cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Model to Describe the Response of Arctic Sea Ice

In this paper we develop a model for the flow of Arctic sea ice within the context of the theory of interacting continua that takes into account the change of phase between the two constituents, ice and water. After documenting the general balance laws for mass, linear and angular momentum, energy, the second law of thermodynamics and the volume additivity constraint, we discuss the specific constitutive relations that are to be used for the various quantities that appear in the balance laws. Ice is modeled as a non-Newtonian fluid that is a generalization of the usual model due to Glen to take into account the ability of ice to develop normal stress differences in simple shear flow, while water is modeled as a Navier–Stokes fluid. Constitutive relations are discussed for the change of phase, the interaction forces such as the drag, etc. In order to make the problem amenable to analysis, we simplify the governing equations, keeping the quintessential features of the problem of interest in mind.
Validation of secondary data sources for enumerating marijuana dispensaries in a state commercializing marijuana.

Abstract Objectives To assess 1) the validity of online crowdsourcing platforms in enumerating licensed brick-and-mortar marijuana dispensaries and 2) the validity of state licensing directory and online crowdsourcing platforms in enumerating active brick-and-mortar marijuana dispensaries in California. Methods We obtained business lists from California Bureau of Cannabis Control (BCC) licensing directory and three online crowdsourcing platforms (Weedmaps, Leafly, and Yelp) in May 2019. Calls were made to verify street address, operation status, dispensary category (recreational-only, medical-only, recreational & medical), and presence of storefronts in May-July 2019. Validity measures, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value, were calculated when applicable. Results In identifying licensed dispensaries in BCC, Leafly had the highest sensitivity (.66) and Yelp had the highest specificity (.87). The dispensary category posted on online crowdsourcing platforms in over 25 % licensed dispensaries and the dispensary category claimed in call verification in over 10 % licensed dispensaries disagreed with the approved category in BCC. There were 2121 businesses combined from BCC and online crowdsourcing platforms, among which 826 were verified to be active brick-and-mortar dispensaries. Weedmaps had the highest sensitivity (.80) and Yelp had the highest negative predictive value (.74) in identifying verified dispensaries. Weedmaps overall had the highest sensitivity in all three dispensary categories. Weedmaps had the highest sensitivity in more populated counties whereas BCC had the highest sensitivity in less populated counties. Conclusions Each secondary data source has strengths and limitations. The findings inform surveillance and research regarding how to best strategize data use when resources are limited.
Cauda Equina Syndrome Secondary to Lymphoma

One year ago, this 59-year-old woman developed rapidly progressive leg weakness. An exploratory laparotomy and biopsy of a large retroperitoneal mass demonstrated a diffuse large cell lymphoma. A partial response with cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin (doxorubicin), Oncovin (vincristine)-bleomycin (CHOP-BLEO) and subsequent delivery of 3600 cGy to the whole abdomen still did not make the mass disappear on computed tomography (CT), so Cytoxan and prednisone were added. The mass began to grow and this was accompanied by nausea, vomiting, neutropenia, fever, and leg weakness.
Disseminated coccidioidomycosis in an immunocompetent patient: Report of a case and review of the literature

Abstract Coccidioidomycosis is endemic to the Southwestern United States as well as parts of Mexico, Central, and South America. Coccidioides infection is typically subclinical or mild and self-limited. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis is uncommon except in immunosuppressed, post-transplant, or pregnant patients. Disseminated coccidioides in immunocompetent individuals is rare. We report a case of a young, apparently immunocompetent, individual who developed disseminated coccidiomycosis diagnosed at the time of a bedside splenectomy for abdominal decompression. Clinical and histological findings are discussed with review of literature.
Model and simulations of multipath bridge routing for inter-swarm UAV communications in EMANE/CORE

The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) network is a special type of mobile ad hoc network (MANET). 1There are two types of UAV swarm communications: Communications within a swarm (i.e. intra-swarm) and ...
Luminosity Calibration of Giants and Supergiants, G0-M5

Calibration curves giving M v for stars of luminosity classes III, II, Ib, Iab and 0 are derived and shown graphically in the HR diagram. There are serious gaps in which the calibration needs to be improved.
White dwarf candidates for trigonometrical parallax determinations.

The visual surface brightness relation is applied to the determination of parallaxes of white dwarfs on the assumption, borne out by previous studies of white dwarfs of known parallax, that these show only a small range of linear diameters.
Chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma associated with persistent woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.

