cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
kNOXing on the Door of Selective Insulin Resistance

Insulin controls systemic nutrient homeostasis by promoting anabolic processes in various tissues, including the stimulation of glucose influx (into muscle and adipose), protein and glycogen synthesis (in muscle and liver), lipid synthesis and storage (in liver and adipose), and the inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, and apoptosis and autophagy (especially in a damaged heart).1–3 Resistance to the action of insulin is associated with chronic physiological and inflammatory stress that develops during obesity and inactivity. In too many instances it progresses to type 2 diabetes mellitus when compensatory hyperinsulinemia fails to maintain glucose homeostasis. A combination of compensatory hyperinsulinemia and inconsistent levels of insulin resistance across body tissues can cause life-threatening sequela, especially nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis.3,4 Thus, dissection of the insulin signaling pathways and the molecular mechanisms of tissue-specific insulin resistance might reveal novel strategies to arrest or reverse the progression of metabolic disease. See accompanying article on page 1236 Cell-based studies initiated decades ago and extended most recently with mouse genetics reveal a common insulin signaling cascade that begins by activation of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase (IR) and propagates through the insulin receptor substrates (IRS1 and IRS2) to the phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase→ v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT) cascade 1. AKT plays a particularly broad role as it phosphorylates many protein substrates—including the direct phosphorylation and inactivation of FoxO (forkhead box protein O1 family of transcription factors, FoxO1 and FoxO3) and the indirect phosphorylation of CRTC2 (cAMP response element binding protein–regulated transcription coactivator 2) that inactivates cAMP response element binding protein. Inactivation of these factors suppresses the expression of many hepatic genes, including phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase that promote gluconeogenesis (Figure).5,6 Genetic disruption of hepatic insulin signaling by the ablation of the …
Never too late

Mr. ‘‘Wally’’ Poto arrived, via ambulance from Valley Hospital, with a thrombosed abdominal aortic aneurysm and bilaterally occluded common iliac arteries. I was there to admit him, excited because it was an emergency and delighted that I was admitting my very first patient. As I performed the physical exam, Mr. Poto remained pleasant and alert, even cracking a few jokes in a voice ragged from years of cigarette smoke as I asked about his symptoms, the pain he had had in his abdomen for 17 years (‘‘I wish I had come in 17 years ago,’’ he told me ruefully), his family and children, and his life since retirement. In just a few minutes, I learned of our shared love for Asian cuisine and the recent opening of his own restaurant after a lifetime of laboring and saving. ‘‘It’s never too late,’’ he winked at me, his gray eyes glittering even as the rest of his body lay limp across the hospital sheets. His feet appeared as if they belonged to the body of a corpse freshly dug from the earth: ice-cold, pale white bone peering through waxy blue skin, they led up to mottled, skeletal legs that yielded no pulses bilaterally. A cursory glance through his chart confirmed his status: at age 78, Mr. Poto had long since affirmed his wish to be DNR/DNI (‘‘do not resuscitate, do not intubate’’). When my attending arrived minutes later and explained the emergent surgery needed to restore blood flow to his legs, however, Mr. Poto was adamant. ‘‘Do everything you can’’ was his instruction. His code status tossed aside for the moment, my team rushed to the OR that afternoon, emerging at 10 pm that night with what seemed to be pulses in both feet detectable by Doppler ultrasound. Each morning for the next 2 weeks, Mr. Poto became my responsibility. I greeted him every morning and took down his dressings, palpated his newly restored pulses, and asked him how
On Slippery Constitutional Slopes and the Affordable Care Act

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is one of the most significant laws ever passed by Congress. It is aimed at a social problem of the first order, the spiraling costs of health care and the millions of Americans without health insurance. The new law has engendered an enormous amount of public discussion and likely will be a major issue in the upcoming national elections. At the center of the controversy is the keystone of the Act: a mandate that almost all Americans obtain a minimum amount of health insurance or be assessed a penalty when paying their income taxes. Lawsuits have been brought challenging the constitutionality of the mandate on numerous grounds. One of these cases, brought by twenty-six states and private plaintiffs, is pending before the Supreme Court and may very well be a landmark decision. Plaintiffs claim that Congress does not have power under Article I to impose the requirement. There are two possible Article I bases for upholding the mandate: the Commerce Clause and the taxation provisions of the General Welfare Clause. Opponents deny that these are valid grounds. Their primary argument is that the Act either regulates or taxes inactivity and that allowing such a measure would give Congress limitless power to legislate. Further, if the mandate constitutes a tax under Article I, it must be an unapportioned “direct tax,” which the Constitution prohibits. This article examines these challenges and others in detail. It concludes that the mandate can be justified under both the Commerce Clause (as augmented by the Necessary and Proper Clause) and the General Welfare Clause.
A Practitioner’s Guide to Prescribing Primidone for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities

We developed this primidone guideline using drug prescribing information and reviewing the available literature on relevant neuropsychiatric disorders in populations without intellectual disabilities because of the dearth of available literature on the population with intellectual disabilities. This guideline includes indications; contraindications; assessments prior to and during treatment; dosing with particular focus on dosing modifications required by drug–drug interactions, personal characteristics; and adverse drug reactions. The procedures contained in this guideline may not fully account for all of the possible risks of treatment in this population because of the limited studies available; thus, there will be a need to periodically update this guideline as new information becomes available. Nevertheless, we believe that this guideline provides a useful resource for clinicians who treat epilepsy in adult individuals with intellectual disabilities. A primidone drug utilization review that summarizes this guideline is described.
Combat System Prerequisites on Supercomputer Performance Analysis

Modern naval combatants host many highly complex systems. Each system performs one or more tactical capabilities. The single large-scale system formed via integration of these complex systems is a Combat System. This system is required to exhibit behavior described by the following attributes: deterministic, responsive, fault tolerant, automated and controlled.
Upward planarity testing of outerplanar dags (extended abstract)

In this paper, we present two polynomial-time algorithms to determine if an outerplanar directed acyclic graph (odag) can be drawn upward planar, that is, drawn in planar straight-line fashion so that all arcs point up. The first algorithm checks if the odag has an upward planar drawing that is topologically equivalent to the outerplanar embedding of the odag. This algorithm runs in linear time (which is optimal), and is faster than any previous algorithm known. The second algorithm also checks whether an odag has an upward planar drawing but does not insist that the drawing be topologically equivalent to the outerplanar embedding. This is the first polynomial-time algorithm we know of to solve this problem.
Robust switching output-feedback control of time-varying polytopic uncertain systems

ABSTRACTThe problem of designing a globally optimal robust output feedback controller for time-varying polytopic uncertain systems is a well-known non-convex optimisation problem. In this paper, new sufficient conditions for both robust H2 and H∞ switching output-feedback control syntheses are proposed in terms of bilinear matrix inequalities (BMIs) under the multiple Lyapunov function framework. This set of synthesis conditions is further reduced to a special type of BMIs, which can be solved effectively using linear matrix inequality optimisation plus a line search. The associated robust output-feedback controller is constructed as a switching-type full-order dynamic output-feedback controller, consisting of a family of linear time-invariant subcontrollers and a min-switching logic. The proposed approach features the important property of computational efficiency with stringent performance. Its effectiveness and advantages have been demonstrated through extensive numerical studies.
Central Neuropathic Pain Syndromes

Chronic pain is common in patients with neurologic complications of a central nervous system insult such as stroke. The pain is most commonly musculoskeletal or related to obligatory overuse of neurologically unaffected limbs. However, neuropathic pain can result directly from the central nervous system injury. Impaired sensory discrimination can make it challenging to differentiate central neuropathic pain from other pain types or spasticity. Central neuropathic pain may also begin months to years after the injury, further obscuring recognition of its association with a past neurologic injury. This review focuses on unique clinical features that help distinguish central neuropathic pain. The most common clinical central pain syndromes-central poststroke pain, multiple sclerosis-related pain, and spinal cord injury-related pain-are reviewed in detail. Recent progress in understanding of the pathogenesis of central neuropathic pain is reviewed, and pharmacological, surgical, and neuromodulatory treatments of this notoriously difficult to treat pain syndrome are discussed.
Polarimetric interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy: Vectorial computed imaging from optical coherence tomography data

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy (ISAM) obviates the trade-off between depth-of-focus and resolution in interferometric coherence imaging. In this work, ISAM's quantitative image reconstruction techniques are applied in a vectorial setting, thus admitting polarization-sensitive imaging.
Large eddy simulations of accidental fires using massively parallel computers

Large-scale hydrocarbon pool-fires (liquid hydrocarbon fires of pool diameters > 10m) are difficult to analyze experimentally because of the scale of the events. Massively parallel computing using thousands of processors offers a vehicle to deliver simulation-science based analysis of such large-scale events. On these scales the fires are turbulent; that is, dynamic vortical structures are present. The fire chemistry requires reaction mechanisms that allow for soot formation, growth and oxidation. Radiation, the dominant mode of heat transfer, is strongly affected by the presence of soot. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) provide temporally and spatially resolved information over time scales that include the well known puffing frequency and overall burning time for these fires and over spatial scales that include the vortical structures on the order of 10cm in scale and larger. Smaller spatial and temporal scale (subgridscale) processes are modeled. Verification and validation of the LES fire simulation tool with its subgridscale models provides some confidence that simulations replicate observables.
Experimental Complications Inherent to Low Reynolds Number Wind Tunnel Testing

