cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Process Parameters on Twin Wire Arc Sprayed Steel Coatings

There has been a growing interest in additive manufacturing technologies for the protection and repair of metallic structural components. Among the proposed techniques, the twin wire arc spraying process offers the advantage of high deposition rates coupled with process robustness and versatility. The fundamental materials science of these sprayed coatings is surprisingly still under-explored, and depositions with enhanced mechanical properties should be achievable with this additive technique given its high temperature and rapid quench rates. Motivated by these considerations, we performed a study on the deposition of steel coatings using a twin wire arc spraying system. An array of dense steel coatings was fabricated using compressed air and altering process conditions to include variations in carrier gas pressure, standoff distance, and torch power. Coating structure and morphology were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy, while energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy was used to assess elemental composition. Vickers hardness was measured on coating cross sections. Correlations were made between process conditions and coating morphology, microstructure, element content, and hardness. Two distinct lamellae regions of varying oxide content and hardness were observed throughout the coatings. The influence of process conditions on coating density and deposition rate is also discussed.
Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy for Unresectable or Metastatic Sarcoma Lesions Provides Durable Tumor Control and Effective Palliation.

Purpose/objective(s) Given the relative radioresistance of sarcomas and their often large size, conventional palliative radiation therapy (RT) provides limited tumor control and poor symptom relief. In select patients that warranted dose-escalated treatment, we have used hypofractionated (HF) RT as a strategy to affect durable control of targeted lesions. We evaluated this treatment approach in a sarcoma cohort. Materials/methods We retrospectively reviewed 73 consecutive patients with sarcoma who received > 10 fractions of HFRT from 2017-2020. Clinical scenarios included: 1) palliative intent (34%), 2) an unresectable primary (27%), 3) or oligometastatic (16%) or 4) oligoprogressive (23%) disease. Results The median follow-up was 9 months (m) (interquartile range [IQR] 5-13). The HFRT target was a primary tumor in 64% of patients. Most tumors were of soft tissue origin (73%) and the median target size was 7cm (IQR 4-12). Prior to HFRT, most tumors were radiographically progressing (77%). The median HFRT dose to the GTV was 45 Gy (IQR 42-45) over a median of 15 once daily fractions with 59% of patients receiving ≥45 Gy. For 27% of cases, heterogeneity of dose was planned to increase the central tumor to a median of 52.5 Gy (IQR 48-52.5). The 1-year DSS was 59%, which was more favorable for patients receiving HFRT for oligometastatic (1-y 100%) or oligoprogressive (1-y 73%) disease (P = 0.001). The 1-y targeted lesional control (TLC) was 73% with 26% developing progression at a median time of 7.5 m (IQR, 5.5-13). A metastatic target (1-y 95% vs 60% primary, P = 0.02; HR 0.27, P = 0.04) and soft tissue origin (1-y 78% vs 61% bone, P = 0.01; HR 0.33, P = 0.02) were associated with better TLC on univariate and multivariable analyses. The rate of distant failure was high with a 6-month DMFS of only 43%. HFRT use for unresectable (P Conclusion HFRT is an effective treatment strategy for patients with unresectable or metastatic sarcoma to provide durable TLC, symptom relief, and meaningful systemic therapy breaks with limited toxicity. Patients with unresectable or oligo-metastatic/progressive disease benefited from longer systemic therapy breaks and lower rates of distant relapse. If overall disease control is the primary goal for HFRT, patient selection remains crucial as distant relapse is high.
Improved Learning Bounds for Branch-and-Cut

Branch-and-cut is the most widely used algorithm for solving integer programs, employed by commercial solvers like CPLEX and Gurobi. Branch-and-cut has a wide variety of tunable parameters that have a huge impact on the size of the search tree that it builds, but are challenging to tune by hand. An increasingly popular approach is to use machine learning to tune these parameters: using a training set of integer programs from the application domain at hand, the goal is to find a configuration with strong predicted performance on future, unseen integer programs from the same domain. If the training set is too small, a configuration may have good performance over the training set but poor performance on future integer programs. In this paper, we prove sample complexity guarantees for this procedure, which bound how large the training set should be to ensure that for any configuration, its average performance over the training set is close to its expected future performance. Our guarantees apply to parameters that control the most important aspects of branch-and-cut: node selection, branching constraint selection, and cutting plane selection, and are sharper and more general than those found in prior research.
A (partial) resolution of binding enthalpy discrepancies in ITC studies of Ba2+crown ether complexation: The importance of calibration.

