cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Capsule Commentary on Gonzalo et al., Patient-Centered Interprofessional Collaborative Care: Factors Associated with Bedside Interprofessional Rounds

Gone are the days of a sagely white-haired diagnostician leading a team of learners to a patient’s bedside and extolling wisdom to his attentive listeners. Today’s rounds are more likely to take place in a hallway or conference room with a computer at center stage instead of the patient.1 This occurs despite the fact that patients prefer to interact with the care team at the bedside.2, 3 In the article “Patient-Centered Interprofessional Collaborative Care: Factors Associated with Bedside Interprofessional Rounds”, Gonzalo et al. examine factors that promote bedside interprofessional rounds (BIR).4 The Affordable Care Act and the potential emergence of more patient-centered and quality-based care are bringing increased attention to the benefits of collaborative care. Healthcare that intentionally includes doctors and other health professionals results in increased care coordination, shared decision making, and communication, all of which are important to meeting the Institute of Healthcare Improvement’s Triple Aim of improving the patient experience (quality and satisfaction), improving health of populations, and reducing costs. Gonzalo and colleagues in an observational study of 412 rounding encounters with 25 attending physicians found that BIR occurred in 64 % of rounding encounters and was more likely to take place if the census size was less than 12, the attending had less than 5 years of experience (compared to attendings with more than 16 years of experience), a senior resident was on the team, or rounds occurred on a weekday. Interprofessional education and patient-centered care deserve increased attention, as there is ample evidence that health care delivered by multidisciplinary teams improves outcomes.5 Gonzalo’s study is the first to examine what factors make BIR more or less likely to occur. There was no data provided on patient-centered outcomes, such as patient satisfaction and no data on learner perceptions of the effectiveness of these rounds. This research offers medical educators interested in maximizing patient-centered interprofessional care the opportunity to anticipate areas of challenge and make more informed decisions about program implementation. The best news that emerges from this study is that bedside rounds are still being conducted regularly.
Simulation of Large Fragment Impacts on Shear-Thickening Fluid Kevlar Fabric Barriers

Hybrid-particle-element methods developed for woven fabric impact modeling offer a new computational approach to fabric barrier design. Simulations performed using this technique have shown good agreement with small fragment impact experiments, and they capture the complex multilayer fabric dynamics observed in high-speed videos of impact testing. In recent research, the numerical method has been applied and evaluated in large fragment impact simulations, and it has been extended in order to model the inertial, thermodynamic, and energy dissipation properties of shear-thickening fluid Kevlar®. Simulations of large fragment impacts at velocities near 1000 ft=s show good agreement with neat Kevlar test data for perforated targets, but they diverge at near-ballistic limit conditions. Consistent with the experiment, the simulations indicate that, for the particular fabric and fluid combination investigated, shear-thickening fluid treatment does not improve the ballistic performance of neat fabric barriers when measured on an areal density basis. The simulations also suggest that shear-thickening effects may not play a major role in determining the ballistic performance of the augmented fabric.
White matter microstructural abnormalities in girls with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, Fragile X or Turner syndrome as evidenced by diffusion tensor imaging

Children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), Fragile X syndrome (FXS), or Turner syndrome (TS) are considered to belong to distinct genetic groups, as each disorder is caused by separate genetic alterations. Even so, they have similar cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions, particularly in visuospatial and numerical abilities. To assess evidence for common underlying neural microstructural alterations, we set out to determine whether these groups have partially overlapping white matter abnormalities, relative to typically developing controls. We scanned 101 female children between 7 and 14years old: 25 with 22q11.2DS, 18 with FXS, 17 with TS, and 41 aged-matched controls using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Anisotropy and diffusivity measures were calculated and all brain scans were nonlinearly aligned to population and site-specific templates. We performed voxel-based statistical comparisons of the DTI-derived metrics between each disease group and the controls, while adjusting for age. Girls with 22q11.2DS showed lower fractional anisotropy (FA) than controls in the association fibers of the superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculi, the splenium of the corpus callosum, and the corticospinal tract. FA was abnormally lower in girls with FXS in the posterior limbs of the internal capsule, posterior thalami, and precentral gyrus. Girls with TS had lower FA in the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, right internal capsule and left cerebellar peduncle. Partially overlapping neurodevelopmental anomalies were detected in all three neurogenetic disorders. Altered white matter integrity in the superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculi and thalamic to frontal tracts may contribute to the behavioral characteristics of all of these disorders.
Synthesis of deuterium and carbon-13 labelled lipids

Abstract Methods of preparing deuterated fatty acids by exchange and reduction, reaction with small deuterated compounds and synthesis using deuterated intermediates and biological synthesis are discussed. About 100 deuterated fatty acids are listed. Synthesis of a number of deuterated glycerides and phospholipids are also described. Preparations of twenty [13C]fatty acids and a few [13C]phospholipids are considered.
Santa Barbara Basin diatom and silicoflagellate response to global climate anomalies during the past 2200 years

