cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Engineering project organization: defining a line of inquiry and a path forward

The formalization of a line of inquiry requires three elements: a foundational definition, an operational context and a path forward to guide researchers within the domain. In this initial Pathfinding paper, these elements are addressed for the engineering project organization line of inquiry. The field of engineering project organization research is put forth as a distinct pursuit within the overall field of organization research. In this distinct domain, engineering, social science, business and public policy are integrated as foundational pillars within the context of infrastructure development and the requirement to meet multiple levels of stakeholder requirements. The paper puts forth the argument that traditional perspectives of project-based organizations and project management are no longer sufficient to address the challenges of an evolving global economy, focus on environmental concerns and multi-cultural projects. Rather, it is necessary to forge a new path that embraces interdisciplinary persp...
Spatial Variation of Stratospheric Aerosol Acidity and Model Refractive Index: Implications of Recent Results

Recent experimental results indicate that little or no solid ammonium sulfate is present in background stratospheric aerosols. Other results allow straightforward calculation of sulfuric acid/water droplet properties (acidity, specific gravity, refractive index) as functions of stratospheric temperature and humidity. These results are combined with a variety of latitudinal and seasonal temperature and humidity profiles to obtain corresponding profiles of droplet properties. These profiles are used to update a previous model of stratospheric aerosol refractive index. The new model retains the simplifying approximation of vertically constant refractive index in the inner stratosphere, but has sulfuric acid/water refractive index values that significantly exceed the previously used room temperature values. Mean conversion ratios (e.g., extinction-to-number, backscatter-to-volume) obtained using Mie scattering calculations with the new refractive indices are very similar to those obtained for the old indices, because the effects of deleting ammonium sulfate and increasing acid indices tend to cancel each other.
Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling of the Retinoblastoma Tumor Suppressor Protein via Cdk Phosphorylation-dependent Nuclear Export

The retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor protein is a negative regulator of cell proliferation that is functionally inactivated in the majority of human tumors. Elevated Cdk activity via RB pathway mutations is observed in virtually every human cancer. Thus, Cdk inhibitors have tremendous promise as anticancer agents although detailed mechanistic knowledge of their effects on RB function is needed to harness their full potential. Here, we illustrate a novel function for Cdks in regulating the subcellular localization of RB. We present evidence of significant cytoplasmic mislocalization of ordinarily nuclear RB in cells harboring Cdk4 mutations. Our findings uncover a novel mechanism to circumvent RB-mediated growth suppression by altered nucleocytoplasmic trafficking via the Exportin1 pathway. Cytoplasmically mislocalized RB could be efficiently confined to the nucleus by inhibiting the Exportin1 pathway, reducing Cdk activity, or mutating the Cdk-dependent phosphorylation sites in RB that result in loss of RB-Exportin1 association. Thus RB-mediated tumor suppression can be subverted by phosphorylation-dependent enhancement of nuclear export. These results support the notion that tumor cells can modulate the protein transport machinery thereby making the protein transport process a viable therapeutic target.
Hypobaric storage removes scald-related volatiles during the low temperature induction of superficial scald of apples

Abstract ‘Law Rome’ and ‘Granny Smith’ apples were stored hypobarically in air at 5 kPa total pressure and also in air or controlled atmosphere (CA) at 1.5 or 3% O2 with 0 or 3% CO2, for 8 months at 1°C. Fruit were placed under hypobaric storage immediately after harvest or after 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 months storage in air at 1°C to determine the effects of delaying imposition of hypobaric storage on ripening and scald development and on the production of α-farnesene and its oxidation product 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (MHO). If fruit were placed under hypobaric conditions within 1 month after harvest, scald did not develop. After a 3-month delay, scald development was similar to that for fruit stored continuously in air. Both cvs. produced MHO which accumulated in their epicuticular wax when fruit were placed under hypobaric storage after a 1-month or more delay in air. MHO which had partitioned in the epicuticular wax of fruit stored hypobarically after 2 or more months delay was released upon transfer of fruit to atmospheric pressure of 20°C; MHO accumulated and/or was produced in direct proportion to the delay prior to hypobaric storage. In another experiment with five apple cvs., the production rates of α-farnesene and MHO were low during hypobaric storage, but upon removal of fruit from storage after 7 months, the rates increased over a 7 day period in air at 20°C and then sharply decreased afterward. After storage, α-farnesene and MHO production rates were similar and high for ‘Law Rome’, ‘Mutsu’, ‘Red Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apples and were the lowest for ‘Granny Smith’. Scald did not develop on any hypobarically stored fruit whereas it did on all cvs. except ‘Golden Delicious’ stored in air. It was proposed that hypobaric ventilation removes a scald-related volatile substance that otherwise accumulates and partitions into the epicuticular wax of fruit stored in air at atmospheric pressure.
Preferential growth of neurites from isolated fetal mouse dorsal root ganglia in relation to specific regions of co-cultured spinal cord explants.