By conducting binding experiments at a range of temperatures T using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), one can obtain two estimates of the binding enthalpy - calorimetric (ΔH°cal) from the experiments at each T, and van't Hoff (ΔH°vH) from the T dependence of the binding constant K°. From thermodynamics it is clear that these two must be identical, but early efforts to demonstrate this for ITC data indicated significant inconsistency. In an extensive 2004 study of the Ba2+ + 18-crown-6 ether complexation used in prior comparisons, Mizoue and Tellinghuisen found modest (10-20%) but statistically significant differences, which were tentatively attributed to problems converting the calorimetric estimates to their standard state values, as implied by the superscript ° in the notation. In the present work the 2004 results are reanalyzed using results obtained since then from temperature, heat, and volume calibration of the instrument and a better determination of the data variance function required for the weighted least-squares fitting of the data. The new results show consistency for temperatures 5-30 °C but persistent statistically significant differences from 35-46 °C. Several possible explanations for the remaining discrepancies are examined, with methods that include fitting the K and ΔHcal data together.
Complications of Flap Surgery

As with any other type of surgery, there are complications specific to flap surgery and there are other complications that are general in nature. The author’s experience in dealing with this type of surgery is that there are particular factors that play an important role in developing these specific flap complications. These specific factors differ from other specialities of surgery because of the patients’ primary disease. Complications in flap surgery can result in medico-legal issues. Plastic surgeons are responsible for their actions and can be sued by the patient for these complications in malpractice cases that sometimes reach a court of law.
Chapter 43 Analog estimation of econometric models

Abstract Suppose that one wants to estimate a parameter characterizing some feature of a specified population. One has some prior information about the population and a random sample of observations. A widely applicable approach is to estimate the parameter by a sample analog; that is, by a statistic having the same properties in the sample as the parameter does in the population. If there is no such statistic, then one may choose an estimate that, in some well-defined sense, makes the known properties of the population hold as closely as possible in the sample. These are analog estimation methods. This chapter surveys some uses of analog methods to estimate two classes of econometric models, the separable and the response models.
Criterion-Referenced Language Testing

Ch1Alternate Paradigms Ch2 Curriculum-related Testing Ch 3 Criterion-referenced Test Items Ch4 Basic Descriptive and Item Statistics for Criterion-referenced Tests Ch5 Reliability, Dependability, and Unidimensionality Ch6Validity of Criterion-referenced Tests Ch 7Administering and Giving Feedback on Criterion-referenced Tests
A perpendicular head design for an areal density of 1 Tbpsi

Summary form only given. A novel perpendicular recording head consisting of write pole, collector pole and soft underlayer has been conceived and developed using a 3D self consistent micromagnetic model. The head has been designed to yield an areal density of 1 terabits/in/sup 2/. To achieve such ultra high areal density, the recording head is required to write on a 50 nm wide track. Taking the technological roadmap into consideration, the specifications were set for the medium thickness to be 25 nm and air bearing spacing equal to 5 nm. Reluctance arguments show that the presence of a recording medium of relative permeability 2-3 effectively reduces the vertical distance between head and soft underlayer to 15 nm. The proposed recording head consists of a probe type pole tip of higher saturation M/sub s/ of 24 kG, protruding from a large drive head of smaller saturation M/sub s/ of 10 kG. The design is based on the premise that the drive head provides the bulk of the writing field and the pole tip enhances the field gradient. The head geometry and the magnetic parameters have been varied to yield an optimum design in terms of peak field, peak field gradient and thermal stability.
Heterotopic ossification and peripheral nerve entrapment: Early diagnosis and excision

Heterotopic ossification can occur in neurologic disorders, burns, musculoskeletal trauma, and metabolic disorders. In addition to producing the complications of contracture, skin breakdown, and pain, it can cause peripheral nerve entrapment. Nerve entrapment due to heterotopic ossification may be misdiagnosed, and it is difficult to evaluate and treat without recurrence. Computed tomography is especially useful in localization before surgical release of the entrapped nerve. Resection of heterotopic ossification can be successful using disodium etidronate to decrease the risk of recurrence, and resection can improve range of motion and nerve function. Two case studies of nerve entrapment due to heterotopic ossification are presented with the results of computed tomography localization, successful resection, and long-term follow-up. Clinicians should be aware of this complication and the potential for rapid nerve injury. If heterotopic ossification is causing clinically significant peripheral nerve entrapment, early surgical treatment may be indicated, and may be successful.
Evaluation of emergence delirium in Asian children using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale.

