cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Luzindole (N-0774) : a novel melatonin receptor antagonist

The pharmacological potencies of 2-substituted N-acetyltryptamines were determined on the presynaptic melatonin receptor site of rabbit retina labeled in vitro with [3H]dopamine. Calcium-dependent release of [3H]dopamine was elicited by electrical stimulation at 3 Hz for 2 min (20 mA, 2 msec). Melatonin (5-OCH3-N-acetyltryptamine) and 6-chloromelatonin were equipotent in inhibiting the calcium-dependent release of [3H]dopamine (IC50 = 40 pM). 2-Substituted N-acetyltryptamines with a methyl (i.e., 6,7-dichloro-2-methylmelatonin, IC50 = 10 pM) or iodine (i.e., 2-iodomelatonin, IC50 = 5 pM) group were more potent than melatonin in inhibiting [3H]dopamine release. I report here the pharmacological properties of the novel N-acetyltryptamine, 2-benzyl-N-acetyltryptamine (N-0774, luzindole) on the presynaptic melatonin receptor of rabbit retina. Luzindole (0.1-10 microM) did not affect the spontaneous outflow of radioactivity or the stimulation-evoked release of [3H]dopamine when added alone. However, luzindole (0.1-10 microM) shifted the concentration effect curve for melatonin to the right in a parallel fashion. The pA2 extrapolated from the Schild plot (slope, 0.91) was 7.7, with a KB = 20 nM. The dissociation constants for luzindole (KB), determined in the presence of 6,7-dichloro-2-methylmelatonin (10 pM-1 nM) or 6-chloromelatonin (10 pM-100 nM) were 16 and 40 nM, respectively. These data suggest that luzindole and the various melatonin agonists are competing for the same presynaptic melatonin receptor site in the rabbit retina.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
From Bayes through marginal utility to effect sizes: a guide to understanding the clinical and statistical significance of the results of autism research findings.

The objectives of this report are: (a) to trace the theoretical roots of the concept clinical significance that derives from Bayesian thinking, Marginal Utility/Diminishing Returns in Economics, and the “just noticeable difference”, in Psychophysics. These concepts then translated into: Effect Size (ES), strength of agreement, clinical significance, and related concepts, and made possible the development of Power Analysis; (b) to differentiate clinical significance from statistical significance; and (c) to demonstrate the utility of measures of ES and related concepts for enhancing the meaning of Autism research findings. These objectives are accomplished by applying criteria for estimating clinical significance, and related concepts, to a number of areas of autism research.
Future of robotics education: The design and creation of interactive notebooks for teaching robotics concepts

Within robotics education, there can exist a barrier in presenting coherent activities due to the disjoint nature of curriculum concepts, software platforms, and hardware devices. Educators may not posses advanced skills in all these areas simultaneously, thus reducing their ability to effectively perform an adequate transfer of knowledge to students. This paper explores a new educational technology in the robotics education field: interactive notebooks designed and created with the goal of reducing the inherent difficulties integrated in the teaching of robotics concepts. This is achieved via a combination of connected robotics technologies that not only provide an engaging educational environment but also through student progress tracking and self-analysis/self-debugging are able to alleviate the teacherpsilas multidiscipline knowledge requirement.
A method for reviewing radio-telemetry paramedic calls

A method is presented for reviewing the taped radio-telemetry records of paramedic calls managed by hospital-based emergency medicine residents. All paramedic calls to the LAC/USC base station are reviewed by an emergency medicine resident using a special tape review form which focuses on communication skills, initial paramedic field assessment, sense of urgency of the case, and the completeness of the field report. Additional emphasis is placed on the base station physician's interpretation of the field presentation and his choice of therapy. Tapes demonstrating particular skills or pitfalls in prehospital management are selected for monthly tape review conferences. Such conferences provide a method by which each side of the prehospital care team can perceive the position of the other, encouraging physicians and paramedics to enhance their respective roles in providing effective prehospital emergency care.
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Cefoperazone vs. Cefamandole-Tobramycin in the Treatment of Putative, Severe Infections with Gram-Negative Bacilli

Cefoperazone was compared with the combination of cefamandole and tobramycin in a prospective, randomized study of putative, severe, gram-negative bacillary infections. We attempted to exclude patients with granulocytopenia or infections due to Pseudomonas species. A total of 118 isolates (94 gram-negative bacilli and 24 gram-positive cocci) caused infection in 99 of the 120 patients studied. Cefoperazone (16 micrograms/ml) was active against 93% of the organisms tested; cefamandole (16 micrograms/ml) and/or tobramycin (4 micrograms/ml) was active against 95%. Infection was cured or improved in 77% of cefoperazone-treated patients and 81% of cefamandole-tobramycin-treated patients. Bacteremia was cured or improved in 61% of cefoperazone-treated patients and in 63% of cefamandole-tobramycin-treated patients. Adverse reactions included five cases of probable antibiotic-associated nephrotoxicity in the cefamandole-tobramycin group; there were no such cases in the cefoperazone group. One patient given cefoperazone plus eight other drugs became granulocytopenic, but the condition resolved when all medications were stopped. This analysis suggests that cefoperazone alone may be as effective as cefamandole plus tobramycin in the treatment of severe infections with gram-negative bacilli and is less nephrotoxic. The role of cefoperazone in patients with granulocytopenia or infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa was not evaluated.
Sedimentology of Acid Saline Lakes in Southern Western Australia: Newly Described Processes and Products of an Extreme Environment

