cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
B 10 -induced 2 n and 2 p transfer reactions on light targets

A systematic study is made of 100 MeV $^{10}\mathrm{B}$-induced $2n$ and $2p$ transfer reactions on light targets of $^{12}\mathrm{C}$, $^{14}\mathrm{N}$, and $^{16}\mathrm{O}$. These reactions are seen to selectively populate only a few states in the residual nuclei, showing them to be useful for studying states of particular structures. Known states with ${({p}_{\frac{1}{2}}{d}_{\frac{5}{2}})}_{3}$- and $({d}_{\frac{5}{2}})_{}^{2}{}_{{4}^{+}}{}^{}$ structures are strongly populated in the $T=1$ mass-14 nuclei. The known $({d}_{\frac{5}{2}})_{}^{2}{}_{{4}^{+}}{}^{}$ states in the $T=1$ mass-18 nuclei are also strongly populated. The lowest ${2}^{+}$ states (also of a $d_{\frac{5}{2}}^{}{}_{}{}^{2}$ nature) in these latter nuclei are populated more weakly. Exact finite-range distorted-wave Born-approximation calculations, assuming a cluster transfer of the two neutrons or protons, are presented for the strongly populated levels in the mass-14 and -18 residual nuclei, and for the ${2}^{+}$ level in $^{18}\mathrm{O}$. With the exception of this ${2}^{+}$ state and the unbound ${4}^{+}$ state in $^{14}\mathrm{O}$, the shapes of the angular distributions are well fitted by the cluster approximation. The distorted-wave Born-approximation normalizations to the data are compared to cluster spectroscopic factors calculated from shell model wave functions for the various states involved. In most cases, the extracted factors agree with the calculated spectroscopic factors to within a factor of 3. This agreement suggests that the reaction mechanism is predominantly a one-step transfer of a $T=1$, $S=0$ pair of neutrons or protons. The known structures of the strongly populated states in the mass-14 and -18 nuclei can be used to interpret newly observed states in the mass-16 spectra, in which there are two groups of strongly populated levels in each nucleus. The doublet in the low excitation region corresponds to the known ${2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${3}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ states presumably populated through the transfer of the nucleon pair into a ${({p}_{\frac{1}{2}}{d}_{\frac{5}{2}})}_{3}$- configuration coupled to the $^{14}\mathrm{N}_{1+}$ target core. The higher group of states is predicted to arise from the transfer of the nucleon pair into a $({d}_{\frac{5}{2}})_{}^{2}{}_{{4}^{+}}{}^{}$ configuration coupled to the ${1}^{+}$ core. The results of a Bansal-French-Zamick weak coupling model calculation for the center of gravity of the triplet of states from this $({d}_{\frac{5}{2}})_{}^{2}{}_{{4}^{+}}{}^{}$ configuration in the $T=1$ mass-16 nuclei are presented. These are seen to be in agreement with the observed energies of the high excitation peaks in the data.[NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{12}\mathrm{C}$, $^{14}\mathrm{N}$, $^{16}\mathrm{O}$($^{10}\mathrm{B}$, $^{8}\mathrm{Li}$), $E=100$ MeV; $^{12}\mathrm{C}$, $^{14}\mathrm{N}$, $^{16}\mathrm{O}$($^{10}\mathrm{B}$, $^{8}\mathrm{B}$), $E=100$ MeV; measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\theta})$; DWBA analysis; extracted and calculated $2n$ and $2p$ spectroscopic factors; weak coupling model predictions.]
Design considerations for service access integration and optimization beyond LTE-Advanced

This discussion paper is intended to provide some existing service requirements and some considerations/solutions to them, if any, in one of the most popular global standards, 3GPP Release 12 in the LTE evolution path, so that one can have some views on the benefit of the existing requirements/solutions as well as some views on the limitation of them. This paper selects two examples, Access Control and Proximity Service, to provide some issues to consider through a possible integration of, and optimization of them for foreseeing the necessity of further enhancement of protocols, called Service Access Integration and Optimization in this paper.
Quality of life 6 months after heart transplantation compared with indicators of illness severity before transplantation

