cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social consequences of assertion, aggression, passive aggression, and submission: Situational and dispositional determinants

This study examined self-reported compliance, anger, and sympathy with assertive, aggressive, passive aggressive, and submissive requests, as well as situational and dispositional determinants of subjects' responses to the four forms of requests. Situations varied in degree of sacrifice and reasonableness of the request. Male and female undergraduates responded to 16 vignettes (4 situations× 4 modes of request made by a male or female) and then completed personality scales. Analyses of variance for compliance, anger, and sympathy each yielded significant main effects for mode of request and for situation. Significant Mode of Request × Situation interactions indicated that assertion tended to produce positive social consequences in reasonable request situations, direct aggression elicited predominantly negative responses, passive aggression produced less negative responses in reasonable request situations, and submission produced predominantly positive responses. There were different sets of dispositional predictors for compliance, anger, and sympathy in response to each mode of request.
Streptococcal upper respiratory tract infections and psychosocial stress predict future tic and obsessive-compulsive symptom severity in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Background One goal of this prospective longitudinal study was to identify new group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections (GABHS) in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome (TS) and/or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) compared with healthy control subjects. We then examined the power of GABHS infections and measures of psychosocial stress to predict future tic, obsessive-compulsive (OC), and depressive symptom severity. Methods Consecutive ratings of tic, OC, and depressive symptom severity were obtained for 45 cases and 41 matched control subjects over a 2-year period. Clinical raters were blinded to the results of laboratory tests. Laboratory personnel were blinded to case or control status and clinical ratings. Structural equation modeling for unbalanced repeated measures was used to assess the sequence of new GABHS infections and psychosocial stress and their impact on future symptom severity. Results Increases in tic and OC symptom severity did not occur after every new GABHS infection. However, the structural equation model found that these newly diagnosed infections were predictive of modest increases in future tic and OC symptom severity but did not predict future depressive symptom severity. In addition, the inclusion of new infections in the model greatly enhanced, by a factor of three, the power of psychosocial stress in predicting future tic and OC symptom severity. Conclusions Our data suggest that a minority of children with TS and early-onset OCD were sensitive to antecedent GABHS infections. These infections also enhanced the predictive power of current psychosocial stress on future tic and OC symptom severity.
An extended lattice model of liquid helium four

A description of the low- and high-temperature behavior of liquid He is given in terms of an extended Matsubara-Matsuda lattice model. Paying particular attention to the kinematical interaction and to the hard core of the bosons leads to a unified theory for the low-temperature behavior and for the lambda transition. Since the hard-core boson operators in the lattice model correspond to spin one-half operators, one can interpret the hamiltonian as the hamiltonian of a magnetic system of oblate form, i.e., the x-y coupling is stronger than the z coupling. A rotation introduced in the space of these operators results in a hamiltonian consisting of three parts: one part is of the anisotropic Heisenberg form, the second contains pairs of creation-annihilation operators at different lattice sites and the third part consists of an interaction between creation-annihilation operators and the z component of the spin operators. A particular choice of the rotation angle eliminates the third part. The equations of motion of the creation and annihilation operators are decoupled with the aid of a momentum-dependent Bogoliubov-like transformation. This leads to a linear energy spectrum and a self-consistent integral equation for the magnetization. An approximation of this self-consistency equation provides a temperature dependence of the magnetization and leads to a critical temperature for a range of external magnetic fields. It is found that in the rotated frame the angle of rotation and the magnetization exhibit a jump at the transition temperature. Consequently, the transition is of second order.
Initial Experience with an Active-Fixation Defibrillation Electrode and the Presence of Nonphysiological Sensing

DOSHI, R.N., et al.: Initial Experience with an Active-Fixation Defibrillation Electrode and the Presence of Nonphysiological Sensing. Nonphysiological sensing by a pacing and defibrillation electrode may result in inappropriate defibrillator discharges and/or inhibition of pacing. Active-fixation electrodes may be more likely to sense diaphragmatic myopotentials because of the protrusion of the screw for fixation. In addition, the movement of the fixation screw in an integrated bipolar lead system could also result in inappropriate sensing. This may be increasingly important in patients who are pacemaker dependent because the dynamic range of the autogain feature of these devices is much more narrow. Five of 15 consecutive patients who received a CPI model 0154 or 0155 active-fixation defibrillation electrode with an ICD system (CPI Ventak AV3DR model 1831 or CPI Ventak VR model 1774 defibrillator) are described. In 2 of the 15 patients, nonphysiological sensing appearing to be diaphragmatic myopotentials resulted in inappropriate defibrillator discharges. Both patients were pacemaker dependent. Changes in the sensitivity from nominal to less sensitive prevented inappropriate discharges. In one patient, discreet nonphysiological sensed events with the electrogram suggestive of ventricular activation was noted at the time of implantation. This was completely eliminated by redeployment of the active-fixation lead in the interventricular septum. In two other patients, discreet nonphysiological sensed events resulted in intermittent inhibition of ventricular pacing after implantation. These were still seen in the least sensitive autogain mode for ventricular amplitude. These were not seen on subsequent interrogation 1 month after implantation. Increased awareness of nonphysiological sensing is recommended. The CPI 0154 and 0155 leads seem to be particularly prone to this abnormality. Particular attention should be made when deploying an active-fixation screw for an integrated bipolar lead. This increased awareness is more important when a given individual is pacemaker dependent, which may warrant DFT testing in a least or less sensitive mode in these patients.
Management of the first in vitro fertilization cycle for unexplained infertility: a cost-effectiveness analysis of split in vitro fertilization-intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

