cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Final Design of a Superconducting MHD Magnet for the Coal-Fired Flow Facility at the University of Tennessee Space Institute

The superconducting magnet system (SCMS) consists of a superconducting magnet, magnet cryostat, a helium refrigerator/liquefier facility, a helium gas-handling system, apparatus for cryogenic transfer and storage, a magnet power supply, an integrated instrumentation and control system including a computer for magnet operation, data acquisition, system status and diagnosis, and magnet protection. The complete system will be tested at Argonne and installed at the Coal-Fired Flow Facility (CFFF) at the University of Tennessee Space Institute (UTSI) in 1981. The cryogenic aspects and magnet safety are described and analyzed elsewhere [1,2].
Cl− and K+ transport in human biliary cell lines

Abstract Background: The cellular mechanisms which contribute to billing secretion and absorption are not fully defined. The purpose of these studies was to evaluate the membrane ion transport properties of Mz-ChA-1 and Sk-ChA-1 cell lines derived from human biliary tumors. Methods: In cultured cells, 125 I and 36 Cl efflux rates were used to assess membrane anion permeability, and 86 Rb efflux rates were used to assess K + permeability. Results: Sections of tumors grown on BALB/ Urd mice were used for morphological evaluation and for detection of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), the protein product of the cystic fibrosis gene. There was organized development of ductular structures and cells stained for γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and CK-19. Immunoperoxidase staining for CFTR, which is likely a Cl − channel, was also present. Increases in intracellular Ca 2+ stimulated by exposure to ionomycin or thapsigargin increased efflux of 125 I, 36Cl , and 86 Rb. Efflux of 125 I was greater than 36 Cl, and anion efflux was inhibited by the Cl − channel blocker 4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid. Increases in 5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate increased efflux of 36 Cl greater than 125 I but had no effect on 86 Rb efflux. Both cell lines possess bumetanide-sensitive 86 Rb uptake consistent with possible Na + /K + /2Cl − cotransport. Conclusions: These human cell lines retain certain phenotypic features of differentiated biliary cells and may be useful for further investigation of biliary fluid and electrolyte transport.
Improvement of sagittal balance and lumbar lordosis following less invasive adult spinal deformity surgery with expandable cages and percutaneous instrumentation

Object The treatment of adult spinal deformity (ASD) remains a challenge for the spine surgeon. While minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has many favorable attributes that would be of great benefit for the ASD population, improvements in lordosis and sagittal balance have remained elusive in cases involving the MIS approach. This report describes the evolution of an MIS method for treating ASD with attention to sagittal correction. Methods Over an 18-month period 25 patients with thoracolumbar scoliosis were treated surgically. The mean patient age was 72 years, and 68% of the population was female. Patients were treated with multilevel facet osteotomies and interbody fusion in which expandable cages (mean 3.2 levels) were placed and percutaneous screw fixation (mean 5.3 levels) was performed. Seven patients underwent supplemental percutaneous iliac fixation. Results All patients underwent MIS without conversion to a traditional open procedure. The mean operative time was 273 mins and the mean blood loss wa...
Transient absorpion following flash photodissociation of halogens in rare gases

Abstract Flash photodissociation of Cl 2 in Kr, and Cl 2 , Br 2 or I 2 in Xe, leads to transient UV absorption bands attributed to contact charge-transfer interaction between ground-state rare-gas and halogen atoms. With XeCl or XeBr strong, narrowband absorptions occur precisely at the rare-gas halide excimer laser wavelengths.
Institutionalism as a Methodology

We provide a definition of institutionalism and a schematic account that differentiates between institutional theories (in which institutions are exogenous) and theories of institutions, in which some (but not necessarily all) institutions are endogenous. Our primary argument is that institutionalism in the contemporary context is better characterized as a method than as a body of substantive work motivated by the so-called chaos problem. Secondary arguments include the following. (1) While it is important to differentiate sharply between institutions and behavior, institutionalism presupposes a well-defined behavioral concept. (2) When making the challenging transition from developing institutional theories to developing theories of institutions, it is essential to hold behavioral axioms fixed and to choose a form of equilibrium that exists for the class of games studied. (3) For most research programs today, a form of Nash equilibrium has the requisite properties while the core, and structure-induced eq...
Cell proliferation and apoptosis during prostatic tumor xenograft involution and regrowth after castration

