cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seeing Through Lies: Teaching Ideological Literacy as a Corrective Lens

Breaking down the social, political, and cultural processes through which race, class, and gender worldviews are established, ideological literacies help students look closely at the intricate, contradictory meanings in texts. The purpose of developing ideological literacies in urban youth is so they become more socially conscious of the communication strategies guiding their identities. This article highlights the ways ideologies are consumed, re-produced, and often internalized by marginalized youth of color in urban communities, ultimately, offering a teacher-oriented analysis of using ideological literacies as an empowering tool for students to examine issues of privilege, social control, and oppression in U.S. society.
Nuclear data sheets for A = 226

Abstract Nuclear structure information for all nuclei with mass number A = 226 is evaluated. The results from various decay experiments are compared. Adopted data, levels, and spin and parity assignments are given.
Three basic problems of paleoclimatic modeling: a personal perspective and review

The development of a theory of the evolution of the climate of the earth over millions of years can be subdivided into three fundamental, nested, problems: Firstly, to establish by equilibrium climate models (e.g., general circulation models) the diagnostic relations, valid at any time, between the fast-response climate variables (i.e., the “weather statistics”) and both the prescribed external radiative forcing and the prescribed distribution of the slow-response variables (e.g., the ice sheets and shelves, the deep ocean state, and the atmospheric CO2 concentration). Secondly, to construct, by an essentially inductive process, a model of the time-dependent evolution of the slow-response climatic variables over time scales longer than the damping times of these variables but shorter than the time scale of ultra-slow tectonic and astronomical changes in the boundary conditions (e.g., altered geography and elevation of the continents, slow outgassing and weathering and and solar radiative output). Thirdly, to determine the nature of these ultra-slow processes and their effects on the evolution of the equilibrium state of the climatic system about which the previously mentioned time-dependent variations occur. In this review we discuss the basis for this resolution, and give a broad overview of the contributions that have been made thus far in each area, emphasizing the work of the Yale climate group.
Passivity-Based Control of Bipedal Locomotion

In this article, we have shown how to design energy-based and passivity-based control laws that exploit the existence of passive walking gaits to achieve walking on different ground slopes, to increase the size of the basin of attraction and robustness properties of stable limit cycles, and to regulate walking speed. Many of the results presented in this are the compass gait are equally applicable to bipeds with knees and a torso. Practical considerations such as actuator saturation, ground reaction forces, and ground friction need to be addressed. The problem of foot rotation introduces an underactuated phase into the walking gait, which greatly challenges the application of energy shaping ideas. For walking in 3D, finding purely passive limit cycles, which is the first step in applying our energy control results, may be difficult. It was shown how ideas of geometric reduction can be used to generate 3D stable gaits given only 2D passive limit cycles.
Rupture process of the 1995 Antofagasta subduction earthquake ≤Mw = 8.1)

A finite-source rupture model of the July 30, 1995, M w = 8.1 Antofagasta (Northern Chile) subduction earthquake is developed using body and surface waves that span periods from 20 to 290 s. A long-period (150–290 s) surface-wave spectral inversion technique is applied to estimate the average finite-fault source properties. Deconvolutions of broadband body waves using theoretical Green’s functions, and deconvolutions of broadband fundamental mode surface waves using empirical Green’s functions provided by a large aftershock, yield effective source time functions containing periods from 20 to 200 s for many directivity parameters. The source time functions are used in an inverse radon transform to image a one-dimensional spatial model of the moment rate history. The event produced a predominantly unilateral southward rupture, yielding strong directivity effects on all seismic waves with periods less than a few hundred seconds. The aftershock information, spectral analysis, and moment rate distribution indicate a rupture length of 180-200 km, with the largest slip concentrated in the first 120 km, a rupture azimuth of 205° ± 10° along the Chilean coastline, and a rupture duration of 60–68 s with a corresponding average rupture velocity of 3.0–3.2 km/s. The overall rupture character is quite smooth, accentuating the directivity effects and reducing the shaking intensity, however there are three regions with enhanced moment rate distributed along the rupture zone: near the epicenter, 50 to 80 km south of the epicenter, and 110 to 140 km south of the epicenter.
Some recent aspects of the X-ray photoelectron spectra and chemistry of low oxidation state molybdenum halides and their complexes

Abstract A brief review is presented of the X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) of a variety of molybdenum oxides and molybdenum-containing heterogeneous catalysts which have been reported during the last five years (1971–1976). A more detailed account is given of Mo(3d) and Cl(2p) binding energies of molybdenum halides and their complexes in which the central metal atom possesses a formal oxidation state anywhere between (V) and (II). A correlation exists between the Mo(3d) and Re(4f) binding energies of molybdenum and rhenium chloride complexes which possess very similar molecular structures (e.g. MoCl4(PPh3)2 and ReCl4(PPh3)2) or in which the metal ions are formally isoelectronic (e.g. Mo2Cl4(PEt3)4 and Re2Cl6(PEt3)2). As a result of differences between the Cl(2p) binding energy spectra of α- and β-MoCl2, a detailed study has been made of the chemical reactivity of these two halides. Unlike α-MoCl2, which contains a hexanuclear cluster of molybdenum atoms (Mo6Cl12), β-MoCl2 is formulated as having a polymeric structure (Mo2Cl4)n in which metal-metal bonded Mo2 units are present.
Unrecoverable Strain Hardening in Torsionally Strained OFHC Copper

