cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metadata-driven middleware for Web services

Service metadata plays a central role in service oriented architecture (SOA)s. Explicit service metadata makes possible the decoupling of applications and supports dynamic selection and binding. Moreover it extends the basic interoperability model beyond the implicit agreement to use a set of common protocols, making possible advanced collaboration models based on the dynamic discovery of partner capabilities. Web services provide the beginning of an XML based instantiation of the SOA model, with major middleware vendors providing implementations on top of their current platforms. In this paper, we discuss how the use of middleware metadata in SOA environments leads to optimized interaction and increase application decoupling.
New strike‐slip faults and litho‐units mapped in Chitral (N. Pakistan) using field and ASTER data yield regionally significant results

Several image-processing techniques were used to map the Chitral area, northern Pakistan. In this area, the world’s three greatest mountain ranges, the Himalayas, the Karakoram, and the Hindukush blocks, merge together. The area is extremely rugged; local relief is more than 2500 m. Many peaks are higher than 5000 m and Tirch Mir, 12 km north of the mapped area, is 7702 m. ASTER imagery and a digital elevation model developed from the ASTER data are used for decorrelation stretches, principal components analyses, and spectral angle mapper (SAM) classifications. These image-processing techniques were used to characterize the lithology and structure of the area. This study produced the most current geologic map for fully understanding the interaction between the Kohistan, western Karakoram, and eastern Hindukush blocks along the Shyok Suture and the Tirch Mir Fault. We utilized previously published geologic maps and fieldwork of the area to validate the image classifications. We have discovered two new strike-slip faults, and recent earthquake activity along the faults indicates that the faults are active. Recognition of these faults has potential tectonic significance, as they may be associated with the Chaman Fault – a major transcurrent fault linking the Indian plate with Pamir. Furthermore, we have discovered an anomalous mineralized zone and further work may uncover new mineral deposits.
Adding Additional Load Paths in a Bonded/Bolted Hybrid Joint

compared to the bolt. In all existing designs of hybrid joints, bolts do not participate in taking loads until the complete failure of the bondline. In other words, bolts stay idle until failure in the adhesive part of the joint occurs. It is evident that the main issue of improving the hybrid joint is to come up with a design that would involve bolts in contributing to the load bearing at the joint before failure of the adhesive. Another approach in improving bonded joints was pursued by Qian and Sun [9], who proposed an idea of using separate attachments to provide additional load transfer paths at the joint. In thisproposeddesign,inadditiontoadditionalloadtransferpaths,the localized interfacial stress concentrations near the joint edge are reduced. With the attachments used in double strap joints, the joint strengthincrementwasfoundtobe20–30%comparedtotheconventional double strap joint. A similar approach was employed by Turaga and Sun [10] to improve single-lap bonded joints. Experiments were conducted with aluminum as well as composite adherends. Failure loads for the conventional single-lap joints and single-lap joints with attachments were compared. The strength of the joint with angular attachments was found to be 59% higher than thatoftheconventionaljoint.Thesetwoapproaches[9,10]discussed above indicate that the joint strength of bonded joints can be enhancedsignificantlybyusingattachmentstocreateadditionalload transfer paths at the joint. The present study proposes a new hybrid (bonded/bolted) joint design, which can achieve a substantially higher joint strength compared to the existing hybrid joint design. This new hybrid joint designusesaconceptsimilartothatproposedbyTuragaandSun[10] forbondedsingle-lapjoints.Theproposednewhybridjointdesignis able to activate bolts to load bearing before the adhesive fails, a capability that cannot be achieved by conventional hybrid joints.
Mid-ocean ridge dynamics: Observations and theory

Recent observational and theoretical investigations of midocean-ridge extension and its relation to melting, magmatic, deformation, and hydrothermal processes are discussed in a critical review of U.S. research from the period 1987-1990. Topics examined include segmentation, along-axis crustal variations and gravity, axial crust and lithosphere structure and seismics, ophiolite studies, and the interaction of ridge and continental rift studies. Consideration is given to theoretical models of axial topography; mantle flow, melting, and melt migration; mantle rheology and flow beneath a midoceanic ridge; upwelling structure and segmentation; the role of the lithosphere in shaping ridge segmentation; thermal stress and the origin of fracture zones; and hydrothermal cooling. A comprehensive bibliography is provided.
EVALUATION OF PACKED COLUMNS IN SUPERCRITICAL EXTRACTION PROCESSES

ABSTRACT The purpose of the present work is to add to the base of knowledge in the use of packed columns when used in supercritical extraction service. Experimental studies were performed on a 2·54 cm diameter supercritical fluid extraction column operated in both spray and packed column arrangements. The packing used was 6· mm Raschig rings with a surface area of 722 m2/m3. The supercritical systems studied were carbon dioxide/ethanol/water and carbon dioxide/isopropanol/water at 102 atmospheres and 35°C and 102 atmospheres and 40°C, respectively. In order to compare supercritical with conventional extraction, similar data were obtained in the same column with the toluene/acetone/water system at one atmosphere and 24°C.
Molecular, functional, and pharmacological targets for the development of gut promotility drugs