Background Quality of life is an important healthcare outcome to study. Quality of life after heart transplantation has not been compared with indicators of severity of illness before heart transplantation. Objective To compare differences in quality of life 6 months after heart transplantation with two preoperative indicators of severity of illness: New York Heart Association classification and United Network for Organ Sharing status. Methods Data were collected from a nonrandom sample of 219 adult patients who had received a heart transplant 6 months earlier. Patients were divided into groups on the basis of their New York Heart Association classification and United Network for Organ Sharing status immediately before transplantation. Instruments used were the Heart Transplant Symptom Checklist, Heart Transplant Stressor Scale, Rating Question Form, Quality of Life Index, Sickness Impact Profile, and Jalowiec Coping Scale. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and independent t tests. Results Quality of life 6 months after receiving a heart transplant varied with severity of illness before transplantation. These differences in quality of life were in the following domains: physical and occupational function, psychological state, and social interaction. Six months after receiving a heart transplant, patients who were more severely ill before transplantation were less satisfied with their lives, perceived that they were not doing as well, experienced more family-related stress, and used more negative coping strategies than did patients who were less severely ill preoperatively. Conclusions These findings indicate the need for further study of quality of life in the transplant recipients who are the most critically ill in intensive care settings before surgery, to develop interventions to improve recipients' quality of life, and to evaluate effectiveness of those interventions longitudinally.
EMU: the emory user behavior data management system for automatic library search evaluation

We describe EMU, a system for collecting, managing, and mining the behavior data collected in the Emory libraries search system. We describe the data capture system based on the LibX browser plugin, the database management system for successfully storing, searching and exploring millions of resulting user interactions, and preliminary results of interesting queries and statistics that we are using to evaluate the effectiveness of library search tools.
High temperature creep behavior and substructure in KClKBr solid solution alloys

Abstract The creep behavior and dislocation substructure of pure KCl, pure KBr and two KClKBr solid solution alloys was investigated at 700°C. The reduced primary stage compared to that for the pure materials, stress exponent close to 3, nature of the creep transient after a stress reduction for the KClKBr alloys is in good agreement with creep behavior observed in class I metallic, KClNaCl and KClRbCl solid solution alloys, where the creep rate is controlled by a viscous dislocation glide process. The creep behavior of the KClKBr solid solution alloys is in agreement with the prediction of the glide-climb criterion for solid solution alloys developed by Mohamed and Langdon. The dislocation substructure of the KClKBr solid solution alloys consisted of well-developed subgrains whose size was larger than that for the pure materials at an equivalent value of normalized stress and varied inversely with applied stress.
Genesis of altered conway granite (grus) in New Hampshire, USA☆

Abstract Increased pedologic interest in grus has created a need for better understanding of geologic and pedogenic processes producing such materials. Progress in this area is hindered by the incomplete understanding of pedogenic processes, as well as the fact that some of the properties of grus may be created through any of several pathways. Hydrothermal alteration is one important example of a geologic process which may produce characteristics similar to those created by pedogenesis. This process is not often considered by soil scientists because of their unfamiliarity with the geologic environments which engender such conditions, and the petrographic evidence specific to these processes. This study uses petrographic evidence of microfracturing, silicification, and sericitization indicative of hydrothermal alteration in conjunction with igneous structural geology to enhance traditional pedologic assessments of weathering and soil genesis in the Conway Granite grus. This interdisciplinary approach led to the interpretation that the grus was a product of hydrothermal alteration, rather than paleopedogenesis, as had been proposed previously. More importantly, this study demonstrates that interpretations of soil weathering, paleosol occurrences, and grus genesis in a variety of locations can be enhanced by such considerations.
Volcanology: mobile magma under Antarctic ice

Volcanoes have been active under the West Antarctic Ice Sheet for millions of years, and there is evidence for recent activity. Now swarms of tiny earthquakes detected in 2010 and 2011 hint at current magma movement in the crust beneath the ice.
CC10 Administration to Premature Infants: In Search of the “Silver Bullet” to Prevent Lung Inflammation: Commentary on the article by Levine et al . on page 15

CC10 Administration to Premature Infants: In Search of the “Silver Bullet” to Prevent Lung Inflammation: Commentary on the article by Levine et al . on page 15
A polymorphism in the upstream regulatory region of the interleukin-1α gene confers differential binding by transcription factors of the AP-1 family

Abstract Aims Previous genetic studies have shown that a C/T polymorphism at position − 889 of the IL1A promoter, specifically allele 2 (− 889 T), increases the risk for development of several inflammation-related disorders, such as periodontitis, osteomyelitis, toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, contact dermatitis, as well as neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. We sought to determine the differential abilities of C- and T- containing versions of the − 889 sequence to bind nuclear proteins from microglia. Main methods Microglial cells were subjected to inflammatory activation prior to the harvest of nuclear proteins. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) were performed using oligonucleotide probes representing 25 base pairs surrounding the IL1A − 889 polymorphism. Antibodies reactive against transcription factors were used to identify the specific proteins involved in complexes with DNA. Key findings EMSA revealed multiple differences in DNA-binding profiles when microglial nuclear extracts were incubated with the polymorphic probes. The allele-2 probe formed specific complexes that were not detected with the allele-1 (− 889 C) probe, and vice versa. Formation of allele-2 nucleoprotein complexes was increased in activated microglia. Antibody supershift analysis indicated that multiple Jun-family members but not Fos-family proteins contributed to the LPS-activated allele-2 EMSA complexes. LPS-activation of allele-2 EMSA complexes could be blocked by the specific c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125. Significance These results suggest that the − 889 polymorphism creates differential interactions with transcription factors that could lead to differential expression rates under proinflammatory conditions.
The Verdet Constant of Heavy Water