Naturally acid saline systems with pH values between 1.7 and 4 are common on the Yilgarn Craton of southern Western Australia. A combination of physical and chemical processes here yield a previously undescribed type of modern sedimentary environment. Flooding, evapoconcentration, desiccation, and eolian transport at the surface, as well as influx of acid saline groundwaters, strongly influence these lakes. Halite, gypsum, kaolinite, and iron oxides precipitate from acid hypersaline lake waters. Shallow acid saline groundwaters affect the sediments of the lakes and associated mudflats, sandflats, channels, and dunes by precipitating early diagenetic halite, gypsum, iron oxides, clays, jarosite, and alunite. These modern environments would likely yield a rock record composed mostly of bedded red siliciclastic and reworked gypsum sand, alternating with less common beds of bottom-growth gypsum and halite, with alteration by early diagenetic features diagnostic of acid saline waters. This documentation of sedimentary processes and products of modern acid saline environments is an addition to the comparative sedimentology knowledge base and an expansion of the traditional models for classifying brines. Implications include better interpretations of terrestrial redbeds and lithified martian strata, improved acid remediation methods, new models for the formation and occlusion of pores, and the new setting for finding previously undescribed extremophiles.
Phylogeny, Duplication, and Intraspecific Variation of Adh Sequences in New World Diploid Cottons (Gossypium L., Malvaceae)

Abstract The 13 “D-genome”cotton species are a monophyletic assemblage of morphologically diverse diploids that inhabit arid to semiarid regions in Mexico, with 1 disjunct species each in Peru and the Galapagos Islands and 1 species whose range extends northward into Arizona. While these species lack commercially significant fiber (i.e., cotton), they are important in that they represent one of the parental genomes of the cultivated tetraploid cottons. To assess phylogenetic relationships among these species, we sequenced and analyzed a region of a nuclear-encoded alcohol dehydrogenase gene (AdhA). Phylogenetic analysis resulted in a topology that is generally consistent with current taxonomic alignment of the species, although the phylogeny based on AdhA sequences conflicts with those inferred from cpDNA and ITS data sets, most notably in the position of the anomalous species Gossypium gossypioides. In one lineage, we detected both gene duplication and sequence polymorphisms that transcend species boundaries; sequences in this lineage formed a monophyletic clade, yet no taxon within the clade contained a monophyletic collection of sequences. Potential explanations for this latter phenomenon, including gene duplication, gene flow, and lineage sorting, are discussed.
Compact high-isolation directive UWB transmit/receive antenna pair for radar applications

In this paper, we presented a compact directive UWB transmit receive antenna pair. The basic operation of the antenna was discussed and the effect of the dimensions on the bandwidth, pattern and isolation performance was investigated. The antenna was fabricated and measured. The measurement and simulation results showed good agreement. The measured isolation was better than 21 dB and the measured VSWR was better than 2.3 over the band 0.9 – 3 GHz.
Avoiding the Emotion–Thought Conundrum

If I am overjoyed that my daughter will act the lead in her high school play next month, then I must believe that she will. The so-called 'object' of my rejoicing in this case is both future and propositional. I use these terms because if you ask what I am gleeful about, my answer will contain a future tensed declarative sentence. My daughter's performance is not yet taking place, nor has it already occurred. So, on the fairly safe assumption that backwards causality is impossible, we must deny that the object of my joyful mood is a cause of my mood. XWhat then should we say brings about my pleasure? The next candidate in line is my belief that my offspring will play Hedda Gabler. This is a more plausible general position anyway. Even in those circumstances where a present or past item is available to engender my emotion toward the item, how could I get stirred up about it if I am totally uncognizant of it? Thus we might as well assert that the 'causal link' between our affective attitudes and their propositional or non-propositional objects always 'passes through thought or perception'., Our difficulty then is to explain how a link as intimate as that between our object-directed emotion and our matching cognitive state may also be causal. I shall propose a method of sidestepping this problem altogether. But for readers who have not yet agonized over the conundrum, I should formulate it more precisely. First we might notice that many standard effects outlast their causes. A forest will keep on blazing long after nothing remains of the lighted cigarette which started the conflagration. By comparison, suppose I stop believing that my daughter will portray Hedda Gabler -perhaps because I hear the production has been cancelled. I think no more of the matter. Then it is logically impossible for me to continue exulting that my daughter will act the lead. Emotion is not temporally independent of thought in the way that most effects are from their causes. Another contrast dovetails with this one. Take any event or state which indisputably results from others: we do not contradict ourselves if we imagine that it begins in their absence. There is no absurdity in supposing the woods spontaneously burst into flame, without the accompaniment of smouldering cigarettes, sparks, lightning-or the presence of oxygen. But could I be completely ignorant of my offspring's theatrical endeavours, having not so much as wondered if she will be in a play, and yet suddenly
An unusual oro-naso-sinus communication resulting from heroin and cocaine snorting.

