cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using online translators in the second language classroom: Ideas for advanced-level Spanish

In this paper, we discuss the benefits of using online translators in the foreignlanguage classroom. Specifically, we discuss how faulty online translator outputcan be used to create activities that help raise metalinguistic awareness of secondlanguage grammar and of the differences between grammatical constructionsin the first and second language, which can help with the language learningprocess. Specific structures for advanced-level Spanish that produce faulty onlinetranslator output are explained, and then we provide sample editing-type activitiesfor these structures, as well as anecdotal evidence regarding students’ reactionsto these tasks. Although the activities discussed are specifically designedfor Spanish, they may also be used as a model for other languages. Importantly,these activities may prove helpful for Spanish teachers because these structuresare covered in many university-level advanced Spanish grammar courses. Thesetypes of activities could also ultimately help students who will be seeking translation-oriented jobs. doi:10.5294/laclil.2016.9.1.6
Facets of Mindfulness Mediate the Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Smoking Behavior

The relationship between cigarette smoking and depressive symptoms is well established. Dispositional mindfulness has been associated with lower depressive symptoms, lower smoking dependence, and higher odds of smoking cessation. Given that mindfulness is multi-faceted, the current study examined which facets of mindfulness might mediate the relationship between depressive symptoms and smoking behavior. Participants (n = 72) completed the Smoking Consequences Questionnaire (SCQ), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD), and Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS; subscales-Observe, Describe, Acting with Awareness, Accepting without Judgment) and indicated number of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD). Simple mediation models (followed by multiple mediation when more than one facet was significant) tested whether mindfulness facets mediated the relationship between CESD and smoking behavior (CPD and SCQ subscales). Results indicated that (1) lower depressive symptoms were associated with higher Accepting without Judgment, which was related to lower Negative Reinforcement expectancies, (2) lower depressive symptoms were associated with increased Describe, which was associated with greater perceived Negative Consequences, (3) lower depressive symptoms were associated with higher Accepting without Judgment, which was associated with lower Negative Consequences expectancies, and (4) higher depressive symptoms were associated with higher scores on Observe, which related to both greater Positive Reinforcement and Negative Consequences expectancies. Greater Accepting without Judgment and Describe aspects of mindfulness may serve as protective factors in the relationship of depressive symptoms and smoking.
Cultural Dimensions of Switching Behavior in Buyer-Seller Relationships

Most of the contemporary research in relationship marketing focuses only on the relationship building process without providing much insights into the potential for break up and its consequences. The literature emphasizes that if only partners are carefully chosen on the basis of their capabilities and motivation, the costs of opportunistic behavior can be reduced, and lasting relationships can be built. However, these evaluations or the context in which the evaluations were made in the first place may change over time thus establishing the potential for opportunistic behavior.
RECENT RESULTS IN THE ASYMPTOTIC INTEGRATION OF LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEMS

This chapter presents some recent results in the asymptotic integration of linear differential systems. The stability and asymptotic behavior of solutions of an autonomous linear differential system x ' = Ax are determined by the spectrum of the constant matrix A . If B ( t ) is a suitably small perturbation, then the stability and asymptotic behavior of solutions of x ' = [ A + B ( t )] x are still determined by the limiting system x ' = Ax . The essence of the method employed by Harris–Lutz is the transformation of the original differential system into one to which the fundamental result of Levinson Hartman–Wintner applies. The germ of this method has been utilized recently by Harris–Lutz to give a unified treatment of asymptotic integration of linear differential systems through transformation into L-diagonal canonical form and the fundamental result of Levinson.
Reading ability reflects individual differences in auditory brainstem function, even into adulthood

Research with developmental populations suggests that the maturational state of auditory brainstem encoding is linked to reading ability. Specifically, children with poor reading skills resemble biologically younger children with respect to their auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) to speech stimulation. Because ABR development continues into adolescence, it is possible that the link between ABRs and reading ability changes or resolves as the brainstem matures. To examine these possibilities, ABRs were recorded at varying presentation rates in adults with diverse, yet unimpaired reading levels. We found that reading ability in adulthood related to ABR Wave V latency, with more juvenile response morphology linked to less proficient reading ability, as has been observed for children. These data add to the evidence indicating that auditory brainstem responses serve as an index of the sound-based skills that underlie reading, even into adulthood.
From the Guest Editors: About this Special Issue Honoring Louis C. Gapenski

This Special Issue of the Journal of Health Care Finance honors Dr. Louis C. Gapenski for his contributions to the fields of health care finance, public health finance and health administration. In his writing, teaching and mentoring, he served as a role model for all of us.
25 Years of Dysphagia Rehabilitation: What Have We Done, What are We Doing, and Where are We Going?

