cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Test of Local Enhancement in Amphibians

Local enhancement is an underexplored social learning mechanism that is often observed in organisms that live in groups. This mechanism occurs when individuals are attracted to areas where conspecifics have previously been, but which are not present when the animal actually moves into the area. We tested for local enhancement in wood frog tadpoles (Lithobates sylvatica) and spotted salamander larvae (Ambystoma maculatum) in three experiments that exposed individuals to one side of a test chamber which was empty and another that contained a group of three conspecifics. Side preference of the focal individual was recorded once the conspecifics were removed. Tadpoles showed a clear preference for moving to areas where a group of tadpoles had previously been located. Conversely, this preference was not observed in salamander larvae. In addition, salamander larvae took significantly more time to initially choose a side. These results indicate that tadpoles exhibit local enhancement, whereas aquatic salamander larvae do not. This difference in social learning could be largely due to differences in aquatic ecology between tadpoles and salamander larvae.
Input-output as a simple econometric model

The problem of calculating standard errors or other measures of dispersion for a set of estimated technical coefficients has been virtually ignored in input-output analysis. This omission represents a glaring weakness in studies of this type because the true technical coefficients cannot be known exactly. Although this point should be obvious, there are at least two reasons for this uncertainty which are worth mentioning. First, the data used to construct input-output models are often gathered by a nonexhaustive sampling of firms in each sector. Second, an observed matrix of technical coefficients obtained from census totals may still be a random drawing from a population of such matrices. This situation would arise, for example, if random measurement errors are present in the data. Therefore, without knowledge of the level of uncertainty associated with estimates of the technical coefficients, the value of input-output models for planning or forecasting purposes is unclear. This last point deserves special emphasis because empirical interindustry models are quite costly to construct.
An interdigitated PIFA for RFID data communication and dielectric sensing applications

The performance of an interdigitated type device as a sensor and as a PIFA is studied. The proposed device operates as a sensor by applying a 1 kHz sinusoidal signal at its driving electrode and as an antenna by applying or receiving 915 MHz band RFID signals also at the same driving electrode. It is demonstrated that the proposed device can detect the changes in the dielectric constant of a material under test and also can work as a PIFA with 30 MHz bandwidth and optimum radiation pattern coverage for RFID application.
Early extubation in congenital heart surgery.

Abstract Background: The concept of early extubation following congenital heart surgery is not new. Changes in health care have generated increasing interest in this technique. Some of the problems following surgery are related to the endotracheal tube and mechanical ventilation, and the interventions necessary to maintain them. Methods: To evaluate the impact of early extubation (within 6 h postoperatively) on children undergoing congenital heart surgery, retrospective data were obtained from records of 1000 consecutive patients. Results: Early extubation occurred in 80.2% of patients (73% in the operating room). Early extubation was not limited to simple anomalies; it was also possible for complex anomalies such as Fallot's tetralogy (including those patients with pulmonary atresia, absent pulmonary valve and complete atrioventricular septal defects; n =106), where 91% of patients had early extubation, and Fontan operations ( n =17), where 88% did. There were no deaths related to early extubation. Preoperative intubation was a risk factor for postoperative ventilation. As expected, the patients requiring ventilation after surgery were younger, smaller and more critically ill than those that met the criteria for early extubation. Conclusions: A change in attitude combined with appropriate anaesthetic and surgical techniques permitted safe, early extubation in a large number of patients. Patient populations vary between institutions. Early extubation is not always possible, but for those patients in whom it is feasible, the benefits include simplified postoperative care and increased patient and family satisfaction. When combined with clinical practice guidelines, it can result in a significant reduction in the cost of patient care after cardiac surgery.
Prophylaxis and treatment of gastrointestinal complications following transplantation

Most transplant recipients will experience some type of gastrointestinal (GI) complication. These effects often are caused by infectious damage induced by a variety of opportunistic organisms, but they also may be due to mechanical injury during surgery or to metabolic or organ toxicity associated with immunosuppressive regimens. Although some of these GI complications can substantially impair quality of life or even carry significant mortality risk, many of them can be prevented, and most of them can be treated medically without the need to stop immunosuppression and expose the patient to the risk of rejection. Limiting the use of steroids, giving prophylactic antiviral and antifungal agents (particularly to patients at risk) and adopting a low threshold for endoscopy are among the most important measures that can be used to avoid GI complications after transplantation.
Scikit-spectra: Explorative Spectroscopy in Python

Scikit-spectra is an intuitive framework for explorative spectroscopy in Python. Scikit-spectra leverages the Pandas library for powerful data processing to provide datastructures and an API designed for spectroscopy. Utilizing the new IPython Notebook widget system, scikit-spectra is headed towards a GUI when you want it, API when you need it approach to spectral analysis. As an application, analysis is presented of the surface-plasmon resonance shift in a solution of gold nanoparticles induced by proteins binding to the gold’s surface. Please refer to the scikit-spectra website for full documentation and support: http://hugadams.github.io/scikit-spectra/
Induction of tissue-type plasminogen activator and 72-kDa type-IV collagenase by ionizing radiation in rat astrocytes

