cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pretruncal Nonaneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Objective To review the diagnostic evaluation and the clinical course of patients with pretruncal nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Material and Methods The study population consisted of a consecutive series of patients with a pretruncal nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage encountered at Mayo Clinic Rochester during a 6-year interval. We reviewed the clinical manifestations, the neuroimaging characteristics, and the appropriate management. Results The 15 male and 9 female patients with a pretruncal nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage ranged from 3 to 72 years of age (median, 45). Of the 24 patients, 18 had a sudden explosive headache at the time of initial assessment. Ventricular shunting for acute hydrocephalus was indicated in one patient. Neuroimaging studies demonstrated that the center of the hemorrhage was prepontine, and it extended into the inter-peduncular or pre medullary cisterns. In two patients, a small focal hemorrhage was not noted on an admission computed tomographic scan but was identified on repeated study. A second four-vessel cerebral angiogram, obtained in most patients, showed normal findings in four patients who had had cerebral vasospasm on the first study. In one patient, moderate cerebral vasospasm was found on the second angiogram. No patient had rebleeding. One patient had transient dysphasia associated with cerebral vasospasm after cerebral angiography. Two patients had a family history of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Conclusion The excellent outcome in patients with pretruncal nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is in distinct contrast to the overall somber outcome associated with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A ruptured aneurysm of the posterior circulation may mimic a pretruncal nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and should be excluded on the basis of a technically satisfactory cerebral angiogram.
Enhancement of the metal‐binding properties of chitosan through synthetic addition of sulfur‐ and nitrogen‐containing compounds

Several new chitosan derivatives were synthesized with the intent of forming polymers that could be used in hazardous waste remediation as toxic metal-binding agents in aqueous environments. The ability of these derivatives to bind Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, and Fe2+ was tested and compared to chitosan. Four of the new compounds, the products of the reaction of chitosan with mercaptosuccinic acid, thiirane, pyridoxal hydrochloride, and succinamide, show promising results as binding agents for the above metal ions. The compound with mercaptosuccinic acid bound twice as much Cd2+, five times as much Pb2+, and virtually no Fe2+ when compared to chitosan. The compound with thiirane bound three times as much Pb2+, whereas the pyridoxal hydrochloride derivative bound 30% more Cu2+ and twice the Pb2+. The succinamide derivative gave results comparable to chitosan, but with decreased solubility at low pH. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Subcellular distribution of p21 and PCNA in normal and repair-deficient cells following DNA damage

Abstract Background: The p21 protein binds to both cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). In mammalian cells, DNA damage results in an increase in the level of p53 protein, which stimulates expression of the gene encoding p21, which in turn leads to an inhibition of Cdk activity. Biochemical studies have shown that the direct interaction between p21 and PCNA blocks the latter's function in DNA replication but not in DNA repair. In addition to the p53-dependent damage response, the stimulation of quiescent cells with serum can also cause a p53-independent elevation in p21 gene expression. It is not clear, however, whether the induction of p21 protein under these two circumstances serves the same purpose. In this study, we have investigated the kinetics of p21 induction by DNA damage and serum stimulation and the consequent effects on cell-cycle progression. Using both normal and repair-deficient human cells, we have also analyzed the nuclear distribution of p21 in relation to that of PCNA. Results In vivo immunofluorescence staining experiments indicate that, following UV damage, DNA repair is not inhibited by the presence of a large amount of p21 protein in the nucleus; in contrast, cells undergoing DNA replication during S phase contain very low amounts of p21. The addition of serum induced a transitory elevation of p21 levels, whereas UV damage to cells resulted in a sustained, high level of p21 that was more tightly associated with the nuclear structure. Interestingly, cells deficient in global nucleotide excision–repair displayed a distinct pattern of detergent-insoluble p21 that co-localized with PCNA. Conclusion The in vivo studies presented here, which are consistent with our previous findings in vitro , indicate that p21 has a differential effect on DNA replication and DNA repair, and that the induction of p21 by serum and DNA damage may have different consequences. Furthermore, the co-localization of p21 and PCNA in the nucleus of normal and repair-deficient human cells indicates that p21 and PCNA interact during post-damage events.
The Utilization of User Sessions in Testing

Software testing cost is rising with the complexity of modern applications' user interfaces, frameworks, and technologies. However, testing stays an import software engineering stage that insures the quality of the developed software and eventually reduces the overall cost. This paper proposed utilizing user sessions for test case generation and execution. User sessions can be gathered from the application in production environments and represent user stories or scenarios. Rather than rerunning user sessions for test automation, as in record/replay tools, this research takes the track of abstracting requirements from those sessions to make them independent of the scripting language or the tool that created them. The suggested approach abstracts user sessions to make them more independent and reusable. This approach is expected to improve the utilization of user sessions from being copied and reused in the same original format, which makes it complex to edit and inflexible, to a format that can be used and utilized in different applications and platforms.
Ontological User Profiles for Representing Context in Web Search

