cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Line‐graphical degree sequences

A degree sequence π = (d1, d2,…,dp), with d1 ≥ d2 ≥…≥ dp, is line graphical if it is realized by the line graph of some graph. Degree sequences with line-graphical realizations are characterized for the cases d1 = p - 1, d1 = p - 2, d1 ≤ 3, and d1 = dp. It is also shown that if a degree sequence with d1 = p-1 is line graphical, it is uniquely line graphical. It follows that with possibly one exception each line-graphical realization of an arbitrary degree sequence must have either C5, 2K1, + K2, K1 + 2K2, or 3K1, as an induced subgraph.
High energy focused ion beam technology and applications at the Louisiana Accelerator Center

The high energy focused ion beam (HEFIB) system at the Louisiana Accelerator Center (LAC) of the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, USA, is constructed on one of the beamlines of a National Electrostatics Corporation 1.7 MV 5SDH-2 tandem accelerator. The HEFIB system has several components, including a versatile magnetic quadrupole sextuplet lens focusing system defined as the Russian magnetic sextuplet (RMS) system having the same demagnifications, the same focal lengths and the same positions of the focal points in xz and yz planes as the Russian quadruplet and a one-piece concrete supporting base and integrated endstation with air isolation. A review of recent microlithography and HEFIB system developments at LAC are presented, as well as new results using heavy ion (HI) beam lithography on crystalline silicon.
Histologic findings after successful posterior chamber lens implantation

The eyes of a 50-year-old diabetic hypertensive woman who had had successful bilateral cataract surgery with posterior chamber lens implantation were examined post mortem. On gross examination, each eye was found to contain a Simcoe-style C-loop lens with its optic centered satisfactorily and its inferior loop in the capsular bag. In the right eye the superior loop was in the ciliary sulcus; in the left eye most of the superior loop was in the ciliary sulcus but its distal end was in the capsular bag. Histologic sections confirmed the location of the haptics.
Air quality screening model with long-term averaging

A simple screening model is presented for estimating maximum ground level concentrations of air pollutants from single elevated buoyant sources of emissions. The model, which incorporates plausible error margins, is based on the Gaussian dispersion formula. Maximum longer-term (3, 8, 24 h) concentrations are estimated using a joint probability analysis of the persistence of meteorological worst case events.
What Are You Worrying About on Facebook and Twitter? An Empirical Investigation of Young Social Network Site Users’ Privacy Perceptions and Behaviors

This study examines privacy protection and behavior on two different types of social network sites (SNSs), Facebook (a traditional SNS) and Twitter (a microblogging SNS). This study examines the relationships between privacy concerns and uses of SNSs as well as between privacy concerns and uses of privacy protection on SNSs. The findings indicate that young users are more concerned about the information they provide to Facebook than Twitter. Users worry more about information on those sites being accessed by parents, teachers, or other people with authority roles than by those they know less about, such as marketers, advertisers, and those in distant relations. This study discusses implications for advertising on social media and policymaking.
Histone gene (H3) expression in chemically transformed oral keratinocytes

Abstract The hamster cheek pouch is an excellent target tissue for the experimental study of oral carcinogenesis. In the course of searching for molecular alterations during the malignant transformation process, the necessity for a molecular marker for cellular proliferation became apparent. In this report, we show that the cellular level of the histone H3 mRNA is valid as a molecular index of proliferation for cycling cell populations. H3 is known to be proliferation dependent for its expression in cultured animal cells. This study shows that H3 retains its cell-cycle-dependent expression in chemically transformed oral keratinocytes. The onset of H3 mRNA synthesis couples to the onset of DNA synthesis (S-phase). The cellular level of H3 mRNA therefore is proportional to the fraction of cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle. This conveniently allows us to correlate, in asynchronized cell populations, the expression of cellular genes to their proliferation rates. We demonstrate the usefulness of this proliferation marker by presenting data that different chemically induced oral carcinomas, but not normal cheek pouch tissues, contain readily detectable levels of c-Ki-ras proto-oncogene mRNA. Probing the same RNA blot to quantitate H3 mRNA levels allowed us to conclude that the high levels of c-Ki-ras mRNA in tumor tissues was likely due to the increased growth rate of the tumor tissues and not due to the deregulated expression of this cellular proto-oncogene.
Practical Use and Calculation of CCT and Duv

AbstractCorrelated color temperature (CCT) is often used to represent chromaticity of white light sources, but chromaticity is two-dimensional, and another dimension, the distance from the Planckian locus, is often missing. Duv is defined in ANSI C78.377 for this purpose but is not yet widely used. In this article, the use of a combination of CCT and Duv is proposed as an intuitive expression of chromaticity of white light sources for general lighting. In addition, this article presents practical calculation methods to calculate CCT and Duv, having sufficient accuracy, within an error of 1 K, in a wide range of chromaticity, from 1000 to 20,000 K in CCT and −0.03 to 0.03 in Duv.
Rosemary extract and carnosol stimulate rat liver glutathione-S-transferase and quinone reductase activities