The livers of 16 woodchucks with naturally acquired chronic infection with woodchuck hepatitis virus were examined both grossly and histologically in 14 biopsy specimens and seven necropsy specimen...
The trigonometric Casimir connection of a simple Lie algebra

Abstract Let g be a complex, semisimple Lie algebra, G the corresponding simply-connected Lie group and H ⊂ G a maximal torus. We construct a flat connection on H with logarithmic singularities on the root hypertori and values in the Yangian Y ( g ) of g . By analogy with the rational Casimir connection of g , we conjecture that the monodromy of this trigonometric connection is described by the quantum Weyl group operators of the quantum loop algebra U ℏ ( L g ) .
Distinctions between persistent and reversible group I mGluR-induced epileptiform burst prolongation

We have previously shown that selective activation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) results in long-lasting enhancement of synchronized network activity in the hippocampal slice. Data herein suggest that activation of group I mGluRs need not result in this potentially epileptogenic effect. (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (ACPD), a non-selective mGluR agonist, elicits ictaform bursts identical in appearance to those induced by selective agonists, but ACPD-induced bursts do not persist following removal of the agent. Like the bursts induced by selective agonist, the ACPD bursts are blocked with group I mGluR antagonists and are not dependent on activation of either NMDA receptors or protein kinase C. However, they differ from the persistent bursts in that they do not require active protein synthesis and they are not suppressed with L-cysteine sulfinic acid, an agonist at a phospholipase D-coupled metabotropic receptor. These novel findings provide evidence that group I mGluR-induced epileptogenesis may be preventable.
Social Networking Websites, Personality Ratings, and the Organizational Context: More Than Meets the Eye?1

We examined the psychometric properties of the Big Five personality traits assessed through social networking profiles in 2 studies consisting of 274 and 244 social networking website (SNW) users. First, SNW ratings demonstrated sufficient interrater reliability and internal consistency. Second, ratings via SNWs demonstrated convergent validity with self-ratings of the Big Five traits. Third, SNW ratings correlated with job performance, hirability, and academic performance criteria; and the magnitude of these correlations was generally larger than for self-ratings. Finally, SNW ratings accounted for significant variance in the criterion measures beyond self-ratings of personality and cognitive ability. We suggest that SNWs may provide useful information for potential use in organizational research and practice, taking into consideration various legal and ethical issues.
Monolithic superhydrophobic polymer layer with photopatterned virtual channel for the separation of peptides using two-dimensional thin layer chromatography-desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

Superhydrophobic monolithic porous polymer layers with a photopatterned hydrophilic channel have been prepared. These layers were used for two-dimensional thin layer chromatography of peptides. The 50 μm thin poly(butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) layers supported onto 4.0 × 3.3 cm glass plates were prepared using UV-initiated polymerization in a simple glass mold. Photografting of a mixture of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate carried out through a mask afforded a 600 μm wide virtual channel along one side of the layer. This channel, which contains ionizable functionalities, enabled the first dimension separation in ion exchange mode. The aqueous mobile phase migrates only through the channel due to the large difference in surface tension at the interface of the hydrophilic channel and the superhydrophobic monolith. The unmodified part of the layer featuring hydrophobic chemistry was then used for the reversed phase separation in the orthogonal seco...
On the use of lossless integer wavelet transforms in medical image segmentation

Recent trends in medical image processing involve computationally intensive processing techniques on large data sets, especially for 3D applications such as segmentation, registration, volume rendering etc. Multi-resolution image processing techniques have been used in order to speed-up these methods. However, all well-known techniques currently used in multi-resolution medical image processing rely on using Gaussain-based or other equivalent floating point representations that are lossy and irreversible. In this paper, we study the use of Integer Wavelet Transforms (IWT) to address the issue of lossless representation and reversible reconstruction for such medical image processing applications while still retaining all the benefits which floating-point transforms offer such as high speed and efficient memory usage. In particular, we consider three low-complexity reversible wavelet transforms namely the - Lazy-wavelet, the Haar wavelet or (1,1) and the S+P transform as against the Gaussian filter for multi-resolution speed-up of an automatic bone removal algorithm for abdomen CT Angiography. Perfect-reconstruction integer wavelet filters have the ability to perfectly recover the original data set at any step in the application. An additional advantage with the reversible wavelet representation is that it is suitable for lossless compression for purposes of storage, archiving and fast retrieval. Given the fact that even a slight loss of information in medical image processing can be detrimental to diagnostic accuracy, IWTs seem to be the ideal choice for multi-resolution based medical image segmentation algorithms. These could also be useful for other medical image processing methods.
Mixtures of Local Dictionaries for Unsupervised Speech Enhancement

We propose a novel extension of Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) that models a signal with multiple local dictionaries activated sparsely. This set of local dictionaries for a source, e.g., speech, disjointly constitute a superset that is more discriminative than an ordinary NMF dictionary, because its local structures represent the source's manifold better. A block sparsity constraint is used to regularize the NMF solutions so that only one or a small number of blocks are active at a given time. Moreover, a concentrationz prior further regularizes each block of bases to be close to each other for better locality preservation. We test the proposed Mixture of Local Dictionaries (MLD) on single-channel speech enhancement tasks and show that it outperforms the state of the art technology by up to 2 dB in signal-to-distortion ratio, especially in the unsupervised environment where neither the speaker identity nor the type of noise is known in advance.
Linear stability analysis of thin leaky dielectric films subjected to electric fields

