document an unusual case of MCC in the nasal vestibule of a 66-year-old female which was clinically believed to be an inflammatory reaction to a previous suture scar. The patient also had a history of dermatitis treated with UV light. The lesion was less than 5 mm in the greatest dimension and biopsied. There was small blue cell infiltrate in the dermis and the tumor cells were positive for synaptophysin, chromogranin and cytokeratin 20. They were negative for S100 proteins, melan A, human melanoma black 45 (HMB45) and lymphocyte common antigen CD45. For Ki-67, staining was positive in 90% of the tumor cells and tumor protein 53 immunoreactivity showed a wild type staining pattern. The pathological diagnosis was MCC and the patient underwent Mohs surgery with no tumor recurrence or metastasis identified at 2.5 years of follow-up. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, cases of MCC arising in the nasal vestibule with clinical features mimicking a suture scar have not been reported. The importance of early diagnosis and treatment of MCC to improve patient prognosis are discussed.
Composition of Things in the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things is turning into an explosive topic in today's technology world. Smart Things are becoming more prevalent in both business and personal use. A large number of IoT platforms have been introduced in the last few years. The major issue with available Internet of Things platforms, that support the communication between Things and their owners, is that they view Things as private property. Only the Thing owner can communicate with the Thing to obtain the service or functionality that is provided by the Thing. But this view is short sighted. A Thing should be viewed as a service or a functionality provider. Our research is concerned with introducing an architecture that supports the publication and discovery of Things in the Internet of Things. This architecture enables Thing owners to publish Thing specification and Thing requesters to find Things that best matches their needs. This paper is concerned with the composition of Things defined using our new architecture.
How Do You Spell Relief

Case Report An 11 year old pre-menarchal girl with recent diagnosis of functional constipation presented to the ER with worsening abdominal pain and acute urinary retention. She had no medical problems until 3 months prior to presentation when she initially developed abdominal pain and was hospitalized with diagnosis of acute viral gastroenteritis and dehydration. Pt had total of 5 ER visits and 2 hospitalizations. In addition to her intermittent lower abdominal pain, she developed symptoms of dysuria, urinary hesitancy, and decreased stool frequency. Urinalysis (x4) results were …
MM-wave dielectric ring resonators

Ring resonators fabricated by filling a rectangular cross-section groove in a polypropylene substrate with a dielectric powder exhibit Q's as high as 2400 at 94 GHz in an 8 cm diameter ring. Directional coupling from adjacent straight dielectric guides was used to form a transmission filter. Previously, we demonstrated a mm-wave dielectric channel waveguide with .09 dB/cm loss (Refs. 1,2) consisting of a rectangular groove in the surface of a plastic substrate filled with a low-loss, high dielectric constant powder. Here we describe mm-wave ring resonators made from powder-core dielectric channel waveguide.
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF HYPERTHERMIA DURING ANESTHESIA AND CLINICAL IMPORT

SUMMARY Unexplained significant intraoperative hyperthermia can be caused by a variety of diverse conditions. Some of these, such as pheochromocytoma, sepsis, thyrotoxicosis, and hypermetabolism associated with osteogenesis imperfecta, may closely mimic MH. Determination of the etiology is important in determining appropriate management of the patient as well as family counseling and subsequent evaluation. Other causes of hyperthermia in the operating room include central nervous system dysfunction, blood transfusion reactions, iatrogenic overheating, and genetic conditions associated with abnormal thermoregulatory control. Core temperature monitoring is an important feature of safe anesthetic management. Understanding of the non-MH causes of intraoperative hyperthermia will aid the anesthesiologist in managing this infrequent but worrisome event.
The Relation Between a Systematic Analysis of Spelling and Orthographic and Phonological Awareness Skills in First-Grade Children.

