cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CARBAMAZEPINE IN DIFFICULT TO CONTROL EPILEPTIC OUT‐PATIENTS

Twenty-three difficult to control patients with 1 or more seizures per week despite diphenylhydantoin (DPH), phenobarbital and/or primidone in near and toxic doses and blood levels were entered in the study. 3 had grand mal. 8 psychomotor seizures and 12 had both. During a 6 1/2 month study period the patient received active drug and placebo for 3 months each; randomized, double-blind. The dose was to be increased within 4 weeks up to 6 capsules per day equal to 1,200 mg of carbamazepine (C), while the doses of previously taken (basis) anticonvulsants were to remain unchanged. Hematopoetic system and hepatic functions were monitored. Complete seizure control attributable to C was not achieved in any, but up to 50% improvement occurred in 12 patients. Questionable improvement was thought to take place in 3 patients, no change occurred in 7, and psychomotor seizures became more frequent in 1 patient. A clear-cut psychotropic effect was not observed. Adverse effects attributable to C were a decline of WBC below 4,000 with relative neutropenia in 3 patients followed by at return to the previous after discontinuation of C. Nystagmus and unsteadiness were seen in about half of the patients, and some headache and drowsiness occurred in one quarter. The highest C blood level was 11.8 μg/ml, the lowest 3.8 μg/ml (average 5.6 μg/ml) during 1,200 mg intake. It seemed, generally, that intoxication occurred with lower blood levels of carbamazepine in those patients whose basis anticonvulsant blood levels were highest.
Feeding the Poor and Clothing the Naked: The Cairo Geniza

The Cairo Geniza contains hundreds of letters of appeal, alms lists, and donor registers that give voice to the Egyptian Jewish poor during the Middle Ages. Paleographical analysis of these documents reveals much about the poor's distress—particularly their hunger and lack of clothing—as well as the Jewish community's manner of dealing with them.
LENS-LIKE ACTION OF A STAR BY THE DEVIATION OF LIGHT IN THE GRAVITATIONAL FIELD.

Some time ago, R. W. Mandi paid me a visit and asked me to publish the results of a little calculation, which I had made at his request. This note complies with his wish.
The effects of marital status transitions on alcohol use trajectories

This study aims to exploit the longitudinal nature of the US Health and Retirement Study (HRS), using a semi-parametric mixture modeling (SPMM) approach to examine whether the presence of marital transitions has an impact on alcohol use trajectories among the elderly. The empirical work of this study is based on the 1994-2008 Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Findings provide support to the marriage protection effect: for both elderly men and women, remaining divorced or widowed had detrimental effects on alcohol consumption. Findings also concur with the potential roles of assortive mating / marital homophily: having a drinking spouse increased alcohol consumption.
Kruppel-Like Factor 2 Is Required for Trafficking but Not Quiescence in Postactivated T Cells

The transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) was proposed to regulate genes involved in cell cycle entry and T cell trafficking; however, the physiological role of its expression in postactivated T cells is not well defined. Previous studies suggested that the cytokines IL-2 and IL-15 differentially regulate KLF2 re-expression in postactivation T cells and that these cytokines also influence effector versus memory T cell differentiation. Using conditional and inducible KLF2-knockout model systems, we tested the specific role of KLF2 expression in activated CD8(+) T cells cultured with these cytokines. KLF2 was required for effective transcription of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1P(1)) and CD62L in postactivation T cells. However, although different cytokines dramatically altered the expression of cell-cycle-related genes, endogenous KLF2 had a minimal impact. Correspondingly, KLF2-deficient T cells showed dysregulated trafficking but not altered proliferative characteristics following in vivo responses to Ag. Thus, our data help to define KLF2-dependent and -independent aspects of activated CD8(+) T cell differentiation and argue against a physiological role in cell cycle regulation.
One-step production of lactate from cellulose as the sole carbon source without any other organic nutrient by recombinant cellulolytic Bacillus subtilis

Although intensive efforts have been made to create recombinant cellulolytic microorganisms, real recombinant cellulose-utilizing microorganisms that can produce sufficient secretory active cellulase, hydrolyze cellulose, and utilize released soluble sugars for supporting both cell growth and cellulase synthesis without any other organic nutrient (e.g., yeast extract, peptone, amino acids), are not available. Here we demonstrated that over-expression of Bacillus subtilis endoglucanase BsCel5 enabled B. subtilis to grow on solid cellulosic materials as the sole carbon source for the first time. Furthermore, two-round directed evolution was conducted to increase specific activity of BsCel5 on regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC) and enhance its expression/secretion level in B. subtilis. To increase lactate yield, the alpha-acetolactate synthase gene (alsS) in the 2,3-butanediol pathway was knocked out. In the chemically defined minimal M9/RAC medium, B. subtilis XZ7(pBscel5-MT2C) strain (ΔalsS), which expressed a BsCel5 mutant MT2C, was able to hydrolyze RAC with cellulose digestibility of 74% and produced about 3.1g/L lactate with a yield of 60% of the theoretical maximum. When 0.1% (w/v) yeast extract was added in the M9/RAC medium, cellulose digestibility and lactate yield were enhanced to 92% and 63% of the theoretical maximum, respectively. The recombinant industrially safe cellulolytic B. subtilis would be a promising consolidated bioprocessing platform for low-cost production of biocommodities from cellulosic materials.
Constructive approximation of non-linear discrete-time systems