A 28-year-old woman with a history of snorting heroin and cocaine was admitted with facial cellulitis secondary to a dental phlegmon. She reported rhinolalia, occasional nasal regurgitation of food and a burning sensation in her nose and throat while eating. She self-medicated with a topical application of crushed acetaminophen and oxycodone tablets to her throat to prevent discomfort while eating. Physical examination revealed poor dentition, palatal destruction, absent soft palate and a white …
PLAs in quantum-dot cellular automata

Research in the fields of physics, chemistry and electronics has demonstrated that quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a viable alternative for nano-scale computing. However, little work on QCA has studied designing implementation-friendly programmable QCA circuits. This paper fills this gap by presenting a novel QCA-based programmable logic array (PLA) structure. In addition to being compact, the proposed PLA structure exploits some unique properties of QCA cells to achieve ease of implementation, programming and defect detection. These features are indispensable to the successful adoption of any nano-scale circuits.
Quantitative Approach to Nature and Areal Variability of Fold Geometry: ABSTRACT

For describing variations of fold style, orientation, and location, quantitative scalar variables are preferred to quantitative vectoral or qualitative attributes. T. V. Loudon showed that useful quantitative data are obtained if fold profiles are subdivided into one-wavelength units, and if the inclinations (^Thgr), from the principal axes, or normals to the folded surfaces are measured; the orthogonal principal axes are defined first by factor analysis. The first four statistical moments of these cos ^Thgr values provide scalar descriptors of mean slope, tightness, asymmetry, and shape, respectively. Additional scalars include direction cosines of the principal axes, kurtosis and skewness of the cos ^Thgr values, and the ratio of profile length to wave length. Vectoral fold attributes plotted on Schmidt equal-area projections necessarily divorce measurements from geographical locations. Scallars facilitate the drawing of contour maps of the areal variability of fold geometry. Surface-trend analyses, widely used in stratigraphic and petrographic research, are used to illustrate regional changes in fold terranes. Scalar descriptors are useful also in sequential, multivariate regression analyses to search for those geologic factors that controlled the nature and regional variability of folds. Such methods have potential in analyzing subsurface folds for water or petroleum-resource studies. Examples are based on correlations of regional fold patterns with (a) variations of member thickness, lithology, cementation, stratigraphy, etc. and (b) proximity to major tectonic features. Such methods are valuable for prediction and permit quantitative testing of hypotheses, e.g., that fold styles in an area (a) change progressively with metamorphic grade or (b) are dissimilar in sandstone and limestone. End_of_Article - Last_Page 640------------
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Other Lymphoproliferative Disorders

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia affects less than 1% of US adults but is the most common leukemia and primarily affects older patients. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas are the seventh most common cancers in the United States and also primarily affect older patients. In general, older patients should be treated differently than their younger, fitter counterparts. Fitness level and comorbidities should be taken into account when planning treatment. First-line treatment of most of these B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders consists of chemoimmunotherapy. In relapsed and refractory disease, there is a growing role for therapies targeting the B-cell receptor signaling pathway.
East Blurs West: Global Crusaders in Amin Maalouf’s L’Amour de Loin

One of the most respected writers in the world, Amin Maalouf, is a transcultural exile who calls for a more encompassing concept of identity in the context of internationalisation. His L’Amour de loin [Love from afar] (Maalouf 2001), a libretto written for the opera by Finnish composer Kaija Saariaho, deals with the encounters between a twelfth century French poet-crusader dreaming of a woman in the East, the Countess of Tripoli, and the Pilgrim who bridges their two shores. Each of these characters represents a unique form of exile, alienation and isolation. Not surprisingly, they also embody a fusion of cultural identities and function as global crusaders bridging and blurring the boundaries between East and West. Although Maalouf revisits the mediaeval legend, he infuses his Love From Afar with modern themes such as a blending of dreams with reality, displacement, exoticism and an intermingling of perceptions of Orientalism and Occidentalism, all dramatised by means of a graceful, lyrical script that makes this one of his most powerful operatic librettos.
Numerical Simulations and Performance Comparison of Air-Blast and Pressure Jet Atomizers

2The paper numerically investigates particle breakup and resulting atomization characteristics of Jet A liquid fuel and provides comparison of performance characteristics for pressure-jet and air-blast atomizer configurations. ANSYS-CFX© RANS solver is used to conduct the steady state analyses at different time scales. By employing a Lagrangian particle tracking method to track the path of the liquid particles, the liquid jet/spray phenomena are studied for low and high back-pressure environments. The BLOB primary breakup model and the Cascade Atomization and Breakup (CAB) secondary breakup model are incorporated for analyzing the atomization phenomena. Parameters taken into consideration include the JetA liquid Sauter Mean Diameter, Jet A Liquid Average Velocity, and the turbulent kinetic energy.
Immigrant entrepreneurship and business patterns : A comparison of Koreans and Iranians in Los Angeles

There are currently two theoretically controversial issues concerning immigrant and ethnic entrepreneurship in the literature, one on its causes and the other on its consequences. The first is the ...
Successful Conversion From Parenteral Paricalcitol to Pulse Oral Calcitriol for the Management of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Hemodialysis Patients.