The effects of dietary intake and intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of an extract of the spice rosemary and of the rosemary constituent carnosol on the liver activities of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and NAD(P)H-quinone reductase (QR) in the female rat were evaluated. Rosemary extract at concentrations from 0.25 to 1.0% (by wt.) in the diet resulted in a significant 3.5- to 4.5-fold increase in liver GST and a 3.3- to 4.0-fold increase in liver QR activities compared to controls. Carnosol supplemented in the diet at levels from 0.01 to 1.0% did not enhance GST activity. When rosemary extract and carnosol were administered i.p. there was a significant increase in liver GST and QR activities. The injection of rosemary extract (200 mg/kg) was associated with 1.5-fold and 3.2-fold increases in GST and QR activities, respectively, compared to controls. The injection of carnosol at doses from 100 to 400 mg/kg was associated with 1.6- to 1.9-fold increases in GST activity and 3.1- to 4.8-fold increases in QR activity, compared to controls. These data indicate that rosemary extract in the diet or injected i.p. and carnosol administered i.p. are effective enhancers of the in vivo activity of liver GST and QR in the female rat.
The effects of strain, strain rate and temperature on grain refinement and hot workability of type 305 stainless steel

Abstract Both falling-temperature and isothermal hot compressive deformation schedules were performed on type 305 stainless steel in order to study the effects of strain, strain rate and temperature on grain refinement and to assess the effect of grain refinement on hot workability. In these refinement sequences, which simulate the hot rolling of as-cast ingots (grain size of 1300 μm) down to the final product (grain size of 9 μm), temperature plays the dominant role in controlling the limit of grain refinement. The final grain size was found to depend only on the finishing temperature and to be independent of additional deformation and recrystallization steps at the finishing temperature. For a given range of hot-working temperatures (start to finish) and for a fixed total shape change (ingot to final product), total grain refinement was found to be independent of the chosen combination of strain and number of steps, for incremental strains between 10% and 25%. Changing the strain rate from 10 to 0.01 s −1 barely reduced the refinement at individual steps in a sequence and had only a slight effect on the total refinement. For the temperature range from 1149 down to 927°C (from 1422 down to 1200 K), there was no measurable difference between the flow stress of as-cast metal and the flow stress of metal undergoing a hot-working schedule (recrystallization and refinement at at each step). Ductility increased as the grain size decreased.
Where's Maria? A video to increase awareness about breast cancer and mammography screening among low-literacy Latinas.

Abstract Background . The need exists to educate and motivate medically disadvantaged Latinas to engage in regular mammography screening to reduce their high breast cancer (BC) mortality risk due to the illness' late detection. Methods . Qualitative research methods [e.g., focus groups, key informants] were primarily used during the basic and formative research phases in preproducing and producing a breast cancer educational video for low-literacy Latinas. Results . An 8-min video was created in an Entertainment-Education soap opera format. The purpose of the video is to create awareness about breast cancer and to motivate low-literacy Latinas who are at the precontemplation stage of behavior change to consider engaging in mammography screening. Thus, the video presents a compelling story of a Latina with whom the target audience can identify and become involved with the unfolding events of her story as she realizes her risk for breast cancer and struggles with the decision to engage in mammography. The content and format of the video include culturally relevant clues and modeling to influence Latinas' cognitive and subjective processes involved in making the decision to change. Conclusions . Complex attitudinal and behavioral issues can be effectively targeted to decrease the influence that psychological barriers exert in Latinas low breast cancer screening rates.
Granulocytic sarcoma of pediatric head and neck: an institutional experience.

Abstract Objective To demonstrate a case series of granulocytic sarcoma of the head and neck found in the pediatric population and review long-term outcomes. Methods A pathology database at a tertiary hospital was searched for patients with biopsy specimens from the head and neck diagnosed as granulocytic sarcoma. Results There were 6 cases between 1992 and 2004 that met inclusion criteria. Subjects’ age ranged from 22 months to 14 years old. In three cases, the patients were diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) based on biopsy results; 2 patients were already diagnosed with AML when diagnosed with granulocytic sarcoma, and in 1 case, a relapse of AML was diagnosed. In all cases, patients began induction chemotherapy. Two patients died during induction chemotherapy from infection. The remaining 4 patients underwent bone marrow transplants. One patient had a relapse post-transplant and died. Only one patient was healthy two years post-transplant. Conclusion The results of this series suggest granulocytic sarcoma must be on the differential when tumors present in the head and neck region in pediatric patients. In our series, 100% of the patients with granulocytic sarcoma had underlying AML. The long-term prognosis of patients with AML who developed granulocytic sarcoma is quite poor.
A case of rare monstrosity in a calf.

