cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expression patterns of basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factors define subsets of olfactory progenitor cells

Direct damage to the olfactory epithelium by inhalation of the olfactotoxin methyl bromide activates a population of multipotent globose basal cells, which reconstitute all depleted cell populations. Because members of the basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors are known to regulate neurogenesis and cell production, we performed in situ hybridization to examine the expression of several members of that family during the recovery of the rat olfactory epithelium after methyl bromide lesion. The numbers of basal cells expressing the proneural transcriptional activators Mash1, Neurogenin1, and NeuroD all fall precipitously 1 day after lesion. Mash1 levels begin to recover by 2 days, Neurogenin1 and NeuroD by 3 days, and substantial numbers of neurons reappear by 4 days. The antineurogenic factor Hes1 is limited to the sustentacular cells of the unlesioned olfactory epithelium and to the adjoining respiratory epithelium. Immediately after methyl bromide lesion, but not at any time after bulbectomy, a large fraction of residual, marker-confirmed globose basal cells initiate expression of Hes1. Subsequently, the Hes1-positive cells lose their association with the basal lamina, shift apically, and differentiate into sustentacular cells. In contrast, Hes5 is expressed by a small subset of globose basal cells and by olfactory ensheathing glia in the normal mucosa; Hes5 label disappears from both transiently after lesion. In sum, the recovery of the neuronal population after peripheral lesion recapitulates the sequence of transcription factor expression observed during embryonic development of the epithelium. Moreover, expression of Hes1 marks that population of globose basal cells committed to making sustentacular cells after methyl bromide lesion.
A Review of: No Caption Needed: Iconic Photographs, Public Culture, and Liberal Democracy, by Robert Hariman and John Louis Lucaites

No Caption Needed advances a simple but powerful claim: what we see frames our experience of public life. Inviting us to consider public culture as an “optic,” or way of seeing, authors Robert Hari...
The National Osteoporosis Foundation’s position statement on peak bone mass development and lifestyle factors: a systematic review and implementation recommendations

Lifestyle choices influence 20–40 % of adult peak bone mass. Therefore, optimization of lifestyle factors known to influence peak bone mass and strength is an important strategy aimed at reducing risk of osteoporosis or low bone mass later in life. The National Osteoporosis Foundation has issued this scientific statement to provide evidence-based guidance and a national implementation strategy for the purpose of helping individuals achieve maximal peak bone mass early in life. In this scientific statement, we (1) report the results of an evidence-based review of the literature since 2000 on factors that influence achieving the full genetic potential for skeletal mass; (2) recommend lifestyle choices that promote maximal bone health throughout the lifespan; (3) outline a research agenda to address current gaps; and (4) identify implementation strategies. We conducted a systematic review of the role of individual nutrients, food patterns, special issues, contraceptives, and physical activity on bone mass and strength development in youth. An evidence grading system was applied to describe the strength of available evidence on these individual modifiable lifestyle factors that may (or may not) influence the development of peak bone mass (Table 1). A summary of the grades for each of these factors is given below. We describe the underpinning biology of these relationships as well as other factors for which a systematic review approach was not possible. Articles published since 2000, all of which followed the report by Heaney et al. [1] published in that year, were considered for this scientific statement. This current review is a systematic update of the previous review conducted by the National Osteoporosis Foundation [1]. Considering the evidence-based literature review, we recommend lifestyle choices that promote maximal bone health from childhood through young to late adolescence and outline a research agenda to address current gaps in knowledge. The best evidence (grade A) is available for positive effects of calcium intake and physical activity, especially during the late childhood and peripubertal years—a critical period for bone accretion. Good evidence is also available for a role of vitamin D and dairy consumption and a detriment of DMPA injections. However, more rigorous trial data on many other lifestyle choices are needed and this need is outlined in our research agenda. Implementation strategies for lifestyle modifications to promote development of peak bone mass and strength within one’s genetic potential require a multisectored (i.e., family, schools, healthcare systems) approach.
Optical Metatronics

Metamaterial structures provide suitable platforms for unifying the concepts of electronics, photonics, and magnetics. In this tutorial, I give an overview of the fundamental concepts, recent developments, and future directions in the field of metatronics.
Valence-Only Correlation in LiH and BeH+.