Summary Background: Emergence delirium (ED) is a common problem in children recovering from general anesthesia. ED causes disruption in the postanesthetic care unit, making nursing and monitoring more difficult, and is potentially dangerous to the child. The greatest hindrance to understanding ED was the lack of a standardized tool to assess it. The Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) Scale was recently described to measure the degree of ED in children. In this prospective observational study, we sought to evaluate the incidence of ED by grading emergence behavior using the PAED Score in healthy Asian children undergoing outpatient surgery. Methods: Three hundred sixteen children aged 2–12 years undergoing general anesthesia for elective outpatient surgery were included. No premedication was administered. Induction behavior was graded using the induction compliance checklist, and the presence of any excitation on induction documented. Emergence behavior was recorded using the PAED Scale, and the children were separately assessed for clinical agitation. Results: One hundred and thirty-six children (43%) had PAED Scores >0 and 33 (10.4%) had PAED Scores of ≥10. Only 28 children (8.9%) had clinical agitation consistent with ED, the rest were agitated for other reasons. A score of ≥10 on the PAED Scale was the best discriminator between presence and absence of clinical agitation. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for PAED Score of ≥10 was 0.98, with a true-positive rate (sensitivity) of 0.85 and a false-positive rate (1-specificity) of 0.041. Four factors were found to be predictive of ED. These include young age, poor compliance at induction, lack of intraoperative fentanyl use and rapid time to awakening. Conclusions: The incidence of ED is approximately 10% in our population of healthy, unpremedicated Asian children undergoing day surgery. Young age, poor compliance at induction, lack of intraoperative fentanyl use and rapid time to awakening were predictive risk factors for ED in our population. A PAED Score of ≥10 was correlated with clinically significant ED and appeared to be the ideal cutoff score for ED.
A Hierarchical Genetic Algorithm for System Identification and Curve Fitting with a Supercomputer Implementation

This paper describes a hierarchical genetic algorithm (GA) framework for identifying closed form functions for multi-variate data sets. The hierarchy begins with an upper GA that searches for appropriate functional forms given a user defined set of primitives and the candidate independent variables. Each functional form is encoded as a tree structure, where variables, coefficients and functional primitives are linked. The functional forms are sent to the second part of the hierarchy, the lower GA, that optimizes the coefficients of the function according to the data set and the chosen error metric. To avoid undue complication of the functional form identified by the upper GA, a penalty function is used in the calculation of fitness. Because of the computational effort required for this sequential optimization of each candidate function, the system has been implemented on a Cray supercomputer. The GA code was vectorized for parallel processing of 128 array elements, which greatly speeded the calculation of fitness. The system is demonstrated on five data sets from the literature. It is shown that this hierarchical GA framework identifies functions which fit the data extremely well, are reasonable in functional form, and interpolate and extrapolate well.
Images and Level Sets of Additive Random Walks

We define ℕo={0,1,...}and say that a stochastic process X ={X(n); n ∈ ℕ0 N} is an N-parameter, ℤd-valued, additive random walk, if there are N independent random walks X1, ... , X N on Zd, such that $$X(n)={X_1}({n_1})+\cdots+{X_N}({n_N}),n\in N_0^N.$$ Here, nj denotes the jth coordinate of n ∈ ℕ0 N and we are following the standard convention of starting our (ordinary) random walks at the origin. That is, Xj (0) = 0 for all j = 1, … ,N. From now on, N will always denote the temporal dimension and d the spatial one, in accordance with the conventional language of stochastic processes.
Theoretical dissociation energies for ionic molecules

Ab initio calculations at the self-consistent-field and singles plus doubles configuration-interaction level are used to determine accurate spectroscopic parameters for most of the alkali and alkaline-earth fluorides, chlorides, oxides, sulfides, hydroxides, and isocyanides. Numerical Hartree-Fock (NHF) calculations are performed on selected systems to ensure that the extended Slater basis sets employed for the diatomic systems are near the Hartree-Fock limit. Extended Gaussian basis sets of at least triple-zeta plus double polarization equality are employed for the triatomic system. With this model, correlation effects are relatively small, but invariably increase the theoretical dissociation energies. The importance of correlating the electrons on both the anion and the metal is discussed. The theoretical dissociation energies are critically compared with the literature to rule out disparate experimental values. Theoretical (sup 2)Pi - (sup 2)Sigma (sup +) energy separations are presented for the alkali oxides and sulfides.
Absorption of sulfate from orally administered magnesium sulfate in man

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the suitability of orally administered magnesium sulfate as a source of inorganic sulfate for counteracting the systemic depletion of sulfate caused by large doses of acetaminophen and certain other drugs that are metabolized to sulfate conjugates. Oral administration of 13.9 g magnesium sulfate U.S.P., in 4 equal hourly increments, to seven healthy men resulted in the urinary excretion (corrected for baseline excretion rate) of an amount of inorganic sulfate equivalent to 30.2 +/- 17.2 percent (mean +/- SD) of the dose during the first 24 hours. Excretion during the subsequent 48 hours was negligible. Six of the subjects experienced loose stools or diarrhea. Compared to sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate appears to be absorbed less completely and more erratically, and to produce more adverse effects.
The histogenesis of myxedema.

