cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Substance Parity Laws and the Detection and Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Among Adolescents in Mental Health Care

This study investigated the association between substance use parity laws and the detection/treatment of co-occurring psychiatric and substance use disorders among adolescents seeking treatment within a mental health setting. Data were drawn from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration 1997 Client/Patient Sample Survey (CPSS). The CPSS is a nationally representative survey of mental health service use obtained from standardized chart reviews. While 5.8% of the sample received a substance use diagnosis, only 32% of those youth received substance treatment. Youth receiving services in a state with a substance parity law were more likely to receive a substance use diagnosis and substance treatment compared with youth residing in a state without a substance parity law. Findings suggest that while substance parity laws may influence the detection and treatment of substance use disorders, overall, youth with a dual diagnosis remain underserved.
Emergence behavior and movements of winter-aggregated green anoles (Anolis carolinensis) and the thermal characteristics of their crevices in Tennessee

The green anole (Anolis carolinensis, Sauria: Polychrotidae) is the only native member of the neotropical genus in the United States and can be found as far north as North Carolina and Tennessee. Green anoles remain active throughout the winter in Tennessee, a rare behavior for reptiles at this latitude (35° 34′ N). In the Little Tennessee River population observed, individuals shift habitats in winter to a south-facing bluff where they aggregate in rock crevices at night and on cloudy days. The crevices provide thermal protection from air temperatures that routinely drop below freezing. Aggregations did not seem to provide any thermal benefits to lizards. Lizards emerged from the crevices when the sun illuminated their section of the bluff. The emergence order of lizards from a crevice was nonrandom; some lizards consistently emerged earlier than others. Position in the emergence sequence was determined by the depth of the lizard within the crevice, with shallow lizards emerging first. Lizards remained c...
A PROPOSED CLASSIFICATION OF MASTOCYTOSIS INCORPORATING MOLECULAR GENETICS

As an understanding of the molecular genetic causes of different forms of mastocytosis is developed, the therapy of choice may depend on the specific genetic abnormalities expressed by a patient's neoplastic mast cells. The authors propose a new classification system for mastocytosis that incorporates both molecular-genetic and clinical data. This system provides a theoretic framework for mast cell researchers and helps practicing physicians in estimating prognosis and determining therapeutic options for individual patients.
Effects of social isolation on mRNA expression for corticotrophin-releasing hormone receptors in prairie voles

Previous studies have demonstrated that various type of stressors modulate messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) for type 1 corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) receptor (CRH-R1 mRNA) and type 2 CRH receptor (CRH-R2 mRNA). The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of social isolation stress of varying durations on the CRH, CRH-R1 and CRH-R2 mRNAs expression in the hypothalamus, hippocampus and pituitary of socially monogamous female and male prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). Isolation for 1h (single isolation) or 1h of isolation every day for 4 weeks (repeated isolation) was followed by a significant increase in plasma corticosterone levels. Single or repeated isolation increased hypothalamic CRH mRNA expression, but no changes in CRH-R1 mRNA in the hypothalamus were observed. Continuous isolation for 4 weeks (chronic isolation) showed no effect on hypothalamic CRH or CRH-R1 mRNAs in female or male animals. However, hypothalamic CRH-R2 mRNA was significantly reduced in voles exposed to chronic isolation. Single or repeated isolation, but not chronic isolation, significantly increased CRH-R1 mRNA and decreased CRH-R2 mRNA in the pituitary. Despite elevated CRH mRNA expression, CRH-R1 and CRH-R2 mRNAs were not modulated in the hippocampus following single or repeated isolation. Although, chronic isolation did not affect hippocampal CRH or CRH-R1 mRNAs, it did increase CRH-R2 mRNA expression in females and males. The results of the present study in prairie voles suggest that social isolation has receptor subtype and species-specific consequences for the modulation of gene expression for CRH and its receptors in brain and pituitary. Previous studies have revealed a female-biased increase in oxytocin in response to chronic isolation; however, we did not find a sex difference in CRH or its receptors following single, repeated or chronic social isolation, suggesting that sexually dimorphic processes beyond the CRH system, possibly involving vasopressin, might explain this difference.
Preoperative intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth and oropharynx

Twelve patients with advanced locoregional (Stage III and IV) squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx underwent treatment with cisplatin, vinblastine, bleomycin, and 5-fluorouracil, given by intra-arterial infusion, as primary adjuvant therapy, in preparation for radiation therapy and surgery. Responses were observed during or immediately after infusion therapy in 8 of 12 (67%) of patients (1 complete response, 7 partial responses). Infusion chemotherapy was followed by radiation therapy alone in five patients and by radiation and surgery in six patients. The protocol was initiated in August 1981, and six patients are now free of their primary cancer, at 21 to 36 months, whereas six have died with disease. Arterial infusion of a combination of effective antineoplastic agents is a promising method for the preparation of selected patients for radiation therapy and surgery, as it is less likely to produce serious systemic toxicity and it requires a shorter period than systemic neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
No strong evidence supports the efficacy of potassium nitrate toothpaste for dentine hypersensitivity