Abstract An intriguing process, known as lithographically induced self-assembly (LISA), is initiated by positioning a template parallel to a flat silicon wafer-coated with a thin polymeric film and then raising the temperature above the glass transition/melting temperature of the film. Electric fields exert a force on charges induced at the polymer–air interface, placing the film in tension. The static equilibrium that results is unstable to disturbances with wavelengths for which the electrostatic force overcomes the surface tension. Flow ensues, generating a pattern in the film with periodicity reflecting the characteristic length of the instability. Though the initiation of the process as outlined above is generally accepted, the forces guiding the evolution of the film into the remarkably periodic microstructures observed are not. Our goal here is to create a sound understanding of the mechanism through quantitative modeling to facilitate the conversion of these microstructures into nano-structures. Given the apparent importance of conductivity in the film we adopt the “leaky dielectric model”, which also allows for re-distribution of charges on the interfaces, and undertake a linear stability analysis to explore the effects of various process parameters, particularly the conductivity and the film thickness. The linear stability analysis with the leaky dielectric model for the polymer film yields growth exponents and characteristic wavenumbers much larger than that for the perfect dielectric model. The differences are striking in that the slightest conductivity increases the growth exponent by a factor of 2–20 and decreases the fastest growing wavelength by a factor of 2–4.
Commutative Standard Table Algebras with at Most One Nontrivial Multiplicity

We classify commutative standard table algebras (STA) with at most one nontrivial multiplicity. The main result shows that there exists exactly one nontrivial multiplicity if and only if the table basis is the wreath product of a two-dimensional subalgebra and an abelian group. The theorem applies to adjacency algebras of commutative association schemes with exactly one primitive idempotent matrix of rank greater than one. A theorem of Seitz that characterizes finite groups with exactly one irreducible representation of degree greater than one is another corollary of the main theorem.
On modal logic of deductive closure

Abstract A new modal logic D is introduced. It describes properties of provability by interpreting modality as a deductive closure operator on sets of formulas. Logic D is proven to be decidable and complete with respect to this semantics.
Characterization of Mouse Short-chain Aldehyde Reductase (SCALD), an Enzyme Regulated by Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Proteins

Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) enhance transcription of genes encoding all of the proteins required for the cellular synthesis and uptake of cholesterol and unsaturated fatty acids. Here, we use suppression subtractive hybridization to identify a previously unrecognized SREBP-enhanced gene in mice. The gene encodes a membrane-bound enzyme that we designate SCALD, for short-chain aldehyde reductase. We expressed SCALD in bacteria, purified it extensively, and studied its catalytic properties in detergent solution. The enzyme specifically uses NADPH to reduce a variety of short-chain aldehydes, including nonanal and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. The enzyme also reduces retinaldehydes, showing equal activity for all-trans-retinal and 9-cis-retinal. Northern blot analysis indicates that SCALD is expressed most abundantly in mouse liver and testis. In the liver of mice, SCALD is suppressed by fasting and induced by refeeding, consistent with regulation by SREBPs. In testis, SCALD expression is restricted to pachytene spermatocytes, as revealed by visualization of mRNA and protein. SCALD is also expressed in four layers of the retina, including the outer segment of rods and cones, as revealed by immunohistochemistry. SCALD appears to be the mouse ortholog of the human protein that has been designated variously as prostate short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase 1, retinal reductase 1, and retinol dehydrogenase 11. In view of its ability to reduce short-chain aldehydes in addition to retinals, we propose that SCALD may be induced by SREBP in liver and other tissues to prevent toxicity from fatty aldehydes that are generated from oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids that are synthesized as a result of SREBP activity.
In Vivo Pulse Labeling of Proteins in Attached Leaves with Radioactive Amino Acids

The pulse labeling of proteins in attached leaves by the incorporation of radioactive amino acids can be a valuable approach to study a wide range of topics pertaining to plant gene expression. Transient changes in the rate of net protein synthesis can be measured since pulse labeling permits discrimination between proteins actively synthesized during the labeling interval from those accumulated at earlier times. Specific procedures for a rapid and convenient method of in vivo pulse labeling are outlined which we believe could be broadly useful in plant biological research. A particularly important technical feature of the protocol is electroblotting of radioactive proteins from the sodium dodecyl sulfate acrylamide resolving gel matrix to polyvinylidene difluoride transfer membrane. This step permits a single polyacrylamide slab gel to be used for autoradiography, immunoblot analysis, and protein staining, thereby greatly facilitating comparison among these complementary techniques and resulting in a significant savings in time and radioactive sample. Central considerations concerning the quantitation and interpretation of in vivo pulse labeling data are discussed.
Taphonomic Aspects of Crowned Hawk-Eagle Predation on Monkeys