This paper investigates the recoverable and unrecoverable components of strain hardening in OFHC copper tubing subjected to torsional strain
Asia-Pacific economic cooperation: Structure of a common economic region

Abstract The post-World War II bipolar economic grouping of the nations of the world into two blocs—the North and the South (rich nations in the North and poor ones in the South)—can hardly be useful in the post-Cold War decades. The dynamics of the two sets of economic events—one in Europe (one common economic region of European Community), and another in Asia (Japan's economic achievement plus economic growth in Asia-Pacific economies)—plus the liquidation of hostile political confrontation between the East and the West, warrant a search for a new international economic order. A new multi-polar arrangement of the economies of the world may now replace the North-South bipolar arrangement. A set of continent-based economic regions, relative to a structural compact, should optimize global economic gains, satisfying the Pareto optimality condition of second best.
Blind Decentralized Estimation for Bandwidth Constrained Sensor Networks

In this paper, we extend the decentralized estimation model to the case in which imperfect transmission channels are considered. The proposed estimators, which operate on additive channel noise corrupted versions of quantized noisy sensor observations, are approached from a maximum likelihood (ML) perspective. Complicating this approach is the fact that the noise distribution is rarely fully known to the fusion center. Here we assume the distribution is known but not the defining parameters, e.g., variance. The resulting incomplete data estimation problem is approached from a expectation-maximization (EM) perspective. The critical initialization and convergence aspects of the EM algorithm are investigated. Furthermore, the estimation of the source parameter is extended to the blind case where both the channel and sensor noise parameters are unknown. Finally, numerical experiments are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed estimators.
ON THE DENSITY OF DISCRIMINANTS OF ABELIAN EXTENSIONS OF A NUMBER FIELD

Let G = Cl × Cl denote the product of two cyclic groups of prime order l, and let k be an algebraic number field. Let N(k, G, m) denote the number of abelian extensions K of k with Galois group G(K/k) isomorphic to G, and the relative discriminant &#x1d49f;(K/k) of norm equal to m. In this paper, we derive an asymptotic formula for ∑m≤XN(k, G; m). This extends the result previously obtained by Datskovsky and Mammo.
Influence of an applied electric field on state changing in xenon-Rydberg-atom--xenon collisions

The influence of an applied electric field on state changing in collisions between laser-excited $\mathrm{Xe}(\mathrm{nf})$ atoms and xenon target gas is described. The presence of the field results in marked changes in both the rate constant for collisional state changing and the final-state distribution. The changes can be generally understood in terms of energy-transfer arguments based on the "essentially-free" electron model, although the degree of spatial overlap between the wave functions associated with the initial and final states may also be important.
Archers, musketeers, and mosquitoes: the Moroccan invasion of the Sudan and the Songhay resistance (1591-1612).

This paper reinterprets the invasion of Songhay by the Sa'did Sultan Mulāy al-Mansūr's mercenaries led by the Pasha Judar. The battle of Tondibi in March 1591, and the subsequent defeat of the Askiya Isḥāq II, marked a turning point in both Moroccan and West African history. The paper assumes a strong relation between the invasion, the Mediterranean problems and the commercial needs of the Sa'did. Al-Mansūr wanted to regain control of the gold trade to stimulate the economy of his kingdom. However, his expeditionary forces got bogged down in the fly-infested southern swamps because of an unexpected protracted war of resistance led by the Askiya Nūḥu. Revolts in the cities and the countryside led to repression and the exile of a group of prominent ‘ulamā’ in 1594. The Moroccans also suffered from a lack of administrative coordination as demonstrated by the competition between the governor and the treasurer. All these problems culminated in a disaster. By 1612, unable to match the mobility of the resisters, the musketeers refused to do battle with the Songhay archers. Finally, the qā' id AH al-Talamsānī deposed the Pasha, and the Sultan began to lose control of his troops. As Songhay and Morocco experienced serious crises in the seventeenth century, Europe's domination of international trade became uncontested. The invasion swallowed up both the conqueror and the conquered.
Which reduces IT turnover intention the most: Workplace characteristics or job characteristics?