It is known that large classes of approximately-finite-memory maps can be uniformly approximated arbitrarily well by the maps of certain non-linear structures. As an application, it was proved that time-delay networks can be used to uniformly approximate arbitrarily well the members of a large class of causal nonlinear dynamic discrete-time input–output maps. However, the proof is non-constructive and provides no information concerning the determination of a structure that corresponds to a prescribed bound on the approximation error. Here we give some general results concerning the problem of finding the structure. Our setting is as follows. There is a large family of causal time-invariant approximately-finite-memory input-output maps G from a set S of real d-vector-valued discrete-time inputs (with d⩾1) to the set of ℝ-valued discrete-time outputs, with both the inputs and outputs defined on the non-negative integers +. We show that for each ϵ>0, any Gϵ can be uniformly approximated by a structure map H(G, ·) to within tolerance ϵ, and we give analytical results and an example to illustrate how such a H(G, ·) can be determined in principle. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Containment indicator function construction via numerical conformal mapping

In optimal-control-based motion planning, it is often desired to obtain a proper (preferably smooth) function, referred to as the containment indicator function in this paper, that describes the shape of the free space. The paper studies the use of numerical conformal mapping for constructing the containment indicator function for an arbitrary two-dimensional geometry. The idea of using conformal mapping is to transform the original shape of interest into a simpler target shape (e.g. disk, rectangle), which can then be characterized by elementary functions. Computational methods for finding the desired conformal maps are also studied. The procedure can be formulated as a convex optimization problem and computed efficiently.
An experimental investigation of natural convection in the melted region around a heated horizontal cylinder

Melting from an electrically heated horizontal cylinder embedded in a paraffin (n-octadecane, fusion temperature 301·3 °K) has been studied experimentally. The shape of the solid-liquid interface has been determined photographically, and the local heat transfer coefficients have been measured using a shadowgraph technique. The experiments provide conclusive evidence of the important role played by natural convection in melting a solid due to an embedded cylindrical heat source. The four distinct pieces of quantitative evidence which contribute to this conclusion are the melt shape, surface temperature, local and average heat transfer coefficients and their variation with time.The experimental findings prove the importance of natural convection in phase change problems involving melting and indicate that continued practice of neglecting the effects in the analysis of such problems does not appear reasonable. Natural convection should be considered in analysis and design of systems involving phase change.
An architecture-driven software mobility framework

Software architecture has been shown to provide an appropriate level of granularity for assessing a software system's quality attributes (e.g., performance and dependability). Similarly, previous research has adopted an architecture-centric approach to reasoning about and managing the run-time adaptation of software systems. For mobile and pervasive software systems, which are known to be innately dynamic and unpredictable, the ability to assess a system's quality attributes and manage its dynamic run-time behavior is especially important. In the past, researchers have argued that a software architecture-based approach can be instrumental in facilitating mobile computing. In this paper, we present an integrated architecture-driven framework for modeling, analysis, implementation, deployment, and run-time migration of software systems executing on distributed, mobile, heterogeneous computing platforms. In particular, we describe the framework's support for dealing with the challenges posed by both logical and physical mobility. We also provide an overview of our experience with applying the framework to a family of distributed mobile robotics systems. This experience has verified our envisioned benefits of the approach, and has helped us to identify several avenues of future work.
An in vitro biofilm model system maintaining a highly reproducible species and metabolic diversity approaching that of the human oral microbiome

