cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tumor-bowel fistula: what radiologists should know

Tumor-bowel fistula is an under reported complication of abdomino-pelvic malignancies which may occur spontaneously due to tumor growth or can be associated with cancer treatment. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are commonly responsible for tumor-bowel fistulas. Molecular targeted therapies are a new class of drugs that can cause tumor fistulization due to their antiangiogenic properties. Clinically, the fistula can be asymptomatic or can result in devastating complications. Imaging helps in the prompt detection of these fistulas and the complications associated with them. Management of tumor-bowel fistula is individualized but often involves discontinuation of the associated treatment. Radiologists should promptly alert the oncology team about the presence of tumor-bowel fistula and any risk factors for its occurrence like pneumatosis or large metastatic deposits close to bowel loops.
Autism online: a comparison of word usage in bloggers with and without autism spectrum disorders

The Internet has become a place of refuge for individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In particular, weblogs are a popular option for personal expression via the Internet. Perhaps this means of communication is well suited to bypassing deficits in social interaction and communication that characterize ASD. Using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) dictionaries [10], we compared blogs of individuals with ASD to the writing of neurotypical (NT) bloggers. We found that rates of word usage were nearly identical in the two groups with one exception - there was more variation in the use of social words in ASD compared to NT blogs. This similarity in language between ASD and NT authors suggests that communication deficits routinely found in people with ASD may be due to the social context in which their communication skills are tested, and that the affordances of asynchronous computer-mediated communication may offer alternative means of testing and expression.
Simultaneous analysis of purines, pyrimidines, and amino acids.

Abstract The simultaneous separation of 49 purine or pyrimidine derivatives and 19 amino acids on a single cation-exchange column in six hours is examined. The effluent components are detected in a flowthrough cell, using ultraviolet absorption for the bases and ninhydrin for the amino acids.
Choleragen stimulates steroidogenesis and adenylate cyclase in cells lacking functional hormone receptors.

Abstract Choleragen stimulates steroid secretion and adenylate cyclase in three cell lines, adrenal tumor line (Y-1), a corticotropin-resistant mutant derived from Y-1 called OS-3, and a receptor-deficient Leydig tumor line (I-10). Sensitivity for half-maximal stimulation varies from 3 to 36 pM choleragen, the I-10 line being the most sensitive. Latency before the onset of steroidogenesis is longer in OS-3 and I-10 cells than in the Y-1 line. In both OS-3 and I-10 cells choleragen stimulates adenylate cyclase whether ITP or 5′-guanylylimidodiphosphate is the regulatory cofactor used. In addition to the responses of the receptor-deficient lines, choleragen does not during its latency, block the response to corticotropin in Y-1 cells; corticotropin does not block binding of 125I-labeled choleragen to Y-1 cells; gangliosides do not interfere with the corticotropin-induced stimulation of Y-1 cells. We conclude that the corticotropin and choleragen receptors are different.
Health Care Administration Education: Providing Appropriate Statistical Training

Most programs in health care administration have a statistics course required of all students. The purpose of this article is to examine what statistical tools should be included in this course, al...
Teaching Practices in Kindergarten and First Grade: Different Strokes for Different Folks.

Abstract This study assessed the nature of instruction in 314 kindergarten and first-grade classrooms from 155 schools in 48 school districts in three states. The schools served a relatively high proportion of low-income children and children of color. Despite the restricted range in student populations served, qualities of the schools and observed classroom instruction were associated with the demographics of the student body. Schools serving relatively high proportions of low-income children and children of color were rated by teachers to have more negative social climates. Teachers in these schools emphasized basic skills more and engaged in more didactic teaching and less constructivist teaching practices. At the classroom level, teaching approaches were predicted by teachers’ goals, the ethnic composition of their classroom, and the degree to which teachers perceived the families of the children in their classroom to have challenges associated with poverty. Didactic teaching was particularly common in classrooms with a high proportion of African–American students and in which teachers believed poverty-related problems inhibited parent involvement in their children's education; constructivist teaching was high in classrooms with a high proportion of Caucasian children.
Heat transfer analysis of buoyancy-assisted mixed convection with asymmetric heating conditions

Abstract Experimental measurements and analysis of buoyancy-assisted mixed convection in a vertical square channel with asymmetric heating conditions are presented. Two opposite sides of the test section are heated in four designed heating models and the other two sides of the square channel are insulated. The Reynolds number is varied from 200 to 11 200 and the buoyancy parameter, Gr Re 2 , is varied from 0.02 to 200. The local heat transfer coefficient increases with increasing buoyancy parameter. Specifically, the Nusselt number ratio, Nu Nu 0 , is observed to be enhanced significantly with the increased turbulent mixing caused by more irregular heating conditions.
Advances in gene therapy and immunotherapy for brain tumors.

