cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bringing Skin Assessments to Life Using Human Patient Simulation: an Emphasis on Cancer Prevention and Early Detection

Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States, with about 1,000,000 people developing the disease each year. The incidence of melanoma has rapidly increased in young white women between the ages of 15–34 over the last three decades. While melanoma accounts for approximately 3% of skin cancers, it causes more than 75% of skin cancer deaths. Thorough skin assessments and awareness of new or changing appearance of skin lesions are critical to early detection and treatment of skin cancer, as well as teaching sun-protective behaviors. Educators created a novel approach to “bring to life” skin cancer assessment skills to promote awareness of prevention and early detection of skin cancer using moulage in a human patient simulation lab. Through the use of moulage-like lesions, simulated patients were evaluated and taught skin cancer prevention and early detection principles by baccalaureate nursing students. The average age of study participants (n = 104) was 26.50 years. The majority of responders were female. At the end of the lab, students’ average responses to an evaluation based on program goals were very positive. Anecdotal comments affirmed positive student perceptions of their simulation experience. Data analyses indicated item means were consistently higher for upper-division students. The age and gender of students who participated in this study align with the NCI statistics on age and gender of the population with increased incidence of melanoma.
Experience and assessment of stress corrosion cracking in L-grade stainless steel BWR internals

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) rate of reactor internals of boiling water reactors (BWR) continues to increase with on-line operating years. The recent occurrences of cracking in the weld heat affected zones of high carbon stainless steel core shrouds correlate with the years of operation and the water chemistry history. Recently, cracking has also been found in shrouds that were constructed of low carbon or stabilized stainless steels. While these steels are more resistant to intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) in the as-fabricated condition, this field experience establishes that the conditions under which the materials will crack in core structures are attributable to the combined effects of high residual stresses, associated with the shroud construction, the presence of a more aggressive, oxidizing environment in the core and to microstructural changes in the material. These changes result from the manufacturing process as well as thermal exposure during operation. Studies of materials that have cracked in the field, as well as high temperature material studies in the laboratory, are being performed to understand the mechanisms. The use of highly oxidizing, high purity water environments is integral to reproducing the conditions for cracking. The status of the laboratory efforts to gain understanding and to verify the mechanisms are presented. Modeling of IGSCC is also a key tool used to understand the cracking behavior of the low carbon stainless steels. The PLEDGE (Plant Life Extension Diagnosis by GE) model is used to support the hypotheses that tie together the role of the different contributing elements: residual stress, core water chemistry and microstructural features. The crack growth modeling is also used to evaluate the benefits of different strategies to manage and mitigate cracking of reactor internals such as hydrogen water chemistry.
The Environment and Male Fertility: Recent Research on Emerging Chemicals and Semen Quality

Scientific and public concern about the potential risk of environmental chemicals to male reproductive health has been heightened by reports of downward trends in semen quality, as well as increased rates of developmental urogenital tract anomalies and testicular cancer. Of particular concern is whether some contemporary-use environmental chemicals alter semen quality. Specific toxicants of interest include phthalates and pesticides, as well as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The human data on the relationship of semen quality with phthalate and pesticide exposure are limited and do not currently allow for a definitive conclusion on whether adult exposure, at background environmental levels, alters semen quality. However, the epidemiologic data support an inverse association of PCBs with reduced semen quality, specifically reduced sperm motility. The associations found were generally consistent across studies despite a range of PCB levels. In addition to the chemicals discussed, there are additional classes of chemicals that require further study on their relation with human semen quality.
Changes of epidural pressures after experimental occlusion of one middle cerebral artery in cats

Epidural pressures (EDP) were measured in 29 cats. Twenty cats had the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) occluded; pentobarbital was used for anesthesia for 10 of these, and halothane was used for the other 10. Two cats had sham operations: the MCA was manipulated but not occluded. Seven cats were used for testing the reliability of the EDP devices. EDP was measured successfully and was directly related to the swelling of the brain and to the size of the cerebral infarct resulting from MCA occlusion. Side-to-side pressure gradients were demonstrated in 7 cats with marked increases of EDP after occlusion; in these cats, EDP may have reflected the pressure of compressed cerebral tissue rather than the pressure of cerebrospinal fluid. Cats anesthetized with pentobarbital had greater increases of EDP and died before the end of the period of observation more frequently than cats anesthetized with halothane, probably because of respiratory depression and slower recovery with pentobarbital. Measurements of EDP may be useful for studies of the treatment of cerebral edema in experimental models of acute cerebral ischemia.
Incidence and Magnitude of Structurally Imposed Retinal Image Size Differences

