cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Winter Predation of Diapausing Cocoons of Slug Caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae)

Predators exert strong top-down pressure on herbivorous insects, but research on how predators affect herbivore fitness often focuses on the more active juvenile and adult life stages while ignoring the pupal or cocoon life stage. Few studies have investigated predation of lepidopteran pupae or cocoons and even fewer have investigated species that are not forest pests. Here we present a study on overwinter survival for two moth species in the family Limacodidae, a group of polyphagous species found in deciduous forests. We placed cocoons of the saddleback caterpillar, Acharia stimulea (Clemens), and the spiny oak-slug caterpillar, Euclea delphinii (Boisduval), in the field under saplings of six different tree species and monitored predation and survival. This is the first study to examine predation rate among different host plants within a site. We found that cocoon predation was fairly high and differed significantly between limacodid species (29% for A. stimulea vs. 22% for E. delphinii). Predation rate did not differ among the six host plant species that we tested and also did not vary annually. Through phenotypic selection analyses, we found that cocoon mass affected both the likelihood of predation and overwinter survival; larger cocoons were less likely to be depredated and more likely to successfully emerge the following year. Overall our results indicate that cocoon predation is an important source of mortality for these two limacodid species and that there may be positive selection for greater cocoon mass for both limacodid species.
Sex, hormones and affective arousal circuitry dysfunction in schizophrenia

Women with schizophrenia express affective disturbances disproportionately more than men. Brain regions implicated in the affective arousal circuitry also regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and -gonadal systems, which are dysfunctional in schizophrenia. This review will argue that understanding the etiology of affective arousal deficits in schizophrenia is intimately connected with characterizing the role of neuroendocrine dysfunction and sex effects in schizophrenia. Further, the etiology of these neuroendocrine deficits begins during fetal development, during a period of time that coincides with the sexual differentiation of the brain and the vulnerability for schizophrenia. Studying the links between deficits in neuroendocrine systems and the affective arousal system in schizophrenia will provide clues to understanding the development of sex differences in schizophrenia and thereby its etiology.
Predicting published news effect in the Brazilian stock market

The Efficient Market Hypothesis states that the value of an asset is given by all information available in the present moment. However, there is no possibility that a single financial analyst be aware of all published news which refers to a collection of stocks in the moment they are published. Thus, a computer system that applies text mining techniques and the GARCH model for predicting the volatility of financial assets may helps analysts and simple investors classifying automatically the news which cause the higher impact on stock market behavior. This work has the goal of creating a method for analyzing Portuguese written news's content about companies that have their stocks negotiated in a stock market and trying to predict what kind of effect these news will cause in the Brazilian stock market behavior. Also, it was demonstrated in this study that it is possible to find out whether certain news may cause a considerable impact on prices of a negotiated stock.
Binary stars observed with adaptive optics at the starfire optical range

In reviewing observations taken of binary stars used as calibration objects for non-astronomical purposes with adaptive optics on the 3.5 m Starfire Optical Range telescope over the past 2 years, one-fifth of them were found to be off-orbit. In order to understand such a high number of discrepant position angles and separations, all previous observations in the Washington Double Star Catalog for these rogue binaries were obtained from the Naval Observatory. Adding our observations to these yields new orbits for all, resolving the discrepancies. We have detected both components of γ Gem for the first time, and we have shown that 7 Cam is an optical pair, not physically bound.
Quasimolecular modelling of the cavity problem on a vector computer

Abstract A quasimolecular model is developed for the simulation of a prototype fluid flow problem, the cavity problem. The approach is formulated mathematically as an n-body problem that incorporates gravity and classical molecular-type forces. Systems of 2576 second-order, ordinary differential equations are generated and solved numerically on a Cray X-MP/24. Examples are described and discussed, as are the fundamental mechanisms for vortex development.
On Parameter Identifiability in Non-Linear Biophysical Models

The quantitative modeling of biological phenomena allows for a deeper understanding of underlying mechanisms as well as the determination of biophysical parameters. However, we note that in many systems, the unique identification of relevant parameters is not possible with common experimental methods. The parameters of a model are said to be identifiable if there a unique point in parameter space that leads to an optimal agreement with particular data. In common non-linear models, however, there is not a unique map from parameter space to data space, and the confusion resulting from this lack of parameter identifiability may be slowing progress in many fields of biophysics. We use a simple example model to show analytically that this problem often results from rank-difficient regression, i.e., there are an infinite number of ways for the model parameters to fit the data equally well. Further, we use the same model to show that the identifiability problem can be resolved if additional experimental data is included for model constraint. Unfortunately, most models of interest will not be amenable to analytical examination. We present a numerical method based on Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling which can be used for any data and any model and will allow the diagnosis of these issues. We provide example uses of MCMC to asses parameter identifiability in a variety of systems. This method is an important tool that provides the ability to assess parameter identifiability for a given model and various potential experimental manipulations. This new kind of power analysis will lead to more precise conclusion and more fruitful experimentation.
What Physicians Should Know about the Nursing Shortage