Santa Barbara Basin (SBB) diatom and silicoflagellate assemblages are quantified from a box core record spanning AD 1940–2001 and an Ocean Drilling Program Hole 893A record from ∼220 BC to AD 1880. The combined relative abundance of the diatoms Fragilariopsis doliolus and Nitzschia interrupteseriata from continuous two-year sampling intervals in the box core varies with sea surface temperature (SST), suggesting its utility in SST reconstruction. The assemblage data from the ODP 893A record indicate a broad interval of generally cooler SSTs between ∼AD 800 and 1350, which corresponds to the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), a period of generally warmer temperatures across other regions of the northern hemisphere. The assemblages also indicate an interval of generally warmer SSTs between ∼AD 1400 and 1800, a period of otherwise global cooling referred to as the Little Ice Age (LIA). The changes in assemblages of diatoms and silicoflagellates support the hypothesis that the widespread droughts of the Medieval Climate Anomaly in the Western US were associated with cooler eastern North Pacific SST. The box core assemblages have higher percentages of tropical and subtropical compared to temperate and subpolar species than the ODP samples, reflecting a response of phytoplankton communities to an unusual 20th century warming. Pseudonitzschia australis, a diatom linked with domoic acid production, begins to become more common (>3% of the diatom assemblage) in the box core only after AD 1985, suggesting a link to anthropogenic activity.
Comparisons of electron fluxes measured in the crustal fields at Mars by the MGS magnetometer/electron reflectometer instrument with a B field–dependent transport code

[1] We compare Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) magnetometer/electron reflectometer data with results from a B field–dependent kinetic transport code for ‘‘superthermal’’ electrons. The photoelectrons created on crustal field loops, when they are on the dayside, allow for the exploration of the magnetic topology and the upper atmospheric density structure. A case study of a typical orbit of the MGS satellite through the strong crustal field region in the southern hemisphere of Mars is examined. The results indicate that the low solar wind dynamic pressure during the selected orbit allowed for the expansion of the crustal field line to relatively high altitudes. Another feature of the photoelectrons in the crustal field region is that the distribution at high energies (E > 100 eV) is far more isotropic than what is expected from collisional scattering processes alone. Several candidate processes are discussed that might be preferentially scattering high-energy electrons. A final conclusion is that a two-stream model is inadequate for effectively examining photoelectron pitch angle distributions at Mars in the presence of the crustal fields. INDEX TERMS: 5435 Planetology: Solid Surface Planets: Ionospheres (2459); 5443 Planetology: Solid Surface Planets: Magnetospheres (2756); 2459 Ionosphere: Planetary ionospheres (5435, 5729, 6026, 6027, 6028); 2756 Magnetospheric Physics: Planetary magnetospheres (5443, 5737, 6030); KEYWORDS: photoelectrons, plasma transport, Mars, magnetic fields
Cottage cheese whey as an ingredient of cottage cheese dressing mixes

The objective of this study was to formulate and develop a good quality cottage cheese dressing using acid whey as the main ingredient. Up to 72% of cottage cheese whey was used in the dressing mixes. The percentage of fat (4.10-5.05%) and total solids (19.41-20.24%) approached the desired level and was within the legal limits for regular cottage cheese. Sensory evaluation scores for flavour, body/texture and appearance were not adversely affected by the use of acid whey. The sensory evaluation scores for all four products made with whey- or skimmed milk-based dressings were higher than the commercial control.
Fluid inclusions as tectonothermobarometers: Relation between pressure-temperature history and reequilibration morphology during crustal thickening

Results of experimental reequilibration studies of natural primary aqueous inclusions in quartz under conditions of hydrostatic compressive loading at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 kbar and 500 °C indicate that the intensity of reequilibration features is inversely proportional to inclusion volume. The smallest inclusions show the first evidence of reequilibration (dissolution of inclusion walls) after ∼1.8 kbar of effective pressure. For effective pressures less than ∼3.8 kbar, decrepitation of inclusions is probably controlled by the corrosive action of water on the inclusion walls. At higher effective pressures, decrepitation is related to high compressive stress and is less dependent on fluid interaction with the inclusion walls. The observed correlation between inclusion size, intensity of reequilibration features, and amount of loading, combined with paragenetic and microthermometric data for the inclusions, may be used to determine the pressure-temperature history of the inclusions and their host rocks.
Grain Growth in UO2-Al,O3 in the Presence of a Liquid Phase

The theory of grain growth in the presence of a liquid phase is examined using modifications of equations derived for coalescence of solid particles widely dispersed in a liquid. Although the grain diameter-time relation can still be represented by d3=kt, the absolute growth rates are increased as the amount of liquid is decreased. The grain growth kinetics in UO2 compacts containing 0.5 wtyo A12O3 were studied for temperatures between 1960° and 2200°C. The interrelation of grain size, temperature, and time is in agreement with that predicted by the theory.
Dose-response relationships between pollination and fruiting refine pollinator comparisons for cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon [Ericaceae])

