cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
92. Association Between Religiosity, Erotophobia and Sexual Subjectivity in Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

Background From a young age, members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) are taught the importance of gender roles, traditional families, sexual purity and are frequently exposed to public consequences of sexual misconduct. We hypothesize that sexual development in this educational environment leads to high levels of erotophobia (inclination to avoid sexual stimuli) and low levels of sexual subjectivity (SS, seeing oneself as a sexual being and the subject, rather than object, of desire) in emerging adults. We aim to describe the relationship between religiosity, erotophobia and SS in LDS members. Methods Members of the LDS church aged 18-50 were recruited on electronic platforms for an anonymous, IRB-approved survey. Co-primary outcomes were scores on the Sexual Subjectivity Inventory (SSI) and the Sexual Opinion Survey (SOS), which measures erotophobia. The main exposure was strong religiosity, as defined by scoring at or above the median on both the Dimensions of Religiosity scale and the Religious Cultural Affiliation scale. We used bivariate analyses to assess differences in demographic and sexual experiences by religiosity. Separate multivariate linear regression was used for the relationship between religiosity and SS. Results 1229 individuals met inclusion criteria; 459 (37.4%) were classified as strongly religious. Table 1 provides demographic characteristics and sexual experiences by religiosity. Table 2 shows the results of the regression models for SSI and SOS outcomes. Lower SOS scores signify higher erotophobia. Strong religiosity was associated with a statistically significant reduction in SSI and SOS scores (-0.1 and -10 points, respectively) after adjusting for covariates. Non-heterosexuality is associated with a 16-point increase in SOS scores (16.8; 95% CI 12.6 - 21.0), and cis-male gender is associated with a 7-point increase in SOS scores (7.7; 95% CI: 4.6,10.9). Conclusions Strong religiosity amongst members of the LDS church is associated with decreased SS and higher erotophobia. Of note, lower religiosity in non-heterosexual respondents may be a strategy to reconcile their ongoing membership in a church with strong rhetoric against homosexuality. Our findings are relevant to adolescent health because erotophobia has been associated with sexual dysfunction, contraceptive selection and lower healthcare utilization. Furthermore, SS is essential for healthy sexual development and associated with overall well-being amongst adolescents. Strengths of this hypothesis-generating study include large sample size and use of standardized instruments. These conclusions can direct future studies evaluating the impact of specific religious rhetoric on sexual development and education.
Intuitions about magic track the development of intuitive physics.

Abstract Many successful magic tricks violate our assumptions about how physical objects behave, but some magic tricks are better than others. We examined whether the interest adults express in a magic trick is predicted by the age at which infants first respond to violation of the corresponding physical principle. In Experiment 1, adults (N = 319) rated their interest in magic tricks mimicking stimuli from violation-of-expectation experiments with infants. We found a clear correlation between how interesting a trick is and the age at which infants demonstrate a sensitivity to its underlying principle. In a second experiment (N = 350), we replicated this finding and also used three additional tricks for which there is no established age of acquisition to predict the age at which those physical principles might be acquired. A third experiment (N = 368) replicated these findings measuring adults' surprise at physical violations rather than their interest in magic tricks. Our results suggest that adults' intuitions reflect the development of physical knowledge and show how magic can reveal our expectations about the physical world.
An Exploration of School Counselor Small Group Work Experiences Leading Diversity Dinner Dialogues

Given persistent evidence of discrimination toward students of color in K-12 schools, group dialogue about multiculturalism can help individuals understand and advocate for equity and inclusion. In...
Relationship of race and ethnicity on access, timing, and disparities in pediatric palliative care for children with cancer

PURPOSE Pediatric palliative care (PPC) improves quality of life for children and adolescents with cancer. Little is known about disparities between different racial and ethnic groups in the frequency and timing of PPC referrals. We evaluated the impact of race and ethnicity on the frequency and timing of PPC referral after initiation of an embedded PPO clinic where no formal consultation triggers exist. METHODS Patients with cancer between 0 and 25 years at diagnosis who experienced a high-risk event between July 2015 and June 2018 were eligible. Demographic, disease, and PPC information were obtained. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to assess likelihood of receiving PPC services by race/ethnicity. RESULTS Of 426 patients who experienced a high-risk event, 48% were non-Hispanic White, 31% were non-Hispanic Black, 15% were Hispanic of any race, and 4% were non-Hispanic Asian. No significant differences were found between race/ethnicity and age at diagnosis/death, sex, and diagnosis. PPC consultation (p = 0.03) differed by race. Non-Hispanic Black patients were 1.7 times more likely than non-Hispanic White patients to receive PPC after adjustment (p = 0.01). White patients spent less days in the hospital in the last 90 days of life (3.0 days) compared with Black (8.0), Asian (12.5), or Hispanic patients (14.0, p = 0.009) CONCLUSION: Disparities exist in patients receiving pediatric oncology and PPC services. Cultural tendencies as well as unconscious and cultural biases may affect PPC referral by race and ethnicity. Better understanding of cultural tendencies and biases may improve end-of-life outcomes for children and young adults with cancer.
Biomorphic transformations: a leap forward in getting nanostructured 3-D bioceramics