The goal of Web search personalization is to tailor search results to a particular user based on that user's interests and preferences. We present an approach to personalized search that involves building models of user context as ontological profiles by assigning implicitly derived interest scores to existing concepts in a domain ontology. Our experiments show that re-ranking the search results based on the interest scores and the semantic evidence in an ontological user profile is effective in presenting the most relevant results to the user.
Victim Precipitation Further Understanding the Linkage Between Victimization and Offending in Homicide

Studies assessing the overlap between victimization and offending have yet to include an examination of this phenomenon within victim precipitated homicide. In recognition of this gap in the litera...
Future of PECVD and spin-on ultra low-k materials

A few years ago, we developed at the IBM Almaden Research Center, the concept of introducing carbon in low-k materials in the form of bridging units between the silicon atoms and not as a pendant methyl group. Since then, this strategy has been widely adopted among the semi-conductor industry and the most advanced spin-on and PECVD ULK materials are now based on this model. This paper addresses the concept of designing ultra low-k bridged materials to achieve the best mechanical properties, to control the pore size and connectivity and to prevent plasma damage.
Between, within and across cultures

The phenomenon of contemporary composers reaching across cultures in search of inspiration, musical materials and forms, and new ideas is not a new one, but it is occurring now with greater frequency. Some seek to join inherited traditions from within their own ancestral cultures with new traditions from the West or with new technologies. Some are Westerners exploring traditional musical forms and aesthetics from cultures different from their own. The process of engaging interculturally raises complex issues, at times challenging historical attitudes towards the culture of ‘the other’. The author considers a wide range of motivations for this emerging body of work, surveying the range of approaches that composers have taken, and urges the cultivation of cultural sensitivity. This essay proposes what the author terms a ‘reflective compositional process’ with which composers can explore their motivations and compositional strategies and consider the relationships inhering between materials and cultural origins. Implications for works engaging new technologies are considered throughout the essay.
Barack Obama's “Fight” to End Poverty: Rhetoric and Reality

Objectives In this article we examine President Barack Obama's leadership on the issue of poverty. Our analysis seeks to address three specific objectives. First, we begin by examining the Obama administration's anti-poverty efforts and their relationship with recent trends in the U.S. poverty rate. Second, we examine President Obama's rhetorical leadership on the issue of poverty, both in absolute terms and compared to other recent presidents. Compared to other recent presidents, how often has Obama talked about issues related to poverty and poor people? Third, we discuss the implications of our results for theories of presidential leadership. Methods We rely on a series of analyses of aggregate poverty trends, as well as content analyses of presidential weekly radio addresses. Results Our analyses find that contrary to the claims of critics, although the poverty rate has risen during President Obama's first term in office, recent increases in poverty have actually been somewhat lower that what would be expected given the state of the economy. The evidence indicates that one important reason for this is the implementation of ARRA. We find considerable support for claims that President Obama has demonstrated relatively little rhetorical leadership on the issue of poverty, although the frequency with which he has emphasized issues related to poverty is not significantly different compared to past presidents. Conclusion President Obama has had some objective success in his anti-poverty efforts, but his leadership style on this issue can be characterized more as a “facilitator” rather than a “director” of change.
Pressure-Driven Enthalpic and Lifshitz Transition in 122-Pnictides

Iron-arsenic pnictides are a class of compounds in which strong Coulomb interactions manifest in novel prop¬erties. We discuss basic ideas behind a Lifshitz transition and review salient properties of 122-pnictides (AFe2As2; A = Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra). Using T = 0 first principles total energy calculations, as a function of hydro¬static pressure, we show that several pressure-driven anomalies, and the tetragonal (T) to collapsed tetragonal (cT) phase transition in the 122-pnictides family, can be understood as consequences of Lifshitz transitions arising from nontrivial changes in Fermi surface topology. We also show that several features found in our calculations, namely, enthalpic, magnetic and T-cT transitions, are universal to the 122-pnictides. (© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimal kernel shapes for local linear regression

Local linear regression performs very well in many low-dimensional forecasting problems. In high-dimensional spaces, its performance typically decays due to the well-known "curse-of-dimensionality". A possible way to approach this problem is by varying the "shape" of the weighting kernel. In this work we suggest a new, data-driven method to estimating the optimal kernel shape. Experiments using an artificially generated data set and data from the UC Irvine repository show the benefits of kernel shaping.
Human Complement Receptor Type 1/CD35 is an Epstein-Barr Virus Receptor

