cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Timing of sympathetic innervation affects growth of myocardium in oculo.

The effects of sympathetic innervation on myocardial growth during the proliferative and hypertrophic phases of cardiac growth were examined with the use of embryonic day 12 whole hearts or ventricles cultured in the anterior eye chamber of adult rats for 8 wk. Sympathetic innervation of whole heart and ventricular grafts was prevented by removing the superior cervical ganglion 1 wk before grafting or was limited to the cellular proliferation phase of growth by superior cervical ganglionectomy after grafts had been in oculo for 4 wk. Grafts in sympathetically innervated eye chambers were significantly larger than grafts in eye chambers denervated at 4 wk and grafts in eye chambers sympathectomized 1 wk before grafting. Innervation of grafts was delayed until 5-6 wk in oculo by crushing the internal carotid nerve. Delayed innervation produced grafts that were as large as those in innervated eye chambers. Together, these experiments suggest that the effects of sympathetic innervation on myocardial growth in oculo are most apparent during the second 4 wk in oculo (i.e., during the cellular enlargement phase of growth.
Near-optimal protocols in complex nonequilibrium transformations

The development of sophisticated experimental means to control nanoscale systems has motivated efforts to design driving protocols that minimize the energy dissipated to the environment. Computational models are a crucial tool in this practical challenge. We describe a general method for sampling an ensemble of finite-time, nonequilibrium protocols biased toward a low average dissipation. We show that this scheme can be carried out very efficiently in several limiting cases. As an application, we sample the ensemble of low-dissipation protocols that invert the magnetization of a 2D Ising model and explore how the diversity of the protocols varies in response to constraints on the average dissipation. In this example, we find that there is a large set of protocols with average dissipation close to the optimal value, which we argue is a general phenomenon.
Design and Implementation of Reservoir Scheduling Information Dynamic Analysis and Query System Based on GIS

GIS technology has been widely used in reservoir scheduling automation area.This study extends the existing waterpower scheduling GIS application.It realized not only basic functions such as: reservoir scheduling information real-time dynamics monitoring,historical data query,etc.,but also functions such as: forming rainfall contour map generated coloring,coloring maps and dynamic evolution of regional surface rainfall,random regional area calculation,regional rainfall and surface water statistics,and other spatial analysis statistical functions.Finally,the system design and implementation difficulties,and highlights key technology system are described in the paper.
Activation of Raf-1/MEK-1/2/p42/44(MAPK) cascade alone is sufficient to uncouple LDL receptor expression from cell growth.

Our previous observation that induction of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor expression by a variety of extracellular signals is blocked by PD98059, a specific mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor, led to the suggestion that the growth-responsive p42/44MAPK cascade plays a critical role in regulating LDL receptor transcription. To analyze the specific contribution of the p42/44MAPK cascade in regulating cell growth and LDL receptor induction, we established a HepG2-derived cell line that stably expresses an inducible form of oncogenic human Raf-1 kinase. Using this system, we provide direct evidence that specific activation of this cascade alone is not only required but is sufficient to fully induce LDL receptor expression. Interestingly, degree of p42/44MAPK activation determines the extent of LDL receptor induction. However, activation of p42/44MAPK in the above cells led to the inhibition of DNA synthesis, caused growth arrest, decrease in cyclin A and upregulation of p21Cip expression in a time-dependent manner. These results suggest that each of these two processes can be regulated independently of each other in response to p42/44MAPK activation. Thus, extent of p42/44MAPK activation may be important in transducing divergent cellular responses in human cells with implications for altered signaling resulting in hypercholesterolemia.
Vasculitis in children.

Reviewed herein are the major types of vasculitis affecting children, including Henoch-Schonlein purpura, necrotizing vasculitis of small vessels, Kawasaki's disease, and, less commonly, classic polyarteritis nodosa, Wegener's granulomatosis, Churg Strauss syndrome, and lymphomatoid granulomatosis. The clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and suspected etiologies and pathogenic mechanisms for each entity are discussed.
Absence of visual discrimination by female eastern newts during mate selection

Male eastern newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) exhibit tremendous variation in several characteristics, including the number of dorsal spots, the brightness of those spots, tail depth and tail length. These traits could be used by females for mate selection decisions. We conducted two experiments to determine whether females use visual signals to assess these characteristics in their mate selection decisions by simultaneously exposing a female to males of opposing characteristics. We observed female preference for the number of spots on a male’s dorsum, the brightness of male dorsal spots, male body mass, and male tail depth and length. We then recorded the amount of time the female spent in a preference zone adjacent to each of the males. Female newts did not show a significant preference for any of the characteristics observed, spending roughly equal amounts of time in both preference zones. These results, combined with the results of several previous studies, suggest that female eastern newts do not us...
Postfeminist Motherhood?: Reading a Differential Deployment of Identity in American Women’s HIV Narratives

