cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A change in fault-plane orientation between foreshocks and aftershocks of the Galway Lake earthquake, ML = 5.2, 1975, Mojave desert, California

Abstract A marked change is observed in P / SV amplitude ratios, measured at station TPC, from foreshocks to aftershocks of the Galway Lake earthquake. This change is interpreted to be the result of a change in fault-plane orientation occurring between foreshocks and aftershocks. The Galway Lake earthquake, M L = 5.2, occurred on June 1, 1975. The first-motion fault-plane solutions for the main shock and most foreshocks and aftershocks indicate chiefly right-lateral strike-slip on NNW-striking planes that dip steeply, 70–90°, to the WSW. The main event was preceded by nine located foreshocks, ranging in magnitude from 1.9 to 3.4, over a period of 12 weeks, starting on March 9, 1975. All of the foreshocks form a tight cluster approximately 1 km in diameter. This cluster includes the main shock. Aftershocks are distributed over a 6-km-long fault zone, but only those that occurred inside the foreshock cluster are used in this study. Seismograms recorded at TPC ( Δ = 61 km ), PEC ( Δ = 93 km ), and CSP ( Δ = 83 km ) are the data used here. The seismograms recorded at TPC show very consistent P / SV amplitude ratios for foreshocks. For aftershocks the P / SV ratios are scattered, but generally quite different from foreshock ratios. Most of the scatter for the aftershocks is confined to the two days following the main shock. Thereafter, however, the P / SV ratios are consistently half as large as for foreshocks. More subtle (and questionable) changes in the P / SV ratios are observed at PEC and CSP. Using theoretical P / SV amplitude ratios, one can reproduce the observations at TPC, PEC and CSP by invoking a 5–12° counterclockwise change in fault strike between foreshocks and aftershocks. This interpretation is not unique, but it fits the data better than invoking, for example, changes in dip or slip angle. First-motion data cannot resolve this small change, but they permit it. Attenuation changes would appear to be ruled out by the fact that changes in the amplitude ratios, P TPC / P PEC and p tpc / p csp , are observed, and these changes accompany the changes in P / SV . Observations for the Galway Lake earthquake are similar to observations for the Oroville, California, earthquake ( M L = 5.7) of August 1, 1975, and the Brianes Hills, California, earthquake ( M L = 4.3) of January 8, 1977 (Lindh et al., Science Vol. 201, pp. 56–59). A change in fault-plane orientation between foreshocks and aftershocks may be understandable in terms of early en-echelon cracking (foreshocks) giving way to shear on the main fault plane (main shock plus aftershocks). Recent laboratory data (Byerlee et al., Tectonophysics, Vol. 44, pp. 161–171) tend to support this view.
Continuous heavy medium recovery by high gradient magnetic separation (HGMS)

Fine magnetite in water, used as a heavy medium for cleaning fine coal in cyclones is recovered for recycling by magnetic separation. HGMS has been introduced to this application of magnetic separators to improve magnetite recovery, increase material throughput rates and reduce plant space and flow sheet complexity. A continuous separator would be required when the feed slurry is dense and when matrix loading occurs quickly. Following laboratory batch separations, a test program was conducted on a 1.85 m diameter carousel continuous separator. The results were in close correspondence to the earlier batch work demonstrating that high magnetite recoveries are possible at high flow rates along with minimal coal retention in the magnetics.
Panel 2: In the Eye of the Beholder: The Role of Perception in Scientific Visualization

The evolution of computational science over the last decade has resulted in a dramatic increase in raw problem solving capabilities. This growth has given rise to advances in scientific and engineering simulations that have put a high demand on tools for high-performance large-scale data exploration and analysis. These simulations have the potential to generate large amounts of data. Humans, however are relatively poor at gaining insight from raw numerical data, and as a result, have used visualization as a tool for understanding, interpreting and exploring data of all types and sizes. Allowing for efficient visual explorations of data, however, requires that the ratio of knowledge gained versus the cost of the visualization be maximized. This, in turn, mandates the integration of principles from human perception. Understanding perception as it relates to visualization requires that we understand not only the biology of the human visual system, but principles from vision theory, and perceptual psychology as well. This panel is the result of bringing together practioners and researchers from a broad spectrum of interests relating to the ability to maximize the amount of information that is effectively perceived from a given visualization. Position statements will be given by researchers interested in perceptual psychology and the perception of natural images, integrating art and design principles, non-photorealistic rendering techniques, and the use of global illumination methods to provide benefical perceptual cues.
Structural mechanism for H+ ion conductivity in HUP

Abstract Hydrogen uranyl phosphate tetrahydrate, HUO 2 PO 4 ·4H 2 O (HUP), has been examined by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The structural results suggest a hydrogen bonding network which favors the high H + ionic conductivity observed in this solid electrolyte material.
Differential repair of premutational UV-lesions at tRNA genes in E. coli.