Excerpt The nation has a shortage of nurses and we need a consensus on strategies to correct it. Vacancies are found in all settings that employ nurses, for all types of nursing. Acute care hospita...
Dynamics of Axonal Microtubules Regulate the Topology of New Membrane Insertion into the Growing Neurites

Nerve growth depends on the delivery of cell body–synthesized material to the growing neuronal processes. The cellular mechanisms that determine the topology of new membrane addition to the axon are not known. Here we describe a technique to visualize the transport and sites of exocytosis of cell body– derived vesicles in growing axons. We found that in Xenopus embryo neurons in culture, cell body–derived vesicles were rapidly transported all the way down to the growth cone region, where they fused with the plasma membrane. Suppression of microtubule (MT) dynamic instability did not interfere with the delivery of new membrane material to the growth cone region; however, the insertion of vesicles into the plasma membrane was dramatically inhibited. Local disassembly of MTs by focal application of nocodazole to the middle axonal segment resulted in the addition of new membrane at the site of drug application. Our results suggest that the local destabilization of axonal MTs is necessary and sufficient for the delivery of membrane material to specific neuronal sites.
Integrability revisited: a necessary condition

Abstract In this Letter we revisit the subject of integrability in systems with infinite degrees of freedom. We will show via combined analytical and numerical results that such systems cannot be integrable if the solitons possess internal modes. The potential sufficiency of the condition is also discussed.
Microstructure of RERTR Du-Alloys Irradiated with Krypton Ions up to 100 dpa

Abstract The radiation stability of the interaction product formed at the fuel–matrix interface of research reactor dispersion fuels, under fission-product bombardment, has a strong impact on fuel performance. Three depleted uranium alloys were cast that consisted of the following five phases to be investigated: U(Si, Al) 3 , (U, Mo)(Si, Al) 3 , UMo 2 Al 20 , U 6 Mo 4 Al 43 , and UAl 4 . Irradiation of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) disc samples with 500-keV Kr ions at 200 °C to doses up to ∼100 displacements per atom (dpa) were conducted using a 300-keV electron microscope equipped with an ion accelerator. TEM results show that the U(Si, Al) 3 and UAl 4 phases remain crystalline at 100 dpa without forming voids. The (U, Mo)(Si, Al) 3 and UMo 2 Al 20 phases become amorphous at 1 and ∼2 dpa, respectively, and show no evidence of voids at 100 dpa. The U 6 Mo 4 Al 43 phase goes to amorphous at less than 1 dpa and reveals high density voids at 100 dpa.
Cannabinoids cool the intestine.

Cannabinoids inhibit motility and secretion in the intestine. They are now assigned the additional task of curbing excessive inflammation, suggesting that drugs targeting the endogenous cannabinoid system could be exploited for inflammatory bowel disease.
Structural Design for Microaccelerometer

Abstract An optimal method is proposed for designing the structure parameters of microaccelerometer. Four types of microaccelerometers are investigated including piezoresistive cantilever-type, piezoresistive bridge-type, capacitive cantilever- type and capacitive bridge-type. The objective is to enlarge sensitivity as well as bandwidth. The effect of structure parameters such as length, width and depth on sensitivity are studied by forward analysis. According to the results of forward analysis the nonlinear optimization to maximize sensitivity and meet the requirement of bandwidth is efficiently performed. A numerical example to demonstrate the optimal design of microaccelerometers using the proposed method is presented.
Transient Intermediates of Chemical Reactions by Neutralization-Reionization Mass Spectrometry

Neutralization-reionization mass spectrometry (NRMS) is a powerful method for the generation of highly reactive molecules, radicals, biradicals, ylids, and organometallics in the gas phase. This chapter brings a brief overview of recent instrumentation developments and discusses the chemical properties of several transient intermediates of relevance to inorganic, organic, and organometallic chemistry and biochemistry. Enols, organic and inorganic acids, carbenes, carbon clusters, heterocumulenes and related unsaturated molecules, and ylids are some of the closed-shell molecules that were generated and studied by NRMS. Hypervalent radicals, oxygenated boron, nitrogen, silicon, phosphorus, and sulfur radicals, heterocyclic and nucleobase radicals, and amide radicals are examples of open shell systems that have been successfully addressed by NRMS.
Classification and branch identification of Stephenson six-bar chains

