cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parafoveal identification asymmetry: interactive effects of shape and color.

If two adjacent letters project to the parafoveal region of the retina, both accuracy and discriminability measures have revealed that a letter flanked to its foveal side is identified more accurately than a letter the same distance from the fovea that is flanked to its peripheral side. This parafoveal identification asymmetry is greater if the letters are dissimilar in shape than if they are similar. Color and brightness were introduced as variables in the present experiments. The identification asymmetry was greatest for dissimilar letters in different (complementary) colors. Although those colors differed also in brightness, two letters that were achromatic but merely different in brightness did not produce an asymmetry interaction with shape. Interletter separation was varied between .15 and 1.95 deg, and the pattern of results just described persisted across both distances. The synergistic interaction of shape relation and color relation in determining the amount of identification asymmetry suggests that color and shape affect perceptual processing at the same level.
Book Review: Clinical Legal Education in Asia. Edited by Shuvro Prosun Sarker

Clinical Legal Education in Asia. Edited by Shuvro Prosun Sarker, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2015, 250 Pp., US$100, ISBN 978-1-137-51753-1.
Failure of intra-aortic balloon pumping to reduce experimental myocardial infarct size in swine

Although intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) is reported to reduce myocardial infarct size in dogs, this phenomenon may be due to pre-existing collaterals in this species. Pigs more closely approximate human coronary anatomy, having poor inherent collateralization. This study evaluates hemodynamic changes and quantitates myocardial infarct size 24 hours after coronary occlusion in swine, with and without IABP. Eighteen pigs underwent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery distal to the first diagonal branch: Nine were treated with IABP beginning 45 minutes after coronary occlusion and nine served as control subjects. Three in each group died prior to completion of the study. In both groups myocardial infarction resulted in a significant (p 0.3). In conclusion, IABP, despite significantly improving circulatory parameters, does not significantly reduce the size of an acute myocardial infarction after coronary ligation in swine.
Cómo evitar los posibles obstáculos en un programa de intercambio de estudiantes internacionales

La diversidad cultural y su impacto en el cuidado del paciente contribuyen a desigualdades persistentes en el cuidado de la salud a pesar de las necesidades por una competencia cultural. Las facultades de enfermeria buscan oportunidades internacionales como una forma de facilitar las diversas experiencias culturales de los estudiantes en sus cursos de pregrado y desarrollar estrategias de implementacion para experiencias internacionales, que puedan facilitar encuentros comprensivos y efectivos para los estudiantes. Es un proceso que esta dirigido al desarrollo de la construccion de relaciones entre miembros profesionales de diferentes paises y culturas que puedan ayudar a facilitar las relaciones profesionales, disminuir las barreras y compartir al maximo oportunidades de ensenanza para relaciones internacionales.
Television food advertising viewed by preschoolers, children and adolescents: contributors to differences in exposure for black and white youth in the United States

SummaryBackground Public health experts raise concerns about adolescents' and black youth's greater exposure to TV advertising for unhealthy foods and beverages compared with children and white youth. Objectives Examine how television-viewing patterns and rates of advertising during targeted programming contribute to this greater exposure. Methods Nielsen panel data provided viewing times and amount of food advertising viewed on U.S. television in 2008 and 2012. Researchers compared results by network type (black-, child- and youth-targeted), age group (preschoolers, children and adolescents) and race (black and white youth). Results Food advertising exposure increased with age for both black and white youth, but black youth viewed approximately 50% or more ads than did white youth of the same age. Higher rates of food advertising on youth-targeted networks explained greater adolescent exposure. However, greater television viewing and higher rates of advertising on youth- and black-targeted networks both contributed to black youth's greater exposure. From 2008 to 2012, increases in food-ads-per-hour increased exposure for all youth. Conclusions Food advertisers and networks, especially those targeting adolescents and black youth, must do more to reduce advertising that negatively impacts young people's health. Furthermore, reducing commercial-television viewing by black youth may help reduce health disparities affecting their communities.
Solution-processed visible-blind UV-A photodetectors based on CH3NH3PbCl3 perovskite thin films