Recent initiatives in high accuracy wind tunnel testing of Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) at the University of Colorado have illustrated some of the difficulties and complications involved with obtaining reliable experimental results at Reynolds numbers of less than 100,000. The low speeds and characteristic lengths inherently associated with MAV flow regimes result in small scale forces and moments which require a custom manufactured force balance to acquire data at a high enough resolution to provide accurate values. In addition, the quality of the flow itself has a significant effect on the test measurements as low Reynolds number flows are highly sensitive to the freestream turbulence intensity. Minor variations in turbulence (less than 1% deviation) can alter the separation point on the top surface of a test model and, thus, significantly change the recorded stall behavior. Complications also arise from the resolution of available commercial data acquisition hardware which are generally not designed for the small voltage outputs (on the order of 100 μV ) required for precise low Reynolds number experimentation. Finally, for any novel experimental setup such as the in-tunnel dynamic maneuvering capability being developed at CU, minimal literature exists to assist in the design or validation of the system. This paper focuses on the most significant of the experimental challenges which manifest themself at these low Reynolds number wind tunnel tests, describes several mitigation techniques used by the authors to minimize error, and presents system validation and additional test results.
Study and application of rodent risk assessment in major industries

Objective To establish a rodent risk assessment system for major industries based on risk recognition and evaluation and apply the system to the nine major industries of Nanchang.Methods A indicator matrix was built on the three epidemiological factors with which the risk recognition was initiated to analyze the rodent risk in all industries.Results Different extents of rodent risks were found in the industries,while a high risk of plague,hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and other rodent-borne diseases was seen in construction sites,bus stations and farm product markets.Moderate risks were found in hotels,restaurants,hospitals and supermarkets.Conclusion The risk assessment system may be used to predict rodent encroachment on special sectors and provide early warning to inform targeted control strategies.
Predicting Palustrine Wetland Probability Using Random Forest Machine Learning and Digital Elevation Data-Derived Terrain Variables

Abstract The probability of palustrine wetland occurrence in the state of West Virginia, USA, was mapped based on topographic variables and using random forests ( rf ) machine learning. Models were developed for both selected ecological subregions and the entire state. The models were first trained using pixels randomly selected from the United States National Wetland Inventory ( nwi ) dataset and were tested using a separate random subset from the nwi and a database of wetlands not found in the nwi provided by the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources ( wvdnr ). The models produced area under the curve ( auc ) values in excess of 0.90, and as high as 0.998. Models developed in one ecological subregion of the state produced significantly different auc values when applied to other subregions, indicating that the topographical models should be extrapolated to new physiographic regions with caution. Several previously unexplored dem -derived terrain variables were found to be of value, including distance from water bodies, roughness, and dissection. Non- nwi wetlands were mapped with an auc value of 0.956, indicating that the probability maps may be useful for finding potential palustrine wetlands not found in the nwi .
Awan: Locality-Aware Resource Manager for Geo-Distributed Data-Intensive Applications

Today, many organizations need to operate on datathat is distributed around the globe. This is inevitable due to thenature of data that is generated in different locations such as videofeeds from distributed cameras, log files from distributed servers, and many others. Although centralized cloud platforms havebeen widely used for data-intensive applications, such systemsare not suitable for processing geo-distributed data due to highdata transfer overheads. An alternative approach is to use anEdge Cloud which reduces the network cost of transferringdata by distributing its computations globally. While the EdgeCloud is attractive for geo-distributed data-intensive applications, extending existing cluster computing frameworks to a wide-areaenvironment must account for locality. We propose Awan: anew locality-aware resource manager for geo-distributed dataintensiveapplications. Awan allows resource sharing betweenmultiple computing frameworks while enabling high localityscheduling within each framework. Our experiments with theNebula Edge Cloud on PlanetLab show that Awan achieves up toa 28% increase in locality scheduling which reduces the averagejob turnaround time by approximately 18% compared to existingcluster management mechanisms.
Incorporating Inclusivity: How Organizations Can Improve the Workplace Experiences of Trans* People Across the Trans* Spectrum: A US Perspective

Trans* people in the United States face many barriers that limit their ability to work fully and efficiently, including lack of legal protections and frequent experiences of discrimination in the workplace. Employment related stressors impact trans* people across the transition spectrum, as they decide whether an organization is a safe environment to transition prior to transition and navigate confusing and often oppressive organizational policies and practices during transition. Ultimately, negative workplace experiences lead to disruptions in the formation and maintenance of social networks, which are integral to occupational attainment and success. For example, many trans* people are forced to decide whether to reveal their trans* gender identity or lose prior employment histories that are not congruent with their current gender identity. Others lose opportunities for mentorship and social connections because of assumed interactions between sex category and gender identity and homophily. At each stage of the transition process (pre-transition, during transition, and post-transition), organizations have opportunities to demonstrate proactive inclusion, potentially improving workplace experiences. This chapter reviews current theory, US research and laws related to trans* people’s workplace experiences, and offers recommendations that workplaces can adopt to improve the lives of trans* persons. Some recommendations include adopting a non-discrimination policy that includes gender identity and gender expression, establishing organizational guidelines for transition that are tailored to an individual’s needs, and explicit commitment to non-discriminatory hiring practices.
The antiangiogenic effect of dual-drug loaded polymeric micelles

