cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Robotic cardiac surgery by 2031.

Robotic cardiac surgery started in 1997 with the use of a simple, voice-activated, camera-positioning robot (Aesop™).1 Early mitral valve repairs were performed in Paris and Leipzig with use of a prototype of the da Vinci™ surgical system (Intuitive Surgical, Inc.; Sunnyvale, Calif). In the United States, our group purchased the first da Vinci system in 1999, and in 2000 we began robotic mitral valve trials that led to the approval of the system by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.2 Since then, our unit has performed nearly 700 robotic mitral valve repairs.3,4 This platform has been adopted, with excellent results, by several major centers that now have extensive experience.5 Up-to-date series have proved that durable, complex repairs can be made with acceptable perfusion and arrest times and with low mortality and complication rates. Robotic coronary surgery has not achieved the same level of success or adoption as has mitral valve surgery. Robotic coronary operations are more difficult to perform, and internal thoracic graft patency has not met the open-chest standard. Moreover, the development of efficient arterial connectors has not come to fruition. Finally, on-table graft patency is more difficult to determine with the use of transesophageal echocardiography than is the success of mitral surgery. Nevertheless, several centers perform robotic coronary surgery very well.6
Measurement of acoustic properties of breast tissue phantoms using ultrasound

Breast tissue phantoms will be created in order to measure their acoustic properties using ultrasound (US). This study could potentially further the development of US as a supplement or alternative to breast cancer screening techniques.
An Analysis Oftraining Budgets and Training Needs Assessments in Mid-Sized Hotels in the United States

Training for hotel employees is taking on greater importance with the advent of high performance work teams, the learning organization, and participative design. One hundred ninety-three hotels, representing all regions of the United States and ranging in size from 150 to 300 rooms, responded to this survey on training budgets and needs assessment. The data reveals that budgets are low and needs assess ments are poorly executed compared with other industries. Suggestions for the improvement of training programs in hotels include soliciting input from employees in the needs assessment process, and having employees set goals for performance improvement that supports organizational goals.
TLR8-mediated activation of human monocytes inhibits TL1A expression

TLR play important roles in inflammation and innate immune response to pathogens. TLR8 recognizes ssRNA and induces NF-kappaB via MyD88 signaling. TL1A is a member of the TNF superfamily that markedly enhances IFN-gamma production by IL-12/IL-18-stimulated peripheral and mucosal CD4(+) T cells. TL1A expression is increased in the mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease and is considered a key mediator of Crohn's disease (CD). We have previously shown that TL1A is strongly induced by immune complexes (IC) but not TLR ligands in antigen-presenting cells. However, a potential interaction between these pro-inflammatory signaling pathways has not been investigated. IC-induced TL1A expression of monocytes was potently inhibited by a TLR8 or TLR7/8 ligand (R848) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, when co-cultured with CD4(+) T cells, TLR8 ligands inhibited TL1A production, resulting in almost complete inhibition of IFN-gamma production by the CD4(+) T cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that IFN-alpha is not required for this suppressive effect by TLR8 signaling. Our data demonstrate for the first time a direct interaction between TLR and TL1A signaling pathways. TLR8 activation may be an important, novel pathway for targeted treatment of Th1-mediated diseases, such as CD.
EFFECT OF RISK PERSPECTIVE ON FERTILIZER CHOICE BY SHARECROPPERS

Abstract Peanut and corn are two major crops in the tri-state area of the southeast USA, an area encompassing north Florida, southwest Georgia, and southeast Alabama. Sharecroppers in this region apply higher amount of input in crop production than the average farmers. We analyzed the behavior of sharecroppers in this region with regard to their fertilizer application decisions. Two hypotheses were formulated and tested based on sharecroppers’ fertilizer application decisions: one assuming that sharecroppers are risk-averse farmers and the other assuming that sharecroppers are regret minimizers. Our results show that a sharecropper uses different fertilizer treatments when minimizing risk depending on risk perspective and desired income. Sharecroppers who apply more fertilizer to obtain a desired level of income are regret minimizers where as sharecroppers who apply relatively low fertilizer are risk minimizers. At the same desired level of income, a regret minimizer farmer would apply a higher amount of fertilizer than the risk-averse farmers. Our analysis revealed that sharecroppers in the southeast USA are regret minimizers as they apply a higher amount of fertilizer than an average farmer on the major crops grown in the region. The result of this study also confirms the result of a previous study in the region which reported that sharecroppers in the region are over capitalized and apply more fertilizer than average farmers.
Effect of intrinsic membrane conductances on Phase Resetting Curves in a conductance-based neuron model