THE existence of an extracellular interfibrillar mucinous substance in the dermis and other connective tissues of patients with a deficiency of thyroid hormone has been well known for many years (1–3). However, it remained for Watson and Pearce (4), in their investigations of localized myxedema, to demonstrate that the extracellular material present in these lesions was composed of the acid polysaccharides, chondroitin-sulfuric acid and hyaluronic acid, mixed with, or in some form of combination with proteins. That the degree of myxedema, i.e., the amount of mucinous material in the skin, is related to the severity and the duration of hypothyroidism is apparent from clinical observations. However, it has not been possible hitherto to ascertain directly the length of time required for development of the cutaneous changes, nor to follow the disappearance of the myxedema following the administration of desiccated thyroid. The study of serial biopsy specimens obtained with an electrically driven biopsy punch ...
Favorable outcome in a pregnancy with complete fetal heart block and severe bradycardia.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Pregnancies complicated by congenital heart block usually have a poor prognosis when there is severe fetal bradycardia. CASE: We present a pregnancy with fetal heart rate of 40 beats per minute. She previously delivered a child with third-degree heart block by cesarean at 28 weeks. This pregnancy was complicated by a high ribonucleoprotein antibody anti-Ro/SSA titer and fetal bradycardia. The patient was treated with steroids and β-mimetics. The fetus continued to grow normally with reassuring biophysical profiles. After fetal lung maturity documentation at 34 weeks, she delivered by repeat cesarean a healthy 2349-g infant who required a permanent pacemaker. CONCLUSION: Reassuring antepartum testing and normal growth in pregnant women with anti-Ro/SSA antibodies and congenital heart block may allow expectant management until fetal maturity.
A Test for Asymmetry Associated with the Hodges-Lehmann Estimator

Abstract One version of the Hodges-Lehmann estimator, = median{(Xi + Xj )/2, 1 ≤ i, j ≤ n}, is also the minimum distance estimator derived from a particular Cramer-von Mises distance. This distance evaluated at , that is, the minimized distance, provides a natural statistic for testing asymmetry of the underlying distribution.
Temperature Dependence of the Magnetic Excitations in Nickel

The spin-wave excitations for nickel have been measured at a series of temperatures between 4.2 and 715\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. It is found that the spin waves change very little in character even at 80\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} above the Curie point. A sudden decrease in the spin-wave intensity at about 80 meV, interpreted as the intersection of the spin-wave spectra with a continuum band of Stoner excitations, is also found to be quite temperature independent.
Approximate String Membership Checking: A Multiple Filter, Optimization-Based Approach

We consider the approximate string membership checking (ASMC) problem of extracting all the strings or sub strings in a document that approximately match some string in a given dictionary. To solve this problem, the current state-of-art approach involves first applying an approximate, fast filter, then applying a more expensive exact verification algorithm to the strings that pass the filter. Correspondingly, many string filters have been proposed. We note that different filters are good at eliminating different strings, depending on the characteristics of the strings in both the documents and the dictionary. We suspect that no single filter will dominate all other filters everywhere. Given an ASMC problem instance and a set of string filters, we need to select the optimal filter to maximize the performance. Furthermore, in our experiments we found that in some cases a sequence of filters dominates any of the filters of the sequence in isolation, and that the best set of filters and their ordering depend upon the specific problem instance encountered. Accordingly, we propose that the approximate match problem be viewed as an optimization problem, and evaluate a number of techniques for solving this optimization problem.
Russia's waterborne trade and transport: issues in market transformation

During the Soviet era most of the Union's international non-oil trade was transported over water. Following the former Soviet Union's break-up, the share of water transport in accomodating Russia's trade has become modest, as the railways carry most goods that are traded domestically or with the new republics of the Commonwealth of Independence States, which are now treated as foreign countries. Adjusting the Russian Federation's water transport industry and related infrastructure to the changed geo-political and regional economic conditions proves difficult. While the country inherited a fair share of the former Soviet merchant fleet, it is deprived of port assets which were originally built to serve all-Union trades but are now located in other republics of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Major reforms are required to streamline the provision of port services and the ports' commercial performance. The Russian Government took several steps in 1992 which effectively put the national water transpor...
Histological correlates to pig gastrointestinal wall layers imaged in vitro with the magnetic resonance endoscope.

Abstract BACKGROUND & AIMS: The magnetic resonance endoscope consists of a nonferromagnetic endoscope with a receiver coil incorporated into its tip. The aim of this study was to define the anatomic correlates of the gastrointestinal wall layers imaged in vitro with the magnetic resonance endoscope. METHODS: Twenty-two tissue specimens from various segments of the porcine gastrointestinal tract were imaged with the magnetic resonance endoscope using up to four different scanning sequences. Cyanoacrylate, serving as a marker, was randomly injected into the tissue strips before imaging. Histological sections were then compared with the magnetic resonance images. RESULTS: T1-weighted spin echo sequences yielded the highest image quality and typically showed three wall layers that corresponded to distinct histological layers. The mucosa showed high signal intensity, the submucosa low signal intensity, and the muscularis propria an intermediate signal intensity. In the esophagus and rectum, the muscularis propria could be visualized as separate circular and longitudinal layers. CONCLUSIONS: In vitro imaging with the magnetic resonance endoscope shows three to five wall layers of the porcine gastrointestinal tract depending on the segment scanned. This degree of gut wall resolution suggests that endoscopic magnetic resonance imaging may have potential for local staging of gastrointestinal tumors. (Gastroenterology 1997 May;112(5):1568-74)
Virulence phenotypes of low-passage clinical isolates of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae assessed using the chinchilla laniger model of otitis media

The nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) are associated with a spectrum of respiratory mucosal infections including: acute otitis media (AOM); chronic otitis media with effusion (COME); otorrhea; locally invasive diseases such as mastoiditis; as well as a range of systemic disease states, suggesting a wide range of virulence phenotypes. Genomic studies have demonstrated that each clinical strain contains a unique genic distribution from a population-based supragenome, the distributed genome hypothesis. These diverse clinical and genotypic findings suggest that each NTHi strain possesses a unique set of virulence factors that contributes to the course of the disease. The local and systemic virulence patterns of ten genomically characterized low-passage clinical NTHi strains (PittAA – PittJJ) obtained from children with COME or otorrhea were stratified using the chinchilla model of otitis media (OM). Each isolate was used to bilaterally inoculate six animals and thereafter clinical assessments were carried out daily for 8 days by blinded observers. There was no statistical difference in the time it took for any of the 10 NTHi strains to induce otologic (local) disease with respect to any or all of the other strains, however the differences in time to maximal local disease and the severity of local disease were both significant between the strains. Parameters of systemic disease indicated that the strains were not all equivalent: time to development of the systemic disease, maximal systemic scores and mortality were all statistically different among the strains. PittGG induced 100% mortality while PittBB, PittCC, and PittEE produced no mortality. Overall Pitt GG, PittII, and Pitt FF produced the most rapid and most severe local and systemic disease. A post hoc determination of the clinical origins of the 10 NTHi strains revealed that these three strains were of otorrheic origin, whereas the other 7 were from patients with COME. Collectively these data suggest that the chinchilla OM model is useful for discriminating between otorrheic and COME NTHi strains as to their disease-producing potential in humans, and combined with whole genome analyses, point the way towards identifying classes of virulence genes.
Local heat-transfer coefficients of simulated smooth glaze ice formations on a cylinder

Experimental convective local heat-transfer coefficients were obtained for a simulated, selected set of smooth 2-, 5-, and 15-min glaze ice profiles formed on the surface of a 50.8-mm cylinder in cross flow. A steady-state heat-flux method was employed. The velocity and turbulence intensity distributions and the local heat-transfer rates are measured as a function of Reynolds number. The Nusselt numbers obtained in the Reynolds number range 100,000-150,000 were compared with those obtained in previous experiments. The results show very good quantitative and qualitative agreement. The local heat-transfer rate increases with increasing Reynolds number and appears to decrease as the ice grows.
New torsional resonance technique for study of magnetic susceptibility of glass

Abstract A new device for studies of magnetic susceptibility is described which combines the sensitivity of the torsion balance with the signal enhancement of modulation spectroscopy. With this device an interesting feature of superparamagnetism has been discovered.
Goals for Gifted Programs: Perceptions of Interested Groups

This study assessed the status of goat development for elementary school gifted programs as perceived by national leaders in gifted education, administrators, teachers, and parents of gifted students. Opinion was sought using the Delphi technique, a method for obtaining reliable group consensus through a series of questionnaires interspersed with controlled feedback. The Delphi panel, consisting of 36 respondents, reached consensus for three goal statements from among 11 goals presented for consideration as appropriate for elementary school programs for the gifted:to provide a learning environment that will permit and encourage the capable student to develop to his/her individual potential while interacting with intellectual peers;to establish a climate that values and enhances intellectual ability, talent, creativity, and decision-making;to encourage the development of and provide opportunities for using higher level thinking skills (analysis, synthesis, evaiuation).
Feminist perspective on the war in Lebanon

Abstract This paper attempts to show how the war in Lebanon is closely connected with the way people perceive and act upon their sense of love and power, as well as their relationship to their partners, family, and society. The paper also shows how women became the real victims, and how through direct action, they have tried to eradicate some of the violence and horrors that have become their daily lot and are ripping their country apart. The author is convinced that unless the attitudes and actions of people undergo a profound transformation, there can be no lasting peace and no real solution to the problems in Lebanon.
Scattering of Sound by Gas Bubbles in Water and Sediments

In this paper, a self-consistent multiple scattering approach with suitable pair-correlation function is employed to study acoustic wave propagation through water and sediments containing gas bubbles. The effects of surface tension, shear viscosity of the liquid and thermal conduction in the gas bubbles are considered in the analysis. In the Rayleigh limit, closed form expressions are given as a function of concentration of bubbles. Numerical results are presented for both phase velocity and coherent attenuation as a function of frequency near the fundamental resonance of the bubble for various values of concentration of bubbles.
Low-Dissipation and Low-Dispersion Runge-Kutta Schemes for Computational Acoustics