Radiation-induced damage in the central nervous system (CNS) is believed to be targeted to glial or endothelial cells or both, although the pathophysiology of the process is still poorly understood. In this study, we irradiated rat astrocytes with single doses of X-rays and then estimated the levels of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and collagenase in serum-free medium and cell extracts at different times. Fibrin zymography revealed increased levels of intracellular tPA activity at 12 hr after irradiation. Gelatin zymography showed continuously increasing levels of extracellular 72-kDa type-IV collagenase after irradiation. Quantitative enzymatic activities by densitometry showed a 3- to 4-fold elevation in the level of the intracellular tPA activity at 12 hr and a 5- to 6-fold increase in the level of the extracellular 72-kDa type-IV collagenase activity at 48 hr. An ELISA with specific antibodies for tPA and 72-kDa type-IV collagenase indicated a 5-fold increase in the level of tPA at 12 hr and a more-than-7-fold increase in the level of 72-kDa type-IV collagenase at 48 hr. This study adds considerable credibility to the proposed role of plasminogen activators and type-IV collagenase in the development of CNS damage after radiotherapy for brain tumors.
Recent Employment Patterns of New Education Doctorates

to gainful employment at the time they completed the survey, and those whose employment prospects are not firm have increased approximately 50 percent since 1968. Throughout this ten-year period education has never had a large number of its graduates in postdoctoral work, although our colleagues in the physical and biological sciences have been known to stockpile their own doctorates when there is an
ARREST FOR DOMESTIC AND OTHER ASSAULTS

We use the National Crime Victimization Survey to examine whether a suspect's relationship to an assault victim affects whether the police make an arrest. The results indicate that in cases of minor assaults the police are less likely to make an arrest when the suspect is an intimate partner of the victim than when the suspect is an identifiable stranger. However, the police are not as lenient when the suspect is an intimate partner as they are when the suspect is someone else the victim knows. Intimate partner suspects avoid arrest in part because they are less likely to commit their crimes in front of witnesses. In addition, victims who know the suspect in any way are reluctant to sign complaints, and this reluctance inhibits arrest. Men are less likely than women to sign complaints, particularly when the suspect is a partner.
Quality Preservation of Liquid Whole Egg

Abstract Liquid whole egg was homogenized at five different pressures ranging from 1500/500 to 3000/1000 p.s.i. using a single piston two-stage homogenizer. Temperatures of 4 and 52°C. were compared for each homogenization pressure used. Particle size determination, emulsion stability, pH, viscosity and visual observation after seven days of refrigerated storage showed that a pressure of 2500/800 p.s.i. and 52°C. during homogenization give a reasonably good liquid whole egg emulsion. In order to maximize the stability of the emulsion, emulsifier combinations were added to whole egg or to yolks prior to homogenization. There was a marked improvement in the stability of whole egg with the addition of up to 0.5% by weight of Span 60-Tween 60 emulsifiers with a Hydrophile-Lipophile-Balance (HLB) No. of 13.0. There was little advantage, however, in adding the emulsifiers to the yolks first for homogenization and then blending the yolks with the albumen. No detrimental effect was caused to the viscosity, pH, color, functional properties, or sensory qualities of the liquid whole egg due to processing conditions, incorporation of emulsifiers and refrigerated storage. The process described appears to provide a safe and convenient product with longer shelf life and improved quality.
Flexible and wearable wire-shaped microsupercapacitors based on highly aligned titania and carbon nanotubes

Abstract Wire-shaped devices, such as solar cells and supercapacitors, have attracted great attentions due to their unique structure and promise to be integrated into textiles as portable energy source. To date, most reported wire-shaped supercapacitors were developed based on carbon nanomaterial-derived fiber electrodes whereas titania was much less used, though with excellent pseudocapacitvie properties. In this work, we used a titanium wire sheathed with radially aligned titania nanotubes as one of the electrodes to construct all-solid-state microsupercapacitors, in which the second electrode was carbon nanotube fiber or sheet. The capacitance of the resulting microsupercapacitor with a CNT sheet electrode (1.84 mF cm −2 ) is about three time of that for the corresponding device with the second electrode based on a single CNT yarn. The unique wire-shaped structure makes it possible for the wire-shaped microsupercapacitors to be woven into various textiles and connected in series or parallel to meet a large variety of specific energy demands.
Biobanking Challenges and Informatics Opportunities