Purpose As an initial step in determining whether a spelling error analysis might be useful in measuring children's linguistic knowledge, the relation between the frequency of types of scores from ...
Green Technologies and the Mobility Industry

There are 20 SAE technical papers featured in this book. The papers, originally published in 2009 and 2010, show how the mobility industry is developing greener products and being responsive to new standards and legal requirements. The papers cover a wide range of subjects including powertrain electrification, alternate fuels, emission standards and remediation strategies, nanotechnology, sustainability, in-vehicle networking, and how various countries are handling the "green challenge".
That we may know the heart and what it feels:love in James Joyce's Ulysses

Understanding Molly as primarily a materialist, though, implies that she has some inclinations to beliefs in the nonmaterial. Molly's marginal desire for nonmaterial realities, then, sets her off from extreme materialists such as Boylan and Mulligan, thus indicating a desire for union with the nonmaterial world that involves love. As mentioned before, she hardly finds Boylan's disapproval of the soul's existence credible. Andsheevenhas an abstract understanding of love as a typeof sacrifice, a way through which a non-materialist may argue that love enters the world: • [I]t must be real love if a man gives up his life for her that way for nothing I suppose there are a few men like that left its hard to believe in it though unless it really happened tome themajority of them with nota particle of love in theirnatures to find twopeople like that nowadays full up of each other. (U 18.1056-1060)
Tolosa-Hunt syndrome with facial nerve involvement (P1.298)

BACKGROUND: THS is a rare idiopathic non-specific inflammatory neurological disorder occurred in cavernous sinus and/or supraorbital fissure. Clinically, THS manifested headache and painful ophthalmoplagia with one or more ipsilateral cranial nerve involvement such as oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, and superior and/or maxillary divisions of the trigeminal. However, the facial nerve involvement was not included in the revised 2013 diagnostic criteria. CASE REPORT: A 27 years old previously healthy woman presented with 10 days of persistent right sided headache and retro-orbital pain. She complained of right face and forehead numbness as well as loss of sensation in the right side of her nose. She also had nausea, vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia and blurry vision, which did not respond to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug treatment. She had no weakness or numbness in her limbs. On examination she had right eye ptosis, impaired abduction of right eye, decreased sensation to light touch on right forehead and right middle face, right nasolabial fold depression and decreased right frontal wrinkles which were indicative of ipsilateral oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, superior and maxillary divisions of the trigeminal and facial involvement. Laboratory findings showed increased levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (49 mm/hour, normal: 0-20) and C-reactive protein (4.2 mg/dl, normal 0-3), but all others were normal including cerebrospinal fluid studies. Brain MRI disclosed an enhanced lesion in the right cavernous sinus. Biopsy was not performed. Administration of corticosteroid resulted in rapid symptom relief. A follow-up brain MRI in 2-months demonstrated significantly reducing inflammation in the right cavernous sinus. Her clinical presentation, laboratory and neuroimaging findings and exquisite responses to treatment are consistent with diagnosis of THS. CONCLUSION: THS may affect a cranial nerve beyond cavernous sinus in location, which may result from an expanded, rather than localized, inflammation. Disclosure: Dr. Pirastehfar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Luo has nothing to disclose.
A Practical Approach to Pediatric Patients Referred With an Abnormal Coagulation Profile

Abstract Context.—Workup for prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is a frequent referral to a Hematology and Coagulation Laboratory. Although the workup should be performed in a timely and cost-effective manner, the complete laboratory assessment of the coagulation state has not been standardized. Objective.—To determine which clinical and laboratory data are most predictive of a coagulopathy and to formulate the most efficient strategy to reach a diagnosis in patients referred for abnormal coagulation profiles. Design.—Retrospective case review. Medical records of 251 patients referred for prolonged PT and/or PTT to our Hematology Service between June 1995 and December 2002 were reviewed. Results.—The study included 135 males and 116 females with a mean age of 7.0 years. A personal history of bleeding was reported in 137 patients, and a family history of bleeding was reported in 116 patients. Fifty-one patients (20%) had a coagulopathy (ie, a bleeding risk). Fac...
Abstract P092: Debunking the Myth of the “Jolly Fat and Fit”: A Longitudinal Cohort Analysis

Background: Positive emotional health has been shown to be protective against coronary artery disease, putatively through pro-health behaviors including exercise and fitness. It has been suggested that this positive emotion trait is prevalent among obese persons (“jolly fat” hypothesis) implying that it may lead to fitness even with higher BMI. We thus examined the longitudinal associations among fatness, fitness and positive emotion using structural equation modeling (SEM). Methods: We examined GeneSTAR (Genetic Study of Atherosclerosis Risk) cohort data (N = 947, 57% women, 50% African American, baseline age 47 ± 7 years, follow-up measures 7 ± 2 years). We fit SEMs to determine the temporal associations between fatness (BMI), fitness (METs achieved on a treadmill test) and positive emotion (General Well Being Schedule, GWBS) adjusting for age, sex, race and follow-up time. Results: The cross-sectional correlations were significant in SEM (BMI-METs -0.42, GWBS-MET -0.14, BMI-GWBS -0.15; all p<0.001). Si...
Nonsimilar flows between the solution branches of the Falkner-Skan equation.

