cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An extrapolation procedure for band-limited signals

In this paper, the task of extrapolating a time-truncated version of a band-limited signal shall be considered. It will be shown that the basic extrapolation operation is feasible for only a particular subset of the class of band-limited signals (i.e., the operation is well-posed mathematically). An efficient algorithmic method for achieving the desired extrapolation on this subset is then presented. This algorithm is structured so that all necessary signal manipulations involve signals which are everywhere zero except possibly on a finite "observation time" set. As a consequence, its implementation is straightforward and can be carried out in real time. This is to be contrasted with many existing extrapolation algorithms which theoretically involve operations on signals that are nonzero for almost all values of time. Their numerical implementation thereby necessitates an error producing time-truncation and a resultant deleterious effect on the corresponding extrapolation. Using straightforward algebraic operations, a convenient one-step extrapolation procedure is next developed. This is noteworthy in that this procedure thereby enables one to effectively circumvent any potentially slow convergence rate difficulties which typically characterize extrapolation algorithms. The effectiveness of this one-step procedure is demonstrated by means of two examples.
Fine structure constant obtained from an improved calculation of the electron g-2

A preliminary result is presented for an accurate determination of the fine-structure constant /spl alpha/ based on an improved evaluation of the sixth- and eighth-order radiative corrections to the electron anomalous magnetic moment /spl alpha//sub e/. In combination with a very precise measurement of /spl alpha//sub e/, this leads to the most accurate value of /spl alpha/ obtained thus far, with a relative standard uncertainty of less than 4/spl times/10/sup -9/.
Adjustment of the Ventilated Thermocline

The time dependence of the ventilated thermocline is examined via analytical and numerical means. The original Henderschott model is modified such that the outcrops all occur on the same geopotential surface, rather than at staggered geopotential surfaces. This model has the advantage that the ocean interior can be ventilated directly by the Sverdrup flow, rather than by western boundary processes. The propagation of disturbances governed by linearized forms of the three-layer or four-layer modified Henderschott model, nonlinear solutions of the full modified Henderschott model, and numerical solutions of the planetary geostrophic equations are considered. Low-frequency disturbances are predicted by the linear models to move on characteristics jointly set by advection and wave dynamics. It is shown that perturbations due to wind stress anomalies project strongly onto the first mode and propagate westward similarly to the classical first baroclinic Rossby mode. They do not experience much interaction with the mean flow (the so-called non-Doppler effect). On the other hand, perturbations generated by buoyancy anomalies have strong projections onto the second or third modes, and propagate along pathways very close to the mean circulation. Their speed is somewhat slower than the current speed, however. These properties appear in the linearized and simplified nonlinear models and their occurrence in planetary geostrophic results argues the relevance of the Henderschott model. Also, these properties are consistent with results from other studies.
The international POTS registry: Evaluating the efficacy of an exercise training intervention in a community setting

Background Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) affects primarily young women and impairs quality of life. We found that in a research setting, exercise training along with lifestyle intervention is effective as a nondrug therapy for POTS. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of our exercise training/lifestyle intervention in POTS patients in a community environment. Methods We established a POTS registry and enrolled 251 patients (86% women, aged 26 ± 11 [SD] years) through their physicians. A 3-month program involving mild- to moderate-intensity endurance training (progressing from semirecumbent to upright, 3–5 times/wk, 30–45 min/session) plus strength training was implemented along with increasing salt/water intake. The program was delivered to the physicians, who oversaw training in their patients. A 10-minute stand test was performed at the physician's office and patient quality of life was assessed using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey. Results One hundred and three patients completed the program. Of those that completed, 71% no longer qualified for POTS and were thus in remission. The increase in heart rate from supine to 10-minute stand was markedly lower (23 ± 14 vs 46 ± 17 beats/min before intervention; P P Conclusions A training/lifestyle intervention program can be implemented in a community setting with physician supervision and is effective in the treatment of POTS. It remains to be determined whether exercise can be an effective long-term treatment strategy for this condition, though patients are encouraged to maintain an active lifestyle indefinitely.
Prospective Capital Flows and Capital Movements: U.S. Dollar Versus Euro

What accounts for the dollar’s late-2008 surge against the euro after a multiyear decline? In this case, students consider whether the late-2008 dollar appreciation was an aberration, and what may have caused it. Would this trend reverse, or would global currency market trends continue to propel the dollar? Suitable for both core and elective MBA courses in global financial markets, this case explores factors pointing to further euro appreciation and to others favoring the dollar. Sorting through mounds of evidence is necessary before forecasting the exchange rate’s likely path. Filtering that evidence requires both relatively standard thinking about FX markets and an analysis of past and prospective international capital flows.
Equestrian injury is costly, disabling, and frequently preventable: the imperative for improved safety awareness.

