cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical Outcomes and Intraocular Pressure Control After Scleral-glued Intraocular Lens Insertion in Eyes With Pseudoexfoliation.

Purpose To analyze clinical outcomes and intraocular pressure control following scleral-glued intraocular lens (IOL) fixation in eyes with pseudoexfoliation (PXF). Methods A retrospective chart review and outcome analysis was performed on a series of eyes undergoing glue-assisted, scleral-fixated (scleral-glued) IOL insertion in the setting of PXF and poor or absent capsular support. Results In total, 28 eyes were included in the study. The indications for scleral-glued IOL fixation included late endocapsular IOL dislocation (21/28, 75%), exchange for iris-fixated IOL due to complication (4/28, 14%), subluxed crystalline lens (2/28, 7%), and aphakia after complicated cataract surgery (1/28, 4%). In total, 15/28 (54%) eyes had diagnosed preexisting glaucoma at the time of scleral-glued surgery. The most common postoperative complication was ocular hypertension requiring escalation of medical management, which occurred in 8/28 (29%) eyes. At final follow-up, corrected distance visual acuity was equivalent to or improved from preoperative measurements in 25/28 (89%) eyes. Conclusions The scleral-glued surgery is a good option for fixating an IOL in eyes with PXF and poor zonular integrity or absent capsular support. Special attention should be placed on intraocular pressure control following surgery, which can be less predictable in PXF eyes with or without preexisting glaucoma.
Addition of Red Wine on the Physicochemical Properties and Sensory Characteristics of Uncured Frankfurter-type Sausage

The aim of this work was to evaluate the quality and sensory characteristics of ready-to-eat (RTE) frankfurter-type sausage cured with celery juice powder and including red wine. Four frankfurter treatments including a conventionally cured treatment without red wine (control) and three treatments cured with pre-converted vegetable juice powder and 0%, 5% or 10 % (v/w) red wine were prepared. Adding 5% red wine increased the a*-value, and the textural resilience, cohesiveness and springiness of the frankfurters, as well as decreased lipid/protein oxidation of the final products. Added wine also introduced new volatiles (alcohol and ester compounds) to the frankfurters. The effects of red wine might be advantageous in natural and organic processed meats where nitrite concentrations are typically less than in conventionally cured products. However, the addition of excess amounts of red wine (10%) to the meat batter may have negative effects on the meat quality.
On the Use of Iterative Methods with Supercomputers for Solving Partial Differential Equations

The paper describes research in the Center for Numerical Analysis of The University of Texas on the numerical solution of elliptic partial differential equations by descretization methods. The emphasis is on iterative algorithms and software for solving large sparse systems of linear equations. Particular attention is paid to the treatment of nonsymmetric systems, which correspond to non-self-adjoint problems, and to the use of supercomputers.
Convexity Bias in the Pricing of Eurodollar Swaps

The traditional use of LIBOR futures prices to obtain surrogates for the Eurodollar forward rates is proved to yield a systematic bias in the pricing of Eurodollar swaps when one assumes that the yield curve is well described by the Heath-Jarrow-Morton model. The resulting theoretical inequality is consistent with the empirical observations of Burghardt and Hoskins (1995), and it provide a theoretical basis for price anomalies that are suggested by more recent empirical data.
Investigation of genetic linkage in human families.

Investigators in human genetics have relied on family studies to identify genetic traits, and the analysis of clusters of clinical symptoms in families has led to the identification of an impressive array of disease entities. In many instances, such genetic inferences have been confirmed by identification of specific molecular defects (Stanbury et al., 1983), clarifying the pathophysiology of inborn errors of metabolism and providing clues to their prevention and therapy. More often, however, our suspicion of genetic involvement rests entirely on the observed pattern of familial distribution of a phenotype. Whether such an inference rests on careful inspection or on elaborate analyses of familial segregations, it lacks specificity: the postulated gene may not exist, and even if it does, phenotypic segregation patterns alone provide no opportunities for its identification.
Group Codes. Sequential Decoding

This chapter is in the nature of an appendix designed to introduce the reader to an important body of current research. References will be found in the remarks which follow the chapter.
Protein C Separation from Human Blood Plasma Derivatives Using Low Cost Chromatography

Protein C (PC) deficiency can cause thrombosis, inhibiting oxygen transport to tissue thus resulting in many complications, including death. Present treatment can cause catastrophic bleeding and other major medical problems. PC treatment has no bleeding or skin necrosis problems because it circulates in the blood as a zymogen and is only activated when and where it is needed.
Recent Advances and Future Directions in Multi-Disciplinary In Situ Oceanographic Measurement Systems