The Verdet constants of samples of water containing 0, 31.1, and 99.7 percents of heavy hydrogen atoms have been measured for the wave-lengths $\ensuremath{\lambda}5893$ and $\ensuremath{\lambda}5460.7\mathrm{A}$ at 20\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The results are given in tabular form. From these data the Verdet constant of pure heavy water (${\mathrm{H}}^{2}$$_{2}\mathrm{O}$) is found to be 3.93 percent less than that of ordinary water for both wave-lengths. Non-linearity of the Verdet constant-concentration relation leads to the calculation of an apparent Verdet constant for ${\mathrm{H}}^{1}$${\mathrm{H}}^{2}$O which is 0.85 percent less than the Verdet constant of ordinary water. Values of the relative molecular rotatory power and of the magnetic rotatory dispersions are also given.
Maurice Ewing, Frank Press, and the long-period seismographs at Lamont and Caltech

The name attached to a scientific instrument may identify the scientist(s) who contributed most to its design or, as was the case with the first successful long-period seismographs, the scientist(s) who captured credit for this achievement. These notable instruments were developed at the Lamont Geological Observatory in the early 1950s and funded by the Department of Defense. They were used to understand the structure of the earth and to detect underground bomb tests. Maurice Ewing and Frank Press, the principal investigators, were alpha males whose competition with each other resembled the Cold War relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union. Press moved to the Seismological Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology in 1955. Lehner and Griffith, a small Pasadena firm that was closely connected with the Seismo Lab, began manufacturing "Press-Ewing" seismographs in 1958, and Press was soon applying this term to all devices of this sort, even those that had gone before.
Backward masking, IQ, SAT and reaction time: Interrelationships and theory

Abstract Backward-masking recognition accuracy, IQ, Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores, and reaction time (RT) on masking trials were obtained from 81 Ss. Of primary concern was the correlation between the first two variables. In 11 previous studies the correlation between the inverse of recognition accuracy, recognition threshold, and IQ has ranged from -0.20 to -0.92. This variation is negatively related to sample size, r = -0.69. An N of 81 predicts a recognition-accuracy correlation of +0.11. The obtained correlation is +0.44, substantially higher than predicted. The median correlation from the other 11 studies is in good agreement with this value, median r = -0.54 (recognition threshold). Other findings are that backward-masking threshold was not significantly related to SAT scores, but IQ and SAT (Total) scores were significantly related, r = 0.44. Masking RT, both direct and derived measures, did not correlate with any other variable. It is suggested that masking threshold may reflect fluid intelligence (IQ) more than crystallized intelligence (SAT).
A framing analysis: How did three U.S. News magazines frame about mergers or acquisitions?

(2000). A framing analysis: How did three U.S. News magazines frame about mergers or acquisitions? International Journal on Media Management: Vol. 2, No. 3-4, pp. 165-177.
The impact of organized labor on public employment: A comparative analysis

This paper examines the political economy of public employment, specifically the impact of labor unions on public employment across 20 OECD nations during the 1965–1983 period. A theoretical paradigm based on exchange theory is used to explain the rationale for organized labor’s role in public employment. A model is then presented and tested to explain variation in public employment levels across the 20 nations. The results of the analyses support the central hypothesis that labor union power is positively correlated with public employment. Following the data analysis, the conclusions and implications of the findings are discussed as they pertain to the political economy in advanced industrial democracies.
Loss of 18q predicts poor survival of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Tumor suppressor genes play an important role in normal growth regulation. Loss or inactivation of these genes has been implicated in the development of squamous cell cancer and progression of neoplasia. Previous studies in our laboratories have implicated chromosome 18 long-arm deletions as a possible marker of progression in head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). To test this hypothesis, we evaluated DNA from 67 HNSCC patients for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 18q loci, and for association of LOH with survival. Tumor and normal DNA were extracted from fresh tissue and paraffin blocks and were amplified by PCR using primers for three microsatellite repeat polymorphisms in 18q (D18S336, D18S34, and MBP). A total of 27 (40%) patients had LOH of 18q, and these patients had a statistically significantly poorer two-year survival compared to those without 18q LOH (30% vs. 63%; P=0.008). In a Cox proportional hazards model in which time from diagnosis to death was the outcome variable, patients with 18q LOH had an unadjusted relative risk (RR) of death of 2.46 (P = 0.005). When 18q LOH was placed in a multivariate model controlling for possible confounders in the study, the RR for death was still elevated (RR = 2.10; P = 0.025). The observation of a prognostic association between 18q LOH and poor patient survival suggests that loss of an 18q tumor suppressor gene or genes is important in the progression of HNSCC. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 21:333–339, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Open Initiative: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology

This article presents a review of the book “Open Initiative: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting From Technology,” by Henry Chesbrough.
Dose, duration and mode of administration of hormones influence breast cancer risk

Majority of breast cancers are diagnosed in post-menopausal women. Hormone replacement therapy has been indicated as one of the major causes of increasing breast cancer risk in these women. Several epidemiological studies have attempted to discover the association between hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer. Because of the nature of data collection and study design it has been difficult to assess the real effect of hormone replacement therapy on breast cancer risk. Several hormones are biphasic in nature and one needs to take into account that the dose, duration and mode of administration of hormones could have a significant impact on increasing or decreasing the risk of breast cancer. This review will attempt to provide a broad summary of the evidence to date on the breast cancer risk associated with dose, duration and mode of administration of hormone replacement therapies.
Indium-tin oxide deposition by d.c. reactive sputtering on a low softening point material

Abstract The resistivities of indium-tin oxide (ITO) films produced by d.c. reactive magnetron sputtering and subsequently air baked were determined over a range of deposition rates and oxygen flow rates. The dependence of resistivity on deposition rate and oxygen flow rate of ITO sputtered film on glass formed a family of straight lines of constant resistivity emanating from the origin. These lines of constant resistivity were used to provide the form of the boundaries of the operating window for low resistance ITO films deposited on fused, pigmented glass frit substrate with a softening point (370 °C) lower than the air-bake temperature (490 °C) used to convert the sputtered ITO from a soft, dark film to a hard, transparent film. Inside the boundaries the air-baked ITO formed low resistance, conformal films. Outside the boundaries at higher deposition rate:oxygen flow ratios the air-baked film would fold (buckle) along with the underlying frit glass substrate to form higher resistance films. At lower deposition rate:oxygen flow rate ratios the air-baked films would crack along with the underlying frit glass substrate to form higher resistance, sometimes electrically open films.
Finite element modeling of active noise control with optimal placement of multiple actuators

Active noise control of a plate structure with multiple disk shaped piezoelectric actuators is studied. The plate is excited by an acoustic pressure field produced by a noise source located below the plate. Finite element modeling is used for the plate structure which is modeled by a combination of 3D solid, flat shell and transition elements. In the optimization procedure, the sound energy radiated onto a hemispherical surface of given radius, defined as the objective function, is minimized. The design parameters are the locations and sizes of the piezoelectric actuators are well as the amplitudes of the voltages applied to them. Automatic mesh generation is addressed as part of the modeling procedure. Numerical results for both resonance and off resonance frequencies show remarkable noise reduction and the optimal locations of the actuators are found to be close to the edges of the plate structure. The optimized result is robust such that when the acoustic pressure pattern is changed, reduction of radiated sound is still maintained. The robustness of an optimally designed structure is also tested by changing the frequency of the noise source using only the actuator voltages as design parameters.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Neurotensin afferents of the ventral tegmental area in the rat: [1] re-examination of their origins and [2] responses to acute psychostimulant and antipsychotic drug administration

The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is involved in reward-related behaviours and the actions of psychostimulant drugs. It is influenced by afferents expressing a variety of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators; the innervation containing neurotensin is among the densest of these. Intra-VTA neurotensin activates dopaminergic neurons and plays an important role in the development of behavioural sensitization to psychostimulant drugs and possibly in schizophrenia. Using gold-coupled wheatgerm agglutinin as retrograde tracer in combination with nonisotopic in situ hybridization for neurotensin mRNA or neurotensin antibodies after colchicine treatment, the present study was undertaken to demonstrate the neurotensinergic neurons projecting to the VTA and determine whether (and in which subpopulations) neurotensin expression is regulated in VTA-projecting neurons after administrations of the psychostimulant drug methamphetamine or the antipsychotic haloperidol. This study reveals the lateral preoptico-rostral lateral hypothalamic continuum and the medial preoptic area as main sources for the neurotensin afferents of the VTA. Fewer neurotensinergic, VTA-projecting neurons are situated in the dorsal raphe, pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei, lateral hypothalamic area, ventral endopiriform area, lateral septum, accumbens shell, parabrachial nucleus and different parts of the extended amygdala. The number of neurotensinergic VTA-projecting neurons increased significantly only after methamphetamine administration and exclusively in the accumbens shell. It is concluded that the widespread neurotensinergic VTA-projecting neurons, situated in areas involved in different reward-related behaviours, are well suited to convey distinct reward information to the VTA. The up-regulation of neurotensin expression selectively in VTA-projecting neurons in the accumbens shell following methamphetamine administration may be an important factor in the development of behavioural sensitization.
A model for the spatial and energy distributions of energetic neutral atoms produced within the Saturn/Titan plasma system