Studies have shown that positive perceived job characteristics, such as job significance and task autonomy, tend to decrease IT personnel turnover intention. In addition, employee perception of their workplace characteristics may affect turnover. Few studies have examined this. We tested whether workplace characteristics - structural fairness, trust in senior management, employee information sharing, and job security - affected turnover intention as much as did job characteristics. We found that workplace characteristics out-predicted job characteristics. However, this was true only for programmer/analysts. The reverse was true for technical support personnel. Practical implications are discussed.
Predictors of course in obsessive compulsive disorder

Systematic studies of course of illness in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) using standardized diagnostic criteria are relatively rare. In the present study, 100 patients diagnosed with OCD were prospectively followed for up to 5 years. Other comorbid conditions included anxiety disorders (76%), major depressive disorder (33%), and at least one personality disorder (33%), mainly in the anxious cluster. Approximately 20% of patients had full remission and 50% had partial remission during follow-up. Significant predictors of partial remission included being married and having lower global severity scores at intake; the presence of major depression was marginally predictive of poorer course. Adequate serotonergic medication was associated with worse course, but findings are likely spurious. Only marital status and global severity were retained as predictors in a final regression model. Findings are discussed with regard to sample characteristics and similarity to other reports on predictors of course and of treatment outcome.
Relationships among indices of fire severity in riparian zones

There is no standard quantitative measure of fire severity. Although different measures of fire severity are often assumed to be closely related, information on the relationships between these measures of fire severity is limited. Information on the relationship between various fire severity indices is particularly lacking for riparian zones, critical areas of the landscape for both habitat and water quality. The present study explores relationships among several ground-based and remotely sensed indices of fire severity in riparian areas of recent fires in Oregon, including ground-based indices of overstorey fire severity (crown scorch and basal area mortality) and understorey fire severity (height of bole char and exposed mineral soil). There were relatively strong associations between the two overstorey indices of fire severity and also between the two understorey indices of fire severity. However, there were weaker associations between understorey and overstorey fire severity indices, suggesting they are at least partially independent. Results also suggested weak associations between ground-based fire severity indices and remotely sensed fire severity assessments in riparian areas. Overall, we show there are limitations to the interpretation and use of these commonly used fire severity assessments in riparian areas.
The 5-HT3 receptor in mammalian brain: a new target for the development of psychotropic drugs?

The 5-HT 3 Receptor in Mammalian Brain: A New Target for the Development of Psychotropic Drugs?
Extensive gluteal hematoma following InterStim implant: a case report.

Major bleeding complications following sacral nerve stimulation (SNS, InterStim®) are exceptionally rare and have not been reported in the literature. We report a case of extensive gluteal hematoma following SNS procedure in a woman with a known history of thrombophilia.
Mapping and preserver properties of the principal pivot transform

The principal pivot transform (PPT) is a transformation of a matrix A tantamount to exchanging a fixed set of entries among all of the domain-range vector pairs of A. In this article, first we identify the mapping properties of the PPT applied to certain matrix positivity classes. These classes include the (almost) P-matrices and (almost) N-matrices, arising in the linear complementarity problem. Second, a fundamental property of PPTs is proved, namely, that PPTs preserve the rank of the Hermitian part. Third, conditions for the preservation of left eigenspaces by a PPT are determined.
The Developmental Pattern of Expression of Intestinal Trefoil Factor in Fetal and Newborn Rat Gastrointestinal Tract • 249

The Developmental Pattern of Expression of Intestinal Trefoil Factor in Fetal and Newborn Rat Gastrointestinal Tract • 249
Ultrasound-Guided Peripheral Intravenous Access in the Emergency Department Using a Modified Seldinger Technique

Abstract Background: The utility of ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous access (USGPIV) has been well described. However, few studies have investigated USGPIV techniques. Objectives: To describe a modified Seldinger technique for USGPIV. Methods: Emergency Department patients with difficult i.v. access (three or more failed landmark attempts) were prospectively enrolled. USGPIV was attempted using modified Seldinger technique. A 20-gauge, 3.81-cm catheter with integral wire was used for all procedures. The basilic vein was identified using a high-frequency linear probe (5–10 MHz). The needle was inserted into the vein with dynamic guidance in short axis, and the cannula was advanced over a wire. Time from skin puncture to catheter insertion, number of needle sticks, and overall procedure time were recorded. Results: Twenty-five patients were enrolled and underwent USGPIV; success rate was 96% (24/25). The mean number of needle sticks was 1.32 (95% confidence interval 1.12–1.52). Median time from skin to catheter insertion was 68 s (± SD 70.5 s). Median total procedure time was 7 min (420 s) (± SD 5.23 min). Conclusions: Modified Seldinger technique is an effective method of USGPIV and is worthy of a prospective comparison with non-Seldinger technique.
Increase of conjugated linoleic acid content in milk by fermentation with lactic acid bacteria

ABSTRACT: The objectives of this study were to identify the factors and procedures responsible for increasing the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content in fermented milk. Fourteen lactic acid bacteria were screened for CLA-producing ability using sunflower oil (containing 70% linoleic acid) as a substrate. Among the screened strains, Lactococcus lactis I-01 showed the highest CLA-producing ability. The optimal concentration of sunflower oil for CLA production was 0.1 g/L in whole milk, which accounted for 0.25% of total milk fat. Our results demonstrated that CLA formation in fermented milk could be affected by numerous factors such as bacterial strain, cell number, optimal substrate concentration, and the period of incubation at neutral pH.
The role of molecular folds and ‘pre-conditioning’ in the unraveling of polymer molecules during extensional flow