A remarkable number of advances in multi-disciplinary in situ measurement systems have been made during the past decade. The number of types of multi-disciplinary measurements and their temporal and spatial scale ranges have been expanded significantly. Particularly important developments have occurred in optical and acoustical instrumentation. These have enabled many biological measurements on scales comparable to those of CTD’s and current meters. In addition, new systems which collect essentially colocated and concurrent multi-disciplinary data have been developed. Further advances in multi-disciplinary measurement systems will be dependent upon new sensor and system technology and the availability of economical bio-optical and acoustical sensors, fiber optics and telemetry. The study of global scale oceanic problems will require both satellite remote sensing and selective in situ observations. Moored, drifting and expendable bio-optical and physical measurement systems are quite attractive for the latter purpose because of their potential for expanding the ranges of temporal and spatial measurements and greatly increasing the number of observations.
“Nature is an Organized Whole”: J.F. Fries’s Reformulation of Kant’s Philosophy of Organism

Jakob Friedrich Fries (1773–1843) was without question a man of his romantic time. Nevertheless Fries retained Kant’s conviction that a critique of reason was not only the primary task of philosophy, but one whose limiting results could never be displaced or overcome. While many of his romantic contemporaries wished to address what they perceived to be Kant’s unsatisfactory fracturing of the unity of human reason into a series of primary capacities, Fries openly continued to defend the prerogatives of critical philosophy. The distinction between the critical approach of Fries on the one hand and that of Reinhold, Fichte, Schelling and Hegel on the other was responsible for what Kuno Fischer had referred to as the two Kantian schools in Jena in the postKantian period.1
Spatial Ability and Earth Science Conceptual Understanding

Although spatial ability is related to success in the sciences, relatively little research has considered the relationship of spatial abilities with common misconceptions and broader conceptual dif...
Experimental Comparison of Performance Between Single and Dual Core Energy Recovery Ventilation Systems

In cold climates, the defrost strategies of the dominant conventional single core heat/energy recovery ventilators (HRVs/ERVs) involve the recirculation of exhausted (return) warm air across the heat exchanger core and back into the supply air for the house. In harsh cold climates, this type of defrost strategy can undermine ventilation performance. A dual core ERV design could overcome this issue by providing continuous ventilation. It has a potential to perform better than a conventional single core unit and meet the rigorous requirements for operation in the Canada’s North. This paper provides an experimental comparison of the efficiency between single and dual core ERVs using the twin houses at the Canadian Centre for Housing Technology (CCHT) as a test bed. The side-by-side testing also provided valuable data to measure the impact of the installation of a dual core ERV in a real residential application. Both houses were operated identically and monitored for a range of winter weather conditions. Changes in test house performance due to the innovative dual core design were observed and compared to the performance of the reference house. The parameters that were compared include: efficiency, airflow, indoor temperature and relative humidity, and energy consumption. This paper discusses the effectiveness of the dual core design ERV, energy use of the house and the ventilation rate.
Severe cutaneous necrosis associated with type I cryoglobulinemia.

Cryoglobulins are circulating immunoglobulins that aggregate and precipitate in cold temperatures in vitro, and can be asymptomatic or cause a variety of manifestations in the skin, nerves, and kidneys in vivo. The distinction between type I and mixed cryoglobulinemias relates to pathologic mechanisms at the tissue level. Here we present the case of a healthy woman who had severe infarctive skin necrosis associated with type I cryoglobulinemia. This case serves to alert the clinician to the utility of skin biopsy in differentiating type I cryoglobulinemia from the other causes of thrombotic vasculopathy.1, 2, 3, 4
Methods for Population Research on Substance Use and Consequences.

This chapter reviews the array of methods used in contemporary research on population-level research on substance use and its consequences. We argue that there are critical questions that can best – or in some cases, only – be addressed at the level of a population. We then describe the major categories of data collection methods used in population research, including surveys, ecological momentary assessment, administrative data, audit methods, and unobtrusive assessment of substance use. Two categories of measures are then discussed: measures of an individual’s use of substances and related problems and measures of harm to others caused by one’s use. We then review factors that may be considered causes or correlates of substance use and consequences, including both individual and environmental factors. We close with a few thoughts on the accumulation of knowledge and its translation to policy and practice.
Applying Statistics to Research, and Advanced Statistical Methods