Abstract This study provides a taphonomic analysis of prey accumulations of crowned hawk-eagles (Stephanoaetus coronatus) from Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda, collected over 37 months from below nests of two eagle pairs. Crowned hawk-eagles are powerful predators capable of killing animals much larger than themselves, and are significant predators of cercopithecoid monkeys in forest habitats throughout sub-Saharan Africa. At Ngogo, 81% of the individuals in the kill sample are monkeys. Redtail monkeys (Cercopithecus ascanius) are particularly well represented in the sample, making up 66% of monkeys identified to species. Despite an impressive killing apparatus, crowned hawk-eagles are fastidious eaters that inflict far less damage to bone than mammalian predators. Examination of skeletal material from the Ngogo kill sample reveals that crania, hindlimb elements, and scapulae survive predation better than do other bones. Crania of adults are typically complete and accompanied by mandibles, while crania of young individuals are usually dissociated from mandibles and lack basicrania and faces. Long bones are often whole or show minimal damage. Thin bones, such as crania and innominates, are marked by numerous nicks, punctures, and “can-opener” perforations. Scapular blades are heavily raked and shattered. Along with the strong preference for cercopithecoids, these distinct patterns of bone survival and damage indicate the feasibility of recognizing specific taphonomic signatures of large raptors in fossil assemblages. Berger and Clarke (1995) hypothesized that crowned hawk-eagles or similar large raptors were principally responsible for the accumulation of the late Pliocene fossil fauna from Taung, South Africa, including the type infant skull of Australopithecus africanus. The results of our study suggest that the faunal composition and type of damage to the hominid skull and other bone from Taung are consistent with the predatory activities of large raptors. More rigorous assessment of their hypothesis will require sorting the Taung fauna by locality and further detailed analysis of species composition and bone damage and survivability patterns.
Who's Responsible for the Economy? The Formation and Consequences of Responsibility Attributions

The concept of responsibility lies at the heart of theories of democratic accountability. This article represents the first attempt to explicitly model attributions of presidential versus congressional responsibility for the economy. The article investigates the extent to which contextual and individual-level factors influence citizens' attributions of responsibility for the economy and how, in turn, such judgments shape their political evaluations. Employing a multinomial probit model of attributional choice, I find that responsibility judgments are shaped to varying degrees by economic ideology, perceptions of institutional context, and partisanship, although the effects of partisanship are not uniform across political parties. The results demonstrate that responsibility attributions are politically consequential and moderate the effects of economic perceptions on presidential and congressional approval. Finally, the results suggest that the effects of responsibility attributions in the sanctioning process are not invariant across the target of institutional evaluation.
p53 transcriptional activity is essential for p53-dependent apoptosis following DNA damage.

p53‐mediated transcription activity is essential for cell cycle arrest, but its importance for apoptosis remains controversial. To address this question, we employed homologous recombination and LoxP/Cre‐mediated deletion to produce mutant murine embryonic stem (ES) cells that express p53 with Gln and Ser in place of Leu25 and Trp26, respectively. p53 Gln25Ser26 was stable but did not accumulate after DNA damage; the expression of p21/Waf1 and PERP was not induced, and p53‐dependent repression of MAP4 expression was abolished. Therefore, p53 Gln25Ser26 is completely deficient in transcriptional activation and repression activities. After DNA damage by UV radiation, p53 Gln25Ser26 was phosphorylated at Ser18 but was not acetylated at C‐terminal sites, and its DNA binding activity did not increase, further supporting a role for p53 acetylation in the activation of sequence‐specific DNA binding activity. Most importantly, p53 Gln25Ser26 mouse thymocytes and ES cells, like p53 −/− cells, did not undergo DNA damage‐induced apoptosis. We conclude that the transcriptional activities of p53 are required for p53‐dependent apoptosis.
The Ethics of Tax and Expenditure Decisions

Both US and UK governments allow legislators to vote on issues in which they have a directed interest. Professor Nicolaus Tideman, of the University of Buckingham, proposes radical reforms to prevent voting by interested parties.
Two-stage model of African absolute motion during the last 30 million years