Objective The management of hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients involves the administration of phosphate binders, vitamin D receptor activators, and calcimimetics. Intravenous paricalcitol has been preferred over oral calcitriol as it may cause less hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. However, there is little data looking at the efficacy and tolerability of oral calcitriol in the calcimimetic era particularly in a real practice-based experience. The University of California, Irvine free-standing dialysis center converted from routine intravenous paricalcitol to oral calcitriol due to pharmacy purchasing preferences. We report the efficacy, safety, and cost of such a change. Subjects Ninety-three preconversion intravenous paricalcitol and 91 postconversion oral calcitriol. Intervention Conversion to in-center, pulse, oral calcitriol (0.25 mcg = 1 mcg paricalcitol) 3 times a week from intravenous paricalcitol. Additional dose adjustments were made by the nephrologists based on clinical indications. Main Outcome Measure Five-month average serum calcium, phosphorous, and intact parathyroid hormone levels and cardiovascular events pretransition and posttransition. Results There were 93 patients on intravenous paricalcitol between April 2013 and August 2013, of which 74 converted to oral calcitriol and were included in the postconversion group evaluated between October 2013 and February 2014. An additional 17 new patients had initiated calcitriol such that 91 patients were on oral therapy in the postconversion period. Sevelamer use increased from 41 (44.1%) patients preconversion to 48 (52.7%) postconversion, whereas calcium acetate use significantly dropped from 62 (66.7%) to 46 (50.5%) ( P = .026). Cinacalcet use dropped slightly from 37 (39.7%) patients preconversion to 35 (38.4%) postconversion. Average serum calcium, phosphorus, and intact parathyroid hormone levels remained unchanged after conversion. Percent of values within Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative guidelines were similarly maintained. Estimated vitamin D cost savings were $564 per person/year. No increase in the incidence of cardiovascular events was observed. Conclusions We conclude that in-center distributed pulse oral calcitriol may be an effective, safe, and economical treatment option for the management of hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients.
Fossil Marine Vertebrates from the Blue Hill Shale Member (Middle Turonian) of the Upper Cretaceous Carlile Shale in Northeastern Nebraska

The Blue Hill Shale Member of the Carlile Shale is a Middle Turonian (ca. 90 Ma) nearshore deposit formed during the regressive phase of the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway of North America. Over 900 identifiable specimens of fossil vertebrates were recovered from a locality in northeastern Nebraska that include at least 40 taxa, comprising a minimum of 23 chondrichthyan fishes, 16 osteichthyan fishes, and one aquatic squamate reptile. The fauna includes taxa such as Meristodonoides, Cantioscyllium, Scapanorhynchus, Cretodus, Protoplatyrhina, Pseudohypolophus, and Ptychotrygon, that are commonly represented in Middle Turonian nearshore deposits of North America. The vertebrate fauna described here is composed of nearly 50% non-durophagous and 50% durophagous fishes by number of taxa. Among the nondurophagous fishes are a large carnivorous Cretodus crassidens and medium-sized scavengers Squalicorax spp., but others are primarily piscivores.
247 COMPARISON OF TWO EPOCHS AFTER A NEW PROTOCOL FOR EARLY AMINO ACIDS IN EXTREMELY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS.

Purpose To compare metabolic and physiologic responses of extremely low birth weight infants (ELBW: ≤ 1,000 g) from birth-DOL 5 in two periods after instituting a new TPN protocol. E-I was 1/1/00-12/31/01; E-II ran from 1/1/02-7/1/04. Early TPN was initiated within 24 hours of birth; later TPN was that begun after 24 hours of life. Methods This was a retrospective chart review. Eligibility included weight, admission within 24 hours of birth, survival ≥ 7 days, and freedom from serious congenital anomalies. Data included basic demographics, daily nutritional intakes from all sources, and high and low values of specified laboratory tests. Significant medical events during remaining hospitalization were captured as well. Results Seventy ELBW infants in E-I were compared with 99 in E-II. BW, GA, and illness scores were similar in both cohorts. Early TPN was more prevalent in E-II (74%) compared with E-I (55%) (p 2.2 mg/dL) rose from 11% in E-I to 26% in E-II (p = .02). Overall, the infants with CHL were smaller (679 g vs 791 g), more immature (25 wk vs 26 wk), sicker (SNAPPE 52 vs 36), reached RTBW sooner (9.7 d vs 12.6 d), and received more days of TPN (62 vs 24). During both epochs, overall metabolic response to early TPN was acceptable (glucose, K, BUN). There was no correlation between protein dose and BUN. Conclusions The increased use of early amino acids has positively influenced postnatal growth performance by reducing RTBW and extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) without metabolic stress. There was an increase in cholestasis.
Law, Religion, and Conscience in a Pluralistic Society: The Case of the Little Sisters of the Poor

