cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dendritic arbors and dendritic excrescences of abnormally positioned neurons in area CA3c of mice carrying the mutation "hippocampal lamination defect".

BALB/cJ and BALB/cByJ mice are homozygous for the autosomal gene “hippocampal lamination defect” (provisional gene symbol: Hld) which produces an abnormality in the lamination of the pyramidal cell layer of area CA3c of the hippocampus such that early-generated neurons are superficial and late-generated neurons are deep. Other inbred strains of mice are wild-type (+/+) at the Hld locus and do not have this inversion in cell position in area CA3c. The Golgi method was used to analyze the dendritic arbors of the abnormally positioned pyramidal cells and to compare the distribution of dendritic excrescences (i.e., the termination sites of the mossy fibers) in +/+ and Hld/Hld mice. It was found that in +/+ mice the late-generated pyramidal cells (whose cell bodies are positioned just below the suprapyramidal mossy fiber layer) have one set of dendritic excrescences on their apical dendrites as they extend through the suprapyramidal mossy fiber layer and a second set on their basal dendrites as they pass through the infrapyramidal mossy fiber layer. In contrast, in Hld/Hld mice the late-generated pyramidal cells (whose cell bodies are abnormally positioned just below the intrapyramidal mossy fiber layer) have two sets of dendritic excrescences on their apical dendrites, as they pass through the intrapyramidal and suprapyramidal mossy fiber layers, and none on their basal dendrites. In addition, in the vicinity of the apparent point of contact of the intrapyramidal mossy fibers, the apical dendrites of some of the abnormally positioned pyramidal cells have several fine-caliber branches. These data indicate that (1) the apical dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal cells can form normally even though the cells never reach their normal position and (2) the dendritic excrescences are induced by contact from the mossy fibers. The anatomical differences produced by the Hld/Hld genotype provide some interesting clues as to the relationship between defects in neuronal migration and the subsequent establishment of axonal connections and could be the basis for some of the behavioral differences reported to exist between BALB/cJ and other inbred strains of mice.
The effect of supply chain integration, modular production, and cultural distance on new product development: A dynamic capabilities approach

Abstract Little research has examined how international firms' operations strategies affect dynamic capability creation or how cultural distance affects operations management. This study addresses these gaps by bridging the work on dynamic capabilities, two operations management techniques (product modularization and supplier integration) and cultural distance. Using a sample of 111 Brazilian automobile suppliers, the study finds that new product development is marginally increased by product modularization but decreased by supplier integration. Cultural distance negatively moderated these relationships. This research extends the dynamic capabilities literature and indicates that operations management strategy is an important part of the dynamic capability formation process.
Chronic painful subluxation of the metacarpal halangeal joint extensor tendons

Chronic subluxation of the extensor tendons of the metacarpal phalangeal joint has been documented in six patients on active duty in the United States Navy. These patients had painful full flexion and gripping in the knuckle, especially when they were performing their jobs. No extension lag was noted. Three patients had a -severed junctura tendinum between the long and index fingers, which was believed to be a contributing factor to extensor tendon subluxation. Local anesthesia was administered to these patients, and the lesions were surgically corrected by reefing of the extensor hood and the sagittal band and repair of the junctura tendinum.
Purification and characterization of a furfural reductase (FFR) from Escherichia coli strain LYO1 - An enzyme important in the detoxification of furfural during ethanol production

Abstract Furfural, an inhibitor of ethanol production from hemicellulose acid hydrolysates, is reductively detoxified to furfuryl alcohol by the ethanologenic bacterium Escherichia coli strain LYO1. Furfural reductase was purified 106-fold from this bacterium to approximately 50% homogeneity. It has a native molecular mass of 135 kDa, determined by gel filtration, and subunit molecular mass of ∼68 kDa, determined by denaturing gel electrophoresis, indicating the holoenzyme is a dimer of two similar if not identical subunits. The enzyme shows strong activity from pH 4 to 8 (optimum pH 7.0), relatively high temperature tolerance (50–55 °C), and an apparent K m and V max for furfural of 1.5 × 10 −4 M and 28.5 μmol/min/mg of protein, respectively. It catalyzes the essentially irreversible reduction of furfural with NADPH, is specific for NADPH as cofactor, and is relatively specific for the reduction of furfural and benzaldehyde; 2-acetylfuran, xylose, and glucose were not reduced, while acetaldehyde was reduced at a rate 25-fold lower than furfural. This is the first description of a furfural reductase which, based upon size and substrate specificity, appears to represent a new type of alcohol–aldehyde oxido-reductase. The conversion of relatively toxic furfural to less toxic furfuryl alcohol suggests a beneficial role for this enzyme in mitigating furfural toxicity encountered during ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass.
Minimum Weight Design of Stiffened Fiber Composite Cylinders