Abstract The absolute motion of Africa (relative to the hotspots) for the past 30 My is modeled with two Euler vectors, with a change occurring at 6 Ma. Because of the high sensitivity of African absolute motions to errors in the absolute motions of the North America and Pacific plates, both the pre-6 Ma and post-6 Ma African absolute motions are determined simultaneously with North America and Pacific absolute motions for various epochs. Geologic data from the northern Atlantic and hotspot tracks from the African plate are used to augment previous data sets for the North America and Pacific plates. The difference between the pre-6 Ma and post-6 Ma absolute plate motions may be represented as a counterclockwise rotation about a pole at 48 °S, 84 °E, with angular velocity 0.085 °/My. This change is supported by geologic evidence along a large portion of the African plate boundary, including the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden spreading systems, the Alpine deformation zone, and the central and southern mid-Atlantic Ridge. Although the change is modeled as one abrupt transition at 6 Ma, it was most likely a gradual change spanning the period 8-4 Ma. As a likely mechanism for the change, we favor strong asthenospheric return flow from the Afar hotspot towards the southwest; this could produce the uniform southwesterly shift in absolute motion which we have inferred as well as provide a mechanism for the opening of the East African Rift. Comparing the absolute motions of the North America and Pacific plates with earlier estimates, the pole positions are revised by up to 5° and the angular velocities are decreased by 10–20%.
A self-rating pain and distress scale.

Abstract The author used the most commonly agreed-upon characteristics of pain and accompanying distress to construct a 20-item Pain and Distress (PAD) scale and administered it to 122 pain patients and 195 normal controls. The pain patients scored significantly higher on the overall index (indicating more pain) than did the controls, regardless of sex, race, and age. They also scored significantly higher than did controls on all 20 individual items. Based on results from statistical validation, use of the scale correctly classified 99.5% of normal controls and 84.4% of pain patients, who had been previously so identified clinically.
Fluctuations in activity of dehydrogenases in leaves of tobacco genotypes as a function of time day and leaf maturity

Summary In our search for an explanation of the developmental behavior of a yellow tobacco mutant, Pale yellow, we surveyed the levels of 8 dehydrogenases selected as representative of three major biochemical pathways in plants. Leaves were harvested at three times during the diurnal cycle from three leaf positions on plants of the pale yellow genotype and its green counterpart NC-95 grown in controlled environment chambers. Regardless of genotype, levels of most of the enzymes oscillated during a standard 8-h day and peaked at midday. On the other hand, enzymes varied with maturity of the leaves in the two genotypes. Pale yellow contained higher specific activities in older than in younger leaves, whereas NC-95 showed highest activity in leaves of intermediate maturity. Photosynthetic, glycolytic and Krebs cycle dehydrogenases showed similar trends. The data suggested that the up-the-stalk uniform ripening of Pale yellow tobacco was due in part to an unusually high retention by older leaves of enzymes involved in intermediary metabolism. How the enzymes in question managed to survive senescence is not known.
RACE AS A FACTOR IN JOB PLACEMENT: SERENDIPITOUS FINDINGS OF “ETHNIC DRIFT”

In the course of analyzing data from a criterion-related test validation study, an unexpected pattern of initial job placement was noticed. There was a statistically significant tendency in this large commercial bank to assign new employees to supervisors of the same ethnic group; and among those who were subsequently reassigned within 5 months, the level of such identity-based homophily increased significantly further. Four alternative nonracial hypotheses that might have explained the pattern of reassignments were investigated and rejected. At present, no explanations are available of the processes underlying the pattern of intra-organizational “ethnic drift.” Implications are noted for the study of cultural diversity and subgroup differences in organizations, and for the investigation of criterion relevance and test bias in validation studies.
Chemical Coefficients for Iron, Manganese, Lead, Zinc, and Copper in River Water and Suspended Load, and Mineralogic Composition of Suspended Load of Selected Kansas River Systems: ABSTRACT

End_Page 767------------------------------Concentration levels of the elements in a suspended load, when compared to average reported values for shales, show iron and manganese to be low. The other elements are higher. Values for these elements in the dissolved part are variable, possibly reflecting lithologic differences. Correlation coefficients indicate little relation between trace element content and season in most Kansas streams. X-ray diffraction study of the mineralogic content of the suspended load indicated that montmorillonite was the clay mineral present in all cases. Other minerals present in almost all samples were calcite and quartz. Gypsum, dolomite, feldspar, illite, and kaolinite were present in lesser amounts in some samples. Some question of the source of specific trace elements in these stream waters exis s. For nickel and lead, however, pollution is considered the most likely source. Some evidence is present to suggest that the major source of lead is fallout from the atmosphere. The data for partition coefficients suggest that nickel, lead, copper, and zinc are being strongly adsorbed onto the suspended load. The data are less certain for iron and manganese. The iron and manganese levels in the suspended loads of all streams are not unusual. Copper, nickel, lead, and zinc clearly are being concentrated by the suspended load. One source of copper and zinc may be from trace-element nutrient fertilizers. End_of_Article - Last_Page 768------------
Calorimetric investigation of anion adsorption onto goethite

Titration calorimetry was employed to investigate adsorption of fluoride, iodate, phosphate, and salicylate anions onto goethite at constant temperature (25 o C), pH (4.0), ionic strength (0.05 M), and solid concentration (10 g/L). In addition, adsorption data were collected at three temperatures (10,25, and 40 o C) and proton stoichiometry values were monitored as well. Measured adsorption enthalpies were exothermic and decreased with increasing surface coverage for all anions
Automatic categorization of mammographic masses using BI-RADS as a guidance