Horse-related injury can be severe and disabling. We investigated the causes, severity, and costs of equestrian injury with the goal of injury prevention. A retrospective review of horse-related injuries from 2001 to 2008 identified 231 patients with a mean age of 38 years and a mean Injury Severity Score of 11 (range, 1 to 45). Mean length of stay was 5.5 days. Fifty-nine patients (25%) required 84 surgeries. Helmet use was 20 per cent and of the 172 patients not wearing a helmet while mounted, 38 per cent received potentially preventable head injuries. There were three deaths of which two were the result of intracranial hemorrhage in riders not wearing a helmet. Mean hospital charge was $29,800 for a total of $6.9 million. Ninety-one patients completed a survey regarding causation and disability. Thirty-four per cent reported wearing a helmet at the time of injury. Forty per cent reported that poor environmental factors contributed, 30 per cent reported poor horse and rider pairing, and 9 per cent reported equipment failure. Fifty-nine per cent reported long-term disabilities. Compared with the general population, respondents had diminution in their ability to perform usual daily activities associated with physical problems, diminution in social function, and higher bodily pain. We conclude that equestrian injury is costly, disabling, and frequently preventable. Language: en
Mechanical strain increases contractile enzyme activity in cultured airway smooth muscle cells

Smooth muscle hypertrophy is often found in tissue subjected to abnormal physical stress. To determine if physical stress (strain) per se could increase the contractile potential of airway smooth muscle (ASM), we compared cultured ASM cells subjected to strain to control cells (no strain) for rates of 1) myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)-mediated myosin light chain (LC20) phosphorylation, 2) actin-activated myosin ATPase, and 3) myosin light chain phosphatase-mediated myosin dephosphorylation. Lysates from strained cells showed increases in both LC20 phosphorylation activity and actomyosin ATPase activity but decreased rates of phosphatase-dependent myosin dephosphorylation. The increased LC20 phosphorylation activity and ATPase activity of the strained cells were accompanied by increases in cellular content of MLCK and myosin, respectively, compared with control. Because the cultured ASM cells exposed to strain expressed higher MLCK activity and actomyosin ATPase activity but lower myosin light chain phosphatase activity, these data suggest that physical stress in part determines ASM potential for contractile state.
Compilation and analysis of pre-columbian settlement data in the basin of mexico

A key component of archaeological research in the Basin of Mexico was a series of systematic regional surveys conducted between 1960 and 1975. This essay discusses efforts to finalize settlement data generated by those surveys, and preliminary analyses of the resulting dataset that include geographic information system applications to examine patterns of settlement over time. The paper begins by reviewing the surveys and the information they produced for more than 3,900 sites. Analyses of demographics, settlement hierarchies, and environmental patterning reveal periods of slow population increase and decrease that indicate no major demographic events, but noteworthy shifts in settlement types and environmental focus. Analyses of spatial patterning reveal evidence of considerable geographic shifts in settlement over time, probable widespread reliance on irrigation throughout much of the pre-Columbian basin, likely major shifts in adaptation to the central lake system in the region, and intraregional migration as a key demographic process in settlement patterning. Amid growing understanding of pre-Columbian settlement patterns in the Basin of Mexico, this paper also defines key research problems involving demographic mobility, the role of water control in adaptation and sociocultural evolution, and implications of changing environmental emphasis in settlement patterning.
The Monkey Kid: A Personal Glimpse into the Cultural Revolution

Wang, Xiao-Yen (Director/Writer), The Monkey Kid (1995). San Francisco, Calif.: Beijing–San Francisco Film Group. Also released in France by Les Films du Parodoxe under the title, La Mome Singe (1997). 95 minutes. Mandarin Chinese with English subtitles.
Quantum Optics in the Undergraduate Teaching Laboratory

We describe several experiments which use individual photons and entangled photon pairs to explore fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics in an undergraduate teaching laboratory. These experiments include single photon interference and tests of local realism.
A population-based study of circumcision and non-HIV sexually transmitted infections in a contemporary group of African American men: the flint men's health study

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: An estimated 19 million new sexually transmitted infections (STI) are reported annually in the United States, which cost the health care system $17 billion each year. The relationship between circumcision and STI risk remains controversial, despite several randomized controlled trials out of Africa demonstrating that circumcision reduces the rate of HIV transmission by up to 76%. We sought to assess potential variable risk of non-HIV sexually transmitted infections among a large community-based cohort of circumcised and uncircumcised African American men. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Flint Men’s Health Study, a population-based cohort study of African American men. 817 men, ages 40-79, from Genesee County, Michigan provided information on clinical and sociodemographic characteristics, and sexual and reproductive health and practices. Relevant data collected included information on demographics, circumcision history, STI history, and sexual behaviors. Differences in the distributions of these factors by circumcision and STI status were examined and tested using Pearson chi-squared tests. Additionally, a multivariate logistic regression examined the association between circumcision and STI, controlling for age, income, and number of sexual partners. RESULTS: Overall, 51% of men were circumcised with nearly 60% of circumcisions occurring in the first year of life. Men aged 40-49 (58.5%) were circumcised more than older men (55.9%, 44.1%, and 44.0% of men aged 50-59, 60-69, and 70-79, respectively, p 1⁄4 0.0026). 55% of men reported some history of STI with lower income associated with a higher rate of STI (p 1⁄4 0.015). Men with the greatest number of sexual partners generally had the highest rates of STI (p < 0.0001). There was no significant association between circumcision status and STI in the multivariable model. CONCLUSIONS: After adjusting for known confounders, men in our study who were uncircumcised were not any more likely to report a history of STI. Our data may challenge common beliefs regarding the protective nature of circumcision against STI, which have mostly been extrapolated from studies looking at HIV rates in primarily non-American men. Further investigation may elucidate the complicated relationship between circumcision and STI and help draw lasting conclusions on the potential protective benefit of circumcision in American males.
Study of the Living Virus of Infectious Myxoma of Rabbits by High Power Microscopy

