cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recovery From a 1-Minute Bout of Fatiguing Exercise: Characteristics, Reliability, and Responsiveness

Background and Purpose. The purposes of this study were (1) to describe the characteristics of recovery of peak torque after a 1-minute bout of isokinetic exercise of the quadriceps femoris muscle, (2) to determine the short-term reliability of the recovery of peak torque, and (3) to detemine whether the recovery of peak torque more closely associates with maximal endurance exercise capacity than does the decline in peak torque at the end of the fatigue test. Subjects. Thirty-three nondisabled subjects, ranging in age from 23 to 34 years (X=27, SD=3.4), participated in the reliability portion (phase 1) of the study. A different group of 21 nondisabled subjects, ranging in age from 21 to 47 years (X=27.5, SD=5.2), participated in the correlational portion (phase 2) of the study. Methods. The short-term reliability of percentage of decline in peak torque and recovery of peak torque was assessed in phase 1. Each subject performed two quadriceps femoris muscle fatigue tests (test-retest) on an isokinetic dynamometer. In phase 2, each subject performed a single fatigue test and a test of maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max) to examine the relationships between Vo2max and percentage of decline in peak torque at the end of the fatigue test and recovery of peak torque. Results. Intraclass correlation coefficient values at every 30-second interval during recovery were acceptable (ICC=.67–.87), indicating recovery of peak torque is a consistent measure of quadriceps femoris muscle performance. A high negative correlation (r=−.84) was found between the percentage of decline at 30 seconds of recovery and Vo2max, but a lower negative correlation (r=−.48) was found between the percentage of decline in torque at the end of the fatigue test and Vo2max. Conclusion and Discussion. These results suggest recovery of peak torque is a reliable measure of muscle performance and closely associates with maxima1 aerobic exercise capacity.
Students’ Emotional Experiences in Direct Versus Indirect Academic Service-Learning Courses

Research in psychology has emphasized the important role emotions play in learning (Pekrun, 1992). The purpose of the study highlighted in this article was to compare the emotional experiences of college students enrolled in direct academic service-learning (AS-L) courses with those of students enrolled in indirect AS-L courses. Eighteen college students participated in individual interviews, discussing positive and negative emotions resulting from their AS-L experiences. Students who engaged in direct AS-L reported significant emotional responses to interactions with people at their AS-L site. Students who engaged in indirect AS-L courses emphasized their emotional responses to working with peers and community partners. Participants in direct service-learning classes made very few references to the emotional aspects of discussions, assignments, or other activities that occurred in class, while college students in indirect service-learning classes more frequently reported emotional responses to the coursework.
Distributed Adaptive Optimal Regulation of Uncertain Large-Scale Linear Networked Control Systems Using Q-Learning

A novel Q-learning approach is introduced for the design of a linear adaptive regulator for a large-scale interconnected system. The subsystems communicate with each other through a network. The network induced random delays and data drop out are modeled along with the system dynamics. Stochastic Q-learning is used to estimate the Q-function parameters for the case of periodic and intermittent feedback. The estimated parameters are subsequently used for the regulator design without using value and policy iterations. The asymptotic convergence of the system state vector and bounded ness of the parameter vector is demonstrated using Lyapunov analysis. Further, when the regression vector of the Q-function estimator satisfies the persistency of excitation (PE) condition, the Q-function parameters converge to the expected target values. The analytical design is evaluated using numerical examples via simulation.
The impact of sociological orientation on pedagogy: A reconsideration of teacher training in sociology Ph.D. Departments

The emphasis in sociology Ph.D. programs continues to be on training researchers rather than teachers. This is a serious mistake, given the overwhelming proportion of students who go on to academic careers that require at least some time in the classroom. Departments that offer some type of graduate training in teaching focus almost exclusively on the students’ mastery of pedagogical strategies—tools, tips, and techniques for improving their instruction. But this approach neglects students’ assumptions about sociology as a discipline—or their sociological orientations—that underlie and inform their pedagogical choices. This paper explicates the relationship between sociological orientation and pedagogical practice, and asserts that graduate students need to consider their orientation to the discipline before stepping inside a classroom. This may be effectively accomplished through a required year-long seminar to be taken during the second year of graduate study. The first semester would be devoted to the issues, debates, and questions that currently characterize the discipline. The second would consider the “nuts and bolts” of teaching, and how pedagogical practice derives from sociological orientation. Students would also work as teaching assistants before, during, and after completing the seminar. They would then be required to teach at least one course of their choice before graduating. During this first teaching experience, each graduate student would work closely with a faculty mentor.
Potential Impacts of an Exclusionary Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement on Agriculture in the US and Japan

