cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Boll Weevil Oviposition Behavior: Multiple Punctured Squares

We hypothesized that the ♀ boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, does not discriminate against squares in which an egg has previously been oviposited. We call this the non-discrimination hypothesis. The objective of this study was to compare the observed distribution of single and multiple eggs/square over a range of infestation levels (0–100%) with theoretical values based on our hypothesis. We observed 28,750 squares and classified 22,526 oviposition punctures in yr 1 and 6500 squares and 3549 oviposition punctures in yr 2. Our data support the non-discrimination hypothesis—the ♀ boll weevil did not detect squares containing an egg and did not discriminate against squares containing an egg. Large samples such as these allow a statistical approach to an understanding of some aspects of insect behavior that can not be obtained from observations of a small sample or of a small number of samples.
In vivo and in vitro osmotic regulation of HSP-70 and prostaglandin synthase gene expression in kidney cells

As a function of the urinary concentrating mechanism, the cells of the renal medulla are exposed to elevated and constantly varying osmolalities and adapt to this environment by selectively expressing certain mRNAs. We evaluated the expression and regulation of two RNAs that may be important in adaptation of rental medullary cells to hyperosmolality. We demonstrate selective, modulated expression in the renal medulla of heat shock protein HSP-70 mRNA and prostaglandin synthase-1 mRNA, with the abundance of these two mRNAs regulated in vivo in concert with changes in medullary sodium and urea. We also determined the abundance of these mRNAs in cultured kidney cells (MDCK) in response to an increase in extracellular osmolality due to selected osmotic agents. HSP-70 and prostaglandin synthase-2 mRNA levels increased when extracellular osmolality was increased to 400-600 mosmol/kg by the addition of NaCl. At 500 mosmol/kg this response was evident at 6 h, was maximal near 24 h, and persisted for a total of 90 days. Prostaglandin synthase-1 mRNA levels in MDCK cells were also increased after chronic exposure to extracellular osmolality. Increased extracellular osmolality caused by agents to which cells are impermeable caused increased levels of HSP-70 and prostaglandin synthase-2 mRNAs, whereas increased extracellular osmolality caused by agents to which cells are permeable did not; thus osmotic regulation involved osmotic water movement. We conclude that the abundance of HSP-70 and prostaglandin synthase-1 mRNAs in the renal medulla is regulated in response to renal medullary osmolality and suggest that this may also be true for other medullary mRNAs yet to be described.
Diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Diagnosis of GERD may be clinical (presentation with typical symptoms, such as heartburn); physiologic (evidence of abnormal pH levels in the distal esophagus); anatomic (evidence of esophagitis on endoscopy); or functional (clinical response to antacid medications). However, the correlation between these diagnostic approaches is relatively poor.
A fusion protein containing the adenovirus type 2 fiber trimerizing and knob domains linked to HIV-1 gp120 exhibits increased nasal immunogenicity in rabbits (VAC8P.1046)

We previously reported that the inclusion of the trimerizing and knob domains from adenovirus type 2 fiber (Ad2F) in protein immunogens enhanced their mucosal binding and immunogenicity when delivered nasally. This study was performed to determine if Ad2F would enhance the nasal immunogenicity of HIV-1 gp120 from the Clade C Env C.1086. A fusion protein with Ad2F at the C-terminus of HIV-1 gp120 was used as gp120-Ad2F. NZW rabbits were nasally immunized with 100, 200 or 300 µg of gp120 or equimolar doses of gp120-Ad2F fusion proteins adjuvanted with the cationic mast cell activating peptide mastoparan 7 on days 0 and boosted on days 28 - 34. Intramuscular immunization with 100 µg gp120 adjuvanted with an MF59-like adjuvant served as the positive control. Serum anti-HIV-1 gp120 IgG titers were measured 2 weeks after the final boost. While only the 200 and 300 µg doses of gp120 delivered intranasally induced serum anti-gp120 IgG similar to those induced by IM immunization, all doses of gp120-Ad2F fusion proteins induced serum anti-gp120 IgG titers similar to those induced by IM immunization. While the 100 µg dose of gp120 delivered nasally induced serum anti-gp120 IgG titers significantly lower than that induced by 300 µg of gp120 delivered nasally, all doses of gp120-Ad2F induced similar anti-gp120 IgG titers. Our results demonstrate that the addition of Ad2F to HIV-1 gp120 enhances its nasal immunogenicity, lessening the amount of gp120 required for vaccination.
Discrimination and Delayed Health Care Among Transgender Women and Men: Implications for Improving Medical Education and Health Care Delivery.

