cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
35-GHz Barium Hexaferrite/PDMS Composite-Based Millimeter-Wave Circulators for 5G Applications

We report a self-biased, low-profile circulator operating in the Ka-band fabricated by an entirely low-temperature (70 °C) screen-printing approach on printed circuit board (PCB). The magnetic material for the circulator is a barium hexaferrite BaFe12O19 (BaM)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposite that exhibits a zero-bias ferromagnetic resonance frequency ( $f_{\mathrm {FMR}}$ ) at 46.6 GHz. Using this material, a microstrip-based circulator operating at 35 GHz is designed, fabricated, and characterized. A combination of mechanical milling, screen printing, photolithography, and electroplating is used for fabricating the circulator, in which the circulator disk (diameter of 2 mm and thickness of $250~\mu \text{m}$ ) is completely embedded in the PCB, realizing a packaging compatible low-profile architecture with the total device area of 33 mm2. The measured isolation (IS) and insertion loss (IL) of the fabricated circulator at 35 GHz is 3.9 and 8.7 dB, respectively. When the additional magnetic bias is applied to the circulator using external permanent magnets, the IS and IL performance is improved to be 7.4 and 8.4 dB, respectively. The impact of the loss factors associated with dielectric loss and surface roughness on the device performance is analyzed using High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS).
Análisis de redes egocéntricas con R (IV). Análisis multinivel

This text is the fourth and last in the series that constitutes a workshop on ego-network (and/or personal network) analysis with R. The text is accompanied by example data and the R language scripts needed to perform the proposed activities.
Molecular imaging of Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with Autotaxin-targeted [18F]ATX-1905 and Positron Emission Tomography

140 Background: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive liver disease projected to become the leading cause of cirrhosis and liver transplantation in the next decade. Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted lysophospholipase D that catalyzes the production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a pleiotropic growth-factor-like lysophospholipid. Increased ATX expression has been detected in various clinical liver disease. However, little is known about its role and mode of action in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) animal model. Here, increased ATX expression was first detected in preclinical NASH model. These results suggest that ATX pathway may be a novel therapeutic and diagnosis strategy for NASH. Molecular imaging targeting the ATX could provide a non- invasive method for evaluating the expression and the function of the ATX in the NASH, and then provide important prognostic information. In this study we aimed to evaluated whether PET imaging with radiotracers that quantify ATX activation can visualize and quantify NASH in preclinical mouse model. Methods: We employed a NASH mouse model, in which mice were initiated on either standard chow or CDAHFD (L-amino acid diet with 60 kcal% fat with 0.1% methionine without added choline) ad libitum for 14 weeks. Weused an ATX-specific PET ligand [18F]ATX-1905 (2-((2-ethyl-6-(4-(2-(4-(2-fluoroethyl-1,1,2,2-d4)piperazin-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl)piperazin-1-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)(methyl)amino)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazole-5-carbonitrile) to evaluate hepatic ATX PET signal and uptake in the NASH mouse models. We performed HE, oil red O and Sirius red staining to assess liver steatosis and liver fibrosis, immunofluorescence and RT-PCR to assess ATX protein and gene expression in the NASH liver. Results: HE, oil red o and Sirius red staining showed a significant steatosis and liver fibrosis, indicating an advanced NASH (Fig. 1A). 60 min [18F]ATX-1905 PET preformation demonstrated high uptake in NASH liver compared with controls. The accumulation of radioactivity in the livers increased significantly in all treatment groups compared with that of normal controls (Fig. 1 B). Real time PCR confirmed the PET imaging finding that ATX expression was upregulated in 14 weeks NASH animal models compared with control (Fig. 1C). Immunofluorescence stained ATX (green), collagen marker Cola1 (red) and DAPI (blue) shown that ATX expression was increased with collagen development in NASH, which consisted PET imaging and RT-PCR results (Fig. 1D). To our knowledge, this is the first study that systematically validates TAX/PET imaging in NASH disease by performing a spatially precise correlative analysis of PET imaging, histopathology, ATX expression in preclinical rodent models Conclusions: [18F]ATX-1905 is a promising candidate for noninvasive imaging of NASH in the ATX signaling pathway.
Transfer Fees or Administrative Charges

Commentary on a recent California decision determining that HOA charges did not come within the transfer fee covenant statute.
Young people and museums in the time of covid-19

This paper aims to highlight the prevailing situation of uncertainty in Greece with regard to the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on the functioning of indoor venues of cultural interest, with a fo...
Stabilization of Systems with Changing Dynamics

We present a framework for designing stable control schemes for systems whose dynamic equations change as they evolve on the state space. It is usually difficult or even impossible to design a single controller that would stabilize such a system. An appealing alternative are switching control schemes, where a different controller is employed on each of the regions defined by different dynamic characteristics and the stability of the overall system is ensured through appropriate switching scheme. We derive sufficient conditions for the stability of a switching control scheme' in a form that can be used for controller design. An important feature of the proposed framework is that although the overall hierarchy can be very complicated, the stability depends only on the immediate relation of each controller to its neighbors. This makes the application of our results particularly straight forward. The methodology is applied to stabilization of a shimmying wheel, where changes in the dynamics are due, to switches between sliding and rolling.
Postpartum glycosylated hemoglobin levels in mothers of large-for-gestational age infants.

