cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of UV-RSS spectral measurements and TUV model runs for clear skies for the May 2003 ARM aerosol intensive observation period

The first successful deployment of the fully-operational ultraviolet rotating shadow-band spectroradiometer occurred during the May 2003 US Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program's Aerosol Intensive Observation Period. The aerosol properties in the visible range were characterized using redundant measurements with several instruments to determine the column aerosol optical depth, the single scattering albedo, and the asymmetry parameter needed as input for radiative transfer calculations of the downwelling direct normal and diffuse horizontal solar irradiance in clear-sky conditions. The Tropospheric Ultraviolet and Visible (TUV) radiative transfer model developed by Madronich and his colleagues at the US National Center for Atmospheric Research was used for the calculations of the spectral irradiance between 300–360 nm. Since there are few ultraviolet measurements of aerosol properties, most of the input aerosol data for the radiative transfer model are based on the assumption that UV input parameters can be extrapolated from the visible portion of the spectrum. Disagreements among available extraterrestrial spectra, which are discussed briefly, suggested that instead of comparing irradiances, measured and modeled spectral transmittances between 300–360 nm should be compared for the seven cases studied. Transmittance was calculated by taking the ratios of the measured irradiances to the Langley-derived, top-of-the-atmosphere irradiances. The cases studied included low to moderate aerosol loads and low to high solar-zenith angles. A procedure for retrieving single scattering albedo in the ultraviolet based on the comparisons of direct and diffuse transmittance is outlined.
A Fourier approach to camera orientation

A Fourier technique to determine the orientation of a camera with respect a calibration object is presented. This technique is limited to orthographic projection. Utilizing the Fourier transform combined with orthographic projection, completely decouples the relative orientation of the camera from its translational component. By using this method, the relative orientation of a camera was determined with great accuracy. >
Dynamic Changes in Optical Properties

Most biological tissues are highly scattering, and, at resonant wavelengths, have strong absorption from chromophores such as oxyhemoglobin and water. Optical properties of tissue can vary considerably with time, due to actions that are either deliberate (e.g. application of “optical clearing” agents) or unintentional (e.g. dehydration of ex vivo tissue samples). During photothermal therapy, dramatic shifts in optical properties can occur due to high temperatures and reversible or irreversible biochemical reactions. An understanding of dynamic tissue optical properties is important for at least three reasons: (1) implementing tissue handling protocols that assure repeatable optical property measurements, (2) developing mathematical models that accurately predict therapeutic outcomes, and (3) manipulating tissue optical properties to enhance diagnostic information or therapeutic efficacy.
Pactolus: A Simulator Language Which Makes a Digital Computer Feel Like an Analog Computer (sorta kinda)

In the last 10 years over a dozen block-oriented sim ulation languages have been developed for general- purpose digital computers. Several of these succeeded rather well in the semantics aspect of ...
Interaction of Sla2p's ANTH Domain with PtdIns(4,5)P2 Is Important for Actin-dependent Endocytic Internalization

A variety of studies have implicated the lipid PtdIns(4,5)P2 in endocytic internalization, but how this lipid mediates its effects is not known. The AP180 N-terminal homology (ANTH) domain is a PtdIns(4,5)P2-binding module found in several proteins that participate in receptor-mediated endocytosis. One such protein is yeast Sla2p, a highly conserved actin-binding protein essential for actin organization and endocytic internalization. To better understand how PtdIns(4,5)P2 binding regulates actin-dependent endocytosis, we investigated the functions of Sla2p's ANTH domain. A liposome-binding assay revealed that Sla2p binds to PtdIns(4,5)P2 specifically through its ANTH domain and identified specific lysine residues required for this interaction. Mutants of Sla2p deficient in PtdIns(4,5)P2 binding showed significant defects in cell growth, actin organization, and endocytic internalization. These defects could be rescued by increasing PtdIns(4,5)P2 levels in vivo. Strikingly, mutant Sla2p defective in PtdIns(4,5)P2 binding localized with the endocytic machinery at the cell cortex, establishing that the ANTH-PtdIns(4,5)P2 interaction is not necessary for this association. In contrast, multicolor real-time fluorescence microscopy and particle-tracking analysis demonstrated that PtdIns(4,5)P2 binding is required during endocytic internalization. These results demonstrate that the interaction of Sla2p's ANTH domain with PtdIns(4,5)P2 plays a key role in regulation of the dynamics of actin-dependent endocytic internalization.
Independent Institutional Investors and Equity Returns

We find that the well-documented positive relation between institutional ownership and future equity returns comes almost entirely from independent institutional trading (i.e., change in equity ownership by independent institutions). Not only does independent institutional trading predict future stock returns with no long-run price reversal, it is also positively related to future earnings surprises (relative to analyst expectations) and earnings announcement abnormal returns. In contrast, grey institutions (which have existing or potential business relationships with firms in which they invest) have no such predictive power. Furthermore, the predictive power of independent institutional trading on future stock returns exists only among firms with high information asymmetry, but not among firms with low information asymmetry. Overall, our findings suggest that independent institutions have information advantages over grey institutions in the equity market.
Response gene to complement 32 interacts with Smad3 to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human renal tubular cells.