In this paper, we investigate accurate and efficient time advancing methods for computational acoustics, where nondissipative and nondispersive properties are of critical importance. Our analysis pertains to the application of Runge?Kutta methods to high-order finite difference discretization. In many CFD applications, multistage Runge?Kutta schemes have often been favored for their low storage requirements and relatively large stability limits. For computing acoustic waves, however, the stability consideration alone is not sufficient, since the Runge?Kutta schemes entail both dissipation and dispersion errors. The time step is now limited by the tolerable dissipation and dispersion errors in the computation. In the present paper, it is shown that if the traditional Runge?Kutta schemes are used for time advancing in acoustic problems, time steps greatly smaller than those allowed by the stability limit are necessary. Low-dissipation and low-dispersion Runge?Kutta (LDDRK) schemes are proposed, based on an optimization that minimizes the dissipation and dispersion errors for wave propagation. Optimizations of both single-step and two-step alternating schemes are considered. The proposed LDDRK schemes are remarkably more efficient than the classical Runge?Kutta schemes for acoustic computations. Moreover, low storage implementations of the optimized schemes are discussed. Special issues of implementing numerical boundary conditions in the LDDRK schemes are also addressed.
Immediate and late outcomes after direct stent implantation without balloon predilation.

Abstract OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to compare the in-hospital and long-term clinical outcomes of direct coronary stenting with balloon predilation followed by stent placement. BACKGROUND With improvement in stent designs, the practice of direct stenting without balloon predilation has become more widespread. METHODS We analyzed the Mayo Clinic Coronary Intervention data base between January 1, 1995 and March 5, 1999 and identified 777 patients who were treated with direct stenting (DS) and 3,176 patients treated with balloon angioplasty plus stenting (BA+S). RESULTS The procedural success rates between the DS and BA+S groups were not significantly different (96.3% vs. 96.4%). The ability to deliver the stent in a subgroup of patients who had DS was 95%, with 5% requiring crossover to predilation. Multivariate analysis showed no significant differences with respect to in-hospital death (odds ratio [OR] 0.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.5 to 1.8), in-hospital myocardial infarction (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.2) or revascularization (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4 to 1.5) in the DS compared with the BA+S group. Long-term outcomes were not significantly different between the DS and BA+S groups. The procedural duration was significantly shorter in the DS group, and there was a decreased utilization of contrast agent, balloons and wires. CONCLUSIONS The in-hospital and long-term clinical outcomes in patients undergoing a coronary intervention are equivalent when comparing stenting without balloon predilation with balloon angioplasty followed by stenting. Direct stenting is associated with decreased utilization of contrast agent and equipment and shorter procedure times. A randomized study should be performed to better determine the impact of this technique on short- and long-term procedural outcomes.
PAMAM dendrimer-based multifunctional conjugate for cancer therapy: synthesis, characterization, and functionality.

Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer-based multifunctional cancer therapeutic conjugates have been designed and synthesized. The primary amino groups on the surface of the generation 5 (G5) PAMAM dendrimer were neutralized through partial acetylation, providing enhanced solubility of the dendrimer (in conjugation of FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate)) and preventing nonspecific targeting interactions (in vitro and in vivo) during delivery. The functional molecules fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC, an imaging agent), folic acid (FA, targets overexpressed folate receptors on specific cancer cells), and paclitaxel (taxol, a chemotherapeutic drug) were conjugated to the remaining nonacetylated primary amino groups. The appropriate control dendrimer conjugates have been synthesized as well. Characterization of the G5 PAMAM dendrimer and its nanosize conjugates, including the molecular weight and number of primary amine groups, has been determined by multiple analytical methods such as gel permeation chromatograph...
Ills cured with a dose of remedy

We presented a paper in Denver that addressed our Remedy design process. At that time we talked about our current development process, but we hadn't implemented the product at that point. We received a lot of wonderful feedback from the session, and we found that many people wanted to know how things turned out. We were intrigued by the amount of people that were considering Remedy as their helpdesk solution. Many of these people were hesitant to go with Remedy because of the cost issues, or were concerned about the impact it might have on their own help desks. Because we hadn't implemented Remedy at the time of our presentation, we couldn't answer many of their questions. Since the last SIGUCCS conference, we have not only fully developed the product, we have also had our project leaders attend multiple Remedy training sessions, and have had these staff members further develop the product that we currently use as our User Services workflow system. We will discuss every aspect of our development, to include: • Project management. A Remedy implementation is a major undertaking. Every college has different business rules, and how you handle this area is crucial. • Development. The development stage should involve anyone that will touch the application. Involving your employees benefits everyone. • Testing. Every individual should test the product. This will minimize the number of issues after implementation • Cross-platform issues. Remedy is now issuing version 4.5. The last version of Remedy that supported Macintosh clients was 3.2. Organizations need to think about this before jumping onboard. • Licensing issues. The most expensive part of Remedy is the licenses. What is more important is understanding how much you will need to spend on licenses before you buy.
The Genetics of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

