cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On leakage and seepage from geologic carbon sequestration sites: Unsaturated Zone Attenuation

Geologic carbon sequestration is the direct injection of CO 2 into deep geologic formations for permanent disposal. Although numerous trapping mechanisms exist in the subsurface, it is possible that CO 2 will leak from the primary sequestration target and seep out of the ground. The unsaturated zone has the potential to attenuate leaking CO 2 and decrease seepage and near-surface CO 2 concentrations. Attenuation processes include permeability trapping, ponding as dense CO 2 spreads out on the water table, solubility trapping by infiltrating or residual water, and dilution through mixing with ambient soil gas. Numerical simulations of CO 2 flowing upward through a thick model unsaturated zone were performed to investigate the sensitivity of various unsaturated zone properties on CO 2 seepage flux and near-surface CO 2 gas concentrations. These two quantities are considered drivers for health and environmental risk due to exposure to CO 2 . For the conceptual model considered, seepage flux and near-surface CO 2 gas concentrations are most strongly controlled by the leakage rate at the water table, followed by the source zone radius. Permeability and permeability anisotropy, as well as porosity and infiltration rate are also important, although to a lesser degree. Barometric pumping causes local maxima in seepage flux and near-surface CO 2 concentrations, but has negligible effect in a time-averaged sense. When the leakage source is turned off, the CO 2 plume attentuates through dissolution into infiltrating water. For the case of a constant leakage rate, the unsaturated zone can attenuate low leakage fluxes but should not be expected to attenuate large CO 2 leakage fluxes.
Clinicopathologic analysis of patients with BK viruria and rejection-like graft dysfunction

BK virus infection can be associated with interstitial inflammation, tubulitis without viral cytopathic effect, and negative in situ hybridization for viral DNA. We evaluated the consequences of increased immunosuppression in 32 viruric patients, with such acute cellular rejection-like changes in allograft biopsies (n = 50). When follow-up information was available, complete creatinine response, decrease in urine viral load (VL), and improvement in overall Banff grade for acute rejection were only seen in 13 (27%) of 49, 7 (21%) of 33, and 10 (39%) of 26 episodes of graft dysfunction, respectively. Histologic response was not always accompanied by clinical response. This low rate of response to antirejection therapy suggests that interstitial nephritis in a subset of these patients was secondary to viral infection. The presence of high VL (>1.0 E+05 copies/mL) was associated with low immune cell function values (129 +/- 99 ng of adenosine triphosphate per milliliter, P = .08) and with significant development of viremia after antirejection treatment (5/9 [56%] versus 0/24 [0%] in patients with low VL, P < .001).
Bending of micropolar plates

Abstract This paper concerns itself with the finite element formulation of micropolar plates in bending and establishes the validity of the finite element model in the form of a flat rectangular element. Results are presented to show convergence of the solution and comparisons made with the classical theory of the bending of plates.
Factors governing one-trial contextual conditioning

When a rat was placed in a chamber and shortly thereafter received a single footshock, it showed conditional freezing upon re-exposure to that chamber but not a different one (Experiment 1). Experiments 2–4 showed that the probability of this freezing decreased linearly with decreases in the delay between placement in the chamber and shock delivery. With very short delays (e.g., less than 27 sec), there was no freezing. Experiments 2 and 3 demonstrated that a 2-mm pre-exposure to the chamber, 24 h prior to shock delivery, reduced the minimum delay necessary to successfully condition freezing. Experiment 4 demonstrated that shorter delays were successful in conditioning freezing if a salient tone was a component of the contextual stimulus. The changes in freezing caused by delay interval and preexposure did not simply reflect the total time in the context, suggesting that there may be two requirements that place temporal restrictions on the conditioning of the freezing response. One is satisfied by sufficient exposure, whether or not that exposure is contiguous with shock. The second requirement is for a small amount of context exposure that is contiguous with shock.
Trypsin purification by p-aminobenzamidine immobilized on macroporous chitosan membranes

Membranes with suitable mechanical properties, chemical stability, and macroporosity which have a selectivity for trypsin were prepared by coupling a ligand (p-aminobenzamidine) to cross-linked chitosan membranes via a spacer (succinic acid). The chitosan membranes were cross-linked with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether in order to avoid their dissolution in acidic media. The cross-linked chitosan membranes were then covalently coupled with succinic anhydride, at ambient temperature, to obtain hydrophilic spacers with carboxyl terminals. The amino groups of the chitosan membranes which have not reacted with the succinic anhydride were blocked with acetic anhydride to avoid the nonspecific interactions. Finally the ligand p-aminobenzamidine (PAB) was incorporated via the coupling between the carboxyl groups of the succinic acid and the amino groups of PAB, using 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide (EDAC) as the activating agent. A PAB density of 2.7 × 10-3 mol/g of chitosan was achieved. Since ...
Anesthesiologists and Fentanyl: Fact or Fancy?

