cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Advanced age influences chimpanzee behavior in small social groups

Management strategies for captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) must begin to take into account the increasing age of the captive chimpanzee population. This study represents a baseline assessment of the relationship between advancing age and behavior among male and female chimpanzees living in pairs and trios in indoor/outdoor runs. Data collected on 14 old individuals (30‐44 years old) and 20 younger adult individuals (11‐22 years old) totaled 240 hours. Levels of agonistic and affiliative social behavior, non-social activity, abnormal behaviors, and behavioral indicators of anxiety were evaluated. In the same captive setting, the behavior of old chimpanzees was significantly different from younger chimpanzees. Old chimpanzees showed less aggression and moved about their enclosures less. Old females behaved submissively more often than younger adult females; the reverse was found among males. However, affiliative social behavior occurred at similar levels in old and younger adult chimpanzees, implying continued need for social housing with advancing age. The effect of enrichment devices may differ for aged female chimpanzees, given their submissiveness and the lower levels of object manipulation found in aged subjects. These results suggest that aging in chimpanzees may be accompanied by altered patterns of social interaction, requiring careful attention to the compatibility of social partners. Zoo Biol 19:111‐119, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
In-task and post-task affective response to exercise: translating exercise intentions into behaviour.

Objectives To test whether affective response to an acute bout of exercise can predict regular voluntary exercise, and specifically whether a positive affective response helps translate intentions into behaviour. Design A prospective correlational design. Methods Participants (N=127) recruited from the community reported intentions to engage in voluntary exercise and frequency of participation in voluntary exercise both at baseline and at a 3-month follow-up. Self-reported positive affect, negative affect, tranquillity, and fatigue were assessed during a bout of moderate intensity exercise. Results Within subject slopes for increases in positive affect and decreases in fatigue during exercise, and increased tranquillity and decreased fatigue post-exercise were associated with more frequent participation in exercise at follow-up. Changes in negative affect did not predict exercise at follow-up; however, this was likely due to floor effects leading to lack of baseline variability in negative affect. Importantly, a positive affective response to exercise moderated the intention–behaviour relationship, such that those who responded to exercise more favourably exhibited stronger relationships between intentions and future exercise behaviour Conclusions We conclude that exercise-related increases in positive affect and tranquillity and decreases in feelings of fatigue can aid in the successful translation of exercise intentions into behaviour.
Constraint satisfaction methods for generating valid cuts

Valid cuts are viewed in the operations research literature as inequalities that strengthen linear relaxations. The constraint satisfaction community has developed an alternate approach. Logical inference methods, such as the resolution method, can generate valid cuts that need not be inequalities and that are considered apart from any role in relaxations. They reduce backtracking by helping to achieve “consistency,” which is analogous to integrality in a polyhedral setting. The basic theory underlying these methods is presented here. Parallels with mathematical programming are pointed out, and resolution- based algorithms for generating cuts are proposed as a unifying theme. Specific topics include k-consistency, adaptive consistency, the dependency graph, and various measures of its width, including induced width and bandwidth.
Multiphasic Analysis of Milk and Fat Yield Curves of Israeli Holsteins

A multiphasic function was fitted to first through third-parity curves for milk and fat yields of Israeli Holsteins, grouped by yield and by days open classes. A triphasic function, the sum of three logistic functions, was fitted to milk yield curves, whereas a diphasic function, the sum of two logistic functions, was fitted to fat yield curves. For first parity milk, about 5% of yield occurred in first phase, about 25% in second phase, and about 70% in third phase. For first parity fat, about 14% of yield occurred in first phase and about 86% in second phase. Effect of yield was significant for initial, peak, and 305-d yields generally. Effect of days open generally was significant for time of peak yield and duration of each phase.
Adaptive blind channel estimation by least squares smoothing

A least squares smoothing (LSS) approach is presented for the blind estimation of single-input multiple-output (SIMO) finite impulse response systems. By exploiting the isomorphic relation between the input and output subspaces, this geometrical approach identifies the channel from a specially formed least squares smoothing error of the channel output. LSS has the finite sample convergence property, i.e., in the absence of noise, the channel is estimated perfectly with only a finite number of data samples. Referred to as the adaptive least squares smoothing (A-LSS) algorithm, the adaptive implementation has a high convergence rate and low computation cost with no matrix operations. A-LSS is order recursive and is implemented in part using a lattice filter. It has the advantage that when the channel order varies, channel estimates can be obtained without structural change of the implementation. For uncorrelated input sequence, the proposed algorithm performs direct deconvolution as a by-product.
Improving the cycling stability of Na3V2(PO4)3 nanoparticle in aqueous sodium ion batteries by introducing carbon support

