cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hypolipidemic mechanisms of pectin and psyllium in guinea pigs fed high fat–sucrose diets: alterations on hepatic cholesterol metabolism

Studies were conducted to determine whether pectin (PE) or psyllium (PSY) could reverse the high plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations in- duced by high fat (HF) or high sucrose (HS) diets and which are the mechanisms involved. Male guinea pigs were fed either a low fat (LF) or a HF diet with 80% of the carbo- hydrate energy derived from sucrose. Cellulose was used as control. Plasma LDL cholesterol, TAG, apolipoprotein B, and hepatic cholesteryl ester were lower in guinea pigs fed PE and PSY compared to the control group ( P , 0.03). In addition, a 45% higher number of hepatic apoB/E recep- tors was observed by PE and PSY intake. Hepatic ACAT, HMG-CoA reductase, and cholesterol 7 a -hydroxylase (C7H) activities were higher in the HF compared to the LF groups ( P , 0.01). PSY intake with HF resulted in up-regulation of C7H and HMG-CoA reductase activities ( P , 0.05). Addi- tional studies measuring the effects of PE and PSY on low density lipoprotein (LDL) transport and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion were conducted in the HF groups. ApoB secretion was reduced by pectin and psyl- lium ( P , 0.01) intake while LDL fractional catabolic rates were 100% faster in guinea pigs fed PE or PSY. In these studies the extent of the hypolipidemic response was spe- cific to each fiber type and associated with the amount of sucrose. In addition, PSY altered the activity of hepatic en- zymes of cholesterol homeostasis in the HF group. These additional effects of PSY might explain the more dramatic changes in plasma lipid levels associated with PSY consump- tion.— Vergara-Jimenez, M., K. Conde, S. K. Erickson, and M. L. Fernandez. Hypolipidemic mechanisms of pectin and psyllium in guinea pigs fed high fat-sucrose diets: alter- ations on hepatic cholesterol metabolism. J. Lipid Res. 1998. 39: 1455-1465.
The milliped family Trichopetalidae, Part 1: Introduction and Genera Trigenotyla Causey, Nannopetalum n. gen., and Causeyella n. gen. (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida, Cleidogonoidea)

Introductory materials for a revision of the milliped family Trichopetalidae are presented, and the species of three of the five genera are described (Nannopetalum n. gen., Trigenotyla Causey, 1951, Causeyella, n. gen.). Nannopetalum is related to Trichopetalum, and includes three new species from the Appalachian piedmont: N. pattersonorum (Virginia), N. vespertilio (North Carolina), and N. fontis (Alabama). Trigenotyla Causey includes four species: T. parca Causey (Arkansas), T. vaga Causey (Oklahoma), T. blacki n. sp. (Oklahoma), and T. seminole n. sp. (Oklahoma). Causeyella n. gen. is based on Scoterpes dendropus Loomis (Missouri and Arkansas), and also contains two new species: C. causeyae n. sp. (Arkansas) and C. youngsteatorum n. sp. (Arkansas). Causeyella and Trigenotyla are closely related.
Universal multi-scale computations of Fourier integral operators for coherent imaging in caustics

Wave propagation, downward continuation, and imaging of seismic reflection data can be formulated in terms of a certain class of Fourier integral operators (FIOs). We present a procedure for the approximation and discretization of such operators following a multi-scale approach, viewing data through wave packets. Our algorithm is valid for the general class of FIOs associated with canonical graphs, allowing for anisotropy, and the formation of caustics. The key ingredient is the construction of a universal oscillatory integral representation via the introduction of singularity resolving diffeomorphisms, and the associated pseudo-differential partition of unity. As an example, we detail our approach for parametrices of evolution equations. We obtain a one-step algorithm for structured multiscale wave-equation imaging and inverse scattering, time and depth extrapolation, velocity continuation, and extended imaging in general smoothly varying velocity models.
Scaling Up Model-Based Diagnostic and Fault Effects Reasoning for Spacecraft

NASA developed and tested an automated model-based diagnostic and fault effects system and monitored the Orion Exploration Flight Test 1 (EFT-1) data from prelaunch to postlanding. One primary objective was the maturation of fault management technologies that will be required for autonomous operations in missions operating beyond Earth orbit by using a large scale model with actual mission designs and flight data, across a range of environments and system configurations in realistic operational conditions. A second primary objective was to explore and demonstrate methods for cost-effective model development and maintenance, including automated or semi-automated model development and use of models for multiple purposes from design analysis through operations. Both objectives included identification of remaining issues that will need to be resolved in order for programs to successfully adapt and deploy the technology in human-rated space systems. This paper describes the methods used to develop and test the system fault model, techniques to monitor the data and diagnose faults during flight operations, and the key findings based on the results of the demonstration.
Enhancing Research Capacity and Knowledge Development through Social Work Doctoral Education

