cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Menkes disease: a biochemical abnormality in cultured human fibroblasts

Abstract Cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with Menkes disease, an X-linked disorder involving a defect in copper metabolism, were analyzed for copper concentration by means of atomic absorption spectrophotometry. These cultures consistently exhibited elevated copper concentrations (mean = 335.5 ng of copper per mg of protein) when compared to control fibroblast cultures (mean = 59.2 ng of copper per mg of protein). External factors that could influence the copper content of cultures were found not to affect the differences in copper concentration between control and Menkes cells. Furthermore, Menkes cells could be differentiated from cultured fibroblasts of controls, of presumed heterozygotes, and of Wilson's disease patients by copper concentration. These observations led to the conclusion that the increased copper content of cultured Menkes cells was characteristic of Menkes disease, resulting from the expression of the genetic abnormality. This provides a genetic marker, a defect in metal metabolism demonstrated in human fibroblasts, that should prove valuable in both the diagnosis of Menkes disease and in the study of the fundamental defect of this genetic disorder.
The Question of Linguistic Anomaly in Developmental Dyslexia.

Recent research findings pointing to an anatomical anomaly in the left hemisphere of dyslexics supports the conjecture that dyslexia involves a central anomaly in structural linguistic capacity. Two preliminary studies were carried out to test this conjecture. One study employed the techniques of grammatical research and the other was a reaction time study. Each study provided distinct evidence of a linguistic anomaly. The grammatical study suggested an anomaly when the assignment of referential relations among nominal elements is restricted on the basis of sentence structure, and the reaction time study provided evidence of an anomaly in the exploitation of grammatical markers.
Selective transport of ribonucleosides through a liquid membrane

Abstract Lipophilic salts of phenylboronic acid facilitate the transport of ribonucleosides across a ClCH 2 CH 2 Cl liquid membrane; deoxynucleosides, in general, are not transported in this system.
Cordycepin and xylosyladenine: inhibitors of methylation of nuclear RNA

Abstract Cordycepin and xylosyladenine inhibited methylation of nuclear RNA to a greater extent than RNA synthesis in L1210 cells in vitro . Inhibition of base methylation, 2′-0-methylation and 5′cap methylation was equal to, 2 to 5-fold greater and 1.5-fold greater, respectively than inhibition of RNA synthesis. Cordycepin was more potent than xylosyladenine in inhibiting 2′-0-methylation of cytidine and adenosine, but not guanosine. These results suggest that impirment in the 2′-0-methylation of nuclear RNA may be one of the major effects that limits the biological activity of rRNA and mRNA by these drugs.
Shielding analysis for a heavy ion beam chamber with plasma channels for ion transport

Neutronics analysis has been performed to assess the shielding requirements for the insulators and final focusing magnets in a modified HYLIFE-II target chamber that utilizes pre-formed plasma channels for heavy ion beam transport. Using 65-cm-thick Flibe jet assemblies provides adequate shielding for the electrical insulator units. Additional shielding is needed in front of the final focusing superconducting quadrupole magnets. A shield with a thickness varying between 45 and 90 cm needs to be provided in front of the quadrupole unit. The final laser mirrors located along the channel axis are in the direct line-of-sight of source neutrons. Neutronics calculations were performed to determine the constraints on the placement of these mirrors to be lifetime components.
Enhanced Dry Reforming of Methane on Ni and Ni-Pt Catalysts Synthesized by Atomic Layer Deposition

Abstract Atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used to deposit Ni and Pt on alumina supports to form monometallic and bimetallic catalysts with initial particle sizes of 1–2.4 nm. The ALD catalysts were more active (per mass of metal) than catalysts prepared by incipient wetness (IW) for dry reforming of methane (DRM), and they did not form carbon whiskers during reaction due to their sufficiently small size. Catalysts modified by Pt ALD had higher rates of reaction per mass of metal and inhibited coking, whereas NiPt catalysts synthesized by IW still formed carbon whiskers. Temperature-programmed reduction of Ni catalysts modified by Pt ALD indicated the presence of bimetallic interaction. Density functional theory calculations suggested that under reaction conditions, the NiPt surfaces form Ni-terminated surfaces that are associated with higher DRM rates (due to their C and O adsorption energies, as well as the CO formation and CH 4 dissociation energies).
Tumor necrosis factor release by human monocytes stimulated with platelet-activating factor.

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a low molecular weight phospholipid which enhances human monocyte cytotoxicity for tumor cells. In the current studies, the capacity of PAF to stimulate release of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) by human monocytes was assessed. PAF induced maximal TNFα synthesis 2–3 hr after monocyte stimulation as assessed by dot blotting of cell-associated TNFα using polyclonal anti-TNF antibody. Maximal net release of TNFα occurred 5–16 hr after monocyte stimulation, as assessed by a specific ELISA. Dose-response studies revealed that a maximal two- to three-fold increase in release of TNFα occurs at 10–100 pM PAF. LysoPAF and the optical isomer of PAF did not stimulate release of TNFα, suggesting that stimulation is mediated by specific PAF receptors. Scatchard analysis of [3H]PAF binding to monocyte membranes revealed 651±495 binding sites/monocyte with a Kd of 4.7±4.2×10−10M. PAF is a structurally unique activator of monocytes whose interactions with TNFα and other cytokines may be critical to host defense against tumors.
Using realtime transcription to do member-checking during interviews