It is well known that the magnitude and dynamics of a neuron’s membrane conductances influence the nature of its response to synaptic input [1]. However, the effect of specific membrane conductance values on the neuron’s response to perturbations (such as inhibitory synaptic input) has not yet been rigorously examined. In this work, we use a conductance-based model of a spontaneously bursting pyloric neuron of the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion (STG) to examine the relationship between intrinsic membrane conductances and neuronal output in response to perturbations. We describe the effect of these perturbations using a Phase Resetting Curve (PRC), which indicates the magnitude of the delay or advancement of a periodically bursting neuron’s trajectory along its limit cycle as a function of the perturbation’s timing [2]. The present study utilizes an existing database of single-compartment conductance-based model neurons [3] to determine the effects of specific membrane conductances on the shape of the PRC. The database consists of about 1.7 million model neurons, each of which was obtained by independently varying eight maximal conductances over six equally spaced possible values. PRCs for each of the bursting model neurons were obtained by simulating 1000 nS of inhibitory synaptic input at different phases of the rhythmic activity of each model neuron and measuring the resulting period change relative to the free-running burst period [3]. For all regularly bursting neurons with analyzable PRCs, we examined the effect of systematically varying each conductance upon specific features of the PRC, including the minimum delay, maximum delay, and neutral phase point. Increasing the leak conductance resulted in a decrease in magnitude of the minimum and maximum values of the PRC, indicating that the PRC was shifted toward smaller delays. We further saw that certain conductance pairs, including the hyperpolarization-activated and leak conductances, exhibit a correlation in model neuron populations with tightly constrained PRC attributes, suggesting that this conductance pair may aid in preserving PRC shape. Preliminary results also suggest that the effects of certain membrane conductances upon PRC shape are influenced by the magnitude of the synaptic input.
Design of a 54-bit adder using a modified Manchester carry chain

A new design based on a modified Manchester carry adder is presented. The modification provides bypass routes for the carry to propagate when the carry path through the chain is long. The computational speed received is quite high for high density codes. Much similar to carry look-ahead adders the bypass routes are activated through a series of group carries, in different levels, generated by a NAND/NOR tree network. It is shown that for a 54-bit adder the longest delay through the carry chain is equivalent to the delay through only 11 pass transistors. The algorithm is implemented for the design of a 54-bit adder using CMOS technology. >
GABAB receptor autoantibody frequency in service serologic evaluation

Objective: Small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and limbic encephalitis are recognized γ-aminobutyric acid-B receptor (GABA B R) autoantibody accompaniments. We sought to determine in a diagnostic serology laboratory the frequency and accompaniments (neurologic, oncologic, and serologic) of GABA B R–immunoglobulin G (IgG). Methods: We tested stored serum and CSF specimens from 3 patient groups for GABA B R-IgG by indirect immunofluorescence on mouse brain tissue and transfected HEK293 cells. Group 1 included 3,989 patients tested for GABA B R-IgG in service evaluation for suspected autoimmune encephalopathy. Group 2 included 49 patients with an unclassified CNS synaptic IgG detected (antedating descriptions of GABA B R autoantibody). Group 3 included 384 patients in whom ≥1 SCLC-predictive autoantibodies had been detected. Results: GABA B R-specific IgG was detected in 17 patients (serum, 14; CSF, 11). N-type calcium channel antibody coexisted with GABA B R-IgG in all seropositive patients of groups 1 and 2. In group 1, 7 of 3,989 patients were positive (0.2%). All had limbic encephalitis; 5 had SCLC. Four patients received immunotherapy and improved neurologically. In group 2, 5 of 49 patients were positive (10%). Three had limbic encephalitis, 1 had rapidly progressive encephalomyelopathy, and 1 had cerebellar ataxia. Two patients had SCLC and 1 had multiple myeloma. In group 3, 5 of 384 patients were positive (1.3%); titers were low (detected only by transfected cell assay). The neurologic presentations were diverse and attributable to coexisting T-cell-mediated autoimmunity (indicated by CRMP-5 IgG [2], ANNA-1 [2], and ANNA-3 [2]), rather than to GABA B R-IgG. Conclusion: GABA B R autoantibody is a marker of an uncommon but treatable paraneoplastic neurologic disorder, usually occurring in the setting of limbic encephalitis and SCLC.
False recall and false recognition induced by presentation of associated words: Effects of retention interval and level of processing

The effects of retention interval and level of processing on false recall and false recognition of associates were examined. False recall and false recognition were induced by presenting subjects with words closely associated with a nonstudied word. Both level of processing and retention interval affected false recall (Experiment 1) and false recognition (Experiment 2) in the same direction with which they affected accurate recall and accurate recognition. That is, semantically processed lists exhibited higher levels of later false recall and false recognition than did superficially processed lists. Furthermore, a decline in false recall and false recognition occurred across retention intervals of 0, 2, and 7 days. However, the decline in false recall and false recognition was less pronounced than the decline in accurate recall and accurate recognition. Results are consistent with source monitoring and fuzzy trace explanations of false recall and false recognition.
Emerging American Legal Responses to Workplace Bullying