Doctoral academic developing training disciplines skilled is the researchers in primary the United in conduit nearly States. for all developing skilled researchers in nearly all academic disciplin s in t e United tates. In social work education, doctoral training affords important opportunities for students to identify and study meaningful substantive topics and social problems. Doctoral education is also the context for acquiring advanced methodological and analytical skills necessary to participate in knowledge development activities. Thus, the success of social work doctoral training is measured partially by the capacity of doctoral graduates to plan, propose, and implement research that contributes to the profession's knowledge base.
Abstract 3731: Directing combinatorial therapy of breast cancer using signaling pathway predictors

Heterogeneity in human breast cancers reflects the complexity of cancer, and has been characterized in both histology and gene expression patterns. In addition, heterogeneity is observed in the differential response to therapy. Indeed, the response of molecular-based target therapies, such as Herceptin, in specific populations of patients points out the importance of characterizing heterogeneity prior to therapy. However, only 35-50% of HER2+ patients are responsive to Herceptin and among those, some also developed drug resistance. Taken together, this indicates that combination targeted therapy in conjunction with an accurate diagnosis of they type of breast cancer is critical for development of effective breast cancer treatment. Here we develop a new strategy to develop combination therapies for subtypes of breast cancer. Using bioinformatic methods to analyze gene expression profiles of heterogeneous mammary tumors in MMTV-myc mice, we have developed combinatorial therapeutic treatment plans specific to the cell signaling pathways that have been activated. The activity of the cell signaling pathways was determined through a gene expression analysis coupled with training data for key signaling pathways. Our initial data shows that the individualized therapeutic combinations for certain histological subtypes of Myc tumors are safe for mice. The therapeutic efficacy will be evaluated first in immune-competent wild-type mice bearing with tumors from the heterogeneous MMTV-myc mice. The results will demonstrate a proof of principle in an effective, approach to rationalize breast cancer therapy using a limited number of available drugs after predicting the response to therapy. These results will also be expected to facilitate our understanding in roles of heterogeneity in breast cancer in response to therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3731. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3731
Design and Implementation of a Real-time Switching Communication System for Intelligent Substation

Performance of the communication time delay in the industrial Ethernet can not meet the stringent requirements of intelligent substations. This paper proposes a new real-time switching communication system,which uses packet switching, time division multiplexing, pre-allocation of communication resources and passive optical network technology. The proposed solution can significantly improve the real-time performance of the commnnication system in intelligent substation, and then improve the reliability of the communication network and the manageability of communication resources.
Genetic polymorphism analysis of cytochrome P450 2C19 among gender,age and body mass index in Chinese Han population

AIM:To identify the distribution feature of cytochrome P450 2C19(CYP2C19)gene,and assess the effects of gender,age(18-80 years old)and body weight on genetic polymorphism of CYP2C19 in a Chinese Han population.METHODS:Two hundred and eight-three unrelated,healthy Chinese Han population subjects(126 males and 157 females,aged from 18 to 80)were genotyped for CYP2C19 to identify the wild-type(CYP2C191)gene and two mutations(CYP2C192/CYP2C193)by PCR and DNA sequencing.RESULTS:Six different allelic variants of CYP2C19 gene were observed in this study.42.4%(120 of the 283 subjects)were homozygous for the wild type CYP2C191/1 in total by the genotyping analysis.The frequencies of the CYP2C192 and 3 alleles were 29.2% and 6.7% respectively.14.2%(40 of 283 subjects)were genotypically identified as PMs of CYP2C19.Of 126 genotyped male subjects,the CYP2C192 and 3 allele frequencies were 28.2% and 5.2%.And among the 157 female subjects,the frequencies of the two alleles were 29.9% and 8.0%.The frequencies of CYP2C192 and CYP2C193 alleles in different ages were 29.9% and 6.8%(18 to 45 years old)versus 28.1% and 6.6%(no less than 45 years old).Body mass index(BMI)is an optimal way to examine obesity rather than actual body weight.BMI25 indicates the individual is overweight.The frequencies of the CYP2C192 and 3 alleles were 31.1% and 6.6% in BMI25 group versus 22.7% and 7% in BMI25 group.CONCLUSION:There are no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of CYP2C192 and CYP2C193 among gender(P0.05),age(P0.05)and BMI(P0.05).So gender,age and BMI may have no significant effect on genetic polymorphism of CYP2C19.
The Whole:A Special Complex System

The whole is a special and thorough contact complex system.All parts become a whole due to thorough contact,and one part shows overall characteristics and the holographic.Because of metabolism,absorpting energy from the outside,human body forms a relatively independent complex functional system,Yin Yang and Wu-Xing of TCM is to describe this complex system function.The structural levels of the whole is consistent with the law of the whole,which can help guide the integration of TCM and western medicine.An ideal mathematical model of quantitative research can be created due tothorough contact.
Confronted by an unexpected laboratory result.