Purpose of review Treatments for malignant glioma, the most lethal and common primary brain tumor, are undergoing a dramatic evolution led by biological and technological advancements. This review focuses on developments in novel areas of gene therapy and immunotherapy, particularly vaccine development. Recent findings Advances in basic research of antigen-presenting cells and applications of cytokines and immunogenic antigens have contributed to recent vaccine development for the treatment of intracranial malignant glioma. We have reviewed various vaccine designs, such as utilization of tumor antigen-loaded dendritic cells. Many immunotherapeutic manipulations require the use of recombinant genetic technologies. Here we present the findings on improved techniques for suicide gene therapy and various oncolytic viral therapies. Some of these constructs have induced an immune response at tumor sites in animal models of glioma. Summary The intense investigation of therapies for glioma has made significant advances in designing diverse therapies with great potential. However, vaccine development has been hampered by the lack of universal tumor-specific antigens and a limited understanding of the mechanisms of tumor-induced immunosuppression. The success of gene therapy is limited by ineffective delivery systems and possible risk of infecting normal cells. As a result of the genetic heterogeneity of glioma cells and their invasive nature, future treatment approaches are likely to combine different agents in synergistic strategies that will hopefully be successful in stopping the growth and recurrence of glioma.
A serological comparison of Phialophora verrucosa, Fonsecaea pedrosoi and Cladosporium carrionii using immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis

The antigenic relationships among Phialophora verrucosa, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, and Cladosporium carrionii were studied by comparing water soluble antigens extracted from mycelia and extra-cellular antigens from culture filtrates. Immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis tests detected common antigens among all 3 species, as well as antigens which appeared to be either genus or species-specific. Each test revealed more common antigens between P. verrucosa and C. carrionii than between either species and F. pedrosoi, indicating that P. verrucosa and C. carrionii are more closely related to one another than they are to F. pedrosoi. These findings provide justification for the retention of F. pedrosoi in the genus Fonsecaea.
Particle production at high energy. I. Geometrical orientated simulation of hadron-hadron collisions below 250 GeV/ c

Using an eikonal formulation a phenomenological representation is constructed which simulates multiparticle production processes initiated by hadron-hadron collisions from threshold to 250 GeV/c laboratory momentum. Essential features examined include the multiplicity distribution, rapidity distribution, and transverse momentum distribution with a bias in rapidity. A specific technique is developed to ensure that conservation of energy momentum and conservation of charge is maintained for individual events. This event generator can be used directly as part of a kernel of a more complicated event generator describing heavy-ion collisions based on geometrically orientated hadronic cascading processes. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Retroperitoneal fibrosis mimicking recurrent leukemia in a 7-year-old boy.

Retroperitoneal fibrosis is an extremely uncommon diagnosis in children. We report on a child with histologically confirmed retroperitoneal fibrosis that clinically mimicked recurrent leukemia. CASE REPORT A 7-year-old boy presented with acute lymphocytic leukemia in clinical remission 5 months aRer induction chemotherapy with methotrexate, vincristine and prednisone. Additional maintenance chemotherapy included doxorubicin and L-asparaginase. He did not receive radiation therapy. Persistent left flank pain and microhematuria prompted renal ultrasound that demonstrated left hydronephrosis. Physical examination revealed costovertebral angle tenderness without rebound. Excretory urography demonstrated delayed function with columnization of contrast material to the level of the common
The reproductive labour of migrant workers

In this article, I revisit my formulation of the ‘international division of reproductive labour’, also known as the ‘care chain’, and address its impacts on the study of migrant care workers. I also address future directions in the study of migrant care workers, calling attention to the contributions made in this special issue, specifically the need to focus on elderly care, different organizational arrangements of care, and the geopolitics of care.
Cysteine Proteases of Trichomonas vaginalis Degrade Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor

Sexually transmitted diseases, including trichomoniasis, are risk factors for acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Enhancement mechanisms are unknown. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) from saliva appears to prevent transmission of HIV through inhibition of virus entry into monocytic cells in vitro. This study was undertaken to determine if secreted cysteine proteases of Trichomonas vaginalis degrade SLPI and render it nonfunctional. It was determined if SLPI levels were decreased in vaginal fluids from pregnant women infected with T. vaginalis. Isolated proteases were incubated with recombinant human SLPI, and the degradation was followed by Western analysis with SLPI antiserum. SLPI levels were measured by ELISA in vaginal fluids from women infected with T. vaginalis and uninfected controls. Cysteine proteases cleaved SLPI and rendered it nonfunctional. Median levels of SLPI from infected patients were 26% of those of controls (P <.005). The degradation of SLPI in association with trichomonal infection may increase the risk of HIV acquisition.
Autosomal dominant mesomandibular fibro-osseous dysplasia: a self-resolving inherited fibro-osseous lesion of the jaws