As you have progressed through this book, you have learned seven inferential statistics methods. However, even the most mathematically savvy student can sometimes have difficulty applying what they have learned to real-life research situations. Students – and some professionals – often have two challenges in applying these statistical methods: • Selecting an appropriate statistical method to analyze their data. • Understanding complex statistical methods. This chapter is designed to help you overcome these two hurdles to using statistics with real data. As a result, it is structured differently from the other chapters in this textbook. Rather than a thorough exploration of relevant statistical procedures, this chapter is designed to be a reference guide that students can turn to when they are using statistics to analyze their own data. Therefore, this chapter does not include the mathematical, step-by-step procedures; instead, it relies more on interpretation and the use of software. You will also notice that the software guides in this chapter are dispersed throughout the chapter – rather than being placed at the end. Learning Goals • Select an appropriate statistical method for a given research question. • Explain how multiple regression fits into the general linear model (GLM). • Interpret multiple regression results. • Define nonparametric statistics and recognize when their use is appropriate. • Distinguish between univariate and multivariate statistical methods. How to Choose a Statistical Method With the seven statistical methods that we have discussed so far in this textbook – and with the many more methods available – sometimes one of the biggest challenges is just to know which statistical procedure to use. Many students are surprised to learn that the choice of statistical methods depends mostly on two characteristics of the data: (1) the number of independent and dependent variables, and (2) the levels of data for the different variables. Yet, this makes sense because, as we have progressed from one null hypothesis test to another (Chapters 7–13), we have had to tweak the eight steps of statistical significance testing to accommodate different types of data. Figure 15.1 is a chart to guide you through the process of choosing an appropriate statistical analysis procedure. The first five columns of boxes represent the characteristics of the data that influence what statistical procedure to adopt.
Improving Measurement in Couple and Family Therapy: An Item Response Theory Primer

The valid and reliable assessment of individual and relational functioning relies on high-quality assessment tools. Most assessments used in the field of couple and family therapy were developed using Classical Test Theory (CTT). An alternate theory for guiding the creation, evaluation, and scoring of assessments is Item Response Theory (IRT). IRT has several advantages over CTT and can be used to improve measurement in the field. For example, the IRT approach creates measures that are significantly more precise, yet uses fewer items, than scales created using CTT. This manuscript provides an overview of how IRT differs from CTT and describes the fundamental concepts and assumptions of IRT. Following this summary, we provide a step-by-step example of how IRT can be used to reduce the length of the Marital Disaffection Scale from 21 to 6 items without losing a significant amount of information about the construct.
A Case of Treated Penile Melanoma with Gastric Recurrence

Melanoma is a very aggressive skin cancer that could metastasize to any organ in the body. The treatment of melanomas includes surgical resection, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. After resections, melanomas could recur at the previous site or present as a distant metastatic lesion. The symptoms of melanoma are vague and primarily occur because of the local disruption of the tissue architecture. Presented here is a case of gastric melanoma that presented with abdominal discomfort and melena in a patient with a history of penile melanoma that was completely resected 3 years earlier. This case illustrates the importance of having metastatic lesions to the intestinal tract as a differential for a patient with gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
PET/CT Image Artifacts

The merging of PET and CT into one system promises to improve the management of cancer patients as outlined in the previous chapters. Several terms are used to describe such systems: combined gantry, hybrid scanner, inline system, integrated systems or mechanical image fusion systems.
Syntactic Analysis of Region Boundaries and Other Curves

Encodings of curves as sequences of arcs are particularly suited for syntactic descriptions. If each arc is labeled by a symbol from a finite alphabet, then the curve is mapped into a string over such an alphabet and the classical theory of formal languages [8.1] is directly applicable. Much of the early work in syntactic pattern recognition has used representations based on the chain code or its variants (for a review see [8.2]). A recent example of its use can be found in the work of JARVIS [8.3]. Under this formalism each symbol corresponds to an arc of very short length and the symbol name signifies the direction of a linear segment approximating the arc (see Sec.7.5). This has the advantage of obtaining encodings very easily, but it places the burden for noise removal on the syntactic analyzer. It also requires the use of syntactic methodology for checking relatively simple geometrical properties, like length equality. These disadvantages may be overcome if we preprocess the input curves and obtain encodings in terms of symbols which represent higher order structures rather than small arc segments. Piecewise polynomial approximations offer one possibility, since they remove much of the noise and make information regarding simple properties, like length, readily available. However, they cannot be represented in terms of a finite alphabet, and, for certain applications, they may offer an encoding which is still too “elementary”. In this chapter we shall describe techniques which overcome these problems and produce curve descriptions in terms of finite alphabets, but with each symbol representing a more complex part of a curve than a short arc or an arc which is nearly linear.
Design of the ICRH antenna for TPX

A 6-MW ion cyclotron (IC) system for the Tokamak Physics Experiment (TPX) is in the preliminary design phase. In conjunction with the 3-MW Lower Hybrid system and the 8-MW neutral beam system, the IC system will provide heating and current-drive capabilities to explore advanced tokamak physics and long-pulse (1000 s) operation. The IC launcher consists of six nickel-plated current straps arranged toroidally in pairs behind three water-cooled Faraday shields. The Faraday shields can be independently and remotely detached by cutting water lines at the back of the launcher and removing bolts at the front to free each shield. The antenna can be located at the +2 cm flux line and retracted 10 cm. Faraday shields are usually copper- or nickel-plated stainless steel or inconel. Titanium is the preferred material to minimize activation without greatly decreasing electrical resistivity and therefore increasing disruption loads. The IC antenna research and development programs have provided data that confirm the feasibility of B/sub 4/C-coated nickel-plated titanium alloy in the TPX environment.
Computation of Viscous Flow Around Propeller-Shaft Configurations

