cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Discordance of Global Estimates by Patients and Their Physicians in Usual Care of Many Rheumatic Diseases: Association With 5 Scores on a Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MDHAQ) That Are Not Found on the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ)

Objective To analyze discordance between global estimates by patients (PATGL) and their physicians (DOCGL) according to demographic and self-report variables on a Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MDHAQ) in patients with many rheumatic diseases seen in usual care. Methods Each patient completed an MDHAQ at each visit, which includes scores for physical function, pain, and PATGL, each found on the traditional Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and scores for sleep quality, anxiety, depression, self-report joint count, and fatigue, which are not found on the HAQ. A random visit of 980 patients with any rheumatic diagnosis was analyzed in 3 categories: PATGL=DOCGL (within 2 of 10 units), PATGL>DOCGL (by ≥2 of 10 units), and DOCGL>PATGL (by ≥2 of 10 units), using descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression models. Results Patients included 145 with rheumatoid arthritis, 57 with systemic lupus erythematosus, 173 with osteoarthritis, 348 with other inflammatory diseases, and 257 with other noninflammatory diseases. Overall, PATGL=DOCGL in 509 (52%), PATGL>DOCGL in 371 (38%), and DOCGL>PATGL in 100 (10%). PATGL>DOCGL was associated significantly with older age, female sex, low formal education, Hispanic ethnicity, not working, high MDHAQ physical function and pain scores, and high scores for fatigue, poor sleep, anxiety, depression, and self-report joint count, which are not available on the HAQ. Pain and fatigue were significant in a final multinomial logistic regression; the other variables may raise awareness of discordance to clinicians. Conclusion Global estimates of patients indicated significantly poorer status than estimates of their physicians in 38% of 980 patients with rheumatic conditions, and were associated with demographic and MDHAQ scores, 5 of which are not available on the HAQ.
Beyond Maximum Likelihood and Density Estimation: A Sample-Based Criterion for Unsupervised Learning of Complex Models

The goal of many unsupervised learning procedures is to bring two probability distributions into alignment. Generative models such as Gaussian mixtures and Boltzmann machines can be cast in this light, as can recoding models such as ICA and projection pursuit. We propose a novel sample-based error measure for these classes of models, which applies even in situations where maximum likelihood (ML) and probability density estimation-based formulations cannot be applied, e.g., models that are nonlinear or have intractable posteriors. Furthermore, our sample-based error measure avoids the difficulties of approximating a density function. We prove that with an unconstrained model, (1) our approach converges on the correct solution as the number of samples goes to infinity, and (2) the expected solution of our approach in the generative framework is the ML solution. Finally, we evaluate our approach via simulations of linear and nonlinear models on mixture of Gaussians and ICA problems. The experiments show the broad applicability and generality of our approach.
Theoretical model for optical-wave phase fluctuations

A model is developed for the probability density function of the phase of an optical wave propagating through atmospheric turbulence. The field of the optical wave is modeled as the coherent sum of a constant-amplitude component and a random component whose amplitude is governed by the K distribution. Under the same conditions, it was previously shown that the intensity of the field is approximately governed by the I–K distribution. Two functional forms of the phase distribution are derived, and special cases of each are discussed.
Comparing Rail Transit Capitalization Benefits for Single-Family and Condominium Units in San Diego, California

This research analyzes and compares the effects that rail transit stations have on values of condominiums and single-family homes in San Diego, California. It is hypothesized that households on the market for a condominium will value proximity to rail stations more than those on the market for a single-family home will and therefore the capitalization benefits are greater for condominiums. Past research has shown that property near rail stations sells at a modest premium (between 0% and 10%) in many U.S. cities. However, most of these studies focus on single-family homes. The hedonic price analysis presented in this paper indicates that condominiums receive capitalization benefits in excess of 10%, whereas the benefits received by single-family properties fall within the more typical range (<10%).
A general force/torque relationship and kinematic representation for flexible link manipulators

A technique to determine the relationship between the generalized joint torque and the generalized force exerted by the end-effector of a flexible link manipulator on the environment is presented. First, a systematic technique which accounts for the links' bending and torsion is used to determine the kinematic equations of the manipulator. A procedure to determine a “pseudo” Jacobian matrix which accounts for the links' flexibility is then developed. In the determination of the pseudo Jacobian matrix, partial derivatives are not used, thus reducing inaccuracies resulting from approximating the bending and torsion of the links. Using the principle of virtual work, a force and torque relationship between the joints and end-effector is obtained. To demonstrate the validity of the technique presented, computer simulations of the resulting force/torque relationship are compared to results obtained experimentally.
Comparative carbonate and hydroxide complexation of cations in seawater