The deployment of motherhood as a centralizing identity is evident in the narratives of women living with HIV. This deployment creates new affective landscapes within which HIV can be understood. This chapter compares the deployment of motherhood in two HIV memoirs and argues that motherhood can function as both a tactic for social justice claims and a white supremacist claim to affective citizenship. HIV motherhood, it turns out, is neither simple nor postfeminist, as Tasha Dubriwny and others have claimed. In a discussion of women’s health activism and advocacy, Dubriwny argues that the social justice goals of the late-twentieth-century women’s health movement have been abandoned in favor of neoliberal and postfeminist agendas. Dubriwny argues that this utilization of motherhood for the purpose of women’s health advocacy is not only a simplification of the complex experience of illness, but a reification of traditional gender norms. Unlike Dubriwny, this chapter argues that the deployment of motherhood in HIV narratives is actually not a simplification of women’s experience with illness, particularly if these narratives are read for the differential deployment of identity in relation to racist, classist, sexist, heterosexist, and ableist oppression.
A parallel discontinuous Galerkin/cohesive-zone computational framework for the simulation of fracture in shear-flexible shells

Abstract We propose a computational framework for the simulation of deformation and fracture in shells that is well suited to situations with widespread damage and fragmentation due to impulsive loading. The shell is modeled with a shear-flexible theory and discretized with a discontinuous Galerkin finite element method, while fracture is represented with a cohesive zone model on element edges. A key feature of the method is that the underlying shear-flexible shell theory enables the description of transverse shear fracture modes, in addition to the in-plane and bending modes accessible to Kirchhoff–Love thin shell formulations. This is especially important for impulsive loading conditions, where shear-off failure near stiffeners and supports is common. The discontinuous Galerkin formulation inherits the scalability properties demonstrated previously for large-scale simulation of fracture in solids, while avoiding artificial elastic compliance issues that are common in other cohesive model approaches. We demonstrate the ability of the framework to capture the transverse shear fracture mode through numerical examples, and the parallel computation capabilities of the method through the simulation of explosive decompression of the skin of a full-scale passenger aircraft fuselage.
Gaseous Diffusion Cells

The removal of carbon dioxide and other noxious vapors from the life-support system of a spacecraft is a formidable problem in manned space exploration. This is particularly true for flights of long duration, and in those instances when a significant number of astronauts are involved in the flight. Of the several different systems proposed, the gaseous diffusion, or permeability, process incorporates three attractive features.
Is the Relationship between Short Interpregnancy Interval and Preterm Birth Related to a Short Cervix

Objective Our objective was to determine if the relationship between interpregnancy interval (IPI) and preterm delivery was related to cervical shortening. Methods This is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study designed to assess the relationship between cervical length (CL) and preterm delivery. Multiparous patients, who had transvaginal CLs obtained at 22 to 24 weeks and complete pregnancy outcome data available were included. The women were divided into two groups: Group 1 with an IPI of ≤ 1 year and Group 2 with an IPI of > 1 year. The primary outcome was short cervix (CL < 2.5 cm) at 24 weeks. The secondary outcome was the incidence of preterm delivery < 37 weeks. Interaction between short cervix and IPI was examined in a regression model. Results There were 155 women in Group 1 and 328 women in Group 2. There was no difference in the incidence of short cervix between groups (10.0% in Group 1 and 12.9% in Group 2, p = 0.35). In a logistic regression model, short IPI and short cervix were independently associated with preterm birth. Conclusion The relationship between short IPI and preterm birth is not explained by a short cervix. They remain independent risk factors for preterm birth.
Stabilization of Iron-Based Catalysts against Oxidation: An In Situ Ambient-Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (AP-XPS) Study

Stabilization of base metals at low oxidation state is of vital importance in their application as heterogeneous catalysts, especially in the presence of water. In this work, addition of a small amount of Pd on Fe surface was found to provide a remarkable enhancement of its stability in hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of m-cresol. The deactivation of Fe catalyst and the effect of Pd on the stability of Fe were uncovered with an in situ ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The deactivation is attributed to oxidation of the catalytic active metallic Fe during reaction, while Pd addition limits the steady-state coverage of oxidized Fe on the surface.
Network-attached FPGAs for data center applications

FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) are making their way into data centers (DC). They are used as accelerators to boost the compute power of individual server nodes and to improve the overall power efficiency. However, this approach limits the number of FPGAs per node and hinders the acceleration of large-scale distributed applications.
Measuring Legal Quality

This paper provides an overview of the purposes for quality benchmarks of legal work, and related formalisms and their properties.
Dust off Those Encyclopedias: Using Reference Sources to Teach the ACRL Framework Concepts

What if the ideal tools for teaching undergraduate students the most critical information literacy concepts have been sitting in the stacks all along collecting dust? Reference sources are an optim...
The Combined Effect of Cold and Moisture on Manual Performance.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the combined effect of cold and moisture on manual performance and tactile sensitivity.BackgroundPeople working in the ocean environment often perf...
Surgical weight loss as a life-changing transition: The impact of interpersonal relationships on post bariatric women.