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) attachment to primary B cells initiates virus entry. Although CD21 is the only known receptor for EBVgp350/220, a recent report documents EBV-infected B cells from a patient genetically deficient in CD21. On normal resting B cells, CD21 forms two membrane complexes: one with CD19 and another with CD35. Whereas the CD21/CD19 complex is widely retained on immortalized and B cell tumor lines, the related complement-regulatory protein CD35 is lost. To determine the role(s) of CD35 in initial infection, we transduced a CD21-negative pre-B cell and myeloid leukemia line with CD35, CD21, or both. Cells expressing CD35 alone bound gp350/220 and became latently infected when the fusion receptor HLA II was coexpressed. Temporal, biophysical, and structural characteristics of CD35-mediated infection were distinct from CD21. Identification of CD35 as an EBV receptor uncovers a salient role in primary infection, addresses unsettled questions of virus tropism, and underscores the importance of EBVgp350/220 for vaccine development.
A BARGAINING PERSPECTIVE ON RESOURCE ADVANTAGE

Whereas prices serve to allocate many resources in market economies, there remain vast reservoirs of unpriced resources to be managed. Business management and strategy concerns the creation, evaluation, manipulation, administration, and deployment of unpriced specialized scarce resource combinations. This paper applies the formalism of cooperative game theory to these concerns. In cooperative game theory, rents appear as the negotiated payments for the services of scarce valuable resources. The division of surplus is determined by the relative values created by different use combinations of resources. Within this framework, the strategy problem is clearly seen as one of discovering or estimating the value of various resource combinations. New wealth can be created by trade in resources as long as there are hitherto unexamined combinations. Copyright  2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Al-Huda International

Al-Huda International was founded in Islamabad in 1994 by Farhat Hashmi and has since spread across several continents. Its rapid spread has been considerably aided by the online classes in English and Urdu from its headquarters in Canada. Its goal is to teach the Qur’an in Arabic to as many women as possible so they can access the sacred text directly without mediation and live in greater harmony with Qur’anic values. One might argue that Al-Huda uses a very “modern” technology, the Internet, to promote “traditional” religious values. But online students’ mastery of Arabic and intensive study of Islamic history and theology, my study argues, simultaneously gives them voice and a sense of empowerment, thereby challenging both traditional Islamic authority structures and Western representations of Muslim women. In this study, based on research grounded in participant observation as a former online student at Al-Huda, I provide an ethnographic portrait of the online learning experience.
Deep Lithospheric Thickening and Refertilization beneath Continental Arcs: Case Study of the P,T and Compositional Evolution of Peridotite Xenoliths from the Sierra Nevada, California

Thickening of arc lithosphere influences the extent of magmatic differentiation and is thereby important for the evolution of juvenile arcs into mature continental crust. Here, we use mantle xenoliths from the late Mesozoic Sierra Nevada continental arc in California (USA) to constrain the pressure, temperature, and compositional evolution of the deep lithosphere beneath a mature arc.These xenoliths consist of spinel peridotites and garnet-bearing spinel peridotites. The former are characterized by coarse-grained protogranular textures having bulk compositions indicative of high-degree melting. The latter are characterized by porphyroclastic textures, garnet coronas around spinels, garnet exsolution lamellae in pyroxenes, and pyroxenes with high-Al cores and low-Al rims.The garnet-bearing spinel peridotites range from depleted to fertile compositions, but the high Cr-numbers [molar Cr/(CrþAl)] of spinel cores reflect high-degree melting.These observations suggest that the protoliths of the garnet-bearing spinel peridotites were melt-depleted spinel peridotites. Constraints from geothermobarometry and bulk compositions coupled with mantle melting models suggest that the protoliths underwent shallow melt depletion (1^2 GPa, 1300^14008C), followed by compression, cooling, and final equilibration within the garnet stability field ( 3 GPa,58008C). The deepest equilibrated samples are the most refertilized, suggesting that refertilization occurred during compression.We interpret this P^T^composition path to reflect progressive thickening of the Sierran arc lithosphere perhaps as a result of magmatic inflation or tectonic thickening.We hypothesize that newly formed arc lithospheric mantle thickens enough to pinch out the asthenospheric wedge, juxtaposing Sierran arc lithosphere against the subducting oceanic plate.This could have terminated arc magmatism and initiated cooling of the deep Sierran lithosphere.
A tale of two interfaces: How facets affect the library catalog search