Here we report the electrochemical performances of a Na3V2(PO4)3/C nanocomposite as a cathode material for aqueous sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Compared to a previously reported Na3V2(PO4)3 microparticle, this nanocomposite demonstrated much improved cycling stability. While the improvement mainly attributed to the right pH and the carbon matrixmediated protection against the electrolyte, the capacity fade was mainly due to the deterioration of crystallinity and structure of the nanocomposite caused by various interactions between the nanocomposite and electrolyte. This work not only help to understand the degradation of Na3V2(PO4)3 in aqueous SIBs, but also shed light on the design and fabrication of electrode materials with high cycling stability for aqueous SIBs.
Findings from the Advanced Technology Program's Survey of ATP Applicants 2004

The Advanced Technology Program (ATP) accelerates the development of high risk and innovative research that has the potential to broadly affect the economy through partnerships with the private sector. Companies seeking to partner with the ATP submit proposals for the funding of technologies that could not obtain private support due to high technical risk. The proposals are evaluated for technical and economic merit in a rigorous competitive review process. The survey of applicant companies from the 2004 competition, conducted in collaboration with Westat, asks all companies (awardees and non-awardees) questions about the companies themselves and the nature of the R&D proposed to the government for funding. The data were designed to provide information enabling researchers to judge the efficacy of the award selection process as well as the impact of the federal funding on the nature and outcome of the R&D.
On the nonlinear viscoelastic deformations of composites with prestressed inclusions

Abstract This study aims to understand the effect of prestressing the inclusion on the overall mechanical performance of composites having nonlinear viscoelastic constituents. Particle reinforced composites are considered and each non-overlapping particle is assumed to be fully surrounded by polymeric matrix. We study different responses of polymeric matrix with limiting strain and stress softening behaviors. In both models, linearized strain is given explicitly as a nonlinear function of stress and stress history and a justification for such a non-linear relationship is provided. A recursive–iterative algorithm is used to numerically solve the governing equations which are integrated within a displacement based finite element environment. Examples of composite responses with different particle contents are presented. A thermal process that could induce prestress in the inclusion is discussed.
A confirmatory factor-analytic model of alienation.

This paper presents a longitudinal second-order confirmatory factor-analytic model of alienation in employed U.S. men, based on Seeman's originalfive-facet conceptualization. Alienation appears in this model as a second-order factor that is significantly related to allfive of these facets. Powerlessness and self-estrangement are shown to be the two central facets. Meaninglessness, normlessness and cultural estrangement show progressively smaller relationships to the underlying alienation cotistruct. Although cultural estrangement is significantly related to the underlying construct, removing it tesults in a model that fits the data slightly better. Cross-national comparisons using cross-sectional data from Poland and Japan confirm the generalizability of this model. However, the magnitudes of the relationships of both normlessness and cultural estrangement to the second-order factor are somewhat different for Japan than for the United States and Poland.
Projectile Aerodynamic Coefficient Estimation Using Integrated CFD/RBD and Flight Control System Modeling

A method to efficiently generate a complete aerodynamic description for projectile flight dynamic modeling is described. At the core of the method is an unsteady, time accurate computational fluid dynamics simulation that is tightly coupled to a rigid projectile flight dynamic simulation. This coupled multidisciplinary technique allows “virtual fly-out” of projectiles on supercomputers, predicts the fight path and all the associated unsteady freeflight aerodynamics of a projectile in an integrated manner, and offers a new approach for generating a complete aerodynamic description consisting of both static and dynamic aerodynamic coefficients. Simulated projectile motion is computed and employed as baseline data at a Mach number of particular interest. For this simulated motion, aerodynamic forces and moments and the full rigid body state vector of the projectile are known. With time synchronized air loads and state vector information, aerodynamic coefficients are estimated using the Output Error Method. This integrated technique is exercised on an exemplar projectile, showing viability of the coupled CFD/RBD simulation in conjunction with the Output Error Method for aerodynamic coefficient estimation.
Dynamic tension of iced conductor galloping

Transmission line galloping intimidates the reliability and the stability of transmission lines.Computing the dynamic tension of ice accreted conductor induced by wind is one of the most important parts of galloping research of transmission line.First of all,the theoretical formula of galloping conductor dynamic tension was derived from the perspectives of energy balance and variation of conductor's length.Then,the numerical simulation model for the galloping tension was established.Taking an actual high-voltage transmission line as an example,the theoretical formula was proved to be effective by comparing the theoretical results with the numerical ones,its applicable range was judged.The influence law of amplitude,half-wave number,span,elevation angle on the dynamic tension was achieved by analyzing the theoretical results and the numerical ones.It was shown that the proposed method is reasonable and provides a reference for analyzing galloping.
The Politics of Culture