Like other professionals, physicians may develop alcohol and drug dependencies. Whenever the demographics of physicians with addictive behaviors are reported, anesthesiologists are usually overrepr...
Changes in surface composition of the Ti 6Al 4V implant alloy by cultured macrophage cells

Abstract In this study, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to evaluate the hypothesis that macrophage cells and their released compounds change Ti–6Al–4V surface oxide composition. Ti–6Al–4V surfaces, prepared to simulate clinical conditions, were exposed for 3 days to cell culture medium, macrophage cells, or macrophage cells activated to release inflammatory reactive chemical species (RCS). The as-polished samples were used as controls. The as-polished samples exhibited typical TiO 2 surface oxides. After samples were exposed to medium, only C, O and N peaks from absorbed proteins were observed. When cultured with cells or activated cells, the Ti peaks reappeared and there was a significant shift in the O 1s peak to lower metal oxide binding energies (∼530 eV). This shift was associated with a significant increase in total metal oxides on sample surfaces as compared to medium only surfaces. With activated cells, the enhancement of the surface oxides was attributed to oxidation of the surface by the RCS released by activated macrophage cells (e.g. O 2 +NO→NO 3 − and M+NO 3 − →MO+NO 2 − ). These data support the hypothesis that macrophage cells and released RCS affect Ti–6Al–4V surface oxides. Changes in surface oxides are important since they may affect alloy–tissue interactions.
Third-party apps on Facebook: privacy and the illusion of control

Little research examines the privacy threats associated with the use of third-party apps on Facebook. To address this gap in the literature, we systematically study third-party apps' current practices for privacy notice and consent by: i) collecting data from the 1800 most popular Facebook apps to record their data collection practices concerning users and their friends, and ii) developing our own Facebook app to conduct a number of tests to identify problems that exist in the current design of authentication dialogs for third-party apps on Facebook. To address these problems, we propose two new interface designs for third-party apps' authentication dialogs to: i) increase user control of apps' data access and restrict apps' publishing ability during the process of adding them to users' profiles, and ii) alert users when their global privacy settings on Facebook are violated by apps. This research provides both conceptual and empirical insights in terms of design recommendations to address privacy concerns toward third-party apps on Facebook.
Outlook in infants with univentricle anatomy using oral motor stimulation.

The conclusion statements by Coker-Bolt, P., Jarrad, C., Woodard, F., & Merrill, P. (2012). The effects of oral motor stimulation on feeding behaviors of infants born with univentricle anatomy. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 28(1), 64–71. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2012.03.024 were interesting, but the support for the conclusions was absent because of a number of shortcomings. The first shortcoming is that the effect of oral motor stimulation on gastric tube use, ENT abnormalities, or barium swallowing test was weak or absent. The second shortcoming was the shorter hospital stays of the infants in the study could be explained by other factors. These weaknesses would prevent the immediate adoption of those conclusions in health care as of now.
Markedly enhanced susceptibility to experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in the absence of decay-accelerating factor protection

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by loss of acetylcholine receptors (AChR’s) due primarily to the production of anti-AChR autoantibodies. In this study we investigated whether the presence of decay-accelerating factor (DAF or CD55), an intrinsic complement regulator, protects against the development of disease. Experimental autoimmune MG was induced in Daf1–/– mice (devoid of neuromuscular DAF protein) and their Daf1+/+ littermates by injection of rat anti-AChR mAb McAb-3. After twenty-four hours, grip strength assessment revealed that Daf1–/– mice exhibited hold times of less than 30 seconds, compared with more than 8 minutes for the Daf1+/+ controls. The weakness was reversed by edrophonium, consistent with a myasthenic disorder. Immunohistochemistry revealed greatly augmented C3b deposition localized at postsynaptic junctions, and radioimmunoassays showed more profound reductions in AChR levels. Electron microscopy demonstrated markedly greater junctional damage in the Daf1–/– mice compared with the Daf1+/+ littermates. Control studies showed equivalent levels of other cell surface regulators, i.e., Crry and CD59. The results demonstrate that mice that lack DAF are markedly more susceptible to anti-AChR–induced MG, which simulates the primary mechanism in the human disease, and strongly suggest that in disease flares complement inhibitors might have therapeutic value.
Size and shape of 5 S ribosomal RNA.

Abstract The X-ray scattering at small angles from dilute solutions of yeast and Escherichia coli 5 s RNA has been measured. The molecule is prolate with an axial ratio of about 5 to 1. The radius of gyration is R g =34.5 ± 1.5 A . A comparison of the experimental and computed scattering curves suggests that one end of the molecule may be appreciably larger in cross-section than the other. There is indirect evidence for the existence of double helical segments parallel to the long axis of the molecule. The scattering curves from the 5 s RNA's of the two different organisms are the same within experimental error.
Two-photon-state generation via four-wave mixing in optical fibers

A quantum theory of two-photon-state generation via four-wave mixing in optical fibers is studied, with emphasis on the case where the pump is a classical, narrow (picosecond-duration) pulse. One of the experiments performed in our lab is discussed and analyzed. Numerical predictions from the theory are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental results.
Pelvic floor muscle retraining for pediatric voiding dysfunction using interactive computer games.