The literature on congenital anomalies of calves is reviewed, and the author describes a case of malformation in a purebred Hereford heifer calf. This animal, which lived for 3 days, had two muzzles and two sets of rudimentary teeth and lower lips. There were four cerebral hemispheres but no duplication of the other parts of the brain. On the basis of the organs which were duplicated, the monster was termed a disprosopus, distomus, diotus, triophthalmos, ditelencephalus and monometencephalus.
Rejoinder to mead

As I understand him, Mead makes two arguments. First, he argues that relying on reasoning from general principles to answer practical questions of public management can be misguided if the policy analyst deliberately or inadvertently ignores available evidence. Of course he is right. As the purpose of the symposium was to invite public management scholars to use general principles to decide on the relative merits of mandatory and voluntary workfare, however, the authors, who are not experts in welfare reform, cannot be faulted for being unfamiliar with the evidence. It was their intellectual approaches to the problem that I sought to broach.
The secret adventures of order: globalization, education and transformative social justice learning

Existem diversas definicoes de globalizacao ou, talvez mais precisamente, pode-se dizer que ha muitas globalizacoes. Ao discutir as quatro faces da globalizacao – globalizacao por cima, globalizacao por baixo, globalizacao dos direitos humanos e a globalizacao da guerra contra o terrorismo, – e seus impactos na educacao e na aprendizagem, este artigo propoe uma analise da globalizacao neoliberal e de como reformas baseadas em competicao afetaram a politica educacional nos Estados Unidos desde o jardim de infância ao ensino medio, e no ensino superior. Essas reformas sao caracterizadas por esforcos em se criar padroes de desempenho mensuraveis a partir de extensivos testes padronizados (o movimento por novos padroes e “accountability”); pela introducao de novos metodos de ensino e aprendizagem, que trazem a expectativa de um melhor desempenho a um baixo custo (por exemplo, a universalizacao de livros didaticos); e por melhoras na selecao e no treinamento de professores. Reformas baseadas em competicao no ensino superior tendem a adotar uma orientacao vocacional e a refletir o ponto de vista de que faculdades e universidades existem largamente para servir ao bem-estar economico de uma sociedade. A privatizacao e o esforco final principal por reforma ligado a globalizacao neoliberal e, talvez, o mais dominante. Como alternativa, o artigo proporciona introspeccoes as possibilidades de se empregar o conceito de marginalidade como um construto central para um modelo de aprendizagem para a transformacao e justica social. Ao seguir a inspiracao de Paulo Freire, defendo que a aprendizagem para a transformacao e justica social seja uma pratica social, politica e pedagogica que ocorrera quando as pessoas alcancarem um entendimento mais profundo, rico, com mais texturas e nuances de si proprias e de seu mundo.
Synthesis and characterization of tanninsulfonic acid doped polyaniline-metal oxide nanocomposites

Composites of conducting polymers and metal oxides have a potential role in electronic devices because of their enhanced physical and electronic properties. An in situ synthesis of metal oxide nanocomposites of polyaniline (PANI) and tanninsulfonic acid doped PANI was carried out at −10°C with two different ratios of aniline to sodium persulfate (oxidant) and the simultaneous incorporation of TiO2, Al2O3, and ZnO nanopowders. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis, spectroscopy, and electrical conductivity measurements. XRD and thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the presence of the metal oxide in the final product, whereas the spectroscopic characterization revealed interactions among the tannin, metal oxides, and PANI. The electrical properties were determined by four-point-probe bulk conductivity measurements. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Abstract LB-217: A gene signature that predicts deficiency of homologous recombination DNA repair.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC DNA repair pathways play a fundamental role to maintain genomic stability. Defects in specific DNA repair pathways predispose to cancer development, but also provide therapeutic opportunities: for example, poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are synthetically lethal with cancer cells, which are defective in homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DNA repair, such as BRCA1/BRCA2-deficient tumors. However, recent clinical trials of PARP inhibitors have shown rather disappointing results, particularly in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which has a molecular phenotype similar to that of BRCA-deficient breast cancer. As a targeted therapy, the clinical success of PARP inhibitors is dependent on identifying cancer cells with HR repair deficiency. Thus the observations of PARP inhibitors from clinical trials raise a key question: Can we identify a molecular signature of HR repair deficiency in cancer cells? To answer this question, we utilized the gene expression profiling approach to measure the cellular transcriptional reprograming in HR-deficient cell lines. By analyzing the molecular changes of transcriptional landscape, we identified an HR-defect gene signature that predicted HR repair deficiency in cells, predicted clinical outcomes of multiple human cancers, and predicted sensitivity of human cancer cells to PARP inhibitors. HR repair deficiency leads to genomic instability and often promotes accumulation of additional mutations. Our gene signature analysis further revealed that combinatorial effects of co-existing genetic changes such as loss of both BRCA1 and PTEN may extensively rewire the HR repair network and confer resistance to PARP inhibitor treatment. Moreover, to combat PARP inhibitor resistance, we successfully used our HR-defect gene signature as a drug discovery tool and found that TTK, mTOR and PI3K inhibitors could induce HR repair deficiency and sensitize cancer cells to PARP inhibitor treatment. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that transcriptional signature can be used to define the functional status of the HR repair network in cells. In summary, our study identifies a gene signature of HR repair deficiency, which provides a novel network view of the DNA repair process. In addition to using our gene signature as a prognostic marker for multiple cancers including breast, ovarian and lung cancer, our findings potentially have a significant impact on predicting responsiveness and overcoming resistance to targeted therapeutic regimens with DNA repair inhibitors such as PARP inhibitors. Citation Format: Guang Peng, Gordon Mills, Shiaw-Yih Lin. A gene signature that predicts deficiency of homologous recombination DNA repair. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-217. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-217
The first movement of Mozart's piano sonata in A Minor, K.310: Some thoughts on structure and performance