The science of gastrointestinal motility has made phenomenal advances during the last fifty years. Yet, there is a paucity of effective promotility drugs to treat functional bowel disorders that af...
Mapping Depth to Argillic Soil Horizons Using Apparent Electrical Conductivity

Maps of apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) of the soil profile are widely used in precision agriculture. A number of ECa sensors are commercially available, each with a unique response function (i.e., the relative contribution of soil at each depth to the integrated ECa reading). Our past research estimated depth to an argillic horizon (i.e., topsoil depth, TD) on claypan soils by fitting empirical equations to ECa sensor data. The objective of this research was to determine if TD estimates could be improved by combining data from multiple ECa sensors and by solving for TD by inverting a two-layer soil model incorporating instrument response functions. Data were obtained with three sensors having five different ECa depthresponse functions (Veris 3150 * , Geonics EM38 vertical dipole mode, and DUALEM-2S) on two Missouri claypan-soil fields. Soil cores obtained in each field provided measured TD data for calibration and validation. Using a numerical optimization approach, response-function models were developed for ECa variables individually and in combination. Similarly, linear regression was applied to single and multiple variables. Root mean square error of validation (RMSEv) of single-variable TD estimates was 22 to 25 cm, with better results for those variables with moderately deep ECa response functions. Results from the model-based approach were very similar to those obtained by regressing TD on ECa 21 . The best calibrations using multiple variables in model inversion or regression were somewhat better than those using single variables, with RMSEv of 22 cm and 20 cm, respectively. For all approaches, highest TD errors were localized to one area of one field, possibly because soils in this area violated the model assumption of spatially homogeneous soil layer conductivity. Although these calibrations are sufficiently accurate to be useful in TD mapping, a model solution allowing layer conductivities to vary spatially should be investigated for possible improvements.
20-HETE is an endogenous inhibitor of the large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel in renal arterioles

The present study examined the effects of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) and 17-octadecynoic acid (17-ODYA), an inhibitor of the metabolism of arachidonic acid by P-450, on K(+)-channel activity in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSM) isolated from renal arterioles of the rat. Two types of K+ channels were characterized using inside-out excised membrane patches. One channel exhibited a large conductance (250.3 +/- 5 pS), was activated by membrane depolarization and elevations in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration, and was blocked by low concentrations (< 1 mM) of tetraethylammonium (TEA). The other K+ channel exhibited an intermediate conductance (46.3 +/- pS), was activated by membrane depolarization but not by changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and was blocked by 4-aminopyridine (5 mM). Addition of 20-HETE to the bath (1-100 nM), reduced the frequency of opening of the large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel recorded using cell-attached patches on VSM. It had no effect on the intermediate-conductance K+ channel: 17-ODYA (1 microM) increased the activity of the large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel, and this effect was reversed by 20-HETE (10 nM). 20-HETE (1-1000 nM) reduced the diameter of isolated perfused small renal arteries of the rat by approximately 15% TEA (1 mM) blocked the vasoconstrictor response to 20-HETE (100 nM). These studies suggest that 20-HETE is an endogenously formed vasoconstrictor that acts in part by inhibiting the opening of the large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel in renal arteriolar VSM.
How to use biologic agents in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who have comorbid disease

Although biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) have improved the quality of life of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, side effects remain a problem, especially for patients with pre-existing comorbidities. Randomized controlled trials of such drugs in rheumatoid arthritis typically exclude patients with comorbidities and are of short duration, so they do not provide data on adverse events in these people. Other data sources such as national bDMARD registries are limited by the preselection of patients for both conventional synthetic chemical compound disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) and bDMARDs, and although these databases document comorbidity, they rarely report its severity. This too limits definitive statements on the progression or resolution of pre-existing disease. Although bDMARDs may not be contraindicated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and certain comorbid diseases, additional assessments or precautions are recommended. This review summarizes current data on the use of bDMARDs in people with rheumatoid arthritis and common comorbid diseases. It provides an evidence base for doctors and their patients when discussing and selecting the appropriate bDMARDs.
Syncope on a Hot Summer Day

In a 63-year-old man, episodes of ventricular tachycardia causing syncope and myocardial infarction are the first manifestations of triple vessel coronary disease in the absence of arteriographic evidence of a fresh occlusion.
Volume Noise Sources in Turbulent Wake Interaction Problems: True Quadrupole Noise?