The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is a free trade agreement that hopes to eliminate all tariff and non-tariff trade barriers between 12 participating countries. Japan, the fourth-largest trading partner for the United States, is a significant player in the negotiations. Due to cultural and historical significance it is expected that Japan will ask for exclusions on agricultural products, limiting the overall effectiveness of a fully liberalised agreement. Using a computable general equilibrium modelling framework across varying scenarios, we show the difference between the full liberalisation and potential exclusionary scenarios. Estimates show that a 25 per cent reduction in import tariffs on agricultural commodities in Japan results in a difference of net welfare benefits equal to –USD 7 billion, emphasising the importance of these concessions.JEL Classification:F14, F15, Q17
Imaging Brother, Imagining Other: African Characters in Diaspora Cinema and African Diaspora Characters in African Cinema

Filmmakers of Africa and the African diaspora have a long tradition of imagining their brothers and sisters from other parts of global Africa in their films, such as Ousmane Sembenes African American GI in Camp de Thioroye (1988) or Nnegest Likkes Nigerian love interest in Phat Girlz (2006). These characters help connect a broken line of history, and explore how racism and imperialism impact contemporary global Africa. Through a survey of commercial and independent global African narrative films, this study takes a cultural-critical look at the presence of diaspora Africans in African cinema and the presence of Africans in African diaspora cinema. This study, specifically, interrogates how these characters advance the films narratives. The primary research question is: What is the function of African characters in diaspora cinema and African diaspora characters in global African cinema? Do they serve as comic relief, stereotypes, or authentic representations? Do they serve to heal long open wounds of loss and trauma? The study also asks: How do representations compare from different parts of global Africa and how do they compare from earlier to contemporary global African cinema?
Managing with data: Using ACRLmetrics and PLAmetrics, by Peter Hernon, Robert E. Dugan, and Joseph R. Matthews

Peter Hernon, Robert E. Dugan, and Joseph R. Matthews are names that are familiar to those who are interested in understanding how librarians evaluate their operations and how evaluation practices ...
Prevalence of weight related chronic diseases among some community residents in Nanjing City

[Objective]To analyze the prevalence of overweight /obesity and diabetes,hypertension,dyslipidemia among some community residents through investigation,provide scientific evidence for related department to adopt effective control measures.[Methods]By multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling,812 residents above 18 years were surveyed on physical and laboratory examinations from communities in Nanjing City.According to BMI and WHR,the rates of overweight and obesity were calculated,and the relationship among hypertension,diabetes and dyslipidemia was analyzed.[Results]A total of 812 residents were investigated,rate of overweight,obesity and central obesity was 39.4%,17.6% and 62.9%,respectively.And the prevalence rate of hypertension,dyslipidemia and diabetes was 36.8%,28.3%,13.6%,respectively.The older group of overweight and obesity rate,central obesity rate,and the prevalence rate of dyslipidemia,diabetes and hypertension were higher than those of lower age group.The prevalence rate of hypertension,diabetes,TG abnormalities and HDL-C abnormal illness of overweight and obesity group(or central obesity group) were higher than those of normal weight group,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).[Conclusion]The investigation shows that the rates of overweight and obesity,and the prevalence rate of diabetes has increased in Nanjing City.
The pathology of slipping of the upper femoral epiphysis

Biopsies specimens from the femoral neck and head of three patients with early slipping of the upper femoral epiphysis were obtained. The epiphyseal plate in these patients was found to be wide and greatly disrupted, and clefts had occurred in areas of the plate. There were no signs of rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, or infection. The epiphyseal-plate lesion appears to be due to loss of cohesion of the cartilage matrix, presumably caused by an alteration of the chemical composition of the ground substance. This lesion appears to be mainly responsible for the epiphyseal slipping. Metabolic studies of these children have shown an abnormality in the protein metabolism similar to the one found in children with adolescent scoliosis. The epiphyseal-plate lesions in these patients were similar to the lesions observed in experimental animals fed minimal amounts of aminonitriles.
Naloxone alters organ perfusion during endotoxin shock in conscious rats

Antagonism of endogenous opioids has been shown to improve survival time, increase blood pressure, and attenuate acidosis during endotoxin shock. However, some of the most severe problems associated with this condition arise from the circulatory disturbances that occur. We investigated the circulatory effects of naloxone during endotoxin shock as they relate to hemodynamic parameters in conscious, unrestrained rats. Blood flow and hemodynamic variables were measured in male, Sprague-Dawley rats (300-400 g) 24 h after surgical preparation. Rats were challenged with either 10 mg/kg Escherichia coli endotoxin (100% lethal dose) or intravenous saline. Measurements were made at 0, 10, 30, and 60 min postchallenge. Naloxone (2 mg/kg) or saline was given as a treatment (intravenous bolus) at 25 min postchallenge. Cardiac output and blood distribution (%CO) and flow were measured with radiolabeled microspheres. Cardiac output was depressed and total peripheral resistance was elevated 10 min into endotoxin shock. Naloxone treatment improved blood pressure significantly during endotoxin shock, as would be expected with the observed increase in total peripheral vascular resistance and no significant change in cardiac output. Improved perfusion of skeletal muscle is a likely explanation for lower serum lactate levels that have been reported to occur in this model after naloxone administration. Our data also indicate that naloxone may improve cardiac efficiency and does not interfere with maintenance of global cerebral blood flow. Collectively, these effects would contribute to the observed improved survival time after naloxone treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Observing Single, Heterogeneous, One-Electron Transfer Reactions

