cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Roots of the “Fourth Republic”. Solidarity’s Cultural Legacy to Polish Politics

Most scholars studying Polish politics agree that some of the country's fiercest political conflicts evolve around a cultural cleavage that Poland's Third Republic inherited from the communist period. The existing literature, however, provides no answer as to why this cleavage sustained its importance despite the events of 1989. Therefore, the article seeks to refine some of the theoretical categories used to analyze cultural legacies. In particular, it argues that cultural systems are transmitted through time primarily because they sustain their capacity to endow social reality with meaning. Focusing on right-wing discourse and in particular on the conflict over Poland's 1997 constitution, the article then shows that some of the cultural paradigms of the Solidarity period interacted with the character of the Polish transition as a compromise in a way that provided right-wing politicians with a meaningful framework within which to challenge their opponents and advance their claims.
THE MANAGERIAL EFFICIENCIES OF INDIAN FIRMS AS COMPARED TO AMERICAN FIRMS

This paper evaluates the relative managerial efficiencies of fourteen matched-pair American (U.S.) and Indian firms. In this study, the notion of managerial efficiency is defined in terms of profitability, debt management, and asset management. Paired comparison is employed and eight hypotheses are tested on the basis of defined ratios. Because matched pairs are used, an appropriate test is the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranked test. All the data for the study were compiled by the author from Mergent on Line. These include the most recent fiveyear time-series data that were available in 2011 for all the eight ratios that were tested. The analysis presented in this paper indicates the absence of any statically significant differences between the two sets of firms with regard to all of the ratios examined, suggesting that the U.S and the IN firms are similar to each other with respect to their managerial efficiencies of their operations.
Methanol From Electricity, Water and Carbon Dioxide: Operational Results

A chemical reactor has been developed that takes only carbon dioxide, water and electricity as inputs and produces a mixture of methanol and water. The system includes an electrolyzer that splits water into oxygen and hydrogen; and data logging capabilities for four temperatures probes, two pressure probes and three flow rates. The methanol synthesis unit was run under a number of flow conditions to help characterize its operation. One day of continuous temperature, pressure and flow rate data from the reactor will be presented to illustrate the system robustness. Finally, synchronized flow, temperature, and pressure data will be presented for the system as it undergoes step changes in the synloop flow rate. The results show that the flow rate through the reactor strongly influences the reactor temperature, which, in turn, influences the rate of methanol production.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
John Day Lock and Dam: Foundation Investigations

Foundation studies of multi-purpose navigation, flood control, and power dam on lower Columbia River; explorations and geologic work for selection of site for construction; investigations of selected site to determine grades, strengths, hydraulic properties, and other pertinent engineering or geologic features.
Potassium channels modulate cerebral autoregulation during acute hypertension.

We tested the hypothesis that constriction of cerebral arterioles during acute increases in blood pressure is attenuated by activation of potassium (K(+)) channels. We tested the effects of inhibitors of calcium-dependent K(+) channels [iberiotoxin (50 nM) and tetraethylammonium (TEA, 1 mM)] on changes in arteriolar diameter during acute hypertension. Diameter of cerebral arterioles (baseline diameter = 46 +/- 2 microm, mean +/- SE) was measured using a cranial window in anesthetized rats. Arterial pressure was increased from a control value of 96 +/- 1 mmHg to 130, 150, 170, and 200 mmHg by intravenous infusion of phenylephrine. Increases in arterial pressure from baseline to 130 and 150 mmHg decreased the diameter of cerebral arterioles by 5-10%. Greater increases in arterial pressure produced large increases in arteriolar diameter (i.e., "breakthrough of autoregulation"). Iberiotoxin or TEA inhibited increases in arteriolar diameter when arterial pressure was increased to 170 and 200 mmHg. The change in arteriolar diameter at 200 mmHg was 20 +/- 3% and -1 +/- 4% in the absence and presence of iberiotoxin, respectively. These findings suggest that calcium-dependent K(+) channels attenuate cerebral microvascular constriction during acute increases in arterial pressure, and that increases in arteriolar diameter at high levels of arterial pressure are not simply a passive phenomenon.
Nonequilibrium perturbation theory of the spinless Falicov-Kimball model : Second-order truncated expansion in U

We perform a perturbative analysis for the nonequilibrium Green's functions of the spinless Falicov-Kimball model in the presence of an arbitrary external time-dependent but spatially uniform electric field. The conduction-electron self-energy is found from a strictly truncated second-order perturbative expansion in the local electron-electron repulsion $U$. We examine the current at half-filling and compare to both the semiclassical Boltzmann equation and exact numerical solutions for the contour-ordered Green's functions from a transient-response formalism (in infinite dimensions) on the Kadanoff-Baym-Keldysh contour. We find that a strictly truncated perturbation theory in the two-time formalism cannot reach the long-time limit of the steady state; instead, it illustrates pathological behavior for times larger than approximately $2∕U$.
Comparison of HIV Testing Uptake in an Urban Academic Emergency Department Using Different Testing Assays and Support Systems