Investigation of the nonsimilar flows which in the course of their development in two considered branches of the Falkner-Skan equation show pressure gradient parameter variations that span the range of parameter values, or 'window,' in which no similar solutions have been shown to exist by Libby and Liu (1967). The investigation results obtained are shown to support Chen and Libby's (1968) considerations on the spatial stability of some solutions of the Falkner-Skan equation.
Assessing the resolution-dependent utility of tomograms for geostatistics

[1] Geophysical tomograms are used increasingly as auxiliary data for geostatistical modeling of aquifer and reservoir properties. The correlation between tomographic estimates and hydrogeologic properties is commonly based on laboratory measurements, co-located measurements at boreholes, or petrophysical models. The inferred correlation is assumed uniform throughout the interwell region; however, tomographic resolution varies spatially due to acquisition geometry, regularization, data error, and the physics underlying the geophysical measurements. Blurring and inversion artifacts are expected in regions traversed by few or only low-angle raypaths. In the context of radar traveltime tomography, we derive analytical models for (1) the variance of tomographic estimates, (2) the spatially variable correlation with a hydrologic parameter of interest, and (3) the spatial covariance of tomographic estimates. Synthetic examples demonstrate that tomograms of qualitative value may have limited utility for geostatistics; moreover, the imprint of regularization may preclude inference of meaningful spatial statistics from tomograms.
Soft-Talk Management Cash Flow Forecasts: Verifiability, Credibility and Stock Price Effects

We exploit a novel feature of management cash flow forecasts to investigate how managers' discretion over forecast verifiability affects the credibility and stock price effects of such forecasts. Many management cash flow forecasts are issued with an equivocal definition of the cash flow number being forecasted. We refer to such forecasts as "soft-talk" cash flow forecasts, and expect that due to their lower ex-post verifiability, they will have lower credibility and hence a smaller effect on stock prices when compared to unequivocal management cash flow forecasts. Our findings suggest that "soft-talk" is associated with an optimistic bias in management cash flow forecasts. Furthermore, managers' decision to issue "soft-talk" cash flow forecasts is related to economic factors including litigation risk, financial distress, actual cash flow performance, analyst following and the issuance of prior cash flow forecasts. While we find that management cash flow forecasts in general affect stock prices, consistent with the low verifiability of and optimistic bias in "soft-talk" cash flow forecasts, investors do not find good news "soft-talk" management cash flow forecasts credible. Finally, we examine the interaction between management earnings and cash flow forecasts and document that they serve to enhance the credibility in each other by reducing optimistic forecast bias. We also find that the bias in both types of forecasts is related and that the relation is a function of forecast difficulty.
Single DNA molecules as probes of chromatographic surfaces.

YOYO-I-labeled λ-DNA was employed as a nanoprobe for different functionalized surfaces to elucidate adsorption in chromatography. While the negatively charged backbone is not adsorbed, the 12-base unpaired ends of this DNA provide exposed purine and pyrimidine groups for adsorption. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) formed on gold substrate provide a wide range of choices of surface with well-defined and well-organized functional groups. Patterns of amino-terminated, carboxylic acid-terminated, and hydroxyl-terminated SAMs are generated by lithography. Patterns of metal oxides are generated spontaneously after deposition of metals. By recording the real-time dynamic motion of DNA molecules at the SAMs/aqueous interface, one can study the various parameters governing the retentivity of an analyte during chromatographic separation. Even subtle differences among adsorptive forces can be revealed.
The genetics of dopa decarboxylase in Drosophila melanogaster. III. Effects of a temperature sensitive dopa decarboxylase deficient mutation on female fertility