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of potassium nitrate-containing toothpaste with placebo toothpaste in reducing dentine hypersensitivity. Data sources: Medline, EMBASE, Elsevier Biobase, Biosis Previews, Cab Health, SCI Search, Current Contents until 1 April 2000, the Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, and bibliographies of identified studies and reviews. Study selection: Randomised clinical trials (RCT). Data extraction and synthesis: Two reviewers independently recorded the results of the trials included using a specially designed chart. Sensitivity was assessed by using thermal, tactile, air-blast and subjective methods. All RCT included had Jadad scores ranging from 3 to 4. Results: Eight studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria; four studies did not present mean and standard deviations and so were not included in the meta-analysis. Three of these did not show an effect on any of the measurements of dentine hypersensitivity, while one did. The meta-analysis showed a statistically-significant effect of potassium nitrate toothpaste on air-blast and tactile sensitivity. The subjective assessment failed to show a significant effect at the 6- to 8-week assessment (see Table 1). Conclusions: There is no strong evidence available that supports the efficacy of potassium nitrate toothpaste for dentine hypersensitivity. Poulsen S, Errboe M, Hovgaard O, Worthington HW. Potassium nitrate toothpaste for dentine hypersensitivity (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2001. Oxford: Update Software
Analysis of the effect on combustor noise measurements of acoustic waves reflected by the turbine and combustor inlet

Spectral analyses of static pressure fluctuations measured in turbine engine combustors at low engine speed show good agreement with theory. At idle speed the high pressure turbine is unchoked. Above idle speed the turbine chokes and a significant change in the shape of the measured combustor pressure spectrum is observed. A simplified theoretical model of the acoustic pressure generated in the combustor due to the turbulence-flame front interaction did not account for acoustic waves reflected from the turbine. By retaining this simplified combustion noise source model and adding a partial reflecting plane at the turbine and combustor inlet, a simple theoretical model was developed that reproduces the undulations in the combustor fluctuating pressure spectra. Plots of the theoretical combustor fluctuating pressure spectra are compared to the measured pressure spectra obtained from the CF6-50 turbofan engine over a range of engine operating speeds. The simplified combustion noise theory when modified by a simple turbine reflecting plane adequately accounts for the changes in measured combustor pressure spectra. It is further concluded that the shape of the pressure spectra downstream of the turbine, neglecting noise generated by the turbine itself, will be the combustion noise spectra unchanged except for the level reduction due to the energy blocked by the turbine.
Interphase behavior of titanium matrix composites at elevated temperature

This paper examines the effect of temperature and thermal exposure on the interphase behavior of continuous fiber reinforced titanium metal matrix composites. The system considered is SCS-6/Timetal-21S. Elevated temperature fiber push-out tests were conducted to determine the effect of test temperature on interphase shear properties. Corresponding variations of debonding shear strength and frictional shear stress with test temperature are presented and discussed. Thermal exposure, both in a vacuum and an air environment, has been conducted on specimens, with temperatures up to 650°C and exposure times of up to 100 h. The resulting size and composition of the interphase have been examined. Fiber push-out tests were carried out at room and elevated temperature on the aged specimens. Results are discussed in terms of the influence of relaxation and oxidation on the debond shear strength. Using the experimentally determined interphase shear properties, the interphase toughness has been calculated and discussed in relation to interface decohesion models.
A Quest for Authenticity: Contemporary Butch Gender

A model of contemporary butch identity has been constructed from the analysis of a series of semistructured interviews with butch-identified women who described their gender in relation to their own experiences and beliefs. The analytic process entailed a grounded theory approach (Glaser & Strauss, 1967). The results of the study describe how butch-identified women conceptualize their gender identity and how it affects their social relations within lesbian and heterosexual communities. The core category in this model (i.e., A Quest for Authenticity) frames butch identity as entailing an ongoing process of negotiation between an essential sense of lesbian gender and gender presentation demands that are understood in relation to the signification and meaning of genders across social contexts.
Evaluation as sensemaking: Knowledge construction in a realist world

Realism offers an alternative to the traditional positivist and constructivist paradigms. The principles of this approach are described here, as are its implications for knowledge construction.
Fabrication, evaluation, and performance of machined metal grazing incidence telescopes