preparations of living ectromelia virus. For preliminary examination he employed a high-power, dark-ground illumination, while for photographic images of submicroscopic forms by ultraviolet light, he utilized a dark ground illuminator made of quartz in its refracting elements and of magnalium in its reflecting surfaces. By this mean preparations could be brought into focus by using visible light, and photographed with ultraviolet light. He observed minute particles, identical in size and appearance, in the homogeneous matrix of characteristic inclusion bodies of infectious ectromelia. Their size, as measured directly from the photomicrographs, corresponded with that calculated for the infective units from experiments on differential filtration which were performed by Elford.1 Bland and Canti2 in 1935 made a
Practical teaching discussion about VB programming in higher vocational colleges

Practical ability and innovative spirit are important connotations.On the basis of VB practical teaching,this papea sets up four modules depending on three platforms in order to enhance practical ability and innovative spirit of students and to arouse students' studying initiative and creativity to improve teaching quality and reinforce employability and competitiveness of students of higher vocation colleges.
Gonadotropin Binding Sites in Human Postmenopausal Ovaries

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity and gonadotropin binding sites were localized within seven postmenopausal ovaries. G6PD was localized in the cells of cortical stroma and hilus using a histochemical technique for the reduction of the tetrazolium salt, Nitro-Blue tetrazolium. Gonadotropin binding sites were localized by autoradiography following incubation of ovarian sections with 125 I-labeled gonadotropins. The binding sites for both 125 I-labeled luteinizing hormone ( 125 I-hLH) and 125 I-labeled follicle-stimulating hormone ( 125 I-hFSH) were identified in the cortical stroma and hilus cells. Since these cells contain G6PD and other enzymes necessary for steroidogenesis and also have the capacity to bind both hLH and hFSH, steroidogenesis in postmenopausal ovaries appears to be controlled by circulatting gonadotropins. Blood vessels within postmenopausal ovaries also bound both gonadotropins, but 125 I-hFSH binding was often more intense than 125 I-hLH binding.
Whither the Reference Desk? 20th Century Values in a 21st Century Service Model

Column Editor's NotesThis column examines advances in public services internal and external to libraries. The focus is on how public services, such as instruction and education, programming, research consulting, and circulation evolve and impact users. The strength of the column is its broad, international focus and contributors are encouraged to explore issues and recent advances in public services relevant to their geographical region, as well as the larger, global audience. Interested contributors should contact the column editor at andrea.falcone@ucdenver.edu.
Drugs Affecting TRP Channels

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are both common respiratory diseases that are associated with airflow reduction/obstruction and pulmonary inflammation. Whilst drug therapies offer adequate symptom control for many mild to moderate asthmatic patients, severe asthmatics and COPD patients symptoms are often not controlled, and in these cases, irreversible structural damage occurs with disease progression over time. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, in particular TRPV1, TRPA1, TRPV4 and TRPM8, have been implicated with roles in the regulation of inflammation and autonomic nervous control of the lungs. Evidence suggests that inflammation elevates levels of activators and sensitisers of TRP channels and additionally that TRP channel expression may be increased, resulting in excessive channel activation. The enhanced activity of these channels is thought to then play a key role in the propagation and maintenance of the inflammatory disease state and neuronal symptoms such as bronchoconstriction and cough. For TRPM8 the evidence is less clear, but as with TRPV1, TRPA1 and TRPV4, antagonists are being developed by multiple companies for indications including asthma and COPD, which will help in elucidating their role in respiratory disease.
Enregisterment: How linguistic items become linked with ways of speaking