Abstract Glycosylated hemoglobin levels were determined in 19 women who were delivered of large-for-gestational age (>4,082 grams) infants and compared to control values. Although the mean level for each group did not differ significantly (6.7% ± 1.5% versus 6.5% ± 0.2%) three women had increased hemoglobin glycosylation. In this series the birth of a large infant correlated with prepregnancy obesity and greater weight gain during pregnancy.
The Use Of An Ejector In A Geothermal Flash System

A new method of utilizing geothermal hot water resources is proposed. Rather than flashing the hot water through a throttle, it is expanded through the motive nozzle of an ejector. Its kinetic energy is used to compress steam extracted from the turbine. The technique reduces the irreversibility of the conventional flash system without adding rotating machines or heat exchangers. A first-order analysis and optimization of the system shows considerable performance improvement over a conventional flash system.
Enteral and parenteral feeding in the dysphagic patient.

The increasing recognition of malnutrition among hospitalized patients has spawned a variety of sophisticated forms of nutritional support. Dysphagic patients, in particular, are easily identifiable and present with varying degrees of nutritional compromise that complicate the underlying swallowing disorder. Choice of therapeutic modalities available and their relative risks and benefits are reviewed.
Bond strengths of chemically dissimilar repaired composite resins

Expanded use of composite resins has necessitated repair of fractured, discolored, and former restorations. Laboratory investigations have demonstrated that new composite resin can be bonded to cured composite resin of the same chemistry. The surface chemistry of three composite resins of dissimilar matrix formulae were examined by infrared spectroscopy and the tensile bond strengths of heterogeneous repairs and the site of repair failures were determined.
Solid-state proton transfer dynamics and the proton NMR second moment and proton relaxation rates

Abstract The dipolar second moment M 2 and the relaxation times T 1 and T 1 ϱ are derived for polycrystalline solids in which nuclei are transferred between sites of unequal energy. The expressions derived are applicable to proton transfer in hydrogen bonds in solids. An example of the utility of these expressions is provided by polycrystalline α- d -glucose.
Surfactant as a release agent opposing the adhesion of tumour cells in determining malignancy

It is well established that adhesion of metastatic cells to the endothelium of the host organ is of major importance in initiating their arrest prior to invasion. However, wherever there is the potential for adhesion and subsequent disruption of normal physiological function in several other situations in vivo unrelated to cancer, the body provides a release agent in the form of surface-active phospholipids. It is proposed here that these surfactants also oppose the inherent adhesiveness of circulating tumour cells, arrest depending upon the relative potencies of glue and anti-glue. Thus, malignancy is determined not just by the "stickiness" of the metastatic emboli but by a general deficiency of surfactant or one of the host in failing to provide an adequately adsorbed layer of this release agent repelling adhesion and overall "rooting" of the seed cells. Moreover, a difference in surface activity of the release agent(s) at different sites can provide an explanation for any differential affinity observed when comparing the detachment of a cell from a primary tumour with its attachment to the host or any difference in metastatic potential of the same cells in different organs.
An Intergenerational Program with Benefits

Illustrates how the director and teachers of a child care program and the staff of a residential nursing home facility collaborated to develop, implement, and evaluate an onsite intergenerational program. Describes program goals; recruitment plan; elder, staff, and teacher orientation; options for intergenerational activities; and program benefits. Article provides resources and suggestions for groups planning intergenerational programs. Preschool children (n = 38) who participated in the study were interviewed and asked a key question, “What do old people do?” Prior to participation in the program, 50% of the children responded with negative descriptors; after participating in the program for 1 year, all of the children responded with positive descriptors. Children’s responses provide evidence that intergenerational programs can promote positive attitudes toward elders.
Is collaboration paying off for firms

Practitioners, academics, and consultants are all calling for firms to drop their guard and collaborate with their business partners. At best, reports to date are mixed. Does collaboration work? Can firms do better? This research indicates the answer is yes to both questions, but managers must do more to reap long-term gains by formalizing relationships. Executives at many of today 's most successful companies provide important insights as to how this can be accomplished.
The carbon isotope geochemistry of goethite (α-FeOOH) in ironstone of the Upper Ordovician Neda Formation, Wisconsin, USA: Implications for early Paleozoic continental environments