Obtaining 3-D inorganic devices with designed chemical composition, complex geometry, hierarchic structure and effective mechanical performance is a major scientific goal, still prevented by insurmountable technological limitations. With particular respect to the biomedical field, there is a lack in solutions ensuring the regeneration of long, load-bearing bone segments such as the ones of limbs, due to the still unmet goal of converging, in a unique device, bioactive chemical composition, multi-scale cell-conducive porosity and a hierarchically organized architecture capable of bearing and managing complex mechanical loads in a unique 3D implant. An emerging, but still very poorly explored approach in this respect, is given by biomorphic transformation processes, aimed at converting natural structures into functional 3D inorganic constructs with smart mechanical performance. Recent studies highlighted the use of heterogeneous gas-solid reactions as a valuable approach to obtain effective transformation of natural woods into hierarchically structured apatitic bone scaffolds. In this light, the present review illustrates critical aspects related to the application of such heterogeneous reactions when occurring in the 3D state, showing the relevance of a thorough kinetic control to achieve controlled phase transformations while maintaining the multi-scale architecture and the outstanding mechanical performance of the starting natural structure. These first results encourage the further investigation towards the biologic structures optimized by nature along the ages and then the development of biomorphic transformations as a radically new approach to enable a technological breakthrough in various research fields and opening to still unexplored industrial applications.
Spectrally Resolved Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Imaging Reveals Plasmon-Mediated Chemical Transformations

Challenges investigating molecules on plasmonic nanostructures have limited understanding of these interactions. However, the chemically specific information in the surface-enhanced Raman scatterin...
Local governments want authority to address problems: The case of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing in the United States

Governments enact laws to protect their citizens. With the advent of hydraulic fracturing, local governments have asserted themselves by adopting laws delineating management practices to augment health and safety. Drilling firms inconvenienced by local laws espoused new state legislation to preempt time-consuming localized requirements. In Pennsylvania, the state legislature preempted local governance of fracturing activities in 2012, but a court subsequently ruled the state preemption provisions unconstitutional. An analysis of drilling activity before, during, and after the adoption of Pennsylvania’s preemption suggests that local governance does not curtail drilling activity. The benefits of preemption need to be balanced with the democratic ideals represented by local governance and the possible need for additional management practices to reduce negative externalities.
Maximally Adaptive, Deadlock-Free Routing in Spidergon-Donut Network for Large Multicore NOCs

With increasing number of cores in modern processors, an efficient network on a chip (NOC) is the key to next generation processors. Of the many NOC architectures being proposed, the Spider on network has gained popularity due to its low cost and high performance, and has been implemented in commercial processors. Recently, an improved version of this network termed as the Spider on-Donut (SD) network that extends the Spider on network in a second dimension was developed. The SD network results in lower diameter than a 2-D mesh and thus it is a good candidate for future NOC implementations. This paper presents a new routing algorithm for the SD network that is deadlock free and maximally adaptive. By employing our deadlock free algorithm on one of the virtual channels, maximal flexibility can be achieved in routing. We compute the flexibility provided by our deadlock free routing and show that it results in balanced traffic in the network without causing hotspots.
Niveles de precios en Lima del siglo diecinueve: algunos datos e interpretaciones

Este estudio ofrece nueva informacion sobre los precios al consumidor durante el siglo diecinueve en Lima e intenta construir asi un indice del costo de vida estandar y estimadores de largo plazo de la inflacion. De manera preliminar, estos deflactores podran usarse para medir las tendencias economicas “reales”, o sea, crecimiento a precios constantes.
Bovine pancreatic deoxyribonuclease D.

Abstract Of the four deoxyribonucleases, DNases A, B, C, and D, observable by chromatography of preparations of the pancreatic enzyme on cellulose phosphate, DNase D, the component present in the smallest amount, has not been previously characterized. Peptide maps show that the sequence of the amino acid residues in the polypeptide chain of DNase D is indistinguishable from that of DNase C; analysis of the carbohydrate side chain shows that DNase D contains 1 galactose and 1 sialic acid residue not present in DNase C. With the knowledge that DNase C differs from DNase A by the substitution of 1 proline for 1 histidine residue in the sequence, and that DNase B differs from DNase A only in that it is a sialoglycoprotein, we now see that the bovine pancreas synthesizes each of two amino acid sequences with and without the addition of galactose and sialic acid to the carbohydrate side chain. In order to prepare small amounts of DNase D in stable form, traces of proteolytic activity in the samples were removed by taking advantage of the affinity of the enzyme for Ca2+. On DEAE-celluloses at pH 8.0, the DNases are strongly adsorbed and can be eluted relatively specifically by increasing concentrations of Ca2+ in the eluting buffer (gradient from 0 to 2 mm Ca2+). This method of purification is applicable to DNases A, B, C, and D and provides further evidence of the marked effect of Ca2+ on the properties of these enzymes.
Nonorthogonal rate-one space-time codes over time varying channel