In this contribution, methylammonium lead trichloride (CH3NH3PbCl3) perovskite thin films were fabricated via a two-step spin coating and solvent-vapor-assisted thermal annealing method at low temperature. The films exhibited a cubic crystalline structure and pinhole-free morphologies. The possible charge traps were investigated via the analysis of photoluminescence (PL) spectra of perovskite films prepared with different lead chloride (PbCl2) precursor concentrations while maintaining the same concentration of methylammonium chloride (CH3NH3Cl). Prototypical ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors with the structure of ITO/CH3NH3PbCl3/poly(triaryl amine) (PTAA)/Al were fabricated and showed a low dark current density of 1.60 × 10−5 mA cm−2 under a reverse bias of −1 V, a strong photoresponse in the 300–400 nm region, and a high UV-visible rejection ratio of up to 500 under a bias of 0 or −0.5 V. All the results demonstrated that low-temperature solution-processed CH3NH3PbCl3 perovskite thin films offer great potential for making flexible, lightweight visible-blind UV-A photodetectors.
Studies of Physician-Patient Communication with Older Patients: How Often is Hearing Loss Considered? A Systematic Literature Review

Hearing loss is remarkably prevalent in the geriatric population: one-quarter of adults aged 60–69 and 80% of adults aged 80 years and older have bilateral disabling loss. Only about one in five adults with hearing loss wears a hearing aid, leaving many vulnerable to poor communication with healthcare providers. We quantified the extent to which hearing loss is mentioned in studies of physician-patient communication with older patients, and the degree to which hearing loss is incorporated into analyses and findings. We conducted a structured literature search within PubMed for original studies of physician-patient communication with older patients that were published since 2000, using the natural language phrase “older patient physician communication.” We identified 409 papers in the initial search, and included 67 in this systematic review. Of the 67 papers, only 16 studies (23.9%) included any mention of hearing loss. In six of the 16 studies, hearing loss was mentioned only; in four studies, hearing loss was used as an exclusion criterion; and in two studies, the extent of hearing loss was measured and reported for the sample, with no further analysis. Three studies examined or reported on an association between hearing loss and the quality of physician-patient communication. One study included an intervention to temporarily mitigate hearing loss to improve communication. Less than one-quarter of studies of physician-elderly patient communication even mention that hearing loss may affect communication. Methodologically, this means that many studies may have omitted an important potential confounder. Perhaps more importantly, research in this field has largely overlooked a highly prevalent, important, and remediable influence on the quality of communication.
Evaluation of three recombinant outer membrane proteins, OmpA1, Tdr, and TbpA, as potential vaccine antigens against virulent Aeromonas hydrophila infection in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus).

A virulent clonal population of Aeromonas hydrophila (VAh) is recognized as the etiological agent in outbreaks of motile aeromonas septicemia (MAS) in catfish aquaculture in the southeastern United States since 2009. Genomic subtraction revealed three outer membrane proteins present in VAh strain ML09-119 but not in low virulence reference A. hydrophila strains: major outer membrane protein OmpA1, TonB-dependent receptor (Tdr), and transferrin-binding protein A (TbpA). Here, the genes encoding ompA1, tdr, and tbpA were cloned from A. hydrophila ML09-119 and expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant OmpA1, Tdr, and TbpA proteins had estimated molecular weights of 37.26, 78.55, and 41.67 kDa, respectively. Catfish fingerlings vaccinated with OmpA1, Tdr, and TbpA emulsified with non-mineral oil adjuvant were protected against subsequent VAh strain ML09-119 infection with 98.59%, 95.59%, and 47.89% relative percent survival (RPS), respectively. Furthermore, the mean liver, spleen, and anterior kidney bacterial concentrations were significantly lower in catfish vaccinated with the OmpA1 and Tdr than the sham-vaccinated control group. ELISA demonstrated that catfish immunized with OmpA1, Tdr, and TbpA produce significant antibody response by 21 days post-immunization. Therefore, OmpA1 and Tdr proteins could be used as potential candidates for vaccine development against virulent A. hydrophila infection. However, TbpA protein failed to provide strong protection.
Correlation effects in diffusion in a two sublattice structure

Abstract With a Monte Carlo method we have investigated tracer and conductivity (physical) correlation factors in the simple cubic lattice gas with two f.c.c. inequivalent sublattices and self exclusion by the atoms. Except at very low temperatures, excellent agreement was found between our results for the conductivity correlation factor and Richard's approximate treatment. At an occupation of 0.5 the Haven Ratio exhibits the characteristic discontinuity found recently in other lattice gases which give ordered arrangements. On the concentration axis at low temperature we found another discontinuity in the Haven Ratio. All of these discontinuities are associated with changes in mechanism.
Hypertension in Children and Adolescents