Ultraviolet radiation produces bacterial revertants that frequently are the result of suppressor mutation. When irradiated cells are incubated under conditions unfavorable for protein synthesis there may be a large decrease in the frequency of observed mutants (“mutation frequency decline”, or MFD). MFD occurs only in excision-proficient strains and is inhibited by inhibitors of pyrimidine dimer excision. It has therefore been interpreted as enhanced excision of some premutational lesions. Potential de novo UAG suppressor mutation is very susceptible to MFD. Potential conversion mutation, the conversion of a UAG to a UAA suppressor, is at least ten times less susceptible to MFD. A base pair transition at a GC target in a particular tRNA gene is suggested for both de novo suppressor mutation and for conversion mutation. We interpret these results as indicating differential repair of premutational UV photoproducts at two closely spaced sites in the same tRNA gene. The significant difference between these two types of mutation may be the orientation of this target base pair in double helical DNA. The C would be in the transcribed strand of DNA when a nucleic acid alteration produces de novo suppressor mutation. The C would be in the nontranscribed strand, two base pairs removed, when a mutagenic alteration produces suppressor conversion. A model involving facilitated incision by hybridization of the transcribed strand of DNA to its cognate tRNA, under conditions promoting MFD, is described to explain this differential repair.
Validation of a new UNIX-based quantitative coronary angiographic system for the measurement of coronary artery lesions.

We describe a method of validation of computerized quantitative coronary arteriography and report the results of a new UNIX-based quantitative coronary arteriography software program developed for rapid on-line (digital) and off-line (digital or cinefilm) analysis. The UNIX operating system is widely available in computer systems using very fast processors and has excellent graphics capabilities. The system is potentially compatible with any cardiac digital x-ray system for on-line analysis and has been designed to incorporate an integrated database, have on-line and immediate recall capabilities, and provide digital access to all data. The accuracy (mean signed differences of the observed minus the true dimensions) and precision (pooled standard deviations of the measurements) of the program were determined x-ray vessel phantoms. Intra- and interobserver variabilities were assessed from in vivo studies during routine clinical coronary arteriography. Precision from the x-ray phantom studies (6-In. field of view) for digital images was 0.066 mm and for digitized cine images was 0.060 mm. Accuracy was 0.076 mm (overestimation) for digital images compared to 0.008 mm for digitized cine images. Diagnostic coronary catheters were also used for calibration; accuracy.varied according to size of catheter and whether or not they were filled with iodinated contrast. Intra- and interobserver variabilities were excellent and indicated that coronary lesion measurements were relatively user-independent. Thus, this easy to use and very fast UNIX based program appears to be robust with optimal accuracy and precision for clinical and research applications.
Adipose tissue depot and cell size dependency of adiponectin synthesis and secretion in human obesity

Adiponectin is an insulin sensitizing fat cell (FC) hormone whose levels are related to adipose tissue (AT) mass and depot distribution. We hypothesized that the nature of AT expansion (hypertrophy...
The impact of regulation on bank equity infusions

Abstract This article examines the extent to which regulatory capital standards influence infusions of external equity into commercial banks. While such infusions occur infrequently, they result in large adjustments to overall bank capital and provide important signals to regulators of managerial intent. Using a sample of 753 equity capital issues occurring during 1986 and 1987, we find evidence that regulatory minimum capital constraints are instrumental in influencing the financing decisions made by a significant subset of banks.
5-OXOPROLINURIA /PYROGLUTAMIC ACIDURIA/ AN INBORN ERROR OF GLUTATHIONE METABOLISM

Two siblings suffering from metabolic acidosis and hemolytic anemia excreted gram quantities of 5-oxoproline in the urine. In erythrocytes, cultured fibroblasts and placenta the levels of glutathione were markedly decreased. The same tissues contained decreased activity of glutathione synthetase, whereas the activities of other enzymes involved in the metabolism of glutathione were normal. Extracts of erythrocytes from the patients and control subjects catalyzed the synthesis of 5-oxoproline from glutamate, provided ATP, Mg ions and cysteine were added. This occurred in two steps: gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase catalyzed the formation of gamma-glutamyl-cysteine, which was converted to 5-oxoproline and cysteine by gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase. Reduced glutathione specifically inhibited gamma-glutamyl-cysteine syuthetase. The following molecular mechanism for 5-oxoprolinuria is proposed: The lack of glutathione synthetase leads to a deficiency of glutathione. The absence of this feedback inhibitor results in increased synthesis of gamma-glutamyl-cysteine which is converted to 5-oxoproline /and cysteine/. The overproduction of 5-oxoproline exceeds the capacity of the 5-oxoprolinase. Therefore 5-oxoproline accumulates in body fluids.
Occurrences of Silicoflagellates from Central North Pacific Cores: ABSTRACT