The pseudonatural orbital procedure has been applied to the calculation of the potential energy curve of LiH and the dissociation energy of BeH+. Only the two-electron bonding pair is correlated and estimates of σ and π type correlation are obtained. The results for LiH are in good agreement with the most accurate previously published calculations. Comparison with experimental results for LiH indicates that the calculated dissociation energies are accurate to about 0.15 to 0.2 eV.
Evaluation of Conjoint Analysis Results: A Comparison of Methods:

Three methods for evaluating conjoint analysis results are described and compared. Each of the methods is applied to a data base that involved three separate conjoint analysis tasks for 249 respond...
Three petabytes or bust: planning science observations for NISAR

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) have formed a joint agency mission, NASA ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) to fly in the 2020 timeframe, charged with collecting Synthetic Aperture Radar data over nearly all of earth’s land and ice, to advance science in ecosystems, solid-earth and cryospheric disciplines with global time-series maps of various phenomenon. Over a three-year mission span, NISAR will collect on the order of 24 Terabits of raw radar data per day. Developing a plan to collect the data necessary for these three primary science disciplines and their sub-disciplines has been challenging in terms of overlapping geographic regions of interest, temporal requirements, competing modes of the radar instrument, and data-volume resources. One of the chief tools in building a plan of observations against these requirements has been a software tool developed at JPL, the Compressed Large-scale Scheduler Planner (CLASP). CLASP intersects the temporo-geometric visibilities of a spaceborne instrument with campaigns of temporospatial maps of scientific interest, in an iterative squeaky-wheel optimization loop. While the overarching strategy for science observations has evolved through the formulation phases of this mission, so has the use of CLASP. We’ll show how this problem space and tool has evolved over time, as well as some of the current parameter estimates for NISAR and its overall mission plan.
Forensic Interviewing for Child Sexual Abuse: Why Psychometrics Matters

It goes without saying that interviewers are human. As a consequence, they are susceptible to error. Nevertheless, because of bias blind spot (Pronin, Lin, & Ross, 2002), a phenomenon whereby most of us are keenly aware of biases in others but oblivious to the same biases in ourselves, interviewers may erroneously assume themselves to be largely immune to clinical mistakes that afflict their fellow interviewers. In light of research on bias blind spot, I offer the following bold proposition. The forensic interviewers who operate in the most scientific and ethical manner are not those who are free from error; instead, they are those who are cognizant of their propensities toward error and make tireless efforts to combat or compensate for them.
Research of the Laser Navigation System for the Intelligent Patrol Robot

Aimed at the deficiency of the navigation system of the intelligent patrol robot,the laser positioning technology was applied to the navigation of the robot,a prototype navigation system was designed,and an experimental test was made in the outdoor environment.Experiment test results show that the robot running was steady and the quality of navigation was precise.In addition,the theory of laser positioning and navigation control involved in the laser navigation system was discussed in this paper,the hardware structure and software flow chart of the navigation system were also given out.
Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis attenuates pressure-induced natriuretic responses in anesthetized dogs

Inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by intrarenal administration of nitro-L-arginine (NLA) leads to decreases in urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) in association with the increases in renal vascular resistance (RVR). In the present study, we examined the ability of the kidney to alter its sodium excretion in response to acute changes in renal arterial pressure (RAP) in anesthetized dogs before and during intrarenal infusion of NLA (50 micrograms.kg-1.min-1). NO synthesis inhibition in 11 dogs increased RVR by 32 +/- 4% and decreased renal blood flow (RBF) by 25 +/- 3%, outer cortical blood flow by 25 +/- 6%, urine flow by 37 +/- 14%, UNaV by 71 +/- 5%, and fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) by 71 +/- 4%. Glomerular filtration rate was not significantly changed during NLA infusion. As previously reported, there was suppression of the RBF autoregulation plateau during NO synthesis inhibition. In addition, there was a marked attenuation of urine flow and UNaV responses to reductions in RAP (150 to 75 mmHg), with significant reductions in the slopes of the relationships between RAP vs. UNaV and RAP vs. FENa during NLA infusion. Similar responses were observed in nine other dogs treated with the angiotensin receptor antagonist losartan, indicating that an augmented activity of the renin-angiotensin system is not responsible for attenuation of the slope of the pressure-natriuresis relationship during NLA infusion. These data suggest that NO may participate in the mediation of the pressure-natriuresis response.
Real Men/Savage Nature: The Rise of African Big Game Hunting, 1870–1914

The popular fascination with African game hunting can be dated to 1848, when a man named Roualeyn Gordon-Cumming returned to Britain after spending five years hunting in southern Africa. He brought home with him 30 tons of curios and animal trophies, and two years later he opened his collection to the public. For one shilling, visitors could view his ‘multitudinous victories over the native Lords of the forest and plain’. The exotic nature of the exhibit was heightened by the presence of Ruyter, a Khoikhoi man who had accompanied Gordon-Cumming to Britain and who explained ‘to the public the different objects’ on display.1 The show proved a tremendous success, receiving, among other accolades, the gracious approval of Prince Albert. In combination with Gordon-Cumming’s two-volume travelogue, which was reportedly ‘read with as much avidity as a romance by all sorts and conditions of man’,2 the display transformed the former soldier and hunter into an iconic figure. The press described him as ‘the African sportsman’ or, more colourfully, as ‘the lion hunter of Central Africa, in the prime of manhood’.3 After participating in the Great Exhibition in 1851, Gordon-Cumming toured Britain with his collection and finally settled in Scotland in 1858. There he opened a private museum and collected a ‘goodly toll’ from tourists travelling along the Caledonian Canal until his death in 1866.4
Mr. Boulding and the Americans