A significant amount of evidence has been gathered to suggest that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heritable disease. Despite this information, few details are understood about the genetics of the disorder. Molecular genetic techniques, especially candidate-gene association studies, have been used to try to appreciate the genetic components of this complex disorder. In addition to the complex inheritance pattern, the heterogeneous nature of the disorder complicates the analyses. This review outlines the evidence that has been gathered to date, implicating OCD as a genetic disorder. In addition, the most interesting and recent findings in the molecular genetic analyses are highlighted.
The level structure of 184Os from 184Ir decay and 185Re(p, 2nγ) in-beam spectroscopy

Abstract Levels of 184 Os populated in the decay of 3.1 h 184 Ir and in the 185 Re(p, 2nγ) reaction have been investigated. The measurements included γ-ray singles, β + ray endpoint, conversion coefficient, β + - γ coincidence and detailed γ-γ coincidence determinations. The results have established an extensive 184 Os level scheme, which includes well developed ground state, γ-vibrational and K = 3 octupole bands and which accommodates all the intense transitions observed in both the radioactivity and in-beam γ-ray measurements. Deviations of the level energies in the K π = 0 + and K π = 2 + bands and of the interband reduced transition probabilities from the predictions of the strong-coupling model are discussed in terms of the rotationvibration interaction, and the systematics of the octupole vibrational excitations in even-mass W and Os nuclei are reviewed. It is concluded that the 184 Ir ground state configuration has a spin of 5, and that it contains large admixtures of K = 0 or K = 1 character.
Decreasing allergic contact dermatitis frequency through dermatotoxicologic and epidemiologic based intervention

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) affects millions of people worldwide. In an attempt to decrease the incidence of contact dermatitis, several countries have implemented legislations to reduce the population's exposure to known sensitizers. To determine whether these legislations have been effective, we reviewed several studies examining trends in patch test reactivity before and after implementation of these legislations. Common sensitizers studied include nickel, gluceryl monothioglycolate fragrances, chromate, and thiuram. Overall, the evidence suggests a decreasing trend of ACD with appropriate formulation changes, however some of the data may be confounded by biases, and additionally, exposure to the sensitizer may still exist via non-compliance to regulations by small manufacturers. In the future population based studies should be conducted to more accurately assess trends in ACD.
Efficacy of 7 Days per Week Inpatient Admissions and Rehabilitation Therapy

Abstract DiSotto-Monastero M, Chen X, Fisch S, Donaghy S, Gomez M. Efficacy of 7 days per week inpatient admissions and rehabilitation therapy. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of 7d/wk of inpatient admissions and rehabilitation therapy (7DART) in a rehabilitation hospital. Design Cross-sectional, retrospective electronic data review. Setting Rehabilitation hospital. Participants Adult patients who participated in the 7DART program and were admitted and discharged between February 2009 and January 2010 (n=1808), and adult patients who received 5d/wk of inpatient admissions and rehabilitation therapy (5DART), and were admitted and discharged between February 2008 and January 2009 (n=1692). Interventions Occupational therapy and physiotherapy during the weekends (7DART only). Main Outcome Measures FIM rating change from admission to discharge, length of hospital stay, rehabilitation workload per patient, and discharge destination. Results There were 3500 patients admitted with a mean age ± SD of 72.1±13.3 years and a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.9. Under 7DART conditions, there was a 6.9% increase in admissions (7DART=1808 vs 5DART=1692, P =.006), an 86% increase in weekend admissions (255 vs 137, P P P =.043). Similar FIM rating changes were obtained from admission to discharge under both conditions (18.2 for 7DART vs 18.7 for 5DART, P =.099). Both groups resulted in 94% of patients achieving their rehabilitation goals (7DART=94.1%, 5DART=94.5%; P =.967), and 88.6% of patients returning to their homes (7DART=88.1%, 5DART=89.2%; P =.334). Conclusions Despite the fact that patients in both groups had similar functional outcomes and discharge destination, the 7DART rehabilitation model reduced length of hospital stay and increased rehabilitation workload, demonstrating increased efficiency and access to care by admitting more patients from acute care, rehabilitating them, and discharging them to the community in less time than the 5DART model.
Antitumor drug cross-resistance in vivo in a murine P388 leukemia resistant to ethyl 5-amino-1,2-dihydro-2-methyl-3-phenylpyrido[3,4-b]pyrazin-7-ylcarbamate 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate hydrate (NSC 370 147) 370 147