A key question for sociolinguistics is how communicative signs and sets of signs come to index styles, identities, activities, genres, dialects, and other social and communicative practices. The concept of “enregisterment,” borrowed from linguistic anthropologists in the Piercian semiotic tradition, provides a useful heuristic for thinking about this process. This article offers a definition of enregisterment and considers each of its facets in turn. Using examples from research conducted in a U.S. city, the article answers these questions: What sorts of forms, linguistic and other, can become indexically linked with a way of speaking? What are the social and functional categories with which ways of speaking can be associated? What are the agents of enregisterment; what makes it happen? What ideological schemas can make it make sense to enregister a form in a particular way? And finally, under what interactional and historical conditions does the enregisterment of particular ways of speaking tend to occur?
Nanofabrication of photonic devices from single-crystal diamond for quantum information processing (QIP)

We would like to thank all contributors to the work summarized here: Y. Zhang, M. Khan, M. McCutcheon, Q. Quan, I. Bulu, K. Martinick, K. Smith, J. Maze, A. Kubanek, B. Shields, Y. Chu, N. de Leon, R. Evans, A. Zibrov, P. Hemmer, S. Hong, P. Maletinsky, H. Park, A. Yacoby and M. Lukin. We thank D. Twitchen and M. Markham from Element Six for their support and for providing samples. We also thank F. Huber, E. Togan, F. Jelezko, M. Grinolds, C. L. Yu, O. Bakr, K.P. Chen, V. Shalaev, P. Deotare and H. Atikian for their help. Devices were fabricated in the Center for Nanoscale Systems (CNS) at Harvard. J.T.C. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) graduate student fellowship. B.J.M.H. gratefully acknowledges support from the Harvard Quantum Optics Center (HQOC). M.J.B. is supported in part by the Natural Science and Engineering Council (NSERC) of Canada. T.M.B. acknowledges support from NSF and National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) student fellowships. M. Loncar acknowledges support from the Sloan Foundation. This work was supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (QuEST, QuASAR and QuINESS programs), Harvard University’s Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), an NSF Nanotechnology and Interdisciplinary Research Team grant (ECCS-0708905), the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Faculty Initiated Collaboration Award (FIC/2010/02), and AFOSR MURI (grant FA9550-12-1-0025).
Multi-modal Sensing for Distracted Driving Mitigation Using Cameras and Crowdsourcing

Driving-related accidents and human casualties are on the rise in the US and around the globe (Brace et al. in Analysis of the literature: the use of mobile phones while driving, 2007). The US government spends more than 10 billion dollars a year to address the aftermath of accidents caused due to distracted driving and driving in dangerous conditions.
HISTORY IN TODAY'S BUSINESS SCHOOL

Members of the American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business were surveyed to determine to what extent the history of various business school subjects (accounting, economics, management, etc.) was a part of today's curricula. Findings indicated widespread teaching of history and the feeling that more should be done. However, the findings also indicate that much of the current teaching is not being done in separate courses by professional historians or even those interested in history. Implications for curricula development are discussed.
A pilot randomized clinical trial testing integrated 12-Step facilitation (iTSF) treatment for adolescent substance use disorder.

Background and Aims Integration of 12-step philosophy and practices is common in adolescent substance use disorder (SUD) treatment programs, particularly in North America. However, although numerous experimental studies have tested 12-step facilitation (TSF) treatments among adults, no studies have tested TSF-specific treatments for adolescents. We tested the efficacy of a novel integrated TSF. Design Explanatory, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial comparing 10 sessions of either motivational enhancement therapy/cognitive-behavioral therapy (MET/CBT; n=30) or a novel integrated TSF (iTSF; n=29) with follow-up assessments at 3-, 6-, and 9-months following treatment entry. Setting Outpatient addiction clinic in the USA. Participants Adolescents (N=59; M age=16.8 [1.7]; range 14-21; 27% female; 78% White). Intervention and comparator The iTSF integrated 12-step with motivational and cognitive-behavioral strategies, and was compared with state-of-the-art MET/CBT for SUD. Measurements Primary outcome: percent days abstinent (PDA); Secondary outcomes: 12-step attendance, substance-related consequences, longest period of abstinence, proportion abstinent/mostly abstinent, psychiatric symptoms. Findings Primary Outcome: PDA was not significantly different across treatments (b=0.08,CI95%-0.08 to 0.24, p=.33; Bayes Factor=0.28). Secondary Outcomes: During treatment, iTSF patients had substantially greater 12-step attendance, but this advantage declined thereafter (b=-0.87; CI95% -1.67 to 0.07, p=.03). iTSF did show a significant advantage at all follow-up points for substance-related consequences (b=-0.42; CI95% -0.80 to -0.04, ps <.05; effect size range d=0.26 to 0.71). Other secondary outcomes did not differ significantly between treatments but effect sizes tended to favor iTSF. Across the entire sample, greater 12-step meeting attendance was associated significantly with longer abstinence during (r=0.39, p=.008), and early following (r=0.30, p=.049), treatment. Conclusion Compared with motivational enhancement therapy/cognitive-behavioral therapy (MET/CBT), in terms of abstinence, a novel integrated 12-step facilitation treatment for adolescent substance use disorder (iTSF) showed no greater benefits, but did show benefits in terms of 12-step attendance and consequences. Given widespread use of combinations of 12-step, MET, and CBT in adolescent community outpatient settings in North America, iTSF may provide an integrated evidence-based option that is compatible with existing practices.
With Maps and Mobs: Searching for Trustworthiness using Belief Spaces