A simple 3-D airframe noise interaction problem is utilized to investigate volume source term effects arising in the context of an acoustic analogy based on a uniform flow. Simulations of the model problem were conducted to assess the effect of volume source terms and to determine whether they are due to true physical quadrupole noise. In these simulations, a cylinder is placed in the vicinity of the trailing edge of a NACA 0012 airfoil at incidence. LES is performed to compute the noise source field as well as to directly capture the quasi-far field noise. The acoustic field is additionally computed using both a fast Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) solver with the ability to directly include volume source terms, and a standard permeable surface FW-H solver. In addition to studying the origin and effect of volume source terms, the possible generation of spurious noise with commonly used permeable surface predictions is investigated. The Reynolds number for these simulations was chosen to be high enough to ensure turbulent breakdown at the trailing edge of the airfoil and in the near wake of the cylinder. Several cases were run to parameterize the problem, including variations in Mach number as well as variations in gap spacing between the cylinder and airfoil. Results show that the modification to far-field noise due to volume sources is quite pronounced and excluding their contribution results in a significant mis-prediction. This held for all cases studied, even at relatively low Mach numbers where volume sources are commonly excluded. By including only subsets of the volume source field in the FW-H predictions, it was observed that the majority of the acoustic modification stems from sources in the near wake of the cylinder. In all cases, additional spurious noise was also generated downstream when using various permeable FW-H surfaces.
The Fluid Particle Flow Effect Due to Underwater Explosion

The concept of the transient flow is advanced based on the fluid dynamics theory.The transient flow and the after flow constitute the fluid particle flow due to underwater explosion together.The fluid particle flow space and time distributed characteristics are analyzed using underwater explosion test data.The transient flow transmission distance is long but intensity is weak.The after flow intensity is high but transmission is near,drop to 1% within 3 times of bubble radius.
Research prograssing of Enterobacter sakazakii

Enterobacter sakazakii(E.sakazakii) is a member of the genus Enterobacter in the family of Enterobacteriaceae,which is a kind of gram-negative and non-spore bacillus parasitism in intestines of human or animal.It is a conditioned pathogen and can cause severe neonatal meningitis,enteracolitis and bacteremia.Mortality rates from E.sakazakii in faction have been reported to be higher than 50%.E.sakazakii have relatively high resistance to high temperature,acid and dry environment.The main microbiological methods for detection of E.sakazakii includes conventional cultural methods and various molecular biological methods based on PCR.
Distribution of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in rat ileal enterocytes

Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II is a major effector of the Ca2+ signaling pathway. It has a wide tissue distribution and phosphorylates multiple substrates. Villus enterocytes from rat ileum contain a Ca2+/CaM-dependent kinase activity that phosphorylates the exogenous neural substrate synapsin I. This phosphorylation is blocked by a specific peptide inhibitor. Antibodies made to rat brain Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II label a single band with a relative molecular mass of approximately 50 kDa in isolated rat enterocytes by immunoblot. Almost one-half of this immunoreactive protein is preferentially found in a particulate compared with a soluble subcellular fraction of the enterocytes. Virtually all of the 50-kDa band in the particulate fraction is insoluble in nonionic detergent, suggesting that the kinase is associated with the enterocyte cytoskeleton. Antibodies to Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II immunocytochemically detect fibrillar structures concentrated in the terminal web region of intestinal epithelial cells that colocalized with myosin II. This enzyme may have a role in regulating the intestinal epithelial cytoskeleton.
The Multi-Functional Cellular Adhesion Molecule CD44 Is Targeted by the 8;21 Chromosomal Translocation.

CD44 is a type I transmembrane protein and functions as the major cellular adhesion molecule for hyaluronic acid, a component of the extracellular matrix. CD44 is expressed in most human cell types and is implicated in a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes, including tumor cell growth and metastasis. Its importance in acute myeloid leukemia is highlighted by evidence of its high expression in all human acute myeloid leukemias. In addition, the treatment of leukemic blasts with anti-CD44 antibodies promotes their maturation, suggesting a potential differentiation therapy for patients and a possible role for CD44 in the growth and maintenance of leukemic blast/stem cells. We have recently identified the naturally occurring leukemogenic splice variant of the t(8;21) associated AML1-ETO gene, AML1-ETO9a. To understand the molecular mechanism of AML1-ETO-9a involved leukemogenesis, we performed micro-array analysis with a multipotential hematopoietic cell line. Out of the 39,000 transcripts, 24 decreased more than 3.5-fold including SPARC, Mac25 that are reportedly involved in proliferation of different cells. We also identified 75 transcripts with more than 3.5 fold increase that included Sca-1, Runx2 and CD44. Specifically we show that the presence of AML1-ETO9a significantly increased the expression of CD44 at both RNA and protein levels. Furthermore, the CD44 promoter region −709 to −280 bp is responsive to both AML1-ETO9a as well as AML1-ETO. Thus our observations suggest that AML1-ETO and its splice variant AML1-ETO9a are able to promote the expression of the CD44 gene, linking the 8;21 translocation directly to the regulation of an important cell adhesion molecule potentially involved in the growth and maintenance of the acute myeloid leukemia blast/stem cells.
Problem gambling and drinking among Finnish women