(1987). The first movement of Mozart's piano sonata in A Minor, K.310: Some thoughts on structure and performance. Journal of Musicological Research: Vol. 7, No. 2-3, pp. 157-186.
Arene oxides in biosynthesis. On the origin of crotepoxide, senepoxide, and pipoxide

Abstract In light of new experimental evidence a theory is proposed for the biogenesis of the plant metabolites crotepoxide 1, senepoxide 2, and pipoxide 3 based on the intramolecular cyclization of isochorismic acid to its corresponding epoxide 7, possibly the first non-K-region arene oxide to originate in this manner. An analog of 7, 9, has been synthesized and found to be an unusually stable arene oxide. It undergoes stereospecific photooxygenation and rearrangement in accord with the postulated biogenetic scheme.
Circular dichroism studies on the effects of ethanol on the conformation of α1-acid glycoprotein, α1-antitrypsin, deoxyribonuclease, pepsinogen, soybean trypsin inhibitor and unfolded ribonucleases

The effects of 25 to 75 volume-% ethanol on conformation of human serum alpha1-acid glycoprotein, human serum alpha1-antitrypsin, pancreatic deoxyribonuclease I, porcine pepsinogen, the "Kunitz" trypsin inhibitor from soybeans, and oxidized as well as reduced and S-carboxymethylated ribonucleases were tested by the circular dichroism (CD) probe. It was found that 25 volume-% ethanol had a slight effect, whereas 50--75 vol.-% alcohol significantly altered the conformation. The tertiary structure was perturbed and the polypeptide main chain was reorganized into new conformations of higher helix and beta-structure contents than in the native state. Comparison of the various proteins showed that the degree of reorganization depended chiefly on the cross-linking of the main chain by disulfide bridges. While the unfolded ribonucleases were refolded by 25 vol.-% ethanol into ordered conformations, the native ribonuclease and alpha1-antitrypsin was more sensitive to 25 vol.-% ethanol than the conformation of alpha1-acid glycoprotein, pepsinogen, and soybean trypsin inhibitor. Almost complete restoration of the native conformation was achieved by diluting the alcohol-containing solutions with water or by dialysis against water or buffer solutions. However, the renaturation depended on the time of contact with alcohol and on the temperature at which the alcohol-containing solutions were kept.
Role of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B Receptors in the Mediation of Behavior in the Forced Swim Test in Mice

The purpose of this study was to further examine the effect of activation of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors in the forced swim test in mice and to determine if activation of these receptors played a role in the mediation of the effects of the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine. The 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT decreased immobility in the forced swim test in mice as previously described. Both the selective 5-HT1B agonist anpirtoline (1.25–5 mg/kg) and mixed 5-HT1A/B agonist RU24969 (0.6–2.5 mg/kg) significantly increased time spent swimming in the FST.
An adaptation of function point analysis and COCOMO for estimating the cost of Oracle SQL*forms application development

The most difficult task in software development planning is to estimate the size of the end product, the resources that will be required, and the time required to complete the project. Function Point Analysis (FPA) is a method of projecting size, while the Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO) is a method of estimating resources and schedules.Both tools were developed primarily from experience with third generation language (3GL) development environments. Provisions for interchanging the tools to estimate fourth generation language (4GL) environments are not always straight-forward -- particularly when estimating a form-based environment such as Oracle SQL*Forms.Both FPA and COCOMO models can be adapted to estimate the costs of developing projects using non-procedural fourth generation languages like SQL*Forms. These tools can be used together to estimate size and project costs, and to assist in assessing the sensitivity of various project costs to development parameters such as programmer skill level and the user's concern for reliability.
The Effects of a Multiple Treatment Program and Maintenance Procedures on Smoking Cessation

