cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IMU-Based Recurrence Quantification Analysis of the Signal Dampening Effect of a Thumb Protector in Deep Tendon Reflex Tests

Deep Tendon Reflex (DTR) tests are a vital part of a neurological examination that helps locate potential injuries to one's nervous system. While performing the tests, clinicians strike their thumbs for certain reflexes. To reduce pain caused by the reflex hammer, a thumb protector was developed. In this paper, we leveraged Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA) and Inertia Measurement Units (IMU) to objectively investigate whether the use of thumb protectors in DTR tests alters the reflexes elicited by the medical practitioners. To this end, IMU sensors were attached to the proximal and distal upper and lower extremities of the person being examined and a DTR test was performed without and with a thumb protector worn. Based on statistical tests, we analyzed the RQA measures of the Euler angles (roll, pitch, and yaw) of IMU sensor data captured during DTR tests in two different conditions (with and without a thumb protector). Our analysis shows that the reflexes elicited while wearing a thumb protector is as much as those elicited without a thumb protector. Our findings imply that thumb protectors do not have a dampening effect on reflexes elicited.
Wrist abscess due to drug-resistant Pasteurella multocida.

Abstract Many cases of cat and dog bites are associated with Pasteurella spp. infections. Antimicrobial therapy usually entails a β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combination such as amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Drug resistance in human Pasteurella spp. infections has rarely been reported in literature. In this report, we introduce the first documented case of a human Pasteurella spp. infection with resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. The potential emergence of drug-resistant Pasteurella spp may alter our therapeutic approach to animal bites in the future. This case highlights the need for further epidemiologic studies on Pasteurella spp antibiotic susceptibility patterns in both humans and cats.
Solar conversion of CO 2 to formate

Author(s): Houle, Frances | Abstract: Operando x-ray studies of an earth-abundant nanostructured catalyst for solar-driven water oxidation have shown that the excellent properties of this catalyst are due to the specific arrangement of Ni and Fe in the material. This catalyst offers an improved potential for scalable applications than noble metal catalysts.
Alpha Biofeedback Training: Some Methodological Issues and Future Considerations

This chapter attempts to help resolve some of the controversies in the field of alpha biofeedback training. Long before feedback training was developed, it was known that alpha activity was suppressed by visual and oculomotor processes. Many of the details of this relationship have been investigated in a wide variety of studies (Fenwick & Walker, 1969; Jasper & Shagass, 1941; Mulholland, 1969).
New Evidence on the Time-Varying Correlation between Consumption Growth and Stock Returns for the G7 Countries

Campbell (1996) reports that, for most countries, the unconditional correlation between quarterly stock returns and consumption growth is small in magnitude and sometimes even negative. Using a bivariate GARCH framework, we examine whether the conditional correlation between stock returns and consumption is positive, even if the unconditional correlation is not. Consistent with this, we find strong evidence, both for U.S. monthly and most G7 quarterly data, that the conditional correlation between innovations in consumption growth and stock returns is positive and significant. Moreover, for six of the G7 countries, we reject the hypothesis that the correlation is constant. For three of the G7 countries (including the U.S.), the correlation is statistically higher for positive stock return shocks relative to negative stock return shocks. However, the correlation is unaffected by large movements in the stock returns for most countries. Our results support Campbell and Cochrane (1999b), who stress the importance of time-varying conditioning information for explaining asset prices. For policymakers concerned with the effect of the stock market on the real economy, our results suggest that the policy response may need to be stronger than normal when the stock market is performing better than expected. However, extreme market conditions, whether positive or negative, should not have additional effects on policy..
Genome‐wide analysis of host responses to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa type III secretion system yields synergistic effects

The type III secretion system (TTSS) is a dedicated bacterial pathogen protein targeting system that directly affects host cell signalling and response pathways. Our goal was to identify host responses to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa effectors, introduced into target cells utilizing the TTSS. We carried out expression profiling of a human lung pneumocyte cell line A549 exposed to isogenic mutants of P. aeruginosa PAK lacking individual or a combination of TTSS components. We then devised a data analysis method to isolate the key responses to specific secreted bacterial effector proteins as well as components of the TTSS machinery. Individually, the effector proteins elicited host responses consistent with their known functions, many of which were cell cycle-related. However, our analysis has shown that the effector proteins elicit a distinct host transcriptional response when present in combination, suggesting a synergistic effect. Furthermore, the pattern of host transcriptional responses is consistent with the pore forming ability of the TTSS needle complex. This study shows that the individual components of the TTSS define an integrated system and that a systems biology approach is required to fully understand the complex interplay between pathogen and host.
A proposed approach to process decomposition and collaboration for MARVEL

An industrial-scale software process consists of a collection of subprocesses run by different people either simultaneously or at different times. This paper introduces a process decomposition and collaboration model to determine what the user and designer of such a process need from a Process-Centered Environment (PCE), and proposes extensions to a centralized rule-based PCE, MARVEL 3.1, to address some of those needs. This approach has a number of potential benefits such as support for various types of subprocess collaboration, decomposition of data and activities, distinction of specific points of view, process modularity, and parameterization of processes.
Social Networks in Political Campaigns: Facebook and Congressional Elections 2006, 2008