Abstract : A structural synthesis capability for stiffened fiber composite cylindrical shells has been developed. The design variables are the configuration and material parameters. The material parameters considered are the fiber volume content and the ply orientations in the skin. Both longitudinal and circumferential stiffeners are assumed to have hat cross-sections. The instability loads of the heterogeneous anisotropic cylinder under combined axial, radial, and torsional loading are calculated with smeared stiffener theory. In the synthesis scheme, multiple load conditions on the cylinder are permissible. The optimal design problem is cast into a model of a nonlinear mathematical programming problem which is solved with the penalty function technique of Fiacco-McCormick. Since weight is independent of the ply orientations there exist alternative optima. Special modifications on the iteration procedure are made, so that the ply angles tend to move in such a way that the overall strength of the cylinder is improved. Numerical examples are discussed. (Author-PL)
Functional magnetic resonance imaging detection of vascular reactivity in cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

In addition to its role as a major cause of primary intracerebral hemorrhage, cerebrovascular deposition of the s-amyloid peptide (cerebral amyloid angiopathy, CAA) also appears to cause ischemic brain injury. Advanced CAA is associated with various neuropathological or neuroimaging markers of nonhemorrhagic tissue injury, including microinfarcts,1–5 white matter lesions,6, 7 and altered diffusion-tensor properties.8 These multifocal lesions likely contribute to the association between advanced CAA and cognitive impairment observed in community-dwelling elderly individuals.9 Determining the mechanism of CAA-related ischemic injury would be an important step towards identifying candidate treatment approaches. One possibility suggested by studies in transgenic mouse models,10–12 and human studies using functional transcranial Doppler (fTCD)13, 14 is that CAA may reduce the ability of cerebral resistance vessels to dilate in response to physiologic stimulation. Impaired vasoreactivity might in turn cause mismatches between perfusion and metabolic demand, predisposing to ischemic damage. The current analysis applies functional MRI (fMRI) to examine cerebrovascular reactivity and blood flow in patients diagnosed with advanced CAA. Functional MRI offers several important advantages over fTCD, including anatomic information on the location of impaired vasoreactivity and the ability to measure absolute blood flow using arterial spin labeling fMRI techniques. The current analysis focuses on the vascular properties of visually activated cortex, a brain region with high burdens of cerebrovascular amyloid in advanced CAA.15–17
Representative Bureaucracy: Assessing the Evidence on Active Representation

The theory of representative bureaucracy suggests that a public workforce representative of the people in terms of race, ethnicity, and sex will help ensure that the interests of all groups are considered in bureaucratic decision-making processes. The theory posits that the active representation of group interests occurs because individual bureaucrats reflect the views of those who share their demographic backgrounds. Research in the public administration literature, however, includes only a relatively small number of studies providing evidence consistent with active representation. In addition, that literature is, for the most part, composed of studies that are conducted at an organizational level, making it impossible for us to draw inferences about the behavior of individual bureaucrats without committing an ecological fallacy. Researchers in the field of criminal justice studies, on the other hand, have long tested the relationship between workforce demography and government outcomes and have done so at the individual level and in contexts that allow confidence that the outcomes observed are indeed the product of action by minority or female public servants. Those studies are reviewed, and their findings provide the first definitive evidence of a connection between the presence of diversity in the public workforce and the representation of minority interests.
Comparison of Two Non-Intellective Scales of Intelligence and Their Relationship to Intellectual Changes following Surgery

Two MMPI scales of intelligence measuring intellectual efficiency (Ie and Iq) were significantly correlated with WAIS IQ, Wechsler Memory Scale memory, and Bender-Gestalt errors for a sample of 102 patients undergoing coronary artery surgery (rs = .54 to .36). Pre-operative intellectual efficiency was not predictive of changes in intelligence, memory, and perceptual-motor ability assessed six days post-operatively. The intellectual efficiency scales were also positively correlated with adjustment as measured by MMPI basic scales and Dependency (Dy), Ego Strength (Es) and Manifest Anxiety (At) scales.
Calcium Ion Release in Mechanically Disrupted Heart Cells

In cardiac muscle fibers which have had their sarcolemma disrupted intracellular stores of calcium ions can be released by the same chemical stimuli which cause their release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skinned skeletal muscle fibers. These stimuli are increases in calcium or caffeine concentrations and substitution of chloride for propionate or sodium for potassium in solutions bathing the fibers.
Specifications and testing aided by a variant of the cause-effect process

For many years the cause-effect process has played a role in testing [1, 2]. A simplified variation of the cause-effect process will be shown. This variation is not only effective for testing and carefully analyzing existing specifications, but is also useful for developing complete specifications. The cause-effect graph is claimed to be unnecessary.
Effect of polybrominated biphenyls on the growth and maturation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes

Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) have been shown to affect the immune system of exposed Michigan farm workers and their families. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of PBB on the function and on the synthesis of immunoglobulins by peripheral blood lymphocytes. Concentrations of PBB as low as 0.001 microgram/10(5) cells decreased lymphocyte response to pokeweed mitogen; higher concentrations of PBB stimulated the in vitro synthesis and release of immunoglobulins. PBB had no effect on the quantity of E-rosette-forming cells, the total T or B cells, or the ratio of helper to suppressor T-cell subpopulations. Enhanced release of IgG was identified in lymphocyte cultures obtained from blood specimens of PBB-exposed Michigan farmers. The data from this study suggest that PBB exerted an adverse effect on cell function, but produced a nonspecific activation of B lymphocytes.
Relativistic exchange approximation study for He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe

Calculational results are presented for the restricted Hartree-Fock method, the Slater-Kohn-Sham-Gaspar Xα approximations, Herman and coworkers density gradient Xαβ approximation, and Liberman's free electron gas XL approximation. The most satisfactory atomic exchange approximation is found to be the density gradient method of Herman and coworkers.
Generating tailored definitions using a multifaceted user model

This paper presents a computational strategy for reasoning on a multifaceted user model to generate definitions tailored to the user's needs in a task-oriented dialogue. The strategy takes into account the current focus of attention in the user's partially constructed plan, the user's domain knowledge, and the user's receptivity to different kinds of information. It constructs a definition by weighting both the strategic predicates that might comprise a definition and the propositions that might be used to fill them. These weights are used to construct a definition that includes the information deemed most useful, using information of lesser importance as necessary to adhere to common rhetorical practices. This strategy reflects our hypothesis that beliefs about the appropriate content of a definition should guide selection of a rhetorical strategy, instead of the choice of a rhetorical strategy determining content.
Mediation in Territorial, Maritime and River Disputes

This article seeks to explain factors that make mediation attempts more or less likely in territorial, maritime, and river disputes. I argue that the intensity of the dispute and the salience of disputed territory have strong influence on mediation attempts. The study further examines the impact of these factors on the type of mediation strategy (directive, procedural, or communications). Hypotheses about mediation attempts are tested with the icow data set of interstate territorial, maritime, and river disputes from 1816 to 2001. Findings indicate that intensity of the dispute and salience of disputed territory have a strong impact on the selection of mediation in the first place, and second, that salience of disputed territory makes the directive strategy more likely, while intensity of the dispute makes procedural or communications strategies more likely.
High frequency sound wave attenuation in β-brass around Tc

Abstract High frequency (20 MHz) sound wave attenuation in β-brass around its order-disorder critical temperature has been measured. The attenuation maximum appears above T c . Longitudinal wave attenuation is linearly dependent on frequency and is much less than shear
Partial Structure of Two Sex Pheromones of the Corn Earworm, Heliothis zea

A procedure is described for determining the structures of sex pheromones of moths when the pheromone is of a specific, common type. When this procedure was applied to the corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), only 335 virgin females were needed to establish that this insect species has 2 sex pheromones, a mono-unsaturated alcohol and a mono-unsaturated acetate. Chemically bound pheromone was released from inactive liquid chromatographic fractions by saponification followed by acctylation. Though the structures could not be described completely, they appear to contain 14-carbon straight chain alcohol moeities, and in the acetate pheromone the double bond is not further than the 8th carbon atom from the acetate group. Several 14-carbon straight chain mono-unsaturated acetates were tested by laboratory bioassay and found attractive. The most potent was trans-7-tetradecen-1-ol acetate, which evoked response at a concentration as low as 1010 g/ml; the corresponding alcohol was also attractive.
Epitaxial phthalocyanine thin films and phthalocyanine/C60 multilayers

Abstract Ordered ultrathin films of various dye molecules can be created by vacuum deposition onto a variety of substrates where the interaction with the overlayer is weak and intermolecular forces dominate the ordering process. Examples are shown for the surface electron diffraction data obtained from ordered monolayers of phthalocyanines on metal dichalcogenide surfaces and the corresponding linear optical changes which result from the formation of thin multilayers of those dyes. Organic/organic' multilayer assemblies are also presented, consisting of alternating layers of the fullerene C60 and InPc-Cl, which show promise for the formation of true organic superlattices, where excitonic interactions are confined in two dimensions.
Emotional distress, stress-related disruption and coping among healthy HIV-positive gay males

Abstract Although emotional distress is extensive both when HIV seropositivity is first determined and during symptomatic stages of the infection, it is not known if distress also characterizes the often lengthy asymptomatic period. To ascertain if it does, a sample (N=45) of asymptomatic HIV seropositive gay males was assessed on emotional distress, stressors, and coping styles. Data were compared with available normative data as well as with a small control sample (N=13) of seronegative gay males. On emotional distress indices, the majority of seropositive participants scored below the norms for psychiatric patient groups, resembling more the norms for non-patients, although there was a distressed subset. Despite evidence of considerable event-related stress, the moderate levels of currently-perceived stress among the seropositives indicated that as a whole they were not feeling overwhelmed. Coping styles did not appear to be disrupted in that they were nearly identical to normative data. In comparison ...
Use of pelvic CT scanning to evaluate pubic arch interference of transperineal prostate brachytherapy