In their participation as plaintiffs in Zubik v. Burwell, the Little Sisters of the Poor have appealed to the moral teachings of the Catholic Church in order to argue that the Affordable Care Act requires the organization to act against its conscience and in complicity with evil. However, this Article argues that the exigencies of litigation have required the plaintiffs to distort Roman Catholic moral teaching on cooperation with evil and the respect due to the conscience of others. John Rawls’ concept of ‘civic respect’ and Mario Cuomo’s invocation of the Golden Rule provide a framework for understanding the moral requirement to respect the conscience of others. Examining the role of the Little Sisters of the Poor as an employer and institutional citizen clarifies the moral issues surrounding this case and demonstrates the ways in which the adversarial nature of the legal process has pressed them to understand both their own obligations and those of the government in a binary manner. This distortion has prevented them from helping to discern what sorts of conscience protection are appropriate for all of us in an interdependent and pluralistic constitutional democracy.
Preemptive Analgesia: Problems with Assessment of Clinical Significance

The results of clinical studies on the value of preemptive analgesia are far from being unanimous. There are a number of potential problems related to preemptive analgesia that could lead to controversy regarding its clinical significance. The following potential problems are analyzed: (1) terminology, (2) approach to reveal the effect of preemptive analgesia, (3) verification of the direct pharmacological effect of a treatment, (4) partial preemptive effect in control, (5) intensity of noxious stimuli, (6) difference in a drug concentration between study groups during postoperative period, and (7) outcome measures.
DNA methylation alters transcriptional rates of differentially expressed genes and contributes to pathophysiology in mice fed a high fat diet

Abstract Objective Overnutrition can alter gene expression patterns through epigenetic mechanisms that may persist through generations. However, it is less clear if overnutrition, for example a high fat diet, modifies epigenetic control of gene expression in adults, or by what molecular mechanisms, or if such mechanisms contribute to the pathology of the metabolic syndrome. Here we test the hypothesis that a high fat diet alters hepatic DNA methylation, transcription and gene expression patterns, and explore the contribution of such changes to the pathophysiology of obesity. Methods RNA-seq and targeted high-throughput bisulfite DNA sequencing were used to undertake a systematic analysis of the hepatic response to a high fat diet. RT-PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation and in vivo knockdown of an identified driver gene, Phlda1 , were used to validate the results. Results A high fat diet resulted in the hypermethylation and decreased transcription and expression of Phlda1 and several other genes. A subnetwork of genes associated with Phlda1 was identified from an existing Bayesian gene network that contained numerous hepatic regulatory genes involved in lipid and body weight homeostasis. Hepatic-specific depletion of Phlda1 in mice decreased expression of the genes in the subnetwork, and led to increased oil droplet size in standard chow-fed mice, an early indicator of steatosis, validating the contribution of this gene to the phenotype. Conclusions We conclude that a high fat diet alters the epigenetics and transcriptional activity of key hepatic genes controlling lipid homeostasis, contributing to the pathophysiology of obesity.
The relationship between situational determinants of use and drinking motives

Objective: Recent research has focused on motives as proximal factors of alcohol use that relate to problematic outcomes. High-risk situations for use are also salient predictors of use and negativ...
Pressureless Sintering of Mo-Si-B Alloys with Fe Additive

The sintering behavior of Mo-Si-B alloys with iron as a sintering additive was investigated. The addition of small amounts of Fe effectively enhanced the densification of Mo-Si-B at temperatures below 1900 °C. The addition of 5 at.% Fe resulted in nearly full densification (97.0% of theoretical density) when sintered at 1750 °C for 2 h, while the unmodified Mo-Si-B alloy could be densified to only 66.8% of its theoretical density under these conditions. Addition of 0.5 at.% Fe and 2 at.% Fe increased the degree of densification of Mo-Si-B by 15.4 and 17.0%, respectively, and led to nearly full densification at 1900 and 1850 °C, respectively. Fe-Si-B eutectic liquid was formed at low temperatures and disappeared at high temperatures. We propose that the addition of Fe led to the formation of a transient liquid, facilitating liquid-phase sintering of the powder compacts.
Powder X-ray diffraction of Metastudtite, (UO2)O2(H2O)2