As we can see, an inadvertent laboratory test result may lead to a cascade of further tests—possibly resulting in unnecessary morbidity or even (rarely) mortality. Each year, millions of screening tests are ordered in violation of recommended guidelines—because of simple clerical error (as in this case) or unfamiliarity with the recommended guidelines.
Enough to Make You Sick

This case discusses cardiomyopathy and muscle weakness secondary to syrup of ipecac abuse in a bulimic patient receiving general anesthesia.
Head and neck oncologic emergencies

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is the most common malignancy of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT). The UADT is a complex area where functions of breathing and eating take place in a highly vascularized area. Patients can present to the emergency department (ED) with acute airway and bleeding issues. Patients with malignant tumors in the airway are unique and need a plan for alternative methods to control the airway from traditional endotracheal intubation. The surgically altered airway after tracheostomy and laryngectomy also presents unique airways where the physician must be knowledgeable of the anatomy in order for proper acute airway control. Airway control is especially imperative in cases of emergent hemorrhage from tumors. These bleeds can be temporized with packing until definitive management by a head and neck surgeon or intervention neuroradiologist. These patients can develop emergent complications from treatment including fluid collections, dysphagia, and mucositis. In the ED setting, there are common pitfalls that should be avoided at all cost. Misdiagnosing and treating a cystic metastatic cervical lymph node for an abscess can leave the patent at a significant disadvantage with cancer prognosis. There are other signs of possible head and neck malignancy including unilateral otalgia or sinus opacification that should have further investigation before acommon otolaryngologic diagnosis is given.
Peter’s Confidant

In August and September of 1689 the Regent Sofia and her favorite Vasilii Golitsyn were ousted from power after a stand-off in which Muscovy’s major stakeholders (the patriarch and the majority of .he boyars) chose for Peter.1 Peter himself, however, remained reluctant to exert power personally in the years immediately following.2 Together with key boyars, his mother Natal’ia oversaw most of the government’s business, while the tsar continued to prepare himself for the job he already had. After his mother’s death in 1694, however, Peter finally began to act as an autocrat. He did nonetheless often remove himself from his capital, becoming a uniquely peripatetic tsar, and then left surrogates in Moscow to run the government’s operations.
PU.1 Plays a Critical Role in Maintenance of Mature Dendritic Cell Pool

PU.1, a hematopoietic transcription factor, is absolutely required for development of myelo-lymphoid cells from hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). PU.1-deficient mice fail to develop common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) or common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs), resulting in complete loss of dendritic cells (DC) in addition to mature myeloid and lymphoid cells. In this study, by disrupting PU.1 specifically at the mature DC stage, we here show that PU.1 is necessary for maintenance of mature DC pool. By crossing PU.1 floxed/floxed mice with a mouse line harboring the Cre transgene driven by the CD11c-BAC, we disrupted PU.1 at the CD11c+ DC stage. In these mice, development of DC precursors such as Lin−c-KitloFLT3+MCSFR+ DC progenitors, FLT3+ CLP and FLT3+CMP were not affected. The number of CD11c+B220− DCs, however, significantly reduced in all lymphoid tissues including the thymus, the spleen, the lymph node and the skin, down to <30%, <10%, <10% and <5% of DC numbers in control mice, respectively. In contrast, mice possessed normal numbers of granulocytes/monocytes, B cells, and naive, effector or regulatory T cells. These mice have not developed any significant hematological or immune disorders at least until 6 months after birth. These results clearly show that PU.1 is required not only for DC development but also for maintenance of the peripheral DC pool. We are currently trying to elucidate the underlying mechanism for PU.1 to maintain mature DC numbers in peripheral organs.
University Social Responsibility as Civic Learning: Outcomes Assessment and Community Partnership

This chapter addresses the challenges and opportunities regarding student civic learning frameworks, outcomes, and assessment tools in the context of university civic renewal, engagement, and partnership. Recently, a wide variety of conceptualizations of civic learning and corresponding student learning outcomes and assessments have been created, offering colleges and universities both the challenge and opportunity of choosing from a plethora of avenues through which to actualize student civic learning as part of their civic missions. Largely missing from this advance is the pedagogy of teaching and realizing authentic, mutually beneficial community partnership as essential for civic learning, and then assessing the outcomes of such pedagogy. An exploration of civic learning frameworks and a case study of Washington University in St. Louis bring into conversation a partnership-focused strategy for civic renewal with other civic engagement literature within the diverse landscape of student civic learning assessment. Grounding the ongoing development of civic learning frameworks and outcomes in the practice of partnership provides the opportunity to build the capacity of students to engage intentionally in the forms of partnership that can transform civic life.
Losing hope for change: socially just and disability studies in education educators’ choice to leave public schools

This paper highlights one key finding from a larger study where researchers utilised in-depth phenomenological interviews to explore the experiences and perspectives of public school teachers who e...
Long term Mortality in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (P6.414)