In this paper, pilot symbol assisted modulation (PSAM) is applied to estimate the channel for space-time block codes (STBC). The rate-one STBCs for more than two transmit antennas involve giving up orthogonality. Here, rate-one non-orthogonal and rate-one half orthogonal STBCs are compared with 4 transmit and one receive antenna. A Wiener interpolator is used with PSAM as the channel estimator. The maximum likelihood (ML) detection of nonorthogonal STBC is first developed and a simple linear (SL) and interference cancellation (IC) detection are proposed to reduce the controlled or uncontrolled interferences. The performance of SL and IC detection with non-orthogonal STBC outperforms the orthogonal STBC. The complexity of the IC detection is much smaller than that of the ML detection.
Complications following primary and revision transsphenoidal surgeries for pituitary tumors.

Objectives/Hypothesis This study aimed to determine the incidence of major complications following both primary and revision transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. Major complications included endocrinopathic, skull base, orbital, hemorrhagic and thromboembolic complications, respiratory failure, and death. Secondarily, this study aimed to examine factors associated with the occurrence of complications. Study Design Retrospective cohort analysis of California and Florida all-payer databases from 2005 to 2008. Methods The major complication rate following both primary and revision transsphenoidal pituitary surgery was calculated. Bivariate analyses were performed to investigate the relationship of patient characteristics with complication occurrence, and a multivariate model was constructed to determine risk factors associated with these complications. Results There were 5,277 primary cases and 192 revision cases that met inclusion criteria. There was a nonsignificant absolute difference of 3.09% (95% confidence interval [CI]: −11.00 to 16.14) between the rate of complications following primary (n = 443, 8.39%) and revision (n = 22, 11.46%) surgeries. Multivariate analyses showed that patients with Medicare (odds ratio [OR]:1.74, 95% CI: 1.17 to 2.61), Medicaid (OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.59 to 2.86), or a malignant neoplasm (OR: 3.10, 95% CI: 1.62 to 5.93) were more likely to have complications. Conclusions The rate of major complications following transsphenoidal pituitary surgery is lower than earlier retrospective reports. The overall complication rate following revision surgery was not significantly different from primary surgery. Insurance status and a diagnosis of a malignant neoplasm were associated with a higher rate of complications. Level of Evidence 2C Laryngoscope, 125:311–317, 2015
Outcomes of unilateral graft limb excision for infected aortobifemoral graft limb.

Objective Aortobifemoral graft (ABFG) infections presenting with apparent single-limb involvement can be managed with unilateral graft limb excision or complete graft removal. This study aimed to identify outcomes of unilateral graft limb excision for infected ABFGs and factors predictive of subsequent contralateral or main body graft limb infection. Methods A retrospective review of patients treated with unilateral graft limb excision for infection of an isolated limb of an ABFG from 2001 to July 2014 was performed. Endovascular and aortic tube graft infections were excluded. Outcomes were freedom from contralateral graft limb excision, overall survival, and factors predicting subsequent contralateral limb or main body infection. Results Fifteen patients underwent unilateral graft limb excision and revascularization for treatment of an infected ABFG isolated to one graft limb. Indications for the original ABFG were aortoiliac occlusive disease in 11 patients and aortoiliac aneurysm in 4 patients. All patients presented with clinical evidence consistent with unilateral graft limb infection and clinical findings confirmed radiographically. Unilateral graft explantation was performed for isolated infrainguinal graft limb infection with no retroperitoneal infection on exploration or if patients were too ill to tolerate total graft explantation despite infection in the retroperitoneum. Seven patients, all of whom underwent initial operation for aortoiliac occlusive disease, developed contralateral limb infection at a median follow-up of 23.2 months after unilateral excision. The remaining eight patients remained free of contralateral graft limb infection at median follow-up of 38.8 months. Patient demographics were similar between the two groups. Factors predictive of contralateral graft limb infection included an ABFG placed for aortoiliac occlusive disease ( P = .03) and culture evidence of infection above the inguinal ligament ( P = .07; positive predictive value of 71%). Median duration of targeted antibiotic therapy was 42 days, and neither duration of antibiotics nor cultured microorganism predicted recurrent graft infection. Overall mortality was 40% and was similar between patients who developed contralateral or main body graft infection and those who did not. There was no limb loss, and overall median follow-up was 44.7 months. Conclusions Isolated unilateral infection of an ABFG limb can be managed with single graft limb excision, provided the infection is isolated to the infrainguinal graft segment. Factors predicting subsequent contralateral or main body graft infection include ABFGs originally placed for aortoiliac occlusive disease and culture-positive graft infection above the inguinal ligament.
Flow cytometry using Brillouin imaging and sensing via time-resolved optical (BISTRO) measurements