Abstract Purpose: To determine the necessity of preoperative evaluation of pubic arch interference in patients with small prostate volumes. Methods and Materials: CT scans from 97 consecutive, unselected patients with stage T1 or T2 prostatic carcinoma who had transperineal I-125 or Pd-103 implants at the University of Washington in 1997 were analyzed for pubic arch interference. Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) was performed with 6.0-MHz transducer with the patient in the lithotomy position and the patient’s thighs vertical, similar to that used during the implant procedure. CT scans were obtained with the patient in the supine position, with 0.5-cm images taken at every 0.5 cm. To check for potential arch interference, the largest prostate cross-section was overlaid on the narrowest portion of the pubic arch. The overlap of the pubic arch and the prostate margin is measured at right angles to the inner pubic surface. The prostate volume obtained from the TRUS images was compared with the degree of pubic arch interference in order to determine whether TRUS volume predicted for interference. Results: There was considerable variability in pubic arch interference between patients. The mm of pubic arch overlap with the prostatic margin varied from −11 mm to 20 mm. Patients with larger prostate volumes generally had more pubic arch interference, but the degree of interference was only loosely related to the prostate volume ( r = 0.46). Conclusions: The degree of pubic arch interference is highly variable from one patient to the next and the TRUS volume cannot reliably predict patients who do or do not need a pelvic CT to detect potential arch interference.
Developing Successful Speakers for an Automatic Speech Recognition System

This paper reports on a study of recognition performance for a group of new users during their first month of experience with the Tangora system. Tangora is a 20,000 word, speaker dependent, isolated-word system which transcribes speech input into text in real-time. Twelve users, six males and six females, participated in 21 sessions each, during which they read aloud unrelated sentences selected from a corpus of office correspondence. Their goal was to develop a speaking style which minimized Tangora's recognition error. To this end, starting with the third session, the experimenter generated hypotheses about each users' speech habits which may have resulted in high recognition error and made suggestions to the user on how to modify his/her speaking style. In addition, each user produced a new speech sample each of the four weeks of the experiment which was used to “train” the system to recognize the speaker. On average, recognition error decreased by 33% from the first to the fourth week. This improveme...
Radiokohlenstoff‐Datierung Nobel‐Vortrag am 12 December 1960

Nach einem historischen Abris der Entwicklung der 14C-Datierung werden die Moglichkeiten ihrer Anwendung auf geschichtliche und vorgeschichtliche Epochen beschrieben. Mit ihrer Hilfe ist es gelungen, wesentliche archaologische und kulturgeschichtliche Aufschlusse zu erhalten. Die Methode lieferte daruber hinaus interessante Beitrage zur Geologie (Eiszeiten), Ozeanographie und Meteorologie.
History and contributions of the IBM scientific centers

The IBM Scientific Centers are celebrating their twenty-fifth anniversary. These worldwide Centers are autonomous organizations that provide IBM with the ability to respond rapidly to the evolution of computer technology for IBM and for its scientific customers. During the past quarter century these Centers have provided technical leadership in almost every branch of computer science. Today, the 17 individual Centers continue to explore new technical areas and provide significant contributions. This paper has three parts: an introduction to the mission, scope, and history of the Centers; a description of each Center's charter, history, and accomplishments; and an extended list of selected publications for each Center.
Bromination of Pyrimidines: A Simple Inexpensive Method

Although the introduction of halogens into the pyrimidine ring has been accomplished numerous times, the methods usually involve either specialised reagents or very aggressive conditions. This communication paper describes the introduction of bromine into position 5 of the pyrimidine ring using common inorganic salts at room temperature. An evaluation of the substituents required for successful reaction is provided.
Serine-1321-independent regulation of the mu 1 adult skeletal muscle Na+ channel by protein kinase C

Abstract The adult skeletal muscle Na+ channel mu1 possesses a highly conserved segment between subunit domains III and IV containing a consensus protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation site that, in the neuronal isoform, acts as a master control for "convergent" regulation by PKC and cAMP-dependent protein kinase. It lacks an approximately 200-aa segment between domains I and II though to modulate channel gating. We here demonstrate that mu1 is regulated by PKC (but not cAMP-dependent protein kinase) in a manner distinct from that observed for the neuronal isoforms, suggesting that under the same conditions muscle excitation could be uncoupled from motor neuron input. Maximal phosphorylation by PKC, in the presence of phosphatase inhibitors, reduced peak Na+ currents by approximately 90% by decreasing the maximal conductance, caused a -15 mV shift in the midpoint of steady-state inactivation, and caused a slight speeding of inactivation. Surprisingly, these effects were not affected by mutation of the conserved serine (serine-1321) in the interdomain III-IV loop. the pattern of current suppression and gating modification by PKC resembles the response of muscle Na+ channels to inhibitory factors present in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and idiopathic demyelinating polyradiculoneuritis.
Dissociation Behavior of Doubly-Charged Tryptic Peptides: Correlation of Gas-Phase Cleavage Abundance with Ramachandran Plots