This essay is an outgrowth of the author's participation in the Temple Political & Civil Rights Law Review’s February 2013 symposium, “Bullying: Redefining Boundaries, Responsibility, and Harm.” It builds upon the author's previous scholarship, legislative drafting and advocacy, and public education work concerning workplace bullying and the law. The piece includes a discussion of recent legal and policy developments, especially advocacy efforts in support of, and responses to, the Healthy Workplace Bill (HWB), anti-bullying legislation written by the author that serves as the template for bills introduced across the U.S. An appendix contains the latest model version of the HWB.
Clinical significance of PD-L1 protein expression on tumor-associated macrophages in lung cancer

Tumor PD-L1 expression is associated with increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in diverse solid tumors, including lung cancer. In addition, PD-L1 upregulation in tumor and/or stromal immune cells has been associated with increased clinical benefit to PD-1/PD-L1 axis blockers. The significance of PD-L1 expression in different immune cell subpopulations at the tumor microenvironment remains poorly understood. Here, we measured PD-L1 protein specifically in tumor-associated macrophages using objective methods and analyzed its clinical significance in human lung cancer.
On the Use of Feedback in Speech Production

Publisher Summary Little is actually known about how feedback is used in the control of movement, particularly skilled movement. However, progress in work on the control of movement in recent years has been accelerating, and movement control physiologists now offer a number of examples, hypotheses, and paradigms that are extremely interesting to speech physiologists. This chapter focuses primarily on the use of peripheral feedback in the control of speech production. The term, “orosensory” is used to mean the vocal-tract equivalent of somatosensory, that is, tactile and proprioceptive feedback from the vocal tract. The use of orosensory feedback is considered in two categories defined by whether the feedback operates in an on-line or off-line fashion. The expression, “on-line” refers to the feedback used in the direct, moment-to-moment control of movements in progress, whereas the term, “off-line” refers to the feedback used to help control programming of future movements.
Reciprocity in Elastodynamics: Reciprocity in one-dimensional elastodynamics

Introduction For practical purposes much interest exists in the analysis of wave motion in elastic bodies that are geometrically defined by one or two large length parameters and at least one small length parameter. Examples are plates, beams and rods. The exact treatment by analytical methods of wave motion in such structural components is often very difficult, if not impossible. For that reason several one- or two-dimensional models that provide approximate descriptions have been developed. These models are based on a priori assumptions with regard to the form of the displacements across the smaller dimension(s) of the component, generally in the cross-sectional area. For beams and rods the assumptions simplify the description of the kinematics to such an extent that the wave motions can be described by one-dimensional approximate theories. For the propagation of time-harmonic waves it was found that the approximate theories can account adequately for the dispersive behavior of at least the lowest mode of the exact solution over a limited but significant range of wavenumbers and frequencies. One of the best-known examples is the Bernoulli–Euler beam theory. In this simplest model for the description of flexural motions of beams of arbitrary but small uniform cross section with a plane of symmetry, it is assumed that the dominant displacement component is parallel to the plane of symmetry. It is also assumed that the deflections are small and that the cross-sectional area remains plane and normal to the neutral axis.
Growth of Burden in Federal and State Reporting.

This chapter provides context for understanding external reporting burdens and a brief examination of the ongoing shift in institutional reporting demands.
The Role of Higher Level Business Education in the Economic Development of Madagascar

The last 20 years have also seen a dramatic increase in the quantity and diversification of higher-education institutions in Madagascar. The first national university was set up in 1960, immediately after gaining independence from France. Currently, there are six national universities, one in each province, that provide a variety of specializations, including Law, Dentistry, and Oceanography. The University of Antananarivo is the largest institute of higher education in the country, with over 15,000 students enrolled . Public institutions represent only one portion of the supply of higher education in a system that can be divided into three sections: public, national universities; private universities; and non–traditional institutions of higher education. A perspective on the economy of Madagascar is needed before one can accurately determine the role of these institutions on economic growth. Largely agricultural, Madagascar’s economic activity is based in primarily on subsistence farming. This leaves a very small part of the workforce available for the sort of formal sector, secondary and tertiary employment for which these institutions provide training. As a result of this disparity, the role of schools like ISCAM, INSCAE, IMGAM, and CNTEMAD is questionable, and something that requires an analysis of their curriculums, the needs of the job market currently in Madagascar, and the way in which these institutions fit the government’s goals for poverty reduction. My objectives for this paper are to answer the following two questions: Is higher level business education a viable method for resolving the problem of poverty and helping the economic development of Madagascar? In what ways do these institutions fit with the needs of the development of Madagascar’s entire education system?
The Impact of Contraception on Lactation.

Use of hormonal contraception does not appear to shorten breastfeeding duration or negatively impact infant growth, based on inconsistent evidence of moderate quality. It is unclear if hormonal contraception negatively impacts breast milk volume or composition. Overall, there was limited evidence regarding any particular hormonal contraceptive method.
Note on the glycolytic coefficient

The glycolytic coefficient of a cell is expressed as a function of the external concentrations of glucose, lactic acid and oxygen. It is shown that this function has a smallest value when the external concentration of glucose is zero and a certain inequality between the external concentrations of lactic acid and of oxygen is satisfied.
The estrous cycle and splenic erythropoiesis in the mouse.