A model for the production of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) in the Saturn/Titan system, that takes into account existing data on the spatial distribution of the background neutral density, the energy and spatial distributions of the energetic ions, and the energy dependence of the charge-exchange cross sections, is presented. Hydrogen production via H(+), H is presented in detail. The extended Saturn/Titan system is 'imaged' in energetic neutral H at 66 R(s) and 25-deg latitude. From this vantage point, the energetic H flux is 6 + or - 1 H/sq cm per sec between 10 and 100 keV. Comparing the predicted H spectrum with that observed by Kirsch et al. (1981), the production of neutral O is estimated, and it is concluded that O(+), H charge exchange in the inner magnetosphere is sufficient to account for all the ENA O production.
Images in clinical medicine. Uric acid stones in Crohn's disease.

Figure 1. Uric Acid Stones in Crohn's Disease. An intravenous urogram was obtained in a 37-year-old woman with persistent watery diarrhea. She had had Crohn's disease for 11 years, and most of her colon and part of her ileum had been removed 4 years earlier. A large radiolucent defect occupies most of the left renal pelvis (large arrow), and a smaller defect obstructs the lower pole calix of the left kidney (small arrow). The right kidney appears to be normal. Three years after this study was performed, similar stones developed in the right kidney. These were found to contain uric . . .
Effect of Antiasthma Simplified Herbal Medicine Intervention on neutrophil predominant airway inflammation in a ragweed sensitized murine asthma model

Abstract Background Neutrophil-predominant asthma is less responsive to steroids and associated with poorer disease control. The effects of Antiasthma Simplified Herbal Medicine Intervention (ASHMI), a traditional Chinese medicine formula reported to be efficacious in asthmatic patients and murine asthma models, on neutrophil predominant asthma are unknown. Objective To determine the effects of standard ASHMI and refined formula ASHMI (ASHMI II ) in a neutrophil-predominant murine model of ragweed (RW) asthma and explore underlying mechanisms. Methods BALB/c mice were systemically sensitized, intranasally challenged with RW extract, and orally treated with ASHMI, ASHMI II , or vehicle (water). In a separate experiment, some RW sensitized mice were treated with dexamethasone before challenge. After RW challenge, airway hyperreactivity (AHR), total and differential bronchoalveolar lavage fluid leukocyte counts, lung histologic features, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytokine and chemokine levels were assessed. RW stimulation of the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 was used to determine effects of ASHMI active compound ganoderic acid C1 (GAC1) on tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) production and regulation of phosphorylated IκB and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) levels. Results ASHMI and ASHMI II markedly reduced AHR, mucous production, neutrophilic inflammation, and TNF-α, interleukin 8, and interleukin 17 levels and decreased eosinophilic inflammation and T H 2 responses in vivo ( P Conclusion ASHMI treatment was efficacious in a murine model of neutrophil-predominant asthma via modulation of innate chemokines, T H 2 responses, nuclear factor–κB, and HDAC2. ASHMI, and/or its constituent GAC1, may be a valuable option for treating neutrophil-predominant asthma.
A flow of funds test of the capital inflow hypothesis

Abstract In this paper, we test the capital inflow hypothesis by estimating the stabilizing effect of induced net capital inflows on changes in nominal interest rates, regardless of the source of the exogenous shocks to credit markets, and second, by estimating the stabilizing effect of government-borrowing-induced net capital inflows alone. Estimates are based on dynamic simulations of a small econometric model of credit markets where interest rates are determined. U.S. quarterly data are used to estimate the model's parameters for the sample period from 1972:i to 1988:iv. The empirical results provide support for the capital inflow hypothesis, although not for the limiting case of an infinitely interest rate elastic supply of credit. In fact, induced net capital inflows have a significant stabilizing effect on changes in nominal interest rates.
Expert's comment concerning grand rounds case entitled "solid variant of aneurysmal bone cyst on the cervical spine of a child: case report, differential diagnosis, and treatment rationale" (by Christos Karampalis, Robert Lenthall, and Bronek Boszczyk).