Abstract Clusters of dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) from 13- to 14-day fetal mice were co-cultured with specific fragments of deafferented spinal cord (0.5-1 mm apart) on collagen-coated coverslips in Maximow slide chambers. Nerve growth factor (NGF) was added to the culture medium (1000 biological units/ml, at explantation) to ensure optimal survival and growth of a large fraction of the fetal DRG neurons. Sequential microscopic observations of the living cultures and cytologic studies after silver impregnation demonstrate that many neurites from isolated DRGs can invade dorsal (DC) regions of co-cultured spinal cord explants, whereas they are deflected from ventral cord (VC) tissue and its neuritic-glial outgrowth. Furthermore, some DRG neurites may become redirected towards distant DC target explants even after long circuitous detours around proximally arrayed VC explants. DRG neurites also show remarkably sharp projections to DC tissue and more complete avoidance of adjacent VC tissue when the DRG neurites approach a suitably arranged DC-VC-DC interface, e.g. forming de novo ·dorsal roots’ at the end of a longitudinal strip of whole spinal cord. These experiments suggest that DC-VC boundaries may be particularly effective in guiding DRG neurites to specific regions of the CNS. The present studies of co-cultured fetal mouse DRG and spinal cord explants provide the first demonstration of preferential neuritic growth in vitro in relation to specific CNS target tissues.
A connectionist type model of self-organized foraging and emergent behavior in ant swarms*

A model of how the local scent laying and scent following of individual ants leads to collective decision making in groups of ants is studied. We confine ourselves here to ants whose motion is restricted to a set of n paths, or one-dimensional segments, connected in an arbitrary way to other segments forming a network. These networks are analogous to some recent laboratory experiments with ants. A microscopic approach is used, where the behavior of the individual ants is completely described by a local choice function based on their observed local behavior. This function gives the allowed transition probabilities to go from a given segment to a final segment in terms of the scents on these final segments. The ants are shown to be analogous to particles with n energy states in equilibrium with a heat bath of a given temperature. The energies of these states evolve according to a set of non-linear differential equations. The various self-organizing and emergent behaviors of groups of ants can then be viewed as instabilities in the dynamics of these equations. The simplest cases where the ants collectively choose between routes of equal and unequal length, and between food sources of varying quality, are examined in detail, and comparisons made with the experimental results ( Pasteels et al. , 1987 a ; Deneubourg et al. , 1990 ; Goss et al. , 1990 ). Such ant networks are connectionist type models whose architecture and dynamics parallel those of many interesting systems such as neural networks, autocatalytic chemical reactions ( Farmer et al. , 1986 b ), classifier systems, and immune networks ( Farmer, 1990) .
Fungal degradation of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene and nitroglycerin in batch and fixed-film bioreactors

Abstract Energetic materials, which are the main components of propellants and other explosive mixtures, are characterized as hazardous and must be disposed in an environmentally sound way. Microbially mediated destruction of energetic chemicals shows great promise for converting these substances to innocuous products. A number of fungal species namely Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Penicillium corylophilum, Aspergelus fumigatus, and Geotricum candidum have the ability to attack energetic materials and completely mineralize them into carbon dioxide and water. This paper presents results on the biodegradation of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene and nitroglycerin by P. chrysosporium in completely mixed batch reactors and in continuous flow immobilized bed systems. The fungus was able to degrade both compounds and the observed intermediates in the presence of a co-substrate.
Expert systems for space station automation

There will be a permanently manned, fully operational space station by the mid-1990s. Automation of the station will increase space station autonomy and utilize the crew more effectively. Artificial intelligence technology (robotics, image perception, expert systems, and planning systems) will play an important role. This paper describes expert systems and indicates the use of these systems in space station automation. We first discuss the nature of expert systems, typical applications, and limitations. The role of expert systems in space station automation is then indicated, and the necessary research and development is described.
Chemical characterization of the defensive secretion of a Chrysomelid larva

Abstract Larvae of the beetle Chrysomela interrupta produce a defensive secretion in their eversible thoracic and abdominal glands which is utilized to repel small insect predators. This secretion is comprised primarily of s-phenylethyl isobutyrate and s-phenylethyl 2-methyl butyrate, two esters which have not been obtained previously from an animal source. This glandular exudate is the first defensive secretion of larvae of Chrysomelinae reported to contain volatile compounds other than salicylaldehyde.
The coiled coils in the design of protein-based constructs: hybrid hydrogels and epitope displays

Recombinant DNA technology provides a powerful tool for producing protein-based biomaterials. Genetically engineered coiled coils have been used as a structural module for the construction of a variety of bio-based systems useful in drug delivery studies. Two of such approaches developed in the authors' laboratory were described here. One approach was to assemble hybrid hydrogels from coiled coil protein domains and synthetic polymers. Preliminary results showed that temperature-sensitive volume transition of the hybrid hydrogels could be triggered by the thermal unfolding of the engineered coiled coil protein domains. The other approach, discussed in detail, was to construct an epitope display model system based on a coiled coil stem loop peptide self-assembled on a solid substrate. This model construct displayed a constrained nonapeptide sequence, which was found to mediate specific binding with immunocompetent cells bearing complementary surface receptors. These novel approaches will likely find important applications in the rational design of more effective drug delivery systems.
Nuclear magnetic resonance in the diagnosis of tumors of the liver.