Understanding electrochemical events on the single-molecule level is crucial for fields such as catalysis and biological systems. A variety of techniques exist to study the electrochemistry of single molecules, but few provide correlated chemical information. Herein, we study the electrochemistry of rhodamine 6G in nonaqueous conditions and demonstrate the first statistic electrochemical single-molecule SERS (EC-SMSERS) proof of single-electron transfer events. We find that the distribution of reduction events is broader than that in a bulk electrochemical experiment. The distribution of the reduction potentials can be explained by molecular reorientation and variations of the local surface site or chemical potential of the Ag nanoparticle. Our results contribute toward understanding electrochemical behavior of single molecules on the nanoscale monitored by SERS and the ultimate goal of controlling single-electron transfer processes.
The gut microbiome of the sea urchin, Lytechinus variegatus, from its natural habitat demonstrates selective attributes of microbial taxa and predictive metabolic profiles.

In this paper we describe the microbial composition and their predictive metabolic profile in the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus gut ecosystem along with samples from its habitat by using NextGen amplicon sequencing and downstream bioinformatics analyses. The microbial communities of the gut tissue revealed a near exclusive abundance of Campylobacteraceae, whereas the pharynx tissue consisted of Tenericutes, followed by Gamma-, Alpha-, and Epsilonproteobacteria at approximately equal capacities. The gut digesta and egested fecal pellets exhibited a microbial profile comprised of Gammaproteobacteria, mainly Vibrio , and Bacteroidetes. Both the seagrass and surrounding sea water revealed Alpha- and Betaproteobacteria. Bray-Curtis distances of microbial communities indicated a clustering profile with low intra-sample variation. Predictive metagenomics performed on the microbial communities revealed that the gut tissue had high relative abundances of metabolisms assigned to the KEGG-Level-2 designation of energy metabolisms compared to the gut digesta, which had higher carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolisms. Overall, the results of this study elaborate the spatial distribution of microbial communities in the gut ecosystem of L. variegatus , and specifically a selective attribute for Campylobacteraceae in the gut tissue. Also, the predictive functional significance of bacterial communities in uniquely compartmentalized gut ecosystems of L. variegatus has been described.
Qualitative Analysis: Ultraviolet, Visible, and Infrared

This chapter explains spectroscopy, which examines unknown materials both in the crude and pure states. These measurements establish the presence and absence of different elements of functional groups and provide other structural information. Although spectroscopic methods are invaluable in routine practice, additional techniques must be utilized in confirming the structural characteristics of the molecule. The basis for the identification is that the absorption spectrum shows a number of absorption bands associated with structural units within the molecule. The chapter further explains the interpretative process, which depends on comparing the position of absorption, the intensity of the absorption, and the appearance of new bands in the spectrum to known assignments. This procedure is the same with complicated spectra.
Functional Pathways Underlying Ipsilateral and Contralateral Spread of Temporal Lobe Seizures

Although there are a finite number of interhemispheric pathways by which limbic seizures may propagate from a temporal lobe focus, the exact pathway followed in a given patient is impossible to determine electrophysiologically because of the limited number of depth or subdural electrodes that are available during diagnostic telemetry monitoring. It is not surprising then, that the pathways of seizure spread observed in different laboratories depend largely upon which areas of the brain into which monitoring electrodes have been implanted. As a result, previous studies of temporal lobe seizure spread have emphasized different candidate pathways which vary in the significance attributed to their role in interhemispheric seizure propagation. In addition, different techniques may be used for measuring seizure spread which may or may not correspond with one another, and may also provide differing perspectives.
Emerging Action Research Traditions: Rigor in Practice