In this study, we present a clinically guided technical method for content-based categorization of mammographic masses. Our work is motivated by the continuing effort in content-based image annotation and retrieval to extract and model the semantic content of images. Specifically, we classified the shape and margin of mammographic mass into different categories, which are designated by radiologists according to descriptors from Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System Atlas (BI-RADS). Experiments were conducted within subsets selected from datasets consisting of 346 masses. In the experiments that categorize lesion shape, we obtained a precision of 70% with three classes and 87.4% with two classes. In the experiments that categorize margin, we obtained precisions of 69.4% and 74.7% for the use of four and three classes, respectively. In this study, we intend to demonstrate that this classification based method is applicable in extracting the semantic characteristics of mass appearances, and thus has the potential to be used for automatic categorization and retrieval tasks in clinical applications.
Factors predicting student intervention when witnessing anti-LGBTQ harassment: The influence of peers, teachers, and climate.

Abstract Bullying and harassment are systemic problems in schools, especially for sexual minority youth. Previous research suggests the importance of addressing student intervention in cases of bullying, but little is known about how to encourage this kind of intervention, particularly in response to anti-LGBTQ bullying. The present study used data collected through a participatory action research project to examine three factors' impact on students' intentions to intervene: hearing homophobic language, seeing teachers intervene, and seeing other students intervene. In the final model, seeing other students intervene (β = .19, p
Race and sex-based differences in cytokine immune responses to smallpox vaccine in healthy individuals.

Abstract We assessed the effects of sex, race and ethnicity on smallpox vaccine-induced immune responses in 1071 armed forces members after primary Dryvax® smallpox vaccination, including 790 males and 281 females; 580 Caucasians, 217 African–Americans, and 217 Hispanics. Analysis of vaccinia-specific cytokine responses revealed that Caucasians had higher total IFNγ ELISPOT responses (median 57 spot-forming units/SFUs per 200,000 cells, p = 0.01) and CD8+IFNγ ELISPOT responses (12 SFUs, p
Two aeromonads: Growth of symbionts fromHydra viridis

A large population of bacteria resides in the gastrodermal and ovarian tissue of the freshwater green coelenterateHydra viridis (Ohio, Jubilee, and Carolina strains). The intracellular bacteria are strongly correlated with the presence of symbiotic chlorellae in the animal cells. The bacteria accompany the chlorellae when they are expelled in vesicles during stages of sexual maturation. Two isolates of these bacteria were taken from ruptured bacterial-algal vesicles flushed out of the enteron of surface-sterilzed hydras. They were cultured on proteose peptone. Both were identified asAeromonas punctata, on the basis of over forty traits. These large, Gram-negative rods differ very little from published characteristics ofA. punctata subsp.punctata. UnlikeA. punctata subsp.punctata, the hydra symbionts grew on KCN broth and lacked the lysine decarboxylase reaction. We identified the two isolates as members of the same new strain ofAeromonas punctata symbiotic inHydra viridis. A different aeromonad could not be isolated from vesicles flushed out of surface-sterilized hydras, but it appeared along with the first aeromonad on plates from which smears of the holdfast and hypostome region of ethanol-rinsed hydra were made. This second orange-pigmented bacterium in a member of the holdfast microbial community associated with hydra and hydra eggs. It differed fromAeromonas hydrophila subsp.anaerogenes in only 5 out of over 40 traits tested. All differences were losses of metabolic activities. Both hydra-associatedA. hydrophila andA. punctata, which are easily grown, and yet form regular and natural associations with the greenHydra viridis, may prove useful for understanding metabolic relationships in micro-organisms adapted for symbiotic associations.
Searlesia, a new genus from the western Atlantic based on Membranoptera subtropica (Rhodophyta, Delesseriaceae)

Abstract A small delesseriaceous red alga from deep South Carolina and Florida offshore sites, previously assigned to Membranoptera subtropica Schn., is placed in the new genus Searlesia on the basis of vegetative and reproductive features, especially tetrasporangial sorus position. Searlesia gen. nov., with S. subtropica (Schn.) comb. nov. as the type and only known species, is created and allied with the Phycodrys group of the Nitophylleae.
Building Reliability and Safety into Underground Rural Distribution

The public is interested in underground power distribution lines primarily because this is a way of putting substantially all elements of the power system out of sight. At the present time underground distribution is being promoted almost entirely on the basis of improved appearance. To the operator of a power system, however, underground distribution offers two additional attractions, both of which eventually may be more important than appearance. It is reasonable to anticipate that the underground system of today will prove to be both safer and more reliable than any overhead system. With continuing advances in the development of new equipment, further progress in these advantages can be expected.
Oligodeoxyribonucleotide length and sequence effects on intramolecular and intermolecular G-quartet formation.