Abstract A Stephenson six-bar chain contains a four-bar loop and a five-bar loop, and its branch condition may be affected by the rotatability of both loops and the interaction between them. It may have up to six branches and its branch condition is far more complicated than that of a four-bar chain. In this article, the method to identify the effects of both loops on the rotatability of any Stephenson six-bar linkage and the algorithms to identify its branch condition are presented. The results resolve one of the most complicated and troublesome problems encountered in the finite position synthesis of Stephenson linkages. The proposed method is based on the rotatability of the common joints between the two loops and no coupler curve is used. The method is directly applicable to any type of Stephenson linkages regardless of whichever link is used as the input or fixed link. It is also valid for linkages containing prism joints. The algorithms are equally effective for path, motion, and function generation and also for any number of precision positions. Once the branch problem is resolved, other mobility problems, such as the full rotation, dead center positions, and the motion order, can be identified easily as in planar four-bar linkages.
Preemptive Information Extraction using Unrestricted Relation Discovery

We are trying to extend the boundary of Information Extraction (IE) systems. Existing IE systems require a lot of time and human effort to tune for a new scenario. Preemptive Information Extraction is an attempt to automatically create all feasible IE systems in advance without human intervention. We propose a technique called Unrestricted Relation Discovery that discovers all possible relations from texts and presents them as tables. We present a preliminary system that obtains reasonably good results.
Revolutionary Types: Russia in 1905

Most revolutionary elite studies merely discuss and analyze the few key men who build and create revolutionary movements, as well as look upon the "political revolutionary" as a singular, modal type. This paper is a discussion and analysis of the generality of the leadership of one specific political revolution, the 1905 Russian Revolution. By means of Q-factor analysis, it was discovered that the 1905 revolutionary leadership cluster into one of six activity categories or types: (1) rebel, (2) striker, (3) propagandist, (4) party organizer, (5) upper-level politician, (6) intelligentsia. Not only was each type distinct in terms of its revolutionary role, but also unique in terms of childhood, adolescent, and familial characteristics. Moreover, each type, which developed sequentially, parallels the necessary functions of a political system, as specified by Almond and Coleman.
The probability of choosing primitive sets

Abstract We generalize a theorem of Nymann that the density of points in Z d that are visible from the origin is 1 / ζ ( d ) , where ζ ( a ) is the Riemann zeta function ∑ i = 1 ∞ 1 / i a . A subset S ⊂ Z d is called primitive if it is a Z -basis for the lattice Z d ∩ span R ( S ) , or, equivalently, if S can be completed to a Z -basis of Z d . We prove that if m points in Z d are chosen uniformly and independently at random from a large box, then as the size of the box goes to infinity, the probability that the points form a primitive set approaches 1 / ( ζ ( d ) ζ ( d − 1 ) ⋯ ζ ( d − m + 1 ) ) .
Developing flexible productivity measurement models using spreadsheet software

Abstract This paper discusses the development of a series of interactive computer models for measuring productivity. By using LOTUS 123, a series of flexible models were developed which can easily be modified to fit the productivity measurement system used by most companies. Rather than force the company's productivity measurement system to fit an available computer model, a company can now tailor the computer model to exactly fit its productivity measurement system.
Relation of Locus of Control to Escapism

Summary.-104 education graduate students filled out the Internal-External Locus of Control Scale and a questionnaire about their nocturnal activity. A group of high- and low-scoring respondents were identified. The results indicate that externally oriented people engaged in more nocturnal fantasy behavior than did the internally oriented Ss. An examination of locus of control studies and the scales themselves indicates that locus of control is a concept which describes the degree to which an individual perceives he is in control of the events which shape his behavior. Phrased in more dynamic terms, an externally oriented person is one who perceives his fate as controlled by the vagaries of chance while the internally oriented person is one who senses that he possesses the ability to control the reinforcement contingencies which shape his behavior. Analysis of the Rotter scales suggest that many of the items measure the degree of perceived malevolence in a world governed by random events. A person scoring as an external not only perceives his fate as fortuitous but the world as malevolent. Thus, externally oriented persons appear anxious and perhaps would be prone to engage in more fantasy activity than internally oriented persons. This study attempts to assess deficiencies in reported nocrurnal fantasy of externally and internally oriented persons. A further purpose is to explore the notion that externally oriented Ss may react to a fortuitous world with patterns of escapism in order to alleviate the anxiety which results from the perception of malevolence or threat. Externality implies a personal sense of lack of control of reinforcing contingencies (Rotter, 1966). As a pawn of fate the externally oriented individual is very likely to experience a large sense of personal frustrations. This sense of frustration might lead to two adaptive modes, a suitable alternative or escape. The literature indicates that externality is positively associated with maladjustment (Hersch & Scheibe, 1967; Watson, 1967). Therefore, it seems that a suitable alternative is unlikely and appropriate responding may be to escape. Graduate students in education (lz = 104) were asked to fill out a 7-item 3-point rating scale about the frequency of and satisfaction with nocturnal activities such as sleeping, dreaming, and television watching. The sample also completed the Rotter scale. Upper and lower quartiles were identified for the Rotter score distributions. Significances of mean differences between high- and lowscoring groups were obtained for the nocturnal-activity rating scale. The following differences were statistically significant: (1) Externally oriented persons (N = 26) reported that they spent more time watching tele
Uncertainty estimation improves energy measurement and verification procedures