Abstract Recent single-molecule DNA studies and simulations of bead-spring chains in an extensional flow device show that molecular stretching is impeded significantly at high fluid strain rates by the formation of folded molecular conformations [T.T. Perkins, D.E. Smith, S. Chu, Science 276 (1997) 2016–2021; D.E. Smith, S. Chu, Science 281 (1998) 1335–1340; R.G. Larson, H. Hu, D.E. Smith, S. Chu, J. Rheol. 43 (1999) 267–304]. We show using bead-spring Brownian dynamics simulations that the formation off olds is very sensitive to the initial molecular configuration, and can be largely avoided in extensional flow by pre-shearing the molecules prior to imposition of the extensional flow. Imposing the shearing flow simultaneously with the extensional flow has little or no effect on fold formation.
Equal access for religion in public schools? An empirical approach to a legal dilemma

Abstract Student religious groups often request permission to meet on public school property on the same basis as other voluntary student groups. Are schools required, permitted, or forbidden to allow this? Excluding voluntary religious groups infringes on students' First Amendment freedoms of religion, expression, and association; permitting religious meetings, however, may be perceived as government endorsement of religion and thus may also violate the First Amendment. At the core of this legal dilemma is an empirical question: At what age are students mature enough to distinguish voluntary student groups from required or school-endorsed activities? Research on the development of reasoning suggests that adolescents can generally grasp abstract distinctions of this sort but children under age 11 or 12 typically cannot. It is proposed that public secondary schools should be required to allow equal access for student religious groups but that public elementary schools are constitutionally forbidden to do so. Further research is necessary, however, to evaluate this tentative conclusion more directly. Additional discussion addresses broader considerations regarding the psychological meaning of religious neutrality and the use of empirical evidence in resolving legal issues.
Reducing MHT computational requirements through use of Cheap JPDA methods

Hypothesis formation is a major computational burden for any multiple hypotheses tracking (MHT) method. In particular, a track-oriented MHT method defines compatible tracks to be tracks not sharing common observations and then re-forms hypotheses from compatible tracks after each new scan of data is received. The Cheap Joint Probabilistic Data Association (CJPDA) method provides an efficient means for computing approximate hypothesis probabilities. This paper presents a method of extending CJPDA calculations in order to eliminate low probability track branches in a track-oriented MHT method. The method is tested using IRST data. This approach reduces the number of tracks in a cluster and the resultant computations required for hypothesis formation. It is also suggested that the use of CJPDA methods can reduce assignment matrix sizes and resultant computations for the hypothesis-oriented (Reid’s algorithm) MHT implementation.
Analysis of orientation clustering in a directionally solidified nickel-based ingot

Orientation imaging microscopy was used to study the field of lattice orientations in a directionally solidified ingot of nickel-based alloy in order to understand the evolution of grain structure and microtexture as a function of distance from the chilled surface. The lattice field is organized into equiaxed and randomly oriented grains at the chill plane. However, with increasing distance away from the chill plane, the microstructure organizes into increasingly coarse and ramified grain clusters in the region of columnar growth. The clusters comprise sets of grains connected by small-angle grain boundaries. Thus, the clustering of neighboring dendrites reflects a sharing of low-angle misorientations owing to the development of a strong 〈100〉 fiber texture and its concomitant, a profound change in misorientation distribution. The absence of any preferred orientation within a single cluster suggests that the clusters consist of separate grains. The radius of gyration and the fractal dimension have been used to characterize clustering in the microstructure. Clustering was found to increase with distance from the chill plane as the strength of the fiber texture increases. A critical misorientation angle was found at which the largest cluster percolates the microstructure. This critical angle decreases with increasing strength of the fiber texture.
Carnitine acyltransferases in rat liver peroxisomes.

Abstract Carnitine acyltransferase activities, as well as acetyl-CoA, octanyl-CoA, and palmityl-CoA hydrolase activities, were assayed in mitochondrial, peroxisomal, and endoplasmic reticulum fractions after isopycnic density sucrose gradient fractionation of rat liver homogenates. Both the forward and reverse assays show that carnitine acetyltransferase and carnitine octanyltransferase are associated with peroxisomes, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum, while carnitine palmityltransferase was detected in mitochondria. Palmityl-CoA and octanyl-CoA hydrolase activities were found in all but the leading edge of the peroxisome peak of the gradient. The palmityl-CoA hydrolase in peroxisomal fractions was due to lysosomal contamination since the activity coincided with the lysosomal marker, acid phosphatase. The substrate specificity for carnitine octanyltransferase activity was maximum with medium-chain-length derivatives (about 20 nmol/ min/mg protein) and decreased as the acyl length increased until very low activity (
New Uses for Older Drugs: The Tales of Aspirin, Thalidomide, and Gabapentin