N UCLEAR magnetic resonance (NMR), the exciting new imaging modality, promises to combine the advantages of CT and ultrasound by offering excellent resolution of its tomographic image, the use of nonionizing radiation, and the capability of imaging in any desired plane. Like nuclear medicine, it is expected to supply information about. metabolic processes and about the physiologic status of tissues and organs. It does not appear to have any biologic risks in the imaging energy range.’
The Hemopump in 1997: a clinical, political, and marketing evolution

Abstract Background . The Hemopump (Medtronic, Inc, Minneapolis, MN) was conceived in 1975 and designed in 1982 as a temporary, extracorporeal cardiac assist system. Although it has been used clinically in Europe, it is not currently available in the United States. Methods . In vitro and in vivo testing of the Hemopump began in 1983. Clinical investigations have included studies of patients in cardiogenic shock, Hemopump-supported coronary artery bypass operations in Sweden, and European studies of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with Hemopump support. Results . The Hemopump has demonstrated positive hemodynamic effects in patients. Laboratory and clinical studies have shown that the nonpulsatile axial flow generates flows of up to 4.5 L/min while maintaining adequate perfusion of other organs. In Europe, hemopumps have been used successfully to support coronary bypass and PTCA. Conclusions . The Hemopump system is simple, inexpensive, and well tolerated by the blood elements. Moreover, its design allows flexibility in supporting patients during cardiopulmonary bypass (in lieu of conventional techniques) and high risk angioplasty, as well as in rescuing patients with low cardiac output.
The Political Context of the Social Studies: Creating a Constituency for Municipal Reform

Abstract The 1916 reports of the Committee on the Social Studies were published near the end of a twenty-year period marked by some of the most sweeping political reforms the country ever witnessed. On the federal level, the years between 1913 and 1920 saw the adoption of four constitutional amendments. A number of states adopted practices such as the direct primary, initiative and referendum, and workingmen's compensation — all aimed at enhancing democracy as well as bringing greater economic and social security to the people. American cities developed new charters, started municipal research bureaus, initiated civil service reform, and hired city managers instead of electing mayors. This research is an endeavor to place the recommendations of the Committee on the Social Studies in the context of progressive reform with particular attention paid to the reformation of city governments. The study is especially concerned with the work of the Municipal League. First, because ten members of the Committee on t...
Impact of Laminin 5 β3 Gene versus Protein Replacement on Gene Expression Patterns in Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa

Molecular therapy studies to date have examined only a limited number of corrective parameters. To assess more global impacts on cellular gene expression for two major molecular therapeutic approaches, we compared gene versus protein delivery in the human genetic disease junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB). Both gene and protein replacement of the laminin 5 β3 (β3) adhesion molecule restored normal growth and adhesion to poorly viable JEB cells. Gene expression profiling was then performed using cDNA microarrays. The expression of more genes was normalized after β3 gene transfer than after protein transfer. As anticipated for β3 delivery, many of the genes whose expression was restored to the normal range were those encoding adhesion molecules and hemidesmosome components. Although gene transfer normalized the expression of a higher percentage of genes than did protein transfer, neither approach fully normalized expression of all genes examined. In addition, both approaches disrupted the expression of ...
Deaths, injuries, and damages from lightning in the United States in the 1890s in comparison with the 1990s

A reduction by a factor of 10 in the population-weighted rate of lightning-caused deaths over the last century has been determined in several previous studies. The reasons have been attributed to a number of factors, but none have been quantified in detail with a large dataset. Several thousand lightning-caused deaths, injuries, and reports of property damage in the United States from 1891 to 1894 were analyzed manually from descriptions provided by an 1895 data source. A similar manual analysis was made of information in the NOAA publication Storm Data 100 yr later, from 1991 to 1994. Comparisons show that the decrease in lightning risk to people coincides with a shift in population from rural to urban regions. Major changes in the types of property damaged by lightning between the two periods 100 yr apart are also shown. In addition, the results identify significant shifts in the kinds of incidents in which people and objects are impacted by lightning. This information can help in the development of better guidelines for lightning safety and education.
A numerical method for studying thermal deformation in 3D double-layered thin films with imperfect interfacial thermal contact exposed to ultrashort-pulsed lasers

