cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Refresentasi Maskulinitas Dalam Iklan Rokok Dan Susu L-Men

Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis tentang gambaran ‘ideal’ maskulinitas versi media massa yang semakin ditonjolkan sehingga menjadi obyek yang bernilai jual, serta relasi apa saja yang diproduksi sepanjang pemujaan atau pengkultusan atas tubuh laki-laki menjadi bagian dari konstruksi identitas, ras dan kelas di media massa ketika masukulinitas pun menempati posisi yang sama dengan feminitas ikut terkomodifikasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metodologi semiotika komunikasi. Objek penelitian adalah iklan rokok Marlboro, Djarum Super, Dji Sam Soe, dan Gudang Garam, serta iklan susu L-Mendalam Website di media massa. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode semiotika Roland Barthes. Komodifikasi maskulinitas sebagai sebuah pertarungan gender dalam masyarakat post-industrial. Ketika kemelut kuasa atas relasi sosial yang termediasikan oleh imaji dan citra justru tergantikan kapasitas individu mengkonsumsi sebuah produk kecantikan baik bagi perempuan dan laki-laki dalam wacana besar tentang gaya hidup kontemporer. Pertarungan tersebut mungkin tidak akan menghasilkan pemenang sejati, namun pemenang yang kontemporer yang lekang oleh pola dan gaya hidup yang semakin terserabut dari akar kritis dalam masyarakat konsumsi. Representasi maskulinitas laki-laki dalam iklan rokok dan L Men sesungguhnya ada pada perguliran wacana mengenai konsep maskulinitas sendiri. Perguliran ini berlangsung dalam kehidupan budaya, akan tetapi masih diwarnai kentalnya materialisme dalam sistem kapitalisme yang ada sekarang. Wacana maskulinitas laki-laki dalam iklan akan tetap menjadi pertarungan gender. Wacana ini selalu bertanding dengan wacana feminitas dalam iklan, sebagaimana layaknya pertarungan gender dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
Atlas-Based Tongue Muscle Correlation Analysis From Tagged and High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Purpose Intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles in healthy and diseased populations vary both in their intra- and intersubject behaviors during speech. Identifying coordination patterns among variou...
Safely surrendered infants in Los Angeles County: A medically vulnerable population

Background As a means to provide safety for a population at great risk of harm through abandonment, every state in the United States now has laws and practices for the safe relinquishment of newborns and infants. However, there is no national database tracking the population of infants surrendered through such programmes, and few states monitor these numbers. The primary aim of this study was therefore to examine the descriptive characteristics of infants who have been safely surrendered in a large, socio-economically diverse urban area. The secondary aim was to compare them with local population norms to determine whether differences exist and to begin exploring what implications such differences may have for the treatment provided to these infants. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among safely surrendered infants. Results Over half of the infants had medical issues, and the majority of the infants were surrendered in communities characterized by low median income. Conclusions Preliminary information highlights potential economic, social, and medical risk factors, suggesting that these infants may require increased monitoring and/or specialized care.
Projected cooling algorithm for quantum computation

Abstract In the current era of noisy quantum devices, there is a need for quantum algorithms that are efficient and robust against noise. Towards this end, we introduce the projected cooling algorithm for quantum computation. The projected cooling algorithm is able to construct the localized ground state of any Hamiltonian with a translationally-invariant kinetic energy and interactions that vanish at large distances. The term “localized” refers to localization in position space. The method can be viewed as the quantum analog of evaporative cooling. We start with an initial state with support over a compact region of a large volume. We then drive the excited quantum states to disperse and measure the remaining portion of the wave function left behind. For the nontrivial examples we consider here, the improvement over other methods is substantial. The only additional resource required is performing the operations in a volume significantly larger than the size of the localized state. These characteristics make the projected cooling algorithm a promising tool for calculations of self-bound systems such as atomic nuclei.
What Do People Complain About Drone Apps? A Large-Scale Empirical Study of Google Play Store Reviews

Abstract Within the past few years, there has been a tremendous increase in the number of UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) or drones manufacture and purchase. It is expected to proliferate further, penetrating into every stream of life, thus making its usage inevitable. The UAV’s major components are its physical hardware and programming software, which controls its navigation or performs various tasks based on the field of concern. The drone manufacturers launch the controlling app for the drones in mobile app stores. Few drone manufacturers also release development kits to aid drone enthusiasts in developing customized or more creative apps. Thus, the app stores are also expected to be flooded with drone-related apps in the near future. With various active researches and studies being carried out in UAV’s hardware field, no effort is dedicated to studying/researching the software side of UAV. Towards this end, a large-scale empirical study of UAV or drone-related apps of Google Play Store Platform is conducted. The study consisted of 1,825 UAV mobile apps, across twenty-five categories, with 162,250 reviews. Some of the notable findings of the study are (a) There are 27 major types the drone app users complain about. (b) The top four complains observed are Functional Error (27.9%), Device Compatibility (16.8%), Cost (16.2%) and Connection/Sync (15.6%). (c) The top four issues for which the UAV manufacturers or Drone app developers provide feedback to user complaints are Functional Error (40.9%), Cost (33.3%), Cost (16.2%), and Device Compatibility (23.1%). (d) Developers respond to the most frequently occurring complaints rather than the most negatively impacting ones.
A Tale of Many Sources: The Perceived Benefits of Significant Other, Similar Other, and Significant and Similar Other Social Support:

Scholarship indicates that there are many benefits of social support, yet theoretical questions remain as to whether the perceived efficacy of support depends upon its source. Drawing on in-depth i...
Observation of plasmonic exceptional points and attomolar immuno-assay nanosensing (Conference Presentation)

We have demonstrated the first plasmonic exceptional points (EPs) at subwavelength scale. The plasmonic EPs are based on the hybridization of detuned resonances in multilayered plasmonic crystals to reach a critical complex coupling rate between nanoantennas arrays, and, exhibit the dispersion of exceptional points around the non-Hermitian singularity and enhanced nanosensing was observed. The ability to drive plasmons to EPs lays the foundation to explore topological physics at small scales and to novel sensors and optoelectronic devices based on topological polaritonic effects
Chapter 12 – Geothermal Energy

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses where the earth's thermal energy is sufficiently concentrated for economic use, the various types of geothermal systems, the production and utilization of the resource, and the environmental benefits and costs of geothermal production. Earth scientists quantify the energy and temperature in the earth in terms of heat flow and temperature gradient. The heat of the earth is derived from two components: the heat generated by the formation of the earth, and heat generated by radioactive decay of elements in the upper parts of the earth. The word “geothermal” comes from the combination of the Greek words geo, meaning earth, and therm, meaning heat. Geothermal resources are concentrations of the earth's heat, or geothermal energy, that can be extracted and used economically now or in the reasonable future. The earth contains an immense amount of heat but the heat generally is too diffuse or deep for economic use. Hence, the search for geothermal resources focuses on those areas of the earth's crust where geological processes have raised temperatures near enough to the surface that the heat contained can be utilized. Currently, only concentrations of heat associated with water in permeable rocks can be exploited economically. These systems are known as hydrothermal geothermal systems. All commercial geothermal production is currently restricted to geothermal systems that are sufficiently hot for the use and that contain a reservoir with sufficient available water and productivity for economic development. Geothermal energy is one of the cleaner forms of energy now available in commercial quantities. Use of geothermal energy avoids the problems of acid rain and greatly reduces greenhouse gas emissions and other forms of air pollution.
Feeding Problems and Maternal Anxiety in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

For mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), mealtimes can be stressful. Up to 90% of children with ASD present with problems related to food selectivity and disruptive mealtime behavior. Researchers have associated parent behaviors with maintained maladaptive feeding behaviors in children. Studies have also shown a positive association between children's feeding problems and maternal concern for their children's health, suggesting maternal anxiety and negative feelings may contribute to feeding issues. However, most research and subsequent interventions focus primarily on children. Cross-sectional data was gathered from sixty-four mothers of children aged 2–8 with ASD visiting a developmental/behavioral pediatric clinic in the Southeastern U.S. who completed the Behavioral Pediatric Feeding Assessment Scale (BPFAS), assessing child feeding behavior and parent strategies for feeding problems, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), measuring anxiety currently (state) and as an enduring characteristic (trait). Over 50% of mothers reported clinical difficulties with child feeding. Significant associations were found between child feeding behaviors and parent feelings/strategies related to child feeding. Maladaptive maternal feelings and strategies were also significantly related to both total anxiety (r = .299, p = .027) and trait anxiety (r = .368, p = .006). Although maternal anxiety explained significant variance in child feeding behavior, parent mealtime feeling/strategies were the strongest predictors of child feeding problems. Maternal anxiety and maladaptive feeding strategies correlate with problematic child feeding behaviors, suggesting that maternal feelings and strategies may contribute to the development and maintenance of feeding behaviors in children with ASD. Treatments that address feeding problems in children with ASD may also need to address maternal behaviors.
Choice of Test Statistic

The choice of one test statistic rather than another affects the design sensitivity, as it affects the power and efficiency of a randomization test. This is demonstrated by computing the design sensitivity for several competing test statistics in the same sampling situation. Familiar test statistics, such as Wilcoxon’s signed rank statistic and the mean of the matched pair differences, are often inferior to test statistics constructed to have larger design sensitivities. There is no one uniformly best test statistic in terms of design sensitivity, raising the possibility of adaptive inference, in which the data guide the choice of test statistic. Bahadur efficiency provides a comparison of the performance of two test statistics when used in a sensitivity analysis at a value of Γ below the minimum of their two design sensitivities.
Tau reduction in aged mice does not impact Microangiopathy.