The authors argue here that contemporary use of action research shares the exploratory, inductive nature of many qualitative research approaches-no matter the type of data collected-because the type of research problems studied are set in complex, dynamic, rapidly changing contexts and because action research is undertaken to support social and organizational change that requires buy-in from many stakeholders affected by the research problem. Action research serves as a critique and alternative to more traditional views of social science. In this article, the authors first describe action research as defined by Kurt Lewin, its originator. They show how two variants of action research-Action Science and Collaborative Developmental Action Inquiry-advance insight into how action research can be used to develop personal capability to address system changes that action research seeks to unveil. By using the example of an innovative action research approach to doctoral research, the authors illustrate the context-rich, exploratory nature of action research that both generates knowledge for and in change, and developmentally engages collaborating researchers and participants. They conclude with reflections on criteria for rigor and relevance in action research in today's post-modern, complex world.
Prospects and Problems for Growth of Renewable Manufacturing, Assembly, and Operations in Coachella Valley

The problems and opportunities for renewable development in Coachella Valley are discussed. Findings are compared to the model of Integrated Policy assessment of Local and Regional Renewable Development (IPALRED). Following a section that reviews prior studies of the future of renewable energy, an evaluation indicates the IPALRED model is largely applicable to the Coachella Valley, albeit based only on the single case of Coachella Valley. The prospects and opportunities are summarized which include, for example, the stimulus of California’s ambitious Renewables Portfolio Standard, Coachella Valley education initiatives in renewables, Valley nonprofit organizations’ support for renewables initiatives, and federal tax credits. On the other hand, problems and barriers are examined, for instance barriers in California of extending transmission lines, inconsistent city regulations, limited entrepreneurial financing for renewable energy manufacturing, and resistance by major utilities. For the future success of Valley renewables development, leadership in local government and businesses may be the key.
What They Really Want … Bringing Objective Evaluation into Mediation

Bankruptcy mediators and bankruptcy mediation advocates mistakenly aver that parties in a bankruptcy mediation just want their esteemed mediator to provide the parties with her evaluation of the case in dispute. “Just give us your evaluation.” However, experienced mediators understand that what advocates are actually saying is, “Just confirm that you agree with my side.” In this chapter, I will first discuss why giving your evaluation of the case, even when both sides insist that is what they want, could begin the descent down a slippery slope that abruptly terminates the mediation. Then, I will suggest how experienced bankruptcy mediators might bring an evaluation of the case into the bankruptcy mediation, without having the evaluation come directly from the mediator.
Advanced software testing techniques based on combinatorial design

Combinatorial testing refers to a testing strategy that applies the principles of combinatorial design to the domain of software test generation. Given a system with k parameters, combinatorial testing requires all the combinations involving t out of k parameters be covered at least once, where t is typically much smaller than k. The key insight behind combinatorial testing is that while the behavior of a system may be affected by many parameters, most faults are caused by interactions involving only a small number of parameters. Empirical studies have shown that combinatorial testing can dramatically reduce the number of tests while remaining effective for fault detection. Existing work on combinatorial testing has mainly focused on functional requirements, and has only considered non-interactive systems, i.e., systems that take all inputs up front without interacting with the user in the middle of a computation. In this dissertation, we propose three new combinatorial testing techniques, two of which deal with interactive web applications, and the third one deals with non-functional security requirements: (1) Combinatorial construction of web navigation graphs: A navigation graph captures the navigation structure of a web application. The main challenge of constructing navigation graphs is handling dynamic web pages that are only generated at runtime and in response to user requests. We develop a combinatorial approach that generates user requests to discover these dynamic web pages. We report a software tool called Tansuo, and demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach using several real-life open-source web applications. (2) Combinatorial test sequence generation for web applications : One important aspect of web applications is that they often consist of dynamic web pages that interact with each other by accessing shared objects. It is nearly always impossible to test all possible interactions that may occur in a web application of practical scale. We develop a combinatorial approach to systematically exercising these interactions. Our experimental results show that our approach can effectively detect subtle interaction faults that may exist in a web application. (3) Detection of buffer overflow vulnerabilities: Buffer overflow vulnerabilities are program defects that can cause a buffer to overflow at runtime. Many security attacks exploit buffer overflow vulnerabilities to compromise critical data structures. We develop a combinatorial approach to detecting buffer overflow vulnerabilities. Our approach exploits the fact that combinatorial testing often achieves a high level of code coverage. Experimental results show that our approach can effectively detect buffer overflow vulnerabilities.
Elegy Rebuffed by Pastoral Eclogue in Wallace Stevens’ “Sunday Morning”

Edmund Husserl’s attention to both history and the transmission of culture that occur in society at large is found, writes David Carr, in his
The Problematics of Dialogue and Power

In recent years, dialogic approaches to communication have become far more common and persuasive in interpersonal communication, organizational life, rhetoric, political communication, and media studies. Yet, the relationship between dialogue and power remains relatively unexplored. In this chapter, we clarify the distinction between convergent dialogue and emergent dialogue, offering a new synthesis of relevant sources along with personalized examples from consulting practice. After surveying definitions and research in dialogue studies, we describe the contours of dialogue by considering its characteristics as they relate to power. We then identify and explore the persistent dialogic tensions that affect power relations: identity, outcome, meaning, voice, and field. Finally, we relate the concepts of convergent and emergent dialogic styles to Foucault’s descriptions of juridical and contingent power.
Hand Movement Training in Braille Reading