Ultrashort-pulsed lasers have been attracting worldwide interest in science and engineering communities. Studying the thermal deformation induced by ultrashort pulsed lasers is important for preventing thermal damage. In this article, we consider a three-dimensional (3-D) double-layered metal thin film, where the interface between layers is imperfectly thermal contact, and present a finite difference scheme and an iterative algorithm for studying thermal deformation in the metal thin film exposed to ultrashort pulsed lasers. The method is demonstrated by investigating the thermal deformation in a 3-D gold-chromium thin film.
Molecular mapping of the fasciation mutation in soybean, Glycine max (Leguminosae)

The spontaneous fasciation mutation generates novel developmental diversity in cultivated soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill. An increased apical dominance in the mutant inhibits axillary buds, causes a branchless phenotype, and restricts reproduction to shoot apices. The fasciation mutation is encoded by a recessive (f) allele at a single locus. The mutation, despite its importance in soybean development, has no locus assignment on previously reported molecular maps of soybean. A population of 70 F(2) progeny was derived from a cross between 'Clark 63' and the fasciation mutant. More than 700 molecular markers (amplified restriction fragment length polymorphisms [AFLPs], random amplified polymorphic DNAs [RAPDs], restriction fragment length polymorphisms [RFLPs], and simple sequence repeats [SSRs]) were used in mapping of the fasciation phenotype. Twenty linkage groups (LGs) corresponding to the public soybean molecular map are represented on the Clark 63 × fasciation mutant molecular map that spans 3050 centimorgans (cM). The f locus was mapped on LG D1b+W and linked with two AFLPs and four SSR markers (Satt005, Satt141, Satt600, and Satt703). No linkage was found between the f locus and several cDNA polymorphic loci between the wild type and the mutant. The known map position of the f locus and demonstration of the mutant phenotype from early postembryonic throughout reproductive stages provide an excellent resource for investigations of molecular mechanisms affecting soybean ontogeny.
Kinking of the intrathoracic caudal vena cava in five dogs

Five dogs with kinking of the intrathoracic caudal vena cava (CVC) were studied. One dog had neither clinical nor laboratory abnormalities associated with the kinked CVC, and the cause was unknown. The other four dogs had evidence of post-sinusoidal obstruction of venous flow characterized by high protein ascites (modified transudate). Causes of the kinked CVC were automobile trauma (two dogs), cardiomegaly with ascites, and a large neoplastic lung mass. Surgical removal of the kinked caval segment was successful in the two dogs injured by automobiles. Medical therapy with a diuretic was associated with a decrease in ascites, straightening of the CVC, and improvement in clinical condition of the dog with cardiomegaly and ascites. Surgical removal of the neoplastic lung mass in one dog resulted in straightening of the CVC, but it later died of respiratory failure associated with pulmonary neoplasia.
Stable changes in expression or activation of G protein αi or αq subunits affect the expression of both β1 and β2 subunits

G proteins consist of three subunits: α,β and γ. Four β subunits have been cloned: β1 and β4 (36 kDa), and β2 and β3 (35 kDa). We studied endogenous β subunits in mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts stably expressing high levels of G protein α subunits after transfection with cDNAs encoding αi1, αi2, αi3 and αq. Immunoblots showed that NIH 3T3 cells express β36 and β35 subunits; in these cells,β35 subunits are four times more abundant than β36 subunits. We could detect β1 and β2 mRNA, but neither β3 norβ4 mRNA. We found that a stable increase in expression of wild-type αi1, αi2, αi3or αq subunits is always accompanied by an increase in β1 and β2 mRNA and protein levels. There was no evidence of selectivity for an increase in β1 rather than β2 subunits depending on the type of α subunit overexpressed. However, constitutive activation or inactivation of α subunits induced specific changes in β subunits. Expression of constitutively inactivated αi2 subunits was accompanied by an increase in mRNA and protein levels of both β subunits. In contrast, cells expressing constitutively activated αi2 subunits did not show any change in the amount of β proteins expressed in membranes, despite a significant increase in β1 and β2 mRNA. We conclude that stable changes in the levels of expression or degree of activation of Gα subunits affect the level of expression, and possibly the turn-over, of β subunits, without selectivity among β1 and β2 subunits.
Dynamic user equilibrium with a path based cell transmission model for general traffic networks

This paper develops a formulation for the network level dynamic traffic equilibrium model with departure time choice and route choice. The embedded network loading procedure follows the cell transmission model without the holding-back issues by using detailed representations of flows at merges and diverges. The problem is modeled using a complementarity approach. The existence of the equilibrium solution is discussed using techniques from generalized variational inequalities. Computational results are performed using state of the art solvers. Since these solvers fail to solve any reasonable size networks, a specialized projection algorithm is developed to solve the problem. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the algorithm in various starting with simple networks and extending to reasonable size networks with different traffic parameters. It is shown that the solution procedure produces good dynamic equilibrium solutions for general transportation networks.
Green tea polyphenol EGCG suppresses lung cancer cell growth through upregulating miR-210 expression caused by stabilizing HIF-1α