1. Donald J. Weaver Jr, MD, PhD* 1. *Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Pediatrics, Levine Children’s Hospital at Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC * Abbreviations: ABPM: : ambulatory blood pressure monitoring ACE: : angiotensin-converting enzyme ADE: : adverse drug event ARB: : angiotensin receptor blocker CCB: : calcium channel blocker CT: : computed tomographic LV: : left ventricular MR: : magnetic resonance Hypertension in children and adolescents is often underdiagnosed. Blood pressure should be assessed at every medical encounter in children aged 3 years and older, as well as high-risk children younger than 3 years. Pharmacologic therapy is safe and effective for controlling blood pressure and preventing end-organ changes in this population. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Recognize and properly classify hypertension in children and adolescents. 2. Develop a differential diagnosis and diagnostic approach for evaluation of hypertension, based on signs and symptoms. 3. Initiate a discussion with patients and their families on the nonpharmacologic management of hypertension. 4. Discuss the classes of antihypertensive medications used in children and adolescents. Danielle is a 16-year-old who presents to your office for a routine health maintenance visit. She has generally been feeling well, except for occasional headaches. They do not localize to a specific location, and they occur weekly and resolve spontaneously. They are not associated with any other neurological symptoms. Her past medical history is unremarkable. She is not taking any medications. Her family history is remarkable for hypertension in both the maternal and paternal grandparents. The review of systems has yielded otherwise negative findings. The physical examination showed a height at the 25th percentile and a weight in the 75th percentile. Initial blood pressure obtained by using an automated oscillometric device was 154/82 mm Hg. At examination, she was well appearing and in no distress. Her physical examination findings were normal, except for a dark, velvety discoloration on her neck. A manual auscultatory blood pressure obtained at the end of the physical examination with the appropriately sized cuff and with the patient sitting was 134/78 mm Hg. Most data …
Categorizing biomedical research: the basics of translation

As biomedical research has evolved over the past century, the terminology employed to categorize it has failed to evolve in parallel to accommodate the implications of these changes. In particular, the terms basic research and translational research as used today in biomedicine seem especially problematic. Here we review the origins of these terms, analyze some of the conceptual confusions attendant to their current use, and assess some of the deleterious consequences of these confusions. We summarize that the distinction between basic and translational biomedical research is an anachronism. Elimination of this often contentious distinction would improve both the culture and the effectiveness of the scientific process, and its potential benefits to society.-Flier, J. S., Loscalzo, J. Categorizing biomedical research: the basics of translation.
Community assembly of coral reef fishes along the Melanesian biodiversity gradient.

The Indo-Pacific is home to Earth’s most biodiverse coral reefs. Diversity on these reefs decreases from the Coral Triangle east through the islands of Melanesia. Despite this pattern having been identified during the early 20th century, our knowledge about the interaction between pattern and process remains incomplete. To evaluate the structure of coral reef fish communities across Melanesia, we obtained distributional records for 396 reef fish species in five taxa across seven countries. We used hierarchical clustering, nestedness, and multiple linear regression analyses to evaluate the community structure. We also compiled data on life history traits (pelagic larval duration, body size and schooling behavior) to help elucidate the ecological mechanisms behind community structure. Species richness for these taxa along the gradient was significantly related to longitude but not habitat area. Communities are significantly nested, indicating that species-poor communities are largely composed of subsets of the species found on species rich reefs. These trends are robust across taxonomic groups except for the Pomacentridae, which exhibit an anti-nested pattern, perhaps due to a large number of endemic species. Correlations between life history traits and the number of reefs on which species occurred indicate that dispersal and survival ability contribute to determining community structure. We conclude that distance from the Coral Triangle dominates community structure in reef fish; however, conservation of the most species-rich areas will not be sufficient alone to conserve the vivid splendor of this region.
Atlantic Cenozoic Silicoflagellates, Potential for Biostratigraphic and Paleoecologic Studies

Abstract Silicoflagellates have been used only occasionally in the Atlantic region mainly due to poor preservation in much of this region. However, silicoflagellates do possess potential for biostratigraphic and paleoecologic studies in the Atlantic.
Evaluation of Perceived Importance, Competence, Confidence, and Satisfaction in the Implementation of Moderate Sedation by Interventional Radiology Nurses

Abstract In interventional radiology (IR), registered nurses provide moderate sedation under the direction of the provider performing the procedure. The nurses identified a need to have more standardized education and training, inclusive of clinical issues, such as airway management, distress, capnography, and others. As nurse-administered moderate sedation continues to advance in part because of advances in IR procedures, nurses will need thorough continuing education to ensure safe and quality care for their patients. The purpose of this study was to explore educational interventions that will assist IR nurses administering moderate sedation in their perceived importance, knowledge, confidence, competence, and satisfaction. A pre/post survey intervention design was used to assess the change in nurses' perceived importance, confidence, competence, and satisfaction after an American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC)-approved educational online program and an airway management practicum by the Department of Anesthesia. Statistically significant findings from pre to post ANCC educational program including, specifically, the airway management training with anesthesia personnel had a p value of
Defending Public Schooling