Comparisons of pollinator efficacy using pollen received on stigmas can be refined by incorporating experimental dose-response relationships for pollen deposition and fruiting responses. A range of discrete pollen doses applied to cranberry stigmas resulted in decelerating curvilinear responses for fruiting, berry size, and seed set. Minimum thresholds and maximum asymptotes bounded reproductive responses to incremental stigmatic pollen loads. Four bee species were compared for their pollination efficacies on commercial cranberries, using counts of pollen received by stigmas during single bee visits to previously virgin flowers. Differences between these bee species were found to be exaggerated when raw pollen counts were used for comparison because foragers of some species often delivered pollen in excess of that needed to maximize fruit and seed production. Sixfold differences between species in mean pollen deposition translated into 1.5-2-fold differences in predicted cranberry fruit set and size. Implications for pollen tube competition and agricultural production are discussed.
Fixation Stability Measurement Using Two Types of Microperimetry Devices

PURPOSE We compared the fixation stability measurements obtained with two microperimeters, the Micro Perimeter 1 (MP-1) and the Spectral OCT/SLO (OCT/SLO), in subjects with and without maculopathies. METHODS A total of 41 eyes with no known ocular diseases and 45 eyes with maculopathies were enrolled in the study. Both eyes of each participant had a 20-second fixation test using the MP-1 and OCT/SLO. The bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA) was used for fixation stability evaluation. RESULTS In the normal group, BCEA was 2.93 ± 0.32 log minarc2 on OCT/SLO and 2.89 ± 0.30 log minarc2 on MP-1. In the maculopathy group, BCEA was 3.05 ± 0.41 log minarc2 on OCT/SLO and 3.15 ± 0.46 log minarc2 on MP-1. There was no statistically significant difference between the BCEA measured by OCT/SLO and by MP-1 in both groups. A moderate correlation was found between the two devices (r = 0.45, P < 0.001). The sample size during the fixation test was 535.5 ± 14.6 pairs of coordinates in the normal group and 530.7 ± 14.9 pairs in the maculopathy group with MP-1, while it was 72.3 ± 6.9 and 59.9 ± 10.1, respectively, with OCT/SLO. This was due to different tracking frequencies between the two microperimeters. CONCLUSION Fixation stability assessment yields similar results using the OCT/SLO and MP-1. A major difference in sampling rate between the two microperimeters does not significantly affect BCEA measurements. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE Fixation stability assessments are comparable and interchangeable between the OCT/SLO and the MP-1.
A Genome-Wide Analysis of Arabidopsis Rop-Interactive CRIB Motif–Containing Proteins That Act as Rop GTPase Targets

The plant-specific Rop family GTPases are versatile molecular switches in many processes during plant growth, development, and responses to the environment. To understand how Rop achieves its functional versatility in signaling, we performed a genome-wide identification of putative Rop targets using a combination of the yeast two-hybrid method, bioinformatic tools, and a robust functional assay in pollen. In this study, we have identified 11 Arabidopsis genes encoding novel proteins, termed RICs (for Rop-interactive CRIB motif‐containing proteins), that contain a CRIB (for Cdc42/Rac-interactive binding) motif required for their specific interaction with GTP-bound Rop1. RICs are divergent and classified into five groups that share little sequence homology outside of the conserved Rop-interactive domain. Overexpression in tobacco pollen tubes of the nine Ric genes that are expressed in Arabidopsis pollen causes distinct phenotypes, implying distinct functions for various RICs. RIC3 (group III) and RIC4 (group V) both cause depolarized growth like Rop1 and display Rop1-enhanced localization to the tip of pollen tubes, suggesting that these RICs may be two distinct targets of Rop1. In contrast, RIC10 (group I) promotes pollen tube elongation but does not affect pollen tube growth polarity and shows Rop1-independent localization to the cytoplasm, suggesting that RIC10 may participate in a Rop1-independent pathway probably controlled by a different Rop. Expression of all other RICs causes various degrees of growth inhibition in pollen tubes. Furthermore, these inhibitory RICs also exhibit distinct patterns of localization in pollen tubes. Our results suggest that various RICs have evolved to interact with Rops differentially and to perform distinct functions in pollen tubes. Reverse transcriptase‐mediated polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that six of the nine RICs are expressed in various parts of Arabidopsis plants. On the basis of these observations, we propose that RICs function as Rop GTPase targets that control various Rop-dependent signaling pathways in plants.
Modeling of dynamic video traffic

We propose a simple two-state Markov modulated AR process to model the traffic created by a variable bit rate video coder. This model performs better than currently proposed models, especially for video coded with a variable group-of-pictures (GOP) structure.
Autophagy as a Stress Response Pathway in the Immune System