The biological mechanisms involved in androgen-dependent and -independent prostate cancer growth after castration were analyzed in the LuCaP 23.1 human prostate cancer xenograft model. Athymic mice (n = 82) bearing LuCaP 23.1 xenograft were castrated and tumors were harvested at different time points from day 0 to day 112 post castration. In each group of mice, tumor growth rate (TGR), serum PSA concentration, percentage of tumor cells incorporating bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR index), percentage of apoptotic tumor cells assessed by morphological analysis (apoptotic index), and presence of apoptosis-related DNA "ladder" were analyzed. Castration induced a significant decrease in TGR and serum PSA from day 1 to day 7, and a progressive increase in the 2 parameters from day 14 to day 112, heralding androgen-independent tumor relapse. Meanwhile the BUdR and apoptotic indexes varied as follows after castration: an increase was noted for both at day 3, a significant increase in apoptotic index with a decrease in BUdR index from day 5 to day 14, and a progressive decrease in apoptotic index while BUdR index remained at 50% of the pre-castration value from day 28 to day 112. DNA ladder was present sparsely in tumors grown in non-castrated hosts, universally present in tumors from day 1 to day 28 post castration, and frequent in tumors from day 56 to 112. Castration-induced effects in LuCaP 23.1 tumors were characterized by an increase in number of apoptotic cells and a decrease in proliferative activity. The androgen-independent tumor relapse after castration was associated with a low apoptotic index with no increase in proliferative activity.
Random impulsive scan for lidar sampling

In this paper, we address the problem of sampling the LIDAR range map. The significance of this problem is based upon the fact that large datasets generated by sampling inefficiently impose storage, processing and transmission limitations. Current compression approaches addressing these issues rely on collecting large amounts of data to analyze and throw away the redundancies. Unfortunately, the sampling performed by these approaches is still inefficient. Our approach to compression consists instead, on using a random uniform impulsive scan sampling scheme with sampling densities depending on the surface complexity. Turns out that the number of scanned time-resolved waveforms required to achieve “good” approximations, needs to satisfy the bound equation, where equation is an estimator of the surface numerical rank. Such a bound allows one to sub-sample surfaces which are close to a low-rank space and update, on the fly, the sampling densities required to improve the quality of the approximation.
An analysis of electroluminescent brightness waves

Abstract Using the concept of impact ionization as the means of excitation of electroluminescence and making an assumption concerning the phase relationships between applied voltage and exciting electrons, an equation has been derived which gives the time dependence of the instantaneous brightness. Solutions of this equation are compared to experimental brightness waves and similarities pointed out. The main result is that the existence of secondary peaks in the brightness waves is predicted without reference to trapping phenomena or delayed recombination.
Symmetrical bronchial pattern with normal atrial morphology

An infant with trisomy 21 and tracheostenosis is described. Postmortem findings included symmetrical bronchi, normal atrial arrangement ("situs") and anomalous thoracic vessels. The lack of concordance between the bronchial morphology and atrial arrangement supports the premise that atrial morphology is a more accurate predictor of the presence or absence of the isomerism syndromes.
Chromosomal localization of the gene for a human cytosolic thyroid hormone binding protein homologous to the subunit of pyruvate kinase, subtype M2.

A cDNA for the gene that encodes a human cytosolic thyroid hormone binding protein (p58) recently has been isolated and sequenced. Analysis of the p58 sequence indicates that it is identical to the subunit of pyruvate kinase, subtype M2. By in situ hybridization, the gene for p58 was mapped to 15q24–25. This localization shows that the p58 gene is not linked to the L-type of pyruvate kinase, which is located on chromosome 1. The p58 gene was found to be activated in several forms of cancer. Current localization will permit us to assess the effect of alterations involving chromosome 15 on the structure and activity of the p58 gene in neoplasms or chromosome syndromes.
Unbalanced translocation (15;17)(q13;p13.3) with apparent Prader‐Willi syndrome but without Miller‐Dieker syndrome

We studied after death a 3-month-old girl whose karyotype was 45,XX, − 15, − 17, + der(17),t(15;17)(q13;p13.3) and thus combines abnormalities of chromosome 15 associated with the Prader-Willi syndrome and of chromosome 17 associated with the Miller-Dieker syndrome. This infant had several manifestations of the Prader-Willi syndrome in infancy but none of the Miller-Dieker syndrome. We propose that essentially no loss of 17p material has occurred and confirm previous reports that the critical region for the production of the Miller-Dieker phenotype is located subterminally in the 17p13.3 region.
METHOD OF MEAN VALUE OPERATORS FOR RADON TRANSFORMS IN THE SPACE OF MATRICES

We extend the Funk–Radon–Helgason inversion method of mean value operators to the Radon transform of continuous and Lp functions which are integrated over matrix planes in the space of real rectangular matrices. Necessary and sufficient conditions of existence of for such f and explicit inversion formulas are obtained. New higher-rank phenomena related to this setting are investigated.
Dislocation loop nucleation in irradiated metals