In the summer of 2008 all University of North Carolina libraries switched from a traditional library catalog interface supporting text-based searching (TextOnly) to a text and facet-based interface (TextFacet) to improve users' search experiences. This study seeks to understand the differences between these two interfaces and how they affect the search experience of the novice user. In this study, 40 participants were asked to search for resources using both interfaces. Their search times and accuracy were measured across three types of search tasks (known, partially known, and exploratory). After completing the searches, they were asked a series of questions about their experiences. The data were analyzed in order to identify strengths and weaknesses in both search interfaces. Thirty-six out of 40 participants preferred the TextFacet interface to the TextOnly interface. Using three dependent variables—time, accuracy, and rating—the two interfaces were compared and interactions were tested with the three task types. Search times for the TextFacet were shorter and participants preferred the TextFacet search interface over the TextOnly search interface. Performances across the three task types were different in terms of search time. The partially known and exploratory task types showed similar distributions for rating and accuracy. These distributions were distinctly different from the known task type. The results of this study may assist libraries in developing improved library catalog search interfaces that utilize facets as well as text searching.
Perceptions of Physicians, Nurses, and Respiratory Therapists About the Role of Acute Care Nurse Practitioners

• BACKGROUND Information about the contributions of acute care nurse practitioners to medical management teams in critical care settings is limited. • OBJECTIVE To examine contributions of acute care nurse practitioners to medical management of critically ill patients from the perspectives of 3 disciplines: medicine, respiratory care, and nursing. • METHODS Attending physicians, respiratory therapists, and nurses in 2 intensive care units were asked to list 3 advantages and 3 disadvantages of collaborative care provided by acute care nurse practitioners. Qualitative methods (coding/constant comparative analysis) were used to identify common themes and subthemes. Overall response rate was 35% (from 69% for attending physicians to 26% for nurses). • RESULTS Responses were grouped into 4 main themes: accessibility, competence/knowledge, care coordination/communication, and system issues. Acute care nurse practitioners were valued for their accessibility, expertise in routine daily management of patients, and ability to meet patient/family needs, especially for “long-stay” patients. Also, they were respected for their commitment to providing quality care and for their communication skills, exemplified through teaching of nursing staff, patient/family involvement, and fluency in weaning protocols. Physicians valued acute care nurse practitioners’ continuity of care, patient/family focus, and commitment. Nurses valued their accessibility, commitment, and patient/family focus. Respiratory therapists valued their accessibility, commitment, and consistency in implementing weaning protocols. • CONCLUSION Responses reflected unique advantages of acute care nurse practitioners as members of medical management teams in critical care settings. Despite perceptions of the acute care nurse practitioner’s role as medically oriented, the themes reflect a clear nursing focus. (American Journal of Critical Care. 2004;13:480-488)
Mobilization and Poverty Law: Searching for Participatory Democracy Amongst the Ashes of the War on Poverty

In 1964, at the height of the Civil Rights Movement, the federal government launched Community Action, a program that was to be designed and implemented with the maximum feasible participation of the poor. Today in governance theory, we are told once again that participation by affected communities in the mechanisms of governance have the ability to deepen democracy – to yield better policy and to engage new voices in the mechanisms of democracy. Mobilization and Poverty Law: Searching for Participatory Democracy Amongst the Ashes of The War on Poverty turns to history to explore a question central to both governance theory and community lawyering: Do the participatory democracy mechanisms of new governance theory have the ability, or can they be wielded by advocates and poor communities, to render poverty more responsive to community needs? To answer this question, Mobilization and Poverty Law provides a detailed chronicle of the creation and implementation of Community Action and maximum feasible participation and highlights the extraordinary story of its implementation in Durham, North Carolina. The article offers a definition against which to measure whether participation was “robust” and concludes that three factors were crucial in realizing robust participation: 1. the existence of the statutory participatory mandate; 2. the flexibility wielded by administrators in implementing the mandate; and 3. the choice by the agency to fund autonomous, community-controlled groups as a mechanism to realize robust participation. The article ends with two primary conclusions, one directed at new governance and the second directed at those invested in community lawyering. For new governance, the history suggests that participatory structures, as currently constituted, are likely to lead to little more than tokenism. For advocates committed to support the efforts of communities to build and wield political power, however, the article offers a more hopeful suggestion. Embracing what Scott Cummings has termed “constrained legalism,” the article suggests that advocates might take a page from history and, like our predecessors, seek to create, out of the tokenistic nods to participatory governance in current policy, programs and structures that might yield both robust participation and poverty policy that, in the eyes of poor communities, actually meets their needs.
Design and Usability of Military Maintenance Skills Simulation Training Systems

This paper reports on results of usability studies of soldiers using advanced simulation training systems. Data were collected from users of a series of simulation systems, a collection of Army ground tracked vehicle desktop diagnostic trainers, developed over the past decade. The paper describes the evolution of system design and testing over the past decade with details on usability, user and instructor perceptions, and use. The paper provides guidelines for future simulation systems using a model that considers task affor-dances and demands, user characteristics, and the nature of the domain.
Managing newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation: Rate, rhythm, and risk