SummaryFerrokinetic and cytologic studies in female mice reveal that splenic eryth-ropoiesis is heightened during proestrus, estrus, and metestrus-1 as compared to met-estrus-2 and diestrus.
FAMULUS: A Reprint Classification System for the Research Scientist

Research scientists often maintain reprint files to expand and maintain knowledge within a particular sphere of interest. A positive correlation exists between creativity and scientists who frequently read scientific journals and maintain indexing systems (Maizell 1960). The differences in the principal objectives that control the classification systems used by libraries and retrieval services (Trauger et al. 1974) compared with that needed by a research scientist illustrate the need for a cataloging system that can be personally adapted to the scientist's own research objectives (Burton et al. 1969, Engelbart 1961). Unfortunately, most manual indexing systems are inefficient because they require too much time to create, maintain, and utilize. This need for increased efficiency stimulated the application of computer technology to bibliographic retrieval to aid the scientist in developing a viable reprint classification system (Durachta et al. 1965, Dwinell 1970, Lowry 1972, Yerke 1966, 1970).
Evidence of a Replete Caste in the Fire Ant Solenopsis invicta

About 3 years ago, we collected some workers and alates from a field colony of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren that had been fed soybean oil containing blue dye one year earlier, and gave a portion of the collection to Virgil Owens, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA, at Gulfport, Miss. Mr. Owens subsequently called to our attention that large amounts of a blue substance were visible in the crops of the largest major workers, in the crops and wing veins of alate females, and in the crops of a few minor workers. Indeed, the abdomens of these major workers were so distended that they could be easily picked out with the naked eye. Subsequent chemical tests showed that the substance was an oil-dye mixture, which was puzzling because the oil and dye would not have been present if normal food exchange, metabolism, and excretion had occurred after the initial feeding of the ants. The present paper reports the results of the studies we made of this phenomenon.
Triple Doppler wind lidar observations during the mountain terrain atmospheric modeling and observations field campaign

Coordinated triple Doppler wind lidars (DWLs) were employed during the Mountain Terrain Atmospheric Modeling and Observations (MATERHORN) program field campaign to observe turbulent winds in the mountain terrain atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The feasibility of observing large turbulent eddies was investigated by pointing three DWL at an intersecting probe volume adjoining a sonic anemometer mounted on the top of a meteorological tower. The time series and spectra of the sonic anemometer measurement were compared with the lidars. The lidar radial velocities closely followed those of the sonic anemometer, both in time and in the low frequency spectral domain, suggesting that the DWL technique is suitable for observing large turbulent eddies in the ABL. In addition, coordinated scanning triple DWL were used to directly measure the three-dimensional wind vectors, thus circumventing the assumptions required in using single or dual lidar deployments for full velocity measurements. The scanning triple lidar results were in satisfactory agreement with data from tower-based sonic anemometers. Notwithstanding, because of the difficulty of obtaining temporal and spatial synchronizations of the three lidars, the data were scant since a large amount of data had to be rejected in postprocessing. This difficulty is surmountable in the future by employing a robust control system for coordinated scanning.
Research on Optimal Schedule Strategy for Active Distribution Network

The optimal control strategy of the active distribution network(ADN)is the core technology to active management of distributed energy resources(DERs)and guarantee of economical and safe operation.This paper highlights an optimal schedule model for ADN on the basis of ADN and DERs features,whose purpose is minimum operation cost of a complete dispatching cycle by means of controllable DERs and tie-open switches,by considering the influence of electricity price variation at different times and the adjustment of tie-open switches position while ensuring energy conservation and capacity constraint of energy storage systems.In addition,an algorithm based on intelligent single particle optimizer(ISPO)is proposed to solve the optimal schedule strategy of ADN,which refreshes the vector position presentation and the position update process of the intelligent single particle.Finally,the case study results demonstrate the validity of the proposed optimal schedule model and its solution algorithm for ADN.
Of Models, Muddles, and Middles: Menippean Satire and Pynchon's V.