A recently-developed method for predicting propeller-hull interaction, one in which a numerical method for calculating the viscous flow over the stern and in the wake of a ship is coupled with a propeller performance program in an interactive and iterative manner to predict the combined flow field, was validated by performing comparisons between computational results and extensive available experimental data for propeller-shaft configurations. The steady flow results are in excellent agreement with the data and show that the procedures can accurately predict many details of the flow field.
Evolutionary construction of granular kernel trees for cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor activity comparison

With the growing interest of biological data prediction and chemical data prediction, more and more complicated kernels are designed to integrate data structures and relationships. We proposed a kind of evolutionary granular kernel trees (EGKTs) for drug activity comparisons [1]. In EGKTs, feature granules and tree structures are predefined based on the possible substituent locations. In this paper, we present a new system to evolve the structures of granular kernel trees (GKTs) in the case that we lack knowledge to predefine kernel trees. The new granular kernel tree structure evolving system is used for cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor activity comparison. Experimental results show that the new system can achieve better performance than SVMs with traditional RBF kernels in terms of prediction accuracy.
Evidence for bulk oxygen in La2CuO4+ delta : Specific-heat studies.

Specific-heat measurements of a powder sample of La{sub 2}CuO{sub 4+{delta}} with {delta}{similar to}0.13 indicate the presence of bulk oxygen, as determined by transitions at 24, 43.7, and 54.5 K as found in solid O{sub 2}. A large difference in the cubic specific-heat temperature coefficients of a high-pressure-oxygenated superconducting sample and an ambient-pressure-oxygenated nonsuperconducting sample of La{sub 2}CuO{sub 4+{delta}} can be attributed to the unbound oxygen. Electronic specific-heat coefficients {gamma} of the two samples are 2.4{plus minus}0.3 and 0{plus minus}0.3 mJ/K{sup 2} mol, respectively. Effects of bulk oxygen on measured thermodynamic properties of high-temperature superconductors are discussed.
Maria Mitchell's Legacy to Vassar College: Then and Now

Maria Mitchell became Vassar’s first Astronomy Professor and Observatory Director in 1865. Her teaching emphasis on students learning by direct observation and analysis is continued today at Vassar College. Several of her students went on to prominence in astronomy, two of them succeeding her at Vassar. Astronomy majors today, both male and female, consistently achieve success after Vassar, in astronomy as well as in other fields. She encouraged her students to present their findings at scientific meetings and in scientific journals, also encouraged today as undergraduates co-author research papers with faculty members. She insisted on excellent facilities and built up the library collection, maintained today to a standard remarkable for a college of just under 2,500 undergraduate students.
Modeling the uptake of sulfur by crops on three alluvial soils of Louisiana: Wheat

Abstract The Cushman and Barber mechanistic model was used to help elucidate the mechanisms that govern the uptake of sulfur (S) by plants. Sulfur uptake predicted by the model was compared to measured S uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum [L]) grown on Gallion very fine sandy loam (Typic Hapludalf), Mhoon silty clay loam (Typic Fluvaquenf), and a Norwood silt loam (Typic Udifluvent) under glasshouse conditions. Predicted S uptake was significantly correlated with observed uptake r2=0.85. However, the model over predicted S uptake by a factor of 10.4. The assumption that the maximum ion Influx rate (Imax ) for roots growing in soils is the same as the Imax measured in solution cultures experiments may not be appropriate. Better agreement between observed and predicted S uptake values was achieved by using an estimated Imax obtained from soil studies (Is ). Using Is , predicted vs observed S uptake had a slope of 1.5 and r2=0.93. The model predicted that when S concentration in soil solution (Clo ) at the r...
The excess enthalpies of eight (ethane + alcohol) mixtures at 298.15 K

Abstract The excess enthalpies H E of ethane + methanol, + ethanol, + n -propanol, + n -butanol, + n -pentanol, + n -hexanol, + n -octanol, and + n -decanol were measured at 6900 kPa and 298.15 K with an isothermal flow calorimeter with a reproducibility of better than 1 per cent. All mixtures showed non-ideal behavior with both positive and negative regions of H E . A modified form of the Redlich-Kister equation was found to give a good fit of the H E 's over the composition range investigated.
The structure of Palau'amide, a potent cytotoxin from a species of the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya.