Abstract Carbon isotope exchange experiments and data from natural samples in a state of isotopic disequilibrium indicate that the apparent Fe(CO3)OH component in natural goethites is a closed system. These results support the solid solution model for Fe(CO3)OH in goethite. The carbon isotope geochemistry of the oolitic Neda Formation ironstone at occurrences in Wisconsin and Iowa is consistent with goethite formation in a Late Ordovician subaerial weathering environment. δ13C values of the Fe(CO3)OH component in Neda Formation goethite indicate that organic matter was being oxidized to produce CO2 in the ancient weathering profile. The δ13C value of this organic matter was about −27‰. At depths greater than about 20 cm, the partial pressure of CO2 in the Late Ordovician weathering profile was 5.6 times larger than the PCO2 of the Earth's atmosphere at that time. This high “soil” CO2 partial pressure and its origin in the oxidation of organic matter suggest that there was substantial biological activity on continental land surfaces prior to the widespread colonization by vascular plants. It indicates a possible role for biological activity in the chemical weathering of continents in the early Paleozoic.
Ultrarush venom desensitization after systemic reactions during conventional venom immunotherapy

Background Rush and ultrarush venom immunotherapy (VIT) protocols are safe and effective in patients with Hymenoptera hypersensitivity. However, these protocols have typically been used instead of conventional VIT and not in patients who have experienced adverse reactions during conventional VIT. To date, there are no reports of using an ultrarush VIT protocol to desensitize patients with a history of severe systemic reactions during conventional VIT. Objective To determine whether ultrarush VIT can be safely administered to a high-risk patient with a history of severe systemic reactions to conventional VIT. Methods Premedication with 40 mg of prednisone, 180 mg of fexofenadine, and 150 mg of ranitidine orally twice daily was initiated. The patient received VIT to mixed vespid and wasp in a medical intensive care unit via a 13-step buildup on day 1 followed by a 2-step buildup on day 2. Immunotherapy was begun with a dose of 0.005 μg of mixed vespid and 0.002 μg of wasp venom and achieved a total dose of 300 μg of mixed vespid and 100 μg of wasp venom. Results The patient tolerated the procedure with minimal adverse effects. She subsequently received maintenance dosing in the outpatient clinic weekly for 4 weeks and bimonthly for 8 weeks, and she continues monthly maintenance VIT. Conclusions We report the first successful use of ultrarush VIT in a high-risk patient with a history of severe systemic reactions during conventional VIT. This protocol should be considered in patients with a history of allergy to vespids or wasps who require VIT but cannot reach a maintenance dose with conventional VIT owing to systemic reactions.
A synthesis of the C1–C15 domain of the halichondrins

Abstract A concise route to the C1–C15 domain of the halichondrins is described. The key reaction is the conversion of a furfuryl alcohol to a pyranone. The stereocenter of this pyranone serves as the starting point for the other eight stereocenters.
Human cyclic motility: Fetal–Newborn continuities and newborn state differences

The spontaneous movement of 41 healthy human newborns was analyzed for cyclic patterns during different behavioral states and also compared to similar data obtained during their last few months of gestation. Spectral analysis was used to identify and quantify the motility cycles, except in quiet sleep, for which the instantaneous frequency of the isolated movements was analyzed. Cyclic motility (CM) was common in all states, and measures of its cyclic organization were similar in the non-sleep states in spite of very large differences in the total amount of movement. During active sleep, CM was weaker and less regular than during the non-sleep states, but similar to fetal CM during the last month of gestation. Thus cyclic variation in spontaneous motor activity, a basic feature of fetal behavior, is also a nearly constant feature of newborn spontaneous movement. Fetal CM persists relatively unchanged in the newborn during active sleep, and the cyclic organization of newborn movement is independent of the level of motor output.
Neoliberal transitions: the Santiago general cemetery and the affective economies of counter-revolution

Anchored in the Santiago General Cemetery, this essay analyses the management of revolutionary memory under neoliberalism. Juxtaposing the gravesites of Salvador Allende and Victor Jara, I theorise the gendered and racialised processes through which collective dreams for justice – and even radical politics themselves – come to be co-opted under neoliberal capitalism. If in Jara’s grave we see the state performing the part of the hyper-masculine disciplinarian father, I argue, in Allende’s grave we witness the state as the begrudgingly accepting father, ready to take in the repentant children back into the nation, in exchange for obedience. Finally, I turn to alternative memorialisation practices performed by the nation’s discontents, and namely ongoing struggles for collective self-determination and decolonisation. Ultimately, I situate critiques of neoliberalism in Chile in dialogue with intersectional queer and transnational feminist scholarship on the seductive logics of neoliberalism – and emergent fo...
Visual storage or visual masking? An analysis of the "retroactive contour enhancement" effect.