Objective To determine the cost-effectiveness of split IVF-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for the treatment of couples with unexplained infertility. Design Adaptive decision model. Setting Academic infertility clinic. Patient(s) A total of 154 couples undergoing a split IVF-ICSI cycle and a computer-simulated cohort of women Intervention(s) Modeling insemination method in the first IVF cycle as all IVF, split IVF-ICSI, or all ICSI, and adapting treatment based on fertilization outcomes. Main Outcome Measure(s) Live birth rate, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Result(s) In a single cycle, all IVF is preferred as the ICER of split IVF-ICSI or all ICSI ($58,766) does not justify the increased live birth rate (3%). If two cycles are needed, split IVF/ICSI is preferred as the increased cumulative live birth rate (3.3%) is gained at an ICER of $29,666. Conclusion(s) In a single cycle, all IVF was preferred as the increased live birth rate with split IVF-ICSI and all ICSI was not justified by the increased cost per live birth. If two IVF cycles are needed, however, split IVF/ICSI becomes the preferred approach, as a result of the higher cumulative live birth rate compared with all IVF and the lesser cost per live birth compared with all ICSI.
HLA-A29-positive Birdshot Chorioretinopathy in a Hispanic Patient.

AbstractPurpose: To report the first documented case of HLA-A29+ birdshot chorioretinopathy in a Hispanic patient.Case description: A 62-year-old female from Mexico presented with a 15-year history of progressive nyctalopia, floaters, and decreasing vision. She carried multiple previous diagnoses, including posterior vitreous detachment and macular edema. Both fundi showed characteristic creamy ill-defined lesions of birdshot chorioretinopathy, mostly atrophic, with evidence of old periphlebitis and arteriolar attenuation. Bilateral macular atrophy resulted in compromised visual acuity. Workup revealed positive HLA-A29 and was negative for TB and syphilis.Conclusion: Despite having been reported almost exclusively in non-Hispanic Caucasians, HLA-A29-positive birdshot chorioretinopathy may occur in Hispanic patients. This patient's ethnicity may have resulted in a significant delay in diagnosis.
Effects of Communication Mode and Prediscussion Information Distribution Characteristics on Information Exchange in Groups

One advantage of groups is that they have access to a larger pool of expertise and knowledge than individual group members. However, groups are sometimes ineffective at exchanging information. This tendency has been called biased discussion. The present study examines the effects of communication mode face-to-face vs. computer mediated, and Prediscussion information distribution characteristics on biased discussion. Biased discussion was found to occur to a greater degree when communication mode was computer-mediated, and the group members were not in conflict prior to the discussion.
On the suitability of cerium oxide glass for terminal radiation sterilization

The affect of ammonium sulphate treatment on cerium oxide (CeO) glass vials have been assessed following exposure to ionizing radiation at 25 kGy. The bulk chemical composition of irradiated cerium oxide glass remains unchanged despite a temporary browning effect. Stability against alkali leachables of the internal silica matrix is enhanced with ammonium sulphate treatment. With exception to Alumina and Na2O, radiation sterilization has a limited effect on altering the surface chemistry of ammonium sulphate treated cerium oxide glass. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Alanine racemase from the acidophile Acetobacter aceti.

Abstract Acetobacter aceti converts ethanol to acetic acid, and survives acetic acid exposure by tolerating cytoplasmic acidification. Alanine racemase (Alr) is a pyridoxal 5′ phosphate (PLP) -dependent enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of the d - and l -isomers of alanine and has a basic pH optimum. Since d -alanine is essential for peptidoglycan biosynthesis, Alr must somehow function in the acidic cytoplasm of A. aceti . We report the partial purification of native A. aceti Alr ( Aa Alr) and evidence that it is a rather stable enzyme. The C-terminus of Aa Alr has a strong resemblance to the ssrA -encoded protein degradation signal, which thwarted initial protein expression experiments. High-activity Aa Alr forms lacking a protease recognition sequence were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Biophysical and enzymological experiments confirm that Aa Alr is intrinsically acid-resistant, yet has the catalytic properties of an ordinary Alr.
Anomalous infrared spectra of diazepam in potassium bromide pellets prepared from chloroform solutions

