cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Difficulties in Doppler auscultation of cavernous arteries of penis

Thirteen patients with normal nocturnal erections and penile pressures were studied in the flaccid penis by Doppler technique. In eleven, compression of a dorsal penile artery caused occlusion of the pulse wave distally over this vessel and also the disappearance of the presumed pulse of the deep cavernosal artery. It is postulated that in the nonerect penis, blood flow within the corpora may be inadequate to be detected by conventional office Doppler equipment.
The physical properties of NAD-dependent l-fucose dehydrogenase from sheep liver

Abstract Sheep liver l -fucose ( d -arabinose) dehydrogenase has been purified to homogeneity as indicated by polyacrylamide disc-gel electrophoresis and sedimentation velocity ultracentrifugation experiments. The enzyme possesses an apparent molecular weight of 123,000 and is composed of four subunits of molecular weight approximately 30,000. The p I of the enzyme is 5.8. The enzyme is stable at high temperatures, retaining 65% of its original activity after 15 min at 60 °C. High ionic strength (μ = 1.0–1.3) in the assay medium stimulates the enzymatic activity and lowers the pH values at which maximal enzymatic activity is observed.
Personal view: victim blaming as management strategy for the gastroenterologist – a game theoretical approach

Summary Background : A multitude of digestive diseases elude simple management strategies. Rather than admit failure of disease management, a gastroenterologist could resort to blaming patients for their own medical conditions. Blaming the patient constitutes an easy exit strategy for otherwise unsolvable disease conditions. Aim : To shed light on the problem of patient blaming in gastroenterology and provide means for its resolution. Methods : The interaction between physician and patient can be formulated in terms of a non-zero-sum game between two adversaries. The outcomes associated with two behavioural strategies available to both adversaries are arranged in a two-by-two game matrix. Results : Blaming the patient is characterized by the general game pattern of the ‘prisoner's dilemma’. If the physician–patient interaction is restricted to one single event, patient blaming represents the management strategy of choice with the highest expected payoff under all foreseeable circumstances. If there is a high probability for repeated physician–patient interactions, however, a physician admitting and a patient accepting the limits of medical performance yield a dominant strategy. Conclusion : Only for single physician–patient encounters does a non-cooperative strategy of blaming one's adversary for a poor medical outcome yield the highest expected outcome. In the long run, the strategy of shifting blame becomes unproductive for both sides alike.
A systems biology approach to synovial joint lubrication in health, injury, and disease.

The synovial joint contains synovial fluid (SF) within a cavity bounded by articular cartilage and synovium. SF is a viscous fluid that has lubrication, metabolic, and regulatory functions within synovial joints. SF contains lubricant molecules, including proteoglycan-4 and hyaluronan. SF is an ultrafiltrate of plasma with secreted contributions from cell populations lining and within the synovial joint space, including chondrocytes and synoviocytes. Maintenance of normal SF lubricant composition and function are important for joint homeostasis. In osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and joint injury, changes in lubricant composition and function accompany alterations in the cytokine and growth factor environment and increased fluid and molecular transport through joint tissues. Thus, understanding the synovial joint lubrication system requires a multifaceted study of the various parts of the synovial joint and their interactions. Systems biology approaches at multiple scales are being used to describe the molecular, cellular, and tissue components and their interactions that comprise the functioning synovial joint. Analyses of the transcriptome and proteome of SF, cartilage, and synovium suggest that particular molecules and pathways play important roles in joint homeostasis and disease. Such information may be integrated with physicochemical tissue descriptions to construct integrative models of the synovial joint that ultimately may explain maintenance of health, recovery from injury, or development and progression of arthritis. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2012, 4:15–37. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.157 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website
STATISTICAL METHODS IN AI: RARE EVENT LEARNING USING ASSOCIATIVE RULES AND HIGHER-ORDER STATISTICS

Rare event learning has not been actively researched since lately due to the unavailability of algorithms which deal with big samples. The research addresses spatio-temporal streams from multi-resolution sensors to find actionable items from a perspective of real-time algorithms. This computing framework is independent of the number of input samples, application domain, labelled or label-less streams. A sampling overlap algorithm such as Brooks-Iyengar is used for dealing with noisy sensor streams. We extend the existing noise pre-processing algorithms using Data-Cleaning trees. Pre-processing using ensemble of trees using bagging and multi-target regression showed robustness to random noise and missing data. As spatio-temporal streams are highly statistically correlated, we prove that a temporal window based sampling from sensor data streams converges after n samples using Hoeffding bounds. Which can be used for fast prediction of new samples in real-time. The Data-cleaning tree model uses a nonparametric node splitting technique, which can be learned in an iterative way which scales linearly in memory consumption for any size input stream. The improved task based ensemble extraction is compared with non-linear computation models using various SVM kernels for speed and accuracy. We show using empirical datasets the explicit rule learning computation is linear in time and is only dependent on the number of leafs present in the tree ensemble. The use of unpruned trees ( t ) in our proposed ensemble always yields minimum number ( m ) of leafs keeping pre-processing computation to n × t log m compared to N 2 for Gram Matrix. We also show that the task based feature induction yields higher Qualify of Data (QoD) in the feature space compared to kernel methods using Gram Matrix.
Some identities for terminating q-series