Analysis of fragmentation patterns from 5654 unique doubly charged tryptic peptides is obtained. Great variability of average relative abundance of bond cleavage is found between different amino acid combinations. There exist similarities as well as differences between b and y ions. Strong enhancement or suppression of cleavage gives insight into possible chemical interactions at reactive conformations formed by preferred phi−psi angles.
Energy-aware aerial vehicle deployment via bipartite graph matching

This paper proposes a multi-robot path planning and optimal deployment strategy for a team of micro air vehicles with limited energy reserves and finite recharge times. We focus on deployments which seek to balance individual and cooperative vehicle task requirements with overall travel and energy costs and charging station availability toward enabling extended duration operation. We formulate the deployment approach as a matching problem that builds upon a deterministic navigation graph of both edge and vertex weighted. By relating the charging stations to the weighting policy of graph vertices, a set of navigation paths transiting nearby charging stations can be obtained for those low energy aerial vehicles. Simulation results validate the proposed deployment approach and analyze performance variability due to changes in available energy resources and team size.
The Organization of Mental Health Services in Cuba

This paper reviews the Cuban mental health system from a descriptive organizational perspective. It focuses on (a) the in terface between mental health, public health, and the socio- political structure; (b) inpatient treatment and rehabilitation programs; (c) the use of social networks in support of the dis charged patient; (d) community care, including descriptions of sectorization and dispensarization systems; and (e) primary to tertiary prevention strategies.
Interactional routines as a mechanism for L2 acquisition and socialization in an immersion context

Abstract Language learning cannot be separated from the setting in which it is used, and language socialization research has shown that children acquire sociocultural knowledge of their native language (L1) through participation in language mediated activities in the home and community. How do young children with already established sociocultural competence in L1 acquire competency in second language (L2) interactional skills? This study examines how kindergartners are socialized to initiate and respond to L2 discourse sequences in a Japanese immersion classroom. Using video-taped naturalistic data of classroom interactions, children's performance of three daily routines is analyzed qualitatively, noting scaffolded help provided by the teacher, peers, and changes in content and participant structure over several months. Data reveal increasing autonomy in initiating and responding roles and spontaneous incorporation of a routine in a novel situation, demonstrating that routines provide a framework and mechanism for L2 competence beyond the level of creative L2 output, which basically remained at the word-level throughout the first year.
Ciliary Membrane Proteins of Tetrahymena thermophila

SYNOPSIS SDS polyacrylamide gels of the ciliary membrane proteins of Tetrahymena thermophila revealed 5 major peaks and 11 minor protein peaks ranging in molecular weight from below 20,000 to above 250,000. The peaks resembled those found for ciliary membrane proteins of Paramecium aurelia..
Room Temperature Annealing of Ionizatton-Induced Damage in CMOS Circuits

The effects of ionization on MOS devices as a function of time after exposure to a radiation source are functions of the radiation source and device bias time profiles. This paper presents a discussion, supported by a comprehensive series of experiments, of the time dependence of ionization-induced damage to complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices. Two distinct annealing or recovery mechanisms were investigated: (1) room temperature annealing in the absence of radiation, and (2) radiation enhanced room temperature annealing. Experiments were performed using both electron aid ?-ray sources with ionization rates ranging from 103 rads(Si)/sec to greater than 1011 rads(Si)/sec and observation times extending from 1 msec to 105 seconds. The experiments demonstrate that ionization-induced damage to positively biased MOS devices, such as the n-channel devices in CMOS circuits, can be annealed appreciably at room temperature by additional irradiation of the device with zero gate bias. Thus, when operation of CMOS circuitry during or immediately following radiation exposure is of interest, the experimental semipermanent-type radiation damage data typically reported must be carefully evaluated.
Fantasy theme analysis: Theory vs. practice

(1987). Fantasy theme analysis: Theory vs. practice. Rhetoric Society Quarterly: Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 11-20.
Alcohol abuse and tavern reform in late colonial Mexico City.

S TUDIES on drinking customs and practices in a number of eighteenth and early nineteenth-century American and European cities all underline the importance of alcoholic beverages and taverns in the lives of the poor. The works on the lower classes of London, Paris, and New York also document the social ills resulting from alcohol abuse, most notably, poverty, crime, family dissolution, and disease.' The study of alcohol use and abuse in colonial Mexico, however, has been severely hampered by the controversy engendered by proponents of the Black and White Legends. The simplistic Black Legend view of exploited and demoralized inebriated native peoples was based on standard, often published accounts of moralizing Spanish officials and clergy who essentially presented traditional Hispanic attitudes towards the Indians and their use of intoxicants. Almost a decade ago, one historian wrote that "alcoholism remains one of the important relatively unstudied topics in Spanish colonial history," and called for a moratorium on unsubstantiated generalizations and for serious archival research.2 William B. Taylor has recently published the first major study on alcohol use in New Spain, although it concentrates primarily on the drinking habits and patterns in the countryside.3
Nonlinear dynamics in multinational financial data