Grazing incidence optics are a key element of x-ray and extreme ultraviolet astronomy and are becoming increasingly important in aspects of far-ultraviolet astronomy. Metal optics have figured prominently in this work, and machined metal optics offer distinct advantages in some applications. New methods of metrology have combined with innovations in fabrication to produce metal optics of second of arc quality. In this paper we review the fabrication, evaluation, and performance of machined grazing incidence metal optics produced, or in production, for astronomical telescopes.
Vortex beam propagation through atmospheric turbulence and topological charge conservation

The propagation of vortex beams through weak-to-strong atmospheric turbulence is simulated and analyzed. It is demonstrated that the topological charge of such a beam is a robust quantity that could be used as an information carrier in optical communications. The advantages and limitations of such an approach are discussed.
Microsurgical removal of a balloon embolus to the internal carotid artery. Case report.

✓ A complication of treatment of posttraumatic carotid-cavernous fistulas by detachable balloon techniques is presented. During occlusion of the fistula, a balloon embolus migrated from the cavernous sinus into the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery. The resultant neurological deficit was immediately treated with hypertension and volume expansion. The patient underwent direct microsurgical embolectomy and suffered no postoperative neurological sequelae. The significance and management of this complication are discussed.
"Hot pot" tracheitis

A case of hemorrhagic, bronchospastic tracheobronchitis is reported. The etiology of the lesion is felt to be related to tracheal burns which occurred as a result of excessive gas temperatures delivered to the airway during mechanical ventilation. The prevention and treatment of this problem are discussed.
The Cyclical History of Horse Racing: The USA's Oldest and (Sometimes) Most Popular Spectator Sport

Horse racing was an elite American sport that dated to the colonial era. It was the nation's most important antebellum spectator sport, but concerns about its aristocratic connotations and ties to ...
Urban propagation measurements for ground based communication in the military UHF band

Results are presented from an experimental investigation to characterize path loss in urban terrain within the military ultrahigh frequency band (225 to 450 MHz) between ground-based communicators. Testing was conducted over a two-day period in downtown Philadelphia. Profiles of received power versus distance were generated along a variety of straight and L-shaped paths for different radio frequencies and antenna heights. The results were analyzed to determine the dependency of the received power on street width, frequency, antenna height, and corner distance (the distance between the transmitter and the corner on an L-shaped path). The results showed well-defined dependencies on all of the parameters except antenna height, which did not appear to affect the results over the range of values considered in this study. An empirical model for predicting received power was developed by fitting regression curves to the data. The model was found to be accurate to within approximately /spl plusmn/10 dB when compared against the data collected in this investigation. This study addresses an important but heretofore largely overlooked propagation environment.
A bifactor model of negative affectivity: fear and distress components among younger and older youth.

The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children (PANAS-C) is a 27-item youth-report measure of positive affectivity and negative affectivity. Using 2 large school-age youth samples (clinic-referred sample: N 662; school-based sample: N 911), in the present study, we thoroughly examined the structure of the PANAS-C NA and PA scales and fit a bifactor model to the PANAS-C NA items. Our exploratory factor analytic results demonstrated that negative affectivity is comprised of 2 main components—NA: Fear and NA: Distress—specifically among older youth. A bifactor model also evidenced the best model fit relative to a unidimensional and second-order factor structure of the PANAS-C NA items. The NA: Fear group factor evidenced significant correspondence with external criterion measures of anxiety. However, the original PANAS-C NA scale evidenced equal (and in some cases greater) correspondence with criterion measures of anxiety. We thus recommend continued usage and interpretation of the full PANAS-C NA scale despite the identification of the fear and distress group factors underlying general negative affectivity. The identification of these fear and distress group factors nonetheless suggest that negative affectivity may be comprised largely of a fear and distress component among older youth. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to better understanding the structure of psychopathology across childhood development and informing the development of future treatments of negative emotions.
Cellular Development of Skeletal Muscle of Rats during Recovery from Prolonged Undernutrition

The cellular basis for growth retardation of skeletal muscle was studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats. At birth, animals were assigned to control (C) or food-restricted (R) groups. During lactation, food intake of the pups was reduced by limiting intake of the mother to 50% of controls. After weaning, pups received 40% of ad libitum intakes until 120 d of age. From 120 to 316 d, all animals were fed ad libitum. At 120 d, body weight of the R group was 41% of C and muscle and adipose weights were 54 and 16% of C, respectively. Muscle DNA in the R group was 47% of C, but protein-to-DNA ratio was normal. Fiber number was not different between C and R groups; however, muscle length and fiber cross-sectional area were 85 and 64%, respectively, of C values. After 196 d of recovery, weights of the body, skeletal muscles and adipose tissues averaged 76, 84 and 51% of C values, respectively. Recovery of skeletal muscle paralleled the recovery of fiber cross-sectional area (84%) and DNA content (86%). Daily injections of 100 micrograms of growth hormone from 120 to 148 d produced no additional recovery. This study establishes that growth retardation of skeletal muscle is associated with reductions in the development of cross-sectional area and DNA content of muscle fibers.
Suturing versus conservative management of lacerations of the hand: randomised controlled trial.