Stereoscopic distortion results when retinal image size differences are induced by aniseikonic lenses. In the present study an attempt was made to determine with what frequency and magnitude retinal image size differences occur ‘naturally,’ on the basis of structural differences between the two eyes. An analysis of data from the opthalmologic literature was carried out. The results suggested that substantial retinal image-size-differences occur in the population studied. An adaptation hypothesis was briefly examined in an effort to account for the fact that instances of stereoscopic distortion are relatively infrequent.
Liquidity-Based Competition for Order Flow

We present a microstructure model of competition for order flow between exchanges based on liquidity provision. We find that neither a pure limit order market (PLM) nor a hybrid specialist/limit order market (HM) structure is competition-proof. A PLM can always be supported in equilibrium as the dominant market (i.e., where the hybrid limit book is empty), but an HM can also be supported, for some market parameterizations, as the dominant market. We also show the possible coexistence of competing markets. Order preferencing—that is, decisions about where orders are routed when investors are indifferent—is a key determinant of market viability. Welfare comparisons show that competition between exchanges can increase as well as reduce the cost of liquidity. Active competition between exchanges for order flow in cross-listed securities is intense in the current financial marketplace. Examples include rivalries between the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), crossing networks, and ECNs and between the London Stock Exchange, the Paris Bourse, and other continental markets for equity trading and between Eurex and London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange (LIFFE) for futures volume. While exchanges compete along many dimensions (e.g., “payment for order flow,” transparency, execution speed), liquidity and “price improvement” will, in our view, be the key variables driving competition in the future. Over time, high-cost markets should be driven out of business as investors switch to cheaper trading venues. Moreover, “market structure” is increasingly singled out by regulators, exchanges, and other market participants as a major determinant of liquidity. 1
Modeling of Diffusion Effects on Step-Growth Polymerizations

The effect of diffusion on linear, step-growth polymerizations has been quantified via “chain-by-chain” simulations of the polymerization process and a diffusion model consistent with reptation theories. The results show that diffusion limitations can narrow the molecular weight distribution and alter the way it evolves during polymerization; e.g., when diffusion is the limiting step, the polydispersity index (PDI1 = Mw/Mn) converges to a value of ∼1.3 at complete conversion. Nevertheless, diffusion limitations have little effect on the time dependence of conversion. Consequently (for this type of polymerization), modeling of diffusion phenomena is important only when an accurate calculation of the MWD is needed. We also show that the numerical value of the Hatta number, at the point of entanglement (φ), can be used to determine whether diffusion limitations are likely to be important in a given system. Guidelines for the estimation of φ are given.
ON THE SOLUTION OF THE BOLTZMANN EQUATION FOR MAXWELLIAN MOLECULES

Abstract Some properties of the Boltzmann equation (BE) for a spatially uniform system of Maxwellian molecules are considered, including the explicit evaluation of the energy-space transition probability P ( y , z ; x ), the evaluation of the constants λ n and μ n,i which enter in the moment equations, the form of the energy BE, the linearization of the moment equations, and a symmetry property of the BE itself.
Picosecond transient absorption spectra and kinetics of salicylidenaniline

Using the picosecond time-resolved absorption spectroscopic technique, the transient absorption spectra of salicylidenamline have been investigated and the room-temperature kinetic data are presented. A possible mechanism of the formation of the photochromic products of salicylidenamlme is proposed.
Ultrastructure of the spermathecae of Parafabricia ventricingulata and three species of Oriopsis (Polychaeta : Sabellidae)

Parafabricia ventricingulata females have a pair of spermathecae located in the radiolar crown anterio-dorsal to the buccal opening. The spermathecae have three regions; an entrance, 7 μm across, leading into a ciliated ‘atrium’ that is approximately 50 μm long; a connecting piece, 2–5 μm across and 25 μm long, leading from the ‘atrium’ to the sperm receptacle. The sperm receptacle is heavily pigmented and spherical. The sperm lie in a large mass in the receptacle with no particular orientation. Oriopsis bicoloris females have a pair of unpigmented spermathecae in the collar behind the radiolar crown. Each spermatheca is a simple blind duct 100 μm long, with a lumen 8 μm in diameter. Between 30 and 40 sperm lie in the lumen of each spermatheca. Oriopsis brevicollaris females have a pair of spermathecae located in the radiolar crown above the buccal opening. From the opening, 10 μm across, a blind duct runs for 90 μm. Sperm are stored in the distal region of the duct. Sperm lie along the margins of the duct in close contact with microvilli. Up to 10 sperm were found in each spermatheca. Oriopsis mobilis females have a pair of spermathecae located in the radiolar crown above the buccal opening. The opening, 3 μm across, leads into a blind duct that runs for 30 μm. Sperm are stored in the distal region of the spermathecae where they are embedded in spermathecal cells. Between 10 and 20 sperm were found in each spermatheca. Oriopsis dentata was found not to have spermathecae. The homologies of the spermathecae found within the Sabellinae and Fabriciinae (Sabellidae) and the Spirorbinae (Serpulidae) are discussed, but cannot be resolved on present evidence.
Interpreting dynamics of aquatic resources: A perspective for resource managers