Silicoflagellates are siliceous marine planktonic microorganisms which have never been a significant contributor to pelagic sediments. Consequently only limited investigations have been made on these microorganic remains from the deep-sea deposits of the world. Eleven taxa and one new species of silicoflagellates were recovered from the central North Pacific cores collected above the RV Thomas G. Thompson in 1968. The lower lithologic unit of a gravity core, TT28-25, was assigned a Miocene age after careful comparison of previous worldwide records. This is the first time that such a Miocene assemblage has been recognized from mid-latitude North Pacific sediments. From other cores, Quaternary assemblages were noted, including a limited occurrence of Mesocena cf. elliptica. The most recent extinction of this species seems to coincide with the last appearances of Dictyocha cf. ausonia and a proposed new species, D. subarctios. Their stratigraphic distribution was examined critically in connection with the results of paleomagnetic-reversal recor s and data on other microfossils from the area. It is suggested that silicoflagellates could become a useful tool for deep-sea biostratigraphy in the middle latitudes of the North Pacific Ocean. End_of_Article - Last_Page 558------------
Structure and function of gC1q-R: a multiligand binding cellular protein.

gClq-R is a 33 kDa, single chain, highly acidic protein, which was first isolated from membrane preparation of Raji cells and now appears to be ubiquitously distributed. Although, gClq-R was originally identified as a protein which binds to the globular «heads» of C1q, recent evidence suggests that the molecule is in fact a multiligand binding, multifunctional protein with affinity for diverse ligands which at best are functionally related. These molecules include: thrombin, vitronectin, and high molecular weight kininogen. The gC1q-R molecule, which is identical to the transcription factors SF2 and the Tat-associated protein, or TAP, is the product of a single gene localized on chromosome 17p13.3 in human, and chromosome 11 in mouse, and is encoded by an approximately 1.5-1.6 kb mRNA. The full length cDNA encodes a primary translation protein of 282 residues and the ‘mature’ or membrane form of the protein isolated from Raji cells corresponds to residues 74-282 and is presumed to be generated by a site-specific cleavage and removal of the highly basic, 73-residues long, N-terminal segment during post-translational processing. The translated amino acid sequence does not predict for the presence of aconventionalsequence motif compatible with a transmembrane segment and does not have a consensus site for a GPI anchor. However, there is strong evidence which indicates that gC1q-R is expressed both inside the cell and on the membrane. First, certain mAbs raised against gC1q-R react moderately with intact Raji cells in suspension and this binding increases when the cells are first bound to poly-L-lysine coated surfaces and then fixed with glutaraldehyde. Second, surface labeling of cells using the membrane impermeable sulfo-NHS-LC-biotin shows that gC1q-R on the surface incorporates biotin whereas intracellular gClq-R does not. In addition, the membrane expression of gC1q-R can be upregulated with inflammatory cytokines such as INF-γ, TNF-α, or LPS. These results suggest, that gC1q-R, is localized both as an intracellular and as a cell surface protein and may have important biological functions in both compartments of the cell.
Dual-Carrier High-Gain Low-Noise Superlattice Avalanche Photodiodes

In this paper, novel avalanche photodiode structures with alternate carrier multiplication nanometer regions, placed next to a wider electron multiplication region, to create dual-carrier feedback systems, are proposed. Gain and excess noise factor of these structures are calculated based on the dead space multiplication theory under uniform electric field. In addition, the equivalent impact ionization ratios are derived and compared. It is observed that the proposed structures can generate much higher gain compared with conventional pure electron multiplication structures under the same electric field without severely degrading the excess noise quality. Excess noise is further optimized with careful adjustment of thin multiplication regions' thicknesses. These high-gain structures can operate under low-bias (<; 5 V) conditions, making it possible to integrate infrared avalanche photodiodes (APDs) directly into silicon read-out circuits. In this paper, type-II mid-wavelength infrared InAs/GaSb strained layer superlattice is used for simulation. However, the concept of dual-carrier APDs, with carrier feedback to generate high gain and control of excess noise through confining impact ionization in thin layers, is general and can also be applied to other wavelength APDs with different materials and thicknesses. Type II InAs/GaSb strain layer superlattice allows for versatile band structure design leading to impact ionization coefficient engineering.
Certification of Managers: Upgrading the Casino Industry

The history of gambling has been tainted by social problems. However in this decade, the industry has managed to change its image. More than half of the American population believes that gaming is a form of recreation. As a result, casino jobs have rapidly escalated. However, traditional training methods have not been able to keep up with the growth. This paper examines the history of American gaming and the need for a National Gaming Management Certification. Then it explores other professional associations certifications to compare the success factors in terms of the characteristics of certifications and the minimum requirements that have been suggested from the literature. From this discussion, the feasibility for a national gaming management certification is explored.
"True" traumatic aneurysm of the intracranial internal carotid artery: case report.

