cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Industry needs and expectations of SoC design education

Universities are currently updating their VLSI design education offerings to cover the important needs of System-on-Chip (SoC) design. It is important to recognize that SoC is a qualitative shift in design practice: not just more of the same things, for larger and larger designs, but a need to emphasise new topics and a more systematic approach to the design process. SoC is as much or more 'System' than 'Chip': thus topics such as embedded software, system-level design, algorithmic design, IP design and IP integration must be added to the curriculum. Verification, and new verification concepts, methods, languages and tools for IP development and integration need a special emphasis. In the new curriculum, design methods, processes and flows become as or more important than basic tool mechanics, and the relationship of standards and technical-business issues which affect SoC, such as IP packaging, qualification, evaluation, acquisition, and exchange are all topics to which students should have a basic exposure.
Health-Related Quality of Life of Children and Adolescents After Traumatic Brain Injury

Objective. Relatively little is known about the longer-term impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on children’s daily functioning, especially the broader outcome domain referred to as health-related quality of life (HRQL). The objective of the present study was to examine the nature and predictors of HRQL outcomes in children with moderate to severe TBI an average of 4 years postinjury. Methods. The study used a concurrent cohort-prospective design involving postinjury assessments of 3 groups of traumatically injured children and their families including 42 with severe TBI, 42 with moderate TBI, and 50 with orthopedic injuries only. Parent and child perceptions of HRQL and child adaptive behavior measures were obtained along with parent descriptions of the child’s health problems and use of medical and mental health services. Predictors included indices of injury severity, social factors, and ratings of preinjury child behavior problems and school performance. Results. Based on parent report, adolescents who sustained severe TBI had lower HRQL related to overall psychosocial functioning and in the domains of behavior, mental health, general health, and family impact than adolescents who sustained orthopedic injuries only. Communication skills, daily living skills, and general adaptive functioning also were rated lower in the severe TBI group. In contrast to parent reports, adolescents with severe TBI did not rate their HRQL in most domains differently than did adolescents with orthopedic injuries. There were no group differences in frequency of persistent physical limitations. Sixty-seven percent of families of children with severe TBI used mental health counseling at some point after the injury. Risks for poorer HRQL outcomes were related to family social disadvantage and poorer preinjury child behavioral and academic functioning. Conclusions. Findings underscore the importance of using comprehensive measures of HRQL, along with traditional indicators of functional outcomes, when evaluating the longer-term impact of injuries in children. Identification of predictors suggests the need for close monitoring and intervention of high-risk children.
Recasting power in its third dimension

Lukes’s (1974) Power: A Radical View has become a widely cited classic in contemporary political sociology. Referencing his three dimensions of power, particularly the third dimension, has become a standard way of mapping the schools of thought regarding power. Now Lukes (2005 [1974]) offers a new second edition that includes the original 1974 text plus two new chapters that respond to criticisms of his earlier work and show how he has developed, indeed changed, his thinking on the topic over the last 30 years. While it is unclear that the 2005 work will enjoy the success of the 1974 statement, it usefully shows contemporary shifts in thinking on this important issue, notably the recent influence of European thinkers, like Michel Foucault and Pierre Bourdieu, on the American “faces of power” debate in the 1960s and early 1970s that pitted pluralist, elite, and class structure perspectives against each other.
Dynamics of a High-Frequency Fuel Actuator and its Applications for Combustion Instability Control

The present paper performs complementary experimental and theoretical investigations of a pump-style, high-frequency, magnetostrictive fuel actuator, which achieves fuel modulations by periodically "pushing fuel out of a piston-cylinder unit instead of by modulating the flow area. The low-order models are developed to identify relevant parameters and investigate their influences on fuel modulations. This fuel actuator is proprietary, its detailed internal structure and dimension are not available, so only qualitative comparisons between the model predictions and experiments are made. Experiments validate the trend of the model predictions. A system-identification-based LQG controller is designed to quickly suppress strong interferences of fuel modulations with the mean fuel flow rate. Improvements to the fuel setup have been made according to the model predictions, which have been experimentally shown to be beneficial to combustion instability control.
Integration of Biofeedback into Pediatric Multidisciplinary Programs at Children's Mercy Hospital Kansas City

Research supports multidisciplinary care as an efficacious, and cost-effective approach for treating pain.An interdisciplinary approach to treatment for chronic pain in children and adolescents has been successfully implemented at Children's Mercy Hospital Kansas City. The hospital has supported the establishment and growth of an Integrative Pain Management Team (IPMT), an Abdominal Pain Program (APP), and recently has added multidisciplinary teams that deal with a variety of difficult, chronic gastrointestinal issues. Biofeedback-assisted relaxation training (BART) has been integrated into the Abdominal Pain and Integrative Pain Management programs and is a valued component of their comprehensive treatment care plans. A description of current biofeedback training protocols, training modalities, therapeutic games, and home practice tools is provided.
Coating of poly(dimethylsiloxane) with n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside to minimize nonspecific protein adsorption

Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) surface is coated with n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside, which reduces the nonspecifically adsorbed protein on the PDMS surface to the single molecule level.
Development of six PROMIS pediatrics proxy-report item banks

Pediatric self-report should be considered the standard for measuring patient reported outcomes (PRO) among children. However, circumstances exist when the child is too young, cognitively impaired, or too ill to complete a PRO instrument and a proxy-report is needed. This paper describes the development process including the proxy cognitive interviews and large-field-test survey methods and sample characteristics employed to produce item parameters for the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) pediatric proxy-report item banks. The PROMIS pediatric self-report items were converted into proxy-report items before undergoing cognitive interviews. These items covered six domains (physical function, emotional distress, social peer relationships, fatigue, pain interference, and asthma impact). Caregivers (n = 25) of children ages of 5 and 17 years provided qualitative feedback on proxy-report items to assess any major issues with these items. From May 2008 to March 2009, the large-scale survey enrolled children ages 8-17 years to complete the self-report version and caregivers to complete the proxy-report version of the survey (n = 1548 dyads). Caregivers of children ages 5 to 7 years completed the proxy report survey (n = 432). In addition, caregivers completed other proxy instruments, PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales Parent Proxy-Report version, PedsQL™ Asthma Module Parent Proxy-Report version, and KIDSCREEN Parent-Proxy-52. Item content was well understood by proxies and did not require item revisions but some proxies clearly noted that determining an answer on behalf of their child was difficult for some items. Dyads and caregivers of children ages 5-17 years old were enrolled in the large-scale testing. The majority were female (85%), married (70%), Caucasian (64%) and had at least a high school education (94%). Approximately 50% had children with a chronic health condition, primarily asthma, which was diagnosed or treated within 6 months prior to the interview. The PROMIS proxy sample scored similar or better on the other proxy instruments compared to normative samples. The initial calibration data was provided by a diverse set of caregivers of children with a variety of common chronic illnesses and racial/ethnic backgrounds. The PROMIS pediatric proxy-report item banks include physical function (mobility n = 23; upper extremity n = 29), emotional distress (anxiety n = 15; depressive symptoms n = 14; anger n = 5), social peer relationships (n = 15), fatigue (n = 34), pain interference (n = 13), and asthma impact (n = 17).
The balance between approach and avoidance behaviors in a novel object exploration paradigm in mice.

Approach and avoidance are critical components of novelty seeking, which plays an important role in susceptibility to drug abuse and aspects of cognition. This experiment was designed to examine whether brief periods of handling or prior exposure to a novel environment affect various measures of novel object exploration in mice. Forty male C57BL/6J mice were handled by the experimenter or received minimal exposure to human contact. In addition to manipulating the degree of familiarity with the experimenter (handling), we also manipulated the degree of familiarity with the object. All mice were tested over a 3-day period. On day 1, all mice were tested in the open field for 60 min. On day 2, there were two, 30-min sessions. In the first 30-min session, there was no object present. In the second 30-min session, half of the mice were exposed to a novel object. On day 3, all mice were placed in the open field for 30 min followed by a 30-min period in which the object was placed in the center of the open field. Handled mice showed a trend toward more object exploration on day 2 compared to non-handled mice. Mice with prior exposure to the novel object showed more object exploration compared to object-naive mice on day 3. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a certain degree of familiarity with the object or with the experimenter decreases avoidance and increases exploration of novel stimuli. In combination, these results show that the approach and avoidance dimensions of novelty seeking can be manipulated experimentally and may be used in subsequent studies to examine the effects of drugs of abuse.
RT-Link: A Time-Synchronized Link Protocol for Energy- Constrained Multi-hop Wireless Networks

We propose RT-link, a time-synchronized link protocol for real-time wireless communication in industrial control, surveillance and inventory tracking. RT-link provides predictable lifetime for battery-operated embedded nodes, bounded end-to-end delay across multiple hops, and collision-free operation. We investigate the use of hardware-based time-synchronization for infrastructure nodes by using an AM carrier-current radio for indoors and atomic clock receivers for outdoors. Mobile nodes are synchronized via in-band software synchronization within the same framework. We identify three key observations in the design and deployment of RT-link: (a) hardware-based global-time synchronization is a robust and scalable option to in-band software-based techniques, (b) achieving global time-synchronization is both economical and convenient for indoor and outdoor deployments, (c) RT-link achieves a practical lifetime of over 2 years. Through analysis and simulation, we show that RT-link outperforms energy-efficient link protocols such as B-MAC in terms of node lifetime and end-to-end latency. The protocol supports flexible services such as on-demand end-to-end rate control and logical topology control. We implemented RT-link on the CMU FireFly sensor platform and have integrated it within the nano-RK real-time sensor OS. A 42-node network with sub-20 mus synchronization accuracy has been deployed for 3 weeks in the NIOSH Mining Research Laboratory and within two 5-story campus buildings
Sea Level Lies: The Duty to Confront the Deniers