CART (Communication Access Real-Time Translation), a realtime transcription service also known as "open captioning," can serve as a time-efficient and cost-effective tool for interviews and member-checks with technologically savvy populations such as those in engineering education research. CART can provide verbatim or near-verbatim full-text captures of even rapid technical conversations. CART professionals are widely available at universities as an accessibility provision for d/Deaf and hard-of-hearing students. Several engineering education research pilots indicate that CART can change the researcher/subject dynamic and reduce or eliminate the need for a separate member-check session. This paper explains the procedures and considerations behind employing CART for a qualitative study, including setup details for realtime transcription and the tradeoffs of pursuing such an approach. Following these pragmatic details, we investigate the implications of this technique on researcher/subject positionality and the role of transcription in research methodology. We also introduce the idea of "grounded indigenous coding" as a methodological innovation, whereby realtime transcription enables participants to reflect on the words they have just spoken ("indigenous coding") while remaining grounded in the verbatim precision of a transcript.
Electron spin resonance and optical absorption of Ti2+ in CdTe☆

Abstract Observation of spin resonance and optical absorption due to Ti 2+ impurities in CdTe is reported.
Partitioned computing architectures for image noise reduction

Discrete thresholded neural networks of the Hopfield type have been employed to recover the regularized least-squares (LS) solu- tion from noisy image data. The goal is to attain this solution efficiently by conserving computational and storage requirements as the dimensions of the problem grow large. This paper discusses configurations of these networks that recover the LS solution by partitioning the networks and adopting a switching operation between active and inactive partitions to optimize the objective function. Sequential and parallel update proce- dures on active partitions offer a means to avoid limit cycling and impos- ing zero-self-feedback constraints. Examples of image noise reduction and the identification of the LS solution from corrupted image data are presented. © 2003 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects of clomiphene, MER-25 and CN-55,945-27 on the rat uterus and vagina.

The estrogenic effects of compounds which also possess antiestrogenic activity, MER-25, clomiphene and CN-55,945-27, were compared with those of 17β-estradiol in ovariectomized rats. Increases in uterine glycocogen, glucose, per cent water, and vaginal glycogen were noted with single doses of all the compounds. The maximal glycogen response to the inhibitors was about of that induced by estradiolestradiol at the doses employed. The 3 antagonists also markedly inhibited the 6-hr increase in glycogen, glucose and per cent water due to estradiol when they were given in multiple doses prior to estradiol treatment. These results suggest that MER-25, clomiphene, and CN-55,945- 27 are competitive inhibitors of estrogen at a common site of action. (Endocrinology 82: 69, 1968)
The reduction of dichlorophenyl- and Chlorodiphenyl-arsines with dimethoxymethylphosphine to form an AsAs bond

Abstract Treatment of 1 mol of C 6 H 5 AsCl 2 with 2 mol or an excess of CH 3 P(OCH 3 ) 2 at room temperature produces C 6 H 5 As[P(O)(CH 3 )(OCH 3 )] 2 . NMR spectroscopic evidence suggests that this compound exists in three diastereoisomeric forms. when an excess of C 6 H 5 AsCl 2 is treated with CH 3 P(OCH 3 ) 2 or when C 6 H 5 As[P(O)(CH 3 (OCH 3 )] 2 is treated with C 6 H 5 AsCl 2 , (C 6 H 5 AS 5 ) 6 is produced. Similarly (C 6 H 5 ) 2 AsAs(C 6 H 5 ) 2 is obtained from either 2 mol of (C 6 H 5 ) 2 AsC1 and 1 mol of CH 3 P(OCH 3 ) 2 or by the reaction of (C 6 H 5 ) 2 AsCl with (C 6 H 5 ) 2 AsP(O)(CH 3 )OCH 3 . Under the experimental conditions employed in this study P(OCH 3 ) 3 failed to reduce either C 6 H 5 AsCl 2 or (C 6 H 5 ) 2 AsCl to yield Asz.sbnd;As bonded compounds.
Adrenocortical attunement in mother–child dyads: Importance of situational and behavioral characteristics

Abstract Synchronization of behavior, emotions and autonomic physiology in mother–child dyads is related to adaptive functioning in children. It is important to explore the possibility of “attunement”, or systematic synchronization, of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis because it is sensitive to social information processing at an unconscious level. Due to limited research in humans, the present study aimed to demonstrate mother–child cortisol attunement in a human population, and examine how behavioral sensitivity may moderate this association. Saliva samples were collected from 75 mother–child dyads during a home visit. A free-play task was used to determine behavioral sensitivity within the dyad. Findings suggest that mother–child dyads demonstrate attunement of HPA axis activity and that attunement is particularly prominent during times of increased challenge. Furthermore, results suggest factors associated with behavioral sensitivity may influence attunement within the dyad. Bidirectional synchronization of adrenocortical levels may serve to positively impact later developmental outcomes in children.
Design of oxygen reduction bimetallic catalysts: ab-initio-derived thermodynamic guidelines.