That V., The Crying of Lot 49, and Gravity's Rainbow contain satire, few-sensible Pynchon critics deny; that these fictions are satires, few dare to assert, for to do so would require the development of a useful methodological model of a genre whose theoretical and practical slipperiness is a matter of historical fact and critical embarrassment. Worse yet, to propose that Pynchon's texts are satires might also entail the corollary that Pynchon is a satirist, an uncomfortably singular and tropological assertion about this writer. For Pynchon has created such polymorphous fictions that a unitary generic identification would seem to be an exercise in Procrustean folly; furthermore, these fictions are too narratively unstable to justify the critical claim of moral superiority conventionally associated with satire. (Since the genre's inception, the satirist has been viewed as speaking from a privileged moral position.) Yet Pynchon's fictions are indeed satires--Menippean satires--and Pynchon is therefore, first and foremost, a satirist.
Genome Evolution’s Role in Developmental Evolution

The molecular basis of phenotypic and developmental evolution has captivated the interests and imaginations of generations of scientists. Since the majority of the diversity in the tree of life appears to be heritable, it is clear that the information for it must be encoded somewhere in the genome. But where? Recent technological advances have made whole genome approaches feasible and are allowing now for unprecedented views into the mysteries of genomic evolution.
ATCT-01PHASE II STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF RILOTUMUMAB AND BEVACIZUMAB (BEV) IN SUBJECTS WITH RECURRENT MALIGNANT GLIOMA (MG)

BACKGROUND: Prognosis of recurrent MG remains poor with a median survival of 3-11 months for patients on BEV-containing regimens. Few active evidence-based treatments are available & response rates have been <20% with a 6-month progression-free survival (PFS-6) of <9-15% for salvage therapy prior to treatment with BEV. BEV, an antibody to VEGF, is an active agent for recurrent MG with a PFS-6 of ∼40% & overall response rate of ∼21.2%. Rilotumumab is a human monoclonal antibody that blocks human hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) & its receptor c-Met. HGF/c-Met signaling plays a role in MG tumorgenicity inducing angiogenesis & expression of additional angiogenic autocrine factors such as VEGF. Combination of rilotumumab (c-Met inhibitor) with BEV to block vascular invasion & tumor proliferation may demonstrate synergistic tumor growth inhibition. METHODS: Subjects with recurrent BEV-naive MGs received rilotumumab at 20 mg/kg combined with BEV at 10 mg/kg every two weeks. MRI's were obtained after each 6-week cycle. Primary outcome, overall best response, was assessed using Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria. Secondary endpoints were PFS, overall survival (OS) & toxicity. RESULTS: 36 patients were accrued. 22(61%) were male, 75% were ≥50 years, 25% had ≥2 prior progressions. Objective response rate was 27.8% (95%CI: 15.7%,44.1%). Median follow-up on patients was 38.5 months. Median OS was 10.3 months (95%CI 7,16.6), & 6-month OS was 72.2% (95%CI: 54.5%,84%). Median PFS was 4.8 months (95%CI: 2.7,7.1), & PFS-6 was 41.7% (95%CI: 25.6%,57.0%). Treatment-related grade ≤2 events included weight gain, fatigue, allergic rhinitis, and voice alteration; grade ≥3 events involved 4(11%) patients with thrombolytic events including one patient death from pulmonary embolism. CONCLUSIONS: While rilotumumab in combination with BEV did not significantly improve objective response compared to BEV alone, consideration of the c-Met pathway for targeted therapy could be considered for further investigation.
Postscript: Teaching Composition

In 2000, my dear friend and colleague Mariolina Salvatori was appointed a Carnegie Scholar as part of a Carnegie Foundation initiative in support of “the scholarship of teaching and learning.” Mariolina has written extensively on pedagogy, past and present, and from her work with the Carnegie program crafted her own working definition of the “scholarship of teaching.” Frustrated by anecdotal accounts of the classroom (and the authority they have traditionally carried) and concerned about the limits of classroom observation (for example), she argues in a recent edition of the journal Pedagogy that the scholarship of teaching must be held to the same standards as other forms of scholarship in the field, that it must reconfigure teaching from an “amateur” to an “expert” activity, and, finally, that It needs to present teaching as intellectual work — work that can be theorized, work whose parameters and conditions of possibility can be analyzed as well as evaluated in accordance with formally articulated standards, work that is interpretable within a framework of disciplinary knowledge and modes of inquiry. (304)
Fracking the Code to Complete Revascularization

Key Points Provisional use of rotational atherectomy (RA) is indicated for procedural success in heavily calcified lesions. In the current study, RA use at three high volume percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) centers between 2005 and 2013 was 1.4%. MACE rate was 17.8% at median follow-up of 22 months. Peripheral vascular disease (PVD), diabetes mellitus (DM), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and SYNTAX > 23 were found to be independently associated with MACE. With increasing complexity of disease and SYNTAX score, there is usually an increase in severity of calcification and need for atherectomy. Complete revascularization with residual SYNTAX reduced to 33 rather than procedural success of the target vessel with atherectomy may have contributed to the adverse outcomes.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Silicon Nitride Thin Films: A Review of Recent Progress, Challenges, and Outlooks