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract of a species of Lyngbya from Palau has yielded Palau'amide (1), which had an IC50 value of 13 nM against KB cells. The structure of 1 was elucidated by NMR analysis in a variety of solvents. In particular, a gradient-enhanced band-selective HMBC experiment allowed unambiguous assignment of HMBC correlations to carbon signals that were separated by 0.1 ppm. The relative stereochemistry and the absolute configurations of all but one (C-37) of the nine chiral centers were determined by NMR analysis of the α-methoxyphenylacetic acid (MPA) derivatives and chiral HPLC of the degradation products of 1. The assignment of S rather than R stereochemistry at C-37 is discussed in detail.
Developmental regulation of ecdysteroid receptors in the nervous system of Manduca sexta

The technique of steroid hormone autoradiography has been used to study the cellular distribution of ecdysteroid binding sites in the ventral nervous system of the tobacco hornworm moth, Manduca sexta. The ligand was 26-[125I]iodoponasterone. Tissue was examined from the subesophageal ganglia, thoracic ganglia, and abdominal ganglia of larvae at two times during the larval-pupal transition: the 2nd day of wandering and the prepupal stage. The patterns of neuronal binding seen were compared with those found in earlier autoradiographic studies of hormone binding in tissue sampled on the 1st day of wandering, in the pharate adult, and in the 4-day-old moth (Fahrbach and Truman, '89). The pattern of binding was reproducible but dependent upon developmental stage: whereas only a subset of neurons exhibited nuclear accumulation of radiolabeled ecdysteroids on the 1st day of wandering, less than 24 hours later nearly every neuron in the ventral nervous system was labeled. A limited pattern of binding, however, was seen again in the prepupal nervous system. Thus, the insect nervous system is able to use a single hormone both as a general cue for metamorphic development and as a signal targeted to stage-specific subsets of neurons by alternating periods of ubiquitous expression of receptor with periods during which the capacity to bind the steroid hormone is highly restricted.
Residual Stress Analyses of a Multi-Pass Girth Weld: 3-D Special Shell Versus Axisymmetric Models

In this paper, detailed weld residual stress analyses are presented for a typical multi-pass girth weld in Type 316L stainless steel pipe with r/t ratio of 25. Advanced finite element procedures were used to simulate the residual stress development under controlled welding conditions associated with weld mock-ups. Both axisymmetric and 3-D special shell element models were used to reveal local residual stress details and global residual stress characteristics in the girth weld. Residual stress measurements using hole-drilling method were conducted for model validation on the laboratory weld mock-up welds. A good agreement between finite element predictions and experimental measurements were obtained. The major findings include: (a) Axial residual stresses within and near the weld area exhibit a strong bending feature across the pipe wall thickness, while the hoop residual stresses showed a much less variation through the wall thickness. (b) Some periodic variation of the residual stresses is present along the pipe circumference near the weld, particularly for the axial residual stress component. Such a variation tends to become more pronounced in thick wall than in thin wall girth welds. A 3-D model is essential to adequately capture such 3-D features in residual stress distributions. (c) A rapid variation in weld residual stresses can be seen at start/stop positions, where a high magnitude of axial residual stresses is present in both tension and compression.
Measurement of the Binding Capacity of Corticosteroid-Binding Globulin in Human Plasma

ABSTRACT Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) of human plasma can be inactivated selectively by heating for 20 minutes at 60 C. Under these conditions cortisol binding by albumin is not altered significantly. These findings provide the basis of a quantitative measurement of plasma CBG binding capacity in which double equilibrium dialysis is conducted with native and heat-inactivated plasma with sufficient cortisol-4-C14 to permit equilibrium and the saturation of CBG binding sites. The difference in bound cortisol-4- C14 in the 2 bags represents binding due to CBG. Knowing the specific activity of cortisol in the system, we can express CBG binding capacity as μg of cortisol bound per 100 ml of plasma. The mean CBG binding capacity of normal human plasma was 20.1 ±sd 5.2 μg/100 ml. The CBG binding capacity rose to between 30 and 128 μg/100 ml in pregnancy and after the administration of high doses of estrogen. Abnormalities of CBG binding capacity were observed in a number of plasma samples from patients ...
Effect of Gymnodinium breve toxin on potassium influx of erythrocytes.

Abstract Gymnodin, an ichthyotoxin isolated from cultures of the Florida red-tide organism Gymnodinium breve Davis, was purified by gel filtration chromatography (Sephade LH-20 and chloroform). The effect of gymnodin on potassium influx of rabbit erythrocyte suspensions at 37°C was measured using 42 KCl in blood buffer. Relative fluxes (potassium influx for test relative to methanol control) were obtained as a function of the amount of added gymnodin. At the highest concentrations studied (0·4 mg/ml), the relative flux was doubled; with successive dilution of gymnodin, the relative flux decreased and at the lowest dilution studied (10 −5 –10 −6 ) the relative flux was 0·25. A constant concentration of gymnodin (0·4 mg/ml) was used and relative fluxes were determined as a function of the external potassium concentration, [K 0 + ] e , over the range 1–10 mM. Two patterns were observed in the diagnostic plot (relative flux vs log 10 [K 0 + ] e ). The first, a linear increase, was observed for several erythrocytes (human, rabbit and bovine). The second, no variation of flux with external potassium concentration, was observed for genotypically distinct sheep red cells, HK and LK that have high potassium (low sodium) and low potassium (high sodium), respectively.
Performance Study of LU Factorization with Low Communication Overhead on Multiprocessors