Ethyl 5-amino-1,2-dihydro-2-methyl-3-phenylpyrido[3,4-b]pyrazin-7-ylcarbamate 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate hydrate (NSC 370 147) is a potent mitotic inhibitor, which has provided the basis for a candidate for clinical trial. As observed with clinically useful drugs, the development of clinical resistance to NSC 370 147 will probably be encountered. Information concerning resistance to NSC 370 147 should aid in the design of strategies for the opitmal clinical use of the drug. A P388 leukemia resistant to NSC 370 147 (P388/NSC 370 147) was isolated and its in vivo cross-resistance profile was determined. The P388/NSC 370 147 line was cross-resistant to vincristine but was not cross-resistant to doxorubicin, etoposide, cisplatin, melphalan, methotrexate, or 5-fluorouracil. This information plus other in vivo cross-resistance data [Waud et al. (1990) Cancer Res 50: 3239] suggests that NSC 370 147 may be useful in non-cross-resistant combinations with doxorubicin, melphalan, cisplatin, or methotrexate. The lack of cross-resistance of P388/NSC 370 147 to doxorubicin and etoposide shows that resistance to NSC 370 147 does not involve multidrug resistance and suggests that themdr1 gene is not involved in resistance to NSC 370 147.
Influence of intracerebroventricular injections of N6, O2'-dibutyryl adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate on sodium pentobarbital-induced narcosis in rats

Abstract Premedication with dibutyryl cyclic AMP (225 μg, i.c.v.) decreased the responsiveness of the central nervous system and lethality to sodium pentobarbital in the rat. The LD50 of sodium pentobarbital was increased (79.9–116 solmg kg i.p.) and the sleep time was decreased from 120min to 76 min in dibutyryl cyclic AMP pretreated animals. The brain and plasma pentobarbital concentrations at the time of awakening were higher in the dibutyryl cyclic AMP group as compared to saline pretreated rats. The threshold dose level of sodium pentobarbital as determined from the dose—response curves and the dose of intravenous infused pentobarbital necessary to suppress EEG activity was increased after administration of the cyclic nucleotide. Pretreatment with gradient doses of dibutyryl cyclic AMP produced a biphasic dose-response of pentobarbital sleep time with the shortest duration observed at 225 μg of dibutyryl cyclic AMP and a progressive increase in duration of sleep time from 250 and 275 μg was produced. Doses of dibutyryl cyclic AMP greater than 275 μg produced death in all animals. The cardiovascular depressant action of pentobarbital was antagonized by dibutyryl cyclic AMP. However, the hypothermic action of pentobarbital was not reversed. The results suggest dibutyryl cyclic AMP produces a generalized stimulation of the CNS and does not specifically antagonize barbiturate-induced toxicity.
Distributed Web Log Mining Using Maximal Large Itemsets

We introduce a partitioning-based distributed document-clustering algorithm using user access patterns from multi-server web sites. Our algorithm makes it possible to exploit simultaneously adaptive document replication and persistent connections, two techniques that are most effective in decreasing the response time that is observed by web users. The algorithm first distributes the user access data evenly among the servers by using a hash function. Then, each server generates a local clustering on its fair share of the user sessions records by employing a traditional single-machine document-clustering algorithm. Finally, those local clustering results are combined together by using a novel procedure that generates maximal large itemsets of web documents. We present preliminary experimental results and discuss alternative approaches to be pursued in the future.
The Biology of Stylops spp. in Alabama, with Emphasis on S. bipunctatae

Stylops bipunctatae Pierce, S. hippotes Pierce, and S. claytoniae Pierce (Strepsiptera) stylopize Andrena miserabilis Cresson, A. hippotes Robertson, and A. imitatrix Cresson, respectively, in Alabama. Stylopized Andrena miserabilis appeared at spring flowers earlier than unstylopized hosts. Stylopization was initially as high as 87.5%, fell below 7.0% within several days, and rose to 14.0–20.9% about 4 weeks after hosts first appeared. Most female S. bipunctatae occurred as single parasites, but up to 3 were found in the same host. Females produced as many as 4,000 eggs, and triungulin larvae were present by 2–3 weeks into the season. The positively phototrophic triungulins did not all develop or emerge from the female parasite simultaneously. Of female S. bipunctatae surviving to reproduce, 96% were in female hosts and 78% of reproducing females occurred as single parasites. In hosts containing more than one reproducing female the parasites were often in different stages of reproductive development. Both male and female host exhibited reversal of secondary sexual characters, such as clypeal pigmentation and scopal hairs. However, the pattern of reversal was not always the same. None of 53 stylopized A. miserabilis or 2 stylopized A. hippotes exhibited evidence of the still unknown male parasites. A stylopized A. imitatrix contained an empty male pupal case, indicating male S. claytoniae do exist.
Whispering gallery modes in GaAs nanoneedles

The prospect of using GaAs nanoneedles as whispering gallery mode resonators is presented. Energy resonances, spatial mode distribution, and laser threshold values of these nanostructures are estimated.