Objective: To assess the long term outcomes of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Background: Pre-aquaporin-4 IgG studies have reported a five year survival rate of 68% and median survival of 17.5 years (y). More contemporary studies report mortality rate of approximately 25% in those with disease duration of less than 10 years. African American race has been associated with greater mortality. Design/Methods: Retrospective study of patients evaluated at Mayo Clinic with onset prior to October, 2006. Results: 143 patients were identified; 22 (15%) were deceased, 4 men and 18 women; the median age of death was 58.5y (41–94). A comparison of deceased versus living patients in this study revealed the following: median follow up was 3y (range 0–8) versus 6y (0–21); median disease duration was 11y (3–28) versus 16y (9–49); median age of onset was 43y (30–83) versus 39y (21–71); median number of relapses was 6 (2–22) versus 5 (5–19); median last known Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score was 7.5y (4–8) versus 4 (0–8); 21 (95%) received immunotherapy for NMOSD versus 113 (93%); median time to initiation of treatment was 4y (0–21) in those deceased and 5y (0–39) in those living. Among the deceased patients, 16 (73%) were Caucasian, 4 (18%) African American and 2 (9%) of unknown ethnicity, whereas among living patients 72 (60%) Caucasian, 14 (12%) African American, 11 (9%) Hispanic, 8 (3%) Asian, 4 (2%) Native American, 2 (2%) Middle Eastern and 9 (7%) of unknown ethnicity. Conclusions: Patients in this study experienced a lower mortality rate than reported in previous studies. EDSS was identified as a risk factor for mortality. Disclosure: Dr. Marin Collazo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Weinshenker has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Novartis, Alexion, MedImmune, Caladrius Biosciences, Brainstorm Therapeutics. Dr. Nasr has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lopez has nothing to disclose.
Fifth generation computer crime law

As the "shock absorber" of social change, criminal law will serve to deal with the most troublesome- results of the progress inarticial intelligence and expert systems research and applications. Wo will have to redefine crimes against the person/ property, public morality, and the public order. To do this will require considerable change in our standard.3 of culpability, computer performance, and the functions of punishment.
Developing Imagination, Creativity, and Literacy through Collaborative Storymaking: A Way of Knowing.

Early in her life, Nancy King discovered that stories are rich sources of wisdom, imagination, creativity, and comfort. In this essay, King describes her personal experiences developing and using the collaborative storymaking process with young people and adults in various school settings. The author states that collaborative storymaking establishes opportunities for students to create stories from stories, using imagemaking and abstract prompts. She maintains that the iterative process expands and improves students' oral and written expression. King invites other educators to include collaborative storymaking in their instructional repertoire to stimulate their own and their students' reading, writing, and speaking skills, and to foster a supportive learning community.
Fruit Farming and Tribal Autonomy in Oklahoma's Green Country: A Native American Business Model

An exploration of a Native American business model used by the Cherokee and Muscogee (Creek) Indian tribes. Key words: Economic development, Native American economy
Perceived pollution and inbound tourism for Shanghai: a panel VAR approach

Although there exists sizeable literature studying the impact of tourists’ risk perceptions, less attention has been devoted to studying the difference between the impact of measured and perceived ...
Skin Perfusion Pressure and Wound Closure Time in Lower Extremity Wounds.

Abstract Introduction Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) affects approximately 8 million patients in the United States. We investigate the relationship of Skin Perfusion Pressure (SPP) and wound closure time in lower extremity wounds. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of 1125 lower extremity wounds in 998 patients between June 2006 and October 2014 in our wound clinic. We analyzed the relationship between SPPand wound closure time. SPP was measured using a Laser Doppler instrument. Results Patients with SPP values over 30 mmHg had shorter wound closure times, while patients with SPP values below 30 mmHg had a significantly longer wound closure time. Diabetic patients took longer to achieve wound closure compared to non-diabetics. No significant relationship was observed between SPP and wound closure time in relation to age or gender. Conclusion SPP is a useful tool in estimating time to wound closure and assessing the necessity of vascular interventions in lower extremity wounds.
Delayed Removal of Clavicular Hook Plates; The Effect on Complications and Functional Outcome

This study aimed to determine whether leaving a clavicular hook plate in-situ for longer than six months is associated with a greater complication rate and reduced function compared to when removed within six months as recommended by manufacturer. Patients treated with a hook plate at our institute between January 2005 and October 2015 were categorised into two groups: removed within six months (group A); removed after six months (group B). Complications, ASES and SST score were compared between the groups. Fifty-two patients were identified with 30 patients in group A and 22 patients in group B. There was no significant difference between the groups in the outcome measures obtained from ASES or SST (p = 0.52; p = 0.33) or the complication rate (p = 0.83). Our study suggests that there is no difference between shoulder function and complication rate when the hook plate was removed after six months compared to when removed within six months.
Occupational safety and visual communication: User-centred design of safety training material for migrant farmworkers in Italy