Abstract Implementing energy conservation measures in buildings can reduce energy costs and environmental impacts, but such measures cost money to implement so intelligent investment strategies require the ability to quantify the energy savings by comparing actual energy used to how much energy would have been used in absence of the conservation measures (known as the “baseline” energy use). Methods exist for predicting baseline energy use, but a limitation of most statistical methods reported in the literature is inadequate quantification of the uncertainty in baseline energy use predictions. However, estimation of uncertainty is essential for weighing the risks of investing in retrofits. Most commercial buildings have, or soon will have, electricity meters capable of providing data at short time intervals. These data provide new opportunities to quantify uncertainty in baseline predictions, and to do so after shorter measurement durations than are traditionally used. In this paper, we show that uncertainty estimation provides greater measurement and verification (M&V) information and helps to overcome some of the difficulties with deciding how much data is needed to develop baseline models and to confirm energy savings. We also show that cross-validation is an effective method for computing uncertainty. In so doing, we extend a simple regression-based method of predicting energy use using short-interval meter data. We demonstrate the methods by predicting energy use in 17 real commercial buildings. We discuss the benefits of uncertainty estimates which can provide actionable decision making information for investing in energy conservation measures.
Implementation of A “FIRM” Team At a Veterans Affairs Hospital

Abstract The "Firm System" is an organizational concept for improving access and continuity of care to patients. At a Veterans Affairs Medical Center, a firm team consists of a medical director, firm coordinator (nurse), program assistant, pharmacist, social worker, and dietitian. Assignment of patients is randomly done by the last two digits of the social security number. Once the patients are entered in a firm, they will always be re-admitted to the same firm on all subsequent hospital admissions, thus facilitating their care. The team rounds daily to provide managed care to the veterans. The interdisciplinary rounds permit instant addressing and solving of problems (e.g. drugs, diet, social problems) Firm team conferences and discharge planning are conducted weekly. The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Organizations (JCAHO) currently emphasizes the interdisciplinary delivery of care. According to Dougherty, the performance based model assesses the ability of an organization to carry out key functions that ensures quality patient care. The first step for the firm team was to initiate patient data cards for use during admissions and reference on patient's subsequent admissions. A telephone care program was expanded to expedite patient care by providing early assessment and proper referral of the patients. The firm concept is detailed in a patient care guide given to each patient on admission. In response to the new JCAHO standards, a systematic approach to drug-food interactions was developed; all members are involved in identification and teaching. A discharge planning guide was formatted to recognize each discipline and encourage participation and interaction among firm members for improved planning. Eventually, an outpatient arm of the firm will be initiated to coordinate outpatient care of the veterans.
Popular Genealogical Nationalism: History Writing and Identity among the Balga Tribes of Jordan

The proprietors of Amman's publishing houses do a brisk trade in books about politics and religion. They have also, in recent years, begun to profit from the growing demand for “tribal literature.” This new market, which emerged in the late 1970s, expanded greatly in the 1980s. It includes folkloric monographs (al ʿAbbadi 1989; al-ʿUzayzi 1984), genealogical compendia (Abu Khusa 1989), Bedouin poetry (al-ʿUzayzi 1991), introductions to tribal law (Abu Hassan 1987; al-ʿAbbadi 1982), and studies which, combining elements of all these genres, are packaged as “historical” works (al-ʿAbbadi 1984, 1986). The advent of a popular literature about the Jordanian tribes written by and for local Bedouin has been hailed in Jordan's national press as a new form of “patriotism,” and the oral traditions now being adapted to print are thought to convey a uniquely Jordanian heritage.
Serum cytokine concentrations, flavonol intake and colorectal adenoma recurrence in the Polyp Prevention Trial.

Serum cytokine concentrations may reflect inflammatory processes occurring during the development of colorectal neoplasms. Flavonols, bioactive compounds found in plant-based foods and beverages, may inhibit colorectal neoplasms partly by attenuating inflammation. Using logistic regression, we estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to investigate the association between serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)1β, 2, 8, 10, 12p70, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, interferon-γ, and tumour necrosis factor-α, measured over time, flavonol intake, estimated from a flavonol database used in conjunction with a food frequency questionnaire, and adenoma recurrence in 872 participants from the intervention arm of the Polyp Prevention Trial. Decreased IL-2 concentration during the trial increased the risk of any adenoma recurrence (4th vs 1st quartile, OR=1.68, 95% CI=1.13–2.49), whereas decreased IL-1β or IL-10 reduced the risk of advanced adenoma recurrence (OR=0.37, 95% CI=0.15–0.94; OR=0.39, 95% CI=0.15–0.98, respectively). Individuals with flavonol intake above the median (29.7 mg per day) and decreased cytokine concentrations had the lowest risk of advanced adenoma recurrence. Overall, no consistent associations were observed between serum cytokine profile and colorectal adenoma recurrence; however, decreased cytokine concentrations during high flavonol consumption may indicate prevention of colorectal neoplasms.
Competing Interactions, Spirals, and Phase Transitions with and without Long-Range Order