Since the presentation of the Leopold Report (Leopold et al. 1963) to the United States Secretary of the Interior, recommendations in the document for managing natural park resources on the ecosystem level have been included in the management policies of the National Park Service. In many instances, however, management programs have continued to focus on individual resource problems, without apparent concern for the ecological consequences on ecosystems. Without knowledge of the interrelationships of ecosystem components, solving one problem may result in other resource problems. Graphic approaches are presented as potential tools to view these complex interrelationships relative to the needs of the resource manager. Interpreting the dynamics of aquatic systems is emphasized.
Molecular geometry and vibrational frequency predictions from the CISD[TQ] wavefunction: the water molecule

Abstract A highly compact and accurate configuration interaction wavefunction including all single and double excitations and certain triple and quadruple excitations selected in an a priori fashion, called the CISD[TQ] wavefunction, has previously been found to provide energies very near those of the configuration interaction wavefunction including all single, double, triple, and quadruple excitations (CISDTQ). This work reports the CISD[TQ] wavefunction predictions for the molecular geometry and the harmonic vibrational frequencies of H 2 O in comparison to the predictions of the complete CISDTQ wavefunction. With a triple-ζ plus double polarization (TZ2P) basis, the geometry predicted by the CISD[TQ] wavefunction differs from that of the CISDTQ by less than 0.0001 A in the bond length and 0.2° in the bond angle. The harmonic vibrational frequencies of the CISD[TQ] method differ from the complete CISDTQ by an average of only 5 cm −1 . With this basis the complete CISDTQ wavefunction includes 45 times the number of configuration state functions as the CISD[TQ] wavefunction. These encouraging results suggest that the CISD[TQ] wavefunction can be an efficient, accurate truncation of the complete CISDTQ.
Management of major projects in the developing countries

Abstract In this paper the author, from long experience of the planning, engineering, and operation of large projects in the iron and steel industry, discusses the management of a typical major overseas industrial project development. In doing so he uses the term ‘project management’ to embrace the three inter-related factors of finance, time and technical performance. To provide a framework for the paper, the author considers a ‘green field’ development of an integrated steelworks to produce from 100 000 tonnes per year to two million tonnes per year of finished products. The corresponding capital cost range being £ 50 million to £ 1000 million. The paper looks first at the problem of defining a developing country and illustrates how wide variations in per capita income and industrial/technical development leads to different approaches to projects.
Evaluating parameterizations of the autoconversion process using a single‐column model and Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program measurements

[1] A single-column model is used to evaluate the performance of two types of autoconversion parameterizations. The model results are compared to data collected at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program's Southern U.S. Great Plains site. The model is run over a period covering 2 years (2000–2001), and the results are analyzed for time periods varying from hourly to seasonal. During a relatively short 27-hour period during March 2000 characterized primarily by shallow frontal clouds, modeled values of cloud liquid water were better simulated using a Manton-Cotton-type autoconversion parameterization. However, over longer timescales representing a multitude of different cloud types and meteorological conditions, a Sundqvist-type parameterization produced better results. Analysis of the model results indicates that the Manton-Cotton-type parameterization does better during periods when shallow clouds are present without any overlying clouds, while the Sundqvist-type parameterization is preferred during periods when high and low clouds coexist. A possible explanation is that precipitation from high clouds may not be represented well by the SCM, thus affecting the precipitation formation rates in any lower clouds. Sensitivity tests using the Manton-Cotton parameterization indicate that the autoconversion rate is sensitive to the specification of the cloud droplet number concentration (Nc). The single-column model, as well as many general circulation models, specify Nc as a constant value. However, limited in situ measurements suggest that Nc varies significantly in time. The mean modeled top-of-atmosphere cloud radiative forcing during the 2-year period 2000–2001 differed by 3 W m−2 as the cloud droplet concentration was varied between minimum and maximum values suggested by the in situ measurements. These results imply that model-produced hydrological cycle and cloud-radiation interactions could be better modeled using an accurate time-dependent measure of the cloud droplet concentration.
Birth of a new breed of supertaster.