This paper affords an opportunity to study the early adoption and dissemination of emerging technology tools in campaigns by analyzing which candidates were the most likely to use Facebook in the 2006 and 2008 congressional elections, and how. The research hypotheses draw from the diffusion of innovation literature and the early studies of online campaigns, which these data are found to support. Our analysis of 822 House candidates in 2006 and 816 candidates in 2008 indicate that Facebook adoption diffused rapidly between 2006 and 2008, and at a steeper trajectory than did campaign web site adoption. Four multivariate analyses reveal that the motivators of adoption, party (Democrats), competition and money, are also drivers leading to extensive implementation and usage. College education was the only constituency variable to have a positive and significant effect on both Facebook presence and activity. Higher adoption rates by peers or competitors in the candidate’s own state, and a propensity to adopt other campaign technology innovations are strong positive motivators for early adoption, but irrelevant to extent of usage. Challengers and candidates for open seats were more likely to be early adopters, but incumbents implemented and used Facebook more extensively. These findings suggest that the medium has not changed the underlying campaign dynamic behind which candidates become early adopters and extensive users of new technologies. More consequentially, they show that previous research has overlooked some variables important to the former and also has much to discover about which ones explain the latter. The diffusion of innovation literature suggests some new directions for researchers to pursue on both points.
Specific heats of Tl 3 As Se 3 , Tl 3 Sb S 3 , AgTlS, and AgTlSe between 1 and 50 K

The specific heats of ${\mathrm{Tl}}_{3}$As${\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{Tl}}_{3}$Sb${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$, AgTlS, and AgTlSe have been measured between 1 and 50 K. The Debye temperatures are, respectively: 140, 145, 160, 140 K. Above 2.5 K an additional contribution is noticed which indicates low-lying optical modes.
Dietary Trilinoelaidate: Effects on Hematological Parameters, Serum Eicosanoids and Tissue Fatty Acid Composition in Rats

Increasing levels of tt18:2 were fed to rats for 11 weeks and the following parameters evaluated: bleeding time; platelet and red blood cell (RBC) counts; packed RBC volume; RBC hemolysis; (none of which were affected) and RBC calcium content; myeloid/erythroid marrow ratios (M/E); fatty acid composition of plasma and heart lipids, and serum eicosanoids, e.g., thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto). At the highest level of tt18:2 fed (6.3 en%), there was a notable decrease in RBC calcium content. Furthermore, this level of tt18:2 (6.3 en%) significantly decreased M/E ratios compared to normal, as did lower tt18:2 levels. Plasma and heart fatty acids reflected expected changes with increasing dietary tt18:2. Serum TXB2 versus 6-keto levels were more indicative of dietary trilinoelaidate intervention. TXB2 levels were significantly decreased with no apparent change in 6-keto serum levels in the rats fed 6.3 en% tt18:2 compared to control. Although the consumption of trilinoelaidate, at levels approximating normal human intake, (0.6 en%) is apparently not deleterious to any of the hematologic criteria studied; higher levels precipitate changes in M/E ratios. RBC calcium content and serum TXB2 levels. Therefore, until more physiological parameters have been evaluated, dietary tt18:2 seems to be without detrimental effects.
The Role of X-Chromosome Inactivation in Retinal Development and Disease

The expression of X-linked genes is equalized between males and females in mammalian species through X-Chromosome inactivation (XCI). Every cell in a female mammalian embryo randomly chooses one X Chromosome for epigenetic silencing at the 8–16 cell stage, resulting in a Gaussian distribution of XCI ratios with a peak at 50:50. At the tail extremes of this distribution, X-linked recessive mutations can manifest in disease in female carriers if the mutant allele is disproportionately active. The role of XCI skewing, if any, in X-linked retinal disease is still unknown, although many have speculated that such skewing accounts for phenotypic variation in female carriers of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XlRP). Some investigators have used clinical findings such as tapetal-like reflex, pigmentary changes, and multifocal ERG parameters to approximate XCI patches in the retina. These studies are limited by small cohorts and the relative inaccessibility of retinal tissue for genetic and epigenetic analysis. Although blood has been used as a proxy for other tissues in determining XCI ratios, blood XCI skews with age out of proportion to other tissues and may not accurately reflect retinal XCI ratios. Future investigations in determining retinal XCI ratios and the contribution of XCI to phenotype could potentially impact prognosis for female carriers of X-linked retinal disease.
X rays from foil-excited iodine beams

$M$--- x-ray spectra from foil-excited iodine beams between 40 and 62 MeV have been studied using a bent-crystal spectrometer. The prompt spectrum is so rich as to defy analysis, but the delayed spectrum exhibits a number of resolved lines. Electric quadrupole $4s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3d$ transitions are observed from metastable systems in the Ni i, Cu i, and Zn i isoelectronic sequences. Electric dipole $4p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3d$ transitions from states in these isoelectronic sequences also appear downstream. Transition energies and quadrupole lifetimes have been measured and are compared with the results of both relativistic and nonrelativistic calculations.
Perspectives on treatment for communication deficits associated with right hemisphere brain damage.