Abstract Visual communication allows the transmission of ideas and information more easily than written communication. Therefore, visual communication is used in different sectors (education, health, machinery, marketing, politics, environmental studies, musicology, science) to overcome language barriers and to effectively convey useful information. Nevertheless, the use of visual material to improve the comprehensibility of safety training in the workplace has been under-investigated, which is particularly true in the agricultural sector, despite its hazardousness and the high number of migrant farmworkers who might benefit from training provided by means of visual communication due to their often scarce knowledge of the local language. Combining graphic composition rules with a user-centred design (UCD) approach, this study aimed to develop visual safety training material based on migrant farmworkers’ needs to increase migrant trainees’ satisfaction in the training process. Focus groups were conducted with both trainers and migrant farmworkers to identify critical issues in existing safety training material and to discuss and evaluate different prototypes of the visual material developed by the authors. Significantly higher satisfaction was reported by migrants trained with the new material compared to a control group in a final training session (U = 152.50, z = −2.165, p = 0.030). Implications for the improvement of safety training for migrant farmworkers are discussed.
Getting key players to work together and defending against diversion--Oregon.

OVERVIEW. In this report, the author, Executive Vice President of the American Cancer Society in Oregon, reviews the key factors in the crafting of the coalition leading to passage of a tobacco tax in Oregon. Mr. North also emphasizes the importance of institutionalizing the coalition after passage to provide the required leadership for future efforts.
Toward a comprehensive explanatory model of reliance on alternatives to the tap: evidence from California's retail water stores

Building on a recent increase in scholarly attention to the problem of tap water mistrust and resulting negative health impacts, we examine the relationship between neighborhood reliance on tap water alternatives and a range of explanatory factors. We model retail water store locations as a proxy for reliance on tap water alternatives in urbanized neighborhoods across California. Our study is unique in its inclusion of variables representing both compliance with primary and secondary water quality standards by publicly regulated drinking water systems serving particular neighborhoods, other water system attributes and the socioeconomic characteristics of neighborhoods. The location of retail water stores in urbanized neighborhoods does not appear strongly related to observed measures of water quality. Secondary contamination shows a weak relationship to tap alternative reliance, and primary contamination was not correlated with higher levels of tap alternative reliance. On the other hand, our research suggests that other socioeconomic factors, particularly country of birth, are associated with the prevalence of more water stores. Increasing reliance on tap water likely requires measuring and addressing secondary contamination found in distributional systems and premise plumbing, and more aggressive public education campaigns.
An Adaptive Non-Blocking GVT Algorithm

In optimistic Parallel Discrete Event Simulations (PDES), the Global Virtual Time (GVT) computation is an important aspect of performance. It must be performed frequently enough to ensure simulation progress and free memory, while still incurring minimal overhead. Many algorithms have been studied for computing the GVT efficiently under a variety of simulation conditions for a variety of models. In this paper we propose a new GVT algorithm which aims to do two things. First, it incurs a very low overhead on the simulation by not requiring the simulation to block execution. Secondly, and most importantly, it has the ability to adapt to simulation conditions while it's running. This allows it to perform well for a variety of models, and helps remove some burden from developers by not requiring intensive tuning.
Random plasma glucose predicts the diagnosis of diabetes.

Aims/Hypothesis Early recognition of those at high risk for diabetes as well as diabetes itself can permit preventive management, but many Americans with diabetes are undiagnosed. We sought to determine whether routinely available outpatient random plasma glucose (RPG) would be useful to facilitate the diagnosis of diabetes. Methods Retrospective cohort study of 942,446 U.S. Veterans without diagnosed diabetes, ≥3 RPG in a baseline year, and ≥1 primary care visit/year during 5-year follow-up. The primary outcome was incident diabetes (defined by diagnostic codes and outpatient prescription of a diabetes drug). Results Over 5 years, 94,599 were diagnosed with diabetes [DIAB] while 847,847 were not [NONDIAB]. Baseline demographics of DIAB and NONDIAB were clinically similar, except DIAB had higher BMI (32 vs. 28 kg/m2) and RPG (150 vs. 107 mg/dl), and were more likely to have Black race (18% vs. 15%), all p<0.001. ROC area for prediction of DIAB diagnosis within 1 year by demographic factors was 0.701, and 0.708 with addition of SBP, non-HDL cholesterol, and smoking. These were significantly less than that for prediction by baseline RPG alone (≥2 RPGs at/above a given level, ROC 0.878, p<0.001), which improved slightly when other factors were added (ROC 0.900, p<0.001). Having ≥2 RPGs ≥115 mg/dl had specificity 77% and sensitivity 87%, and ≥2 RPGs ≥130 mg/dl had specificity 93% and sensitivity 59%. For predicting diagnosis within 3 and 5 years by RPG alone, ROC was reduced but remained substantial (ROC 0.839 and 0.803, respectively). Conclusions RPG levels below the diabetes “diagnostic” range (≥200 mg/dl) provide good discrimination for follow-up diagnosis. Use of such levels–obtained opportunistically, during outpatient visits–could signal the need for further testing, allow preventive intervention in high risk individuals before onset of disease, and lead to earlier identification of diabetes.
Modeling of PDC single cutter – Poroelastic effects in rock cutting process