Comparative concentrations of carbonate and hydroxide complexes in natural solutions can be expressed in terms of reactions with bicarbonate that have no explicit pH dependence (MOH z-n n + nHCO - 3 ↔ M(CO 3 ) z-2n n + nH 2 O). Stability constants for this reaction with n = 1 were determined using conventional formation constant data expressed in terms of hydroxide and carbonate. Available data indicate that stability constants appropriate to seawater at 25 °C expressed in the form Φ 1 = [MCO z-2 n ][MOH z-1 ] -1 [HCO - 3 ] -1 are on the order of 10 4.2 for a wide range of cations (M z+ ) with z = +1, +2 and +3. Φ 1 is sufficiently large that MCO z-2 3 species appear to substantially dominate MOH z-1 species in seawater. Evaluations of comparative stepwise carbonate and hydroxide stability constant behavior leading to the formation of n = 2 and n = 3 complexes suggest that carbonate complexes generally dominate hydroxide complexes in seawater, even for cations whose inorganic speciation schemes in seawater are currently presumed to be strongly dominated by hydrolyzed forms (M(OH) z-n n ). Calculated stability constants, Φ 2 = [M(CO 3 ) z-4 2 ][M(OH) z-2 2 ] -1 [HCO - 3 ] -2 and Φ 3 = [M(CO 3 ) z-6 3 ][M(OH) z-3 3 ] -1 [HCO - 3 ] -3 indicate that the importance of carbonate complexation is sufficiently large that carbonate and hydroxide complexes would be generally comparable even if calculated Φ 2 and Φ 3 values are overestimated by two or more orders of magnitude. Inclusion of mixed ligand species in carbonate-hydroxide speciation models allows cation complexation intensities (M T /[M 2+ ]) to be expressed in the following form: M T [M z+ ] = (1 + R 1 ) × β* 1 [H + ] -1 + (1 + 2R 1/2 2 + R 2 ) × β* 2 [H + ] -2 + (1 + 3R 1/3 3 + 3R 2/3 3 + R 3 ) × β* 3 [H + ] -3 + C, where M T represents the concentration of total dissolved metal exclusive of organic complexes and R 1 = [MCO z-2 3 ](MOH z-1 ] -1 - Φ 1 [HCO - 3 ], R 2 = [M(CO 3 ) z-4 2 ][M(OH) z-2 2 ] -1 = Φ 2 [HCO - 3 ] 2 , R 3 = [M(CO 3 ) z-6 3 ][M(OH) z-3 3 ] -1 = Φ 2 [HCO - 3 ] 3 , β * n = [M(OH) z-n n ][H + ] n M z+ ] -1 , and C is a constant term (independent of pH) that accounts for formation of chloride, fluoride and sulfate complexation. The terms for mixed ligand complexation in this equation demonstrate that carbonate-containing species, MCO 3 OH z-3 , MCO 3 (OH) z-4 2 and, to a lesser extent, M(CO 3 ) 2 OH z-5 should be quite significant relative to M(OH) z-2 2 and M(OH) z-3 3 even when R 2 = 0.01 and R 3 = 0.001. The results in this work indicate that the general importance of carbonate complexation in environmental solutions is substantially underestimated. Further studies should be devoted to experimental examination of the carbonate complexation of strongly hydrolyzed cations.
Adjuvant inhibition of iAPC function in the tumor microenvironment promotes therapeutic immunity in the setting of vaccination-induced T cell anti-tumor response.

Meeting abstracts Glioma tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cell (DC) vaccination is an effective treatment modality. However, cure rates in the established tumor setting are not therapeutically significant in our preclinical models. We inferred that immunosuppressive antigen presenting cells (iAPCs)
Decreased Thin Filament Density and Length in Human Atrophic Soleus Muscle Fibers After Spaceflight

Soleus muscle fibers were examined electron microscopically from pre- and postflight biopsies of four astronauts orbited for 17 days during the Life and Microgravity Sciences Spacelab Mission (June...
Transient Inhibition of Polyoma Virus Synthesis by Sendai Virus (Parainfluenza I) I. Demonstration and Nature of the Inhibition by Inactivated Virus

Superinfection of polyoma virus-infected mouse embryo cells by beta-propiolactone-inactivated Sendai virus resulted in a 90% inhibition of the synthesis of infectious polyoma progeny. The interference is dependent upon the time of superinfection and the concentration of the inactivated virus. The inhibition of polyoma virus synthesis is transient in nature since normal synthesis of polyoma progeny virus is seen upon prolonged incubation. Interferon does not appear to be implicated in the interference. Various aspects of the biological and synthetic capabilities of beta-propiolactone-inactivated Sendai virus are also described.
Studies on the hydrophilic properties of possible ointment base constituents. IV. The fatty acid esters of the polyhydroxy alcohols

The water numbers of a homologous series of fatty add esters of polyhydroxy alcohols were investigated. The fatty acid esters of glycol, propylene glycol and glycerol (with the exception of glyceryl-mono-oleate) did not cause emulsion formation at the lower concentrations. Glycol-monostearate and propylene-glycol-monostearate afforded slight emulsification at concentrations greater than 10 per cent. The fatty acid esters of sorbitan and mannitan are excellent emulsifying agents. These agents produced the greatest increase in the water number of petrolatum of all the compounds studied. This study was limited to the W/O emulsions.
Validation for Taxation: An Argument for the Implementation of a Carbon Tax under Section 111(D) of the Clean Air