The mutation Ddcts1 effects female sterility when homozygous, hemizygous, or heterozygous over a series of Ddc null alleles (Ddcx) indicating that some aspect of Ddc gene function is necessary for female fertility. Ovary transplant experiments demonstrate that the female sterility phenotype is ovary autonomous. Two to 3% of the total DDC activity measurable in newly hatched females is localized in their previtellogenic ovaries. The degree to which females heterozygous for Ddcts1 over different Ddc null alleles are fertile at 22°C reflects a continuous spectrum of allelic complementation similar to that observed for the effects of these genotypes on viability at 30°C. Fertility of all the Ddcts1/Ddcx females tested is significantly depressed at 30 vis-a-vis 22°C providing evidence that it is the DDC enzyme activity itself which is required for female fertility. Ddcts1/Ddcts1 homozygous and Ddcts1/Df hemizygous females are nonconditionally, completely sterile at 18, 20, 22, 25, and 30°C. Although all homo- and hemizygous females do lay some eggs, no evidence of embryogenesis or fertilization has ever been detected. The absolute, nonconditional sterility of Ddcts1 homo- and hemizygous females stands in stark contrast to the conventional temperature dependent effects of these same genotypes on viability and to the temperature sensitive effects of Ddcts1/Ddcx heterozygous females on both fertility and viability. Reasons for these tissue-specific and genotypic differences are discussed.
Diffusion-induced morphogenesis in the development of Dictyostelium

Abstract A reaction-diffusion model for the regulation of cAMP in Dictyostelium discoideum is analyzed. As a parameter declines with starvation, the model sequentially yields pulse relaying, spiral waves, target patterns, streaming and sorting, directed locomotion, and tissue buckling, closely matching the observed morphogenetic sequence. These morphologies appear through successive bifurcations of a single reaction-diffusion system and do not require the expression of new genetic information.
Percutaneous nephrostomy in gynecologic oncology

Percutaneous nephrostomy is a useful method of supravesical diversion when ureteral obstruction occurs at initial diagnosis of gynecologic cancer or recurrence of disease. Although survival is prolonged, the attendant quality of life would indicate that percutaneous nephrostomy should be performed only in those cases in which there is a reasonable chance for palliation or a hope for cure or when temporization is needed to define adequately the etiology of ureteral obstruction following therapy.
Compatibility of grain-stabilized platinum with candidate propellants for resistojets

Resistojets are candidates for space station auxiliary propulsion, and should be characterized by both long life and multipropellant operations, requirements limited by available materials. Grain stabilized platinum is examined for use as a resistojet thruster material. Use of platinum in other applications indicates it can be used at moderately high temperatures for extended periods of time. Past results indicate that grain-stabilized platinum should be sufficiently inert in candidate propellant environments. Therefore, compatibility of platinum-yttria (P/Y2O3) and platinum-zirconia (Pt/ZrO2) with carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen and ammonia is examined. A series of 1000 hr tests in CO2, H2, and NH3 is conducted at 1400 C and a series of 1000 hr tests in CH4 is conducted at about 500 C. Scanning electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and depth profiling analysis are then used to determine the effects of propellants on the material surface, to evaluate possible material contamination and to evaluate grain growth. The results indicate that there is carbon deposition on the surface of the Pt/Y2O3 and Pt/ZrO2 in both the CO2 and CH4 environments. In the H2 environment, the Pt/Y2O3 and Pt/ZrO2 specimen surfaces are roughened. After exposure to the NH3 environment, the Pt/Y2O3 and Pt/ZrO2 are roughened and pitted over the entire heated area with some pitted areas along the grain boundaries. SEM photos show grain growth in cross-sectional views of all the Pt/Y2O3 samples and the Pt/ZrO2 samples, except that tested in methane. Mass loss measurements indicate that Pt/Y2O3 and Pt/ZrO2 would last in excess of 200,000 hr in each propellant environment. However, in NH3 both Pt/Y2O3 and Pt/ZrO2 are severely pitted, with voids up to 50 percent into the material. Pt/Y2O3 and Pt/ZrO2 are not recommended for high temperature service in NH3.
Conservation of highly fragmented systems: The north temperate Alexander Archipelago