The Gibbs free energies of key elementary steps for the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are calculated with B3LYP type of density functional theory: O2 + M + H++ e- (0 eV) → HOO−M (ΔG1), HOO−M + M → HO−M + O−M (ΔG2), O2 + 2M + H+ + e- (0 eV) → O−M + HO−M (ΔG3), and HO−M + O−M + 3H+ + 3e- (0 eV) → 2H2O + 2M (ΔG4), where H+ is modeled as H3+O(H2O)3 and M stands for the adsorption site of a metal catalyst modeled by a single metal atom as well as by an M3 cluster. Taking Pt as a reference, ΔG4 is plotted against ΔG1 for 17 metals from groups V to XII. It is found that no single metal has both ΔG1 and ΔG4 more negative than Pt, although some of them have either more negative ΔG1 or more negative ΔG4. This enables us to explain thermodynamically why no other single metal catalyzes the ORR as effectively as Pt does. Moreover, a thermodynamic analysis reveals that the signs of ΔΔG (the difference between ΔG of other metals and ΔG of Pt) strongly correlate with the valence electronic structure o...
Isotopic variability in large carbonate nodules in Vertisols: Implications for climate and ecosystem assessments

Abstract Vertisols occurring in the Coastal Prairie of Texas preserve distinctive patterns of carbon isotopic values with depth for both soil organic matter as well as pedogenic carbonate. These isotopic values may be used to reconstruct past climate and ecosystems (C3 versus C4 vegetation). Some soils contain large carbonate nodules (> 2 cm diameter) that exhibit δ13C isotopic gradients of up to 2–3‰ across the nodule and have an internal structure that resembles concentric growth rings. These isotopic gradients are used to potentially track relative nodule movement in soil profiles. Some nodules possibly move within and even across microenvironments displaced by several centimeters. The isotopic gradients of the nodules may also track climate and ecosystem changes associated with relative changes in soil depth caused by soil movement. In order to make accurate climate and ecosystem interpretations, soil organic matter and pedogenic carbonate should be demonstrated to have formed in isotopic equilibrium at their respective soil depth.
Derivatized polypyrrole Langmuir-Blodgett films. Applications to bioelectronics

Abstract A new class of derivatized conducting polypyrrole Langrnuir-Blodgett films have been prepared with electroactive groups covalently attached to alkyl-pyrroles. Specifically, we have studied copolymers formed by polymerizing mixed 3-alkyl pyrrole and ferrocene-3-alkyl pyrrole (Fc-Py) at the air-water interface, with the subphase containing FeCl 3 . When the Fc-Py containing LB film is deposited on an electrode surface, the resulting derivatized electrode can be used for reoxidizing reduced flavin enzymes such as glucose oxidase.
Measurement and control of ion‐doping‐induced defects in cadmium telluride films

Homoepitaxial p‐type CdTe films were grown by coevaporation of CdTe and phosphorus in vacuum, where the phosphorus vapor was ionized and accelerated toward the substrate. Hole densities up to 2×1017 cm−3 were obtained using an ion energy of 60 eV. Effects of residual ion damage were observed using cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy, etch‐pit density, and minority‐carrier diffusion length measurements. This ion damage is dependent on both the ion dose and the ion energy. Reducing the ion energy below 60 eV results in lower doping densities, but using electron irradiation and Cd overpressure during deposition makes it possible to achieve equivalent doping levels for 20 eV ions while reducing the ion damage. At an ion energy of 20 eV, using electron irradiation of the growing film, and a 0.2% overpressure of Cd, films with hole density of 1×1017 cm−3 and diffusion length of 0.35 μm were obtained. Photovoltaic behavior of the films deposited in different conditions was tested by fabricating n‐Cd...
Role of neutrals in density pedestal formation in DIII-D

An analytic model for the width of the electron density transport barrier shows qualitative and quantitative agreement with systematic data obtained in the DIII-D tokamak. The width of the barrier in H-mode decreases as the pedestal density increases. Moreover, for L-mode and H-mode density profiles with the same pedestal density, the gradients of the barriers are of similar magnitude even though the temperature and pressure gradients are much larger in H-mode. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that neutral penetration provides important physics which helps to set the width of the H-mode barrier for the electron density.
Active or passive—that is the question

For the past two or three decades, technical writing experts have tried to remove the draconian dictum: All technical writing will be in passive voice! To remind you, in active voice, the subject (i.e., agent of action) does the verb (the action), typically to an object or for a goal. The passive voice reverses that sequence: (1) the subject expresses the action or goal of the action, (2) a form of to be precedes a past participle of the verb, and (3) the agent of the action appears (or is implied) after the verb in a by phrase, as in “The site will be investigated by us.” My point in this column is to convince you that “We will investigate the site,” the active voice, is preferable, given a choice.
Aspects of GnRH Neurobiology Conserved across Vertebrate Forms