As deglutologists, we strive to use the best evidence available in the treatment of swallowing disorders. Evidence-based medicine is a bottom-up approach that thoughtfully combines the best external evidence with individual clinical expertise and the patients’ choice reflective of their clinical state and preferences for their specific care plan. Evidence-based medicine is not restricted to randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses; rather, evidence-based medicine includes our ability to discriminate the best external evidence with which to answer clinical questions and then skillfully and appropriately being able to apply this evidence in the care and treatment of our patients (Sackett et al. in BMJ 312:71–72, 1996). Translation of efficient and effective dysphagia rehabilitative clinical practice implies the need to use treatment that has proven therapeutic value, yields measurable physiologic results and most importantly allows appreciable qualitative outcomes for the patient.
Involvement of Lipogenic Pathway In 5-Azacytidine-Induced Cytotoxicity In Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia

Abstract 2991 5-azacitidine and 5-aza-2`-deoxycytidine are demethylation agents used for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Despite a putative role for the reactivation of epigenetically silenced tumor-suppressor genes, the mechanism of action for these agents remains to be clarified. Recent studies suggest that 5-azacitidine may also act at the post-transcriptional level by insertion into RNA transcripts. As part of these efforts, we investigated the therapeutic potential of these agents in Waldenstrom9s Macroglobulinemia (WM), and characterized molecular changes associated with treatment. We observed that 5-azacitidine was more potent than 5-aza-2`-deoxycytidine in inducing dose-dependent cytotoxicity against BCWM.1 WM cells and primary WM lymphoplasmacytic cells. 5-azacitidine-induced cell cycle arrest at G1 was accompanied by up-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (Cip1/WAF1) through a p53-independent pathway. Activation of caspase-3, 7, 8, and 9, and PARP was also observed indicating involvement of both mitochondrial and death receptor pathways for 5-azacitidine-induced apoptosis. The BH3 domain proteins Bim and Puma were increased in WM cells treated with 5-azacitidine, and siRNA-mediated knockdown of Bim and Puma provided moderate protection from 5-azacitidine-induced apoptosis. In contrast, PI3K/AKT/mTOR and NF- B activities were not significantly altered by 5-azacitidine. To further characterize the molecular changes with 5-azacitidine, we profiled mRNA expression in the WM cells associated with 5-azacitidine treatment. The most strikingly down-regulated genes by 5-azacitidine include FASN and SCD1, which encode enzymes essential for lipogenesis. Importantly, by quantitative RT-PCR, FASN mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in WM patients versus healthy donors (p=0.001). WM patients who expressed higher levels of FASN mRNA showed greater bone marrow involvement (p=0.003). Importantly, siRNA-mediated knockdown of FASN or SCD1 induced significant growth arrest and apoptosis in WM cells. siRNA-mediated knockdown of the sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), a transcriptional activator for FASN and SCD1 was associated with reduced transcription of FASN and SCD1, along with increased cytotoxicity in WM cells. Inhibition of FASN activity by Cerulenin also induced significant apoptosis, and the combination of 5-azacitidine and Cerulenin resulted in a synergistic induction of apoptosis in WM cells. In conclusion, the results of this study support an important role for the lipogenic genes in the 5-azacitidine-induced cytotoxicity in WM cells, and highlight a novel mechanistic pathway for this agent, as well as novel targets for drug therapy in WM. Disclosures: Off Label Use: Role of 5-azacytidine in Waldenstrom9s macroglobulinemia.
Setting the records straight: Impossible memories and the persistence of their phenomenological qualities.

This article offers a new perspective on the study of “recollections” that feel like memories despite the fact that people come to believe they are based on events that could not possibly have happ...
Planning with Unauthorized Immigrant Communities: What Can Cities Do?

Planners and elected officials may not be familiar with employment or educational barriers faced by immigrants or understand cultural traditions and practices or how to handle the issue of an increase in unauthorized immigrants. We identify policy gaps, a growing body of research on planning for unauthorized immigrant communities, and some emergent best practices for immigrant incorporation. What can the city do, and how are cities limited? What models developed for planning with and for immigrant communities, adapting to immigrant needs, and managing change in cities that have not traditionally had large immigrant populations?
Biogeographical factors affecting the distribution of stream salamanders on the Cumberland Plateau, USA