Abstract Surgical Weight Loss as A Life-changing Transition: The Impact of Interpersonal Relationships on Post-Bariatric Women Background Although women account for 80% of patients having bariatric surgery (BS), the complex psychosocial mechanisms that accompany this transformation process have not been well established. Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the lived experience of women transitioning in their interpersonal relationships post BS. Methods A semi-structured interview with four questions was used. Six women, from six to 12 months post BS, were interviewed. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Main Findings By seeking support systems prior to undergoing BS, adequate social support was received during their recovery period. Attending bariatric support group meetings and using social media were significant to these women’s satisfactory recovery. Relationship adjustments were sometimes needed, but overall these women established fulfilling social lives. Within the first year post bariatric surgery, women began to gain emotional strength and inspire others to lose weight as well. Conclusions By inquiring about the psychosocial concerns of women who have undergone BS, healthcare providers can provide a more practical wellness plan.
Paediatric lateral condyle fractures: a systematic review

Lateral condyle fractures of the humerus are common paediatric fractures. However, no conclusive statement has been made about their risk of complications, the management and epidemiology. A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. All studies with paediatric lateral condyle fracture were included, with 2440 children. Most fractures had union, with 0.9% delayed union, 1.6% non-union and 1.5% malunion. Complications included valgus deformities (6.1%), varus deformities (7.8%), flexion loss (9.7%), extension loss (11.5%), prominent lateral condyle (27.3%), fishtail deformity (14.3%), avascular necrosis (1.7%), premature epiphyseal closure (5.4%) and neurological deficits (10.6%). Risk factors of complications include concomitant ipsilateral upper limb fractures, classification by Milch or Jakob, fracture displacement, fixation device, and inappropriate diagnosis and management. It is recommended for fractures that are non-displaced on all radiographic views to be managed conservatively, while displaced fractures of > 2 mm requires surgical intervention. Minimally displaced fractures could be treated conservatively, though follow-up is recommended to detect displacement. Radiographs are also recommended at 1-week follow-up, with serial radiographs having no clinical significance. Kirschner wires or lag screws could be employed, and it is recommended that the Kirschner wires be left exposed and removed when there is clinical and radiographic evidence of fracture consolidation, typically at the 6-week interval. These fractures need close follow-up.
Effects of nanoscale thickness and elastic nonlinearity on measured mechanical properties of polymeric films

Scanning probe microscope-enabled nanoindentation is increasingly reported as a means to assess the mechanical properties of nanoscale, compliant material volumes such as polymeric films and bio-membranes. It has been demonstrated experimentally that the Hertzian contact model developed for linear elastic materials of semi-infinite thickness fails to accurately predict the nominal elastic modulus E for polymeric thin films, consistent with limitations identified for comparably rigid metal and ceramic thin films. Here we employ computational simulations based on experimental parameters for compliant polyelectrolyte films, in order to separate limitations of such analysis due to the finite material thickness from those due to nonlinear constitutive relations approximating polymer deformation. We thus identify the range of strains, strain rates, and material thickness for which a modified Hertzian solution can accurately predict the elastic stiffness of polymeric films of nanoscale (b100nm) thickness from scanning probe microscope-enabled nanoindentation experiments.
Impact of Rodenticides on the Coagulation Properties of Milk

In this study, we investigated the impact of the rodenticides (strychnine, bromadiolone, and brodifacoum) on milk pH, rennet coagulation time (RCT), and coagulum strength. Sub-lethal amounts of strychnine and bromadiolone produced an unnaturally large change in milk pH, compared to brodifacoum and brodifacoum on milk coagulation properties. All three studied rodenticides significantly affected RCT and coagulum strength. The presence of sub-lethal amounts of each individual rodenticide increased RCT by an overall mean of 17% (p < 0.001). Rodenticide contamination decreased coagulum strength by an overall mean of 26% (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that such changes could be noticeable at the farm, thus, potentially averting the mixture of contaminated milk with the tanker supply, and preventing downstream distribution to consumers.
O Atlântico negro encontra o Oceano Índico: gerando novos paradigmas para um transnacionalismo do Sul Global – Perspectivas Literárias e Culturais

Com a recente virada transnacional nas ciencias humanas e sociais, as questoes relacionadas ao translocalismo passaram a dominar a agenda academica. Os estudos da Africa Austral orientados por perspetivas transnacionais basearam-se, geralmente, no modelo do Atlântico negro. Este artigo defende que e preciso complementar essa perspectiva com um engajamento sistematico com o Oceano Indico. O artigo descreve as principais tradicoes historiograficas associadas ao Oceano Indico, para realcar o modo como esses temas desafiam os pressupostos teorizados anteriormente com base no modelo do Atlântico negro. Na parte final do artigo, defende-se que a inclusao do Oceano Indico na cartografia da Africa do Sul ampliaria os mapas dos estudos culturais e literarios desse pais.
Literary Pedagogy in Nursing: A Theory-Based Perspective.