Abstract The decapeptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) came into prominence because of its roles in releasing luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone and promoting reproductive behavior. At least three aspects of GnRH neurobiology have features which may be universal among vertebrates. First, the GnRH neuronal migration from the olfactory placode into the basal forebrain appears to hold true for forms ranging from fish to humans. Second, for proper agonist activity in the anterior pituitary, GnRH must be released in a pulsatile fashion. Since GT-1 neuronal cell cultures can demonstrate pulsatile release, it must be concluded that GnRH neuronal networks themselves can manage this type of pulsatility. Using a neuronal mathematical model with “minimalist” assumptions, we demonstrated that a network of identical neurons can achieve this self-organizing property without the use of, or spontaneous appearance of, “pacemaker cells.” Indeed, since many parameter combinations worked, and since no information about species identity or chemical cell type is provided to the model, this conclusion could apply across many vertebrate forms and, perhaps, even for other neuroendocrine cell types. Third, Fernald and colleagues (this issue of General and Comparative Endocrinology ) have demonstrated remarkable effects of social context on GnRH expression in fish. Reviewed here are some data in musk shrews suggesting that behavioral and social stimuli can also modify GnRH neurons in mammals. Therefore, although GnRH neuronal mechanisms are adapted to meet species-typical variations in environment and physiology, some of the important features of this system appear to be widely conserved.
Fluorometric Study of Antihistamines

The reactions of 16 antihistamines with hydrogen peroxide and the fluorescent characteristics of the products are reported.
P-122: A Novel Wire Grid Polarizer

A new wire grid polarizer is made through a series of nanofabrication steps. The visible light polarization effect will occur when natural incident light interact with the novel double layers metal nano-grating structure on the surface of said polarizer. It gives very high extinction ratio and also no angular dependency. Theoretically, even the incident angle is over 75°, it still possible to give polarization extinction ratio over 5000:1. The feature sizes of the nano-grating structures have major influence to the polarization states of the reflective and transmitting light. The materials compose the nano grating structure and the morphology also affects the polarization effect. A 5mm × 5mm sample was made and the results will present in this paper.
Lotteries in the real world

Observed patterns of lottery play suggest that many players believe they can improve their chance of winning by adjusting their bets according to which numbers have won in recent drawings, or in response to their dreams or other portents. This skill orientation is encouraged by state lottery advertising, which tends to be misleading in other respects as well. Patterns of lottery play and the content of lottery commercials provide readily available illustrations of psychological tendencies in risky decision-making that have been documented in laboratory experiments.
Systematics of Nama ( Hydrophyllaceae ): Flavonoids and phyletic position of sect. Arachnoidea and sect. Cinerascentia

Eight flavonoids, four 6-oxygenated flavones, two methyl ethers of luteolin, apigenin 6,8-C-diglucoside and quercetin 3-O-glucoside, were isolated fromNama lobbii andN. rothrockii, sole members of sects.Arachnoidea andCinerascentia, respectively. Both taxa diverge markedly from other namas in morphology and chromosome number and their placement inNama has been questioned. The occurrence of 6-oxygenated flavones in these taxa adds to their already distinctive nature. Flavonoid evidence argues that both are more closely allied toEriodictyon than either is toNama.
Outcomes of tympanostomy tube placement in children with Down syndrome—A retrospective review

Abstract Objectives Tympanostomy tubes are commonly used for treatment of chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) or recurrent acute otitis media (RAOM) in patients with Down syndrome, but hearing outcomes in this population have been mixed, and complications appear to be common. We aim to characterize outcomes and complications associated with tympanostomy tube placement in this population. Methods Retrospective review. All patients with Down syndrome presenting to a tertiary academic pediatric otolaryngology practice over a ten year period from 2002 to 2012 who received tympanostomy tubes for COME, RAOM, or hearing loss were reviewed. Results Long term follow up data was obtained in 102 patients, with average follow up 4.7 years. COME was the primary indication for tube placement in 100/102 (98%). Less than half of these patients (44%) initially failed their newborn hearing screen. Post operative hearing was found to be normal or near normal for the better hearing ear in 85/99 (85.9%), and normal to near normal in bilateral ears in 71/99 (71%). A majority (63.7%) of patients required two or more sets of tubes during the follow up period. Long term complications were common and were significantly increased if the patient required three or more sets of tubes, including chronic perforation (36.6% vs 8.2%, p p p = 0.003). Conclusions COME is a frequent problem in Down syndrome, and the majority of patients will require two or more sets of tubes during their childhood and achieve normal postoperative hearing. Long term complications of otitis media appear to be more common in this population and appear to correlate with increasing number of tubes placed. More investigation is required to determine optimal treatment strategies for COME in patients with Down syndrome.
A scanning electron microscopy study of the transformations of organically bound metals during lignite combustion

Abstract The transformation of organically bound alkaline metals on the surface of char particles during combustion of pulverized Montana lignite was studied in detail by scanning electron microscopy. The char particles were obtained by burning the lignite in a laboratory flow furnace in which the extent of burnout was controlled by collecting the char and quenching the combustion reaction at various residence times. The atomically dispersed alkaline earth metals in the raw coal form minute submicron grains of ash on the surface of the char after slight (10–20%) char burnout. As combustion of the char proceeds, these grains coalesce and ultimately form ash droplets ranging in size from ≈ 1 to 10 μm. Significant interaction between alkaline coal ash and the silicate minerals embedded in the char partition was observed. Most of the mass of the mineral matter in coal coalesces to form a few ash particles in the size range 10–20 μm. In addition, several thousand smaller particles, 1 to 8 μm in diameter, are produced by the shedding of ash particles during combustion.
Adsorption and bonding of molecular icosahedra on Cu(100)