Standing and Dodwell (1972) reported that a contoured target stimulus which is only poorly identified when exposed briefly against a steady background field can be identified accurately if the field is terminated shortly after target offset. This observation was confirmed and, in addition, it was shown that target identification is enhanced when the field is initiated shortly before target onset. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that a continuous background field is not essential for either effect. It was argued that these “retroactive” and “proactive” enhancements of target identification were due to a complex interaction among forward, backward, and simultaneous masking. Reprint requests should be sent to Haskins Laboratories, 270 Crown Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
The Plastic Nature of the Vascular Wall: Reply to Folkow

This Letter to the Editor is in response to the comments made by Professor Folkow on our recently published review in Physiology ([7][1]). First, we would like to acknowledge Professor Folkow's numerous and seminal contributions to the field of cardiovascular physiology (e.g., Ref. [3][2]), and in
Some numerical solutions of the rotational Euler equations.

Numerical solution by the method of successive over-relaxation is presented for a class of linear partial differential equations of the elliptic type. The equations solved govern the twodimensional and axisymmetric flow of an incompressible, inviscid, rotational fluid. The boundary conditions chosen, which may be of the mixed type, are shown to give rise to solutions having application to flows in some pure fluidic devices. Numerical experiments are used to determine optimum relaxation parameters, and many numerical solutions are presented as examples. Nomenclature = mesh size p = pressure q = velocity vector r = radial coordinate (axisymmetric flow) Uj v, w = velocity components x = axial coordinate (two-dimensional flow) y = normal coordinate (two-dimensional flow) z = normal coordinate (axisymmetric flow) v = kinematic viscosity p = density = angular coordinate (axisymmetric flow) ^ = stream function O = vorticity component co = over-relaxation parameter e = iteration tolerance able, an IBM 1130, dictated a choice of boundary conditions such that the governing equations are linear in form. This problem was chosen for its practical applications, particularly in flow situations where the diffusive processes may be neglected but the rotational property of the flowfield is important. To be sure, the rotational flow is generated by the action of viscosity; however, in problems concerned with the interaction of two flows, or of flows and solid boundaries, dissipative phenomena may be negligible in some neighborhood of the interaction. As an example, a freejet impinging on a flat surface is treated analytically along with other inviscid rotational flows in Ref. 1. The boundary condition chosen in this investigation will be shown to give rise to a flowfield whose solution may be applicable to problems in the pure fluidic devices field.
Evidence-Based Annotation of Transcripts and Proteins in the Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough

We used high-resolution tiling microarrays and 5′ RNA sequencing to identify transcripts in Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough, a model sulfate-reducing bacterium. We identified the first nucleotide position for 1,124 transcripts, including 54 proteins with leaderless transcripts and another 72 genes for which a major transcript initiates within the upstream protein-coding gene, which confounds measurements of the upstream gene's expression. Sequence analysis of these promoters showed that D. vulgaris prefers −10 and −35 boxes different from those preferred by Escherichia coli. A total of 549 transcripts ended at intrinsic (rho-independent) terminators, but most of the other transcripts seemed to have variable ends. We found low-level antisense expression of most genes, and the 5′ ends of these transcripts mapped to promoter-like sequences. Because antisense expression was reduced for highly expressed genes, we suspect that elongation of nonspecific antisense transcripts is suppressed by transcription of the sense strand. Finally, we combined the transcript results with comparative analysis and proteomics data to make 505 revisions to the original annotation of 3,531 proteins: we removed 255 (7.5%) proteins, changed 123 (3.6%) start codons, and added 127 (3.7%) proteins that had been missed. Tiling data had higher coverage than shotgun proteomics and hence led to most of the corrections, but many errors probably remain. Our data are available at http://genomics.lbl.gov/supplemental/DvHtranscripts2011/.
The repertoire for pattern recognition of pathogens by the innate immune system is defined by cooperation between Toll-like receptors

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been shown to participate in the recognition of pathogens by the innate immune system, but it is not clear how a restricted family of receptors has the capacity to recognize the wide spectrum of TLR stimuli known to exist. We report here that two members of the TLR family, TLR2 and TLR6, together coordinate macrophage activation by Gram-positive bacteria and the yeast cell-wall particle, zymosan. TLR6 and TLR2 both are recruited to the macrophage phagosome, where they recognize peptidoglycan, a Gram-positive pathogen component. By contrast, TLR2 recognizes another component, bacterial lipopeptide, without TLR6. The requirement for TLR cooperation is supported by the finding that TLR2 needs a partner to activate tumor necrosis factor-α production in macrophages. Dimerization of the cytoplasmic domain of TLR2 does not induce tumor necrosis factor-α production in macrophages, whereas similar dimerization of the TLR4 cytoplasmic domain does. We show that the cytoplasmic domain of TLR2 can form functional pairs with TLR6 or TLR1, and this interaction leads to cytokine induction. Thus, the cytoplasmic tails of TLRs are not functionally equivalent, with certain TLRs requiring assembly into heteromeric complexes, whereas others are active as homomeric complexes. Finally, we show that TLR6, TLR2, and TLR1 are recruited to macrophage phagosomes that contain IgG-coated erythrocytes that do not display microbial components. The data suggest that TLRs sample the contents of the phagosome independent of the nature of the contents, and can establish a combinatorial repertoire to discriminate among the large number of pathogen-associated molecular patterns found in nature.
Strong magnesium binding sites in yeast phenylalanine transfer RNA.