Background:The transgender community experiences health care discrimination and approximately 1 in 4 transgender people were denied equal treatment in health care settings. Discrimination is one of the many factors significantly associated with health care utilization and delayed care.Objectives:We
Nonlinear viscoelastic phenomena

So far we have considered linear transport phenomena, in which the response is directly proportional to the circumstance causing the response. Polymer solutions, however, are fundamentally nonlinear, and show a wide variety of additional behaviors not expected from simple linear descriptions. These behaviors may be divided, somewhat crudely, into unusual flow behaviors arising from nonzero normal stress differences, time-dependent phenomena in which the system shows memory, so that the response to a series of forces depends on when they were applied, and several modern discoveries not discussed in more classical references. At some point, the constraints of time and space insist that the discussion be curtailed, so we here present a taxonomy of nonlinear viscoelastic phenomena, without the considerable quantitative analyses seen in prior chapters. The objective is to represent the range of observed phenomena and provide references that give entrees into the literature. No effort has been made to give a thorough collection of published results. If Lord Rayleigh's critique – science is divided between quantitative measurement and stamp collecting – is invoked on this chapter, the stamps are indeed beautiful, but are likely to be more thoroughly quantitatively examined when readers become aware of their existence. Normal stress differences A variety of the classical unusual flow effects seen with polymer solutions can be traced back to the normal stress differences N 1 and N 2 . A full mathematical description becomes quite lengthy, and may be found in Graessley(1).The following remarks provide an exceedingly compressed description.
Recent perspectives on the delivery of biologics to back of the eye.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Biologics are generally macromolecules, large in size with poor stability in biological environments. Delivery of biologics to tissues at the back of the eye remains a challenge. To overcome these challenges and treat posterior ocular diseases, several novel approaches have been developed. Nanotechnology-based delivery systems, like drug encapsulation technology, macromolecule implants and gene delivery are under investigation. We provide an overview of emerging technologies for biologics delivery to back of the eye tissues. Moreover, new biologic drugs currently in clinical trials for ocular neovascular diseases have been discussed.Areas covered: Anatomy of the eye, posterior segment disease and diagnosis, barriers to biologic delivery, ocular pharmacokinetic, novel biologic delivery systemExpert opinion: Anti-VEGF therapy represents a significant advance in developing biologics for the treatment of ocular neovascular diseases. Various strategies for biologic delivery to posterior o...
Electroencephalographic frontal synchrony and caudal asynchrony during painful hand immersion in cold water

Recent studies in our laboratory showed that cortical theta oscillations correlate with pain in rodent models. In this study, we sought to validate our pre-clinical data using EEG recordings in humans during immersion of the hand in ice cold water, a moderately noxious stimulus. Power spectral analysis shows that an increase in pain score is associated with an increase in power amplitude within a frequency range of 6-7Hz at the frontal (Fz) electrode. These results are consistent with our previous pre-clinical animal studies and the clinical literature. We also report a novel reduction in power at the caudal (O1) electrode within a broader 3-30Hz rand and decreased coherence between Fz and C3, C4 electrodes within the theta (4-8Hz) and low beta (13-21Hz) bands, while coherence (an indirect measure of functional connectivity) between Fz and O1 increased within the theta and alpha (8-12Hz) bands. We argue that pain is associated with EEG frontal synchrony and caudal asynchrony, leading to the disruption of cortico-cortical connectivity.
Inorganic and methane clathrates: Versatility of guest–host compounds for energy harvesting

This review article evaluates the structure–property relations of inorganic clathrates and clathrate hydrates and their potential role in energy harvesting. There is potential cross-fertilization between the two research areas. Guest–host clathrate compounds exhibit unique structural and physical properties, which lead to their versatile roles in energy applications. Prominent classes of clathrate compounds are gas hydrates and inorganic clathrates. That said, there is limited cross-fertilization between the clathrate hydrate and inorganic clathrate communities, with researchers in the respective fields being less informed on the other field. Yet the structures and unique guest–host interactions in both these compounds are common important features of these clathrates. Common features and procedures can inspire and inform development between the compound classes, which may be important to the technological advancements for the different clathrate materials, e.g., structure characterization techniques and guest–host dynamics in which the “guest” tends to be imprisoned in the host structure, until external forces are applied. Conversely, the diversity in chemical compositions of these two classes of materials leads to the different applications from methane capture and storage to converting waste heat to electricity (thermoelectrics). This article highlights the structural and physical similarities and differences of inorganic and methane clathrates. The most promising state-ofthe- art applications of the clathrates are highlighted for harvesting energy from methane (clathrate) hydrate deposits under the ocean and for inorganic clathrates as promising thermoelectric materials.
Classroom Data Analysis with the Five Strands of Mathematical Proficiency

ABSTRACTQualitative classroom data from video recordings and students' written work can play important roles in improving mathematics instruction. In order to take full advantage of these data sources, it is helpful to have a strong analytic lens to orient one's reflections on the data. One promising analytic lens is the National Research Council's five stands of mathematical proficiency framework. It prompts teachers to examine the extent to which their students have attained conceptual understanding, procedural fluency, strategic competence, adaptive reasoning, and productive dispositions. This article describes how a pair of prospective teachers used the five strands to analyze and reflect upon qualitative classroom data from a series of lessons they taught. The insights gained during the process can help others anticipate dynamics involved in using the five strands framework during practitioner research and reflection on classroom data.
Teaching Versus Teachers as a Lever for Change: Comparing a Japanese and a U.S. Perspective on Improving Instruction:

We examine the distinction between teaching and teachers as it relates to instructional improvement. Drawing from work outside of education on improvement systems and from analyzing the Japanese system of lesson study, we contend that a focus on teaching can shape a coordinated system for improvement whereas a focus on teachers, common in the United States, leads to elements that are uncoordinated and often work against the continuous, steady improvement of classroom teaching. We propose that the concept of systems for improvement and its instantiation in Japanese K–8 education offer opportunities to reexamine U.S. efforts to improve teaching and shift these efforts toward a more promising direction.
Lipid transport in female Fundulus heteroclitus during the reproductive season

Lipid transport during the reproductive cycle of seasonally spawning teleosts has been well described. However, there is little information on lipid transport in a multiple spawning teleost. We examined lipid transport during the reproductive cycle in Fundulus heteroclitus, a teleost that spawns in a semilunar fashion. Plasma levels of triglycerides more than double prior to spawning events and then drop off sharply around the time of spawning. Plasma levels of total cholesterol also changed throughout the spawning cycle, but those changes were not so pronounced. The fraction of lipid carried by very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) was greatest prior to spawning events, while high density lipoprotein (HDL) carried the greatest portion of lipid during the spawning period. Vitellogenin (Vtg) was detected prior to spawning events, but it never represented more than 5% of total plasma lipid, making it very unlikely that Vtg is responsible for the changes in plasma lipids that we observed. It is also unlikely that Vtg is solely responsible for transport of lipid to growing ovaries because it carries only a very small portion of plasma lipid. This is the first study we are aware of, that tracks changes in plasma lipids of a multiple spawning teleost with a great enough sampling frequency to resolve single spawning events.
Formulation of symmetry boundary modeling in non-ordinary state-based peridynamics and coupling with finite element analysis:

Peridynamics is an effective method in computational solid mechanics for dealing with discontinuities. However, its computational cost limits its applications, especially when used in the most general form, non-ordinary state-based peridynamics. This paper considers two approaches which decrease the computational cost. The first approach accounts for symmetry boundary conditions in a peridynamic body. In nonlocal peridynamics, boundary conditions are applied to an area. Therefore, when modeling the symmetry boundary condition, assuming fixed particles around the symmetry axis yields incorrect results. The present formulation introduces constraints which allow modeling of local symmetry conditions. Second, the finite-element–peridynamic coupling method is adopted for non-ordinary state-based peridynamics. The coupling method enables the use of peridynamics around discontinuities like cracks, and the faster finite element for the surrounding body. These two methods effectively reduce the solution time with ...
A Hierarchical Generating Method with Feasible Decomposition

Abstract This paper investigates large-scale multiobjective systems in the context of hierarchical generating methods which consider the problem of how to find the set of all noninferior solutions by decomposition and coordination. A hierarchical generating method with feasible decomposition is developed for a general class of multiobjective systems with nonconvex objectives, nonlinear subsystems, and nonseparable interaction among subsystems. A multilevel scheme is proposed based on a feasible decomposition theorem, and the decomposition is attained by fixing the output vectors of the subsystems. Lower-dimensioned multiobjective sub problems are solved at the lower level by the e-constraint approach. A way to map the noninferior frontiers of subsystems into the noninferior frontier of the overall system is established by using trade-off information in subsystems. At the upper level, coordination is accomplished by using the envelope approach in order to identify all noninferior solutions of the primal problem.
Predicting the Future: A Case Study in Prognostication.

Purpose Clinicians are regularly asked to make long-term prognoses. The aim of the current report was to present one systematic approach to doing so. A case example from a malpractice case involvin...
Automatic Optimization Method for Segmentation and Surface Model Generation in Electron Tomography

Electron tomography can be used to make grayscale volume reconstructions of tissue sections. Images derived from the reconstructions provide the best 3-D spatial resolution currently available for determining the sizes, shapes, and relationships of cellular organelles and macromolecules in situ. Structures of interest are typically examined by segmenting them from the volume and rendering them as surface models according to grayscale values. The fidelity of segmentations and their surface models to the grayscale reconstruction depend on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) which can vary considerably between different structures. Current methods of high-fidelity segmentations require tedious manual adjustments. Here, we introduce an automatic optimization method that reduces the manual adjustments, increases the SNR, and improves the fidelity of segmentations and surface models. The method is validated using a well-studied macromolecular assembly in the reconstructions of tissue sections from neuromuscular junctions.
Modeling and dynamics investigation of an active-clamp buck converter

In this paper, an accurate averaged model of an active-clamp buck converter is presented. An insightful and straightforward derivation method is developed for dealing with signals with large ripple. The large and small signal models are derived and verified through detailed simulations. For the control-to-output bode diagrams, the Simplis simulation result shows a good match with the derived model. Then, an investigation of the active-clamp buck dynamics and the guideline for choosing the clamp capacitor values are provided.
Introductory Radiation Oncology Curriculum: Report of a National Needs Assessment and Multi-institutional Pilot Implementation.