In this paper, we make efficient use of asynchronous communications on the LU decomposition algorithm with pivoting and a column-scattered data decomposition to derive precise computational complexities. We then compare these results with experiments on the Intel iPSC/860 and Paragon machines and show that very good performances can be obtained on a ring with asynchronous communications.
POSSIBLE CONTRIBUTIONS OF Recent Researches in Psychology TO RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

(1949). POSSIBLE CONTRIBUTIONS OF Recent Researches in Psychology TO RELIGIOUS EDUCATION. Religious Education: Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 211-216.
German Television in the United States and Abroad1

In this article, I review the options that teachers and students have to obtain German TV in the U.S.: through satellite and cable networks and by streaming, downloading, or recording TV programs through the internet. I also address how one can access TV programs over the air in the German-speaking countries by using a notebook PC and TV card.
Development of corporate planning staff

Abstract This article considers the problems associated with the development of corporate planning staff in multi-divisional organizations. The author points out that formal planning has grown phenomenally during the last decade and there is a need to consider the development of corporate planning staff to meet the exacting challenges of the job.
What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

Experimental evidence from the domain of color perception is presented for a version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis that is considerably weaker than the version usually proposed.
Athermal nerve sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: Initial experience with microporous polysaccharide hemospheres as a topical hemostatic agent

Purpose Microporous polysaccharide hemospheres (MPH) are hemostatic beads engineered from plant starch to accelerate the natural clotting cascade. The purpose of this report is to detail our initial experience with MPH as a topical hemostatic agent during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).
Untreated short-term course of major depression: a meta-analysis of outcomes from studies using wait-list control groups

Abstract Introduction: While the short-term response rates to antidepressant medication and placebo are well established, very little is known about the short-term course of untreated depression. Knowledge of the course of untreated depression can serve as a benchmark for assessing the true benefits of active treatment. Method: A meta-analysis was performed analyzing the outcomes of all psychotherapy studies that randomized adult outpatients with major depressive disorder to a wait-list control group. Results: Nineteen studies involving 221 subjects were reviewed. The mean decrease in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores over 2–20 weeks was 11.9%, while the mean decrease in Beck Depression Inventory scores was 15.7%. Using a subsample of studies that reported individual outcomes, we estimated that 15 of 76 subjects (19.7%) improved to a degree comparable to what would be considered a positive response in antidepressant trials. Conclusions: In the short-term, depressive symptomatology can be expected to decrease by about 10–15% on average without treatment. As many as 20% of subjects who participate in a short-term antidepressant trial may experience a spontaneous remission.
The effect of an immunomodulator (parapoxvirus ovis) on cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in abruptly weaned foals.

Abstract The weaning process of foals involves a period of considerable stress which likely contributes to an increased risk of infectious disease in these young horses. Mechanisms responsible for this heightened risk of infection remain unknown, although likely due to compromised cell-mediated immunity. Parapoxvirus ovis (PPVO), an immmunomodulator, has been shown to limit the severity of infectious disease outbreaks among horses and has been shown to enhance CMI responses. Thus, an objective of this study was to investigate the effect of PPVO therapy on cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses of abruptly weaned foals. A group of foals ( n = 6) were given an intramuscular injection of PPVO on days −2, 0 (weaning) and 9. An additional group of foals ( n = 5) received the diluent only on the same days serving as controls. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all foals prior to weaning (day 0) and on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, and 21 after weaning. Whole blood samples were prepared to determine in vivo cytokine mRNA expression by reverse transcription and real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated and stimulated to determine in vitro cytokine production by intracellular staining using flow cytometry and gene expression was measured by RT-PCR. Cytokines analyzed in this study were interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Regardless of PPVO treatment, foals undergoing the weaning process showed a significant decrease in both in vivo and in vitro cytokine (IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10) production. These results indicate that abrupt weaning significantly impacts CMI of the foal which may increase susceptibility to infectious agents.
How Buyers Perceive Savings in a Bundle Price: An Examination of a Bundle's Transaction Value:

Although bundling, the selling of two or more products and/or services at a single price, has a history of economic research, marketing-oriented investigations have appeared only recently. This pap...
Stochastic resonance and suboptimal radar target classification

Stochastic resonance has received significant attention recently in the signal processing community with emphasis on signal detection. The basic notion is that the performance of some suboptimal detectors can be improved by adding independent noise to the measured (and already noise contaminated) observation. The notion of adding noise makes sense if the observation is the result of nonlinear processing, and there exist proven scenarios where the signal-to-noise ratio improves by adding independent noise. This paper reviews a set of parametric and nonparametric sub-optimal radar target classification systems and explores (via computer simulation) the impact of adding independent noise to the observation on the performance of such sub-optimal systems. Although noise is not added in an optimal fashion, it does have an impact on the probability of classification error. Real radar scattering data of commercial aircraft models is used in this study. The focus is on exploring scenarios where added noise may improve radar target classification.
Ten Global “Hotspots” for the Neglected Tropical Diseases