We test for the presence of non‐linear dynamics in real stock return, in the American, British, and Japanese equity markets. Evidence on non‐linearities will have important implications for financial analysts. The results provide evidence of nonlinear structure in stock returns, in the three markets, suggesting that linear models, such as Ordinary Least Squares or Vector Autoregressive (VAR), may not always be appropriate for analyzing data.
Nano-Immunodetection and Quantification of Mycobacteria in Metalworking Fluids

The accurate detection and enumeration of mycobacteria in metalworking fluids (MWFs) is imperative from an environmental protection and occupational health perspective. We report here on a comparis...
System Identification Applied to Dynamic CFD Simulation and Wind Tunnel Data

Demanding aerodynamic modeling requirements for military and civilian aircraft have provided impetus for researchers to improve computational and experimental techniques. Model validation is a key component for these research endeavors so this study is an initial effort to extend conventional time history comparisons by comparing model parameter estimates and their standard errors using system identification methods. An aerodynamic model of an aircraft performing one-degree-of-freedom roll oscillatory motion about its body axes is developed. The model includes linear aerodynamics and deficiency function parameters characterizing an unsteady effect. For estimation of unknown parameters two techniques, harmonic analysis and two-step linear regression, were applied to roll-oscillatory wind tunnel data and to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulated data. The model used for this study is a highly swept wing unmanned aerial combat vehicle. Differences in response prediction, parameters estimates, and standard errors are compared and discussed
Quantitative measures for assessing rheumatoid arthritis in clinical trials and clinical care.

Abstract There is no single ‘gold standard' quantitative measure to assess and monitor the clinical status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore, a variety of measures have been used in clinical research and clinical care, including laboratory tests, radiographic scores, formal joint counts, physical measures of functional status, global measures and patient self-report questionnaires. These measures may address disease activity, joint damage, both activity and damage, or long-term outcomes. Measures of disease activity, such as joint swelling, are reversible and are emphasized in clinical trials. However, activity measures may be improved over 5 years while measures of damage, such as radiographic score, indicate disease progression. Two quantitative indices which are widely used in clinical trials are the (1) American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Core Data Set, which includes swollen joint count, tender joint count, physician assessment of global status, acute-phase reactant–erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein, functional status, pain, patient estimate of global status, a radiograph in studies over 1 year or longer, and (2) the disease activity score(DAs), which includes a swollen joint count, tender joint count, acute-phase reactant, and patient assessment of global status. Randomized controlled clinical trials provide the optimal method to evaluate new therapies, by comparing a therapy with a placebo or another therapy without selecting patients for specific therapies. However, randomized trials in chronic diseases have important limitations, including a relatively short observation period, patient selection for inclusion and exclusion criteria, inflexible dosage schedules, influence of the design on results despite a control group, emphasis on group data while ignoring individual variation in treatment responses, non-standardized interpretation of adverse effects, and others. Therefore, clinical trials in RA must be supplemented by long-term observational studies to assess results of therapy in regard to long-term outcomes such as work disability, joint replacement surgery and premature mortality. The most simple and effective method of collecting important long-term data from patients in routine clinical care is through patient self-report questionnaires.
Gardiovascular responses to prostaglandin f2α in spontaneously hypertensive rats

To test the hypothesis that abnormal prostaglandin reactivity may be a characteristic of essential hypertension, cardiovascular responses to prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) were measured in young spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar normotensive rats (NR). PGF2α(1 sec injection; 50 l/100 g.; .05, .5, 5, 50 g salt/kg) was injected retrograde into the femoral artery. Maximum changes were measured with respect to: 1) four different diameter categories of cremaster muscle arterioles, 2) mean arterial pressure (MAP), 3) pulse pressure (PP) and 4) heart rate. PGF2α at 5 and 50 g/kg significantly increased NR and SHR blood pressure. SHR MAP increased significantly more than NR MAP with the 50 g dose (P <. 001). PGF2α increased NR PP at the 50 g/kg dose and increased SHR PP at the .5, 5 and 50 g/kg dose. SHR PP response was significantly greater than that of the NR with the .5, 5 and 50 g/kg dose (P < .05, .01, .001 respectively). The mean SHR arteriolar constriction was greater than that of NR with the 50 g dose. The only change in heart rate was a 3% decrease from control in both NR and SHR during the pressor response to 50 g/kg. These results show an increased cardiovascular reactivity to PGF2α in SHR and may further suggest prostaglandin involvement in hypertensive disease.
Melanoma-induced suppression of macrophage nitric oxide production: reversal by a cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitor

COX-2 inhibition can reverse the immunosuppressive effects of melanoma on macrophage function by preventing the inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis. This indicates a potential role for COX-2 inhibitors with immunostimulatory therapy in melanoma.
The Use of Randomization Tests in Single-Subject Research