Abstract Despite 2006 recommendations by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for opt-out HIV testing in all healthcare settings, Emergency Department (ED) testing has been limited. We conducted an observational cohort study to assess the impact of two workflow interventions on the proportion of HIV tests ordered in an urban academic ED. First, a 4th-generation HIV antigen/antibody combination test replaced the existing assay, and ED staff continued to notify patients of their reactive tests. Six months later, the HIV Rapid Diagnosis Team, composed of an Infectious Diseases (ID) physician and the HIV Advanced Practice Nurse, immediately assisted with disclosure of positive results to the patients and facilitated linkage to outpatient care. The new assay did not change the proportion of HIV tests ordered (0.14–0.11%, χ2, p = 0.2). However, ID support was associated with a statistically significant increase in the proportion of HIV tests ordered (0.14–0.43%, χ2, p < 0.00010) and a nonstatistically...
Total Synthesis of Shishijimicin A

The total synthesis of the rare but extremely potent antitumor agent shishijimicin A has been achieved via a convergent strategy involving carboline disaccharide 3 and hydroxy enediyne thioacetate 4.
Preliminary Experimental Assessment of the Boundary Layer Ingestion Benefit for the D8 Aircraft

Wind tunnel experiments were performed to quantify the aerodynamic benefit of boundary layer ingestion (BLI) for the D8 transport aircraft concept. Two powered 1:11 scale, 13.4 ft span models, in BLI and non-BLI versions, were tested at the NASA Langley 14⇥22 Foot Subsonic Wind Tunnel to directly compare their performance. The models share the same basic airframe and propulsor units for the most direct comparison. They are also fully tripped to make the measured BLI benefit results scalable to the full-size aircraft. The comparison metric is the propulsor power required to produce a given net stream-wise force on the entire aircraft. The results show that the model BLI propulsors require 6% less electrical power at the simulated cruise point. These experiments provide the first back-to-back assessment quantifying the aerodynamic benefits of BLI for a civil aircraft. The BLI benefit quoted is preliminary in nature because it is defined in terms of electrical power, but we are in the process of obtaining a value in terms of flow power and there is indication that the BLI saving will remain essentially the same.
Brown-Collar Jobs: Occupational Segregation and Earnings of Recent-Immigrant Latinos

I theorize immigrant employment as a case of occupational segregation and investigate earnings and segregation of recent-immigrant Latinos relative to native workers. Analyses of greater Los Angeles 1980 and 1990 Census 5% PUMS demonstrate increased marginalization of immigrant Latinos in “brown-collar” occupations (where Latino immigrants are vastly overrepresented among incumbents). During the 1980s earnings inequality grew between recent immigrants and native-born whites, blacks, and Latinos, even controlling for group differences in labor market characteristics. Yet pay inequality did not rise between whites and native minorities, suggesting deleterious processes particular to immigrant Latinos. Analyses of occupational dissimilarity demonstrate that native minorities are less segregated from immigrant Latinos than are whites; and segregation of recent-immigrant Latinos from native workers intensified in the 1980s, but segregation from earlier-immigrant co-ethnics remained fairly constant. A number of...
Kinetic and Binding Studies of Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 2 Isopentenyl Diphosphate:Dimethylallyl Diphosphate Isomerase.

Type 2 isopentenyl diphosphate:dimethylallyl diphosphate isomerase (IDI-2) converts isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) to dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), the two fundamental building blocks of isoprenoid molecules. IDI-2 is found in many species of bacteria and is a potential antibacterial target since this isoform is non-homologous to the type 1 enzyme in Homo sapiens. IDI-2 requires a reduced flavin mononucleotide to form the catalytically active ternary complex, IDI-2·FMNH2·IPP. For IDI-2 from the pathogenic bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, the flavin can be treated kinetically as a dissociable cosubstrate in incubations with IPP and excess NADH. Under these conditions, the enzyme follows a modified sequential ordered mechanism where FMN adds before IPP. Interestingly, the enzyme shows sigmoidal behavior when incubated with IPP and NADH with varied concentrations of FMN in aerobic conditions. In contrast, sigmoidal behavior is not seen in incubations under anaerobic conditions where FMN is reduced to ...
Study on Ablation Resistant Properties of HTV

Insulations for a solid rocket motor chamber are extremely demanding. And high ablation resistance is the essential performance requirement. The VM Q and PVM Q were used as base gum,and were mixed with white carbon black,carbon fiber in open mill,vulcanization molding silicone rubber ablation resistant composite material was prepared.Through the analysis of the ablation and mechanical properties can find out that: The performance of the ablation resistance property of silicone rubber was the best when 25%PVM Q and 75% VM Q are mixed. The ablation resistance and the mechanical property of silicone rubber can be proved with the mixture of white carbon black. And within 30 g white carbon black composite effect is relatively better. The ablation resistance of silicone rubber composites was obviously increased after mixed with the carbon fibers. But that show s detrimental effects on mechanical properties of it. And the carbon fibers with length of 6mm is better than 3mm.
5'-Adenylylimidodiphosphate does not activate CFTR chloride channels in cell-free patches of membrane.