Abstract Closo-l,2-dicarbadodecaborane (C 2 B 10 H 12 , otherwise known as orthocarborane) adsorption and bonding on Cu(100) were investigated over the substrate temperature range 150 to 400 K using atomic beam scattering (ABS), photoemission and Auger electron spectroscopy. At 150–180 K, orthocarborane adsorbed molecularly with one or two carbon atoms forming bonds with the copper surface in the monolayer coverage range. The molecular orientation within the film becomes more disoriented as coverage is increased above 1 monolayer. For adsorption at 250 K or higher, there is clear evidence that orthocarborane dissociatively adsorbs on the Cu(100) surface. The photoemission features attributable to the orthocarborane molecular orbitals have been compared with gas phase measurements and theory.
Near-source air quality impacts of large olefin flares

Large petrochemical flares, common in the Houston Ship Channel (the Ship Channel) and other industrialized areas in the Gulf of Mexico region, emit hundreds to thousands of pounds per hour of highly reactive volatile organic compounds (HRVOCs). We employed fine horizontal resolution (200 m × 200 m) in a three-dimensional (3D) Eulerian chemical transport model to simulate two historical Ship Channel flares. The model reasonably reproduced the observed ozone rise at the nearest monitoring stations downwind of the flares. The larger of the two flares had an olefin emission rate exceeding 1400 lb/hr. In this case, the model simulated a rate of increase in peak ozone greater than 40 ppb/hr over a 12 km × 12 km horizontal domain without any unusual meteorological conditions. In this larger flare, formaldehyde emissions typically neglected in official inventories enhanced peak ozone by as much as 16 ppb and contributed over 10 ppb to ambient formaldehyde up to ∼8 km downwind of the flare. The intense horizontal ...
Recent Developments Concerning High-Velocity Clouds

I summarize the new developments in HVC research that have occurred in the past few years. These include a) the determination of approximate distances to some IVCs and HVC complex A; b) the measurement of the metallicity of the Magellanic Stream and the conclusion that tidal forces are dominant in creating the Stream; c) the derivation that the metallicity of complex C is 0.1 solar, with some evidence for metallicity variations; d) the result that N/O in complex C is 0.2 times the solar ratio, a value otherwise only seen in dwarf galaxies and Damped Lyα systems; e) the discovery of high-velocity O VI absorption, both associated with previously known HI HVCs and in directions without a HI HVC; f) the proposal that HVCs form a population of objects permeating the Local Group.
Chromatographic and electrophoretic studies of immune complexes in non-A, non-B hepatitis.

Abstract Immune complexes isolated from two patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis, one patient with acute non-A, non-B hepatitis and one patient with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis were examined by means of a combined chromatographic and electrophoretic method. Both analyses showed the presence of complexes consisting of IgG, IgM, complement c1q factor and albumin; no antigen constituents were detected. The IgG-to-IgM ratio varied from 1:1 to 4:1, suggesting that one could be dealing with complexes of both IgG—IgM and IgG—IgG types. Moreover, the detectable presence of c1q factor might indicate that such complexes were capable of activating complement.
Somatostatin expression in human renal cortex and mesangial cells.

Abstract Somatostatin modulates important physiologic functions of the kidney, including mesangial cell contraction, glomerular prostaglandin synthesis, and phosphate, water and sodium excretion. In diabetic nephropathy, somatostatin inhibits renal hypertrophy. High affinity somatostatin receptors are expressed in the kidney. Circulating somatostatin concentrations, however, are generally well below the affinity constants of known somatostatin receptors. Thus, we hypothesized that somatostatin is produced in the kidney and released locally to act in an autocrine/paracrine manner. Using reverse transcriptase and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, we found that fresh human renal cortex and cultured human mesangial cells express somatostatin mRNA. Restriction enzyme and Southern blot analysis confirmed that RT-PCR cDNA products were derived from somatostatin mRNA. Radioimmunoassay of mesangial cell culture supernatants demonstrated SS-immunoreactive peptide (87±30 pg/ml compared to 19±9 pg/ml in medium not exposed to cells; P
Working on White Womanhood: White Working Women in the San Francisco Anti-Chinese Movement, 1877-1890

Through a gendered analysis of the San Francisco anti-Chinese movement, this paper raises new questions about the historical and social construction of class identity. The analysis suggests that the historical process of political identity formation functions both as a process of exclusion and as a process of moving strategically among social categories in an effort to build political coalitions. The paper turns first to the ways that the white male labor movement conceptualized working women as victims of both sexual perversion and economic competition as a result of the presence of Chinese male immigrant laborers. Second, it looks at the divergent constructions of white working women by male and female employers, and argues for the salience of class, race and gender to employers' assessments of the value of white working women. Finally, the article explores how white working women navigated complex political coalitions by organizing on their own behalf to challenge their depiction in the rhetorics of the male labor movement and of middle-class women. The paper concludes by arguing that racially coded class and gender identities emerged as powerful sites of political coalition as a result of the presence of the Chinese male "other."
Biotin-conjugated polychelating agent.