AimThis qualitative study expands on female problem gambling by examining short online narratives written by Finnish women. Problem gambling is analysed within the familial context in order to discover gendered roles and practices, and in relation to substance use and abuse in women's lives.DesignTwo sets of qualitative data were used in this study. The first set was collected from two online discussion forums, and the second set was extracted from an online counselling service data in 2008. Chosen messages formed short narratives of women's problem gambling trajectory (51 cases). The data were analysed in accordance with the content analysis method.ResultsWomen had started gambling either in adolescence or in adulthood. Most of the women played on slot machines or gambled online. The lack of coping skills, stressful events in life and troubled relationships made the women more vulnerable to gambling harms and other addictions. In some couples, partners were either drinking or gambling. This made the wome...
Demand response: A decisive approach for regulated market

Demand Response (DR) in an electricity market means the change in the customer's normal consumption pattern in response to changing electricity price over time. More over it minimizes the need to build new lines and network expansions by efficient usage of current capacity of distribution system infrastructure. This paper evaluates the successful practice of DR programs in the US electricity market; its striking features and benefits. The theory behind relating temperature conditions and load data to determine when a DR program could be adopted. Thereupon the ideology of this paper is to propose an effective way to implement such a worthy notion in the regulated Indian electricity market. Espousing this idea, could bring in a vital improvement against load shedding practice adopted currently to reduce excessive power in a populous and heavy power demanding country like India.
The Global Debt Crisis

Global public debt is estimated at $90 trillion, of which about $20 trillion is interest. To end the crisis and address its many societal ills; the Ramo Plan calls for: designating the International Monetary Fund (IMF) as a global central bank with powers to issue an international currency, called Ramo; giving each state the opportunity to repay its entire debt including interest by issuing credit certificates in its own currency; authorizing the IMF to open a trust account in which all funds would be kept to pay debt notes on behalf of member states as they become due; establishing four funds: a $7 trillion sustainable development fund to help poor nations develop; and educational, humanitarian and sustainable environmental funds; each with $1 trillion.
A hybrid estimation algorithm for tracking an adversarial team

This paper is motivated by the problem of two adversarial networked teams that collect information about each other and make decisions based on this information. This problem has applications in network security, economic decision making, and robotic soccer. From the perspective of one team, the quality of decision making can be improved with better methods of aggregating measurements of the other team and estimating unknown information about that team. This paper presents an approach for estimating the underlying strategy of an opposing team based on limited observations. As the opposing team has continuous and discrete states, it can be modeled as a hybrid system with continuous and discrete measurable outputs. A sequential estimation algorithm is developed which simultaneously estimates both continuous and discrete states. An example is provided which illustrates the application of this algorithm to estimating the formation of an opposing team from incomplete information.
Profile Analysis using the NEO PI-R

The five domain scores and 30 facet scales found in the NEO PI-R provide a tremendous amount of information about a client that may appear overwhelming to the beginning NEO PI-R user. Keeping the names of the scales at one’s fingertips can be difficult, and remembering the meaning of each scale even more challenging. It is always good practice to use this terminology as frequently as possible, not just when interpreting a profile. The language of the NEO PI-R is useful for conceptualizing the motivations of people, and you should try to use these labels for describing the behaviors of others. The more you use the terminology, the more adept you will become at both remembering and understanding the constructs.
Plant Signals to Soil Microbes: Regulators of Rhizosphere Colonization

It is now well-established that natural plant products induce gene transcription in plant- associated soil bacteria. For example, nodulation (nod, nol) genes in Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium as well as virulence (vir) genes in Agrobacterium are controlled by plant compounds (Long, Staskawicz, 1993). The list of plant flavonoids that regulate nod genes in rhizobia has now been extended to include diverse groups of flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides (Hungria et al., 1991; Smit et al, 1992; Phillips et al., 1994). In the case of Rhizobium meliloti, two nod-gene-inducing betaines, stachydrine and trigonelline, also are released from many Medicago species (Phillips et al., 1995). The availability of nod-gene-inducers and other compounds in soil around alfalfa roots (Leon-Barrios et al., 1993) suggests that applied ecological studies should now consider whether molecular signals from plants can affect other important microbial functions, such as growth and root colonization in soil. Understanding signal-response events that actually occur in soil should make it easier to introduce genetically improved rhizobia to soil containing indigenous strains and may enhance efforts to use other beneficial microbes that control plant disease, degrade pesticides, or deter invertebrate pests.
Assessing the Effectiveness of the Use of Mobile Technology in a Collegiate Course: A Case Study in M-learning