Macroautophagy, hereafter, referred to as autophagy, has long been regarded as a housekeeping pathway involved in intracellular degradation and energy recycling. These housekeeping and homeostatic functions are especially important during cellular stress, such as periods of nutrient deprivation. However, importance of autophagy extends far beyond its degradative functions. Recent evidence shows that autophagy plays an essential role in development, organization and functions of the immune system, and defects in autophagy lead to several diseases, including cancer and autoimmunity. In the immune system, autophagy is important in regulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses. This review focuses on the roles of autophagy in the adaptive immune system. We first introduce the autophagy pathway and provide a brief description of the major molecular players involved in autophagy. We then discuss the importance of autophagy as a stress integrator mechanism and provide relevant examples of this role of a...
Compiler-directed resource management for active code regions

Recent studies on program execution behavior reveal that a large amount of execution time is spent in small frequently executed regions of code. Whereas adaptive cache management systems focus on allocating cache resources based on execution access patterns, this paper presents a method of using compiler analysis to manage critical processor resources. With the addition of new architecture techniques to direct the utilization of instruction and data cache resources, the compiler can guard the most active regions of program execution from cache contention issues. The effect is that the overall performance of programs can be improved by either selectively granting each dynamic region a priority level for using cache and memory resources or providing active regions with dedicated cache structures.
Input filter design criteria for current-programmed regulators

The design of input filters for switched-mode regulators is discussed, and it is shown that the filter's effect on the power system depends on the control method used in the regulator's DC-DC converter. Design inequalities are reviewed for duty-ratio programmed converters, and specific expressions are presented for current-programmed converters. Examples of application to practical regulator circuits are given where current-programmed criteria, computer-driven measurement tools, and numerical evaluations of analytic expressions are used to design input filters. >
Treatment of Clinical Mastitis

In summary, culture-based therapy and severity levels are key to management of clinical mastitis. Antibiotic therapy should be strongly considered for gram-positive clinical mastitis. Antibiotic therapy is not necessary for mild-to-moderate gram-negative clinical mastitis. Antibiotic therapy is warranted for practically all severe clinical mastitis as well as fluids and anti-inflammatory drugs. Clinical mastitis cases due to yeast and fungal pathogens or no growth isolates do not warrant antibiotic therapy.
Religion, Law and Violence: The State's Efforts at Taming the Beast

Religion represents one of the most powerful and volatile social forces confronted by the state. It predates the state and, by its own confession, promises to outlive the state. Through its ability to meet the spiritual and existential needs of people, it unites and motivates its adherents far more effectively than any other social institution – or the state itself. When directed towards violence, religious followers act with abandon. As such, throughout recorded history the state has sought to control religion, through law, so as to harness its power for state purposes and avoid religion becoming a threat to its own control or its very existence.In the West, analysis of religion, law and violence has focused on the development of laws protecting religious freedom and the non-establishment of religion both domestically and internationally as a defense against religiously identified violence. These approaches, however, represent only two strands among the complicated web of legal relationships between the state and religiously associated violence developed and practiced throughout the world. Moreover, they are culturally contingent approaches, drawing their salience from the broader development of political liberalism. They focus on only one understanding of religion and a narrow interpretation of religiously associated violence. This leads to misunderstandings between the West and the rest of the world in international efforts to confront the challenges of religiously identified violence.In order to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the relationships between the law and religiously identified violence, in this chapter I will analyze two typologies of relationships between religion and the state: first, those in which the state seeks to harness the power of religion for its own ends; and second, those in which the state seeks to avoid domestic threats posed by religion. I will then consider the limitations of each approach in addressing religiously identified violence in the domestic and international context. In pursuing this analysis, I adopt more encompassing definitions of religion and violence than that commonly used in the literature.
Demonstration of a Novel Alkaline Battery Cathode Material: Periodate Salts

An unusual solubility domain for KIO4 in KOH solution is observed, which is consistent with a potential use of periodate as a cathode for alkaline batteries. With increasing alkalinity, the solubility of KIO4 first increases, then drops from 2.9 M to < 10−4 M with increase from 6 to 10 M KOH. The unusual rapid transition from high to low solubility with increasing KOH is attributed to the formation of insoluble periodate complex. Accompanying the favorable low solubility in concentrated KOH is a high degree of cathodic electroactivity in accord with two electron storage: IO4− ⊒ IO3−. Low cathode salt solubility minimizes interference with the anode. Zn anode alkaline batteries are studied with KIO4 and NaIO4 cathodes, have a potential of 1.4-1.5 V and discharge to over 95% of the intrinsic 2e− charge capacity. The cathode also exhibits good quasi reversibility (rechargeability) with an alkaline metal hydride anode.
Productivity and the Moral Manager

In this article, the authors argue that there is a positive relationship between productivity and morality in public-sector organizations. If there are ethical problems such as corruption in such organizations, the administrative answer typically is added rules, more complex procedures, and greater sanctions. In other words, we increase organizational red tape to confront our ethical problems rather than address the real problem directly. Using a systems modeling approach informed by Kohlberg’s moral development theory and Friedrich’s view of “inner controls,” we suggest (a) a more direct method to assess the level of ethical development in organizations and (b) a technique by which to improve public-sector organization productivity that places greater emphasis on individual morality rather than on more administrative controls.
Enhancement of radiation response with bevacizumab.