The detection of echo chambers and information bubbles is becoming increasingly relevant in this era of polarized information. It may be possible to evaluate information trustworthiness by examining the behavior of individuals in belief space rather than evaluating the information itself, which is a harder problem. To explore this, I propose to research a model for information retrieval that integrates two levels of information interaction. On the individual level, I leverage Munson and Resnick»s diversity-seeker, confirmer, and avoider patterns. At a group level, I integrate individual behaviors according to Moskivici»s work on crowd polarization. These perspectives have been integrated in a simulation that employs insights from animal collective behavior to model agent groups, which enable the systematic exploration of belief navigation behaviors that can be detected algorithmically. Viewing information retrieval from the perspective of belief spaces may shed light on current practices and lay out consideration for future design work.
Overview, Structure and Function of the Nephron

The kidneys are responsible for the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance, the excretion of waste products such as urea and creatinine, and the overall maintenance of the extracellular environment. In addition, a large volume of fluid is filtered through the kidneys daily. In order to prevent massive losses in the urine, the kidneys must recover the bulk of filtered solutes, including amino acids, glucose, calcium, potassium and phosphorus. Finally, the kidneys secrete multiple hormones, including renin, angiotensin II, calcitriol (1.25 Vitamin D) and erythropoietin.
Improving the Thermal Conductivity of UO2 Fuel with the Addition of Graphite Fibers

The commercial nuclear power industry is investing heavily in advanced fuels that can produce higher power levels with a higher safety margin and be manufactured at low cost. Although chemically stable and inexpensive to manufacture, UO2 fuel is limited by its thermal conductivity. If the fuel thermal conductivity could be increased, existing nuclear reactors would be able to operate at higher powers and new reactors could be designed with higher power densities, thus decreasing the overall cost of electricity and the number of new electrical generating plants needed to meet demand. Movement to higher U-235 enrichments and fuel burnups is limited by UO2 thermal conductivity, which decreases with fuel burnup. Preliminary studies indicate that adding 1% to 5% by volume of long, thin fibers having a high thermal conductivity can substantially increase the bulk thermal conductivity of standard UO2 fuel with minimal decreases in its fissile inventory. The fibers need to remain intact to act as the primary path for transferring heat energy out of the fuel and therefore need to not chemically interact with the UO2 fuel.
The Physical State of Water in Living Cells

The end of Chapter 2 documented the strong influence of A. V. Hill in the rejection of the earlier theories of “bound K+” and “bound water” in cells. Hill’s argument was essentially that the evidence supports the concept of free water in cells, and that if the water is free, K+ also must be free. In the first half of the preceding chapter, I documented the recent evidence that proves the localization of K+ in muscle and its adsorption on fixed carboxyl groups. I now reverse Hill’s argument: If all K+ is not free, water cannot be free either. That is to say, if K+ is not available to reduce the thermodynamic activity of cell water to equal that of the environment, then the cell volume can be maintained only if the water is associated with intracellular macromolecules.
26. Laparoscopic Splenectomy

Laparoscopic splenectomy requires a good understanding of the anatomy of splenic vasculature. It can be performed with an initial mobilization of the spleen (posterior approach) or division of the splenic vessels first (anterior approach) which is our preferred method. Careful partial splenectomy is feasible but requires advanced laparoscopic skills and previous laparoscopic splenectomy experience. The learning curve for laparoscopic splenectomy is about 30 cases.
Type-2 Fuzzy Sets and Beyond

This chapter explains why I started working on type-2 fuzzy sets and systems and the contributions made by my students, colleagues and myself to this field. It also predicts a very rosy outlook for this field.
Riemann’s Theorem on the Singularities of Θ

Riemann’s singularity theorem expresses the order of vanishing of the ϑ-function at a point ζ ∈ Θ in terms of dim |D|, where D ≥ 0 is a divisor of degree g − 1 with ζ − κ = A(D). Riemann proves this by relating this order to the vanishing of ϑ on sets of the form W r − W r − ζ (Uber das Verschwinden der Theta-Functionen).
Mental Models of Groundwater Residence: A Deeper Understanding of Students' Preconceptions as a Resource for Teaching and Learning about Groundwater and Aquifers.