The arts in the Soviet Union serve a political as well as an aesthetic purpose. Music, literature, the visual arts, film, theater, as well as the mass media reflect the official policies and goals of the regime. Yet, at the same time, the arts are a mirror of the society and its people; the arts reflect social trends, human emotions, and the complexities of Soviet society. From the founding of the Soviet regime, these two functions of culture and the arts have coexisted in an uneasy contradiction. A dualism exists between the regime’s need for art in service to the State and the intellectual community’s need for artistic self-expression. An earlier chapter noted the existence of a similar duality in the Soviet legal system between the competing currents of rule of law and the suppression of dissent. Another chapter analyzed the intricate interrelations of the “first” and “second” economies. In the arts and cultural fields, the dual forces have resulted in a division between “official” and “unofficial” art. The arts have also been an important field upon which battles over larger political issues have been waged. These battles illustrate the political leadership’s need for the arts and the media in order to mobilize the population as well as the intelligentsia’s ability to affect policies. This chapter will examine the Soviet arts and the media, noting in particular the contradictions between the “official” and “unofficial” realms of art and policy.
Stability Analysis of Multibody Systems with Variable Kinematical Constraints

Automated algorithms for the dynamic analysis and simulation of constrained multibody systems usually assume that the constraint equations are linearly independent. But during the motion, at instantaneous configurations, the constraint equations may become linearly dependent resulting in singularities. In this paper a new matrix theorem is presented for obtaining an orthogonal complement array to eliminate the undeteruined multipliers from Kane’s equations even in the presence of linearly dependent constraint equations. In addition, Baumgarte’s approach for exponential decay is used to stabilize the numerical errors.
RF Spectra: A Sum Rule Approach to Trapped Bosons in an Optical Lattice

We calculate the interaction induced inhomogeneous broadening of spectral lines in a trapped Bose gas as a function of the depth of a three-dimensional cubic optical lattice. As observed in recent experiments, we find that the terraced “wedding-cake" structure of Mott plateaus splits the spectrum into a series of discrete peaks. The spectra are extremely sensitive to density corrugations and trap anharmonicities. For example, even when the majority of the cloud is superfluid the spectrum displays discrete peaks.
Tissue Stiffness and Hypoxia Modulate the Integrin-Linked Kinase ILK to Control Breast Cancer Stem-like Cells

Breast tumors are stiffer and more hypoxic than nonmalignant breast tissue. Here we report that stiff and hypoxic microenvironments promote the development of breast cancer stem-like cells (CSC) through modulation of the integrin-linked kinase ILK. Depleting ILK blocked stiffness and hypoxia-dependent acquisition of CSC marker expression and behavior, whereas ectopic expression of ILK stimulated CSC development under softer or normoxic conditions. Stiff microenvironments also promoted tumor formation and metastasis in ovo, where depleting ILK significantly abrogated the tumorigenic and metastatic potential of invasive breast cancer cells. We further found that the ILK-mediated phenotypes induced by stiff and hypoxic microenvironments are regulated by PI3K/Akt. Analysis of human breast cancer specimens revealed an association between substratum stiffness, ILK, and CSC markers, insofar as ILK and CD44 were expressed in cancer cells located in tumor regions predicted to be stiff. Our results define ILK as a key mechanotransducer in modulating breast CSC development in response to tissue mechanics and oxygen tension. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5277-87. ©2016 AACR.
The Counterrevolutionary Campus: Herbert Marcuse and the Suppression of Student Protest Movements

AbstractWith the recent surge of college protests against various forms of economic, political, social, and racial injustice, there have been persistent and pernicious reactions from other students, administrators and public figures that function to undermine the emancipatory impulses animating these demonstrations. The reactions are often justified under the banners of tolerance, chastising students to listen instead of protest. This article, focusing on Marcuse’s concepts of repressive toleration and counterrevolution, evaluates the reactionary responses to these events, as well as the critical potential of this fledgling student sensibility, a burgeoning refusal represented by protest events at American universities. We maintain that many of the calls for tolerance are actually demands for silence and belong to a wider counterrevolutionary phase of late capitalism observed by Marcuse. Bedrock liberties are dialectically inverted whereby speech and toleration are repressively deployed against demands fo...
Does Anticipated Fiscal Policy Matter? The Italian Evidence

This article tests for Italy the validity of the Rational Expectations-Natural Rate (RENR) hypothesis that anticipated fiscal policy does not matter for real economic activity. An atheoretical statistical technique is employed for decomposing the Italian fiscal policy into anticipated and unanticipated components. The empirical results over the quarterly period 1960 to 1983 lend strong support to the RENR hypothesis: Only unanticipated fiscal policy exerts a significant expansionary impact upon real economic activity in Italy. These results. therefore, cast doubt on the appropriateness of activist fiscal policy for real economic stabilization in the case of Italy.
Improving Residents’ Ability to Teach Complex Skills Through the Use of Objective Structured Teaching Exercises