In this paper, I will argue for the implementation of a carbon tax-based state implementation plan for existing sources under Section 111(d) of the Clean Air Act. I will argue that a carbon tax provides powerful incentives for companies operating existing power plants to reduce the emissions produced by these plants. I will also show that the potential uncertainty in emissions reductions that would result from a carbon tax would be overcome when the proposed state implementation plan also includes a five-year monitoring mechanism that is also designed to prevent abuse of the proposed plan. In Part I of this paper, I will detail the history and statutory scheme of the Clean Air Act, including its stated objectives and the broad implementation thereof. In Part II, I will discuss the current state of regulation for new sources under Section 111(b) and detail the implementation of regulation of existing sources under Section 111(d). I will also list and describe the various alternatives that are currently being proposed by scholars as viable model SIPs for use in conjunction with Section 111(d). Additionally, I will specifically describe the proposed SIP and the advantages that the proposed SIP offers as opposed to the model SIPs. I will also address the implications of a carbon tax, both on industry and society as a whole. Finally, in Part III, I will discuss the possible challenges that the proposed SIP could face, and the defenses that could be utilized to respond to these challenges.
An ultrasonically powered micropump for on-demand in-situ drug delivery

In this paper, we introduce an ultrasonically powered micropump that enables in-situ drug delivery via an electrolytic mechanism. The pump has overall dimensions of 2.2×0.7×0.5 cm3 including a 13 μL drug reservoir and is powered/controlled wirelessly through an external ultrasonic transducer 11 cm away. Upon activation, the micropump dispenses drug at a flow rate of 0.23 μL/s and can sustain backpressures of up to 30 Torr. The pump and associated circuitry is fabricated with laser-assisted rapid prototyping techniques, allowing for low-cost production.
The changing role of consumers and suppliers in a food safety event: the 2006 foodborne illness outbreak linked to spinach

ABSTRACTThis article provides a means for testing whether buyers or sellers are responsible for a drop in sales following a market shock. We show that suppliers’ responses dominated the market reaction to the 2006 US Food and Drug Administration warning to avoid fresh spinach contaminated with potentially deadly bacteria Escherichia coli O157:H7. A modified Durbin-Wu-Hausman test for temporary price endogeneity is developed and used in a leafy green vegetable demand model. Test results indicate the price of bagged spinach was exogenous before the announcement but endogenous for approximately 12 weeks afterward. We show these results are consistent with the notion that suppliers temporarily limited the availability of spinach to consumers. Instead of consumers choosing the quantity purchased given exogenous prices, it was suppliers who limited the quantity marketed and consumers’ choices established the market price.
Revision of the Genus Aeoloplides (Orthoptera, Acrididae)

The major part of this study was carried out at the University of Kansas in 1946–48 under the direction of Dr. R. H. Beamer, as a thesis problem for the Master of Arts degree. At the University of Michigan in 1953–54, with the assistance of Dr. T. H. Hubbell, some uncertain points were cleared up and the manuscript was brought up to date and prepared for publication. Examination was made of 2,283 specimens of the seven species and one subspecies of the genus.
ATP-MgCl2 administration normalizes macrophage cAMP and beta-adrenergic receptors after hemorrhage and resuscitation

Although ATP-MgCl2 attenuates the release of inflammatory cytokines and restores the defective macrophage (M phi) antigen presentation function after hemorrhage and resuscitation, it is not known whether administration of this agent after hemorrhage affects M phi adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) levels and beta-adrenergic receptors. To determine this, rats underwent a midline laparotomy (i.e., induction of trauma) and were then bled to and maintained at a mean arterial pressure of 40 mmHg until 40% of maximum bleedout volume was returned in the form of Ringer lactate (RL). Animals were resuscitated with four times the volume of shed blood with RL, during and after which ATP-MgCl2 (50 mumol/kg) or saline was administered over 95 min. At 1.5 h postresuscitation (i.e., 10 min after completion of ATP-MgCl2 infusion), peritoneal M phi and Kupffer cells were isolated, and cAMP levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. beta-Receptor binding characteristics were also determined in isolated Kupffer cells. The results indicate that cAMP levels increased significantly in both peritoneal M phi and Kupffer cells after hemorrhage and resuscitation. Maximum binding capacity (Bmax) of beta-receptors increased in Kupffer cells, suggesting that the elevated cAMP may be due to the increased beta-receptor Bmax under such conditions. ATP-MgCl2 treatment, however, markedly decreased beta-receptor Bmax in Kupffer cells and cAMP in both peritoneal M phi and Kupffer cells, and the values were similar to shams. Thus normalization of M phi cAMP levels and beta-receptor binding capacity by ATP-MgCl2 may contribute to the immunoenhancing effects of this agent observed after trauma-hemorrhage and fluid resuscitation.
Construction and identifi cation of a model for HJURP gene defect expression in human embryo villus cells