abstract Objective: To assess the difference in clinical outcome between lacerations of the hand closed with sutures and those treated conservatively. Design: Randomised controlled trial. Setting: Emergency department in a tertiary hospital. Participants: Consecutive patients presenting between 16 February and 30 November 2000 with uncomplicated lacerations of the hand (full thickness Intervention: Participants were randomised to suturing or conservative treatment. Main outcome measures: Primary outcome was cosmetic appearance after three months, rated on a previously validated visual analogue scale. Duration of treatment, pain during treatment, patients9 assessment of their outcome, and the time for patients to resume normal activities were also measured. Results: Participants treated with sutures and those treated conservatively did not differ significantly in the assessment of cosmetic appearance by independent blinded doctors after three months: 83 mm v 80 mm, (mean difference 3 (95% confidence interval −1 to 8) mm) on the visual analogue scale. The mean time to resume normal activities was the same in both groups (3.4 days). Patients treated conservatively had less pain (difference 18 (12 to 24) mm) and treatment time was 14 (10 to 18) min shorter. Conclusion: Similar cosmetic and functional outcomes result from either conservative treatment or suturing of small uncomplicated lacerations of the hand, but conservative treatment is faster and less painful.
Dendritic architecture of rat somatosensory thalamocortical projection neurons

This study examines dendrites from physiologically characterized and intracellularly labelled thalamocortical projection (TCP) neurons from the rat ventrobasal complex (VB) and posterior nucleus (POm). The goals were to provide quantitative descriptions of TCP neuron dendrites, examine underlying design principles of dendritic morphology, and determine correlations between dendritic size parameters. Forty-four dendrites from seven VB neurons and 21 dendrites from three POm TCP neurons that responded to low-threshold mechanical stimuli were reconstructed and quantitatively analyzed at the light microscopic level. The dendritic architecture of the neurons was remarkably similar in most parameters studied, including the percentage of dichotomous branching, contribution of terminal branches to total dendritic length, and branching symmetry. There was a positive correlation between stem dendrite diameter and the length of the entire dendrite arbor, making it possible to estimate the total length of a dendritic arbor by measuring the stem dendrite diameter. The correlations of the VB and POm dendrites had different slopes. The path distance (the distance from the soma to a dendritic end point) of individual dendrites showed only a small variation with large differences in the total dendritic length of an arbor. The constant diameter of distal dendrites shows that dendrite diameter is a poor predictor of synaptic location on the dendritic tree. Although the morphology of neurons and their individual dendrites varied considerably in overall size and qualitative appearance, when examined qualitatively, many aspects of dendritic structure were similar within and between groups. We suggest that the rat somatosensory TCP neurons have a stereotyped dendritic architecture and present data which provide a base for future comparative, developmental, and plasticity studies.
Inferring cascading network-power disruptions and sustainability

In this work, we study cascaded disruptions between communication networks and power, using heterogeneous measurements and learning. We define sustainability of communication using distributed energy sources upon power outages, and estimate the sustainability for example networks.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Keratitis in Knockout Mice Deficient in Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1

In this study, the role of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in the pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis was examined by using inbred ICAM-1-deficient knockout mice. These mice had significantly less (P </= 0.02) ocular disease than wild-type mice, suggesting that ICAM-1 contributes to a more severe disease response following P. aeruginosa infection.
A programming environment with runtime energy characterization for energy-aware applications

System-level power management has been studied extensively. For further energy reduction, the collaboration from user applications becomes critical. This paper presents a programming environment to ease the construction of energy-aware applications. We observe that energy-aware programs may identify different ways (called options) to achieve the desired functionalities and choose the most energy-efficient option at runtime. Our framework provides a programming interface to obtain the estimated energy consumption for choosing a particular option. The energy is estimated based on runtime energy characterization that records a set of runtime conditions correlated with the energy consumption of the options. We provide the procedure and general guidelines for using the environment to construct energy-aware programs. The prototype demonstrates that (a) energy-aware applications can be programmed easily with our interface, (b) accurate estimates are achieved by integrating multiple runtime conditions, and (c) the framework can make multiple devices collaborate for significant energy savings (15% to 41%) with negligible time and energy overhead (<;0.35%).
Use of the Role Checklist With the Patient With Multiple Personality Disorder