People differ in the intensity of their reported experience of taste but the origins of these differences, whether they generalize to some or all chemosensory stimuli, and the most accurate way to measure them are controversial. In this issue of Chemical Senses, Lim et al. address the question of the general nature of perceived intensity and report that a subject’s response to the bitter chemical 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) is less predictive of overall taste intensity ratings than ratings of sucrose, sodium chloride, and citric acid.
Water Diplomacy: Perspectives from a Group of Interdisciplinary Graduate Students

Water management challenges are multifaceted, often involving issues of water availability, quality, access and equity. It is increasingly recognized that professionals trained to work in traditional disciplinary roles are ill-equipped to address complex issues such as water that transcend both geographic and disciplinary boundaries. A growing number of interdisciplinary doctoral programs, including the Water Diplomacy Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) at Tufts University, have formed to respond to demand for progress in this area. This paper presents a Water Diplomacy IGERT student perspective on the benefits and challenges of interdisciplinary water education. First, we find that articulating a set of shared principles helps to build a strong research community, which in turn shapes the research approach and perspectives of participating students. Second, we recommend students clearly state uncertainties and assumptions to tackle the challenge of working with multidimensional complex systems. Next, we advise that students collaborate with researchers and partner organizations to gain exposure to different approaches outside of their discipline, and to increase breadth of knowledge while maintaining sufficient depth. Finally, we recommend that students take an active role in program leadership to ensure balance between program and student development. These difficulties are not unique to water education, and therefore we hope this discussion can help inform future interdisciplinary education and research efforts.
A reputation system for wireless mesh network using multi-path routing protocol

The wireless mesh network is one of the most promising networks because of its huge potential of industrial application. Multi-path routing protocol which is used in wireless mesh networks can have plenty of benefits such as fault tolerance and improved security, high bandwidth and better load balance. However, how to stimulate each node to cooperate with others in a wireless mesh network that use a multi-path routing protocol still has not been well addressed. In this paper, we propose a reputation-based system for the wireless mesh network using a multi-path routing protocol that stimulates each node in different paths to forward packets from others. When using our reputation system, it can detect misbehaving nodes whose reputation values are below a threshold. In this way, our reputation system can provide an incentive for the misbehaving nodes to behave honestly. Experiments have shown that our reputation system is very effective in detecting misbehaving node and increasing average throughput in the whole network.
Incident field excitation of random cables

[1] This work considers the problem of characterizing the response of a cable bundle in the presence of an external electromagnetic field when the orientation of the cable is not well defined or is unknown. To do this, cable bundles are modeled as multiconductor transmission lines. Because of the random nature of the cable, an exact solution is not in general possible. Therefore a solution is approximated by segmenting the cable into a number of small uniform sections that can be solved and combined to form an overall solution. The orientation of these sections is allowed to vary randomly, thereby modeling the various twists and bends that may be found in a practical application. The line is excited by an external electromagnetic field. The voltages and currents generated at the terminations of the cable are calculated using a numerical approach to solve the multiconductor transmission line equations in the frequency domain. Because the exact positioning of the cable is not known, statistical data for the response are needed. To obtain statistical data, a large number of randomly generated cables are generated and solved.
Symmetric coverage of dynamic mapping error for mobile sensor networks

We present an approach to control design for a mobile sensor network tasked with sampling a scalar field and providing optimal space-time measurements. The coverage metric is derived from the mapping error in objective analysis (OA), an assimilation scheme that provides a linear statistical estimation of a sampled field. OA mapping error is an example of a consumable density field: the error decreases dynamically at locations where agents move and sample. OA mapping error is also a regenerating density field if the sampled field is time-varying: error increases over time as measurement value decays. The resulting optimal coverage problem presents a challenge to traditional coverage methods. We prove a symmetric dynamic coverage solution that exploits the symmetry of the domain and yields symmetry-preserving coordinated motion of mobile sensors. Our results apply to symmetric sampling regions that are non-convex and non-simply connected.
A threat taxonomy for mHealth privacy

Networked mobile devices have great potential to enable individuals (and their physicians) to better monitor their health and to manage medical conditions. In this paper, we examine the privacy-related threats to these so-called mHealth technologies. We develop a taxonomy of the privacy-related threats, and discuss some of the technologies that could support privacy-sensitive mHealth systems. We conclude with a brief summary of research challenges.
Changes in Direction of Sea Floor Spreading

Magnetic anomalies and fracture zones make distinctive patterns when the direction of sea floor spreading changes as has occurred repeatedly in the north-eastern Pacific. The mode of deformation is such that the spreading centres between transform faults become uniformly reoriented essentially perpendicular to the faults.
Mechanics of a Single Nozzle Air-Jet Filling Insertion System Part I: Nozzle Design and Performance

The effect of nozzle design on the air velocity for an air-jet filling insertion system has been investigated. The relationship between the supply air pressure and the air velocity at the nozzle ax...
Continuing Evolution in Breast Cancer Surgical Management