(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been reported to affect many cellular regulatory pathways. This study aims to determine whether EGCG could target microRNA (miRNA), one of the mechanisms for cells to achieve subtle change in multiple targets. We found that, in both human and mouse lung cancer cells in culture, EGCG specifically upregulated the expression of miR-210, a major miRNA regulated by HIF-1α. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of miR-210 led to reduced cell proliferation rate and anchorage-independent growth as well as reduced sensitivity to EGCG. On the mechanisms of miR-210 regulation by EGCG, we demonstrated that the regulation was mediated through the hypoxia-response element in miR-210 promoter. Consistently, the upregulation of miR-210 was found to be correlated with the stabilized HIF-1α in lung cancer cell lines after EGCG treatment. This EGCG-induced stabilization of HIF-1α was further shown by the stabilization of HA-tagged HIF-1α but not the P402A/P564A-mutated HIF-1α by EGCG, suggesting that EGCG targets the oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD) domain. Direct evidence was obtained by affinity binding assay showing that EGCG specifically binds HIF-1α with a K(d) = 3.47 μM. This result suggests that EGCG binding interferes with the hydroxylation of key Pro residues in the ODD domain, preventing HIF-1α from the Pro hydroxylation-dependent ubiquitination and subsequent proteosome-mediated degradation. In summary, our results demonstrated, for the first time, the elevation of miR-210 by EGCG in lung cancer cell lines and this is mediated by the stabilization of HIF-1α. This event contributes to the anticancer activity of EGCG.
Pathophysiology, signs, and symptoms of acute tumor lysis syndrome

Objectives: To provide a review of the patho-hysiology and corresponding signs and symptoms of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS); to review clinical and laboratory monitoring parameters. Data sources: Primary and tertiary literature and clinical experience. Conclusions: An understanding of the pathophysiology of TLS, meticulous assessment for signs tend symptoms and monitoring of laboratory data, as well as curly recognition of problems are essential for optimul patient outcomes. Implications for Nursing Practice: Knowledge of the pathophysiology of TLS will assist the oncology nurse in better understanding the overall syndrome and allow improved patient cure mana gement through close clinical and laboratory monitoring of signs and symptoms, and, ideally, promote a proactive approach to managing TLS.
A computer simulation study of cortical imaging from scalp potentials

Computer simulation studies were conducted to test the feasibility of imaging brain electrical activity from the scalp electroencephalograms. The inhomogeneous three-concentric-sphere head model was used to represent the head volume conductor. Closed spherical dipole layers, consisting of several thousand uniformly distributed dipoles, were used to reconstruct the cortical potential maps corresponding to neuronal sources located inside the brain. Simulation results indicate that the present procedure can image both cortical and deep sources, and for the cortical sources, a spatial resolution as high as 1.2 cm can be achieved.
Growth of a supersymmetric bubble: Inhomogeneity effects

In a dense star, the Pauli exclusion principle functions as an enormous energy storage mechanism. Supersymmetry could provide a way to recapture this energy. If there is a transition to an exactly supersymmetric (SUSY) phase, the trapped energy can be released with consequences similar to gamma ray burst observations. Previous zeroth order calculations have been based on the behavior in a prototypical white dwarf of solar mass and earth radius (such as Sirius B) and have neglected density inhomogeneity. In this article we show that the effects of density inhomogeneity and of variations in masses and radii are substantial enough to encourage further exploration of the SUSY star model. In addition, the effects discussed here have possible applications to the growth of bubbles in other phase transition models in dense matter.
Academic and clinical training in cleft palate for speech-language pathologists.

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to obtain information about academic and clinical training of speech-language pathology students in cleft palate (CP). Methods: Representatives of 232 accredited graduate programs in speech-language pathology were invited via e-mail to complete a web-based 32-item questionnaire. Questions focused on the type and nature of courses offered related to CP, availability of clinical practica, and number of hours of clinical experience by students. An item-by-item analysis was conducted and descriptive statistics obtained. Results: A total of 127 (54.7%) of the programs responded. Sixty-seven percent offered coursework exclusively devoted to CP, and for 53% of these it was a required course. For the programs that did not offer an exclusive course on CP, 35% indicated that CP was covered in other courses such as articulation, voice, or anatomy and physiology. Fifty-four percent of the programs offered clinical practica in CP. For these, a median of five students o...
X Vision: Combining Image Warping and Geometric Constraints for Fast Visual Tracking