The Alexander Archipelago of Southeast Alaska encompasses over 2000 named islands that extend along 600 km of the North Pacific Coast. This review summarizes recent research on mammals of this largely unexplored region. Field inventories followed by preliminary molecular genetic analyses of selected mammals demonstrate substantial spatial structure consistent with both the dynamic geologic history of this boreal region and the highly insular landscape. New views of taxonomic diversity, biogeographic history, and contemporary population connectivity lay a framework for managing and conserving this complex biome. First, repeated Pleistocene glacial advances along the coast fragmented species, leaving clear genetic signatures and a strongly diversified fauna. Organisms recolonized the coast following deglaciation from multiple northern (Beringia), southern (West Coast and Continental) or North Pacific Coastal refugia. Several species are composed of multiple, genetically distinctive lineages (in some cases, incipient or new species) due to independent colonization histories from distinct, divergent source populations. Second, the insular landscape of the Alexander Archipelago has produced highly endemic populations. These centers of endemism should be thoughtfully managed as hotspots of lineage diversity. Until a better understanding of connectivity among these divergent populations is developed, each island should be considered an independent biological unit. Finally, industrial logging, mining, human encroachment, tourism, wildlife consumption, and invasive species should be stringently monitored and regulated with respect to impact on island endemics and ecosystems. A new conservation paradigm for the Tongass National Forest should be developed that is built around the recognition of the complexity of this incomparable island archipelago of the North Pacific. In particular, recognition of high diversity and endemism should be central to management plans.
Central limit theorems under alternatives for a broad class of nonparametric statistics

Abstract Asymptotic normality, under the assumption that underlying distributions are only independent, is established for a class of nonparametric statistics which includes as special cases unsigned linear rank statistics, signed rank statistics, linear combination of functions of order statistics, and linear functions of concomitants of order statistics. The results obtained unify as well as extend a number of known results.
1180 OXYGEN TOXICITY IN NEONATAL AND ADULT ANIMALS OF VARIOUS SPECIES

Immature animals have been considered to be more resistant to O2 lung toxicity than adults. A biochemical explanation for exceptions to this generalization was the basis for this study. Neonatal and adult animals of 5 species were exposed to 95+% O2 for 24 hrs and their lungs analyzed for changes in antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), glutathione peroxidase(GP)). Animals were also continuously exposed to 95+% O2 to determine survival times. The results follow: (NC=no change;=significantly increased vs. air control,p<.05) Neonatal rats,mice, and rabbits exhibit relative tolerance to O2 lung toxicity(based on survival and lung histology) compared to the respective adults. These neonates also demonstrate rapid increases in lung antioxidant enzymes, whereas the O2-susceptible adults lack this protective response. No lung enzyme response to O2 challenge and equal susceptibility to hyperoxia was observed in neonatal and adult guinea pigs and hamsters. The findings support a lung biochemical basis for the resistance of neonatal animals of certain species to O2 lung injury. (NIH #GM 12675).
The personality assessment system: A radical hypothesis

Abstract Two stories are presented. The first story is about a clinical practitioner developing an assessment method beginning with a connection of test “signs” with behavior, and proceeding to a system that could mystify observers. The second story is about the application of scientific methods to explain how the system could work. Together the stories are an example of practice informing science, and science informing practice. The basic hypothesis used is that much of what we call personality is “caused” by differential aptitudes as modified by long-term learning. It is also assumed that people would prefer to use those aptitudes they feel are their better ones and avoid those in which they feel weaker.
Synthesis and characterization of Fe-based amorphous composite by laser direct deposition