Geophysical and climate conditions play an important role in the distribution of organisms at both fine and broad scales. Headwater streams integrate changes at broad geographical scales and serve as important regions of nutrient processing and support high biodiversity. Stream salamanders are important members of headwater aquatic communities as both predators and prey. Combined with their biphasic life histories and physiological requirements, stream amphibians may serve as indicators for headwater stream conditions. We surveyed 50 streams for salamander occupancy, across eight counties of the southern Cumberland Plateau in Tennessee for which we are unaware of any stream amphibian distribution data. Our objective was to determine what variables best-predicted stream amphibian occupancy among species with variable life histories and habitat needs. Models were generated to determine the effects of elevation, catchment forest cover, and total catchment size as indicators of stream condition. We found species showed no significant responses to forest cover. Though forest cover has previously been the primary predictor of stream amphibian occupancy in streams across the United States, stream amphibian occupancy of the southern Cumberland Plateau was most closely associated with elevation and catchment size. Thus, the unique topography of the southern Cumberland Plateau may instead be the more important factor driving occupancy patterns. Despite limited evidence in this study for negative human impacts on salamander occupancy, low occupancy and abundance relative to other ecoregions suggests either poor quality habitat or large historic impacts. Developing a more comprehensive understanding of regional stream salamander occupancy patterns is necessary to ensure effective management and habitat conservation in a region with limited description of stream ecology.
The Present State of Higher Education

The South African government recognizes the need to provide a higher-quality education, improve the preparation of students, raise the graduation rates of black and underrepresented groups, overcome language barriers, and meet the country’s need for skilled workers who can contribute to the global knowledge-based economy. This chapter examines the distinct challenges associated with merging into one system multiple universities with historically different curricula, students, language, and standards. The chapter ends with an analysis of how the organizational and structural changes to the Ministry of Education were designed to alleviate some ofthose challenges facing the system.
Multifaceted plant responses to circumvent Phe hyperaccumulation by downregulation of flux through the shikimate pathway and by vacuolar Phe sequestration

Detrimental effects of hyperaccumulation of the aromatic amino acid phenylalanine (Phe) in animals, known as phenylketonuria, are mitigated by excretion of Phe derivatives; however, how plants endure Phe accumulating conditions in the absence of an excretion system is currently unknown. To achieve Phe hyperaccumulation in a plant system, we simultaneously decreased in petunia flowers expression of all three Phe ammonia lyase (PAL) isoforms that catalyze the non-oxidative deamination of Phe to trans-cinnamic acid, the committed step for the major pathway of Phe metabolism. A total decrease in PAL activity by 81-94% led to an 18-fold expansion of the internal Phe pool. Phe accumulation had multifaceted intercompartmental effects on aromatic amino acid metabolism. It resulted in a decrease in the overall flux through the shikimate pathway, and a redirection of carbon flux toward the shikimate-derived aromatic amino acids tyrosine and tryptophan. Accumulation of Phe did not lead to an increase in flux toward phenylacetaldehyde, for which Phe is a direct precursor. Metabolic flux analysis revealed this to be due to the presence of a distinct metabolically inactive pool of Phe, likely localized in the vacuole. We have identified a vacuolar cationic amino acid transporter (PhCAT2) that contributes to sequestering excess of Phe in the vacuole. In vitro assays confirmed PhCAT2 can transport Phe, and decreased PhCAT2 expression in PAL-RNAi transgenic plants resulted in 1.6-fold increase in phenylacetaldehyde emission. These results demonstrate mechanisms by which plants maintain intercompartmental aromatic amino acid homeostasis, and provide critical insight for future phenylpropanoid metabolic engineering strategies.
A City of Citizens: Social Justice and Urban Social Citizenship

Social justice in the city has re-emerged as a critical issue in recent years. Especially important has been Clarissa Rile Hayward and Todd Swanstrom’s 2011 edited volume, Justice and the American ...
Towards an architecture for evaluating and analyzing decentralized Fog applications

As the number of low cost computing devices at the edge of network increases, there are greater opportunities to enable novel, innovative capabilities, especially in decentralized cyber-physical systems. For example, in an urban setting, a set of networked, collaborating processors at the edge can be used to dynamically detect traffic densities via image processing and then use those densities to control the traffic flow by coordinating traffic light sequences, in a decentralized architecture. In this paper we describe a testbed and an application framework for such applications.
Photochemical Modeling of Chemical Cycles: Issues Related to the Interpretation of Ice Core Data

The biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen, organic carbon, sulfur and halogens undergo photochemical (free radical) reactions with one another and with the atmospheric oxidants, O3, OH, H2O2. In this way they help regulate atmospheric oxidizing capacity, acidity and perhaps through the particulate phase, indirectly affect atmospheric radiation and climate. With direct trace gas measurements extending back at most 150 years, atmospheric scientists turn to the ice core record to reconstruct the chemical composition of past atmospheres. As in the interpretation of any limited set of chemical observations, photochemical models are used to integrate the observations, including computation of unmeasured species.
Electrical and Optical Properties of Ni S 2