Our knowledge of microbial diversity in the human oral cavity has vastly expanded during the last two decades of research. However, much of what is known about the behavior of oral species to date derives from pure culture approaches and the studies combining several cultivated species, which likely does not fully reflect their function in complex microbial communities. It has been shown in studies with a limited number of cultivated species that early oral biofilm development occurs in a successional manner and that continuous low pH can lead to an enrichment of aciduric species. Observations that in vitro grown plaque biofilm microcosms can maintain similar pH profiles in response to carbohydrate addition as plaque in vivo suggests a complex microbial community can be established in the laboratory. In light of this, our primary goal was to develop a robust in vitro biofilm-model system from a pooled saliva inoculum in order to study the stability, reproducibility, and development of the oral microbiome, and its dynamic response to environmental changes from the community to the molecular level. Comparative metagenomic analyses confirmed a high similarity of metabolic potential in biofilms to recently available oral metagenomes from healthy subjects as part of the Human Microbiome Project. A time-series metagenomic analysis of the taxonomic community composition in biofilms revealed that the proportions of major species at 3 hours of growth are maintained during 48 hours of biofilm development. By employing deep pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to investigate this biofilm model with regards to bacterial taxonomic diversity, we show a high reproducibility of the taxonomic carriage and proportions between: 1) individual biofilm samples; 2) biofilm batches grown at different dates; 3) DNA extraction techniques and 4) research laboratories. Our study demonstrates that we now have the capability to grow stable oral microbial in vitro biofilms containing more than one hundred operational taxonomic units (OTU) which represent 60-80% of the original inoculum OTU richness. Previously uncultivated Human Oral Taxa (HOT) were identified in the biofilms and contributed to approximately one-third of the totally captured 16S rRNA gene diversity. To our knowledge, this represents the highest oral bacterial diversity reported for an in vitro model system so far. This robust model will help investigate currently uncultivated species and the known virulence properties for many oral pathogens not solely restricted to pure culture systems, but within multi-species biofilms.
The Time of Engagement, Zaman al-ishtibak

This commentary examines two relationships between law and revolutions. In the first, international law collapses revolutions into military warfare, and in the second, state law endows itself with revolutionary powers. What are the meanings of revolution these two relationships articulate and the other meanings they foreclose? Both relationships fail to capture revolution as struggle; instead, they subject revolutions to the measures of violence and change. Against revolutionary struggles, contemporary modern law claims revolutionary capacities for itself. But revolutionary struggles persist precisely because the law knows how to relate to revolutions only through the measures of violence and change, thereby failing to appreciate the peculiar practice of struggle – that of clashing engagement.
Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides in Behavioral Neuroscience

Abstract The ability to effectively modify gene expression in the brain by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeting the mRNAs of specific genes will greatly increase the repertoire of molecular techniques available to investigate the neural basis of behavior. We present here information concerning the characteristics of antisense oligos, methods of delivery to the brain, and parameters to be considered in designing behavioral experiments that exploit antisense technology. The Issues of nonspecific effects and appropriate use of controls are discussed. Finally, theoretical advantages of antisense methodology over existing approaches for manipulating gene activity are summarized.
D-4F, an apoA-1 mimetic, decreases airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and oxidative stress in a murine model of asthma.

Asthma is characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation of the airways. Although proinflammatory lipids are involved in asthma, therapies targeting them remain lacking. Ac-DW F KA F YDKVAEK F KEA F NH2 (4F) is an apolipoprotein (apo)A-I mimetic that has been shown to preferentially bind oxidized lipids and improve HDL function. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of 4F on oxidative stress, inflammation, and airway resistance in an established murine model of asthma. We show here that ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitization increased airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophil recruitment, and collagen deposition in lungs of C57BL/6J mice by a mechanism that could be reduced by 4F. OVA sensitization induced marked increases in transforming growth factor (TGF)β-1, fibroblast specific protein (FSP)-1, anti-T15 autoantibody staining, and modest increases in 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) Michael's adducts in lungs of OVA-sensitized mice. 4F decreased TGFβ-1, FSP-1, anti-T15 autoantibody, and 4-HNE adducts in the lungs of the OVA-sensitized mice. Eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF), peripheral eosinophil counts, total IgE, and proinflammatory HDL (p-HDL) were all increased in OVA-sensitized mice. 4F decreased BALF EPO activity, eosinophil counts, total IgE, and p-HDL in these mice. These data indicate that 4F reduces pulmonary inflammation and airway resistance in an experimental murine model of asthma by decreasing oxidative stress.
Baseball’s Blue Ribbon Economic Report: Solutions in Search of a Problem

In July 2000, Major League Baseball published a report claiming a recent marked decline in competitive balance. The alleged cause is growing disparities in team revenues and payrolls driven ultimat...
Building a Marketing Curriculum to Support Courses in Social Entrepreneurship and Social Venture Competitions

This study examines the implications of the increased popularity of social enterprise programs and social venture competitions for the marketing curriculum. Social enterprise programs and competitions are often offered outside the school of business and target students from a variety of academic backgrounds. Although social enterprises use business skills to solve social problems, the specific marketing skills required differ from those covered in most marketing curricula. This article recommends some changes in emphasis and/or scope to specific areas in the marketing curriculum and includes an outline of the proposed marketing curriculum for social enterprise programs.
Evaluating the Influence of Various Body-Contacting Schemes on Single Event Transients in 45-nm SOI CMOS