Abstract The formalism for analyzing the co-precipitation kinetics of vacancies and self interstitials into voids is extended to the nucleation of positive and negative prismatic dislocation loops in a reactor environment. Steady-state nucleation rates and incubation times are calculated for various conditions of temperature and supersaturation. Vacancy loop formation is particularly sensitive to interstitial involvement; the nucleation rate may drop by twenty orders of magnitude for a miniscule change in interstitial arrival rate. Both kinds of loops may nucleate under conditions typical of the fast breeder reactor, but interstitial loops are predicted to form much more readily. Incubation times are typically rather small (≲ 1 sec) so that steady-state nucleation is obtained rather quickly after any change in temperature or in defect concentrations.
Recent developments and future directions in mathematical programming

Recent advances in mathematical programming methodology have included: development of interior methods competing with the simplex method, improved simplex codes, vastly improved performance for mixed-integer programming using strong linear programming formulations, and a renewed interest in decomposition. In addition, use of vector and parallel processing has improved performance and influenced algorithmic developments. Application areas have been expanding from the traditional refinery planning and distribution models to include finance, scheduling, manufacturing, manpower planning, and many others. We see the acceleration of better methods and improved codes moving together with faster, lower-cost, and more interesting hardware into a variety of application areas, thereby opening up new demands for greater function of optimization codes. These new functions might include, for example, more powerful nonlinear codes, decomposition techniques taking advantage of network and other problem-dependent structures, and mixed-integer capability in quadratic and general nonlinear problems.Stochastic scenario programming and multitime-period problems are becoming solvable and open up applications and algorithmic challenges. The IBM Optimization Subroutine Library has helped to accelerate these changes but will have to continue to change and expand in ways that are touched upon in this paper.
Smoothed Local Symmetries and Their Implementation

We introduce a novel representation of two-dimensional shape that we call smoothed local symmetries (SLS). Smoothed local symmetries represent both the bounding contour of a shape fragment and the region that it occupies. In this paper we develop the main features of the SLS repre sentation and describe an implemented algorithm that com putes it. The performance of the algorithm is illustrated for a set of tools. We conclude by sketching a method for deter mining the articulation of a shape into subshapes.
Optimizing imaging hardware for estimation tasks

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Purification and characterization of an iron stress-induced chlorophyll-protein from the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans R2.

Abstract An Anacystis nidulans R2 chlorophyll-protein associated with Photosystem II in iron-stressed cells (Pakrasi, H.B., Riethmann, H.C. and Sherman, L.A. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 6903–6907) has been biochemically purified and characterized. Anion exchange chromatography of dodecyl-β- d -maltoside-solubilized membranes from iron-defecient cells was used to recover this chlorophyll-protein (termed CPVI-4) in high yield and in a relatively native state. CPVI-4 has a room temperature absorption maximum at 671 nm, a 77 K chlorophyll fluorescence peak at 681 nm, and contains polypeptides of 36, 34 and 12 kDa. The 36 and 34 kDa polypeptides are associated with chlorophyll on mildly denaturing acrylamide gels of purified CPVI-4, although only the 34 kDa protein is immunoreactive with antisera elicited against the gel-purified chlorophyll-protein. Immunoblotting experiments with dodecyl-β- d -maltoside-solubilized membrane fractions and purified CPVI-4 indicate that CPVI-4 does not contain previously identified Photosystem III core proteins. CPVI-4 likely functions as a light-harvesting antenna complex in iron-starved cells (where phycobilisomes are absent or diminished) and, in addition, may contribute chlorophyll to the reaction center complexes during their assembly in the early stages of recovery from iron stress.
Stability of periodic solutions of state-dependent delay-differential equations

Abstract We consider a class of autonomous delay-differential equations z ˙ ( t ) = f ( z t ) which includes equations of the form (⁎) z ˙ ( t ) = g ( z ( t ) , z ( t − r 1 ) , … , z ( t − r n ) ) , r i = r i ( z ( t ) ) for 1 ⩽ i ⩽ n , with state-dependent delays r i ( z ( t ) ) ⩾ 0 . The functions g and r i satisfy appropriate smoothness conditions. We assume there exists a periodic solution z = x ( t ) which is linearly asymptotically stable, namely with all nontrivial characteristic multipliers μ satisfying | μ | 1 . We prove that the appropriate nonlinear stability properties hold for x ( t ) , namely, that this solution is asymptotically orbitally stable with asymptotic phase, and enjoys an exponential rate of attraction given in terms of the leading nontrivial characteristic multiplier. A principal difficulty which distinguishes the analysis of equations such as (⁎) from ones with constant delays, is that even with g and r i smooth, the associated function f is not smooth in function space. Techniques of Hartung, Krisztin, Walther, and Wu are employed to resolve these issues.
Identification of the gene cluster for the dithiolopyrrolone antibiotic holomycin in Streptomyces clavuligerus

