cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TEACHING THE ART OF PROBLEM SOLVING

ABSTRACT This article describes a course in problem solving which the author taught during a January “short term”. Undergraduates not majoring in mathematics or science often find it difficult to understand and engage in true mathematical thought. The problem solving course described here was unusually successful in bringing average students to mathematical thinking.
Should INO Stay or Should INO Go: A DNA “Zip Code” Mediates Gene Retention at the Nuclear Pore

In this issue of Molecular Cell, Brickner and colleagues (Light et al., 2010) identify a DNA sequence that mediates transcriptional memory and retention of recently active INO1 at the nuclear pore complex.
Functional Equations for Weighted Entropies

We find the continuous solutions of some functional equations arising from an axiomatization of weighted utility. The axiomatization itself will be presented in a subsequent paper. The results have potential applications to the “utility of gambling” problem.
Repeatabilities of Feed and Water Consumption of Growing Chickens

Daily feed and water consumptions were obtained within 7-day periods for dwarf and normal males from lines selected for high and low juvenile body weight from 21 to 90 days of age. No significant differences were found among populations for the repeatabilities, and three measurements per week were sufficient to obtain an accurate estimate of feed and water consumption of growing chickens.
Monitoring 2005 corn belt yields from space

The U.S. corn belt, centered on Illinois, suffered extreme drought conditions during the 2005 growing season (Figure l).The April–September rainfall ranked 10th lowest of the past 113 years (see http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/monitoring.html#state). Throughout Illinois, counties were declared agricultural disaster areas and corn yields were predicted to be 30 percent less than the record year of 2004, which had the highest corn yields in the last 50 years [Christian Science Monitor, 2005]. However, the Illinois Agricultural Statistics Service estimated the overall corn yield was 145 bushels per acre, or just seven percent below the previous five-year average, with “many farmers…surprised by the better than expected yields after the drought conditions” (see http://www.agstats.state.il.us/releases/crop.pdf and http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/reports/nassr/field/pcp-bb/2005/crop 1005.pdf).This better-than-expected yield has been attributed to advancements in seed genetics, equipment, and water-management practices [Barrionuevo and Bradsher, 2005].
Evaluation of the electron transport chain inhibition and uncoupling of mitochondrial bioelectrocatalysis with antibiotics and nitro-based compounds

Abstract Mitochondrial bioelectrocatalysis can be useful for sensing applications due to the unique metabolic pathways than can be selectively inhibited and uncoupled in mitochondria. This paper details the comparison of different inhibitors and nitro-containing explosive uncouplers in a mitochondria-catalyzed biofuel cell for self-powered explosive sensing. Previous research has reported inhibition of pyruvate oxidation at a mitochondria-modified electrode followed by nitroaromatic uncoupling of current and power. We have previously used oligomycin as the antibiotic and nitrobenzene as the uncoupler of the membrane in the mitochondria-catalyzed biofuel cell, but no comprehensive comparison of various mitochondria inhibitors or explosives has been performed. Results are discussed here for inhibitors targeting complex I, complex III, ATP synthases, adenine nucleotide transport and monocarboxylic acid transport. Reactivation with nitrobenzene was possible in the presence of these inhibitors: oligomycin, 3,3′-diindolylmethane, atractyloside, rotenone, α-cyano-4-hydroxy cinnamic acid and antimycin A. All eleven explosives studied, including: 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), caused uncoupling of the mitochondria function and could be detected by the biosensor.
DIAPHRAGMATIC EFFORT AND LUNG MECHANICS ON CONVENTIONAL AND SYNCHRONIZED INTERMITTENT MANDATORY VENTILATION (IMV/SIMV)

We compared lung mechanics and EMG amplitude and duration of 11 rabbits during IMV and SIMV (Star Sync®), before and during resistive loading. SIMV response time was 50 ±13 msec. We recorded airway flow, pleural pressure, lung volume (jacket plethysmograph) and EMG (needle electrodes In the diaphragm). We computed compliance (C), resistance (R), Inspiratory work (W) and tidal volume (TV) for mechanical breaths.
Reduced Expression of Transforming Growth Factor β Type I Receptor Contributes to the Malignancy of Human Colon Carcinoma Cells

Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) type I (RI) and type II (RII) receptors are essential for TGFβ signal transduction. A human colon carcinoma cell line, designated GEO, is marginally responsive to TGFβ and expresses a low level of RI mRNA relative to colon carcinoma cells, which are highly responsive to TGFβ. Hence, the role of RI as a limiting factor for TGFβ sensitivity and the contribution of low RI levels to the malignant phenotype of GEO cells were examined. Stable transfection of a tetracycline-regulatable rat RI cDNA increased TGFβ1 binding to RI and resulted in increased growth inhibition by exogenous TGFβ1. In contrast, although stable transfection of an RII expression vector into the same GEO cells increased TGFβ1 binding to RII, growth inhibition by exogenous TGFβ1 was not altered. This indicated that the low level of RI is a limiting factor for the growth-inhibitory effects of TGFβ in GEO cells. RI-transfected cells were growth-arrested at a lower saturation density than GEO control cells. They also showed reduced growth and clonogenicity in plating efficiency and soft agarose assays, whereas RII-transfected cells did not show any differences from the NEO control cells in these assays. Tetracycline repressed RI expression in transfected cells and reversed the reduction in plating efficiency of RI-transfected clones, confirming that growth effects were due to increased RI expression in transfected cells. TGFβ1 neutralizing antibody stimulated the proliferation of RI-transfected cells but had little effect on GEO control cells, indicating that increased autocrine-negative TGFβ activity also resulted from increased RI expression. Tumorigenicity in athymic nude mice was significantly delayed in RI-transfected cells. These results indicate that low RI expression can be a limiting factor for response to exogenous TGFβ, as well as TGFβ autocrine-negative activity, and that reduction of RI expression can contribute to malignant progression.
Dietetic assessment of ambulatory cancer patients. With special attention to problem of patients suffering from head—neck cancers undergoing radiation therapy

The prime objective of nutritional surveillance of cancer patients is to set up screening criteria for those who are likely to be at risk of nutrition problems and to further assess those so identified. Interventions to improve nutritional status or comfort are called for. The single most useful item with respect to screening is careful weight measurement at every visit. Subjective reports of appetite and food intake, 24-hour recalls of dietary intake, and therapy being undergone by the patient are also useful. Assessment involves obtaining the 24-hour recall data and in some cases keeping food records, and determining the patients' food likes and dislikes. Taken together, dietary, biochemical, clinical, anthropometry, and patient history data permit us to achieve greater certainty as to the problem. Usually energy intakes are problematic, but other nutrition difficulties may also be present. Intervention with respect to diet may involve therapeutic diets, special nutrition advice, or general advice. Food assistance, help with food management, and general health education may also be necessary. Constant surveillance consisting of short encounters and follow-up are mandatory. Examples of these principles as they apply to head--neck cancers will be presented.
Theoretical considerations of laser induced fluorescence and ionization spectrometry: how close to single atom detection

Abstract The potential capability of detecting single atoms and/or of approaching the intrinsic detection limit, i.e. the limit where all external causes of noise in the system are eliminated, is discussed with respect to laser induced fluorescence and ionization spectrometry. These approaches have been chosen because of their widespread use in laboratories involved in analytical laser spectroscopy. Among the lasers, tunable dye lasers pumped by N 2 , Nd-YAG, Excimer, Cu vapor lasers and flashlamps are considered, and flames, graphite furnaces, plasmas and low pressure glow discharges are considered as atom reservoirs. From practical considerations, it is shown that none of the conventional analytical approaches used can satisfy the requirement of a true single atom detection technique, the only exception being provided by the ionization method coupled with atomization under vacuum.
The Pragmatics of “Really Mattering” on Policy Issues: William Ouchi as Exemplar

The article discusses the contribution management scholar William Ouchi has made towards making management more relevant to policy issues. Ouchi has spent 35 years studying large business organizat...
The crystal and molecular structure of beryllium hydride

Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of BeH 2 has been determined from high-resolution powder diffraction data obtained at a synchrotron radiation source. Computer indexing methods gave the unit cell as body-centered orthorhombic with a = 9.082(4), b = 4.160(2), c = 7.707(3) A V = 291.2(2) A 3 , with systematic absences corresponding to space groups, Ibam or Iba2. Essentially, single crystal methods were used for the structure determination: Patterson synthesis to locate the Be atoms and a “heavy-atom” electron-density synthesis to confirm the location of the H atoms. The crystal structure is based on a network of corner-sharing BeH 4 tetrahedra rather than flat infinite chains containing hydrogen bridges previously assumed. The Be-H bond distances are 1.38(2) A around Be(1) and 1.41(2) A around Be(2). The H-Be-H tetrahedral bond angles range from 107° to 113° and the Be-H-Be bond angle is approximately 128°. The space group in Ibam, and there are 12 BeH 2 molecules in the unit cell. The theoretical density is 0.755 g/cm 3 .
Effect of noise on auditory processing in the operating room.