There has been some confusion in the published literature concerning the structure of Metastudtite (UO2)O2(H2O)2 where differing unit cells and space groups have been cited for this compound. Owing to the absence of a refined structure for Metastudtite, Weck et al. (2012) have documented a first-principles study of Metastudtite using density functional theory (DFT). Their model presents the structure of Metastudtite as an orthorhombic (space group Pnma) structure with lattice parameters of a = 8.45, b = 8.72, and c = 6.75 A. A Powder Diffraction File (PDF) database entry has been allocated for this hypothetical Metastudtite phase based on the DFT modeling (see 01-081-9033) and aforementioned Dalton Trans. manuscript. We have obtained phase pure powder X-ray diffraction data for Metastudtite and have confirmed the model of Weck et al. via Rietveld refinement (see Figure 1). Structural refinement of this powder diffraction dataset has yielded updated refined parameters. The new cell has been determined as a = 8.411(1), b = 8.744(1), and c = 6.505(1) A; cell volume = 478.39 A3. There are only subtle differences between the refined structure and that of the first-principles model derived from DFT. Notably, the b-axis is significantly contracted in the final refinement as compared with DFT. There were also subtle changes to the U1, O1, and O3 atom positions. Tabulated powder diffraction data (d's and I's) for the Metastudtite have been derived from the refined model and these new values can serve to augment the PDF entry 01-081-9033 with a more updated entry based on observed X-ray powder diffraction data.
Joint Inverse Problems for Signal Reconstruction via Dictionary Splitting

Sparse signal recovery from limited and/or degraded samples is fundamental to many applications, such as medical imaging, remote sensing, astronomical and seismic imaging. Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) has been commonly used for sparse representation of signals; nevertheless, due to its shift-variant nature, pseudo-Gibbs artifacts are present in the recovered signals. Using the redundant shift-invariant wavelet transform (SWT) is the ideal solution to obtain shift invariance; however, high redundancy factor of SWT limits its application in practical settings. We propose a dictionary splitting approach for sparse recovery from incomplete data, which leverages the ideas of cycle spinning in combination with Bregman splitting. The proposed method significantly improves the conventional signal reconstruction with DWT, offers the advantages of SWT, and overcomes high redundancy factor of SWT. We solve parallel sparse recovery problems with orthogonal dictionaries (DWT and its permuted versions), while we impose consistency between the results by updating the recovered image at each iteration. Our experiments demonstrate that few shifts are sufficient to achieve reconstruction accuracy as high as recovery with SWT, and significantly reduces its computational cost and redundancy factor.
Trauma, Race, and Risk for Violent Felony Arrests Among Florida Juvenile Offenders:

This study tests the assumptions of the The Childhood Trauma Model, which proposes that marginalized populations are both more likely to have traumatic childhoods and more criminalized than those i...
‘Ulama’ and Reforms of the 1920s in Central Asia

Basing on archival sources from Uzbekistan Rinat Shigabdinov explores forms of in­teraction between representatives of Muslim spiritual elite ('ulamo') and the early Soviet state in Turkestan in the 1920s. The author argues that in the period of new economic pol­itics Soviet power succeeded in gaining the ear of a loyal part of ' ulama ' appealing to slo­gans of all-world Muslim solidarity against imperialist expansion of the capitalist West. Muslim clerics took part in early stage of the Cultural Revolution and other Soviet reforms. In the second half of the 1920s socialist authorities took on the offensive against local Muslim societies. There happened gradual secularization of Islamic education and pious endowments ( waqf) in the region.
Letter by Malhotra et al Regarding Article, "Neurons Over Nephrons: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Patients With Acute Stroke".

We thank the authors Brinjikji et al for their study on contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in acute stroke patients.1 The study concludes that iodinated contrast for computed tomographic (CT) angiography/CT perfusion does not increase the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with acute stroke. We have a few observations and questions. Do the authors have an explanation as to why AKI incidence was lower in patients who received contrast as noted in the meta-analysis results (2.3 versus 6.3% in case-controlled studies)? Preexisting renal dysfunction is the most important risk factor for development of CIN.2 Baseline creatinine is not reliable enough to identify patients at risk for CIN, and creatinine clearance is more reliable to assess renal function.3 Closer scrutiny of the case-controlled studies included …
The Common Developmental Origin of Eyespots and Parafocal Elements and a New Model Mechanism for Color Pattern Formation

The border ocelli and adjacent parafocal elements are among the most diverse and finely detailed features of butterfly wing patterns. The border ocelli can be circular, elliptical, and heart-shaped or can develop as dots, arcs, or short lines. Parafocal elements are typically shaped like smooth arcs but are also often “V,” “W,” and “M” shaped. The fusion of a border ocellus with its adjacent parafocal element is a common response to temperature shock and treatment with chemicals such as heparin and tungstate ions. Here I develop a new mathematical model for the formation of border ocelli and parafocal elements. The models are a reaction-diffusion model based on the well-established gradient-threshold mechanisms in embryonic development. The model uses a simple biochemical reaction sequence that is initiated at the wing veins and from there spreads across the field in the manner of a grass-fire. Unlike Turing-style models, this model is insensitive to the size of the field. Like real developmental systems, the model does not have a steady state, but the pattern is “read out” at a point in development, in response to an independent developmental signal such as a pulse of ecdysone secretion, which is known to regulate color pattern in butterflies. The grass-fire model reproduces the sequence of Distal-less expression that determines the position of eyespot foci and also shows how a border ocellus and its neighboring parafocal element can arise from such a single focus. The grass-fire model shows that the apparent fusion of ocellus and parafocal element is probably due to a premature termination of the normal process that separates the two and supports the hypothesis that the parafocal element is the distal band of the border symmetry system.
Clinical aspects of respiratory mucus.