With the increase of mobilized and relatively inexpensive technologies, educators are challenged to consider new innovations for learning situations. This case study evaluates the use of mobile learning in a college course for instructional purposes. The study describes the specific manner in which mobile technology was utilized and then details ways student learning was impacted. The current body of literature regarding m-learning reveals a need for theoretical and pedagogical basis for m-learning within an educational context. Thus, the author developed an assessment tool to examine the use of mobile technology in a higher education course. This article reinforces m-learning should be based upon established course goals and objectives and not a particular type of electronic device. The researchers report the use of mobile technology use in this case study enhanced multiple types of learning, including, but not limited to, experiential, place-based, field-based, active, authentic, self-regulated and hands-on learning.
Income and Exchange Rate Sensitivities of Cross-Border Freight Flows: Evidence from U.S.-Canada Exports and Imports

by Junwook ChiThis paper aims to improve understanding of the long-run impacts of the gross domestic product (GDP), real exchange rate, and the producer price index (PPI) on U.S.-Canada bilateral freight flows in a dynamic framework. Special attention is given to cross-border exports and imports by truck, rail, pipeline, and air. Using the fully modified ordinary least squares (FM-OLS) approach, the paper finds that the GDP of the importing country is a pronounced factor influencing U.S.-Canada cross-border trade, suggesting that economic growth of the country is a powerful driver in the relative intensity of bilateral freight flows. The real exchange rate tends to be positively associated with U.S. imports, but negatively associated with U.S. exports, indicating that the U.S. dollar depreciation against the Canadian dollar increases demand for U.S. commodities in Canada, but weakens demand for Canadian commodities in the United States. The long-run effects of the selected economic variables on cross-border exports and imports are found to vary by mode of transportation. The Canadian GDP has a positive and significant effect on U.S. freight exports by all transportation modes, but U.S. exports by pipeline are more sensitive to a change in Canadian GDP than U.S. exports by truck and rail. The findings in this paper provide important policy and managerial implications for cross-border transportation planning in the United States and Canada.
Intrapleural Alteplase and Dornase in a Pregnant Woman With Complicated Parapneumonic Effusion

The use of intrapleural alteplase and dornase in pregnant patients remains an uncertain practice because bleeding complications in these cases could be devastating. We present a case in which we successfully used a modified protocol safely.
Does Environmental Policy Affect Income Inequality? Evidence from the Clean Air Act

This paper quantifies the impact of environmental policy on income inequality. We focus on the Clean Air act and the National Ambient Air Quality standards for fine particulate matter and ozone. Using a matched difference-in-differences estimator, we find evidence that both standards increased inequality in market income and a measure of income that deducts per-capita air pollution damage from adjusted gross income. While pollution standards can reduce pollution levels and thus result in significant environmental benefits in aggregate, our findings suggest that these standards appear to distort the distribution of economic resources in complex, and at times unfortunate, ways.
Domain Adaptive Text Style Transfer

Text style transfer without parallel data has achieved some practical success. However, in the scenario where less data is available, these methods may yield poor performance. In this paper, we examine domain adaptation for text style transfer to leverage massively available data from other domains. These data may demonstrate domain shift, which impedes the benefits of utilizing such data for training. To address this challenge, we propose simple yet effective domain adaptive text style transfer models, enabling domain-adaptive information exchange. The proposed models presumably learn from the source domain to: (i) distinguish stylized information and generic content information; (ii) maximally preserve content information; and (iii) adaptively transfer the styles in a domain-aware manner. We evaluate the proposed models on two style transfer tasks (sentiment and formality) over multiple target domains where only limited non-parallel data is available. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model compared to the baselines.
A Balloon-Borne Three-Meter Telescope For Far Infrared And Submillimeter Astronomy

A balloon-borne three-meter telescope for far-infrared and submillimeter astronomy has been proposed jointly by the University of Arizona, the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, and the University of Chicago. The purpose of this project is to provide a facility for photometry, spectroscopy, and imaging in the spectral region 30 micrometers to 1 millimeter, which is largely inaccessible with ground-based telescopes. The three-meter telescope will provide a much needed gain in sensitivity and spatial resolution compared with present approximately one-meter sized balloon and aircraft telescopes. The telescope is to be a Cassegrain design with an angular resolution diffraction limited to a wavelength of 30 microns. It will be supported on a three axis, gyroscopically-stabilized system with a pointing stability of one arcsecond rms. The overall weight of telescope and gondola is expected to be approximately 2800 kg, assuming a lightweight mirror formed as a welded structure of Pyrex or fused silica. We are also studying the possibility of using a carbon fiber reinforced plastic sandwich panel for the primary and secondary mirrors and carbon fiber reinforced plastic members for the telescope structure. The intended operation is approximately five 8 to 10 hour flights per year carrying two instruments at a time.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Margin-Positive Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma during Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Additional Resection Does Not Improve Survival