Biobanking is the science and practice of storing biological specimens for future use. Biobanking is an emerging field with the potential to improve our understanding of disease and develop better, more targeted treatments for many conditions. Data associated with the specimens must include information about the specimens, the donor, and the conditions (including informed consent) under which the samples were collected, processed, and stored. Biobanking is based upon the premise that the storage of biologic specimens will enable future research, including the use of advanced technologies and methods beyond what currently exists, and without associated data, samples cannot be leveraged for the future. With the completion of the human genome and the promise of personalized medicine and diagnostics, biobanking is being embraced by a variety of stakeholders, including academic institutions, government, industry, and patient advocacy groups. This wide-ranging adoption has led to the development of many biobanks for various purposes. These different categories of biobanks, from population biobanks to disease-specific biobanks, collect a variety of human specimen types, each requiring different descriptive data and associated standards for collection, processing, and storage. In this chapter, we discuss the challenges inherent in biobanking and opportunities for informatics to resolve some of these challenges.
Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Composite Moderately Thick Triangular Plates

Based on an improved nonlinear vibration theory which accounts for the effects of the transverse shear deformation and rotatory inertia, the large amplitude vibration behavior of triangular plates is investigated in this paper. Due to the complex nature of the problem, solutions to the governing equations are obtained using a single-mode approximation, Galerkin’s method and a numerical integration procedure. For immovably clamped triangular plates, numerical results are presented in terms of variations of nonlinear frequencies with the amplitude of vibration. The effects of transverse shear, rotatory inertia, material and geometric properties as well as the thickness parameter are studied and comparisons are made wherever possible. Present results are in close agreement with those reported for thin plates.
Acetylcholine's effect on vascular resistance and compliance in the pulmonary circulation.

Acetylcholine's effect on the distribution of vascular resistance and compliance in the canine pulmonary circulation was determined under control and elevated vascular tone by the arterial, venous,...
Dental Abnormalities of the Alaskan Fur Seal

Most variations in dental formulae of pinnipeds are probably due to the loss of teeth and the subsequent bony alveolar obliteration. These abnormalities make identification of the skulls somewhat difficult and may be the cause of systematic or taxonomic disagreements. For example Forbes (Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., 11: 225–231, 1881) states, “As regards the genus Zalophus , it may be noted that Mr. O. Thomas has lately noticed a skull of Otaria jubata with the same number of molars as are supposed to characterize that genus (P.Z.S. 1881, p. 4).” In connection with a study on the morphology of the Alaskan fur seal ( Callorhinus ursinus ), the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service supplied, among other materials, a series of 38 female fur seal skulls. These skulls were selected for sex but otherwise were random choices from the Fish and Wildlife Service collection. Of these 38 skulls, six were abnormal in their dentition. No precise ratio of abnormalities should be drawn from a series this small but it seems certain that a high incidence of dental irregularities does occur among these mammals. The normal dental formula of the Alaskan …
Synthesis and Characteristic of Spiro-oxazine Compounds

The recent results concerning the synthesis and characteristic of spiro-oxazine compounds have been summarized. The absorption bands of usual spiro-oxazine compounds are changed from colorless to colored form by irradiation of ultraviolet ray. This mechanism is derived from the cleavage of oxazine ring. Such properties are dependent on, its chemical structure and surrounded matrix of spiro-oxazine compounds. The chemical structure of this compound is similar to the well known spiropyran. But, spiro-oxazine compounds have been noticed recently, because of excellent high light-sensitivity and superior fatigue-resistant property. This compounds are already applied as photochromic lens, clothes and UV light checker.
Abstract 486: Abscopal effect of low-LET ionizing radiation on Rel protein signal transduction

Ascertaining the ionizing radiation (IR)-induced bystander response and identifying its mechanistic regulation would raise a paradigm shift in our understanding of the radiobiological effects. Recent evidence from our lab and others clearly prompted that the transcriptional regulator NFκB would play a key role in induced responses in non-targeted bystander cells. In this study, for the first time, we investigated the orchestration of NFκB signaling after IR in an organ (heart) distant from the exposure field. The C57/BL6 mice either mock irradiated, exposed to single dose IR (SDR: 2 or 10Gy) or fractionated IR (FIR, 2 Gy/day for 5 days) were sacrificed 24h post-irradiation. All IR exposures were limited to the lower abdomen area (1cm diameter), while the rest of the animal was protected by a specially designed cerrobend shield. EMSA analysis was used to examine the changes in NFκB DNA binding activity in the heart. Transcriptional activation of 88 mediators associated with NFκB signaling pathway was assessed using QPCR profiling. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 that play a key role in NFκB signal transduction were examined using immunoblotting. Induced DNA fragmentation was measured using TdT nick end labeling. IR significantly induced NFκB DNA binding activity in the heart. Further more, real-time QPCR profiling showed a significant and differential modulation in the transcriptional responses of NFκB signaling pathway molecules. To that end, of the 88 genes analyzed, 28, 51 and 41 genes were upregulated after 2Gy, 10Gy and FIR, respectively. More importantly, at these exposures13 out of 28, 27 out of 51 and 25 out of 41 induced mediators of NFkB pathway were significantly upregulated. Conversely, lower abdominal IR exposure markedly suppressed 44, 20 and 30 genes after 2 Gy, 10Gy and FIR, respectively in the heart of the exposed animals. Compared to 2Gy, FIR significantly induced 26 genes, while 10Gy upregulated 27 genes. In addition, 6 and 15 genes were significantly upregulated after acute dose of 2 and 10Gy as opposed to fractionated dose. Consistently, immunoblotting analysis revealed a profound phosphorylation of both ERK1/2 and p38 in the heart. Interestingly, distant IR exposure significantly enhanced DNA fragmentation in the heart tissue. Taken together, these data clearly indicated an induced abscopal response in mice heart after clinically relevant doses of IR exposure. More importantly, these data implies that orchestration of NFκB signal transduction may play a key role in induced abscopal responses. Funding Support: Presbyterian Health Foundation, OKC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 486.
On the relocation of earthquake clusters. A case history: The Arkansas earthquake swarm