Abstract This study evaluated the efficacy of a multiple treatment smoking cessation program and three maintenance strategies. Phase I of the study involved 51 subjects who participated in a 5-day smoking cessation project. The program consisted of lectures, demonstrations, practice exercises, aversive smoking, and the teaching of self-control procedures. In Phase II, all subjects were randomly assigned to one of three maintenance conditions: a 4-week support group which offered an opportunity to discuss feelings and thoughts, a 4-week telephone contact system which enabled group members to call one another, and a no-contact control group. To evaluate efficacy, extensive follow-up data were collected at the end of treatment and at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months post-treatment. The treatment program was extremely effective; 100% of the subjects were abstinent at the end of treatment, and at 1 year post-treatment, 63% of the subjects reported total abstinence. As to sex differences, at the 1-year period 66% of the women and 59% of the men were ex-smokers. Recidivists reported a smoking rate that was 52% of baseline at the 6-month follow-up. At 2 months post-treatment, 40% of the abstainers reported that the quitting experience was easy, and subjects reported an average weight gain of only 4.69 lb. The authors offer suggestions for future smoking cessation research based upon the promising findings of this study.
An Analysis of Statutory Development: The Correlates of State Activity in Product Liability Legislation

In the last few years legal scholars and politicians have been concerned with what many have referred to as the “liability crisis”. While there is certainly no consensus involving precisely how serious the problem indeed, some argue that there is no crisis -there is some evidence that the frequency and size of jury awards in some types of personal injury cases have changed since the 1970s. In response to this evidence virtually every state has considered legislation that would limit the frequency or size of such awards and would modify related judicial processes. Although the final status of many of these “tort reforms” is still uncertain, bills related to punitive damages and other dimensions of tort Iiability have been introduced in and passed by one or more houses in many state legislatures. This paper examines this legislative activity and focus on bills that have passed in one or more state legislative houses in the 1986–88 time period. Using standard multivariate statistical techniques, it examines the relationship between this legislative activity and dimensions of state politics and culture. The research indicates that state legislative activity in the area of tort reform results from a rather complex mix of factors. It is a function of political and social-economic attributes, as well as features of the states’ legal and judicial systems.
American Indian Grand Families: Eight Adolescent and Grandparent Dyads Share Perceptions on Various Aspects of the Kinship Care Relationship

ABSTRACT A qualitative study of eight grand family dyads was conducted to gain the perspective of the grandparents and grandchildren regarding the kinship care relationship. A phenomenological approach of the “lived experience” developed by P.A. Gibson (2002) was incorporated in the design of the study. Several major themes emerged from data analysis using a phenomenological perspective. The themes are: (1) American Indian grandparent caregivers' limitations; (2) Dyads perceptions of the occurrence of the kinship care arrangement; (3) Psychological, physical, developmental, educational, and social aspects of American Indian grandchildren; (4) Perceived future goals and career aspirations of American Indian grandchildren by grandparents and grandchildren; and (5) Suggestions for improvement of the dyad relationship. Social work practice with American Indian grand families and direction for future research are discussed.
FINE STRUCTURE OF CELL DIVISION IN CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDI : Basal Bodies and Microtubules

Cell division in log-phase cultures of the unicellular, biflagellate alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardi, has been studied with the electron microscope. The two basal bodies of the cell replicate prior to cytokinesis; stages in basal body formation are presented. At the time of cell division, the original basal bodies detach from the flagella, and the four basal bodies appear to be involved in the orientation of the plane of the cleavage furrow. Four sets of microtubules participate in cell division. Spindle microtubules are involved in a mitosis that is marked by the presence of an intact nuclear envelope. A band of microtubules arcs over the mitotic nucleus, indicating the future cleavage plane. A third set of microtubules appears between the daughter nuclei at telophase, and microtubules comprising the "cleavage apparatus" radiate from the basal bodies and extend along both sides of the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. Features of cell division in C. reinhardi are discussed and related to cell division in other organisms. It is proposed that microtubules participate in the formation of the cleavage furrow in C. reinhardi.
History of dermatologic surgery from the beginnings to late antiquity

Abstract When and where did dermatologic surgery begin? How did our modern practices originate? These intriguing and vexing questions are quite impossible to answer with any degree of confidence. Perhaps dermatologie surgery began early in the present century with William Halsted's detailed classic studies on tissue handling. 1 Some might select a date somewhere within the past 100 years when asepsis and local anesthesia first came on the scene. Perhaps some historians with a more retrospective lens might look back four centuries to the Renaissance surgeon, Ambroise Pare, who treated "poisoned" wounds with the "fat of puppy dogs" instead of boiling oil and controlled bleeding by grasping and ligating the severed ends of blood vessels. Other historians find the origins in ancient writings. In this brief chapter, I suggest that the origins of dermatologic surgery predate recorded history, and that ancient writings reveal surprising progress in this field. Because of limited space I shall offer only a few examples and speculations while trying to cover a very long period of time, from the Lower Paleolithic era until the time of Christ. Anthropologic data, written documents, and a limited amount of archeologie evidence will be presented. 2 Indications of skin surgery derived from iconographic sources will not be mentioned; neither will the fascinating surgical practices of contemporary primitive peoples, which by inference argue for the broad range of prehistoric surgical techniques. The history of specific instruments will be mentioned briefly.
MS/MS spectra of organic ions generated by secondary ion mass spectrometry