We present the following sequence of polynomial identities: is the Gaussian polynomial denned to be zero for m N, one for m = 0 or N and
Assembling colloidal devices by controlling interparticle forces

In recent years the concept of "colloidal devices" has emerged. These include colloidal crystals with photonics properties, as well as displays, machines, and other assemblies having a particular purpose. The assembly of colloidal devices, or even simpler assemblies, can proceed with top-down approaches, applied fields, bottom-up approaches, or combinations of these. Bottom-up assembly, in which the particles have "colloidal force information" encoded chemically on their surfaces and interiors, appears to be especially suited for larger-scale production. The encoded information directs how the particles assemble and function, and a simple example is a colloidal crystal that has purely repulsive forces between all the particles. A richer assembly process can occur with site-specific chemistry, which sometimes occurs naturally on particles, such as when a particle has two different crystal faces. And in recent years, researchers have developed techniques for intentionally placing site-specific chemistry on particles, enabling assembly to proceed through localized electrostatic, van der Waals, depletion, hydrophobic, and receptor-ligand forces. Site-specific colloidal forces are useful in effecting colloidal and nanocolloidal assembly for state-of-the-art and future structures and devices.
Newer agents in antiplatelet therapy: a review.

Antiplatelet therapy remains the mainstay in preventing aberrant platelet activation in pathophysiological conditions such as myocardial infarction, ischemia, and stroke. Although there has been significant advancement in antiplatelet therapeutic approaches, aspirin still remains the gold standard treatment in the clinical setting. Limitations in safety, efficacy, and tolerability have precluded many of the antiplatelet inhibitors from use in patients. Unforeseen incidences of increased bleeding risk and recurrent arterial thrombosis observed in patients have hampered the development of superior next generation antiplatelet therapies. The phar- macokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles have also limited the effectiveness of a number of antiplatelet inhibitors currently in use due to variability in metabolism, time to onset, and reversibility. A focused effort in the development of newer antiplatelet therapies to address some of these shortcomings has resulted in a significant number of potential antiplatelet drugs which target enzymes (phosphodiesterase, cyclooxygenase), receptors (purinergic, prostaglandins, protease-activated receptors, thromboxane), and glycoproteins (αIIbβ3, GPVI, vWF, GPIb) in the platelet. The validation and search for newer antiplatelet therapeutic approaches proven to be superior to aspirin is still ongoing and should yield a better pharmacodynamic profile with fewer untoward side-effects to what is currently in use today.
Fluid to particle convective heat transfer coefficient in a horizontal scraped surface heat exchanger determined from relative velocity measurement

Liquid-to-particle convective heat transfer coefficient (h fp ) between fluid and particle was investigated in continuous flow through a horizontal scraped surface heat exchanger. The relative velocities between fluid and particle were measured, and h fp calculated from well known correlations. Heat transfer coefficients increased with increasing flow rate, rotational speed, and decreased with increasing carrier medium viscosity and particle size. The measured relative velocities during flow visualization studies ranged from 0.04 to 0.29 m/s with corresponding h fp values of 597 W/m 2 °K and 1975 W/m 2° K, respectively. Even with the most conservative correlation, Nusselt numbers ranged from 12.1 to 49. 7; significantly greater than the value of 2.0 for a sphere in a stagnant fluid.
Improved stimuli-response and mechanical properties of nanostructured poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-dimethylsiloxane) hydrogels generated through photopolymerization in lyotropic liquid crystal templates

Temperature-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogels are widely studied stimuli-responsive systems due to their significant volume changes at biologically relevant temperatures and a potential wide range of applications including drug delivery, cell cultures, chemical sensors, and desalination. The successful performance of PNIPAM gels often requires a rapid response rate with a significant degree of deswelling when heated above the lower critical solution temperature. However, it is often difficult to design PNIPAM hydrogels with appropriate mechanical strength for the gels to remain functional in a working environment. Herein, lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) are utilized to generate a hexagonal nanostructure in PNIPAM hydrogels in order to improve material properties and transport characteristics. Cross-linked methacrylated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) was incorporated into PNIPAM gels at varying concentrations through photopolymerization in the hexagonal LLC phase in order to modulate mechanical properties. The hexagonal LLC nanostructure dramatically increases the hydrogel deswelling rate compared to traditional isotropic PNIPAM–PDMS hydrogels of the same chemical composition. Additionally, the ordered LLC structure allows for considerable incorporation of PDMS into the hydrogel without significantly decreasing the water content of the gels. Interestingly, the hexagonal nanostructured hydrogels exhibit similar compressive moduli compared to isotropic hydrogel controls despite having considerably higher water content. These results may be utilized to generate stimuli-sensitive hydrogels with an appropriate rate and degree of deswelling while maintaining necessary mechanical integrity of the gel for use in numerous biomedical and industrial applications.
Help With “Strings Attached”: Offspring Perceptions That Middle-Aged Parents Offer Conflicted Support