Background Effective communication is a critical component of patient care in the operative room (OR). However, the presence of loud equipment, a large number of staff members, and music can contribute to high levels of background noise. In a setting in which crucial tasks are performed continuously, distractions and barriers to communication can result in harm to both patients and OR personnel. The purpose of this investigation was to simulate OR listening conditions and evaluate the effect of operating noise on auditory function. Study Design This is a prospective investigation of 15 subjects ranging from 1 to 30 years of operative experience. All surgeons had normal peripheral hearing sensitivity. The surgeons' ability to understand and repeat words were tested using the Speech in Noise Test–Revised in 4 different conditions chosen to simulate typical OR environments. These included quiet, filtered noise through a mask and background noise both with and without music. They were tested in both a tasked and in an untasked situation. Results It was found that the impact of noise is considerably greater when the participant is tasked. Surgeons demonstrated substantially poorer auditory performance in music than in quiet or OR noise. Performance in both conditions was poorer when the sentences were low in predictability. Conclusions Operating room noise can cause a decrease in auditory processing function, particularly in the presence of music. This becomes even more difficult when the communication involves conversations that carry critical information that is unpredictable. To avoid possible miscommunication in the OR, attempts should be made to reduce ambient noise levels.
Nuclear and Atomic Electric Dipole Moments

Abstract The permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) of a particle or system is a separation of charge along the total angular momentum and arises from interactions that directly violate parity and time reversal symmetry, and assuming CPT symmetry, violate CP. EDMs thus probe CP violating interactions in the background of the much stronger strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions. CP violation is also an essential component of Sakharov's mechanism of baryogenesis, but the Standard Model does not provide for CP violation strong enough to account for the observered baryon asymmetry. Currently, only upper limits have been set on EDMs of the neutron and of atoms and molecules, and the Standard Model contributions are many orders of magnitude smaller than these limits. This means that the experimental frontier probes new physics beyond the Standard Model, but also that experiments in at least three systems will be necessary to clarify the soures of CP violating EDMs. This review will describe the motivations and discuss current and near-term experimental endeavors to discover EDMs in a variety of systems.
Cu2Sb thin films as anode for Na-ion batteries

Abstract Cu 2 Sb thin films prepared by magnetron sputtering are evaluated as an anode material for Na-ion batteries. The starting material is composed of nanocrystallites with the desired tetragonal P4/nmm structure. The study of the reaction mechanism reveals the formation of an amorphous/nanocrystalline phase of composition close to Na 3 Sb as the final reaction product. The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) material is mostly composed of carbonates (Na 2 CO 3 , NaCO 3 R) and possibly ethers. The Cu 2 Sb anode possesses moderate capacity retention with a reversible storage capacity (250 mAh/g or 2100 mAh/cm 3 ) close to the theoretical value (323 mAh/g), an average reaction potential of around 0.55 V vs. Na/Na + , and a high rate performance (10 C-rate).
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: A surgical protocol for dynamic upper airway reconstruction

A surgical protocol for dynamic upper airway reconstruction in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is presented. Two hundred thirty-nine consecutively treated patients were evaluated. All patients underwent a presurgical evaluation that included a physical examination, fiberoptic pharyngoscopy, cephalometric analysis, and polygraphic monitoring. The goal of the presurgical evaluation was to document sleep apnea and isolate the area of obstruction. The treatment was then directed to the obstructive site. The surgical protocol included two phases. Phase 1 was a conservative approach and included uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and/or mandibular osteotomy with genioglossus advancement-hyoid myotomy and suspension. Polysomnography was repeated at 6 months and patients with unsuccessful surgical results were offered maxillary-mandibular advancement osteotomy. Results were based on the postoperative polysomnograms, and included assessing changes in both sleep architecture and sleep-disordered breathing. The surgical results were compared with results in patients who were using nasal continuous positive airway pressure. The surgical success rate for the 239 patients entered into phase 1 therapy was 61% (145 patients). Twenty-four patients who failed phase 1 treatment elected phase 2 treatment. The surgical success rate of this phase was 100%.
Role of nanoparticle surface functionality in the disruption of model cell membranes.

Lipid bilayers are biomembranes common to cellular life and constitute a continuous barrier between cells and their environment. Understanding the interaction of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) with lipid bilayers is an important step toward predicting subsequent biological effects. In this study, we assess the effect of varying the surface functionality and concentration of 10-nm-diameter gold (Au) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) ENMs on the disruption of negatively charged lipid bilayer vesicles (liposomes) using a dye-leakage assay. Our findings show that Au ENMs having both positive and negative surface charge induce leakage that reaches a steady state after several hours. Positively charged particles with identical surface functionality and different core compositions show similar leakage effects and result in faster and greater leakage than negatively charged particles, which suggests that surface functionality, not particle core composition, is a critical factor in determining the interaction between E...
Archaea in metazoan diets: implications for food webs and biogeochemical cycling