Objective:To construct a lentiviral vector for RNA interference(RNAi)of the HJURP gene and to identify the silencing efficiency in the human embryo villus cells.To provide a human embryo villus cells multiplication and chromosome segregation. Methods:In accordance with the study,3 specific sequences of si RNA targeting HJURP gene were designed,synthesized,then the complementary DNA containing both sense and antisense oligonucleotides of the targeting sequences were annealed and inserted into the lentiviral vector.The correct clonings were confirmed by PCR and sequencing.The most effective recombinant lentivirus vector was screened,and the recombinant plasmids with the lentivirus packaging mixes were co-transfected into 293 T cells to obtain packaged lentivirus particles.Then viral titer was determined.The silencing efficiency of target gene in human embryo villus cells was detected by Real-Time PCR.Results:DNA sequencing showed that the sh RNA sequence was successfully inserted into the lentivirus vector.The recombinant lentiviral vector was successfully transfected into 293 T cells.The recombinant lentivirus had a titer of 108 PFU/ml.After silencing HJURP gene in human embryo villus cells,the expression level of HJURP m RNA decreased significantly,and the RNAi efficiency was greater than 70%. Conclusion:A lentiviral sh RNA expression vector targeting the HJURP gene is successfully constructed and may effectively silence the target gene at a cellular level,which provides a experimental model for the influence of HJURP gene expressing inhibition on human embryo villus cells multiplication and chromosome segregation.
Validating the Executive Personal Finance Scale with Financial Investments and Expectations in University Students

The validity of the Executive Personal Finance Scale (EPFS) was tested in a sample of 93 undergraduate students (31 men, 62 women; M age = 20.5 years, SD = 1.3, range = 18-24). Scores on the Motivation drive, Organization, and Planning subscales of this scale were associated with having a savings account, owning bank CDs, and self-estimated knowledge about financial matters, while scores on the Impulse control and Motivational drive subscales were associated with expectations for a satisfactory retirement income. The results provide support for the validity of the EPFS.
Pleural and Subpleural Opacities

Pleural and subpleural pulmonary opacities may often be distinguished by their borders, with tapered borders favoring a pleural origin while a sulcus sign or irregular borders favor a pulmonary origin. Distinction of a loculated pleural effusion from pleural masses may not be possible on the chest x-ray but should be easily distinguished on CT. Solitary peripheral masses are more likely peripheral subpleural pulmonary masses while pleural masses such as metastases and mesothelioma are most often multiple.
The Magnetic-Field Dependence of Variable Range Hopping Conduction for Barely Insulating Arsenic-Doped Silicon Samples

The DC hopping conductivity in barely insulating Si:As samples is shown to obey the Mott variable range hopping law. In large magnetic fields at sufficiently high temperature the magnetic field greatly increases To. The ratio To(H)/To(0) shows scaling behavior as N → Nc(H=O) and analysis supports a field-dependent critical density Nc(H) rather than a field-dependent exponent ν(H) of the localization length.
Ablation of Renal Tumors

This section provides a comprehensive procedural report for ablation of renal tumors procedure with up-to-date explanatory notes, synopsis of the indications and contraindications and potential complications in an organized and practical format.
Mental Health Stigma: Impact on Mental Health Treatment Attitudes and Physical Health

The purpose of this study was to test two models of the impact of mental health stigma on both attitudes toward seeking psychological help and physical health. General self-efficacy, self-esteem, and anxiety were tested as potential mediators of these two relationships. A sample of adults (N = 423) aged 18–72 years was surveyed using the participant pool of a large, distance learning university. Structural equation modeling results indicated that mental health stigma directly and indirectly influenced treatment attitudes and physical health. Internal self-variables mediated the relationship between mental health stigma and both study outcomes.
Soy-Based Therapeutic Baby Formulas: Testable Hypotheses Regarding the Pros and Cons.

Soy-based infant formulas have been consumed in the United States since 1909, and currently constitute a significant portion of the infant formula market. There are efforts underway to generate genetically modified soybeans that produce therapeutic agents of interest with the intent to deliver those agents in a soy-based infant formula platform. The three-fold purpose of this review article is to first discuss the pros and cons of soy-based infant formulas, then present testable hypotheses to discern the suitability of a soy platform for drug delivery in babies, and finally start a discussion to inform public policy on this important area of infant nutrition.
Bhutanese Older Adult Refugees Recently Resettled in the United States: A Better Life With Little Sorrows.

Purpose: This study explores the experiences and adjustment process among older Bhutanese refugees resettled in the United States and identifies their unmet health and social service needs. Design:...
The peatland hydrologic impact model: development and testing.