Previous studies demonstrate that response gene to complement 32 (RGC-32) mediates transforming growth factor-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human renal proximal tubular cell...
Danger of sputum purulence screens in culture of Legionella species

Previous studies have shown the benefit of sputum purulence screens in routine bacterial culture. We have correlated 944 sputum smear and Legionella pneumophila culture results and demonstrated that 47 to 84% of L. pneumophila-positive samples would have been discarded by using established sputum purulence screens. We recommend acceptance of all specimens submitted for Legionella culture.
Neural dissociation in the production of lexical versus classifier signs in ASL : Distinct patterns of hemispheric asymmetry

We examine the hemispheric organization for the production of two classes of ASL signs, lexical signs and classifier signs. Previous work has found strong left hemisphere dominance for the production of lexical signs, but several authors have speculated that classifier signs may involve the right hemisphere to a greater degree because they can represent spatial information in a topographic, non-categorical manner. Twenty-one unilaterally brain damaged signers (13 left hemisphere damaged, 8 right hemisphere damaged) were presented with a story narration task designed to elicit both lexical and classifier signs. Relative frequencies of the two types of errors were tabulated. Left hemisphere damaged signers produced significantly more lexical errors than did right hemisphere damaged signers, whereas the reverse pattern held for classifier signs. Our findings argue for different patterns of hemispheric asymmetry for these two classes of ASL signs. We suggest that the requirement to encode analogue spatial information in the production of classifier signs results in the increased involvement of the right hemisphere systems.
Expression of human cardiac actin in mouse L cells: A sarcomeric actin associates with a nonmuscle cytoskeleton

A cloned human cardiac actin gene, introduced into mouse Ltk- cells, is expressed in several thymidine kinase (tk)-positive cotransfectants. The clones not only produce authentic polyadenylated human cardiac actin mRNA but also synthesize human cardiac actin protein. The cardiac actin protein, normally found only in myofibrils, is stably accumulated at a high level, about one-third that of the endogenous mouse beta-actin. Furthermore, this sarcomeric protein partitions between the Triton X-100 insoluble and soluble phases to the same extent as the endogenous beta-actin. This suggests that a sarcomeric actin can participate in the formation of Triton X-100-insoluble cytoskeletal structures.
The Design and Evaluation of An Information Sharing System for Human Networks

With fast-growing consumer demands and rapidly-developing mobile technologies, portable mobile devices are becoming a necessity of our daily lives. However, existing mobile devices rely on the wireless infrastructure to access Internet services provided by central application providers. This architecture is inefficient in many situations and also does not utilize abundant interdevice communication opportunities in many scenarios. This paper proposes the human network (HUNET), a network architecture that enables information sharing between mobile devices through direct interdevice communication. We design B-SUB, an interest-driven information sharing system for HUNETs. In B-SUB, content and user interests are described by tags, which are human-readable strings that are designated by users. An experiment is performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of this tag-based content description method. To facilitate efficient data dissemination, we invent the Temporal Counting Bloom filter (TCBF) to encode tags, which also reduces the overhead of content routing. Comprehensive theoretical analyses on the parameter tuning of B-SUB are presented and verify B-SUB's ability to work efficiently under various network conditions. We then extend B-SUB's routing scheme to provide a stronger privacy guarantee. Extensive real-world trace-driven simulations are performed to evaluate the performance of B-SUB, and the results demonstrate its efficiency and usefulness.
Grappling with the Past: Wrestling and Performative Identity in Kenya

This article explores the decline of indigenous forms of wrestling under colonial rule in Kenya as well as contemporary attempts to revive the sport. Highlighting the role the colonial and post-colonial state played in marginalising ‘traditional' sports reveals a long history of hierarchical control of sport in Kenya. Local responses to this top-down approach also show how cultural lobbies and grass-roots organisations have tried to preserve, reinvent and market the sport as a moral symbol of masculine ethnic pride and cultural identity amidst a sometimes tense political landscape. With the current historiography of sport in Africa heavily imbalanced in favour of studies that highlight the adaptation of European sports within the continent, this article also serves as an initial examination of the historical roots and colonial decline of indigenous sporting traditions in Kenya.
INCLUSION OF FISSION AND CHARGED-PARTICLE EMISSION IN CALCULATIONS OF NUCLEAR REACTIONS.