Streptomyces clavuligerus, an industrially important producer of clavulanate as well as cephem antibiotics, also produces the N-acylated dithiolopyrrolone antibiotic holomycin, a reported inhibitor of RNA synthesis. The genome sequence of S. clavuligerus ATCC 27064 was examined for a potential biosynthetic gene cluster, assuming that holomycin arises from some derivative of an l-Cys-l-Cys dipeptide that has undergone eight-electron oxidation, fused five-five ring formation, and decarboxylation. ORFs 3483–3492 comprise a candidate cluster, with a predicted acyltransferase, a stand-alone nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) module, and four flavin-dependent oxidoreductases. Deletions of ORF3488, the NRPS module, and ORF3489, a phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase homolog, abolished holomycin production both in wild type and in a holomycin-overproducing mutant. Heterologous expression and purification of ORF3488 allowed demonstration of l-Cys-AMP formation and subsequent covalent tethering of Cys to the phosphopantetheinyl arm of the thiolation domain of this NRPS protein. Purified ORF3483 shows acyltransferase activity, converting holothin to holomycin and longer acylated homologs as the last step in antibiotic assembly.
Racial Segregation Among Places of Employment

Indices of racial segregation in employment are presented for black and non-Hispanic white workers in the same occupational category. Controlling on the availability of blacks in each category, the most racially segregated groups are laborers and service workers. At each occupational level, women are more racially segregated from one another than are men, although differential employment in high- and low-segregation industries accounts for some of these differences. The racial composition of an establishment's work-force in one occupation is strongly related to its racial composition in other occupations, particularly though, within the blue collar and white collar subgroups. The black proportions of sales workers and clerical workers are higher the more the total establishment's employment is concentrated in that occupation. Further research directions are suggested.
Developing a Multicomponent Model of Nutritious Food Access and Related Implications for Community and Policy Practice

Access to nutritious foods is limited in disenfranchised communities in the United States. Policies are beginning to focus on improving nutritious food access in these contexts; yet, few theories are available to guide this work. We developed a conceptual model of nutritious food access based on the qualitative responses of food consumers in 2 different regions of the American South. Five domains (economic, service delivery, spatial–temporal, social, and personal) and related dimensions of nutritious food access were identified. The conceptual model provides practical guidance to researchers, policy makers, and practitioners working to improve nutritious food access in communities.
Light on the Dark Ages in Czech Economic History: The Work of Arnośt Klima

The underlying theme in almost all of Arnost Klma's writings on economic history is that of the transition from feudalism to capitalism. This theme is not only one of the most problematic in economic history, but also has emerged time and again in different guises as a central theme from the days of Marx, Sombart, and Weber to the most current writings on economic development, on the economics of slavery and serfdom, and in the most recent discussions of proto-industrialization. Professor Klma's work has centered on various aspects of these problems, primarily in the light of the rich history of the Bohemian crownlands in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Probably of as much importance as his large body of writings on the subject is the fact that through his participation in international conferences and his numerous contributions to journals in non-Slavic languages he has emerged from the 1950s up to the present as the major Czech voice in economic history familiarizing foreign readers with the Bohemian experience with respect to ongoing scholarly discussions.
Prostaglandin F2α inhibits adipocyte differentiation via a Gαq‐Calcium‐Calcineurin‐Dependent signaling pathway

Prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) is a potent physiological inhibitor of adipocyte differentiation, however the specific signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in mediating its anti-adipogenic effects are not well understood. In the current study, we now provide evidence that PGF2alpha inhibits adipocyte differentiation via a signaling pathway that requires heterotrimeric G-protein G alpha q subunits, the elevation of the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), and the activation of the Ca2+/calmodulin-regulated serine/threonine phosphatase calcineurin. We show that while this pathway acts to inhibit an early step in the adipogenic cascade, it does not interfere with the initial mitotic clonal expansion phase of adipogenesis, nor does it affect either the expression, DNA binding activity or differentiation-induced phosphorylation of the early transcription factor C/EBPbeta. Instead, we find that PGF2alpha inhibits adipocyte differentiation via a calcineurin-dependent mechanism that acts to prevent the expression of the critical pro-adipogenic transcription factors PPARgamma and C/EBPalpha. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the inhibitory effects of PGF2alpha on both the expression of PPARgamma and C/EBPalpha and subsequent adipogenesis can be attenuated by treatment of preadipocytes with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A. Taken together, these results indicate that PGF2alpha inhibits adipocyte differentiation via a G alpha q-Ca2+-calcineurin-dependent signaling pathway that acts to block expression of PPARgamma and C/EBPalpha by a mechanism that appears to involves an HDAC-sensitive step.
Interactions between Pineal, Hypothalamus and Pituitary Involving Melatonin, MSH Release-Inhibiting Factor and MSH