Purpose To describe the current treatment research for communication (prosodic, discourse, and pragmatic) deficits associated with right hemisphere brain damage and to provide suggestions for treat...
Transition states for hydride-water (H-)(H2O)n clusters, n = 2-6, 20

Abstract Hydride anion (H – ) reacts quickly in aqueous solution to form molecular hydrogen (H 2 ) and hydroxide ion (OH – ), but (H – )(H 2 O) n clusters have many PES local minima in which the hydride is solvated by two or more water molecules making dihydrogen bonds. Using ab initio methods applied to (H – )(H 2 O) n clusters for n ≤ 6 and for n = 20, we explored these clusters’ reaction pathways and transition states. At the B3LYP/6−311++G∗∗ level of theory, all of the small (2 ≤ n ≤ 6) clusters are unstable or barely stable at 0 K: all activation barriers for reaction to form H 2 are under 0.5 kcal/mol, all but one are under 0.2 kcal/mol, and most are negative. In some instances the lowest-barrier reaction pathway is multi-step, requiring H-bond rearrangements first, and those rearrangements are consistent with improving the “presolvation” of the emerging (OH – ) in accordance with a “solvation hierarchy.” The arrangements explored for n = 20 consist of (H – ) encapsulated by a dodecahedral cage with coordination of 3, 4, 5, or 6 at the hydride anion. The lowest-energy (H – )(H 2 O) 20 cluster found has 4 H-bonds to the anion. Of several reaction pathways explored, the lowest barrier height is 3.68 kcal/mol at 0 K, suggesting that a low-temperature stable solvated hydride can exist. For the (H – )(H 2 O) 20 clusters at their transition states to H 2 formation, the H – –H distances are at or below the van der Waals cutoff for covalent H—H bonding (92 pm). In all, 21 transition states to (H 2 )(OH – )(H 2 O) n –1 and eight H-bond rearranging transition states are presented. During a 25 ps AIMD simulation of H – in a box of 32 H 2 O’s at 300 K, reaction to form H 2 did not occur, the hydride ion spent 95% of the time being 4-coordinated, and two first-shell exchanges were observed. This and other calculations suggest the mean survival time of (H – ) in bulk water at 300 K is likely between 20 and 100 ps.
Compilation and interpretation of photochemical model performance statistics published between 2006 and 2012

Abstract Regulatory and scientific applications of photochemical models are typically evaluated by comparing model estimates to measured values. It is important to compare quantitative model performance metrics to a benchmark or other studies to provide confidence in the modeling results. Since strict model performance guidelines may not be appropriate for many applications, model evaluations presented in recent literature have been compiled to provide a general assessment of model performance over a broad range of modeling systems, modeling periods, intended use, and spatial scales. Operational model performance is compiled for ozone, total PM2.5, speciated PM2.5, and wet deposition of sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and mercury. The common features of the model performance compiled from literature are photochemical models that have been applied over the United States or Canada and use modeling platforms intended to generally support research, regulatory or forecasting applications. A total of 69 peer-reviewed articles which include operational model evaluations and were published between 2006 and March 2012 are compiled to summarize typical model performance. The range of reported performance is presented in graphical and tabular form to provide context for operational performance evaluation of future photochemical model applications. In addition, recommendations are provided regarding which performance metrics are most useful for comparing model applications and the best approaches to match model estimates and observations in time and space for the purposes of metric aggregations.
Symmetry, stability, and elastic properties of icosahedral incommensurate crystals.

The symmetry and stability of icosahedral incommensurate structures and generalized two-dimensional Penrose pentagonal structures are studied. The crystallographic properties of Penrose lattices are described by five-dimensional (5D) super space groups, and the icosahedral structures are described by 6D space groups, with or without improper translations. The density in real space is given as the density along a three-dimensional plane in this 6D space. The fivefold symmetry of the diffraction spectrum of Mn-Al alloys, which is inconsistent with three-dimensional translational invariance, reflects a fivefold rotation axis of the 6D space group. The six continuous degrees of freedom associated with the 6D space represent the usual three orthogonal rigid displacements of the crystal, plus three phase shifts associated with internal rearrangements, leading to three acoustic-phonon modes and three phason modes. There are two independent elastic constants, which is fewer than in any regular crystal, representing one-dimensional and five-dimensional irreducible strains, respectively. If the phase degrees of freedom are included, there are five generalized elastic constants. The stability of icosahedral structures and ``lyotropic'' Penrose structures can be understood from a phenomenological Landau theory. The ideal icosahedral crystal has perfect positional order, which is stable with respect to thermal fluctuations at low temperatures. The melting transition is first order.
Application of lidar winds to data assimilation and numerical weather prediction