Using fictional and autobiographical literature in nursing education is a primary way of understanding patients' lived experiences and fostering development of essential relational and reflective thinking skills. Application of literary theory to this pedagogic practice can expand conceptualization of teaching goals, inform specific teaching strategies, and potentially contribute to socially consequential educational outcomes. This article describes a theoretical schema that focuses on pedagogical goals in terms of the three related skills (i.e., reading, interpretation, criticism) of textual competence.
Dynamic evolution of the soil pore size distribution and its connection to soil management and biogeochemical processes

Abstract Soil properties are determined by a complex arrangement of pores, particles, and aggregates, which may change in time as a result of both ecohydrological dynamics and land management processes. The soil pore size distribution (PSD), which typically is treated as a static component, is a key determinant of soil properties, and its accurate representation has the potential to improve hydrological and crop models. Following previous work by Or et al. (2000), a modeling framework is proposed for the time evolution of the PSD which takes into account processes such as tillage, consolidation, and changes in organic matter. A time-varying power law PSD is obtained as the solution of a special form of transport equation for the PSD, parameterized using data from the literature to capture, in a parsimonious and efficient manner, the changes in the PSD as a result of the soil processes considered. Alterations in soil properties brought about by tillage, consolidation, and organic matter are then discussed. The potential benefit of this method for determining soil properties over the more widely used pedotransfer functions (PTF) is that it allows for the history of the soil, rather than only its present state, to be taken into account when estimating soil properties, and it does so in a physically consistent manner, leading to the widely used power law expression for soil properties with few parameters.
Simulation to Success: Treatment of a 3D Printed Heart Before Complex Systemic Venous Baffle Intervention

Abstract Three-dimensional imaging and printed heart models have become increasingly valuable in the management of patients with complex congenital heart disease. We successfully simulated a stenting procedure on a 3-dimensional printed model of a patient with d-transposition of the great arteries status post-Mustard operation with caval baffle atresia and stenosis. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.)
The weakly nonlinear response and nonaffine interpretation of the Johnson–Segalman/Gordon–Schowalter model

We derive new analytical solutions for the nonaffine Johnson–Segalman/Gordon–Schowalter (JS/GS) constitutive equation with a general relaxation kernel in medium-amplitude oscillatory shear (MAOS) deformation. The results show time-strain separable (TSS) nonlinearity, therefore providing new physically meaningful interpretation to the heuristic TSS nonlinear parameter in MAOS [Martinetti and Ewoldt, Phys. Fluids 31, 021213 (2019)]. The upper-convected, lower-convected, and corotational Maxwell models are all subsets of the results presented here. The model assumes that the microscale elements causing stress in the material slip compared to the continuum deformation. We introduce a visualization of the nonaffine deformation field that acts on stress-generating elements to reinforce the physical interpretation of the JS/GS class of models. Finally, a case study is presented where previously published results, from fitting TSS models to MAOS data, can be reinterpreted based on the concept of nonaffine motion of the JS/GS framework.
Local Radiation Magnetohydrodynamic Instabilities in Magnetically Stratified Media

We study local radiation magnetohydrodynamic instabilities in static, optically thick, vertically stratified media with constant flux mean opacity. We include the effects of vertical gradients in a horizontal background magnetic field. Assuming rapid radiative diffusion, we use the zero gas pressure limit as an entry point for investigating the coupling between the photon bubble instability and the Parker instability. Apart from factors that depend on wavenumber orientation, the Parker instability exists for wavelengths longer than a characteristic wavelength λtran, while photon bubbles exist for wavelengths shorter than λtran. The growth rate in the Parker regime is independent of the orientation of the horizontal component of the wavenumber when radiative diffusion is rapid, but the range of Parker-like wavenumbers is extended if there exists strong horizontal shear between field lines (i.e., horizontal wavenumber perpendicular to the magnetic field). Finite gas pressure introduces an additional short-wavelength limit to the Parker-like behavior, and also limits the growth rate of the photon bubble instability to a constant value at short wavelengths. We also consider the effects of differential rotation with accretion disk applications in mind. Our results may explain why photon bubbles have not yet been observed in recent stratified shearing box accretion disk simulations. Photon bubbles may physically exist in simulations with high radiation to gas pressure ratios, but higher spatial resolution will be needed to resolve the asymptotically growing unstable wavelengths.
Exogenous leptin promotes reproductive behavior during aphagia in red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis).