Twenty-one children ages 6 though 13 were taught to use their hands independently when reading braille to determine how this pattern of hand movements affected reading variables, excluding characte...
State-of-the-Art in Geoscience Information — USA

In the 1960s, US geoscientists developed a pattern of diverse and, for the most part, unrelated science information files, chiefly for internal use by public and private organizations. When Federal funds to sustain information operations ended up in the 1970s, producers of information learned to survive under real market conditions and respond to a new user community of regional planners, policy makers, and a public concerned about energy and the environment. Although certain indicators show that the geoscience information community is moving to meet new demands, neither geoscience nor the nation’s science establishment as a whole share information responsibilities in a formalized way. Dramatic changes in the traditional view of scientific and technical communication have spawned an information industry, and geoscientists will not escape its impact.
My Great Teachers

Most of the chapters in this volume are tied to published empirical research. This is not just a requirement of scholarship, it is also one of the few approaches to avoid the oft-repeated mischief and confusion triggered by unsubstantiated theory and opinion. We believe in rationality and the rules of evidence, as the fragile levers by which progress in the understanding and treatment of autism are advanced. Most of the contributors to this volume, including myself, have spent a significant portion of their professional careers dedicated to empirical research conducted with scientific methodology.
Challenges and controversies in the surgical management of uremic hyperparathyroidism: A systematic review.

Abstract Background Prevalence of uremic hyperparathyroidism (uHPT), secondary and tertiary, continues to rise. Historically, surgery was the only durable treatment for these conditions, but with the development of pharmacologic options, the treatment landscape has shifted predominantly towards medical management. Presently, there is a paucity of clear guidelines for surgical indications in the treatment of uHPT. In this review, we will discuss the risks and benefits associated with surgical management of uHPT and will evaluate recent evidence and controversies surrounding indications for parathyroidectomy (PTX) in uHPT. Data sources A systematic review of the literature was performed, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, resulting in the evaluation of 69 articles. Conclusions Significant controversy still exists regarding indications and timing of surgical management of uHPT. Although the benefits of PTX in the uHPT patient population have been established, there is a significant need for well-designed randomized clinical trials to further clarify existing guidelines and optimize treatment approaches.
Bilateral Vestibular Schwannomas in Neurofibromatosis Type 2

Vestibular Schwannomas in Neurofibromatosis Type 2 A 32-year-old man with a family history of neurofibromatosis type 2 presented with balance difficulties and hearing loss. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral vestibular schwannomas.
Neuro-Ensemble

There are two main paradigms in combining classifiers: classifier selection, where each classifier is considered as an expert in some local area of the feature space, and classifier fusion, where all classifiers are trained over the entire feature space and they are considered as competitive and complementary to each other. In this paper, we propose a new ensemble technique, Neuro-Ensemble, that follows the classifier fusion paradigm. The Neuro-Ensemble exploits the idea that different classifiers participating in the ensemble have varying degrees of expertise on learning different class labels and it optimizes the ensemble using a shallow Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) based meta-learner to capture the expertise of individual classifiers. Every neuron in the MLP represents a classifier that contributes with a vote and performs activation and state computations. This work is the first attempt to train a neural network for learning the expertise of each classifier in an ensemble and optimize the entire classification schema based on class-level expertise weights. We validated our Neuro-Ensemble on real-world datasets from the UCI repository. Our experimental results show the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach in comparison with individual baseline learners and ensemble techniques.
Association of Preoperative Functional Performance With Outcomes After Surgical Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer: A Clinical Severity Staging System.

Importance Patients with head and neck cancers have comorbidities and other constitutional symptoms known to be associated with adverse postoperative outcomes, but the role of functional performance is not well studied. Objective To explore the addition of functional performance to other clinical factors for association with 3 patient outcomes: 30-day unplanned readmission (UR), 90-day medical complications, and overall survival (OS). Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a single tertiary care center with patients surgically treated for squamous cell cancer of the lip, oral cavity, pharynx, or larynx from January 2012 to December 2016. All analysis took place between January 2018 and November 2018. Data from 2 registries were analyzed, supplemented with medical record review. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore association of preoperative functional performance with outcomes. Conjunctive consolidation was used to create a useful clinical severity staging system, which included functional performance (estimated from metabolic equivalent [MET] score: Exposures All patients underwent surgical treatment for head and neck cancer. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were 30-day UR and 90-day complications; the secondary outcome was OS. Results For the 657 patients included, the mean (SD) age was 62.0 (11.3) years; 73% were men (n = 477), and 88% were white (n = 580). A total of 75 (11%) had a 30-day UR; 204 (31%) developed a 90-day complication; and 127 (19%) patients died during the observation period. Individually, poor functional performance ( Conclusions and Relevance Poor preoperative functional performance, high comorbidity burden, preoperative weight loss, and advanced tumor stage were all associated with worse patient outcomes after head and neck cancer surgery. The model incorporating all 4 of these factors developed in this study may facilitate patient-centered risk assessment and patient-physician shared preoperative decision making.
Real-Time Push Mobile Marketing Strategy: To What Extent Do Time and Relevance Matter?