Microangiopathy, including proliferation of small diameter capillaries, increasing vessel tortuosity, and increased capillary blockage by leukocytes, was previously observed in the aged rTg4510 mouse model. Similar gene expression changes related to angiogenesis were observed in both rTg4510 and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It is uncertain if tau is directly responsible for these vascular changes by interacting directly with microvessels, and/or if it contributes indirectly via neurodegeneration and concurrent neuronal loss and inflammation. To better understand the nature of tau-related microangiopathy in human AD and in tau mice, we isolated capillaries and observed that bioactive soluble tau protein could be readily detected in association with vasculature. To examine whether this soluble tau is directly responsible for the microangiopathic changes, we made use of the tetracycline-repressible gene expression cassette in the rTg4510 mouse model and measured vascular pathology following tau reduction. These data suggest that reduction of tau is insufficient to alter established microvascular complications including morphological alterations, enhanced expression of inflammatory genes involved in leukocyte adherence, and blood brain barrier compromise. These data imply that 1) soluble bioactive tau surprisingly accumulates at the blood brain barrier in human brain and in mouse models, and 2) the morphological and molecular phenotype of microvascular disturbance does not resolve with reduction of whole brain soluble tau. Additional consideration of vascular-directed therapies and strategies that target tau in the vascular space may be required to restore normal function in neurodegenerative disease.
Absorption of magnesium and other macrominerals in sheep infused with potassium in different parts of the digestive tract.

Two metabolism trials were conducted with 12 crossbred wether lambs, each surgically equipped with a ruminal catheter and abomasal and ileal cannulae, to study the effect of K infusion in different sites of the digestive tract on site of absorption and flow of minerals. The treatments consisted of the infusion of 33.6, 12.0 or 12.0 g K/d as bicarbonate into either the rumen, abomasum or ileum, respectively. Each trial consisted of a minimum 5-d preliminary period, five 3-d collection periods to determine mineral balance and a 6-d sampling period to determine mineral flow and site of absorption. Chromic oxide was incorporated into the diet for use as a marker. Magnesium was absorbed primarily from the preintestinal region. Ruminal infusion of K tended to decrease preintestinal Mg absorption. Absorption of Mg in the entire tract was decreased (P less than .05) 43% when K was infused into the rumen. There was a slight absorption of Mg in the small intestine, followed by a net secretion into the large intestine. Serum Mg levels tended to be depressed in lambs infused with K intraruminally. Calcium flow from the preintestinal region was decreased (P less than .05) by infusion of K into the rumen. Only lambs infused with K in the rumen had a net secretion of Na into the small intestine. The large intestine was the primary site of net Na absorption for ruminal-infused lambs. Phosphorus flow from the preintestinal region was decreased (P less than .05) by infusion of K into the rumen. Potassium flow from both the preintestine and small intestine was increased (P less than .05) by ruminal K infusion. The infusion of K into the rumen, abomasum or ileum increased (P less than .05) the total absorption of K, with the small intestine being the major absorptive site. The infusion of potassium bicarbonate into the rumen of sheep raised (P less than .05) the pH of the ruminal contents 15%. Ruminal infusion of K depresses Mg absorption, while the infusion of K into the abomasum or ileum does not affect Mg absorption. Therefore, the role of K in grass tetany may be via this depression of Mg absorption.
Numerical Simulation of Seismic Behavior of Menta Dam, Italy

Results of static and dynamic analysis of Menta Dam, Italy, for two pre-selected seismic excitations are presented. Static analysis results include effects of: (a) mechanical and fluid flow through the weathered metamorphic rock foundation, (b) staged construction of the dam, and (c) one-step filling of the reservoir. Dynamic analysis results include effects of: (i) natural vibration characteristics of the dam and foundation, (ii) deconvolutions of the seismic accelerations, and (iii) two seismic excitations. Computer programs used include: FLAC (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua) for the static and dynamic analyses; and SHAKE for the deconvolution analyses. Comments on the results presented are included.
The Innovative Power of the Electric Eel (Electrophorus electricus)

Electrogenic fishes have the unique ability to generate electrical discharges from specialized organs composed of electrocytes. These electrical discharges can be used for predatory behavior, inter-/intra- species communication, and electrolocation capabilities. Electrophorus electricus, more commonly referred to as the electric eel, is the only large, freshwater, electrogenic fish species belonging to the order Gymnotiformes that is both electroreceptive and capable of generating both weak and strong electrical discharges. Because of this, it has been a source of awe and inspiration for innovators across the globe who have utilized and reverse engineered the biological tools of this organism to develop technologies ranging from the use of the animal as a power source, to generation of electricity from mechanical energy, to the development of artificial, electrogenic cells. Thus, the electrobiology of the electric eel has served as a springboard for applications in industrial, recreational, and healthcare settings and may continue to influence future innovation.
Parent and Child Reports of Parenting Behaviors: Agreement Among a Longitudinal Study of Drug Court Participants