Abstract When diazepam in chloroform was incorporated into a KBr pellet, its infrared (i.r.) spectrum showed an anomalous spectral phenomenon at 836 cm −1 . Examination of i.r. spectra of diazepam obtained by the solution, multiple-internal-reflectance, and KBr-pellet techniques suggest that this spectral characteristic is due to the orientation effect of diazepam in KBr pellets.
Explaining the pain of active labor: The importance of maternal confidence

This study was designed to investigate the relationships between the perception of pain during active labor and nine predictor variables: age, parity, childbirth preparation, state anxiety, confidence in ability to handle labor, concern regarding the outcome of labor, fear of pain, cervical dilatation and frequency of uterine contractions. The sample included 134 low-risk women at term with a normal singleton pregnancy. Standard and stepwise regression was used to examine the ability of the selected variables to explain the variance in the sensory, affective, and evaluative components of pain as measured by the subscales of the Pain Rating Index of the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Although significant proportions of variance were explained for each component of pain, the study variables were most powerful in their ability to explain the variance in the affective component of active labor pain. The stepwise analysis suggested that of the nine variables, confidence in ability to handle labor was the most significant predictor of all components of pain during active labor.
Soil acidification caused by four commercial nitrogen fertilizer solutions and subsequent soil pH rebound

Abstract Soil acidification resulting from nitrification of ammonium‐ and urea‐containing nitrogen (N) fertilizers is a management problem in tree fruit orchards, particularly where fertigation through drip irrigation systems is practiced. Anecdotal field evidence suggested that fertilizer‐induced acidification may be transitory because soil pH will increase, or “rebound,” during the following winter. We conducted a laboratory experiment to determine the influence of N fertilizer solution source [calcium nitrate (CN), calcium‐ammonium nitrate (CAN), ammonium nitrate (AN), and urea‐ammonium nitrate (UAN)] and rate (0, 100, 300, and 500 mg total N L‐1 in fertigation solution) on the pH of five Washington orchard soils, using a procedure to simulate two fertigation events followed by a water‐only leaching event. Soil pH was measured five weeks after each event. The relative ranking of the acidification potential of the four fertilizers was consistent with their published values: CN<CAN<AN=UAN. Although CN is...
Vinylogous amide analogues of diaminopimelic acid (DAP) as inhibitors of enzymes involved in bacterial lysine biosynthesis.

Vinylogous amides 5 and 6 have been synthesized from l-propargyl glycine and tested against diaminopimelate (DAP) enzymes involved in bacterial lysine biosynthesis. Both are reversible inhibitors of DAP d-dehydrogenase and DAP epimerase with IC50 values in the 500 μM range. Compound 5 shows competitive inhibition against the l-dihydrodipicolinate (DHDP) reductase with a Ki value of 32 μM, which is comparable to the planar dipicolinate 16 (Ki = 26 μM), the best known inhibitor of the enzyme.
Whitney Award Lecture — 1982: Improving the Ability to Predict Corrosion Behavior through Corrosion Research

Abstract Laboratory research provides a unique opportunity to separate and investigate experimental variables and deduce mechanisms of behavior which must be understood before the solutions to mate...
Stiffness-Based Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics

AbstractThis paper presents a novel technique for the simulation of a nano/micro-material system known as stiffness-based coarse-grained molecular dynamics (SB-CG-MD), which aims to extend the arena of conventional all-atom molecular dynamics (AA-MD) to a greater length and time scale while still capturing atomistic effects. The solution region is modeled on a mesh, and its governing equation is derived solely (yet rigorously) from that of AA-MD through a kinematic constraint and Taylor series expansion. The governing equation of SB-CG-MD resembles that of classical finite element analysis; however, the stiffness matrix is constructed from the interatomic potential instead of stress-strain relation. As a result, the degrees of freedom (DOF) of the simulated material system are reduced from the number of atoms involved to the number of nodes of all elements in the finite element mesh. When the element size shrinks to the atomistic scale, the mesh nodes coincide with atomic sites. To test the capability and...
Adaptive evolution of the virus resistance gene Apobec in the genus Mus

retroviruses, retroelements and their hosts Meet ing abstracts - A single PDF containing all abstracts in this Supplement is available here . http://www. biomedcentral.co m/content/pdf/17 42-4690-6-S2-inf o.pdf
Assessment of the potential for copper limitation of ammonia oxidation by Archaea in a dynamic estuary