A hereditary congenital condition characterized by a fibro-osseous lesion sharing some features with fibrous dysplasia and affecting the middle aspect of the mandible is presented. The condition was initially described as congenital monostotic fibrous dysplasia in two siblings, a male and a female. However, there is sufficient evidence that the disorder is autosomal dominant since it has been encountered in two of four children, both males, of the female propositus and one child, a boy, of the male propositus. All patients presented at birth or right after birth with enlargement of the middle part of the mandible. Radiographs from affected individuals have shown mesomandibular enlargement with irregular trabeculation akin of “ground-glass” appearance. Histologically, samples from all patients revealed woven bone proliferation in a cellular fibroblastic stroma. Interestingly, the originally described siblings, now in their 30s, have no evidence of jaw lesions either radiographically or clinically, thus indicating that the condition is self-limiting or self-resolving. An autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with apparent male predilection is favored. The molecular basis of this condition is currently unknown. However, the location of the lesions in the middle aspect of the mandible suggests dysregulation of Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling since BMPs regulate mandibular morphogenesis in utero, particularly in the medial region as well as postnatal bone remodeling. Immunohistochemical evaluation for a BMP-binding protein Twisted Gastrulation (TWSG1) revealed mosaic pattern of staining, with some cells, including osteoclasts, strongly stained and others exhibiting faint or no staining, thus supporting active regulation of BMP signaling within the lesion. Future investigations will determine if dysregulation of BMP signaling plays a causative role or rather reflects secondary activation of repair mechanisms and/or bone remodeling.
Multicultural Policy and Political Support in European Democracies

In response to growing demographic diversity, European countries have selectively implemented political multiculturalism, a set of policies that seek to redefine prevailing conceptions of national ...
Effects of strychnine, bicuculline and picrotoxin on labyrinthine-evoked inhibition in neck motoneurons of the cat.

The disynaptic inhibitory pathway from labyrinth to neck motoneurons was investigated pharmacologically in pentobarbitone or chloraloseurethane anesthetized cats. Stimulation of the labyrinth produced disynaptic IPSPs in 85% of third cervical dorsal ramus (DR) motoneurons. Following intravenous strychnine (0.15–0.3 mg/kg), disynaptic IPSPs were recorded from only 15% of DR cells, even though the cells were routinely depolarized by intracellular current injection. After higher doses of strychnine (0.45–0.6 mg/kg) no IPSPs were observed. Disynaptic EPSPs, produced by stimulation of the labyrinth, were recorded from DR cells both before and after strychnine. Intravenous bicuculline (0.2–0.4 mg/kg) and picrotoxin (1–6 mg/kg) had no significant effect on disynaptic IPSPs. The results suggest that glycine, rather than GABA, is the spinal inhibitory transmitter in this descending pathway.
Partitions of finite vector spaces over GF(2) into subspaces of dimensions 2 and s

Abstract A vector space partition of a finite vector space V over the field of q elements is a collection of subspaces whose union is all of V and whose pairwise intersections are trivial. While a number of necessary conditions have been proved for certain types of vector space partitions to exist, the problem of the existence of partitions meeting these conditions is still open. In this note, we consider vector space partitions of a finite vector space over the field GF ( 2 ) into subspaces of dimensions 2 and s. While certain cases have been done previously ( s = 1 , s = 3 , and s even), in our main theorem we build upon these general results to give a constructive proof for the existence of vector space partitions over GF ( 2 ) into subspaces of dimensions s and 2 of almost all types. In doing so, we introduce techniques that identify subsets of our vector space which can be viewed as the union of subspaces having trivial pairwise intersection in more than one way. These subsets are used to transform a given partition into another partition of a different type. This technique will also be useful in constructing further partitions of finite vector spaces.
U.S. Climate Reference Network Soil Moisture Observations with Triple Redundancy: Measurement Variability

Between 2009 and 2011, the U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) was augmented with soil moisture/soil temperature probes and atmospheric relative humidity instruments as part of a programmatic expansion in support of the National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS). The 114 sites in this sparse network are well distributed across the conterminous United States in open, rural locations expected to remain unchanged in land use for many decades into the future. Soil probes are installed in triplicate redundancy, similar to the air temperature and precipitation measurements, at either five standard World Meteorological Organization (WMO) depths (5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 cm) or only two depths (5 and 10 cm) depending on the nature of the underlying materials. Stations also measure air temperature, surface skin temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, and 1.5-m wind speed. In addition to sensor failure, the triplicate design of USCRN soil probes have allowed for an initial characterization of variability of soil moisture measurements. Nationwide analysis of soil moisture during early-to-mid growing season in 2011 and 2012 was performed to examine the differences in response to the widespread drought of 2012. The redundancy of the network helps retain the continuity of the record over time, and also provides key insights into the variations of measurements at a single location that are related to a combination of installation effects and the impacts of soil differences at the local level. This article highlights the usefulness of deploying triplicate configurations of soil probes for detecting faulty sensors and for better understanding the nature of soil moisture measurement variability.
Laparoscopic-assisted PSARP - the advantages of combining both techniques for the treatment of anorectal malformations with recto-bladderneck or high prostatic fistulas.