The treatment of atrial fibrillation focuses on controlling the heart rate, preventing thromboembolic events, and, depending on the symptoms, restoring and maintaining sinus rhythm. In most cases, the rate or rhythm can be quickly controlled, and a long-term plan can be started that will minimize the impact of this disorder on the life of the patient.
Induction of High Resistance to Permethrin in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus

A high level of resistance to d-trans permethrin [3-Phenoxybenzyl- d-trans -3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate] of >;4000-fold has been induced in larvae of the southern house mosquito by selection of a California population in the laboratory. Cross-resistance involves d-cis permethrin [3-phenoxybenzyl- d-cis -3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate] at 1021-fold and various other pyrethroids. Resistance is relatively high in heterozygotes (ca. 40-fold). The magnitude of resistance and the limited effect of the synergists, piperonyl butoxide and DEF® ( S,S,S -tributyl phosphorotrithioate), on the resistant strain suggest that non-metabolic mechanisms such as reduced sensitivity of the target site may be the primary source of resistance.
Toward a Critically Personalistic General Psychology in Consideration of Its Unifying Potential

At a time of renewed interest in the possibility of unifying psychology, the present article suggests that the personalistic perspective might warrant consideration as a possible framework within w...
Ability of Ti O 2 ( 110 ) surface to be fully hydroxylated and fully reduced

Many $\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ applications (e.g., in heterogeneous catalysis) involve contact with ambient atmosphere and/or water. The resulting hydroxylation can significantly alter its surface properties. While the behavior of a single, isolated OH species on the model metal oxide surface of rutile $\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}(110)$ is relatively well understood, much less is known regarding highly hydroxylated surfaces and/or whether $\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}(110)$ could be fully hydroxylated under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Here we report the in situ formation of a well-ordered, fully hydroxylated $\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}(110)\ensuremath{-}(1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)$ surface using an enhanced photochemical approach, the key parts of which are predosing of water and multistep dissociative adsorption and subsequent photolysis of the carboxylic (trimethyl acetic) acid. Combining scanning tunneling microscopy, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory results, we show that the attained ``super OH'' surface is also fully reduced, as a result of the photochemical charging of electron traps associated with the OH groups.
Recent Advances in the On-line Detection Technology of Coal Elemental Composition

The emergence of long-life and low-cost neutron tube products of electron-impulse type has played a significant role in the further advancement of a new-generation on-line analytical technology for coal elemental composition. By using the analytical technology of fast thermal neutron elements of the impulse type coupled with the application of multifarious nuclear reactions it is possible to analyze the coal elemental composition with a better accuracy. Moreover, the apparatus used also features a higher safety. After an exposition of the analytical theory of fast thermal neutron elements of the impulse type the authors describe two kinds of on-line detection system for the coal elemental composition, namely, the chute type and the belt type.
Mortality among Seed Trees in Longleaf Pine Shelterwood Stands

nlortulity of longieaf pine ( Pinus palustris Mill.) seed trees was recorded in 27 regeneration areas rangingfrom North Carolina to Louisiana. Annual mortality averaged 0.7 percent before, and 1.9 percent after a seed cut reduced stand density to about 30 square f&t of hasal area per acre. On a per-acre bask, liowever, anwal losses averaged 0.4 tree both before and after cutting. Yeurly mortality of 0.2 tree par acre or less wis rccordedfor more tAan half of ull ohervations. William D. Boyer
Benign Responses to Orthopaedic Implants: Really?

Metal wear particles generated by metal-on-metal (MoM) bearings may be widely disseminated into the local periprosthetic tissues and throughout the body, resulting in measurable increases in metal ion levels in serum, erythrocytes, and urine. There is increasing recognition that these metal degradation products have both local and systemic biologic implications for the patient and may lead to a range of adverse biological reactions including local soft tissue toxicity, bone loss, and an array of systemic and immunologic effects. Metal hypersensitivity responses can also cause similar reactions in the absence of high wear. Additional concerns exist regarding corrosion at modular junctions in orthopaedic implants, as this process can also lead to release of metal debris that in many cases may be greater than that seen at the bearing surface. A vast amount of effort has gone into understanding these effects in the past decade, and the orthopaedic community is just beginning to understand their scope. This chapter reviews the available evidence on the biological implications of metal degradation products released from both articular and nonarticular sources. In addition, the potential role of metal debris-induced immunologic and cellular responses in the pathogenesis of these reactions is discussed to the extent that it is understood.
Call for Submissions: New Clinical Diabetes Department Focuses on Quality Improvement and Practice Transformation Initiatives

EDITOR’S NOTE : Quality Improvement Success Stories, a new Clinical Diabetes department developed in collaboration with the American College of Physicians, Inc., and the National Diabetes Education Program, will feature articles and a searchable online collection of information about quality improvement and practice transformation initiatives in the area of diabetes care. This article provides the rationale and article submission process for this new offering.
Examining ethnic disparities in provider and parent in-session participation engagement.