Abstract The distribution and speciation of copper (Cu) in Hood Canal, a fjord in western Puget Sound, Washington, were studied over a 2-year period. Cu is required as a cofactor for many enzymatic pathways, including ammonia oxidation. In Hood Canal, ammonia oxidation is largely dominated by ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), which have high Cu requirements for other processes as well. Dissolved Cu was slightly depleted in the upper water column, and concentrations were almost unchanged from measurements made in the late 1970s, ranging from 4.08 to 6.12 nM. Although this implies that the biological demand is small relative to the large and relatively constant inventory of dissolved Cu, and that Cu limitation is therefore unlikely to influence rates of biological processes, speciation measurements indicated that dissolved Cu is strongly complexed by organic ligands. As a result, bioavailable Cu2 + concentrations were considerably lower, varying from 6.14 × 10–15 M to 1.36 × 10–12 M. This is a range that encompasses the threshold (
A motif of eleven amino acids is a structural adaptation that facilitates motor capability of eutherian prestin

Cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs) alter their length in response to transmembrane voltage changes. This so-called electromotility is the result of conformational changes of membrane-bound prestin. Prestin-based OHC motility is thought to be responsible for cochlear amplification, which contributes to the exquisite frequency selectivity and sensitivity of mammalian hearing. Prestin belongs to an anion transporter family, the solute carrier protein 26A (SLC26A). Prestin is unique in this family in that it functions as a voltage-dependent motor protein manifested by two hallmarks, nonlinear capacitance and motility. Evidence suggests that prestin orthologs from zebrafish and chicken are anion exchangers or transporters with no motor function. We identified a segment of 11 amino acid residues in eutherian prestin that is extremely conserved among eutherian species but highly variable among non-mammalian orthologs and SLC26A paralogs. To determine whether this sequence represents a motif that facilitates motor function in eutherian prestin, we utilized a chimeric approach by swapping corresponding residues from the zebrafish and chicken with those of gerbil. Motility and nonlinear capacitance were measured from chimeric prestin-transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells using a voltage-clamp technique and photodiode-based displacement measurement system. We observed a gain of motor function with both of the hallmarks in the chimeric prestin without loss of transport function. Our results show, for the first time, that the substitution of a span of 11 amino acid residues confers the electrogenic anion transporters of zebrafish and chicken prestins with motor-like function. Thus, this motif represents the structural adaptation that assists gain of motor function in eutherian prestin.
Game theoretical applications for multi-agent systems

We consider game-theoretic principles for design of cooperative and competitive (non-cooperative self-interested) multi-agent systems. Using economic concepts of tatonnement and economic core, we show that cooperative multi-agent systems should be designed in games with dominant strategies that may lead to social dilemmas. Non-cooperative multi-agent systems, on the other hand, should be designed for games with no clear dominant strategies and high degree of problem complexity. Further, for non-cooperative multi-agent systems, the number of learning agents should be carefully managed so that solutions in the economic core can be obtained. We provide experimental results for the design of cooperative and non-cooperative MAS from telecommunication and manufacturing industries.
Treatment of Acyclovir-Resistant Herpes Simplex Virus with Continuous Infusion of High-Dose Acyclovir in Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Patients

Infection because of herpes simplex virus (HSV) that is resistant to acyclovir (ACV) poses treatment challenges in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) patients. We present a series of patients with ACV-resistant HSV following HCT who were successfully treated with continuous infusion high-dose ACV after failing standard treatment regimens for ACV-resistant HSV.
A chance constraint estimation approach to optimizing resource management under uncertainty

Chance-constrained optimization is an important method for managing risk arising from random variations in natural resource systems, but the probabilistic formulations often pose mathematical programming problems that cannot be solved with exact methods. A heuristic estimation method for these problems is presented that combines a formulation for order statistic observations with the sample average approximation method as a substitute for chance constraints. The estimation method was tested on two problems, a small fire organization budgeting problem for which exact solutions are known and a much larger and more difficult habitat restoration problem for which exact solutions are unknown. The method performed well on both problems, quickly finding the correct solutions to the fire budgeting problem and repeatedly finding identical solutions to the habitat restoration problem.
Both VH and VL chains of polyreactive IgM antibody are required for polyreactivity: expression of Fab in Escherichia coli

Monoclonal polyreactive antibodies can bind to many structurally dissimilar self and non-self antigens. Neither the precise antigen-binding site on the polyreactive antibody molecule nor the molecular basis of polyreactivity has been elucidated. The present study was initiated to see whether antibody genes encoding the Fab fragment of a human monoclonal polyreactive IgM antibody (MoAb 67) could be efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli, and whether the bacterially expressed Fab fragments possessed biological activity. cDNA encoding the variable domains of the heavy and light chains of MoAb 67 were cloned, amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and expressed in E. coli. Neither the recombinant heavy nor light chain showed antigen-binding activity. In contrast, the recombinant Fab 67 fragment showed the same antigen-binding reactivity profile as the native IgM antibody. It is concluded that the antigen-binding activity of polyreactive antibodies resides in the Fab fragment, and that both the heavy and light chains are required for activity.
Cuing effects of faces are dependent on handedness and visual field.