A novel concept of Brillouin imaging and sensing via time-resolved optical (BISTRO) measurements is introduced for flow cytometry applications. The system affords robust, maintenance-free and high-speed elasticity-sensitive measurements.
People and the Trees

Deforesting the Earth From Prehistory to Global Crisis. Michael Williams. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2003. 715 pp. $70, £49. ISBN 0-226-89926-8. Williams provides an abundantly documented, scholarly account of the impact of humans on forests over the past 6000 years.
Remedies for common user-agent problems

User agents---that is browsers and other programs that deal with the Web---can fail the user in many ways. This article, by three people deeply involved with the development of the Web, documents some typical common user agent problems, and suggests correct ways of working.The authors use several Web-specific technical terms, so let me list the important ones here:• Fragment identifier: the part of a URI Web address after a `#' character, typically identifying a sub-part of a document (e.g. http://www.example.com/index.html#contact).• HTTP: hypertext transfer protocol - the protocol used for transferring documents between a server and a client.• Media type (also known as MIME type): an identifying string like "text/html" or "image/gif" used by servers and clients for identifying the type of a document.• PNG: a bitmapped image format, like GIF and JPEG, but with better user experience properties• RFC: `Request for comments' - the name given to Internet standards published by the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)• SVG: structured vector graphics: a non-bitmapped image format that scales better than bitmapped formats like PNG, GIF and JPEG.• URI: (Universal resource identifier) a `Web address', such as http://www.acm.org• URI scheme: the part of a URI before the colon, such as http: and ftp:---Steven Pemberton
The Fluid Mechanics of the Eye and the Role of the Mucus Layer

We discuss the role of the mucus layer in the eye. The tear film in the eye is composed of a mucus layer, an aqueous layer and a lipid layer. While the aqueous and lipid layers are Newtonian, the mucus layer is non-Newtonian. It is commonly believed that the mucus layer serves as a lubricant for the cornea. However, we hypothesize that it serves a greater purpose as a protective layer from foreign particles; the normal stress effects of a viscoelastic fluid under the blinking motion of the eyelid would act towards pushing out any particle embedded in this layer. To prove this hypothesis, we mathematically study the fluid mechanics of a viscoelastic, shear thinning fluid modeled by a generalized second grade fluid. As a first step, we investigate the flow and stresses induced by a shearing motion (part of a blink cycle) and its effect upon an embedded particle, which is modeled by the Wiberg-Smith equation.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Constructive and deconstructive tool modification by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).

Nine chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) were tested for their ability to assemble or disassemble the appropriate tool to obtain a food reward from two different apparatus. In its deconstructed form, the tool functioned as a probe for one apparatus. In its constructed form, the tool functioned as a hook, appropriate for a second apparatus. Each subject completed four test trials with each apparatus type. Tool types were randomized and counter-balanced between the two forms. Results demonstrated that adult and juvenile chimpanzees (N = 7) were successful with both tool types, while two infant chimpanzees performed near chance. Off-line video analyses revealed that tool modifications followed by attempted solutions by the adults and juveniles were typically correct on the first attempt. Neither infant was successful in modifying tools correctly on the first attempt over all eight trials. The older chimpanzees’ ability to modify the appropriate tool consistently prior to use indicates an immediate recognition of the functional attributes necessary for the successful use of tool types on each apparatus, and represents a non-replication of a previously reported study by Povinelli.
In-situ atomic absorption monitoring with substrate reflection

We demonstrate a technique to apply real-time optical flux monitoring by in situ atomic absorption when the only available optical path through a molecular beam epitaxial growth chamber reflects from the substrate. Thin-film interference effects in the reflected signal were virtually eliminated during growth by using a collinear beam that has a wavelength very close to that of the group-III absorption line. This method enables atomic absorption monitoring to be applied to heterostructure growths without the need for real- time reflectance analysis. We demonstrated the technique by monitoring Ga flux during GaAs growth using a Mn lamp for the off-resonance source. The short-term uncertainty in the flux measurement was 0.6% (one standard deviation). Theoretical calculations indicated that approximately 0.2% and 0.3% maximum instantaneous error can be attained for Ga and Al, respectively, during the growth of vertical cavity surface emitting layers.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Nano Li4Ti5O12–LiMn2O4 batteries with high power capability and improved cycle-life

Abstract We report the effects of electrode thickness, cathode particle size and morphology, cathode carbon coating matching ratio and laminate structure on the electrochemical characteristics of nanosized Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 –LiMn 2 O 4 batteries. We show that a correct adjustment of these parameters resulted in significant improvements in power capability and cycle-life of such devices, making them competitive, low-cost and safe battery chemistry for next generation Li-ion batteries. In addition, Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 reversible specific capacity beyond three Li-ions intercalation is reported.
Low-loss hollow-core waveguide using high-contrast sub-wavelength grating