In the clinical setting it is impossible to separate respiratory mucus from the cilia that move it. Muco-ciliary clearance is the silent watch-dog of the lung in health: in disease it is often a noisy one. The ‘bark’ of a cough is usually associated with mucus increased above normal in amount and often abnormal in composition.
Investigations of short-chain fatty acids in humans

Summary Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are the 2, 3 and 4 carbon saturated monocarboxylic acids produced in the human colon by bacterial enzymatic breakdown of dietary fibre, undigested starch, and non-absorbed simple carbohydrates. They provide an important energy source for the colon and are metabolized both locally and systemically. During the past decade many studies have investigated the structural and physiologic effects of SCFA on the colon in various animal species. More recently, important physiologic studies have been performed in humans. Additionally, the exogenous administration of SCFA to humans, particularly for those with proctosigmoiditis has been investigated. This report briefly reviews recent information concerning the physiologic effects of SCFA with particular relevance to humans. Additionally, the exogenous administration of SCFA for radiation proctitis and the possible protective role of SCFA in ulcerative colitis is discussed. Finally, suggestions for further SCFA research in humans are provided.
The Equity Implications of Smart Grid: Questioning the Size and Distribution of Smart Grid Costs and Benefits

Important equity questions remain unanswered with respect to smart grid and center on both the size and distribution of its costs and benefits. Smart grid is an ambiguous term with multiple meanings. It captures the general notion that the electric power system could be upgraded with new measurement, data, and computational technologies to provide consumers, system operators, and transmission and distribution utilities with additional functionalities that are purported to deliver significant benefits to utilities, ratepayers, and society in the form of lower costs, improved reliability, and lower environmental impacts. Unfortunately, by using this term, some advocates of smart grids may be making the assumption rather than the case that these technologies work, that their benefits to society will exceed their costs, and that these technologies are equitable. Regulators asked to approve smart grid investments must explicitly consider multiple definitions of equity, require utilities to provide more choices to consumers, and probe the cost-benefit analyses that are used to justify large smart grid investments.
Demographic hallmarks of an overbrowsed population state in American ginseng

Abstract Effects of high deer herbivory in North America on populations of favored plant browse species have been well-documented, however since less palatable plants now dominate the understory, we asked whether these species could be vulnerable as well, and if so, what symptoms might signal that this was occurring? Using American ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius L.) as our representative less palatable understory plant, we compared two subpopulations within a single natural population that were differentially exposed to browse; one isolated from deer by growing atop a large, flat-topped boulder, and a browse-exposed subpopulation in the surrounding low-lying area. We tested the hypothesis that deer effects would be manifested in all parts of the life history; through reduced growth, survival and reproduction. In turn, we hypothesized that browse would reduce population growth rates, and that differences in stage structure of the population would be produced. Taking advantage of a 20 year record of formal demographic censusing, we showed that browse effects were manifested primarily in reduced size-specific growth, while size-specific fertility and survival were relatively unaffected by exposure to browse. Demographically, these differences in growth were sufficient to drive population size reductions of 4.5%/y in the off rock subpopulation while the on rock plants slowly increased in number. High browse off the rock resulted in high proportions of plants in a stunted juvenile state in the off rock population relative to the on rock plants. A high proportion of juveniles is therefore a clear symptom of an understory subjected to chronic overbrowsing, providing land managers a rapid way to assess whether deer could be impacting understory biodiversity. The sharp demographic contrasts we observed between browsed and unbrowsed subpopulations also implies that promotion of refugia within managed lands will likely become increasingly important management tools for biodiversity preservation as long as unchecked deer populations persist.
In Vitro Activity of Omadacycline against Chlamydia pneumoniae.

The in vitro activities of omadacycline, azithromycin, doxycycline, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin were tested against 15 isolates of Chlamydia pneumoniae. The minimum inhibitory concentration at which 90% of the isolates of C. pneumoniae were inhibited by omadacycline was 0.25 μg/ml (range, 0.03 to 0.5 μg/ml).
Abstract A226: Cell-free membrane reconstitution system for cis and trans interaction of T-cell co-receptors and ligands