Faces are unlike other visual objects we encounter, in that they alert us to potentially relevant social information. Both face processing and spatial attention are dominant in the right hemisphere of the human brain, with a stronger lateralization in right- than in left-handers. Here, we demonstrate behavioral evidence for an effect of handedness on performance in tasks using faces to direct attention. Nonpredictive, peripheral cues (faces or dots) directed exogenous attention to contrast-varying stimuli (Gabor patches)—a tilted target, a vertical distractor, or both; observers made orientation discriminations on the target stimuli. Whereas cuing with dots increased contrast sensitivity in both groups, cuing with faces increased contrast sensitivity in right- but not in left-handers, for whom opposite hemifield effects resulted in no net increase. Our results reveal that attention modulation by face cues critically depends on handedness and visual hemifield. These previously unreported interactions suggest that such lateralized systems may be functionally connected.
The bureaucratic context of international health: A social scientist's view

Abstract Using primary care as an example, this paper examines how the bureaucratic structures and culture of the international health agencies have affected the planning and delivery of health programs. Many primary health care programs were ineffective, as research undertaken in Nepal has shown, because they reflected the perspective and needs of the health bureaucracies involved rather than those of the local villages receiving services. Similarly, work in other South and Southeast Asian countries reveals that primary health care was interpreted differently in different bureaucratic settings and adapted to bureaucratic needs, but not necessarily adapted to village cultures and conditions. Social scientists, who are trained to analyze and articulate different cultural contexts, can play a key role in helping international health bureaucracies become more sensitive to the rural village cultures they serve.
A sequential transmission scheme for unifilar finite-state channels with feedback based on posterior matching

The capacity of unifilar finite-state channels with feedback has been recently derived in the form of a single-letter expression and it has been evaluated analytically for a number of channels of interest, such as the trapdoor channel and the Ising channel with feedback. In this paper, we investigate transmission schemes for this class of channels. These schemes are inspired by the posterior matching scheme (PMS) introduced for memoryless channels with feedback. The transmission scheme is proven to achieve zero rate and is conjectured to achieve channel capacity.
The Meanings of "Life" in the Hebrew of Ben Sira

The present note offers further examples where the Hebrew word חיים seems to indicate "maintenance," "livelihood," "manner of living," and "what sustains life." Many dictionaries list this definition of the word, but they usually cite just one passage in which the word has this meaning. The additional examples I provide derive mainly from the Wisdom of Ben Sira and suggest that this nuance to the word was common at least at the time when Ben Sira's work was composed, ca. 180 B.C.E.
ANALYSIS OF VOR/DME SIGNAL COVERAGE OVER THE CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES

This paper describes an analysis based on computer programs written by the authors which estimate the availability of VOR/DME and dual DME coverage at en route altitudes and the availability of dual DME for approach guidance at major airports within the Continental United States. En route results are given for various aircraft altitudes above sea level and above average terrain and are presented in the form of computer-generated maps. Terminal results are summarized in a table.
High-order out-of-plane expansion for 3D fields

The precise determination of the dynamics in accelerators with complicated field arrangements such as Fixed Field Alternating Gradient accelerators (FFAG) depends critically on the ability to describe the appearing magnetic fields in full 3D. However, frequently measurements or models of FFAG fields postulate their behavior in the midplane only, and rely on the fact that this midplane field and its derivatives determine the field in all of space. The detailed knowledge of the resulting out-of-plane fields is critical for a careful assessment of the vertical dynamics. We describe a method based on the differential algebraic (DA) approach to obtain the resulting out-of-plane expansions to any order in an order-independent, straightforward fashion. In particular, the resulting fields satisfy Maxwell's equations to the order of the expansion up to machine precision errors, and without any inaccuracies that can arise from conventional divided difference or finite element schemes for the computation of out-of-plane fields. The method relies on re-writing the underlying PDE as a fixed point problem involving DA operations, and in particular the differential algebraic integration operator. We illustrate the performance of the method for a variety of practical examples, and obtain estimates for the orders necessary to describe the fields to a prescribed accuracy.
Dynamic deformation of shock prestrained copper

Abstract Measurements of yield stress and strain hardening behavior at strain rates in the range 10 −3 –10 4 s −1 are reported for copper that has been previously shock deformed at a shock pressure of 10 GPa. Characterization of the mechanical properties and microstructure, using transmission electron microscopy, showed that the hardening induced by the shock wave is equivalent to that achieved when copper is deformed at low strain rates to strains between 20% and 30%. Deformation in the shock-deformed material is analyzed using the internal-state-variable model applied by Follansbee and Kocks. The model adequately describes the stress levels, the strain hardening rate, and the dependence of the flow stress on strain rate measured for high strain rate compression tests on the shock-deformed material.
Does Hegemony Matter? The Reorganization of the Pacific Political Economy