Increased melanocyte-lightening activity was found in the plasma of hypophysectomized rats as assayed by direct application to the pituitaries of frogs which had been previously darkened by removal of the hypothalamus. A decrease in this activity by destruction of the hypothalamus of the hypophysectomized rat suggested that MSH release-inhibiting factor (MIF) was involved. Pinealectomy of the hypophysectomized rat or extraction of the plasma with chloroform also decreased the plasma melanocyte-lightening activity, indicating the contribution of melatonin to the lightening effect. The presence of increased amounts of both Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 (PLG), an MIF, and melatonin in the plasma of hypophysectomized rats, as compared with intact controls, was supported by the use of thin-layer chromatography. In addition, a potentiating action of PLG upon the skin lightening activity of melatonin was observed. These experiments suggest new dimensions to the pineal-hypothalamic-pituitary axis. (Endocrinology 91: 1323, 1972)
Are we stuck in the standards

To avoid duplication of effort, slow adoption and inefficiency in development, those developing biological standards need to communicate more with each other, attract help from experts in the ontology/standards communities and keep focused on needs of users.
Regional inequality in the development of Pakistan

This study evaluates the impact of Pakistan's development policies on regional development, using multi-variate statistical techniques of analysis. Regional economic development policies were inspired by the growth pole theory, but the centralized sectoral planning processes, relying on the market mechanism on the one hand and controlled fiscal and monetary policies on the other, have increased interregional development inequalities. The growth pole planning strategies have stimulated very little development in the lagging areas, especially agricultural development. Future planning strategies need to be divised that will assure development advances in Pakistan's backward regions.
Nanoporous carbon films for gas microsensors.

We study nanoporous carbon (NPC) as an adsorbent coating on surface acoustic wave (SAW) chemical microsensors for a wide range of analyte gases. By use of pulsed-laser deposition in a controlled inert gas ambient, NPC grows at room temperature with negligible residual stress and, hence, can coat most surfaces to any desired thickness. Acetone adsorption isotherms for NPC-coated SAW devices with mass density ranging from 0.18 to 1.08 g/cm3 indicate that the device frequency response relates to NPC density. Data analysis suggests the possibility of detecting acetone below parts-per-billion concentrations. We find NPC to be highly sensitive to a variety of other volatile organic and toxic industrial compounds. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that lower-density NPC has both larger and greater numbers of nanopores than higher-density NPC and that decreasing NPC density also increases the interplanar spacing between graphene sheet fragments within the ultrathin carbon wall structures. These physical di...
Symbiosis between Euglena and Damselfly Nymphs Is Seasonal

An endosymbiotic association has been demonstrated between Euglena and nymphs of three species of damselfly. The hindgut of the nymphs is inhabited by the euglenoid only during the winter. Symbiotic associations involving green euglenoids and insects are virtually unknown.
Early Childhood Visual Arts Curriculum: Freeing Spaces to Express Developmental and Cultural Palettes of Mind

(2009). Early Childhood Visual Arts Curriculum: Freeing Spaces to Express Developmental and Cultural Palettes of Mind. Childhood Education: Vol. 86, No. 2, pp. 87-91.
Organ-specific human alcohol dehydrogenase: Isolation and characterization of isozymes from testis

Class III alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) predominates in human testis. The two isozymes of this class were isolated jointly by affinity and conventional ion exchange chromatography. They display anodic electrophoretic mobility at pH 8.2, are completely insensitive to 4-methylpyrazole inhibition and oxidize ethanol and other short-chain primary alcohols very poorly. Thus, their kinetic and inhibition characteristics are identical to human liver class III ADH. In contrast, class I ADH is a barely detectable component of testicular alcohol dehydrogenase. The physicochemical characteristics of class III ADH are virtually identical to those of alcohol dehydrogenases found in other organs.
Stealth KM: how to make KM successful in any organization

Purpose – The knowledge economy presents new demands for government departments and agencies to deliver improved levels of service to their clients. Citizens expect services to be delivered effectively and economically, and at the same time they expect the knowledge that government holds will be shared with them, to be part of the products government delivers. To meet this increased level of expectation, departments and agencies have begun focusing more on the need to manage their corporate knowledge with the same diligence with which they manage their other organizational assets. This article seeks to look at ways to help organizations and individuals to meet these business objectives.Design/methodology/approach – The article presents a strategy and approach for implementing knowledge management (KM) successfully in any organization, one that takes KM right back to its basics.Findings – Despite the pressure to address knowledge‐related issues, it appears that government institutions are not adopting KM a...
Displacements of rectal temperature modify behavioral thermoregulation.