A procedure is described for preparing a polychelating agent−biotin conjugate through the interaction of biotin-maleimide with poly-l-lysine modified with multiple residues of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and containing amino-terminal pyridylthio-propionate group. The conjugate can be easily loaded with multiple metal atoms, such as 111In, and preserves its ability to specifically interact with avidin (as avidin-agarose). Polychelate-biotin conjugate may be used for signal amplification in visualization and analytical protocols involving the application of the avidin-biotin system.
Regulation of Bestrophin Cl Channels by Calcium: Role of the C Terminus

Human bestrophin-1 (hBest1), which is genetically linked to several kinds of retinopathy and macular degeneration in both humans and dogs, is the founding member of a family of Cl− ion channels that are activated by intracellular Ca2+. At present, the structures and mechanisms responsible for Ca2+ sensing remain unknown. Here, we have used a combination of molecular modeling, density functional–binding energy calculations, mutagenesis, and patch clamp to identify the regions of hBest1 involved in Ca2+ sensing. We identified a cluster of a five contiguous acidic amino acids in the C terminus immediately after the last transmembrane domain, followed by an EF hand and another regulatory domain that are essential for Ca2+ sensing by hBest1. The cluster of five amino acids (293–308) is crucial for normal channel gating by Ca2+ because all but two of the 35 mutations we made in this region rendered the channel incapable of being activated by Ca2+. Using homology models built on the crystal structure of calmodulin (CaM), an EF hand (EF1) was identified in hBest1. EF1 was predicted to bind Ca2+ with a slightly higher affinity than the third EF hand of CaM and lower affinity than the second EF hand of troponin C. As predicted by the model, the D312G mutation in the putative Ca2+-binding loop (312–323) reduced the apparent Ca2+ affinity by 20-fold. In addition, the D312G and D323N mutations abolished Ca2+-dependent rundown of the current. Furthermore, analysis of truncation mutants of hBest1 identified a domain adjacent to EF1 that is rich in acidic amino acids (350–390) that is required for Ca2+ activation and plays a role in current rundown. These experiments identify a region of hBest1 (312–323) that is involved in the gating of hBest1 by Ca2+ and suggest a model in which Ca2+ binding to EF1 activates the channel in a process that requires the acidic domain (293–308) and another regulatory domain (350–390). Many of the ∼100 disease-causing mutations in hBest1 are located in this region that we have implicated in Ca2+ sensing, suggesting that these mutations disrupt hBest1 channel gating by Ca2+.
Development and Implementation of an Empirical Ionosphere Variability Model

Abstract Spacecraft designers and operations personnel conducting space environment analysis for low Earth orbit missions require ionospheric specification and forecast models that provide not only average ionospheric plasma parameters for a given set of geophysical conditions but the statistical variations about the mean as well. This paper provides preliminary results from an effort to develop empirical plasma variability models intended for use with the International Reference Ionosphere model. An electron number density and temperature database is derived from historical spacecraft measurements. Comparing observations with the IRI-2001 model provides mean deviations from the model as well as the range of possible values that may correspond to a given IRI output. Incorporation of the statistical variations in software to be run with the IRI model is described. An application of a specialized prototype variability model is described where the worst-case sunrise and daytime electron temperature and density values required for estimates of spacecraft charging in low Earth orbit are obtained from the variability model.
Fast average-case pattern matching by multiplexing sparse tables

Pattern matching consists of finding occurrences of a pattern in some data. One general approach is to sample the data collecting evidence about possible matches. By sampling appropriately, we force matches to be sparse and can encode a table of size m as a series of smaller tables with total size Θ((ln m)2ln ln m). This method yields practical algorithms with fast average-case running times for a wide variety of pattern matching and pattern recognition problems. We apply our technique of multiplexing sparse tables to the k-mismatches string searching problem which asks for all occurrences of a pattern string P = p0, p1, …,pm-1, in a text string T = t0, t1, …,n-1, with ⩽k mismatches (substitutions) where P, T and k are given. Assuming a uniform character distribution over an alphabet of size A, for k⩽m/(2 logAm), our algorithm has an average-case running time of Θ(kn(log m)2(m log log m)) and uses Θ(m(log m)2(log log m))space.
Labor Versus Globalization

The transnationalization of markets places labor movements everywhere in newly troubling situations. In vastly different ways in different regions of the globe, union movements and supporters have long sought to control and humanize capitalism within the frameworks of nations. For a brief moment after World War II, they seemed finally to have succeeded. Recent transnationalizing tendencies have made economic borders substantially more permeable and have undercut the capacities of nations to regulate within them, however. This leaves labor in postindustrial societies with declining resources, weakened organization, and few new ideas. Labor movements in other parts of the world stand in different relationships to current market changes from those in the West, indeed sometimes in contradiction to them. This makes desperately needed transnational labor cooperation extremely difficult. Successful responses are few and far between for the moment, and capital has seized the initiative.
A quantitative null model of additive diversity partitioning: examining the response of beta diversity to extinction