AbstractPurpose: We evaluated a new noninvasive outpatient method of pelvic muscle retraining in children using computer game assisted biofeedback.Materials and Methods: All patients in whom voiding dysfunction was confirmed by history, uroflowmetry-electromyography and voiding cystourethrography were enrolled in a pelvic floor muscle retraining program. Patients received a pretreatment, mid treatment and posttreatment survey instrument documenting subjective improvement, including the frequency of diurnal enuresis, nocturnal enuresis, constipation and encopresis. Pretreatment and posttreatment simultaneous uroflowmetry surface electrode electromyography was performed and post-void residual urine volume was determined in all patients.Results: A total of 8 boys and 33 girls 5 to 11 years old (mean age 7.2) completed therapy and were available for evaluation. These patients completed 2 to 11 (average 6) hourly treatment sessions. Followup was 3 to 15 months (average 7). At the midterm evaluation improvement...
Country of origin, age of drinking onset, and drinking patterns among Mexican American young adults.

Abstract This study examines relationships between country of origin, age of drinking onset, and adverse drinking outcomes among young adult Mexican Americans in the 2001–2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Logistic regression models estimate associations between age of drinking onset, age of onset in relation to age at immigration, and adverse drinking outcomes, controlling for sex, age, employment, education, marital status, and income. Adjusted analyses indicate the odds of adverse drinking outcomes decreased as age of drinking onset increased. Mexican Americans who initiated drinking in Mexico had significantly lower odds of current or lifetime harmful drinking than U.S. born but the odds were not significantly different between foreign-born Mexican Americans who initiated drinking in the U.S. and U.S. born. Irrespective of whether drinking onset was in Mexico or the U.S., foreign-born Mexican Americans had lower odds of alcohol abuse than U.S. born. However, odds of dependence were not significantly different between foreign-born and U.S.-born Mexican Americans. While findings suggest that being foreign born may be protective, further research on social and cultural factors impacting drinking onset and related outcomes among young Mexican Americans may help inform prevention efforts.
Modeling and simulations of carbon nanotubes and their junctions on surfaces

Abstract Recent experiments demonstrated lattice-oriented growth, controlled manipulation of carbon nanotubes and their nanoelectronic devices on surfaces. Using molecular dynamics simulation method and by performing electronic structure and electron transport calculations, we investigate nanotubes and their intermolecular junctions on surfaces. It is demonstrated that local atomic structure in nanotube–surface and nanotube–nanotube contacts plays important roles in friction and electronic transport at the nanoscale. Each nanotube has unique equilibrium orientations with respect to surface structure. Electronic transport is strongly enhanced when the atomic structures of the objects in contact are commensurate.
Congenital obstructive jaundice

Summary A case of congenital obstructive jaundice in a female child, dying atthe age of eleven months and twenty-nine days of age, is reported. Exploratory laporatomy done when the patient was ten weeks old revealed a congenital obliteration of the cystic, hepatic, and common ducts, and a nonfunctioning gallbladder. Biopsy of the liver at the time of the laparotomy and pathologic changes in the liver at autopsy are described. The long duration of life in the case presented is ascribed in part, to the hepatogenic functions of organs other than the liver and to a high carbohydrate diet.
The Reduced Bactericidal Function of Complement C5-Deficient Murine Macrophages Is Associated with Defects in the Synthesis and Delivery of Reactive Oxygen Radicals to Mycobacterial Phagosomes

Complement C5-deficient (C5(-/-)) macrophages derived from B.10 congenic mice were found to be defective in killing intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). They were bacteriostatic after activation with IFN-gamma alone but bactericidal in the combined presence of IFN-gamma and C5-derived C5a anaphylatoxin that was deficient among these macrophages. Reduced killing correlated with a decreased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the C5(-/-) macrophages measured using fluorescent probes. Furthermore, a lack of colocalization of p47(phox) protein of the NADPH oxidase (phox) complex with GFP-expressing MTB (gfpMTB) indicated a defective assembly of the phox complex on phagosomes. Reconstitution with C5a, a known ROS activator, enhanced the assembly of phox complex on the phagosomes as well as the production of ROS that inhibited the growth of MTB. Protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms are involved in the phosphorylation and translocation of p47(phox) onto bacterial phagosomes. Western blot analysis demonstrated a defective phosphorylation of PKC (alpha, beta, delta) and PKC-zeta in the cytosol of C5(-/-) macrophages compared with C5 intact (C5(+/+)) macrophages. Furthermore, in situ fluorescent labeling of phagosomes indicated that PKC-beta and PKC-zeta were the isoforms that are not phosphorylated in C5(-/-) macrophages. Because Fc receptor-mediated phox assembly was normal in both C5(-/-) and C5(+/+) macrophages, the defect in phox assembly around MTB phagosomes was specific to C5 deficiency. Reduced bactericidal function of C5(-/-) macrophages thus appears to be due to a defective assembly and production of ROS that prevents effective killing of intracellular MTB.
Robust one-shot 3D scanning using loopy belief propagation