Background Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a critical role in tumor angiogenesis. Bevacizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that neutralizes VEGF. We examined the impact on radiation response by blocking VEGF signaling with bevacizumab.
Dual Pattern of Potassium Transport in Plant Cells: A Physical Artifact of a Single Uptake Mechanism

Analysis of potassium transport in plant root cells shows two rate-influencing regions: an unstirred boundary layer adjacent to the cell wall acts as a rate-limiting region and the negatively charged cell wall acts as a rate-enhancing region. The rate-enhancing region gives rise to a pseudo 'dual mechanism'. These two regions act in concert to influence significantly the characteristics of the concentration-dependent potassium uptake process. The anomalous ion uptake behaviour found in the literature is explained on the basis of a single active uptake mechanism operating under the influence of these two regions. The most critical property in support of the concept of a 'dual mechanism' for cation uptake in plant roots is explained on this basis. It is unnecessary to invoke separate groups of enzymes, each one of which is active over different concentration ranges. One mechanism operating over the entire concentration range is sufficient.
Simple vs Complex Models of the Coronary Circulation—The Tradeoffs

Mathematical models of biological systems are useful in testing hypotheses, synthesizing a variety of data, and evaluating the effect of interventions on model parameters. A number of models of the coronary circulation have been published in recent years, motivated by increased interest in the dynamics of coronary blood flow. The number of circuit elements ranges from 4–60. This paper discusses the relative advantages of simple and complex models. Simple models permit parameter identification using optimization techniques and thus can be used to measure the effect of interventions on model parameters. They are not able to describe more detailed features of coronary flow such as transmural flow variations, and unique anatomic interpretation of model parameters is not always possible. More complex models provide a more precise anatomic interpretation of parameters and a more detailed description of flow. In these models it is generally necessary to estimate model parameters from a variety of sources, and different combinations of model parameters may provide an equally good fit to the data. The best choice of model depends on the objective of a particular study.
THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF BERGENITE, A NEW GEOMETRICAL ISOMER OF THE PHOSPHURANYLITE GROUP

The crystal structure of bergenite, ideally Ca2Ba4[(UO2)3O2(PO4)2]3(H2O)16, monoclinic, space group P21/c, a 10.092(1), b 17.245(2), c 17.355(2) A, 113.678(2)°, V 2766.2(3) A 3 , Z = 2, Dcalc 4.82 g/cm 3 , was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares techniques on the basis of F 2 to agreement indices R1 of 5.0% calculated for 4118 unique observed reflections (|Fo| ≥ 4F), and wR2 of 11.9% for all data. Intensity data were collected at room temperature using MoK radiation and a CCD-based area detector. The structure of bergenite contains five symmetrically independent uranium atoms, each of which is part of a (UO2) 2+ uranyl ion. The uranyl ions of U(1), U(2) and U(3) are coordinated by five additional ligands giving pentagonal bipyramids, and the uranyl ions of U(4) and U(5) are coordinated by six additional ligands yielding hexagonal bipyramids. The uranyl pentagonal bipyramids share edges, forming dimers, which are linked to uranyl hexagonal bipyramids on either side, resulting in chains of bipyramids. Each uranyl hexagonal bipyramid shares two equatorial edges with phosphate tetrahedra, and the resulting uranyl phosphate chains are linked into sheets by the sharing of vertices of phosphate tetrahedra with uranyl pentagonal bipyramids of adjacent chains. The uranyl phosphate sheet in bergenite is a new geometrical isomer of the phosphuranylite group; the phosphate tetrahedra between the uranyl chains vary orientations in an up-up-down up-up-down (uuduud) pattern, and the pairs of tetrahedra attached to uranyl hexagonal bipyramids change orientations in a complementary same-same-opposite (SSO) manner (symbol uuduudSSO). In bergenite, the uranyl phosphate sheets are oriented parallel to (¯ and the interlayer contains one calcium atom, two barium atoms and eight symmetrically distinct H2O groups.
An Atlas of Diseases of the Nail