An exactly solvable continuous-spin model with general exchange interactions is constructed and studied for cases of simple crystalline symmetry. For lattice dimensionality $D=2$ the transition temperature ${T}_{c}$ goes to zero at the Lifshitz point. A particular case with $D=3$ exhibits a phase transition with no long-range order.
Altruism – the enigma of self-interest

The definition of altruism will be presented, highlighting the enigma behind this phenomenon in today’s highly competitive world of market economy. The growing challenges of hunger and poverty plague the world even as we entered the new millennium. As the gap between the rich and the poor widens, there is also a trend showing the increase of charitable acts and a growing interest in altruistic activities. Hong Kong, where the East meets the West, has developed into a community that is highly competitive and market-oriented. Yet its citizens, while famous for being hard-driven and target-oriented, have also nurtured a charitable spirit that is widespread and deep-rooted. Most, if not all, of her citizen regularly engage in charitable donations and sacrificial services. Each year, the community here donates an amount that, on a per capita basis, ranks amount the top of the world. Data from donor profiling by one of the larger fundraising charities provide clues as to why people give and how they choose their favorite charities. While donating money was the starting point of charitable work, current trend showed that more and more people now choose to donate their time serving the needy, by volunteering and even working fulltime with charities of their choice. The author recounts his 14-year experience of fulltime service with an international charitable organization in Mainland China and East Asia, and discusses what motivated many of his colleagues to serve in impoverished regions of Asia. Foregoing the comfort and luxuries of modern world, young professional people with high education background chose to use their professional skills to serve the needy rather than making money for themselves. The motivation behind their decisions is discussed. Evidence point to the fact that instead of being selfless, most donors and workers choose to serve because of a conviction that serving others bring satisfaction and / or reward to themselves. This concept of rewards is of course not in monetary terms. Alternative worldviews are common among workers in charitable organizations. The basis of these worldviews will be discussed.
Using surname data in U.S. Puerto Rican mortality analysis.

Evidence suggests that among mainland-born decedents. Hispanic (particularly Puerto Rican) origin may have been underreported in states that have added an ancestry item to their death certificates. This study uses the 1980 Census Bureau Spanish-surname list to code surnames on New York City death certificates. By examining the correspondence between surname type and the response to the ancestry item, we identify potential underreporting of Hispanic ethnicity for Spanish-surnamed decedents. A surname-based method then is used to adjust mortality data for mainland-born Puerto Rican decedents.
Chronic peptic duodenal ulcer with cancerous transformation.

1. A case is reported of chronic peptic ulcer of the first part of the duodenum with cancerous change in a 74 year old white female. 2. There were no metastases and microscopic examination of the lesion revealed its true character.
An ECO algorithm for eliminating crosstalk violations

ECO changes are almost inevitable in late stages of a design process. Based on an existing design, incremental change is favored since it can avoid considerable efforts of re-doing the whole process and can minimize the disturbance on the existing converged design. In this paper, we address the CVE (Crosstalk Violation Elimination) problem. Due to the changes in a multiple layer routing design, the total capacitive crosstalk on some signal wire segments on a layer may be larger than their allowable bounds after post-layout timing/noise analysis. The target is to find a new routing solution without crosstalk violations under certain constraints which help to keep the new design close to the original one. We propose a two-stage algorithm to solve CVE problems, and present optimization strategies to speed up the execution. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our algorithm.
Inequalities for generalized nonnegative polynomials

We define generalized polynomials as products of polynomials raised to positive real powers. The generalized degree can be defined in a natural way. We prove Markov-, Bernstein-, and Remez-type inequalities inLp (0<p<∞) and Nikolskii-type inequalities for such generalized polynomials. Our results extend the corresponding inequalities for ordinary polynomials.
Estrogen dependent expression of heat shock transcription factor: Implications for uterine synthesis of heat shock proteins

Transcriptional induction of heat shock protein genes is generally mediated by binding of heat shock transcription factor(s) to the heat shock element present in the promoters of heat shock genes. Although the steady-state levels of heat shock factor mRNAs vary among different tissues, at present virtually nothing is known regarding the cellular signals responsible for their synthesis and hence the observed variations. In this report we demonstrate that the heat shock transcription factor (HSTF or HSF) is under positive regulation by estrogen. The effect of estrogen was observed with both types of heat shock factors (HSF-1 and HSF-2) and occurred at both the mRNA and protein level. Immunolocalization studies emphasized the potential biological importance of these observations whereby the increase in uterine HSF-1 and HSF-2 due to estrogen was found to be associated with the endometrium, the primary tissue component which is targeted for estrogen action. This is the first demonstration of a cellular factor which can regulate HSF-1 and HSF-2 gene expression. The implications of these findings to uterine heat shock protein gene expression are discussed.
Identifying the dynamic compressive stiffness of a prospective biomimetic elastomer by an inverse method.