Questions concerning the effects of drainage, peat mining and timber harvesting on streamflow response in the northern Lake States of the U.S.A. led to the development of the P eatland H ydrologic I mpact M odel (PHIM). PHIM is a generalized, deterministic, continuous simulation model, that is physically-based to the extent possible. Three independent landtype submodels represent watershed conditions common in the region. The appropriate land-type submodel(s), either natural peatland (NWATBAL), mined peatland (MWATBAL), or mineral soil upland (UWATBAL) are configured by the model user to represent the watershed. The submodels were applied to test the model on the streamflow response from three different peatland watersheds. Stormflow events were simulated for a 3,758 ha natural peatland and a 155 ha mined peatland. Annual water yield simulations for a 9.72 ha upland-peatland watershed produced a mean ratio of predicted/observed streamflow of 1.01 ± 0.08 for six test years. The model is generalized so that it should be adaptable to similar physiographic regions with minor modifications.
HERITAGE IN THE LIVED ENVIRONMENT OF THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES AND THE GULF REGION

This paper examines how the architectural, social, and cultural heritage of the United Arab Emirates and other Gulf countries may contribute to better development of this region’s lived environment. Modern urbanism has largely neglected heritage in architectural design and in social and private spaces, creating inauthentic places that foster a hunger for belongingness in the UAE’s built environment. The paper reviews recent urban developments in the UAE and the Gulf Region, and identifies elements of local heritage that can be incorporated into contemporary planning and design. It proposes that adapting vernacular architectural heritage to the modern built environment should not be the principal goal for heritage-informed design. Instead we may examine the social processes underlying the traditional lived environment, and aim for social sustainability based on the lifeways and preferences of local peoples, especially in kinship and Islamic values. Among the most promising precedents for modern social sustainability are social and spatial features at the scale of the neighborhood in traditional Islamic settlements. Interviews with local Emiratis will also recommend elements of traditional knowledge to modern settings.
Efficacy of Antifungal Agents to Control Aspergillus niger Contamination in an Artificial Diet for Lygus hesperus Knight (Heteroptera: Miridae)

The ability of four antifungal agents to suppress growth of Aspergillus niger (USDA, ARS Robert T. Gast Rearing Laboratory, Mississippi State, MS isolate) in an artificial diet for Lygus hesperus Knight (Heteroptera: Miridae) was tested by inoculating a standard number of conidial spores into artificial diet with different antifungal agents added and determining the amount of ensuing microbial growth. The effects on biological fitness of L. hesperus also were measured. Measured characteristics of biological fitness included total number of surviving adults, mean biomass (dry weight) accumulated per cage over the total treatment period, egg production, time to adult emergence, and time to the beginning of egg laying. Benzoic acid, high concentrations of formalin, and a high concentration of sorbic acid suppressed the growth of A. niger. Propionic acid and low concentrations of sorbic acid and formalin were less effective at suppressing A. niger growth. Biological fitness was negatively affected in insects ...
Algebraic Reconstruction Techniques

To this point, we have studied how Fourier transform methods are used in image reconstruction. This is the approach taken in the seminal work of Cormack [13] and used in the algorithms of today’s CT scan machines. However, the first CT scanner, designed in the late 1960 s by Godfrey Hounsfield, used an approach grounded in linear algebra and matrix theory to generate an image from the machine readings. Algorithms that adopt this point of view are known as algebraic reconstruction techniques, or ART, for short. In this chapter, we look at a few basic mathematical elements of ART.
Psychosocial Factors and Surgical Outcomes in Adult Spinal Deformity: Do Dementia Patients Have More Complications?

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected, national inpatient hospital database. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate comorbid psychiatric disorders in the adult spinal deformity (ASD) population. We hypothesized that a high incidence of comorbid psychiatric disorders in ASD would negatively impact perioperative outcomes. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Patients with adult spinal fusion (ASF) suffer from severe back pain and often depression. Psychiatric comorbidities in the ASD population are not well understood, despite the apparent psychological effects of spinal deformity-related self-image. METHODS The Nationwide Inpatient Sample databases from 2001 to 2009 were queried for patients ages 18 years or older with in-hospital stays including a spine arthrodesis. Patients were divided into two groups: ASD (diagnosis of scoliosis, excluding neuromuscular and congenital) and all other ASF. Subjects were further stratified by presence of a comorbid psychiatric diagnosis. Differences between each surgical group in psychiatric frequency and complications were calculated using analysis of variance, adjusted for operative complexity. A binary logistic regression analyzed the association between psychiatric diagnoses and likelihood of complications. RESULTS A total of 3,366,352 ASF and 219,975 ASD patients were identified. The rate of comorbid psychiatric diagnoses in ASD was significantly higher (23.5%) compared to ASF patients (19.4%, P < 0.001). Complication rates were higher for ASD compared to ASF; patients without a psychiatric diagnosis had lower (or comparable) complication rates than psychiatric patients, across all disorder categories. Patients with psychotic disorders and dementia showed more complications than controls; patients with mood, anxiety and alcohol disorders showed fewer. CONCLUSION Psychiatric comorbidities are more common in the ASD population than in adult fusion patients. ASD and ASF patients with the most common psychiatric disorders (mood, anxiety, and alcohol abuse) are not at increased risk for complications compared to controls. Those patients with psychotic disorders and dementia are at a significant risk for increased complications and surgeons should be aware of these specific risks. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2.
In Search of the Wanderer and Free Spirits: The Ascetic Absence of Nietzsche in American Sociology:

This article examines the unfortunate absence of Nietzsche from sociological theory as it is practiced and reproduced in American sociology. The first part discusses how Talcott Parsons erased the ...
Understanding the Histone DNA Repair Code: H4K20me2 Makes Its Mark.