Abstract A portable digital network (the PANDA array) of 40 three-component stations with an aperture of about 35 km was deployed for 4 months in the Arkansas swarm area in 1987. Only 12 swarm events occurred during the deployment, in contrast to the intense seismic activity that characterized this region in 1982 to 1984. These events were relocated using a joint hypocentral determination technique (JHD). The JHD method used here allows for the simultaneous determination of P - and S -wave station corrections while providing information on the uniqueness of the solution based on the singular values of a matrix related to the station corrections. P -wave station corrections, determined when all nonzero singular values were used in the computations (or with the two smallest nonzero singular values deleted), show a circular pattern of positive values surrounded by negative values. The epicentral area is localized slightly displaced from the center of the pattern. Since positive and negative corrections correspond to velocities that are lower and higher, respectively, than the average, our results indicate that the swarm area is characterized by seismic velocities lower than those of its surroundings. Independent information on this region is afforded by reflection seismic lines recorded in the swarm area and its vicinity, which show that the hypocenters are located in a region where strong reflectors completely lose their coherence, indicating that this volume is anomalous when compared to surrounding crust. Additional support for a low-velocity zone comes from the results of a 3-D velocity inversion of the same PANDA data. A selected subset of data recorded digitally by the USGS in 1982 was also relocated. Comparison with the results from the PANDA data shows that the seismic activity did not migrate over a 5-yr period and that it is concentrated within a small volume between about 3 km and 6 km depth. While the results of this study do not determine the ultimate cause of the Arkansas swarm, the discovery of a pronounced localized low velocity zone is consistent with a previously proposed magmatic intrusion or a zone of highly fractured, fluid-filled crust.
Determination of 1-Chloro-3-hydroxypropane in Soy Sauce by Gas Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Isotope Dilution

A method is developed for the determination of 1-Chloro-3-hydroxypropane in soy sauce by Gas Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS/MS)with isotope dilution.The conditions for sample pretreatment and GC-MS/MS are optimized.The method has good sensitivity,selectivity and repeatability,which has been applied to the quantitative and qualitative determination.Good linear relationship appears in the concentration range of 0.01~0.5μg/mL,with correlation coefficient of 0.9990.The recovery ranges from 93.9%to 106.0%,the RSD is less than 10%,and the detection limit is less than 0.001mg/kg.The accuracy,reliability and sensitivity of the method makes it availably used for the determination of 1-Chloro-3-hydroxypropane in soy sauce samples.
Iron deficiency in infancy and childhood.

Iron deficiency continues to be the most common specific nutritional deficiency seen in North America and in the rest of the world. This discussion addresses itself to the function of iron in the body, the prevalence of iron deficiency, its diagnosis, the mechanisms by which it may develop, treatment, and prevention.
Cancer Screening in the U.S. and Europe: Policies, Practices, and Trends in Cancer Incidence and Mortality

Population-based data are increasingly used to elucidate the burden of cancer worldwide. Incidence and mortality data from regional and national cancer registries should allow researchers to monitor trends and disparities in cancer occurrence, survival, and mortality in populations and subgroups of the population and to evaluate the effectiveness of screening for cancers amenable to early detection and treatment. Given that the primary purpose of screening is to reduce the number of deaths attributable to cancer, cancer mortality is assumed to be the most important indicator of the effectiveness of screening and the most basic measure of progress against cancer (Hakama et al. 2008; Jatoi and Miller 2003). In setting screening policy, the deaths saved by screening, however, must be weighed against any adverse effects of screening resulting from over identifying or over treating cases, as well as monetary costs.
A Bible, an Ax, and a Tablet: Tocqueville's Newspapers and Everyday Political Discourse