Abstract Organic ions are withdrawn directly from the condensed phase in molecular secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). In common with other desorption ionization methods, SIMS provides both molecular weight and structural information about complex molecules; other characteristics include a persistence of ion emission, a propensity for cluster ion formation, and a sensitivity to matrix effects. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) can be advantageously coupled with SIMS to establish ionic relationships in the gas phase, to deduce ion structure, and in analytical studies. In this work, capabilities for isomer differentiation are demonstrated in the natural products field, the value of solid matrices in desorption ionization is illustrated, and in situ isotopic selection is used to interpret spectra. Various types of cluster ions generated in SIMS are analyzed by MS/MS, which allows a distinction between weakly and strongly bound complexes. The cluster ions formed between the cation of thiamine and glycerol shows a strong sample/solvent interaction and consequently glycerol is too reactive a solvent to be used in obtaining the mass spectrum of thiamine. Gas phase fragmentations of the intact cation of carnitine are strikingly different from those observed in the SIMS spectrum, in contrast to the behavior of thiamine, cocaine and candicine for which collision-induced dissociations provide a good guide to desorption ionization mass spectra.
A Phenomenological Perspective on Older Widows’Satisfactions With Their Lives:

The study of life satisfaction (LS) has been a preeminent focus in gerontological research, but the validity of the construct has been questioned. The main aim of this descriptive phenomenological study was to describe the structures of experience (phenomena) that older widows associated with perceptions of gratification, pleasure, or contentment. A secondary analysis was done of 44 interviews conducted with 16 older widows. The phenomenon of interest was savoring satisfactions. Six component phenomena, including “doing what I can for them” and “bringing variety to life,” were common across the sample. The women’s specific intentions reflected personal nuances of the phenomenon. The personal-social context of the experience was described, and sources of satisfaction were highlighted as opportunities afforded by the environment. Findings were compared to domains typically measured in LS instruments and predominant research traditions. Ideas were cited for preventive interventions and further research about...
Genomic classification using an information-based similarity index: application to the SARS coronavirus.

Measures of genetic distance based on alignment methods are confined to studying sequences that are conserved and identifiable in all organisms under study. A number of alignment-free techniques based on either statistical linguistics or information theory have been developed to overcome the limitations of alignment methods. We present a novel alignment-free approach to measuring the similarity among genetic sequences that incorporates elements from both word rank order-frequency statistics and information theory. We first validate this method on the human influenza A viral genomes as well as on the human mitochondrial DNA database. We then apply the method to study the origin of the SARS coronavirus. We find that the majority of the SARS genome is most closely related to group 1 coronaviruses, with smaller regions of matches to sequences from groups 2 and 3. The information based similarity index provides a new tool to measure the similarity between datasets based on their information content and may hav...
The Teaching of Business Ethics: An Imperative at Business Schools

This study reports the findings of an investigation of MBAs and their views on the teaching of business ethics. The author found that tomorrow's business leaders believe that there are ethical standards that should be followed in business but that current ethical standards do not meet society's needs adequately. Moreover, although most respondents indicated that they can determine what constitutes ethical and unethical behavior, there was widespread agreement among students about whether business ethics should be taught as a required course in business schools.
Sets of Locally Maximal Visibility and Finite Unions of Starshaped Sets

Let \(\), where \(\) is an open connected subset of some linear topological space, such that S contains all triangular regions whose (relative) boundaries lie in S. If some finite subset T of S has locally maximal visibility in S, then \(\). Hence S is a finite union of starshaped sets whose kernels are determined by T. An analogous result holds for S open. Moreover, counterexamples show that neither the requirement on triangular regions nor the restriction to a finite set T can be deleted.
Coherent phonon scattering effects on thermal transport in thin semiconductor nanowires

The thermal conductance by phonons of a quasi-one-dimensional solid with isotope or defect scattering is studied using the Landauer formalism for thermal transport. The conductance shows a crossover from localized to Ohmic behavior, just as for electrons; however, the nature of this crossover is modified by delocalization of phonons at low frequency. A scalable numerical transfer-matrix technique is developed and applied to model quasi-one-dimensional systems in order to confirm simple analytic predictions. We argue that existing thermal conductivity data on semiconductor nanowires, showing an unexpected linear temperature dependence, can be understood through a model that combines incoherent surface scattering for short-wavelength phonons with nearly ballistic long-wavelength phonons. It is also found that even when strong phonon localization effects would be observed if defects are distributed throughout the wire, localization effects are much weaker when defects are only at the boundary, as in current experiments.
Physics and Chemistry of Mantle Plumes