The ubiquity of the smartphone has proven disruptive. The relevance of this medium can be observed through time spent on mobile media, google mobile search numbers, and direct and indirect sales generated by mobile devices. Consumer expectations of firms have likewise increased, and there is now an anticipation of readily reliable, responsive, and personalized services to support consumers’ everyday activities whenever they need it. Prior research focused on the following themes: mobile marketing strategy, permission marketing, proximity marketing, topicality, and utility. Empirical gaps were identified in the real-time mobile and push mobile marketing domain. A quantitative engaged scholarship research method was utilized to empirically investigate this phenomenon. In partnership with an online information marketplace, an empirical investigation was undertaken via an experiment that used real mobile application users. The empirical findings suggest that unlike traditional mobile marketing, real-time mobile communication to users requires a guided and relevant experience. Failing to engage users with any communication or provide a guided experience on the mobile application is as counterproductive as sending users a push communication that is neither relevant nor in real-time. Also, in certain business contexts, typicality takes priority over the timing of the communication. The study contributes to research by plugging the real-time and push mobile marketing literature gap. Furthermore, the research contributes to practice by providing a push mobile marketing framework for firms seeking to orchestrate a sound push mobile communication strategy. Finally, the study acts as a catalyst to a call for research on the scarcely explored areas of real-time and push mobile marketing to move the field forward.
Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn and Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a clinical syndrome that represents the failure to achieve or sustain the normal decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) at birth, leading to severe respiratory distress and hypoxemia. PPHN is a major clinical problem, affecting nearly 10% of full-term infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units, and contributes significantly to high morbidity and mortality [1, 2]. Newborns with PPHN are at risk for severe asphyxia and its complications, including death, chronic lung disease, neurodevelopmental sequelae, and other problems. This chapter will review the pathophysiology and treatment of pulmonary hypertension in the setting of PPHN, including newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).
Effect of immobilization method and particle size on heavy metal ion recovery of thermoresponsive polymer/magnetic particle composites

Abstract To examine the effect of the immobilization method and particle size on the Cu(II) recovery performance of the thermoresponsive polymer, poly(NIPAM-co-AA), and on its immobilization onto magnetic support, we compare the "grafting to" and the "in situ" methods, and use two different supports, such as magnetite nanoparticles and ferrite particles with primary particle sizes of approximately 21 nm and 12 μm, respectively. The results show that although the magnetite nanoparticle forms aggregates and the surface area of the primary particle cannot be fully utilized for immobilization; the immobilized copolymer amounts on the magnetite nanoparticles are about 10–42 times higher than that on the ferrite particle. For Cu(II) adsorption, poly(NIPAM-co-AA) immobilized on the magnetite nanoparticles show adsorption amounts approximately 13–20 times higher than that on the ferrite particle. The effect of the immobilization method is also examined by comparing the "grafting to" and the "in situ" methods. Between the two methods, the "in situ" method shows a higher immobilized copolymer amount and better Cu(II) adsorption property. These results show that a combination of the "in situ" method, as the immobilization method, and magnetite nanoparticle, as support, can be a very effective approach to synthesize the thermoresponsive adsorbent of poly(NIPAM-co-AA) immobilized on magnetic particles.
Corrosion protection of AZ91D magnesium alloy by a duplex coating

A duplex coating was formed under potentiostatic conditions on mag­nesium alloy AZ91D in order to improve its corrosion resistance in a simulated physiological environment. The first layer was formed by anodizat­ion at low potentials in molybdate solution. The outer layer was a PPy film electro­synthesized in sodium salicylate solution. The conditions of the form­ation were determined to obtain a layer with globular morphology. The bilayer was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffract­ion (XRD). The corrosion protection properties of the coatings were examined in Ringer solution by monitoring the open circuit potential (OCP), polarization techniques, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The obtained results showed that the bilayer improves the corrosion resistance of the sub­strate. Moreover, the duplex coating presented better anticorrosive properties than a single PPy film. Afterwards, the bilayer was modified by cementation of silver ions from a solution containing AgNO3. The modified electrode exhi­bited good antibacterial properties.
Radiographic Factors Affecting Lordosis Correction After Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion With Unilateral Facetectomy.