Abstract The inclusion of the competition between particle emission and fission in existing intra- nuclear cascade calculations is discussed. It is demonstrated that the cross section for the evaporation from compound-nucleus c of any particles x , be they neutrons or charged particles, can be expressed as σ (c, x , f) = σ c P x Π x i = 1 [ Γ n /( Γ n + Γ f )] i . Here σ c is the compound-nucleus formation cross section, P x is the usual probability of emission of the x particles in the absence of fission, and the factor in brackets considers the competition between fission and particle emission at each step in the evaporation chain. This result is to be contrasted with most earlier treatments that assumed P x = 0 unless all of the emitted particles i were neutrons. The empirical formula of Sikkeland et al. , with its simple dependence upon atomic number Z and neutron number N for heavy-element nuclei, is shown to be an appropriate measure of [ Γ n / ( Γ n + Γ f )] i in cases where charged particles as well as neutrons compete with the fission process. Excitation functions were calculated for reactions of 231 Pa with ≦ 65 MeV protons (see the following paper for a detailed comparison with experiment) and are presented in this paper to illustrate effects due to the inclusion of charged-particle evaporation and fission-spallation competition.
Partial discharges, streamers and trees in condensed matter

Both partial discharges and streamers have been studied in detail but no connection has been established between the two phenomena. In the present paper such a connection is established and it is shown that streamers are the most probable location of partial discharges. In solid dielectrics, imperfections at the metal/dielectric interface might also contribute to the observed partial discharge channels. The significance of these observations is discussed in detail.
Hyper sexual, hyper masculine? Gender, race and sexuality in the identities of contemporary black men

In 1915, The Birth of a Nation became one of the most critically acclaimed and commercially successful films of its time by playing upon brutish stereotypes about black men and the fears of white a...
OCCURRENCE OF RIVERINE WETLANDS ON FLOODPLAINS ALONG A CLIMATIC GRADIENT

The relation between the occurrence of riverine wetlands in floodplains along a humid to semi-arid climatic continuum was studied in two regions. The first included 36 mid-reach streams from Colorado to Iowa, USA, a region with a broad range of PET ratios (potential evapotranspiration/precipitation) from 0.70 to 1.75. The second region included 16 headwater streams in eastern North Carolina with PET ratios ranging from 0.67 to 0.83. Wetland boundaries were identified in the field along transects perpendicular to the floodplain. The width of jurisdictional wetlands was compared with flood-prone width (FPW) and expressed as a percent. An increase in PET ratio corresponded to an exponential decrease in the percentage of the FPW that is wetland. Soil texture, duration of overbank flow, and stream order did not correlate with percentage of FPW that was wetland. Streams with a PET ratio greater than 0.98 did not have wetlands associated with them. Greater channel cross-sectional areas correlated positively with greater wetland widths in both study regions. Overbank flow did not appear to contribute to wetland prevalence. Supplemental ground-water sources, however, as indicated by greater base flows, could not be ruled out as sources contributing to wetland occurrence.
Highly efficient conductance control in a topological insulator based magnetoelectric transistor

The spin-momentum interlocked properties of the topological insulator (TI) surface states are exploited in a transistor-like structure for efficient conductance control in the TI-magnet system. Combined with the electrically induced magnetization rotation as part of the gate function, the proposed structure takes advantage of the magnetically modulated TI electronic band dispersion in addition to the conventional electrostatic barrier. The transport analysis coupled with the magnetic simulation predicts super-steep current-voltage characteristics near the threshold along with the GHz operating frequencies. Potential implementation to a complementary logic is also examined. The predicted characteristics are most suitable for applications requiring low power or those with small signals.
Are natural disasters in early childhood associated with mental health and substance use disorders as an adult

Understanding factors that influence risk for mental health and substance use disorders is critical to improve population health and reduce social costs imposed by these disorders. We examine the impact of experiencing a natural disaster-a serious fire, tornado, flood, earthquake, or hurricane-by age five on adult mental health and substance use disorders. The analysis uses data from the 2004 to 2005 National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions. The analysis sample includes 27,129 individuals ages 21-64 years. We also exploit information on parenting strategies to study how parents respond to natural disasters encountered by their children. We find that experiencing one or more of these natural disasters by age five increases the risk of mental health disorders in adulthood, particularly anxiety disorders, but not substance use disorders. Parents alter some, but not all, of their parenting strategies following a natural disaster experienced by their children. It is important to provide support, for example through counseling services and financial assistance, to families and children exposed to natural disasters to mitigate future mental health and substance use problems attributable to such exposure.
SPACE SAFETY IS NO ACCIDENT HOW THE AEROSPACE CORPORATION PROMOTES SPACE SAFETY

The Aerospace Corporation (Aerospace) conducts extensive space safety activities as a part of its overall mission assurance responsibilities. This paper spotlights safety insights gleaned by Aerospace from past space mishaps. It also explains how Aerospace conducts cross-program analysis, extracts lessons, codifies best practices, and shares its broad knowledge base across the space community.
Biomineralization, edited by Patricia M. Dove, James J. De Yoreo and Steve Weiner.: Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 54, 2003, xiii + 381 pp. [ISBN 0-939950-66-9]. Price $36 ($27 for CMS, MSA and GS members).