Abstract When cutting a saturated rock under pressure, the PDC cutter is not only fragmenting the rock matrix, but also driving the pore fluid ahead of it. Because of the solid-fluid coupling in rock, different pore pressures induced by cutter will affect rock failure and lead to different MSE. The fact that cutting process is influenced by the pore pressure response in the rock is referred to as poroelastic effects in this paper. This paper continues the research in our previous work (Chen et al., 2018) and gives more insights into the poroelastic effects during rock cutting process. The influences of rock diffusivity coefficient and cutter speed are studied. The results show that the two parameters will affect pore pressure response in rock and further affect rock failure and MSE during cutting process. Based on the results, the cutting process can be identified as three conditions: undrained, drained and a transition zone between undrained and drained condition. In undrained and drained condition, MSE will be independent of cutter speed; while in transition condition, MSE decreases with increasing cutter speed. The transition boundaries for the three conditions are given. Cavitation in intact rock during cutting process is also studied. The results show that cavitation is easy to occur when cutting a hard rock with low original pore pressure. Cutting tests were conducted on Torrey Buff sandstone and Carthage marble to verify the poroelastic effects in cutting process. A good agreement between the model results and experiments is found. In general, the results in this paper can give a good understanding on the combined influence of formation permeability, depth of cut and RPM on cutting rock during drilling.
Prolonged Duration Topical Corneal Anesthesia With the Cationic Lidocaine Derivative QX-314.

Purpose Topical corneal local anesthetics are short acting and may impair corneal healing. In this study we compared corneal anesthesia and toxicity of topically applied N-ethyl lidocaine (QX-314) versus the conventional local anesthetic, proparacaine (PPC). Methods Various concentrations of QX-314 and 15 mM (0.5%) PPC were topically applied to rat corneas. Corneal anesthesia was assessed with a Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer at predetermined time points. PC12 cells were exposed to the same solutions to assess cytotoxicity. Repeated topical corneal administration in rats was then used to assess for histologic evidence of toxicity. Finally, we created uniform corneal epithelial defects in rats and assessed the effect of repeated administration of these compounds on the defect healing rate. Results QX-314 (15 mM) and PPC (15 mM) caused similar total duration (114 ± 17 and 87 ± 16 minutes, respectively; P = 0.06) of anesthesia. The depth of anesthesia was similar between these low-dose groups at 15 minutes after application (1.8 ± 0.3- and 2.0 ± 0.8-cm filament lengths). QX-314 (100 mM) provided more prolonged corneal anesthesia (174 ± 13 minutes; P < 0.0001), with improved depth at 15 minutes (0.7 ± 0.3-cm filament length; P = 0.007). All tested concentrations of QX-314 demonstrated similar or less toxicity than 0.5% PPC. Conclusions Topical administration of QX-314 is effective for corneal anesthesia and demonstrates no histologic signs of local toxicity in a rodent model. In higher concentrations, QX-314 provides more than twofold the duration of anesthetic effect than does 0.5% PPC. Translational Relevance Our study reveals a clinically relevant compound providing prolonged duration topical corneal anesthesia.
Law of War Precautions: A Cautionary Note

While the humanitarian benefits of precautions undertaken to protect civilians during attacks are readily apparent, the operational and legal costs of precautions in the attack are less acknowledged. This paper traces the nearly simultaneous growth of modern military information technology and law-of-war precautions. It showcases an array of benefits and costs of advances in military information technology and highlights under appreciated but persistent obstacles to situational awareness and decision making in military operations. It then traces the development by States, and the expansion and refinement by private commentators, of an international legal obligation to take humanitarian precautions in attacks. Finally, it identifies operational costs associated with precautions as free-standing international legal obligations. This paper advises, in light of enforcement competencies and informational realities, that States reexamine precautions and temper public expectations concerning States’ willingness and ability to undertake humanitarian precautions as they consider future development of the international law of war.
Gender-Based Salary Inequities Among Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine Physicians in the United States.