Objectives. Middle-aged adults often provide beneficial support to grown children. Yet, in some relationships, grown children may feel beholden or intruded upon when they receive parental help. The purpose of this study was to examine such conflicted support in relationships between middle-aged parents and young adults.
Multimedia and security demo at IEEE Multimedia Systems '99

Recently security has become one of the most significant problems for spreading new information technology. Digital data can easily be copied and multiplied without information loss. This requires security solutions for such fields as distributed production processes and electronic commerce, since the producers seek to provide access control mechanisms to prevent misuse and theft of material. The demo presents security solutions for multimedia systems and multimedia material in the digital environment to ensure copyright protection and authentication of origin.
Fast moving target detection in sea clutter using non-coherent X-band radar

The effect of antenna rotation speed on detecting a fast moving target in sea clutter using a non-coherent X-band radar is studied. The scan-to scan integration is applied using the sigma S6 radar processor. A helicopter (HELO) is used as a fast moving target by mimicking a landing approach to an offshore platform. The radar data was recorded using two X-band radars with horizontal polarized antennas. The two radars were installed on a mobile platform to record the data simultaneously at Cape Spear, Newfoundland. The experimental results show the performance of scan-to-scan integration process at two antenna rotation speeds for a fast moving target.
Cervical Cancer Detection Using SVM Based Feature Screening

We present a novel feature screening algorithm by deriving relevance measures from the decision boundary of Support Vector Machines. It alleviates the “independence” assumption of traditional screening methods, e.g. those based on Information Gain and Augmented Variance Ratio, without sacrificing computational efficiency. We applied the proposed method to a bottom-up approach for automatic cervical cancer detection in multispectral microscopic thin PAP smear images. An initial set of around 4,000 multispectral texture features is effectively reduced to a computationally manageable size. The experimental results show significant improvements in pixel-level classification accuracy compared to traditional screening methods.
Routing a fleet of M vehicles to/from a central facility

In a previous paper, algorithms for optimally routing a single vehicle were presented. In this paper, the problem of routing a fleet of M vehicles serving fixed demand for transportation from many origins to a single destination is considered. The M vehicle General Routing Problem (abbreviated M-GRP) is the core of many real routing problems, such as school bus routing for a single school (many-to-one) and garbage truck routing to a central dump. It is shown that the M-GRP on a given graph is equivalent to a GRP on a modified graph. From this result, it is shown that single vehicle routing algorithms can be applied to the M vehicle routing problem.
MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY FACTORS IN KEY DEER (ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS CLAVIUM)

The population health of endangered Key deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium) was monitored from 10 February 1986 to 28 September 2000 by necropsy of animals that were killed by vehicles, euthanized because of terminal injuries or disease conditions, or found dead. The predominant mortality factor during the period was collision with motor vehicles; however, several infectious diseases were diagnosed, including infections with Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Haemonchus contortus, Salmonella spp., and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. During the period monitored, the only infectious disease that was thought to have affected population dynamics was haemonchosis. Nevertheless, several of the observed diseases have potential to impact viability of the Key deer population under appropriate environmental conditions.
Effect of the electric field on the apparent mobility of large DNA fragments in agarose gels

The electrophoresis of a series of DNA fragments ranging in size from 0.5 to 12 kilobase pairs, has been studied as a function of agarose gel concentration and electric field strength. The apparent mobility of all fragments decreased with decreasing electric field strength and with increasing gel concentration. When extrapolated to zero electric field strength and zero agarose concentration, the apparent mobility of all DNA fragments extrapolated to a common value (2.0 ± 0.1) × 10−4 cm2/V s. The square roots of the retardation coefficients of the various fragments were found to be linearly related to the root-mean-square radii of gyration of the fragments, as predicted by pore-size distribution theory. As predicted by reptation theory, the molecular weights of the various fragments were found to be linearly related to the reciprocal of the apparent mobilities. An equation is given for estimating the apparent pore size of agarose gels between 0.25 and 1.5% in concentration.
Pathogenesis of Membranous Nephropathy

Membraneous nephropathy is the most common cause of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in adults. Recent studies of the pathogenesis of the subepithelial glomerular immune deposits that characterize this disease have revealed new mechanisms of glomerular immune deposit formation involving cell surface antigens and have documented the role of the C5b-9 membrane attack complex of complement in mediating renal injury. Understanding these mechanisms may help us understand the pathogenesis of several other immune-mediated diseases and has implications for possible therapeutic interventions in MN.
My soul is in Haiti: protestantism in the Haitian diaspora of the Bahamas