The surgical management of primary breast cancer underwent significant evolution in the last quarter of the 20th century as a result of changes in the biologic understanding and clinical presentation of the disease. The proposal of an alternative hypothesis for the mechanism of tumor dissemination challenged the previously accepted Halstedian principles that had governed surgical management for the better part of that century. Randomized clinical trials were supportive of this alternative hypothesis and eventually established breast-conserving surgery plus radiotherapy as the preferred option for treating appropriate candidates with primary breast cancer. The alternative hypothesis was also supported by results from clinical trials indicating that the administration of adjuvant systemic therapy significantly improved disease-free and overall survival of patients with early-stage breast cancer. Adjuvant systemic therapy played an important role in the successful adoption of breast-conserving surgery plus radiotherapy by decreasing the rates of locoregional failure and by expanding the pool of candidates (by its use as preoperative or neoadjuvant therapy).
Parish Nursing and Community Collaboration in Women's Health

P. Ann Solari-Twadell, RN, PhD, MPA, FAAN, is the director of the Accelerated Nursing Program and an associate professor at Loyola University Chicago, Marcella Niehoff School of Nursing, Chicago, IL. Parish nursing, otherwise known as ‘‘faith community nursing,’’ involves the care of patients during wellness and illness. The relationship between the parish nurse and patient is built within a particular religious tradition or through healthrelated services sponsored by a faith community. The goal of care in parish nursing is to collaborate with the patient and the community to provide continuity of care from a holistic philosophy. Parish nurses reach out to the community at large to network with other health care providers and to become familiar with community resources. Parish nurses are available free of cost to those seeking assistance, thereby becoming an important service option within health care reform and for the uninsured. Parish nurses provide health services on behalf of the faith community; some are paid fulltime or part-time, while others are in unpaid volunteers.
Lymphopenia Associated with Highly Virulent H5N1 Virus Infection Due to Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell–Mediated Apoptosis of T Cells

Although lymphopenia is a hallmark of severe infection with highly pathogenic H5N1 and the newly emerged H7N9 influenza viruses in humans, the mechanism(s) by which lethal H5N1 viruses cause lymphopenia in mammalian hosts remains poorly understood. Because influenza-specific T cell responses are initiated in the lung draining lymph nodes (LNs), and lymphocytes subsequently traffic to the lungs or peripheral circulation, we compared the immune responses in the lung draining LNs postinfection with a lethal A/HK/483/97 or nonlethal A/HK/486/97 (H5N1) virus in a mouse model. We found that lethal H5N1, but not nonlethal H5N1, virus infection in mice enhances Fas ligand (FasL) expression on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), resulting in apoptosis of influenza-specific CD8(+) T cells via a Fas-FasL-mediated pathway. We also found that pDCs, but not other DC subsets, preferentially accumulate in the lung draining LNs of lethal H5N1 virus-infected mice, and that the induction of FasL expression on pDCs correlates with high levels of IL-12p40 monomer/homodimer in the lung draining LNs. Our data suggest that one of the mechanisms of lymphopenia associated with lethal H5N1 virus infection involves a deleterious role for pDCs.
Searches for squarks and gluinos in events with missing transverse momentum

In this contribution, the latest results from CMS and ATLAS on inclusive searches for Squark and Gluino Production at the LHC are reviewed. A variety of complementary final state signatures and methods are presented using up to 20 fb−1 of data from the 8 TeV LHC run of 2012. Interpretations of the experimental results in SUSY models are covered with a special emphasis on final states with jets, photons, and at most one lepton.
Shear fatigue Characterization of Fire Resistant Syntactic Foam Core Sandwich Beam

Eco-Core is syntactic foam made by high volume percent of flyash and a small amount of phenolic resin. Because of very low volatile content in the mixture, it has demonstrated to be a fire resistant material for composite sandwich structural applications. Its superior mechanical and fire safety properties were established previously. Its fatigue performance under compression, shear and flexure loading are being investigated. Objective of this paper is to establish shear stress–life relationship and failure modes of sandwich beams. The Eco-Core sandwich specimens made of FGI 1854 glass/vinyl ester face sheet were designed to fail in core shear and were tested by shear fatigue loading at a frequency of 2 Hz and load ratio of R = 0.1. The Eco-Core density was about 0.5 g/cm3. The fatigue test was conducted at maximum shear stress (τmax) values of 0.7τc to 0.9τc using four-point bend load specimen, where τc is the static shear strength of the core. Shear fatigue failure of the core material was found to be th...
DC-DC buck converter design: a sampled-data approach