The impact of resecting positive margins during pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) remains debated. Additionally, the survival benefit of resecting multiple positive margins is unknown. We identified patients with PDA who underwent PD from 2006 to 2015. Pancreatic neck, bile duct, and uncinate frozen section margins were assessed before and after resection of positive margins. Survival curves were compared with log-rank tests. Multivariable Cox regression assessed the effect of margin status on overall survival. Of 501 patients identified, 17.3%, 5.3%, and 19.7% had an initially positive uncinate, bile duct, or neck margin, respectively. Among initially positive bile duct and neck margins, 77.8% and 67.0% were resected, respectively. Although median survival was decreased among patients with any positive margins (15.6 vs. 20.9 months; p = 0.006), it was similar among patients with positive bile duct or neck margins with or without R1 to R0 resection (17.0 vs. 15.6 months; p = 0.20). Median survival with and without positive uncinate margins was 13.8 vs. 19.7 months (p = 0.04). Uncinate margins were never resected. Resection of additional margins when the uncinate was concurrently positive was not associated with improved survival (p = 0.37). Patients with positive margins who received adjuvant therapy had improved survival, regardless of margin resection (p = 0.03). Adjuvant therapy was independently protective against death (hazard ratio 0.6, 95% CI 0.5–0.7). Positive PD margins at any position are associated with reduced overall survival; however, resection of additional margins may not improve survival, particularly with concurrently positive uncinate margins. Adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival with positive margins, regardless of resection.
Reflecting on Corporate Crime and Control: The Wells Fargo Banking Saga:

In September, 2016 it was publicly revealed that Wells Fargo, one of the nation’s top banks, was involved in fraudulent business practices for years harming thousands of its clients. This article a...
Application of a Collective Impact Model for Latinx Studentsâ€™ Access to STEM Higher Education in Northeast Tennessee Region

Latinx population is growing rapidly, however, they are falling behind in educational attainment. In Tennessee, 17% of Latinx adults have earned an associate degree or higher, compared to 32% of all adults. This study focuses on improving Latinx studentsâ€™ access to STEM higher education in the Northeast Tennessee region. A survey was conducted among Latinx students who identified legal, financial and social challenges as barriers in their journey to higher education in STEM fields. An innovative collective impact model is proposed as a solution for this socially complex problem. Early data shows positive effects of the initiative.
Violence Intervention Advocacy Program and Community Interventions

In 2006, after a resurgence of youth violence in the City of Boston, MA, the Violence Intervention Advocacy Program (VIAP) was established at Boston Medical Center (BMC). Like other hospital-based violence intervention programs, BMC’s VIAP is an emergency department (ED)-centered program taking advantage of the short window after a traumatic injury when the victim of violence is at a crossroads and may be more amenable to an intervention. The VIAP trains staff as peer advocates for victims of violence and their family, aiding in the physical and emotional recovery from injury. These advocates partner with hospital and community groups to deliver a broad spectrum of care and offer local and national trainings in peer advocacy and trauma-informed care.
Female illness rates and illness behavior: testing hypotheses about sex differences in health.

Health surveys repeatedly show that females have higher rates of illness, disability days, and health services utilization than do males, Numerous reasons for these sex differences have been hypothesized, based on four general factors thought to differ by sex and to influence self-reported health: genetic characteristics, physicalrisks, illness behavior,andreporting behavior. This paper briefly reviews these hypotheses, then discusses research strategies to test them. The strategies vary in the type of dependent variables used (medical vs. sociomedical health indicators) and the main method of controlling predictor factors (elimination vs. statistical control). A study was completed in 1978 in the Detroit metropolitan area to (a) explore reasons for sex differences in health and (b) reveal how strongly illness behavior (perception and evaluation of symptoms, propensities to take curative actions or disability days) affects common health indicators, particularly those for the national Health Interview Surv...
Formation and characterization of multi-layered nanocavities in silicon with cascade helium implantation/anneal

Nanocavities in Si formed by He ion implantation anneal are of interest for impurity gettering in Si technology, localized lifetime control in power devices, and in layer splitting techniques used in water bonding. We have found that sequential thermal anneal is essential to obtain multiple cavity layers with cascade He implants (40-160 keV, 2/spl times/10/sup 15/-4/spl times/10/sup 16/ cm/sup -2/). This behavior is related to the vacancy generation process necessary for cavity formation. Transmission electron microscopy data reveal that, under isothermal anneal, the cavity shape changes from a distinct, aligned hexagonal geometry to a rounded spheroidal shape with increasing anneal time. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra at 77 K reveal a peak at 0.8 eV for all the He-implanted and annealed samples, attributable to band bending around the cavity interfaces. Deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements of the cavity region show broad minority carrier (electron in p-type Si) peaks indicative of the presence of defect clusters. Unusual capacitance-temperature (C-T) characteristics with steps and hysterisis are also seen, reflecting metastable behavior arising from change in structural configuration of the cavity defects.
Composition and corrosion protection of hexafluorozirconic acid treatment on steel