This is a perilous time for the dream and promise of education. With Betsy DeVos heading the Department of Education, some states are already making moves to privatize education. Arizona is promisi...
Latinos “Aging in Place”: Issues and Potential Solutions

Globally, the population proportion of older adults is increasing and is projected to ascend for decades to come. As these demographic shifts occur, societies will need to adapt to afford citizens the highest quality of living at sustainable costs. First and foremost is maintaining older populations that are free from excess disease and healthcare burden. Implicit in the aging in place framework is the assumption that independent community living is preferred by society over institutionalized aging. Furthermore, for society to adapt to new aging demographics, aging in place should be the desired norm across the greatest proportion of the population and not limited to only the affluent. Such a framework would, arguably, provide the most benefit to the largest population. The greatest challenges for achieving the goal of aging in place would be expected to be found among economically disadvantaged populations, particularly among ethnic and racial minority groups. Furthermore, these populations have unique strengths, weaknesses, and preferences that provide enough variation to require nuanced approaches to affect the goal of aging in place. In this chapter, we focus on Latinos who are projected to become an increasingly important segment of the U.S. population, but are also faced with economic and social disadvantages that present important challenges. Additionally, we focus on three domains in this review: (1) health, medical and social services; (2) social support systems; and (3) community context.
General Strategy for Stereoselective Synthesis of β- N-Glycosyl Sulfonamides via Palladium-Catalyzed Glycosylation.

A highly efficient and mild glycosylation reaction between 3,4-O-carbonate glycal and N-tosyl functionalized aliphatic and aromatic amines via palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylation is disclosed. A wide range of highly functionalized 2,3-unsaturated β-N-glycosides are furnished in good to excellent yields and complete regioselectivity and stereoselectivity. In addition, applications of the glycosyl sulfonamides as the precursor to assemble functional derivatives have also been explored, including glycosylation, dihydroxylation, and nucleophilic addition to the N-glycosides.
Risk-Based Sequential Decision-Making Strategy

This chapter focuses on the development of a risk-based sequential decision-making strategy based on the probabilistic Bayesian-based decision-making strategy in Chapter 4. To accomplish competing tasks under limited sensory resources with minimum risks, a real-time decision-making strategy is developed to dynamically choose the task to be performed based on an overall risk assessment associated with the decision. Risk is defined as the expected cost of decision errors as well as observation costs. The proposed strategy seeks to find and classify all unknown objects within the domain with minimum risk under limited resources. Section 5.1 reviews some related literature on sequential detection and risk analysis. The binary risk-based sequential decision-making strategy using a single autonomous vehicle is then investigated in detail in Section 5.2. In Section 5.3, the binary results are extended to the more general ternary setting, which enables concurrent search and classification observations. The ternary decision-making strategies are then applied to the SSA problem in Section 5.4.
New Frontiers for Computer Ethics: Virtualization and Virtual Reality

This chapter discusses the new developments and consequences of the virtualization technology and its implications on our participation and how the technology informs our behavior based on our traditional moral and ethical values. In a more detailed way, we define virtualization as a process which embodies both abstraction and reconstruction and as it creates a sense of complete participants’ immersion yet with autonomy of participants to vary their chosen new environments to suit individual likings. As defined, virtualization, therefore, conjures uncertainty and fear not of the environment but of the individual who partakes in the activities of the environment. Our discussion of both social and ethical issues that arise within and outside the environment focused on two types of virtualization: computing resources virtualization and virtual reality (VR). We note that virtualization is also bringing about easy creation of new human identities in the new virtual environments which makes authentication more difficult but at the same time creating unprecedented potential in self-creation and self-presentation. We note, however, that while these benefits may bring new opportunities and new potential that may empower individuals to new levels of creativity, these unparalleled opportunities of virtualization may come at a price to society.
Failures in natural language systems: applications to data base query systems

A significant class of failures in interactions with data base query systems are attributable to misconceptions or incomplete knowledge regarding the domain of discourse on the part of the user. This paper describes several types of user failures, namely, intensional failures of presumptions. These failures are distinguished from extensional failures of presumptions since they are dependent on the structure rather than the contents of the data base. A knowledge representation has been developed for the recognition of intensional failures that are due to the assumption of non-existent relationships between entities. Several other intensional failures which depend on more sophisticated knowledge representations are also discussed. Appropriate forms of corrective behavior are outlined which would enable the user to formulate queries directed to the solution of his/her particular task and compatible with the knowledge organization.
Formal Specification for Deep Neural Networks