Abstract Fe-based metallic glasses can be potential structural materials owing to their combined superior strength, excellent corrosion and wear resistance properties. In this study, synthesis of Fe–Cr–Mo–W–Mn–C–Si–B metallic glass composite with a large fraction of amorphous phase is accomplished using laser direct deposition. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy investigations reveal the existence of amorphous structure. Microstructure analyses by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicate the periodically repeated microstructures of amorphous and crystalline phases. Partially crystallized structure brought by laser reheating and remelting during subsequent laser scans aggregated in the overlapping area between each scan. XRD analysis showed that the crystalline particle embedded in the amorphous matrix was Cr1.07Fe18.93 phase. The periodically repeated amorphous/crystalline composite microstructure remained the same from the first to the last layer. Microhardness of the amorphous phase (HV0.2 1591) showed a much higher value than that of the crystalline phase (HV0.2 947). Similar values of wall macrohardness and phase microhardnesses indicated that the amorphous phase is the main contributor to the average hardness of laser deposited metallic glass. Wear resistance property of deposited layers showed a significant improvement with the increased fraction of amorphous phase.
One Turn Vertical Extraction from the Zero Gradient Synchrotron (ZGS)

The transmission line system described above will be capable of extracting the beam from the ZGS in one turn. The beam will be exiting in the vertical direction, which will be compatible with injection into the SSR. The bunch dimensions and phase space parameters are matched between the two machines so that very nearly 100% transfer is expected.
Validation of a method to measure resident doctors’ reflections on quality improvement

Medical Education 2010:44: 248–255 Objectives Resident reflection on the clinical learning environment is prerequisite to identifying quality improvement (QI) opportunities and demonstrating competence in practice-based learning. However, residents’ abilities to reflect on QI opportunities are unknown. Therefore, we developed and determined the validity of the Mayo Evaluation of Reflection on Improvement Tool (MERIT) for assessing resident reflection on QI opportunities. Methods The content of MERIT, which consists of 18 items structured on 4-point scales, was based on existing literature and input from national experts. Using MERIT, six faculty members rated 50 resident reflections. Factor analysis was used to examine the dimensionality of MERIT instrument scores. Inter-rater and internal consistency reliabilities were calculated. Results Factor analysis revealed three factors (eigenvalue; number of items): Reflection on Personal Characteristics of QI (8.5; 7); Reflection on System Characteristics of QI (1.9; 6), and Problem of Merit (1.5; 5). Inter-rater reliability was very good (intraclass correlation coefficient range: 0.73–0.89). Internal consistency reliability was excellent (Cronbach’s α 0.93 overall and 0.83–0.91 for factors). Item mean scores were highest for Problem of Merit (3.29) and lowest for Reflection on System Characteristics of QI (1.99). Conclusions Validity evidence supports MERIT as a meaningful measure of resident reflection on QI opportunities. Our findings suggest that dimensions of resident reflection on QI opportunities may include personal, system and Problem of Merit factors. Additionally, residents may be more effective at reflecting on ‘problems of merit’ than personal and systems factors.
Improving energy efficiency The effectiveness of government action

Abstract Energy conservation involves the substitution of intelligence, prudence, maintenance, and better equipment for scarce, insecure, and costly energy. These substitutions improve efficiency of energy use and thereby enhance economic productivity. The benefits of conservation are clear, but the proper role for government is hotly debated. Although the normal workings of the market system are doing much to stimulate cost-effective conservation actions, several barriers to conservation still exist. Government programmes are needed to help overcome these barriers. Present US Department of Energy conservation programmes could reduce annual energy use by 2.7 quads in 1985 and by 13 quads in 2000. The present worth of the estimated cumulative oil saving over 20 years is $50 billion, in addition to the savings realized by energy consumers themselves.
Optical engineering capstone design projects with industry sponsors

Capstone senior design is the culmination of a student’s undergraduate engineering education that prepares them for engineering practice. In fact, any engineering degree program that pursues accreditation by the Engineering Accreditation Commission of ABET must contain “a major design experience based on the knowledge and skills acquired in earlier course work and incorporating appropriate engineering standards and multiple realistic constraints.” At Rose-Hulman, we offer an interdisciplinary Optical Engineering / Engineering Physics senior design curriculum that meets this requirement. Part of this curriculum is a two-course sequence where students work in teams on a design project leading to a functional prototype. The students begin work on their capstone project during the first week of their senior year. The courses are deliverable-driven and the students are held accountable for regular technical progress through weekly updates with their faculty advisor and mid-term design reviews. We have found that client-sponsored projects offer students an enriched engineering design experience as it ensures consideration of constraints and standards requirements similar to those that they will encounter as working engineers. Further, client-sponsored projects provide teams with an opportunity for regular customer interactions which help shape the product design. The process that we follow in both soliciting and helping to scope appropriate industry-related design projects will be described. In addition, an outline of the capstone course structure as well as methods used to hold teams accountable for technical milestones will be discussed. Illustrative examples of past projects will be provided.
Polyhedra scanning revisited