This paper reports a case of a true aneurysm of the intracranial internal carotid artery that occurred after a closed head injury. The probable etiology of this unusual lesion is discussed in respect to other partial and complete vessel wall injuries. The diagnosis of a traumatic aneurysm must be suspected when a delayed intracranial hemorrhage occurs after a head injury. The treatment of most intracranial aneurysms should be early, direct operation. Traumatic aneurysms of the internal carotid artery, however, are uniquely treacherous, and they may warrant an indirect approach when discovered soon after injury.
An inverse problem for Toeplitz matrices and the synthesis of discrete transmission lines

Abstract Let A m be a positive definite, m x m , Toeplitz matrix. Let A k be its k x k principal minor (for any k ⩽ m ), which is also positive definite and Toeplitz. Define the central mass sequence {ϱ 1 ,…,ϱ m } by ϱ k = sup{ϱ: A k − ϱΠ k > 0}, in which Π k is the k x k matrix of all 1's. We show how knowledge of the sequence {ϱ k } is equivalent to knowledge of the matrix A m . This result has application to the direct and inverse problems for a transmission line which consists of piecewise constant components. Knowing the impulse response of the transmission line, we can calculate the capacitance taper of the line, and vice versa.
ON MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP IN JEWISH SCHOOL PRINCIPALSHIP

*The author is grateful to Drs. Chanan Alexander, Gail Dorph and David Ackerman for their help and suggestions. The responsibility for the content in this article is the author's alone.
102 ESTIMATION OF SYSTOLIC PRESSURE DIFFERENCE IN AORTIC AND PULMONARY STENOTIC LESIONS BY CONTINUOUS WAVE DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

102 ESTIMATION OF SYSTOLIC PRESSURE DIFFERENCE IN AORTIC AND PULMONARY STENOTIC LESIONS BY CONTINUOUS WAVE DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Resistance and conductance in structured Zermelo tournaments

The mathematical model that Zermelo developed for ranking by paired comparisons and that was later popularized by Bradley and Terry has several attractive theoretical properties, but computation of the associated ratings may involve solution of a system of several high-degree polynomial equations in several variables. This paper describes how to define quantities analogous to electrical resistance and conductance for certain generalized tournaments in such a way that these quantities are well-behaved with respect to certain types of decomposition of tournaments and permit comparison of the ratings of pairs of nodes. Application of this theory is illustrated through consideration of specific examples.
Estimation of Pollutant Load Using Genetic-algorithm and Regression Model

Received: 22 January 2014 / Revised: 5 February 2014 / Accepted: 7 February 2014 Copyright c 2014 The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A series of C3-symmetric heterobimetallic Cr‒M (M = Fe, Co and Cu) complexes

A series of tris(phosphinoamide) heterobimetallic Cr–M (M = Fe, Co and Cu) complexes has been investigated in an effort to probe and contribute to the understanding of the electronic structure and metal–metal bonding in heterobimetallic complexes of the first row transition metals. The chromium tris(phosphinoamide), [Cr(iPrNPPh2)3] (1), is a useful isolable precursor and can be treated with MI2 under reducing conditions to form [Cr(iPrNPPh2)3M–I] (M = Fe (2), Co (3)). Both of these complexes can be reduced by one electron to generate [Cr(iPrNPPh2)3M–PMe3] (M = Fe (4), Co (5)). The Cr–Cu complex [Cr(iPrNPPh2)3Cu–I] (6) has also been synthesized for comparison. The solid state structures of 2–6 have been determined crystallographically, revealing relatively short metal–metal interatomic distances. Mossbauer spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and computational methods have been used to evaluate the electronic structure and metal–metal interactions in these unique bimetallic complexes in an effort to uncover the underlying factors that affect metal–metal bonding between elements of the first row transition series.
The effects of PEDF on cancer biology: mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential

The potent actions of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) on tumour-associated cells, and its extracellular localization and secretion, stimulated research on this multifunctional serpin. Such studies have identified several PEDF receptors and downstream signalling pathways. Known cellular PEDF responses have expanded from the initial discovery that PEDF induces retinoblastoma cell differentiation to its anti-angiogenic, antitumorigenic and antimetastatic properties. Although the diversity of PEDF activities seems to be complex, they are consistent with the varied mechanisms that regulate this multimodal factor. If PEDF is to be used for cancer management, a deeper appreciation of its many functions and mechanisms of action is needed.
Identification of Sequence Variants and Analysis of the Role of the Catechol-O-Methyl-Transferase Gene in Schizophrenia Susceptibility

Abstract Background: Deletions of 1.5–2 MB of chromosome 22q11 have been previously associated with schizophrenia. The deleted region includes proximally the region harboring genes involved in DiGeorge and velocardiofacial syndromes. Distally, it includes the gene for catechol- O -methyl-transferase (COMT), an enzyme that catalyzes the O -methylation of catecholamine neurotransmitters, including dopamine, and which therefore is considered a candidate gene for schizophrenia. Methods: We address the issue of a direct involvement of the COMT gene in the development of schizophrenia by employing the first extensive mutational analysis of this gene in a sample of 157 schizophrenia patients and 129 healthy controls, using single-strand conformation polymorphism and chemical cleavage methodologies. Results: No mutations were found, but several sequence variants were identified, including the genetic polymorphism that underlies the high/low activity of the enzyme (a Val 158 → Met change, which results in the creation of an Nla III restriction site in the low-activity allele). The distribution of the Nla III genotypes among subsets of schizophrenia patients was analyzed. Conclusions: The results presented here argue against a major role of COMT in schizophrenia in general (although a minor effect could not be excluded) and represent a first step toward a more refined delineation of the phenotype/genotype relationship between 22q11 microdeletions and schizophrenia susceptibility.
The association of depression and perceived stress with beta cell function between African and Haitian Americans with and without type 2 diabetes