Although the importance of trophic linkages, including ‘top-down forcing’, on energy flow and ecosystem productivity is recognized, the influence of metazoan grazing on Archaea and the biogeochemical processes that they mediate is unknown. Here, we test if: (1) Archaea provide a food source sufficient to allow metazoan fauna to complete their life cycle; (2) neutral lipid biomarkers (including crocetane) can be used to identify Archaea consumers; and (3) archaeal aggregates are a dietary source for methane seep metazoans. In the laboratory, we demonstrated that a dorvilleid polychaete, Ophryotrocha labronica, can complete its life cycle on two strains of Euryarchaeota with the same growth rate as when fed bacterial and eukaryotic food. Archaea were therefore confirmed as a digestible and nutritious food source sufficient to sustain metazoan populations. Both strains of Euryarchaeota used as food sources had unique lipids that were not incorporated into O. labronica tissues. At methane seeps, sulfate-reducing bacteria that form aggregations and live syntrophically with anaerobic-methane oxidizing Archaea contain isotopically and structurally unique fatty acids (FAs). These biomarkers were incorporated into tissues of an endolithofaunal dorvilleid polychaete species from Costa Rica (mean bulk δ^(13)C=−92±4‰; polar lipids −116‰) documenting consumption of archaeal-bacterial aggregates. FA composition of additional soft-sediment methane seep species from Oregon and California provided evidence that consumption of archaeal-bacterial aggregates is widespread at methane seeps. This work is the first to show that Archaea are consumed by heterotrophic metazoans, a trophic process we coin as ‘archivory’.
Memory Complaints in the Able Elderly

Many older adults complain of memory decline (Lowenthal, Berkman, Buehler, Pierce, Robbinson & Trier, 1967). Most empirical work, however, has demonstrated that memory complaints are not directly related to memory performance (e.g., Zelinski, Gilewski, & Schaie, 1993). This study addressed the influence of depression, physical health complaints, educational level, and premorbid levels of ability on subjective memory complaints among 130 community dwelling older adults (Mean age = 67.4). The impact of certain types of memory complaints and mood and memory training was also investigated. Depression and physical health complaints accounted for significant (p <.001) proportions of the variance in memory complaints (R 2 =.15; R 2 =.10, respectively). Contrary to expectations, level of education did not relate to memory complaints. When premorbid ability was taken into account a relationship between memory complaints and objective memory performance was demonstrated; difference scores accounted for more than 5% of the variance in Rivermead scores (R 2 =.05, p <.01, Beta = -.23, p < .01). Finally, treatment significantly reduced memory complaints (t(81) =-3.78, p <.001).
Edwin Grant Dexter: an early researcher in human behavioral biometeorology.

Edwin Grant Dexter (1868–1938) was one of the first researchers to study empirically the effects of specific weather conditions on human behavior. Dexter (1904) published his findings in a book, Weather influences. The author’s purposes in this article were to (1) describe briefly Dexter’s professional life and examine the historical contexts and motivations that led Dexter to conduct some of the first empirical behavioral biometeorological studies of the time, (2) describe the methods Dexter used to examine weather-behavior relationships and briefly characterize the results that he reported in Weather influences, and (3) provide a historical analysis of Dexter’s work and assess its significance for human behavioral biometeorology. Dexter’s Weather influences, while demonstrating an exemplary approach to weather, health, and behavior relationships, came at the end of a long era of such studies, as health, social, and meteorological sciences were turning to different paradigms to advance their fields. For these reasons, Dexter’s approach and contributions may not have been fully recognized at the time and are, consequently, worthy of consideration by contemporary biometeorologists.
In-hospital cardiopulmonary arrests in patients with left ventricular assist devices.

Abstract Background Basic and advanced cardiac life support guidelines do not address resuscitation of patients with continuous-flow (CF) left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). As the population of LVAD patients increases, it becomes important to understand how to provide emergency care to such patients. Methods and Results We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of patients with an implanted CF-LVAD who had an in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest at our medical center from January 2011 to October 2013. We compared them with a matched cohort of patients without LVADs who had an in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest during the same time period. Code documentation was used to determine arrest characteristics, perfusion assessment techniques, and time to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) initiation. There were 415 in-hospital arrests during the study period, and 4% (n = 16) occurred in patients with CF-LVADs. Response teams used various approaches to assess arterial perfusion, including palpation or Doppler of the arterial pulse and measurement of blood pressure by Doppler or arterial line. Nine of the 16 patients required CPR, but only 5 (56%) received CPR in Conclusions Cardiopulmonary arrests in LVAD patients accounted for 4% of all arrests in our center. We identified important time delays in CPR initiation, highlighting the need to develop resuscitation guidelines for this patient population.
Concomitant wrinkling and buckle-delamination of elastic thin films on compliant substrates

Compressing a thin elastic film attached to a thick compliant substrate can lead to buckling instability. Two commonly observed buckling modes, buckle-delamination and wrinkling, have each been analyzed separately in previous studies. Recent experiments have observed that the two modes can co-exist and co-evolve. In this paper, by analytical and finite element methods, we present a study on concomitant wrinkling and buckle-delamination for an elastic film on a highly compliant substrate. First, without delamination, we present an analytical solution for wrinkling that takes into account the effect of Poisson’s ratio of the substrate. In comparison with a nonlinear finite element analysis, an approximate formula is derived to estimate the normal traction at the interface and to predict initiation of wrinkle-induced delamination. Next, with a pre-existing delamination crack, the critical strain for the onset of buckling instability is predicted by finite element eigenvalue analysis. For an intermediate delamination size, a mixed buckling mode is predicted with the critical compressive strain lower than previous solutions for both wrinkling and buckle-delamination. Post-buckling analyses show a significant shear-lag effect with an effective load transfer length three orders of magnitude greater than the film thickness. Finally, concomitant wrinkling and buckle-delamination is simulated to illustrate the interaction between the two buckling modes, and the results are discussed in view of failure mechanisms and applications in thin film metrology.
The Effect of Chronic Exposure to 835.62 MHz FDMA or 847.74 MHz CDMA Radiofrequency Radiation on the Incidence of Spontaneous Tumors in Rats