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channel requires both phosphorylation of its R domain and the presence of nucleoside triphosphates for activation. Our previous wo...
SU‐F‐T‐592: A Delivery QA‐Free Approach for Adaptive Therapy of Prostate Cancer with Static Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy

Purpose: Clinical implementations of adaptive radiotherapy (ART) are limited mainly by the requirement of delivery QA (DQA) prior to the treatment. Small segment size and small segment MU are two dominant factors causing failures of DQA. The aim of this project is to explore the feasibility of ART treatment without DQA by using a partial optimization approach. Methods: A retrospective simulation study was performed on two prostate cancer patients treated with SMLC-IMRT. The prescription was 180cGx25 fractions with daily CT-on-rail imaging for target alignment. For each patient, seven daily CTs were selected randomly across treatment course. The contours were deformablely transferred from the simulation CT onto the daily CTs and modified appropriately. For each selected treatment, dose distributions from original beams were calculated on the daily treatment CTs (DCT plan). An ART plan was also created by optimizing the segmental MU only, while the segment shapes were preserved and the minimum MU constraint was respected. The overlaps, between PTV and the rectum, between PTV and the bladder, were normalized by the PTV volume. This ratio was used to characterize the difficulty of organs-at-risk (OAR) sparing. Results: Comparing to the original plan, PTV coverage was compromised significantly in DCT plans (82% ± 7%) while all ART plans preserved PTV coverage. ART plans showed similar OAR sparing as the original plan, such as V40Gy=11.2cc (ART) vs 11.4cc (original) for the rectum and D10cc=4580cGy vs 4605cGy for the bladder. The sparing of the rectum/bladder depends on overlap ratios. The sparing in ART was either similar or improved when overlap ratios in treatment CTs were smaller than those in original plan. Conclusion: A partial optimization method is developed that may make the real-time ART feasible on selected patients. Future research is warranted to quantify the applicability of the proposed method.
Long-Term Use and Safety of Migraine Preventive Medications

Migraine preventive medications are used to reduce the frequency, severity, and disability of migraine attacks. Once migraine preventive therapy is initiated, the question of how long to maintain this therapy arises. This article will explore the literature pertaining to the long-term use of migraine preventive medications, including length of treatment and safety with long-term exposure.
Host associations of mosquitoes at eastern equine encephalitis virus foci in Connecticut, USA.

Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is a highly pathogenic mosquito-borne arbovirus, with active transmission foci in freshwater hardwood swamps in eastern North America, where enzootic transmission is maintained between the ornithophilic mosquito, Culiseta melanura, and wild passerine birds. The role of other locally abundant mosquito species in virus transmission and their associations with vertebrate hosts as sources of blood meals within these foci are largely unknown but are of importance in clarifying the dynamics of enzootic and epidemic/epizootic transmission. Blood-engorged mosquitoes were collected from resting boxes at four established EEEV foci in Connecticut during 2010–2011. Mosquitoes were identified to species, and the identity of vertebrate hosts was determined based on mitochondrial cytochrome b and/or cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sequences of polymerase chain reaction products. The vertebrate hosts of 378 (50.3 % of engorged mosquitoes) specimens, representing 12 mosquito species, were identified. Culiseta morsitans (n = 54; 67.5 %), Culex restuans (n = 4; 66.7 %), and Cx. pipiens (n = 2; 100 %) acquired blood meals exclusively from avian hosts, whereas Aedes cinereus (n = 6; 66.7 %), Ae. canadensis (n = 2; 100 %), and Ae. stimulans (n = 1; 100 %) obtained blood meals solely from mammals. Species that fed opportunistically on both avian and mammalian hosts included: Ae. thibaulti (n = 21 avian, and n = 181 mammalian; 57.2 %), Anopheles punctipennis (n = 8 and n = 40; 44.0 %), An. quadrimaculatus (n = 1 and n = 23; 35.7 %), Coquillettidia perturbans (n = 3 and n = 3; 46.2 %) and Ae. abserratus (n = 1 and n = 2; 23.1 %). Culex territans obtained blood meals from avian and amphibian hosts (n = 18 and n = 5; 26.6 %). Mixed blood meals originating from both avian and mammalian hosts were identified in An. quadrimaculatus (n = 1), and Cx. territans (n = 2). Our findings indicate that wood thrush, tufted titmouse, and a few other avian species serve as hosts for mosquitoes, and likely contribute to amplification of EEEV. Our study supports the role of Cs. morsitans in enzootic transmission of EEEV among avian species. Culex territans will seek blood from multiple vertebrate classes, suggesting that this species may contribute to epizootic transmission of the virus. Our findings support roles for Cq. perturbans and An. quadrimaculatus as epidemic/epizootic vectors to humans, horses, and white-tailed deer. Despite its abundance, the potential of Ae. thibaulti to serve as a “bridge vector” for EEEV remains unclear in the absence of any definitive knowledge on its competency for the virus. The contribution of white-tailed deer to the dynamics of EEEV transmission is not fully understood, but findings indicate repeated exposure due to frequent feeding by vector competent mosquito species.
Iran Between Islamic Nationalism and Secularism: The Constitutional Revolution of 1906