A paucity of occupational therapy evaluation tools exists for use with patients with multiple personality disorder. The Model of Human Occupation (Kielhofner & Burke, 1980), particularly the volition and habituation subsystems within this model, proved useful for the identification of the many facets of patients with multiple personality disorder on a short-term treatment unit. The Role Checklist (Oakley, Kielhofner, Barris, & Richler, 1986), a tool derived from the Model of Human Occupation, was adapted for use with this population and was found to be beneficial in the identification of common goals held by most of the personalities of each patient with multiple personality disorder. The use of the Role Checklist is illustrated with a case example.
Water ice on outer solar system surfaces: Basic properties and radiation effects

Abstract This paper reviews the properties of vapor-deposited water ice in connection with icy surfaces in the outer solar system. The emphasis is on knowledge gained during the last decade, and on the properties of the amorphous phase, especially those affected by the presence of microporosity. The paper discusses the role played by the properties of different phases of ice and the effect of irradiation on the icy surfaces of satellites in the outer solar system: sputtering, phase transformation, the production and trapping of molecular radiation products, and stress induced cracking. The understanding of how growth and irradiation processes affect the optical properties of ice will lead to extract better information from optical remote sensing than is possible today. It is argued that cracks in ice induced by stresses are the main reason causing low-temperature ices to be strongly scattering.
Beyond intuition and instinct blindness: toward an evolutionarily rigorous cognitive science

Cognitive psychology has an opportunity to turn itself into a theoretically rigorous discipline in which a powerful set of theories organize observations and suggest focused new hypotheses. This cannot happen, however, as long as intuition and folk psychology continue to set our research agenda. This is because intuition systematically blinds us to the full universe of problems our minds spontaneously solve, restricting our attention instead to a minute class of unrepresentative "high-level" problems. In contrast, evolutionarily rigorous theories of adaptive function are the logical foundation on which to build cognitive theories, because the architecture of the human mind acquired its functional organization through the evolutionary process. Theories of adaptive function specify what problems our cognitive mechanisms were designed by evolution to solve, thereby supplying critical information about what their design features are likely to be. This information can free cognitive scientists from the blinders of intuition and folk psychology, allowing them to construct experiments capable of detecting complex mechanisms they otherwise would not have thought to test for. The choice is not between no-nonsense empiricism and evolutionary theory; it is between folk theory and evolutionary theory.
Career Experiences and Firm Foundings

Because of methodological and theoretical obstacles, sociological research on organizational foundings has largely focused on societal and population level factors to explain firm foundings. This paper takes the view that understanding firm foundings also requires linking to micro-level processes. We suggest that careers are a useful way to link individual-level processes to firm foundings. The career experiences of potential founders impacts organizational foundings by influencing expectations of the liability of newness. We test our explanation on the population of inventions patented by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology over the 1980-1996 period and examine the effect of inventors’ prior experiences on the probability that an invention will be commercialized through the founding of a new organization.
Time Spent in Face-to-Face Patient Care and Work Outside the Examination Room

PURPOSE Contrary to physicians' concerns that face-to-face patient time is decreasing, data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) indicate that between 1988 and 1998, durations of primary care outpatient visits have increased. This study documented how physicians spend time during the workday, including time outside the examination room, and compared observed face-to-face patient care time with that reported in NAMCS. METHODS Using time-motion study techniques, for each of 11 physicians, 2 patient care days were randomly selected and documented by direct observa- tion. Physician time spent on face-to-face patient care and 54 activities outside the examination room were documented. Data represent 12,180 minutes of work and 611 outpatient visits. RESULTS The average workday duration was 8.6 hours, and face-to-face patient care accounted for 55% of the day. Work outside the examination room relevant to a patient currently being seen averaged 14% of the day. Work related to a patient not physically present accounted for one fi fth (23%) of the workday. The combination of face-to-face time and time spent on visit-specifi c work outside the examination room assessed by direct observation was signifi cantly less than the 2003 NAMCS estimate of visit duration assessed by physician report (13.3 vs 18.7 minutes, P <.001). CONCLUSIONS Nearly one half of a primary care physician's workday is spent on activities outside the examination room, predominately focused on follow-up and documentation of care for patients not physically present. National estimates of visit duration overestimate the combination of face-to-face time and time spent on visit-specifi c work outside the examination room by 41%.
Modification of a Fixed-Range Potentiometer Recorder into a Variable-Range Recorder