Clients may deny climate change, but facts are facts, oceans are rising, and lawyers have duties to their profession and third parties. Applying traditional concepts of professional responsibility, with frequent consideration of the government lawyer’s duties to the public, this Article considers how the lawyer’s duty of competence, duty to advise clients, duty of fairness to others, duty to the courts, and duty to organization clients all apply to the controversial context of sea level rise. While clients can, as a policy matter, choose the “do-nothing” option, lawyers have a duty to confront the deniers and to ensure that material facts are disclosed and meaningfully considered. Participating in a client’s deceptions and omissions could expose lawyers to negligent misrepresentation or disciplinary cases, but perhaps even more importantly, lawyers have a duty to the next generation, too.
Experimental Infection of Turkeys with Avian Pneumovirus and Either Newcastle Disease Virus or Escherichia coli

SUMMARY. Avian pneumoviruses (APVs) are RNA viruses responsible for upper respiratory disease in poultry. Experimental infections are typically less severe than those observed in field cases. Previous studies with APV and Escherichia coli suggest this discrepancy is due to secondary agents. Field observations indicate APV infections are more severe with concurrent infection by Newcastle disease virus (NDV). In the current study, we examined the role of lentogenic NDV in the APV disease process. Two-week-old commercial turkey poults were infected with the Colorado strain of APV. Three days later, these poults received an additional inoculation of either NDV or E. coli. Dual infection of APV with either NDV or E. coli resulted in increased morbidity rates, with poults receiving APV/NDV having the highest morbidity rates and displaying lesions of swollen infraorbital sinuses. These lesions were not present in the single APV, NDV, or E. coli groups. These results demonstrate that coinfection with APV and NDV ...
FTA®-Liver Impressions as DNA Template for Detecting and Genotyping Fowl Adenovirus

Abstract The feasibility of using liver impressions on Flinders Technology Associates (FTA®) filter paper for the collection, inactivation, and molecular analysis of fowl adenovirus (FAV) was evaluated. FAV I European Union (EU) serotype 1 spotted on FTA® was shown to be inactivated using specific-pathogen-free (SPF) primary chicken embryo liver cell culture as indicated by absence of cytopathic effect. Sensitivity of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test using tenfold dilutions of allantoic fluid from 100 to 10−4 for the detection of adenovirus serotype 1 on FTA® cards was determined to be 0.0005 mean tissue culture infectious dose per FTA® spot. The stability of the DNA from liver impressions on the FTA® was found to be 198 days when stored at −20°C. In a trial, inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) was experimentally reproduced in SPF chickens inoculated with FAV I EU serogroup 1, 4, 8, or 11, which presented weakness, pallor, depression, dehydration, and mortality within 6 days after inoculation. PCR perf...
Quantification and regulation of apolipoprotein E expression in rat Kupffer cells

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is synthesized by a wide variety of cells including cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. In order to assess the quantitative significance of apoE synthesis in a mature tissue macrophage, apoE synthesis was compared in Kupffer cells and hepatocytes isolated from rat liver. Immunoreactive apoE synthesized by both cell types exhibited identical isoform patterns when examined by high-resolution two-dimensional gel analysis. ApoE synthesis was not detected in hepatic endothelial cells. Northern blot analysis using a rat apoE cDNA probe demonstrated a single mRNA species of approximately 1200 nucleotides in freshly isolated hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. The absolute content of apoE mRNA in each cell type was determined with a DNA-excess solution hybridization assay. The apoE mRNA content (pg/microgram RNA) for Kupffer cells and hepatocytes was 35.7 and 98.8, respectively. Accounting for cellular RNA content and the population size of each cell type in the liver, Kupffer cells were calculated to contain about 0.7% of liver apoE mRNA; hepatocytes account almost quantitatively for the remainder. These results suggest that Kupffer cells are not major contributors to the plasma apoE pool. After intravenous injection of bacterial endotoxin, apoE mRNA was decreased in freshly isolated Kupffer cells whereas whole liver showed no change in apoE mRNA. Endotoxin treatment had no effect on the apoE mRNA content in several peripheral tissues. These results indicate that apoE expression in vivo is differentially regulated by endotoxin in Kupffer cells as compared to hepatocytes or apoE-producing cells in peripheral tissues.
Electron swarms in two-phase plasmas

Commercial and research devices using electric discharges (low-temperature, partially ionized plasmas) are inevitably contaminated by solid particulate matter. The plasma is therefore composed of two phases: solid and gas. If the size of the particulate matter is comparable to or larger than the Debye length, a sheath will develop at the surface of the dust in a manner similar to that at the surface of a macroscopic object in contact with the plasma. The sheath around the particulate matter occludes current flow and perturbs the electron energy distribution function (EEDF). The former process can lead to discharge instabilities; the latter can detrimentally effect the electron impact rate coefficients. To assess the impact of charged particulate matter on electron transport coefficients, a hybrid molecular-dynamics-Monte-Carlo simulation has been developed. The EEDF is obtained by integrating the trajectory of electrons in the sheath regions of the dust while simultaneously applying Monte Carlo techniques for collisions with gas atoms or molecules. A self-consistent value is obtained for the sheath potential at the surface of the dust by requiring that equal fluxes of electrons and ions flow to the surface. Electrons striking the dust are removed from the simulation, thereby effectively cutting off the EEDF at the sheath potential. >
History of the Higgs Boson and Recent Discoveries at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