With the continued miniaturization of devices in the semiconductor industry, atomic layer deposition (ALD) of silicon nitride thin films (SiNx) has attracted great interest due to the inherent benefits of this process compared to other silicon nitride thin film deposition techniques. These benefits include not only high conformality and atomic-scale thickness control, but also low deposition temperatures. Over the past 20 years, recognition of the remarkable features of SiNx ALD, reinforced by experimental and theoretical investigations of the underlying surface reaction mechanism, has contributed to the development and widespread use of ALD SiNx thin films in both laboratory studies and industrial applications. Such recognition has spurred ever-increasing opportunities for the applications of the SiNx ALD technique in various arenas. Nevertheless, this technique still faces a number of challenges, which should be addressed through a collaborative effort between academia and industry. It is expected that the SiNx ALD will be further perceived as an indispensable technique for scaling next-generation ultra-large-scale integration (ULSI) technology. In this review, the authors examine the current research progress, challenges and future prospects of the SiNx ALD technique.
Identifying Dynamics of Counseling Leadership: A Content Analysis Study

The authors synthesized counseling leadership literature to identify themes of counseling leadership. Using an inductive approach to content analysis, the authors analyzed 11 empirical articles, 9 conceptual articles, and 13 leadership profiles. Results yielded 24 emergent leadership themes that were sorted into 3 groups. Findings pave the way for more comprehensive research on counseling leadership and allow for increased intentionality in teaching, training, and practicing counseling leadership.
Bringing a genomic perspective to the safety of drug treatment in oncology.

This article describes the clinical relevance of toxicity of therapies administered to patients with cancer, putting the patient, rather than disease, at the center of the evaluation of safety of anti-cancer therapy. Hence, the implications of adverse events are described from the patient perspective, focusing on the impact of patient safety on quality of life and efficacy of treatment. Issues revolving around other types of safety, such as financial toxicity, are also discussed. The role played by genetics in the assessment of a patient’s risk of adverse events is also discussed, both in relation to the potential of genomic research and in the context of current tools of fruition in clinical care.
Statistical Aspects of Sound Propagation in the Ocean

A tutorial review of sound propagation in a random ocean is presented, with emphasis on the oceanography and the statistics of received signals. The list of references should help the reader who wishes to investigate further specific aspects of the problem.
Socially responsible innovation in health care: Cycles of actualization

Abstract This paper seeks to theorize the mechanism by which socially responsible innovation can provide high quality care for patients within the U.S. health care system. By analyzing three exemplary case studies of health care innovation using content analysis, we reveal the mechanism for socially responsible innovation and also suggest places for future implementation. Socially responsible innovation has already taken place in India through design problem solving (at Aravind Eye Care System), and in the United States through both the Chronic Care Model (across hundreds of hospitals), and Lean Management™ principles (at ThedaCare in Wisconsin). Unlike previous theories of organizational learning such as incrementalism and design problem solving, socially responsible innovation puts the patient at the center of systemic health care solutions. Also unlike previous definitions of socially responsible innovation, our conceptualization provides a mechanism for practical application. When analyzing the three exemplary cases of socially responsible innovation, we drew out elements of previous mechanisms of organizational learning (e.g., psychological safety, trial and error, and positive applied theory, etc.) to create a novel reflective mechanism: cycles of actualization. This new reflective mechanism promotes continuous development and implementation of ideal models of practice. Finally, this paper suggests that medical waste management could benefit from socially responsible innovation. If the U.S. health care system adopted socially responsible innovation, facilities could think more holistically about their duties, enacting patient-centered change, and creating a culture of medicine that promotes learning, reflection, and action.
Self-efficacy of teaching engineering: Does TEK8 help or hinder?

Integrating engineering into K-12 classrooms is gaining considerable attention. With new standards, such as the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), that require the incorporation of engineering through design into the K-12 curriculum, it is essential that opportunities be provided to those teaching in K-12 to aid in appropriate integration. Translating Engineering Research to K-8 (TEK8) addresses this need through a summer research experience followed by a fall semester course that accomplishes K-12 outreach related to the research. While the course seems to increase interest related to integrating engineering into K-12 classrooms, we are interested in extending this analysis to understand impacts on self-efficacy. Specifically, we sought to answer the following research question, “How do participants' self-efficacy towards teaching engineering change over a semester?” To frame this investigation, we conceptualized self-efficacy as one's belief in their own ability to teach engineering design challenges in the K-12 context.
The role of value in the attentional boost effect

Focusing attention on one item typically interferes with the ability to process other information. Yet, target detection can both facilitate memory for items paired with the target (the attentional boost effect) and increase the perceived value of those items (cued approach). Because long-term memory is better for valuable items than for neutral items, we asked whether the attentional boost effect is due to changes in the perceived value of items that are paired with targets. In three experiments, participants memorised a series of briefly presented images that depicted valuable (e.g., food) or neutral (e.g., children's toys) items. Whenever an item appeared, a square flashed in its centre. Participants pressed a button if the square was a target colour but not if it was a distractor colour. Consistent with previous research, target-paired items were remembered better than distractor-paired items and were rated as more valuable. Importantly, if memory for target-paired items is enhanced because they increased in perceived value, then valuable items should have been better remembered than neutral items. However, we found no evidence that value enhanced memory for the items in this task. Thus, it is unlikely that the attentional boost effect is due to changes in perceived value.
Studying the Role of Humans in the Traceability Loop