Dr Bertin M. Louis Jr has just offered to the world of intelligentsia a remarkable book on the culture of Haitian Protestantism in the Haitian diaspora of the Bahamas. It is, without a doubt, a roa...
Improving AMBER, an MT Evaluation Metric

A recent paper described a new machine translation evaluation metric, AMBER. This paper describes two changes to AMBER. The first one is incorporation of a new ordering penalty; the second one is the use of the downhill simplex algorithm to tune the weights for the components of AMBER. We tested the impact of the two changes, using data from the WMT metrics task. Each of the changes by itself improved the performance of AMBER, and the two together yielded even greater improvement, which in some cases was more than additive. The new version of AMBER clearly outperforms BLEU in terms of correlation with human judgment.
Energy-dependent structure in /sup 28/Si + /sup 28/Si scattering

Data for $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$+$^{28}\mathrm{Si}$ elastic and inelastic scattering are presented for a range of bombarding energies from 80 to 150 MeV. The experimental results show strong evidence for resonancelike effects similar to those seen in light systems. The inelastic data suggest the dominance of multistep processes.
Konstante der potentiellen Energie und mittlere Schwingungsamplituden einiger quadratischer ebener Komplexe des Palladiums, Platins und Goldes

Es wird eine kurze Beschreibung der Schwingungs- und Strukturanalyse einiger Komplexe des Palladiums, Platins und Goldes, wie z. B. PdCl12−, PdBr42−, PtCl42−, PtBr12−, AuCl1−, Aubr4− und AuJ4− gegeben. Diese besitzen eine quadratische, ebene und symmetrische Struktur der Symmetriepunktgruppe D4h. Mit Hilfe gruppentheoretischer Betrachtungen wurden unter Verwendung der Ergebnisse neuerer Untersuchungen uber die betreffenden Schwingungen und eines Valenzkraftfeldes mit 7 Konstanten die Konstanten der potentiellen Energie abgeschatzt. Fur die Temperaturen 298° K und 500° K wurden die mittleren Amplitudenquadrat-Grosen und die mittleren Schwingungsamplituden berechnet. Die Ergebnisse werden vom Gesichtspunkt der chemischen Bedeutung der charakteristischen Bindungen dieser Ionen aus besprochen.
Hypersomnia caused by upper airway obstructions: a new syndrome in otolaryngology.

A new cause for excessive sleepiness during the day is gradually emerging from 24-hour polygraph sleep studies: intermittent upper airway obstruction which is usually hypopharyngeal but can also be nasal in origin. Three such cases are described. One was cured by a permanent tracheotomy and another by a submucous resection.
Development of the mechanical suture and comparison with the manual suture in surgery

Mechanical sutures in surgery were first used in 1908 by Hultl. Since then they have found a large field of application in thoracic and abdominal surgery because of their ease in handling and consequent reduction of duration of operation, as well as reduction of contamination from hollow organs. Safety, diminished tissue trauma and early function of anastomotic continuity are other advantages that recommend the use of staplers over hand sutures.
Intent Recognition for Human–Robot Interaction

Abstract For robots to operate in social environments, they must be able to recognize human intentions. In the context of social robotics, intent recognition must rely on imperfect sensors, such as depth cameras, and must operate in real time. This chapter introduces several approaches for recognizing intentions by physical robots. We show how such systems can use sensors, such as the Microsoft Kinect, as well as temporal and contextual information obtained from resources such as Wikipedia.
Prof. Rhoton: Master and Mentor.

It is with great sorrow, but profound gratitude that I write thesewords in remembrance of Prof. Albert L. Rhoton Jr. Using his own expression, not in my wildest dreams I could have imagined working closely with him, one of the greatest medical souls that have ever lived. I had the unique privilege of spending two extraordinary years in his laboratory, and here, a decade later, I would like to illustrate what it was like and what it meant to be his fellow. Prof. Rhoton established his microneuroanatomy laboratory at Mayo Clinic in the late 1960s, as he would say “not to write a paper, but to improve the life ofmy patients.” In 1974, he created his microsurgery education center at the University of Florida, with a missionary leitmotiv: “Every Second of Every Day,” he wanted to train and teach enough surgeons in microsurgical neuroanatomy and techniques so that there would be someone having surgery during every second of every day that was being made better because of his influence (►Fig. 1). After 42 years with more than 100 fellows, more than 500 scientific articles, and thousands of lectures later, there is no question he has accomplished that goal: patients all over theworldwill continue benefiting from Prof. Rhoton’s work forever. When I started training in Prof. Rhoton’s laboratory in 2005, he was a living legend, the father of microsurgical neuroanatomy, and mentor for many world-class neurosurgeons (►Fig. 2). I remember vividly the initial meeting in his office to discuss the goals for my fellowship, and there I felt for the first time his magic aura of love and kindness that would irradiate and comfort everyone around—like the giant oak that gives shadow and protects from the bright sun. “Other than working in the lab, you may want to visit Florida’s coast and Disneyworldwith your wife,” he saidwith that smile that would illuminate your soul. We had sold everything we had back in Spain to fund our stay and work in Prof. Rhoton’s laboratory looking for microsurgical training and anatomical knowledge, and we found so much more. Since then, every single second we spent with him and his family was unique and special. All fellows and families particularly enjoyed those pizza parties at Rhoton’s that Mrs. Joyce Rhoton organized to celebrate every fellow graduation (►Fig. 3). Dr. Rhoton was a devoted family man and he tremendously enjoyed being around and playing with children (►Fig. 4). Joyce, his wife for 58 years, is the great woman behind the great man. Her dedication and support, always by his side, is a key aspect of Prof. Rhoton’s successful biography (►Fig. 5). The working philosophy in the laboratory was defined by Prof. Rhoton’s description of the brain as the crown jewel of creation and his quest for beauty and perfection. I attended my first days in the laboratory observing with astonishment the exquisite dissections that the fellows were performing. I found out then that those extremely beautiful and unreal
Assessing strategies for increasing urban routine immunization coverage of childhood vaccines in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature.