A structured-light technique can greatly simplify the problem of shape recovery from images. There are currently two main research challenges in design of such techniques. One is handling complicated scenes involving texture, occlusions, shadows, sharp discontinuities, and in some cases even dynamic change; and the other is speeding up the acquisition process by requiring small number of images and computationally less demanding algorithms. This paper presents a “one-shot” variant of such techniques to tackle the aforementioned challenges. It works by projecting a static grid pattern onto the scene and identifying the correspondence between grid stripes and the camera image. The correspondence problem is formulated using a novel graphical model and solved efficiently using loopy belief propagation. Unlike prior approaches, the proposed approach uses non-deterministic geometric constraints, thereby can handle spurious connections of stripe images. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified on a variety of complicated real scenes.
500 mb winter variability over the Antarctic (Palmer) Peninsula

Winter time variability of heights over the Antarctic peninsula, Weddell Sea and Queen Maud Land are shown to have important contributions from correlations between the zonally averaged height field ([Z]) and longitudinally asymmetric motions. This is different from what it is observed at other longitudes, where the time variance can be explained in terms of variance of the zonally averaged fields plus the variance of deviations from zonal averages. It is shown that when [Z] is larger than its winter average a pattern with southerlies over the Weddell Sea at 500 mb and northerlies over eastern Antarctica develops south of 60°S. These southerlies are found displaced about 15° northward with episodes of meridional wind magnitudes over eastern Antarctica larger than 2 m/s. The equivalent barotropic structure of Southern Hemisphere tropospheric long waves justify extension of the 500 mb results presented here to higher levels. Recent measurements taken by the Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (10 to 18 km above sea level) have detected the presence of ozone depleted air over the Antarctic Peninsula and Weddell Sea. It is conjectured here, that this may be partly due to the transport of ozone poor air from high-latitudes into this region.
Laboratory methods for studies of bacterial adhesion

Abstract Prosthetic infection following total joint replacement can have catastrophic results both physically and psychologically for the patients, leading to complete failure of the arthroplasty, possible amputation, prolonged hospitalization, and even death. Bacterial adherence to biomaterial surfaces is an important step in the pathogenesis of prosthetic infection. The exact mechanism of prosthetic infection remains unclear. It is thought that certain bacteria, particularly coagulase-negative staphylococci, after adhering to biomaterial surfaces, secrete a layer polysaccharide, an extracellular substance (slime) and then form a biofilm (a biomass of bacteria and slime). The biofilm makes the embedded bacteria less accessible to the human defense system and significantly decreases antibiotic susceptibility. Before effective preventive or therapeutic measures can be achieved, the process, characteristics, or mechanism of bacterial adhesion to biomaterials have to be studied. In this review, the in-vitro experimental methods for bacterial adhesion will be discussed, which concentrates on (1) how to design a new in-vitro model of bacterial adhesion or biofilm formation, including the selection of bacteria, sample surface preparation, conducting bacterial adhesion or biofilm formation experiments, and the sample preparation for evaluation; and (2) methods for examining adhered bacteria and biofilm, which include microscopy for counting and morphological observation of adhered bacteria, viable bacterial counting methods, other direct or indirect bacterial counting methods, and the methods for evaluating biofilm.
Active Hydrophilic Components of the Medicinal Herb Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) Potently Inhibit Organic Anion Transporters 1 (Slc22a6) and 3 (Slc22a8)

Many active components of herbal products are small organic anions, and organic anion transporters were previously demonstrated to be a potential site of drug-drug interactions. In this study, we assessed the inhibitory effects of six hydrophilic components of the herbal medicine Danshen, lithospermic acid, protocatechuic acid, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid A, salvianolic acid B, and tanshinol, on the function of the murine organic anion transporters, mOat1 and mOat3. All of Danshen components significantly inhibited mOat1- and mOat3-mediated substrate uptake (P < 0.001) with lithospermic acid (LSA), protocatechuic acid, rosmarinic acid (RMA), and salvianolic acid A (SAA) producing virtually complete inhibition under test conditions. Kinetic analysis demonstrated that LSA, RMA, and SAA were competitive inhibitors. As such, K(i) values were estimated as 14.9 ± 4.9 μM for LSA, 5.5 ± 2.2 μM for RMA, and 4.9 ± 2.2 μM for SAA on mOat1-mediated transport, and as 31.1 ± 7.0 μM for LSA, 4.3 ± 0.2 μM for RMA, and 21.3 ± 7.7 μM for SAA on mOat3-mediated transport. These data suggest that herb-drug interactions may occur in vivo on the human orthologs of these transporters in situations of polypharmacy involving Danshen and clinical therapeutics known to be organic anion transporter substrates.
Ventricular assist devices for children