Abstract To ascertain the sites that are available for strong binding between magnesium ions and phosphate groups in yeast phenylalanine transfer RNA, all distances below 5.5 A separating the phosphoryl oxygens (Op) of the 76 nucleotide residues have been computed from the latest atomic coordinates for the monoclinic form of the tRNA crystallized in the presence of magnesium chloride. The 5.5 A distance is chosen as the upper limit expected for Op…Op distances involved in strong magnesium-phosphate binding, on the basis of studies on a model magnesium phosphodiester hydrate, taking into account the quoted standard deviation in the tRNA atomic coordinates. It is concluded that there are four possible sites for strong magnesium binding in the tRNA molecule, in addition to the three sites previously reported. One of the hypothetical sites: m2 G10-OL, U47-OR, could be involved in the first stage of melting of the tRNA molecule, and may be relevant to tertiary structure stabilization, since it links the dihydrouridine arm with the extra (V) loop.
A synthesis of 19-dehydroamphoteronolide b.

Abstract The four fragments A - D previously prepared for the synthesis of amphoteronolide B have been assembled to provide the titled compound. This assembly represents a formal synthesis of amphoteronolide B.
ENHANCING CORPORATE VENTURE PERFORMANCE THROUGH ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING

Despite the growing body of literature on both organizational learning (OL) and corporate venture development (CVD), very few attempts have been made to establish connections between these two literature streams. While existing literature provides some evidence that OL may facilitate the process of CVD, several interesting research issues remain unexamined. We know very little about (a) what type of learning processes are effective at various stages of CVD; and (b) whether and how knowledge created through various OL processes enhances venture performance. These research issues are examined in this paper by integrating the literature from OL and CVD. We develop a conceptual model that integrates organizational learning with the antecedents and outcomes of CVD. We argue that (a) organizational learning in CVD occurs through two distinct and yet complementary processes; (b) productive organizational learning occurs when organizations vary their emphases on different types of learning depending upon the stages of CVD; and (c ) different types of learning are associated with different types of venture outcomes. Propositions are developed and implications are discussed to facilitate empirical research.
A neoclassical Kaldor model of real wage declines

A model linking macroeconomic equilibrium and income distribution in balanced growth equilibria is developed as a variant to the Kaldor model of factor shares. It departs from the original Kaldor model in assuming equal saving rates and a neoclassical production function. Macroeconomic equilibrium (national savings equal to investment) combines with competitive microeconomic behavior to determine the real wage and real interest rate. An increase in the ratio of national debt to labor reduces the real wage, explaining recent declines.
Stereoselectivity of acetylcholinesterase, arylester hydrolase, and chymotrypsin toward 4-nitrophenyl alkyl(phenyl)phosphinates

Abstract Acetylcholinesterases from electric eel and from bovine erythrocytes were inhibited stereoselectively by P(+) 4-nitrophenyl ethyl(phenyl)phosphinate (EPP) and P(+) 4-nitrophenyl isopropyl(phenyl)phosphinate (IPP). Bovine pancreatic α-chymotrypsin was inhibited stereoselectively also, but the P(−) enantiomers of both EPP and IPP were more active than P(+). Arylester hydrolase was nine times more active in the hydrolysis of P(−) EPP than P(+). Chiral-phase HPLC was employed to isolate the enantiomers from racemic mixture for experiments and to analyze reaction mixtures initiated with racemic EPP or IPP.
Uniqueness theorems for the compressible flow equation

In this paper, techniques, developed by Finn and Gilbarg for compressible flow past a profile are utilized and generalized to deal with linear and nonlinear boundary conditions for the mass flux for interior regions. Partial uniqueness is demonstrated for a subsonic flow in a class of mixed flows.
Nef: out and in?

Lentiviral Nef protein has many functions in the evasion of host immune defenses. Another 'chink' in the host immune 'armor' has now been exposed by Nef's ability to inhibit immunoglobulin class switching.
Is donor age an important determinant of graft survival

PurposeTo review the epidemiology, biology, systemic and ocular features, and treatment options for varicella zoster disease, including postherpetic neuralgia.MethodsLiterature search and review of author's experience with patients with varicella and herpes zoster ophthalmicus.ResultsIn recent years
Magnetospheric tail as a hydromagnetic waveguide

Abstract Cutoff periods of hydromagnetic waves are calculated for the magnetospheric tail.
Enhanced green fluorescent protein expression may be used to monitor murine coronavirus spread in vitro and in the mouse central nervous system