The increasing use of deep neural networks in a variety of applications, including some safety-critical ones, has brought renewed interest in the topic of verification of neural networks. However, verification is most meaningful when performed with high-quality formal specifications. In this paper, we survey the landscape of formal specification for deep neural networks, and discuss the opportunities and challenges for formal methods for this domain.
Of mills and mines: an intercategorical critique of the hidden harms of natural resource boom and bust cycles in U.S. history

The extant environmental justice research examines the unequal distribution of environmental risks across and within societies. While patterns of environmental injustice reveal that marginalized co...
Talking About Cruelty: The Eighth Amendment and Juvenile Offenders after Miller v. Alabama

After setting out the issues and approach of the U.S. Supreme Court majority in Miller v. Alabama, the article develops cruelty as a constitutional norm. Initially cruelty as a norm for Enlightenment thinkers in the late 18th century and in the creation of the American penitentiary in the early nineteenth century is considered. Then the article examines cruelty as a modern norm that condemns both sadism and indifference towards the serious suffering of others. This norm supports the Miller conclusion that mandatory life without chance of parole sentences for certain juvenile offenders are cruel, because such sentences mandate a form of culpable indifference to individual value. The article then describes how a cruelty norm may guide courts in resolving the constitutionality of a life without chance of parole sentence for juvenile by a judge who had discretion to order a lesser sentence. The cruelty norm described would find unconstitutional a life sentence for a juvenile unless a subsequent opportunity was provided for the offender to seek release based on personal reform. Otherwise, a life sentence would disregard the basic value of the offender in the person that he or she might become.
Psycholinguistic Development: Functioning and Dysfunctioning

Language, viewed as it must be for the practical evaluation of problems in human communication, consists of holistic acts that involve complex, interconnected operations and determinants— physical, perceptual, cognitive, emotional and social, as well as linguistic. They are subjective acts to the extent that their meanings derive from the individual’s interpretations of inner and outer experience and from their communal validity which is a matter of degree from person to person and situation to situation. They are objective acts in that they utilize a code with conventional referents and rules of grammar. Thus, in making judgments about aberrations of human communication, their primary and secondary components and systemic effects, one must consider all of their aspects interactively, from both the standpoint of the patient’s phenomenological world and the standpoint of the congruence or incongruence of his acts with the shared rules and practice of communication in his particular community. When the patient is a child, one must consider one other, highly complicating factor—the patient is somewhere along the road of developing the mechanisms of communication and of learning its conventions from his immediate and extended community.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Perfusion Imaging in Peripheral Arterial Disease

Quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEU) perfusion imaging, a technique originally developed to evaluate myocardial perfusion, has also been applied to evaluate limb perfusion. CEU relies on the ultrasound detection of encapsulated microbubble contrast agents that remain entirely within the vascular compartment. Advantages of CEU for assessing limb perfusion in PAD are, that is, rapid and safe and can be performed with equipment that is already present in almost all vascular medicine laboratories. It is uniquely suited for evaluating the physiologic impact of PAD because it directly assesses nutritive microvascular flow in muscle that can originate from multiple sources, including major conduit artery inflow, collateral vessel networks, or redistribution from other limb tissues and nonnutritive pathways. Moreover, by virtue of its speed, the technique is extremely well suited to imaging during or within seconds of completing exercise stress. In this chapter, the application of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEU) perfusion imaging in peripheral arterial disease will be discussed including details of the imaging technique and both clinical and preclinical studies.
Reclaiming cities as spaces of middle class parenthood, by Johanna Lilius: Singapore, Palgrave Macmillan, 2019

Reclaiming Cities as Spaces of Middle Class Parenthood is written on two levels. First, the book is a study of why middle-class parents, despite the image of cities as poor places to raise children...
Applications of shapelet transform to time series classification of earthquake, wind and wave data

Abstract Autonomous detection of desired events from large databases using time series classification is becoming increasingly important in civil engineering as a result of continued long-term health monitoring of a large number of engineering structures encompassing buildings, bridges, towers, and offshore platforms. In this context, this paper proposes the application of a relatively new time series representation named “Shapelet transform”, which is based on local similarity in the shape of the time series subsequences. In consideration of the individual attributes distinctive to time series signals in earthquake, wind and ocean engineering, the application of this transform yields a new shape-based feature representation. Combining this shape-based representation with a standard machine learning algorithm, a truly “white-box” machine learning model is proposed with understandable features and a transparent algorithm. This model automates event detection without the intervention of domain practitioners, yielding a practical event detection procedure. The efficacy of this proposed shapelet transform-based autonomous detection procedure is demonstrated by examples, to identify known and unknown earthquake events from continuously recorded ground-motion measurements, to detect pulses in the velocity time history of ground motions to distinguish between near-field and far-field ground motions, to identify thunderstorms from continuous wind speed measurements, to detect large-amplitude wind-induced vibrations from the bridge monitoring data, and to identify plunging breaking waves that have a significant impact on offshore structures.
Synchrophasor Measurements-based Events Detection Using Deep Learning