Abstract La Regina, M., Moros, E. G., Pickard, W. F., Straube, W. L., Baty, J. and Roti Roti, J. L. The Effect of Chronic Exposure to 835.62 MHz FDMA or 847.74 MHz CDMA Radiofrequency Radiation on the Incidence of Spontaneous Tumors in Rats. Radiat. Res. 160, 143–151 (2003). This study was designed to determine whether chronic exposure to radiofrequency (RF) radiation from cellular phones increased the incidence of spontaneous tumors in F344 rats. Eighty male and 80 female rats were randomly placed in each of three irradiation groups. The sham group received no irradiation; the Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) group was exposed to 835.62 MHz FDMA RF radiation; and the Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) group was exposed to 847.74 MHz CDMA RF radiation. Rats were irradiated 4 h per day, 5 days per week over 2 years. The nominal time-averaged specific absorption rate (SAR) in the brain for the irradiated animals was 0.85 ± 0.34 W/kg (mean ± SD) per time-averaged watt of antenna power. Antennas we...
Polymer-Gel Phase-Transition as the Mechanism of Muscle Contraction

The thesis offered here is that the muscle-contraction mechanism is similar to the mechanism of contraction in many artificial muscles. Artificial muscles typically contract by a phasetransition. Muscle is thought to contract by a sliding-filament mechanism in which one set of filaments is driven past another by the action of cyclically rotating cross-bridges—much like the mechanism of rowing. However, the evidence is equally consistent with a mechanism in which the filaments themselves contract, much like the condensation of polymers during a phasetransition. Muscle contains three principal polymer types organized neatly within a framework. All three can shorten. The contributions of each filament may be designed to confer maximum strength, speed and versatility on this biological machine. The principles of natural contraction may be useful in establishing optimal design principles for artificial muscles.
Market Pricing of Economic Risks and Stock Returns

We estimate the market prices of economic risks from the stock market, while overcoming the challenges faced by existing studies. First, we use two dynamic factors, one real and the other nominal, to summarize the systematic information and to suppress the noise in a large array of economic indicators. Second, in linking systematic economic risks to stock returns, we carefully separate the cash flow effect from the pricing kernel effect. We first estimate the economic risk exposures for each individual stock, and then investigate how the expected return on each stock varies with its economic risk exposures. The different risk exposure estimates for different stocks capture the cash flow effect. How the expected stock return varies with the economic risk exposure reveals how the market prices the economic risks. Our estimation shows that the market charges a positive price for the real output growth risk, but a negative price for the inflation risk.
Tree dimensions: Maximizing the rate of height growth in dense stands

To determine the effect of tree dimensions on the rate of height growth a model was constructed relating tree weight to total height and R, the ratio of crown weight to trunk weight. The model is based on the assumption that the trunk buckling safety factor is constant. If trees also maintain a constant R as they grow then the rate of height growth is maximized by R=0.17. In addition, the height growth rate increases as the buckling safety factor decreases. These predictions of optimal form for height growth are appropriate for shade intolerant, successional species growing in dense stands. Dimensional measurements of self thinning Populus tremuloides indicate near optimal dimensions for height growth. Trees ranging from 7 to 19 m in height had trunks which were only 50% thicker than the minimum required to prevent them from buckling under their own weight, and had a mean R of 0.13. This ratio of crown weight to trunk weight is significantly lower than the optimal value, but the predicted height growth rate for R=0.13 is 99% of that predicted for R=0.17.
Shear Induced Orientational Order of Rigid Rod Suspensions

Shear induced birefringence was measured for dilute and semidilute rigid PTFE rod suspension. Orientational order of the rods is deduced from the birefringence data and compared with theory by Doi and Edwards’. Although the theory was for dilute solution, the renormalized data agree qualitatively with the theory even far into the nonlinear regime. At high shear the order parameter approaches a saturated value, and at low shear it depends on the shear rate square. The major discrepancy between the theory and experiment comes from the expected slowing down of rod reorientation at higher concentrations. At high concentrations, the slowing down is more than what can be accounted for by the macroscopic viscosity along.
An Assessment of the Accuracy of Triangulated Irregular Networks (TINs) and Lattices in ARC/INFO