Kenneth Boulding’s Atlantic crossing on the SS Laconia en route to the University of Chicago had at least one unintended effect on his time in America. By happenstance, Professor Joseph A. Schumpeter from Harvard University was traveling on the same ship. Since the trip took nine days they became well acquainted. Boulding had a copy of his Oxford thesis, which Schumpeter took the time to read and they discussed at length. That thesis was lost at some point, which Boulding suggested was of no great loss to the profession. Schumpeter convinced Boulding to visit him at Harvard while he was in the United States. On his way to Chicago, Boulding traveled through New York and westward through Indiana. He was surprised by the forested landscape of America since his impression of the country came largely from cowboy movies.
The Right to Privacy and Personal Autonomy

It is now unreasonable, I presume, to question the existence of a constitutional right to privacy, for it is deeply embedded in a long line of decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States. But it is not too late to ask how this right is best defined, for its interpretation remains controversial and cases continue to arise to which its application is contested. One of the most difficult problems in the interpretation of the constitutional right to privacy is understanding the precise relation between privacy and autonomy. On the one side we find Professor David A. J. Richards, who defines the right to privacy in terms of autonomy.
Survey and Testing at the Proposed Dos Rios Wastewater Treatment Plant, South Bexar County, Texas. San Antonio 201 Wastewater Treatment Project

In June 1982~ the Center for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio (CAR-UTSA), conducted an archaeological survey with subsurface testing at the proposed Dos Rios Wastewater Treatment Plant (previously called the Confluence site) located in Bexar County, Texas. The survey was performed for the City of San Antonio and was conducted under the administration of a joint venture of consulting engineers, acting as the city's representatives. Two archaeological sites (41 BX 124 and 41 BX 567) were examined. No further work is recommended for 41 BX 124. However, 41 BX 567 needs further investigation to determine eligibility for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places. ABSTRACT 0 0 • • • LIST OF FIGURES ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INTRODUCTION . . ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ENVIRONMENTAL BACKGROUND SOILS AND GEOLOGY METHODOLOGY .. TESTING RESULTS SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS REFERENCES CITED . . . . . .0 0 • • • LIST OF FIGURES ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INTRODUCTION . . ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ENVIRONMENTAL BACKGROUND SOILS AND GEOLOGY METHODOLOGY .. TESTING RESULTS SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS REFERENCES CITED . . . . . . 1. Location of Project Area . 2. Map of Survey Area 3. Soil Profiles .. 4. Map of 41 BX 567 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Explosion Injuries from E-Cigarettes

This report from a single center describes 15 patients with injuries caused by explosions of e-cigarettes that occurred over a period of less than a year. Patients had a combination of flame burns, chemical burns, and blast injuries.
Chemoprevention of spontaneous ovarian cancer in the domestic hen

The hen is an attractive animal model for in vivo testing of agents that thwart ovarian carcinogenesis because ovarian cancer in the domestic hen features clinical and molecular alterations that are similar to ovarian cancer in humans, including a high incidence of p53 mutations. The objective of the study was to test the potential ovarian cancer chemopreventive effect of the p53 stabilizing compound CP-31398 on hens that spontaneously present the ovarian cancer phenotype. Beginning at 79 wk of age, 576 egg-laying hens (Gallus domesticus) were randomized to diets containing different amounts of CP-31398 for 94 wk, 5 d, comprising a control group (C) (n = 144), which was fed a diet containing 0 ppm (mg/kg) of CP-31398; a low-dose treatment (LDT) group (n = 144), which was fed a diet containing 100 ppm of CP-31398; a moderate-dose treatment (MDT) group (n = 144) which was fed a diet containing 200 ppm of CP-31398; and a high-dose treatment (HDT) group (n = 144), which was fed a diet containing 300 ppm of CP-31398. Hens were killed at 174 wk of age to determine the incidence of ovarian and oviductal adenocarcinomas. Whereas the incidence of localized and metastatic ovarian cancers in the MDT and HDT groups was significantly lower (up to 77%) compared to levels in the C and LDT groups (P < 0.05), the incidence of oviductal cancer was unaffected by CP-31398. CP-31398 appears to be an effective tool for chemoprevention against ovarian malignancies, but does not appear to affect oviductal malignancies.
International Students’ Perceptions of Race and Socio-Economic Status in an American Higher Education Landscape