In this issue of Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2 articles describe original research in which gabapentin therapy produced novel, beneficial effects in patients with chronic neurologic conditions. Bogan et al1 report that gabapentin enacarbil, a gabapentin prodrug, may be useful for maintenance treatment of restless legs syndrome. Pistoia et al2 document a case series that suggests efficacy of gabapentin for treating opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome in paralyzed patients with locked-in syndrome. The benefit from gabapentin treatment included opening a window of communication with the otherwise noncommunicative patients. These descriptions of novel uses for established drugs represent a growing trend in medicine: (1) gabapentin (developed as an antiseizure medication) currently being used to treat chronic pain conditions and the aforementioned conditions; (2) thalidomide (developed as a sedative and once removed from the market because of its propensity to produce birth defects) and its congeners currently being used to treat neoplastic diseases; and (3) aspirin, introduced as an analgesic, currently being used to treat a host of ills. As a corollary, when the modern pharmacopoeia is viewed in aggregate, the number of off-label uses of medicines is growing at an impressive rate. The prototype drug for such expansion of uses is aspirin; however, newly introduced drugs are accomplishing in years and decades what aspirin took millennia to achieve.
Myoglobin: an essential hemoprotein in striated muscle

Myoglobin is a cytoplasmic hemoprotein, expressed solely in cardiac myocytes and oxidative skeletal muscle fibers, that reversibly binds O2 by its heme residue, a porphyrin ring:iron ion complex. Since the initial discovery of its structure over 40 years ago, wide-ranging work by many investigators has added importantly to our understanding of its function and regulation. Functionally, myoglobin is well accepted as an O2-storage protein in muscle, capable of releasing O2 during periods of hypoxia or anoxia. Myoglobin is also thought to buffer intracellular O2 concentration when muscle activity increases and to facilitate intracellular O2 diffusion by providing a parallel path that augments simple diffusion of dissolved O2. The use of gene targeting and other molecular biological techniques has revealed important new insights into the developmental and environmental regulation of myoglobin and provided additional functions for this hemoprotein such as scavenging nitric oxide and reactive O2 species. These recent findings, coupled with additional emerging technologies and the discovery of other tissue globins, provide a framework for addressing new questions about myoglobin and readdressing old ones.
Nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of isocyanates, isothiocyanates and N-sulfinylamines†

The ^(15)N NMR spectra of ten isocyanates, four isothiocyanates, and four N-sulfinylamines have been obtained at the natural-abundance level by high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. The results show that isocyanates and isothiocyanates have ^(15)N chemical shifts over 200 ppm toward higher fields compared to those of N-sulfinylamines. The sensitivity of the ^(15)N shifts in these substances to substituent and electronic effects are discussed.
Remarks on stochastic model reduction

In this note, we give a solution to the stochastic system model reduction problem in terms of the approximation of the output stochaslic process power spectrum by applying balanced realization or optimal Hankel norm approximation to the asymptotically stable and minimum phase spectral factor. We also give explicit bounds for the approximation error. The effectiveness of this method is compared to the one by Jonckheere and Helton.
Strategy use, the development of automaticity, and working memory involvement in complex multiplication.

Participants practiced a set of complex multiplication problems (e.g., 3 × 18) in a pre-/postpractice design. Before, during, and after practice, the participants gave self-reports of problem-solving strategies. At prepractice, the most common strategy was a mental version of the standard multidigit algorithm, and dual tasks revealed that working memory load was high and heavier for problems solved via nonretrieval strategies. After practice, retrieval was used almost exclusively, and participant variability, automaticity level of problems (proportion of trials on which retrieval was used over the entire experiment), and error rates were significant predictors of problem-solving latencies. Practice reduced working memory involvement to minimal levels, and there was no relationship between automaticity level and working memory load. The commonalities between the present findings and findings related to automaticity development in simple arithmetic are discussed.
A Binding Site for Thrombin in the Apple 1 Domain of Factor XI

Previously we defined a binding site for high molecular weight kininogen (HK) in the A1 domain of factor XI (FXI). Since thrombin can activate FXI and HK inhibits the activation of FXI by thrombin, we have identified a thrombin binding site in FXI. Both the recombinant A1 domain (Glu1-Ser90) and a synthetic peptide (Phe56-Ser86) containing the HK binding site inhibited FXI activation by thrombin. Both a monoclonal antibody, 5F7, recognizing the A1 domain, and the rA1 domain were shown to be competitive inhibitors of thrombin-catalyzed FXI activation. The peptides Ala45-Arg54 and Val59-Arg70 acted synergistically to inhibit FXI activation by thrombin. Mutant rA1 domain constructs (Val64 --> Ala and Ile77 --> Ala), which do not inhibit FXI binding to HK, retain full capacity to inhibit FXI activation by thrombin. The peptide Ala45-Arg54 inhibited thrombin-catalyzed FXI activation, whereas it had no effect on FXI binding to HK. In contrast, the peptide Asn72-Leu83 (which inhibited FXI binding to HK) did not inhibit FXI activation by thrombin. Thus, a thrombin binding site exists in the A1 domain of FXI spanning residues Ala45-Arg70 that is contiguous with but separate and distinct from the HK binding site. These sites may regulate which ligand is bound to FXI and through which pathway FXI is activated.
Enabling Side Channel Secure FSMs in the Presence of Low Power Requirements