Abstract Soft elastomeric materials that mimic real soft human tissues are sought to provide realistic experimental devices to simulate the human body's response to blast loading to aid the development of more effective protective equipment. The dynamic mechanical behavior of these materials is often measured using a Kolsky bar because it can achieve both the high strain rates (>100 s−1) and the large strains (>20%) that prevail in blast scenarios. Obtaining valid results is challenging, however, due to poor dynamic equilibrium, friction, and inertial effects. To avoid these difficulties, an inverse method was employed to determine the dynamic response of a soft, prospective biomimetic elastomer using Kolsky bar tests coupled with high-speed 3D digital image correlation. Individual tests were modeled using finite elements, and the dynamic stiffness of the elastomer was identified by matching the simulation results with test data using numerical optimization. Using this method, the average dynamic response was found to be nearly equivalent to the quasi-static response measured with stress–strain curves at compressive strains up to 60%, with an uncertainty of ±18%. Moreover, the behavior was consistent with the results in stress relaxation experiments and oscillatory tests although the latter were performed at lower strain levels.
High-speed neural network filtering of hyperspectral data

Hyperspectral image processing techniques are utilized for a variety of applications from geological surveys to detection of camouflaged enemy vehicles. One of the persistent problems is that huge amounts of data must be processed, since a hundred or more frequency bands of spectral information can make up a typical hyperspectral image cube. If real time processing is necessary, as in target tracking or identification, some means of selecting which bands are relevant to the image and which bands can be safely ignored is desirable. We propose a fast, easily trainable neural network filter architecture that can rapidly screen a hyperspectral image cube in near real time. A bank of filters, operating in parallel, is used to screen an image for suspected targets. Performance on simulated and real images is compared to existing recognition techniques and results in considerable reduction in overall image processing time and greater accuracy.
The Emergence of New Hispanic Settlement Patterns in Appalachia

Abstract This article evaluates the emerging Hispanic population in Appalachia, which nearly tripled in size to 465,000 between 1980 and 2000. Using 1980, 1990, and 2000 census data, changes in the geographic distribution of Hispanics and in the economic characteristics of counties with growth in Hispanic population are assessed. Results suggest that high-growth counties are clustered in peripheral areas in the northern and southern subregions and are characterized by higher per capita income and greater economic viability than those areas with relatively low Hispanic population growth. *I would like to thank the five anonymous reviewers and the editor, Sharmistha Bagchi-Sen, for their insightful and constructive comments on previous versions of this article.
Self-Conceptions and Others: A Further Test of Meadian Hypotheses*

IN THIS paper we attempt to do the following with respect to the symbolic interactionist approach to social psychological phenomena: (1) to add to its relatively meager empirical base; (2) to develop a neglected aspect of the position, namely, the time dimension; and (3 ) to contribute to both the replication and the extension of the limited systematic research which has used this particular framework to focus on the key concept of self. That the symbolic interactionist approach does not rest on a substantial body of empirical research has been noted by even such a sympathetic critic as Merton.1 Proponents of the approach have tended to substitute discursive illustrations for hypothesis testing especially when setting forth the ideas of George H. Mead, the major progenitor of the scheme. In fact, some of the major commentators on Mead have at times suggested that his prime contribution is an abstract frame of reference with which an observer can
Auger contributions to electron impact ionization of Li-like ions

Abstract Electron impact ionization by a two-step process of inner-shell excitation followed by an Auger emission is estimated for the Li-like Oxygen and Fe ions. Result for the O 5+ is in good agreement with a recent experiment by Crandall et al. for incident energies above the twice of threshold energy. The Auger cross section is very much reduced in the case of Fe 23+ because of a large fluorescence yield.
Acute Glaucoma with Abdominal Pain

The symptoms of acute glaucoma include ocular pain, decreased vision and epiphora. Associated systemic symptoms are headache, nausea and abdominal discomfort1. We propose a direct relation between the ocular and abdominal symptoms.
A random anisotropy model: 1/N expansion for gaussian fluctuations in the spin-glass phase and the replica-symmetry breaking instability

Abstract The spin-glass phase in a single-site, random anisotropy, N -component spin model is considered. The spectrum of gaussian fluctuations about the N → ∞ saddle-point solution, valid between two and four dimensions, is studied in a 1/ N expansion. The “replicon” eigenmode acquires a finite negative mass (of order 1/ N ); therefore, it is unstable.
The Reversed Brayton Cycle Heat Pump—A Natural Open Cycle for HVAC Applications