The circuit of a Brown Electronik strip chart recording potentiometer was easily and inexpensively modified to enable rapid selection of ranges and spans by means of variable precision resistors. Variable zero-point suppression combined with an adjustable span makes the instrument ideal for the study of continuous phenomena. The modified instrument possesses good reproducibility and stability. Data are presented to show the effects of settings of the modified components on the spans and ranges of the instrument.
Structure, Assembly and Homeostatic Regulation of the 26S Proteasome

The 26S proteasome is the major protease responsible for degradation of regulatory and abnormal proteins in the cell. Proteasomal degradation controls many cellular processes including, but not limited to, cell cycle control, transcription, DNA repair, apoptosis, quality control and antigen presentation. To elucidate how the proteasome is regulated is crucial to our understanding of the molecular details of proteasomal degradation and its functions in diverse biological pathways. In this article, I will highlight recent advances in understanding the proteasome structure and assembly and the regulation of proteasome gene expression. The implications of these new developments in cancer therapy will also be discussed.
A Survey of Software Frameworks for Cluster-Based Large High-Resolution Displays

Large high-resolution displays (LHRD) enable visualization of extremely large-scale data sets with high resolution, large physical size, scalable rendering performance, advanced interaction methods, and collaboration. Despite the advantages, applications for LHRD can be developed only by a select group of researchers and programmers, since its software implementation requires design and development paradigms different from typical desktop environments. It is critical for developers to understand and take advantage of appropriate software tools and methods for developing their LHRD applications. In this paper, we present a survey of the state-of-the-art software frameworks and applications for cluster-based LHRD, highlighting a three-aspect taxonomy. This survey can aid LHRD application and framework developers in choosing more suitable development techniques and software environments for new LHRD applications, and guide LHRD researchers to open needs in LHRD software frameworks.
The Use of High-Magnification Microlensing Events in Discovering Extrasolar Planets

Hundreds of gravitational microlensing events have now been detected toward the Galactic bulge, with many more to come. The detection of fine structure in these events has been theorized as an excellent way to discover extrasolar planetary systems along the line of sight to the Galactic center. We show that by focusing on high-magnification events, the probability of detecting planets of Jupiter mass or greater in the lensing zone [(0.6-1.6)RE] is nearly 100%, with the probability remaining high down to Saturn masses and substantial even at 10 Earth masses. This high probability allows a nearly definitive statement to be made about the existence of lensing-zone planets in each such system that undergoes high magnification. One might expect light-curve deviations caused by the source passing near the small primary-lens caustic to be small because of the large distance of the perturbing planet, but this effect is overcome by the high magnification. High-magnification events are relatively rare (e.g., ~1/20 of events have peak magnifications greater than 20), but they occur regularly, and the peak can be predicted in advance, allowing extrasolar planet detection with a relatively small use of resources over a relatively small amount of time.
Abstract 12911: Metformin Preserves ATP Concentration, Attenuates Action Potential Shortening, and Prevents Ventricular Fibrillation During Low-flow Ischemia in Normal Hearts

Introduction: Metformin (MET) is the most common drug used to treat type 2 diabetes, in part because it is believed to reduce cardiovascular mortality. However, it is unknown whether MET provides protection from ischemic ventricular fibrillation (VF) in the normal heart. In a region of ischemic myocardium, reduced energy charge causes ATP-sensitive potassium channels to open, shortening the action potential (AP). The resulting dispersion of AP duration and refractoriness may predispose to VF. We determined effects of MET on myocardial ATP concentration, AP, and VF during regional ischemia in metabolically normal pigs. Methods: Normal domestic pigs were treated with a clinically relevant dose of MET (30 mg/kg/d, n=25) for 2-3 weeks and compared with untreated controls (CTL, n=23). Under anesthesized, open-chest conditions, phospho-AMP activated protein kinase (pAMPK, Thr172) was measured in myocardial biopsies taken before ischemia (n=8 each group). Low-flow ischemia was induced by 50% LAD flow reduction. [ATP] was measured in myocardial biopsies at 15 min ischemia (MET n=8, CTL n=7). Monophasic AP was recorded at baseline and at 15 min ischemia. Survival free of VF was observed during 90 min of ischemia and 45 min reperfusion. Results: pAMPK was 85% greater in MET than in CTL (p<0.001), establishing a myocardial effect of MET prior to ischemia. MET had no effect on non-ischemic AP duration. At 15 min ischemia, [ATP] was higher in MET than CTL (4.1 vs 3.5 μmol/g, p=0.039), with less AP shortening from baseline in MET (4±2%) than in CTL (13±2%, p<0.001). Survival free of VF was greater in MET pigs than CTL (Figure). Conclusions: Chronic treatment with a clinically relevant dose of MET activates AMPK, preserves [ATP] and prevents AP shortening during ischemia, and diminishes the propensity for ischemic VF in metabolically normal pigs. Based on these findings, MET may have therapeutic utility beyond type 2 diabetes, extending to ischemic protection of the normal heart. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Progress Continues on Patent Reform and Pro IP