Since the founding of PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases more than six years ago, I have written about the interface between disease and geopolitics. The neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are the world's most common infections of people living in poverty [1]. Where they are widespread in affected communities and nations, NTDs can be highly destabilizing and ultimately may promote conflict and affect international and foreign policy [2]. Many of the published papers in this area were recently re-organized in a PLOS “Geopolitics of Neglected Tropical Diseases” collection that was posted on our website in the fall of 2012, coinciding with the start of our sixth anniversary [3]. From this information, a number of new and interesting findings emerged about the populations who are most vulnerable to the NTDs, including the extreme poor who live in the large, middle-income countries and even some wealthy countries (such as the United States) that comprise the Group of Twenty (G20) countries [4], as well as selected Aboriginal populations [5]. Together, the PLOS “Geopolitics of Neglected Tropical Diseases” collection and the G20 analyses identified more than a dozen areas of the world that repeatedly show up as ones where NTDs disproportionately affect the poorest people living at the margins. Here, I summarize what I view as ten of the worst global “hotspots” where NTDs predominate (Figure 1). They represent regions of the world that will require special emphasis for NTD control and elimination if we still aspire to meet Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and targets by 2015; they are regions that may need to be highlighted again as we consider post-MDG aspirations and new Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Figure 1 Ten neglected tropical disease “hotspots” around the globe.
Job attitudes of police: Overall description and demographic correlates☆

Abstract Anonymous questionnaire data were obtained from 312 policemen (ca. 80% sample) in a midwest city. The primary emphasis was on obtaining descriptive data from standardized and/or frequently used measures which had not heretofore been administered to policemen. In general, these police appeared to be not dissimilar from other “typical” industrial samples as regards their patterns of job satisfaction, need gratification and orientation, job involvement, dogmatism, anti-Negro bias, and supervisory orientation. They were, however, more dissatisfied with their jobs than were comparable groups. The most significant correlates (determinants?) of job attitudes were the policemen's age, rank, and job assignment. The data were also factor analyzed, the results of which are not reported here.
Teaching an Undergraduate Seminar in Psychotherapy

I describe an undergraduate seminar course on psychotherapy that includes both didactic and experiential components. Students attend lectures, discuss case material, read texts on psychotherapy, and participate in role-playing sessions based on different theoretical orientations. These simulated therapy sessions are videotaped and shared during class. Students critique their own role-plays and receive feedback from peers both in and out of the classroom. Such a course improves communication stills and gives undergraduates hands-on experience in a simulated therapeutic setting. Course evaluations are summarised.
Graduated incarceration: The Israeli occupation in subaltern geopolitical perspective

Abstract This paper highlights the importance of analysis of the microgeographies of occupation, and the spatially-differentiated means that the Israeli Occupation Forces use to maintain the occupation and create spaces of graduated incarceration for Palestinians. Using the examples of the hinterlands of Qalqiliyah and the old city of Al-Khalil (Hebron) in the occupied West Bank, this paper exposes the microgeographical differentiation the occupation mobilizes in its attempt to enact a panoptic sovereignty over the population, in the process of dispossession. This study challenges geopolitical formations of the state as primary actor, and focuses instead on narratives of Palestinians describing their own experiences of occupation by a hostile state. By relying on popular media, semi-structured interviews, and participant observation, this paper seeks to incorporate a Palestinian vision of life under occupation to challenge traditional geopolitical visions of the Palestinian Israeli conflict, in effect creating a subaltern geopolitical narrative.
The tensile instability of an inflated cylindrical membrane as affected by an axial load

In order to determine the effect of the meridional stresses developed in a gore of a high-altitude balloon on the film response in the circumferential direction, a long cylindrical elastic membrane subjected to uniform hydrostatic pressure and an axial load is analyzed. The analysis is first performed using a constitutive relation that assumes linearity between true stresses and Ludwik-Hencky (logarithmic) strains and then using a new non-linear constitutive relation developed by the author for neoprene film.1, 2 The analysis using the “linear” constitutive relation predicts that the axial load has no effect on the value of the tensile instability pressure while the non-linear analysis predicts a significant effect. Experiments were performed with thin-walled tubes of latex rubber, an elastomer with a similar stress-strain response to that of neoprene. The findings agree with the results of the non-linear analysis in the stable regions where the membrane retains its cylindrical shape.
Optical Second Harmonic Generation Studies of Azobenzene Surfactant Adsorption and Photochemistry at the Water/1,2-Dichloroethane Interface