Some researchers have argued for the use of or have attempted to make use of randomization tests in single-subject research. To address this tide of interest, the authors of this article describe randomization tests, discuss the theoretical rationale for applying them to single-subject research, and provide an overview of the methodological research into the Type I error rates and statistical power of randomization tests in single-subject designs. It is found that randomization tests generally are an awkward fit to single-subject designs, and they are found to have low statistical power in single-subject contexts. It is therefore recommended that single-subject researchers make sparing, if any, use of randomization tests to analyze their data.
Gas hydrates on the northern California continental margin

The inner continental margin of northern California is underlain by a well-defined and extensive acoustic reflector that crosses other reflectors and mimics the surface of the sea floor. This bottom-simulating reflector (BSR) lies at a typical subsurface depth of about 250 m and has been mapped continuously beneath the Klamath Plateau and upper slope (water depths of 800 to 1200 m) for a distance of more than 130 km; it covers an area of at least 3000 km 2 . Limited data show that the BSR extends northward into Oregon and seaward at least to the base of the slope (3000 m). The water depths, subsurface depths, and pervasive nature of the BSR all suggest that it represents the base of a natural-gas hydrate. Using standard phase boundary diagrams for hydrate stability, we estimate the local geothermal gradient within the gas hydrate to be about 55 °C/km. This value is higher than that of most subduction margins and may be a result of the youthfulness of the subducting oceanic crust. This acoustically inferred gas hydrate is the first to be mapped on the western conterminous United States continental margin.
Regulation of Dynamin I GTPase Activity by G Protein βγ Subunits and Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate

Dynamin I is a 100-kDa GTPase that plays an important role in the recycling of synaptic vesicles. Hydrolysis of GTP by dynamin is thought to be a critical step in fission of coated pits to form coated vesicles. We report that the heterotrimeric G protein βγ subunit complex (Gβγ) and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) are negative and positive regulators of dynamin GTPase activity, respectively. Furthermore, the apparent affinity of dynamin for Gβγ is substantially enhanced by PtdIns(4,5)P2. However, the GTPase activity of oligomeric dynamin is unaffected by Gβγ. The effects of heterotrimeric G proteins on endocytosis may thus be mediated directly and not involve more remote aspects of their signaling properties.
Justice as Interaction: Loose Coupling and Mediations in the Adversary Process*

Among the guiding metaphors of judicial adversary proceedings, that of due process is the most salient. ’ Ideologically, organizationally, and behaviorally, this metaphor provides general goals which shape and justify courtroom procedures. Judge Jerome Frank’s work (Frank, 1949, 1970; Frank and Frank, 1957) pioneered the concept of the “basic myth of law,” which challenged the belief in the attainability of precise and certain legal procedures and outcomes. It may be, however, that the formal goals of due process and the practices available to attain them are in fact contradictory. As Wolf (1981) has argued in a subtly brilliant work, judicial practices may in fact be incompatible with scientific and discursive norms conventionally employed in inquiry. This suggests that forms of interaction in courtrooms (as law students quickly learn from texts on criminal proceedings) contribute dramatically to these contradictory norms. Such interaction reflects a type of mediating activity that decouples the metaphor of due process from the organizational and ideological structures which this metaphor supports.
Non-H-2 Antigens Serving as Carrier Determinants in a Primary Anti-Thy-1 Response in Mice

The primary immune response of mice to the Thy-1 antigens was elicited by intravenous injection of thymocytes from H-2 compatible donors. The magnitude of the ensuing response judged by the number of plaque forming cells producing antibodies lytic for the Thy-1 bearing cells was influenced by some non-H-2 antigens present on the immunizing thymocytes. Absence of non-H-2 incompatibility resulted in a poor response whereas the presence of such an incompatibility allowed a good response. Genetic analysis revealed that the non-H-2 incompatibility affecting the anti-Thy-1 response is controlled by 1–3 independently segregating genes presumably determining molecules acting as carrier determinants for otherwise poorly immunogenic Thy-1 antigens. The carrier effect appeared to be influenced by the gene dosage of the carrier molecules on the immunizing cells. The data presented are discussed in the context of the current concepts of the mechanisms controlling various immune responses.
Experimental and biomechanical model force fields produced by intraspinal microstimulation of the cat lumbar spinal cord

Using a biomechanical model of the cat hindlimb, we studied patterns of endpoint forces created by all muscle combinations of fourteen selected muscles, and compared them to the force patterns produced by intraspinal microstimulation of the lumbar spinal gray matter. We ran the model with two different activation schemes for the muscles. The first run used combinations of the fourteen selected muscles stimulated at the same level of activation. The second run used combinations where muscle forces were normalized to produce the same maximum end-point force. These results were compared to force field patterns obtained experimentally during intraspinal microstimulation. Although there were slight variations in the force patterns produced, both methods converged to four dominant patterns. When muscles in the model were normalized, some force patterns were found that were not observed experimentally. These results show the significance of specific levels of muscle activation to the production of the experimental patterns.
Mobile Internet Monetization: A Methodology to Monitor in Real Time the Cellular Subscriber Transactional Itinerary, from Mobile Advertising Exposure to Actual Purchase