With the publication of Biomineralization, Volume 54 of the acclaimed Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry series, the Mineralogical Society of America and the Geochemical Society continue their up-to-the-minute chronicling of the on-going collaboration between Earth and life sciences. Comprising review papers submitted following a two-day short course in December 2003 in Napa, California, the book presents the state of the inherently interdisciplinary science aimed at understanding the processes whereby organisms form minerals and the geological and evolutionary implications of these phenomena. An overview chapter begins the book and the editors use this opportunity to delineate the large themes of the volume, differentiate between biologically controlled and induced mineralization and deliver a stern warning to investigators concerning the Vital Effect. Two introductory background chapters follow, one on molecular biology and …
Enthalpy of uranium tetrafluoride from 298–1400°K: enthalpy and entropy of fusion

Abstract The enthalpy of UF 4 from room temperature up into the liquid phase has been measured in order to clarify some questionable thermochemical behavior reported in the literature. Our measured entropy of fusion for UF 4 of 8·6 cal °K −1 mol −1 is considerably lower than the 12·7 cal °K −1 mol −1 reported for the isostructural compound ZrF 4 . However, at 1400°K the absolute entropy of UF 4 is seven entropy units higher than that for ZrF 4 . No evidence for a solid state transition in UF 4 was found.
Coat Color Genetics of Peromyscus: III. Golden-Nugget—A Recessive Trait in the White-Footed Mouse, P. Ieucopus

A novel pelage color variant appeared in a laboratory colony of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) from Massachusetts. The mature adult coat color of this variant exhibits a rich golden tan appearance on the dorsum with white underparts. The trait is inherited as an autosomal recessive. Phenotypic comparisons with other rodents suggest that the trait is attributable to an allele at the brown (b) locus. Under laboratory conditions homozygous or heterozygous golden-nugget Peromyscus do not differ significantly from the wild type in litter size, litter survival, nest defense, or body weight. The possibility that the allele confers some adaptive value in nature is considered. The trait is given the tentative designation bgn (golden-nugget).
Plant epigenetics: from genotype to phenotype and back again.

A report on the Plant Epigenetics: From Genotype to Phenotype Keystone Symposium held in Taos, New Mexico, USA, 15–19 February, 2016.
ENZYME DIFFERENTIATION AND PHYLOGENY IN CLARKIA FRANCISCANA, C. RUBICUNDA AND C. AMOENA.

When chromosomal reorganization in annual plants results in rapid speciation, the derivative species closely resemble their parents in morphological features and often in ecological tolerances. This suggests that divergence at the genetic level, i.e., the establishment of new alleles, is a much slower process than the erection of reproductive isolating barriers. The extent of genetic divergence at large numbers of loci can be established by gel electrophoresis of enzymes and other proteins. Several species of Clarkia furnish some of the most intensively studied examples of rapid speciation in annual plants (Lewis, 1962, 1966). In order to investigate the genetic consequences of rapid speciation, electrophoretic studies of enzyme differentiation were initiated in Clarkia franciscana, C. rubicunda and C. amoena. Clarkia franciscana consists of a single population on a serpentine outcrop in San Francisco, California, and occurs near the northern periphery of the distribution of C. rubicunda. Clarkia amoena replaces C. rubicunda just north of San Francisco Bay and is found northward to British Columbia. The three species are closely similar morphologically but hybrids between any two of them have very low fertilities caused by meiotic irregularities attributed to gross chromosomal structural differences (Lewis and Raven, 1958a). Clarkia fransiscana is morphologically uniform and highly self-pollinating, and has been observed (ibid.) to fluctuate in numbers from 600 to 4000 individuals in different years. In contrast, both of the other Clarkias generally outcross, consist of large numbers of populations, and are morphologically and ecologically variable. On the basis of distributions, overall variabilities, cytogenetic studies and other evidence, Lewis and Raven proposed that C. amoena is an ancient species and gave rise to C. rubicunda which, in turn, is the progenitor of C. franciscana. The latter species is thought to have originated relatively recently, perhaps at its present site, as a consequence of rapid reorganization of chromosomes brought about by forced inbreeding among surviving individuals of a population of C. rubicunda which had been subjected to a sudden, severe environmental stress such as early-season drought.
Civic Membership, Family Status, and the Chinese in America, 1870s–1920s