Purpose: To evaluate the antiangiogenic effect of individual and mixed paclitaxel (PTX) and rapamycin (RAP) micelles in vitro. Methods: RAP or PTX were conjugated to poly (ethyleneglycol)‐block‐poly(aspartate‐hydrazide) to form PEG‐RAP and PEG‐ PTX and characterized by NMR and GPC. Drug conjugates were assembled into individual and mixed micelles. Physically loaded RAP and PTX micelles were also formed. PTX was loaded into PEG2000‐b‐PLA1800 while RAP or PTX: RAP (1:1) was loaded into PEG4000‐b‐PLA2000. Micelle size was characterized by DLS and loading by RP‐HPLC. The antiangiogenic effect of individual and mixed micelles was evaluated in invitro Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) through proliferation, tube formation and migration assays. Results: PEG‐RAP and PEG‐PTX were synthesized and characterized by GPC and NMR with individual and mixed micelle sizes between 40‐100nm. PEG‐RAP and PEG‐PTX individual micelles IC50s were 12 nM and 2 nM respectively. Mixed micelles showed synergistic effect in inhibiting the HUVEC cell proliferation. Individual and mixed micelles inhibited HUVEC tube formation and migration with the mixed micelles showing a synergistic effect. Physically loaded PTX and RAP micelles were sized at 36.5 and 33.6 nm respectively. PTX and RAP individual micelles had IC50s of 6.3 nM and 14,051 nM respectively. A synergistic response was observed with PTX: RAP 1:1 micelles. In vitro tube formation was significantly inhibited with different concentrations of PTX and RAP in micelles in comparison to individual micelles. Conclusions: PTX and RAP together, as drug conjugates or physically loaded micelles, demonstrate synergistic antiangiogenic activity.
Activation of O2 on a Photochemically Generated RhI Site on an Al2O3 Surface: Low-Temperature O2 Dissociation and CO Oxidation

The ultraviolet (3.8-eV) photolysis of atomically dispersed RhI(CO)2 species supported on an Al2O3 surface in the presence of O2 at 174 K has been studied by transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Dioxygen is activated on photochemically generated RhI(CO) sites to produce oxidized rhodium carbonyl species and carbon dioxide. A new infrared band in the C−O stretching region is observed at 2156 cm-1 and assigned to RhIV(CO)(O)2 species. A second C−O infrared band is observed at 2122 cm-1 and is assigned to RhII(CO)O species. The RhIV(CO)(O)2 species is a precursor to CO2 formation. An infrared band at 2344 cm-1 is produced by photochemically generated CO2 species which are then adsorbed on the Al2O3 support. Infrared band assignments are supported by a photochemical O2 activation experiment using doubly isotopically labeled RhI(13C18O)2 species. This work demonstrates a low-temperature route for the oxidation of CO on catalyst sites using ultraviolet light as an energy source.
Abstract 1959: 15-lipoxygenase-1 suppression of colitis-associated colon cancer through inhibition of the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway

The IL-6/STAT3 pathway is a critical signaling pathway for colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). PPAR-delta (PPAR-d), a lipid nuclear receptor, upregulates IL-6. 15-Lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1) is crucial to produce lipid signaling mediators to terminate inflammation. 15-LOX-1 downregulates PPAR-d. 15-LOX-1 effects on IL-6/STAT3 signaling and CAC tumorigenesis are unknown. We here report that intestinally targeted transgenic 15-LOX-1 expression in mice (15-LOX-1-Gut mice) inhibited azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate-induced CAC, IL-6 expression, STAT3 phosphorylation, and IL-6/STAT3 downstream target expression (Notch and MUC1). 15-LOX-1 downregulation was associated with IL-6 upregulation in human colon cancer mucosa. Re-expression of 15-LOX-1 in human colon cancer cells suppressed IL-6 mRNA expression, STAT3 phosphorylation, IL-6 promoter activity, and PPAR-d mRNA and protein expression. PPAR-d overexpression in colonic epithelial cells (PPAR-d-Gut mice) promoted CAC tumorigenesis in mice and increased IL-6 expression and STAT3 phosphorylation, whereas concomitant 15-LOX-1 expression in colonic epithelial cells (15-LOX-1-PPAR-d-Gut mice) suppressed these effects [e.g., tumor number per mouse (mean ± SE) was 4.22 ± 0.68 in wild-type littermates, 6.67 ± 0.83 in PPAR-d-Gut mice (p = 0.026), and 2.25 ± 0.25 in 15-LOX-1-PPAR-d-Gut mice (p = 0.0006)]. Identification of 15-LOX-1 suppression of PPAR-d to inhibit IL-6/STAT3 signaling-driven CAC tumorigenesis provides mechanistic insights that can be utilized to molecularly target CAC. Citation Format: Xiangsheng Zuo, Fei Mao, Min Xu, Weiguo Xu, Rui Tian, Micheline J. Micheline J. Moussalli, Elias Elias, Haiyan S. Li, Stephanie S. Watowich, Imad Shureiqi. 15-lipoxygenase-1 suppression of colitis-associated colon cancer through inhibition of the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1959. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1959
Ciprofloxacin-Induced G2 Arrest and Apoptosis in TK6 Lymphoblastoid Cells Is Not Dependent on Double-Strand Break Formation.