Optical absorption measurements on semiconducting Ni${\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ are analyzed to determine the energy gap and its temperature dependence. Electrical conductivity measurements made over a large temperature range exhibit three distinct regions of conduction, each with a different activation energy. The combination of electrical and optical measurements are interpreted in terms of a model in which partial carrier compensation pins the Fermi energy in the acceptor band.
Differential diagnosis of pituitary tumors

Many parasellar lesions may mimic pituitary adenomas clinically, endocrinologically, and radiologically. Certain patterns do lead suspicion toward the correct diagnosis, whereas in other cases the diagnosis may be difficult. For most of these lesions, the treatment of choice is different from that for a pituitary tumor, so correct diagnosis is of paramount importance. The presenting signs and symptoms as well as radiologic manifestations of parasellar tumors and conditions are discussed.
Upregulation of PD‑L1 expression by resveratrol and piceatannol in breast and colorectal cancer cells occurs via HDAC3/p300‑mediated NF‑κB signaling

Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expressed in cancer cells interacting with its receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) expressed in immune cells represents a regulatory axis linked to the suppression and evasion of host immune functions. The blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction using monoclonal antibodies has emerged as an effective therapy for several solid tumors; however, durable response has been observed in a subset of patients with PD-L1-positive tumors. Thus, the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells may help to improve the response to PD-L1 blockade therapies. In this study, we investigated whether resveratrol, a grape-derived stilbenoid with immunoregulatory activity, modulates the expression of PD-L1 in breast and colorectal cancer cells. The surface expression of PD-L1 was determined by flow cytometry in cancer cells treated with resveratrol and/or piceatannol. Each stilbenoid alone induced PD-L1 and when used in combination, elicited a synergistic upregulation of PD-L1 in some cell lines. The induction of PD-L1 by the combined use of stilbenoids was most pronounced in the Cal51 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and SW620 colon cancer cells. The observed induction of PD-L1 was transcriptionally mediated by nuclear factor (NF)-κB, as shown by NF-κB reporter assays, the nuclear accumulation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB, inhibition by the IKK inhibitor, BMS-345541, and histone the modification inhibitors, resminostat, entinostat or anacardic acid. Combined treatment with resveratrol and piceatannol also decreased tumor cell survival as indicated by the upregulation of the DNA damaging marker, γH2AX, the cleavage of caspase 3, the downregulation of the survival markers, p38-MAPK/c-Myc, and G1-to-S cell cycle arrest.
Contextual Analysis to Understand Compliance with Smartphone-based Ecological Momentary Assessment

Mobile device-based ecological momentary assessment (mobile EMA) is increasingly utilized to capture in situ information about a person's physical and mental health states. Mobile EMA has methodological advantages over traditional survey methods (e.g., decreased recall bias); however, these advantages are reduced by participant noncompliance with EMA protocols. There is a dearth of information about how different participant contexts predict compliance. We examine how different spatiotemporal contexts and participant-phone interactions predict EMA response rate and response latency. Utilizing data from 65 participants during a two-week study, we first extract features from smartphone sensors that characterize participant context (location, social context, activity). We then build and evaluate a classifier to predict participant response rate and response latency for EMA-delivered prompts based on the context features, achieving 78% accuracy. We discuss the implications of our results for improving participant compliance in future health studies that deploy mobile EMAs.
Temporal Plurality and Temporal Transgressions: Time and Things in an Early Colonial Period Mortuary Assemblage from Northern Highland Ecuador

The power of archaeology as an arm of postcolonial studies lies with its focus on the material dimensions of colonialism and its ability to interrogate the role of things in negotiating the terrain of cultural dissonance. This paper contributes to the postcolonial critique by taking up the matter of temporality and historicity from an indigeno-centric perspective, offering an analysis of the notion of temporal plurality via a focus on the “time of materials.” The context of the study is a specific mortuary assemblage from a shaft tomb in the northern Andean highlands of Ecuador dating to the early Colonial period. This example is used to illustrate the way objects, as elements of heterogeneous assemblages, can create distinct temporalities that work to contravene or resist assimilation to the regime of historicity. The assemblage analyzed here conveys an ontology of temporal plurality that encompassed both radical continuity and radical change. As one example among many, it serves to challenge taken-for-granted assumptions about the universality of historical time, the “natural” segregation of past, present, and future, and the significance of European artifacts in indigenous contexts.
Selection or education? Medical school ranking and medical students' speciality choice preferences in the United States.