Using reasonable assumptions for turbomachinery efficiencies and heat exchanger effectivenesses, the Coefficient of Performance (COP) and Specific Heating Effect (SHE) of the regenerated and unregenerated cycles are computed and optimized. Only heating data are presented and both open and closed cycles are considered. An effort is made to indicate those cases where (the working fluid being air) the cycle may be appropriately open to combine the heating function with ventilation. When driven by an appropriately small direct Brayton cycle prime mover, the total potential for a new and widespread gas turbine application of literally millions of units becomes defined.
The transport and distribution of colloidal iron and its relation to the ultrastructure of the cell.

Rabbits were given saccharated iron oxide intravenously. The iron accumulated in the cytoplasm of a variety of cells, but particularly in the Kupffer's cells and the cells lining the sinusoids of the spleen. The distribution of iron-containing particles in the cytoplasm and nucleus is described. Pinocytosis did not appear to be important in the uptake of the colloidal iron. The passage of these particles across the nuclear membranes was not related to the nuclear pores. It is suggested that fairly large molecules may be diffusible from the cytoplasm through the nuclear envelope, and the system of nuclear pores may be limited to the exchange of ribonucleoprotein between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
Auger studies of zeolites: II. Ion migration in rare earth and transition metal exchanged zeolites

Abstract X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been used in the past to study various metal substituted zeolites (1). In these studies Minachev proposed an ordering of the degree of reduction of certain metals and subsequent migration to the external surface of the zeolites. We report here Auger spectroscopy results for the dehydration and migration of the cations in each of the zeolites in Minachev's sequence. Our findings are in essential agreement with those of Minachev, confirming that silver is most easily reduced and migrates more rapidly than the other cations examined. In mixed metal zeolites our results compare remarkably well with those of Minachev. Some doubt has arisen concerning the XPS data concerning migration of cations to the external surface of the zeolite material, rather than the external surface of the large supercage of the zeolites (2). Our results with CsY zeolite indicate that the Auger depth resolution is limited to the external surface of the zeolite material.
Calorimetric studies of 7000 series aluminum alloys: II. Comparison of 7075, 7050 and RX720 alloys

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in conjunction with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are used to characterize the matrix precipitate structure of high strength and overaged tempers of three 7000 series aluminum alloys. Excellent consistency exists between the DSC results, based on the dissolution behavior of existing precipitates, and TEM observations. Comparison is made between matrix precipitate constituency and mechanical properties. A significantly high GP zone particle density was observed in a high strength 7050 alloy temper, but this temper did not have higher strength than other predominantly GP zone matrix tempers. Maximum strength was observed in a 7050 alloy temper that contained approximately equal amounts of GP zones and ή phase precipitates. Strengthening appears to be based on the contribution of both coherent GP zones and semicoherent ή precipitates. Use of the DSC approach and the free energy of activation for precipitate dissolution are recommended as rapid and quantitative means of precipitate identification.
Rivaroxaban in Clinical Practice for Atrial Fibrillation With Special Reference to Prothrombin Time

Background: Prothrombin time (PT) distribution in Japanese nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients under rivaroxaban therapy remains to be clarified. Methods and Results: Between May 2012 and July 2013, 115 NVAF patients received rivaroxaban (PT was measured in 94; reagent: recombiplastin). In these patients, (1) PT values were distributed widely from patient to patient and from peak to trough, (2) the time-dependence was obscure with sampling at any time in the outpatient clinic, and (3) the incidence of adverse events was too low for analyzing the relation with PT. Conclusions: We report the distribution of PT for Japanese NVAF patients under rivaroxaban therapy in real-world clinical practice. (Circ J 2014; 78: 763–766)
Why There is No Error in the Direct Theory of Perception

According to Gibson's direct theory, perception is an achievement, not a process. Perceptual error, therefore, is the failure to perceive. Taken in isolation, this assertion leads to implausible consequences, but taken together with other assertions of Gibson, it may be understood, without contradiction, to mean that there is no absolute error in perception. Whether perception is successful or not is determined by the context in which the perceptual act occurs.
Histamine Release and Intracellular Potentials During Anaphylaxis in the Isolated Heart