Abstract Drugs indicated for conditions other than tumors have shown promise in the potential treatment of leukemia and lymphoma. The fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CPFX) is known to modulate cycle cell progression and apoptosis in cancer cells and thought to induce DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) via topoisomerase II (topo II) inhibition. DSBs trigger the phosphorylation of histone H2AX on serine 139 (γH2AX) by PI-3-like kinases including ATM; γH2AX can serve as a marker of DNA damage when measured in situ using immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between CPFX-mediated DNA damage and the induction of apoptosis in human lymphoblastoid cells and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated normal lymphocytes using γH2AX and multiparameter flow cytometry. Treatment of TK6 cells (wild-type p53) with 100 mg/ml CPFX for 2–10 hours produced no increase in γH2AX compared to controls; levels were in fact reduced in S phase cells at 6 and 10 hours. Phosphorylated ATM and G2 arrest was also observed in TK6 cells exposed to CPFX for 4 hours. γH2AX was dramatically increased after 24 hours treatment, indicating the onset of apoptosis (confirmed by presence of activated caspase-3). CPFX had a similar lack of effect on γH2AX at early time points in WTK-1 and NH32 lymphoblastoid cells (devoid of functional p53) and proliferating lymphocytes, however, induction of apoptosis was not as pronounced in these cells compared to TK6. The data suggest that, at early time points, CPFX may act a radical scavenger to reduce the level of endogenous oxidant-induced DSBs. However, phosphorylation of ATM (but lack of γH2AX induction) does indicate the presence of a non-DSB DNA modification. At later time points, induction of apoptosis appears to be facilitated by a functional p53 signaling pathway. CPFX may therefore have a potential use as a novel chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of lymphoblast-derived cancer.
Evaluating The Role Of Payment Policy In Driving Vertical Integration In The Oncology Market.

The health care industry has experienced massive consolidation over the past decade. Much of the consolidation has been vertical (with hospitals acquiring physician practices) instead of horizontal (with physician practices or hospitals merging with similar entities). We documented the increase in vertical integration in the market for cancer care in the period 2003–15, finding that the rate of hospital or health system ownership of practices doubled from about 30 percent to about 60 percent. The two most commonly cited explanations for this consolidation are a 2005 Medicare Part B payment reform that dramatically reduced reimbursement for chemotherapy drugs, and the expansion of hospital eligibility for the 340B Drug Discount Program under the Affordable Care Act (ACA). To evaluate the evidence for these explanations, we used difference-in-differences methods to assess whether consolidation increased more in areas with greater exposure to each policy than in areas with less exposure. We found little evid...
Mothers’ Mental Health Treatment Associated with Greater Adolescent Mental Health Service Use for Depression

Despite concerns surrounding depression in adolescence and the existence of effective treatments, adolescent depression often goes untreated. In 2014, only 41.2% of adolescents experiencing a major depressive episode (MDE) received mental health treatment. Parents play a key role in adolescents’ treatment utilization. We examined whether among mothers with any mental illness, mothers’ utilization of mental health treatment was associated with greater likelihood of their adolescent children who experienced an MDE receiving mental health treatment. Using nationally representative data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2008–2014), we performed logistic regression analysis to model the odds of adolescents (aged 12 to 17 years) with a past year MDE receiving any mental health treatment in the past year as a function of their mothers’ mental health treatment utilization in the past year, adjusting for control variables. The rate of adolescent treatment utilization was 66% when mothers had utilized treatment, as compared to 45% when mothers did not utilize treatment (p < 0.001). The odds of an adolescent with an MDE receiving mental health treatment were two times greater when the mother received mental health treatment as compared to adolescents whose mothers did not receive any mental health treatment (OR = 2.09, 95% CI [1.04, 4.17]). There was no effect of adolescent gender (OR = 1.15, 95% CI [0.40, 3.28]) or interaction between gender and mothers’ treatment (OR = 0.95, 95% CI [0.26, 3.46]). Barriers to adolescent mental health treatment may be lower when mothers receive mental health treatment.
Wertschöpfung als Wortschöpfung

Sozial- und sprachwissenschaftliche Disziplinen haben im Laufe der Zeit unterschiedliche Wege der Beschreibung und Erklarung des Sprachgebrauchs in der Organisationskommunikation gefunden. Seit der Jahrtausendwende erweist sich eine diskurspragmatische Perspektive als gemeinsamer Nenner: Wertschopfung als Wortschopfung zu verstehen, ist ihre Pointe (Abschn. 1) Anhand der Modelle aus Organisations- und Managementforschung sowie aus der Linguistik lassen sich wichtige Merkmale eines strategischen Sprachgebrauchs fur den Organisationsdiskurs bestimmen. Neben dem Begriff der Strategie spielt dabei jener des Designs eine wichtige Rolle, der fur die besonderen Bedingungen und Herausforderungen kollektiver kommunikativer Problemlosung steht (Abschn. 2) Diese Modellierungen legen es nahe, den Sprachgebrauch in der strategischen Organisationskommunikation als eine Praxis semiotischer Vernetzung zu definieren, die von einzelnen Diskurshandlungen bis zu diskursiven Formationen reicht und mit spezifischen Methoden empirisch erforscht werden kann, was ein Fallbeispiel illustriert (Abschn. 3)
Introduction: To the Student – First Edition