Abstract Infants and children may experience such severe heart failure that circulatory support is required as a bridge to recovery, transplantation, or until other surgical intervention can be performed. While older children may be supported by devices designed for use in adults, historically, options for pediatric circulatory support have been limited to extracorporeal membrane oxygenators (ECMO), short-term centrifugal pump-based ventricular assist devices (VADs), and paracorporeal VADs. However, these devices present substantial risk for adverse events in the pediatric population. To address the need for improved circulatory support devices for the youngest pediatric patients, new devices specifically targeted to this vulnerable population are being developed. These include implantable rotary blood pumps, compact cardiopulmonary assist systems, and extracorporeal pulsatile and rotary pumps for acute and chronic support. Several devices are expected to be available for clinical evaluation soon. These devices will hopefully provide solutions for challenges that are unique to pediatric circulatory support, such as the anticipated growing population of failing single ventricle patients who have previously undergone a Fontan procedure.
Predicting the effect of disability on employment status and income

Research shows that participation in employment contributes to life satisfaction for persons with disabilities (18). Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) sought to prohibit discrimination against persons with disabilities in the workplace, however, the ADA's effectiveness remains controversial. This research utilizes data from the disability supplement of the 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to examine the impact of disability status on predicting employment status and income. Confounding variables such as gender, age, educational level, race and marital/parental status are examined regarding their influence on results. Results from analysis utilizing zero-order correlation, linear and logistic regression analysis techniques revealed that disability status has a significant predictive effect on inability to work. Furthermore, results continue to show that despite legislation, the higher the level of disability, the lower the employment status (those employed for wages) and income. Finally, disability status, coupled with being female or decreased educational level, consistently shows significance in predicting lower employment status and income than men or non-minorities with disabilities. Future research opportunities and policy implications are discussed with regard to the results presented.
Executing resource intensive applications on mobile devices

With the prevalence of mobile computing devices such as smart phones we are interested in expanding their usage to resource intensive software. The challenges we face include lack of software libraries to run various applications limited battery life limited computational power vs. regular desktops and workstations and network connectivity. In this poster, we propose a desktop grid framework in which a mobile device accepts the input for a resource intensive application, dispatches it to a remote workstation (an agent) via Bluetooth or wireless network. Specifically, we discuss what we propose to research in terms of developing this framework. The agent workstation then uses peer to peer desktop grid computing to execute an application and returns the results back to the mobile device.
Factors Affecting the Decision of Police Recruits to “Drop Out” of Police Work

This study explores why police recruits "drop out" of police work within the first 16 months of their policing careers, including those reasons that maybe salient for women and racial/ethnic minorities and the usefulness of cognitive dissonance theory as an explanation for the "voluntary resignation" of police recruits in the early stages of police training and service. The sample of 113 "dropouts" was obtained as part of a longitudinal study of a panel sample of 446 police recruits who were followed through basic training, field training, and a 1-year probationary period. Data obtained via telephone interviews with 34 dropouts revealed that recruits dropped out of police work for three reasons: self-initiated resignation and academy-initiated and department-initiated termination. Recruits who self-initiated resignation experienced a conflict between the version of policing embodied in their ideal and the reality of policing in practice. For female officers, gender discrimination was woven into their resignation decision.
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: Diagnostic Challenges, Presenting Symptoms, and Commonly Missed Signs

OBJECTIVE: To describe presenting symptoms and signs according to age group in a cohort of 243 patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and identify earlier symptoms and signs that did not lead to immediate diagnosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review for 278 patients with TSC who were examined at Children9s Hospital Boston in Massachusetts and at the Herscot Center for Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, Massachusetts General Hospital. The presenting symptom or sign was the first symptom or sign to cause suspicion for TSC and lead to diagnosis. Missed symptoms or signs were those that were documented in the patient9s chart but did not immediately lead to diagnosis. RESULTS: There were 243 patients for whom there were sufficient data for inclusion in this study. Patients were diagnosed with TSC at ages ranging from birth to 73 years. The average age at diagnosis was 7.5 years. Of the patients, 81% were diagnosed before the age of 10. Diagnosis during adolescence and adulthood was not uncommon. The most common presenting symptoms and signs included new onset of seizures, history of seizures, infantile spasms, family history of TSC, cardiac rhabdomyomas, and hypopigmented macules. Of the patients, 39% reported missed symptoms or signs of TSC, most commonly seizures (including infantile spasms) and dermatologic features. CONCLUSIONS: Many patients had symptoms or signs of TSC that did not lead to immediate diagnosis. Clinicians should be aware of the myriad potential presenting symptoms and signs of TSC. Early diagnosis may reduce morbidity and mortality.
The philosophical cap of Yegor Fjodorovič or becoming Belinskij

The impact of Hegelian philosophy on Belinskij’s thinking and especially on his self-understanding did not end with his well-known and ostentatious anti-Hegelian tirades. By focusing on Belinskij’s tormented early years in Petersburg, after he had supposedly reneged on his “reconciliation with reality,” this paper will attempt to show how the continued conceptual evolution of Belinskij’s Hegelian thinking was intimately interrelated with his personal striving for self-realization. Ultimately, Hegelian ideas not only allowed Belinskij to affirm a unique sense of self as the subject of a not-yet-world-historical nation, they also served as the crucial theoretical framework that would finally allow Belinskij to conceptualize the essential, organic connection between Russian literature and Russian life, as evidenced in his monumental eleven-part study on Pushkin.
Accurate ab initio energetics of extended systems via explicit correlation embedded in a density functional environment