Purpose To assess the optimal structure of an introductory curriculum (IC) for radiation oncology residents, including the perceived utility of a 2-day off-site “boot camp,” and evaluate the success of a pilot introductory radiation oncology curriculum (IROC) based on these initial data. Methods and Materials In the first phase, anonymous, web-based surveys were sent to US radiation oncology program directors and residents. Likert-type scores (1, not at all; 5, extremely) are reported as the median and interquartile range. Using the phase 1 results, IROC was developed, piloted, and evaluated. Results Of the 89 program directors and 697 residents, 47 (53%) and 165 (24%) responded, respectively. Of the 89 program directors, 37 (79%) reported offering a formal IC. However, only 83 residents (50%) reported having a formal IC. Program directors reported resident preparation for clinical training as “moderate” (median 3, interquartile range 2-3) on entering residency and “moderate” (median 3, interquartile range 3-4) after IC completion (P = .03). However, residents only believed they were “slightly” prepared (median 2, interquartile range 1-2) on entering residency and “moderately” (median 3, interquartile range 2-3) prepared after IC completion (P Conclusions Beginning radiation oncology residents frequently lack structured introductory curricula but desire instruction before the clinical training with a focus on practical aspects (emergency management, contouring). Program directors recognize the value of both off-site and on-site boot camps. An on-site IC could mitigate funding barriers. A standardized IC, IROC, piloted at 4 programs, showed promising outcomes.
The Chiral Potts Model: from Physics to Mathematics and back

We review the physics and mathematics of the chiral Potts spin chain with particular emphasis on computation of the energy levels by means of the solution of functional equations. We discuss in detail the relation of the integrable to the superintegrable case and the construction of the ground state in the massless level crossing regime.
E3 ubiquitin ligases and immune tolerance: Targeting the immune synapse from within?

The success of adaptive immunity relies on the ability to eliminate invading pathogens without eliciting responses against the host. Unique antigen receptors are randomly generated and recognize both self and non-self antigens. Therefore, mechanisms of tolerance must be in place to control the activity of self-reactive lymphocytes. Negative selection in the thymus eliminates most of the developing thymocytes that can recognize self antigens 1, whereas mechanisms of peripheral tolerance prevent the surviving self-reactive cells from engaging in responses against self tissues. Self-reactive T cells can be suppressed by regulatory T cells, and also eliminated by clonal deletion or inactivated by a mechanism known as anergy 2. In anergic T cells, T cell receptor (TCR) signaling is blocked, and cells become unresponsive to subsequent stimulation events 3, 4, 5.
Salvage Esophagectomy for Persistent Disease After Definitive Chemoradiotherapy

The optimal management of locally advanced cancer of the esophagus remains controversial. Given recent advances in the results of combined concurrent chemoradiation, medical and radiation oncologists are dubious about the additional benefit of surgical resection in patients that respond to non-surgical therapy. However, despite a perceived complete local-regional response, many patients will manifest persistent or recurrent disease that is potentially resectable. This chapter aims to discuss the feasibility and pitfalls of opting for salvage esophagectomy.
African-American Rhetorical Education and Epistolary Relations at the Holley School (1868–1917)

This study establishes the Holley School as an important site of African-American rhetorical education in the post–Civil War United States. Abolitionist Caroline F. Putnam was a white Northerner wh...
Insular resting state functional connectivity is associated with gut microbiota diversity

The gut microbiota has recently gained attention as a possible modulator of brain activity. A number of reports suggest that the microbiota may be associated with neuropsychiatric conditions such as major depressive disorder, autism and anxiety. The gut microbiota is thought to influence the brain via vagus nerve signalling, among other possible mechanisms. The insula processes and integrates these vagal signals. To determine if microbiota diversity and structure modulate brain activity, we collected faecal samples and examined insular function using resting state functional connectivity (RSFC). Thirty healthy participants (non-smokers, tobacco smokers and electronic cigarette users, n = 10 each) were studied. We found that the RSFC between the insula and several regions (frontal pole left, lateral occipital cortex right, lingual gyrus right and cerebellum 4, 5 and vermis 9) were associated with bacterial microbiota diversity and structure. In addition, two specific bacteria genera, Prevotella and Bacteroides, were specifically different in tobacco smokers and also associated with insular connectivity. In conclusion, we show that insular connectivity is associated with microbiome diversity, structure and at least two specific bateria genera. Furthemore, this association is potentially modulated by tobacco smoking, although the sample sizes for the different smoking groups were small and this result needs validation in a larger cohort. While replication is necessary, the microbiota is a readily accessible therapeutic target for modulating insular connectivity, which has previously been shown to be abnormal in anxiety and tobacco use disorders.
Timing of first surveillance colonoscopy in stage I colon cancer patients and the association with colon cancer-specific survival.