It is true that there are plenty of mathematical phrases and expressions, but this is because mathematics is the best language to use when we talk about many of these subjects. It is important to be comfortable with the languages of science, and mathematics is one of the most elegant. I have felt free to use mathematical development with many of the subjects, and there is a real biological method to this madness. The really interesting part of biology – and what makes a biologist a biologist – is that our attention is continually drawn past the details of the individual elements of a living system to the way the system acts as a whole.
Supersoft and Hyperelastic Polymer Networks with Brushlike Strands

Using a combination of the scaling analysis and molecular dynamics simulations, we study relationship between mechanical properties of networks of graft polymers and their molecular architecture. The elastic response of such networks can be described by replacing the brushlike strands with wormlike strands characterized by the effective Kuhn length which is controlled by the degree of polymerization of the side chains nsc and their grafting density 1/ng. In the framework of this approach we have established relationships between the network structural shear modulus G, strands extension ratio β, and architectural triplet [nsc, ng, nx], where nx is the degree of polymerization of the backbone strand between cross-links. Analysis of the simulation data shows that G could increase with β (G ∝ β), which reflects the “golden rule” of elastomers: softer materials are more deformable. However, networks of graft polymers can also break this rule and demonstrate an increase of the modulus G with decreasing extensio...
Placental Pathology in Placental Mesenchymal Dysplasia with 13q12.11 Deletion and a 25-Week Gestation Female Infant.

Patient: —Final Diagnosis: Placental mesenchymal dysplasiaSymptoms: Premature rupture of membranesMedication:—Clinical Procedure: AmniocentesisSpecialty: Obstetrics and Gynecology Objective: Congenital defects/diseases Background: Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a rare placental lesion that is associated with high perinatal morbidity and mortality. Grossly, PMD is characterized by placentomegaly with thick and tortuous chorionic vessels and abnormal branching over the chorionic plate. Histologically, enlarged edematous stem villi with dysplastic vessels and cistern formation are seen among normal intermediate and terminal villi. PMD has been previously associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, paternal uniparental disomy 6, trisomies, Klinefelter syndrome, and androgenetic-biparental whole-gene mosaicism. Case Report: We report a case of PMD in the setting of severe fetal growth restriction (FGR) (birth weight, 380 gm), with delivery at 25 weeks 1-day gestation. There was no maternal history of hypertension. The 25-week and 1-day gestation newborn infant died 20 minutes after delivery. Fetal cells obtained at amniocentesis had a 228kb deletion at 13q12.11 involving the gap junction beta-6 (GJB6) gene detected by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray analysis. This finding was not previously reported in the setting of PMD. The histological findings of the placenta also showed some unique features that may have been associated with the specific molecular alteration that included inconspicuous cistern formation, stem villi and cell island complexes, features of shallow implantation, and a uterine pattern of chronic hypoxic placental injury. Conclusions: A case of PMD in a 28-year-old woman with a female infant born at 25 weeks and 1-day gestation was associated with a 13q12.11 deletion in the GJB6 gene and abnormal placental histological features.
Field Application of UAS-Based Bridge Inspection

The use of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs), commonly known as drones, has significantly increased over recent years in the field of civil engineering. In detail, the need for a more efficient altern...
Enabling accurate and cost-effective registration metrology on EUVL masks

As EUV lithography moves towards high-volume manufacturing, standardized commercial EUV masks are becoming available. The overlay requirements for the technology nodes utilizing EUV lithography are very tight, therefore reliable and accurate reticle registration metrology—on target and especially on-device areas—is of great importance. We report investigations using the latest generation LMS IPRO system for reticle pattern placement measurements on EUV masks. High performance metrology is based on excellent optical imaging capabilities and consideration of the reticle optical properties for EUV mask-specific measurement setup. This enables highaccuracy, model-based measurement on the device. The die-to-database algorithm is optimized with respect to the mask pattern properties of EUV masks. Repeatability and accuracy results are presented. The cost effectiveness of LMS IPRO is demonstrated by comparing results of high-performance and high-throughput modes.
Manual Control Communication in Space Teleoperation

Manual control in teleoperation with a multi-dimensional force-reflecting position-control device can be interpreted as a ‘body language’ two-way control communication between operator and remote manipulator. The kinematic and dynamic performance of the operator’s arm and hand play a fundamental role in this control mode since the operator’s manual actions are sending commands to and receiving information from the remote manipulator. An experimental investigation has been undertaken at JPL to study the effect of weightlessness on the operator’s performance in force-reflecting position control of remote manipulators. A gravity compensation system has been developed to simulate the effect of weightlessness on the operator’s arm. In the experiment a universal force-reflecting position hand controller was employed. This device is a backdrivable six-dimensional isotonic joystick which conforms to the range of motion of an operator seated at a console. In the light of possible disturbances of the human arm neuromotor control in a weightless condition, three types of control experiments were performed in a part-simulation of weightless conditions: (i) attainment of a learned final position, (ii) trajectory formation and stability in response to unit pulse disturbance and (iii) force tracking of planes and intersection of planes. The experiments confirmed the existence of disturbance of human manual-control performance caused by the weightless condition. The disturbance, however, can be compensated to a high degree because both elements of the coupled system (human arm and hand controller) are actively adjustable. The adjustments are operator dependent.
Examining switching power: Mark Zuckerberg as a novel networked media mogul