ABSTRACT Background: The study design was a retrospective cohort study. The objective was to identify preoperative (preop) radiographic features that are associated with increased lordosis correction after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a single surgeon series of TLIF performed at L4–5 since 2010. The surgical technique involved unilateral facetectomy and insertion of a banana-type cage. A total of 107 cases were available with plain radiographs, and 62 with a preop computed tomography (CT) scan. We compared segmental lordosis correction between the preop and 6-week postoperative radiographs. Patients were divided into groups of those with or without more than 5° lordosis correction. Radiographic features were then compared, and a multivariate analysis was performed. Results: The mean lordosis correction of the entire cohort was 2.5° (range = −9° to 16°). The percentage of patients with a vacuum disc on the preop CT (40% vs 10%, P = 0.01) was higher in the group with greater than 5° lordosis correction, whereas the mean preop segmental lordosis (14.3° vs 18.6°) and the preop segmental disc angle (6.4° vs 8.4°) were both lower (P Conclusions: Patients with a preop vacuum disc sign on CT scan or those with a more kyphotic disc space on preop radiographs were more likely to achieve lordosis correction. This information may be useful in preop planning. Level of Evidence: 4. Clinical Relevance: Unilateral TLIF is likely to be neutral or kyphogenic in patients with a segmental disc angle that is neutral or lordotic pre-operatively, but is likely to increase segmental lordosis in patients with a disc angle that is kyphotic pre-oepratively.
Early assessment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease using multiparametric ultrasound imaging

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver disease. Patients can be characterized on the NAFLD spectrum by the progressive presence of hepatic steatosis, inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning, and then fibrosis. Currently, liver biopsy remains the only test available to detect the histologic features of NAFLD, but it is limited by its invasiveness, proneness to sampling error, and potential complications. There is an ongoing clinical need for the capability to noninvasively detect, accurately stage, and reliably monitor NAFLD. The objective of this research project was to introduce a multiparametric ultrasound (mpUS) imaging approach and evaluate its use for assessing NALFD, thereby introducing a surrogate biomarker comparable to liver biopsy. The novel method combines contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), shear wave elastography (SWE), and H-scan ultrasound (US) imaging. This approach integrates information related to liver tissue perfusion, viscoelasticity, and US scatterer size. Using Sprague-Dawley rats that were fed either control or a methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet ( $N=6$ per group), mpUS imaging was performed at week 0 (baseline), 2 and 6. Thereafter, animals were euthanized and livers excised for histological processing and analysis. In vivo mpUS results from control and diet fed animals revealed that all parametric measures were statistically different at 6 weeks. Histological results revealed the presence of steatosis and mild fibrosis in animals fed the MCD diet. Overall, mpUS imaging was shown to be a promising approach for the early assessment of NAFLD.
Cost-effectiveness of Prostate Radiation Therapy for Men With Newly Diagnosed Low-Burden Metastatic Prostate Cancer.

Importance Prostate radiation therapy (PRT) is a treatment option in men with low-volume metastatic prostate cancer based on the results of the Systemic Therapy in Advancing or Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Evaluation of Drug Efficacy Arm H (STAMPEDE-H) trial. However, the cost-effectiveness of this treatment remains unaddressed. Objective To assess the cost-effectiveness of PRT when added to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for men with low-volume metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Design, Setting, and Participants This economic evaluation used microsimulation modeling to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of adding PRT to ADT. A simulated cohort of 10 000 individuals with low-volume mHSPC was created. Data from men with low-volume mHSPC were extracted and analyzed from January 18, 2019, through July 4, 2020. Transition probabilities were extracted from the STAMPEDE-H study. Health states included stable disease, progression, second progression, and death. Individual grade 2 or higher genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxic events associated with PRT were tracked. Univariable deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses explored uncertainty with regard to the model assumptions. Health state utility estimates were based on the published literature. Exposures The combination of PRT and ADT using regimens of 20 fractions and 6 weekly fractions. Main Outcomes and Measures Outcomes included net quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), costs in US dollars, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. A strategy was classified as dominant if it was associated with higher QALYs at lower costs than the alternative and dominated if it was associated with fewer QALYs at higher costs than the alternative. Results For the base case scenario of men 68 years of age with low-volume mHSPC, the modeled outcomes were similar to the target clinical data for overall survival, failure-free survival, and rates of PRT-related toxic effects. The addition of PRT was a dominant strategy compared with ADT alone, with a gain of 0.16 QALYs (95% CI, 0.15-0.17 QALYs) and a reduction in net costs by $19 472 (95% CI, $16 333-$22 611) at 37 months of follow-up and a gain of 0.81 QALYs (95% CI, 0.73-0.89 QALYs) and savings of $30 229 (95% CI, $23 096-$37 362) with lifetime follow-up. Conclusions and Relevance In the economic evaluation, PRT was a dominant treatment strategy compared with ADT alone. These findings suggest that addition of PRT to ADT is a cost-effective treatment for men with low-volume mHSPC.
Cell-Specific Expression of Enzymes for Serine Biosynthesis and Glutaminolysis in Farm Animals.