618Background: Surveillance colonoscopy following curative surgery in stage I colon cancer patients is controversial. This study was conducted to assess the relationship between timing of first sur...
Parental reports of adolescent well-being: Does marital status matter?

Abstract We analyze data from the 1999 wave of the National Survey of America's Families (NSAF) to compare parental reports of the psychological well-being and attitudes toward school of 12- to 17-year-old adolescents residing with a cohabiting versus a remarried mother (maternal stepfamilies), and those residing with a cohabiting versus a remarried father (paternal stepfamilies). In maternal stepfamilies, cohabiting stepfathers report more positive adolescent attitudes toward school than do remarried mothers, cohabiting mothers, and remarried stepfathers. No differences in parental reports of adolescent psychological well-being or attitudes toward school are found in paternal cohabiting and married stepfamilies. Instead, in both cohabiting and married stepfamilies, the well-being of the parent is important in predicting his/her report of the psychological well-being of adolescents, and parental reports of problems with the adolescent and the adolescent's participation in extracurricular activities predic...
Evaluating Brightness Temperature Information for Estimating Microwave Land Surface and Vegetation Properties

Remote sensing of geophysical parameters often requires parameter estimation from mutually dependent measurements, reducing retrieval robustness when the number of retrieved parameters equals the number of unknowns. The actual number of parameters that can be retrieved from the total information (e.g., degrees of information (DOI)) is reviewed here in the context of current L-band (1.4 GHz) satellite measurements for retrieving soil and vegetation water content. A limitation of DOI metric is noted where measurements at the noise floor (i.e., in vegetated regions) tend to spuriously decrease estimated mutual information. Thus, the signal-to-noise ratio must be considered together with DOI. A proposed retrieval technique that overcomes the mutually-dependent information, called the multi-temporal dual-channel algorithm, is reviewed and its microwave vegetation parameter retrievals are discussed.
A critical examination of school-based recess: what do the children think?

Over the past decade, much attention has been paid to school-based recess and the implications of recess on child development. Large and influential groups such as the American Academy of Paediatri...
A Dexterous Soft Robotic Hand for Delicate In-Hand Manipulation

In this letter, we show that soft robotic hands provide a robust means of performing basic primitives of in-hand manipulation in the presence of uncertainty. We first discuss the design of a prototype hand with dexterous soft fingers capable of moving objects within the hand using several basic motion primitives. We then empirically validate the ability of the hand to perform the desired object motion primitives while still maintaining strong grasping capabilities. Based on these primitives, we examine a simple, heuristic finger gait which enables continuous object rotation for a wide variety of object shapes and sizes. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of our dexterous soft robotic hand in three real-world cases: unscrewing the cap of a jar, orienting food items for packaging, and gravity compensation during grasping. Overall, we show that even for complex tasks such as in-hand manipulation, soft robots can perform robustly without the need for local sensing or complex control.
Pediatric Palate Fractures: An Assessment of Patterns and Management at a Level 1 Trauma Center:

Study Design:Literature discussing palate fractures in the pediatric population is limited. We performed a retrospective review of pediatric palatal fractures at our institution to better understan...
Anaphora and negation

One of the central questions of discourse dynamics is when an anaphoric pronoun is licensed. This paper addresses this question as it pertains to the complex data involving anaphora and negation. It is commonly held that negation blocks anaphoric potential, for example, we cannot say “Bill doesn’t have a car. It is black”. However, there are many exceptions to this generalization. This paper examines a variety of types of discourses in which anaphora on indefinites under the scope of negation is felicitous. These cases are not just of intrinsic interest, but I argue present serious problems for the dynamic semantic framework, which builds the licensing facts into the semantics. I argue in favor of adopting a dynamic pragmatics, a theory that explains context change through general Gricean principles, and combining it with a static, d-type theory of anaphora, in which pronouns go proxy for definite descriptions.
Shamim Ara v. State of U.P. & Anr (Supreme Court of India 2002) and the “Judicialization” of Divorce

Student Editor Dixie Morrison (JD Candidate, Harvard Law School) examines how the Indian Supreme Court’s reasoning in Shamim Ara v. State of U.P. & Anr. (Supreme Court of India 2012) influenced the legal status of triple ṭalāq and Islamic divorce in India.
Incidence and Mechanisms of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Deployed Navy Active Duty Service Members Aboard Two U.S. Navy Air Craft Carriers