Abstract Objective To assess whether gender inequities exist for pediatric physiatrists and, if affirmative, what factors account for this difference. Design Cohort study. Setting Online REDCap survey administered via e-mail. Participants Pediatric physiatrists practicing in the United States in 2017. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Respondents reported on their gender, training, practice type and location, leadership positions, years in practice and years at their current location, salary, research, and clinical productivity. Results Of the 307 surveys sent, 235 individuals responded, yielding a response rate of 76.5%. Pediatric physiatrists who identified as women were more likely to work part-time but were demographically similar to their colleagues who identified as men. The odds of having no leadership role were higher for women (odds ratio=2.17; P=.02) than men. Pediatric physiatrists who identified as men made on average (in US dollars ± SD) 244,798±52,906 annually compared with those who identified as women 224,497±60,756. The average annual difference in full-time salary was $20,311 in favor of those who identified as men (95% confidence interval, $3135-$37,486). The set of predictors in the multivariable model explained about 40% of the total variability in annual full-time salary (R2=0.389; adjusted R2=0.339; F15,197=7.734; P Conclusions Despite representing a majority of the field, pediatric physiatrists who identified as women were paid less than their counterparts who identified as men. The traditional predictors associated with the salaries of men were not enough to explain salary variation among those who identified as women, thereby providing evidence of the importance of intangible and unmeasured aspects of a women’s career, such as bias and institutional culture.
Transcriptional regulation of MYC through G-quadruplex structures

Abstract The MYC gene codes for the expression of MYC (also known as c-Myc), a transcription factor that regulates the expression of diverse genes and is important for global transcriptional regulation. The deregulated expression of MYC has been observed in many cancers and is strongly associated with tumorigenesis. Although numerous strategies have been developed to target the MYC protein, it is considered “undruggable,” and there remains no drug for MYC-driven cancers. The expression of MYC is complex and tightly regulated at the transcriptional level. In this chapter, we describe efforts to understand and control one important transcriptional regulatory mechanism for MYC expression. This mechanism involves the formation of a non-B-DNA structure known as a G-Quadruplex (GQ) within the CT element (also known as the NHE III1 region) of the MYC promoter. We detail putative mechanisms by which GQ formation influences MYC transcription as well as recent examples of small molecules that target GQ structures to control MYC expression.
Asymptotics for metamaterial cavities and their effect on scattering

It is well-known that optical cavities can exhibit localized phenomena responsible for numerical instabilities in approximating scattering problems. In classic optical cavities, those localized phenomena concentrate at the inner boundary of the cavity and are called whispering gallery modes. In this paper we consider cavities made of Negative-Index Metamaterials (NIM). Those manufactured materials can exhibit unusual optical properties, leading to the appearance of exotic waves at the interface of metamaterial-dielectric interface, such as surface plasmons. There is a great interest in controlling and guiding surface plasmons to design the next-generation of nano-antennas, sensors, and others. Surface plasmons have been usually characterized in the context of the specific quasi-static case. Using asymptotic analysis, we provide a systematic mathematical characterization of emerging surface plasmons for general metamaterial cavities for the full wave problem, and answer the following questions: can surface plasmons be always excited in scattering problems? Can they create numerical instabilities? Our asymptotic analysis reveals that the nature of surface plasmons changes depending on the metamaterial's properties, leading to different effects on scattering problems. Numerical results for several metamaterial cavities are provided.
Centralizing Server and Workstation Provisioning, Configuration, and Management with Foreman and Puppet.

As a lone system administrator, efficiency is key. As our Computer Science and Digital Forensics programs grew, and student enrollment continued to increase, one thing became clear: I needed a better way to control the provision / configure / management lifecycle of our servers and workstations. This paper will chronicle the journey from several disparate systems to a single console capable of managing the entire lifecycle of both servers and workstations. From Zero-touch provisioning of bare metal and virtual machines, to ensuring up-to-date configurations, as well as software deployment across both Windows and Linux systems alike.
A dislocation density based elasto-plastic self-consistent model for the prediction of cyclic deformation: Application to AA6022-T4

Abstract We develop a polycrystal plasticity constitutive law based on the elasto-plastic self-consistent (EPSC) theory for the prediction of cyclic tension-compression deformation. The crystallography based model integrates a dislocation based hardening model and accounts for inter-granular stresses and slip system level backstresses, which make it capable of capturing non-linear unloading and the Bauschinger effect (BE). Furthermore, the model features dissolution of dislocation population upon the load reversal, which enables it to predict the change in hardening rate during reverse loading from that during forward loading. To demonstrate these capabilities of the model, we investigate elasto–plastic behavior of AA6022-T4 sheets under in-plane cyclic tension–compression. From a set of carefully performed cyclic tests to several strain levels, we observe that the material exhibits (1) a typical decreasing hardening rate during forward loading, (2) a linear followed by non-linear unloading upon the load reversal, (3) a transient softening followed by rapid work hardening (the BE), and (4) a decrease in subsequent hardening rate during reverse loading (the permanent softening phenomenon). To predict these effects, we calibrate the model to establish a set of material parameters using a portion of the measured data. The remaining measured data is used for verification of the model. We show that using the single set of material parameters, the developed model is capable of predicting all the particularities pertaining to the cyclic deformation of the material with great accuracy. From the favorable comparison of the predictions and experimental data, we infer first that the non-linearity of unloading increases with the amount of pre-strain, next that the backstresses have a dominant effect in capturing non-linear unloading while both the backstresses and inter-granular stresses govern the BE, and finally that the inclusion of reversible dislocation motion is the key for capturing hardening rates during reverse loading.
Children's Understanding of Parental Violence