Abstract During behavioral thermoregulation, the temperature of the body core rises (or falls) in response to cooling (or warming) the medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus. Brief thermal displacements of the deep viscera of squirrel monkeys, accomplished via a rectal thermode, stimulate behavioral alterations of skin temperature in similar fashion to comparable hypothalamic thermal displacements, but only 1 3 as effectively. Prolonged rectal warming (or cooling), superimposed upon hypothalamic cooling, modifies behavioral thermoregulation by lowering (or raising) the skin temperature displacement necessary for the monkeys to achieve thermal balance. The behavioral response thus depends upon whether the imposed rectal temperature opposes or supports the normal physiological response to hypothalamic cooling. On the other hand, hypothalamic warming appears to exert such strong control over mechanisms for lowering body temperature that superimposed rectal temperature displacements have no additional effect upon the behavioral response.
Static and dynamic properties of water-in-oil microemulsions near the critical and percolation points

The three-component ionic microemulsion system consisting of AOT/water/decane shows an unusual phase behaviour in the vicinity of room temperature. The phase diagram in the temperature-volume-fraction (of the dispersed phase) plant: exhibits a lower consolute critical point at about 40 degrees C and 10% volume fraction. A percolation line, starting from the vicinity of the critical point, cuts across the plane, extending to the high-volume-fraction side at progressively lower temperatures. This phase behaviour can be understood in terms of a system of polydispersed spherical water droplets, each coated by a monolayer of AOT, dispersed in a continuum of oil. These droplets interact with each other via a hard-core plus a short-range attractive interaction, the strength of which increases with temperature. We show that Baxter's sticky-sphere model can account for the phase behaviour, including the percolation line, quantitatively provided that the stickiness parameter is a suitable function of temperature. We use the structure factors measured by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) below the critical temperature to determine this functional dependence. We also investigate the dynamics of droplets, below and approaching the critical and percolation points, by dynamic light scattering. The first cumulant and time evolution of the droplet density correlation function can be quantitatively calculated by assuming the existence of polydispersed fractal clusters formed by the microemulsion droplets due to attraction. The relaxation phenomena observed in an extensive set of measurements of electrical conductivity and permittivity close to percolation can also be interpreted through the same cluster-forming mechanism, which reproduces the most relevant features of the frequency-dependent complex dielectric constant of this system.
A brief history of hemoglobins: plant, animal, protist, and bacteria.

The utility of metal-bound porphyrin rings for the transfer of electrons was established early in evolution, as witnessed by the ubiquitous cytochromes that pass electrons down an electrochemical gradient in the respiratory chain, eventually reducing 02 to H20 and yielding energy in the form of ATP in the process. Other hemoproteins catalyze a variety of oxidations, with roles as diverse as protecting cells from peroxides and breaking down the very stable wood polymer, lignin. Even in photosynthesis, where solar energy is used to take electrons from a "low-energy" donor such as H20 (evolving 02) and pass them down an ATP-yielding electron transfer chain, the porphyrin rings in chlorophylls serve to harvest the quanta of light energy and eventually feed them to the photosynthetic reaction center. Protoporphyrin IX with an iron ion coordinately bound in the middle of its flat, planar structure (known as a heme molecule when the iron is in the 2+ oxidation state) is used in proteins as diverse as cytochromes and ligninases for just such electron transfers and oxidations, with the iron switching cyclically between oxidation states. Other hemoproteins have been adapted to allow the reversible binding of oxygen to the heme, with the iron staying in its 2+ state. The proteins that carry the heme and facilitate the reversible binding of oxygen are called hemoglobins. Hemoglobins are usually thought of as the major proteins in erythrocytes circulating in the blood of vertebrates, carrying that oxygen generated by photosynthesis to the far reaches of respiring tissues in the body. Indeed, liemoglobins were first found in blood simply because they are so abundant, with a concentration in normal blood of 15 g per 100 ml. However, it has become clear that hemoglobins are very widespread in the biosphere and are found in all groups of organisms including prokaryotes, fungi, plants, and animals. Recent papers have clarified some issues about the evolution and possible functions of these hemoglobins, although many issues remain unresolved.
Femtosecond pulse processing (1997 ICO Prize Winner)

We discuss Fourier optics methods for ultrafast optical pulse shaping, waveform synthesis, and signal processing, which are achieved by spatial manipulation of the dispersed optical frequency spectra of femtosecond pulses.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Clonidine poisoning: Is there any effective therapy?

Abstract Clonidine poisoning remains a significant concern in pediatric emergency medicine. Clonidine has α-2 adrenergic agonist activity that decreases norepinephrine release centrally in the brainstem. Clinical findings include lethargy, coma, bradycardia, hypotension, respiratory depression, and occasionally, transient hypertension. Proposed specific therapies include administration of naloxone, tolazoline, and yohimbine. Additional focused treatments include atropine for bradycardia, pressors for hypertension, and antihypertensive agents for hypertension. This article discusses the effectiveness of these therapies for clonidine poisoning based on reported experience.
Effect of initial hydrogen content of a titanium alloy on susceptibility to hot salt stress corrosion.

The Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V alloy was tested in four conditions: mill annealed (70 ppM H), duplex annealed (70 ppM H), vacuum annealed to an intermediate (36 ppM) and a low (9 ppM H) hydrogen level. Material annealed at 650 C (duplex condition) exhibited resistance to hot-salt stress corrosion superior to that exhibited by material in the mill-annealed condition. Reduction of the alloy hydrogen content from 70 to as low as 9 ppM did not influence resistance to hot-salt stress corrosion embrittlement or cracking.
A swallowing disorder denoted in tardive dyskinesia patients.