ABSTRACTThe relationship between the free press and democracy is at the core of much modern political theory. With the advent of digital media and the decline of newspapers, there is a need to reexamine this relationship. Tocqueville was an astute observer of the importance of newspapers to democratic life and the drawbacks of the medium. This article examines the central features of Tocqueville's view of newspapers, the issues he saw with the tone of newspapers in Jacksonian America, and the value of newspapers. I argue that this analysis shows the importance of a free press to democratic life but that digital media often lacks the local element that Tocqueville saw as an essential feature of newspapers, and this deficiency is problematic for maintaining democratic liberty.
Data-Based Selection of an Appropriate Biological Model: The Key to Modern Data Analysis

Selection of an appropriate model as the basis for data analysis is critical for valid inference. Fundamental to this issue is the concept that the datawill only “support” limited inference. A model should have enough structure and parameters to account adequately for the significant variability in the data, otherwise bias in the estimators is likely. However, if the model has too much structure or too many parameters, then precision is unnecessarily lost and “effects” may be inferred that are not justified by the data. A proper model is fully supported by the data, and has enough parameters to avoid bias, but not too many that precision is lost (the Principle of Parsimony) .Thus, for given data, there is a need to choose objectively from among alternative models, each based on biological considerations.
Beyond Power-Blind Ethnography

Most ethnographers tell good stories. Good stories bring about conversations. Conversation might lead to action. But what kind of conversations and actions does ethnography generate? The answer is ...
Foreign aid, democracy, and gender quota laws

ABSTRACTWhy do so many developing countries have gender quota policies? This article argues that foreign aid programmes influence developing countries to adopt policies aimed at fulfilling international norms regarding gender equality. This relationship is driven by two causal mechanisms. On the one hand, countries may use gender quotas as a signal to improve their standing in the international hierarchy, possibly as an end unto itself, but more likely as a means towards ensuring future aid flows. On the other, countries may adopt gender quotas as a result of successful foreign aid interventions specifically designed to promote women’s empowerment. I test these two causal mechanisms using data on foreign aid commitments to 173 non-OECD countries from 1974 to 2012. The results suggest that while programmes targeting women’s empowerment may have some influence on quota adoption, developing countries dependent on United States foreign aid are also likely to use gender quotas as signalling devices rather than...
Productivity and credibility in industry equilibrium

I analyze a model of production in a competitive environment with heterogeneous firms. Efficient production requires individuals within the organization to take noncontractible actions for which rewards must be informally promised rather than contractually assured. The credibility of such promises originates from a firm's future competitive rents. In equilibrium, heterogeneous firms are heterogeneously constrained, and competitive rents are inefficiently concentrated at the top. I explore several policy and empirical implications of this result.
A pilot study of the patient-reported outcomes version of the common terminology criteria for adverse events (PRO-CTCAE) in a phase I clinical trial.

6587 Background: Recently the Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the CTCAE was developed to augment clinically graded adverse events with information reported directly by patients on clinical tri...
Self–Compassion as Self-Care: A Simple and Effective Tool for Counselor Educators and Counseling Students

This article explores teaching self-compassion as a means of self-care for counseling graduate students. Self-care is vital to helping professionals, but few students learn specific self-care skill...
High Availability Layers and Failure Recovery Timers for Virtualized Systems and Services

Abstract Highly available virtualized systems and services are required for applications that are sensitive to down time. The availability of virtualized systems and services needs to be on par with that for non-virtualized systems and services. However, high availability (HA) designs for virtualized systems and services are much more complicated than those for their non-virtualized counterparts due to the existence of independent multiple layers where each layer may have its own failure recovery mechanism. This paper defines a novel approach to the design of highly available virtualized systems and services. The recovery from failures is self-coordinated. There are no race conditions among layers.
Installation and preliminary results from fiber optic sensors embedded in a concrete building

The University of Vermont is in the process of constructing a new major facility to housevarious biotechnology research laboratioes and offices. This five storey, 6000 squaremeter (65000 square foot) concrete structure, named the Stafford Building, has a reinforcedconcrete superstructure. During the construction, a number of optical fiber cables havebeen embedded into the concrete superstructure. They will allow monitoring of stressesincurred during the construction phase and concretr curing as well as vibration sensing andinternal crack detection. The sensors will also permit long term studies of the building'sin-service performance and overall health. A description of the sensor choices, physical
An approximate analytical approach to estimate the diffusivity of toxic chemicals in polymer barrier materials from the time evolution of sessile drop profiles

Any practical technique to determine the diffusivity of chemical warfare agents in protective barrier materials should require handling only miniscule volume of the chemicals and also require data analysis methods that are not computationally burdensome. Such an approach is described here based on imaging the time evolution of ~ 1 μL sessile drop profiles on the barrier surface and using an approximate analytical approach to analyze the time-dependent drop volume and contact angle data for extracting the diffusivity. The approximate analytical approach is validated by comparison against results from computationally intensive finite element simulations available in the literature. The domain of reliable use of the sessile drop technique in terms of the relative importance of the simultaneous evaporation and absorption is assessed using measurements on three challenging toxic chemicals in air and in butyl rubber. The ability of this approach to provide reasonable diffusivity estimates even if the substrate undergoes swelling is explored by studying water sessile drops on a Nafion membrane. The results allow one to conclude that the sessile drop technique coupled to the approximate analytical approach can be reliably used for rapid screening of new barrier materials for protection against chemical warfare agents if the screening is implemented using simulants with low vapor pressures.
Complexes of α6β4 integrin and vimentin act as signaling hubs to regulate epithelial cell migration