Readers are attracted to books by their appearance as well as their subject, and this one looks tempting, with stylish layout, clear headings and a good balance of pictures and text. The introductory chapter on nail anatomy and basic science is straightforward, although the two references are at least 7 years old. An alphabetical catalogue of nail signs and their definitions is neat and concise until ‘O’, where it digresses into aetiology and management. A classification by colour is marred by linguistic indecision, with separate sections on ‘red nails’ and ‘erythronychia’. Chapters on infections, signs of cutaneous and systemic disease, and age-related disorders contain repetitions, inaccuracies and the sort of pictures most dermatologists keep in their collections. By the time we reach ‘nail surgery’ and ‘nail cosmetics’ the temptation has worn off. It is unclear who this book is aimed at. Those keen to differentiate onychorrhexis, onychauxis and onychocryptosis (caused by ‘faulty biomechanics in the elderly’) would want more facts. It is impossible to look them up because the index, at least in my copy, stops abruptly and mysteriously at N (for nail). Those seeking treatment advice will find it unreferenced, incomplete and sometimes bizarre: examples include biotin for brittle nails, omission of amorolfine and tioconazole as topical antifungals, and digital amputation for keratoacanthoma. Illustrations of ‘epidermolysis bullosa simplex’ (which rarely affects the nails) clearly show the scarring, milia and nail dystrophy characteristic of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. I would like the lay public to learn that those ubiquitous little white dots and lines (‘punctate and transverse leuconychia’) are caused by minor trauma, not calcium deficiency, but despite its coffee-table format this is not a book to leave in your sitting room. Some gruesome pictures are rendered more lurid by unfortunate colour balancing, while others are mercifully overexposed. To their credit, these authors clearly love their subject. They particularly like Beau's lines, which pop up with almost the same text in three different chapters. They enthuse over longitudinal ridges and bands. They enjoy nail pits. And they cannot resist the visual economy of photographing nails next to an associated anomaly. This is sometimes effective—for example, in showing the nail and mucosal pigmentation of Laugier-Hunziger syndrome. More often one or both abnormalities are out of focus, the patients apparently gesturing incomprehensibly. At least this atlas demonstrates a trick unknown to medical photographers, that fingernails are better photographed from the palmar aspect of the hand with fingers flexed and nails approximated, than from the dorsal aspect with fingers straight and nails far apart.
Taking clinical judgment out of the equation : a call for the standardization of MCI diagnostic criteria and construction of a model to predict conversion to dementia.

Although the diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment have evolved considerably since their inception, they remain varied and able to be interpreted and implemented in different ways depending on the judgment of the clinician. Because of this issue, a wide range of incidence, prevalence, and conversion rates are found in the research literature. Using data collected from 400 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment, limitations inherent in current mild cognitive impairment diagnostic criteria were addressed. First, using Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative diagnostic criteria, an equation was constructed to predict conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia by analyzing the predictive ability of variables representative of a number of categories (i.e., demographic, psychiatric, functional, biomarker, imaging, and cognitive). This model accounted for over 60% of variance in conversion and exhibited an area under the curve of 0.93. Then, separate models were constructed using different applications of the current diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment. As expected, criteria utilizing a one standard deviation clinical cutoff on a measure of delayed verbal recall in combination with the allowance for some functional change (i.e., scores =5 on the Functional Activities Questionnaire) exhibited the greatest utility of any combination of diagnostic criteria. Taken together, these results indicate that statistical equations can be constructed to predict conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia and be tailored for widespread clinical use. Moreover, these results show that the standardization of current diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment is clearly needed.
Targeted genomic sequencing of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma reveals recurrent alterations in NF-κB regulatory genes

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm with a variable and unpredictable clinical course. The genetic alterations that drive tumorigenesis in follicular dendritic cell sarcoma are largely unknown. One recent study performed BRAF sequencing and found V600E mutations in 5 of 27 (19%) cases. No other recurrent genetic alterations have been reported. The aim of the present study was to identify somatic alterations in follicular dendritic cell sarcoma by targeted sequencing of a panel of 309 known cancer-associated genes. DNA was isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from 13 cases of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma and submitted for hybrid capture-based enrichment and massively parallel sequencing with the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Recurrent loss-of-function alterations were observed in tumor suppressor genes involved in the negative regulation of NF-κB activation (5 of 13 cases, 38%) and cell cycle progression (4 of 13 cases, 31%). Loss-of-function alterations in the NF-κB regulatory pathway included three cases with frameshift mutations in NFKBIA and two cases with bi-allelic loss of CYLD. Both cases with CYLD loss were metastases and carried concurrent alterations in at least one cell cycle regulatory gene. Alterations in cell cycle regulatory genes included two cases with bi-allelic loss of CDKN2A, one case with bi-allelic loss of RB1, and one case with a nonsense mutation in RB1. Last, focal copy-number gain of chromosome 9p24 including the genes CD274 (PD-L1) and PDCD1LG2 (PD-L2) was noted in three cases, which represents a well-described mechanism of immune evasion in cancer. These findings provide the first insight into the unique genomic landscape of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma and suggest shared mechanisms of tumorigenesis with a subset of other tumor types, notably B-cell lymphomas.
THE ANTIPROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF SERUM: I. THE NATURE AND EXPERIMENTAL VARIATION OF THE ANTIPROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF SERUM

1. An equation is derived for the calculation of a constant which, experimental results indicate, may be a more reliable index of the antiproteolytic activity of serum than those equations hitherto used. 2. (a) Intramuscular administration of trypsin resulted in a slow rise in the antiproteolytic activity of the serum, followed by a lesser decline. (b) Intravenous administration resulted in no appreciable variation. (c) Oral administration resulted in a rapid rise, which was sustained during the period of administration. (d) Intramuscular, intravenous, or oral administration of denatured trypsin resulted in no appreciable variation. (e) The extent of the local necrosis following subcutaneous injection of trypsin varied inversely with the antiproteolytic activity of the serum. 3. The experimental results indicate that the products of protein hydrolysis in the intestine and parenterally are an important factor in the antiproteolytic activity of the serum. They also indicate that antibodies to trypsin are not an important factor in the antiproteolytic activity of the serum.
Spore ontogeny in species of Sarcoscypha