We investigate the single-event transient (SET) response of T-body and notched-body contacted MOSFETs from a commercial 45 nm SOI RF-CMOS technology. Although body-contacted devices suffer from reduced RF performance compared to floating body devices, previous work on 65 nm and 90 nm MOSFETs has shown that the presence of a body-contact significantly mitigates the total ionizing dose (TID) sensitivity that is exhibited in floating-body SOI MOSFETs. The influence of body-contacting schemes on the single-event effect (SEE) sensitivity is examined here through time-resolved measurements of laser and microbeam-induced transients from T-body and notched-body MOSFETs. Laser-induced transients demonstrate the reduced SEE sensitivity of the notched-body MOSFETs as compared to the T-body MOSFETs; this is evidenced by a uniform reduction in the peak transient magnitudes and collected charge for transients captured at the worst-case bias of VDS = 1.0 V, as well as with all terminals grounded. Microbeam-induced transient data are also presented to support the validity of the laser-induced transient data. Together, these data provide new insight into the RF versus TID versus SEE tradeoffs associated with body contacting schemes in nm-scale MOSFETs, an important concern for emerging space-based electronics applications.
Breaking the Cycle of Violence Among Youth Living in Metropolitan Atlanta: A Case History of Kids Alive and Loved

More teenagers in the United States die from gunshot wounds than from all natural causes of disease combined. Firearm-related mortality accounts for almost half of all deaths among African American teens. Residents of central cities have the highest probability of experiencing violent crimes. This article describes an innovative community-based intervention designed to break the cycle of violence among youth in metropolitan Atlanta. The intervention, Kids Alive and Loved (KAL), emerged from the African American community as one mother's response to the violent death of her 17-year-old son. The authors describe how her response to tragedy gave birth to a culturally appropriate intervention for youth exposed to violence. This article delineates the evolution of KAL, the role of community partners in the design of the intervention, and how diffusion of innovation theory has implications for understanding the KAL approach to breaking the cycle of violence.
Lead Contamination Adjacent to Roadways in Trujillo, Venezuela

This study analyzes the extent and pattern of lead contamination along roadways in Trujillo, Venezuela, using traffic counts and soil samples collected in the field. The normalized mean lead level for frontyard samples along major traffic arteries was 200 μgg -1 versus 0 μgg-1 for backyard samples. Furthermore 55%of the frontyard lead levels were hazardous, versus 7% of the backyard samples. This suggests a strong relationship between traffic and soil lead content. However, a relationship between lead level spatial patterns and traffic volume patterns was not established, suggesting that factors beyond traffic volume, such as slope and erosion, play a significant role in contamination patterns.
Acceptance of an injury-prevention program in rural communities: a preliminary study.

INTRODUCTION: Considerable attention is being addressed to injury prevention. This study addresses the acceptance of a home injury-prevention survey as an injury-prevention tool in rural communities. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate public acceptance of a home injury-prevention survey as a tool to educate and enlighten the public about home injuries. METHODS: All patients with home injuries who came to Wetzel County Hospital Emergency Department were asked if they would participate in a home injury-prevention survey. The study was conducted from 01 May to 01 July 1995. Paramedics were used as interviewers because of the closeness they enjoy with the community. RESULTS: During the study period, 2,104 patients came to the emergency department of Wetzel County Hospital. Of these, 386 sought care because of an injury sustained in their homes. From this group, 23 (5.9%) patients agreed to participate in a home injury-prevention study; 363 (94.1%) refused. CONCLUSION: A home injury-prevention survey alone does not seem to be an effective tool to aid in the reduction of home injuries, because it is not embraced by the general public. Language: en
Minealocorticoid receptors and 11 beta-steroid dehydrogenase activity in renal principal and intercalated cells

Aldosterone exerts complex effects on the cortical collecting duct (CCD): it increases Na+ and K+ transport, and it also influences H+ and HCO3 transport. Whether these latter effects represent direct action of aldosterone on intercalated cells (ICC) or are secondary to changes in the transport of other electrolytes is unclear. Because the presence of specific receptors is the prerequisite of a direct steroid action, and mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) have not yet been demonstrated in ICC, in this study we determined the density of MR directly in isolated principal cells (PC) and beta-ICC. Purified populations of these two cell types were obtained from rabbit renal cortex by immunodissection and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. We found that both PC and beta-ICC contained a significant number of MR, although receptor density was higher in PC than in beta-ICC (6,704 +/- 912 vs. 2,181 +/- 388 MR sites/cell; P < 0.001). 11 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta-OHSD), an enzyme that is present predominantly in mineralocorticoid target cells, exhibited a distribution similar to that of MR in the two cell types. 11 beta-OHSD activity, determined by measuring the rate of conversion of [3H]corticosterone to 11-dehydrocorticosterone, was 1.08 +/- 0.14 and 0.34 +/- 0.08 fmol.min-1 x 1,000 cells-1 (P < 0.001) in intact PC and beta-ICC, respectively. 11 beta-OHSD in both cell types utilized NAD as cofactor. These results suggest that beta-ICC are potential direct targets of aldosterone and that MR in both PC and beta-ICC are protected by 11 beta-OHSD.
Suicide in the elderly: how to identify and treat patients at risk