In this study, steel samples treated in a hexafluorozirconic acid based solution for different durations were investigated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed the existence of a zirconium oxide (ZrO2) layer on the treated steel. The increased contact angle of water on the treated steel with increased treatment duration indicated that the hexafluorozirconic acid treatment promoted the hydrophobicity of the surface. The corrosion results showed that the longer acid treatment gave rise to higher corrosion resistance of the treated steel in a 0.5 M NaCl solution by forming the better ZrO2 layer on the steel surface. The cathodic delamination of polyurethane coatings from the treated steel substrates was measured using a scanning Kelvin probe (SKP). The longer acid treatment resulted in significantly slower rate of cathodic delamination of the polyurethane coating due to the higher adhesion strength of the coating.
Em-one: an architecture for reflective commonsense thinking

This thesis describes EM-ONE, an architecture for commonsense thinking capable of reflective reasoning about situations involving physical, social, and mental dimensions. EM-ONE uses as its knowledge base a library of commonsense narratives, each describing the physical, social, and mental activity that occurs during an interaction between several actors. EM-ONE reasons with these narratives by applying "mental critics," procedures that debug problems that exist in the outside world or within EMONE itself. Mental critics draw upon commonsense narratives to suggest courses of action, methods for deliberating about the circumstances and consequences of those actions, and---when things go wrong---ways to reflect upon and debug the activity of previously invoked mental critics. Mental critics are arranged into six layers, the reactive, deliberative, reflective, self-reflective, self-conscious, and self-ideals layers. The selection of mental critics within these six layers is itself guided by a separate collection of meta-level critics that recognize what overall problem-type presently confronts the system. EM-ONE was developed and tested within an artificial life domain where simulated robotic actors face concrete physical and social problems. A detailed scenario is presented where EM-ONE enables two such actors to work together to build a table by engaging reactive, deliberative, and reflective processes operating across the physical, social, and mental realms. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Electrostatic disruption of lunar dust particles

The possibility that dust particles might explode catastrophically on the lunar surface due to electrostatic charging is examined. For the dark side along the terminator zone, dust balls and compact stony particles of micron and submicron sizes will be blown up if their surface potential is as low as a kilovolt negative. This mechanism does not operate on the sunlit side because the surface potential is only 3.5-20 volts positive.
PIAS1 Regulates Breast Tumorigenesis through Selective Epigenetic Gene Silencing

Epigenetic gene silencing by histone modifications and DNA methylation is essential for cancer development. The molecular mechanism that promotes selective epigenetic changes during tumorigenesis is not understood. We report here that the PIAS1 SUMO ligase is involved in the progression of breast tumorigenesis. Elevated PIAS1 expression was observed in breast tumor samples. PIAS1 knockdown in breast cancer cells reduced the subpopulation of tumor-initiating cells, and inhibited breast tumor growth in vivo. PIAS1 acts by delineating histone modifications and DNA methylation to silence the expression of a subset of clinically relevant genes, including breast cancer DNA methylation signature genes such as cyclin D2 and estrogen receptor, and breast tumor suppressor WNT5A. Our studies identify a novel epigenetic mechanism that regulates breast tumorigenesis through selective gene silencing.
Anxiety, repression and varieties of anti-social behavior in psychopaths.

Summary To determine if psychopaths with low anxiety are afflicted with a variety of neurosis, groups of psychopaths reporting low and high anxiety were examined with a variety of projective techniques. The use of repressive defenses, accuracy of cognition, and existence of areas of intrapsychic conflict were compared. Variance analyses indicated that the low anxious psychopaths represented a mixture of psychopathic types with a wide range of use of repressive mechanisms. Analysis of uncommon themes on the TAT produced a list of apparent appropriateness for both types of subjects.
Monoclinic selenium crystal growth

Abstract The growth of large single crystals of monoclinic selenium by precipitation from solution in carbon disulfide is described. Some results of measurements of the solubility of monoclinic selenium in carbon disulfide and various halogenated hydrocarbons are also reported.
Reconstructing curves in three (and higher) dimensional space from noisy data