Chromatin is a highly compact structure that must be rapidly rearranged in order for DNA repair proteins to access sites of damage and facilitate timely and efficient repair. Chromatin plasticity is achieved through multiple processes, including the posttranslational modification of histone tails. In recent years, the impact of histone posttranslational modification on the DNA damage response has become increasingly well recognized, and chromatin plasticity has been firmly linked to efficient DNA repair. One particularly important histone posttranslational modification process is methylation. Here, we focus on the regulation and function of H4K20 methylation (H4K20me) in the DNA damage response and describe the writers, erasers, and readers of this important chromatin mark as well as the combinatorial histone posttranslational modifications that modulate H4K20me recognition. Finally, we discuss the central role of H4K20me in determining if DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) are repaired by the error-prone, nonhomologous DNA end joining pathway or the error-free, homologous recombination pathway. This review article discusses the regulation and function of H4K20me2 in DNA DSB repair and outlines the components and modifications that modulate this important chromatin mark and its fundamental impact on DSB repair pathway choice. Mol Cancer Res; 16(9); 1335–45. ©2018 AACR .
Vertebrate Models of Learning and Memory

Publisher Summary Identifying critical brain areas that participate in the acquisition, storage, and retrieval of information would be necessary to achieve a more complete understanding of the neural substrates of learning and memory. The analysis of the neural substrates of learning and memory in a nervous system has benefited greatly from the use of well-characterized vertebrate models. Although scientists investigating the neural substrates of vertebrate learning and memory have adopted behavioral paradigms that promote both nonassociative and associative forms of learning, much of the current research employs Pavlovian defensive conditioning procedures. This chapter elucidates that the identification of the essential learning circuit and potential sites of convergence creates the opportunity to examine the cellular mechanisms of plasticity within the sites. Over the past 35 years, the Pavlovian-conditioned nictitating membrane (NM) response in the rabbit has been the focus of intensive behavioral and neurophysiological analysis. This chapter highlights that during acquisition trials, inactivation produced no signs of learning. The compelling evidence implicating the cerebellum as a site of plasticity raises the question of the cellular mechanisms that form the substrate for the plasticity.
Spinoza and the Ontological Proof

I should like in this paper to characterize the “ontological proof” for the existence of God. In so doing I will discuss Wolfson’s1 analysis of the proof and argue that his characterization is not, as has been claimed, wholly mistaken, but is insufficient. I will also argue that the more adequate characterization here proposed gives us a good account of Anselm’s and Descartes’s proofs but that on that account, there is no “ontological proof” in Spinoza or at least not in the text where it has usually been thought to be located. In conclusion, I will touch upon the confusion of metaphysical notions and epistemological notions such as that between conceivability and possibility, which has conflated quite different sorts of arguments under the heading “ontological proof.” It is clear from these preliminary remarks that the term “proof” is being used in the wide sense of argument and not in the narrow sense of valid or successful argument. Nor will I be concerned with the validity of those arguments which qualify as ontological.
Some Challenges in Millimeter Wave Antenna Designs for 5G

Even though the launch of 5G systems is just around the corner, there are a plethora of challenges and outstanding issues that are yet to be resolved. The purpose of this paper is to examine some these challenges from the point of view of antenna design for 5G. These include: low-cost and low-loss phase shifters for scanning array antennas; low-profile high gain aperture; wideband circularly polarized antenna elements for arrays; wide-angle beam scan.
Non-operative Management of Penetrating Abdominal Injuries: An Update on Patient Selection

To review the current literature, discuss the different mechanisms of penetrating trauma, and to understand the value of diagnostic modalities when deciding which patients may be safely observed non-operatively. Recent findings have shown the success of selective non-operative management in all forms of penetrating trauma, with emphasis on understanding the mechanism, the importance of the abdominal exam, and a well-organized infrastructure conducive to accurate monitoring and serial abdominal exams. Non-operative management for penetrating abdominal wounds has established itself as a viable option in the stable patient. Despite increasing evidence of the safety and overall benefit, there are still controversies and difficulties when deciding which patient is suitable for non-operative management. As experience with non-operative management continues to grow, it is vital that an institution develops its own protocols based on the current evidence, their patient population, and resources available.
Short Report: Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale: An Adaptation and Exploration in a Diverse Community Sample.

We adapted the widely used measure of relationship closeness, the Inclusion of Other in Self Scale (IOS), to assess communal coping (IOS-CC). Communal coping is a construct that reflects a shared a...
Scheduling: Optimal Block Schedule, Improving Utilization

Ambulatory surgery centers are distinct from their mixed-use counterparts because the clinical workflow is usually stable and predictable. Ambulatory surgery centers should have a competitive advantage when they are efficiently and effectively managed. Design thinking is an iterative process by which improvement is made to a dynamic system. The optimization of an ambulatory surgery center requires an approach that examines not just each component or constraint, but also considers the local environment, process, stakeholders and barriers as a dynamic system each with stressors and opportunities for improvement. Efficiency and optimization can be reached in each component using traditional metrics; however, if one does not consider the system as a whole, true optimization cannot be achieved.
Acute Complications in Total Wrist Arthroplasty: A National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Review.