Abstract Despite the established dichotomy between investment in either reproduction or self-maintenance, a hormonal mechanism that influences an organism's decision to prioritize these behaviors remains elusive. The protein hormone leptin is a likely candidate because it is secreted from adipocytes in proportion to the amount of stored fat in numerous species. Although the majority of studies suggest that leptin stimulates reproduction, the actions of leptin can be context-dependent. Leptin increases sexual behavior in fed individuals, but inhibits sexual behavior in food-restricted individuals. We investigated if exogenous leptin influences sexual behavior in red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) experiencing a predictable bout of aphagia during the mating season. We tested two doses of recombinant murine leptin injected for three days. Males were subjected to three mating trials, one on each day of injections, while females were subjected to one mating trial on the last day of injections. Leptin affects male and female snakes similarly by increasing both appetitive (i.e., mating behavior score) and consummatory (i.e., number of copulations, proportion of individuals copulated) sex behavior. We found no evidence to suggest that leptin influenced latency to copulate or duration of copulation. Because leptin promotes reproductive behavior in non-feeding garter snakes, these findings do not align with research on food-restricted mammals. Further investigations into how leptin affects sexual behavior in snakes exposed to food-restriction manipulations would clarify if the role of leptin is evolutionarily divergent.
Efficiency-adjusted Public Capital and Economic Growth in Guyana: A Cointegration Analysis

Using data for Guyana that spans the period 1980 to 2017, this study assessed the impact of efficiency-adjusted public capital on the country’s overall economic growth and expenditures for private investment. This paper contributes to the literature in four ways. First, it constructed an efficiency-adjusted and unadjusted public capital stock series for Guyana, a less developed country within the Caribbean Community, using an amended perpetual inventory model. Second, with the aid of a modified Cobb–Douglas production function, the study identified a positive connection between the efficiency-adjusted public capital stock and growth in the economy. Third, the paper shows that the adoption of the country’s Economic Recovery Program helped to boost the impact of public capital formation on the economy’s output. Finally, the paper shows that public capital growth partially crowded-out private sector investment spending in the economy which can nevertheless expand with economic growth.
TraceLingo: Trace representation and learning for performance issue diagnosis in cloud services

Large-scale cloud systems such as Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud and Amazon AWS provide a wide variety of online services which serve millions of customers around the world. Adverse service behaviors and latencies can have huge performance impact and affect user satisfaction. Besides monitoring system KPI metrics and log, trace data is of great value for analyzing the system performance status, detecting anomalous workstreams and localizing the performance bottleneck. However, existing work usually represent the trace as a sequence of events with execution time information, which ignores the runtime context and graph structure of the trace. In this paper, we propose a trace representation and learning model, TraceLingo, which adopts a tree-based RNN model to capture the dependency between spans in various traces for automatic and effective performance diagnosis.
An international perspective on the recent behavior of inflation

Several commentators have been concerned about the possibility that the euro area may be experiencing disinflation with the risk of deflation. However, the euro area is not the only economy navigating the risky waters of low inflation. Several other advanced economies have recently experienced below-target inflation as well as some actual deflation. In this article, the authors collect data for nine advanced economies and document several facts about the behavior of inflation during the 2002-14 period. First, they show that the relationship between inflation rates and short-term rates displays similar changes across advanced economies—with and without central bank programs designed to increase the size of their balance sheets (e.g., large-scale asset purchases). Second, they describe recent indications that headline and core inflation are below target for individual countries. They then discuss various explanations for this trend (global factors, output gaps, and changes in inflation expectations), showing there is some important heterogeneity across countries. Finally, they show that while output has become even more synchronized across countries since 2008, the cross-country correlation of inflation is no longer higher than the cross-country correlation of output.
Direct numerical simulation of matrix diffusion across fracture/matrix interface

Accurate descriptions of matrix diffusion across the fracture/matrix interface are critical to assessing contaminant migration in fractured media. The classical transfer probability method is only applicable for relatively large diffusion coefficients and small fracture spacings, due to an intrinsic assumption of an equilibrium concentration profile in the matrix blocks. Motivated and required by practical applications, we propose a direct numerical simulation (DNS) approach without any empirical assumptions. A three-step Lagrangian algorithm was developed and validated to directly track the particle dynamics across the fracture/matrix interface, where particle's diffusive displacement across the discontinuity is controlled by an analytical, one-side reflection probability. Numerical experiments show that the DNS approach is especially efficient for small diffusion coefficients and large fracture spacings, alleviating limitations of the classical modeling approach.
FAIRLY SHARING AFFORDABLE HOUSING OBLIGATIONS: THE MOUNT LAUREL MATRIX

New Jersey's Mount Laurel doctrine1 requires every municipal­ ity in the state to provide a realistic opportunity for the construc­ tion of its fair share of the regional need for lowand moderate­ income housing. This doctrine is probably the best known afforda­ ble-housing initiative of our time, and without a doubt the most ambitious judicial ruling in the field of land use controls since World War II. This Symposium provides a timely reminder, how­ ever, that before there was even a trial court decision in the case that became Mount Laurel I, Massachusetts led the way with chap­ ter 774, the Comprehensive Permit Law.2 My contribution to these thirtieth anniversary proceedings is to share with you the news from New Jersey. The Mount Laurel doc­ trine and the Comprehensive Permit Law are rough contemporaries and comparisons are therefore in order. I cannot offer anything that compares to the wealth of specific data that Dean Krefetz presents in her Article3 because, surprisingly, there has never been a comprehensive, hard number study of Mount Laurel's results. Still, the outlines are clear, and I will sketch the general picture with a concentration on a broader view.
Cross-species molecular profiling identifies the GSK3-Beta pathway in soy mediated prostate cancer growth inhibition.