Although studies have been conducted in various medical disciplines on the use of objective structured teaching exercises (OSTEs) to improve teaching skills, there are no OSTE studies specifically addressing internal medicine residents and their ability to be effective teachers, more specifically their self-perceptions of confidence and competence in teaching. This study explores the use of OSTEs as a means of deliberate practice in order to improve internal medicine resident performance in teaching complex skills. Twenty-eight internal medicine residents were invited to participate in the study. The primary outcome was measured by a survey-based assessment of resident self-perceptions of confidence and competence before and after two OSTEs. Residents reported a significant increase in their confidence in teaching medical students a complex oral presentation skill (SNAPPS method) after the two OSTEs. OSTEs can be used to boost resident confidence and competence in teaching complex oral presentation skills to medical students.
Spinal meningeal diverticula, spontaneous intracranial hypotension, and superficial siderosis.

Superficial siderosis (SS) is a rare disorder characterized by depositions of hemosiderin in the leptomeninges and subpial layer.1 Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is an uncommon disorder characterized by excessive loss of CSF at the level of the spine.2 An association of SS and SIH has become well-established.1,3–5 In fact, a spontaneous spinal CSF leak is found in about one-third of patients with SS.1 Only one specific type of spontaneous spinal CSF leak has been reported in patients with SS, i.e., a ventral CSF leak caused by a dural tear.6 We report 2 patients with SIH and early SS who did not have a ventral spinal CSF leak but had multiple spinal meningeal diverticula, another common finding in patients with SIH, presumably reflecting an underlying generalized weakening of the dura.6 Also, serial MRIs in these patients provide insight into the timing of the development of SS in patients with SIH.
Lunhui: Upcycled Creations

Lunhui is a tech startup that functions as a platform for bringing together city residents and craftspeople. It supports up-cycling and creates art and design objects by providing unwanted material pick-up service and by matching the inventory to craftspeople to support their creations. It helps to give unwanted objects new life cycles, away from landfills. I would like more people to be involved in up-cycling and creativity circles by providing easy and efficient technology. Lunhui was created to drive demand for up-cycling and to bring city residents together. The service connects individuals who are decluttering with craftspeople who make products from recycled materials. The goal is to reduce waste, create value, fulfill customers' feelings of satisfaction, thrift, and resourcefulness, as well as bring support and encouragement to cooperators who are artists, designers, and craftspeople.
Use of electrospun collagen scaffolds as 3-D cellular models for testing anti-neoplastic agents

5127 Epithelial tumors form from cells that are released from their natural basement membrane and form 3-D structures that interact with each other and with the microenvironment of the tissue around the tumor, often collagen. Cancer cells growing as monolayers on tissue culture plastic do not reflect many of the properties of whole tumors. This shortcoming limits their ability to serve as perfect models for testing of pharmacologically active compounds, including those that are being tested as anti-neoplastics). This work seeks to create new 3-D cellular materials possessing properties more similar to those in native tissues surrounding cancers, specifically electrospun micro- and nanofibrous scaffolds that support tumor growth in 3-D. Electrospinning creates spider web type fibers on which cells are grown for characterization and testing of anti-cancer compounds. The fibers produced during the electrospinning process are nanoscale, with diameters ranging from 40 to 2000 nm compared to traditional textile fibers that have diameters of 5-200 μm. The primary advantage of electrospinning is that it uses tiny quantities (50-100mg-the quantity that might result from a custom synthesis) of polymer in solution to form micro- and nanofibers. A second advantage is that additional components, e.g., small molecules, a second polymer, or cell binding factors can be added to the polymer solution and often can be incorporated into the fiber during the electrospinning process. We have optimized conditions to grow cancer cells (prostate cancer bone metastatic line C4-2B and osteosarcoma line MG-63) on these matrices for use in cancer killing studies. Data indicate that while cells attach to plates coated with collagen approximately 4X more efficiently than they initially do to electrospun membranes, by day 5 there are 4-5X more cells growing on the scaffolds. MG-63 and C4-2B cells both migrate through the depth of the electrospun membrane and by day 5 confocal images show cell processes extending throughout the membrane. C4-2B cells begin to form small colonies resembling tumors by day 5. Cells on electrospun collagen are more resistant to killing by all agents tested to date including camptothecin, rapamycin, and docetaxel than are their counterparts on collagen coated plastic. We conclude that 3-D electrospun membranes are amenable to high throughput drug screening for cancer cell susceptibility and combination killing.
Relationship between growth and illness, enteropathogens and dietary intakes in the first 2 years of life: findings from the MAL-ED birth cohort study