Immunotherapy, which harnesses the immune system to combat cancers, is a paradigm-shifting approach in oncology. One important branch of immunotherapy is to use drugs to perturb molecular interactions at the T-cell–antigen presenting cell (APC) interface. In particular, antibodies that block the T-cell coinhibitory receptor PD-1 or its ligand PD-L1 have produced unprecedented clinical activities against a subset of human cancers in a fraction of patients. Extending immunotherapy to a larger patient population requires a better understanding of the interaction network at the T-cell-APC interface. Typically, it is believed that ligands from APCs bind to receptors on T-cells (in trans) to trigger intracellular signaling. A largely overlooked fact is that many receptors often co-exist with ligands on T-cells and APCs, including PD-1/PD-L1 and CD28/B7.1. Using novel reconstitution approaches, we recently discovered that co-expressed PD- 1 and PD-L1 bind to each other in cis and this cis interaction competes with their trans interaction to inhibit PD-1 signaling. We hypothesize that cis interaction occurs with many other ligand-receptor pairs and may regulate other aspects of tumor immunity by perturbing their trans interactions. We are currently using our robust reconstitution systems to ask whether other immunoreceptors and ligands interact in cis and how the putative cis interaction affect their trans interactions. Specifically, to detect cis interaction, we co-attach the ligand and receptor to liposomes, and probe their cis interaction using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) readout. To detect trans interaction, we have developed a liposome-lipid bilayer conjugation assay, in which binding between ligand- labeled liposomes and receptor-labeled supported lipid bilayer (SLB) is used as an index for trans interaction. To determine whether cis interaction inhibits trans interaction, we ask in the liposome-bilayer system if addition of receptor on liposomes decreases liposome-SLB conjugation. Our preliminary data revealed that CD28 only binds B7.1 in trans, but not in cis. In contrast, PD-1 binds with PD-L1 both in cis and trans, and the two modes of interaction compete with each other. Further experiments in cells confirmed our finding in vitro, demonstrating the utility of our cell-free reconstitution systems in detecting cis and trans interaction of T-cell co-receptors. Insights from this study will help us clarify the ligand-receptor interaction network at the immunological synapse. Citation Format: Yunlong Zhao, Enfu Hui. Cell-free membrane reconstitution system for cis and trans interaction of T-cell co-receptors and ligands [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A226.
Cyclic automata

A cyclic graph language is accepted by a Cayley automaton 2] with pebbles if and only if their orders can be recognized in logspace by an ordinary Turing machine. There is an infinite hierarchy of cyclic graph languages and although most decision problems are decidable for 1-pebble cyclic automata, they are recursively unsolvable for 2-pebble automata.
A metacognitive intervention for teaching fractions to students with or at-risk for learning disabilities in mathematics

Assessment data from the United States and international reports of student achievement indicate that upper elementary students are failing to meet basic levels of proficiency in fractions and writing, and that this is particularly prevalent with students with or at-risk for learning disabilities in mathematics. Proficiency with fractions has been identified as foundational for learning higher-level mathematics but remains one of the most difficult skills for students to learn. In addition, students’ difficulty with fractions is exacerbated because of increased chances of comorbidity with language learning problems, particularly difficulties constructing arguments and communicating using writing. We describe FACT + R2C2, a language-based, metacognitive instructional intervention that was designed using the Self-Regulated Strategy Development model (SRSD) for teaching foundational concepts of fractions. The results from two studies in which the intervention was administered to upper elementary students who exhibit mathematics difficulties indicated selected increases in students’ computational accuracy, quality of mathematical reasoning, number of rhetorical elements, and total words. With evidence of improved performance in these areas, FACT + R2C2 holds promise for helping these students become proficient self-regulated learners.
Problems, Prospects and Applications of Erosional/Depositional Phenomena

The erosion of surfaces due to the interaction of particles (inert or reactive ions/atoms, electrons) and electromagnetic radiation with materials and the deposition of films on different substrates have become subjects of major interest, and therefore the object of extensive studies, as a consequence of the relevance of erosion and deposition processes in different technologies. Recent reviews(1–4) have shown that the processes mentioned above can produce texturing of surfaces due to ion bombardment or vapor deposition. It has been demonstrated in those reviews that textured surfaces already are used in some technologies, have the potential to be useful in others, and are relevant either on detrimental or beneficial bases in different experimental techniques.
Tensions on the spectrum: an inductive investigation of employee and manager experiences of autism

The increase in autistic individuals seeking employment has led to a growing need for management researchers to consider autism in the workplace. To date, little organizational research has examined this area and what research does exist relies on theories imported from either general psychology (e.g., stigma theory) or reflects a view of autism as a disability. We use the constant comparative method from grounded theory to explore three research questions and to provide researchers and practitioners with recommendations for how autism influences the workplace. Our data sources include (1) written responses from autistic individuals with an employment history and (2) written responses from individuals who have managed autistic individuals in the workplace. Across our two samples, we found largely complementary viewpoints with some of the main categories revolving around disclosure, communication issues or misunderstandings, and management support. Underlying these categories was a desire for equal treatment and an unfortunate ignorance of what autism is. The responses also led us to provide a framework that is organized around the tensions that autistic individuals feel in the workplace regarding disclosure. We conclude by situating our results in the existing literature and discussing the strategic integration of autistic individuals into the workforce.