Identifying ways to support children of parents with substance use disorder is a critical public health issue. This study focused on the parent-child relationship as a critical catalyst in child resilience. Using data from a longitudinal cohort study, the aims of this study were to: (1 ) examine the agreement between parent and child reports of parenting behaviors and (2 ) describe the association between agreement and child mental health. Participants were 50 parent-child dyads that included parents enrolled in an adult drug court and their children, aged 8-18. Overall, agreement (i.e., concordance) between parent and child reports of parenting was slight to fair. Parents reported their parenting behaviors to be slightly more positive than how children rated the same behaviors in the areas of: involvement, 0.53 (SD = 0.80); positive parenting, 0.66 (SD = 0.87), and monitoring behaviors, 0.46 (SD = 0.90). Parents also rated themselves, in comparison to their children's reports, as using less inconsistent discipline, -0.33 (SD = 1.00), and less corporal punishment, 0.13 (SD = 1.01). Agreement was related to some, but not all, child mental health outcomes. When parents rating their parenting as more positive than their child reported, that had a negative effect on child self-esteem and personal adjustment. Contrary to hypotheses, we did not find a significant relationship between positive parenting and internalizing problems. Findings have implications for obtaining parent and child reports of parenting within the drug court system, and for identifying children at higher risk for externalizing problems.
Inflammatory Markers Profile in Older Adolescents During Treatment with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the serum levels of inflammatory markers in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Methods: This ...
Utilizing flip angle/TR equivalence to reduce breath hold duration in hyperpolarized 129 Xe 1-point Dixon gas exchange imaging.

PURPOSE To reduce scan duration in hyperpolarized 129 Xe 1-point Dixon gas exchange imaging by utilizing flip angle (FA)/TR equivalence. METHODS Images were acquired in 12 subjects (n = 3 radiation therapy, n = 1 unexplained dyspnea, n = 8 healthy) using both standard (TR = 15 ms, FA = 20°, duration = 15 s, 998 projections) and "fast" (TR = 5.4 ms, FA = 12°, duration = 11.3 s, 2100 projections) acquisition parameters. For the fast acquisition, 3 image sets were reconstructed using subsets of 1900, 1500, and 1000 projections. From the resulting ventilation, tissue ("barrier"), and red blood cell (RBC) images, image metrics and biomarkers were compared to assess agreement between methods. RESULTS Images acquired using both FA/TR settings had similar qualitative appearance. There were no significant differences in SNR, image mean, or image SD between images. Moreover, the percentage of the lungs in "defect", "normal", and "high" bins for each image (ventilation, RBC, barrier) was not significantly different among the acquisition types. After registration, comparison of 3D image metrics (Dice, volume similarity, average distance) agreed well between bins. Images using 1000 projections for reconstruction had no significant differences from images using all projections. CONCLUSION Using flip angle/TR equivalence, hyperpolarized 129 Xe gas exchange images can be acquired via the 1-point Dixon technique in as little as 6 s, compared to ~15 s for previously reported parameter settings. The resulting images from this accelerated scan have no significant differences from the standard method in qualitative appearance or quantitative metrics.
Development of the Mouse Placenta

Placenta forms as a momentary organ inside the uterus with a slew of activities only when the woman is pregnant. It is a discoid-shaped hybrid structure consisting of maternal and embryonic components. It develops in the mesometrial side of the uterus following blastocyst implantation to keep the two genetically different entities, the mother and embryo, separated but connected. The beginning and progression of placental formation and development following blastocyst implantation coincides with the chronological developmental stages of the embryo. It gradually acquires the ability to perform the vascular, respiratory, hepatic, renal, endocrine, gastrointestinal, immune, and physical barrier functions synchronously that are vital for fetal development, growth, and safety inside the maternal environment. The uterus ejects the placenta when its embryonic growth and survival supportive roles are finished; that is usually the birth of the baby. Despite its irreplaceable role in fetal development and survival over the post-implantation progression of pregnancy, it still remains unclear how it forms, matures, performs all of its activities, and starts to fail functioning. Thus, a detailed understanding about normal developmental, structural, and functional aspects of the placenta may lead to avoid pregnancy problems that arise with the placenta.
Zweipersonen-Nullsummenspiele in Matrixform

Wir rollen nun die Theorie der 2-PNSS noch einmal auf unter der hilfreichen Annahme, dass ein Matrixspiel vorliegt (also endlich viele reine Strategien fur jeden Spieler). Dabei nehmen wir Doubletten in Kauf, weil wir so auch die alten originalen Argumente aus der Spieltheorie kennenlernen.
Progressive wave expansions and open boundary problems