There is a growing need for public understanding about groundwater resources. Knowing what groundwater and aquifers are is fundamental to understanding more complex issues such as groundwater quality and availability. However, groundwater and related concepts are among the topics that instructors most struggle to teach. Although constructivist theories suggest that students’ preconceptions or misconceptions can be used as teaching tools, the question about exactly how remains. A resource perspective on this question states the first step involves understanding students’ preconceptions. To gain a deeper understanding of college students’ pre-instructional mental models about groundwater residence, 215 students enrolled in introductory-level environmental geoscience courses taught at two large US state universities were surveyed. An open-ended questionnaire asked participants to draw and label a concept sketch. Follow-up interviews asked participants to elaborate upon their concept sketches. Eight categories of mental models emerged from the analysis of the collected data. These results were interpreted through the lens of cognitive schema theory, which generated to four patterns of mental models. These patterns emphasize key aspects of students’ pre-instructional mental models about groundwater residence. Instructors can use this information to design instructional activities about groundwater and aquifers using a resource perspective.
“We Are Book Eight”: Dialoging the collective imagination through literary fan activism:

This paper will explore how individuals employ imagination through collective action. First, I will outline a definition of imagination, focusing on how the dialogic nature of imagination provides ...
Targeting intramolecular proteinase NS2B/3 cleavages for trans-dominant inhibition of dengue virus

Many positive-strand RNA viruses translate their genomes as single polyproteins that are processed by host and viral proteinases to generate all viral protein products. Among these is dengue virus, which encodes the serine proteinase NS2B/3 responsible for seven different cleavages in the polyprotein. NS2B/3 has been the subject of many directed screens to find chemical inhibitors, of which the compound ARDP0006 is among the most effective at inhibiting viral growth. We show that at least three cleavages in the dengue polyprotein are exclusively intramolecular. By definition, such a cis-acting defect cannot be rescued in trans. This creates the possibility that a drug-susceptible or inhibited proteinase can be genetically dominant, inhibiting the outgrowth of drug-resistant virus via precursor accumulation. Indeed, an NS3-G459L variant that is incapable of cleavage at the internal NS3 junction dominantly inhibited negative-strand RNA synthesis of wild-type virus present in the same cell. This internal NS3 cleavage site is the junction most inhibited by ARDP0006, making it likely that the accumulation of toxic precursors, not inhibition of proteolytic activity per se, explains the antiviral efficacy of this compound in restraining viral growth. We argue that intramolecularly cleaving proteinases are promising drug targets for viruses that encode polyproteins. The most effective inhibitors will specifically target cleavage sites required for processing precursors that exert trans-dominant inhibition.
"Minding the Gaps": Career Navigators as an Illustration for Supporting Student Growth and Learning.

ABSTRACTThis study synthesizes lessons learned about the promising role of career navigators at community colleges to aid students in the transitions through disjunctures in their careers. Career n...
Taxes and Industrial Structure

Microeconomics assumes that business firms respond to changing costs and prices. Taxes impose costs of businesses, and tax breaks help industries grow. This paper discusses the dynamics of governme...
Sign Language: A Visual Analysis of Black Lives Matter Signs of Protest Through Student Discussions

Using Miroslav Volf’s “double vision” perspective from Exclusion and Embrace, this study focuses on learning participant perceptions of the Black Lives Matter movement through the signs that protesters carry. By using a three-step methodological approach of surveys, focus groups, and piling, this research reveals the importance of communal participation in research and how participants at a primarily white institution of higher education in the Mid-South reveal contextual themes that are relevant for the church today. The contextual analysis of 50 Black Lives Matter (BLM) photographs by 78 participants indicate that they have an overall positive perception of the BLM movement. Participants also used the visual data as an opportunity to discuss, reflect on, and identify key themes from the protest signs. Study findings suggest that participants valued being a part of the research and the opportunity for contextualization.
600.66 Transcatheter Pledget-Assisted Suture Tricuspid Annuloplasty (PASTA): First-in-Human Report

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a malignant disease with high surgical mortality. Pledget-Assisted Suture Tricuspid Annuloplasty (PASTA) is a percutaneous annular repair to create a double orifice tricuspid valve using marketed equipment. An 83-year-old man with torrential defibrillator-lead
Recruiting and Retaining Young Urban Black Men in a Study of Violence: Procedures Used and Lessons Learned:

We conducted a study about three common recruitment and retention obstacles facing scholars interested in racial disparities research: potential mistrust from the black community, a stigmatized res...
Patients on Involuntary Hold Status in the Emergency Department.