Background The study sought to assess the patient-based variables, surgical risk factors, and postoperative conditions associated with readmission after total wrist arthroplasty (TWA). Materials and Methods All patients undergoing TWA were identified from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program dataset from 2005 to 2016. Patient demographics, medical comorbidities, surgical characteristics, and outcomes were examined to isolate predictors for readmission within 30 days postoperatively. Results A total of 57 patients were identified to have undergone TWA. The average patients were 62.3 (13.8) years old, female (57.7%), and most were treated in the outpatient setting (67.3%). Comorbid conditions included smoking (17.3%), diabetes (15.4%), and chronic steroid therapy (15.4%). No complications were identified in the 30-day postoperative period. There was a trend for increasing utilization of TWA over the years included. Conclusion TWA is a safe procedure with low complication rates in the acute postoperative period. Increasing utilization is likely a result of improved outcomes and cost-effectiveness of TWA. Level of Evidence This is a Level II, prognostic study.
20P Qrt-Pcr Based Determination of Her2 Status of Invasive Breast Carcinomas Equivocal by Both Immunohistochemistry (Ihc) and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (Fish) Testing

ABSTRACT Background Determination of HER2 status of invasive breast carcinoma is typically performed by either immunohistochemistry (IHC) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Equivocal results by either method are resolved by reflex testing using an alternative approved testing method; most commonly, IHC equivocal results are resolved by reflex FISH testing. Cases showing equivocal results by both IHC and FISH {double equivocal cases (DEC)} present a management challenge. Approach and methods Of 2145 breast cancers tested by primary FISH testing, 103 (4.8%) were equivocal (HER2/CEP17 ratio 1.8 - 2.2). Reflex IHC resolved all but 35 cases (1.6% DEC). HER2 expression in macrodissected tumor tissue was assessed for these cases by qRT-PCR. Trastuzumab therapy was tracked for all patients in the DEC population. Results qRT-PCR of macrodissected breast cancer tissue definitely correlated with known HER2 amplified/over-expression status in a validation set of 111 cases, and successfully stratified the DEC cases. Of the 7 patients identified as positive for HER2 over-expression by qRT-PCR, 1 case (14.3%) received Trastuzumab in addition to standard therapy. In the 19 cases identified as not over-expressed for HER2 by qRT-PCR, 6 cases (31.6%) received Trastuzumab. In this double equivocal cohort, 6 patients developed metastasis (2 that received Trastuzumab and 4 that did not receive Trastuzumab). The follow up time post Trastuzumab therapy ranged from 1 to 36 months with an average of 15.7 months. 7/26 DEC cases were classified as HER2 over-expressed by qRT-PCR and would have been eligible for Trastuzumab therapy. In actual practice, without a definitive test for HER2 determination, only 1 patient received Trastuzumab therapy. Therefore 6 of 7 patients did not receive potentially beneficial therapy. Conclusions qRT-PCR represents a quantitative alternative approach to resolution of breast cancers demonstrating equivocal results by both IHC and FISH. Limited follow up and small number of patients receiving Trastuzumab, we could not directly assess clinical utility. This will be an important question to be addressed in future studies. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
O31 Evaluating Success of Paraprofessional Educators in a Pilot Adolescent Classroom Intervention: Rev It Up!

Objective To evaluate Rev It Up!, a pilot nutrition education curriculum for teens, when it is taught by either paraprofessional or professional educators. Use of Theory or Research Research shows teens consume low levels of fruits, vegetables, and whole grain foods; and excessive levels of sugar-sweetened beverages and fast foods. Further, they do not meet physical activity (PA) recommendations. Rev It Up!, which was informed by the Theory of Planned Behavior, addresses these issues with teens, an audience at the inception of controlling their own food choices. Target Audience Urban teens (N=118) in high school health classes participating in the NJ Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP). Eighty-five were taught by professional staff (2018-2019 school year); the other 33 were taught by paraprofessionals (2019-2020 school year). Program Description Rev It Up! is a 10-lesson curriculum that employs gamification to provide nutrition and PA education. Evaluation Methods The curriculum was assessed using the EFNEP 9-12th Grade Nutrition Education Survey, pre- and post-education. Results Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests revealed that, pre- to post-intervention, students taught by professionals reported improvements in fruit consumption (P Conclusion Rev It Up! shows promise in being a curriculum that paraprofessionals can utilize to improve teen's nutrition behaviors. One limitation is that class periods were often too short to teach PA, which may account for the lack of reported improvements in PA behaviors. Future curriculum revisions should ensure that both nutrition and PA activities can be adequately addressed during allotted class periods. Funding Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program.
Numerical investigation of rod bundle thermal–hydraulic behavior during reflood transients using COBRA-TF