In this article, we describe X Vision, a modular, portable framework for visual tracking. X Vision is designed to be a programming environment for real-time vision which provides high performance on standard workstations outfitted with a simple digitizer. X Vision consists of a small set of image-level tracking primitives and a framework for combining tracking primitives to form complex tracking systems. Efficiency and robustness are achieved by propagating geometric and temporal constraints to the feature detection level, where image warping and specialized image processing are combined to perform feature detection quickly and robustly. We illustrate how useful, robust tracking systems can be constructed by simple combinations of a few basic primitives with the appropriate task-specific constraints.
Promoting productive interactions between parents and physicians in the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioral condition that impairs functioning throughout childhood and adolescence. Evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of ADHD recommend recognizing ADHD as a chronic condition. The chronic care model for child health emphasizes the need for productive interactions between an informed, activated family and a prepared, proactive practice team. Key parent–physician interactions in the treatment of a child with ADHD include: family education, treatment goal setting, treatment plan formation, cardiovascular screening, medication titration and ongoing monitoring and treatment plan revision. Most care for children/adolescents with ADHD is provided in community-based primary care settings where there are significant barriers to delivering high-quality care to children with chronic conditions. This article reviews recommended physician–parent interactions, examines current practice patterns and identifies facilitators and barriers to the im...
A NKG2D Thr72Ala polymorphism is not associated with HAM/TSP and proviral load values in Peruvian HTLV-1 infected patients with HAM/TSP and asymptomatic carriers

Background NKG2D is an activating receptor mainly expressed on Natural Killer (NK) cells, its ligands has an abnormal expression in virus infected cells and tumoral cells. The SNP rs2255336 G/A generates a substitution of alanine to threonine (NKG2D Thr72Ala) associated with a low and high cytotoxic activity of NK cells respectively. This study investigated the association between the NKG2D Thr72Ala polymorphism with HAM/TSP and PVL values in Peruvian HTLV-1 infected patients with HAM/TSP and asymptomatic carriers.
Crecimiento económico e inequidades en salud

This essay reviews the relation between health inequities and economic growth. The general meaning of these and ancillary concepts (economic development, health inequalities) is briefly reviewed. Some studies illustrating different hypotheses on the long-run historical evolution of health inequalities are presented, and three case studies -the United States in 1920-1940 and in recent years, Finland during the expansion of the 1980s and the recession of the 1990s- are reviewed to demonstrate the evolution of health inequalities during the periods of expansion and recession in markets economies that conform to the so-called business cycle. Health inequities between ethnic groups and social classes are often found in modern societies, and some of these disparities seem to be widening. Periods of economic expansion do not seem favorable for the lessening of health inequalities. Contrarily, and counter-intuitively, evidence rather suggests that it is during periods of recession that gaps in health between privileged and disadvantaged groups tend to narrow.
DIMENSIONS OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN PROSTATE CANCER

AbstractPurpose: Quality of life research in prostate cancer involves the use of many questionnaires and specific items that may be partly redundant. We examine dimensions of quality of life in prostate cancer in the hope of somewhat simplifying communication of basic information.Materials and Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional survey data on quality of life in patients with prostate cancer belonging to a Southern California HMO. Quality of life was assessed with the University of California, Los Angeles prostate cancer index. Scree plot and parallel analysis were used to identify factors for extraction and orthogonal (varimax) rotation to examine scale loadings.Results: Four extracted factors explained a cumulative variance of 86%. The 8 physical and emotional scales loaded on 1 general factor explained 41% of the cumulative variance. Urinary function and bother, sexual function and bother, and bowel function and bother scales loaded on factors explained 16, 15 and 14% of the cumulative variance, respe...
Getting on the Mat: Teachers and Students Engaging in Yoga Together

Children naturally engage in physical play. They learn by exploring their body—its movements and capabilities—and its relationship to others and to the outside world. Incorporating movement and physical activity into formal education settings has been shown to reduce student stress and improve health and academic outcomes. Physical activity in designated periods throughout the day can help children expend energy and thereby improve classroom behavior. In some nations, team sports are employed to build community and responsibility. In other countries, individual activities with a community component, like yoga and tai chi, are popular with practitioners of all ages. Yoga, with its emphasis on intention, is especially beneficial for children. The lessons of focus, perseverance, and harmony that are taught in yoga are vitally important in a school setting, where children often spend long hours at their desks, asked to focus on challenging tasks and undergo rigorous assessments. A shared yoga practice can bui...
Invariant Tori in Hamiltonian Systems with Impacts

It is shown that a large class of solutions in two-degree-of-freedom Hamilto- nian systems of billiard type can be described by slowly varying one-degree-of-freedom Hamiltonian systems. Under some non-degeneracy conditions such systems are found to possess a large set of quasiperiodic solutions filling out two dimensional tori, which correspond to caustics in the classical billiard. This provides a unified proof of existence of quasiperiodic solutions in convex billiards and other systems with impacts including classical billiard in electric and magnetic fields, dual billiard, and Fermi-Ulam systems.
Variation in human HPRT and its relationship to neurologic and behavioral manifestations.