Background Dietary and illness factors affect risk of growth faltering; the role of enteropathogens is less clear. As part of the Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) study, we quantify the effects of enteropathogen infection, diarrhoea and diet on child growth. Methods Newborns were enrolled and followed until 24 months. Length and weight were assessed monthly. Illnesses and breastfeeding practices were documented biweekly; from 9 to 24 months, non-breast milk intakes were quantified monthly. Routinely collected non-diarrhoeal stools were analysed for a broad array of enteropathogens. A linear piecewise spline model was used to quantify associations of each factor with growth velocity in seven of eight MAL-ED sites; cumulative effects on attained size at 24 months were estimated for mean, low (10th percentile) and high (90th percentile) exposure levels. Additionally, the six most prevalent enteropathogens were evaluated for their effects on growth. Results Diarrhoea did not have a statistically significant effect on growth. Children with high enteropathogen exposure were estimated to be 1.21±0.33 cm (p Campylobacter and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli detections were associated with deficits of 0.83±0.33 and 0.85±0.31 cm in length (p=0.011 and 0.001) and 0.22±0.15 and 0.09±0.14 kg in weight (p=0.14 and 0.52), respectively. Children with low energy intakes and protein density were estimated to be 1.39±0.33 cm (p Conclusions Reducing enteropathogen burden and improving energy and protein density of complementary foods could reduce stunting.
Worry About Deportation and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Adult Women: The Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas Study.

Background:U.S. Latinos report high levels of concern about deportation for themselves or others. No previous research has tested the link between worry about deportation and clinical measures of cardiovascular risk. Purpose:We estimate the associations between worry about deportation and clinically measured cardiovascular risk factors. Methods:Data come from the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas study. The analytic sample includes 545 Mexican-origin women. Results:In multivariable models, reporting a lot of worry about deportation was significantly associated with greater body mass index, greater risk of obesity, larger waist circumference, and higher pulse pressure. Reporting moderate deportation worry was significantly associated with greater risk of overweight and higher systolic blood pressure. Significant associations between worry about deportation and greater body mass index, waist circumference, and pulse pressure, respectively, held after correcting for multiple testing at p < .05. Conclusions:Worry about deportation may be an important cardiovascular risk factor for ethnic minority populations in the USA.
Using aptamers to study protein-protein interactions

The emerging science of systems biology focuses on the systematic study of complex interactions inwhole biological systems. A systemic, or integrative, methodology is employed as the chief means ofdiscovering new properties and understanding the aggregate of processes that occur in a biologicalsystem. Accordingly, the Human Genome Project has provided a complete map of genes and resultant proteinscorresponding to their function. Protein–protein interactions are important pieces of this biologicaltapestry, and understanding how they work cooperatively in a cell will result in a better understandingof the whole organism. To accomplish this objective, we report the use of DNA/RNA aptamers as a noveltool for the study and elucidation of protein–protein interactions, both in vivo and in vitro.
Roles for AXL and MERTK in Resistance to Cytotoxic and Targeted Therapies

Abstract AXL and MERTK are members of the TAM family (TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK) of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Ligand binding and subsequent activation of AXL and MERTK in human cancers lead to downstream signaling via pathways that mediate tumor cell survival and proliferation. TAM RTK signaling mediates resistance to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapies across a wide variety of both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic malignancies. Similarly, TAM RTKs are upregulated and mediate bypass signaling in tumor cells with acquired resistance to a variety of different targeted kinase inhibitors. In addition, TAM RTKs can mediate therapeutic resistance through their physiological anti-inflammatory role in the immune system. These roles for AXL and MERTK in therapeutic resistance implicate them as attractive therapeutic targets, both in combination with other agents and in the context of acquired resistance. Accordingly, a number of TAM RTK-targeted agents are currently in development and several have progressed to clinical application, although challenges such as identification of appropriate biomarkers of TAM RTK inhibition remain.
Metabolic Consequences of Sleep Disorders

In parallel with the explosive increase in obesity rates among children, exploration of potential associations between sleep and obesity has been now extensively pursued, particularly in the wake of our increased understanding of sleep and circadian clocks as critical metabolic regulators. In this chapter, I initially examine some of the evidence on such proposed associations. The increase in the prevalence of overweight and obese children is also anticipated to be deleterious to global health outcomes and life expectancy, and among such consequences, it can increase the risk of obstructive sleep apnea, and such issue is therefore critically assessed as well. Since both conditions can be viewed as low-grade inflammatory disorders, coexistence of obesity and sleep apnea could further interact to amplify their putative effects on metabolic regulation.
Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Controversies

The characterization of the Roux-en-y gastric bypass as the “gold standard” for bariatric surgery has been misleading because there is no standard technique employed by the majority of surgeons (1). The laparoscopic gastric bypass has followed in the footsteps of the open approach and varies widely in construction (2, 3, 4, 5, 6). Controversies exist over the ideal methods to maximize outcomes and minimize complications, which are the goals of every surgical procedure. This chapter explores several of the current controversies about the laparoscopic gastric bypass technique.
Régionalisation, identité et normes linguistiques dans une perspective contrastive: Bavière et Québec