An abnormal lingual condition has been detected in three clinically diagnosed Tardive Dyskinesia patients. Cinefluorographic analysis was the technique utilized to study this condition and a frame by frame tracing showed a pronounced lingual thrust to be present in each case.Tardive Dyskinesia, an extrapyraniidal syndrome caused by long term ingestion of phenothiazine drugs, is characterized by choreathetoid movements, tonic and clonic posturing, and involuntary buccolingual movements. The buccolingual movements may be so severe that the patient has difficulty talking and swallowing. Studies to investigate the swallowing disorders of extrapyranmidal origin have been limited.
Tricuspid Valve Repair for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome and the Failing Right Ventricle

Tricuspid valve regurgitation in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality. Due to the multifactorial nature of its etiology, repair of the tricuspid valve may not always address the underlying problem and fail to improve late outcome. The role of tricuspid valve repair in this condition was examined in a series of patients with severe regurgitation following a Norwood procedure. The influence of surgical technique and right ventricular function were assessed in relation to late survival and tricuspid valve function. Tricuspid valve repair was successfully performed in the majority of patients and contributed to improved late outcomes. However, patients with an initially successful repair but significant right ventricular dysfunction tended to do poorly and the function of the valve often continued to deteriorate. Those with preserved ventricular function, even with continued tricuspid regurgitation, fared much better and achieved good results with additional attempts at repair.
SUPERPLASTICALLY FORMED FRICTION STIR WELDED TAILORED ALUMINUM AND TITANIUM BLANKS FOR AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS

The purpose of this study was to develop a specialized friction stir welding process for superplastic grade aluminum alloy 5083-SP and titanium alloy 6Al-4V, in thickness of 1.5-4 mm, such that the butt welded nugget would have equal superplastic forming (SPF) characteristics as the parent sheet material. The concept of using tailored blanks for the SPF process is proposed which will allow the joining of multiple pieces to fabricate much larger monolithic components than has been possible in the past. Another benefit of using tailored blanks for SPF applications was found to be a more closely matched blank shape relative to the plan size of the SPF forming die. However, shape of the tailored blanks is critical in SPF of a component. An example of this might be the case where a polygon-shaped blank might work in order to reduce the amount of material used, but a rectangular blank is currently used because a tailor made blank with superplastic joints was not found to be technologically feasible. Upon development of a suitable FSW process for each material, the technology was applied to fabricate full scale test components representing a generic jet engine nacelle Lipskin.
Physical activity and health-related quality of life over time in adults with multiple sclerosis

OBJECTIVE This prospective panel study examined the relationship between changes in physical activity and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) across a 6-month period in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHOD Adults with a definite diagnosis of MS completed a battery of questionnaires that included the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (Godin & Shephard, 1985) and the 36-item Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36; Ware & Sherbourne, 1992) at baseline (n = 292) and 6-month follow-up (n = 276). The data were analyzed using panel analysis in Mplus 6.0. RESULTS The panel model represented an acceptable fit for the data (χ2 = 140.72, df = 56, standardized root mean square residual = 0.06, comparative fit index = 0.98). The standardized path coefficients were statistically significant between follow-up physical activity and follow-up Physical Function (β = .12, p < .005), Role-Emotional (β = .16, p < .01), Vitality (β = .13, p < .001), and Social Function (β = .12, p < .05). Those who reported a change (increase or decrease) in levels of physical activity over 6 months reported a change (improving or worsening, respectively) in HRQOL on 4 of 8 domains on the SF-36, independent of disability status, MS clinical course and duration, age, and sex. CONCLUSION The observed pattern of relationships supports the possibility that changing physical activity through an intervention might yield desirable changes in HRQOL, particularly domains representing the mental component.
Simple formulas for stationary distributions and stochastically stable states

Abstract We derive some simple formulas for limiting stationary distributions for models of stochastic evolution in two-strategy population games. As an application of these formulas, we investigate the robustness of equilibrium selection results to the assumption that the level of noise in agents' choice rules is vanishingly small.
The contiguity of liquid phase sintered microstructures