This article reports a case of solid variant aneurysmal bone cyst (S-ABC) in the cervical spine of a child [1]. Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) of the vertebral column occurs infrequently and, as the article points out, the solid variant is exceedingly rare in the spine. While MRI can be very helpful in formulating a differential diagnosis and differentiating S-ABC from more typical cystic ABC, imaging studies cannot always differentiate S-ABC from other benign bone lesions. Performing an incisional biopsy with intra-operative frozen section is an important first step in our approach to treatment of this and other forms of ABC. Traditional treatment of ABC with intralesional curettage and bone grafting produced recurrence rates of 10–60 % [2]. To limit recurrence, we recommend a four-step approach to treatment of ABC, including the solid variant form. This includes (1) intralesional curettage, (2) cauterization of the osseous cyst wall, (3) extended curettage with a high-speed diamond burr, and (4) dilute (5 %) phenol application [3]. Titanium instrumentation may be necessary after removal to reestablish spinal stability. As in this case, arterial embolization can be used as an adjunct to surgical excision.
Elastic jellium sphere in a static electric field

The electronic and ionic response of a small metal particle in a static electric field is studied within the jellium model in which the ionic jellium background is assumed to be elastically deformable. Results of the calculation indicate that while the polarizability of the particle remains remarkably constant as the jellium stiffness is relaxed from perfect rigidity, there are nevertheless significant departures from the rigid jellium model in both the ionic and/or electronic makeup of the polarizability and the associated charge-density modulations. In particular, for Na clusters of up to 92 atoms the ionic component is shown to account for \ensuremath{\sim}10--15 % of the total polarizability. Numerically evaluated charge-modulation profiles, together with the variation of ionic polarizability with elastic stiffness, are presented and discussed.
Dielectric properties of bisphenol‐a epoxy resins

The α-relaxation process of seven commercial diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy resins of varying molecular weights, without hardener, was characterized by measuring the frequency and temperature dependence of the complex permittivity, (ϵast;). The temperature dependences of the frequency of maximum dipole loss ƒmax and the ionic conductivity σ are non-Arrhenius and can be described by the Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) equation. The frequency dependence of the molecular relaxation process is described by the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) relaxation function. The WLF C1 parameter and the KWW β parameter, describing the temperature and frequency dependences, respectively, vary systematically with the molecular weight of the resin. These results are discussed in the context of recent theories of the glass transition.
Discrimination of Colon Cancer Stem Cells Using Noncanonical Amino Acid

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may be responsible for tumor recurrence. Metabolic labelling of newly synthesized proteins with non-canonical amino acids allows us to discriminate CSCs in mixed populations due to the quiescent nature of these cells.
Moonstruck by Herbaria

I have become fascinated by herbaria, collections of dried plant specimens. Like many new loves, this one began rather suddenly. Yes, I had known about them for years and had even been to a symposium on virtual herbaria, but I hardly ever gave them a thought. Then, as described in my January column (Flannery, 2011), while attending the Botany 2010 meeting last August in Providence, Rhode Island, I had a tour of the herbarium at the Museum of Natural History and Planetarium, Roger Williams Park. I also went to a couple of sessions on the effort to digitize herbarium collections throughout the United States. These experiences got me thinking about herbaria and reading up on them. When, in October, I had a chance to revisit the herbarium in Providence, I was moonstruck. I really wanted to dig into the subject and learn as much about herbaria as I could. Like many love affairs, this one isn't based on particularly sound judgment. I am not a botanist and know little about plants, although I've gotten interested in drawing them, and I've done some work on Agnes Arber, an early-20th-century plant morphologist (Flannery, 2005). Still, I am definitely light on plant knowledge. But I think this is part of the lure of the subject: a plunge into the unknown, a desire to push my brain. I have begun, just begun, to seriously consider herbaria, and this column is my first attempt to write about them. I have already discovered so much I find interesting that I am hoping this information will interest you as well. When I went back to the Providence herbarium, the curator, Marilyn Massaro, opened up not only the shelves of specimens to me, but also boxes of books with pressed plants. Most of these aren't of much use …
Collisional impurity modes

Abstract Fluid-like instabilities are shown to be excited, in a magnetically contained plasma, by the presence of a finite amount of impurity ions. The relevant modes have longitudinal wavelengths larger than the mean free path of the non-impurity ion population and are associated with their finite thermal conductivity.
Research Note: Relationship of Comb Color to Liver Appearance and Fat Content in Single Comb White Leghorn Laying Hens

A flock of commercial Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens, diagnosed as having fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome (FLHS), was surveyed to ascertain the relationship between comb color and selected FLHS characteristics. Twenty-eight hens with and without pale combs were selected from 14 cages for paired comparisons. Hens with pale combs had a higher (P less than or equal to .05) liver score and relative liver weight than hens with normal combs. Differences were not detected in BW, comb weight, relative comb weight, liver fat and plasma estrogen concentration. In flocks diagnosed with FLHS, comb appearance is associated with a higher incidence of FLHS.
Lovers and fighters: male stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, differ in their responses to conflicting stimuli