Limited research exists on the influence of top-ranked medical schools on students’ speciality choice. We surveyed medical students (n = 468) at eight medical schools in the United States including...
Floral Scent Variation in the Heterostylous Species Gelsemium sempervirens.

Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) W.T. Aiton, a distylous woody vine of the family Gelsemiaceae, produces sweetly fragrant flowers that are known for the toxic alkaloids they contain. The composition of this plant’s floral scent has not previously been determined. In this study, the scent profiles of 74 flowers obtained from six different wild and cultivated populations of G. sempervirens were measured by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS). There were 81 volatile organic compounds identified and characterized as benzenoids, terpenoids, fatty acid derivatives, and yeast associated compounds. The most abundant compound was benzaldehyde (23–80%) followed by ethanol (0.9–17%), benzyl benzoate (2–15%), 4-anisaldehyde (2–11%), (Z)-α-ocimene (0–34%), and α-farnesene (0.1–16%). The impacts of geographic location, population type (wild or cultivated), and style morph (L = long, S = short) on scent profile were investigated. The results showed no relationship between geographic location or population type and volatile organic compounds (VOC) profile, but did show a significant scent profile difference between L and S morphs based on non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) using Bray-Curtis similarity indices. The L morphs contained higher amounts of benzenoids and the S morphs contained higher amounts of terpenoids in their scent profiles. The L morphs also produced a higher total abundance of scent compounds than the S morphs. This study represents the first floral scent determination of G. sempervirens finding significant variation in scent abundance and composition between style morphs.
The genetics of male pheromone preference difference between Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans

Abstract Species of flies in the genus Drosophila differ dramatically in their preferences for mates, but little is known about the genetic or neurological underpinnings of this evolution. Recent advances have been made to our understanding of one case: pheromone preference evolution between the species D. melanogaster and D. simulans. Males of both species are very sensitive to the pheromone 7,11-HD that is present only on the cuticle of female D. melanogaster. In one species this cue activates courtship, and in the other it represses it. This change in valence was recently shown to result from the modification of central processing neurons, rather than changes in peripherally expressed receptors, but nothing is known about the genetic changes that are responsible. In the current study, we show that a 1.35 Mb locus on the X chromosome has a major effect on male 7,11-HD preference. Unfortunately, when this locus is divided, the effect is largely lost. We instead attempt to filter the 159 genes within this region using our newfound understanding of the neuronal underpinnings of this phenotype to identify and test candidate genes. We present the results of these tests, and discuss the difficulty of identifying the genetic architecture of behavioral traits and the potential of connecting these genetic changes to the neuronal modifications that elicit different behaviors.
Collective PES: More than the sum of individual incentives

Abstract This study synthesizes findings from studies of the social and behavioral outcomes of collective payment for ecosystem services (PES) programs. The collective PES model is distinct from the conventional PES model in that by working with groups, not individuals, it breaks the direct relationship between an individual’s consent to participate, the economic incentive and the expected conservation behavior. In doing so, it raises concerns about whether the collective model is effective and socially just. Here, we assess these concerns by synthesizing findings on four distinct challenges for collective PES: (i) voluntary and informed participation; (ii) household compliance with PES restrictions; (iii) the balance of costs and benefits across community members; and (iv) the interaction with local governance conditions to address the second-order collective action problem inherent in collective PES. Through a review of 41 studies covering 16 collective PES programs located in 12 countries, we find that collective PES can change behavior and provide socioeconomic and ecological benefits, but institutional context matters. Our review points to how program design and local governance dynamics can influence the ability of collective PES to attain desired social and behavioral outcomes.
Magnetic Field Directed Rare‐Earth Separations

The separation of rare-earth ions from one another is challenging due to their chemical and physical similarities. Nearly all rare-earth separations rely upon small changes in ionic radii to direct speciation or reactivity. Herein, we show that the intrinsic magnetic properties of the rare-earth ions impact the separations of light/heavy and selected heavy/heavy binary mixtures. Using TriNOx3- ([{(2-t BuNO)C6 H4 CH2 }3 N]3- ) rare-earth complexes, we efficiently and selectively crystallized heavy rare earths (Tb-Yb) from a mixture with light rare earths (La and Nd) in the presence of an external Fe14 Nd2 B magnet, concomitant with the introduction of a concentration gradient (decrease in temperature). The optimal separation was observed for an equimolar mixture of La:Dy, which gave an enrichment factor of EFLa:Dy =297±31 for the solid fraction, compared to EFLa:Dy =159±22 in the absence of the field, and achieving a 99.7 % pure Dy sample in one step. These results indicate that the application of a magnetic field can improve performance in a molecular separation system for paramagnetic rare-earth cations.
Poster Abstract: Unobtrusive Sleep Monitoring with Low-Cost Pressure Sensor Array