The 2008 fall elections encourage much Congressional work to be done quickly, but also slam some legislative proposals to a politically-sensitive halt. So it is with several intellectual property proposals that have been working their way through the committee process and are now emerging for full review. The proposals include patent reform legislation, an act to strengthen enforcement of and penalties for copyright infringement, and possibly, orphan works legislation involving limitations on damages when a “reasonable search” was performed.All of the proposals are likely to see Congressional action in the coming months. However, it is unknown which, if any, will be enacted. While the current status of each proposal is fairly clear, election year politics – particular in this historic Presidential election year – will soon become the 800 lb. gorilla looming over this Congressional cycle.
Beadle and Tatum and the origins of molecular biology

Recognition of the innovative nature of the Beadle and Tatum experiment of mutation induction followed by selection has faded in the decades since; Bernard Strauss explains why.
The Comparability of Wais and Wisc Subtest Scores and IQ Estimates

(1968). The Comparability of Wais and Wisc Subtest Scores and IQ Estimates. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 68, No. 1, pp. 73-82.
Effect of compaction procedure on air void structure of asphalt concrete

Abstract Past studies found a significant difference of strength between laboratory and field compacted asphalt concrete (AC). This study evaluated the pore structure of AC compacted by gyratory compactor, linear kneading compactor (LKC) and field cores. The different components of pores were determined and compared for different compaction procedures. The variation of permeability as well as moisture damage of samples prepared by different compaction procedures was also compared. It was observed that the pore structure of field samples is totally different from linear kneading compacted and gyratory compacted samples. Permeability of field samples does not depend on the level of compaction as much as for laboratory compacted samples. The indirect tensile strength (IDT) of field samples is always less than gyratory samples and more than linear kneading compacted samples. Field samples and linear kneading compacted samples are more susceptible to moisture than the gyratory compacted samples.
Simulation of Virtual Navigation Environment and GPS Navigator

GPS navigator has been widely applied for the security of navigation in navy and civil ships due to its features of high automation,simple operation, strong function,and high positioning precision.According to some problems existing in the GPS navigator training of education,it is put out that using computer technology creates the virtual environment of navigation and simulates GPS navigator.Its formation framework and design idea as well as design technology etc.are introduced in the paper,which can be the reference for the virtual simulation of other instruments.
SU-F-T-235: Optical Scan Based Collision Avoidance Using Multiple Stereotactic Cameras During Simulation

Purpose: To demonstrate the ability to quickly generate an accurate collision avoidance map using multiple stereotactic cameras during simulation. Methods: Three Kinect stereotactic cameras were placed in the CT simulation room and optically calibrated to the DICOM isocenter. Immediately before scanning, the patient was optically imaged to generate a 3D polygon mesh, which was used to calculate the collision avoidance area using our previously developed framework. The mesh was visually compared to the CT scan body contour to ensure accurate coordinate alignment. To test the accuracy of the collision calculation, the patient and machine were physically maneuvered in the treatment room to calculated collision boundaries. Results: The optical scan and collision calculation took 38.0 seconds and 2.5 seconds to complete respectively. The collision prediction accuracy was determined using a receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis, where the true positive, true negative, false positive and false negative values were 837, 821, 43, and 79 points respectively. The ROC accuracy was 93.1% over the sampled collision space. Conclusion: We have demonstrated a framework which is fast and accurate for predicting collision avoidance for treatment which can be determined during the normal simulation process. Because of the speed, the system could be used to add a layer of safety with a negligible impact on the normal patient simulation experience. This information could be used during treatment planning to explore the feasible geometries when optimizing plans. Research supported by Varian Medical Systems
A Stable and Homogeneous Population? Overseas Migrants in South Shields, 1841–1901

Echoing contemporaries of folklorist William Brockie, antagonists of recent migrants frequently contrast a racially and culturally pure and static British past to a disrupted and unstable present and future.1 The reasons for this counterfactual discourse merit exploration in their own right.2 Yet its persistence demands investigating the part overseas migrants took in nineteenth-century localities such as South Shields. Alarm about small numbers of post-colonial or other migrants invites comparison with previous ones. Examining Victorian migrants’ numbers, class and gender composition, settlement patterns, cultural practices and relations with native Britons repudiates views that recent migrants have threatened a hitherto stable and homogeneous population and culture.
CASE RECORDS of the MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. Case 21-2016. A 32-Year-Old Man in an Unresponsive State.