We present a new embedding technique that combines density functional theory (DFT) and explicit electron-correlation techniques. We construct a periodic-DFT-based embedding potential as a local one-electron operator within more accurate electron-correlation calculations. We demonstrate how DFT calculations can be systematically improved via this procedure. We benchmark the method against nearly exact calculations with a simple model of Li2Mg2 and further corroborate it with an application to the experimentally well studied CO/Cu(111) system. Our results are in good agreement with near-full configuration interaction (CI) calculations in the former case and experimental adsorbate binding energies in the latter.
The equivalent circuit of a microstrip crossover in a dielectric substrate

A quasi-static analysis is carried out to examine the capacitive coupling between two nonintersecting orthogonal microstrip lines above a ground plane and in a dielectric substrate. The charge density along the width of each strip is described using a prescribed charge distribution. A pair of coupled integral equations is derived and solved by the method of moments to obtain the excess charge densities. The lumped excess capacitances are computed and compared to those obtained using wire lines with radii equal to the equivalent radii of the strips. >
MOME in Hindsight

Two decades ago, the Virginia Law Review published our article "The Mechanisms of Market Efficiency" (MOME), in which we tried to discern the institutional underpinnings of financial market efficiency. We concluded that the level of market efficiency with respect to a particular fact depends on which of several market mechanisms - universally informed trading, professionally informed trading, derivatively informed trading, and uninformed trading operates to reflect that fact in market price. Revisiting our article is particularly appropriate today. A new framework for evaluating the efficiency of the stock market, called "behavioral finance," and a growing number of empirical studies pose a serious challenge to the Efficient Markets Hypothesis. Twenty years have made us appropriately more skeptical of the efficiency of those institutions.
Reaching Beyond the Classroom: The Center for Global Geography Education's Collaborative Projects

The Center for Global Geography Education's (CGGE) collaborative projects provide educators with a range of activities that reinforce the learning objectives found in the conceptual frameworks and ...
A SECOND-ORDER METHOD FOR ASSEMBLY TOLERANCE ANALYSIS

Linear analysis and Monte Carlo simulation are two wellestablished methods for statistical tolerance analysis of mechanical assemblies. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages. The Linearized Method, a form of linear analysis, provides fast analysis, tolerance allocation, and the capability to solve closed loop constraints. However, the Linearized Method does not accurately approximate nonlinear geometric effects or allow for non-normally distributed input or output distributions. Monte Carlo simulation, on the other hand, does accurately model nonlinear effects and allow for nonnormally distributed input and output distributions. Of course, Monte Carlo simulation can be computationally expensive and must be re-run when any input variable is modified. The second-order tolerance analysis (SOTA) method attempts to combine the advantages of the Linearized Method with the advantages of Monte Carlo simulation. The SOTA method applies the Method of System Moments to implicit variables of a system of nonlinear equations. The SOTA method achieves the benefits of speed, tolerance allocation, closed-loop constraints, non-linear geometric effects and non-normal input and output distributions. The SOTA method offers significant benefits as a nonlinear analysis tool suitable for use in design iteration. A comparison was performed between the Linearized Method, Monte Carlo simulation, and the SOTA method. The SOTA method provided a comparable nonlinear analysis to Monte Carlo simulation with 10 6 samples. The analysis time of the SOTA method was comparable to the Linearized Method.
Mechanisms of Resistance in Soybean ( Glycine max [L.] Merrill) Genotype PI171444 to the Southern Green Stink Bug, Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Possible mechanisms of resistance to N. viridula in soybeans ( Glycine max [L.] Merrill), genotype PIl71444, were examined. Antibiosis was evaluated through fifth stadium and whole-life rearing of nymphs on pods of field and greenhouse-grown plants. Newly emerged adults reared on PIl71444 weighed less than those reared on ‘Davis,’ although there were no differences in the length of developmental time or mortality. There were no differences in the number of feeding sheaths deposited by adults in greenhouse no choice and laboratory choice tests with pods. However, females consistently chose ‘Davis’ over PI171444 in laboratory choice tests with leaves and pods, suggesting nonpreference for PI171444. Nonpreference, antibiosis, and temporal separation are discussed as mechanisms contributing to the high resistance to stink bugs previously reported for PI171444 in the field.
Effect of anesthetics and convulsants on brain acetylcholine content.