Human beings spend approximately one third of their day sleeping to maintain bodily function and mental health. Many individuals suffer from life-threatening apnea episodes or breathing blockages during sleep. This paper proposes a low-cost, unobtrusive, portable pressure sensor array (PSA) for analyzing and tracking the sleep quality based on parameters such as respiratory rate (RR), body movements (BM), in-bed time (IBT), and apnea episodes (AE). The pressure sensors are fabricated by stacking a layer of anti-static (velostat) material with two layers of conductive fabric. The pressure sensors are sealed with two laminating layers. A 32-bit cortex-M0+ based microcontroller is used for data acquisition. The data obtained is locally stored in a PC for processing and analysis. The respiratory rate is extracted by data pre-processing and frequency analysis with a fixed window segmentation.
A novel ceramic derived processing route for Multi-Principal Element Alloys

Abstract In recent years, Multi-Principal Element Alloys (MPEAs) have emerged as a new and exciting class of materials. To date, the most widely used processing methods for MPEAs are arc melting and mechanical alloying. The study explores the feasibility of an alternative, novel process to process bulk MPEA samples, namely the reduction of an oxide powder precursor mix. Equiatomic CuCoFeNi was selected as a model system of study because these elements form a subset of a large proportion of MPEA compositions already studied. High purity precursor oxide powders of Co3O4, CuO, Fe2O3 and NiO were milled and mixed using standard ceramic processing methods. The green pellets were subjected to a reduction annealing treatment in flowing 5%H2–N2 at 1000 °C, with heat-treatment times ranging from 4 to 1000 h. After 4 h, the sample was transformed into a dense metallic bulk sample with no residual oxides. The microstructure was characterized by x-ray EDS, SEM and XRD, and was shown to consist of a polycrystalline matrix, and a copper-rich second phase situated at the triple points. The hardness was studied by nano-indentation. Using EPMA (electron microprobe analysis), the composition of the matrix was determined to be Cu18.1Co26.6Fe26.9Ni28.4 (at%), which represents the single phase MPEA composition. Oxide reduction is a viable technique for processing bulk complex metallic alloys, with potential for novel microstructural tailoring.
Comparing Interpretive Methods Targeting Invasive Species Management at Cumberland Island National Seashore

Interpretation designed to increase public understanding and appreciation of environmental issues can provide support for management actions in protected areas, but the relative impact of different...
The Impact of Guided Imagery on Pain and Anxiety in Hospitalized Adults

Abstract Background The use and impact of guided imagery in the acute care setting is limited. Aims The purpose of this quality improvement project was to evaluate the feasibility of a guided imagery intervention to change pain scores, anxiety scores, and opioid analgesia usage among hospitalized adults in an acute care setting. Design Quality improvement project using three measurements (baseline, 24 hours, and 48 hours). Settings Acute care hospital. Participants/Subjects Adult inpatients referred to an APRN-led pain management service. Methods The intervention was the use of a 30-minute guided imagery recording delivered via MP3 player which patients used twice daily. Results Limited changes were seen in pain scores, with no statistically significant results (p = .449). Statistically significant reductions were found in both anxiety scores (p Conclusions Findings from this quality improvement project support the impact of guided imagery on anxiety and opioid analgesia use. Changes in pain scores were not demonstrated in this project. Additional research with a rigorous design is needed to determine cause and effect conclusions. Clinical Implications The use of guided imagery as an adjunctive intervention for pain control may engage and empower the patient in self-care activities, which may have an impact on how care is perceived. Guided imagery is a low-cost, easily implemented approach that can be incorporated into patient care to reduce anxiety and, potentially, opioid analgesia use.
Comparison of four enzymatic library preparation kits for sequencing Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli for surveillance and outbreak detection.

Abstract Four enzymatic DNA library preparation kits were compared for sequencing Shiga toxin-producing E. coli. All kits produced high quality sequence data which performed equally well in the downstream analyses for surveillance and outbreak detection. Important differences were noted in the workflow user-friendliness and per sample cost.
Investingating the effects of personality and social support on meaning-making after the loss of a spouse

This study examined the impact of individual demographic characteristics (i.e., age and gender), personality traits, and social integration on meaning-making after the death of a spouse. Secondary data were used from the Changing Lives of Older Couples sample (CLOC; Wortman, 1992). These data were collected from mostly White individuals in three metropolitan counties in Detroit, Michigan. Regression analyses were conducted to investigate the influence of hypothesized predictors on meaning-making as assessed six months following the loss. The findings indicated that personality and social integration did not have a significant effect on meaning making; however, the results did indicate that age was positively related to meaning. Additional analysis was conducted for the individual items from the meaning-making scale as the dependent variables. A limitation of this study was concerning reliability for the personality measures Extraversion and Openness. Future research should utilize scales with higher reliability in assessing the five dimensions of personality.
AVT-NBL: an algorithm for learning compact and accurate naive Bayes classifiers from attribute value taxonomies and data