This paper presents a new polyhedra scanning system called CodeGen+ to address the challenge of generating high-performance code for complex iteration spaces resulting from compiler optimization and autotuning systems. The strength of our approach lies in two new algorithms. First, a loop overhead removal algorithm provides precise control of trade-offs between loop overhead and code size based on actual loop nesting depth. Second, an if-statement simplification algorithm further reduces the number of comparisons in the code. These algorithms combined with the expressive power of Presburger arithmetic enable CodeGen+ to support complex optimization strategies expressed in iteration spaces. We compare with the state-of-the-art polyhedra scanning tool CLooG on five loop nest computations, demonstrating that CodeGen+ generates code that is simpler and up to 1.15x faster.
Discussion of paper by Pizzella, McIlwain, and Van Allen, ‘Time variations of intensity in the Earth's inner radiation zone, October 1959 through December 1960’

Alternate conclusions on time variations of intensity in the inner radiation zone based on explorer vii data
The use of antifreeze proteins for frost protection in sensitive crop plants

Abstract Antifreeze proteins (AFPs), also known as ice binding proteins (IBPs), have evolved as an important adaptation in numerous organisms exposed to subzero temperatures. Plant AFPs have only been identified in freeze tolerant species (those able to survive extracellular freezing). Consequently, plant AFPs have very low specific activities as they have not evolved to completely prevent ice formation in the plant. In contrast, fish and most insect AFPs function to prevent freezing in species that have evolved freeze avoidance mechanisms. Therefore, the activity of these AFPs, especially those of insects (as they are generally exposed to considerably lower temperatures than fish), is much greater. The ability of AFPs to non-colligatively lower the freezing point of water (thermal hysteresis) has led to the idea that frost-sensitive crop plants could avoid damage resulting from common minor frost events in late spring and early autumn by expressing high activity AFPs that permit them to remain unfrozen to temperatures of approximately −5 °C. Over the past 20 years, the efficacy of this concept has been tested in a variety of studies that produced transgenic plants (including Arabidopsis thaliana, and several crop plants) expressing various AFPs. Initially, fish AFPs were employed in these studies but as insect AFPs, with higher levels of antifreeze activity, were discovered these have become the AFPs of choice in plant transformation studies. Some studies have produced transgenic plants that have exhibited improved cold tolerance of 1–3 °C compared to the wild-type. None of the studies with transgenic plants, however, have yet attained a sufficient level of protection. Progress to this point indicates that more significant results are achievable. If so, the billions of dollars lost annually to frost damage of sensitive crops could be avoided. Geographic ranges and growing seasons could also be expanded. This review provides an overview of the studies of transgenic plants producing AFPs, and makes suggestions for future advancements in this field of study.
Developing a biosensor for estrogens in water samples: study of the real-time response of live cells of the estrogen-sensitive yeast strain RMY/ER-ERE using fluorescence microscopy.

Using a fluorescein di-{beta}-D-galactopyranoside (FDG) substrate we show that in live cells of an estrogen-sensitive yeast strain RMY/ER-ERE with human estrogen receptor (ER{alpha}) gene and the lacZ gene which encodes {beta}-galactosidase, the uptake of 17 {beta}-estradiol (E2) and the subsequent production of {beta}-galactosidase enzyme occur quite rapidly, with maximal enzyme-catalyzed product formation evident after about 30 minutes of exposure to E2. This finding which agrees with the well-known rates of enzyme-catalyzed reactions could have implications for shortening the duration of environmental sample screening and monitoring regimes using yeast-based estrogen assays, and the development of biosensors for environmental estrogens to complement quantification methods.
Laparoscopic vs open total colectomy: a case-matched comparative study

Background Open total colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis (OTC) is a major colorectal procedure which would preclude laparoscopy in many centers because of technical difficulty and the fact that laparoscopic total colectomy (LTC) takes much longer than standard laparoscopic proctosigmoidectomy (LPS). This study compares OTC with LTC and LPS.
Cellular allo reactivity against paternal HLA antigens in normal multiparous females as detected by intracellular cytokine flow cytometry remains elevated over years despite diminution of anti-HLA antibody levels.