Conclusions1. Both free and total acetylcholine content of the whole rat brain are higher after nembutal or chloroform anesthesia (diffuse diminution of activity) than in the unanesthetized animal. The free acetylcholine change is more convincing after chloroform, whereas the total acetylcholine change is more convincing after nembutal. The total acetylcholine content of the frog brain is similarly elevated after nembutal.2. Neither free nor total acetylcholine content of rat brain differed significantly after the onset of strychnine or picrotoxin convulsions (diffuse increase of activity) from that found in quiet animals awake. Nor did strychnine alter total acetylcholine content of the frog brain.3. With the methods used, normal whole rat brain has been found to contain about 0.7 μg of free and 2.9 μg of total acetylcholine per gram wet weight; frog brain about 4.9 μg of total acetylcholine per gram.
Methyl-perfluoroheptene-ethers (CH3OC7F13): measured OH radical reaction rate coefficients for several isomers and enantiomers and their atmospheric lifetimes and global warming potentials.

Mixtures of methyl-perfluoroheptene-ethers (CH3OC7F13, MPHEs) are currently in use as replacements for perfluorinated alkanes (PFCs) and poly-ether heat transfer fluids, which are persistent greenhouse gases with lifetimes >1000 years. At present, the atmospheric processing and environmental impact from the use of MPHEs is unknown. In this work, rate coefficients at 296 K for the gas-phase reaction of the OH radical with six key isomers (including stereoisomers and enantiomers) of MPHEs used commercially were measured using a relative rate method. Rate coefficients for the six MPHE isomers ranged from ∼0.1 to 2.9 × 10–12 cm3 molecule–1 s–1 with a strong stereoisomer and −OCH3 group position dependence; the (E)-stereoisomers with the −OCH3 group in an α- position relative to the double bond had the greatest reactivity. Rate coefficients measured for the d3-MPHE isomer analogues showed decreased reactivity consistent with a minor contribution of H atom abstraction from the −OCH3 group to the overall reactiv...
The Phenomenology of Dance

The 50th anniversary edition of Maxine Sheets-Johnstone’s book (the third edition in total) is a welcome reprint of a classic work. The work that she did in this book upon its first publication in ...
Comparison of Efficacy of Endogenous and Exogenous IGF-I in Stimulating Matrix Production in Neonatal and Mature Chondrocytes.

ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of endogenous upregulation of IGF-I by gene therapy and exogenous addition of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in enhancing proteoglycan synthesis by skeletally mature and neonatal chondrocytes. Chondrocyte transplantation therapy is a common treatment for focal cartilage lesions, with both mature and neonatal chondrocytes used as a cell source. Additionally, gene therapy strategies to upregulate growth factors such as IGF-I have been proposed to augment chondrocyte transplantation therapies.MethodsBoth skeletally mature and neonatal chondrocytes were exposed to either an adeno-associated virus-based plasmid containing the IGF-I gene or exogenous IGF-I.ResultsAnalysis of IGF-I and glycosaminoglycan production using a 4-parameter dose-response model established a clear connection between the amount of IGF-I produced by cells and their biosynthetic response. Both neonatal and mature chondrocytes showed this relationship, but the sensitivities w...
Progressive Wear Damage Analysis on Retrieved UHMWPE Tibial Implants

In recent years, the incidence of knee joint degeneration has increased considerably in the young and elderly population. Due to the complicated geometry and movements of the knee, the development and improvement of knee joint prostheses have been a slow process that includes not only in vivo and in vitro studies, but also, computational and numerical analysis. Different studies have demonstrated that far too often ultra-high-molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) components sustain premature failure and require replacement. In spite of its widespread use, the bearing properties of this polymer continue to limit the wear resistance and the clinical life span of implanted knee prosthetics. UHMWPE is subjected to complex-multi-axial stress states in vivo causing multiaxial shearing at the articulating surfaces, which in turn, has led to wear debris formation. A failure analysis was performed to examine the progressive wear damage sustained by UHMWPE tibial components. The surface damage of six retrieved tibial components was assessed with a semi-quantitative wear damage scoring. Additionally, the surface morphology of the retrievals was examined microscopically using stereo- and low voltage scanning electron microscopy to explore the relationship between in vivo surface damage mechanisms and large-deformation plasticity. The semi-quantitative wear scoring method revealed that the damage experienced by the six studied retrievals ranged from 19 to 136; nonetheless, the score damage could not be correlated to the implantation time due to the lack of complete background information provided on each patient. One inadequacy of this scoring method is that two the retrieved components had similar scores but demonstrated different contact surface degradation mechanisms. For instance, one of them displayed severe pitting while the other revealed an absence of pitting. Their common features included deformation, delamination and abrasion.
Remastering Anatolia, rending nations, rending empires