A 32-year-old man was admitted to this hospital after being found in an unresponsive state in his jail cell. He had jaundice and encephalopathy; results of liver-function tests were abnormal, and CT revealed cerebral edema. Diagnostic tests were performed.
Norway as a Political Ally: The US and the Nordic Region

Ever since the establishment of the United Nations in 1945, Norway had been strongly committed to, and participated extensively in, the activities of the organisation and its associated agencies. The Eisenhower adminis-tration’s policy paper on Scandinavia in April 1960 acknowledged this fact. It also emphasised that the “considerable prestige” which all three countries enjoyed in the international community meant that their support of US policies was “valuable in international organisations and for general propaganda purposes.”3 The NSC noted further that the Scandinavian countries were of political interest to the United States, since they were regarded “throughout the world as prime examples of Western democracy.”4 Outside the NATO context the administration did not usually distinguish between the different Scandinavian countries. Indeed, it was usual for Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Iceland to confer on policy issues and, where possible, to develop a common position.5 Isolated reports nonetheless attributed special importance to the positions taken by Norway on the grounds that its support “on major international issues in the UN [had] served as a valuable example to other Scandinavian countries.”6
Dialogue as tensional, ethical practice

One effect of this decade's explosive growth of works on dialogue has been a broadening of the term to encompass, in some books and articles, all human meaning‐making. We argue that there are disadvantages to this broadening, that descriptive approaches to dialogue can be usefully distinguished from prescriptive ones, and that prescriptive approaches are especially potent for communication theorists and practitioners. We appropriate three elements of the Aristotelian distinction between poiesis and praxis to develop a prescriptive understanding of dialogue as tensional, situationally‐accomplished, and inherently ethical. We then focus on one venue of dialogic practice—the classroom—and illustrate some ways in which what we take to be the central tension of dialogue, letting the other happen to me while holding my own ground, is made manifest in this context. We also briefly sketch the operation of two additional tensions, those between univocality‐and‐mul‐tivocality, and theory‐and‐practice. We believe th...
Experience of the Bureau of Public Roads in Highway Surveys

New methods and practices in surveying are now ready to fulfill present needs throughout all States in expanding highway construction program; ground survey methods cannot be supplanted, but can and should be, supplemented by photogrammetry and aerial surveys to attain better surveys and highways in less time with fewer engineers.
Variations in Burn Excision and Grafting: A Survey of the American Burn Association

It is unknown whether variations in burn care affect outcomes or affect the success of emerging therapeutics. The purpose of this study was to assess burn surgeons' preferences in excision and grafting to determine if surgical technique affects outcomes. A 71-item survey evaluating skin grafting techniques and preferences was emailed to members of the American Burn Association in July and August 2015. The survey was anonymous and voluntary. Relationships between variables were evaluated using Fisher's exact test. A P-value of ≤.05 was deemed statistically significant. The survey was sent to 607 burn surgeons, and the response rate was 24%. Clinical judgment is the most widely used method to determine depth of injury. Surgeons who practice in the United States and surgeons who are board certified in general surgery are more likely to determine depth of the burn based on clinical judgment alone (P < .001). Fifty-six percent of surgeons will perform excision as early as postburn day 1 and 73% will excise greater than 20% TBSA in one setting. Surgeons at centers with bed number of ≤10 (P = .024) or surgeons with board certification in plastic surgery (P = .008) are more likely to excise deep partial-thickness burns with an attempt to retain viable dermis. Geographic location, board certification, and burn unit size all contribute to variations in practice. Strong individual preferences make standardization of therapies challenging and may affect the success of new technologies. Burn surgery continues to be an art as much as a science, and accurate documentation of techniques and outcomes is essential for optimizing successes and documenting failures of new treatment methods.
Reminiscences of Stanley Mandelstam

I reminisce about my interactions with Stanley Mandelstam during my years as a graduate student at UC Berkeley (1962–66) and afterwards. His contributions to S-matrix theory, quantum field theory, and string theory are also discussed.
Single-shot real-time video recording of a photonic Mach cone induced by a scattered light pulse

Ultrafast video recording of spatiotemporal light distribution in a scattering medium has a significant impact in biomedicine. Although many simulation tools have been implemented to model light propagation in scattering media, existing experimental instruments still lack sufficient imaging speed to record transient light-scattering events in real time. We report single-shot ultrafast video recording of a light-induced photonic Mach cone propagating in an engineered scattering plate assembly. This dynamic light-scattering event was captured in a single camera exposure by lossless-encoding compressed ultrafast photography at 100 billion frames per second. Our experimental results are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions by time-resolved Monte Carlo simulation. This technology holds great promise for next-generation biomedical imaging instrumentation.