Background: Diabetes and diabetes-related complications are major causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Depressive symptoms and perceived stress have been identified as possible risk factors for beta cell dysfunction and diabetes. The purpose of this study was to assess associations between depression symptoms and perceived stress with beta cell function between African and Haitian Americans with and without type 2 diabetes. Participants and Methods: Informed consent and data were available for 462 participants (231 African Americans and 231 Haitian Americans) for this cross-sectional study. A demographic questionnaire developed by the Primary Investigator was used to collect information regarding age, gender, smoking, and ethnicity. Diabetes status was determined by self-report and confirmed by fasting blood glucose. Anthropometrics (weight, and height and waist circumference) and vital signs (blood pressure) were taken. Blood samples were drawn after 8 - 10 hours over-night fasting to measure lipid panel, fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations. The homeostatic model assessment, version 2 (HOMA2) computer model was used to calculate beta cell function. Depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and stress levels were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Results: Moderate to severe depressive symptoms were more likely for persons with diabetes (p = 0.030). There were no differences in perceived stress between ethnicity and diabetes status (p = 0.283). General linear models for participants with and without type 2 diabetes using beta cell function as the dependent variable showed no association with depressive symptoms and perceived stress; however, Haitian Americans had significantly lower beta cell function than African Americans both with and without diabetes and adjusting for age, gender, waist circumference and smoking. Further research is needed to compare these risk factors in other race/ethnic groups.
Managerial Fads and Fashions: The Diffusion and Rejection of Innovations

Reviews indicate that the dominant perspective in the diffusion of innovation literature contains proinnovation biases which suggest that innovations and the diffusion of innovations will benefit adopters. As a result, it is difficult to either address or begin answering the questions: when and how do technically inefficient innovations diffuse? or when and how are technically efficient innovations rejected? This article has two goals: (1) to develop a typology that focuses attention on three less dominant perspectives that can be used to guide research on these questions and (2) to suggest how organizational scientists can develop more encompassing theories of innovation diffusion and rejection by using the theoretical tensions that exist between the dominant perspective and the three perspectives developed in this article. These resolutions are important because they indicate that processes which prompt the adoption of efficient innovations may coexist with processes that prompt the adoption of ineffici...
A kinetic mechanism for predicting secondary organic aerosol formation from toluene oxidation in the presence of NOx and natural sunlight

Abstract A kinetic mechanism to predict secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the photo-oxidation of toluene was developed. Aerosol phase chemistry that includes nucleation, gas–particle partitioning and particle-phase reactions as well as the gas-phase chemistry of toluene and its degradation products were represented. The mechanism was evaluated against experimental data obtained from the University of North Carolina (UNC) 270 m3 dual outdoor aerosol smog chamber facility. The model adequately simulates the decay of toluene, the nitric oxide (NO) to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) conversion and ozone formation. It also provides a reasonable prediction of SOA production under different conditions that range from 15 to 300 μg m−3. Speciation of simulated aerosol material shows that up to 70% of the aerosol mass comes from oligomers and polymers depending on initial reactant concentrations. The dominant particle-phase species predicted by the mechanism are glyoxal oligomers, ketene oligomers from the photolysis of the toluene OH reaction product 2-methyl-2,4-hexadienedial, organic nitrates, methyl nitro-phenol analogues, C7 organic peroxides, acylperoxy nitrates and for the low-concentration experiments, unsaturated hydroxy nitro acids.
Bounded Identities: Women and Religion in Colonial Brazil, 1550–1750

Abstract This article examines the creation of women’s gender identity in the religious discourse of colonial Brazil and documents the creation of two separate norms—one for elite women and another for slave, lower-class, and mixed-race women. The Roman Catholic Church, closely linked with the Portuguese monarchic state and its colonial ambitions, transmitted both norms in religious guidebooks, missionary letters and sermons. This summary centers on the defining role for women in marriage, and indicates that the epoch of colonial Brazil is particularly important for feminist study. With the increasingly disparate perspectives on women from Late Antiquity, the Humanists, and Counter-Reformation theologians, this early modern era saw conflicted discourse concerning traditional gender roles.
Ocean energy: forms and prospects