We present a novel form of hollow-core waveguiding that enables chip-scale integration. Light propagates in air along a zig-zag path between very highly-reflective Si metastructures comprised of a single layer of sub-wavelength high-contrast gratings (HCGs) without the aid of sidewalls. Top and bottom subwavelength HCGs separated by 9um of air and with periodicity perpendicular to the propagation of light reflect light at shallow angles with extremely low loss. The HCGs are patterned on SOI wafers with 340 nm-thick Si device layers engraved in a single etch step, and have been measured to have a 0.37 dB/cm propagation loss. Our work demonstrates the light-guiding properties of HCG hollow-core waveguides with a novel form of lateral beam confinement that uses subtle reflection phase changes between core and cladding HCG regions capable of bending light around 30 mm radius-of-curvature tracks.
Precocious sexual parasitism in the deep sea ceratioid anglerfish, Cryptopsaras couesi Gill

THE eleven families and nearly one hundred species of ceratioid anglerfish are distributed throughout the world's oceans below a depth of 500 m. The Ceratiidae, with two monotypic genera, Ceratias Kroyer and Cryptopsaras Gill, is one of four ceratioid families whose members exhibit a peculiar and unique mode of reproduction in which dwarfed males become permanently and parasitically attached to the body of a relatively gigantic female. Males of this family have large, forwardly directed eyes, apparently relying entirely on vision for their search and identification of a conspecific female. As in other ceratioid males, they are also equipped with a set of pincher-like denticles at the tips of their jaws for grasping and holding fast to a mate. Attachment is followed by fusion of epidermal tissues, and eventually by a uniting of the circulatory systems, so that the male, whose single function is to produce sperm, becomes dependent on the female for blood-transported nutriment, and the female becomes a kind of self-fertilising hermaphroditic host. Since its discovery 50 years ago, the story of sexual parasitism in ceratioid anglerfish has become a part of everyday scientific knowledge, yet no thoroughly satisfactory analysis of the known facts concerning this remarkable reproductive strategy has been made, in spite of the elegant work of Bertelsen1. This report describes sexual parasitism in surprisingly young females of C. couesi. Contrary to previous thought, it is now evident that parasitic attachment can take place at an extremely early age immediately following metamorphosis.
A Note on the Existence of a Competitive Optimal Output

The question of the existence of a competitive optimum under conditions of price and technological uncertainty is examined. Necessary and sufficient conditions covering all but a ‘borderline’ indeterminate case are derived.
Solid-state carrier-envelope-phase noise measurements with intrinsically balanced detection

We use interference between single- and two-photon photocurrent generation pathways in a semiconductor to measure the out-of-loop carrier-envelope-phase noise of a stabilized Ti:sapphire modelocked laser. This solid-state measurement technique exhibits no significant amplitude/phase coupling, adds no measurable phase noise compared to the standard self-referencing technique, and requires few optical components. The method features a built-in balanced detection mechanism that is particularly appealing for dc carrier-envelope-phase measurements.
Modulation of [3H]-dopamine released by different frequencies of stimulation from rabbit retina

Rabbit retinal pieces were incubated with [3H]-dopamine and superfused with Krebs solution. Calcium-dependent tritium release was elicited twice within each experiment by electrical field stimulation (360 pulses, 2 ms, 20 mA) at frequencies of 1 Hz, 3 Hz, and 6 Hz. The evoked release of [3H]-dopamine for the first period of stimulation (S1) was 2.09 +/- 0.23% (n = 5) at 1 Hz and was of similar magnitude at all other frequencies of stimulation employed. The D2-dopamine receptor agonist, LY 171555 (quinpirole HCl; 0.01-1 microM) added to the superfusion medium before the second period of stimulation, inhibited the calcium-dependent release of [3H]-dopamine in a concentration-dependent manner, and was more potent the lower the stimulation frequency. The isomer of quinpirole, LY 181990 (0.01-1 microM) did not inhibit the stimulation-evoked overflow of tritium, regardless of concentration or stimulation frequency. The stereoisomers of the D2-dopamine receptor antagonist sulpiride (0.01-3 microM) increased the calcium-dependent release of [3H]-dopamine in a concentration-dependent manner, being more potent the higher the frequency of stimulation. S-sulpiride was more potent than R-sulpiride at all stimulation frequencies. The inhibitory effect of quinpirole was stereoselectively antagonized by sulpiride, but not by LY 181990. The alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine (1 microM) did not modify the quinpirole-induced inhibition of [3H]-dopamine release. When the synaptic concentration of dopamine was increased by the presence of the dopamine uptake inhibitor nomifensine (3 microM), the potency of the agonist quinpirole in inhibiting the release of [3H]-dopamine elicited by field stimulation at 1 Hz (180 pulses) was decreased. In contrast, the potency of S-sulpiride in enhancing the evoked release of [3H]-dopamine was increased when nomifensine was present in the superfusion medium. Picomolar concentrations of the hormone melatonin (0.1-10 nM) inhibited the calcium-dependent release of [3H]-dopamine from rabbit retina with the same potency regardless of the frequency of stimulation applied (1 Hz, 3 Hz or 6 Hz). The potency of D2-dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists in modifying [3H]-dopamine release from rabbit retina appears to depend on the synaptic concentration of dopamine which is altered by the frequency of stimulation, and by the dopamine uptake inhibitor nomifensine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Cardiac complications after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Abstract Background Cardiac complications are frequently encountered by neurointensivists caring for patients with SAH. Our aim was to better characterize the natural history of various cardiac abnormalities in this population. We sought to determine the risk factors for cardiac abnormalities, patient outcome, and impact of treatment type on cardiac abnormalities. Methods We performed a single center retrospective review of admissions of patients with aneurysmal SAH to the neurosurgical ICU in a large university hospital. Patient demographics, pertinent history, cardiac tests, hospital LOS, intervention type, and discharge outcome were collected. Results Data from 266 patients were available for analysis. Of these patients, 50% (n = 133) demonstrated cardiac abnormalities as indicated by abnormal EKG, ECHO, or troponin I. Only age was determined to be an independent statistically significant predictor of cardiac abnormality ( P = .01). There was no difference in mortality between the cardiac abnormality and control groups ( P = .33). However, there was increased morbidity in the cardiac abnormality group as demonstrated by worse discharge disposition, in addition to increased length of hospital stay (22.6 vs 17.1 days, P Conclusions Cardiac abnormalities, including those that meet ACC criteria for MI, are common among patients with SAH. However, in contrast to cardiac events outside the context of SAH, these abnormalities do not increase mortality. They do, however, adversely affect discharge disposition and prolong hospital LOS. The type of aneurysm treatment does not affect the incidence or outcome of cardiac abnormalities.
Handheld simultaneous scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography system

Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are widely used retinal imaging modalities that can assist in the diagnosis of retinal pathologies. The combination of SLO and OCT provides a more comprehensive imaging system and a method to register OCT images to produce motion corrected retinal volumes. While high quality, bench-top SLO-OCT systems have been discussed in the literature and are available commercially, there are currently no handheld designs. We describe the first design and fabrication of a handheld SLO/spectral domain OCT probe. SLO and OCT images were acquired simultaneously with a combined power under the ANSI limit. High signal-to-noise ratio SLO and OCT images were acquired simultaneously from a normal subject with visible motion artifacts. Fully automated motion estimation methods were performed in post-processing to correct for the inter- and intra-frame motion in SLO images and their concurrently acquired OCT volumes. The resulting set of reconstructed SLO images and the OCT volume were without visible motion artifacts. At a reduced field of view, the SLO resolved parafoveal cones without adaptive optics at a retinal eccentricity of 11° in subjects with good ocular optics. This system may be especially useful for imaging young children and subjects with less stable fixation.
Prospects for clinically relevant epigenetic tests in the andrology laboratory.

Additional systematic studies will be critical in defining the normal sperm epigenome. In addition, studies to assess the degree of epigenetic heterogeneity in sperm from a single collection are critical, as essentially all studies to date report average methylation for the entire sperm population. Lastly, characterization of the persistence of altered sperm epigenetic marks following fertilization is critical in order to predict the potential impact of altered sperm DNA methylation on offspring health. Analysis of the epigenetic status of sperm may well prove to be be a valuable diagnostic tool for male infertility, and it will certainly lend new insights into the mechanisms for transgenerational epigenetic inheritance; but in order for the field to reach its full potential, careful and thoughtful studies are needed to fully characterize the normal sperm epigenome, then assays to predict epigenetic abnormalities in sperm must be preceded by large-scale, repeatable validation studies. Until such studies are completed, the clinical utility of sperm epigenetic assays remains a hypothesis.
Influence of a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis on various developmental stages of the cabbage looper

Abstract When the relationship of infections with a cytoplasmic-polyhedrosis virus and the larval, pupal, and adult stages of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, were studied, the mortality of first-instar larvae was comparatively high and that of fourth-instar larvae was comparatively low. Also, infected larvae pupated as much as 5 days later than healthy larvae, and the pupal weight was lower. This decrease in weight was related to the time of pupation, the number of white fecal pellets excreted by a larva before pupation, the decreased rate of emergence, and the moth deformities. The importance of these effects in regards to prophylactic measures for rearing large numbers of insects is discussed.
Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars

Background Keloids and hypertrophic scars are benign fibrous growths which usually occur after trauma in predisposed individuals. Their etiology, clinical manifestations and treatment are diverse. Objective The purpose of this article is to review the pertinent literature concerning keloids and hypertrophic scars as well as present my own perspective on the subject. It is my hope that the information contained herein will help both the dermatologist and dermatologic surgeon better understand and manage these vexing lesions. Methods Medline literature search as well as original material. Results There is no one right way to treat all keloids and hypertrophic scars. Treatment results have been variable. Conclusion The management of keloids and hypertrophic scars can be difficult and frustrating for both patient and physician. A better understanding of keloid pathogenesis may lead to improved therapies by which keloid growth and regrowth may be obviated.
Enzymatic mechanism of human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease against a THF AP site model substrate.