Since 1989 the State of Bavaria and the Canadian province of Quebec have established a close and dynamic partnership in the field of science and technology as well as in politics, economy, education and culture. The cooperation rests upon common cultural and historical values that originate from a strong and unique identity both partners claim, granting them a special status within the federal states in which they are embedded. Based on this premise, it is possible to determine a number of analogies and differences in the perception and definition of the languages and dialects spoken in both communities. This comparison in terms of language and identity was focused during a bilateral seminar organised in the province of Quebec in March 2012 by the Chair of Romance linguistics of the University of Augsburg and various institutional and academic partners in Quebec. The project was conceptualized as an interdisciplinary and comparative approach to analyse respectively the role of regional variation as an identity marker, its place in the metalinguistic discourse in the media, its importance in language policies for integration, its protection and promotion as well as its description in lexicography. The article describes and analyses the results of two subprojects carried out by the Bavarian participants of the seminar. By means of a mini-survey conducted on both sides of the Atlantic, we first compare the perception and evaluation of regional linguistic identity as it is displayed by two similarly structured commercial televisions. Secondly we contrast the metalinguistic discourse put forward by a Bavarian language columnist (the so-called chroniqueur de langage) with the discourse of one of his Quebec counterparts, who we were able to interview.
Modeling Modeling: Developing Habits of Mathematical Minds

“It is like gum. You chew gum and use it to freshen up your breath, but in the end, it’s worthless and doesn’t have any nutrition or vitamins. Math is used in school to determine your intelligence, but there is no need for it later.” Unfortunately, this students comment is typical; all too often, students don’t see the connection between mathematics and real-life.
Meningioma and intracranial hemangiopericytoma. A comparative electron microscopic study.

Electron microscopic study of 2 intracranial hemangiopericytomas and 7 meningiomas revealed fundamental morphologic differences between the 2 neoplasms. The most significant finding in hemangiopericytoma was the presence of ultrastructure features suggesting leiomyoblastic differentiation. These included characteristic fusiform intracytoplasmic and submembranous dense bodies, abundant cytoplasmic filaments, elongated cells with blunt-ended nuclei and juxtanuclear polarization of organelles. This observation is considered highly significant as an indicator of the pericytic nature of this tumor. In addition, hemangiopericytoma cells sometimes were arranged in spirals around pools of basement membrane-like material, perhaps a manifestation of the biologic capability of the cells to synthetize such material. Meningioma cells displayed as their main feature an ability to produce surface membrane specializations including interdigitations, desmosomes, zonulae adhaerentes and gap junctions. Sometimes the last 3 elements were linearly juxtaposed forming junctional complexes similar to those seen in certain epithelia. It is suggested that the characteristic whorls of meningioma are the result of cell interconnections arising from the specialized junctional attachments. Thus the distinctive morphology of the 2 neoplasms appears to derive from basic biologic properties of their elements.
Oligometastatic prostate cancer and salvage lymph node dissection: systematic review.

Introduction We provide a comprehensive description of the physio-pathological theories behind oligometastatic prostate cancer (PCa) and analyze modern imaging techniques, presenting a systematic review of the available evidences regarding salvage lymph node dissection (sLND). Evidence acquisition A systematic review was attempted. The PubMed/Medline database was searched for "salvage" AND ("lymph node dissection" OR "lymphadenectomy") AND "prostate" AND "cancer." Only English publications were targeted. Relevant original articles addressing the role of sLND in PCa were selected. Evidence synthesis Biochemical response (BR) was reported in 10-79.5% of the cases overall. These results were not durable and biochemical recurrence occurred in 54.5-93.8% of the cases, within 5 years. Furthermore, 50-80% of patients received some kind of adjuvant treatment right after sLND, regardless post-operative prostate-specific antigen levels. Surgery-related morbidity was low, with a 0-27% incidence of Clavien-Dindo III complications. No sLND-related deaths were observed. Conclusions sLND is not associated with a durable response over time but may postpone HT and its related complications, in selected patients. Although a limited morbidity was reported, sLND remains technically demanding and a careful selection of patients is advisable.
Utility of Tumor Capsule Thickness as a Predictor of Invasion in Encapsulated Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and a Diagnostic Tool for Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm With Papillary-Like Nuclear Features:

Context. Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) is an extremely indolent subset of noninvasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid car...
Limits to Mandatory Child Abuse Reporting

In State v. James-Buhl , 415 P.3d 234 (Wash. 2018), the Washington Supreme Court considered whether a mandatory child abuse reporting law was properly applied to a case of a teacher. Tanya James- Buhl was prosecuted for failure to comply with a statute requiring professional school personnel to
“How do I help this kid adjust to what real life is for them?”: Youth service providers experiences on supporting children with incarcerated parents