International students add a great deal of cultural and intellectual diversity to college campuses, but they also bring racial stereotypes and socio-economic status hierarchies that can affect campus climate. Forty-seven interviews with Chinese, Japanese, and South Korean international students were conducted. Results indicated that a majority of students had racial and status hierarchies and harbored prejudices toward African-Americans and Southeast Asians. Perceptions of Asian-Americans were mixed. Negative perceptions of Latinos were learned in the U.S., however positive perceptions of Latinos were held by South Korean students who had lived in the U.S. longer. This status hierarchy correlated closely with a racial hierarchy. A lack of opportunities to interact with diverse students led to stereotype proliferation. More policies and programs must be created that reduce misunderstandings between international and domestic students.
Population impact of systematic underdosing of adjuvant chemotherapy in obese women

A35 Background and Objective: Obesity is associated with a higher risk of breast cancer recurrence, possibly due in part to systematic underdosing of adjuvant chemotherapy in heavy patients (Griggs et al., Arch Int Med 2005, Griggs et al, J Clin Oncol 2007, Colleoni Lancet 2005). Despite extensive literature supporting the use of full weight-based doses in overweight women, up to 40% of heavy women are given substantially reduced doses of chemotherapy. These dose reductions, not accounted for by comorbidity, age, or severity of disease, increase the risk of breast cancer relapse and death, particularly in women with estrogen receptor (ER)-negative disease (Colleoni Lancet 2005). The practice of dose reducing in obese patients has important implications for racial, ethnic, and social disparities in breast cancer outcomes given the higher prevalence of obesity and ER-negative disease among some minority groups and among women with lower socioeconomic status (SES). The purpose of this study was to estimate the population impact of unwarranted chemotherapy dose reductions. Methods: Using published studies we estimated the number of women diagnosed with breast cancer each year in the U.S., the proportion of tumors that are ER-negative, the proportion and number of obese patients receiving chemotherapy, the proportion receiving reduced chemotherapy doses, and the absolute risk reduction (ARR) of full chemotherapy dosing over reduced chemotherapy dosing. The number of recurrences not prevented (NNP) was calculated using the following formula: NNP = (Number obese patients receiving chemotherapy x Proportion receiving reduced doses)/NNTb, where the NNTb (number needed to treat to benefit one person) is equal to 1/ARR. Sensitivity analyses were performed by varying the estimates over a wide range of values. Results: Using published findings of chemotherapy dosing patterns over a wide range of the variables in the equation, we estimated that between 1,533 and 6,132 women diagnosed with breast cancer each year in the U.S. will ultimately experience a recurrence that could have been prevented with optimal, full weight-based chemotherapy dosing. As the prevalence of obesity increases, the population impact of underdosing will likewise increase. A substantial proportion of underdosed obese women are likely to be racial/ethnic minorities or of lower socioeconomic status. Conclusion: Improving the quality of chemotherapy in patients who have been advised to and have agreed to receive chemotherapy is likely to improve breast cancer outcomes at the population level. Black women, Hispanic women, and women with lower socioeconomic status may be particularly likely to benefit from efforts to improve chemotherapy quality given the higher likelihood of ER-negative disease and higher stage at presentation as well as a concentration of obesity in these populations.
TP53 Immunostaining in Double-Hit and Double-Expressing High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma

Abstract Background: Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoma, but comprises a heterogenous group. Recent studies have identified aggressive subsets of DLBCL including double-hit lymphomas (DHL, with rearrangements of both MYC and BCL2 oncogenes and often classified in a separate DLBCL/Burkitt overlap category) and double-expressing lymphomas (DEL, which overexpress both MYC and BCL2). These subsets respond poorly to standard R-CHOP chemotherapy and account for most of the mortality associated with DLBCL. While recent studies have associated TP53 protein overexpression with worse prognosis in DLBCL, the effect of TP53 aberrations on these more aggressive DLBCL subsets is still uncertain. Design: We performed a retrospective single institution analysis of a cohort of 26 DHL and a cohort of 65 R-CHOP-treated DLBCL, including 10 DEL. We recorded clinical information, treatment, and patient outcome. The DHL cases were treated with either R-CHOP or a more intensive regimen. A tissue microarray or recuts from original blocks were used for immunostains for TP53, BCL2, MYC, and cell-of-origin determination by Hans algorithm, which were scored blindly. Results: TP53 expression (>10% of tumor cells) was significantly associated with higher expression of BCL2 (p=0.02), MYC (p=0.0009), and DEL status (p=0.005) in the DLBCL group. With respect to the association of DEL with TP53 expression, 7/10 (70%) cases of DEL were TP53+ compared to 10/55 (18%) of non-DEL DLBCL. There was no association with TP53 expression and cell-of-origin. No statistically significant difference in overall or relapse free survival between TP53+ and TP53- cases was identified in either cohort. Conclusion: The findings in this small sample suggest that the relationship between TP53 staining and DLBCL outcome is more complex than previously reported, and may reflect an association of TP53 expression with DEL. The use of intensified treatment regimens (such as R-EPOCH) in the DHL cohort may abrogate any negative effects of TP53 overexpression in the TP53+ subset. Disclosures Abramson: Seattle Genetics: Consultancy; Gilead: Consultancy; Abbvie: Consultancy; Kite Pharma: Consultancy.
Tip Functionalization of Finite Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Its Impact on the Ground and Excited State Electronic Structure