The surface-sensitive spectroscopic technique of optical second harmonic generation (SHG) is employed to study the adsorption and photochemistry of surfactant molecules at the water/1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) interface. Resonant SHG measurements at 730 nm are used to monitor the adsorption of the azobenzene surfactant 4-[[(dodecyloxy)benz-4-yl]azo]benzoic acid (DBA) from DCE solution to the interface at an aqueous pH of 8 or greater. The concentration and pH dependence of the resonant SHG from the adsorbed monolayer indicates that the DBA exists in its anionic (carboxylate) form at the interface. In a series of combined photochemical/SHG experiments the trans/cis photoisomerization of the adsorbed DBA anions is examined. SHG measurements demonstrate that illumination of the surface with light at 365 nm converts the adsorbed trans-DBA molecules to the cis isomer. The cis-DBA anion is found to be unusually stable at the liquid/liquid interface, and the entire photoactive monolayer (total area 4 cm2) can be ph...
Post-translational processing of the insulin-like growth factor-2 precursor. Analysis of O-glycosylation and endoproteolysis

Insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2) is expressed in most embryonic tissues and is required for normal development during gestation. After birth IGF-2 expression is extinguished in most tissues, but the gene is often reactivated during tumorigenesis. Tumors secrete high molecular weight forms of IGF-2 that result from aberrant post-translational processing of pro-IGF-2. As a first step toward understanding how high molecular weight IGF-2 peptides might contribute to tumor progression, we have characterized the biosynthesis of IGF-2 in a human embryonic cell line. We have found that pro-IGF-2 can initially form two disulfide isomers that undergo rearrangement to a single conformation in vivo. The addition of N-acetylgalactosamine to Ser71, Thr72, Thr75, and Thr139 likely occurs in the cis- Golgi apparatus. Sialic acid addition begins in the trans- Golgi apparatus, but IGF-2 peptides must reach the trans-Golgi network for oligosaccharide maturation to be completed. Endoproteolysis occurs concomitant to or slightly after oligosaccharide maturation. Cleavage was observed only at Arg104, resulting in the secretion of IGF-2-(1-104) and free E-peptide. Proteolysis required basic residues in the P1 (Arg104) and P4 (Arg101) positions, was completely blocked by a furin inhibitor, and was enhanced by coexpression with furin, PACE4, PC6A, PC6B, and LPC. These data suggest that members of the subtilisin-related proprotein convertase family mediate processing of pro-IGF-2 at Arg104. We did not detect the IGF-2 peptides that are most abundant in normal serum, mature IGF-2, and IGF-2-(1-87), in this expression system, which indicates that novel endoproteases are responsible for generating these products.
Theory of optical spectra of exciton condensates

We present theoretical calculations of optical absorption-gain spectra for condensed excitons in both three dimensional (3D), 2D, and quasi-2D systems (appropriate for semiconductor quantum wells) as functions of the electron-hole pair density and temperature. The ladder diagram contribution to the vertex function (exciton effect) is included in our calculation. We found that fluctuations cannot destroy the condensation of excitons in 2D at finite temperatures as opposed to a theory of free bosons and the case of Cooper pairs in superconductivity. Such a difference is attributed to the fact that electrons and holes carry opposite charges as opposed to the same charges carried by the Cooper pairs in the case of superconductivity. Our studies show that the effects of exciton Bose condensation on the absorption-gain spectra remain present for temperatures up to 130 K for a 2D system with exciton binding energy of 30{endash}40 meV (appropriate for ZnSe systems). {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Extranodal nonorbital indolent lymphomas of the head and neck: relationship between tumor control and radiotherapy.

Abstract Purpose To review our experience managing extranodal nonorbital indolent lymphomas of the head and neck. Patients and methods A retrospective review was made of 40 patients with indolent lymphomas of the head and neck evaluated at Stanford. The tumor head-and-neck location was Waldeyer's ring, 14; salivary glands, 16; thyroid, 4; and other sites, 6. Twenty-five were Stage I–IIE. Pathology was re-reviewed in 37. The most common histologies were marginal zone lymphoma and follicular grade 2. Patients received combinations of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Local therapy included surgery alone in 6 patients, radiotherapy alone in 7, and surgery plus radiotherapy in 12. Median follow-up was 70.5 months. Results Freedom from local progression was 86%, and freedom from progression was 61% at 5 years. Patients with radiotherapy had significantly better freedom from local progression (5-year, 100% vs. 72% for patients without radiotherapy, p = 0.006) and freedom from progression (5-year, 90% vs. 34% for patients without radiotherapy, p = 0.001). Improvement in freedom from progression with radiotherapy was statistically significant for Stage I–II patients (88% vs. 50%, p = 0.02) and of borderline significance in Stage III–IV patients (100% vs. 23%, p = 0.07). Overall survival at 10 years was 70%. Multivariate analysis revealed that significant prognostic factors for survival were tumor site (favoring salivary and thyroid, p = 0.02) and age (favoring younger, p = 0.04). Conclusion Survival is excellent in patients with indolent lymphomas of the head and neck. Patients with salivary and thyroid primary tumors had better survival compared with others. Early use of radiotherapy resulted in significantly higher rates of freedom from progression and freedom from local progression in early-stage patients.