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to present an alternative way to use both the posterior sagittal approach combined with laparoscopy for the repair of select cases of anorectal malformation (ARM). Methods The laparoscopic approach was used for rectal dissection, ligation of the fistula, and division of vessels to pull the rectum down in cases of ARM with recto-bladderneck or high prostatic fistula. The posterior sagittal incision we believe made the perineal portion safer, allowing for rectal tapering when necessary, and for accurate placement of the rectum, anchored in the center of the sphincter. Results There were 15 children (recto-bladderneck fistula, n=13 and recto-prostatic fistula, n=2) in this series. There were no urethral injuries, posterior urethral diverticula, or rectal strictures. A laparotomy was needed in two children in order to mobilize a very high rectum. Follow-up ranged from 3months to 10years. Clinical results were consistent with our published series for male patients with these types of defects: 5 are fecally incontinent (3 are clean with a bowel management program), 1 is fecally continent, and 9 are too young to assess. Four children suffered rectal mucosal prolapse. Conclusion The combination of laparoscopy and PSARP represents a useful technical alternative that allows for a safe reconstruction in cases of ARM with recto-bladderneck and in selected high prostatic fistulas.
Summertime Precipitation Regimes Associated with the Sea Breeze and Land Breeze in Southern Mississippi and Eastern Louisiana

Abstract This study assesses the monthly climatology of the timing and placement of convective precipitation events induced by sea and land breezes in the Louisiana–Mississippi–Alabama region, and determines possible reasons for the monthly differences. These objectives were achieved through surface wind climatologies and radar composites from 2003 to 2005, supplemented by statistically significant tests. It is shown that June had an easterly–southeasterly wind regime, whereas July and August featured more southerly flow. These wind regimes may have influenced monthly diurnal wind patterns along the coast. While all months showed a typical pattern of sea-breeze evolution, the land breeze demonstrated monthly variations off the Mississippi and Louisiana coasts. July and August feature a westerly land breeze from Louisiana, while the Mississippi land breeze was stronger in August than in July. A daily wind speed minimum offshore from Mississippi indicates a local transition of influence from the land breeze...
Effect of High Fat and High Carbohydrate Diets on Adipose Tissue Pyruvate Dehydrogenase and Its Activation by a Plasma Membrane-Enriched Fraction and Insulin*

Rats were fed a high lard diet or a high glucose diet for 5–7 days. Basal and insulin-stimulated epididymal fat pad pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activities were decreased in fat diet-adapted rats compared to those fed the glucose diet. When adipocyte plasma membranes and mitochondria were incubated together with and without insulin, it was found that the insulin stimulation of PDH activity was lower in preparations from fat-fed rats on both an absolute and percentage basis. Supernatant fractions from insulin-stimulated glucose-fed rat plasma membranes activated mitochondrial PDH to a greater extent than those from lard-fed rat preparations. There was no difference in the response of mitochondria from the two groups when they were stimulated by insulin-treated plasma membranes from stock diet-fed rat adipose tissue. These experiments suggest that fat feeding results in adaptive changes in adipocyte plasma membranes which are involved in the generation of the insulin-stimulated chemical activator of PHD. Th...
A Comparison of the Effects of Toys versus Live Animals on the Communication of Patients with Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of toy versus live cat stimuli on the verbal communication of elderly nursing home residents with dementia. The subjects' verbal communication was analyzed for total number of words, meaningful information units, and initiations. The measurements were recorded in three conditions: without stimuli, in the presence of two toy cats, and in the presence of two live cats. Six female nursing home residents with moderate dementia were randomly assigned into two groups to counterbalance the order of the conditions. The results indicated that live cats had the greatest influence on average subject performance across all three measurements.
Influence of Thyroid Status of the Chick on Growth and Metabolism, with Observations on Several Parameters of Thyroid Function

Abstract LITTLE precise information is available on the role of the thyroid hormones in the chicken and most reports indicate a need for further research in view of some important differences between avian and mammalian thyroid physiology. In the present investigation, the effects of thyroxine on growth rate, feather and comb growth and that of thyroxine and triiodothyronine on metabolic rate of the chicken were determined. In addition, the results of the effects of dietary iodine content on body weight, thyroid weight, thyroidal iodine content and various parameters of the thyroid secretion rate of the chicken are presented MATERIALS AND METHODS Day-old White Leghorn cockerels obtained from a single hatchery, were placed in brooders adjusted to 35°C. and kept on a 14 hour per day lighting period. The birds were fed ad libitum with the following three rations: (1) Michigan State University 63-S chick starter crumbles. This is a complete chick . . .
Ultrastructure of selected Silurian trilete spores and the putative Ordovician trilete spore Virgatasporites

Abstract Seven trilete spores from lower Wenlock to lower Ludlow sediments, all assignable to the form genus Ambitisporites, display a range of ultrastructural features. Various combinations of distal vs. proximal wall thickness, prominence of crassitude and structure/presence of trilete mark and suture distinguish the various types. Comparisons with coeval in situ spores support affinities for some of the specimens, but not others. A review of modern plant spores suggests possible production by lycophytes and hornworts, but these associations are speculative. The controversial Ordovician spore Virgatasporites possesses a robust wall and equatorial crassitude, but its relationship to the embryophyte lineage remains equivocal.
Achieving Physical Layer Security / Privacy with Self-Wrapped OCDM Transmission