The particle referred to as the Higgs boson has been a centerpiece of the Standard Model of elementary particle physics ever since it was theoretically proposed almost 50 years ago. The history of the Higgs boson and the recent observations by the ATLAS and CMS experiments will be reviewed.
23 IDENTIFICATION OF ORGAN-SHARED AND STRAIN-INDEPENDENT CANDIDATE GENES DURING COMBINED VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED LUNG AND KIDNEY INJURY.

Combined ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) and acute renal failure (ARF) have 80% mortality in the ICU. We hypothesized that analysis of global genetic changes in lung and kidney tissues during developing of ALI will identify similar genomic responses to injury that could underlie injurious effects in both organs. We performed gene expression profiling of lung and kidney tissues in three different mouse strains in a model of VILI, speculating that key transcriptional changes would be tissue and strain independent. Three inbred mouse strains C57BL/6J (B), C3H/HeJ (H), and DBA/2J (D) were selected and young 4-week-old mice were mechanically ventilated (Vt = 17 mL/kg, 110 breaths/min) for 2 hours (n = 6-8) and compared to spontaneous ventilated (n = 6) mice. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage proteins demonstrated a significant (p 1.96 were considered significantly affected by VILI. This cross-tissue and cross-strain analysis identified 58 genes that behaved similarly in lung and kidney tissues during VILI. Gene ontology analysis of these genes revealed significant up-regulation of genes involved in response to stress (z = 2.51), including Mig-6 (5.97FCLung (L), 3.02FCKidney (K)) and Gadd-45{g (3.68FCL, 6.06FCK); and transcription activity (z = 4.04), including Ceb/pd} (3.97FCL, 3.74FCK) and Ceb/pb (2.87FCL, 4.58FCK). These data demonstrate that VILI activates specific transcription factors and stress responsive genes in both lung and kidney in all tested strains. Detailed studies of these pathways can reveal organ-shared VILI targets for the development of new therapeutic strategies for this devastating disorder.
Galen and the World of Knowledge: Shock and awe: the performance dimension of Galen's anatomy demonstrations

Galen’s anatomical demonstrations on living animals constitute a justly famous chapter in the history of scientific method. This essay, however, examines them as a social phenomenon. Galen’s demonstrations were competitive. Their visual, cognitive and emotional impact (often expressed by compounds of ѳαῦμα and ἔκπληξις) reduced onlookers to gaping amazement. This impact enhanced the logical force of Galen’s arguments, compelling competitors to acknowlege his intellectual and technical preeminence. Thus, on the interpersonal level, Galen’s demonstrations functioned coercively. On the philosophical level, Galen was using a rhetoric traditional to Greek science, a way of arguing that involved a unitary view of nature and an emphasis on homology between animals and man. But he was also using a rhetoric of power and status differentiation articulated via the body. As played out in the flesh, public vivisection resonated with other cultural practices of the Roman empire: wonder-working competitions, judicial trials, and ampitheater entertainment.
Effect of Mn Content on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Hot-rolled Ultra-low Carbon Ti Low Alloyed Steel

Based on conventional C-Mn steel,low alloyed element Ti was appropriately added to the experimental steels,and the content of Mn was adjusted.Meanwhile,the simple thermo mechanical control process(TMCP)was adopted.As a result,the good microstructural morphology and nanoscale precipitates were obtained.Therefore,the strength of steel plate obviously increased under the premise of guaranteed good elongation,and the cost of steel was reduced significantly.The microstructures were observed by OM,SEM,and TEM.The results show that when Mn content in the experimental steels increases from 1.05%(mass fraction)to 1.5%,the average grain size is refined from 6.4μm to 5.2μm,the nano-scale precipitates of TiC increase evidently.At the same time,the yield strength,the tensile strength and elongation increase by 56.7,42.2MPa and 1.2%,and reach558.7,662.2MPa and 22.4%.
Analysis of diphtheria antibody level in healthy population in Xicheng district of Beijing

Objective To know the diphtheria antibody level in healthy population in Xicheng district of Beijing,and to provide scientific basis for preventing diphtheria.Methods Totally 220 serum samples were collected from the local and floating population in 10 communities of Xicheng District.The diphtheria antibody was determined with ELISA.Results The diphtheria antibody positive rate was 78.64%,and the geometric mean concentration( GMC) was 0.421 IU / ml.There was no significant difference of the antibody positive rate and GMC between different genders and household registers.A trend of decreasing in the antibody concentration was observed with increasing age and years after immunization in healthy people above 20 years old.Conclusion It was predicted that diphtheria outbreak would not occur recently in Xicheng district.It is suggested to conduct diphtheria tetanus booster immunization for the adults in the event of showing the sign of diphtheria epidemic.
A novel solid-state NMR method for the investigation of trivalent lanthanide sorption on amorphous silica at low surface loadings.