“The past,” R. H. Tawney famously said, “reveals to the present what the present is capable of seeing.” He could have added: “and what current historiography is interested in.” For much of the twen...
Optimizing Source Selection in Social Sensing in the Presence of Influence Graphs

This paper addresses the problem of choosing the right sources to solicit data from in sensing applications involving broadcast channels, such as those crowdsensing applications where sources share their observations on social media. The goal is to select sources such that expected fusion error is minimized. We assume that soliciting data from a source incurs a cost and that the cost budget is limited. Contrary to other formulations of this problem, we focus on the case where some sources influence others. Hence, asking a source to make a claim affects the behavior of other sources as well, according to an influence model. The paper makes two contributions. First, we develop an analytic model for estimating expected fusion error, given a particular influence graph and solution to the source selection problem. Second, we use that model to search for a solution that minimizes expected fusion error, formulating it as a zero-one integer non-linear programming (INLP) problem. To scale the approach, the paper further proposes a novel reliability-based pruning heuristic (RPH) and a similarity-based lossy estimation (SLE) algorithm that significantly reduce the complexity of the INLP algorithm at the cost of a modest approximation. The analytically computed expected fusion error is validated using both simulations and real-world data from Twitter, demonstrating a good match between analytic predictions and empirical measurements. It is also shown that our method outperforms baselines in terms of resulting fusion error.
Abstract TP147: Prior Stroke Predicts Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression in a Multi-ethnic Cohort of Stroke Survivors

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are common after stroke and associated with poor outcomes in stroke survivors. Although prior traumatic event experience has been linked to elevated risk of PTSD from a subsequent event, few studies have examined the influence of prior stroke experience on mental health conditions following a subsequent stroke. We hypothesized that prior stroke/TIA experience would be associated with PTSD and depression independently of PTSD following stroke. As part of the Discharge Educational Strategies for Reduction of Vascular Events (DESERVE) trial, a multi-ethnic group of mild/moderate stroke/TIA patients were enrolled in a behavioral intervention to reduce vascular risk. Symptoms of partial or full PTSD and depression were assessed in a six month follow-up survey in 134 patients using the PTSD Checklist and Center for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression scale (CES-D), respectively. PTSD was defined as meeting any DSM-IV criterion B-D, and depression as those with CES-D scores ≥ 8. Patients were categorized as having: 1) no depression or PTSD, 2) depression only, or 3) PTSD (with or without depression). Chi-square tests and multinomial logistic regression were used to examine the association between prior stroke/TIA experience and depression/PTSD. One-third (33.1%) of patients had experienced a prior stroke or TIA. At follow-up, 9.0% and 34.3% of patients met criteria for PTSD and depression without PTSD, respectively. Patients with prior stroke/TIA had 3.6 times greater odds of developing PTSD from the index stroke (95% CI: 1.0-13.3) and 2.7 times the odds of depression only (95% CI: 1.2-6.3) after controlling for age and race/ethnicity. Stroke/TIA patients who had experienced a previous stroke/TIA had significantly greater odds of developing not only PTSD but also depression than those who had not had a previous stroke/TIA. Given the high rate of recurrent stroke and the negative mental health consequences highlighted in this study, interventions that focus on prevention of recurrent stroke are crucial for promoting both physical and psychological well-being among stroke survivors.
We the (Christian) People: Christianity and American Identity from 1996 to 2014:

Religious identity, and specifically Christian identity, has long been a dominant symbolic boundary marker for inclusion into American society. But how has the salience of this boundary marker chan...
The Marburgvirus-Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibody MR191 Targets a Conserved Site to Block Virus Receptor Binding.

Since their first identification 50 years ago, marburgviruses have emerged several times, with 83%–90% lethality in the largest outbreaks. Although no vaccines or therapeutics are available for human use, the human antibody MR191 provides complete protection in non-human primates when delivered several days after inoculation of a lethal marburgvirus dose. The detailed neutralization mechanism of MR191 remains outstanding. Here we present a 3.2 A crystal structure of MR191 complexed with a trimeric marburgvirus surface glycoprotein (GP). MR191 neutralizes by occupying the conserved receptor-binding site and competing with the host receptor Niemann-Pick C1. The structure illuminates previously disordered regions of GP including the stalk, fusion loop, CX_6CC switch, and an N-terminal region of GP2 that wraps about the outside of GP1 to anchor a marburgvirus-specific “wing” antibody epitope. Virus escape mutations mapped far outside the MR191 receptor-binding site footprint suggest a role for these other regions in the GP quaternary structure.
On inputs achieving the cardinality-constrained capacity on the real Gaussian noise channel