Chinese women and children, or their advocates, brought many legal challenges to decrees denying them entry into the United States or seeking to deport them. Relying on more than 150 reported habeas corpus cases decided in West Coast federal courts between 1875 and 1924, we examine how courts helped to structure the rise of the administrative state through controversies involving the boundaries of citizenship, legal residency, and familial status. Cases involving those particularly vulnerable individuals whose statuses were conditioned upon their familial bonds helped to shape the meaning and scope of civic membership. Amid political conflict within institutions of the American state and increasing pressure to curtail immigration, the courts gradually ceded primary decision-making authority to administrative agents, legalizing the administrative state. However, courts continued to supervise what kinds of decisions administrators could make, what kinds of procedures administrators had to use, and what kinds of evidence had to be considered in order to render legitimate the exercise of administrative discretion. Chinese women and children seeking recognition of their citizenship or permanent residency posed what were perceived as moral and civic dangers to the family and the state. This rendered their direct rights claims less enforceable as administrators’ authority to determine status expanded.
Model Selection Management Systems: The Next Frontier of Advanced Analytics

John Boyd recognized in the 1960's the importance of situation awareness for military operations and introduced the notion of the OODA loop (Observe, Orient, Decide, and Act). Today we realize that many applications have to deal with situation awareness: Customer Relationship Management, Human Capital Management, Supply Chain Management, patient care, power grid management, and cloud services management, as well as any IoT (Internet of Things) related application; the list seems to be endless. Situation awareness requires applications to support the management of data, knowledge, processes, and other services such as social networking in an integrated way. These applications additionally require high personalization as well as rapid and continuous evolution. They must provide a wide variety of operational and functional requirements, including real time processing.Handcrafting these applications is an almost impossible task requiring exhaustive resources for development and maintenance. Due to the resources and time involved in their development, these applications typically fall way short of the desired functionality, operational characteristics, and ease and speed of evolution. We - the authors - have developed a model enabling the development and maintenance of situation-aware applications in a declarative and therefore economical manner; we call this model KIDS - Knowledge Intensive Data-processing System.
Magnetic flux stabilizing thin accretion discs

We calculate the minimal amount of large-scale poloidal magnetic field that has to thread the inner, radiation-over-gas pressure dominated region of a thin disk for its thermal stability. Such a net field amplifies the magnetization of the saturated turbulent state and makes it locally stable. For a $10 M_\odot$ black hole the minimal magnetic flux is $10^{24}(\dot M/\dot M_{\rm Edd})^{20/21}\,\rm G\cdot cm^{2}$. This amount is compared with the amount of uniform magnetic flux that can be provided by the companion star -- estimated to be in the range $10^{22}-10^{24}\,\rm G\cdot cm^2$. If accretion rate is large enough, the companion is not able to provide the required amount and such a system, if still sub-Eddington, must be thermally unstable. The peculiar variability of GRS 1915+105, an X-ray binary with the exceptionally high BH mass and near-Eddington luminosity, may result from the shortage of large scale poloidal field of uniform polarity.
Opportunties and challenges of tunnel FETs

Sustaining of Moore's Law over the next decade will require not only continued scaling of the physical dimensions of transistors but also performance improvement and aggressive reduction in power consumption. Hetero-junction Tunnel FET (TFET) have emerged as promising transistor candidates for supply voltage scaling down to sub-0.5V due to the possibility of sub-kT/q switching without compromising on-current (Ion). Recently, n-type III-V HTFET with reasonable on-current and sub-kT/q switching at supply voltage of 0.5V have been experimentally demonstrated. However, steep switching performance of III-V HTFET till date has been limited to range of drain current (IDS) spanning over less than a decade. In this invited presentation, we will review progress in Tunnel FETs and analyze primary roadblocks in the path towards achieving steep switching performance in III-V HTFET.
Isolation and Identification of 2-Phenoxyethanol from a Ballpoint Pen Ink as a Trail-Following Substance of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and Reticulitermes sp.

Isolation and identification of 2-phenoxyethanol from a ballpoint pen ink as a termite trail-following substance was accomplished by using trail-following bioassays, column chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This chemical elicited trail-following in both C. formosanus Shiraki and Reticulitermes sp.
CyclinA2 as a Proliferation Marker for Peripheral Blood T Cell Subsets Measured by Flow Cytometry.