ABSTRACTThis paper explores Mark Zuckerberg's attempts at ‘network switching’ (Arsenault & Castells, 2008a. Switching power: Rupert Murdoch and the global business of media politics: A sociological...
The AO Kick-Off Meeting

With Muller and Schneider as organizers, the group of 13 surgeons gathered for their first meeting on 6 November, 1958, at the Hotel Elite in Bienne. This was convenient for the invitees who all had to attend the morning’s meeting of the Swiss Surgical Society in Berne (Exhibit 7.1).
Effect of Pole Shaping on Cogging Torque, Torque Ripple and Vibrational Performance in Consequent Pole TFM

Cogging torque is a major drawback for Transverse Flux Machines (TFM) since the stator tooth span is approximately equal to a pole span. Hence, cogging reduction by conventional techniques such as skewing is inefficient, and fractional-pitch winding is unavailable. The effect of cogging torque will get carried to the torque ripple content of the three-phase TFM. In this paper, the cogging torque, torque ripple and vibrational performance for a proposed consequent pole TFM are analyzed and an electromagnetic design-based solution for addressing this issue is presented.
How Do You Deal With Uncertainty? Cochlear Implant Users Differ in the Dynamics of Lexical Processing of Noncanonical Inputs.

Objectives Work in normal-hearing (NH) adults suggests that spoken language processing involves coping with ambiguity. Even a clearly spoken word contains brief periods of ambiguity as it unfolds over time, and early portions will not be sufficient to uniquely identify the word. However, beyond this temporary ambiguity, NH listeners must also cope with the loss of information due to reduced forms, dialect, and other factors. A recent study suggests that NH listeners may adapt to increased ambiguity by changing the dynamics of how they commit to candidates at a lexical level. Cochlear implant (CI) users must also frequently deal with highly degraded input, in which there is less information available in the input to recover a target word. The authors asked here whether their frequent experience with this leads to lexical dynamics that are better suited for coping with uncertainty. Design Listeners heard words either correctly pronounced (dog) or mispronounced at onset (gog) or offset (dob). Listeners selected the corresponding picture from a screen containing pictures of the target and three unrelated items. While they did this, fixations to each object were tracked as a measure of the time course of identifying the target. The authors tested 44 postlingually deafened adult CI users in 2 groups (23 used standard electric only configurations, and 21 supplemented the CI with a hearing aid), along with 28 age-matched age-typical hearing (ATH) controls. Results All three groups recognized the target word accurately, though each showed a small decrement for mispronounced forms (larger in both types of CI users). Analysis of fixations showed a close time locking to the timing of the mispronunciation. Onset mispronunciations delayed initial fixations to the target, but fixations to the target showed partial recovery by the end of the trial. Offset mispronunciations showed no effect early, but suppressed looking later. This pattern was attested in all three groups, though both types of CI users were slower and did not commit fully to the target. When the authors quantified the degree of disruption (by the mispronounced forms), they found that both groups of CI users showed less disruption than ATH listeners during the first 900 msec of processing. Finally, an individual differences analysis showed that within the CI users, the dynamics of fixations predicted speech perception outcomes over and above accuracy in this task and that CI users with the more rapid fixation patterns of ATH listeners showed better outcomes. Conclusions Postlingually deafened CI users process speech incrementally (as do ATH listeners), though they commit more slowly and less strongly to a single item than do ATH listeners. This may allow them to cope more flexible with mispronunciations.
Habitation environment suitability and population density patterns in China: A regionalization approach

The stunning disparity in population density between the southeast and northwest in China is highlighted by the “Hu Line,” a famous population demarcation line proposed by Huanyong Hu in 1935. This research seeks to uncover the underlying physical environment factors that shape such a contrast. Specifically, we propose a habitation environment suitability index (HESI) model to integrate topographic factors, climatic suitability, and hydrological condition into one comprehensive index, and then use a GIS‐automated regionalization method termed REDCAP (Regionalization with Dynamically Constrained Agglomerative Clustering and Partitioning) to derive two demarcation lines based on the HESI and population density values, respectively. The two lines that divide China into two regions are largely consistent with each other. The result indicates that the population distribution disparity between the southeast and northwest is largely attributable to the difference in physical environments, and the barrier defined by the Hu Line is here to stay. In addition, the research also explores the (in)consistency between population density and HESI distribution patterns in various regions.
Intravenous Tranexamic Acid Versus Topical Aminocaproic Acid: Which Method Has the Least Blood Loss and Transfusion Rates?