One of the major applications of space-based Doppler wind lidar is to improve atmospheric analyses and numerical weather prediction (NWP). Since the mid 1980s, Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) have been conducted in order to evaluate the potential impact of lidar winds on NWP. These experiments have shown tremendous potential for satellite lidar observations to improve atmospheric analyses and forecasts. In addition, the OSSEs are providing an evaluation of trade-offs in lidar design, and are currently being used to define the specific requirements for lidar winds in terms of horizontal and vertical coverage and accuracy.
Emmy Noether's first great mathematics and the culmination of first-phase logicism, formalism, and intuitionism

Emmy Noether’s many articles around the time that Felix Klein and David Hilbert were arranging her invitation to Gottingen include a short but brilliant note on invariants of finite groups highlighting her creativity and perspicacity in algebra. Contrary to the idea that Noether abandoned Paul Gordan’s style of mathematics for Hilbert’s, this note shows her combining them in a way she continued throughout her mature abstract algebra.
Genesis and Significance of Palmar and Digital Creases

Our studies of skin creases in the early developing hand and in a variety of malformed hands show that these creases, which develop between 7 and 14 weeks of fetal life, are secondard to the early flexion planes in the developing hand. Thus with lack of development or flexion of a digital joint no underlying digital crease was found of a digital joint no underlying digital crease was found; and with lack of formations or oppositional function of the thumb there was no thenar palmar crease. The normal distal palmar sloping crease was found to be related to the sloping flexional plane of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th metacarpal-phalangeal joints and the usual mid-palmar crease represents the plane of skin folding between the sloping distal crease and the thenar crease. The occurrence of a single horizontal palmar crease, the simian crease, was found by roentogenographic studies to be related to a diminished slope of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th metacarpal-phalangeal joints such that only a single early horizontal plane of flexion existed in the skin of the upper palm. Thus hand creases provide a record of the early flexional planes of function in the developing hand and any crease abnormality should always be interpreted as an indication of a more primary defeat in form and/ or function of the early developing hand.
Implementation of Electronic Health Record System at a Community Healthcare Organization

In the wake of the debate over healthcare reform, community health centers grapple with the challenges of implementing an Electronic Health Records (EHR) System. The barriers to an effective implementation are as varied as there are strategies for implementation. The culture of the organization adds a layer of complexity to the efforts to enhance organizational readiness for EHR implementation. By adopting a three-phased approach involving organizational assessment, data gathering and analysis and a discussion of results and findings, this study systematically identifies the barriers to the effective implementation of an EHR system at a community health center. Once identified, the lessons learned from the barriers were then used to manage the roll-out of the EHR system. Comparative data from the study reveals process and operational benefits in the proper implementation and adoption of the EHR system. This study was undertaken to understand the barriers to the implementation of EHR at a community health center and to use that information in guiding the implementation effort. This study also highlights some of the pitfalls in the implementation process.
Using High-Level Construal and Perceptions of Changeability to Promote Self-Change Over Self-Protection Motives in Response to Negative Feedback:

Diagnostic negative information presents people with a motivational dilemma. Although negative feedback can provide useful information with which to guide future self-improvement efforts, it also presents short-term affective costs. We propose that construal level, jointly with the perceived changeability of the feedback domain, determines whether people choose to accept or dismiss such information. Whereas low-level construal promotes short-term self-protection motivation (promoting dismissal), high-level construal promotes long-term self-change motivation (promoting acceptance)—to the extent that change is perceived as possible. Four studies support this hypothesis and examine underlying cognitive and motivational mechanisms. The present work may provide an integrative theoretical framework for understanding when people will be open to and accept negative diagnostic information, and has important practical implications for promoting self-change efforts.
Treatment of the primary hyperoxalurias: A new chapter

Despite advances in the enzymology, molecular genetics, and clinical knowledge of the primary hyperoxalurias, few treatments are available. Oxalobacter formigenes is a promising new therapy with potential to induce secretion of oxalate into the intestinal lumen, where it can be degraded by the bacteria.
What we fear most: A developmental advantage for threat-relevant stimuli

Abstract Fear is one of our most basic emotions. It is an important social signal and alerts us to when a situation is safe or risky. Interestingly, not all fears are created equal: Several researchers have proposed that humans develop specific fears, such as fear of threatening stimuli, more readily than others. Here we discuss three major theories of fear acquisition, and consider the possibility that some fears are privileged in learning. Second, we review a growing literature that suggests that humans have perceptual biases that quickly draw attention to threatening stimuli in the environment. In particular, we highlight recent developmental work that shows that even infants and young children respond rapidly to the presence of threat well before they acquire any threat-relevant fears. Finally, we argue that such biases may play a causal role in privileging fear learning for certain threats, and we suggest directions for future work that can clarify whether early biases in perception indeed facilitate the development of our most common fears.
Preparing Teachers for Schools of the 21st Century