The nature and distribution of power sources of the sea other than petroleum are discussed, along with possible entrees for their use. Waves, tides, currents, and salinity and temperature gradients all have the potential to contribute useful power. Submarine geothermal sources, salt domes, ice, and other marine-associated concentrations may be more important. There are opportunities to employ these marine power resources directly rather than for contributions to power grids or power-intensive products. Ancillary employment of the seawater as a coolant and of the sediments below the seabed for the disposal of nuclear wastes may be even more important uses than employment of the power that the sea contains.
Cultural Hauntings: Girlhood Fictions From Working-Poor America

This narrative study chronicles the history of an ethnographic and pedagogical project focused on fourth-grade girls growing up in a working-poor, predominately White community. Central to the project were questions about how language practices are situated in the textures of girls’ lives and become refracted dimensions of voice and identity. The article focuses on the layered meanings of horror fictions. It explores links between girls’ fascination with series horror paperbacks and popular culture influences, moves into the realm of cultural meanings of haunting and horror fiction as it explores community discourses about the supernatural, and examines the psychological meanings of horror fictions and their relationship to the lived experiences of individual girls. Literary readings of the layered meanings of horror fiction for girls growing up in working-poor America are connected to arguments about creating pedagogical practices answerable to the complexity of living, speaking, and reading between worl...
Multiple transitions in a dimethacrylate network

Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, TEGDM, was cured to various dose levels (0.15–2.0 Mrad) by γ-irradiation at 40°C and its dynamic mechanical properties were evaluated. The resultant products had up to four transition phenomena dependent upon dose. The highest temperature transition (IV) was due to the ultimate glass transition. Transition III (ca. 40°C) was due to additional reaction occuring just above the cure temperature. Transition 1 (ca. -60°C) occurred at low doses and was associated with residual monomer. Transition II (ca. -10°C) is due to association of (CH2CH2O) units in TEGDM monomer, and the associated regions persist in the crosslinked polymer.
Percutaneous Transhepatic Techniques for Removal of Endoscopically Placed Biliary Plastic Endoprostheses

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-placed plastic biliary endoprostheses can migrate proximally and become impacted (4.9%). Endoscopy is resorted to first and percutaneous transhepatic techniques are resorted to second. Percutaneous transhepatic techniques are resorted to in probably less that 0.5% of all endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-placed plastic biliary endoprostheses and are rarely reported. The current article reviews the results, various techniques, and potential complications during the percutaneous transhepatic removal of these endoprostheses.
Individual Field Trips

(1977). Individual Field Trips. The Journal of Business Education: Vol. 52, No. 6, pp. 273-274.
History and Primary: The Obama Re-Election

President Barack Obama is going to defeat Republican challenger Mitt Romney by a comfortable margin. Obama has history on his side as well as the fact that he was unchallenged in the primaries. The PRIMARY MODEL, which formalizes these predictors, forecasts an Obama victory with 53.2 percent of the two-party popular vote. This forecast assures Obama’s re-election with 88-percent certainty. The forecast model relies on primary elections as well as an electoral cycle, using elections as far back as 1912, the first year of presidential primaries. The primary performance of the incumbent-party candidate and that of the opposition-party candidate enter as separate predictors. For elections since 1952, the primary-support measure relies solely on the New Hampshire primary. In the period since then, no other primary beats New Hampshire in predictive power. The Primary-Model forecast was posted January 12, 2012, on the Huffington Post.
Data Structures for On-Line Updating of Minimum Spanning Trees, with Applications

Data structures are presented for the problem of maintaining a minimum spanning tree on-line under the operation of updating the cost of some edge in the graph. For the case of a general graph, mai...
Differences in the Communication of Affect: Members of the Same Race Versus Members of a Different Race

This study examined African American and Caucasian individuals'ability to recognize facial expressions and vocal prosody of predominately Caucasian stimuli at three age groups: children's pictures and voices, young adults' pictures and voices, and older adults'pictures and voices. The Diagnostic Assessment of Non- verbal Accuracy 2 (DANVA 2) and the Carolina Older Adult Test of Nonverbal Communication (COAT-NC) were used to measure these skills. The results indicate race is a significant factor in the interpretation of emotion of facial expressions and prosodic features.. They suggest that individuals from a specific ethnic group are more accurate in decoding emotional cues from stimulus-containing individuals within the same ethnic group. Caucasians were not necessarily better than African Americans decoding communication of affect, but were more successful at interpreting the emotions of individuals within their ethnic group. The results indicate potential for miscommunications between African Americans...
The Psychosocial Implications of Managing Work and Family Caregiving Roles Gender Differences Among Information Technology Professionals

An increasing number of adults, both men and women, are simultaneously managing work and family caregiving roles. Guided by the stress process model, we investigate whether 823 employees occupying diverse family caregiving roles (child caregiving only, elder caregiving only, and both child caregiving and elder caregiving, or "sandwiched" caregiving) and their noncaregiving counterparts in the information technology division of a white-collar organization differ on several indicators of psychosocial stress along with gender differences in stress exposure. Compared with noncaregivers, child caregivers reported more perceived stress and partner strain whereas elder caregivers reported greater perceived stress and psychological distress. With the exception of work-to-family conflict, sandwiched caregivers reported poorer overall psychosocial functioning. Additionally, sandwiched women reported more family-to-work conflict and less partner support than their male counterparts. Further research on the implications of combining a white-collar employment role with different family caregiving roles is warranted.
Suprazero cooling rate, rather than freezing rate, determines post thaw quality of rhesus macaque sperm.