We find that clusters of β4 integrin, organized into distinct puncta, localize along vimentin filaments within lamellipodia at the cell edge of A549 cells, as assessed by interferometric photoactivated localization microscopy. Moreover, puncta and vimentin filaments exhibit a dynamic interplay in live cells, as viewed by structured-illumination microscopy, with β4 integrin puncta that associate with vimentin persisting for longer than those that do not. Interestingly, in A549 cells β4 integrin regulates vimentin cytoskeleton organization. When β4 integrin is knocked down there is a loss of vimentin filaments from lamellipodia. However, in these conditions, vimentin filaments instead concentrate around the nucleus. Although β4 integrin organization is unaffected in vimentin-deficient A549 cells, such cells move in a less-directed fashion and exhibit reduced Rac1 activity, mimicking the phenotype of β4 integrin-deficient A549 cells. Moreover, in vimentin-deficient cells, Rac1 fails to cluster at sites enriched in α6β4 integrin heterodimers. The aberrant motility of both β4 integrin and vimentin-deficient cells is rescued by expression of active Rac1, leading us to propose that complexes of β4 integrin and vimentin act as signaling hubs, regulating cell motility behavior.
Other PDE-PDE Cascades

In this chapter we deal with cascades of parabolic and second-order hyperbolic PDEs. These are example problems. The parabolic-hyperbolic cascade is represented by a heat equation at the input of an antistable wave equation. The hyperbolic-parabolic cascade is represented by a wave equation at the input of an unstable reaction-diffusion equation.
Infrastructural Ecology: Embedding Resilience in Public Works:

The destabilization of earth’s climate—manifest today in rising sea levels, more frequent droughts, deluges, and rising temperatures—demands expansive thinking in our infrastructural investments. S...
Perception, belief, and the structure of physical objects and consciousness

We have now provided an overall simple theoretical account of the structure of perceptual experience proto-philosophically examined in Part I. The next task is to find the proper logical machinery to formulatte those accounts rigorously.
Compensation and hydrogen passivation of magnesium acceptors in β-Ga2O3

Magnesium-doped gallium oxide may be utilized as a semi-insulating material for future generations of power devices. Spectroscopy and hybrid functional calculations were used to investigate defect levels in Czochralski-grown β-Ga2O3. Substitutional Mg dopants act as deep acceptors, while substitutional Ir impurities are deep donors. Hydrogen-annealed Ga2O3:Mg shows an IR peak at 3492 cm−1, assigned to an O-H bond-stretching mode of a neutral MgH complex. Despite compensation by Ir and Si and hydrogen passivation, high concentrations of Mg (1019 cm−3) can push the Fermi level to mid-gap or lower.
The dynamic properties of institutional reform: an analysis of US states

Decades of research show that economic freedom is highly correlated with desirable economic outcomes both internationally and locally. Yet we still know little about the transition from low to high levels of economic freedom, particularly for institutions under local control. This research shows that while economic freedom in the United States is decreasing with regard to institutions under national control, it is increasing with regard to institutions under state and local control. Economic freedom increases gradually among the states, driven primarily by increasing labor market freedom. Decreases in economic freedom, on the other hand, occur sharply, often following stark changes to state fiscal policies.
Fast bioelectrical switches.

Faster-than-transcription control of cellular activities is an important but challenging engineering target. Using split ferredoxins and induced dimerization or conformational changes, newly developed metalloprotein switches provide a fast method to control electron flux.
Drinking the Tea: The Tea Party Movement and Legislative Agendas in the U.S. Senate

This article empirically investigates the impact of the Tea Party movement in the U.S. Congress by examining senatorial legislative agendas, including bill and resolution introductions and cosponso...
Loss of the HIF pathway in a widely distributed intertidal crustacean, the copepod Tigriopus californicus