Abstract Background Sensitization to allo-antigens (Ags) resulting from previous transplants, blood transfusion or pregnancy (PG), is a significant obstacle to kidney transplantation and risk factor for antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). We have previously shown that allo-Ag-specific CD3 negative (−) cells as analyzed by cytokine flow cytometry (CFC) are elevated in many highly HLA-sensitized (HS) patients, but not most normal individuals. HS patients with high(+) CFC, especially to donor Ags, may be at high risk for AMR and may need additional pre-transplant desensitization. Here, we investigate allo-sensitization that results from paternal HLA (pHLA) Ag exposure in normal multiparous females and assess the utility of the CFC assay in detecting allo-Ag-specific immune cell activity. Methods Whole blood from 8 normal females with previous PG (pPG), 8 normal females without pPG and 5 normal males were incubated with irradiated normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). IFNγ+/CD3− cells were enumerated and results expressed as a ratio against un-stimulated cells. Results 4/8 females with pPG showed elevated CFC reactivity against at least 1 PBMC tested (ratio 4.7 ± 1.4), while the remaining 4 (0.76 ± 0.42), 8 females without pPG (0.65 ± 0.24) and 5 males (0.99 ± 0.59) showed minimal reactivity. The reactivity against the same PBMC was fairly consistent over months and years. Anti-HLA antibody was detected in females with elevated CFC, but the levels as analyzed by ELISA did not correlate with CFC reactivity. Individuals with minimal reactivity consistently show negative anti-HLA antibody levels. Two females with pPG with elevated CFC (#1 and #2) showed high reactivity to PBMC from their husbands, one offspring and 3rd-party normals carrying antigenic pHLA-Ags (#1: 13.2, 9.4 and 22.9; #2: 8.2, 8.0 and 8.8–12.6, respectively). Antibody specificity for antigenic pHLA-Ags was found by Luminex in anti-HLA antibody (+) samples in these 2 females. Conclusions 1) The CFC is a novel way to measure allo-specific CD3− cell responses and can detect allo-sensitization resulting from PG, 2) the CFC detects allo-specific memory cell activity as reactivity is consistent over years regardless of anti-HLA antibody levels, 3) high(+) CFC in normal multiparous females may explain increased risk for AMR in female HS patients, and 4) analysis of donor- or allo-specific CFC in multiparous females awaiting kidney transplant may identify those at risk for AMR.
Effect of Car Status on Helping Behavior in the Parking Lot

The present study replicates a 1976 experiment by Clark, Matheron, and Matheron concerning the effect of car status on strangers' willingness to turn off a car's headlights. The study was carried o...
First-Wall and limiter conditioning in TFTR

Abstract A progress report on the experimental studies of vacuum vessel conditioning during the first year of TFTR operation is presented. A previous paper described the efforts expended to condition the TFTR vessel prior to and during the initial plasma start-up experiments. During the start-up phase, discharge cleaning was performed with the vessel at room temperature. For the second phase of TFTR operations, which was directed towards the optimization of ohmically-heated plasmas, the vacuum vessel could be heated to 150°C. The internal configuration of the TFTR vessel was more complex during the second phase with the addition of a TiC/C moveable limiter array, inconel bellows cover plates, and ZrAl getter pumps. A quantitative comparison is given on the effectiveness of vessel bakeout, glow discharge cleaning, and pulse discharge cleaning in terms of total quantity of removed carbon and oxygen, residual gas base pressures and the resulting plasma impurity levels as measured by visible, UV and soft X-ray spectroscopy. The initial experience with hydrogen isotope changeover in TFTR is presented including the results of the attempt to hasten the changeover-time by using a glow discharge to precondition the vessel with the new isotope.
Capillary chromatography in the condensed mobile phases: From the concepts to analytically useful separations and measurements

Recent advances in microcolumn (capillary) Liquid chromatography and open tubular supercritical fluid chromatography are reviewed. New detection and ancillary techniques are emphasized. Further trends of capillary separations are briefly discussed.