In this paper we elaborate on a question left open in “The impact of constellation cardinality on Gaussian channel capacity” by Yihong Wu and Sergio Verdu at the 48th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing. We prove that the optimal constellation, as intuition and numerical results suggest, is symmetric about the origin. We also comment on certain monotonicity properties of the cardinality-constrained capacity.
Navigating to small-bodies using small satellites

Small-satellites are emerging as low-cost tools for performing science and exploration in deep space. These new class of space systems exploit the latest advances and miniaturization of electronics, computer hardware, sensors, power systems and communication technologies to promise reduced launch-cost and development cadence. These small-satellites offer the best option yet to explore some of the 17,000 Near-Earth Asteroids (NEA) and nearly 740,000 Main-Belt asteroids found. The exploration of these asteroids can give us insight into the formation of the solar-system, planetary defense and future prospect for space mining. Recent examples of asteroid/small-body missions target asteroids that are 100s of meters in length. Most of these discovered asteroids are 10s of meters in length and hence having the technology to explore them will open a new frontier in solar system exploration. However, these very small asteroids lack an accurate ephemeris and with current limitations in NASA's Deep Space Network (DSN) communication and tracking system, there is a 2–5 km uncertainty in distance between a spacecraft and a target. Some of these small-bodies are carbon-rich and have low-albedos that make them hard to find. However, it is these carbon-rich asteroids that are prime targets for solar-system origin studies and for asteroid mining. Overall, this presents a major navigations challenge. In this work, we develop a solution to the problem at hand. This encompasses integration of the right navigational instruments, detectors, attitude determination and control system, together with propulsion and software control system to autonomously search and ‘home-in’ on the target body. Our navigation approach utilizes an outward spiraling ‘diamond maneuver’. The spacecraft spirals outwards if the small-body is not found in the volume enclosed. Once a small-body is found, the spacecraft performs gradient descent using its imagers to close-in on the small-body. In worst-case scenarios, visual techniques to detect occlusion or thermal imagery will be used to identify the target. Once found, the spacecraft performs a helical flyby maneuver to map the asteroid. The results point towards a promising pathway for further development and testing of our navigation technology aboard a demonstrator CubeSat.
Infants of mothers treated with ethanol for premature labor.

Presented is a retrospective study of the newborn infants of mothers who were treated with ethanol in order to arrest premature labor, in comparison with matched control infants. In regard to neonatal mortality, there was no statistical difference between the study and the control infants. However, infants born within 12 hours after administration of ethanol had a significantly lower 1-minute Apgar score and a higher incidence of respiratory distress syndrome. This indicates that treatment with ethanol should be discontinued as soon as it becomes evident that labor cannot be arrested. (Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 137:713, 1980.)
Diagnosis and Treatment of Opioid Dependence

The diagnosis of physical dependence on opioids can be established only by the demonstration of typical opioid-abstinence phenomena, either by isolating the patient without abstinence-suppressing medication for at least 48 hr and observing the development of pupillary dilatation, frequent yawning, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, piloerection, sweating, restlessness, vomiting, and rise in pulse rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature, or by administering a narcotic antagonist and observing the appearance of such opioid-abstinence signs within a few minutes. For this purpose, either nalorphine (Nalline) or naloxone (Narcan) may be used. As a narcotic antagonist, naloxone is about 10 times as potent as nalorphine, which also possesses some opioid-agonist properties. An experienced physician may administer the narcotic antagonist (1-4 mg of nalorphine or 0.1—0.4 mg of naloxone) slowly by intravenous injection, constantly observing the patient for early opioid-abstinence signs such as pupillary dilatation, increase in respiratory rate, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, and sweating. The appearance of these signs establishes the diagnosis of physical dependence on opioids, and further intravenous injection of the narcotic antagonist should be stopped, as it may precipitate a more severe and potentially dangerous abstinence syndrome. For less experienced physicians, the subcutaneous route is safer.
Proceedings of the 2004 joint workshop on Foundations of mobile computing

The papers in this volume were presented at the DIALM-POMC Joint Workshop on Foundations of Mobile Computing on October 1, 2004 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. This workshop was held in conjunction with the ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom). DIALM-POMC was sponsored by the ACM Special Interest Group on Mobility of Systems, Users, Data, and Computing (SIGMOBILE) in cooperation with the ACM Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory (SIGACT).The Program Committee selected these thirteen papers from thirty-five submissions based on their perceived quality and originality and their relevance to the workshop theme. DIALM-POMC is devoted to discrete algorithms and discrete modeling in the context of mobile and wireless computing and communications. Efficient mobile computing and communication raise difficult algorithmic questions in areas such as frequency allocation, energy-efficient routing, algorithms for specific problems, data management in distributed sensor networks, and security. One workshop goal is to bring together practitioners and theoreticians in discrete and distributed algorithms for mobile applications.Because these papers are limited in size, many cannot contain full proofs of performance and/or full experimental results. Therefore, more complete and polished versions of these papers may appear later in archival journals. In particular, selected accepted papers from this workshop will appear in a special issue of Algorithmica.This workshop is the second merging of two workshops, DIAL-M (Discrete Algorithms and Methods for Mobile Computing and Communications), which was held annually in 1997-2002 as a workshop in conjunction with MobiCom; and POMC (Principles of Mobile Computing), which was held in 2001 in conjunction with the ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC), and in 2002 in conjunction with the International Symposium on Distributed Computing (DISC). The first joint DIALM-POMC meeting was held in conjunction with MobiCom in 2003.
Penetrating Trauma: Amputations