In this paper we construct progressive wave expansions and asymptotic boundary conditions for wave-like equations in exterior domains, including applications to electromagnetics, compressible flows and aero-acoustics. The development of the conditions will be discussed in two parts. The first part will include derivations of asymptotic conditions based on the well-known progressive wave expansions for the two-dimensional wave equations. A key feature in the derivations is that the resulting family of boundary conditions involve a single derivative in the direction normal to the open boundary. These conditions are easy to implement and an application in electromagnetics will be presented. The second part of the paper will discuss the theory for hyperbolic systems in two dimensions. Here, the focus will be to obtain the expansions in a general way and to use them to derive a class of boundary conditions that involve only time derivatives or time and tangential derivatives. Maxwell’s equations and the compressible Euler equations are used as examples. Simulations with the linearized Euler equations are presented to validate the theory.
Grounding language in events

Broadcast video and virtual environments are just two of the growing number of domains in which language is embedded in multiple modalities of rich non-linguistic information. Applications for such multimodal domains are often based on traditional natural language processing techniques that ignore the connection between words and the non-linguistic context in which they are used. This thesis describes a methodology for representing these connections in models which ground the meaning of words in representations of events. Incorporating these grounded language models with text-based techniques significantly improves the performance of three multimodal applications: natural language understanding in videogames, sports video search and automatic speech recognition. Two approaches to representing the structure of events are presented and used to model the meaning of words. In the domain of virtual game worlds, a hand-designed hierarchical behavior grammar is used to explicitly represent all the various actions that an agent can take in a virtual world. This grammar is used to interpret events by parsing sequences of observed actions in order to generate hierarchical event structures. In the noisier and more open-ended domain of broadcast sports video, hierarchical temporal patterns are automatically mined from large corpora of unlabeled video data. The structure of events in video is represented by vectors of these hierarchical patterns. Grounded language models are encoded using Hierarchical Bayesian models to represent the probability of words given elements of these event structures. These grounded language models are used to incorporate non-linguistic information into text-based approaches to multimodal applications. In the virtual game domain, this non-linguistic information improves natural language understanding for a virtual agent by nearly 10% and cuts in half the negative effects of noise caused by automatic speech recognition. For broadcast video of baseball and American football, video search systems that incorporate grounded language models are shown to perform up to 33% better than text-based systems. Further, systems for recognizing speech in baseball video that use grounded language models show 25% greater word accuracy than traditional systems. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Brain-computer interface administration of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-IV

A non-invasive brain-computer interface (BCI)-adapted version of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test - 4th Edition (PPVT-IV) was created with the overall goal of enabling test participation by people unable to make the speech or movement responses required for the unmodified test. The BCI-adapted PPVT-IV used custom algorithms to wait for the participant to decide on the response to each test item and to allow verification that the correct answer had been selected. The BCI-adapted PPVT-IV was evaluated with 13 participants who were also able to take the unmodified PPVT-IV. Standardized PPVT-IV scores for the unmodified and BCI-adapted PPVT-IV test versions had average differences of 2.3 ± 6.6 points. BCI administration of the PPVT-IV test thus shows agreement between test administration versions that is within the expected variation of repeated test administration.
The ethics of placebo controlled clinical trials in NMO - A balance of risks.

“The benefits, risks, burdens and effectiveness of a new method should be tested against those of the best current prophylactic, diagnostic, and therapeutic methods. This does not exclude the use of placebo, or no treatment, in studies where no proven prophylactic, diagnostic or therapeutic method exists”.
When nature pushes back: environmental impact and the spatial redistribution of socially vulnerable populations.

Objectives. This research investigates the spatial redistribution of socially vulnerable subpopulations during long-term recovery from natural disaster. We hypothesize that the local environmental impact of a disaster influences this redistribution process and that how it does so varies by the urban or rural context in which the disaster occurs.Methods. To test these hypotheses, we use a novel research design that combines the natural experiment offered by Hurricane Andrew with GIS technology and local census data.Results. Findings indicate that in a more urbanized disaster zone (Miami), long-term recovery displaces socially disadvantaged residents from harder-hit areas; yet, in a more rural disaster zone (southwestern Louisiana), long-term recovery concentrates socially disadvantaged residents within these harder-hit areas.Conclusion. These findings bridge classic and contemporary research on postdisaster recovery and open new terrain for thinking about how environmental and social forces intersect to transform regions in different settlement contexts. Language: en
The dynamics of LTR retrotransposon accumulation across 25 million years of panicoid grass evolution

Sample sequence analysis was employed to investigate the repetitive DNAs that were most responsible for the evolved variation in genome content across seven panicoid grasses with >5-fold variation in genome size and different histories of polyploidy. In all cases, the most abundant repeats were LTR retrotransposons, but the particular families that had become dominant were found to be different in the Pennisetum, Saccharum, Sorghum and Zea lineages. One element family, Huck, has been very active in all of the studied species over the last few million years. This suggests the transmittal of an active or quiescent autonomous set of Huck elements to this lineage at the founding of the panicoids. Similarly, independent recent activity of Ji and Opie elements in Zea and of Leviathan elements in Sorghum and Saccharum species suggests that members of these families with exceptional activation potential were present in the genome(s) of the founders of these lineages. In a detailed analysis of the Zea lineage, the combined action of several families of LTR retrotransposons were observed to have approximately doubled the genome size of Zea luxurians relative to Zea mays and Zea diploperennis in just the last few million years. One of the LTR retrotransposon amplification bursts in Zea may have been initiated by polyploidy, but the great majority of transposable element activations are not. Instead, the results suggest random activation of a few or many LTR retrotransposons families in particular lineages over evolutionary time, with some families especially prone to future activation and hyper-amplification.
Endoscopic Spectrum of Ischemic Colitis