We explore the effect of capping of finite (10,5) carbon nanotube (SWCNT) with various functional groups, including methylene, ether, ester, and carboxylic derivatives, having different electron withdrawing/donating properties. Using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT), we found that the sp2-hybridization of the bonding atom of the capping groups and the number of such groups plays the predominant role in eliminating optically inactive edge-localized midgap states, while withdrawing/donating properties of the functional groups are less significant. Our calculations show that two sp2-groups, like methylene derivatives, combined with hydrogens are an optimal capping scheme for (10,5) SWCNT to provide the well-opened energy gap, since sp2-groups can be placed relatively far from each other to minimize the dipole moment at the edges, while preserving conjugation of the edge according to the tube chirality. Absorption spectra demonstrate negligible effects of electron donating/withdr...
piClusterBusteR: Software For Automated Classification And Characterization Of piRNA Cluster Loci

Background: Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are sRNAs that have a distinct biogenesis and molecular function from siRNAs and miRNAs. The piRNA pathway is well-conserved and shown to play an important role in the regulatory capacity of germline cells in Metazoans. Significant subsets of piRNAs are generated from discrete genomic loci referred to as piRNA clusters. Given that the contents of piRNA clusters dictate the target specificity of primary piRNAs, and therefore the generation of secondary piRNAs, they are of great significance when considering transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation on a genomic scale. A quantitative comparison of top piRNA cluster composition can provide further insight into piRNA cluster biogenesis and function. Results: We have developed software for general use, piClusterBusteR, which performs nested annotation of piRNA cluster contents to ensure high-quality characterization, provides a quantitative representation of piRNA cluster composition by feature, and makes available annotated and unannotated piRNA cluster sequences that can be utilized for downstream analysis. The data necessary to run piClusterBusteR and the skills necessary to execute this software on any species of interest are not overly burdensome for biological researchers. piClusterBusteR has been utilized to compare the composition of top piRNA generating loci amongst 13 Metazoan species. Characterization and quantification of cluster composition allows for comparison within piRNA clusters of the same species and between piRNA clusters of different species. Conclusions: We have developed a tool that accurately, automatically, and efficiently describes the contents of piRNA clusters in any biological system that utilizes the piRNA pathway. The results from piClusterBusteR have provided an in-depth description and comparison of the architecture of top piRNA clusters within and between 13 species, as well as a description of annotated and unannotated sequences from top piRNA cluster loci in these Metazoans. piClusterBusteR is available for download on GitHub: https://github.com/pschreiner/piClusterBuster
James Rush and the Theory of Voice and Mind

The leadership of Benjamin Rush as psychiatrist and politician has received considerable attention, particularly during the recent bicentennial celebration (Carlson & Wollock, 1976). Less well known is his role as a father. This chapter focuses on one of Rush’s children, his third son, James Rush, who made significant contributions to scientific thought in the mid-nineteenth century.
Complete Ag4M2(DMSA)4 (M = Ni, Pd, Pt, DMSA = Dimercaptosuccinic Acid) Cluster Series: Optical Properties, Stability, and Structural Characterization

The cluster series Ag4M2(DMSA)4 (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) has been synthesized and the optical spectra and stability have been examined as a function of the metal, M. We have also obtained the structure of Ag4Ni2(DMSA)4 using X-ray crystallography, confirming the previously calculated structure. In the optical spectrum, there is a significant blue shift as the substituted metal M progresses down the periodic table. Theoretical calculations suggest that the blue shift is due to the lowering in energy of the d orbitals of the transition metal, M; however the expected metal–metal excitations are optically weak, and the spectra are dominated by metal–ligand excitations. The Ag4Pd2(DMSA)4 species has exceptionally high stability relative to the previously reported Ni and Pt analogues.
Expression of Rickettsia Adr2 protein in E. coli is sufficient to promote resistance to complement-mediated killing, but not adherence to mammalian cells