Suicide rates among the elderly are the highest of any age group, perhaps as high as double the rate seen in the general population. White men over age 85 are at the greatest risk and are the target of a Healthy People 2000 objective. Aging and the changes it entails can often bring profound loss for older persons at a time when they are least able to handle it. Primary care physicians play a key role in recognizing depression among their elderly patients and in providing appropriate treatment. Therapies include antidepressants, ECT, and counseling. By identifying and treating depression, many suicides can be prevented.
The insidious dogma of deterrence

Deterrence theory has led to many of the West's foreign policy difficulties. The real danger of war lies in the adversarial nature of the U.S.-Soviet relationship, not in the size and shape of nuclear arsenals.
Thin-film Micro-Batteries Based on Metal Nanoparticles

We proposed the use of Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) nanoparticles as the electrodes for thin-film microbatteries in the applications of micro-scale sensors. Compared to the widely used lithium-based batteries, Cu and Zn nanoparticles are less expensive, less prone to oxidation (thus involving simpler fabrication steps) and flammability, safe to use, and only requires very simple fabrication processes.Even though the voltage output is inherently smaller (∼1V) than conventional lithium-based batteries, it is sufficient for low-voltage Integrated Circuits (IC) technologies such as 130 nm and 90 nm channel length transistor processes. Commercial paper will be used as the separator to demonstrate the battery capacity. Paper that acts as the separator is slurry-casted with nanoparticles (30-40 nm in size) on both sides. The thickness of the metal nanoparticles-coated thin films and the paper separator are 1 μm and 100 μm, respectively. The electrodes were developed to achieve high conductivity (lower than 1 (Ω·cm) -1 ) with smooth surface, good adhesion, and flexibility. The metal nanoparticles will be formulated to slurry solutions for screen printing or ink-jet printing for the battery fabrication. For fabrication purposes, the slurries viscosity is approximately in the range of 10-12 cPs at the operating temperature, a surface tension between 28-33 dynes/cm. During the fabrication process including printing/coating and sintering, reductive environment is required to minimize the oxidation. AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) and EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) results will be employed to demonstrate the surface morphology as well as the percentages of metal oxides. Batteries will be tested with and without an ionic liquid for comparison. Humidity effects on the battery performance will also be discussed. Different geometries that are designed to make the batteries with higher voltage or charge will be proposed. Characterization results will include the open-circuit voltage, dielectric property, charging and discharging curve, capacitance and capacity, AFM of the surface test, EDS of the electrodes and the SEM (Scanning Electron microscopy) of the particles.Ourresearch suggest that conductive paper can be scalable and could make high-performance energy storage and conversion devices at low cost and would bring new opportunities for advanced applications.
Epidemiological analysis of pathogenic detection result of HFMD cases in Ningbo,Zhejiang province,China

Objective:To investigate epidemiological features of the pathogen of HFMD in Ningbo,which may provide reference for preventing and controlling the HFMD.Methods: 446 samples were collected from clinically diagnosed cases with HFMD,real-time quantitative RT-PCR or RT-PCR were carried out for nucleinic acid identification and typing.Results: Among the 446 clinical samples,346(77.58%)cases were tested positive,the proportion of male and female in the cases of HFMD was 2.035∶ 1.The peak of HFMD was in late spring and early summer.There were 191 cases of EV71 positive;121 cases of CoxA16 positive;13 cases of CoxA6 positive;7 cases of CoxA10 positive;4 cases of CoxA12 and ECHO9 positive;2 cases of CoxA2 positive;1 cases of CoxA4、CoxB1、CoxB4 and other enterovirus positive.EV71 was the dominant pathogen of the HFMD in Ningbo in 2009-2010(P0.05).Conclusion: The HFMD was mainly caused by EV71(55.20%)and CoxA16(34.98%)in Ningbo and showed characteristics of diversified and complicated.EV71 was the major enterovirus causing HFMD severe cases.
Non-invasive diffuse correlation tomography reveals spatial and temporal blood flow differences in murine bone grafting approaches

Longitudinal blood flow during murine bone graft healing was monitored non-invasively using diffuse correlation tomography. The system utilized spatially dense data from a scanning set-up, non-linear reconstruction, and micro-CT anatomical information. Weekly in vivo measurements were performed. Blood flow changes in autografts, which heal successfully, were localized to graft regions and consistent across mice. Poor healing allografts showed heterogeneous blood flow elevation and high inter-subject variabilities. Allografts with tissue-engineered periosteum showed responses intermediate to both autografts and allografts, consistent with healing observed. These findings suggest that spatiotemporal blood flow changes can be utilized to differentiate the degree of bone graft healing.
Adaptive Space-Time Multiband-OFDM UWB Scheme with OFDM-Based Channel Models