Introduction This brief report describes the number and nature of cases of musculoskeletal pain and injury among sailors and marines presenting to the ship's physical therapist during recent, respective deployments of two U.S. Navy aircraft carriers. Materials and methods The case definition for this study was cases of work-limiting medical complaints involving the musculoskeletal system presenting, or referred, to the ship's physical therapy services for evaluation and treatment. The population for this study was drawn from ship's company from two Nimitz class carriers on their respective deployments. Potential subjects were recruited at their index visit for their complaint. Participants completed a survey of their symptoms while at the ship's medical department. Data for analysis consist of counts of cases, body part affected, self-reported mechanism of injury, age, and gender of the subject. Data were analyzed by generating descriptive tables. Results One hundred ninety-seven cases were captured across the two carriers. Injury to the low back was the most frequent (34%), followed by shoulder (25%) and knee (15%). Twenty one cases (11%) were reported to be exacerbation of previous injuries and the rest new injuries. Of the 176 new injury cases, 93 (53%) were of an insidious onset and the remainder had a specific, identifiable onset. Of the 82 cases with a specific identifiable onset, 38 cases (46%) occurred during participation in sport and exercise activity on board ship, and the remainder of the cases occurred during the performance of duty-related work. None of the cases required evacuation off of the ship. Conclusion Care should be used interpreting the results since participants were volunteers and a small proportion of eligible subjects chose not to participate in the study. Nevertheless, our data are generally consistent with other studies of musculoskeletal injury on board U.S. Navy ships and are useful for health care planning purposes and for planning for future studies that may take place on board U.S. Navy vessels. The novel and important finding of this study suggests that sports and exercise activity on board ship may warrant a new area of attention for safety.
Regulation of degenerative spheroids after injury

Neuronal injury leads to rapid, programmed disintegration of axons distal to the site of lesion. Much like other forms of axon degeneration (e.g. developmental pruning, toxic insult from neurodegenerative disorder), Wallerian degeneration associated with injury is preceded by spheroid formation along axons. The mechanisms by which injury leads to formation of spheroids and whether these spheroids have a functional role in degeneration remain elusive. Here, using neonatal mouse primary sympathetic neurons, we investigate the roles of players previously implicated in the progression of Wallerian degeneration in injury-induced spheroid formation. We find that intra-axonal calcium flux is accompanied by actin-Rho dependent growth of calcium rich axonal spheroids that eventually rupture, releasing material to the extracellular space prior to catastrophic axon degeneration. Importantly, after injury, Sarm1-/- and DR6-/-, but not Wlds (excess NAD+) neurons, are capable of forming spheroids that eventually rupture, releasing their contents to the extracellular space to promote degeneration. Supplementation of exogenous NAD+ or expressing WLDs suppresses Rho-dependent spheroid formation and degeneration in response to injury. Moreover, injured or trophically deprived Sarm1-/- and DR6-/-, but not Wlds neurons, are resistant to degeneration induced by conditioned media collected from wild-type axons after spheroid rupture. Taken together, these findings place Rho-actin and NAD+ upstream of spheroid formation and may suggest that other mediators of degeneration, such as DR6 and SARM1, mediate post-spheroid rupture events that lead to catastrophic axon disassembly.
Selection by consequence: A response to Hayes and Fryling (2019)

The paper by Hayes and Fryling (2019) seeks to inform readers that the Kantorian system of Interbehaviorism has been misunderstood and misrepresented by contextual behavior scientists. Furthermore, these authors suggest that much is to be gained by embracing the system developed by Kantor, most importantly that being large scale system building efforts. We disagree with this position, and find the Kantorian system to be of questionable relevancy and at risk of potential extinction within the behavioral community. We also have concerns that perhaps the insights provided by Hayes and Fryling will fail in recruitment of additional members to the Interbehavioral cause. Although the overarching theme of Interbehaviorism is present within emerging dynamical approaches to behavior science, adopting the vernacular of Kantor may be unnecessary to continue his tradition. We recommend allowing empirical selection to run its course in determining the eventual fate of Kantor's Interbehaviorism.
Abstract 13201: Atrial Fibrillation Detection in Community Ischemic Stroke Patients is Improved With Implantable Cardiac Monitors

Introduction: Although implantable cardiac monitors (ICM) improve atrial fibrillation (AF) detection relative to Holters or other extended ambulatory cardiac monitors (EACMs) (e.g., 30-day event mo...
Survival after autologous versus allogeneic transplantation in patients with relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma

For relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma, salvage chemotherapy followed by auto-HCT is the standard of care. It is important to identify subpopulations who could benefit from allo-HCT. This retrospective anal...
How Do Small Companies Measure Their Performance

This study reports the results of questionnaire surveys with companies that hire less than 20 employees in Finland the UK on how performance be measured. The results are: First, both the Finnish and UK companies rely on employees, production lines and activities to formulate their performance measurement system. Second, both the Finnish and UK companies use both the financial and non-financial variables to measure their performance despite the UK companies tend to emphasise more on the financial variables. Third, factor analysis shows that environmental and non-human production factors play a major part on the performance of these small companies. The results make major contributions to the business community and managers in decision-making processes. Future research could expand the sample size and include other methods of capturing data for analysis.
Future of Banking 5.0