This chapter focuses on semi-automated tracing and the challenges and opportunities that it presents to traceability researchers and practitioners The chapter compares three tracing scenarios: manual, fully automated, and semi-automated. Related work in the area of semi-automated tracing is examined. In addition, the chapter presents a discussion of research questions that must be addressed in order to enhance our understanding of what constitutes the “best” automated tracing methods.
PrinTracker: Fingerprinting 3D Printers using Commodity Scanners

As 3D printing technology begins to outpace traditional manufacturing, malicious users increasingly have sought to leverage this widely accessible platform to produce unlawful tools for criminal activities. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to identify the origin of unlawful 3D printed products using digital forensics. Traditional countermeasures, including information embedding or watermarking, rely on supervised manufacturing process and are impractical for identifying the origin of 3D printed tools in criminal applications. We argue that 3D printers possess unique fingerprints, which arise from hardware imperfections during the manufacturing process, causing discrepancies in the line formation of printed physical objects. These variations appear repeatedly and result in unique textures that can serve as a viable fingerprint on associated 3D printed products. To address the challenge of traditional forensics in identifying unlawful 3D printed products, we present PrinTracker, the 3D printer identification system, which can precisely trace the physical object to its source 3D printer based on their fingerprint. Results indicate that PrinTracker provides a high accuracy using 14 different 3D printers. Under unfavorable conditions (e.g. restricted sample area, location and process), the PrinTracker can still achieve an acceptable accuracy of 92%. Furthermore, we examine the effectiveness, robustness, reliability and vulnerabilities of the PrinTracker in multiple real-world scenarios.
On the Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Class-Discriminating Functional Networks

We target the problem of identifying brain's functional networks that are discriminatory across classes of tasks, using data obtained through electroencephalography (EEG). A three-step framework is presented. First, the EEG data is segmented to identify the intervals during which cortical functional networks remain quasi-stationary. Second, these functional networks are spatially localized in the cortex. Finally, by employing the proposed discriminative Boolean matrix factorization (DBMF) algorithm, functional networks that are most recurrent in one class of tasks, but are least recurrent in the other are identified. The DBMF algorithm is capable of providing the spatial maps of the discriminative functional networks as well as information about their dynamic occurrence over time. The framework is applied to experimental EEG data, recorded during a motor task. The results show that the proposed framework identifies several parietal/motor functional networks as being the most discriminatory for motor execution trials from non-execution trials.
Simplified Autoinducing Peptide Mimetics with Single-Nanomolar Activity Against the Staphylococcus aureus AgrC Quorum Sensing Receptor.

Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections worldwide, and cases of community-acquired infections are becoming more prevalent. The production of numerous virulence factors in S. aureus is under the control of the accessory gene regulator (agr) quorum sensing (QS) system. S. aureus upregulates agr at high cell density by secreting a peptide pheromone, or autoinducing peptide (AIP), which is detected by its cognate transmembrane receptor, AgrC. The extracellular AIP binding site of AgrC represents an attractive target for inhibition of the agr system and, thereby, QS-controlled virulence in S. aureus. Nonnative peptides and, more recently, peptidomimetics have been reported to inhibit the AgrC receptor and represent useful chemical tools to study the role of QS in S. aureus infections. We seek to expand beyond peptide-like scaffolds to generate AgrC modulators with enhanced stability, solubility, and synthetic accessibility relative to these compounds, while maintaining their hi...
Intangibles: A Puffing of the Wares?

This paper examines the issue of perceived value generated by the assignment of financial value to intangibles in financial reporting. In particular, values assigned to goodwill and other intangibles in mergers and acquisitions are examined, and the impact of such intangible valuations as a potential misperception/misdirection as to true underlying entity value is examined. Keywords: Accounting Principles Board (APB), Accounting Standards Codification (ASC), American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), fair market value (FMV), goodwill, Gordian Knot, growth, impairment, intangibles, market share, mergers and acquisitions (M&A), profits, profit maximization, U.S. Securities Exchange Commission (SEC), sustainability, tangibles.
The Impact of Biophysical Techniques on the Small Molecule Drug Discovery Process

w1-3 Biophysical analysis impacts speed and quality when applied to the small molecule discovery cascade by identifying better leads from screening campaigns providing more insight into inhibitor binding. Benefits include: 1) defining inhibitor binding stoichiometry 2) characterizing binding kinetics (kon/koff) 3) validating biochemical assays (KD vs Ki) 4) fine mapping of the molecular underpinnings of binding. The value of biophysical data may be offset by the intensive nature of acquisition. Therefore the impact of biophysical studies can be maximized when applied at key stages in the discovery process. Generally, this at the extremes of high and low affinity where automated screening methods are at their technical limit. Practical examples including, characterization of a XIAP BIR3 mutant for fragment based drug discovery and the VEGF Receptor-2 juxtramembrane on inhibition by Axitinib will be discussed.
SGD without Replacement: Sharper Rates for General Smooth Convex Functions