In this paper, we propose an adaptive space-time (ST) multiband (MB) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme for the ultra-wideband (UWB) systems to exploit both the spatial and spectral diversity of the rich multipath indoor fading channels. First, due to the quasi-static characteristics of the UWB indoor fading channels and the specific band-hopping patterns designed for supporting multiple simultaneously operated piconets (SOPs), the adaptive ST scheme needs to be designed with the band-hopping patterns when the channel state information (CSI) is available to the OFDM transmitter. In addition, for the UWB indoor fading channels with rich multipath information, an equivalent OFDM-based channel model is obtained through an iterative channel modeling method. Based on this OFDM-based channel models, we can find that the UWB indoor line-of-sight (LOS) scenario is quite different from an outdoor narrowband (NB) LOS scenario which is usually referred to as the Ricean fading.This channel model may also reduce the CSI feedback compared with the channel frequency response (CFR)-based method. Numerical results show that our adaptive ST MB-OFDM scheme can yield appreciable power gain over the non-adaptive (Alamouti) scheme.
Risk of peritoneal carcinomatosis in localized gastric adenocarcinoma patients who undergo preoperative therapy and attempted surgery.

104Background: Positive peritoneal cytology (+PCyt) or gross peritoneal carcinomatosis (GPC) carries a poor prognosis. Laparoscopic staging to detect +PCyt/GPC is recommended for all ≥T1b GACs. The...
Proactive Management of Microgrids for Resiliency Enhancement: An Adaptive Robust Approach

Deploying microgrids ( $\boldsymbol {\mu G} \text{s}$ ) with the capability of islanding and self-supply can considerably enhance power system resilience in coping with weather events. To this end, practical methods are needed in order to operationally position and manage the $\boldsymbol {\mu G}$ to optimally control its resources and minimize the risk in the face of such disturbances. This paper proposes a two-stage adaptive robust formulation for $\boldsymbol {\mu G}$ predisturbance scheduling to minimize the damaging consequences of islanding events. The approach considers different uncertainties and obtains the best day-ahead schedule for the $\boldsymbol {\mu G}$ , which is robust against realization of uncertain parameters. An appropriate decomposition strategy, called column-and-constraint generation algorithm, is adopted to efficiently solve the problem, and “budget of uncertainty” parameters are introduced to control the conservatism of the robust solution. The effectiveness of the novel framework is evaluated and discussed on a $\boldsymbol {\mu G}$ using a set of illustrative case studies. The simulations show that the framework mitigates the huge cost of load shedding at the expense of a small increase in the predisturbance preparation cost. The advantages of our model are particularly remarkable when a weather event will come through, and a significant level of uncertainty exists.
Age-Specific Reduction in German Cockroach (Blattoidea: Blattellidae) Populations Exposed to Diflubenzuron

The chitin synthesis inhibitor, diflubenzuron, caused age-specific reductions among populations of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), in test arenas (122 by 122 by 30.5 cm). Diflubenzu...
LMO2 (LIM Domain Only 2) and Endothelial Cell Migration in Developmental and Postnatal Angiogenesis

As quoted by the famous astronomer Carl Sagan, “the absence of evidence is not the evidence of absence” (http://wiki.c2.com/?AbsenceOfEvidenceIsNotEvidenceOfAbsence) is the logical corollary that conclusions should not be drawn when a direct test for the presence of evidence cannot be made. This applies to the article by Matrone et al1 in this issue of Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology , where the authors delineated a novel signaling pathway within the domain of endothelial migration. LMO2 (LIM domain only 2) was first discovered as a recurrent translocation partner of T-cell receptor loci in a subset of patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in 1981.2,3 Studies on LMO2 have now shown that LMO2 functions as a proto-oncogenic gene not only in T cells but also in hematopoiesis, vascular remodeling, and stem cell biology.4–9 Matrone et al1 showed that LMO2 levels in zebrafish embryos regulate intersegmental vessel (ISV) formation. The evidence for a migration defect is the absence of endothelial cells in ISVs in the elegant photomicrographs. Of course direct visualization of the lack of endothelial migration cannot be presented. See accompanying article on page 1860 In transgenic zebrafish that express enhanced GFP (green fluorescent protein; under the control of Fli1 [friend leukemia integration 1 transcription factor]) in the vasculature (Tg(fli1:EGFP)y1),10 the authors show that total proliferating endothelial cells were not different in the LMO2 inhibited embryos versus controls, but GFP+ endothelial-like cells accumulate in the larger conduits with lesser numbers in connecting ISVs allowing the conclusion of impaired migration into the ISVs. Using a stable human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) line deficient …
Student perceptions and comfort with content in a women’s health elective utilising team based learning versus lecture delivery

Objective: Team based learning (TBL) is a form of active learning that focuses on teamwork, student accountability, and team application exercises. The purpose of this research was to compare students’ perceptions in knowledge and comfort making recommendations, students’ perceptions of traditional lecture versus TBL delivery methods, and overall course grades in a women’s health elective delivered with traditional lectures versus TBL. Methods: Pre- and post-course surveys were administered to assess students’ perceptions related to women’s health topics. Results: Ninety-two students completed surveys. Overall, perceived comfort levels improved regardless of course delivery method. There were no significant differences in course grades. Students in the TBL based course overwhelmingly preferred lecture delivery in the post-survey. Conclusion : Student comfort level with women’s health topics significantly increased regardless of course delivery method without significant change in student grades. Students may be resistant to incorporating team-based, active learning due to the increased accountability and out of class work.
Conspicuous Reviewing: Affiliation with High-status Organizations as a Motivation for Writing Online Reviews:

The vast amount of reviews available online presents a paradox: Why do reviewers spend hours writing them? Here we demonstrate in three studies that one reason people write online reviews is to bol...
Against epistemic partiality in friendship: value-reflecting reasons

It has been alleged that the demands of friendship conflict with the norms of epistemology—in particular, that there are cases in which the moral demands of friendship would require one to give a friend the benefit of the doubt, and thereby come to believe something in violation of ordinary epistemic standards on justified or responsible belief (Baker in Pac Philos Q 68:1–13, 1987; Keller in Philos Pap 33(3):329–351, 2004; Stroud in Ethics 116(3):498–524, 2006; Hazlett in A luxury of the understanding: on the value of true belief, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2013). The burden of this paper is to explain these appearances away. I contend that the impression of epistemic partiality in friendship dissipates once we acknowledge the sorts of practical and epistemic reasons that are generated by our values: value-reflecting reasons. The present proposal has several virtues: it requires fewer substantial commitments than other proposals seeking to resist the case for epistemic partiality (in particular, it eschews both Pragmatic Encroachment and Epistemic Permissivism); it is independently motivated, as it cites a phenomenon—value-reflecting reasons—we have independent reasons to accept; it provides a single, unified account of how various features of friendship bear on belief-formation; and makes clear how it is the very value we place on friendship itself that ensures against epistemic partiality.
Chemical Defenses of Insects: A Rich Resource for Chemical Biology in the Tropics

Insects make up the largest and most diverse group of organisms on earth, contributing to as much as 80–90% of the world’s biodiversity. Approximately 950,000 species of insects have been described; some estimate there are 4,000,000+ species in total. Over 70% of drugs on the market are derived from natural compounds. However, insects are one of the least explored groups in drug discovery. The world adds about 70 million people each year. In this chapter you will find: (1) an introduction to the topic of arthropod chemical biodiversity and chemical defense; (2) a brief discussion on various uses of insect chemistry by various cultures; (3) an overview of insect venoms and other chemical defense studies, with a case study on methods utilized to analyze ant venoms; (4) a short discussion on the importance of preserving tropical habitats for bioprospecting; (5) a review of research on stick insect (Order Phasmatodea) chemical defenses, stick insects as a model for biosynthesis studies and my personal experiences with the editors of this book and 2008 PASI workshop in Peru which resulted in this chapter; (6) an overview of examples from the literature of insect-derived substances with medicinally relevant biological properties such as toxins and antibiotics; (7) a brief description of the importance of studying biosynthetic pathways in insects and other organisms from whence valuable natural products are identified and (8) a list of recommended literature which I expect would be of particular interest to the readers of this chapter.
Clinical Relevance of Immunologic Phenotype in Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma

The immunologic phenotypes of 78 diffuse large cell lymphomas were determined by an immunoperoxidase technique using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. The phenotypes were correlated with clinical and morphological parameters by univariate and multivariate analysis. Forty- one lymphomas (53%) expressed immunoglobulin (Ig+). Of the 37 cases that did not express immunoglobulin (Ig-), 9 expressed T cell antigens. Although the T cell phenotypes were antigenically heterogeneous, all cases represented mature T cell phenotypes. The majority of the remaining 28 cases expressed the B cell-associated antigen, B1. At 5 yr, actuarial survival for the Ig- patients was 63%, compared with 15% for the Ig+ patients. A significantly greater proportion of patients with Ig+ lymphomas were over the age of 65 at diagnosis. All of the 9 patients with marrow involvement were Ig+. Multiple factors were analyzed by the Cox regression procedure for their impact on survival, including antigenic profile, histologic grade, morphological classification, and numerous clinical parameters previously recognized to be of prognostic significance. In this analysis, stage, age greater than 65 yr, systemic symptoms, and marrow involvement had the greatest influence on survival. The survival difference between Ig- and Ig+ patients is explained by a higher proportion of Ig+ patients with these unfavorable prognostic factors. With our current immunologic methods, retrospective cell phenotyping analysis has not provided independent prognostic significance in diffuse large cell lymphoma. A prospective evaluation of similarly treated patients is needed to characterize the influence of phenotype fully and to determine its potential usefulness for therapy.
Ecological sorting and character displacement contribute to the structure of communities of Clarkia species.