Objectives Patients requiring involuntary holds are frequently seen in the emergency department (ED). Much of what is known comes from studies of patients at urban academic centers. Our aim was to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who were evaluated while on involuntary status at a suburban ED. Methods The medical records of patients seen in the ED requiring involuntary hold status between January 1, 2014 and November 30, 2015 were reviewed. Demographic and clinical variables including medical and psychiatric comorbidity were collected. A subanalysis was performed comparing patients who attempted suicide with all other involuntary patients. Results Two hundred fifty-one patient records were reviewed; 215 patients (85.3%) had psychiatric disorders-depression was the most common (57%)-and 108 patients (43%) had substance use disorders. Only 13 patients (5.2%) had neither a psychiatric disorder nor a history of substance use. Twenty-two patients (8.8%) were violent in the ED. Thirteen patients (5.2%) were readmitted, and 1 patient died within 30 days of discharge from the ED. One hundred twenty-four patients (49.4%) had medical disorders. Suicidal ideation was the most common reason for involuntary hold (n = 185, 73.7%); 63 patients (25.1%) attempted suicide. Compared with other involuntary patients, the patients who attempted suicide were less likely to use opiates (odds ratio 0.27, 95% confidence interval 0.08-0.94, P = 0.04) and to have medical disorders (odds ratio 0.52, 95% confidence interval 0.28-0.98, P = 0.04). Conclusions Patients in this study differed from those in urban centers with respect to sex and psychiatric disorder; however, substance misuse was common in both settings. Suicidal ideation including suicide attempt was the most common reason for involuntary status. Patients who attempted suicide were similar to other patients on involuntary hold with respect to demographic and clinical variables.
Compatibility of ondansetron hydrochloride with meperidine hydrochloride for combined administration

Objective:To determine the physical compatibility and chemical stability of ondansetron hydrochloride 0.1 and 1 mg/mL with meperidine hydrochloride 4 mg/mL admixed in NaCl 0.9% injection USP.Design:Triplicate test solutions of the drugs in NaCl 0.9% injection USP were prepared and stored at 4,22, and 32 °C. Samples were removed initially and at various time points over 31 days and were stored at −70 °C until they were analyzed. Physical compatibility was assessed by measuring solution turbidity with a color-correcting turbidimeter and particle content with a light-obscuration particle sizer/counter, as well as by visual assessment. Chemical stability of the drugs was determined using a stability-indicating HPLC analytic method. Duplicate determinations were performed on each sample to measure the concentration of each drug.Results:All admixtures were found to exhibit no visual or subvisual changes of consequence in turbidity or particle content at all observation points. Further, little or no loss of any ...
Optimizing Levothyroxine Dose Adjustment After Thyroidectomy With a Decision Tree.

Abstract Background After thyroidectomy, patients require Levothyroxine (LT4). It may take years of dose adjustments to achieve euthyroidism. During this time, patients encounter undesirable symptoms associated with hypo- or hyper-thyroidism. Currently, providers adjust LT4 dose by clinical estimation, and no algorithm exists. The objective of this study was to build a decision tree that could estimate LT4 dose adjustments and reduce the time to euthyroidism. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort analysis on 320 patients who underwent total or completion thyroidectomy at our institution. All patients required one or more LT4 dose adjustments from their initial postoperative dose before attaining euthyroidism. Using the Classification and Regression Tree algorithm, we built various decision trees from patient characteristics, estimating the dose adjustment to reach euthyroidism. Results The most accurate decision tree used thyroid-stimulating hormone values at first dose adjustment (mean absolute error = 13.0 μg). In comparison, the expert provider and naive system had a mean absolute error of 11.7 μg and 17.2 μg, respectively. In the evaluation dataset, the decision tree correctly predicted the dose adjustment within the smallest LT4 dose increment (12.5 μg) 79 of 106 times (75%, confidence interval = 65%-82%). In comparison, expert provider estimation correctly predicted the dose adjustment 76 of 106 times (72%, confidence interval = 62%-80%). Conclusions A decision tree predicts the correct LT4 dose adjustment with an accuracy exceeding that of a completely naive system and comparable to that of an expert provider. It can assist providers inexperienced with LT4 dose adjustment.
Fracture of refractories

Fracture of refractories is considered from the traditional strength point of view and from the perspective of fracture mechanics. Strength and fracture toughness are related through the aggregate sizing of refractories, which illustrates the importance of the microstructural aspects of the refractory aggregate to the strength. The J-integral analysis methodology and the wedge-splitting experimental technique are both reviewed as they are useful to address the nonlinear load-displacement character of refractories. The latter is associated with the concept of a rising R-curve, which is discussed from the phenomenological point of view. The rising R-curve is directly related to the refractory aggregates through toughening mechanisms that are active in the crack process zones, both in front of and behind an extending crack. The refractory toughening processes are responsible for the nonlinear portions of the stress-strain and load-displacement curves, or diagrams and the rising R-curves. Thermal shock damage, which is originally addressed from the conventional strength viewpoint, is then considered within the rising R-curve concept. It is concluded that the refractory aggregates, their size and distribution in a refractory body, assume an absolutely critical role in refractory fracture phenomena. This is because of the crucial role that aggregates assume in the following wake region of a crack. The aggregate distribution must be the focus of microstructural design for improved fracture characteristics when all other factors are equal in a refractory body.
Determinants of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function and Exertional Symptoms in Adults With Coarctation of Aorta.

Background: Coarctation of aorta (COA) results in chronic left ventricular (LV) pressure overload and subsequently leads to LV diastolic dysfunction and heart failure over time. The goal of COA int...
The Diagnosis of Autism: From Kanner to DSM-III to DSM-5 and Beyond.