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 5583 Soy is a candidate prostate cancer chemopreventive, yet the mechanism of Soy's actions remain unclear. We have used cross-species expression analysis to identify genes coordinately regulated in prostate cancer's response to Soy in both human and rat systems. Analysis of the PAIII prostate cancer cell line derived from the Lobund-Wistar rat and the PC3 human prostate cancer cell line were analyzed using species specific 19k spotted cDNA arrays. Validation studies were performed for genes and pathways that were identified. Soy treatment resulted in decreased PAIII and PC3 cell number by growth curves. Gene homolog analysis suggested involvement of the wnt-frizzled-GSK3Beta-Beta-catenin pathway in Soy response. Western blotting demonstrated expression of Wnt-4, Frizzled-3, GSK3Beta, and Beta-catenin in the PC3 and LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines. Soy treatment resulted in decreased cell proliferation by BrdU uptake in PC3 cells, which was rescued by treatment with siRNA directed at GSK3Beta. These results suggested that Soy's action may be mediated through GSK3Beta activation. The role of Frizzled-3 mediated GSK3Beta inactivation in prostate cancer was examined. Use of siRNA directed at Frizzled-3 failed to decrease proliferation or rescue the effects of Soy. Likewise Wnt-4 siRNA studies failed to implicate Wnt-4 in baseline or Soy mediated cellular proliferation. Subsequent immunohistochemical studies using prostate cancer tissue microarrays revealed the expression of both Frizzled-3 and GSK3Beta in prostate cancers. No significant association was seen with Gleason grade or tumor stage. We have identified GSK3Beta as a mechanism for Soy's effect in prostate cancer. This protein is expressed in prostate cancer cells and controls prostate cancer cell proliferation. Thus GSK3Beta may represent a key biomarker for determining the efficacy of Soy chemoprevention in prostate cancer. Further studies on the activated forms of GSK3Beta are ongoing. R.F. and T.T. contributed equally to this work, and are both recipients of Emory University/Winship Cancer Institute Summer High School Student Research Fellowships.
Induced systemic resistance responses in perennial ryegrass against Magnaporthe oryzae elicited by semi‐purified surfactin lipopeptides and live cells of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Summary The suppressive ability of several strains of cyclic lipopeptide-producing Bacillus rhizobacteria to grey leaf spot disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae has been documented previously; however, the underlying mechanism(s) involved in the induced systemic resistance (ISR) activity in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) remains unknown. Root-drench application of solid-phase extraction (SPE)-enriched surfactin and live cells of mutant Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42-AK3 (produces surfactin, but not bacillomycin D and fengycin) significantly reduced disease incidence and severity on perennial ryegrass. The application of the treatments revealed a pronounced multilayered ISR defence response activation via timely and enhanced accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), elevated cell wall/apoplastic peroxidase activity, and deposition of callose and phenolic/polyphenolic compounds underneath the fungal appressoria in naive leaves, which was significantly more intense in treated plants than in mock-treated controls. Moreover, a hypersensitive response (HR)-type reaction and enhanced expression of LpPrx (Prx, peroxidase), LpOXO4 (OXO, oxalate oxidase), LpPAL (PAL, phenylalanine ammonia lyase), LpLOXa (LOX, lipoxygenase), LpTHb (putative defensin) and LpDEFa (DEFa, putative defensin) in perennial ryegrass were associated with SPE-enriched surfactin and live AK3 cell treatments, acting as a second layer of defence when pre-invasive defence responses failed. The results indicate that ISR activity following surfactin perception may sensitize H2O2-mediated defence responses, thereby providing perennial ryegrass with enhanced protection against M. oryzae.
Employer Discrimination and Market Structure

We formalize Gary Becker's dynamic conjecture that competitive forces drive discriminating employers from the market in the long run, using a dynamic model of a monopolistically competitive industry characterized by sunk costs and sequential entry. An advantage of this formalization is that it demonstrates the importance of the structure of production costs, as well as market power, in explaining the long-run survival of discriminatory firms. In addition, we show that, despite decades of empirical research on this connection, there is actually no consistent theoretical relationship between the degree of market concentration within an industry and the degree of discrimination. However, we do find an indirect link in which market liberalization has a more pronounced effect in reducing discrimination in more concentrated markets.
The Unification Problem for One Relation Thue Systems