There are few subjects in the educational literature that have received more attention than the preparation of teachers. Virtually all of this literature is pervaded by the belief that central to the education of children is the competence of teachers, a belief that is as intuitively right as it is unsurprising. What is surprising is the inattention paid to the idea that what constitutes competence in teaching is intimately connected with the kind of education that we think students should receive. Put another way, what we want teachers to be able to do is related to the aspirations we hold for our children. And what aspirations do we hold for our children? What kind of outcomes do we seek? What kind of people do we hope they will become? In the United States such questions do not have uniform and tidy answers. Nor is there public consensus-beyond the so-called basicsconcerning priorities, direction, and manner in education. In many ways this lack of consensus is a strength rather than a weakness. Diversity in education breeds social complexity and social complexity can lead to a richness in culture that uniformity can never provide. What democratic cultures need is unity in diversity; both are necessary. In holding this view concerning the virtues of pluralism in education, I believe I am in a professional minority. There is in the United States a major effort now underway to create a national consensus on the goals and standards for American schools.' Indeed, many believe that American schools are not as
Comment on “Measurements of air‐sea gas exchange at high wind speeds in the Southern Ocean: Implications for global parameterizations” by D. T. Ho et al.

[1] Recently, Ho et al. [2006] presented the gas transfer velocity measurements at high wind speeds from the SOLAS New Zealand Air-Sea Exchange (NZ-SAGE) experiment conducted in the western Pacific sector of Southern Ocean. Gas transfer velocities were determined using the He/SF6 dual gas tracer technique. The NZ-SAGE experiment alone has more than doubled the number of He/SF6-derived gas transfer velocity measurements from the open ocean, and the measurements spread into high wind speed range (above 10 m s ), which is extremely useful in determining empirical parameterizations of gas transfer velocity. One of the conclusions from the paper is that ‘‘The results clearly reveal a quadratic relationship between wind speed and gas transfer velocity, rather than a recently proposed cubic relationship.’’ While we congratulated their significant success in collecting gas transfer velocity measurements at high wind speeds through the NZSAGE experiment, we would like to point out that one of the assumptions implied in the data presentation, namely the form of enhancement factor, e, that was adopted, favors the quadratic relationship between wind speed and gas transfer velocity. Therefore the above conclusion is less convincing, and we also fear that hasty readers could get the wrong impression when comparing gas transfer velocity measured at different timescales. This is of great importance to the outcomes of data-fitting parameterizations that are currently employed in estimating air-sea CO2 fluxes and in climate models for study of CO2 cycles.
Pasting and Thermal Properties of Potato and Bean Starches

Starches from potato (Mainechip, ND651-9 and Commercial) and Navy and Pinto bean were isolated and the pasting and thermal properties examined. Analysis by Rapid Visco-Analyzer (RVA) showed potato starches had lower pasting temperatures, higher peak viscosity, and lower setback than bean starches. High intrinsic viscosity values obtained for the potato starch indicated higher average molecular weight for the potato starches compared to the bean starches. Characterization of thermal (gelatinization and retrogradation) properties of starches by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showed that potato starches had sharp, well-defined gelatinization thermograms, while bean starches had broad, shallow thermograms with higher peak temperature (Tp). Potato starches required higher gelatinization enthalpies than bean starches. In comparison with gelatinization, the retrogradation thermograms of starches stored at three different temperatures (23,4 and −10°C) were broader and occurred at the lower temperatures. Compared to potato starches, Navy and pinto bean starches showed a higher retrogradation enthalpy at 4 and 23°C storage temperatures, but a lower enthalpy at −10°C.
Mean and variance of population size assuming Markovian vital rates

Abstract J. E. Cohen has presented recursive methods for computing the mean and approximate variance of population size in an age structured population experiencing Markovian vital rates. In the present paper, a recursive algorithm for the calculation of the exact variance of population size is given and compared with Cohen's algorithms in a specific numerical example. Also investigated is the growth rate of the mean population size, both in the presence and in the absence of immigration.
Intraoperative analysis of sentinel lymph nodes by imprint cytology for cancer of the breast.