Deep learning algorithms have been developed for phasor measurement units (PMUs) analysis aiming at providing grid operators to observe and react to significant real-time changes in the grid associated with multiple factors (e.g., power generation and load variations, different type of faults, and equipment malfunction), or for offline post-event system diagnostics. In this study, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)-based deep neural network (DNN) is adopted and evaluated to identify the most appropriate model configurations for event detection and longer-term anomalous pattern extraction. The proposed DNN model shows the potential on long-term predictions with the ability to capture nonlinear and nonstationary mixture complex patterns in PMU datasets. Real-world PMU in the WECC system were used for model development and validation.
Developing a quality home care workforce to complement family caregivers and bridge the emerging care gap

Abstract Home health and personal care aides are a large share of the health care workforce, with nearly three million people providing direct care for people with serious illness living in the community. The home care workforce is experiencing an increase in demand and is expected to add over one million new jobs by the year 2026. These workers play a crucial role in the delivery of aging services by acting as the eyes and ears for the health system. However, barriers to the development of a quality home care workforce exist. Low levels of recruitment and retention, a lack of formal training, variation in regulations across states and agencies, affordability of home care services, and a lack of data and research to inform evidence-based policy change are all challenges faced by the home care workforce. Policy makers, providers, researchers, and family caregivers should work together to fill gaps in knowledge, standardize competency-based training requirements, reform regulations to better utilize the home care worker, and advocate for more financial resources to ensure a sustainable career pathway for workers and the continuation of care for those who need it.
Exercise training effects on sleep quality and symptoms of anxiety and depression in post-traumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials

Abstract Introduction Sleep problems are common in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Exercise can improve sleep quality, but whether this occurs among those with PTSD is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the magnitude of the effect of exercise training on overall sleep quality in patients with PTSD. Secondarily, the impact of exercise training on symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and depression were evaluated. Methods Articles published before April 1, 2020, were located through PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. Exercise training interventions that measured sleep quality in patients with PTSD were evaluated for inclusion. In total, 1,948 articles were screened, 40 were further appraised, and four were analyzed. Hedges’ d effect sizes were calculated for sleep quality. Due to the relationship between poor sleep and symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and depression, symptom changes with exercise training were analyzed. Results The four studies involved a total of 149 participants (61% males) with a mean (SD) age of 44.7 (16.3) years. The exercise intervention duration ranged from 3 to 12 weeks. All 5 effect sizes for overall sleep quality supported a favorable effect of exercise training; the mean Hedges'd (95% CI) was −0.47 (−0.18, −0.75), p Conclusions The small body of evidence suggests that exercise training has promise for improving overall sleep quality and PTSD, anxiety, and depression symptoms among those with PTSD.
“Slow Time,” “a Brooklet, Scarce Espied”: Close Reading, Cleanth Brooks, John Keats

This chapter addresses the mid-twentieth-century intervention of close reading in literary studies, through Cleanth Brooks’s publications—from the 1930s classroom-projected Understanding Poetry (coedited with Robert Penn Warren, with four editions by the 1960s), to the public-pedagogy of the essays collected in The Well-Wrought Urn (1947), to Brooks’s later, and late post-New-Critical reflections. This track is signposted by his evolving regard of Keats’s Odes, from disparagement to heroizing, and always with care for “the fate of the humanities.” Addressing attacks on close reading and Brooks in particular, this chapter concludes with careful attention to Keats’s first draft of Ode to Psyche (1819) to show a historically conscious, historically sharpened, smartly provisional literary aesthetic that amounts to a quiet intervention, of consequence to humanities today.
A 1024-Element Ku-Band SATCOM Dual-Polarized Receiver With >10-dB/K G/T and Embedded Transmit Rejection Filter