The timing and nature of an emerging Pacific economic regime are examined within a framework that extends existing understandings of regime formation. One analytic level is provided by the dynamic nature of states' strategic incentives, as they change from a pattern characterized by extreme hegemony toward one exhibiting features of a more balanced power distribution. Cultural underpinnings of regime values is another. Together, these explain features of Pacific regime formation that otherwise appear anomalous: its delayed emergence, its central internal tensions, and its weakness.
What is a nationalist? Some Thoughts on the Question from Bosnia-Herzegovina

This short piece offers an ethnographic analysis of political dynamics in a small, divided town in central Bosnia [i] , while [s1] also reflecting on some recurrent assumptions about the nature of nationalist politics and belonging in the Balkans. When it comes to this country, researchers and political reformists face a serious conundrum: despite 16 years of internationally sponsored reconciliation and rebuilding purportedly aimed at creating a unified state, the country's voters continue to give their preference to rival nationalist parties. Subsequently, many analyses suggest that Bosnian Croats, Serbs and Bosniaks (Muslims) remain convinced of the saliency of nationalism, its categories and the forms of political organization it offers. The conclusion that seems to follow is that because the majority of country’s citizens choose nationalists as their “legitimate” representatives, they are themselves nationalists. Even some anthropologists, such as Hayden (2007), argue that electoral numbers in the region reflect the “true” native's point of view—that of a nationalist—which may make us uncomfortable but will also give access to some kind of a "real" that must be a starting point for both analysis and political intervention. On the other hand, international “humanitarians” and liberal reformists in Bosnia will make abundant use of the same conundrum to insist that nationalism is a form of false consciousness that can be eradicated through education, increase in political literacy, and confrontation with cold, hard facts (about corruption, inefficiency, poverty, etc.) I want to complicate this view of nationalism as a “matter of conviction” by narrating the story of Zlata [ii] , a young woman in town who was rumored, despite her repeated rebuttals, to be a member of a nationalist party. In the course of this move, I turn towards the processes whereby people come to enact, reproduce and make real nationalist frameworks irrespective of their values or intentions. In my analysis, the very figure of the nationalist becomes a theoretical, ethical and political problem rather than an empirical reality. [iii] [i] Throughout this text, I will use Bosnia-Herzegovina and Bosnia interchangeably. [ii] The names of informants and other identifying markers have been changed to protect confidentiality. [iii] The same kind of a claim could be made for the figure out the “antinationalist.” In that sense, I fold mine into Stef Jansen’s argument (2005) that nationalism as well as antinationalism form sets of discursive practices that become enacted by but also remain unevenly available to different people.
Characterization of EEG signal changes via Itakura distance

Clinical assessment of neurological system would be greatly facilitated by interpretation of disease- or injury-related changes in electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Under the assumption that EEG signal can be modeled as an autoregressive (AR) process, Itakura distance is used to measure the similarity of the EEG signals obtained during various phases of the experimental study. The effectiveness of the Itakura distance is demonstrated through its ability to distinguish hypoxia and asphysia as well as to predict recovery following the injury.
Enabling Technologies for Robotically-Assisted Sutureless Coronary Anastomosis

Performing a fine manipulation task on a moving surface through a teleoperated robotic system presents significant challenges to the human operator. Addressing these challenges is particularly important in robotic surgical systems, where motion of the patient can result in surgical errors that degrade the quality of the surgery. The use of motion compensation by a robot manipulator to cancel the motion of the patient would represent a significant improvement over existing techniques. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the role of force-feedback in a motion-canceling teleoperation system. We have developed an experimental system in which the roles of motion-cancellation and teleoperation have been decoupled between separate robot manipulators. Our results lead us to the conclusion that force-feedback minimizes contact forces in motion-canceling teleoperation due to: 1) minimization of the collision forces due to the initial contact with the target surface, and 2) minimizing forces due to accidental contact generated by tracking errors by taking advantage of the naturally modulated impedance of the human hand during such tasks.
The extent that natural lakes in the United States of America have been changed by cultural eutrophication