Despite long-standing interest in the evolutionary ecology of plants that share pollinators, few studies have explored how these interactions may affect communities during both community assembly (ecological sorting) and through ongoing, in situ evolution (character displacement), and how the effects of these interactions may change with community context. To determine if communities display patterns consistent with ecological sorting, we assessed the frequency of co-occurrence of four species of Clarkia in the southern Sierra foothills (Kern County, CA, USA). To investigate potential character displacement, we measured pollination-related traits on plants grown in a greenhouse common garden from seed collected in communities with one, two or four Clarkia species. Among the four species of Clarkia in this region, the two species that are often found in multi-species communities also co-occur with one another more frequently than expected under a null model. This pattern is consistent with ecological sorting, although further investigation is needed to determine the role of pollinators in shaping community assembly. Patterns of trait variation in a common garden suggest that these two species have diverged in floral traits and converged in flowering time where they co-occur, which is consistent with character displacement. Trait variation across community types also suggests that the process and outcome of character displacement may vary with community context. Because community context appears to affect both the direction and magnitude of character displacement, change in more species-rich communities may not be predictable from patterns of change in simpler communities.
Black faces, black spaces: Rethinking African American underrepresentation in wildland spaces and outdoor recreation:

The Wilderness Act of 1964 defines wilderness as “an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain”. It goes on to limit ...
Pixel-by-pixel absolute phase retrieval assisted by an additional three-dimensional scanner.

This paper presents a novel absolute phase unwrapping method assisted by a low-cost three-dimensional (3D) scanner. The proposed absolute phase unwrapping method leverages a low-cost 3D scanner to capture rough 3D data of the scene and transforms the rough 3D data to the world coordinate system to generate an artificial reference phase map ϕ ref . By referring to ϕ ref , we can do absolute phase unwrapping directly without projecting any additional patterns, such that the digital fringe projection (DFP) system can achieve higher measurement speed. We develop a multiresolution system consisting of a DFP system and a Kinect V2 to validate our method. Experiments demonstrate that our method works for a large depth range, and the speed of the low-cost 3D scanner is not necessarily the maximum speed of our proposed method. Assisted by the Kinect V2, whose maximum speed is only 30 Hz, our DFP system achieves 53 Hz with a resolution 1600×1000 pixels when we measure dynamic objects that are moving in a large depth range of 400 mm.
Brief Scale of Financial Hardship After Brain Injury (BSFH-BI).

This scale is an addendum to the authors’ previously published article, described below:Article title: Financial hardship after traumatic brain injury: a brief scale for family caregiversAuthors: S...
Increasing Social Participation Using a Shared-Reading Peer-Mediated Intervention in Students with Autism

Peer-mediated interventions (PMIs) have been established as an evidence-based practice for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet few studies of this intervention have included students with ASD considered to be significantly impacted by the disorder. In the present study, a shared-reading PMI employing a three-step strategy including visual supports and token reinforcement was used to increase social interactions between four first and second grade participants with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) requiring substantial and very substantial support and 12 second grade participants with typical development (TD). A reversal design (ABAB) was used with sessions held twice a week over 2 months to measure social participation of participants during baseline and intervention phases. During intervention sessions, participants with ASD and TD were taught to stay, read, and talk with their buddies about a story. Visual analysis of graphical data and percent of all nonoverlapping data (PAND) effect size estimates indicated that all four participants with ASD increased social participation with typical peers over baseline measures, with two of the four participants with ASD increasing social participation to levels commensurate or surpassing that of participants with TD; however, two participants with ASD did not follow the expected reversal pattern. Additionally, three of four participants with ASD showed modest increases in initiations to peers. These results provide information about the use of PMI with participants with ASD requiring substantial and very substantial support, and the practicality of this intervention holds promise for sustainable use of PMI with this population in public-school settings.
Monolayer graphene chemiresistive biosensor for rapid bacteria detection in a microchannel

Abstract Bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), can cause food poisoning and serious diseases. In fact, E. coli has emerged multiple times as a severe public health concern in recent years. Therefore, it is important to detect bacteria like E. coli in simple, rapid and sensitive approaches. In this study, a gate-free chemiresistive biosensor based on monolayer graphene (MG) is proposed to detect E. coli, thanks to the high sensitivity stemming from the anti-E. coli antibody-coated graphene. The immobilization of the antibodies is performed via streptavidin and biotin conjugation on the graphene surface. Compared to conventional bacterial biosensors, the proposed chemiresistive biosensor captures the E. coli bacteria on the surface of the sensor and performs the detection through electric readouts, other than optical signals. That is the resistance measured in the biosensor increases along with the increase of concentration of the bacteria. To further extend the capabilities of this biosensor and provide a controllable test flow, a microchannel is integrated on the graphene surface. The results show that the developed chemiresistive biosensor is able to detect E. coli in trace concentration down to 12 cfu mL−1, indicating an excellent sensing performance. The proposed monolayer graphene based chemiresistive biosensor clearly manifest its advantages of low-cost, ease of fabrication, portability and good sensitivity, as well as the potential for rapid in-situ bacterial detection.