The endonucleolytic activity of human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (AP endo) is a major factor in the maintenance of the integrity of the human genome. There are estimates that this enzyme is responsible for eliminating as many as 105 potentially mutagenic and genotoxic lesions from the genome of each cell every day. Furthermore, inhibition of AP endonuclease may be effective in decreasing the dose requirements of chemotherapeutics used in the treatment of cancer as well as other diseases. Therefore, it is essential to accurately and directly characterize the enzymatic mechanism of AP endo. Here we describe specifically designed double-stranded DNA oligomers containing tetrahydrofuran (THF) with a 5′-phosphorothioate linkage as the abasic site substrate. Using H218O during the cleavage reaction and leveraging the stereochemical preferences of AP endo and T4 DNA ligase for phosphorothioate substrates, we show that AP endo acts by a one-step associative phosphoryl transfer mechanism on a THF-containin...
Preliminary Report on the Culture of the Stone Crab

Mass-culture experiments of stone crab (Menippe mercenaria) were successfully performed in 1970. Ovigerous female stone crabs were obtained from traps set in Biscayne Bay, Miami, Florida. The females were held separately in indoor aquaria. A maximum of 10 ovipositions (spawnings) within one inter-molt phase were observed for a single female over a 120-day period. During this period, the embryonic duration of the eggs was approximately 10 days at temperatures of 29 to 30 C, and the period between larval hatching and the female's next oviposition was 2 to 3 days. The duration of the larval period (five zoeal stages and one megalopal stage) was 14 days at temperatures ranging between 30.5 and 32.0 C, with salinity in excess of 30 ppt; 18 days were required at temperatures ranging from 28.0 to 30.0 C in the same salinity range. The time requirements in mass culture were found to be greatly reduced compared with individual compartment culture methods, which normally would take 20 to 21 days. Experiments using two different filtered seawater media were performed. In one, seawater was filtered through a 165 μ mesh screen; in the second seawater was filtered through a fine dacron wool filter. Results were similar. Initial larval culture media was stabilized by adding Chlorella to the culture seawater. The early zoeae were fed with separately cultured rotifers (Branchionus plicatilis) and Artemia nauplii. Only Artemia nauplii were provided for the late zoeal stages. The food for megalopae and juveniles was chopped fish and squid. To reduce cannibalism in the megalopal stages a screen-ring was installed. This screen also provided a good substratum for settling. The maximum young crab yield was about 360 second-stage crabs in a 200 1 plastic container, and 960 second-stage crabs in a 600 1 capacity wooden tank. The best survival rate from hatching to the first crab stage was about 9%. Mortality occurred primarily in the magalopal stage. A promising future for stone crab culture is indicated from the growth rates obtained beyond the juvenile crab stage. Individuals reared separately in the indoor aquaria showed rapid growth. The most rapidly growing individual reached a carapace length of 9.1 cm and a weight of 236 g in 7 months from hatching. Approximately 10 molts are required to reach this size from the first crab stage. The color pattern of the cultured crab was noticeably different from that found in nature.
The effects of steroid withdrawal on the lipoprotein profiles of cyclosporine-treated kidney and kidney-pancreas transplant recipients

Lipoprotein profiles were measured before and two months after complete withdrawal of prednisone in 34 kidney and 9 kidney-pancreas transplant recipients subsequently maintained on cyclosporine and azathioprine. Withdrawal of steroid therapy was accompanied by a 17% reduction in total serum cholesterol levels. However, there was a parallel reduction in all other measured lipoprotein concentrations, including an 18% reduction in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. In diabetic recipients of a kidney or kidney-pancreas transplant, the ratio of total to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was unchanged after steroid withdrawal. In nondiabetic kidney transplant recipients, this ratio actually increased significantly following withdrawal of prednisone. These observations suggest that it is premature to presume that withdrawal of steroid therapy will reduce the cardiovascular risk related to hyperlipidemia in cyclosporine-treated kidney or kidney-pancreas transplant recipients.
Tyrosine hydroxylase activation in mesocortical 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine neurons following footshock.

: Mild electric footshock resulted in activation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in prefrontal cortex of mice and rats. In mice, the activation was also observed following restraint. Shock-evoked activation of prefrontal cortex TH was characterized by a decrease of apparent Km for the pterin cofactor 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin and an increase of Vmax. Activation of prefrontal cortical TH was also demonstrated in vitro following preincubation under conditions that activate cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Treatment of mice with the noradrenergic neurotoxin N-2-chloroethyl-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP-4) caused a 70% decrease in pre frontal cortex norepinephrine levels but had no significant effect on the activity of TH in that brain region. Footshock resulted in the activation of prefrontal cortex TH of DSP-4-treated mice, suggesting that shock-evoked activation of the enzyme occurs in terminals of mesocortical 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine neurons.
Uncertainty of growth of cell populations in cancer

Abstract Uncertainty regarding size of cell population and rate of cell duplication is taken into account in a model which describes quantitatively the experimental induction of cancer by ultraviolet radiation. Quantitative relationships indicate that overall cell population growth is governed by feedback control of metabolite supply. Application of the model to other kinds of carcinogen, design of experiments, and implications regarding cancer mechanisms are considered.
EXPERIMENTS ON ANAPHYLAXIS TO AZOPROTEINS : THIRD PAPER.