This chapter explores the future of banking 5.0. It underlines the characteristics and the perspective of new banking models that are appearing on the horizon. The short-term future of financial institutions will be banking 5.0. Once the banking 5.0 approach is adopted, changes should become the organization’s permanent mode for all the business model components. Fintech organizations can change the banking scenario in the next few years. A collaboration, or even better, a partnership of traditional financial institutions and fintech organizations, could be more successful. Apart from fintech organizations, bigtech organizations, such as Amazon or Google, are potentially a significant threat to traditional financial institutions. This chapter dedicates attention also to the multi-sided platforms and their connection with banking 5.0.
Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning for high-dimensional nonequilibrium control

Experimental advances enabling high-resolution external control create new opportunities to produce materials with exotic properties. In this work, we investigate how a multi-agent reinforcement learning approach can be used to design external control protocols for self-assembly. We find that a fully decentralized approach performs remarkably well even with a "coarse" level of external control. More importantly, we see that a partially decentralized approach, where we include information about the local environment allows us to better control our system towards some target distribution. We explain this by analyzing our approach as a partially-observed Markov decision process. With a partially decentralized approach, the agent is able to act more presciently, both by preventing the formation of undesirable structures and by better stabilizing target structures as compared to a fully decentralized approach.
Gender differences in the association between sexual satisfaction and quality of life

Sexual satisfaction (SS) may be an important predictor of broader quality of life (QOL; e.g. life satisfaction, etc.). However, past studies have rarely examined moderating variables of this associ...
Subfactors of an Approximately Finite Dimensional Factor of Type II 1

In this last chapter of the volume, we will study the structure of subfactors of a factor. In the classical theory of abstract algebra, simple subalgebras of a centrally simple algebra with finite dimension over the center are described by the Galois group of the pair. In the case of subfactors of a factor, it turns out that the concept of group is not enough to describe the structure of the pair. Of course, a group of automorphisms of a factor gives rise to a von Neumann subalgebra as the fixed point subalgebra. But, we will see that there are much more interesting subfactors which does not correspond to any kind of groups.
Pregastric esterase in milk sham fed to adult jersey steers.

Abstract Pregastric esterase activity was detected in reconstituted nonfat milk sham fed from a nipple pail to two 4-yr-old rumen-fistulated steers. Lipolytic activity, determined in a medium containing 5% tri- n -butyrin, averaged 8.6±.4 lipase units. Further assays, in which activity was measured by free fatty acids released from a condensed milk substrate, averaged 166.9±9.2 μ mol. These values are higher than those noted for young calves, indicating that secretion of pregastric esterase may persist in cattle beyond calfhood. Esterase activity in one of the steers fed whole milk until he was 2 yr of age showed no marked residual effect of earlier intake of milk fat.
Mixed algae cultures for low cost environmental compensation in cultures grown for lipid production and wastewater remediation

Background Most cultures of algae today are grown as monocultures. The primary reason for this appears to be that specific strains of algae contain the high-value products that are desired for harvest. But, in algae cultures grown primarily for lipid production, or as a stage in wastewater remediation, mixed algae cultures may mitigate environmental risk. Results Four-strain mixed cultures of algae were grown in simulated wastewater, alongside the monocultures, under different temperature and lighting conditions. Under all conditions the mixed cultures were less productive than the most fit monocultures for each situation, but more productive than the least fit monocultures. Statistical analysis based on an exponential growth model of the monocultures also suggested that mixed cultures are actually more productive both in terms of biomass and lipids than simply the sum of the monocultures. Conclusuions A mixed culture composed of various similarly productive strains with various optimal growing conditions would be less susceptible to environmental shifts than a monoculture. This study demonstrated the promise of an appropriately defined mixed culture to reduce risk in applications such as wastewater remediation and lipid production that do not rely on specific strains containing high value products. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Perfect Pipelining: A New Loop Parallelization Technique

Parallelizing compilers do not handle loops in a satisfactory manner. Fine-grain transformations capture irregular parallelism inside a loop body not amenable to coarser approaches but have limited ability to exploit parallelism across iterations. Coarse methods sacrifice irregular forms of parallelism in favor of pipelining (overlapping) iterations. In this paper we present a new transformation, Perfect Pipelining, that bridges the gap between these fine- and coarse-grain transformations while retaining the desirable features of both. This is accomplished even in the presence of conditional branches and resource constraints. To make our claims rigorous, we develop a formalism for parallelization. The formalism can also be used to compare transformations across computational models. As an illustration, we show that Doacross, a transformation intended for synchronous and asynchronous multiprocessors, can be expressed as a restriction of Perfect Pipelining.
Space-Efficient Block Storage Integrity.