Well-documented ethnic disparities exist in the identification and provision of quality services among children receiving community-based mental health services. These disparities extend to parent treatment engagement, an important component of effective mental health services. Currently, little is known about differences in how providers support parents’ participation in treatment and the degree to which parents actively participate in it. The purpose of this paper is to examine potential differences in both provider and parent in-session participation behaviours.,Participants included 17 providers providing standard community-based mental health treatment for 18 parent-child dyads, with 44 per cent of the dyads self-identifying as Hispanic/Latino. In-session participation was measured with the parent participation engagement in child psychotherapy and therapist alliance, collaboration, and empowerment strategies observational coding systems.,Overall, results indicate significantly lower levels of parent participation behaviours among Hispanic/Latino families compared to their Non-Hispanic/Non-Latino counterparts. No significant differences were seen in providers’ in-session behaviours to support parent participation across Hispanic/Latino and Non-Hispanic/Non-Latino families.,These findings contribute to the literature on ethnic differences in parent treatment engagement by utilising measures of in-session provider and parent behaviours and suggest that further investigation is warranted to documenting and understanding ethnic disparities in parents’ participation in community-based child mental health treatment.,This paper contributes to the evaluation of differences in parent treatment engagement through demonstrating the utility of an in-session observational coding system as a measure of treatment engagement.
La colonización cultural de las teorías de interpretación de las culturas: el caso de la multiculturalización y el teatro latinoamericano

This article proposes that all model or strategy is embedded in a specific historical context and it is founded on principles consistent with the interpretive community of which comes. This, at the same time, is inserted in a specific historical situation and in the context of cultuml proposals consistent with the political and ideological conflicts of his time. This hypothesis is supplemented by the following: model emerged from another historicy to other texts and contexts has in itself the potential to exclude and to make impossible the revelatory reading of the historicity and communicative functionality of texts produced within other communicative contexts.
Fabrication of monodispersed α-Fe2O3@SiO2 core-shell nanospheres and investigation of their dielectric behavior

Abstract We report dielectric behavior of uniformly dispersed α-Fe2O3@SiO2 core-shell nanospheres prepared by employing solvothermal technique. The α-Fe2O3@SiO2 core-shell nanospheres were subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which substantiates the presence of metal iron and silicon functional groups. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis establishes the phase purity and composition. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis demonstrates the formation of α-Fe2O3@SiO2 core-shell nanospheres which is further corroborated by scanning electron microscopy images that authenticates the thickness of the shell is sufficiently larger than the core. A relatively high dielectric permittivity (1100) and low loss factor (1.51) is obtained at 1 KHz (at 40 °C). The material follows positive temperature coefficient of resistance type behavior as evidenced in the impedance analysis.
Vitamin A and β-carotene in pregnant and breastfeeding post-bariatric women in an urban population

Background As breastfeeding awareness and social acceptance are increased, maternal nutritional deficiency requires more investigation. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted to determine if vitamin A deficiency is more common in pregnant, lactating post-bariatric surgery women in an inner city population. Antepartum, women after bariatric surgery and controls with no history of malabsorption were recruited. Third trimester, postpartum maternal blood and cord blood were collected as well as three breast milk samples: colostrum, transitional and mature milk. A nutritional survey of diet was completed. Each serum sample was analyzed for total retinol and β-carotene; breast milk samples were analyzed for retinol and retinyl esters, total retinol and β-carotene. Results Fifty-three women after bariatric surgery and 66 controls were recruited. Postpartum serum retinol was significantly higher in women after bariatric surgery in the univariate analysis (P<0.0001) and confirmed in the multiple linear mixed model (P=0.0001). Breast milk colostrum retinol and transitional milk total retinol were significantly greater in the bariatric surgery group in the univariate analysis (P=0.03 and P=0.02, respectively), but not after adjusting for confounders. Serum β-carotene in the third trimester and postpartum were lower (P<0.0001 and P=0.003, respectively) in the bariatric surgery group but not after adjusting for confounders. Vitamin A deficiency was high in both groups in serum and breast milk samples. Conclusion Nutritional deficiencies in breastfeeding women after bariatric surgeries may in fact be less common than in control women in an inner city.
Risk and Protective Factors for Alcohol, Marijuana, and Cocaine Use Among Child Welfare-Involved Youth.