We used paleolimnological data for 240 lakes from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (USEPA) 2007 National Lakes Assessment to estimate the extent that natural lakes in the coterminous United States have been changed by anthropogenic activities. In order to detect cultural eutrophication, we analyzed data on diatominferred concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), specific conductance (SC), and pH as determined from lake sediments from the tops and bottoms of sediment cores from 240 natural lakes where the bottom of the core was judged to represent conditions prior to European settlement. We found no statistically significant increases in the average concentrations of TN, while TP decreased by 14% in this population of lakes since the time of European settlement. We also analyzed data from 48 reference lakes used by the USEPA to determine the relative condition of the sample lakes. Paired t-tests showed the TN concentrations were not significantly different between the two time periods (p . 5%), while the average TP concentrations had significantly decreased by 26% since presettlement times (p , 5%). There were statistically significant increases in SC (17%) and pH (0.05 pH units). There were no statistically significant differences between the changes in TP, TN, SC, and pH in the 240 sample lakes and the changes in the 48 reference lakes. The proportions of lakes categorized as oligotrophic, mesotrophic, eutrophic, and hypereutrophic for the presettlement time period were not significantly different from the proportions found in 2007. There are many documented cases of individual lakes in the United States (such as Lake Erie and Lake Washington) that have changed in the past due to anthropogenic increases in loads of total phosphorus (TP) and/or total nitrogen (TN). Point sources such as wastewater treatment plants have been the major sources of accelerated eutrophication; however, following recent pollution control efforts, these sources have been controlled, and focus has been placed on nonpoint sources (National Research Council 1992) that are not as easily evaluated. For this reason, there have been few scientific estimates of the extent of changes in the chemical characteristics of natural lakes in the United States. For regulatory purposes, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) suggests that the nutrient concentrations of 75% of U.S. lakes are above their natural levels. For lakes with no or little development in their watersheds (reference lakes), they consider 25% of these lakes to have levels of TP and TN that have been elevated above their natural concentrations. We wished to test this hypothesis. The objective of this study is to use newly available data from the National Lakes Assessment (USEPA 2010a) to estimate the extent that natural lakes in the United States have been changed by anthropogenic activities. Methods
Optical enzymatic detection of glucose based on hydrogen peroxide-sensitive HiPco carbon nanotubes

We recently observed that surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-encased HiPco single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) respond optically to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the near-infrared region. In this report, we demonstrate that SDS-encased SWNTs immobilized with glucose oxidase (GOx) can be used to optically detect an enzymatic reaction of glucose based on their H2O2 sensitivity as well as pH sensitivity. Only the enzymatic product H2O2 induces the SWNT near-infrared spectral changes in buffer solutions (pH = 6.0), but both H2O2 and gluconic acid products do this in unbuffered solutions. The SWNT optical response to glucose possesses sensitivity and selectivity similar to an electrochemical method using carbon nanotube nanoelectrode arrays. Our results suggest possible carbon nanotube-based optical tools for molecular recognition applications.
The Propagation of Radio Waves over the Surface of the Earth and in the Upper Atmosphere

Completely general formulas are given for computing at any point above a plane earth of finite conductivity the vector electric field for a source which may be a combination of vertical and horizontal electric dipoles or a loop antenna with its axis parallel or perpendicular to the earth. As illustrations of the above general methods, formulas are derived for the ground-wave radiation from (1) a grounded vertical antenna carrying a sinusoidal current distribution and (2) elevated vertical and horizontal half-wave antennas. The "effective height" of the grounded vertical antenna is determined as a function of the ground constants, and this formula is then used to determine the effect of the ground constants on the groundwave field intensity in the neighborhood of a quarter-wave antenna. The formulas are also used to show the influence of antenna height on the attenuation of high and ultra-high frequencies. The forward tilt, i.e., E r /E z , which occurs for the electric vector lying in the vertical plane passing through the antenna, is also easily computed from the formulas given and is shown graphically. An expression for the Poynting vector is derived, and it is shown that a part of the energy in the wave near the ground flows downward into the ground.
“Roll Back Malaria, Roll in Development”? Reassessing the Economic Burden of Malaria

Recent efforts to mobilize support for malaria control have highlighted the economic burden of malaria and the value of malaria control for generating economic development. These claims have a long history. Beginning in the early twentieth century, they became the primary justification for malaria-control programs in the American South and in other parts of the globe, including British India. Economists conducted none of these studies. Following World War II and the development of new anti-malarial drugs and pesticides, including DDT, malaria control and eradication were increasingly presented as instruments for eliminating economic underdevelopment. By the 1960s, however, economists and demographers began to raise serious substantive and methodological questions about the basis of these claims. Of particular concern was the role of rapid population growth, resulting in part from the decline of malaria mortality, in undermining the short-term economic gains achieved through malaria control. Despite these concerns, malaria continues to be presented as an economic problem in the work of Jeffrey Sachs and others, justifying massive investments in malaria control. The methodological basis of these claims is examined. The paper concludes that while malaria takes a dreadful toll in human lives and causes significant economic losses for individuals, families, and some industries, the evidence linking malaria control to national economic growth remains unconvincing. In addition, the evidence suggests that there are potential costs to justifying malaria-eradication campaigns on macroeconomic grounds.
On unique, multiset, and set decipherability of three-word codes