Abstract Introduction Immunization programs in developing countries increasingly face challenges to ensure equitable delivery of services within cities where rapid urban growth can result in informal settlements, poor living conditions, and heterogeneous populations. A number of strategies have been utilized in developing countries to ensure high community demand and equitable availability of urban immunization services; however, a synthesis of the literature on these strategies has not previously been undertaken. Methods We reviewed articles published in English in peer-reviewed journals between 1990 and 2013 that assessed interventions for improving routine immunization coverage in urban areas in low- and middle-income countries. We categorized the intervention in each study into one of three groups: (1) interventions aiming to increase utilization of immunization services; (2) interventions aiming to improve availability of immunization services by healthcare providers, or (3) combined availability and utilization interventions. We summarized the main quantitative outcomes from each study and effective practices from each intervention category. Results Fifteen studies were identified; 87% from the African, Eastern Mediterranean and Southeast Asian regions of the World Health Organization (WHO). Six studies were randomized controlled trials, eight were pre- and post-intervention evaluations, and one was a cross-sectional study. Four described interventions designed to improve availability of routine immunization services, six studies described interventions that aimed to increase utilization, and five studies aiming to improve both availability and utilization of services. All studies reported positive change in their primary outcome indicator, although seven different primary outcomes indicators were used across studies. Studies varied considerably with respect to the type of intervention assessed, study design, and length of intervention assessment. Conclusion Few studies have assessed interventions designed explicitly for the unique challenges facing immunization programs in urban areas. Further research on sustainability, scalability, and cost-effectiveness of interventions is needed to fill this gap.
ROCker: accurate detection and quantification of target genes in short-read metagenomic data sets by modeling sliding-window bitscores

Functional annotation of metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data sets relies on similarity searches based on e-value thresholds resulting in an unknown number of false positive and negative matches. To overcome these limitations, we introduce ROCker, aimed at identifying position-specific, most-discriminant thresholds in sliding windows along the sequence of a target protein, accounting for non-discriminative domains shared by unrelated proteins. ROCker employs the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to minimize false discovery rate (FDR) and calculate the best thresholds based on how simulated shotgun metagenomic reads of known composition map onto well-curated reference protein sequences and thus, differs from HMM profiles and related methods. We showcase ROCker using ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) and nitrous oxide reductase (nosZ) genes, mediating oxidation of ammonia and the reduction of the potent greenhouse gas, N2O, to inert N2, respectively. ROCker typically showed 60-fold lower FDR when compared to the common practice of using fixed e-values. Previously uncounted ‘atypical’ nosZ genes were found to be two times more abundant, on average, than their typical counterparts in most soil metagenomes and the abundance of bacterial amoA was quantified against the highly-related particulate methane monooxygenase (pmoA). Therefore, ROCker can reliably detect and quantify target genes in short-read metagenomes.
Pulse mode readout techniques for use with non-gridded industrial ionization chambers

Highly sensitive readout technique for precision long-term radiation measurements has been developed and tested in the Radiation Control Department at Jefferson Lab. The new electronics design is used to retrieve ionization data in a pulse mode. The dedicated data acquisition system works with M=Audio Audiophile 192 High-Definition 24-bit/192 kHz audio cards, taking data in continuous waveform recording mode. The on-line data processing algorithms extract signals of the ionization events from the data flow and measure the ionization value for each event. Two different ion chambers are evaluated. The first is a Reuter-Stokes Argon-filled (at 25 atm) High Pressure Ionization Chamber (HPIC), commonly used as a detector part in many GE Reuter-Stokes instruments of the RSS series. The second is a VacuTec Model 70181, 5 atm Xenon-filled ionization chamber. Results for both chambers indicate that the techniques allow using industrial ICs for high sensitivity and precision long-term radiation measurements, while at the same time providing information about spectral characteristics of the radiation fields.
Laboratory Evaluation of Workability and Moisture Susceptibility of Warm-Mix Asphalt Mixtures Containing Recycled Asphalt Pavements