The incidence of traumatic amputations secondary to penetrating trauma has steadily increased over the past two decades. For this reason, it is essential for trauma surgeons to have a firm understanding of the principles of amputation. However, the most difficult aspect of amputation is not the surgical technique, but the actual decision to amputate or salvage a limb. When faced with a patient who may benefit from amputation, it is important to remember that amputation is not a failed attempt to salvage a limb, but rather a therapeutic treatment option for select individuals.
Balancing a See-Saw in the C-Suite:Female Directors Targeting Male CEOs¡¯ Economic Status

Little has been explored on how the subdivision of status for each gender influences executive compensation setting processes. The present study addresses the need to subdivide status for female di...
A Phase II Study of Pembrolizumab in EGFR-Mutant, PD-L1+, Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Naïve Patients With Advanced NSCLC

Abstract Background Despite the significant antitumor activity of pembrolizumab in NSCLC, clinical benefit has been less frequently observed in patients whose tumors harbor EGFR mutations compared to EGFR wild-type patients. Our single-center experience on the KEYNOTE-001 trial suggested that pembrolizumab-treated EGFR-mutant patients, who were tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) naive, had superior clinical outcomes to those previously treated with a TKI. As TKI naive EGFR-mutants have generally been excluded from pembrolizumab studies, data to guide treatment decisions in this patient population is lacking, particularly in patients with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression ≥50%. Methods We conducted a phase II trial (NCT02879994) of pembrolizumab in TKI naive patients with EGFR mutation–positive, advanced NSCLC and PD-L1–positive (≥1%, 22C3 antibody) tumors. Pembrolizumab was administered 200 mg every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was objective response rate. Secondary endpoints included safety of pembrolizumab, additional pembrolizumab efficacy endpoints, and efficacy and safety of an EGFR TKI after pembrolizumab. Results Enrollment was ceased due to lack of efficacy after 11 of 25 planned patients were treated. Eighty-two percent of trial patients were treatment naive, 64% had sensitizing EGFR mutations, and 73% had PD-L1 expression ≥50%. Only 1 patient had an objective response (9%), but repeat analysis of this patient's tumor definitively showed the original report of an EGFR mutation to be erroneous. Observed treatment-related adverse events were similar to prior experience with pembrolizumab, but two deaths within 6 months of enrollment, including one attributed to pneumonitis, were of concern. Conclusions Pembrolizumab's lack of efficacy in TKI naive, PD-L1+, EGFR-mutant patients with advanced NSCLC, including those with PD-L1 expression ≥50%, suggests that it is not an appropriate therapeutic choice in this setting.
Assessment of underreporting factors on construction safety incidents in US construction projects

Underreporting of incidents is detrimental to safety performance. This study assessed factors affecting underreporting by studying the incidence of these factors on projects with good and bad recor...
Gentrification and Displacement in the San Francisco Bay Area: A Comparison of Measurement Approaches

Gentrification may play an important role in influencing health outcomes, but few studies have examined these associations. One major barrier to producing empirical evidence to establish this link is that there is little consensus on how to measure gentrification. To address this barrier, we compared three gentrification classification methodologies in relation to their ability to identify neighborhood gentrification in nine San Francisco Bay Area counties: the Freeman method, the Landis method, and the Urban Displacement Project (UDP) Regional Early Warning System. In the 1580 census tracts, 43% of the population had a bachelor's degree or higher. The average median household income was $79,671 in 2013. A comparison of gentrification methodologies revealed that the Landis and Freeman methodologies characterized the vast majority of census tracts as stable, and only 5.2% and 6.1% of tracts as gentrifying. UDP characterized 46.7% of tracts at risk, undergoing, or experiencing advanced stages of gentrification and displacement. There was substantial variation in the geographic location of tracts identified as gentrifying across methods. Given the variation in characterizations of gentrification across measures, studies evaluating associations between gentrification and health should consider using multiple measures of gentrification to examine the robustness of the study findings across measures.
Toward the evaluation of intersystem crossing rates with variational relativistic methods.