Contiguity is a measure of the dispersed phase contact area in a composite microstructure and is particularly important to the properties of liquid phase sintered materials. For an assumed spherical geometry, the contiguity is calculated for various interfacial energies, grain size ratios, and volume fractions of solid phase. The volume fraction solid is linked to the dihedral angle to indicate conditions where grain shape accommodation is necessary. The effect of a distribution in solid phase grain sizes is to lower slightly the contiguity from the monosized grain value. Coalescence is linked to the occurrence of curved boundaries at intergrain contacts involving differing grain sizes. The results are correlated to prior observations on cemented carbides.
Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection: The Role of Nuclear Medicine May Be Overestimated

article i nfo AlthoughtheInternationalConsensusMeetingonPeriprostheticJointInfection'sdefinitionofperiprostheticjoint infection (PJI) does not include nuclear imaging as part of the diagnostic criteria, many contemporary nuclear imaging studies are reporting exceptional results in PJI diagnosis. We conducted a systematic review of studies published from 2004 to 2012 reporting the accuracy of nuclear imaging for diagnosis of PJI, utilizing a specially designed tool (QUADAS-2) for critical appraisal and investigation of bias. Our results revealed high risk of bias as well as high levels of concern regarding the clinical applicability of these tests in a majority of the studies. On the basis of our findings, we recommend that the use of nuclear imaging for diagnosis of PJI be limited to a few select cases.
Human Discourse about Nature; Nature's Processes as Discourse: The Pre‐Columbian Peruvian Myth of Cavillaca

When nature's energies communicate what human beings do not want to hear and when human beings experience the pressures of this communication as reality, they confront discursive practices from nature and in nature. The Peruvian myth of Cavillaca, although a cultural artifact, nevertheless expresses what human beings cannot change or mediate in nature; nature presents grades of reality larger than human constructions of the real.
Exuberant exponence in Batsbi

Although multiple exponence has long been recognized by some, morpheme-based theories predict that it will not exist. To deal with the existence of double exponence in some languages, a variety of ways have been sought around the restrictions imposed by these theories. In Batsbi, a language of the Nakh-Dagestanian family, in principle as many as six markers may occur in a single verb (five gender-number markers and one person-number marker), each agreeing in many instances with the same argument; in fact, examples presented here have up to four agreement markers. The implications of this for linguistic theory are explored. An analysis is proposed in terms of word-based morphology.
Comparison of noninvasive markers of fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background & Aims There is a need for a reliable and inexpensive noninvasive marker of hepatic fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We compared the performance of the FIB4 index (based on age, aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT] levels, and platelet counts) with 6 other non-invasive markers of fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. Methods Using a nation-wide database of 541 adults with NAFLD, jackknife-validated areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) of FIB4 and 7 other markers were compared. The sensitivity at 90% specificity, 80% positive predictive value, and 90% negative predictive values were determined along with cutoffs for advanced fibrosis. Results The median FIB4 score was 1.11 (interquartile range=0.74–1.67). The jackknife-validated AUROC for FIB4 was 0.802 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.758–0.847), which was higher than that of the NAFLD fibrosis score (0.768; 95% CI, 0.720–0.816; P = .09), Goteburg University Cirrhosis Index (0.743; 95% CI, 0.695–0.791; P Conclusions The FIB4 index is superior to 7 other noninvasive markers of fibrosis in patients with NAFLD; however its performance characteristics highlight the need for even better noninvasive markers.
Muscle spindles in nonhuman primate extrinsic auricular muscles

Muscle spindles were sought in peri-auricular muscles of several primate species (rhesus monkey, woolly monkey, and baboon). Transverse sections cut at 10 mu and stained primarily by a silver impregnation technique were examined using light microscopy. Spindles were identified on the basis of standard criteria. Posterior and/or superior auricular muscles of each species were found to contain spindles. At least some muscles innervated by facial nerve have classical spindles as component structures.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage from a thoracic radicular artery pseudoaneurysm after methamphetamine and synthetic cannabinoid abuse: case report.

Background Context Isolated spinal artery aneurysms not associated with vascular malformations are exceedingly rare. Purpose To present a rare case of subarachnoid hemorrhage after thoracic radiculomedullary artery pseudoaneurysm rupture in a patient who abused synthetic cannabinoids and methamphetamines. Study Design Case report. Methods A 41-year-old man with a history of polysubstance abuse presented with acute-onset headache, back pain, and transient bilateral lower-extremity numbness. He reported daily use of the synthetic cannabinoid “Spice.” He denied use of other illegal drugs, but laboratory testing was positive for methamphetamines. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a focal hematoma at T2–3, and spinal angiography was negative for vascular abnormalities; however, a follow-up angiogram 6 days later revealed interval development of an irregular dilation of the left T3 radiculomedullary artery originating from the left supreme intercostal artery. Results Surgical trapping and resection of the lesion yielded a good clinical outcome. Conclusions Although two previous case reports have described patients with thoracic radiculomedullary pseudoaneurysm causing spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), this is the first reported case associated with synthetic cannabinoids and methamphetamine abuse. Although this diagnosis is exceptionally rare, clinical presentation of SAH with associated back pain and lower-extremity symptoms warrants an aggressive imaging workup. Even in the setting of negative angiography, repeat cerebral and spinal angiograms may be necessary to identify a potentially treatable cause of spinal SAH.