Targeted recombination was used to select mouse hepatitis virus isolates with stable and efficient expression of the gene encoding the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). The EGFP gene was inserted into the murine coronavirus genome in place of the nonessential gene 4. These viruses expressed the EGFP gene from an mRNA of slightly slower electrophoretic mobility than mRNA 4. EGFP protein was detected on a Western blot of infected cell lysates and EGFP activity (fluorescence) was visualized by microscopy in infected cells and in viral plaques. Expression of EGFP remained stable through at least six passages in tissue culture and during acute infection in the mouse central nervous system. These viruses replicated with similar kinetics and to similar final extents as wild-type virus both in tissue culture and in the mouse central nervous system (CNS). They caused encephalitis and demyelination in animals as wild-type virus; however, they were somewhat attenuated in virulence. Isogenic EGFP-expressing viruses that differ only in the spike gene and express either the spike gene of the highly neurovirulent MHV-4 strain or the more weakly neurovirulent MHV-A59 strain were compared; the difference in virulence and patterns of spread of viral antigen reflected the differences between parental viruses expressing each of these spike genes. Thus, EGFP-expressing viruses will be useful in the studies of murine coronavirus pathogenesis in mice.
Quality of life in children and adolescents with cancer

Quality of life for children and adolescents who have cancer is a personal, subjective experience that is influenced by the individual's internal, immediate, and institutional environments. Quality of life is most accurately assessed on an individual basis with each child or adolescent serving as his/her own standard.
Law and psychiatry as political symbolism.

The conventional view of law, and of psychiatry as well, focuses on how they change the world and people’s lives, usually for the better. Both law and psychiatry do have that effect, but it is not their only consequence and often not their paramount one. Both influence perceptions of the social world as well as actions and conditions. Their evocations of beliefs, perceptions, and assumptions constitute their most important political and social consequences, though not necessarily their most important clinical or legal effects. The publicized, discussed, and debated legal and psychiatric actions concentrate on procedures to change individuals, often people defined as offenders, as anti-social, or as otherwise pathological. They create public expectations of social change and confidence in amelioration, though accounts of successes by practitioners are chiefly anecdotal. Research that concentrates on the long term, on outcomes (rather than procedures) and on social structure (rather than individuals) typically finds a high degree of stability in social structure, and in the inequalities and problems that publicized legal and psychiatric programs promise to improve or eliminate. These studies typically conclude that social programs often fail, that recidivism is common, and that successes are problematic. What law and psychiatry are in modern society, as well as what they do, seems to hinge on the presuppositions of observers, on their methods of observation and analysis, and on their positions and roles. But some presuppositions, methods, and roles are more adequate than others. The more adequate ones, in my view, justify the conclusion that law and psychiatry as professions chiefly influence public beliefs and perceptions rather than social conditions or personal well-being. Their paramount effect is to encourage acceptance of established institutions, partly by creating an expectation of future change to correct inequalities and ameliorate grievances, and partly by encouraging people to define themselves as getting what they deserve. So far as these political effects are concerned, law and psychiatry display some intriguing similarities. In their most publicized forms, both promise improvement in the lives of distressed and disadvantaged people and a more equitable society. The legislation and litigation that are constantly in the news deal with problems growing out of inequalities in income, status, and power: civil rights, affirmative action, welfare policy, and regulation of business to protect consumers, workers, and neighbors. In spite of continuous governmental activity and public discussion, these are also the problems that are never solved and the forms of law that are largely symbolic and tokenistic. These laws bring im-
Contribution of surface leaf-litter breakdown and forest composition to benthic oxygen demand and ecosystem respiration in a South Georgia blackwater river

AbstractMany North American blackwater rivers exhibit low dissolved O2 (DO) that may be the result of benthic respiration. We examined how tree species affected O2 demand via the quantity and quality of litter produced. In addition, we compared areal estimates of surface leaf-litter microbial respiration to sediment O2 demand (SOD) and ecosystem respiration (ER) in stream and swamp reaches of a blackwater river to quantify contributions of surface litter decomposition to O2 demand. Litter inputs averaged 917 and 678 g m−2 y−1 in the swamp and stream, respectively. Tree species differentially affected O2 demand via the quantity and quality of litter produced. Bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) contributed most litter inputs because of its dominance and because it produced more litter per tree, thereby making greater relative contributions to O2 demand in the swamp. In the stream, water oak (Quercus nigra) produced litter supporting lower fungal biomass and O2 uptake rates, but produced more litter than red ...
Whose Technology? Whose Modernity?: Questioning Feenberg's 'Questioning Technology'

Analyse critique de l'ouvrage intitule la remise en question de la technologie, en particulier la reflexion sur les technologies, ou la critique des philosophies essentiallistes de la technologie est une etape importante dans la clarification des orientations futures de la philosophie de la technologie.
Expression of the archaebacterial bacterio-opsin gene with and without signal sequences in Escherichia coli: the expressed proteins are located in the membrane but bind retinal poorly.