Abstract Introduction Over five million youth, or one in every 14 children, in the United States have lived with a parent incarcerated at some time point in their childhood. Research has found strong associations between the exposure of parental incarceration (PI) and a host of negative social, economic, and health outcomes in youth. Multi-level community and family supports for those exposed to PI are encouraged, yet research is limited on the experiences of the youth service providers that would be tasked to help support these youths. Objective The goal of this study was to provide a detailed account and description of the experiences of youth service providers (including teachers, behavioral health specialists, counselors, and youth mentoring personnel) who have worked with children currently or previously exposed to PI. Qualitative data were gathered from 30 providers using semi-structured, in-depth phone interviews. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results Provider experiences working with children exposed to PI were delineated by phase of incarceration of the parent: upon arrest, during incarceration, and upon re-entry into the community. Three primary themes were identified for the child for each phase of incarceration: justice contact needs 2) social and economic needs and 3) communication needs. Conclusion Our results underscore the imperative need for timely and sensitive screening for youth exposure to PI, resource guides on how to communicate and navigate the justice system, and a coordinated hub of social services to support economic and housing stability for the child and/or family. Trauma-informed and trust-building approaches were also important strategies providers used when supporting youths exposed to PI.
Community Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Among Patients With Influenzalike Illnesses Presenting to a Los Angeles Medical Center in March 2020.

This study characterizes the prevalence of reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction results positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among patients presenting with influenzalike illness who underwent nasopharyngeal swab testing for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus over 4 days in March 2020.
User-Exposure-Cancelling Beamforming for Multi-Antenna Systems

Wireless communication systems operating in close proximity to the human body are subject to user electromagnetic absorption regulations. Complying with electromagnetic exposure thresholds will become increasingly difficult as portable devices are equipped with more radios and multiple antennas. Despite these issues, there has been a limited amount of research on the design and analysis of transmission methods incorporating exposure constraints. To address this, we propose a beamforming scheme that leverages existing exposure models for multi-antenna systems to design low-exposure beams which achieve high receive signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We demonstrate that in exposure-constrained systems, our proposed scheme outperforms traditional power reduction methods.
Large-scale versus family-sized system production: economic feasibility of cultivating Kappaphycus alvarezii along the southeastern coast of Brazil

The economic viability of cultivating the seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii, also known by the commercial name “cottonii,” on the southeastern coast of Brazil was evaluated in large-scale production systems with 13 polyvinyl chloride (PVC) rafts containing 11.44 km of tubular and family-size nets with 4 rafts and 3.52 km of nets. Deployment and operating costs and profitability ratios were estimated for three tonnes per raft production scenarios: (A) 4.0 (pessimistic), (B) 4.5 (normal conditions), and (C) 5.0 (optimistic). A sensitivity analysis simulated the loss of one crop among the five proposed growing cycles, as well as the variation in the number of rafts and selling prices for both systems. At a selling price of US$ 120.00 t−1, the 13-raft, four-crop annual large-scale production system was impractical in all proposed productivity scenarios. In the family-size production system, at a selling price of US$ 120.00 t−1, 4 rafts were not economically viable. Only the three scenarios that reached 11 rafts were viable, displaying, respectively, Internal Rates of Return (IRR) of 38.17%, 70.73% and 87.81%, a Payback Period (PP) of 31, 17 and 14 months with a Break-even Point (BP) at 78.41 tons of fresh algae. It is concluded that the activity is only economically viable on a small scale, carried out in a family-sized production system, starting with 11 rafts or 9.68 km of nets, compatible with an area of 2 ha established by the low impact aquaculture legislation in the region.
Association between hourly wages and dietary intake after the first phase of implementation of the Minneapolis minimum wage ordinance.

Objective: In 2018, Minneapolis began phased implementation of an ordinance to increase the local minimum wage to $15/h. We sought to determine whether the first phase of implementation was associated with changes in frequency of consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V), whole-grain-rich foods, and foods high in added sugars among low-wage workers. Design: Natural experiment. Setting: The Wages Study is a prospective cohort study of 974 low-wage workers followed throughout the phased implementation of the ordinance (2018–2022). We used difference-in-difference analysis to compare outcomes among workers in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to those in a comparison city (Raleigh, North Carolina). We assessed wages using participants’ pay stubs and dietary intake using the National Cancer Institute Dietary Screener Questionnaire. Participants: Analyses use the first two waves of Wages data (2018 (baseline), 2019) and includes 267 and 336 low-wage workers in Minneapolis and Raleigh, respectively. Results: After the first phase of implementation, wages increased in both cities, but the increase was $0·84 greater in Minneapolis (P = 0·02). However, the first phase of the policy’s implementation was not associated with changes in daily frequency of consumption of F&V (IRR = 1·03, 95 % CI: 0·86, 1·24, P = 0·73), whole-grain-rich foods (IRR = 1·23, 95 % CI: 0·89, 1·70, P = 0·20), or foods high in added sugars (IRR = 1·13, 95 % CI: 0·86, 1·47, P = 0·38) among workers in Minneapolis compared to Raleigh. Conclusions: The first phase of implementation of the Minneapolis minimum wage policy was associated with increased wages, but not with changes in dietary intake. Future research should examine whether full implementation is associated dietary changes.
The Complexity–Performance Tradeoff in Resource Allocation for URLLC Exploiting Dynamic CSI