Abstract Proliferation is regarded as a sensitive parameter for assessing immune response to infectious agents, autoimmune conditions, and organ engraftment in transplantation. Proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMC) cells has been measured by a number of flow cytometric methods including propidium iodide (PI), incorporation of Bromo-deoxy-uridine (BrdUr), and dilution of Carboxy-fluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester (CFSE) intensity. Standardization of these methods however, has been hampered by their technical complexity. The restricted expression of CyclinA2 protein in the cytoplasm during the S and G2 cell cycle phases has provided the basis for a simplified intracellular flow-based proliferation assay. In these studies, ex vivo stimulated human PBMC were tested for the validation of CyclinA2 as a proliferation marker for T cell subsets. Freshly isolated or cryopreserved PBMCs were incubated in vitro with SEB/CD28 for periods up to 72 hours and processed using different methodologies for lymphocyte cell cycle measurement. These included BrdUr /7AAD, PI/CyclinA2; cylinA2 with additional T cell phenotyping markers and a combined CyclinA2 /BrdUr proliferation method. Results for each cell subset were scored for the percentage of positive proliferating cells by each methodology. PBMC co-stained for CyclinA2 and DNA content by PI demonstrated that all cells expressing Cyclin A2 corresponded to cells at S or G2 phase. Furthermore, the time course assays combining BrdUr labeling with CvclinA2 confirmed that CyclinA2 expression corresponded selectively to cells incorporating BrdUr. When PMBC were surface phenotyped for CD3 and CD4/CD8, reproducible populations of CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets incorporating BrdUr were measured for expression of Cyclin A2. In our assay model 11 to 15 % positively stained for Cyclin A2 corresponded to approximately 10% and 5% of CD3/8 and CD3/4 CyclinA2 cells, respectively. The percentage of total BrdUr and total CyclinA2 positive cells that were detected in the dual-labeled specimens corresponded to the percentage detected by each individual method. In conclusion, measurement of in vitro lymphocytes proliferation using expression of CyclinA2 protein expression is highly correlated with BrdUr uptake demonstrating that CyclinA2 is an accurate marker of cell proliferation. Preparation of cells for measuring Cyclin A2 takes only 60 minutes as compared with a total 12 to 16 hours for BrdUr pulsing and staining time. The simple CyclinA2 preparation method described here makes it a practical, fast, and reliable proliferation flow assay that can be easily standardized for enumeration of proliferating lymphocyte subsets.
“We Likkle, but We Tallawah”: Maintaining Competitive Advantage in the Crowded Specialty Coffee Market

The Jamaican coffee industry (JCI) has exhibited key characteristics of what it means to have a competitive advantage (CA) for a number of decades. However, the last 5–10 years have seen strong challenges to this CA. The author explores the deeper dynamics of these challenges using a five forces analysis as developed by Michael Porter in addition to a thematic analysis of semistructured interviews and data from various local and international coffee organizations to assess the various forces of the model. It was revealed that the unique nature of the JCI’s product led to moderate bargaining power as a supplier, which acted as an effective buffer to the high bargaining power of global coffee buyers. These findings highlighted the importance of seeking new markets and embedding symbolic attributes as part of the overarching drive to maintain viability within specialty product markets.
Basal-pyramidal dislocation lock in deformed magnesium

Abstract Dislocations and stacking faults in unalloyed magnesium processed by equal-channel-angular-extrusion are investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Stacking faults as wide as hundreds of nanometers and complex dislocation configurations are revealed, which creates diffraction contrast that is challenging to interpret. To elucidate the dislocation interaction, atomistic simulations are conducted. The concomitant results show that the leading partial dislocations on the basal and the pyramidal planes interact and form a dislocation lock, creating the diffraction contrast observed in experiments. The dislocation locks may act as obstacles to dislocation glide and contribute to hardening.
Restorative Rhetoric and Social Media: An Examination of the Boston Marathon Bombing

This study analyzes Boston Mayor Thomas Menino’s rhetoric via Twitter following the Boston Marathon Bombing, exploring how a leader engaged in crisis communication using social media. Guided by restorative rhetoric, we examine how Menino included strategic communication (alleviate risk and restore public safety) and humanistic communication (focusing on the more substantive issues of crisis leadership) in his tweets. Our analysis is grounded in the five tenets of restorative rhetoric as a theoretical lens: initial reaction; assessment of the crisis; issues of blame; healing and forgiveness; and corrective action and rebuilding through a rhetorical vision. The findings demonstrate the utility of social media in aiding leaders as they provide critical information and guidance amid high uncertainty while also initiating the healing process, including fostering resilience.
Future-Oriented Motivation and Retention in Computer Science

Retaining students in computer science (CS) courses and majors is a concern for many undergraduate CS programs in the United States. A large proportion of students who initially declare a major in CS do not complete a CS degree. The impact of future-oriented motivational constructs such as career aspirations and future connectedness on retention has received relatively little research attention, but these are potential contributors to students' retention in CS courses. The purpose of this study was to investigate how future-oriented motivation related to CS students' retention in CS courses over three consecutive semesters. Students enrolled in CS courses (four 100-level courses, one 200-level course, three 300-level courses, and five 400-level courses) completed survey measures of future-oriented motivation, and course enrollment data were collected for the three semesters. Logistic regression was used to determine whether motivation variables could distinguish between students who were enrolled in at least one CS course during a given semester and students who were not enrolled in any CS courses. Results indicate that, across all three semesters, career aspirations and knowledge of CS career paths were associated with a greater likelihood of continuing to take CS courses, and stronger future connectedness was associated with a lower likelihood of continuing to take CS courses. Implications for CS educators are discussed.
Patient-Reported Sexual Aid Utilization and Efficacy After Radiation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer.