Direct sampled-data design techniques which use "lifting" concepts that capture the periodic structure of the sampled data system in order to obtain a tractable optimization problem that accommodates meaningful (weighted H/sup /spl infin//) closed loop performance specifications as well as sample rate and intersample behavior is proposed. Direct sampled-data design controller has similar complexity as discretized classical designs but operates at a much lower sampling rate. FPGA implementation data is presented for each design. Comparisons demonstrating the benefits of the sampled-data approach in achieving reasonable trade-offs are presented.
The hdrRM Operon of Streptococcus mutans Encodes a Novel Regulatory System for Coordinated Competence Development and Bacteriocin Production

The Streptococcus mutans hdrRM operon encodes a novel two-gene regulatory system induced by high cell density. Previous studies identified hdrM as the only known negative regulator of competence development in S. mutans. In the present study, we demonstrated that the HdrRM system bypasses the prototypical competence gene regulators ComC and ComDE in the transcriptional regulation of the competence-specific sigma factor comX and the late competence genes. Similarly, the HdrRM system can abrogate the requirement for ComE to produce the bacteriocin mutacin IV. To further probe the regulatory mechanism of hdrRM, we created an hdrR overexpression strain and showed that it could reproduce each of the hdrM competence and mutacin phenotypes, indicating that HdrM acts as a negative regulator of HdrR activity. Using a mutacin IV-luciferase reporter, we also demonstrated that the hdrRM system utilizes the same promoter elements recognized by ComE and thus appears to comprise a novel regulatory pathway parallel to ComCDE.
A three-tier architecture for ubiquitous data access

We present a three-tier architecture of middleware that addresses challenges facing accessibility, availability, and consistency of data in mobile environments. The architecture supports the automatic hoarding of data from multiple, heterogeneous sources into possibly a variety of different mobile devices. The middle tier enables the automation of synchronization tasks in both connected mode (following disconnection) and weakly connected mode, where only intelligent and effective synchronization can be used in the presence of a low-bandwidth network. We present the three-tier architecture based on the Coda file system.
Improving cache performance with balanced tag and data paths

There are two concurrent paths in a typical cache access --- one through the data array and the other through the tag array. The path through the data array drives the selected set out of the array. The path through the tag array determines cache hit/miss and, for set-associative caches, selects the appropriate line from within the selected set. In both direct-mapped and set-associative caches, the path through the tag array is significantly longer than that through the data array. In this paper, we propose a path balancing technique help match the delays of the tag and data paths. The basic idea behind this technique is to employ a separate subset of the tag array to decouple the one-to-one relationship between address tags and cache lines so as to achieve a design that provides higher performance. Performance evaluation using both TPC-C and SPEC92 benchmarks shows that this path balancing technique offers impressive improvements in overall system performance over conventional cache designs. For TPC-C, improvements in the range of 6% to 28% are possible.
(Dis)orientation and spatial sense: Topological thinking in the middle grades

In this paper, we focus on topological approaches to space and we argue that experiences with topology allow middle school students to develop a more robust understanding of orientation and dimension. We frame our argument in terms of the phenomenological literature on perception and corporeal space. We discuss findings from a quasi-experimental study engaging 9 grades 5-8 students (10-13 years old) in a 6-week series of school-based workshops focused on knot theory. We discuss video data that shows how students engage with the intrinsic disorientation of mathematical knots through the use of gesture and movement.
Lasting Effects of an Interdisciplinary Home Visiting Program on Child Behavior: Preliminary Follow-Up Results of a Randomized Trial

Child mental health is of great concern requiring effective and appropriate parenting interventions. This pilot study was the first attempt to examine the intermediate effects of an ongoing parenting home visiting program, Minding the Baby (MTB), on parental reflective functioning (RF) and child behavior. Results indicated that the women who participated in the MTB intervention described their children—when assessed post-intervention—as having significantly fewer externalizing child behaviors. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups on parental RF from the end of the intervention to follow-up. The central finding that children who participated with the MTB program were reported to have significantly fewer externalizing behaviors following the intervention has important clinical and public health implications. Recommendations for the design of future follow-up studies and for further exploration of parental RF as it relates to the MTB outcomes are discussed.
The information paradox and the locality bound

Hawking's argument for information loss in black hole evaporation rests on the assumption of independent Hilbert spaces for the interior and exterior of a black hole. We argue that such independence cannot be established without incorporating strong gravitational effects that undermine locality and invalidate the use of quantum field theory in a semiclassical background geometry. These considerations should also play a role in a deeper understanding of horizon complementarity.
Efficiently prefetching complex address patterns