Abstract Paleobiological diversity is often expressed as α (within-sample), β (among-sample), and γ (total) diversities. However, when studying the effects of extinction on diversity patterns, only variations in α and γ diversities are typically addressed. A null model that examines changes in β diversity as a function of percent extinction is presented here. The model examines diversity in the context of a hierarchical sampling strategy that allows for the additive partitioning of γ diversity into mean α and β diversities at varying scales. Here, the sampling hierarchy has four levels: samples, beds, facies, and region; thus, there are four levels of α diversity (α1, α2, α3, α4) and three levels of β diversity (β1, β2, and β3). Taxa are randomly assigned to samples within the hierarchy according to probability of occurrence, and initial mean α and β values are calculated. A regional extinction is imposed, and the hierarchy is resampled from the remaining extant taxa. Post-extinction mean α and β values a...
Real time in vitro studies of doxorubicin release from PHEMA nanoparticles

Many anticancer agents have poor water solubility and therefore the development of novel delivery systems for such molecules has received significant attention. Nanocarriers show great potential in delivering therapeutic agents into the targeted organs or cells and have recently emerged as a promising approach to cancer treatments. The aim of this study was to prepare and use poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (PHEMA) nanoparticles for the controlled release of the anticancer drug doxorubicin. PHEMA nanoparticles have been synthesized and characterized using FTIR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size analysis and surface charge measurements. We also studied the effects of various parameters such as percent loading of drugs, chemical architecture of the nanocarriers, pH, temperature and nature of the release media on the release profiles of the drug. The chemical stability of doxorubicin in PBS was assessed at a range of pH. Suspension polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) results in the formation of swellable nanoparticles of defined composition. PHEMA nanoparticles can potentially be used for the controlled release of the anticancer drug doxorubicin.
Correction of the distortion of luminescence spectra in multilayered structures

(Photo)luminescence is an important tool in the testing and characterization of semiconductors and other materials. However, it is well known that luminescence spectra originating from thin films and other multilayered structures are distorted due to interference effects and/or self-absorption. For a meaningful quantitative comparison of material properties in devices, it is necessary to cancel out the effects of device geometry. Also, in the analysis of defect level transitions in photoluminescence spectra, distortions can be severe enough to produce spectral artefacts that can hinder the identification of actual peaks. A general and easy to use method for removing the effects of geometry is still lacking. We developed a relatively simple general method for the elimination of distortions in multilayers, which is a common device geometry. Formulae for the fraction of collected luminescence in a typical experiment were derived.
Modification of the effects of estrogen therapy on HDL cholesterol levels by polymorphisms of the HDL-C receptor, SR-BI: the Rancho Bernardo Study.

Abstract Background: Previous studies have found polymorphisms of the HDL receptor, SR-BI, to be associated with plasma HDL-C in women, but not men, suggesting a modifying role of estrogen. We examined whether the association between SR-BI genotypes and HDL-C is modified by use of unopposed estrogen in community-dwelling postmenopausal Caucasian women. Methods: Common polymorphisms in Intron5 and Exon8 of the SR-BI gene were evaluated in 689 women from the Rancho Bernardo Study. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out adjusting for confounders. Results: HDL-C levels did not differ significantly by genotype in the aggregate population. However, significant interaction was found between estrogen use and Exon8 (p = 0.03), Intron5 (p = 0.03) and Intron5/Exon8 diplotypes (p = 0.01). SR-BI genotype was associated with HDL-C levels only among estrogen users (p = 0.05) and explained 5.3% of the variance in HDL-C in this group. Consistent with prior studies, individuals heterozygous at both Intron5 and Exon8 loci had the lowest HDL-C levels. Among women with symptomatic CHD, the interaction between estrogen use and SR-BI genotype became even stronger. Conclusions: The effect that unopposed estrogen use has on HDL-C may depend on a woman's SR-BI genotype.
Ultrafast superconducting optoelectronics

Ultrafast phenomena, optoelectronics, and superconductivity are acknowledged fields of technological importance and a very large amount of research has been performed in these areas in recent years. In modern, highly-advanced digital electronic circuits, the primary function of high-performance, high-speed signal processing is given to superconducting single-flux-quantum (SFQ) logical devices, based on resistively-shunted Josephson tunnel junctions. The development of this branch of digital electronics requires ultrafast, and ultra sensitive optical-to-electrical transducers for fiber optic interconnects, which must be able to transform to the electrical domain the input information coded in the form of a train of ultrafast optical pulses and, subsequently, feed it into the SFQ processor.
Population dynamics of a naturally occurring heterogeneous mixture of Borrelia burgdorferi clones.