Abstract Youth involved in child welfare services (CWS) are at elevated risk for substance use. CWS involvement may provide an opportunity for intervention to prevent subsequent use; however, little is known about mitigating substance use risk in this population. Using data from the second National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW II), the present study examined individual, psychological, and contextual risk factors (e.g., prior substance use, depression, posttraumatic stress, maltreatment experiences) and protective factors (e.g., caregiver monitoring, peer relationships) following CWS involvement (Wave 1) in relation to alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine use 36 months later (Wave 3). The nationally-representative sample of CWS-involved youth was restricted to individuals who were aged 11 years or older at Wave 1 and had at least a partial interview at Wave 3 (N = 763). Three logistic regression models showed that Wave 1 substance use increased the likelihood of marijuana and cocaine use at Wave 3 [marijuana OR = 1.41 (1.19–1.68); cocaine OR = 1.26 (1.07–1.50)] but not binge alcohol use [OR = 1.44 (0.95–2.19)]. Other risk and protective factors had limited predictive value for Wave 3 substance use. The present findings suggest that initiating substance use prior to or at the time of CWS involvement is a critical risk factor for later substance use. Substance use screening and referral to treatment is imperative for CWS-involved youth.
Successful Smoking Cessation Associated with Walking Behavior in Patients with Claudication.

Background Behavioral economics theories suggest that a preference for delayed benefits promotes positive behavioral change, a concept relevant to both smoking cessation and community-based exercise regimens for claudication. Given the high rate of smoking among older veterans, we were interested in examining the association between smoking cessation, exercise regimen adherence, and preferences for delayed versus immediate benefits. Methods Between April 2017 and March 2018, patients with claudication at the Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Houston, Texas, received questionnaires collecting information on social, behavioral, and psychological characteristics. A dual validation system, via the electronic medical record and survey data, measured the primary outcome—smoking cessation versus current smoking. Self-reported physical activity was measured through the validated Ainsworth's compendium of Physical Activities and binary survey questions. The Walking Impairment and Barratt's Impulsivity Questionnaires measured subjective symptom severity and behavioral economics factors, respectively. Multivariable, logistic regression models identified significant associations. Results The survey was mailed to 500 patients who met the eligibility criteria. We received responses from 148 individuals (30%), and 67 of 141 (48%) indicated that they had successfully quit smoking. In unadjusted comparisons, the median cognitive complexity score in the smoking cessation group was higher than that in the current smoking group. A greater proportion of patients who reported walking for exercise (n = 46) also reported successful smoking cessation (28/46, 61%). Among those who were not walking for exercise (n = 88), more individuals reported current smoking (49/88, 56%). In the multivariable model, individuals who had successfully stopped smoking were older (odds ratio [OR]: 7.59, P Conclusions We found that participants who reported successful smoking cessation were more likely to report walking for exercise. Our findings suggest that adherence to walking may be less challenging for patients who have already successfully implemented and continue to implement another beneficial health behavior (smoking cessation). Patients with claudication who are current smokers may be less likely to adopt exercise recommendations.
Understanding Different Health Care Systems and Funds Flow Models in Surgery

The academic medical center in the modern era must simultaneously support medical education and research while frequently delivering complex, specialized care. The structure of an academic health care system and the methodology by which resources are allocated among the various entities significantly influence the conduct of the clinical, research, educational, and administrative functions of an academic clinical department. Ultimately, functional alignment determines the funds flow model. Success in achieving financial viability while simultaneously addressing the tripartite academic mission requires ongoing vigilance, agility, fluidity, innovation and ultimately, compromise.
Gabrielle Suchon, Freedom, and the Neutral Life

ABSTRACTA central project of Enlightenment thought is to ground claims to natural freedom and equality. This project is the foundation of Suchon’s view of freedom. But it is not the whole story. Fo...
Female Combatants after Armed Struggle: Lost in Transition?

Niall Gilmartin’s Female Combatants after Armed Struggle: Lost in Transition? represents a timely entry into scholarly debates on multiple levels. On the one hand, by making connections between Nor...
Chapter 6 - The Impact of Biotechnology on the Health Care Industry1

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the impact of biotechnology on the health care industry, determining the extent to which the various segments of the industry are based on biotechnology, reviews their historical development, and discusses the present activities in the field. Biotechnology is defined as the application of scientific and engineering principles to the processing of materials by biological agents to provide goods and services. By this definition, biotechnology in the health care field is restricted to the production of diagnostic, therapeutic, and prophylactic agents. Sales of pharmaceuticals are commonly broken down into a variety of categories and subcategories. Most of these categories owe a considerable amount to biotechnology and the perseverance and persistence of its practitioners. The field of biotechnology is undergoing one or more period of transition. This has come about because of the application of new tools to the biotechnology field, that is, the use of recombinant DNA techniques and cell-fusion techniques. There is no doubt the new biotechnology companies are leading the industry into new fields of fruitful endeavour. The successful melding of the new approaches with other lines of pharmaceutical research will lead to the development of useful therapeutic agents unidentifiable and unpredictable as of now. Throughout this development, it is critical for the industry that many of the new companies grow and prosper.
Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Mouse Brain Segmentation in DT-MRI