Abstract In a further effort to obtain functional expression of the bacterio-opsin gene (bop) in Escherichia coli, the bop gene with E. coli signal sequences as well as the bop gene with the native presequence were expressed in E. coli. The location of the expressed products in the E. coli cell and their processing and folding to a structure that binds retinal as in Halobacterium halobium were investigated. All the expressed proteins were in the membrane. The proteins were largely unprocessed, and they were distributed between the outer and the inner membrane. The processed fractions, which were minor, were exclusively in the inner membrane. The processed proteins bound exogenously added all-trans-retinal but only partially, indicating that these proteins were present in at least two folded states.
SYN-1,4-addition of carboxylate salts to cyclic allylic epoxides mediated by cuprous chloride

Abstract A mild method for the 1,4- syn opening of certain cyclic allylic epoxides has been found, using sodium carboxylates in the presence of cuprous chloride.
Two Honest Serving-Men and Foreign Language Study

Author's Summary.— The article will attempt to prove, on the basis of scientific studies and the testimony of competent persons, that foreign languages bring a valuable contribution to education and that every child is entitled to exposure to foreign language study.
Renal function, calcium regulation, and time to hospitalization of patients with chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease is associated with disruption of the endocrine system that distorts the balance between calcitriol, calcium, phosphate and parathyroid hormone in the calcium regulation system. This can lead to calcification of the arterial tree and increased risk of cardiovascular disease and death. In this study we develop a health metric, based on biomarkers involved in the calcium regulation system, for use in identifying patients at high risk for future high-cost complications. This study is a retrospective observational study involving a secondary analysis of data from the kidney disease registry of a regional managed care organization. Chronic kidney disease patients in the registry from November 2007 through November 2011 with a complete set of observations of estimated glomerular filtration rate, calcitriol, albumin, free calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone were included in the study (n = 284). Weibull regression model was used to identify the most significant lab tests in predicting “waiting time to hospitalization”. A multivariate linear path model was then constructed to investigate direct and indirect effects of the biomarkers on this outcome. The results showed negative significant direct effects of phosphate and parathyroid hormone on “waiting time to hospitalization”. Base on this result, the risk of hospitalization increases 16.8% for each 0.55 mg/dl increase in phosphate level and 13.5% for each 0.467 increase in the natural logarithm of parathyroid hormone. Positive indirect effects of calcitriol surrogate (calcidiol), free calcium, albumin and estimated glomerular filtration rate were observed but were relatively small in magnitude. Variables involved in the calcium regulation system should be included in future efforts to develop a quality of care index for Chronic Kidney disease patients.
Leadership development needs of managers who supervise foreign nurses

Purpose – This concept paper seeks to outline evidenced‐based findings about the current experiences, best practices and leadership development needs of nurse leaders who work with foreign nurses.Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative approach was used to collect data for this project. A convenience sample of ten nursing leaders from different geographic areas in the USA was telephone interviewed to obtain information for this project.Practical implications – Recommendations are made about the type of educational programming that leaders who receive foreign nurses in their work environments will need to facilitate a successful transition.Originality/value – The legal, ethical and human resource issues that surround the international recruitment of nurses have received widespread coverage in the media and nursing literature. Although organizations which do foreign recruitment invest significant resources, little has been written about the challenges in the transition of foreign nurses into healthcare ...
Access Services Management Measures Revisited: From Triage to Marketing to Disarticulation

Access Services at The University of Montana, Mansfield Library has changed and evolved over the last 20 years. Interlibrary Loan and Reserve Material services experienced explosive growth followed by recent continuous declines. Circulation of library materials also generally declined. The previous necessity for and advantage of managing Access Services units together may now be outweighed by new user needs and organizational opportunities. The following new strategic alignment is proposed: combining Circulation, Stack Management, and Copy Services with Reference in an Information Center (and eventually a Student Learning Commons); integrating Interlibrary Loan with Acquisitions; and affiliating Course Reserve Materials with Instruction and Distance Education.
New Light on NO Bonding in Fe(III) Heme Proteins from Resonance Raman Spectroscopy and DFT Modeling

Visible and ultraviolet resonance Raman (RR) spectra are reported for FeIII(NO) adducts of myoglobin variants with altered polarity in the distal heme pockets. The stretching frequencies of the FeIII−NO and N−O bonds, νFeN and νNO, are negatively correlated, consistent with backbonding. However, the correlation shifts to lower νNO for variants lacking a distal histidine. DFT modeling reproduces the shifted correlations and shows the shift to be associated with the loss of a lone-pair donor interaction from the distal histidine that selectively strengthens the N−O bond. However, when the model contains strongly electron-withdrawing substituents at the heme β-positions, νFeN and νNO become positively correlated. This effect results from FeIII−N−O bending, which is induced by lone-pair donation to the NNO atom. Other mechanisms for bending are discussed, which likewise lead to a positive νFeN/νNO correlation, including thiolate ligation in heme proteins and electron-donating meso-substituents in heme models....
The IDOE/NSF Manganese Nodule Project: A Review of Progress