Many behaviours cannot be performed simultaneously, which forces animals to decide which behaviour to perform. In a behavioural trade-off, individuals should act as if they have weighed these alternatives before acting. Because the costs and benefits of performing specific behaviours are likely to differ between individuals as a result of different environmental and/or genetic backgrounds, individuals should vary in the decisions they make. Male threespine stickleback establish territories and nest close to one another; thus, they may be faced with a decision: fight a potential rival male or court a female. To assess how males respond to the presence of conflicting stimuli, males were presented with a dummy female alone, a dummy male alone, a dummy male and a dummy female simultaneously, and two dummy females simultaneously. Repeatability scores indicated that individuals were consistent in their responses to a given stimulus within a treatment yet differed from one another in their responses. For example, some males were more vigorous courters than others. In the female–male treatment, some males focused on only one of the stimuli while others divided their time between the two. This finding suggests that males may use different strategies when conflicting stimuli are present. Few studies have empirically examined the choices that territorial males make when these competing options are presented simultaneously, even though this situation is probably common in the wild. This study provides insight into male decision making when stimuli that elicit mutually incompatible behaviours are present and suggests that there may be a genetic basis to these differences.
Development of a synchrotron CCD-based area detector for structural biology

The performance of two area detectors developed at Brandeis University for structural biology studies is described: a vidiconbased detector designed for laboratory applications and a CCD-based detector designed for use with synchrotron sources. The vidiconbased detector head incorporates fiber optic tapers two image intensifiers and SIT vidicon. The vidicon detector is characterized by measurements of the DOE and the results of tests at a synchrotron beam line are described. The CCD-based detector head incorporates a fiber optic taper two image intensifiers a camera lens and a Videk 1320 X 1035-pixel CCD camera. Measurements of the performance of the image intensifiers several camera lenses and the CCD camera are described. Results of initial tests of this detector at a synchrotron beam line are presented and recent modification to the detector are described.
Dividend Reinvestment, Price Appreciation and Capital Accumulation

Studies of historical stock market performance invariably focus on total shareholder return (TSR). Contrary to its name, TSR does not represent the return earned by equity investors but is instead the capital accumulation rate investors achieve if they purchase shares at the start date, reinvest all dividends to buy additional shares, and hold all shares to the terminal date. Investors who use historical TSR rates as a point of departure for establishing their assumed capital accumulation rates can be misled in two ways. First, because only the rare investor can afford to reinvest all dividends and sell no shares over a lifetime, the capital accumulation rate will almost always be lower than the TSR rate. Second, the remarkable historical growth in accumulated capital from reinvested dividends can mistakenly persuade some investors that dividends, rather than price appreciation, govern investment performance. Departures from 100% dividend reinvestment affect capital accumulation, and once investors make the dividend reinvestment decision, capital accumulation depends entirely on price appreciation.
Marketing eco-fashion: The influence of brand name and message explicitness

This study investigated the influence of two variables – brand name and message explicitness – on attitude toward advertisement and attitude toward brand, and further, explored the impact of attitude toward advertisement, attitude toward brand, and other variables on consumer purchase intention. A questionnaire with an experimental design component was administered to 343 college students. Results revealed that respondents formed positive attitudes toward apparel brand when the advertising message contained explicit information about environmentally friendly products. Attitude toward brand, subjective norm, attitude toward advertisement, eco-fashion involvement, and environmental commitment were strong predictors of intention to purchase an environmentally friendly apparel brand. Implications are that apparel marketers may build more positive attitudes toward brands by providing explicit information about environmentally friendly products in their marketing claims. This may be one way for marketers to att...
An accurate and precise methodology for routine determination of the false-negative rate of Papanicolaou smear screening

BACKGROUND Although the false-negative rate (FNR) is the most important quality control measure for Papanicolaou smear screening, accurate, precise, and feasible methods for determining this value are lacking. METHODS The author undertook an analysis and review of the literature. RESULTS The best estimates of the FNR using atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) as a threshold range from 17% to 61%. Sources of error in the accuracy of this measure that must be accounted for include the FNR of the review method, differences in diagnostic thresholds between the original diagnostic method and the review method, and differences in diagnostic accuracy between the original diagnostic method and the review method. Statistically precise (valid to within 10%) measurement of this value in laboratories with an ASCUS+ rate of 7% can be made from interlaboratory rescreening of approximately 1200–1500 randomly selected normal and abnormal slides along with both laboratories rediagnosing without rescreening 300–400 benign cellular change and ASCUS slides to determine the difference in diagnostic threshold. Consensus for each slide is not required with this method. Changing the threshold to low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (best estimate FNR, 14–58%) requires review of significantly more slides to achieve the same statistical level of precision. CONCLUSIONS Detailed analysis of the sources of error in determining the FNR allow creation of methods that are relatively unbiased, feasible, and testable and whose accuracy and precision can be determined. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2001;93:86–92. © 2001 American Cancer Society.
Canonical seeds and Prikry trees