As silicon-based technology feature sizes continue to decrease and designs remain susceptible to novel attacks designers face competing goals when creating secure, low power, integrated circuits (ICs). Often, low power designs rely on heavy minimization and optimization procedures while many secure designs use low-level duplication mechanisms to thwart attacks. An area that requires special attention, and is crucial in both realms, is the power consumption profile of Finite State Machines (FSM). This work specifically addresses the key concern of creating secure, low-power, FSM encodings. This work details a flexible, secure, encoding strategy which, in conjunction with security-based structural modifications, can provide low-power security solutions against side channel attacks. The secure encoding strategy includes methods that modify the original constraints in order to provide varying levels of protection that approach traditional low power encoding methods. Specifically, this work uses the MCNC benchmark suite to compare the state space and encoding requirement for secure (70% increase) and relaxed encoding methods (53-67% increase) aimed at increasing overall device security while reducing state-state transition cost (Npeak = 2).
Reference priors for high energy physics

Bayesian inferences in high energy physics often use uniform prior distributions for parameters about which little or no information is available before data are collected. The resulting posterior distributions are therefore sensitive to the choice of parametrization for the problem and may even be improper if this choice is not carefully considered. Here we describe an extensively tested methodology, known as reference analysis, which allows one to construct parametrization-invariant priors that embody the notion of minimal informativeness in a mathematically well-defined sense. We apply this methodology to general cross section measurements and show that it yields sensible results. A recent measurement of the single-top quark cross section illustrates the relevant techniques in a realistic situation.
Potassium channel openers prevent β-amyloid toxicity in bovine vascular endothelial cells

Abstract There is increasing evidence that the cerebrovasculture may be involved in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Here, we report that potassium channel openers (KCOs) inhibit dose and time dependent necrosis induced by β-amyloid (Aβ) in cultured vascular endothelial cells. Cell proliferation rate was assayed by a colorimetric method. Aβ cytotoxicity and inhibition by the K ATP channel opener diazoxide and the K Ca channel opener NS1619 was correlated with changes in nitric oxide (NO) production. The protective effects were partly blocked by potassium channel blockers. Toxicity of Aβ and KCO protection was verified by histological examination of endothelial cells with scanning electron microscopy. eNOS levels in endothelial cells were not changed by any of the treatments. The results suggest that disruption of K + channels function may be a critical step in Aβ-induced cytotoxicity in endothelial cells by alteration of NO release.
Quantitative in Vivo Monitoring of Primary Amines in Rat Caudate Nucleus Using Microdialysis Coupled by a Flow-Gated Interface to Capillary Electrophoresis with Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection

A method for monitoring primary amines in vivo using microdialysis coupled on-line with capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with laser-induced fluorescence detection was explored. Dialysates were derivatized on-line with o-phthaldialdehyde/β-mercaptoethanol and automatically transferred to a separation capillary by a flow-gated interface. Analytes were detected on-column using the 2 mW, 354 nm line of a He−Cd laser for excitation. Dialysis probes were perfused at 79 nL/min, resulting in relative recoveries of nearly 100%, which allowed quantitative monitoring. On-line detection limits were in the 20−50 nM range, and the response was linear up to 50 μM. Temporal resolution was between 45 s and 3 min and was limited by separation time or broadening of sample zones during transfer to the separation capillary, depending on the operational parameters. The system was applied to measurement of primary amines in the caudate nucleus of anesthetized rats. Using CZE...
Phosphorescence of normal and deuterated anthracene crystals in the range 300 K to 4.2 K

Abstract The phosphorescence spectrum of crystalline anthracene has been measured over the range 300 K to 4.2 K. Above 60 K the 0-0's of emission and absorption coincide showing the spectrum is due to free excitons. The width, polarization and Davydov splitting of the 0-0 agree with the values obtained from absorption. Below 60 K red-shifted spectra appear which are due to traps. The depth of these have been determined and several have been identified as “X” traps.
Membrane Properties of Neuron-Like Cells Generated from Adult Human Bone-Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MeSCs) isolated from human bone marrow are capable of generating neural stem cell (NSC)-like cells that can be subsequently differentiated into cells expressing molecular markers for neurons. Here we report that these neuron-like cells had functional properties similar to those of brain-derived neurons. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and calcium imaging experiments were performed on neuron-like cells differentiated from bone-marrow-derived NSC-like cells. The neuron-like cells were subjected to current pulses to determine if they were capable of generating depolarization-induced action potentials. We found that nearly all of the cells with neuron-like morphology exhibited active membrane properties in response to the depolarizing pulses. The most common response was a single spike-like event with an overshoot and brief afterhyperpolarization. Cells that did not generate overshooting spike-like events usually displayed rectifying current-voltage relationships. The prevalence of these active membrane properties in response to the depolarizing current pulses suggested that the human MeSCs (hMeSCs) were capable of converting to a neural lineage under defined culture conditions. The spike-like events were blocked by the voltage-gated sodium channel inhibitor lidocaine, but unaffected by another sodium channel inhibitor tetrodotoxin (TTX). In calcium imaging experiments, the neuron-like cells responded to potassium chloride depolarization and l-glutamate application with increases in the cytoplasmic calcium levels. Thus, the neuron-like cells appeared to express TTX-resistant voltage-gated sodium channels, voltage-gated calcium channels, and functional l-glutamate receptors. These results demonstrate that hMeSCs were capable of generating cells with characteristics typical of functional neurons that may prove useful for neuroreplacement therapies.
Ambient noise tomography with a large seismic array