We present new methods to provide block-level integrity in encrypted storage systems, i.e., so that a client will detect the modification of data blocks by an untrusted storage server. We present cryptographic definitions for this setting, and develop solutions that change neither the block size nor the number of sectors accessed, an important consideration for modern storage systems. In order to achieve this, a trusted client component maintains state with which it can authenticate blocks returned by the storage server, and we explore techniques for minimizing the size of this state. We demonstrate a scheme that provably implements basic block integrity (informally, that any block accepted was previously written), that exhibits a tradeoff between the level of security and the additional client’s storage overhead, and that in empirical evaluations requires an average of only 0.01 bytes per 1024-byte block. We extend this to a scheme that implements integrity resistant to replay attacks (informally, that any block accepted was the last block written to that address) using only 1.82 bytes per block, on average, in our one-month long empirical
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF DNA STRUCTURE ON THE EFFICIENCY OF REACTION OF GUANOSINE MOIETIES WITH A NITRENIUM ION

The N-acetyl-N-(2-fluorenyl)nitrenium ion (2a) reacts very efficiently with monomeric 2′-deoxyguanosine (d-G) to form a C-8 adduct, N-(2′-deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-acetylaminofluorene (6), in an aqueous environment, with a selectivity ratio, kd-G/ks, of 13.1 × 103M−1 at 0°C and 4.8 × 103M−1 at 30°C. The reactivity of the self-complementary oligomer d-ATGCAT with 2a can be separated into components due to the single-stranded (SS) and double-stranded (DS) forms. Within the error limits of the measurements kSS/kd-G ≈ 0.27 and kDS/kd-G ≈ 0. Another measure of the reactivity of d-G moieties in the DNA double helix can be obtained from measurements with the circular super-coiled plasmid pUC19. This plasmid provides an upper limit for kpUC19/kd-G of 0.02, where kpUC19 is the average trapping rate constant per d-G moiety in pUC19. The strong inhibition of the trapping reaction caused by the tertiary structure of the DNA double helix may be responsible for the change in product distribution of 2a–d-G adducts found from reaction with d-G, and denatured DNA (exclusive C-8 adduct, 6) and native DNA [5–20% N-2 adduct,3-(2′-deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-2-acetylaminofluorene, 7]. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of the β4Thr−β73Asp Hydrogen Bond in HbS Polymer and Domain Formation from Multinucleate-Containing Clusters†

Fiber formation and domain formation from deoxy-HbS as well as from β4 and β73 HbS variants were investigated after temperature jump using DIC microscopy to gain a basic understanding of the determinants involved. Oversaturated deoxy-HbS generated numerous 14-stranded fibers and formed ovoid-shaped, multispherulitic domains. Domain number increased linearly as a function of time. Oversaturated deoxy-α2β2E6V,T4S also generated time-dependent, ovoid-shaped spherulitic domains like HbS and α2β2E6V,D73H in the deoxy form. In contrast, α2β2E6V,T4Y and HbC-Harlem (α2β2E6V,D73N) in the deoxy form generated time-dependent, ball-shaped domains containing many straight, crystalline-like fibers without evidence of branching. Some of these domains formed large needlelike crystals after overnight incubation. The inhibitory effect on polymer formation by β4Tyr in HbS was stronger than that by β4Ser but weaker than that by β73Asn or β73Leu. In contrast, both deoxy- and oxy-α2β2E6V,T4V promoted formation of tiny, disorde...
Crime and Treatment of Heroin Users

In San Antonio serious reported crime increased every year from 1965 through 1969. Then, in 1970, coincident with a marked increase of heroin users in treatment, the crime rate decreased. In three succeeding years while the treatment rate increased, crime decreased. Then in 1974, due to loss of program funds, the treatment rate decreased and the crime rate increased. The changes in the crime rate were due primarily to changes in the theft rate. For the years 1970-1974, treatment and theft had a significant negative correlation. We tentatively attribute part of the changes in the theft rate to changes in the treatment rate.
Combined pneumocystis carinii and nocardia asteroides pneumonitis in a patient with an ACTH‐producing carcinoid

Combined Pneumocystis carinii and Nocardia asteroides pneumonia occurred in a patient with an adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-producing carcinoid after effective chemotherapy decreased elevated ectopic ACTH and endogenous corticosteroid levels. Implications regarding the pathogenesis of such infections in patients with paraneoplastic tumors are discussed.
Involuntary turnover and its psychological consequences: A theoretical model

Abstract Involuntary turnover (ITO) is an important area of research as mergers, strong competition, low productivity, and rapid technological change lead to high levels of company restructuring. Despite increasing visibility of the phenomenon, there is a lack of theoretical and empirical research on ITO. This article integrates the past research on ITO and develops a model of the impact of ITO on the job loser. Involuntary turnover is hypothesized to have a negative impact on self-esteem, well-being, and outlook on life. Self-blame, financial and psychological investment in work, social support, and the unemployment rate are hypothesized to moderate these relationships. The model has implications for both the academic and business spheres. It provides guidance for future research and suggests organizational interventions to minimize the debilitating effects of involuntary turnover.
Modulation of coherence and polarization properties of beams for communication and LIDAR systems operating in atmospheric turbulence

We will demonstrate the ability of such statistical properties of light sources as states of coherence and polarization to improve performance of LaserCom and LIDAR systems operating through turbulent atmosphere.