We present a novel transmission system using self-wrapped WHTS OCDM signals to achieve enhanced transmission security. Distributed key is encoded and time-spread to hide under noise in the network. BER of 10-4 is demonstrated experimentally.
Communicating via fireflies: geographic routing on duty-cycled sensors

Geographic routing is a useful and scalable point-to-point communication primitive for wireless sensor networks. However, previous work on geographic routing makes the unrealistic assumption that all the nodes in the network are awake during routing. This overlooks the common deployment scenario where sensor nodes are duty-cycled to save energy. In this paper we investigate several important aspects of geographic routing over duty-cycled nodes. First, we extend existing geographic routing algorithms to handle the highly dynamic networks resulting from duty-cycling. Second, we provide the first formal analysis of the performance of geographic routing on duty-cycled nodes. Third, we use this analysis to develop an efficient decentralized sleep scheduling algorithm for reducing the number of awake nodes while maintaining both network coverage and a (tunable) target routing latency. Finally, we evaluate via simulation the performance of our approach versus running existing geographic routing algorithms on sensors duty-cycled according to previous sleep scheduling algorithms. Our results show, perhaps surprisingly, that a network of duty-cycled nodes can have slightly better routing performance than a static network that uses comparable energy. Our results further show that, compared to previous algorithms, our sleep scheduling algorithm significantly improves routing latency and network lifetime.
AUGMENTING THE AUGMENTED BLADDER: TREATMENT OF THE CONTRACTILE BOWEL SEGMENT

AbstractPurpose: Bowel used for bladder reconstruction regardless of detubularization occasionally retains its contractile properties. Of 323 patients who underwent primary enterocystoplasty we identified 19 who continue to have high pressure bladder contractions and required augmentation of the previously augmented bladder.Materials and Methods: Reason for repeat augmentation, upper tract changes, original and secondary bowel segments used, and urodynamic findings were evaluated in all patients. Current status and followup also were noted.Results: After initial augmentation 8 patients had persistent incontinence, 5 bladder perforation, 3 isolated upper tract changes, 2 incontinence and bladder perforation, and 1 incontinence plus intractable pain. Preoperative urodynamics revealed detrusor pressures from 30 to 100 cm. water. All patients had adequate bladder outlet resistance. The original bowel segments used were sigmoid in 12 cases, stomach in 4, ileum in 2 and cecum in 1. Bowel segments for reaugmenta...
Unifying synchronous/asynchronous state machine synthesis

We present a design style and synthesis algorithm that encompasses both asynchronous and synchronous state machines. Our proposed design style not only supports generalized "burst-mode" multiple-input change asynchronous designs, but also allows the automatic synthesis of any synchronous Moore machine using only basic gates (and not state-holding elements). Moreover, the synthesis method covers many circuit styles in the range between burst-mode and fully synchronous. We can easily specify and synthesize sequential circuits which change state on both rising and falling clock edges, have multiple-phase clocks, etc., and mixed synchronous/asynchronous designs, subject only to setup and hold-time constraints. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the design style and the synthesis tool, we present a modified version of a previously published large practical controller design - the SCSI data transfer controller redesigned to improve performance and to eliminate preprocessing circuit for converting "level-sensitive" signals to "edge-sensitive" signals, often a cumbersome manual design process, by interfacing directly with "level-sensitive" signals.
The Relationships Between Fatigue, Quality of Life, and Family Impact Among Children With Special Health Care Needs

Objective To examine the relationships among pediatric fatigue, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and family impact among children with special health care needs (CSHCNs), specifically whether HRQOL mediates the influence of fatigue on family impact. Methods 266 caregivers of CSHCNs were studied. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Multidimensional Fatigue Scale, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Generic Scale, and Impact on Family Scale were used to measure fatigue, HRQOL, and family impact, respectively. Linear regressions were used to analyze the designated relationships; path analyses were performed to quantify the mediating effects of HRQOL on fatigue–family impact relationship. Results Although greater fatigue was associated with family impact (p .05), whereas physical and emotional functioning significantly mediated the fatigue–family impact relationship (p < .001). Conclusion Fatigue is related to family impact among CSHCNs, acting through the impairment in HRQOL.
Solution Casting and Transfer Printing Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films

This paper presents methods for solution casting and transfer printing collections of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) onto a wide range of substrates, including plastic sheets. The deposition involves introduction of a solvent that removes surfactant from a suspension of SWNTs as it is applied to a substrate. The subsequent controlled flocculation (cF) produces films of SWNTs with densities that can be varied between a few tubes per square micron to thick multilayers in a single deposition step and with orientation determined by the direction of solution flow. High-resolution rubber stamps inked in this manner can be used to print patterns of tubes with geometries defined by the relief structure on the surface of the stamp. Thin film transistors fabricated with these techniques demonstrate their potential use in flexible “macroelectronic” systems.
Modernity: Are Modern Times Different?❧