Bacteria exposed to host serum are subject to the antibacterial effects to the complement system. However, pathogenic microorganisms have evolved mechanisms of evading this immune attack. We have previously demonstrated that at least two R. conorii antigens, RC1281/Adr1 and OmpB β-peptide, contribute to the evasion of complement-mediated killing by binding the complement regulatory proteins vitronectin and factor H. RC1282/Adr2, a protein related to Adr1, is predicted to share similar structural features, suggesting that this protein may also contribute to evasion of complement-mediated killing. Interestingly, the R. prowazekii Adr1 and Adr2(RP828) proteins were originally found to interact with host cell surface proteins, suggesting their putative roles as adhesins in this pathogenic rickettsial species. In this study, we expressed both R. conorii and R. prowazekii Adr2 on the surface of a non-adherent, serum-sensitive strain of E. coli to examine the potential role of this protein to mediate evasion of complement-mediated killing and adherence to host cells. We demonstrate that, similar to R. conorii Adr1, R. conorii and R. prowazekii Adr2 are sufficient to mediate serum resistance and to promote interaction with the host complement regulator vitronectin. Furthermore, we demonstrate that expression of Adr2 in a non-adherent strain of E. coli is insufficient to mediate adherence to cultured mammalian endothelial cells. Together, our data demonstrate that the R. conorii and R. prowazekii Adr2 protein does not participate in the interactions with mammalian cells, but rather, participates in the evasion of killing by complement.
Translational and rotational dynamics in dense suspensions of smooth and rough colloids

We demonstrate that colloidal particles with surface roughness exhibit hindered rotational diffusion in quiescent dense suspensions. This is accomplished by the use of confocal microscopy and particle tracking to follow the translational and rotational dynamics of smooth and rough colloids suspended in a refractive index and density matched organic solvent. Measurement of the three-dimensional rotational diffusion is enabled by the addition of inert Janus tracers made of native colloids coated with a thin layer of aluminum. These experiments show that the mean square displacement (MSD) is unaffected by particle roughness, while the mean square angular displacement (MSAD) decreases for rough colloids at high volume fractions. Our results quantify the slowdown in the rotational dynamics of rough colloids, which is evidently due to steric frustration caused by the surface topography of the particles.
Nurturing Parenthood Through the UPA (2017)

Same-sex couples now have the right to marry throughout the country. Douglas NeJaime’s insightful article carefully explains how LGBT parent-families remain vulnerable despite this important development. NeJaime demonstrates that while the law recognizes nonbiological parentage, it does so in asymmetrical ways that “reflect[] and perpetuate[] inequality based on gender and sexual orientation.” These asymmetries harm the adults and the children in these families, and violate core constitutional mandates. This Response shows how the recently approved revisions to the Uniform Parentage Act (UPA)—UPA (2017)—address many of the critical gaps in parentage law identified by NeJaime. The UPA (2017) expands the ways in which a nonbiological parent may establish her or his parentage. The Act carries over the longstanding holding-out provision, but revises it so that it applies equally to men and women. The UPA (2017) also adds a new provision on de facto parents, under which someone who has been acting as a parent can legally establish his or her parentage, and expands the classes of people who can establish parentage through the voluntary acknowledgment process. The Act also updates the assisted reproductive technology (ART) provisions to permit individuals of any gender to establish their parentage based on proper consent to the ART procedure. In addition, the UPA (2017) removes many gender-based distinctions that long have shaped parentage law. In so doing, the UPA (2017) helps states bring their parentage statutes into compliance with the Supreme Court’s decisions in Obergefell v. Hodges, Pavan v. Smith, and Sessions v. Morales-Santana. These Supreme Court decisions make clear that family law provisions that discriminate on the basis of gender or sexual orientation may be constitutionally suspect. By adopting the UPA (2017) and making these changes, states can reform parentage law to more evenhandedly protect all parent-child relationships.
Vibrational relaxation of a molecule in strong interaction with a reservoir: Nonmonotonic temperature dependence

Abstract This theoretical study of the vibrational relaxation of a molecule in interaction with a reservoir uncovers a noteworthy temperature (T) dependence of the time evolution of the relaxation. Its rate increases with T in one interval but decreases in another. The feature arises not for a weak molecule-reservoir interaction but only for coupling strong enough to require polaronic dressing transformations. Our treatment, based on a recent generalization of the well-known Montroll–Shuler equation for relaxation and an explicit calculation of bath correlations from the microscopically specified Hamiltonian, could provide an alternative explanation of an “inverted” T-dependence of relaxation in an experimental report by Fayer and collaborators on W(CO)6 dissolved in CHCl3.
The Sistah Network: Enhancing the Educational and Social Experiences of Black Women in the Academy

The purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences of women in the Sistah Network, an affinity group at a predominantly White institution, with mentoring goals to enhance the educational ...
Introduction: Depth Psychology and Mystical Phenomena—The Challenge of the Numinous

The essays in this volume continue in the trajectory established at the turn of the nineteenth century when the “new science” of psychology and professional interest in esoteric and “occult” phenomena converged and led to what Ellenberger refers to as the “discovery of the unconscious.” These essays span the interdisciplinary fields of theology, religious studies, and psychology “and/of/in dialogue with” religion with a specific focus on inquiries into the nature of self and consciousness, questions of “mysticism” and “mystical experience,” and approaches to these areas from within a variety of depth psychological hermeneutic “keys.” While a number of these topics have been approached in the past in various capacities and from varying psychological perspectives, this volume’s unique contribution lies within the specifically depth psychological nature of the inquiry and, even more so, with its often underlying Jungian orientation. This move was only of partial intent on the part of the editors, but should be noted as marking what has now become a rare collaboration among scholars of religion and depth psychologists of a more analytical/Jungian “flavor.”
Cervical cancer screening among incarcerated women.