Hypoxia is a major physiological constraint for which multicellular eukaryotes have evolved robust cellular mechanisms capable of addressing dynamic changes in O2 availability. In animals, oxygen sensing and regulation is primarily performed by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway, and the key components of this pathway are thought to be highly conserved across metazoans. Marine intertidal habitats are dynamic environments, and their inhabitants are known to tolerate wide fluctuations in salinity, temperature, pH, and oxygen. In this study, we show that an abundant intertidal crustacean, the copepod Tigriopus californicus, has lost major genetic components of the HIF pathway, but still shows robust survivorship and transcriptional response to hypoxia. Mining of protein domains across the genome, followed by phylogenetic analyses of gene families, did not identify two key regulatory elements of the metazoan hypoxia response, namely the transcription factor HIF-α and its oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylase repressor, EGLN Despite this loss, phenotypic assays revealed that this species is tolerant to extremely low levels of available O2 for at least 24 h at both larval and adult stages. RNA-sequencing (seq) of copepods exposed to nearly anoxic conditions showed differential expression of over 400 genes, with evidence for induction of glycolytic metabolism without a depression of oxidative phosphorylation. Moreover, genes involved in chitin metabolism and cuticle reorganization show categorically a consistent pattern of change during anoxia, highlighting this pathway as a potential solution to low oxygen availability in this small animal with no respiratory structures or pigment.
Instability analysis of the split‐step Fourier method on the background of a soliton of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation

We analyze a numerical instability that occurs in the well-known split-step Fourier method on the background of a soliton. This instability is found to be very sensitive to small changes of the parameters of both the numerical grid and the soliton, unlike the instability of most finite-difference schemes. Moreover, the principle of “frozen coefficients,” in which variable coefficients are treated as “locally constant” for the purpose of stability analysis, is strongly violated for the instability of the split-step method on the soliton background. Our analysis quantitatively explains all these features. It is enabled by the fact that the period of oscillations of the unstable Fourier modes is much smaller than the width of the soliton. Our analysis is different from the von Neumann analysis in that it requires spatially growing or decaying harmonics (not localized near the boundaries) as opposed to purely oscillatory ones. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 28: 641–669, 2012
A feasibility study of telemedicine for paediatric sickle cell patients living in a rural medically underserved area.

IntroductionSickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common inherited haematological disease, with potentially devastating complications. Improvements in therapies have increased the life span of pati...
Membranous Lupus Nephritis: A Clinical Review.

Membranous lupus nephritis (MLN) (Class V lupus nephritis [LN]) is a distinct form of LN defined by the presence of subepithelial immune complex deposits seen on kidney biopsy. MLN is often associated with the nephrotic syndrome. The histology of MLN closely resembles that of idiopathic (primary) membranous nephropathy (pMN). However, MLN typically has abundant mesangial deposits that are absent in primary membranous nephropathy. The clinical presentation, management, and prognosis of MLN differ from that of the proliferative forms of LN (Class III, IV, or Mixed III/IV + V). Although immunosuppressive therapy is often warranted in MLN, the optimal treatment regimen remains unclear. Here we describe the clinical presentation, histologic features, and natural history of MLN. We also review the role of supportive treatment and discuss when to deploy immunosuppressive management in MLN.
David Douphrate Named Journal of Agromedicine “Leader in the Field” 2020

David Douphrate, PhD, MPT, MBA, CPE, CSP, a dynamic mid-career researcher, is the Journal of Agromedicine 2020 “Leader in the Field.” Dr. Douphrate partners with the dairy and logging industries as...
SkewIT: Skew Index Test for detecting mis-assembled bacterial genomes

GC skew is a phenomenon observed in many bacterial genomes, wherein the two replication strands of the same chromosome contain different proportions of guanine and cytosine nucleotides. Here we demonstrate that this phenomenon, which was first discovered in the mid-1990s, can be used today as an analysis tool for the 15,000+ complete bacterial genomes in NCBI9s Refseq library. In order to analyze all 15,000+ genomes, we introduce a new method, SkewIT (Skew Index Test), which calculates a single metric representing the degree of GC skew for a genome. Using this metric, we demonstrate how GC skew patterns are conserved within certain bacterial phyla, e.g. Firmicutes, but show different patterns in other phylogenetic groups such as Actinobacteria. We also discovered that outlier values of SkewIT highlight potential bacterial mis-assemblies. Using our newly defined metric, we identify multiple mis-assembled chromosomal sequences in NCBI9s Refseq library of complete bacterial genomes.
Adaptive Immediate Feedback Can Improve Novice Programming Engagement and Intention to Persist in Computer Science

Prior work suggests that novice programmers are greatly impacted by the feedback provided by their programming environments. While some research has examined the impact of feedback on student learning in programming, there is no work (to our knowledge) that examines the impact of adaptive immediate feedback within programming environments on students' desire to persist in computer science (CS). In this paper, we integrate an adaptive immediate feedback (AIF) system into a block-based programming environment. Our AIF system is novel because it provides personalized positive and corrective feedback to students in real time as they work. In a controlled pilot study with novice high-school programmers, we show that our AIF system significantly increased students' intentions to persist in CS, and that students using AIF had greater engagement (as measured by their lower idle time) compared to students in the control condition. Further, we found evidence that the AIF system may improve student learning, as measured by student performance in a subsequent task without AIF. In interviews, students found the system fun and helpful, and reported feeling more focused and engaged. We hope this paper spurs more research on adaptive immediate feedback and the impact of programming environments on students' intentions to persist in CS.
Emotional Intelligence: Helping Managers ‘Turn Over’ a New Leaf in Leadership Behaviors