The modelling of radionuclide transport in the subsurface depends on a comprehensive understanding of their interactions with mineral surfaces. Spectroscopic techniques provide important insight into these processes directly, but at high concentrations are sometimes hindered by safety concerns and limited solubilities of many radionuclides, especially the actinides. Here we use Eu(III) as a surrogate for trivalent actinide species, and study Eu(III) sorption on the silica surface at pH 5 where sorption is fairly limited. We have applied a novel, surface selective solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique to provide information about Eu binding at the silica surface at estimated surface loadings ranging from 0.1 to 3 nmol m−2 (<0.1% surface loading). The NMR results show that inner sphere Eu(III) complexes are evenly distributed across the silica surface at all concentrations, but that at the highest surface loadings there are indications that precipitates may form. These results illustrate that this NMR technique may be applied in solubility-limited systems to differentiate between adsorption and precipitation to better understand the interactions of radionuclides at solid surfaces.
Optimization as an alternative to transformation optics

A new technique for designing exotic metamaterial transformation devices is presented. The proposed technique is an efficient numerical alternative to transformation optics that provides improved flexibility and feasibility. The technique couples a custom FEM solver to a constrained, nonlinear minimization algorithm. The proposed procedure is demonstrated through the design of a beamformer. The performance of the beamformer is verified using a commercial full-wave solver.
Intraprocedural balloon dilation of the direct flow medical transcatheter aortic valve: First United States experience

Optimization of hemodynamics during transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) using the commercially available balloon expandable and self-expanding valves is often accomplished through post-dilation of the valves' metallic frame. The direct flow medical (DFM) valve is a uniquely designed second-generation TAVR prosthetic without a rigid metallic frame. It is not widely known whether balloon dilation of this valve is beneficial when valve hemodynamics after initial deployment suboptimal due to valve underexpansion. We present the first two US patients who underwent TAVR using the DFM valve who had underexpansion in the setting of bulky leaflet calcification that resulted in elevated valve gradients and were treated successfully using intraprocedural balloon dilation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Introduction To Cost-Of-Living Adjustments In Public Retirement Plans: Details Matter

While financial planning students are expected to be able to understand client retirement plans, subtle differences in cost-of-living adjustments can have major impact on the success of client retirement plans. This teaching note compares the cost-of-living adjustments in the largest government sponsored retirement systems and a hypothetical traditional privately sponsored plan. Using a Monte Carlo simulation, we estimate the impact on retirement experience from the different COLAs. These differences are large, with differing protection from future inflation and differing risk for running out of money during retirement. This teaching note will help instructors address Certified Financial Planner (CFP) Board Learning Outcome G.52 “Retirement Needs Analysis”. The material may also be used in economics, human resources, public administration, and other classes addressing policy aspects of retirement plans.
Lincoln’s Political Religion and Religious Politics: Or, What Lincoln Teaches Us about the Proper Connection between Religion and Politics

Much of the debate over Lincoln and religion centers on his faith (or lack thereof), with scholars and laymen alike arguing for or against Lincoln’s Christianity.
A Dynamic i-key Encryption Protocol for Wireless Networks

The fast growth of wireless networking has made data security an essential issue. Encryption mechanisms relying on a static key structure, such as WEP (802.11) and TKIP (802.1x), are vulnerable to key cracking via the capture of wireless packets. Although new standards have been developed to fill this gap, a stable security protocol has been lacking. In this paper, we present a lightweight and solid i-key encryption protocol to enhance the security of wireless communication. This dynamic re-keying mechanism allows only valid clients with the unique, secret i-key to decrypt the ciphertext and reveal the message, thus protecting sensitive data from access by unauthorized recipients. In addition, test results indicate that the i-key protocol can perform efficiently in different wireless environments.
Word Memory Test Performance Across Cognitive Domains, Psychiatric Presentations, and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective The current study addressed two aims: (i) determine how Word Memory Test (WMT) performance relates to test performance across numerous cognitive domains and (ii) evaluate how current psychiatric disorders or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) history affects performance on the WMT after excluding participants with poor symptom validity. Method Participants were 235 Iraq and Afghanistan-era veterans (Mage = 35.5) who completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Participants were divided into two groups based on WMT performance (Pass = 193, Fail = 42). Tests were grouped into cognitive domains and an average z-score was calculated for each domain. Results Significant differences were found between those who passed and those who failed the WMT on the memory, attention, executive function, and motor output domain z-scores. WMT failure was associated with a larger performance decrement in the memory domain than the sensation or visuospatial-construction domains. Participants with a current psychiatric diagnosis or mTBI history were significantly more likely to fail the WMT, even after removing participants with poor symptom validity. Conclusions Results suggest that the WMT is most appropriate for assessing validity in the domains of attention, executive function, motor output and memory, with little relationship to performance in domains of sensation or visuospatial-construction. Comprehensive cognitive batteries would benefit from inclusion of additional performance validity tests in these domains. Additionally, symptom validity did not explain higher rates of WMT failure in individuals with a current psychiatric diagnosis or mTBI history. Further research is needed to better understand how these conditions may affect WMT performance.
Fibronectin and androgen receptor expression data in prostate cancer obtained from a RNA-sequencing bioinformatics analysis

Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed male cancer in the world. The molecular mechanisms underlying its development and progression are still unclear. Here we show analysis of a prostate cancer RNA-sequencing dataset that was originally generated by Ren et al. [3] from the prostate tumor and adjacent normal tissues of 14 patients. The data presented here was analyzed using our RNA-sequencing bioinformatics analysis pipeline implemented on the bioinformatics web platform, Galaxy. The relative expression of fibronectin (FN1) and the androgen receptor (AR) were calculated in fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads, and represented in FPKM unit. A subanalysis is also shown for data from three patients, that includes the relative expression of FN1 and AR and their fold change. For interpretation and discussion, please refer to the article, "miR-1207-3p regulates the androgen receptor in prostate cancer via FNDC1/fibronectin" [1] by Das et al.
Ways of Knowing and the Prospects of Methodological Synthesis: Problem Formulation

Chapters 3 and 4 have two main purposes. One is to illustrate selected points raised in Chapters 1 and 2, using examples of revision studies from personal experience. Specifically, I try to show that, over time, my views as a scholar and a researcher studying revision shifted in relation to exogenic/positivist and endogenic/interpretivist positions. I also try to illustrate the interrelatedness of inquirer, mode of inquiry, and knowledge sought or created. Chapter 3 focuses on the initial problem and methodological formulation and their entanglements. That is, examples show how problems are defined to fit the available methods and how assumptions associated with a given method are met as the method molds problem definition. Chapter 4 focuses on the farther-reaching entanglements of originating assumptions and chosen methodologies with the results of the study.
Mechanisms of spontaneous pacing: sinoatrial nodal cells, neonatal cardiomyocytes, and human stem cell derived cardiomyocytes.

The sinoatrial (SA) node is the primary site from which the mammalian heart is paced, but the mechanisms underlying the pacemaking still remain clouded. It is generally believed that the hyperpolarization-activated current If, encoded by hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide–gated (HCN) genes, contributes significantly to pacing, which in tandem with inward current generated by efflux of Ca2+ via the Na+–Ca2+ exchanger (NCX), resulting from the released Ca2+, mediates the diastolic depolarization. Here, we review the data that implicate If as the “pacemaker current” and conclude that there is not only a significant discrepancy between the range of diastolic depolarization potential (–60 to –40 mV) and the activation potential of If (negative to –70 mV), but that also the kinetics of If and its pharmacology are incompatible with the frequency of a heartbeat in rodents and humans. We propose that If serves as a functional insulator, which protects the SA-nodal cells against the large negative electr...
Abstract 410: Binding of Apolipoprotein A-I to Inner and Outer Components of Bacterial Membranes

Human apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) is a 28 kDa protein and a major component of high-density lipoproteins, mediating several essential metabolic functions related to heart disease. The protein is able to suppress bacterial growth of gram-negative bacteria. To understand the basis of the bacterial growth suppression and its potential as an antimicrobial protein, the binding interaction between apoA-I and membrane components of gram-negative bacteria was characterized using wild-type, modified, and a deletion variant of apoA-I. To modify the protein, lysine residues were acetylated with acetic anhydride. The deletion variant was created by removing the C-terminal amino acid residues 190-143. The binding interaction of apoA-I with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), abundantly present in the outer bacterial membrane of E. coli , was investigated with non-denaturing PAGE and isothermal titration calorimetry. In addition, protein structural changes induced by LPS binding were monitored by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. Binding analysis showed that wild-type and N-terminal apoA-I were able to associate with LPS, but the acetylated protein showed a strongly reduced binding interaction. The bacterial inner membrane is rich in negatively charged phosphatidylglycerol. ApoA-I showed a strong preference for bilayer vesicles made of phosphatidylglycerol compared to phosphatidylcholine. Acetylated apoA-I showed a marked decrease in phosphatidylglycerol binding, while the binding activity of N-terminal apoA-I was only moderately decreased. These results indicated that apoA-I interacts with components of the inner and outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. In addition, lysine side-chains play a crucial role in the binding interaction, indicating the importance of ionic interactions. These results indicate the potential for apoA-I to function as an antimicrobial protein.
Coordinated Beamforming Training for mmWave and Sub-THz Communications with Antenna Subarrays