Background Women with a history of incarceration bear a disproportionate burden of cervical disease and have special characteristics that affect their intent and/or ability to adhere to cervical screening and follow-up recommendations. The goal of this study was to identify factors associated with cervical cancer screening and screening outcomes among incarcerated women. Methods We applied a framework of predisposing factors, enabling factors and population-specific characteristics that could impact screening behaviors and outcomes for this population. We used bivariate chi-square tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests to analyze data previously collected from 290 incarcerated women. Results Cervical cancer screening belief score, as a predisposing factor, was associated with women who had an up-to-date Pap test and who had a cervical cancer diagnosis ever in their life. Both a sexual history containing high-risk behaviors and a history of abuse, population-specific factors, were each associated with having had an abnormal pap; mental health, incarceration, and substance use histories were each associated with having a diagnosis of cervical cancer. Conclusions The significant differences in outcomes for these population-specific factors suggest the need for a health services approach that addresses the challenges to the cervical cancer preventive health needs of incarcerated women. Implications for practice Providers working with vulnerable populations such as women who have been incarcerated should be aware that their risk histories have an influence on their follow-up behaviors. These women will need extra support for cervical cancer screening and follow-up care.
Criteria for the Involvement of Adenosine in the Regulation of Blood Flow

Any agent that is proposed as a mediator of the local regulation of blood flow must meet certain criteria, and it is the aim of this chapter to set forth these criteria and indicate to what extent adenosine fulfills them in different vascular beds.
High-throughput transmission electron microscopy with automated serial sectioning

Abstract Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is an essential tool for studying cells and molecules. We present a tape-based, reel-to-reel pipeline that combines automated serial sectioning with automated high-throughput TEM imaging. This acquisition platform provides nanometer-resolution imaging at fast rates for a fraction of the cost of alternative approaches. We demonstrate the utility of this imaging platform for generating datasets of biological tissues with a focus on examining brain circuits.
Design and Construction of an Electric Motorcycle

Engineering students at James Madison University are creating an all-electric motorcycle as part of a two-year capstone design project. The final product will be an educational system that promotes access to the electric powertrain (consisting of tractive battery pack, battery management system (BMS), motor controller, and motor). This paper focuses on development of system performance parameters, design of major components including chassis and battery pack/BMS enclosure, and signal interactions between powertrain components. Previous iterations of electric motorcycle conversions developed at JMU were constrained by the donor chassis which were designed for support of internal combustion engines. Although teams worked to optimize the fitment of powertrain components within existing frame members, compromises were necessary. Other limitations of previous iterations include battery pack discharge rates and delicate battery management systems. Although electric motorcycles are commercially available, their powertrain components are generally proprietary and inaccessible (not available for hacking or other educationally appropriate activities). The current iteration was developed to address these limitations. Results include benchmarking results, estimation of performance, and physical iterations of design choices. The final iteration of the modular battery pack, designed for student interaction, consists of seven sub-pack modules with visible and intuitive wire routing. The completed powertrain is designed to favor accessibility of components as well as optimize available space within the frame while closely matching the center of gravity and suspension as well as steering capabilities of the donor motorcycle.
Optimizing Logarithmic Decrement Damping Estimation via Uncertainty Analysis

The logarithmic decrement method is perhaps the most common technique for estimating the damping ratio of linear systems with viscous damping. The approach directly relates the damping ratio to two samples collected from peaks of a recorded free oscillation. These peaks are separated by one or more oscillation periods and are inherently influenced by experimental uncertainty. Literature on the method indicates that improved estimates are sometimes obtained with more periods between samples. However, it is unknown when improvements can be expected for a given data set because there is a trade-off between the chosen number of periods and measurement noise. A guideline for selecting the number of periods which minimizes uncertainty in estimated damping is desired.
Modulation of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity enhances doxorubicin-induced apoptosis, tumour cell killing and hydroxyl radical production in human NCI/ADR-RES cancer cells despite high-level P-glycoprotein expression.