We give an algorithm for the unification problem for a generalization of Thue Systems with one relation. The word problem is a special case. We show that in many cases this is a decision procedure with at most an exponential time bound. We conjecture that this is always a decision procedure.
An Intense Li( d,n ) Neutron Radiation Test Facility for Controlled Thermonuclear Reactor Materials Testing

Brookhaven National Laboratory has proposed the construction of an intense Li(d,n) neutron source. The neutron production process is based on the stripping reaction of energetic deuterons on a flowing liquid-lithium target. The resulting neutron fluxes of greater than 10/sup 14/ n/(cm/sup 2/ sec) are well collimated in the forward direction providing approximately 1 liter of experimental volume for a 100-mA deuteron beam at approximately 30 MeV. The neutron energy spectrum is centered at approximately 14 MeV and extends from 8 to 20 MeV at FWHM. Models to calculate the radiation damage effectiveness of this neutron spectrum were developed. These show good agreement with the radiation damage expected in a fusion reactor model (BENCH) both in terms of dpa and helium production and recoil energy probabilities. The facility consists of a drift-tube-type linear accelerator producing the 30-MeV deuteron beam. This beam comprising two components (D/sup +/ and D/sup -/ ions) will be directed to the experimental area where it will be stopped on flowing liquid-lithium targets. The two different ion species will provide for the availability of two separate and independent experimental caves.
Trading costs for listed options

Abstract This paper reexamines the anomalous evidence concerning the efficiency of the listed options exchanges. We focus on the structure of trading costs in that market, and note several costs which generally have been ignored, the largest of which is the bid-ask spread. When we adjust the published trading rules for our estimates of these trading costs, the reported abnormal returns are eliminated.
Light within the plant

A detailed knowledge of the optical properties of plants is necessary to understand how plants detect their light environment and how they may perceive light direction, light quantity, and spectral quality. However, a detailed description of what happens to light after it enters plant tissues is complicated by a number of optical phenomena such as lens effects, light scattering, and the sieve effect. Light scattering, in combination with internal reflection, creates a light trap so that fluence rates within plants can exceed by 3–4 times that of incident light. Internal fluence rates change with increasing depth within the tissues as the light is attenuated by absorption and scattering. This creates a light gradient which is necessary for the perception of light direction in phototropism. Other mechanisms for perception of light may depend upon other optical effects.
An inexpensive analyzer for measuring oxygen uptake.

(1976). An Inexpensive Analyzer for Measuring Oxygen Uptake. Research Quarterly. American Alliance for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 869-873.
UWB signal processing: Projection, B-splines, and modified Gegenbauer bases

Ultra-wide band (UWB) systems require either rapidly changing or very high sampling rates. Conventional analog-to-digital devices have limited dynamic range. We investigate UWB signal processing via a basis projection method and a basis system designed for UWB signals. The method first windows the signal and then decomposes the signal into a basis via a continuous-time inner product operation, computing the basis coefficients in parallel. The windowing systems are key, and we develop systems that have variable partitioning length, variable roll-off and variable smoothness. These include systems developed to preserve orthogonality of any orthonormal systems between adjacent blocks and almost orthogonal windowing systems that are more computable/constructible than the orthogonality preserving systems, built using B-splines. We construct the basis projection method, developing the method with a modified Gegenbauer system designed specifically for UWB signals.
A Review and Critique of the Hierarchy of Effects in Advertising

Industry practitioners and social scientists throughout the world have long sought to determine the effectiveness of advertising in this multi-billion dollar industry. For close to a century, many social scientists have debated just how advertising works. One suggested explanation is the hierarchy of effects—that body of literature that posits that audiences go through a variety of stages, namely cognitive, affective, and conative, in responding to advertising, and other persuasive marketing messages. This paper reviews the hierarchy of effects from its beginning at the turn of this century to present-day developments. The paper also examines the controversies surrounding hierarchy models and provides a critique of the evidence supporting its position as an advertising model.
Spontaneous reno-jejuno-cutaneous fistula with stone: An unusual presentation of genito-urinary tuberculosis

We are reporting an unusual case of spontaneous reno-jejuno-cuteneous fistula with staghorn calculus. A 19-year-old female presented with pus discharging sinus in the left lumbar and gluteal region. Fistulography and computed tomography showed nonfunctioning kidney and fistula involving left kidney and jejunal loops. The patient was successfully treated by nephrectomy and excision of fistulous tract followed by antituberculous therapy. Histopathology revealed features of renal tuberculosis. To the best of our knowledge our case is the first case reported having reno-jejunal fistula because of tuberculosis and having cuteneous extension in the lumbar as well as gluteal region.
Phase transitions in one-dimensional cluster-interaction fluids IB. Critical behavior