In this paper, we study millimeter-wave (mmWave) and sub-Terahertz (THz) communications with array- of-subarray architecture. To obtain the dominant channel information, two multi-resolution codebooks are designed for beamforming training by exploiting subarray coordination, where beam enhancement and broadening are jointly implemented. Then, based on the proposed codebooks, a hierarchical beamforming training strategy is developed to enable simultaneous training for multiple users. Simulation results are provided to show that the proposed multi- resolution codebooks could significantly increase the beam gain. Also, the effectiveness of the hierarchical beamforming training is verified.
Combining corpora and experimental data to investigate language learning during residence abroad: A study of lexical sophistication

Abstract This study investigates the development of lexical sophistication as a result of residence/study abroad. Both knowledge and use of low-frequency vocabulary were analyzed before and at the end of a 9-month stay abroad. Data were collected from 27 English-speaking university learners of Spanish who spent an academic year in Spain or Mexico. Vocabulary knowledge was assessed twice using the Spanish version of the Swansea Levels ‘X-lex’ test (Meara & Milton, 2003) which tests recognition of words from different frequency bands. Vocabulary use was assessed based on oral and written data from a learner corpus collected at the same time points. A profiler for lexical sophistication was created based on Spanish frequency data from the Corpus del Espanol which calculates the ratio of low-frequency words to total words produced. Results demonstrate significant increases over time in both knowledge and use of low-frequency vocabulary. Findings are discussed in light of previous research on study abroad and the analysis of lexical sophistication.
Heterogeneity of paramagnetic species in two iron-sulfur proteins: Clostridium pasteurianum ferredoxin and milk xanthine oxidase☆

Abstract During the anaerobic reductive titration of both C. pasteurianum ferrodoxin and milk xanthine oxidase, two different EPR signals ascribable to iron were seen to arise in succession. More than one species of iron is therefore involved in electron transfer in each one of these proteins.
The Interaction of Sulfur Trioxide with Water Clusters

Sulfur trioxide may play an important role in the production of atmospheric aerosols, particularly when gas phase sulfur chemistry can lead to super saturation in sulfuric acid and eventually nucleation. To improve our understanding of some of the mechanisms involved, the products of the reaction of sulfur trioxide with water clusters have been studied using molecular beam techniques. Sulfur trioxide was introduced through a coaxial tube or through an annular ring around an inner nozzle from which the water clusters emanated. The beam of clusters was passed through an electric quadrupole focusing region (to analyze the polar nature of the clusters) and then was ionized using electron impact. The resulting distribution of ions was analyzed with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Beside protonated water clusters, a less abundant series of ions of the form SO3(H2O)nH+ was observed. Protonated water clusters produced from ionization of neutral SO3(H2O)n clusters could not be discerned from the ionized products of unreacted water clusters. Electrostatic quadrupole focusing experiments of the neutral beam indicated that any SO3·H2O adduct rapidly isomerized to sulfuric acid.
Dietary fibre and non-digestible oligosaccharides

Dietary fibre has long been realised to be an important component of many foods. The term was not coined until 1953, but the anti-constipating effects of high-fibre foods have been long appreciated. In 430 BC, Hippocrates described the laxative effects of coarse wheat in comparison with refined wheat (McCance and Widdowsen, 1955). Graham, of graham cracker fame, denounced the harmful effects of refined carbohydrate foods during the 19th century, and the Kellogg and Post cereals owe their start to interest in increasing the fibre content of the diet. In the 1920’s, J.H. Kellogg published extensively on the attributes of bran, claiming that it increased stool weight, promoted laxation, and prevented disease. Denis Burkitt is usually credited with popularising, in the 1970’s, the idea that dietary fibre may protect against the development of Western diseases. Despite more than 20 years of research in dietary fibre, there is still disagreement on what fibre is and how it can be measured.
Incidence and predictors of vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity.

OBJECTIVES Earlier studies reported a low incidence of vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity (VAN); however, recent studies have reported higher incidences exceeding 30%. Predictors of nephrotoxicity are not well defined. In this study we aimed to better estimate the incidence and evaluate predictors of VAN in a cohort of patients predominated by long treatment courses. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study on patients treated with vancomycin while in the hospital and who were observed closely through the Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy program. Nephrotoxicity was defined as an increase in the serum creatinine level of 0.5 mg/dL or 50% from baseline on at least two consecutive readings while taking vancomycin. We compared the patients who developed nephrotoxicity with those who did not with regard to vancomycin dosing, trough levels, baseline serum creatinine, underlying infection, residence in the critical care unit, comorbid conditions, concurrent nephrotoxic treatments, and baseline characteristics. RESULTS Of 579 patients, 154 (26.6%) developed nephrotoxicity. Ninety patients developed VAN within the first 14 days of treatment, whereas 64 patients developed nephrotoxicity after 14 days of treatment. The median time to development of nephrotoxicity was 9 days. Admission to the intensive care unit, concurrent use of loop diuretics, and comorbidity with cirrhosis were independently associated with nephrotoxicity. A higher baseline creatinine value was unexpectedly associated with a lower incidence of nephrotoxicity (P = 0.0016). CONCLUSIONS VAN is not an uncommon outcome in both short- and long-term treatment courses. Admission to the intensive care unit while receiving treatment, concurrent treatment with a loop diuretic, an underlying diagnosis of cirrhosis, and the initial trough level appear to be the main risk factors for nephrotoxicity. Unexpectedly, elevated baseline creatinine levels appeared to be protective and this could be the result of careful use of vancomycin among individuals with relatively higher baseline creatinine values.
Significance of PHA Induced Clonogenic Cells in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Early Acute Myeloid Leukemia