We consider the task of reconstructing a curve in constant dimensional space from noisy data. We consider curves of the form C = [(x,y1,•••,yc) | yj = pj(x)], where the pj's are polynomials of low degree. Given n points in (c+1)-dimensional space, such that t of these lie on some such unknown curve C while the other n-t are chosen randomly and independently, we give an efficient algorithm to recover the curve C and the identity of the good points. The success of our algorithm depends on the relation between n, t, c and the degree of the curve C, requiring t = Ω (n deg(C)) 1/(c+1). This generalizes, in the restricted setting of random errors, the work of Sudan (J. Complexity, 1997) and of Guruswami and Sudan (IEEE Trans. Inf. Th. 1999) that considered the case c=1.
m7GpppG Cap Dependence for Efficient Translation of Drosophila 70‐kDa Heat‐Shock‐Protein (Hsp70) mRNA

To investigate whether preferential translation of the heat-shock mRNAs occurs via cap-independent translation, the requirement for the m7GpppG cap structure for efficient translation of 70-kDa heat-shock-protein (Hsp70) mRNA was quantified by in vitro translation and by in vivo translation following electroporation. Hsp70 mRNA was transcribed in vitro with and without a cap structure. Translation in the rabbit reticulocyte or wheat germ lysate was reduced about 70% when the cap was absent. For comparison, translation of uncapped encephalomyocarditis virus 5'-untranslated-region-containing mRNA was equal to or greater than capped mRNA, whereas translation of several non-heat-shock mRNAs was reduced by 85-95% when capping was omitted. Cap-dependent translational stimulation of Hsp70 is not due to increased stability, is not a kinetic effect, and requires the methylated GpppG. To confirm the in vitro analyses, capped and uncapped mRNA were introduced into Drosophila tissue culture cells by electroporation, followed by heat shock. Paralleling the in vitro results, uncapped Hsp70 mRNA translation was 70-80% reduced relative to the capped form. Complementary experiments in which eIF-4 was inactivated in vitro using either m7GTP cap analogue or foot-and-mouth-disease virus L protease expression likewise indicated that the cap-dependent translation pathway is required for optimal Hsp mRNA translation. Since cellular Hsp70 mRNA translation during heat shock is very efficient, it is unlikely that translation via a cap-independent pathway is the principal basis for preferential translation.
Coping with Node Misbehaviors in Ad Hoc Networks: A Multi-dimensional Trust Management Approach

Nodes in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are required to relay data packets to enable communication between other nodes that are not in radio range with each other. However, whether for selfish or malicious reasons, a node may fail to cooperate during the network operations or even attempt to disturb them, both of which have been recognized as misbehaviors. Various trust management schemes have been studied to assess the behaviors of nodes so as to detect and mitigate node misbehaviors inMANETs. Most of existing schemes model a node's trustworthiness along a single dimension, combining all of the available evidence to calculate a single, scalar trust metric. A single measure, however, may not be expressive enough to adequately describe a node's trustworthiness in many scenarios. In this paper, we describe a multi-dimensional framework to evaluate the trustworthiness of MANET node from multiple perspectives. Our scheme evaluates trustworthiness from three perspectives: collaboration trust, behavioral trust, and reference trust. Different types of observations are used to independently derive values for these three trust dimensions. We present simulation results that illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in several scenarios.
Assessing Significance of Peptide Spectrum Matches in Proteomics: A Multiple Testing Approach

In the analysis of data from proteomic mass spectrometry experiments, an important issue is determining which of the observed peptide spectrum matches (PSMs) represent true positives. We view this problem through a multiple testing framework and develop procedures for deciding true PSMs. A key feature that makes the problem relative unique to the differential expression problem in microarray analysis is that the null distribution can potentially be estimated from the data. However, this renders much of the asymptotic results from the statistical literature to be invalid. We prove some new key results for this problem using empirical process theory. We also develop a new multiple testing procedure that employs multivariate information from the peptide sequence searches. The proposed methods are studied using a real data set as well as simulated data.
Effects of Female Age and Egg Size on Growth and Mortality in Rainbow Trout

Abstract Progeny from 2- and 5-year-old brood stock of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were studied for 324 days after spawning to evaluate the effects of female age and egg size on hatchability, mortality, and growth of fry. The 5-year-old brood stock produced larger eggs with better hatchability, which resulted in larger, faster growing fry and fingerlings with lower mortalities.
Social support: The provider's experience

Abstract This article provides an overview of our ongoing program of research on the provision of social support following various stressful life events, including chronic illness, bereavement, and relationship dissolution. Results are discussed in terms of three primary questions: (a) How are significant others affected by the stressors or losses experienced by the support recipient? (b) What factors are associated with the provision of both helpful and unhelpful support? and (c) What is the relation between the type and amount of support offered by a significant other and the support recipient's adjustment? With regard to the first question, our studies suggest that support providers are not immune to the stress of the loss experienced by the support recipient and in fact report more stress in some areas than do support recipients. Second, the provision of both helpful and unhelpful support seems to be more a function of the support providers' distress levels than of a lack of knowledge about what kind ...