This article presents a 1024-element dual-polarized Ku-band (10.7–12.7 GHz) satellite communication (SATCOM) receive (RX) phased array. The array consists of four 16 $\times16$ subarray tiles, each of which comprises 64 eight-channel beamformer chips, 256 dual-channel low-noise amplifiers (LNAs), and 256 dual-polarized antennas built on an affordable printed circuit board (PCB). The antennas spaced at $\lambda $ /2 spacing at 12.2 GHz in an equilateral triangular grid allow scanning up to x±70° in all planes while maintaining a cross-polarization level $ dB. The use of LNAs just after the antennas enables a low-noise operation with an antenna gain-to-noise temperature (G/T) of 10.5 dB/K ( $T_{\mathrm {ant}} =20$ K) at broadside while maintaining a directivity of 34 dB at 11.7 GHz. Also, a two-pole/two-zero filter is placed between the LNA and the beamformer chip to greatly attenuate any transmit leakage signal at 14–14.5 GHz. The lightweight, low-cost PCB with all silicon chips and a thickness of 3.4 mm presents a viable candidate for Ku-band SATCOM ground and Satcom-On-The-Move (SOTM) terminals.
Evaluation of repeat distal transradial access in the anatomic snuffbox.

Purpose There is increasing interest in the distal radial artery in the anatomic snuffbox as an alternative arterial access point, but the durability of the distal radial artery to support repetitive accesses over multiple procedures is not well established. The purpose of this study was therefore to evaluate success rates for repeated left-sided distal transradial access (ldTRA) in the anatomic snuffbox. Methods In this single institution retrospective study, all patients undergoing radioembolization treatments from January 1st, 2019 to May 1st, 2020 were prospectively evaluated for ldTRA. ldTRA was performed by 15 different operators. Exclusion criteria were a left radiocephalic hemodialysis fistula, inability to properly position the arm, Barbeau D waveform, or failed prior ldTRA due to tortuosity. Barbeau patterns, arterial sizes, and success rates at the first, second, and third ldTRA were compared. Results Fifty patients were evaluated for ldTRA and 44, 39, and 10 underwent one, two, and three ldTRA attempts for a total of 93 procedures. There was no significant change in Barbeau patterns between the first and second (p = 0.13) or first and third (p = 1.0) ldTRA. There was no significant change in artery size between the first (mean, 2.3 mm; range, 1.5-3.4 mm) and second (mean, 2.3 mm; range, 1.6-3.3 mm) (p = 0.59) and first and third (mean, 2.4 mm; range, 1.9-3.3) (p = 0.45) ldTRA. The success rate was not significantly different between the first (93%, 41/44, 95% CI 81%-99%), second (95%, 37/39, 95% CI 83%-99%), and third (100%, 10/10, 95% CI 69%-100%) procedure (p = 1.0). The asymptomatic occlusion rate was 4.1% (2/49, 95% CI 0%-14%), and subsequent ldTRA was successfully completed in both patients with occlusions. There were no hemorrhagic or ischemic complications. Conclusion Success rates are indistinguishable among first, second, and third time ldTRA suggesting that this is a durable access point.
An Educational Tool for Exploring the Pumping Lemma Property for Regular Languages

Pumping lemma has been a very difficult topic for students to understand in a theoretical computer science course due to a lack of tool support. In this paper, we present an active learning tool called MInimum PUmping length (MIPU) educational software to explore the pumping lemma property for regular languages. For a given regular language, MIPU offers three major functionalities: determining the membership of an input string, generating a list of short strings that belong to the language, and automatically calculating the minimal pumping length of the language. The software tool has been developed to provide educational assistance to students to better understand the concepts of pumping lemma and minimum pumping length and promote active learning through hands-on practice.
Trajectories and Processes of Symptom Change Over Time in Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder

Abstract Despite ample evidence for Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) as an effective treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD), close examination of the trajectory of change in BPD symptoms over the course of DBT is lacking. There also remain questions regarding the directionality of changes in different domains of BPD symptoms, such as improvements in dysfunctional behaviors and thoughts/feelings. In order to provide more fine-grained information about treatment process in DBT, the current study aimed to (1) examine the trajectories of change of BPD-associated negative thoughts/feelings and behaviors, and positive behaviors, and (2) test the temporal relationship between changes in negative behaviors and thoughts/feelings. The study involved 55 adult clients attending a six-month outpatient DBT program for BPD who completed assessments of BPD symptoms every four sessions. Growth curve models suggested that clients experienced a faster rate of decrease in negative behaviors during the initial phase of treatment, whereas steady rates of improvement were found for negative thoughts/feelings and positive behaviors, respectively, throughout treatment. Further, a random-intercept cross lagged panel model found that the within-person fluctuations in negative behaviors preceded the within-person changes in negative thoughts/feelings at a subsequent time point during the later phase of treatment, while within-person fluctuations in thoughts/feelings were followed by changes in negative behaviors at the beginning and end of the treatment. These results highlighted the complexity of patterns and processes of change in BPD symptomatology during the course of DBT.
Assessment of Regional Body Composition Changes by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry

There is little information on the differential catabolism of ann and leg tissue during intensive work by healthy individuals in a hypocaloric setting (e.g. wrestlers during their competitive season, soldiers on a long-range mission, and refugees fleeing their homes). Most available information about tissue catabolism comes from studies of hospitalized patients where this information is of prognostic importance. In severely ill patients the extreme weight loss transcends more subtle differences of which extremities dematerialize most rapidly. In this case, anthropometric indices such as an upper arm girth corrected for subcutaneous fat are useful indicators of a patient’s overall fat-free mass and/or protein nutritional status.1 In healthy individuals with weight loss severe enough to include a significant portion of the fat-free mass, regional changes may be less suitable predictors of overall fat-free mass or muscular strength deficits. The 1950 Minnesota study of semistarvation (in a relatively sedendary state) demonstrated differences in the loss of tissue between arms and legs, with the largest relative change in circumference and cross-sectional area of the arm, even though the largest absolute change occurred in the thigh.2 Presumably, it would be adaptive for hunter-gatherers in lean times to preferentially sacrifice strength of arm muscles over that of the leg muscles.
Boundary effects on multiplication noise in thin heterostructure avalanche photodiodes: theory and experiment [Al/sub 0.6/Ga/sub 0.4/As/GaAs]

The history-dependent recurrence theory for multiplication noise in avalanche photodiodes (APDs), developed by Hayat et al., is generalized to include inter-layer boundary effects in heterostructure APDs with multilayer multiplication regions. These boundary effects include the initial energy of injected carriers as well as bandgap-transition effects within a multilayer multiplication region. It is shown that the excess noise factor can be significantly reduced if the avalanche process is initiated with an energetic carrier, in which case the initial energy serves to reduce the initial dead space associated with the injected carrier. An excess noise factor reduction up to 40% below the traditional thin-APD limit is predicted for GaAs, depending on the operational gain and the multiplication-region's width. The generalized model also thoroughly characterizes the behavior of dead space as a function of position across layers. This simultaneously captures the effect of the nonuniform electric field as well as the anticipatory nature of inter-layer bandgap-boundary effects.
Human GABA, Receptor αl and α3 Subunits Genes and Alcoholism.

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA effects are largely mediated by binding to the postsynaptic GABAA receptor, causing the opening of an integral chloride-ion channel. The GABAA antagonists picrotoxin and bicuculline reduce some ethanol-induced behaviors, such as motor impairment, sedation, and hypnosis. The role of this receptor in alcoholism is further supported by effective alleviation of alcohol withdrawal symptoms by GABAA agonists. To determine the role of the GABAA receptor (GABR) genes in the development of alcoholism, we have used alpha 1 and alpha 3 simple sequence repeat polymorphisms in a sample of unrelated alcoholics, alcoholic probands with both parents, and psychiatrically normal controls. For the GABR alpha 1 gene, the differences between allele frequencies, when all alleles were compared together, were not significant between total alcoholics, subtypes of alcoholics, and normal controls. However, for GABR alpha 3, the differences between total alcoholics and normal controls were significant when all alleles were compared together. The differences between subtypes of alcoholics and normal controls were not significant. The results of haplotype relative risk analysis for both genes, GABR alpha 1 and GABR alpha 3, were also negative. It is possible that the sample size in the haplotype relative risk is too small to have power to detect the differences in transmitted versus nontransmitted alleles. There is a need for a replication study in a large family sample that will allow haplotype relative risk or affected sib-pair analysis.
Aviation Turbine Fuel Properties and Their Trends

Fuel property values and their trends were studied through a review of a recognized, wide ranging sample population from actual fuel inspection data. A total of 676 fuel samples of Jet A aviation turbine fuel were compiled over an eleven year period. Results indicate that most fuel samples have one to three near-specification properties, the most common being aromatics, smoke point, and freezing point.
Ineffective Supersymmetry: Electroweak Symmetry Breaking from Extra Dimensions

Recently, a mechanism for electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB) was discussed, in which the scale of EWSB is set by the scale of an additional dimension R ~ Tev^-1. The mechanism involves supersymmetry, but broken in such a fashion that high (four-dimensional) momentum loops are cut off by the finite size of the radius. In a Kaluza-Klein decomposition, a hard cutoff seems to give a strong cutoff dependence, while summing the entire tower is not only cutoff insensitive, but actually finite. Such behavior is easily understood in a formulation that respects five-dimensional locality. Finally, we note that certain models of this type naturally give operators which can ``fake'' the presence of a light Higgs in precision electroweak observables.