The concepts of unique decipherability (UD), multiset decipherability (MSD), and set decipherability (SD) of codes were developed to handle some special problems in the transmission of information. In unique decipherability, different sequences of codewords carry different information. In multiset decipherability, the information of interest is the multiset of codewords used in the encoding process so that order in which transmitted words are received is immaterial. In set decipherability, it is the set of codewords that is relevant information so the order and the multiplicity of words are immaterial. Lempel (1986) showed that the UD and MSD properties coincide for two-word codes and conjectured that every three-word MSD code is a UD code. Guzman (1995) showed that the UD, MSD, and SD properties coincide for two-word codes and conjectured that these properties coincide for three-word codes. In this paper, we answer both conjectures positively for all three-word codes {C/sub 1/, C/sub 2/, C/sub 3/} satisfying |C/sub 1/|=|C/sub 2/|/spl les/|C/sub 3/|. Our procedures are based on techniques related to dominoes.
Effects of Cortisone and Thalidomide on Morphogenesis of Secondary Palate in A/Hej Mice

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA LE EFFECTOS DE CORTISONA E THALIDOMIDA SUPER LE MORPHOGENESE DEL PALATO SECUNDARI IN MUSES A/HEJ.—Un studio del palatogenese normal durante le periodo inter die 11 1/2 e 16 1/2 post le conception ha monstrate que le clausura palatal occurre approximativemente al die 15. Le administration intraperitonee de thalidomida in doses de 10 e de 15 mg. resultava in nulle malformation palatal quando illo esseva effectuate 11 1/2 dies post le conception. Acetato de cortisona in doses de 5 e 10 mg. causava 35, respectivemente 83 pro cento de palatos fisse.
FPGA-Based Channel Simulator for a Wireless Network Emulator

Wireless channel emulators are important tools for testing radio devices, especially in mobile environments. Wireless network emulators give the same accuracy and control for testing radio network systems that traditional channel emulators give to point to point radio links. Network emulators require many more independent channels than traditional channel emulators. This problem is particularly challenging for the real time channel simulator in the emulator. The challenges of designing a wireless network channel simulator are discussed and a design is presented on a Xilinx Virtex-II Pro FPGA. This channel simulator can model 210 independent channels between 15 nodes with a bandwidth of 90MHz. The performance of the design was verified by measuring transport-layer throughput between 802.11b radios transmitting through the channel simulator.
Abdominal pain in an adult with Type 2 diabetes: A case report

Introduction Chronic abdominal pain (CAP) may be a manifestation of diseases involving many intra-abdominal organs. Beside diseases affecting subjects without diabetes mellitus, diabetic patients may have CAP due to diabetes-related complications like neuritis, motor diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and autonomic dysfunction. Atherosclerosis is 2–4 times more common in patients with diabetes and affects mainly carotid, coronary, iliac and lower limb arteries as well as aorta. Another less common complication is chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI, intestinal angina), caused by atherosclerotic obstruction of the celiac artery and its branches and results in episodic or constant intestinal hypoperfusion.
Vaejovis montanus (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae), a new species from the Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico

Abstract A new species of montane scorpion is described from the Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico. The species is morphologically similar to scorpions distributed throughout the “sky island” region of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico and is a member of the “vorhiesi” subgroup of the Vaejovis “mexicanus” group. The morphology of the new species is compared to that of “vorhiesi” subgroup taxa, and biogeographic hypotheses about the diversification of this group are provided.
Representation of humanitarian aid/disaster relief missions with an agent based model to analyze optimal resource placement

An Agent Based Model was developed to help analyze the importance of the size, number, operating time, and placement of resources dispensaries and processing centers in Phase II of a Humanitarian Aid / Disaster Relief (HA/DR) mission. The ABM developed takes into account population density, social economic attributes of the population, ethnicity makeup of the population, crime rates, resource needs, medical needs, and migration of the population after a disaster. The model was developed in NetLogo 4.1 to be a flexible analysis tool that can represent a variety of generic populated areas in need of humanitarian assistance. The model was analyzed varying 11 factors and tracking 6 responses using a 128 case Nested Latin Hypercube Design and a 60 case Robust Screening Design with 20 repetitions. The analysis determined the number of distribution and processing centers to be the major driving factor in the responses studied.
Polynomial vicinity circuits and nonlinear lower bounds

We study families of Boolean circuits with the property that the number of gates at distance t fanning into or out of any given gate in a circuit is bounded above by a polynomial in t of some degree k. We prove that such circuits require size /spl Omega/(n/sup 1+1/k//log n) to compute several natural families of functions, including sorting, finite field arithmetic, and the "rigid linear transformations" of L. Valiant (1977). Our proof develops a "separator theorem" in the style of R. Lipton and R. Tarjan (1979) for a new class of graphs, and our methods may have independent graph-theoretic interest.