The change in electronic state from one spin multiplicity to another, known as intersystem crossing, occurs in molecules via the relativistic phenomenon of spin-orbit coupling. Current means of estimating intersystem crossing rates rely on the perturbative evaluation of spin-orbit coupling effects. This perturbative approach, valid in lighter atoms where spin-orbit coupling is weaker, is expected to break down for heavier elements where relativistic effects become dominant. Methods which incorporate spin-orbit effects variationally, such as the exact-two-component (X2C) method, will be necessary to treat this strong-coupling regime. We present a novel procedure which produces a diabatic basis of spin-pure electronic states coupled by spin-orbit terms, generated from fully variational relativistic calculations. This method is implemented within X2C using time-dependent density-functional theory and is compared to results from a perturbative relativistic study in the weak spin-orbit coupling regime. Additional calculations on a more strongly spin-orbit-coupled [UO2Cl4]2− complex further illustrate the strengths of this method. This procedure will be valuable in the estimation of intersystem crossing rates within strongly spin-coupled species.
Text, body, and the early modern Spanish literary field in three Exemplary Novels of Cervantes

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between textualized bodies and the early modern Spanish literary field in three of Cervantes’s Novelas ejemplares: La gitanilla, El licenciado vidrier...
TCT 2030: New Carbon and Electronic Footprints.

Over the last 3 decades, TCT (Transcatheter Cardiovascular Therapeutics) has become the sine qua non meeting for the global interventional community. The TCT meeting brings together thousands of physicians, health care team members, industry, government regulators, and researchers. It is the annual
Silicon Degradation in Monolithic II–VI/Si Tandem Solar Cells

II–VI/Si tandem solar cells have strong potential for high efficiency at low cost by combining the two most widely used solar cell materials: silicon and cadmium telluride (CdTe). However, there are challenges with this merger, as loss of minority-carrier lifetime in the silicon bottom cell can be caused by growth of a II–VI cell on top. Silicon lifetime degradation in monolithic II–VI/Si structures is measured here on experimental samples for CdTe deposition temperatures between 400 and 500 °C, with variable In2O3:ZnO (IZO) thickness between the CdTe and silicon, and with and without CdCl2 postdeposition treatment. Results indicate that the CdCl2 treatment has the strongest effect on silicon lifetime reduction, followed by temperature and IZO thickness. Potential causes are discussed, and the effect on monolithic II–VI/Si two-junction solar cells is modeled. Remarkably, many silicon samples in the study were able to maintain >400 μs lifetimes, with some exceeding 1 ms, consistent with >30% projected efficiency in fully integrated II–VI/Si tandem solar cells.
Single-phase catalysis for reductive etherification of diesel bioblendstocks

Reductive etherification is a promising catalytic chemistry for coupling biomass derived alcohols and ketones to produce branched ethers that can be used as high cetane, low sooting blendstocks for diesel fuel applications. Previous catalyst materials examined for reductive etherification have typically been limited to binary physical mixtures of metal hydrogenation and acidic acetalization catalysts with limited thermal stability and industrial applicability. To address this, we developed a single-phase catalyst comprising Pd supported on acidic metal oxides with high catalytic activity, product selectivity, and regeneration stability. Batch reactor screening identified niobium phosphate (NbOPO4) as the most active acidic metal oxide catalyst support, which was downselected to synthesize single-phase catalysts by Pd loading. Several branched ethers with favourable fuel properties were synthesized to demonstrate broad catalyst applicability. The fresh Pd/NbOPO4 catalyst displayed a surface area of 130 m2 g−1, high acidity of 324 μmol g−1 and Pd dispersion of 7.8%. The use of acidic metal oxide support allowed for elevated reaction temperatures with a mass selectivity to 4-butoxyheptane of 81% at 190 °C and an apparent activation energy of 40 kJ mol−1. Continuous flow reactor testing demonstrated steady catalyst deactivation due to coke formation of 10 wt% after 117 h of time-on-stream. Four simulated catalyst regeneration cycles led to small changes in surface area and total acidity; however, a decrease in Pd site density from 18 to 8 μmol g−1, in combination with an apparent Pd nanoparticle size effect, caused an increase in the production rate of 4-butoxyheptane from 138 to 190 μmol gcat−1 min−1 with the regenerated catalyst. Lastly, technoeconomic analysis showed that higher H2 equivalents and lower weight hourly space velocity values can reduce ether catalytic production costs.
Corticotroph hyperplasia and Cushing disease: diagnostic features and surgical management