A technique for cloning myeloblastic leukemic cells in semi-solid agar, after prior PHA stimulation, was studied in all phases of chronic myeloid leukemia.
Whittaker Models for Carayol Representations of GL N ( F )

Let F be a local non-Archimedean field with residual characteristic p and let G be the group of all invertible N × N matrices over F.
Machine Tango: An Interactive Tango Dance Performance

In Argentine tango, dancers typically respond to fixed musical recordings with improvised movements, each movement emerging in a wordless dialog between leader and follower. In the interactive work Machine Tango, this relation between dancers and music is inverted, enabling tango dancers to drive musical outcomes. Motion sensors are attached to dancer limbs, and their data is sent wirelessly to a computer, where algorithms turn the movement into sound. In doing so, the computer inserts itself in this on-going nonverbal conversation. Instead of traditional tango instruments such as the bandoneon, dancers generate and transform the sounds of typewriters and found sounds. System musical response to movement shifts during the dance, becoming more complex. The two dancers must navigate the resulting unstable musical structures as one body, responding with stylized tango movements. The difficulty of this task and the juxtaposition of the traditional with the experimental are integral to the performance aesthetic.
Reconstructions of Past Solar Variability

Spacecraft observations of present-day solar irradiance document variations at all wavelengths, on all measured time scales. Historical solar activity surrogates, and observations of Sunlike stars and of the Sun itself, provide circumstantial evidence for larger irradiance changes than have been observed thus far during a single, contemporary 11-year solar activity cycle. Reconstructions of past solar irradiance variations are needed to assess solar forcing of paleoclimate and to investigate the range of natural solar forcing that may potentially compete with anthropogenic effects in the future. Effort has focused primarily on reconstructing total (spectrally integrated) solar irradiance and, recently, the more variable ultraviolet (120 – 300 nm) spectrum during the past 400 years. Estimates of past solar variability amplitudes are obtained from knowledge of the wavelength-dependent effects on the present-day solar irradiance of dark sunspots and bright faculae, combined with mechanisms speculated to generate larger facular emission variability over longer time scales. Relative temporal variations in past irradiance are derived from solar activity proxy data such as the sunspot number. Reconstructions of past solar irradiance variability are compared with the 10Be and 14C cosmogenic isotope records.
Evaluation iontophoretic delivery of a cationic ketoprofen prodrug for treating nociceptive symptoms in monosodium iodoacetate induced osteoarthritic rat model

Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been used in treatment of osteoarthritis but their efficacy is marginal. One major reason is because of limited drug direct penetration to affected joint and muscle tissues from the topical application. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate a new topical treatment through enhancing the direct drug penetration to local muscle and joint tissues for improving topical treatment of osteoarthritis. A cationic prodrug, ketoprofen choline chloride (KCC) was synthesized for iontophoretic topical delivery. Anodal iontophoretic delivery of KCC and cathodal iontophoretic delivery of ketoprofen to the knee of live hairless rats were evaluated and the drug concentrations in the joint and muscle tissues over the time were determined. In addition, a knee osteoarthritis rat model was induced with intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate solution. Anodal iontophoretic delivery of KCC, cathodal iontophoretic delivery of ketoprofen, or anodal iontophoretic delivery of sodium chloride were applied to the affected knee joint of each rat group, respectively. Knee joint pain was evaluated through a hind paw weight bearing study and knee joint inflammation was evaluated through measuring of the knee diameter. Iontophoretic delivery of KCC showed much higher drug concentration in the knee joint and muscle tissues, compared to iontophoretic delivery of ketoprofen. Treatment of rat knee joint with anodal iontophoresis of KCC also showed significant pain relief and knee inflammation reduction comparing to the control group, while treatment results from cathodal iontophoresis of ketoprofen were mostly not significantly different from the control group.
The effect of relationship banking on firm efficiency and default risk

Abstract Does relationship bank oversight reduce firm default risk and improve firm operational efficiency? I find that a new loan from a relationship bank reduces the default probability and increases the efficiency of a borrowing firm, benefiting both banks and borrowers. Moreover, inefficient and less creditworthy firms experience the highest reductions in their default risks and improvements in their efficiencies in the years following new relationship bank loans. Further, these benefits are disrupted when the relationship bank is acquired.
The old terrorism: a dataset, 1860 – 1969

ABSTRACTSince the 9/11 terrorist attacks, research on terrorism has grown exponentially. Data limitations, however, have made temporal generalization difficult. Most terrorism datasets extend back ...