Abstract Accurate prediction of the reflood transients during LOCA has long been a challenging task. One reason for this is the substantial cost incurred to perform large-scale reflood tests, which are formidable in experimental expenditure and intensive in technology as well as program management. Another reason preventing a comprehensive understanding of reflood transients is the high-level complexity involved in the two-phase flow mass and heat transfer processes, which makes the measurement extremely difficult and inefficient. The situation has been significantly improved with the design and operation of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)/Pennsylvania State University (PSU) Rod Bundle Heat Transfer (RBHT) test facility. A variety of advanced instrumentations were developed and used at this facility and very high-resolution data has been obtained, especially for the liquid droplet field. In the current study taking advantage of the unique NRC/PSU RBHT data, an extensive and comprehensive code evaluation and validation is carried out using the thermal–hydraulic sub-channel analysis code COBRA-TF. The system parametric effects investigated include: the system pressure, inlet liquid subcooling temperature, inlet flooding rate and rod bundle power. A variety of thermal–hydraulic quantities predicted by the numerical code are evaluated including: the quench front propagation, cladding, spacer grid and vapor temperature variations, two-phase pressure drop, liquid droplet velocity and coolant void fraction. In addition, the prediction errors are presented for each of the quantities in great detail in order to have a comprehensive understanding of the code performance. In general, COBRA-TF agrees relatively well with the experimental data in terms of the overall quench front propagation, only predicting slightly earlier quench. However, under low inlet subcooling and high flooding rate conditions, significant discrepancies are observed. The comparison with rod bundle thermal–hydraulic parameters indicates that COBRA-TF is able to predict the cladding temperature before quench well within a 15% range. The spacer grid and vapor temperature predictions are within 20% error. While the overall droplet velocity prediction is found to be within 30% error, COBRA-TF is able to capture the decreasing trend for droplet velocity during reflood. In addition, the prediction of the dispersed flow film boiling void fraction shows that the code always under-predicts the void fraction. While the most prediction discrepancy is found to be the two-phase flow pressure drop after quench, which involves more than 50% under-prediction for the bulk liquid boiling regime. The present study clarifies the effect of different system parameters on the various two-phase flow quantities during reflood. The results obtained provide answers for many existing code modeling issues and thus can be instructive and useful for future model development and code upgrading.
A Rare Case of Locally Advanced Primary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Adrenal Gland.

Background/aim Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) of the adrenal gland is extremely rare with limited reports in the literature. There remain no definitive treatment guidelines, largely due to the rarity of the malignancy. Case report We present the case of a 62-year-old Caucasian male who presented with low back pain and was found to have a large retroperitoneal mass arising from the left adrenal gland, measuring 18.3 × 12.2 centimeters (cm). Biopsy was consistent with small cell carcinoma/high grade neuroendocrine carcinoma. Staging workup including CT chest and bone scan was negative. The patient was treated with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery; complete pathological response of the left adrenal tumor was achieved. Surveillance imaging every three months continued to show no evidence of recurrent disease. Conclusion Primary SCNEC of the adrenal gland is rare and lacks standard treatment guidelines. Our case represents a possible treatment approach that may provide better clinical outcomes, however, further investigations are necessary to help define ideal treatment guidelines.
Derivation of particle-size changes from polydisperse size distribution measurements: numerical and experimental verification

Measurements of particle-size transformations due to changes in temperature, relative humidity, and other environmental factors are essential for understanding aerosol properties, such as its hygroscopicity and volatility. The commonly used measurement techniques, such as tandem differential mobility analyzer (TDMA) and single-particle levitation techniques, allow measurements of only one initial size at a time, which makes their applications to highly dynamic aerosol systems problematic. In this paper, we evaluate the Heisler method developed in the second half of 1970s that uses measurements of size distributions of a polydisperse aerosol before and after it undergoes a growth or evaporation. The Heisler method is based on preservation of particle number concentration and allows simultaneous determination of particle-size changes across the whole measured size distribution. In this paper, we evaluated the Heisler method using numerical techniques and compared it with TDMA measurements during experiments with adipic acid aerosol. We show that the Heisler method is sensitive to counting statistics and that significant errors (over 50%) can occur if there are particles that can grow or evaporate in or out of the measured size range. Otherwise, the Heisler method gives results within 5% of those obtained with TDMA measurements, providing a faster alternative to the TDMA technique.
Persuasive Language: Evidence from Airbnb

We test consumers' response to the language (e.g., classes of words, punctuation and icons) using quasi-random modifications to Airbnb product descriptions generated by property owners over time. We focus on whether language that is informative or non-informative about properties impacts the hazard that Airbnb reservations are acquired. Consistent with consumers engaged in rational search, we find evidence that consumers respond positively to factual information about the properties, a result that holds across regions and property types. We also find that non-informative language can influence consumers as much as informative, but responses to non-informative content are more context dependent. For example, consumers of properties in the U.S. respond positively to hyperbolic language (e.g, “perfection,” “enormous,” “paradise”), while consumers of properties in the U.K., Ireland and Australia do not. Additionally, these latter consumers respond quite negatively to text icons while consumers of U.S. properties do not. Both groups of consumers exhibit a similar aversion to the use of words in all capital letters. These results suggest that product information is universally valued by searching consumers, but non-informative language may influence consumers differently depending on local norms and context.