This paper describes domestic violence from the perspective of 56 preschool and school-age children during their temporary residence at a shelter for battered women. Data were extracted from transcripts of individual counseling sessions that explored the childrens' feelings about the abuse and the abuser, their strategies for coping with aggression and conflict in their families, and their understanding and feelings about their need for shelter placement. Content analysis of session data revealed that the children viewed the violence as unambiguously negative, although ambivalence about the abuser was sometimes expressed. Coping strategies varied and tended to be focused on emotional disengagement. Most children were able to articulate causal links between episodes of parental violence and need for shelter placement. Feelings about the shelter were generally positive and centered around themes of personal safety and comfort. Family reunion was frequently expressed as a desired outcome. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Nutrient media for plant parasitic nematodes. 3. Carbohydrate investigations on Aphelenchoides sp.

Abstract Total carbohydrates of Aphelenchoides sp., harvested from 10-week-old cultures, ranged from 2.54 to 4.38% with a mean of 3.20% dry weight. Approximately 86% was glycogen. The presence of free sugars, trehalose and mannose, were determined by thin-layer chromatography. Mannose was synthesized by the nematodes while trehalose was obtained during feeding from the fungal host. In vitro utilization studies of sugars showed that the highest numbers of nematodes were recovered when glucose and raffinose were used to supply carbohydrate in a modified M-6 medium. This species of nematode utilized trehalose, ribose, mannose, and sucrose as an energy source. The highest percentage of adult females were recovered from medium containing glucose and ribose. More worms reached maturity in media containing glucose. In M-6 medium, second-stage larvae matured into young adults without the capacity to reproduce. Adult females placed in M-6 and M-6 without carbohydrates showed no difference in egg production, but those eggs in the medium containing carbohydrates had a higher percentage of hatch. Trehalose enhanced the development and hatching of eggs while glucose was essential for the growth and development of the larvae and the adults.
Variation in the Primary Structure of Bacillus subtilis Flagellins

The flagella derived from 18 strains Bacillus subtilis were tested for their reaction with antiflagellar filament antibody and antiflagellin antibody. On the basis of their reactivity, at least five serologically distinct classes could be identified. Peptide map analysis of tryptic digests of the subunit proteins were consistent with the immunochemical analysis. Large differences in sequence existed among proteins of the different classes; proteins within an antigenic group differed by only a few peptides. Furthermore, 9 of the 27 tryptic peptides resolved were common to flagellin proteins from all the classes examined. The relationship between antigenic specificity, variability in peptide pattern, and the conformation of the flagellin protein are discussed.
The National Polyp Study. Patient and polyp characteristics associated with high-grade dysplasia in colorectal adenomas.

Abstract The National Polyp Study (NPS), a randomized clinical trial to evaluate effective surveillance of patients discovered to have one or more colorectal adenomas, was the framework for this statistical analysis which used a multiple logistic model to assess the independent risk factors of patient and polyp characteristics associated with high-grade dysplasia in adenomas. The database included 3371 adenomas from 1867 patients. Adenoma size and the extent of the villous component were found to be the major independent polyp risk factors associated with high-grade dysplasia (p
Beyond the Constituent Quark Model

Abstract Modern experiment requires a reliable theoretical framework for low energyQCD. Some of the requirements for constructing a new model of QCD arepresented here. Progress toward these requirements are highlighted.I. INTRODUCTION The constituent quark model has a long and distinguished history of service to hadronicphysics [1]. However, its utility is restricted to quark-number conserving hadronic processes– it has nothing to say about channel coupling, or about gluonic physics in general. Andits connection to QCD is tenuous at best. Indeed, it is clear that present day experimentis outstripping theory and that new reliable and tractable continuum models of QCD arerequired to interpret and guide the new generation of hadronic experiments.For example, it is very likely that resonant structure is seen in the exotic J PC = 1 −+ channel at 1600 MeV; and something is seen at 1400 MeV at BNL, CERN, and VES.Proving that these states are mesonic hybrids will require a substantial improvement in ourunderstanding of the dynamics of soft glue, both in terms of the structure of the putativeresonance and in terms of its coupling to ‘canonical’ mesons. Similarly, it is tempting tointerpret the extensive Crystal Barrel data on the f
Renewable, Time-Responsive DNA Logic Gates for Scalable Digital Circuits

In this article, we introduce a design of DNA logic gates based on enzymatic restriction of DNA strands. We present a construction for a set of one and two-input logic gates and argue that our construction can be generalized to implement any Boolean operation. A key feature of our design is its time-responsiveness, in the presence of appropriate fuels these gates can operate continuously and generate a time-dependent output in response to a time-dependant input. They can be interconnected to form digital circuits. Moreover, modulo connectivity information, the strand design and circuit design phases are decoupled.