Prior work in hardware prefetching has focused mostly on either predicting regular streams with uniform strides, or predicting irregular access patterns at the cost of large hardware structures. This paper introduces the Variable Length Delta Prefetcher (VLDP), which builds up delta histories between successive cache line misses within physical pages, and then uses these histories to predict the order of cache line misses in new pages. One of VLDP's distinguishing features is its use of multiple prediction tables, each of which stores predictions based on a different length of input history. For example, the first prediction table takes as input only the single most recent delta between cache misses within a page, and attempts to predict the next cache miss in that page. The second prediction table takes as input a sequence of the two most recent deltas between cache misses within a page, and also attempts to predict the next cache miss in that page, and so on with additional tables. Longer histories generally yield more accurate predictions, so VLDP prefers to make predictions based on the longest history table that has a matching entry. Using a global history of patterns it has seen in the past, VLDP is able to issue prefetches without having to wait for additional per-page confirmation, and it is even able to prefetch patterns that show no repetition within a physical page. VLDP does not use the program counter (PC) to make its predictions, but our evaluation shows that it out-performs the highest-performing PC-based prefetcher by 7.1%, and the highest performing prefetcher that doesn't employ the PC by 5.8%.
Does Who You Know Affect How You Act? The Impact of Relationships on Bystander Intervention in Interpersonal Violence Situations

This study utilized an experimental design to determine how bystanders would intervene in campus sexual assault (SA) or intimate partner violence (IPV) situations. Specifically, it examines whether the type of intervention (direct, indirect, or delegation) is associated with relational distance, the nature of the crime, or the sex of the bystander. A random sample of college students completed a web-based survey at a private university in the Midwest. Survey participants were randomly assigned two vignettes-an SA scenario ( n = 371) and an IPV scenario ( n = 350)-with one of three conditions: knew the victim, knew the perpetrator, or knew neither. Chi-square tests, binary logistic regressions, and predicted probabilities were conducted to test three hypotheses. Results indicate that relational distance affects how a bystander will intervene. In the SA vignette, students who knew the victim or perpetrator chose direct intervention. In the IPV vignette, students who knew the victim or perpetrator chose direct or indirect interventions. Students who knew neither the victim nor the perpetrator tended to choose to delegate the intervention to someone else for both crime types. Although there were differences by sex, the larger differences were between whether they knew someone or not. Still, men had the highest probability of directly intervening in the SA scenario, whereas women had the highest probability of indirectly intervening in the IPV scenario. The results of this study suggest that campus violence prevention programs should consider context-specific issues in their trainings such as relational distance and type of crime.
ENDOMETRIAL EFFECTS PRODUCED BY THE ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF STEROIDS TO CONTROL THE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE: THE USE OF SEQUENTIAL AND COMBINATION REGIMENS.

Abstract This report describes the general endometrial changes associated with two different regimens (sequential and combination) involving the oral administration of steroids to control the female reproductive cycle.
A Laboratory Experiment of Individual Attitude Response to Advertising Exposure

This study investigates the influence of advertising exposure on individual brand attitude change. Results indicate that past exposures, brand familiarity, and prior attitude are significantly rela...
Lipid Rafts Assemble Dynein Ensembles

New work by Rai et al. identifies a novel mechanism regulating phagosome transport in cells: the clustering of dynein motors into lipid microdomains, leading to enhanced unidirectional motility. Clustering may be especially important for dynein, a motor that works most efficiently in teams.
Isoflavone Profiles and Kinetic Changes during Ultra-High Temperature Processing of Soymilk

Isoflavone profile is greatly affected by heating process. However, kinetic analyses of isoflavone conversion and degradation using a continuous industry processing method have never been characterized. In this study, Proto soybean was soaked and blanched at 80 °C for 2 min and then processed into soymilk, which underwent UHT (ultra-high temperature) at 135 to 150 °C for 10 to 50 s with a pilot plant-scale Microthermics processor. The isoflavone profile was determined at different time/temperature combinations. The results showed that all isoflavone forms exhibited distinct changing patterns over time. In the soymilk under UHT conditions, the degradation (disappearance) of malonyldaizin and malonylgenistin exhibited first-order kinetics with activation energies of 59 and 84 kj/mole, respectively. At all UHT temperatures, malonylgenistin showed higher rate constants than malonyldaidzin. However, malonylglycitin changed irregularly under these UHT temperatures. The increase of genistin, daidzin, glycitein and acetlydaidzin during heating demonstrated zero-order kinetics and the rate constants increased with temperature except for the conditions of 145 to 150 °C for 50 s. Overall, genistein series exhibited higher stability than daidzein series. Under all UHT conditions, total isoflavone decreased from 12% to 24%.
Analysis on surveillance data of national HIV / AIDS sentinel points of drug abusers in Wuxi City