The costs of organizational turnover have substantial economic consequences. Accordingly, scholars and practitioners have strategized how to reduce followers’ turnover intentions, potentially saving organizations the direct and indirect costs of turnover. The literature provides evidence that leaders’ behaviors directly impact subordinates’ turnover intentions. This research studied leaders and followers in a healthcare institution based in the Southwest U.S., focusing on the follower’s perceptions of their managers’ leadership behaviors. It specifically examined the effects of leaders’ emotional intelligence on their followers’ turnover intentions. The results indicated that higher levels of leader emotional intelligence had an inverse effect on follower turnover intentions, thereby reducing followers’ inclinations to leave their organizations. This study adds to the streams of literature supporting the positive effects of emotional intelligence in a turnover intentions-based model. The findings can be integrated into human resources strategies to help leaders in all industries develop more holistic leadership programs to reduce organizational turnover.
Airway Hemangiomas in PHACE Syndrome: A Multicenter Experience.

ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence and clinical characteristics of airway findings in a multi-institutional cohort of PHACE patients.Study DesignMulticenter retrospective case series.SettingMultid...
A Deep Learning Approach to Detect Real-Time Vehicle Maneuvers Based on Smartphone Sensors

Identifying vehicle maneuvers in the context of Connected Vehicles (CV) system brings huge potentials to enhance traffic safety. However, this process requires various advanced sensors, which are either available for luxury vehicles or expensive to install. Differently, smartphone is a more feasible choice with high penetration rate and various built-in sensors. Among the existing studies of applying the smartphone to detect vehicle maneuvers, most treated the detection as a classification problem without considering the real-world application. For example, the smartphone was fixed. Too many descriptive features were generated from the sensor data. To alleviate these problems, this paper developed a vehicle maneuvers detection system using a common smartphone with GPS, gyroscope, accelerometer, and magnetometer sensors. We first released the constraints on the smartphone's position through a coordination system reorientation method. Then, simply filtered sensor data were directly used. A stacked-LSTM model was built to detect the vehicle maneuvers considering the time-dependency of the sensor data. This paper compared the performance of the proposed system with previous studies and various machine learning methods, including LightGBM, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest. Extensive experimental results indicated that the proposed system accurately detected different vehicle maneuvers with an average F1-score of 0.98, precision of 0.97, and recall of 0.98, which outperformed the counterparts. Moreover, the model can be easily transferred to different drivers and locations. The system is robust and suitable for the real-time application as it requires simple processing of smartphone sensor data.
Aluminum scandium nitride-based metal-ferroelectric-metal diode memory devices with high on/off ratios

In this Letter, we report a back-end-of-line (BEOL), complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible Al0.64Sc0.36N-based ferroelectric diode that shows polarization-dependent hysteresis in its leakage currents. Our device comprises a metal/insulator/ferroelectric/metal structure (Pt/native oxide/Al0.64Sc0.36N/Pt) that is compatible with BEOL temperatures (≤ 350 °C) grown on top of a 4-in. silicon wafer. The device shows self-selective behavior as a diode with > 105 rectification ratio (for 5 V). It can suppress sneak currents without the need for additional access transistors or selectors. Furthermore, given the polarization-dependent leakage, the diode current–voltage sweeps are analogous to that of a memristor with an on/off ratio of ∼ 50 000 between low and high resistance states. Our devices also exhibit stable programed resistance states during DC cycling and a retention time longer than 1000 s at 300 K. These results demonstrate that this system has significant potential as a future high-performance post-CMOS compatible nonvolatile memory technology.
Behind the IL-8 ball in prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is largely unresponsive to immunotherapy. A new study finds elevated expression of the chemokine IL-8, or its mouse homolog Cxcl15, in prostate cancer after castration, which leads to the recruitment of immunosuppressive myeloid cells. Blocking tumor infiltration with these cells could improve the response to immune-checkpoint inhibition and androgen-deprivation therapy.
Breast cancer heterogeneity through the lens of single-cell analysis and spatial pathologies

Breast cancer ecosystems are composed of complex cell types, including tumor, stromal and immune cells, each of which can assume diverse phenotypes. Both the heterogeneous composition and spatially distinct tumor microenvironment impact breast cancer progression, treatment response and therapeutic resistance. Thus, a deeper understanding of breast cancer heterogeneity may help facilitate the development of novel therapies and improve outcomes for patients. The advent of paradigm shifting single-cell analysis and spatial pathologies allows for a comprehensive analysis of the tumor ecosystem as well as the interactions between its components at unprecedented resolution. In this review, we discuss the insights gained through single-cell analysis and spatial pathologies on breast cancer heterogeneity.