Even as the outcome of the world war hung in doubt, tsarist officials were thinking about the postwar challenges that Eastern Anatolia would pose to their empire's security. They had entered the war without firm plans for the region, and the advance of the Russian army only complicated matters. Some voices advocated taking formal possession of the fruits of war. The Naval Ministry coveted Trabzon and the Black Sea coast. Others, especially the energetic minister of agriculture Krivoshein, advocated colonizing Eastern Anatolia with Cossacks and Russians. Despite the appeal of annexation, up until 1916 Russia's official position on Eastern Anatolia remained that after the war the land would revert to nominal Ottoman control, albeit with enhanced Russian supervision of the region's administration. Senior tsarist officials were cool to the idea of annexing Eastern Anatolia because they regarded the Armenians as “the most difficult” of the heterogeneous populations they had to rule. The tsar's ministers believed an Armenia would only “become a burden” and a “future source of various complications,” and regretted that some circles abroad believed that the creation of an Armenia was a Russian war aim. Indeed, they feared that Russia might inadvertently bring an Armenian state into existence. When British and French officials presented to Petrograd their proposal for partitioning the Ottoman empire, the so-called Sykes–Picot plan, the Russians initially found it unacceptable because it assigned to France territory from the Levant as far north as Diyar-i Bekir and Lake Urmia, i.e., abutting the Russian empire.
Developing Communication Management Skills: Integrated Assessment and Reflection in an Experiential Learning Context.

The value of experiential learning is widely acknowledged, especially for the development of communication skills, but students are not always aware of their own learning. While we can observe stud...
Newly observed lines of the first spectrum of antimony in the lead sulfide region

The infrared emission spectrum of Sb i has been studied in the lead sulfide region. A microwave–excited antimony electrodeless discharge source with argon carrier gas was used. A 1–m Czerny–Turner scanning spectrometer with two different gratings, one blazed for 10 000 A and the other for 25 000 A, was employed. A liquid-nitrogen-cooled lead sulfide detector was used with the usual amplifying and recording accessories. Iodine and argon standard lines were used for calibration. The observations resulted in the wavelength measurements of 142 new lines in the region of 10 000–30 000 A, and, of these, 130 lines are newly classified as transitions among known energy levels. A comparison of the results with those of recent researchers is also presented.
Long-Range Reactivity Modulations in Geranyl Chloride Derivatives

Derivatives of geraniol are versatile synthetic intermediates that are useful for synthesizing a variety of terpenoid natural products; however, the results presented herein show that subtle differences in the structures of functionalized geranyl chlorides can significantly impact their abilities to function as effective electrophiles in synthetic reactions. A series of focused kinetics experiments identify specific structure–activity relationships that illustrate the importance not only of steric bulk, but also of electronic effects from distant regions of the molecules that contribute to their overall levels of reactivity. Computational modeling suggests that destabilization of the reactant by filled–filled orbital mixing events in some, but not all, conformations may be a critical contributor to these important electronic effects.
Intravascular ultrasound versus digital subtraction angiography: direct comparison of intraluminal diameter measurements in pediatric and adolescent imaging

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) allows intraluminal imaging of blood vessels rather than the one-dimensional luminal outline depicted by digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Despite extensive literature in multiple adult vascular diseases, IVUS has not been directly compared to DSA in pediatric and adolescent vascular pathologies. The purpose of this manuscript is to compare absolute luminal diameter measurements obtained via IVUS and DSA during a variety of pediatric endovascular procedures. We conducted a retrospective review of all pediatric and adolescent endovascular procedures from October 2014 to March 2016 in which IVUS and DSA were used. We compared the vessel diameter measurements and analyzed them using SAS software with a paired t-test. There were 102 total measurements (DSA = 56; IVUS = 56; 22 procedures; 20 patients). On average, IVUS measured 0.6 ± 2.1 mm larger than DSA (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.01 to 1.12; P = 0.06; r = 0.90). When venous compression syndrome (May–Thurner, Nutcracker, superior vena cava syndrome) measurements were excluded, IVUS measured 0.7 ± 1.6 mm larger than DSA (95% CI 0.14 to 1.18; P = 0.01; r = 0.93). When venous compression syndrome measurements were evaluated separately, IVUS measured 0.3 ± 3.0 mm larger than DSA (95% CI −1.16 to 1.82; P = 0.65; r = 0.45). Overall, IVUS measurements were slightly larger than DSA measurements in all data subsets. Absolute vessel diameter measurements obtained with IVUS in the pediatric and adolescent population are statistically significantly larger than those obtained using DSA when excluding venous compression syndromes. In venous compression syndromes, IVUS might provide a more accurate representation of vessel compression and diameter than DSA.
Mechanisms of Stress in Humans

The purpose of this literature review is to summarize stress-related research to better understand the mechanisms of stress. The connections between stress and environmental, physiological, as well as neurological factors were examined. Research has shown that stress exposure was related to cognitive dysfunctions, altered attention strategies, reduced capacity to experience pleasure, and higher risktaking tendency in achieving gains. A high level of stress was associated with greater hippocampal volume loss and was found to hinder memory retrieval while enhancing memory consolidation process. Physiologically, high stress levels were linked to shortened telomeres, elevated levels of circulating inflammatory markers, as well as hypoactivation of electrodermal activity and diurnal cortisol in response to stressors. Moreover, prenatal stress exposure was found to be a risk factor that can make an individual vulnerable to develop later stress-related physical and psychological problems. Researchers have also identified protective factors that can buffer individuals from the negative impact of stress.