Objective This study was done to compare corticotroph hyperplasia and histopathologically proven adenomas in patients with Cushing disease by analyzing diagnostic features, surgical management, and clinical outcomes. Methods Patients with suspected pituitary Cushing disease were included in a retrospective cohort study and were excluded if results of pathological analysis of the surgical specimen were nondiagnostic or normal. Cases were reviewed by two experienced neuropathologists. Total lesion removal was used as a dichotomized surgical variable; it was defined as an extracapsular resection (including a rim of normal gland) in patients with an adenoma, and for hyperplasia patients it was defined as removal of the presumed lesion plus a rim of surrounding normal gland. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Recurrence-free survival was compared between the two groups. Results The final cohort consisted of 63 patients (15 with hyperplasia and 48 with adenoma). Normal pituitary acinar architecture was highly variable. Corticotroph hyperplasia was diagnosed based on the presence of expanded acini showing retained reticulin architecture and predominant staining for adrenocorticotropic hormone. Crooke's hyaline change was seen in 46.7% of specimens, and its frequency was equal in nonlesional tissue of both groups. The two groups differed only by MRI findings (equivocal/diffuse lesion in 46% of hyperplasia and 17% of adenoma; p = 0.03). Diagnostic uncertainty in the hyperplasia group resulted in additional confirmatory testing by 24-hour urinary free cortisol. Total lesion removal was infrequent in patients with hyperplasia compared to those with adenoma (33% vs 65%; p = 0.03). Initial biochemical remission was similar (67% in hyperplasia and 85% in adenoma; p = 0.11). There was no difference in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis recovery or disease recurrence. The median follow-up was 1.9 years (IQR 0.7-7.6 years) for the hyperplasia group and 1.2 years (IQR 0.4-2.4 years) for the adenoma group. Lack of a discrete lesion and diagnostic uncertainty were the only significant predictors of hyperplasia (sensitivity 53.3%, specificity 97.7%, positive predictive value 88.9%, negative predictive value 85.7%). An adjusted Cox proportional hazards model showed similar recurrence-free survival in the two groups. Conclusions This study suggests an association between biochemically proven Cushing disease and histopathologically proven corticotroph hyperplasia. Imaging and operative findings can be ambiguous, and, compared to typical adenomas with a pseudocapsule, the surgical approach is more nuanced. Nevertheless, if treated appropriately, biochemical outcomes may be similar.
Coolant pH control for optimum ceramic grinding. I. rebinder effect in polycrystalline aluminum oxide

The Rebinder effect, an environment-caused variation in the hardness of rock, ceramic, or glass, was investigated in polycrystalline aluminum oxide using conventional microhardness and electrochemical techniques. For an environment of pH-adjusted distilled water, both hardness and zeta potential were found to vary with pH. Maximum hardness and zero zeta potential were found to occur at pH 9.5. Observations in this study are consistent with a mechanism for the Rebinder effect in which changes in surface charge influence near-surface plastic deformation of surfaces and, thereby, hardness.
Properties of PV Cell Fractures and Effects on Performance of Al-BSF and PERC Modules

Cell cracking in PV modules can lead to a variety of changes in module operation, with vastly different performance degradation based on the type and severity of the cracks. In this work, we demonstrate automated measurement of cell crack properties from electroluminescence images, and correlate these properties with current-voltage curve features on 35 four-cell Al-BSF and PERC mini-modules showing a range of crack types and severity. Power loss in PERC modules was associated with more total crack length, resulting in electrical isolation of cell areas and mild shunting and recombination. Many of the Al-BSF modules suffered catastrophic power loss due to crack-related shunts. Mild power loss in Al-BSF modules was not as strongly correlated with total crack length; instead crack angles and branching were better indicators of module performance for this cell type.
Idiopathic Acute Pancreatitis and Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Role of ERCP and Sphincter of Oddi Manometry

Despite advances in cross-sectional imaging and a deeper understanding of the genetic and epigenetic factors associated with acute pancreatitis (AP), up to 20 % of cases remain idiopathic. Of these, many patients are at risk of having multiple episodes and progressing to chronic pancreatitis. Classically, AP is idiopathic when no etiology is identified after a negative history, physical, basic laboratories, and cross-sectional imaging. Improvements in less invasive pancreatic imaging, an evolving understanding of autoimmune pancreatitis, and better genetic tests have impacted the threshold after which endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) should be utilized in the diagnostic work up of unexplained AP. Furthermore, the role of ERCP as a therapeutic modality remains unclear. In this chapter, we will discuss the diagnostic yield and therapeutic impact of ERCP in the management of idiopathic AP and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD).
Simulation in a Network Computing Environment

MATRIX x ® and RemoteSim? software packages fully integrate graphics workstations and a supercomputer for the simulation professional Simulation models are built and tested interactively as graphical block diagrams. Symbolic models are translated into source code, and the source code can be run on a supercomputer or other compute node. Simulations can be based on differential equation, or differential-difference equation, or implicit differential-difference equations. This paper describes the interaction from the perspective of a typical user and includes a detailed example of how the software is used to perform Monte Carlo analysis.
Semiconductors, Compound Semiconductors

The term compound semiconductor encompasses a large number of materials, most of which crystallize in either the zincblende, wurtzite, or rock salt crystal structures. This article focuses primarily on the properties of the most extensively studied Groups III and V and Groups (2, 12) II–VI compound semiconductors. A summary of the physical (mechanical and electrical) properties of the zincblende cubic semiconductors, a description of the metal organic chemical vapor deposition process, the physics and applications of electronic and photonic devices, and the fabrication process technology in use to create both electronic and photonic devices and circuits are discussed. Keywords: Compound semiconductors; Metal organic chemical vapor deposition; Chemical vapor deposition; Dopants; Electronic devices; Diodes; Field-effect transistors; Heterojunction bipolar transistors; Quantum-effect devices; Resonant tunneling diodes; Single-electron transistors; Photonic devices; Light-emitting diodes; Lasers; Detectors; Device fabrication; Wet etching; Dry etching; Ion implantation; Metallization; Lithography