Abstract Left-sided ischemic colitis is the most common form of ischemic injury to the gut. Although it is generally considered a condition of elderly persons, it can affect patients of any age. Ischemic colitis is the second or third most common cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. The most common medication inducing ischemic colitis is nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. The endoscopic spectrum of ischemic colitis is broad, ranging from mild patchy subepithelial hemorrhage to extensive necrosis. Nevertheless, the ‘pathognomonic' endoscopic appearance of ischemic colitis is a ‘segmental' involvement of the left colon in the so-called ‘watershed area.' This article is part of an expert video encyclopedia.
Structure-Thermolysis Relationships for Energetic Materials

Rapid thermal decomposition studies (dT/dt ≥ 70°C/sec) under static pressures of 1–1000 psi provide new insight into the behavior of energetic materials in the condensed phase. The connection between the parent molecular structure of nitramines and the tendency to liberate NO2, HONO, NO, N2O, CH2O, HCN, and hydrocarbons is discussed. Many important differences are found between the results of gas phase decomposition studies and those herein for the condensed phase which points out the hazards of transferring gas phase notions to the condensed phase. In addition to nitramines, selected correlations for C-NO2, O-NO2, N-NO, azide, furazan, and furoxan containing compounds, energetic metal complexes, and nitrate salts are presented. The effect of applied pressure and the thermolysis of mixtures are addressed. Various solid phase phenomena are described in the context of energetic materials. Some application of these physicochemical phenomena to explosives and propellant ignition and combustion are discussed.
The use of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or nitrilo-triacetic acid as masking agents in the determination of palladium with dimethylglyoxime or quinaldic acid

Abstract The use of complexing agents to mask interference in the gravimetric determination of palladium has been studied. Ethylenediaminetetraacctic acid was used to complex interfering ions in the determination of palladium with dimethylglyoxime, and nitrilotriacetic acid has been employed as a masking agent in the determination of palladium with quinaldic acid. From 15 to 150 mg of palladium were determined. All the metals tested do not interfere with the exception of gold which s reduced by the complexing agents and has to be removed prior to the determination. The procedures are rapid, simple and accurate.
Feulgen staining of cell suspensions.

A method is described which yields permanent Feulgen preparations of meiotic material from Lilium anthers, eliminating difficulties heretofore encountered. Cells are handled as a suspension through the staining and fixing procedure, and centrifugation and decantation of the supernatant permits changing reagents. Several technics are given which minimize the optical problems created by the heavily sculptured walls of pollen grains, and some applications are suggested.
Meperidine-promethazine combination and learning function of mice and of their progeny.

Twenty mice aged three to four months and trained to find food in a six compartment maze after a 24 hour fast, were divided into two equal groups. For just over one month the group which had received intraperitoneal meperidine 3 μ-g-g-1 and promethazine 1.66 μg-g-1 performed significantly slower than the group which had received intraperitoneal physiological saline. Because of this marked effect, it was decided to investigate the action of the drug combination on brain development and to assess whether it produced permanent retardation in learning function. The dams of a second group of 12 mice were, therefore, given either the same dose of drug combination or saline. At the age of seven weeks, the six pups born to dams which had received intramuscular saline and the six born to dams which were given intramuscular promethazine with meperidine performed equally well in a series of tests conducted in a T maze and in the six compartment maze after a 24 hour fast. In the T maze they had to distinguish between the presence of food provided in diminishing amounts or no food. In the six compartment maze they were tested with multiple maze pattern sequences. Meperidine and promethazine given during early labor does not permanently affect the learning function of the progeny of mice.
ELECTROMETRIC DETERMINATIONS OF THE DISSOCIATION OF GLYCOCOLL AND SIMPLE PEPTIDES1

1. The apparent acid and basic dissociation constants were determined potentiometrically by the methods of hydrolysis and of titration for the following ampholytes: Glycocoll, glycylglycocoll, alanylglycocoll, valylglycocoll, leucylglycocoll, methylleucylglycocoll, phenylalanylglycocoll and glycylglycylglycocoll. The constants were also determined in the presence of KCl and of K2SO4 at equal ionic strength. 2. In general, the relative order of magnitude of the constants decreased as the number of carbon atoms between amino and carboxyl groups increased. An explanation of this is offered on the basis of theories of electronic structure. 3. The application of the modern concepts of solutions to the case of the ampholytic ions is discussed. The inadequacy of the present theories is pointed out. 4. The constants were found, in general, to be functions of the hydrogen ion activity and the ionic strength of the solutions. Apparent contradictions to the Debye-Huckel theory are pointed out and partially explained on the basis of specific ion effects.
Place, Power, and Paternalism: Imagined Histories and Welfare Capitalism in Burrillville, Rhode Island, 1912 to 1951.