Hot spot volcanic chains are a fundamental feature of the Earth's crust, but their origins are still poorly understood [Okal and Batiza, 1987]. The Hawaiian-Emperor volcanic chain, which dominates the topography of the central Pacific ocean floor, is the best developed and most intensely studied of the known hot spot tracks. It continues to be one of the world's most important field laboratories for the study of igneous processes, plate movements, mantle convection, structure, geochemical evolution, and the properties of the lithosphere. Despite continued effort, fundamental questions regarding the composition, structure, and evolution of Hawaiian volcanos and their magma sources remain unanswered. This is largely due to the fact that only lavas representing the late stages in the evolution of the volcanos can be sampled at the surface. Most of the internal structure of the volcanos and evidence of their growth history and geochemical evolution are hidden from view. The most deeply eroded volcanos are exposed only to depths of a kilometer or so, whereas the volcanos rise some 5–15 km above the old ocean floor [Moore, 1987].
Cost and Quantity Invcentives in Health Care: Altruistic Providers

This paper compares the cost and quality incentive effects of cost reimbursement and prospective payment systems in the health industru when providers are altuistic. Provider's behavioral rule is governed by a desire to maximize a weighted sum of profit and consumers' health benefit.
Reducing resource redundancy for concurrent error detection techniques in high performance microprocessors

With reducing feature size, increasing chip capacity, and increasing clock speed, microprocessors are becoming increasingly susceptible to transient (soft) errors. Redundant multi-threading (RMT) is an attractive approach for concurrent error detection and recovery. However, redundant threads significantly increase the pressure on the processor resources, resulting in dramatic performance impact. In this paper, we propose reducing resource redundancy as a means to mitigate the performance impact of redundancy. In this approach, all the instructions are redundantly executed, however, the redundant instructions do not use many of the resources used by an instruction. The approach taken to reduce resource redundancy is to exploit the runtime profile of the leading thread to optimally allocate resources to the trailing thread in a staggered RMT architecture. The key observation used in this approach is that, even with a small slack between the two threads, many instructions in the leading thread have already produced their results before their trailing counterparts are renamed. We investigate two techniques in this approach (i) register bits reuse technique that attempts to use the same register (but different bits) for both the copies of the same instruction, if the result produced by the instruction is of small size, and (ii) register value reuse technique that attempts to use the same register for a main instruction and a distinct redundant instruction, if both the instructions produce the same result. These techniques, along with some others, are used to reduce redundancy in register file, reorder buffer, and load/store buffer. The techniques are evaluated in terms of their performance, power, and vulnerability impact on an RMT processor. Our experiments show that the techniques achieve about 95% performance improvement and about 17% energy reduction. The vulnerability of the RMT remains the same with the techniques.
‘Big Push’ To Reduce Maternal Mortality In Uganda And Zambia Enhanced Health Systems But Lacked A Sustainability Plan

In the past decade, “big push” global health initiatives financed by international donors have aimed to rapidly reach ambitious health targets in low-income countries. The health system impacts of these efforts are infrequently assessed. Saving Mothers, Giving Life is a global public-private partnership that aims to reduce maternal mortality dramatically in one year in eight districts in Uganda and Zambia. We evaluated the first six to twelve months of the program’s implementation, its ownership by national ministries of health, and its effects on health systems. The project’s impact on maternal mortality is not reported here. We found that the Saving Mothers, Giving Life initiative delivered a large “dose” of intervention quickly by capitalizing on existing US international health assistance platforms, such as the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. Early benefits to the broader health system included greater policy attention to maternal and child health, new health care infrastructure, and new m...
Striatal and Medial Temporal Lobe Functional Interactions during Visuomotor Associative Learning

A network of regions including the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and the striatum are integral to visuomotor associative learning. Here, we evaluated the contributions of the structures of the striatum and the MTL, as well as their interactions during an arbitrary associative learning task. We hypothesized that activity in the striatum would correlate with the rate of learning, while activity in the MTL would track how well associations were learned. Further, we expected functional correlations to show both facilitative as well as competitive relationships depending on the regions involved. Results showed that activity throughout the striatum was modulated by the rate of learning, while the sensorimotor and ventral striatum were also modulated by probability correct. Across the MTL, activity correlated with the probability of being correct, while the perirhinal cortex and right parahippocampal cortex were modulated by the rate of learning. The activity in the ventral striatum robustly coupled with activity in the MTL during learning, while interactions between the associative striatum and the MTL showed the opposite pattern. These findings suggest dissociable computational roles for different subregions of the striatum and MTL. These subregions interact in distinct ways, perhaps forming functionally integrated networks during the learning of arbitrary associations.
Red loops, green links: Park Rabet and urban decline in East Leipzig

With its vividly sinuous and over-scaled red asphalt circuit, Park Rabet is notable as one of the first built examples to emerge following the late 1990s rediscovery of biomorphic design form. The ...
Cancer-Testis Antigen 7 Expression and Immune Responses Following Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma

Cancer–testis antigen 7 (CT7) is the most frequently and consistently expressed MAGE antigen in multiple myeloma, exhibits tissue-restricted expression, and is an independent negative prognostic factor for multiple myeloma. We sought to characterize CT7 protein expression in the bone marrow of patients with multiple myeloma undergoing allogeneic T cell–depleted hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloTCD-HSCT), and to examine the significance of CT7-specific cellular immune responses. We further aimed to determine CT7-derived immunogenic epitopes and their associated allelic restrictions. CT7 protein expression in neoplastic CD138+ plasma cells was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in bone marrow biopsies from 10 patients. CT7 was present in 8 of 10 patients. Longitudinal analyses of the 10 patients revealed an association between CT7 expression and prognosis. Longitudinal monitoring of CT7-specific T cells revealed an association between increased frequencies of CT7-specific T cells and reductions in specific myeloma markers. Epitope-specific reactivity to the nonamer FLAMLKNTV was detected by intracellular IFNγ assay in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow–derived T cells from HLA-A*0201+ patients. Serial monitoring of PB CT7-specific T-cell frequencies in 4 HLA-A*0201+ patients by HLA-A*0201-CT7(1087–1095) tetramer staining revealed an association with disease course. Phenotypic analyses revealed bone marrow enrichment for central memory CT7-specific T cells, while effector memory cells dominated the PB. Together, these findings support the development of immunotherapeutic strategies that aim to enhance CT7-directed immune responses for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Cancer Immunol Res; 2(6); 547–58. ©2014 AACR .
Color center laser spectroscopy of C2H and C2D

Abstract Gas-phase A 2 Π ← X 2 Σ + electronic transitions of C 2 H and C 2 D have been studied in a discharge through argon over polyacetylene and deuterated polyacetylene by magnetic rotation spectroscopy using a color center laser. The spectra were taken in the infrared region covering the spectral range 3200–3920 cm −1 . One new band of 2 Π ← 2 Σ + symmetry involving the ground vibronic state of C 2 H has been identified and rotationally analyzed. The origin of this band is at 3600 cm −1 . Bands at 3856, 3729, and 3426 cm −1 have been identified and assigned to C 2 D. Rotational analysis of the 3856- and 3426-cm −1 bands has determined that they are both of 2 Π ← 2 Σ + symmetry and that in both cases the lower state is the ground state of the C 2 D radical. The band at 3729 cm −1 has a vibronic symmetry type 2 Σ − ← 2 Π and has been assigned to a hot band of the bending mode with the transition A (0 1 0) ← X (0 1 0) . All four bands were least squares fitted individually with an effective rotational Hamiltonian. The parameters resulting from the fit and the observed frequencies are reported. The effective structure of the linear A state of C 2 H has been determined to be r CC = 1.289 A , r CH = 1.060 A .
Insulin and GLP‐1 infusions demonstrate the onset of adipose‐specific insulin resistance in a large fasting mammal: potential glucogenic role for GLP‐1

Prolonged food deprivation increases lipid oxidation and utilization, which may contribute to the onset of the insulin resistance associated with fasting. Because insulin resistance promotes the preservation of glucose and oxidation of fat, it has been suggested to be an adaptive response to food deprivation. However, fasting mammals exhibit hypoinsulinemia, suggesting that the insulin resistance-like conditions they experience may actually result from reduced pancreatic sensitivity to glucose/capacity to secrete insulin. To determine whether fasting results in insulin resistance or in pancreatic dysfunction, we infused early- and late-fasted seals (naturally adapted to prolonged fasting) with insulin (0.065 U/kg), and a separate group of late-fasted seals with low (10 pM/kg) or high (100 pM/kg) dosages of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) immediately following a glucose bolus (0.5g/kg), and measured the systemic and cellular responses. Because GLP-1 facilitates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, these infusions provide a method to assess pancreatic insulin-secreting capacity. Insulin infusions increased the phosphorylation of insulin receptor and Akt in adipose and muscle of early and late fasted seals; however the timing of the signaling response was blunted in adipose of late fasted seals. Despite the dose-dependent increases in insulin and increased glucose clearance (high dose), both GLP-1 dosages produced increases in plasma cortisol and glucagon, which may have contributed to the glucogenic role of GLP-1. Results suggest that fasting induces adipose-specific insulin resistance in elephant seal pups, while maintaining skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity, and therefore suggests that the onset of insulin resistance in fasting mammals is an evolved response to cope with prolonged food deprivation.
Inhibitory Properties of Aminoalkylsuccinimides on Isolated Horse Serum Butyrylcholinesterase: N-Methyl-2-phenyl-2-(tert-aminoalkyl)succinimides

The butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of several N-methyl-2-phenyl-2-(tert-aminoalkyl)succinimides were evaluated. The derivatives, all of which showed a mixed type of inhibition, were more potent as competitive than noncompetitive inhibitors. The results are discussed in terms of a possible mechanism for the formation of enzyme-inhibitor complexes.