Abstract The potential of guanine-rich oligodeoxyribonucleotides (oligos) as nucleic acid drugs is increasingly being investigated, for example, as aptamers against heparin-binding proteins and as purine-motif triplex-forming oligos. However, G-rich oligos can be very polymorphic under physiological conditions, often with the resulting structures possessing vastly different functional capabilities. To better understand the intrinsic oligo parameters that affect their structure, we used nondenaturing gel electrophoresis to investigate a series of G-rich oligos derived from the sequence 5′-TGGGTGGGGTGGGGTGGGT for their abilities to self-associate through G-quartet formation. From these studies the following observations could be made: (1) oligos containing four clusters of three or more contiguous Gs readily associated intramolecularly but did not associate intermolecularly; (2) intermolecular dimerization was the preferred mode of interaction when one of the oligos contained only two G clusters; and (3) T-rich extensions promoted multimerization of oligos into still higher-order species.
The Influence of Co-Occurring Mental Health and Substance Use Problems on the Effectiveness of Juvenile Drug Courts

The effectiveness of juvenile drug courts is mixed, and several factors could account for these findings. The present study examines whether and why youth with co-occurring mental health problems m...
SU‐GG‐T‐16: Quantitative Comparison Dose Delivery From Convention Fletcher T&O Applicator and CT/MR Compatible Applicator

Purpose: To verify the quantitative variation of dose delivery from convention T&O applicator and CT/MRI compatible applicator. Method and Materials: The NEUCLETRON conventional T&O applicator (part ♯ 084.400) and CT/MRI compatible T&O applicator (part♯189.730) were used to deliver the same prescribed dose to the same spatial points. The systems were set up in free space. A farmer chamber was placed in five positions around the applicators' radiation area. First four points were 10 cm from OS, 30° spacing, from 0° to 90° against center axis cross plane. The 5th point was positioned in “B” point defined in T&O procedure. An X‐V film was used to record the isodose distribution of the applicators. Results: Dose variations at the first three 10 cm points (0°, 30°, 60° against cross plane) were around agreement of 3%. The point 4, in cent axis plane, was right above tandem's tip. The dose variation at this point was 17%. It might be caused by the attenuation difference at the tandems' tip. The dose at “B” point was within 10% different. Because of the geometrical difference of the two sets, the closer points got more difference based on the reverse square law. Conclusion: Compare with conventional Fletcher T&O applicator, the CT/MR compatible applicator delivered more dose for the same plan. The applicator materials might be one of the reasons. The average dose variation at points 10 cm away from the “OS” was around 5%, while the variation for anatomical point “B” was up to 10%. Based on the role of propagation of error, the dose difference of the prescription point “A” would be 10%. If the reference dose prescription is based on the conventional T&O applicator, we have to consider these 10% difference when we do the planning.
Updates to the rover driving tools for Curiosity

The Rover Sequencing and Visualization Program (RSVP) is a tool suite used for building command sequences for the Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity. RSVP was previously used for other missions and for in-house research projects and proposal efforts. RSVP has undergone extensive modifications and enhancements over previous versions in order to support more challenging requirements and to make it more adaptable for future missions. This paper will provide a brief overview of many of the specific enhancements made for the MSL mission.
A framework for teaching recursion

Recursion is presented as a generalized control structure, with iteration being a special case. A method is described to determine when to use recursion and when to use iteration in designing an algorithm to solve a problem.
The basic needs approach: Overcoming the poverty of homo oeconomicus

Abstract A major issue in the controversy surrounding the Basic Needs Approach to economic development concerns the difficulty of identifying a universal set of basic needs which is capable of cross-cultural application. It is argued that the apparent conceptual infeasibility of the Basic Needs Approach stems from prominent deficiencies in our current stock of economic, political and ethical paradigms, particularly with respect to the image of humans embodied in the notion of Homo oeconomicus . Recent advances in sociobiology and neurobiology provide an adequate foundation for a concept of universal basic human needs, and a proposed typology of basic needs is suggested.
Territorial prior residence, size asymmetry, and escalation of aggression in convict cichlids (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum Günther)

The present study was designed to assess the effects of resident versus intruder size differences upon the territorial prior-residence effect and level of territorial aggression in convict cichlids. Prior to a direct territorial dominance encounter, pairs of fish were randomly composed for one of three experimental treatment conditions: 1) the resident having a body-length 20–30% larger than that of the intruder, 2) the intruder having a body-length 20–30% larger than the resident, or 3) the combatants' body-lengths differing by no more than 5%. After a 3-day territorial acclimation period in their individual territories, the subject designated as the intruder was introduced to the resident's territory. For each encounter the pairmember that attacked first and the one that ultimately established dominance were recorded. Also measured during the encounter were the total number of bites, resident bites, intruder bites, and jaw-locking frequency and duration. The results revealed that there was a significant resident advantage in the resident-larger group. The intruder-larger group resulted in a significant intruder dominance advantage. However, no significant dominance advantage occurred in the same-size group. As predicted by game theory, there was significantly less escalation of aggression in contests in which one combatant held both designated asymmetric cues (prior residence, size) than in contests in which one combatant had prior residence, or when these two asymmetric cues were divided between the pairmembers. The size asymmetry is more important in determining dominance than the prior-residence asymmetry, for the particular size-difference range selected in the present study.
Synchronization of power networks without and with communication infrastructures