Two unique isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi, differing in plasmid content and outer surface protein C expression, were cultured on sequential captures of a single free-living Peromyscus leucopus mouse and were examined for differences in transmissibility. Both isolates were transmissible from inoculated C.B-17 mice to larval Ixodes scapularis ticks and, subsequently, from infected nymphal ticks to C3H/HeJ mice. Plasmid and protein analyses suggested that the original isolates were a mixed population of B. burgdorferi, and cloning by limiting dilution resulted in the identification of two clonal groups. In addition to being heterogeneous in plasmid and genomic macrorestriction analyses, the clones varied with respect to the electrophoretic mobilities and antigenicity of their OspC proteins, as shown by their reactivity to a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Plasmid analysis of sequential isolates from C3H mice experimentally infected with the primary isolate or various mixtures of its subclones showed an apparently random fluctuation in clonal dominance in the majority of mice. Surprisingly, mice infected with each subclone were permissive to superinfection with the heterologous subclone, despite the presence of anti-B. burgdorferi antibodies at the time of the secondary challenge. These results show conclusively that mice captured at Lyme disease enzootic sites may be infected by mixed populations of genetically and antigenically distinct B. burgdorferi clones and that these infections can be acquired by coinfection or by sequential infection. The lack of cross-immunization between clones existing within a naturally occurring population may play a role in the maintenance of the genetic heterogeneity of B. burgdorferi in nature.
Lower Facial Rejuvenation in the Non-Caucasian Face

The goal would be similar to Caucasian patients in that all patients would like to have maximum improvement with minimal detectability of the surgical procedure. With regard to scars, the incisions must be no longer than necessary to accomplish the desired goal, and should be carefully placed so that color matches are ideal and there is no objectionable hair shift. In addition, the technique of making an incision for male patients should be made so that hairs will grow through the scars whenever possible. For non-Caucasian patients it is essential that attention be made to all of the known details and techniques, to avoid detection that surgery has been performed.
Adding fat calories to meals after exercise does not alter glucose tolerance.

A single session of exercise increases insulin sensitivity for hours and even days, and dietary carbohydrate ingested after exercise alters the magnitude and duration of this effect. Although incre...
What's the point of seeing aspects?

This chapter presents a grammatical characterization of Wittgensteinian aspects that is inspired by Kant’s (grammatical) characterization of judgments of beauty in the Critique of the Power of Judgment, and offers a broadly romanticist understanding of the significance of aspect perception—where that includes both the experience of ‘aspect-dawning’ and our typical ways of sharing it, or trying to. The chapter also argues against Mulhall’s and Johnston’s influential reading of Wittgenstein’s remarks on aspects, and most importantly against their idea that our normal perceptual relation to the world may aptly be characterized by what Wittgenstein refers to as ‘continuous’ aspect perception.
The Cluster Expansion

The cluster expansion [Glimm, Jaffe and Spencer, 1973, 1974] allows a detailed study of the properties of quantum fields. Consequences of the cluster expansion, in addition to the proof of existence of the infinite volume limit, are the detailed properties of the spectrum: the multiplicity of the ground state, the existence of isolated particle spectrum, the existence or absence of bound states, the completeness of scattering states at low energies, analyticity in the coupling constants, Borel summability, etc. Applications have been indicated in Chapter 14 to the study of particles and in Chapters 5 and 16 to the study of phase transitions.
Toward design as collaboration

In design, multiple disparate goals must be addressed simultaneously. It is the thesis of this work that problems in two-dimensional layout design can be solved by collaboration among single-goal, intelli gent agents, each responsible for a class of objects and responsive to explicit metrics. In this model, each agent produces conflict-free designs for its own class of objects, and then, when objects conflict with each other in the combined design, the agents that own those objects address the conflicts. A limitedly rational implementation demonstrates its efficacy for park layout design in the two-dimensional plane.
Querying moving objects with uncertainty

Rapid development of mobile devices makes it possible that billions of mobile and personal devices will soon be used in every daily routine work. This emerging environment presents a number of challenging problems in several research areas including databases. The need for managing and querying continuously moving objects is among the new demands of this development. Although global positioning systems (GPS) are widely used nowadays, it is still a fact that the position information obtained is not accurate at every time instant. Thus, in most cases trajectory information is in fact "expected" trajectory with uncertainty. An interesting problem is indexing and querying trajectories with uncertain information. In this paper we introduce a data model for moving object trajectories with uncertainty and develop a new index structure (TPRU-tree) for uncertain trajectories based on TPR-tree. We discuss query evaluation using TPRU-tree and present an empirical study.
Is the Paracoccus halodenitrificans ATPase a chimeric enzyme

Membranes from Paracoccus halodenitrificans contain an ATPase that is most active in the absence of NaCl. The most unusual characteristic of the enzyme is its pattern of sensitivity to various inhibitors. Azide and rhodamine 6G, inhibitors of F1F0-ATPases, inhibit ATP hydrolysis as do bafilomycin A1, concanamycin A (folimycin), N-ethylmaleimide, and p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonate which are inhibitors of vacuolar ATPases. This indiscriminate sensitivity suggests that this ATPase may be a hybrid and that caution should be exercised when using inhibition as a diagnostic for distinguishing between F1F0-ATPases and vacuolar ATPases.
Obesity and the orthopedic trauma patient: a review of the risks and challenges in medical and surgical management.

The medical and surgical care of obese trauma patients presents a variety of unique and important challenges. Over the past 30 years, this population has increased dramatically in number, and the o...