“Modernity” has recently been the subject of considerable discussion among historians. This article reviews some of the debates and argues that modernity is a problematic concept because it implies...
Hugging, Holding, Huddling and Cuddling (3HC)

Abstract The purpose of this homework activity is to introduce the importance of extensive touching, hugging, holding, huddling, and cuddling (3HC) in intimate (committed, close, and prolonged) relationships. It seems that 3HC are so important in showing and sharing affection that they should receive more attention than they have received heretofore from the couple and family therapy community.
Serum prostate specific antigen levels in non-specific granulomatous prostatitis.

Objective To evaluate serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in patients with granulomatous prostatitis, an inflammatory condition that can clinically mimic malignancy. Patients and methods The study comprised 10 consecutive patients (age range 53–80 years) with histologically-documented granulomatous prostatitis and who had serum PSA levels recorded before and after diagnosis. Results PSA levels in six of the patients were normal ( 40%) in PSA level within 6–12 months after the histological documentation of granulomatous prostatitis. At the final follow-up, all 10 patients had normal PSA levels. Conclusion Granulomatous prostatitis may cause a relatively mild and transient increase in serum PSA level which resolves when the inflammation subsides.
Defining the True Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Neonatal Encephalopathy and Cerebral Palsy

Defining the True Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Neonatal Encephalopathy and Cerebral Palsy
Inhibition of Adenylyl Cyclase by a Family of Newly Synthesized Adenine Nucleoside 3′-Polyphosphates

Abstract The synthesis of a number of adenine nucleoside 3′-polyphosphates has been devised via a phosphotriester approach that combines the method of alkoxide activation with the use of 2,2,2-tribromoethyl phosphoromorpholinochloridate as a phosphorylating agent. The family of compounds included 3′ADP, 3′ATP, 2′-deoxy-3′ADP, 2′-deoxy-3′ATP, 2′,5′-dideoxy-3′ADP, and 2′,5′-dideoxy-3′ATP. Potency as inhibitors of adenylyl cyclases followed the order: 3′-mono- < 3′-di- < 3′-triphosphate and adenosine (Ado) < 2′-d-Ado < 2′,5′-dd-Ado derivatives, with 2′,5′-dideoxy-3′ATP exhibiting an IC50 of ∼40 nM. This order was maintained with purified and recombinant forms of the type I enzyme. The nucleoside 3′-phosphates caused noncompetitive inhibition of the type I adenylyl cyclase from bovine brain, consistent with inhibition via the P-site. Inhibition was not due to hydrolytic products because this was minimal and inhibition kinetics by inorganic polyphosphates were inconsistent with those caused by the nucleoside 3′-polyphosphates. Only 3′ATP underwent cation-catalyzed, nonenzymatic hydrolysis, with the primary product being 2′:3′-cAMP. Because 3′-ADP and 3′-ATP are naturally occurring, this class of compounds may physiologically regulate adenylyl cyclases and possibly other enzymes, mediating responses that include a reduction in 3′:5′-cAMP levels and consequent reductions in protein kinase A-activated pathways.
On hard real-time management information

Maintaining the quality of services for time-critical broadband applications on a high-speed network is an important subject for network management. Since the managed services are time-sensitive, the management applications managing these services must be real-time. This further implies that the real-time management applications must first have real-time management information to correctly take management actions. In this paper, we investigate how to build a monitoring system to support hard real-time management information in the domain of network management. The term "hard real-time" means that there are serious consequences if the management information is older than a specified threshold. The key issue to design such a hard real-time system is to bound the amount of resources that would be needed at the time of monitoring. Three types of resources are under our consideration: communication, computation, and information. This resource bound property motivates us to extend the existing management information protocols (e.g., SNMP or CIMP) to achieve hard real-time monitoring. We describe our experience in building a soft real-time network monitoring system called MELDNET, which uses the shadow object feature provided by the MELDC distributed concurrent object-oriented programming system. Then, we introduce the DONUT model, which is an abstract model for developing real-time scheduling techniques in the domain of hard real-time monitoring. Finally, we discuss the negotiation process between the management applications and the hard real-time monitoring system. >
How to become a yucca moth: Minimal trait evolution needed to establish the obligate pollination mutualism