In many application domains, there is a need for learning algorithms that can effectively exploit attribute value taxonomies (AVT) - hierarchical groupings of attribute values - to learn compact, comprehensible, and accurate classifiers from data - including data that are partially specified. This paper describes AVT-NBL, a natural generalization of the naive Bayes learner (NBL), for learning classifiers from AVT and data. Our experimental results show that AVT-NBL is able to generate classifiers that are substantially more compact and more accurate than those produced by NBL on a broad range of data sets with different percentages of partially specified values. We also show that AVT-NBL is more efficient in its use of training data: AVT-NBL produces classifiers that outperform those produced by NBL using substantially fewer training examples.
A Review of: “Kane, Thomas M., Chinese Grand Strategy and Maritime Power.”

In recent years there has been much discussion of China's ongoing military buildup and of its strategic intentions, but how the former may be driving the latter is a matter of considerable controve...
Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice-to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.
Intraoperative Continuous Veno-Venous Hemofiltration Facilitates Surgery in Liver Transplant Patients with Acute Renal Failure

Abstract Introduction We have aggressively used continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) on high model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score liver transplant patients with acute kidney injury and hypothesized that the addition of intraoperative CVVH therapy would improve overall outcomes. Methods We performed a retrospective review of all adult, single organ, liver transplant recipients requiring preoperative renal replacement therapy between January 1, 2011 and June 1, 2013. Intraoperative and perioperative records and laboratory values were collected and used to create a database of these patients. Patients were grouped according to whether or not they underwent CVVH at the time of liver transplantation. Results Twenty-one patients with new-onset renal failure requiring preoperative renal replacement therapy received a liver transplant alone. Fourteen received intraoperative CVVH and 7 patients did not. The average MELD score was similar between groups (34 for intraoperative CVVH vs 35; P = .8). Preoperative sodium and potassium were higher for the group receiving intraoperative CVVH, but still fell within normal ranges. Preoperative lactate levels were higher in the group that received intraoperative CVVH (4.7 vs 2.0 mmol/L; P = .01). Intraoperative CVVH did not decrease intraoperative transfusion requirements or intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital lengths of stay. Differences in reoperative rates did not reach statistical significance. All patients were weaned off renal replacement therapy. One-year patient survival rate was 86% for intraoperative CVVH versus 71% without. Conclusion The judicious use of intraoperative CVVH therapy may permit patients with increasing severity of illness to achieve outcomes comparable with less ill patients.
The Effects of Using a Ramp and Elevator to Load and Unload Trailers on the Behavior and Physiology of Piglets

Transport is an inevitable process in the modern U.S. swine industry. The loading process is a novel and potentially stressful experience. This study uses behavior, heart rate and leukocyte counts to compare stress one hour before, during and after loading via ramp or elevator. Piglets were held in a home pen (control (CON)), walked up and down an aisle (handled (HAN)), or walked to a truck and loaded via elevator (ELE) or ramp (RAM). Sitting, feeding and blood parameters did not show a significant treatment by time effect (p > 0.05). Standing behavior did not differ between CON and HAN piglets nor between RAM and ELE piglets (p > 0.05); however, CON and HAN piglets stood more than RAM and ELE piglets during treatment (p < 0.05). After treatment, drinking behavior was increased in RAM piglets (p < 0.05). The heart rate of ELE piglets decreased 6.3% after treatment; whereas the heart rate of RAM piglets remained elevated 2.4% (p < 0.05). In terms of heart rate, loading by elevator appears to be less stressful than loading by ramp.
Use of tapered key collars in dipole models for the SSC

Three 1-m Superconducting Super Collider type dipole magnet models were constructed and tested using tapered keys to lock interleaving Al alloy collars around the coils. This design enables the coil prestress to be created by hoop tension in the collars as the keys are pressed in, and minimizes the high coil overstress required to insert traditional nontapered keys. A description of the design includes a finite-element analysis along with an assessment of the forces needed to key the collars. It was found that collaring may be accomplished without exceeding 10000 psi coil pressure while producing in excess of 7500 psi coil pressure after collaring. Significantly, this design enabled Al collars to be used with their advantage of maintaining coil prestress during cooldown. Coil prestress measured during and after the collaring of the three models is described. >
RATE VARIABLES AND AUTOMATIZED NAMING IN DEVELOPMENTAL DYSLEXIA