The Seabed Assessment Program of the Offices for the International Decade of Ocean Exploration, U. S. National Science Foundation has sponsored an inter-university project of research on marine manganese nodules since 1972. The project is studying the origin of manganese nodules and attempting to discern what processes lead to ore grade concentrations of minor metals within them. Significant progress has been made in understanding mineralogy, growth rates, sediment age, mode of formation, sediment interstitial fluid compositions, the role of organisms and the seafloor setting in which nodules are found. Future research in the project will be more process oriented than it has been in the past.
Quality of diabetes care for adults with developmental disabilities

Abstract Background Given that individuals with developmental disabilities have a history of difficulty accessing appropriate health care, possess numerous risk factors for diabetes, and frequently have unique needs within the health care setting, it is important to conduct surveillance research to determine the quality of their diabetes care. Objective/Hypothesis We assessed the quality of diabetes care for adults with developmental disabilities enrolled in Kansas Medicaid. Developmental disability was defined in accordance with Kansas Medicaid program eligibility and included individuals with intellectual disability, cerebral palsy, autism, and/or seizure disorder. Methods We identified a retrospective cohort of persons with developmental disabilities who were also diabetic and continuously enrolled in Kansas Medicaid. We tracked their quality of care measures (Hb A1c /glucose testing, cholesterol testing, eye examinations, microalbuminaria screening, and primary care visits) across the subsequent 12 months. Quality care measures were evaluated in relation to basic demographic variables and comorbid hypertension using unconditional logistic regression. Results Among 5,960 adults with developmental disability, 666 had diabetes (11.2%). Annual testing rates were Hb A1c /glucose testing, 51.7%; cholesterol, 44.3%; eye examinations, 29.3%; and microalbuminaria, 18.5%. Nearly all (93.5%) had contact with a primary care provider during the period. Comorbid hypertension was associated with higher rates of Hb A1c , cholesterol testing, and primary care visits. Dual eligibility was associated with lower Hb A1c /glucose testing and cholesterol testing rates but comparable rates for other measures. Caucasians were more likely to have had an eye examination but less likely to have had their microalbumin checked. Conclusions Adults with developmental disabilities and diabetes who were enrolled in the Kansas Medicaid Program were screened at lower frequency than published national figures for key quality indicators of diabetes care. These results call for action to find approaches to improve their quality of care. Further work is needed to understand the barriers to appropriate care and incentives that will remedy these gaps. In addition, research is needed to determine the accuracy of diabetes identification, treatment, and monitoring of adults with developmental disabilities.
DO RETURNING PAROLEES AFFECT NEIGHBORHOOD CRIME? A CASE STUDY OF SACRAMENTO

This study used a unique data set that combines information on parolees in the city of Sacramento, CA, over the 2003–2006 time period with information on monthly crime rates in Sacramento census tracts over this same period, providing us a fine-grained temporal and geographical view of the relationship between the change in parolees in a census tract and the change in the crime rate. We find that an increase in the number of tract parolees in a month results in an increase in the crime rate. We find that more violent parolees have a particularly strong effect on murder and burglary rates. We find that the social capital of the neighborhood can moderate the effect of parolees on crime rates: Neighborhoods with greater residential stability dampen the effect of parolees on robbery rates, whereas neighborhoods with greater numbers of voluntary organizations dampen the effect of parolees on burglary and aggravated assault rates. Furthermore, this protective effect of voluntary organizations seems strongest for those organizations that provide services for youth. We show that the effect of single-parent households in a neighborhood is moderated by the return of parolees, which suggests that these reunited families may increase the social control ability of the neighborhood.
Synthesis of arylethynylated cyclohexa-m-phenylenes via sixfold Suzuki coupling

A one-step, one-pot assembly of arylethynylated cyclohexa-m-phenylenes from meta-dibromide and meta-diboronic acids has been accomplished using a sixfold Suzuki macrocyclization, without the need for high dilution or slow-addition techniques.
Static Equivalency in Progressive Collapse Alternate Path Analysis: Reducing Conservatism While Retaining Structural Integrity

The existing General Services Administration (GSA) and Department of Defense Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) guidelines make use of the alternate path approach for evaluation of a structural system to determine susceptibility to progressive collapse. The alternate path approach presumes that one critical or key member, typically a column, is damaged and rendered incapable of supporting load. The remaining structure must be able to span across this lost member. The existing procedures incorporate material nonlinearity through allowable plastic deformations or through the use of a modified static capacity to incorporate plasticity. The procedures also permit an analyst to evaluate the response of a structure either statically or dynamically. Dynamic inertial effects can be considered directly through the equations of motion inherent in a dynamic analysis or considered indirectly through the modification of dead and live loads in a static analysis. Both the GSA and UFC procedures recommend a static “multip...