AbstractWarm mix asphalt (WMA) and recycled asphalt pavements (RAP) are two popularly used sustainable technologies in pavement industry. Because RAP materials contain aged binder, its use is limit...
Impact of Zeolite Beta on Hydrocarbon Trapping and Light-Off Behavior on Pt/Pd/BEA/Al2O3 Monolith Catalysts

The impact of large-pore zeolite beta (BEA) on the performance of model monolithic Pt/Pd/Al2O3 diesel oxidation catalyst is investigated in terms of hydrocarbon (HC) storage capacity, light-off, and oxidation. Dodecane (C12) is employed as the model HC to elucidate BEA loading impact on catalyst performance during temperature-programmed oxidation of CO and C12 and mixtures in the absence of feed water. A C12 pre-storage experiment protocol quantifies storage at room temperature, the effect of C12 storage on light-off temperature, and the extent of release and conversion of C12. The temperature ramp experiments indicate a negligible impact of the zeolite on the individual reactant (CO and C12) light-offs. Co-feed experiments (HC + CO simultaneous feed) reveal light-off inhibition by CO and C12 in addition to that by pre-stored C12. This trend is consistent for all zeolite loading levels. During both co-feed and C12 pre-storage experiments, an intermediate zeolite loading results in a decreased CO light-off temperature when compared to the zeolite-free catalyst. This beneficial effect is attributed to the zeolite providing alternative storage sites for the HC, thereby mitigating the inhibition on the CO light-off by freeing up precious metal sites for CO oxidation. However, the highest zeolite loading catalyst has an increased CO light-off temperature in C12 pre-storage experiments compared to the catalyst with intermediate loading. This trend reversal is attributed to the kinetic and/or transport inhibitory effect of stored C12 which overcomes the enhancement at lower loadings. The data indicate that the highest zeolite loading yields the highest percentage of stored C12 converted to CO2, a finding relevant for HC trap catalyst design. The study findings suggest a need to optimize the zeolite loading for the desired operating conditions to achieve desired light-off and HC trapping and conversion. The impact of feed water will be investigated in future work to evaluate the generality of these findings.
Pet Imaging and its Application in Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide and represent a great challenge for modern research and medicine. Despite advances in preventing and treating CVD over the decades, there remains an urgent need to develop sensitive and safe methods for early detection and personalized treatment. With refinements of molecular imaging technologies such as positron emission tomography (PET), noninvasive imaging of CVDs is experiencing impressive progress in both preclinical and clinical settings. In this review, we summarize advances in cardiovascular PET imaging, highlight the latest development of CVD imaging probes, and illustrate the potential for individualized therapy based on metabolic phenotype.
Employed Parents of Children with Disabilities and Work Family Life Balance: A Literature Review.

Work family balance (WFB) is an individual’s perception of the fit between work and family roles. Among employed parents of typically developing children WFB has been demonstrated to impact work functioning and physical and psychological health. Emerging from this mature field of research are examinations of WFB among parents of children with disabilities. Our objective was to identify research to conduct a review and examine the expectation that individual and organizational factors impact WFB among employed parents of children with disabilities. Also, we identify existing research gaps in the literature, discuss how existing policies may need to be altered to better assist employed parents of children with disabilities, and identify ways practitioners can better assist these families. We searched PsycInfo, EBSCO Host Web, and Proquest Central for English-language articles and dissertations. To obtain additional studies, we searched identified studies’ reference lists. We used the same databases to search for studies published by authors who have already published on WFB among parents of children with disabilities. Fifty-four studies examining WFB among employed parents of children with disabilities were identified. Individual factors that had an impact on WFB were child age, number of children, childcare availability, relationship status, perception of one’s work role, and type and severity of the child’s disability. Organizational factors that had an impact on WFB were supervisory support, workplace policies, and organizational culture. The extant research of WFB among employed parents of children with disabilities indicates that numerous variables impact these individuals’ WFB.
Shoulder arthroplasty following gastric bypass, do complications follow?