Introduction Since the advent of antifibrinolytics, blood transfusions and their associated complications in total joint arthroplasty have decreased. Few studies have compared different antifibrinolytic types with respect to blood loss and transfusion rates. We sought to compare the blood loss and transfusion rates between epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA), tranexamic acid (TXA), and control. Methods A total of 564 patients underwent primary total hip or total knee arthroplasty at our institution. Patients were divided into 3 groups: 183 EACA, 204 TXA, and 177 control. Patient demographics, hemoglobin, transfusion rates, and blood loss were collected. Results Patient preoperative variables were similar. The control group had a mean estimated blood loss (EBL) of 1.48 L, with 51 units of packed red blood cells (pRBCs) given and 14.7% of patients receiving a blood transfusion. The EACA group had an EBL of 1.33 L, with 20 pRBCs given and 10.9% of patients receiving a transfusion. The TXA group had an EBL of 1.05 L, with 3 pRBCs transfused in 0.98% of patients. Compared with the control group, blood loss (P = 0.0014; P < 0.0001), number of pRBCs given (P = 0.007; P < 0.0001), and number of patients transfused (P = 0.012; P < 0.0001) were significantly lower in the EACA and TXA groups, respectively. TXA had significantly lower blood loss (P < 0.0001), lower number of tranfusions (P = 0.005), and less patients transfused (P = 0.003) compared with EACA. Conclusion Our study reports lower blood loss, transfusion rates, and number of patients needing transfusion with both EACA and TXA in the setting of total joint arthroplasty. When comparing between EACA and TXA, TXA had lower blood loss, transfusion rates, and number of patients requiring transfusion.
The failing heart utilizes 3-hydroxybutyrate as a metabolic stress defense

Evidence has emerged that the failing heart increases utilization of ketone bodies. We sought to determine whether this fuel shift is adaptive. Mice rendered incapable of oxidizing the ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate (3OHB) in the heart exhibited worsened heart failure in response to fasting or a pressure overload/ischemic insult compared with WT controls. Increased delivery of 3OHB ameliorated pathologic cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in mice and in a canine pacing model of progressive heart failure. 3OHB was shown to enhance bioenergetic thermodynamics of isolated mitochondria in the context of limiting levels of fatty acids. These results indicate that the heart utilizes 3OHB as a metabolic stress defense and suggest that strategies aimed at increasing ketone delivery to the heart could prove useful in the treatment of heart failure.
Mathematical modeling informs the impact of changes in circadian rhythms and meal patterns on insulin secretion.

Disruption of circadian rhythms has been associated with metabolic syndromes, including obesity and diabetes. A variety of metabolic activities are under circadian modulation, as local and global c...
Anharmonic Convergence: Tuning Two Dials on Phonons for High zT in p-type PbTe

Thermoelectric materials development is a complex balancing act between electronic and thermal transport properties, which often have opposing optimization strategies. Researchers are always seeking new options for tailoring thermoelectric materials. In this issue of Joule, Pei, Ge, and colleagues unveil a new two-pronged attack for reducing thermal conductivity without perturbing electrical conductivity. This approach, yielding high zT values exceeding 2.5 at 900 K, should inspire similar approaches in other common thermoelectric materials.
Students Interested in Making Money Should Not Skip School

Many students are dropping out of their universities. A few have become billionaires. (The best example of this is Bill Gates.) Where should students go to earn money? The answer is that they should go to a place where they can learn something. Therefore, students interested in making money should go to school. Knowledge can be gained in school; then, money can be earned.
Stronger therapeutic alliance is associated with better quality of life among patients with advanced cancer

OBJECTIVE Patient-oncologist therapeutic alliance is a foundation of quality cancer care, although there is limited research demonstrating its relationship with patient outcomes. We investigated the relationship between therapeutic alliance and patient quality of life with a secondary goal of determining whether the association varied by patients' baseline level of psychological distress. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a randomized clinical trial of 672 patients with advanced cancer participating in a primary palliative care intervention trial. Patients completed baseline self-reported measures of therapeutic alliance (The Human Connection Scale, range: 16-64), overall quality of life (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Palliative Care, range: 0-184), and psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, range: 0-42). First, we determined the relationship between therapeutic alliance and quality of life using multivariable regression adjusting for confounders. We then examined if psychological distress was an effect modifier in this relationship by adding interaction effects of depression and anxiety symptoms on therapeutic alliance into the regression model. RESULTS Patients reported high levels of therapeutic alliance (56.4 ± 7.4) and moderate quality of life (130.3 ± 25.5). Stronger therapeutic alliance was associated with better quality of life after adjusting for other confounding factors (β = 3.7, 95% confidence interval = 2.1, 5.3, p < 0.01). The relationship between therapeutic alliance and quality of life was generally consistent regardless of psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS Collaborative, trusting relationships between patients with advanced cancer and their oncologists are associated with better patient quality of life. Future research should investigate the causal, longitudinal nature of these relationships.