This article examines the history of community investments made by woolen manufacturer Austin Levy in the town of Burrillville, Rhode Island, in the first half of the 20th century. These investment...
A note on non-uniqueness in linear elasticity theory

Es wird mit Hilfe von Gegenbeispielen gezeigt, dass die Annahme eines stark elliptischen Tensors der Elastizitatsmoduln fur Spannungsaufgaben und gemischte Probleme der linearen Elastizitat und sogar fur das Verschiebungsproblem im Fall eines inhomogenen Korpers keine Eindeutigkeit garantiert. Fur den Spezialfall eines isotropen Materials mit verschwindender Kompressibilitat wird ein Ausdruck fur die allgemeinste (nicht-eindeutige) Losung des Spannungsproblems bei verschwindenden Oberflachenspannungen gegeben.
Mechanisms of gendering: gender typing and the ideal worker norm in the temporary help industry, 1946–1979

Work and organizations are gendered through the complex interaction of organizational structure, culture, and worker agency. Two specific mechanisms that accomplish this process of organizational gendering are (1) occupational gender typing and (2) the ideal worker norm. These mechanisms are usually considered in isolation but, in fact, they operate together in the gendering of work and organizations. In this article, through a content analysis of more than 1000 US temp industry documents from 1946 to 1979, I examine how these mechanisms historically interacted in the gendering – and subsequent re-gendering – of temporary employment. By unpacking the layers of organizational gendering, even when such layers are constructed in the past, this analysis advances our understanding of how to reconstruct organizations in ways that are ‘less oppressively gendered’ (Britton 2000, p. 430).
Dissection of the factors driving the placebo effect in hypnotic treatment of depressed insomniacs.

Abstract Objectives Our prior work has shown that there is improvement in self-reported sleep in persons receiving placebo in hypnotic clinical trials. We examined the components of the “placebo response” in a hypnotic clinical trial. Methods This was an exploratory analysis of a randomized, double-blind clinical trial of eszopiclone versus placebo in the treatment of persons with depression and insomnia who were also receiving fluoxetine at a clinic of a teaching hospital. Sixty adults with both depression and insomnia symptoms, who were free of significant primary sleep disorders, received open-label fluoxetine for 9 weeks. Patients were further randomized 1:1 to receive either masked eszopiclone 3 mg or placebo at bedtime after the first week of fluoxetine. We examined the respective contributions of three factors associated with the “placebo effect”: (1) regression to the mean, (2) expectancy, and (3) social desirability. Results There was evidence for regression to the mean for the continuous measurement of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. There was evidence for expectancy in self-reported Wake After Sleep Onset, continuous measurement of ISI, and dichotomous remission/non-remitter measurement of ISI. There was evidence of social desirability affecting self-reported Total Sleep Time. Conclusions Factors that have been associated with the “placebo effect” are operating in hypnotic clinical trials. However, the role of each factor differs depending upon which self-reported variable is being considered. The findings have implications for clinical trial design in insomnia.
ac conductivity in ionically conducting crystals and glasses

Abstract The ac conductivity behavior has been studied for crystalline oxygen-ion conductors: CeO 2 :Gd 3+ and CaTiO 3 :Al 3+ as well several silicate and borate glasses over a wide range of temperature. In all cases, Jonscher's universal power law behavior: σ ( ω )= σ (0)+ Aω s is observed, where σ(0) is the dc conductivity and s the power law exponent. Furthermore, there are three regions of behavior. At the higher temperatures, s is a constant (usually≈0.6) independent of T . In this range σ can be written in the form suggested by Almond and West: σ ( ω )= σ (0)[1+( ωτ ) s ]. We find that τ has the same activation energy as σ(0) and a pre-exponential ≈10 −14 s. However, the quality of the activation energies does not imply that all carriers are unassociated, as Almond and West have claimed. Rather, it suggests that the ac and dc parts of the conductivity are manifestations of a single hopping process involving ion-ion interactions. At lower temperatures, the exponent s increases as T decreases, finally leveling off at s =1.
DEFECTIVE GROWTH-HORMONE SECRETION AFTER MAIZE DIETS