Abstract Background: The utilization of lymphatic mapping techniques for breast carcinoma has made intraoperative evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) attractive, because axillary lymph node dissection can be performed during the initial surgery if the SLN is positive. The optimal technique for rapid SLN assessment has not been determined. Both frozen sectioning and imprint cytology are used for rapid intraoperative SLN evaluation. Methods A retrospective review of the intraoperative imprint cytology results of 133 SLN mapping procedures from132 breast carcinoma patients was performed. SLN were evaluated intraoperatively by bisecting the lymph node and making imprints of each cut surface. Imprints were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Diff-Quik. Permanent sections were evaluated with up to four H&E stained levels and cytokeratin immunohistochemistry. Imprint cytology results were compared with final histologic results. Results Sensitivity and specificity of imprint cytology were 56% and 100%, respectively, producing a 100% positive predictive value and 88% negative predictive value. Imprint cytology was significantly more sensitive for macrometastasis than micrometastasis 87% versus 22% (P = 0.00007). Of 13 total false negatives, 11 were found to be due to sampling error and 2 due to errors in intraoperative interpretation. Both intraoperative interpretation errors involved a diagnosis of lobular breast carcinoma. Conclusions The sensitivity and specificity of imprint cytology are similar to that of frozen section evaluation. Imprint cytology is therefore a viable alternative to frozen sectioning when intraoperative evaluation is required. If SLN micrometastasis is used to determine the need for further lymphadenectomy, more sensitive intraoperative methods will be needed to avoid a second operation.
Observation of high Q resonant modes in optically pumped GaN/InGaN microdisks fabricated using photoelectrochemical etching

III-nitride microdisks with InGaN multiple quantum well active regions were fabricated using photoelectrochemical etching. The microdisks were thin, mushroom-shaped devices with smooth undercut surfaces. High quality optical modes were observed. A focused ion beam was used to further polish the microdisk sidewalls, as well as to study the effect of ion damage to the gain region of the microdisk. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Children with muscular dystrophy

Summary A study of 185 children and youthreported with muscular dystrophy to the New York City register revealed that 130 could be located. Of the 130 located children, 113 had muscular dystrophy, of whom 100 were still alive. The study of the 100 surviving children with muscular dystrophy revealed that as a group there is considerable need for improvement of medical and health, social, educational, and recreational services.
LINKING COMPETITIVE STRATEGY AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS TECHNOLOGY

This paper presents an empirically grounded study of the linkages between competitive strategy and manufacturing technology for 20 small manufacturers. It identifies the nature of strategy-technology linkages, the process by which the two align, the market and customer forces driving this alignment, and the consequences of failing to adopt appropriate new technologies. the paper proposes five propositions which are developed into a dynamic strategy-technology linkage model.
The August 2007 heat wave in North Carolina: Meteorological factors and local variability

August 2007 was an exceptionally warm month across North Carolina. Hundreds of daily maximum and daily high minimum temperature records, as well as numerous all-time temperature records, were eithe...
Genetic Heritability of Urinary Stone Risk in Identical Twins

Purpose: Quantitative measurements of urinary parameters are valuable clinical tools for predicting the risk of nephrolithiasis. To our knowledge no previous studies have evaluated the heritability of urinary stone risk in identical twins. Because these individuals share identical genetics, the R defined by their phenotypic data are theoretically equal to the entire population H2.Materials and Methods: A total of 12 sets of healthy homozygous twins, including 4 males and 8 females for a total of 24 individuals, with a mean age of 25.9 years (range 21 to 36) volunteered for this study. All subjects provided informed written consent before assessment. Urinary stone risk profiles were done elsewhere on 2 consecutive days after 5 days of a standardized diet (170 mEq Na and 2500 kcal). Linear regression was performed on the data to determine R. Because identical twins were used, R was theoretically an estimate of H2.Results: Certain urinary stone risk markers were highly heritable, including urinary calcium (9...
An accurate JFET/MESFET model for circuit analysis☆☆☆

Abstract An accurate model for junction field-effect transistors (JFETs) and for Schottky barrier field-effect transistors (MESFETs) with micron and submicron dimensions is presented. The following effects are modeled: distributed channel charge, electrostatic drain feedback, drift velocity saturation, channel length modulation, substrate bias effect, subthreshold region effect, short-length and narrow-width effects, drain-source punch-through, variable capacitance effects, and temperature effects. It is primarily physical rather than empirical and only one set of parameters is needed to simulate devices of a particular technology. The model is intended for silicon devices, but the extension to devices in semiconducting III – V compounds and with insulating substrates is straightforward. The model is compared to experimental data.
The c-Myb target gene neuromedin U functions as a novel cofactor during the early stages of erythropoiesis

The requirement of c-Myb during erythropoiesis spurred an interest in identifying c-Myb target genes that are important for erythroid development. Here, we determined that the neuropeptide neuromedin U (NmU) is a c-Myb target gene. Silencing NmU, c-myb, or NmU's cognate receptor NMUR1 expression in human CD34(+) cells impaired burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) and colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E) formation compared with control. Exogenous addition of NmU peptide to NmU or c-myb siRNA-treated CD34(+) cells rescued BFU-E and yielded a greater number of CFU-E than observed with control. No rescue of BFU-E and CFU-E growth was observed when NmU peptide was exogenously added to NMUR1 siRNA-treated cells compared with NMUR1 siRNA-treated cells cultured without NmU peptide. In K562 and CD34(+) cells, NmU activated protein kinase C-βII, a factor associated with hematopoietic differentiation-proliferation. CD34(+) cells cultured under erythroid-inducing conditions, with NmU peptide and erythropoietin added at day 6, revealed an increase in endogenous NmU and c-myb gene expression at day 8 and a 16% expansion of early erythroblasts at day 10 compared to cultures without NmU peptide. Combined, these data strongly support that the c-Myb target gene NmU functions as a novel cofactor for erythropoiesis and expands early erythroblasts.
Use of curcuminoids in a cohort of patients with oral lichen planus, an autoimmune disease