The origins of obligate pollination mutualisms, such as the classic yucca-yucca moth association, appear to require extensive trait evolution and specialization. To understand the extent to which traits truly evolved as part of establishing the mutualistic relationship, rather than being preadaptations, we used an expanded phylogenetic estimate with improved sampling of deeply-diverged groups to perform the first formal reconstruction of trait evolution in pollinating yucca moths and their non-pollinating relatives. Our analysis demonstrates that key life history traits of yucca moths, including larval feeding in the floral ovary and the associated specialized cutting ovipositor, as well as colonization of woody monocots in xeric habitats, may have been established before the obligate mutualism with yuccas. Given these preexisting traits, novel traits in the mutualist moths are limited to the active pollination behaviors and the tentacular appendages that facilitate pollen collection and deposition. These results suggest that a highly specialized obligate mutualism was built on the foundation of preexisting interactions between early Prodoxidae and their host plants, and arose with minimal trait evolution.
Systematic Literature Review of Imaging Features of Spinal Degeneration in Asymptomatic Populations

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Degenerative changes are commonly found in spine imaging but often occur in pain-free individuals as well as those with back pain. We sought to estimate the prevalence, by age, of common degenerative spine conditions by performing a systematic review studying the prevalence of spine degeneration on imaging in asymptomatic individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a systematic review of articles reporting the prevalence of imaging findings (CT or MR imaging) in asymptomatic individuals from published English literature through April 2014. Two reviewers evaluated each manuscript. We selected age groupings by decade (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 years), determining age-specific prevalence estimates. For each imaging finding, we fit a generalized linear mixed-effects model for the age-specific prevalence estimate clustering in the study, adjusting for the midpoint of the reported age interval. RESULTS: Thirty-three articles reporting imaging findings for 3110 asymptomatic individuals met our study inclusion criteria. The prevalence of disk degeneration in asymptomatic individuals increased from 37% of 20-year-old individuals to 96% of 80-year-old individuals. Disk bulge prevalence increased from 30% of those 20 years of age to 84% of those 80 years of age. Disk protrusion prevalence increased from 29% of those 20 years of age to 43% of those 80 years of age. The prevalence of annular fissure increased from 19% of those 20 years of age to 29% of those 80 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: Imaging findings of spine degeneration are present in high proportions of asymptomatic individuals, increasing with age. Many imaging-based degenerative features are likely part of normal aging and unassociated with pain. These imaging findings must be interpreted in the context of the patient’s clinical condition.
Anthropology in France

▪ Abstract In France as elsewhere, anthropology developed as an autonomous discipline concerned with the study of faraway primitive or “exotic” societies, but it has shifted its purview, especially over the past several decades, to also include societies closer to home in both time and space. Consideration of the substantial literature produced over the past 30 years by French anthropologists conducting research in France illustrates the specificities of national disciplinary traditions in perceiving and meeting this challenge. Anthropology's position within the institutional framework of contemporary French academic and scholarly life, as well as the intellectual traditions that have been brought to bear on the ethnological study of France (especially the legacies of Durkheimian social thought and folklore studies) are shown to have helped shape both the production of anthropological knowledge of and in France and debates about its pertinence to the discipline's future.
Resource pooling for optimal evacuation of a large building

This paper is concerned with modeling, analysis and optimization/control of occupancy evolution in a large building. The main concern is efficient evacuation of a building in the event of threat or emergency. Complexity arises from the curse of dimensionality in a large building, as well as the uncertain and nonlinear dynamics of individuals. In this paper we propose relaxation techniques borrowed from queueing theory to address complexity. Then we provide tools to model occupancy evolution during egress, obtain lower bounds on evacuation time, and construct control solutions to instruct occupants in order to efficiently evacuate the building. The control solutions are based on recent generalizations of the MaxWeight policy for decentralized routing. These results are illustrated with the aid of simulations carried out using realistic building models.
“Roots: The Next Generation”—Who Watched and with What Effect?

from slavery, the focus of Roots II was on their post-Civil War experience and struggle for equality. It has been estimated that residents of approximately 32 million households viewed one or more episodes of "Roots," and residents of 22.5 million households viewed one or more episodes of Roots II. Both series were critically acclaimed not only for their artistic content, but also for their social content and their potential for initiating social change (e.g., Wander, 1977). The purpose of the present research was to examine empirically
Impact of early season apical meristem injury by gall inducing tipworm (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on reproductive and vegetative growth of cranberry.

ABSTRACT Larvae of cranberry tipworm, Dasineura oxycoccana Johnson, disrupt early season growth of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) uprights or shoots by feeding on apical meristem tissue. A 2-yr field study was carried out at three different locations to determine the impact of tipworm feeding injury on the reproductive and vegetative growth of two cranberry cultivars (‘Howes’ and ‘Stevens’) in Massachusetts. In addition to tipworm-injured and intact control uprights, an artificial injury treatment simulating tipworm feeding was also included. Individual uprights of cranberry exhibited tolerance to natural (tipworm) and simulated apical meristem injury in the current growing season (fruit production) and results were corroborated by a greenhouse study. In the field study, weight of fruit was higher in tipworm-injured uprights as compared with intact control uprights at the sites with Howes. However, majority of injured uprights (tipworm and simulated) did not produce new growth from lateral buds (...
Robustness analysis with full-structured uncertainties