Abstract The secretion of growth hormone (H.G.H.) was assessed after diets based on normal maize and a maize variant (opaque-2-mutant). Both grains were high in carbohydrate composition but, unlike normal maize, the mutant maize possessed all essential aminoacids. Significant reduction of arginine-initiated H.G.H. release occurred after 22-24 days of each diet. Diets which were lower in carbohydrate content and equal or lower in total calories did not suppress H.G.H. secretion. Although new maize mutants may supply all essential aminoacids, the significant reduction of H.G.H. secretion may limit growth potential when this material is the sole or major food source. This may be pertinent to the long-term use of such products in developing countries. Providing essential aminoacids probably does not negate the need for additional food products.
Autoimmune thyroiditis during leuprolide acetate treatment

Autoimmune thyroiditis developed in a 9-year-old girl with precocious puberty approximately 8 months after initiation of Leuprolide acetate therapy. In addition, gonadotropin concentrations as measured by radioimmunoassay appeared high. Treatment with levothyroxine, in addition to continued Leuprolide acetate treatment, resolved gonadotropin elevation and hypothyroidism.
A calendar conversion method for monthly mean paleoclimate model output with orbital forcing

[1] A computationally cheap method is described for estimating monthly means of climatological variables on alternate calendars, given their monthly means on an original calendar. This can be used to convert archived paleoclimatic GCM monthly mean results originally saved on the modern calendar to a more appropriate equi-angular calendar, thus avoiding spurious orbital signals when comparing monthly means for modern and past simulations. The method is tested using GCM simulations for the present and 126 ka BP. The method works well for temperature, which has relatively smooth seasonal cycles, and satisfactorily for other climatological variables in most regions except mid to high southern latitudes. It is also satisfactory for precipitation in most regions, but in the tropical ITCZ, it fails to significantly reduce the spurious calendar errors. However, this is largely due to high-frequency natural interannual variability in the 10-year simulations, and the errors are of the same order as the uncertainty in monthly means on a single calendar.
Endocytic control of growth factor signalling: multivesicular bodies as signalling organelles

Signal transduction and endocytosis are intertwined processes. The internalization of ligand-activated receptors by endocytosis has classically been thought to attenuate signals by targeting receptors for degradation in lysosomes, but it can also maintain signals in early signalling endosomes. In both cases, localization to multivesicular endosomesen route to lysosomes is thought to terminate signalling. However, during WNT signal transduction, sequestration of the enzyme glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inside multivesicular endosomes results in the stabilization of many cytosolic proteins. Thus, the role of endocytosis during signal transduction may be more diverse than anticipated, and multivesicular endosomes may constitute a crucial signalling organelle.
Identifying and Correctly Labeling Sexual Prejudice, Discrimination, and Oppression

To effectively work with and advocate for lesbians, gay men, and their families, one has to be aware of the individual, relational, and societal forces that may negatively affect them. The focus of this article is to familiarize the reader with terminology used to identify and label sexual prejudice, discrimination, and oppression. The pros and cons of both historically used language and newer terminology are discussed.
Contracting out by Urban Governments A Review

In this article the author seeks to provide a review of the recent literature on contracting out for urban government services in the United States. The review is selective in that the author focuses on analytical frameworks of the contracting out decision, the efficiency argument, empirical efficiency, and cost studies, as well as other considerations such as accountability, equity, and tax consequences. He concludes by wondering whether the common conclusion about the benefits of contracting out urban government services may at times have been exaggerated.
Range of Forces and Broken Symmetries in Many-Body Systems*

It is argued that for a many-body system with short range forces the commutators between local operators at different times will be fast decreasing for large spatial separations.
Use of Hydroponics to Maintain Quality of Recirculated Water in a Fish Culture System

Abstract Fish production, biofiltration, and hydroponics were linked in a closed system of recirculating water. Fish tanks were stocked with channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and the fish were fed daily. A revolving plate-type biofilter was used. Three field varieties of tomatoes (Lycopericon esculentum) were planted in outdoor hydroponic tanks. Three production units were operated during the 1976 growing season. All significant water quality variables were monitored. Performance was evaluated in terms of water quality, vegetative and fruit production of the tomatoes, and growth of the fish. Fish survival was high, but growth was below maximum because the temperature in the system was below optimum. The average loading rate of fish for the three units at harvest was 31.5 kg/unit, 489 g/tomato plant, 1.9 kg/m2 of hydroponic area, and 691 g/m2 of biofilter surface. Excellent water quality was maintained. The biofilter satisfactorily converted the waste to nitrate-N and phosphate-P and the hydroponic sys...
Decreasing operational cost of high performance oilfield services by lifecycle driven trade-offs in development

Abstract Oilfield service providers are faced with increasing service reliability, reducing operational cost, and the need for rapidly delivering innovative technology. These factors are predominantly influenced in the conceptual design stage. To enable better trade-off decisions a holistic, bottom-up, lifecycle cost model has been developed. The novelty is the early involvement of all stakeholders, i.e., developers, producers and customers, with heavy focus on the operational cost, ultimately meeting the needs of an integrated service provider's customers. Existing business, product, and operational data, as well as expert knowledge, are fed into the model to forecast lifecycle cost throughout development. In addition to the model description, a case study is presented.