Abstract Objectives To summarize long-term open-label use of curcuminoids and experience of side-effects in 53 patients with the autoimmune condition oral lichen planus (OLP) who had previously participated in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of curcuminoids at UCSF. Methods This descriptive retrospective cohort study conducted in 2009 collected information from clinic charts and patient interview on the over-the-counter (OTC) use of curcuminoids during a 1–5 year follow-up period. Of the 53 eligible patients, 33 had previously participated in a RCT (2003–2004) that evaluated a dose of 2000 mg/day of curcuminoids and which was ended early for futility and 20 had participated in a RCT (2007–2008) that evaluated a dose of 6000 mg/day which demonstrated its efficacy. At the last study visit of each of the 2 RCTs all participants were given current published information about curcuminoids, and some went on to take OTC curcuminoids. Results Follow-up data was available on 43 participants [25/33 (75%) from the first and 19/20 (95%) from the second RCT]. 18/25 (72%) participants from the first trial took OTC curcuminoids after completion of the trial period. The mean total daily dose was 2137.5 mg (SD = 793, range 500–3000 mg) and mean duration of curcuminoids use was 30 months (SD = 27.5). The total follow-up time after completion of the RCT for the 18 participants was mean 68.2 months (SD 5.9). 10/18 (56%) reported that curcuminoids controlled OLP symptoms, and the mean duration of use among these patients was 35.8 months (SD 27.4). 8/18 (44%) were unsure whether curcuminoids helped and the mean duration of use was 21.0 months (SD 27.3). 2 of 18 patients (11%) reported a side-effect (SE) of diarrhea. 19/19 (100%) patients from the second trial took OTC curcuminoids after completion of the trial period. The mean total daily dose was 5058 mg (SD = 1445, range 1000–6000 mg) and mean duration of curcuminoids use 9.6 months (SD = 8.04). The total follow-up time after completion of the RCT for the 19 participants was mean 15.8 months (SD 4.8). 12/19 (63%) reported that curcuminoids controlled OLP symptoms, and the mean duration of use was 14.1 months (SD 6.7). 2/19 (11%) reported lack of improvement with a daily dose of 1500 mg and 2500 mg for 3 months each. 5/19 (26%) were unsure whether curcuminoids helped and the mean duration of use was 1.5 months (1.2 SD). Six of these 19 patients (32%) reported SEs, three had abdominal discomfort, two diarrhea and one slight urgency in defecation on the capsule but not the tablet formulation. The SEs resolved with dose reduction to 4500 mg/day in one and 3000 mg/day in two patients, while two patients [2/19 (11%)] discontinued curcuminoids due to the SE. Conclusions A total of 22/37 (60%) of patients reported a reduction of symptoms with curcuminoids, 13/37 (35%) were unsure and 2/37 (5%) reported that it did not help in reduction of symptoms. Side-effects included abdominal discomfort and diarrhea, however occurrence was dose-related, and complaints were mild.
Short-chain phosphoinositide partitioning into plasma membrane models.

Phosphoinositides are vital for many cellular signaling processes, and therefore a number of approaches to manipulating phosphoinositide levels in cells or excised patches of cell membranes have been developed. Among the most common is the use of “short-chain” phosphoinositides, usually dioctanoyl phosphoinositol phosphates. We use isothermal titration calorimetry to determine partitioning of the most abundant phosphoinositol phosphates, PI(4)P and PI(4,5)P2 into models of the intracellular and extracellular facing leaflets of neuronal plasma membranes. We show that phosphoinositide mole fractions in the lipid membrane reach physiological levels at equilibrium with reasonable solution concentrations. Finally we explore the consequences of our results for cellular electrophysiology. In particular, we find that TRPV1 is more selective for PI(4,5)P2 than PI(4)P and activated by extremely low membrane mole fractions of PIPs. We conclude by discussing how the logic of our work extends to other experiments with short-chain phosphoinositides. For delayed rectifier K+ channels, consideration of the membrane mole fraction of PI(4,5)P2 lipids with different acyl chain lengths suggests a different mechanism for PI(4,5)P2 regulation than previously proposed. Inward rectifier K+ channels apparent lack of selectivity for certain short-chain PIPs may require reinterpretation in view of the PIPs different membrane partitioning.
Endoscopic Papillotomy in the Geriatric Patient with Complicated Biliary‐Tract Disease