This paper evaluates the accuracy of triangulated irregular networks (TINs) and lattices in ARC/INFO. The results of an empirical comparison of the two models over two selected topographic sites are presented. Both vector and raster data were used to build the models. Three pairs of models were constructed based on 1,600, 4,000, and 9,000 sample points for the study area of the State Botanical Garden of Athens, Georgia, and 400, 800, and 1,600 sample points for the study area of Lake Lucerne of Wisconsin. The two models were assessed based on the same number of input sample points. Overall, TINs performed better than lattices. The quality of lattices decreased more dramatically than that of TINs when the number of sample points used for the construction of the models decreased. With an increase in the number of sample points used, the difference in performance between the two models decreased. The results of the evaluation directly depend on the comparison criteria and modeling algorithms. The evaluation is slightly sensitive to test indices used and the distribution of test points. The spatial pattern of residuals on spot heights was quite different from that on randomly selected test points. Users should choose models carefully based on the purpose of their application, the accuracy required, and the computer resources that are available.
The Pedagogy of Persuasion: The Culture of the University of Pont-à-Mousson

This paper chronicles the life of a Counter‐Reformation university founded by the Society of Jesus in Lorraine in 1574. It focuses especially on two phenomena that provide insight into the educational philosophy ofthejesuits: the professional schools and the printing presses. While civic leaders wanted to enhance the prestige of Lorraine by sponsoring a university with faculties of law and medicine, the Jesuits feared loss of a permeating religious ethos, a pedagogy of persuasion that leads students, faculty, nobles, clergy and the general public to embrace Roman Catholicism. The nature of the publications produced at Pont‐a‐Mousson attest to this unambiguous religious purpose. One must conclude that, in Europe at least, the educational project of a Jesuit university existed only as the means to a greater religious end.
Prognosis of symptomatic coarctation of the aorta in infancy

Medical and surgical advances have improved the outlook for infants with symptomatic coarctation of the aorta. To help predict the clinical course of individual patients and to aid in individualizing their treatment, a 10-year experience with this condition was reviewed. Of 97 infants with symptomatic coarctation, 10 had isolated defects. In these patients, medical treatment was successful and surgical intervention could be postponed to allow for growth. The 87 other patients with associated cardiac defects were generally sicker at presentation and required earlier operation. Eleven of these died before surgical correction, 10 died at the time of repair, and 13 died later. The overall survival rate after 8 years was 62%, with most deaths occurring in the first 6 months of life. Late surgical results are flawed by a 32% rate of residual coarctation. Late postoperative hypertension is uncommon, and is usually attributable to a residual coarctation.
Harmonic Characteristics and Impact of Utility-Interactive Photovoltaic Prototypes on the NMSU Distribution Feeder

Nonsimultaneous measurements of voltage and current harmonics associated with the distribution and utility-interactive photovoltaic systems at the Southwest Residential Experiment Station are summarized in this paper. A qualitative analysis of the data is presented. The harmonic impacts of the prototypes-on the distribution system appear to be minimal. Needs in the area of measurement and analysis of harmonic propagation in general systems are identified.
Compact, Hilbert-Schmidt, and Trace-Class Operators

This chapter deals with several classes of bounded operators: the compact, Hilbert-Schmidt, trace-class and degenerate operators; they are related by the inclusions bounded ⊃ compact ⊃ Hilbert-Schmidt ⊃ trace-class ⊃ degenerate.
Control of Expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex Genes in Horse Trophoblast

In most mammals, the fetus limits its presentation of paternal antigens to the mother by suppressing the cell-surface expression of proteins of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on trophoblast. In the horse, however, functional, polymorphic MHC class I antigens are expressed at high levels on the invasive trophoblast cells of the chorionic girdle between Days 32 and 36 of pregnancy, although not on the adjacent noninvasive trophoblast of the chorion and allantochorion membranes. In this study, the control of MHC class I gene expression was investigated in invasive and noninvasive horse trophoblast, and the MHC class I loci expressed by invasive trophoblast were identified. Northern blot hybridization of Day 33-34 conceptus tissue revealed both transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of cell-surface MHC class I expression in horse trophoblast. The invasive MHC class I-positive trophoblast showed levels of steady-state mRNA nearly as high as those in lymphoid tissues from adult horses, whereas noninvasive MHC class I-negative trophoblast also contained transcripts for MHC class I, but at lower levels similar to those present in adult horse nonlymphoid tissue. We also cloned and sequenced polymerase chain reaction products from the transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions of MHC class I transcripts in chorionic girdle and lymphocytes, and determined that horse invasive trophoblast appears to transcribe the same MHC class I loci transcribed in lymphocytes, including both polymorphic and nonpolymorphic loci. These data from the horse demonstrate that functional alloantigen presentation by trophoblast can be a normal part of early pregnancy.
Travail et développement