Mice are routinely used as an animal model for brain research. Therefore, automatic and robust mouse brain segmentation is an essential task in many applications since it affects the outcomes of the entire analysis. Automated human brain segmentation have been well studied. However, applying existing methods for human brain segmentation directly to the mouse brain is not immediately applicable due to the difference in size, shape and structure between the human and mouse brains. In this paper, we present an automatic mouse brain segmentation method based on a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) called U-Net. Quantitative assessment of the proposed method is performed on 26 mouse brain diffusion MRI studies with a reference standard obtained from expert manual segmentation. We also compared the segmentation result with several state-of-art human brain segmentation methods. The result shows that the proposed CNN model outperforms other methods yielding an average Dice coefficient of 0.974, Hausdorff distance of 3.875 mm, and mean surface distance of 0.134 mm.
Malaria surveillance in Beihai City of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region during 1992-2009

Objective To understand the malaria epidemic situation in Beihai City of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region during 1992-2009. Methods The malaria monitoring data in Beihai City were analyzed with the descriptive epidemiology method. The malaria monitoring data and related records stored at Beihai Center for Disease Control and Prevention including the malaria case reports, individual case investigations and relating blood smear examination data in Beihai City during 1992-2009 were all collected and analyzed statistically. Results Thirty-seven malaria cases were reported in Beihai City during 1992-2009, the annual mean morbidity number was 2.06. Before 1996, there were 31 cases, while after 1996, 6 cases. The annual mean blood test rate was 1. 33% in fever patients of local residents who never went out the city, among them the positive rate for malaria was 0. The monitoring mobile population were 9 716 people, among them 37 malaria cases checked out, the positive rate for malaria was 0.38%. All cases were suffered from vivax malaria. Those cases mainly imported from Yunnan, Hainan, Guizhou, Burma and so on where are highly epidemic areas of malaria.The patients were young adults working at those areas. Conclusion After achieving the standard of elimination of malaria, there were imported malaria cases, so appropriate measures must be taken to prevent the imported transmission of malaria. Key words: Malaria; Surveillance; Mobile population
“I’m Not a Number, I’m a Human Being:” A Phenomenological Study of Women’s Responses to Labeling:

Since the 1970s, the number of women under correctional supervision has risen drastically. With the increase in women’s system-involvement, it is important to consider the impact that crime-focused...
Nora Virus VP4b and ORF1 Circulate in Hemolymph of Infected D. melanogaster with Coordinate Expression of Vago and Vir-1

Study of the novel RNA virus, Nora virus, which is a persistent, picorna-like virus that replicates in the gut of Drosophila melanogaster offers insight into human innate immunity and other picorna-like viruses. Nora virus infection leads to a locomotor abnormality and upregulation of two candidate target proteins, Vago and Virus-induced RNA 1 (Vir-1). These proteins are uncharacterized in response to Nora virus. We hypothesize that Nora virus is circulating in the hemolymph of Nora virus-infected D. melanogaster, allowing for migration beyond the primary site of replication in the gut. Analysis by qRT-PCR demonstrated biphasic viral load and corresponding vago and vir-1 transcription levels, suggesting transcription of vago and vir-1 occurs in response to viral infection. However, Vir-1 is also present in virus-free D. melanogaster suggesting basal expression or alternative functions. Presence of Nora virus RNA and the Viral Protein 4b (VP4b), in hemolymph of infected D. melanogaster supports the hypothesized circulation of Nora virus in the hemolymph. The study suggests that impaired locomotor function may be due to transport of Nora virus from the gut to the brain via the hemolymph.
Vector-Quantization-Based Topic Modeling

With the purpose of learning and utilizing explicit and dense topic embeddings, we propose three variations of novel vector-quantization-based topic models (VQ-TMs): (1) Hard VQ-TM, (2) Soft VQ-TM,...
Gene Therapy for Sjögren’s Syndrome

Gene therapy has the potential to introduce a new approach to treating Sjogren’s syndrome. In the last 10 years, gene therapy has advanced from preclinical to approved drugs for a diverse set of conditions, including blindness, neurologic disease, and hemophilia. Many aspects of Sjogren’s syndrome are suited to current vectors and promoters. Preclinical studies in animal models of Sjogren’s syndrome have yielded promising results. In this chapter, we will review the current state of gene transfer technology, its applications, different aspects of vector systems applicable in Sjogren’s syndrome, relevant animal models for preclinical studies, and their outcomes as well as future directions for advancement.