Abstract The emergence of large-scale arrays of seismometers across several continents presents the opportunity to image the Earth's structure at unprecedented resolution, but methods must be developed to exploit the capabilities of these deployments. The capabilities and limitations of a method called “eikonal tomography” applied to ambient noise data are discussed here. In this method, surface wave wavefronts are tracked across an array and the gradient of the travel time field produces estimates of phase slowness and propagation direction. Application data from more than 1000 stations from EarthScope USArray in the central and western US and new Rayleigh wave isotropic and anisotropic phase velocity maps are presented together with an isotropic and azimuthally anisotropic 3D Vs model of the crust and uppermost mantle. As a ray theoretic method, eikonal tomography models bent rays but not other wavefield complexities. We present evidence, based on the systematics of an observed 1ψ component of anisotropy that we interpret as anisotropic bias caused by backscattering near an observing station, that finite frequency phenomena can be ignored in ambient noise tomography at periods shorter than ∼ 40 to 50 s. At longer periods a higher order term based on wavefront amplitudes or finite frequency sensitivity kernels must be introduced if the amplitude of isotropic anomalies and the amplitude and fast-axis direction of azimuthal anisotropy are to be determined accurately.
Different effects of subchronic clozapine and haloperidol on dye-coupling between neurons in the rat striatal complex.

Atypical antipsychotic drugs, such as clozapine, are distinguished from classical antipsychotics (e.g. haloperidol) by their lower liability for producing motor side-effects. Although initial studies suggested that the clinical efficacy of antipsychotic drugs is related to their affinity for the D2 dopamine receptor, the delayed onset of both the therapeutic effects and the extrapyramidal symptoms associated with these drugs implicates a more complex mechanism of action. In this study, we found that continuous (but not acute) treatment of rats with either drug caused an increase in dye coupling between neurons in the limbic component of the rat striatal complex (i.e. the shell region of the nucleus accumbens) after withdrawal of the drugs. Furthermore, continuous treatment with haloperidol, but not clozapine, also increased dye coupling in the motor-related part of the striatal complex (i.e. the dorsal striatum). Thus, both therapeutically effective drugs show a delayed effect on dye coupling between neurons in the accumbens shell, whereas only the drug associated with motor side effects altered coupling between cells in the dorsal striatum. Antipsychotic drugs may therefore alleviate the profound disturbances in cognitive function of schizophrenics by producing sustained alterations in the way signals from the cortex are integrated within these brain regions.
Weight functions for external circular cracks

Abstract In this paper the three-dimensional (3D) weight functions are derived for external circular cracks. The solution method used is similar to that developed by Bueckner (Int. J. Solids Structures23, 57–93 (1987)) for internal circular cracks lying in infinite elastic solids. A Papkovitch-Neuber potential is used to represent the tensile mode weight function field. This potential, derived from some known solutions to a mixed boundary value potential problem by Galin (Contact Problems in the Theory of Elasticity. School of Physical Sciences and Applied Mathematics, North Carolina State College (1953)), also uniquely determines the shear mode weight function fields. The results for internal circular cracks by Bueckner are presented for comparison and for completeness. For external circular cracks, different forms of the weight functions exist corresponding to different displacement boundary conditions at infinity. The Neuber fields, denoting the elastic fields of an external circular crack due to remote forces and/or moments, are used to determine the weight functions under various boundary conditions. The crack face weight functions, defined as the intensity factors induced by a pair of equal, oppositely sensed unit point forces acting on the upper and lower crack faces, are presented in closed formulae. In the Appendices the present results are checked against some existing solutions, e.g. intensity factor solutions due to the point forces acting along the central axis normal to the crack plane.
Persistent pulmonary vascular obstruction in newborn infants