The deployment of broadband mobile networks and the surging sales of Smart phones, tablets and 3G data keys are boosting mobile Internet usage among much wider audiences. Obtaining reliable information on mobile Internet traffic, online user behavior and mobile advertising exposure has become critical for the industry, notably the telecom and media sectors. The Network Intelligence Solution (NIS) is a new market research methodology, based on the analysis of anonymised Internet Protocol (IP) information transiting on mobile networks. This methodology enables real-time tracking of mobile Internet user traffic and behavior as well as online advertising exposure, while fully respecting the subscriber's privacy. The measurements delivered with this methodology are aiming at a two-fold objectives:-Bring the most effective solution to monetize the mobile Internet space,-Deliver a future-proof universal measurement methodology that will become a "global currency unit".The objective of this research paper is to present how this new methodology delivers reliable and accurate measurements of mobile advertising exposure enhanced with socio-demographic profiling and enables monitoring of the transactional process, across the full awareness-engagement-conversion itinerary.
Illinois debris-mitigation EUV applications laboratory

Gaseous discharge light sources are leading candidates for generating 13.5 nm wavelengths needed for next-generation optical lithography. Electrode debris reaching the first collector optic is a serious concern for device lifetime and cost of ownership. This paper describes the experimental setup and initial data obtained for testing secondary-plasma-based debris mitigation for EUV gas discharge light sources. Operation of a dense plasma focus, secondary RF debris mitigation system, and several in situ diagnostics were successfully tested, achieving first measurements for debris attenuation. It was also found that fast ion and fast neutral particle erosion processes at the optical mirror location dominate over deposition of sputtered metal if a collimator or ''foil trap'' is positioned between the hot pinch plasma and the first collector optic.
Ectoparasites of wild carnivora of Indiana.

Ectoparasites and other associates were collected from 8 species of wild carnivores occurring in Indiana. Parasites occurring most often and in greatest abundance on the Gray Fox ( Urocyon cinereomgenteus ) were Suricatoecus quadraticeps, Cediopsylla simplex, Chaetopsylla lotoris, Androulelaps fahrenholzi , and Ixodes cookei ; on the Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes): Ixodes cookei and C. simplex ; on the Coyote (Canis latrans): Cediolisylla simplex ; on the Raccoon (Procyon lotor): Trichodectes octomaculatus, Ctenocephalides felis, Orchopeas howardii, C. lotoris, A. fahrenholzi, Ixodes texanus, I. cookei , and Dermacentor variabilis ; on the Mink (Mustela vison): Stachiella larseni, Lynxacarus nearcticus, A. fahrenholzi, Zibethacarus ondatrae , and I. cookei ; on the Long-tailed Weasel ( Mustela frenata): Neotrichodectes minutus, Lynxacarus mustelae , and L. nearcticus ; on the Least Weasel (Mustela nivalis): Stachiella kingi ; on the Striped Skunk (MePhitis mephitis): Neotricltodectes mephitidis, A. fahrenholzi, Hirstionyssus staffordi , and I. cookei ; and on the Badger (Taxidea taxus): Neotrichodectes interuptofasciatus, I. cookei, D. variabilis , and H. staffordi . Some of these parasites are normally associated with the hosts whereas some appear to reflect the predatory habits of the hosts. A number of new host records are given.
Endometrial integrins and the establishment of uterine receptivity

Our understanding of the factors responsible for the initial interaction between maternal and embryonic epithelium leading to successful implantation remains incomplete. Temporal and spatial expression of specific endometrial peptides may contribute to the establishment of a period of uterine receptivity, whereby the endometrium becomes hospitable to the implanting blastocyst. The failure to establish receptivity may account for a significant number of cases of infertility in the female, especially affecting women with luteal phase deficiency, endometriosis, hydrosalpinges, recurrent pregnancy loss and unexplained infertility. Integrins are a family of cell adhesion molecules that have now been largely accepted as markers of uterine receptivity. Their pattern of expression during the menstrual cycle suggests that integrins may also provide a means to study the factors that regulate the establishment of uterine receptivity in general. The vitronectin receptor is an alpha-v-beta-3 integrin that appears during the opening of the putative window of implantation. Its expression appears to be associated with the down-regulation of epithelial oestrogen and progesterone receptors (PR). We postulate that the selective loss of PR on endometrial epithelium is critical to the establishment of uterine receptivity and allows the emergence of paracrine influence by underlying stroma through specific growth factors. Disruption of the normal pattern of integrins found in certain infertility states may also reflect a shift in the paracrine milieu, possibly due to the influence of inflammatory cytokines associated with endometriosis or tubal disease. Understanding what regulates and dysregulates endometrial integrins may lead to better treatment and diagnostic strategies for infertility patients as well as novel approaches to contraception.