Sperm become most sensitive to cold shock when cooled from 37 °C to 5 °C at rates that are too fast or too slow; cold shock increases the susceptibility to oxidative damage owing to its influence on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which are significant stress factors generated during cooling and low temperature storage. In addition, ROS may be a main cause of decreased motility and fertility upon warming. They have been shown to change cellular function through the disruption of the sperm plasma membrane and through damage to proteins and DNA. The objective of this study was to determine which cryopreservation rates result in the lowest degree of oxidative damage and greatest sperm quality. In the rhesus model, it has not been determined whether suprazero cooling or subzero freezing rates causes a significant amount of ROS damage to sperm. Semen samples were collected from male rhesus macaques, washed, and resuspended in TEST-yolk cryopreservation buffer to 100 × 10(6) sperm/mL. Sperm were frozen in 0.5-mL straws at four different combinations of suprazero and subzero rates. Three different suprazero rates were used between 22 °C and 0 °C: 0.5 °C/min (slow), 45 °C/min (medium), and 93 °C/min (fast). These suprazero rates were used in combination with two different subzero rates for temperatures 0 °C to -110 °C: 42 °C/min (medium) and 87 °C/min (fast). The different freezing groups were as follows: slow-med (SM), slow-fast (SF), med-med (MM), and fast-fast (FF). Flow cytometry was used to detect lipid peroxidation (LPO), a result of ROS generation. Motility was evaluated using a computer assisted sperm motion analyzer. The MM and FF treated sperm had less viable (P < 0.0001) and motile sperm (P < 0.001) than the SM, SF, or fresh sperm. Sperm exposed to MM and FF treatments demonstrated significantly higher oxidative damage than SM, SF, or fresh sperm (P < 0.05). The SM- and SF-treated sperm showed decreased motility, membrane integrity, and LPO compared with fresh semen (P < 0.001). Slow cooling from room temperature promotes higher membrane integrity and motility post thaw, compared with medium or fast cooling rates. Cells exposed to similar cooling rates with differing freezing rates were not different in motility and membrane integrity, whereas comparison of cells exposed to differing cooling rates with similar freezing rates indicated significant differences in motility, membrane integrity, and LPO. These data suggest that sperm quality seems to be more sensitive to the cooling, rather than freezing rate and highlight the role of the suprazero cooling rate in post thaw sperm quality.
"Yo Tengo La Camiseta (I Have the Shirt On)": An Exploration Of Job Satisfaction and Commitment Among Workers In Mexico:

One major challenge faced by expatriate managers is developing reasonable levels of worker commitment and satisfaction among host nation employees. This study adds to the growing knowledge base regarding worker motivation, commitment, satisfaction, and company image among automotive workers in Mexico. This paper uses a longitudinal MTMM methodology to verify attributes of job attitudes surrounding satisfaction and commitment thereby expanding the methodology and interpretation of prior research. Questionnaire, interview, and observational data collected over a 42-month period were used to uncover previously unexplored components to commitment and job satisfaction among Mexican workers. Results of our analyses indicated that work satisfaction, supervision, coworker relationships, pay, and promotion potential were predictive of overall job satisfaction. Also predictive of overall job satisfaction were supervisor conduct, and perception of company financial and social status. Behavioral, affective, and conti...
Acetate supplementation modulates brain adenosine metabolizing enzymes and adenosine A2A receptor levels in rats subjected to neuroinflammation

Acetate supplementation reduces neuroglia activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in rat models of neuroinflammation and Lyme neuroborreliosis. Because single-dose glyceryl triacetate (GTA) treatment increases brain phosphocreatine and reduces brain AMP levels, we postulate that GTA modulates adenosine metabolizing enzymes and receptors, which may be a possible mechanism to reduce neuroinflammation. To test this hypothesis, we quantified the ability of GTA to alter brain levels of ecto-5’-nucleotidase (CD73), adenosine kinase (AK), and adenosine A2A receptor using western blot analysis and CD73 activity by measuring the rate of AMP hydrolysis. Neuroinflammation was induced by continuous bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion in the fourth ventricle of the brain for 14 and 28 days. Three treatment strategies were employed, one and two where rats received prophylactic GTA through oral gavage with LPS infusion for 14 or 28 days. In the third treatment regimen, an interventional strategy was used where rats were subjected to 28 days of neuroinflammation, and GTA treatment was started on day 14 following the start of the LPS infusion. We found that rats subjected to neuroinflammation for 28 days had a 28% reduction in CD73 levels and a 43% increase in AK levels that was reversed with prophylactic acetate supplementation. CD73 activity in these rats was increased by 46% with the 28-day GTA treatment compared to the water-treated rats. Rats subjected to neuroinflammation for 14 days showed a 50% increase in levels of the adenosine A2A receptor, which was prevented with prophylactic acetate supplementation. Interventional GTA therapy, beginning on day 14 following the induction of neuroinflammation, resulted in a 67% increase in CD73 levels and a 155% increase in adenosine A2A receptor levels. These results support the hypothesis that acetate supplementation can modulate brain CD73, AK and adenosine A2A receptor levels, and possibly influence purinergic signaling.
On SVM for classification of real and synthetic radar signatures