The scarlet cup fungus, Sarcoscypha coccinea (Pezizales), has been suggested to be a complex of species. Spore ontogeny of S. coccinea, S. dudleyi, and S. occidentalis were studied ultrastructurall...
Nanoshape Imprint Lithography for Fabrication of Nanowire Ultracapacitors

Emerging nanoscale applications in energy, electronics, and medicine require high throughput patterning with complex shape control at the nanoscale that is beyond the capabilities of optical lithography and block copolymer-based self-assembly. We introduce a technique for creating precise two-dimensional nanoshapes with sharp corners by imprint lithography, and apply it to enable shaped silicon nanowire capacitors that significantly exceed standard nanowire capacitor performance due to relative increase in surface area per unit projected area. The patterning technique employs atomic layer deposition to fabricate a template with diamond-like shapes consisting of corners with 2 nm radii of curvature. Template materials and chemical staining of the imprint polymer enable precise imaging of the template and replicated resist. Continuum mechanics appears no longer applicable at the length scale of ∼3 nm. A systematic increase in the radius of the imprinted corner is observed contrary to predictions by a linear elastic continuum model shedding new light on shape relaxation of polymers, and on the limits of nanoshape replicability by imprint lithography. Novel diamond-shaped silicon nanowires (100-nm half-pitch) have been fabricated using nanoshape imprint followed by metal-assisted chemical etching, and have been incorporated into shaped nanowire capacitors that exceed standard nanowire capacitors performance by ∼90%. The 3-nm resolution limit does not degrade the performance of the shaped capacitor. This increased capacitance validates the ability to preserve nanoshape cross section during patterning and deep etching over large areas. Lithographic scaling to 10-nm half-pitch has the potential to further increase capacitance by a factor of 10.
An individual with human immunodeficiency virus, dementia, and central nervous system amyloid deposition

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is found in 30%–50% of individuals with HIV infection. To date, no HIV+ individual has been reported to have a positive amyloid PET scan. We report a 71-year-old HIV+ individual with HAND. Clinical and neuropsychologic evaluations confirmed a progressive mild dementia. A routine brain MRI was normal for age. [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose–PET revealed mild hypermetabolism in bilateral basal ganglia and hypometabolism of bilateral parietal cortex including the posterior cingulate/precuneus. Resting state functional MRI revealed altered connectivity as found with individuals with mild AD. CSF examination revealed a low Aβ42/tau index but a low phospho-tau. An amyloid PET/CT with [18F]florbetaben revealed pronounced cortical radiotracer deposition. This case report suggests that progressive dementia in older HIV+ individuals may be due to HAND, AD, or both. HIV infection does not preclude CNS Aβ/amyloid deposition. Amyloid PET imaging may be of value in distinguishing HAND from AD pathologies.
Impact of atorvastatin combined with ezetimibe on levels of blood lipid,NT-proBNP and inflammation indexes

[Objective]To study the impact of atorvastatin combined with ezetimibe,and single atorvastatin on the serum levels of LDL-C,NT-proBNP,MMP-9 and hsCRP in patients with hypertension complicated with diabetes mellitus,as well as the relationship between MMP-9 and hsCRP,NT-proBNP.[Methods]86 patients with hypertension complicated with diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia in Tangshan People's Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Union University were randomly divided into two groups.42 patients in the observation group were given diet control,atorvastatin 20 mg combined with ezetimibe 10 mg,while 44 patients in the control group were treated with diet control and atorvastatin 40 mg.After 12 weeks of treatment,the serum levels of LDL-C,NT-proBNP,MMP-9 and hsCRP between two groups were compared.Pearson linear correlation analysis was adopted to investigate the relationship between MMP-9 and hsCRP,NT-proBNP.[Results]The levels of LDL-C,hsCRP and MMP-9 in the observation group decreased significantly(P 0.05),and the improvement of NT-proBNP in the control group in the control group was better than that in the observation group(P 0.05).MMP-9 had an significant positive correlation with hsCRP(r = 0.352,P = 0.001),while the correlation between MMP-9 and NT-proBNP was not significant(r =-0.060,P = 0.584).[Conclusion]Atorvastatin combined with ezetimibe can decrease LDL-C level and control inflammation reaction,which the effect is better than those of single atorvastatin,and the impact of atorvastatin on NT-proBNP level is more obvious than that of atorvastatin combined with ezetimibe.There is significant positive correlation between MMP-9 level and hsCRP level,which indicates that MMP-9 is an inflammatory factor,not an indicator for evaluating cardiac function.
Bidirectional modulation of parathyroid hormone-responsive adenylyl cyclase by protein kinase C.