The synchronization of power grid is studied by employing a simple model for the dynamics of generators. The interactions among generators and feedback control are represented by terms in the swing equation. When there is no communication network feeding back the wide area measurement, the system stability is determined by the largest eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix of the graph of the power network. When communication network is built such that control can be taken according to the measurement conveyed by the communication network, the system stability is determined by the largest eigenvalue of the weighted sum of the Laplacian matrices of the power network and communication network. The design of the communication network is studied by considering the greedy addition of communication links. Both exhaustive search and Rayleigh quotient approximation approaches are used for the communication network design. Numerical simulations for a 39-bus system are used for demonstrating the performance of the network design algorithms.
Identity, “Identology” and World Religions

Identity serves as a vehicle for World Religions (WRs), and WRs are indispensable in the study of identity—Identology. The concept “identity” itself has become an overly used deflationary term that has lost some of its connotation, authenticity, or effectiveness. The claim for a persistent identity is slowly becoming scarce or often illusory. This paper explores the meanings and manifestations of the terms “identity” and “identification,” and then reintroduces “sense of identity” as a more evocative construct for the 21st century, especially in the context of WRs. Sense of Identity is then operationalized into three primary components: 1) personal beliefs, 2) communal attributes, and 3) sociopolitical attitudes, or for the sake of brevity, beliefs, attributes, and attitudes. These three key components furnish a concentric model with beliefs at the core, attributes surrounding that core, and attitudes at the periphery. But this theoretical model is incomplete without a second pivotal structure of concentric circles drawn from different perceptions of Sense of History, with the personal view of history at the core, the communal view of history surrounding that core, and the dominant historiography inhabiting the periphery. These two structures may differ in their configuration from one person or community to another, and from one time to another, but they interact with, shape, and are shaped by, each other. Eventually, the two structures merge into one coherent, sensible, and emancipatory model for any discourse on WRs.
Options for medical treatment of myomas

It is evident that complex biochemical interactions are involved in the regulation of myoma growth, and ovarian steroid hormones have significant influence on this process. Current myoma therapies manipulate the hormonal environment to achieve myoma regression and control of bleeding. Although several of these therapies achieve some level of success, further studies are necessary to evaluate the current and long-term effects of these therapies. In clinical medicine each patient must be evaluated thoroughly, and the decision for medical therapy or surgery--and for which medical therapy--needs to be individualized. If one medical therapy does not work, several other effective therapies are available.
Design and synthesis of a peptide having chymotrypsin-like esterase activity

A peptide having enzyme-like catalytic activity has been designed and synthesized. Computer modeling was used to design a bundle of four short parallel amphipathic helical peptides bearing the serine protease catalytic site residues serine, histidine, and aspartic acid at the amino end of the bundle in the same spatial arrangement as in chymotrypsin (ChTr). The necessary "oxyanion hole" and substrate binding pocket for acetyltyrosine ethyl ester, a classical ChTr substrate, were included in the design. The four chains were linked covalently at their carboxyl ends. The peptide has affinity for ChTr ester substrates similar to that of ChTr and hydrolyzes them at rates approximately 0.01 that of ChTr; total turnovers greater than 100 have been observed. The peptide is inhibited by ChTr specific inhibitors and is inactive toward benzoyl arginine ethyl ester, a trypsin substrate. The peptide is inactivated by heating above 60 degrees C, but recovers full catalytic activity upon cooling and lyophilization from acetic acid.
33S and 17O nuclear magnetic resonance studies of aqueous methanesulfonic and trifluoromethanesulfonic acids

Abstract The 33S and 17O NMR linewidths of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMSA) and methanesulfonic acid (MSA) decrease at lower concentrations in aqueous solution. Plots of 33S and 17O relaxation times vs MSA concentration are linear between 8 and 0.2 M. Relaxation times at infinite dilution and the effects of temperature and decoupling are reported for MSA. Decreased concentration dependence above 8 M appears to be related to decreased ionization and substantial solvation changes. For TFMSA, a similar break is observed for 33S relaxation above 5 M but 17O relaxation was entirely linear. For MSA, relaxation times of both nuclei are linearly correlated with the degree of ionization. For both anions, the 33S chemical shifts are concentration independent, but downfield 17O shifts are observed at lower concentrations.