Le developpement economique prend-il bien en compte les interets - non monetaires des travailleurs, relatifs a leur milieu de travail ? Pour repondre a cette question, les AA. proposent un cadre d'analyse fonde sur trois criteres: l'efficacite, l'equite et le bien-etre. Ils presentent les concepts theoriques qui sont au cœur de leur analyse, s'appuient sur des exemples et concluent sur des suggestions politiques qui decoulent de cette analyse. Prenant en compte les trois criteres mentionnes, ils plaident pour que l'on porte une grande attention, des les premiers stades du developpement, a la qualite du milieu du travail et a la representation des travailleurs, elements essentiels pour donner un sens au travail.
Remote estimation of nitrogen and chlorophyll contents in maize at leaf and canopy levels

a b s t r a c t Leaf and canopy nitrogen (N) status relates strongly to leaf and canopy chlorophyll (Chl) content. Remote sensing is a tool that has the potential to assess N content at leaf, plant, field, regional and global scales. In this study, remote sensing techniques were applied to estimate N and Chl contents of irrigated maize (Zea mays L.) fertilized at five N rates. Leaf N and Chl contents were determined using the red-edge chlorophyll index with R2 of 0.74 and 0.94, respectively. Results showed that at the canopy level, Chl and N contents can be accurately retrieved using green and red-edge Chl indices using near infrared (780-800 nm) and either green (540-560 nm) or red-edge (730-750 nm) spectral bands. Spectral bands that were found optimal for Chl and N estimations coincide well with the red-edge band of the MSI sensor onboard the near future Sentinel-2 satellite. The coefficient of determination for the relationships between the red-edge chlorophyll index, simulated in Sentinel-2 bands, and Chl and N content was 0.90 and 0.87, respectively.
Pulsed terahertz emission from indium nitride thin films

We report for the first time femtosecond optically excited terahertz pulse emission from indium nitride (InN). MBE-grown InN is a novel electronic material. The THz emission from InN is strong compared to previously investigated semiconductors
ISIS: a genetic algorithm based technique for custom on-chip interconnection network synthesis

On-chip packet switched interconnection networks (or network-on-chip (NoC)) have been proposed as a solution to the communication challenges of system-on-chip (SoC) design in the nanoscale regime. SoC design offers the opportunity for incorporating custom NoC architectures that are more suitable for a particular application, and do not necessarily conform to regular topologies. This paper presents ISIS, a novel genetic algorithm (GA) based technique for custom NoC synthesis that optimizes both the power consumption and area of the design subject 10 the performance constraints, and generates a custom NoC topology and mapping of the communication traces on the architecture. ISIS solves a multi-objective optimization problem by minimizing a cost function expressed as a linear combination of the cost incurred due to power consumption and area. We present a detailed analysis of the quality of the results and the solution times of the proposed technique by extensive experimentation with realistic benchmarks and comparisons with optimal MILP solutions.
Characterizing the Relaxation of the Open-Circuit Potential during an AC-DC-AC Accelerated Test

Abstract The non-conventional accelerated alternating current-direct current-alternating current (AC-DC-AC) testing method for organic coatings induces degradation by promoting cathodic reactions a...
A resource efficient content inspection system for next generation Smart NICs

The aggregate power consumption of the Internet is increasing at an alarming rate, due in part to the rapid increase in the number of connected edge devices such as desktop PCs. Despite being left idle 75% of the time, 90% of PCs have their power management features disabled. Consequently, much recent research has focused on reducing power consumption of Internet edge devices. One such method for reducing PC power consumption is by augmenting the network interface card (NIC) with enhanced processing capabilities. These capabilities pave the way for green computing by allowing the PC to transition to a low-power sleep state while the NIC responds to network traffic on behalf of the PC - a technique known as power proxying. However, such a Smart-NIC (SNIC) requires specialized low-power, resource-constrained processing, and architectural features in order to realize such capabilities. In this paper, we present a NIC-based packet content inspection system for power proxying and network intrusion detection. We use a novel partitioned TCAM technique that results in 87% energy savings and a 62% lower energy-delay product than existing non-partitioned router-based techniques, thus making our technique highly suitable for SNIC-based deployment.
Exports, Impacts, and Locations of Services Producers

Policymakers concerned with regional economic development would do well to consider the growing importance of the services-producing sector of the economy. Although, services producers historically...
Cerebral physiology during cardiopulmonary bypass: pulsatile versus nonpulsatile flow.