The temporal pattern with which phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), an activator of protein kinase C (PKC), modulates parathyroid hormone (PTH)-responsive adenylyl cyclase (AC) was evaluated in ...
Determinants of educational attainment for children in Oaxaca de Juárez, Mexico, and its long term implications for families: A longitudinal study 1987, 1992, and 1997

The purpose of this study is to assess family and child characteristics that predict school enrollment and educational attainment of 271 children in Oaxaca de Juarez, Mexico, at two different points in time, 1987 and 1992. Logistic regression equations are used to ascertain the 'Data for this study are from two projects, "A Decade of Change in Oaxaca, 1977-1987, and ^^Households in Oaxaca and Mexico's Crisis," both funded by the National Science Foundation. ^Elizabeth Wieling is a graduate student, Hioman Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University. ^Mary Winter is Professor, Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University. Earl W. Morris is Professor Emeritus Design, Housing, and Apparel, University of Minnesota and Affiliate Professor, Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University. ^Arthur D. Murphy is Professor and Chair, Anthropology, Georgia State University.
Population genetic inferences using immune gene SNPs mirror patterns inferred by microsatellites.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are replacing microsatellites for population genetic analyses, but it is not apparent how many SNPs are needed or how well SNPs correlate with microsatellites. We used data from the gopher tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus-a species with small populations, to compare SNPs and microsatellites to estimate population genetic parameters. Specifically, we compared one SNP data set (16 tortoises from four populations sequenced at 17 901 SNPs) to two microsatellite data sets, a full data set of 101 tortoises and a partial data set of 16 tortoises previously genotyped at 10 microsatellites. For the full microsatellite data set, observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and FST were correlated between SNPs and microsatellites; however, allelic richness was not. The same was true for the partial microsatellite data set, except that allelic richness, but not observed heterozygosity, was correlated. The number of clusters estimated by structure differed for each data set (SNPs = 2; partial microsatellite = 3; full microsatellite = 4). Principle component analyses (PCA) showed four clusters for all data sets. More than 800 SNPs were needed to correlate with allelic richness, observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity, but only 100 were needed for FST . The number of SNPs typically obtained from next-generation sequencing (NGS) far exceeds the number needed to correlate with microsatellite parameter estimates. Our study illustrates that diversity, FST and PCA results from microsatellites can mirror those obtained with SNPs. These results may be generally applicable to small populations, a defining feature of endangered and threatened species, because theory predicts that genetic drift will tend to outweigh selection in small populations.
Ballistic Response of Polydicyclopentadiene vs. Epoxy Resins and Effects of Crosslinking

The ballistic performance of polydicyclopentadiene (pDCPD) was investigated and compared to two epoxy resins that a have similar glass transition temperature (Tg) to pDCPD. The ballistic performance of these materials (at an effective stain rate of 104–105 s−1) was characterized by determining the kinetic energy of the projectile where there is a 50 % probability that the projectile will penetrate a witness foil behind the sample (KE50). The ballistic performance of pDCPD showed a 300–400 % improvement over the structural epoxy resins. Typical, highly crosslinked epoxy networks become brittle at low temperatures, but pDCPD has a superior ballistic performance over a broad temperature range from (−55 to 75 °C), despite having a glass transition temperature of 142 °C, which characteristic of structural resins. pDCPD also exhibited a room temperature glassy storage modulus of 1.7 GPa, making pDCPD a potential structural resin that can overcome the structural vs. energy dissipation trade-off that commonly exists with some conventional crosslinked polymers. Quasi-static measurements of pDCPD when compared to epoxy resins suggested that the performance of pDCPD relates to higher fracture toughness and lower yield stress relative to typical epoxies, while molecular dynamics simulations comparing pDCPD to epoxy resins suggest that the performance of pDCPD is due to the lack of strong non-covalent interactions and the facile formation of nanoscale voids.
Incorporating the controller effects during register transfer level synthesis

High level synthesis (HLS) has been mainly concerned with datapath synthesis of a digital system. Consequently, controller effects are often ignored when performing HLS tasks. However, the controller may sometimes have significant contributions to the overall system area and delay. Thus, it is necessary to incorporate the controller effects during HLS. Since control synthesis tools such as MISII are time consuming, it is not feasible to synthesize a controller netlist every time a high level design decision is made. As a result, it is necessary to estimate the controller contribution. As a first step towards a comprehensive prediction scheme, we present a simple yet effective controller estimation model which can be invoked during the register-transfer synthesis phase of HLS, which attempts to reflect the incremental effects of iterative RT level transformations on the controller area and delay. Our model has been bench-marked and found to efficiently account for the controller area and delay. >
Afro-futurism and the aesthetics of hope in Bekolo's Les Saignantes and Kahiu's Pumzi

This article examines how both Bekolo and Kahiu deploy afrofuturist aesthetics in their films Les Saignantes and Pumzi in order to critique afro-pessimist perspectives from which socio-economic rea...