During the peri-implantation period, conceptuses [embryo and placental membranes, particularly the trophectoderm (Tr)] of farm animals (e.g., sheep and pigs) rapidly elongate from spherical to tubular to filamentous forms. In concert with Tr outgrowth during conceptus elongation, the Tr of sheep and pig conceptuses attaches to the endometrial luminal epithelium (LE) to initiate placentation. In sheep, binucleate cells (BNCs) begin to differentiate from the mononuclear trophectoderm cells and migrate to the endometrial LE to form syncytial plaques. These events require Tr cells to expend significant amounts of energy to undergo timely and extensive proliferation, migration and fusion. It is likely essential that conceptuses optimally utilize multiple biosynthetic pathways to convert molecules such as glucose, fructose, and glutamine (components of histotroph transport by sheep and pig endometria into the uterine lumen), into ATP, amino acids, ribose, hexosamines and nucleotides required to support early conceptus development and survival. Elongating and proliferating conceptus Tr cells potentially act, in a manner similar to cancer cells, to direct carbon generated from glucose and fructose away from the TCA cycle for utilization in branching pathways of glycolysis, including the pentose phosphate pathway, one-carbon metabolism, and hexosamine biosynthesis. The result is a limited availability of pyruvate for maintaining the TCA cycle within mitochondria, and Tr cells replenish TCA cycle metabolites via a process known as anaplerosis, primarily through glutaminolysis to convert glutamine into TCA cycle intermediates. Here we describe the cell-specific expression of enzymes required for serine biosynthesis, one-carbon metabolism and glutaminolysis at the uterine-placental interface of sheep and pigs, and propose that these biosynthetic pathways are essential to support early placental development including Tr elongation, cell migration, cell fusion and implantation by ovine and porcine conceptuses.
Designing, Modeling and Simulating a New Plant Producing Coal-Derived "Green" Products

As many institutions are moving towards decarbonization, the coal industry is slowly declining and exploring new markets. During the last three years, teams from The George Washington University and Mississippi State University have worked on a joint research program that aims to produce three new environmentally friendly products derived from coal. These patented products could potentially revitalize the coal industry. However, there is currently no existing production plant design, which is paramount to succeeding in this new market. The production plant consists of three production lines, one for each product. Every production line is unique and creates products with different properties using the same raw material. However, some processing units are used repeatedly by the same production line or even different production lines, while the project budget currently only allows the purchase and operation of one processing unit of each type. A plant design was laid out to represent the processing unit availability in the plant while meeting the specifications of each production line. The design was then modeled using the simulation software Simio to create a prototype of the real-life plant. The simulation of this model projected the production performance of the plant under the current design conditions. Three new alternative models were then simulated to explore productivity variations resulting from the addition of production silos to the plant. Production silos were demonstrated as an effective technique to increase productivity and utilization of specific processing units, while maintaining the same processing unit availability and staying within the budget.
Freire and Whitehead: Any Difference?

Absurd as it may at first seem to question whether Paulo Freire and Alfred North Whitehead differ as educational theorists, the argument presented here is that they are surprisingly similar in their discussions of education. Freire and Whitehead certainly pursue very different programs in their educational theories. The former, working with the oppressed and economically deprived, advocates radical social change; while the latter, an intellectual mandarin from the privileged confines of Oxford and Harvard, proposes ways to keep upper-class education vital. Associating Freire with Whitehead is also unexpected given that critical theorists inspired by Freire appear never to acknowledge the work of Whitehead, even though they sometimes compare Freire with John Dewey.
Esophagogastrostomy in the treatment of carcinoma of the distal two-thirds of the esophagus. Clinical experience and operative methods.

Abstract Between 1955 and 1971, esophagogastrostomy was used as the primary form of therapy for carcinoma of the distal two-thirds of the esophagus in 31 patients. The operation has provided effective palliation in this group of patients, most of whom were incurable at the time of operation. Postoperative mortality and morbidity were relatively low following this single-stage procedure, and dysphagia was completely relieved in all but 2 of the patients who survived operation. A modified technique for fixation of the gastric fundus within the chest and for construction of the esophagogastric anastomosis has consistently prevented gastroesophageal reflux.