In this paper we review the impact of DSM-III and its successors on the field of autism—both in terms of clinical work and research. We summarize the events leading up to the inclusion of autism as a “new” official diagnostic category in DSM-III, the subsequent revisions of the DSM, and the impact of the official recognition of autism on research. We discuss the uses of categorical vs. dimensional approaches and the continuing tensions around broad vs. narrow views of autism. We also note some areas of current controversy and directions for the future.
Shear Behaviour of Steel Girder with Web-Corrugated Core Sandwich Panels

Last few decades, corrugated web steel girders have the foremost widespread and used steel constructions due to their lightweight and high load carrying capacity compared with the stiffened flat web. This study aims to comprise an experimental work by testing ten specimens to improve the girders shear resistance. One reference specimen with a flat web in addition to nine models that are categorised to three groups in which each group differs in the corrugation shape. Rectangular, trapezoidal and triangular corrugation shapes of different heights (20, 40, and 60 mm) were utilised. All specimens used in the study have equal weight, which is approximately 30 kilograms per specimen. The experimental work included measuring the ultimate load capacities and load-deflection curves. Results showed that different failure modes were observed for those beams. It was also found that the beam with trapezoidal corrugation web has an increase in its strength by nearly 28% compared with the reference beam.
Ectima gangrenoso, manifestación cutánea infrecuente de una infección por diversos agentes

El ectima gangrenoso es un trastorno infeccioso infrecuente clasicamente relacionado a bacteriemia, descrito principalmente en poblaciones inmunodeprimidas. El agente mas comunmente relacionado es Pseudomonas aeruginosa, sin embargo, se han descrito otras etiologias bacterianas, hongos filamentosos y levaduras. Su patogenesis esta dada por la invasion de la pared de los vasos sanguineos, causando trombosis arterial y venosa, desencadenando necrosis de epidermis y tejidos subdermicos. Clinicamente, se manifiesta como maculas, vesiculas o pustulas hemorragicas que evolucionan a ulceras de superficie necrotica rodeadas por un halo eritematoso caracteristico, habitualmente en un contexto clinico de sepsis. El diagnostico de este cuadro es clinico, sin embargo, el estudio microbiologico es clave en la identificacion del agente etiologico y un posterior tratamiento dirigido. En su manejo es esencial una alta sospecha clinica y el inicio de tratamiento antibiotico en forma precoz. La duracion del tratamiento es variable y en algunos casos debe asociarse a debridacion quirurgica. El pronostico es variable dependiendo de multiples factores: estado inmunologico, agente etiologico, presencia de sepsis y el tiempo de inicio de tratamiento.
Dural Tear During Thoracic Laminectomy Using Craniotome With Footplate Attachment

Laminectomy can be accomplished using the craniotome with a footplate attachment, and the technique has been advanced as a superior alternative to using a high-speed drill-driven burr and Kerrison rongeurs. Laminectomy can be accomplished more rapidly and with less bone destruction, an advantage when planning laminoplasty. There is, however, scant literature describing complications of dural laceration using this technique. A 48-year-old male underwent T7-10 laminectomy for resection of an intramedullary spinal cord tumor. During the upward cut of the hemi-lamina at T7-9, a dural laceration occurred that proved not amenable to direct suture closure. The dural was closed with a dural patch placed along the inner surface of the dura and a fat graft on the outer surface with adjunctive use of a lumbar drain. While the footplate laminectomy technique has merits touted in prior publications, including the ability to open the spinal canal quickly at numerous levels and an enhanced ability to achieve an osteoplastic laminoplasty, surgeons should be cognizant of the risk of associated dural laceration. We believe that it is important to emphasize that the initial placement of the lip of the footplate must be well-seated under the inferior aspect of the lowest lamina and over the ligamentum flavum and that the footplate should not be directed beyond the border of the laminae and facet, as this can result in dura and root injury.
Engineering Multifunctional Spacer Fabrics Through Machine Knitting

Machine knitting is an increasingly accessible fabrication technology for producing custom soft goods. However, recent machine knitting research has focused on knit shaping, or on adapting hand-knitting patterns. We explore a capability unique to machine knitting: producing multilayer spacer fabrics. These fabrics consist of two face layers connected by a monofilament filler yarn which gives the structure stiffness and volume. We show how to vary knit patterning and yarn parameters in spacer fabrics to produce tactile materials with embedded functionality for forming soft actuated mechanisms and sensors with tunable density, stiffness, material bias, and bristle properties. These soft mechanisms can be rapidly produced on a computationally-controlled v-bed knitting machine and integrated directly into soft objects.
Patient Perspective of People with HIV Who Gained Medicaid Through Medicaid Expansion: A Cross-Sectional Qualitative Study.

Given the large numbers of people with HIV (PWH) with Medicaid coverage, it is important to understand the patient experience with Medicaid. Understanding experiences with and attitudes around the ...