Purpose To report sexual health–related quality of life outcomes and utilization and efficacy of sexual aids in a contemporary cohort of patients treated for localized prostate cancer. Patients and Methods Between 2008 and 2013, 471 consecutive men with localized prostate cancer were treated on 2 institutional protocols (NCT01766492, NCT01618851) or on a prospective institutional registry with patient-reported health-related quality of life. All patients were treated with ultra-hypofractionated radiation therapy. Erectile function (EF) was defined as “firm enough for intercourse” with or without aids per Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite-26 (n = 222 at baseline); results apply to this cohort unless specifically noted. Sexual aid utilization and efficacy were patient reported. Multivariable analysis of EF was performed. Results Median follow-up was 60 months, median age was 67 years, and 70% had intermediate- or high-risk disease per National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. At 24 and 60 months, questionnaire response rates were 86% and 67%, and EF was retained in 53% and 41%, respectively. Baseline sexual aid utilization was 37% (n = 82) and was associated with lower 24-month EF preservation on multivariable analysis (adjusted odds ratio 0.49, 95% confidence interval 0.26-0.92). By 60 months, 70% of men had tried aids. Of those who found aids helpful at baseline, 84% to 89% reported continued benefit at 24 to 60 months. Among aid-naive patients, efficacy was 80% with first-time use within 12 months and 70% more than 12 months after radiation therapy (P = .02). Among men who developed erectile dysfunction but found sexual aids helpful, 25% were not current users at 60 months. Conclusions One-third of men used sexual aids at baseline, which doubled by 5 years after radiation therapy. Self-reported efficacy was high and sustained. Despite significant declines in EF, a number of men reported helpfulness of aids but were not active users. Future study is required to understand drivers of aid utilization to optimize posttreatment sexual function.
Effects of strain localization on the corrosion behavior of ultra-fine grained aluminum alloy AA6061

Abstract The formation of shear bands during high strain deformation processes is known to promote grain refinement and better mechanical response. However, the literature on how shear bands affect corrosion of aluminum alloys, supported by relevant microstructure characterizations is scarce. Here we provide insight into precipitate aggregation phenomena in a partially recrystallized microstructure. We elucidate how shear bands affect the material’s corrosion susceptibility and degradation mechanism. Our results demonstrate that shear bands, in ultra-fine grained aluminum alloys, are preferential sites for pitting and intergranular corrosion due to particle segregation.
Using the United States Census Data to Introduce Differential Equations

This article describes a method for using the United States Census data to open a differential equations course. The question of finding a model for the United States population data gives students...
A personal retrospective on the genetics of aging

This is a personal account of the early days in the genetic analysis of aging when it was difficult to persuade the world that there were genes that specified life prolongation. I describe the situation in 1980 and briefly describe the background of early work on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and my role in the revolution in aging research that has occurred in the last 20 years.
Empirical Bayesian approach to testing multiple hypotheses with separate priors for left and right alternatives.

We consider a multiple hypotheses problem with directional alternatives in a decision theoretic framework. We obtain an empirical Bayes rule subject to a constraint on mixed directional false discovery rate (mdFDR≤α) under the semiparametric setting where the distribution of the test statistic is parametric, but the prior distribution is nonparametric. We proposed separate priors for the left tail and right tail alternatives as it may be required for many applications. The proposed Bayes rule is compared through simulation against rules proposed by Benjamini and Yekutieli and Efron. We illustrate the proposed methodology for two sets of data from biological experiments: HIV-transfected cell-line mRNA expression data, and a quantitative trait genome-wide SNP data set. We have developed a user-friendly web-based shiny App for the proposed method which is available through URL https://npseb.shinyapps.io/npseb/. The HIV and SNP data can be directly accessed, and the results presented in this paper can be executed.
The US Transuranium and Uranium Registries (USTUR): A Five-Decade Follow-Up Of Plutonium and Uranium Workers

Dedication: The research of the US Transuranium and Uranium Registries relies heavily upon postmortem autopsy findings and radiochemical analysis of tissues. The enormous debt owed to those now-deceased registrants who unselfishly voluntarily participated in the US Transuranium and Uranium Registries program through postmortem donation of their tissues and to those still-living registrants who have volunteered to be future postmortem tissue donors is hereby acknowledged with gratitude. The scientific findings derived from postmortem analysis of these tissues have been instrumental in advancing our understanding of the actinide elements in humans and have led to refinement, validation, and confidence in safety standards for those who work with these elements as well as for the general public. To these generous and anonymous persons who made this ultimate contribution, this paper is dedicated with great thanks and admiration.
Triangular Tiles for Your Patio

Students are led from a simple beginning to levels that will challenge their spatial problem-solving abilities and encourage their creativity. The challenges involve working with rotations and reflections and deciding if two tiles are really the same or are different. The students have a chance to be creative when they are asked to make up their own designs, including coloring and other artwork, to show customers how a particular tile will look when installed as a floor. This
Circumvent anxiety of patients (CAP) while receiving chemotherapy at one-day hospital.