This paper deals with μ problems involving full-structured (rather than block-diagonal) uncertainty, i.e. uncertainty blocks where each sub-block (or element) may be an independent uncertainty. Rearranging this problem into standard (block-diagonal) form results in an explosion in the required computation, and so a number of researchers have proposed more efficient bounds, in particular those based on non-similarity scaling, for such problems. Here we show how to map such problems into reduced size standard μ problems. The standard bounds applied to the reduced size problem are then shown to be at least as accurate, and require the same computational effort, as earlier techniques, with the added bonus that the standard μ upper bound is convex. Moreover this new approach is applicable in a much more general setting, allowing one to efficiently compute both robust stability and robust performance for problems involving multiple real and complex uncertainty blocks, any number of which may be full-structured.
Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis sp. nov., an Anaerobic, Extremely Thermophilic, Cellulolytic Bacterium Isolated from Obsidian Pool, Yellowstone National Park

A novel, obligately anaerobic, extremely thermophilic, cellulolytic bacterium, designated OB47T, was isolated from Obsidian Pool, Yellowstone National Park, WY. The isolate was a nonmotile, non-spore-forming, Gram-positive rod approximately 2 μm long by 0.2 μm wide and grew at temperatures between 55 and 85°C, with the optimum at 78°C. The pH range for growth was 6.0 to 8.0, with values of near 7.0 being optimal. Growth on cellobiose produced the fastest specific growth rate at 0.75 h−1. The organism also displayed fermentative growth on glucose, maltose, arabinose, fructose, starch, lactose, mannose, sucrose, galactose, xylose, arabinogalactan, Avicel, xylan, filter paper, processed cardboard, pectin, dilute acid-pretreated switchgrass, and Populus. OB47T was unable to grow on mannitol, fucose, lignin, Gelrite, acetate, glycerol, ribose, sorbitol, carboxymethylcellulose, and casein. Yeast extract stimulated growth, and thiosulfate, sulfate, nitrate, and sulfur were not reduced. Fermentation end products were mainly acetate, H2, and CO2, although lactate and ethanol were produced in 5-liter batch fermentations. The G+C content of the DNA was 35 mol%, and sequence analysis of the small subunit rRNA gene placed OB47T within the genus Caldicellulosiruptor. Based on its phylogenetic and phenotypic properties, the isolate is proposed to be designated Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis sp. nov. and OB47 is the type strain (ATCC BAA-2073).
The malic enzymes

The malic enzyme catalyzes the following reaction: $$ {\text{L - malate + PN}}^{\text{ + }} \rightleftharpoons {\text{pyruvate + PNH + H}}^{\text{ + }} {\text{ + CO}}_{\text{2}} {\text{.}} $$ (1) .
A concluding note

he great irony of international political economy (IPE) has longbeen its parochialism. In principle, our field of study is meant to beinternational – even global – in scope. Yet, in practice, scholarshiptends to be fragmented and insular. Clusters of specialists haveemerged in various parts of the world who tend to converse mainlyamong themselves; Americans talk with other Americans,Europeans with other Europeans, and so on. Until recently, littleeffort was made to promote a broader discourse on issues of mutualinterest.Thisspecialissue,thankstotheinspiredleadershipofAnnaLeander,isahappyexception.Onecanonlyhopeitmarksatrend.‘Dialogue of the deaf’Back in 1970, the noted British scholar Susan Strange published herfamous article ‘International economics and international relations:
Backwards and not very humanistic: the Pennsylvania Health Curriculum Progression Chart.

Abstract The Pennsylvania Health Curriculum Progression Chart provides scope and sequence to the health objectives that should be accomplished by a student. The behaviors important for functioning as a healthy adult as well as the behaviors important in meeting the more immediate needs of students were considered in developing the objectives. The Pennsylvania Department of Education Project 81 Outcome Statements were used extensively in the development of the objectives for the 10th to 12th grades. The development of the upper level (10th to 12th grades) objectives followed by the development of the lower level objectives and the focus on actual health behaviors gives the chart unique but controversial characteristics. The chart is also designed for implementation with proposed curriculum regulations in addition to other desirable characteristics.
EARLY IMPROVEMENT IN FLOW (LEFT VENTRICULAR STROKE VOLUME INDEX) AFTER TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT IS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVED SURVIVAL IN LOW-FLOW AORTIC STENOSIS

Low-flow (LF) severe aortic stenosis (AS) is an independent predictor of mortality in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR). We hypothesized that improvement in flow (left ventricular stroke volume index (SVI)) after transcatheter AVR (TAVR) would predict better clinical outcomes. All
Apparatus for the Study of Population Models of Drosophila and Other Insects

The present paper describes apparatus which may be found useful whenever it is desired to maintain continuous populations of certain kinds of insects over long periods of time. Specifically, the present apparatus is designed for the maintenance and handling of Drosophila populations, but it may, with or without modification, be used for a large variety of different forms. As is now well known, the principal advantage of maintaining what is called a continuous population, is that it avoids the serious sampling error which results from transferring populations from one container to another.