To define the role of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in modulating the oxygen radical-related cytotoxicity of doxorubicin and H2O2 in cells that overexpress P-glycoprotein (Pgp), the GPx activity of ...
Patients report more severe daily limitations than recognized by their physicians

BACKGROUND Patient limitations guide selection of heart failure therapies, for which indications often specify New York Heart Association Class. OBJECTIVES To determine the extent of patient-reported limitations during daily activities and compare to New York Heart Association class assigned by providers during the same visit, and to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) group. METHODS AND RESULTS While waiting for their appointment, 948 patients on return visits to an ambulatory HF clinic completed a written questionnaire assessing specific activity limitations, which were compared to physician-assigned NYHA class during the same visit. Patient-reported limitation to perform daily activity ranged from 25% for bathing to 61% for yardwork or housework and 71% for jogging or hurrying. Most patients who did not report limitations to perform daily life activities were correctly classified as NYHA I by the physicians (76%), but 12% of the 376 patients classified as NYHA I reported limitations to showering or bathing and 73% reported limitations while doing yardwork or house work. Limitation to walking was reported by 172 patients (50%) classified as class II. Limitations to walking one block were most common in patients with LVEF ≥40% compared to patients with LVEF <40%, and least commonly, in HF with better EF (improved from 31 ± 13 to 52 ± 7). CONCLUSIONS Activity limitations are commonly reported by ambulatory HF patients, but underestimated by physicians. It is not clear how this should guide therapy validated for NYHA class but focused activity questions may merit wider use to track limitations and improvement in ambulatory HF.
The Effect of Community-Based Therapeutic Boxing on the Speech, Social Interaction Skills, and Mental Health of Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease

Date Presented 04/05/19 Primary Author and Speaker: Rachel Meinert Additional Authors and Speakers: Beth Hatkevich
From mistakes, we learn: teachers` positional framing toward errors in mathematical classrooms

The productive status of errors is discussed in Mexico and the US mathematics education reforms. However, teachers’ positionings toward mistakes may or may not converge with this productive status. For that reason, reflecting on teachers’ positioning during the teaching and learning process is crucial (Stooksberry et al., 2009). This study examines teachers’ positional framing during teacher and students’ moment-to-moment interaction in the context of errors occurring in the classroom. Findings reveled two opposite error frames that teachers used to address errors in their classrooms. One of these frames provided student support for using errors as tools for their learning. On the contrary, the other provided an idea of student incapacity to cope with errors.
The Impact of Laser Frequency Noise on High-Extinction Optical Modulators

We discuss the effects of laser frequency noise on the extinction ratio of typical integrated filters and amplitude modulators. It is shown that, even for spectrally-pure lasers, this noise inhibits realization of high extinction ratios.
Nickel-catalyzed insertions of vinylidenes into Si–H bonds

A nickel-catalyzed reductive cyclization of 1,1-dichloroalkenyl silanes is reported. The products of this reaction are unsaturated five- or six-membered silacycles. Intermolecular variants are also described, providing access to trisubstituted vinyl silanes that are not accessible by alkyne hydrosilylation or sila-Heck-type processes. A variety of silanes can be utilized, including those that serve as nucleophilic partners in Hiyama cross-coupling reactions. Mechanistic studies using deuterium-labelled silanes are described.
Encouraging Compliance with Quarantine: A Proposal to Provide Job Security and Income Replacement

A human influenza virus is considered the most likely source of a andemic in the near future. Quarantine has the potential to be the most effective measure for limiting the spread of infection. The major obstacles to compliance for those asked to enter quarantine include loss of income during quarantine and loss of employment after quarantine. We discuss current antidiscrimination and compensation laws, as well as options to expand coverage for quarantined individuals to encourage public cooperation by guaranteeing job security and providing income replacement.
Role of immunotherapy in gastro-enteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (gep-nens): Current advances and future directions.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are heterogeneous tumours originating from neuroendocrine cells (Pearse & Polak, Gut, 1971, 12,783). They were once considered as rare tumours, although their annual incidence has increased significantly and now exceeds seven cases in 100 000 in the USA (Dasari, et al., JAMA oncology, 2017, 3, 1335). They are a group of highly diverse neoplasms and can be classified into the spectrum of well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours to poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas. This is entirely based on the tumour differentiation and grade (low, intermediate, high), which is determined by the Ki-67/mitotic index. The lower grades (G1/2) of the well-differentiated group are characterised by a relative indolent clinical course and the ability to secrete a variety of peptide hormones (Kloppel, Visceral medicine, 2017, 33, 324). Higher grades and poorly differentiated tumours tend to be more aggressive and have limited therapeutic options (Sorbye et al., Neuroendocrinology, 2019, 108, 54). In the modern era of immuno-oncology, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) that target programmed cell death 1 (pembrolizumab, nivolumab), programmed cell death-ligand1 (avelumab, atezolizumab and durvalumab) or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (ipilimumab) have revolutionised the management of many solid tumours. In patients with gastro-enteropancreatic (GEP)-NENs, there is a limited data regarding the role of ICPIs either as a single agent or in combination regimens. Here, we review the current advances for ICPIs and where they fit in the management of GEP-NENs.