The rate variable in rapid automatized naming (RAN) was investigated in 50 adolescent and 40 adult students with developmental dyslexia, in matched normal controls, and in learning-disabled students without reading difficulties. Visual stimuli depicting familiar colors and common objects were presented in isolation at three film speeds and three exposure times. Film speed and exposure time contributed as independent variables to error rate; and dyslexic subjects of both age groups made significantly more naming errors than controls. Dyslexic subjects also responded with longer naming latencies than controls when the same RAN stimuli were presented in a continuous sequential mode as a matrix of rows and columns. Naming latencies in the sequential presentation were highly correlated with naming errors in the film version. The implications of reduced naming rates for nongraphological stimuli in developmental dyslexia are discussed.
Gabapentin for the Treatment of Pain Syndrome Related to Radiation-Induced Mucositis in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer Treated With Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy

BACKGROUND: This retrospective study evaluated the efficacy of gabapentin for the treatment of pain syndromes related to radiation-induced mucositis in patients with head and neck cancers treated with concurrent chemoradiation. METHODS: Data from 42 patients with head and neck malignancies treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy using an intensity-modulated radiotherapy technique were analyzed. Gabapentin was initiated in the second week of radiotherapy. Opiates were prescribed in addition to gabapentin as clinically indicated to obtain adequate pain control. RESULTS: At a median dose of 2700 mg/day of gabapentin, only 33% and 55% of patients required additional low-dose narcotic medications for pain control during the third and fourth week of treatment, respectively, despite exhibiting a grade 2 or higher mucositis in 71% and 86% of the patients, respectively. Furthermore, during the last weeks of treatment, 71% of the patients required additional low-dose opiates for adequate pain control, despite the presence of grade 2 or higher mucositis in 95% and 100% of patients at Weeks 5 and 6, respectively. Only 1 patient had a treatment-related interruption of >3 days during chemoradiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Gabapentin appears to be promising in reducing the need for high total doses of opioids and avoiding unplanned treatment interruptions for patients with head and neck malignancies treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy and should be further evaluated prospectively in controlled clinical trials. Cancer 2010;116:4206–13. V C 2010 American Cancer Society.
Induction of LH surges with 17β estradiol in prepuberal beef heifers: An age dependent response

Abstract Twenty-four crossbred heifer calves were used to determine the age at which the endocrine mechanisn involving the stimulatory action of estradiol on luteinizing hormone (LH) release becomes competent to function in prepuberal beef heifers. Twelve calves were studied at 3 months of age at an average body weight of 113 kg; and 12 were studied at 5 months of age at an average body weight of 171 kg. Half of the heifers in each age group were injected with 500 μg of estradiol-17β (E2) in corn oil and half were injected with corn oil (controls). Acute release of LH did not occur in any control heifers of either age nor in any 3-month-old, E2-treated heifers but did occur in four of the six heifers treated at 5 months of age. The acute release, lasting for 6 to 8 hr, was initiated between 12 and 14 hr after injection of estradiol with LH peaks ranging from 39 to 146 ng/ml. These results suggest that the hypothalamic-hypophyseal mechanism responsible for estradiol-stimulated LH release becomes functional between 3 and 5 months of age in calves that do not ovulate until 12 to 16 months of age.
A restricted dynamic programming heuristic algorithm for the time dependent traveling salesman problem

Abstract Dynamic programming (DP) algorithms for the traveling salesman problem (TSP) can easily incorporate time dependent travel times, time windows, and precedence relationships which present difficulties for algorithms based on linear or nonlinear programming formulations and for many TSP heuristics. However, exact DP algorithms for the TSP have exponential storage and computational time requirements and can solve only very small problems. We present a restricted DP heuristic (a generalization of the nearest neighbor heuristic) that can include all the above considerations but solves much larger problems. The heuristic cannot guarantee optimality because only a userspecified specified number of partial tours is retained at each stage. In this paper, the heuristic is implemented for the time dependent traveling salesman problem and is tested on a personal computer on randomly generated problems. The quality of the solution improves, on average, as more computational time is permitted.
Infectious triggers of asthma

There is abundant evidence that asthma is frequently exacerbated by infectious agents. Several viruses have been implicated in the inception and exacerbation of asthma. Recent attention has been directed at the role of infections with the atypical bacteria Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae as agents capable of triggering asthma exacerbations and potentially as inciting agents for asthma. This article examines the evidence for interaction between specific infectious agents and exacerbations of asthma, including the immunopathology of infection-triggered asthma, and the current therapeutic options for management.