Severe pulmonary vascular obstruction in the absence of obvious pulmonary parenchymal pathology was found in 5 full-term neonates and was characterized clinically by cyanosis and tachypnea. Cardiac catheterization and cineangiography at age 32 to 55 hours revealed pulmonary hypertension with right-to-left shunt through the ductus arteriosus in each instance. One infant died and autopsy revealed only a patent ductus arteriosus and marked medial hypertrophy of the muscular pulmonary arteries. Clinical resolution of pulmonary vascular obstruction occurred within 4 weeks in the survivors; this was confirmed in one infant by recatheterization. The possible causes of the persistence of pulmonary vascular obstruction are discussed.
Stochastic Ising Models and Anisotropic Front Propagation

We study Ising models with general spin-flip dynamics obeying the detailed balance law. After passing to suitable macroscopic limits, we obtain interfaces moving with normal velocity depending anisotropically on their principal curvatures and direction. In addition we deduce (direction-dependent) Kubo-Green-type formulas for the mobility and the Hessian of the surface tension, thus obtaining an explicit description of anisotropy in terms of microscopic quantities. The choice of dynamics affects only the mobility, a scalar function of the direction.
A new technique for resecting 'unresectable' liver tumors.

Abstract Background/Purpose: Liver tumors that surround the three major hepatic veins traditionally have been considered unresectable. This report describes an extended atypical left hepatectomy technique for tumors around the major hepatic veins. Methods: Three children with tumors surrounding the 3 hepatic veins underwent intraoperative evaluation for extended atypical left hepatectomy. The left hepatic artery, left branch of the portal vein, and the 3 hepatic veins are occluded with vascular clamps. Perfusion of the remaining liver is through the right hepatic artery and portal vein into the retrohepatic vena cava via the retro hepatic veins. If the liver remains soft and does not become mottled, division of the 3 hepatic veins and resection of the tumor are carried out. Results: Extended atypical left hepatectomy was successful in 2 children. Bile leak occurred in 1 instance and healed spontaneously. Both patients had transiently elevated serum bilirubin and transaminase levels and an elevated prothrombin time for 2 weeks. Both survived after treatment with chemotherapy. In the third child the liver became tense and mottled, and the procedure was abandoned. Conclusions: Successful extended atypical left hepatectomy depends on the ability of the retro hepatic veins to adequately drain blood into the vena cava after interruption (clamping) of the main hepatic veins. If the liver becomes mottled and tense the procedure must be abandoned and the patient should be considered for hepatic transplantation. J Pediatr Surg 35:1294-1299. Copyright © 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company.
Selective preemption strategies for parallel job scheduling

Although theoretical results have been established regarding the utility of preemptive scheduling in reducing average job turnaround time, job suspension/restart is not much used in practice at supercomputer centres for parallel job scheduling. A number of questions remain unanswered regarding the practical utility of preemptive scheduling. We explore this issue through a simulation based study, using real job logs from supercomputer centres. We develop a tuneable selective suspension strategy and demonstrate its effectiveness. We also present new insights into the effect of preemptive scheduling on different job classes and deal with the impact of suspensions on worst case response time. Further, we analyse the performance of the proposed schemes under different load conditions.
Pre and post analytical errors in lipid determination

A number of pre analytical variables affect lipid determinations. These include posture during blood sampling, the duration of tourniquet application and fasting, the time of day when blood is collected, the concentration and type of anticoagulant used for blood collection to name just a few. Effect of life style such as diet, alcohol and caffeine consumption, smoking, and exercise influence lipid determinations. Disease states such as infection, diabetes, nephrotic syndrome and heart disease culminating in myocardial infarction and conditions such as obesity and pregnancy influence lipid profiles. A variety of drugs ranging from diuretics to oral contraceptives to immunosuppressive drugs induce alterations in the patient's lipid profile. Post analytical variables impacting on the interpretation of laboratory data such as in the determination of the true mean of a lipid constituent would depend on the number of specimens analyzed, the analytical variability of the method and approaches to handling data such as the use of relative range to estimate the effect of biological variability on the computed mean value.
Heat transfer in an axisymmetric stagnation flow on a cylinder

An analysis is presented for the steady state heat transfer in an axisymmetric stagnation flow on an infinite circular cylinder. Boundary layer solutions are given for constant wall temperature and constant wall heat flux boundary conditions. Numerical results for the temperature distribution and solutions for the wall values of the temperature function have been tabulated. The range of Prandtl numbers considered was from 0.01 to 1000 while the Reynolds number was varied from 0.01 to 100.
InCaToMi: integrative causal topic miner between textual and non-textual time series data

Topic modeling is popular for text mining tasks. Recently, topic modeling has been combined with time lines when textual data is related to external non-textual time series data such as stock prices. However, no previous work has used the external non-textual time series data in the process of topic modeling. In this paper, we describe a novel text mining system, Integrative Causal Topic Miner (InCaToMi) that integrates textual and non-textual time series data. InCaToMi automatically finds causal relationships and topics using text data and external non-textual time series data using Granger Testing. Moreover, InCaToMi considers the non-textual time series data in the topic modeling process, using the time series data to iteratively improve modeling results through interactions between it and the textual data at both topic and word levels.