Previous reports have shown an increased risk of complications after arthroplasty in the obese population. It remains unclear if gastric bypass surgery prior to shoulder arthroplasty modifies the complication and failure rate. The purpose of this study is to assess the complication and re-operation rates following shoulder arthroplasty in this population. Between 2002 and 2012, 39 shoulders with prior gastric bypass underwent shoulder arthroplasty (3 HA, 16 TSA, 20 RSA). The mean time from the gastric bypass to arthroplasty was 13 years (range, 0.7–32). Shoulders were followed for a minimum of two years (mean, 3.8 years) or until re-operation. Outcome measures included pain, range of motion, satisfaction, modified Neer ratings, and ASES scores. Complications occurred in seven shoulders (18%), with five requiring re-operation. There was no common failure mechanism. Re-operations occurred for aseptic glenoid loosening, periprosthetic fracture, and unexplained pain. Those shoulders with complications were similar to those without in regard to age, sex, and BMI. Complications were more common following anatomic arthroplasty compared to reverse arthroplasty (5 vs 1, p = 0.06); however, complications were not improved compared to historical controls with morbid obesity. Overall, pain improved significantly from 4.8 pre-operatively to 2.3 postoperatively (p < 0.001). All groups, regardless of arthroplasty type, demonstrated significant improvements in forward elevation and external rotation. Gastric bypass surgery prior to shoulder arthroplasty leads to clinical improvement in both pain and range of motion. Prior gastric bypass surgery does not result in a lower surgical complication rate compared to previously published reports in the morbidly obese population. Level of Evidence: Level 4, case series.
Establishing an e-Learning Division

Establishing an e-learning division can be a daunting task. In this chapter the authors offer a comprehensive overview of the steps needed to create an e-learning division that is financially viable and student-centered. Through a series of guiding questions, the authors provide information that e-learning leaders need to know about the campus culture regarding e-learning, the pros and cons of centralized versus decentralized structures, various models for connecting an e-learning division to the larger institutional structure, and e-learning policies. The authors also share information about potential budget models, incentives, models for course and program design, considerations regarding promotion and marketing, and how to structure student services. The chapter ends with some considerations for creating buy-in across stakeholder groups. Throughout this chapter, readers will be exposed to the breadth of issues that need to be considered when designing e-learning initiatives, programs, and degrees.
Surgery of Tuberculum Sellae Meningioma: A Technical Purview on Pterional Approach.

Objective Amidst the raging debate between transnasal and transcranial approaches, the critical factor that dictates success lies in the meticulous dissection of the tumor from the optic apparatus, anterior communicating artery complex, and the pituitary stalk. In this surgical video, we describe the resection of a tuberculum sellae meningioma through the pterional approach highlighting dissection through the appropriate arachnoidal plane. Case Description The patient is a 75-year-old female who presented with optic nerve compression with bitemporal hemianopia and endocrine function abnormalities. A transcranial approach was done to effectively decompress the optic nerve. The video includes a detailed discussion on the surgical techniques including working between the different surgical corridors, working in the arachnoid plane to dissect the neurovascular structures away from the tumor, identification, and preservation of pituitary stalk. Postoperatively, the patient's visual field deficit improved with a remaining isolated right temporal field defect at 2 months follow-up. Her endocrine function improved after the surgery. Conclusion In the era of endoscopic surgery, transcranial approaches for suprasellar tumors like tuberculum sellae meningiomas still have a distinct surgical role. Our discussion extends to reiterate the strengths and weaknesses of the transcranial approach to this region as compared with the endoscopic approach. We believe decompression of optic nerves, separation of Acom complex from the tumor, and preservation of pituitary stalk are better achieved through a transcranial approach. The link to the video can be found at : https://youtu.be/kw5eP3oUd6Q .
Shifting baselines, marine reserves, and Leopold’s Biotic Ethic.

Different human expectations and environmental ethics are key factors preventing the creation of marine reserve networks. People are skeptical about the benefits of no-take marine reserves because they have adjusted to scarcity and have low expectations about the productive capability of marine ecosystems. Pauly (1995) described this as a shifting baseline in which each generation sets its expectations based on its direct experiences and discounts experiences of previous generations. I show evidence of a declining Caribbean baseline based on Nassau grouper landings from Cuba and the U.S., and review common and often conflicting types of conservation ethics existing in North America. No-take marine reserves can help reestablish human expectations about resource productivity by restoring past conditions in places. Leopold’s biotic ethic provides a framework for achieving sustainable resource use based on laws of ecology and human self-interest. Because changing expectations usually requires direct local experience, education, and changes in conservation ethics, implementing successful marine reserve networks will probably be a slow, incremental process. Establishing no-take reserves can help restore human expectations and provide a common basis for conservation by providing a window to the past and a vision for the future. over scarcity and inherent conflicts between different conservation ethics.
How Prior Social Ecologies Shape Family Resilience Amongst Refugees in U.S. Resettlement

Refugee families bring with them family resources and strengths that can contribute to family resilience in the resettlement context. However, there is a need for inquiry and theory development concerning family resilience given the complexities posed by social, economic, and cultural transitions. This exploration of family resilience in refugee resettlement is based on research findings from an ethnographic study of 73 Liberian and Burundian refugee adolescents and their families in U.S. resettlement. The analysis found that overall, family resilience in resettlement has been shaped significantly by the refugee families’ prior living places, including those of their home country prewar and internment in the refugee camp. The majority of the family resilience processes seen in resettlement represent modifications of previously existing resilience processes, such as finding or building new churches, finding a living place like a refugee camp, and sharing parenting responsibilities with other parents. Several new family resilience processes were identified, such as learning to be more active parents, moving out of the city to find lower rent, and allowing wives and adolescents increased autonomy. Program leaders and policymakers should respond by developing resilience-based initiatives that better facilitate the modification of existing family resilience processes or the emergence of new processes.
MOLECULAR CLONING AND REGULATION OF THE MAMMALIAN 28,000 Mr VITAMIN D-DEPENDENT CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEIN (CALBINDIN D28k)