We study stochastic gradient descent {\em without replacement} (\sgdwor) for smooth convex functions. \sgdwor is widely observed to converge faster than true \sgd where each sample is drawn independently {\em with replacement} \cite{bottou2009curiously} and hence, is more popular in practice. But it's convergence properties are not well understood as sampling without replacement leads to coupling between iterates and gradients. By using method of exchangeable pairs to bound Wasserstein distance, we provide the first non-asymptotic results for \sgdwor when applied to {\em general smooth, strongly-convex} functions. In particular, we show that \sgdwor converges at a rate of $O(1/K^2)$ while \sgd is known to converge at $O(1/K)$ rate, where $K$ denotes the number of passes over data and is required to be {\em large enough}. Existing results for \sgdwor in this setting require additional {\em Hessian Lipschitz assumption} \cite{gurbuzbalaban2015random,haochen2018random}. For {\em small} $K$, we show \sgdwor can achieve same convergence rate as \sgd for {\em general smooth strongly-convex} functions. Existing results in this setting require $K=1$ and hold only for generalized linear models \cite{shamir2016without}. In addition, by careful analysis of the coupling, for both large and small $K$, we obtain better dependence on problem dependent parameters like condition number.
A Quantitative Molecular Atlas for Interactions Between Lignin and Cellulose

Lignin and cellulose are two of the most abundant polymers on Earth and are found in close proximity within plant cell walls. Despite their ubiquity, relatively little is known quantitatively about...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis enters macrophages with aid from a bacterial lipid

In the paper titled “The conical shape of DIM lipids promotes Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of macrophages” in PNAS, Augenstreich et al. (1) report on molecular mechanisms underlying the virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria ( Mtb ) expressing phthiocerol dimycocerosate (DIM), a well-known constituent in the cell wall of Mtb (2⇓–4). A critical step of tuberculosis (TB) infection is uptake of the foreign Mtb into macrophages, in particular, the macrophages of lung tissue where Mtb may survive for extended periods of time (5⇓–7). Macrophages recognize bacteria by their surface proteins and glycolipids. Attachment of Mtb to the surface is followed by entry via endocytosis and formation of a phagosome, a liposome inside the macrophage containing the extrinsic bacterium (8). Rates of uptake by endocytosis are limited by rates of fusion events at the plasma membrane of macrophages. Augenstreich et al. … [↵][1]1Email: klausg{at}mail.nih.gov. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
A Novel Curriculum to Facilitate Career Choice in an Accelerated Medical Education Program.

INTRODUCTION Various specialties face the challenge of resident attrition. Trainees may withdraw due to several factors, including lack of adequate exposure to the specialty prior to joining the program. Making career choices becomes more challenging and stressful for students in an accelerated curriculum. METHODS The authors created and piloted a novel early clinical course: Specialty Longitudinal Integrated Clinical Experience (SPLICE), which provides an opportunity for clinical enrichment and early career exploration in an accelerated medical education program. RESULTS Initial evaluation by student and faculty demonstrate the curriculum's feasibility and acceptability. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Further implementation of the curriculum and long-term assessment is needed to determine its impact on career decisions and residency retention.
Coordinate system requirements to determine motions of the tibiofemoral joint free from kinematic crosstalk errors.

Abstract The relative rigid body motions between the femur and the tibia (termed tibiofemoral kinematics) during flexion activities can provide an objective measure of knee function. Clinically meaningful tibiofemoral kinematics are defined as the six relative rigid body motions expressed in a joint coordinate system where the motions about and along the axes conform to clinical definitions and are free from kinematic crosstalk errors. To obtain clinically meaningful tibiofemoral kinematics, coordinate systems must meet certain requirements which neither have been explicitly stated nor in fact satisfied in any previous publication known to the author. Starting with the joint coordinate system of Grood and Suntay (1983) where motions conform to clinical definitions, the body-fixed axes must correspond to the functional (i.e. actual) axes in flexion-extension and internal-external axial rotation to avoid kinematic crosstalk errors in rotations and both functional axes must be body-fixed throughout knee flexion. To avoid kinematic crosstalk errors in translations, the origins of the femoral and tibial Cartesian coordinate systems, which serve as stepping stones for computing translations, must lie on the functional body-fixed axes. Neither the paper by Grood and Suntay nor the ISB recommendation (Wu et al., 2002) which adopted the joint coordinate system of Grood and Suntay explains these requirements. Indeed meeting these requirements conflicts with the ISB recommendation thus indicating the need for revision to this recommendation. Future studies where clinically meaningful tibiofemoral kinematics are of interest should be guided by the requirements described herein.