Patients with the Lesch-Nvhan syndrome1 have a distinctive phenotype, an essential quantitative feature of which is a virtually complete deficiency of the activity of hypoxanthine, guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT; E.C.:2.4.2.8)2,3. The clinical phenotype has a prominent central nervous system component in which there are two distinct sets of symptoms. On the one hand the patients have neurological abnormalities, choreoathetosis,. spasticity, increased deep tendon reflexes and occasional seizure disorders. Most have developmental retardation. On the other hand they have bizarre compulsive, aggressive behavior, the hallmark feature of which is self-mutilative biting. They also have hyperuricemia, a consequence of a marked increase in the rate of synthesis of purine de novo1 and as a consequence they have all of the clinical manifestations of the patient with gout. In contrast there are patients with partial deficiencies of HPRT. These patients may have up to 50% of normal HPRT activity but usually the activity is 5 percent or less4,5. They have hyperuricemia and they may have renal stones6, but they do not have abnormalities of the central nervous system.
Science and appropriate technology for underdeveloped countries: one emphasis in the master of engineering program at Baylor University

An initiative to blend an emphasis in "science and appropriate technology for underdeveloped countries" into a master of engineering program at Baylor University is presented.
The interaction of chloride with the sulfate transport system of ehrlich ascites tumor cells

The effect of Cl− on SO4−2 efflux was studied in both Cl−-containing and Cl−-free ascites tumor cells loaded with 35SO4−2 to test the hypothesis that Cl−-SO4−2 exchange is mediated by the same mechanism responsible for SO4−2-self exchange. The addition of Cl−-free, 35SO4−2 loaded cells to a SO4−2-free, Cl− medium results in: (1) SO4−2 efflux that is dependent on the extracellular Cl− concentration (Km = 4.85 mM; ke = 0.048 min−1 at 50 mM Cl−) and (2) net Cl−-uptake that exceeds SO4−2 loss. Both SITS (4-acetamido-4′-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonate) and ANS (1-anilino-8-napthalene sulfonate) inhibit SO4−2 efflux but are without effect on Cl− uptake. The addition of Cl−-containing, 35SO4−2 loaded cells to a SO4−2-free, C1− medium results in: (1) a slight gain in cellular Cl− and (2) k efor SO4−2 efflux identical to that for Cl−-free cells. The results are compatible with the suggestion that: (1) Cl− interacts with a membrane component responsible for transmembrane SO4−2 movement; (2) Cl− interaction stimulates the rate of unidirectional SO4−2 efflux from cells initially free of Cl− as well as the rate of SO4−2 turnover in cells maintained in the steady state with respect to Cl− and SO4−2; and (3) in the case of cells initially free of Cl−, the Cl−-SO4−2 pathway represents only a small fraction of the total unidirectional Cl−-influx the remainder being compatible with the electroneutral accumulation of NaCl and KCl.
Frescura que se prolonga

Menos poemas y mas besos. Hector Ignacio Rodriguez. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, 2000, 57 pags.
Capital Structure, Agency Problems, and Deposit Insurance in Banking Firms

This paper applies and synthesizes various theories of corporate finance, including capital structure, agency insurance, and regulation, to the case of banking firms and the deposite insurance system. It is argued that a value-maximizing bank would reach its optimal capital structure by minimizing the agency costs of incentive conflicts among stockholders, managers, uninsured depositors, and the deposit insurance agency. Although a regulatory imposed capital requirment may reduce the agency costs inherent in the insurance contact, it cannot produce a universal capital structure that is optimal for all insured banks. The observed capital structure patterns also suggest that banks actively seek an optimal capital structure.
An external logic processor for NTCIP-based traffic controllers: Proof of concept for data exchange capability

This paper presents a microprocessor-based device, external to a traffic controller, to communicate with the traffic controller through the Ethernet port using the NTCIP 1202 communication protocol. With such data exchange capabilities, it provides opportunities for real-time feedback control at the local intersection level. The paper presents the results of five tests to verify and validate the data exchange capabilities of the microprocessor-based device. The test results show that the microprocessor successfully used NTCIP data objects to read the controller's detector status, phase status, and coordination parameters. The recommended hardware arrangement has clear potential to detect different traffic conditions such as cycle failure or queue spillback. In addition, the microprocessor detects phase states and phase sequences with sufficient accuracy to support assessing traffic conditions and determining efficient control strategies. Finally, the writing tests show that the microprocessor-based device can write to different controller parameters in an accurate and timely fashion, which is important for implementing real-time feedback control strategies.
Sound and Fury: Pretextual Prosecution and Department of Justice Antiterrorism Efforts

Using Justice Department antiterrorism efforts as a case study, this article expands upon existing theories of pretextual prosecution by distinguishing a law enforcement system that employs a pretextual strategy from one that employs what I term technical or disingenuous prosecutions. Contrary to Justice Department claims, the data suggest that since September 2001, federal investigators continually have referred a large number of specious antiterrorism matters to federal prosecutors. The data further suggest that federal prosecutors are more likely to be engaging in technical or disingenuous prosecutions than pretextual prosecutions.
A new frequency formula for closed circular cylindrical shells for a large variety of boundary conditions