The response of the sensitized guinea pig heart to perfusion, with an effective dose of ovalbumin, was found to consist of an acceleration of the rate, an increase in the amplitude of contraction, and a decrease in coronary flow, confirming the earlier observations of Wilcox and Andrus. The characteristic mechanical reaction of the isolated atria was an increase in amplitude and frequency of contraction, the more intense effects resulting in fibrillation. Electrophysiologically, atrial activity was demonstrable by bursts of action potentials, recurring as soon as the membrane had repolarized sufficiently to be re-excited. The resting potential was reduced, and the overshoot and the rate of rise of the action potential were diminished. All of the mechanical and electrical events noted in the Langendorff heart and the atrial preparations during anaphylaxis could be reproduced precisely by an appropriate dose of histamine. Evidence for the release of histamine by both the perfused heart and the isolated atria was first obtained by pharmacologic methods and then confirmed by paper chromatography of butanolic extracts. * Histamine was quantitatively estimated by a bioassay method which is discussed in detail in this report.
The impacts of relational and trust development training on virtual teams: an exploratory investigation

Virtual teams are becoming common place in many organizations. These teams are geographically distributed and communicate via computer-mediated communication systems. Two factors have been shown to affect virtual team communications, the development of relational links and the amount of trust between team members. However, most virtual team members do not receive training on how to effectively promote the development of relational link's or trust. This paper reports on a study on the effects of relational link and trust development training on group interactions. Forty-eight teams interacted to solve a series of tasks over an eight-week period. Training on establishing relational links and trust was developed from previous literature and administered to selected teams. Surveys measuring trust and relational links were administered initially and after each task. The analysis of these measurements indicates that groups receiving training did develop higher levels of relational links and trust than teams not receiving training.
Proof of concept for a novel insecticide bioassay based on sugar feeding by adult Aedes aegypti (Stegomyia aegypti)

Aedes aegypti L. (Stegomyia aegypti) (Diptera: Culicidae) is the principal vector of dengue and yellow fever viruses in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Disease management is largely based on mosquito control achieved by insecticides applied to interior resting surfaces and through space sprays. Population monitoring to detect insecticide resistance is a significant component of integrated disease management programmes. We developed a bioassay method for assessing insecticide susceptibility based on the feeding activity of mosquitoes on plant sugars. Our prototype sugar-insecticide feeding bioassay system was composed of inexpensive, disposable components, contained minimal volumes of insecticide, and was compact and highly transportable. Individual mosquitoes were assayed in a plastic cup that contained a sucrose-permethrin solution. Trypan blue dye was added to create a visual marker in the mosquito's abdomen for ingested sucrose-permethrin solution. Blue faecal spots provided further evidence of solution ingestion. With the sugar-insecticide feeding bioassay, the permethrin susceptibility of Ae. aegypti females from two field-collected strains was characterized by probit analysis of dosage-response data. The field strains were also tested by forced contact of females with permethrin residues on filter paper. Dosage-response patterns were similar, indicating that the sugar-insecticide feeding bioassay had appropriately characterized the permethrin susceptibility of the two strains.
Potential Changes Attending the Excitation Process in the Atrioventricular Conduction System of Bovine and Canine Hearts

Potential changes attending excitation of the atrioventricular node, the common bundle, the bundle branches, and initial ramifications of the conducting tissue in the subendocardium of the bovine heart beating in situ have been recorded from unipolar exploring electrodes. Correlations between the form of nodal deflection and the location in the node of the electrode tip have been established. From right bundle branch and subendocardial action potentials, data were derived indicating a rate of transmission through the right branch of 2.02 M/sec. Certain observations on the effects of acute injury and severe hypoxia are recorded. The character of nodal deflections attending retrograde excitation is reviewed. In studies on canine hearts beating in situ , electrograms have been made from the regions in which the atrioventricular node, the common bundle, and bundle branches are believed to lie. Deflections comparable to those recorded in bovine experiments were encountered and, by analogy with those bovine studies, certain morphologic correlations postulated. In general, canine nodal deflections are smaller than their bovine counterparts and lack the variety of form ascribed to potential changes in the several portions of the bovine node. In canine studies, deflections of atrial, atrionodal, and nodal type coexisted in recordings from a single needle electrode suggesting a degree of proximity between the sources of these potential changes not encountered in bovine experiments.
Dispersal potential of a tidal river and colonization of a created tidal freshwater marsh

Background and aims A created tidal freshwater wetland, with no extant seed bank, was monitored to evaluate the colonization potential of a tidal river, vegetation and seed bank changes, and also species persistence.
Balancing cooperation and competition in retail payment systems : lessons from Latin America case studies

"Balancing Cooperation and Competition in Retail Payment Systems: Lessons from Latin America Case Studies" presents the findings of four case studies in Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Mexico) that have explored the issue of cooperation and competition in different retail payments markets, such as the automated clearinghouse (ACH) and cards markets. The study includes an overview of the main issues and policy guidelines derived from the case studies but also from the accumulated expertise of the Bank around the world and available literature on the topic. Thus, the study defines a conceptual framework to better identify the issues involved and propose policy guidelines for the authorities and stakeholders to consider in advacing reforms in the area of retail payment systems and achieve the right balance for a cooperative infrastructure development among market competitors.