The challenging applications envisioned for the future Internet of Things networks are making it urgent to develop fast and scalable resource allocation algorithms able to meet the stringent reliability and latency constraints typical of the ultra-reliable, low-latency communications (URLLCs). However, there is an inherent tradeoff between complexity and performance to be addressed: sophisticated resource allocation methods providing optimized spectrum utilization are challenged by the scale of applications and the concomitant stringent latency constraints. Whether nontrivial resource allocation approaches can be successfully applied in large-scale network instances is still an open question that this article aims to address. More specifically, we consider a scenario in which channel-state information (CSI) is used to improve spectrum allocation in a radio environment that experiences channel time correlation. Channel correlation allows the usage of CSI for longer time before an update, thus lowering the overhead burden. Following this intuition, we propose a dynamic pilot transmission allocation scheme in order to adaptively tune the CSI age. We systematically analyze the improvement of this approach applied to a sophisticated, recently introduced graph-based resource allocation method that we extend here to account for CSI. The results show that even in very dense networks and accounting for the higher computational time of the graph-based approach, this algorithm is able to improve spectrum efficiency by over 12% as compared to a greedy heuristic, and that dynamic pilot transmissions allocation can further boost its performance in terms of fairness, while concomitantly further increase spectrum efficiency of 3%–5%.
The Role of Theory in SLA Empirical Research on the Critical Period Hypothesis

This paper sets out to peruse the role of various theories or more precisely, hypotheses invoked in SLA research by surveying three empirical studies pertaining to the critical period hypothesis in the SLA of phonetics and phonology. In particular, the three studies which will be reviewed in the next section are titled in chronological order as (1) A critical period for learning to pronounce foreign languages? (Flege, 1987); (2) Reexamining the critical period hypothesis: A case study of successful adult SLA in a naturalistic environment. (Ioup et al., 1994); (3) Ultimate attainment in L2 Phonology: The Critical Factors of Age, Motivation, and Instruction (Moyer, 1999).
Questioning Unaccompanied Immigrant Children: Lessons from Developmental Science on Forensic Interviewing

The challenges of dealing with the influx of immigrant children at the United States’ borders are profound. Approximately 5,000 to 10,000 unaccompanied children, including many young adolescents, arrive each month at the southwestern border. To determine whether these children will be given safe haven in the United States, authorities question them about their origins and family background, traveling companions, decision-making competency, history of abuse and violence exposure, and risk of being smuggled and trafficked. In this context, children are at significant risk of reporting their experiences incompletely or inaccurately, which can affect life-altering decisions about their immigration status. Decades of scientific research have demonstrated how to interview children to obtain accurate and complete reports of their experiences, competencies, and attitudes. This evidence highlights the critical need for clear protocols regarding when and how children should be interviewed, including how questions should be phrased. Research also points to the necessity for extensive training of professionals who conduct the interviews.
Comparative and restrictive inequalities

Abstract Inequalities are an important topic in school mathematics, yet the body of research exploring students’ meanings for inequalities largely points to difficulties they experience. Thus, there is a need to further explore students’ meanings for inequalities. Addressing this need, we conducted an exploratory teaching experiment with two seventh-grade students to investigate their developing meanings for inequalities. We distinguish between two types of inequalities in student thinking: comparative and restrictive inequalities. Whereas a student reasoning about a comparative inequality compares two quantities’ values or magnitudes, reasoning about a restrictive inequality entails reasoning about a range of one quantity’s magnitudes or values. We realized a complexity arose in our interactions with students due to our conceiving the use of inequality symbols across the two types of inequalities as polysemous, whereas the students did not. Attending to these two types of inequalities has important implications for the teaching and learning of inequality.
Why the War on Money Laundering Should Be Aborted

Financial cryptographers are heroes, because their efforts both increase the economic well being of most of the world’s peoples, and more importantly, preserve their liberty. I shall explain.
THE UTILIZATION OF PREHOSPITAL 12-LEAD ELECTROCARDIOGRAMS IN THE 200 MOST POPULOUS CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES

(2004). THE UTILIZATION OF PREHOSPITAL 12-LEAD ELECTROCARDIOGRAMS IN THE 200 MOST POPULOUS CITIES IN THE UNITED STATES. Prehospital Emergency Care: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 93-93.