Abstract A new formula for the natural frequencies of circular cylindrical shells is presented for modes in which transverse deflections dominate. It is valid for all boundary conditions for which the roots of the analogous beam problem can be obtained. Good agreement with experimental data for a variety of boundary conditions is shown.
Putrescine does not support the migration and growth of IEC-6 cells

The migration of IEC-6 cells is inhibited when the cells are depleted of polyamines by inhibiting ornithine decarboxylase with α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO). Exogenous putrescine, spermidine, an...
The Numerical Solution of the Bagley–Torvik Equation With Fractional Taylor Method

In this paper, a numerical method for solving the fractional Bagley–Torvik equation is given. This method is based on using fractional Taylor vector approximation. The operational matrix of the fractional integration for fractional Taylor vector is given and is utilized to reduce the solution of the Bagley–Torvik equation to a system of algebraic equations. Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of this technique.
Medicinal agents incorporating the 1,2-diamine functionality

The 1,2-diamine (vicinal diamine) functionality is a remarkable template which displays a broad spectrum of biological activity. For the purpose of this review, molecules possessing two nitrogen atoms separated by two carbon atoms, at least one of which being sp3-hydridized, will be considered to be 1,2-diamines. Structural units such as piperazine and imidazolidine will be included as examples of 1,2-diamines. The 1,2-diamine conformation may be found in many important compounds including antiarrhythmics, antihypertensives, antipsychotics, analgesics, antianxiety agents, local anesthetics, anticonvulsants, gastrointestinal agents, anticancer drugs, and antiparasitic agents. The number of compounds falling into the 1,2-diamine category as defined above is considerable. Consequently, this review is intended to be illustrative rather than exhaustive.
Avicenna on Knowledge (ʿILM), Certainty (Yaqīn), Cause (ʿILLA/SABAB) and the Relative (MUḌĀF)1

In his Kitāb al-Burhān (Book of Demonstration), Avicenna discusses a theoretical framework broadly inspired by Aristotle's Posterior Analytics which brings together logic, epistemology and metaphysics. One of the central questions explored in the book is the problem of the relation between knowledge, certainty and causal explanation. Burhān 1.8, in particular, is devoted to the analysis of how certainty comes about in causal as opposed to non-causal contexts. The distinction is understood in Avicenna's system as one between cases in which the conclusion of an argument is warranted only in virtue of an appropriate middle term, and cases in which there is no such intermediary because the predicative link between subject and predicate of the conclusion is immediate. In this context, Avicenna makes use of the case of relative terms (muḍāfāt) to clarify certain crucial aspects of his theory. The paper explores this discussion and shows how Avicenna's account of the relatively marginal role of relatives in the ...
Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Phase from Preambles with Harmonics

We propose an implementation-friendly maximum likelihood estimation of phase for 6T and 8T patterns for timing recovery. By this method, the Cramer-Rao lower bound is achieved even if these patterns have harmonics.
Identification of Peptide Ligands for α4β1 Integrin Receptor as Potential Targeting Agents for Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

α4β1 integrin is widely expressed on both T- and B-lymphocytes. It is involved in cell migration into tissue during inflammatory responses and normal lymphocyte trafficking and plays an important role in inflammation and autoimmune diseases [1]. Over the past few years, a number of investigators have developed peptide or peptidomimetic inhibitors/ligands for α4β1 based on the known peptide sequence ILDV in fibronectin [2]. Most of these studies have been directed to the treatment of a number of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In this study, we used a whole cell binding assay to screen a random “one-bead one-compound” combinatorial peptide-bead library [3] with a human T-lymphoma line (Jurkat) and discovered a number of lymphoid tumor cell line specific peptides that contain pLDI motif.
Correlation between serum ADH,TNF-α level and prognosis of primary lung cancer patients

Objective To explore the serum ADH and TNF-α in primary lung cancer patients and its correlation with prognosis. Methods Forty-four patients with primary lung cancer undergoing surgical treatment were selected as observation group,and 30 healthy persons were selected as control group. The serum ADH and TNF-α level in two groups were tested on 1d,3d,5d,7d,10 d and14d after operations to detect changes in serum ADH and TNF-α level. Results Serum ADH and TNF-α level of the patients in observation group were higher than those in control group( P 0. 01),while serum ADH and TNF-α level of the observation group on 5d,7d,10 d and 14 d after operations were lower than those before their operaions( P 0. 01). Conclusion Serum ADH and TNF-α level of primary lung cancer patients are high and will gradually decline after operations,therefore serum ADH and TNF-α level can be used as reference in prognosis assessment and choice of treatment methods.
Scientific specialization and the poliovirus controversy in the years before World War II.

Avant la deuxieme guerre mondiale, de nombreux chercheurs ont aborde la poliomyelite d'un point de vue microbiologique. Les etudes experimentales et pathologiques ont ainsi permis de determiner l'etiologie et la pathologie de la maladie, permettant de developper un vaccin