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the development of a cDNA probe to the mammalian 28,000 Mr calcium-binding protein (CaBP), which has enabled us to study molecular level changes in CaBP in both rat and human tissues for the first time. CaBP is in a position to regulate the levels of free calcium throughout the neuron. For vitamin D deficient rats, weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats from vitamin D-deficient mothers were purchased from Holtzman, Co. and raised for 4 weeks on a vitamin D-deficient diet. A cDNA to mammalian calbindin D28K has been cloned by direct immunological screening of a λgt-11mouse cerebellar cDNA library. An increase in renal CaBP mRNA is apparent by 1–3 h after hormone treatment followed by a rapid rise in CaBP mRNA. A study of the expression of CaBP mRNA during development indicated that CaBP mRNA in both kidney and brain is present prior to birth but is developmental1y regulated in a tissue specific manner. Recently, a rat Hae III genomic library has been screened using the 1.2 kb CaBP cDNA and two overlapping clones have been isolated and are currently being analyzed.
The Effects of Social Class on Perceptions of Job Applicants’ Suitability for Employment

With a shrinking middle-class population, and an increasing economic divide between the haves and haves not, social class within the United States has become an important topic of conversation in t...
Converting Food Processing Wastes into Food or Feed Through Microbial Fermentation

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the conversion of food processing wastes into food or feed through microbial fermentation. At present, there have been increasing efforts by industries, businesses, governments, and consumers to recycle traditional waste products. The food industry has not been immune to pressures for adequate resource management. In addition to the concept of total resource use, various other factors in recent years have focused on the advantages of reusing food wastes. Subsequently, the food industry is faced with selecting other methods for waste treatment in an effort to comply with federal requirements. As food industries will continually be expected to reduce pollutants in the environment, they must consider conservation, recovery, and reuse as essentials for total resource management. Food wastes contain a variety of nutrients that can be recovered for food or feed products. The nutrients that can be recovered from wastes fall into two general categories: wastes that can be recovered by chemical or physical means and wastes that can be biologically converted to new commodities. Most generated food wastes are not suitable for human food or animal feed in their natural state, some type of further processing is necessary.
Outcomes following open reduction for late-presenting developmental dysplasia of the hip

Abstract Purpose Patients with late-presenting developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) are more likely to require an open reduction. Since many developing countries do not have mandated screening,...
! Chévere! Text-Based Twitter Patterns from Venezuelan Food Shortages

Social media data from countries having challenges to free speech is a reliable form of journalism. An analysis is conducted to examine the social media response to the Venezuelan food shortages. Over 37,000 filtered Spanish tweets from the city of Caracas, Venezuela were used to observe reactions within each of the city’s five municipalities. The number of tweets from December 2014 to October 2016 (23 months) is compared to the top trending tweet from July 19, 2017. Machine learning techniques show that certain tweets may be linked to a municipality within a 10 km radius. Tweet volume over almost two years indicates the significance of the shortages among the Venezuelan people engaged in the event.
Health risk behaviors, violence exposure, and current asthma among adolescents in the United States

Background Asthma may worsen during adolescence, due to both health risk behaviors and psychosocial stressors commonly encountered during this life stage. Methods Cross-sectional study of 24 612 high school students who participated in the 2009 and 2011 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relation between self-reported health risk behaviors or psychosocial stressors and current asthma. Mediation analysis was performed to assess whether depressive symptoms or suicidal behavior contribute to the link between psychosocial stressors and asthma. Results Current asthma was reported by 13.1% of the study participants. In a multivariable analysis, female sex, obesity, shorter sleep duration, frequent soda/pop consumption, and marijuana use were each significantly associated with 14-36% increased odds of asthma. Any violent behavior (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02-1.24), any victimization (OR = 1.43, 95%CI = 1.29-1.58), any suicidal behavior (OR = 1.41, 95%CI = 1.22-1.64) and having felt sad or hopeless in the past year (OR = 1.57, 95%CI = 1.40-1.75) were each associated with current asthma. In a mediation analyses, having felt sad/hopeless and suicidal behaviors accounted for 21% and 14%, respectively, of the victimization-asthma association. Conclusion Potentially modifiable risk factors, including obesity, short sleep duration, frequent soda/pop consumption, and psychosocial stressors are associated with asthma in US adolescents. Promoting healthier lifestyles, as well as screening for violence exposure and treating depressive symptoms, could help reduce asthma burden in this population.