Abstract The many-body cluster-interaction model introduced in the first part is studied in its critical region for a range of special potentials, principally: “model (A)” which is characterized by a “surface” exponent σ (⩽ 1 2 ) and a “geometric” exponent, τc. It is shown that the vapor pressure curve pσ(T) may exhibit “maxithermal” and “maxibaric” points where dp σ dT is ∞ or 0, respectively. The coexistence curves may be flat-topped (τc > 2), rounded on the gas-like side (2 > τc > 2 − σ), or cuspoidal (2 − σ > τc > 1) so that ( dϱ G dT ) − ( dϱ L dT ) → 0 as T → Tc. For model (A), the asymptotic approach to the critical point of the coexistence curve, the specific heat, the compressibility, etc. (for the gas-like phase) is found to be described by the usual critical exponents (at least with regard to the singular parts of these functions). Furthermore, the gas-like phase Gibbs free energy in the whole critical region is shown to satisfy a scaling equation in terms of two special coordinates (ξ and θ) which are both linear combinations of (p−pc) and (T − Tc). Nevertheless, the critical exponents on the critical isochore (v = vc, T ⩾ Tc) do not, in general, satisfy the normal exponent relations: it is found that γ 2 and also scales. Finally, the “mechanism” of the model is exhibited in more detail by studying the statistics of the clusters: their size, length, etc.
Identification of prismatic loops in zone-melted molybdenum

Abstract Prismatic dislocation loops originating at precipitate particles in zone-melted molybdenum have been shown to be interstitial in nature with an (a/2) Burgers vector. The mode of generation of the prismatic loops from a dislocation helix is apparent and is consistent with the mechanism proposed by Jones and Mitchell (1958).
Measurement of Si(111) surface stress by a microscopic technique

We have developed a method for the local measurement of surface stress using transmission electron microscopy. Applying this technique to the clean Si(111) surface during 7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7-1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 phase coexistence, we determine the stress difference between the phases to be 30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5 meV/A${\mathrm{\r{}}}^{2}$. This relatively small difference is consistent with the presence of adatoms in the 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 surface. The method can be easily extended to other surfaces and interfaces that have well-defined domain boundaries.
Lateral continuity of basement seismic reflections in 15 Ma ultrafast-spreading crust at ODP Site 1256

The Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) initiated drilling at Site 1256D in the Guatemala Basin, about 1,000 km off the East Pacific Rise to penetrate plutonic rocks, anticipated to be relatively shallow in this region, formed at an ultra-fast spreading rate. IODP Expedition E312 successfully drilled into gabbros at ~1,150 m in basement. Multi-channel seismic traces show weak laterally coherent sub-basement reflections at borehole depths. Synthetic reflectivity seismograms were computed using a Ricker wavelet and impedance profiles from borehole sonic logs. These seismograms show significant sub-basement amplitude peaks. A zero-offset vertical seismic profile, shot on E312, was processed to investigate the authenticity of these reflections and their relationship to borehole geology. A dual scheme of the median filtering and F–K dip filtering was used. Tests with synthetic seismograms indicate the approach is effective at reasonable SNR levels. Downgoing energy is clearly identified but negligible upgoing energy is visible over random noise. These results indicate that lava flows and igneous contacts in upper ocean crust have significant topography on lateral scales less than the Fresnel Zone (~300 m) due to igneous and tectonic processes.
Diagnostic and Surgical Implications of Ventral Vertebrobasilar Displacement by Posterior Fossa Neurenteric Cysts

Objective Neurenteric cysts (NECs) are uncommonly encountered lesions of the central nervous system with heterogeneous imaging characteristics. The object of this study was to review the preoperative imaging findings represented among a cohort of surgically treated posterior fossa NECs. These findings are considered in the context of surgical technique, and inform an understanding of aberrant neuroembryological development associated with NECs. Methods A single-institution, multisurgeon series of 7 consecutive patients (5 female and 2 male patients, mean age 36 years, range 19 to 57 years) treated surgically for histopathologically confirmed posterior fossa NECs was retrospectively reviewed. Lesion imaging and anatomic characteristics were noted on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Imaging comparisons were made against an additional cohort of 266 consecutive surgically treated posterior fossa masses to validate unique anatomic findings. Results T1 and T2 MRI signal characteristics were variable when compared across lesions. All NECs were found to be anteriorly located within the posterior fossa, but always situated between the brainstem pial surface and the vertebrobasilar system, causing ventral displacement of vertebrobasilar vessels. Conclusions Posterior fossa NECs display variable patterns of MRI signal and are commonly considered as part of a broad differential of cystic posterior fossa masses. We identified tumor insinuation between the ventral brainstem and vertebrobasilar system as a highly sensitive and specific radiographic sign for NECs. This finding was not observed among a large cohort of posterior fossa masses representative of other multiple pathologies.