e20500 Background: Transforming patient anxiety to comfort during chemotherapy delivery is the desire of every cancer care givers. For the first time, a beauty clinic services are offered to adult ...
Temperature-dependent anisotropies of upper critical field and London penetration depth

We show on a few examples of one-band materials with spheroidal Fermi surfaces and anisotropic order parameters that anisotropies ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{H}$ of the upper critical field and ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$ of the London penetration depth depend on temperature, a feature commonly attributed to multiband superconductors. The parameters ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{H}$ and ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$ may have opposite temperature dependences or may change in the same direction depending on the Fermi-surface shape and on the character of the gap nodes. For two-band systems, the behavior of anisotropies is affected by the ratios of bands densities of states, Fermi velocities, anisotropies, and order parameters. We investigate in detail the conditions determining the directions of temperature dependences of the two anisotropy factors.
Deep Learning-Based Feature-Aware Data Modeling for Complex Physics Simulations.

Data modeling and reduction for in situ is important. Feature-driven methods for in situ data analysis and reduction are a priority for future exascale machines as there are currently very few such methods. We investigate a deep-learning based workflow that targets in situ data processing using autoencoders. We propose a Residual Autoencoder integrated Residual in Residual Dense Block (RRDB) to obtain better performance. Our proposed framework compressed our test data into 66 KB from 2.1 MB per 3D volume timestep.
Musings on Native American language reclamation and sociolinguistics

Sociolinguistic approaches to Native American languages are best conducted as part of a project of “language reclamation,” argues Wesley Y. Leonard. He discusses how framings of Indigenous languages as “endangered,” while in some ways well-intentioned, replicate the distance of language communities from scholarly research. An emphasis on reclamation – “efforts by Indigenous communities to claim the right to speak their heritage languages” – highlights the role of the community members in the production of knowledge on and the revival of Native American languages.
Identifying and overcoming barriers to trauma screening in the primary care setting.

Introduction: Underrecognition of trauma exposure and PTSD has a significant impact on psychiatric health, physical health, and health behaviors. The purpose of this study is to explore barriers and opportunities for trauma screening in primary care. Methods: Primary care physicians (PCPs) and their patients were interviewed about the acceptability of trauma screening and brief treatment in primary care. Interview transcripts were coded and analyzed for themes using Atlas v. 7.0. Results: Data showed PCPs informally screen for trauma but were hampered by organizational constraints including time, availability of behavioral health providers, and knowledge of trauma-informed-care practices. Most patients with trauma history met with behavioral health providers during their lifetimes, but still did not believe it was the PCPs' role to address trauma exposure, had fears of "appearing crazy," or were ambivalent about seeking treatment. Discussion: Findings suggest an enormous complexity involved in screening for trauma in primary care service delivery. Trauma screening appears to work best within the course of relationship building where patients can begin to see that their physician is capable of playing an important role in managing trauma, depression, and PTSD symptoms. We address how trauma discussion can take place within existing trauma informed care guidelines. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Changes in opioid discharge prescriptions after primary total hip and total knee arthroplasty affect opioid refill rates and morphine milligram equivalents : an institutional experience of 20,000 patients.

Aims Due to the opioid epidemic in the USA, our service progressively decreased the number of opioid tablets prescribed at discharge after primary hip (THA) and knee (TKA) arthroplasty. The goal of...
Pellet Patterns Produced by Remington Multirange Duplex Shotshells

Remington and Federal ammunition manufacturers now offer shotshells that contain more than one pellet size. The purpose of these shotshells is to provide a brushcutting, multirange capability for the hunter. Remington Multirange Duplex shotshells containing No. 2 and No. 6 birdshot were fired from a 12-gauge shotgun at paper targets at ranges of 3.0, 6.1, 9.1, and 12.2 m (10, 20, 30, and 40 ft, respectively). The sizes of the shot patterns produced by the Duplex shotshells (determined as the square root of the area of the smallest rectangle that would just enclose the shot pattern) were compared with patterns fired at the same ranges using Remington No. 2 and No. 6 birdshot cartridges. The sizes of the pellet patterns produced by the Duplex shotshells were similar to those produced by the No. 6 birdshot shotshells at the same ranges. Examination of the pellet patterns produced by the Duplex shotshells revealed that the patterns consisted of No. 6 birdshot patterns superimposed on smaller No. 2 birdshot patterns.
The mitochondrial genome of Chlamydomonas

Treatment of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with acriflavin induces, with nearly 100% efficiency, lethal minute colony mutants which are able to undergo only 8+9 mitotic divisions under photosynthetic conditions and almost no division in darkness. The minute mutation is inherited in a non-Mendelian biparental fashion and differs in this respect from the non-Mendelian uniparentally inherited mutations previously described in Chlamydomonas which are thought to reside in chloroplast DNA. The minute mutations may well be analogous to the respiratory deficient petite mutations which acriflavin induces in yeast and may arise from alterations in mitochondrial DNA.