[Objective]To analyze the surveillance data collected from the national HIV /AIDS sentinel points of drug abusers( DUs) in Wuxi City,provide information for carrying out the surveillance and behavioral intervention among this population.[Methods]By a cross-sectional survey,1 158 DUs who entered the drug rehabilitation center between 2010 and 2012 were investigated by questionnaires,while their blood samples were collected to test HIV,syphilis and HCV in laboratory. [Results]Among1 158 DUs,the infection rate of HIV,syphilis and HCV was 0. 35%( 4 /1 158),9. 93%( 115 /1 158) and 55. 87%( 647 /1 158),respectively. 50. 35%( 583 /1 158) of the DUs were injecting drug users,and 88. 34%( 515 /583) of them shared needles with others. There were significant differences in the infection rates of HIV and HCV between the drug users sharing syringes and other DUs. 28. 07%( 325 /1 158) of the DUs have had commercial sexual behavior in recent a year,and 31. 38%( 102 /325) of them had never used condoms.[Conclusion]The infection rate of HIV among the DUs in Wuxi City is relatively low,but the infection rates of syphilis and HCV are relatively high. Sharing needles is the high-risk factor of HIV and HCV infection,and unsafe sexual behaviour increases the opportunity that HIV and syphilis spread from the DUs to the general population. It is necessary to take the targeted intervention among DUs.
On the Current situation and Countermeasure of Adult English Education

On the current status of the domestic adult English education,based on the relative imbalance in the geographical environment factors;forming a more complete but not unified English market;adult English form of demand has complex needs,with the development of market economy and foreign trade expanding,not only domestic English education has been strengthened,but also incorporates many foreign related practitioners in China.Thus,as English educators,we have an obligation to think about a more targeted way from teaching to adapt to the new needs of adult education,to roaden their horizons,and to better meets the needs of the international situation.
An Analysis of New Effective Rural Social Endowment Insurance Needs in the Underdeveloped Regions of Western:For Example Jiaxian Shaanxi Province

This paper aims to model the rural social old-age pension thsurance needs from the insured will and ability to pay both the effective demand for rural residents described the situation respectively based on survey,and to explore the impact of payment willingness and affordability factor,resulting in an overall analysis of rural social old-age pension insurance needs.At the same time put forward feasible suggestions for the other local governments and provide some reference of the other underdeveloped areas.
Promotion of sheet formation in alpha-peptide strands by a beta-peptide reverse turn.

[structure: see text]We show that a tetrapeptide with a heterogeneous backbone, i.e., with two different classes of amino acid residues, adopts a hairpin conformation in which each type of residue plays a different structural role. The alpha-residues at the ends form hydrogen bonds characteristic of antiparallel beta-sheet secondary structure, while the central di-beta-peptide segment forms a reverse turn. The configuration of the turn residues is critical to sheet formation.
Effect of magnets on chronic pelvic pain

Abstract Objective: Magnetic therapy has been used to manage a variety of chronic pain syndromes. Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a common disorder that does not always respond to conventional treatments. The primary aim of this study was to determine if applying magnets to abdominal trigger points would significantly relieve pain. Methods: Patients with CPP between 18 and 50 years of age were enrolled in a 2-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with an optional 2-week blinded continuation phase. Women who completed single-blind treatment were randomized to receive either active or placebo 500 Gauss magnets for 24 hours per day. The McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) and the Pain Disability Index (PDI) were used. Results: Fourteen subjects completed the 2-week study, and eight subjects completed the continuation phase. There was no significant treatment effect using repeated measures analysis. Of the eight treatment extenders, 60% with active magnets compared with 33% with placebo magnets had 50% reductions in MPQ and PDI scores. A power analysis revealed that 16 subjects were necessary to show a significant effect after 4 weeks of treatment. Blinding was more effective in the placebo group than in the active magnet group and at 2 weeks than at 4 weeks. Conclusions: This first controlled study of magnetic therapy for CPP suggests that pain relief is related to duration of exposure. The ongoing trial will report on the effect of longer exposure periods and blinding efficacy with a larger sample.
Premenstrual symptoms: another look.

Abstract A collection of over 200 symptoms has been labeled premenstrual syndrome. Common belief is that most women experience a marked increase in symptoms premenses. Cyclic variations in the prevalence of commonly cited perimenstrual symptoms were estimated from daily symptom recording. A community-based, multiethnic sample of 345 women recorded symptom severity from "not present" to "extreme" for 90 days. Maximum total reported symptom score occurred during menses, not during premenses. When individual symptoms are considered, the prevalence of those rated as moderate to extreme during menses is less than 15 percent. A method for identifying symptom severity patterns throughout the menstrual cycle is described. Six symptom severity patterns were identified. Only 13 percent of the women exhibited a pattern of increased symptom severity in the premenses. Another 13 percent had a pattern of decreased symptom severity in the premenses.