Applying the seed concept to Prikry tree forcing ℙ μ , I investigate how well ℙ μ preserves the maximality property of ordinary Prikry forcing and prove that ℙ μ , Prikry sequences are maximal exactly when μ admits no non-canonical seeds via a finite iteration. In particular, I conclude that if μ is a strongly normal supercompactness measure, then ℙ μ Prikry sequences are maximal, thereby proving, for a large class of measures, a conjecture of W. Hugh Woodin's.
Comment on "Density-matrix formulation of ab initio methods of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics"

Most of the results of the recent paper by A. Redondo [Phys. Rev. A 39, 4366 (1989)] are both well-known and well documented in literature. Parts of the first-order density matrix history are briefly reviewed.
Closed-loop model for general multirate digital control systems

The paper develops a model for a closed-loop digital control system that incorporates multirate sampling with dynamic compensation. The model completely represents system behaviour at a base sampling rate and at the integral multiple sampling rates in the system. A key feature of the model is that sampling rates can be modified conveniently, without significantly changing the structure of the model. Based on the multirate closed-loop system model, frequency-domain transfer characteristics of the system are developed. These functions are presented in such a way that the performance of different sampling regimes can be compared directly. The eigenvalues of the closed-loop system are also defined so that effects of sampling rate variation may be investigated. An example is included to illustrate use of the model
Dy 2+ :CaF 2 saturable-absorber Q switch for the ruby laser

Passive Q switching of a flash-lamp-pumped ruby laser has been demonstrated with a Dy2+:CaF2 saturable absorber at room temperature. Typically a single Q-switched pulse of 4.5 mJ and 94 ns was observed. At 694 nm, the ground-state absorption cross section and the excited-state absorption cross section of the Dy2+:CaF2 absorber were found to be 1.2 × 10−18 cm2 and 0.9 × 10−18 cm2, respectively, with a four-level slow-relaxing saturable-absorber model.
Charge dependence of pion production in heavy ion collisions

Benenson et al.1 measured the pion production cross-section in nuclear heavy ion collisions in the energy range 100–400 MeV per nucleon with the aim of determining whether collective effects associated with the larger number of nucleons were present in the pion field. An instability in the pion field, such as the putative pion condensation phase transition2, would give rise to an enhanced number of physical pions. The expected production cross-section, in the absence of collective effects, is found from two simple models. One of these is a statistical model, in which the number of pions is calculated from a statistical equilibrium. At the other extreme, the nucleons in the target and projectile are assumed to be free and independent, except for their Fermi momentum, and create pions by two-body collisions. The experimental cross-section at the lowest energy was found to be larger than either model by at least an order of magnitude3, suggesting that collective effects are indeed present. Interestingly, the cross-section had unexpectedly strong dependence on the charge of the pion produced. At the highest energy studied, 400 MeV per nucleon, many more π− than π+ were produced in the forward direction. At the lowest energy studied, 100 MeV per nucleon, the relative yields are reversed, with more π+ produced. The experimental ratios of π− to π+, R−/+ = dσπ−d3p/dσπ+d3p are quoted in Table 1. Benenson et al.1 explain the π− enhancement in terms of the Coulomb distortions of the pion wavefunctions. Here I include in the same framework an explanation of the low energy result.
Cusped wave fronts in anisotropic elastic plates

Abstract A method, applied previously to isotropic plates, is extended to anisotropic plates to obtain the high-frequency transient response for cases where some of the wave fronts are cusped. A multitude of wave fronts are found, which result from the multiple reflections in the plate and which are not present in the isotropic case or in some anisotropic cases. Wave-front approximations and the approximate response near the tips of cusped wave fronts are derived from integral representations for the response.
Application of whitworth quick return mechanism for high velocity impacting press

Abstract The Whitworth quick return mechanism has been modified and used for constructing high-velocity impacting press. The impacting press drive comprises a Whitworth quick return mechanism consisting of a crank and a drive arm together with a variable speed d.c. motor, a flywheel, bearings, etc. The end of the drive arm is attached by a connecting rod to a cycloidal cam. In single cycle operation, the cam is made to engage with an upper platen (or ram) which impacts the workpiece. The upper platen and cam are both mounted on multirod supports with linear ball bushings. A brake is provided on the flywheel for emergency purposes. The high-speed impacting presses are subject to severe dynamic forces when operating at speeds of 200 rpm and greater. Although the mechanism has been designed to withstand operation at higher frequencies, the loads transmitted to the building foundations cause unwanted vibrations and noise. This paper also examines the causes of the unbalanced forces and means to reduce the loads transmitted to the foundations of the high velocity impacting press. An analysis is presented which yields an approximate expression for the angular displacement, velocity and acceleration of the quick return mechanism. Rapid changes in acceleration and high-peak values contribute to the severity of the problem. The bearing reaction forces are determined. Different approaches of this problem have been discussed and analyzed.