This paper focuses on radar target identification using support vector machines (SVM). The radar features used in this study are impulse response features representing the down range profile of the target as seen by stepped frequency radar. The purpose of this paper is to shed additional light on the benefits of SVM in radar target identification (RTI) under various scenarios of adversity that are commonly addressed in the RTI literature. This paper attempts to maximize the performance of SVM in RTI but does not introduce new SVM kernels, or SVM training methods. The focus is on defining the rewards of SVM in target identification assuming a classifier that is presented with time domain signatures representing the target impulse response at a certain azimuth angle. In particular this paper focuses on assessing the SVM classifier performance in different scenarios, which are discussed in this paper
A single machine carryover sequence-dependent group scheduling in PCB manufacturing

This paper considers the problem of minimizing the makespan on a single machine with carryover sequence-dependent setup times. A similar problem with multi-machine flow shop usually arises in the assembly of printed circuit boards (PCBs). This research investigates the possibility of processing all components of PCBs using just one machine. By doing so the operational costs of having multi-machines can be reduced, and as a result, finding an optimal solution might be more plausible. The objective is to minimize the maximum completion time of all board groups, commonly known as makespan. The operational constraints are such that all board types within a board group must be completely kitted, as it is traditionally performed by kitting staff, before that board group begins its assembly operation. We introduce the external setup (kitting) time and require that it be performed solely by the machine operator during the run time of the current board group, and thereby completely eliminating the need for kitting staff. The carryover sequence-dependent setup time, namely the internal (machine) setup time, is realized when a new board group is ready for assembly operation and is dependent on all of the previously scheduled board groups and their sequences. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time the external and internal setup times are integrated in PCB group scheduling research. We develop a branch-and-bound algorithm and a lower-bounding structure. The lower bound consists of two approaches, which enable the algorithm to simultaneously reduce performing unnecessary exploration. In order to test the efficiency of the algorithm, several problem instances with different board groups have been used. The algorithm developed requires a significantly large computation time to optimally solve very large problems. Thus to speak for the efficiency in terms of solving comparable large industry-size problems, we evaluate the deviation of the algorithm from the lower bound which turns out to be very small, with an average of only 6%, in all of the problem instances considered.
Solitary skeletal hemangioma of the extremities

Objective. To report the clinicopathologic features of solitary skeletal hemangioma of the extremities and to review previous cases in the English language medical literature. Patients. In addition to five of our own cases, 34 literature cases with substantial and 75 with partial clinicopathologic information were found. Results. Our patients, three men and two women, ranged in age from 37 to 83 years (mean 65.6 years). The lesion was an incidental radiologic finding in two patients, while three were symptomatic. In no case was a correct preoperative radiologic diagnosis made, a malignant process being considered as a possibility in all. The hemangiomas were medullary; two involved a metacarpal, two the fibula, and one the humerus. In contrast, previously reported patients were younger (mean age 32 years), predominantly female (60%), and symptomatic in over 90% of cases. The lesion is rare in those younger than age 10 years or older than age 60 years. As in our patients, the long bones are most frequently involved (75%), with the diaphysis or metadiaphysis, as in four of our patients, the most common locations. Although 20% of cases occur in the hands or feet, metacarpal involvement is rare. Medullary origin, as in all of our cases, is most frequent, but 45% of cases are either periosteal (33%) or intracortical (12%). In the literature, cavernous hemangioma is the most frequent type. Three of our hemangiomas were cavernous, one capillary, and one venous, the latter being rarely reported in extremity bones. Conclusions. Due to the diversity of radiologic patterns produced by skeletal hemangioma, a correct preoperative diagnosis is rarely made. Almost all patients do well, even those with less than complete removal of the lesion; local recurrence is rare. All of our patients were well following either therapeutic or simple diagnostic procedures. Due to the destructive nature of some biopsy procedures, the histologic diagnosis of hemangioma may at times also be problematic.
Single phase harmonic analysis of spacecraft power systems using a personal computer

The authors discuss the nonsinusoidal currents induced in the spacecraft power system by nonlinear devices and loads. These currents are written in terms of a fundamental and harmonic components using standard Fourier analysis. The harmonic components, along with the corresponding voltages, are predicted by a harmonic power flow that uses the Newton-Raphson numerical algorithm. The algorithm uses the harmonic current components to solve for the voltage levels throughout the system by means of an iterative technique that decouples and solves for each harmonic individually. >