Biliary-tract disease is not only more common in the geriatric population but carries an increased surgical risk. Described is a series of 10 middle-aged and elderly patients who had stones in the common bile duct associated with significant underlying medical illness or peri-ampullary pathologic changes. They were successfully treated by endoscopic papillotomy. The 80 percent success rate in such critically ill patients suggests that endoscopic papillotomy might be used as the initial treatment modality in aging patients with amenable biliary-tract disease.
Glucocorticoid receptor stabilization: Relative effects of molybdate ion on inactivation by alkaline phosphatase and phospholipase A2

Glucocorticoid receptors in cytosol preparations from rat liver or mouse L cells are inactivated by phospholipase A2 or calf intestine alkaline phosphatase. Molybdate ion, an inhibitor of a variety of phosphatase enzymes, does not prevent inactivation of glucocorticoid binding capacity by alkaline phosphatase but it blocks inactivation by phospholipase A2. In neither case is the enzyme itself inhibited, and the effect of molybdate on phospholipase-mediated inactivation appears to reflect the ability of molybdate to prevent receptor inactivation by the detergent action of lysophosphatides.
The merit of selectivity in the surgical management of congenital megacolon (Hirschsprung’s disease)

The importance of determining the precise location and extent of the area of aganglionosis has been emphasized. With this knowledge, a sound basis is provided for the proper selection of the type of operation that should be employed in the treatment of congenital megacolon. An attempt has been made to clarify factors that should be considered when making this decision.
Myb protein specificity: evidence of a context-specific transcription factor code

Vertebrates express three different Myb family transcription factors, A-Myb, B-Myb, and c-Myb, that share a highly conserved DNA binding domain, bind to the same DNA sequences, and activate the same reporter gene constructs in transfection assays. However, the three Myb proteins have completely different biological roles, and microarray assays have shown that ectopic expression of each protein causes the activation of different sets of human genes. Furthermore, the genes that are activated by each protein in different cell types are distinct, suggesting that Myb transcription factors are subject to context-specific regulatory mechanisms. The data support a modification code model in which Myb proteins become decorated with different sets of posttranslational modifications in different cell types, and these modifications control the ability of the Myb proteins to interact with other cellular components that are required for activating specific sets of genes.
A separable Hartley-like transform in two or more dimensions

This letter introduces a discrete, separable, real-to-real transform, called the cas-cas transform. Theorems for the two-dimensional (2-D) case are presented, and the cas-cas transform is compared to the Hartley transform as an alternative way to convolve 2-D arrays and compute 2-D power spectra.
Impact Analysis of Topology Poisoning Attacks on Economic Operation of the Smart Power Grid

The Optimal Power Flow (OPF) routine used in energy control centers allocates individual generator outputs by minimizing the overall cost of generation subject to system level operating constraints. The OPF relies on the outputs of two other modules, namely topology processor and state estimator. The topology processor maps the grid topology based on statuses received from the switches and circuit breakers across the system. The state estimator computes the system state, i.e., voltage magnitudes with phase angles, transmission line flows, and system loads based on real-time meter measurements. However, topology statuses and meter measurements are vulnerable to false data injection attacks. Recent research has shown that such cyber attacks can be launched against state estimation where adversaries can corrupt the states but still remain undetected. In this paper, we show how the stealthy topology poisoning attacks can compromise the integrity of OPF, and thus undermine economic operation. We describe a formal verification based framework to systematically analyze the impact of such attacks on OPF. The proposed framework is illustrated with an example. We also evaluate the scalability of the framework with respect to time and memory requirements.
A Method for Dynamic Fracture Initiation Testing of Ceramics

Abstract : An experimental method is described whereby the dynamic fracture initiation toughness of ceramics and ceramic composites can be measured in pure tension or pure torsion at stress intensity factor rates of 100,000 to 1,000,000 MPA sq rt m/s. In this procedure, circumferentially-notched cylindrical rods are subjected to uniaxial cyclic compression at room temperature to introduce a self-arresting, concentric Mode I fatigue pre-crack, following the technique presented by Suresh et al. (1987) and Suresh and Tschegg (1987). Subsequently, dynamic fracture initiation is effected by stress wave loading with a sharp- fronted pulse which subjects the specimen to a dynamic load inducing either Mode I or Mode III fracture. Instrumentation appropriate to the loading mode provides a record of average stress at the fracture site as a function of time. The capability of this method to yield highly reproducible dynamic fracture initiation toughness values for ceramics is demonstrated with the aid of experiments conducted on a polycrystalline aluminum oxide.
Probabilistic complexity analysis for a class of approximate DFT algorithms

We present a probabilistic complexity analysis of a class of multi-stage algorithms which incrementally refine DFT approximations. Each stage of any algorithm in this class improves the results of the previous stage by a fixed increment in one of three dimensions: SNR, frequency resolution, or frequency coverage. However, the complexity of each stage is probabilistically dependent upon certain characteristics of the input signal. Assuming that an algorithm has to be terminated before its arithmetic cost exceeds a given limit, we have formulated a method for predicting the probability of completion of each of the algorithm's stages. This analysis is useful for low-power and real-time applications where FFT algorithms cannot meet the specified limits on arithmetic cost.