Publisher Summary Neurological injury continues to be a significant source of perioperative morbidity and mortality in cardiac surgical procedures. To reduce the incidence and/or severity of these complications, a better understanding of the cerebral physiology of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is needed. Specifically, it is important to determine how the conduct of CPB either contributes to or modifies the response of the brain to neurological insults. The majority of neurological injuries associated with cardiac surgery are the result of focal or multifocal cerebral ischemic insults. A long-standing question in CPB management is whether conventional nonpulsatile CPB may exacerbate neurological injury occurring in the course of cardiac surgery and whether pulsatile CPB might improve cerebral perfusion and/or neurological outcome. There are several mechanistic theories as to how pulsatile perfusion might produce differential circulatory effects as compared to equivalent mean flow achieved with nonpulsatile perfusion. In this chapter a research using rabbit model indicates that, in the uninjured brain, nonpulsatile perfusion per se does not appear disadvantageous in terms of brain blood flow or oxygen metabolism at 27°C. Conversely, pulsatile perfusion does not appear to confer any special benefits. Whether pulsatility might influence neurological outcome in the presence of an ischemic insult remains to be determined.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorption Studies of Nickel(II), Zinc(II), and Magnesium(II) Coordination Frameworks of BTTB

Three porous metal–organic frameworks {[Ni(H2BTTB)·(H2O)2]·(DIOX)2}n (1), {[Zn(H2BTTB)]·(DEF)3·(H2O)2}n (2), and {[Mg(H2BTTB)·(C2H5OH)2]·(DEF)4}n (3) based on the 4,4′,4″,4‴-benzene-1,2,4,5-tetrayltetrabenzoic acid (H4BTTB) ligand have been synthesized under solvothermal conditions (DIOX = dioxane). These three MOFs show structural diversities: compound 1 is a two-dimensional (2D) grid layer, compound 2 is a 2-fold interpenetrated 3D framework with a pillared-layer structure, and compound 3 is a noninterpenetrated 3D framework with a (4, 4)-connected binodal net. Compound 1 and compound 2 have BET surface areas of 391 and 447 m2/g, respectively; however, the surface area of compound 3 cannot be experimentally determined. All three MOFs have a higher adsorption preference for CO2 over N2 and CH4. Ideal adsorbed solution theory was used to estimate binary adsorption selectivities. Compound 2 shows the highest capacity for all three gases, whereas compound 1 shows the highest selectivity for CO2 over CH4 and...
Effects of Splashing Droplets on Spray Cooling Processes

The present paper reports ongoing work to develop numerical and modeling tools used to investigate the effects of splashing droplets on spray cooling processes and to determine characteristic non-dimensional parametric dependence for practical fluids and conditions. In particular, we present data that will delineate conditions towards control of the impingement dynamics of droplets upon a heated substrate germane to practical situations.© 2004 ASME
Detection of lung cancer in x-ray radiography with strong noise using artificial neural network

We have constructed a three-layer B-P artificial neural network based on the physician's diagnosis.Twenty templates are used to train the network.In addition,we use this network to make pattern recognition for lung cancer in X-ray radiography.The operating feature of this network is also tested.Through our study,we find the practical and potential advantage of application ANET in medical imaging pattern recognition.
The Lewis Number

ABSTRACT The dimensionless group pc p, f D/k f arises in analyses of convective heat transfer from dissociated gases. (The subscripts f on the specific heat and thermal conductivity indicate that these quantities are for frozen composition; any augmentation due to chemical reaction is not included). This paper presents and discusses a more general definition of Lewis number based on the theory of the thermal conductivity of gas mixtures in chemical equilibrium. This definition applies to complex gas mixtures involving many equilibria - mixtures which cannot be described by a single diffusion coefficient. The general definition may be used to derive the effect of Lewis number on convective heat transfer, provided total pressure gradients and external force fields are negligible. When this technique is applied to stagnation-point heat transfer, results are in excellent agreement with numerical solutions of the boundary-layer equations. Lewis numbers are approximated for reactions of the type A ⇄ nB; it is found that Lewis number decreases as the extent of dissociation increases; the magnitude of this variation is a function of n. Rigorous calculations for the hydrogen and nitrogen dissociations, based on known intermolecular potentials, confirm these trends. Incipient ionizations of hydrogen, helium, and neon are also rigorously computed; Lewis numbers are low for such systems. This is attributed to abnormally large collision cross sections for ion-atom encounters a consequence of charge transfer. Finally, Lewis numbers for air and a hydrogen-oxygen rocket exhaust are presented. These calculations indicate that Lewis numbers for complex systems can be estimated by considering the nature of the dissociative processes.
Emerging Technologies for Healthcare

The paper discusses integrating of current and emerging technologies with healthcare. These technologies can be used for prevention of diseases, enhancing healthcare access, efficient and accurate diagnostics, effective healthcare delivery, rehabilitation, healthcare information management, improving quality of life at all ages and many other features. In this paper, we discuss several aspects of healthcare and technologies including: ldr development of products/devices for improving the quality of life of individuals with disabilities and help in their rehabilitation ldr development of products/processes that will allow remote monitoring of patients, remote diagnostics, provide a mechanism for healthcare professionals to collaborate in a distributed environment, and deliver treatment ldr using RFID and wireless sensor networks in tracking patients ldr developing methods, mechanisms, and processes, for preventing diseases and injuries for all age groups.