Experiments with azoproteins containing stereo-chemical isomeric groups of d- and l-tartaric acid showed well marked specificity of the anaphylactic reaction to these antigens, in conformity with the results of precipitin tests. Shock in these animals could be prevented by injection of azodye containing the specific groups. This phenomenon is ascribed to a desensitization.
An Investigation of Female/Male Verbal Behaviors in Same-Sex and Mixed-Sex Conversations.

This paper examines 11 variables commonly believed to discriminate between the verbal behavior of males and females. The analysis uses the Kraemer‐Jacklin (1979) statistic to isolate and test the effects of sex of subject, sex of partner, and their interaction while controlling for between partner correlation. Results indicate that women use more justifiers, intensifiers and agreement whereas men exhibit more vocalized pauses. Men also receive more vocalized pauses. The conversations of mixed‐sex dyads contained more overlaps and, marginally, more interruptions than conversations of same‐sex dyads. However, interruptions and overlaps were not performed more frequently by men (or women).
A new approach for determining the spectral data of multichannel harmonic signals in noise

In this paper we present a new recursive procedure for identifying both the frequencies and amplitude matrices corresponding to a multichannel harmonic signal in additive correlated noise. The procedure follows from a complete characterization of the eigenstructure of the adjoint operator of the Naimark dilation for the observation correlation sequence.
Nucleotide sequence and distribution of the pepPN gene from Lactobacillus helveticus CNRZ32.

Abstract The Lactobacillus helveticus CNRZ32 gene encoding a di-/tri- peptidase with prolinase activity ( pep PN) was sequenced. An open reading frame of 912 base pairs was identified corresponding to a peptide with a molecular mass of 35.04 kDa. Southern hybridization indicated that the gene sequence is well conserved in strains of lactobacilli and pediococci.
Mechanisms of toxicity and cellular resistance to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium in adrenomedullary chromaffin cell cultures.

: Bovine adrenomedullary chromaffin (BAMC) cells, cultured in a defined medium, were used to study the mechanisms of toxicity and cellular resistance to the catecholamine neuron toxicants 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). The viability of the cells was assessed biochemically [cellular catecholamine content and the catalytic activities of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)] and anatomically (by electron microscopy). When cultures of BAMC cells were exposed to MPTP or MPP+ for 3 days, a marked loss of cellular catecholamines and TH activity was observed. The addition of an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) B (Ro 19–6327), but not MAO A (clorgyline), prevented the toxicity of MPTP but not that of MPP+. In addition, the cellular toxicity of MPP+, but not MPTP, was antagonized by desmethylimipramine, an inhibitor of cellular catecholamine uptake. The toxicity of MPP+ was time dependent, with losses of TH and the release of cellular LDH occurring after 48 h in culture. Catecholamine depletion occurred somewhat sooner, being evident after 24 h of exposure to MPP+. The cellular toxicity of MPP+ was concentration dependent and significantly enhanced by inhibitors of catecholamine vesicular uptake (reserpine, tetrabenazine, or Ro 4–1284). Electron microscopic examination of cells treated with either MPP+, tetrabenazine, or their combination revealed that MPP+ damaged BAMC cells and that this damage was markedly potentiated by the inhibition of vesicular uptake by tetrabenazine. The concentration of glucose in the culture media of untreated cells slowly decreased as a function of time. The rate of glucose consumption was markedly accelerated by MPP+ treatment and the losses in cell TH and the release of LDH into the media were preceded by a 99% depletion of glucose from the media. In cultures not treated with MPP+, lactate accumulated in the media as a function of time. Addition of MPP+ to the media increased the formation of lactate, in a concentration-dependent manner. Reserpine pretreatment further enhanced the production of lactate in response to MPP+. Culturing cells in glucose-free medium greatly potentiated the effects of MPP+ on cellular TH and catecholamines. The toxicity observed after 3 days’exposure of BAMC cells to MPP+ could be prevented when the medium was replaced with fresh medium every 24 h. The effects of glucose deprivation and reserpine were observed to be additive. The ability of MPP+ to affect mitochondrial function is determined by the capacity of the storage vesicle to sequester the pyridinium, acting as a cytosolic “buffer.”Furthermore, under conditions where MPP+ impairs mitochondrial respiration, cells survive by increasing their reliance on glycolytic metabolism.
DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF METAL TO COMPOSITE CONNECTIONS USING ORTHOGONAL ARRAYS

The performance of a composite structure is often strongly dependent on the connection between a composite component and a metallic end fitting. These connections have traditionally been made by bonding, pinning, or riveting the fitting in place. The en..