cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Physical activity for an ethnically diverse sample of endometrial cancer survivors: a needs assessment and pilot intervention

Objective: To determine the physical activity (PA) behavior, needs and preferences for underserved, ethnically diverse women with a history of endometrial cancer (EC). Methods: Women with a history of EC (41 non-Hispanic black, 40 non-Hispanic white, and 18 Hispanic) completed a needs assessment during their regular follow-up appointments at Montefiore Medical Center in Bronx, NY, USA. An 8-week pilot PA intervention based on the results of the needs assessment was conducted with 5 EC survivors. Results: Mean body mass index (BMI) among the 99 respondents was 34.1±7.6 kg/m 2 , and 66% did not exercise regularly. Selfdescribed weight status was significantly lower than actual BMI category (p<0.001). Of the 86% who were interested in joining an exercise program, 95% were willing to attend at least once weekly. The primary motivations were improving health, losing weight, and feeling better physically. Despite the high interest in participation, volunteer rate was very low (8%). However, adherence to the 8-week pilot PA intervention was high (83%), and there were no adverse events. Body weight decreased in all pilot participants. Conclusion: These data show that ethnically diverse EC survivors have a great need for, and are highly interested in, PA interventions. However, greater care needs to be taken to assess and identify barriers to increase participation in such programs.
Inhalability for aerosols at ultra-low windspeeds

Most previous experimental studies of aerosol inhalability were conducted in wind tunnels for windspeeds greater than 0.5 ms-1. While that body of work was used to establish a convention for the inhalable fraction, results from studies in calm air chambers (for essentially zero windspeed) are being discussed as the basis of a modified criterion. However, information is lacking for windspeeds in the intermediate range, which - it so happens - pertain to most actual workplaces. With this in mind, we have developed a new experimental system to assess inhalability - and, ultimately, personal sampler performance - for aerosols with particle aerodynamic diameter within the range from about 9 to 90 μm for ultra-low windspeed environments from about 0.1 to 0.5 ms1. This new system contains an aerosol test facility, fully described elsewhere, that combines the physical attributes and performance characteristics of moving air wind tunnels and calm air chambers, both of which have featured individually in previous research. It also contains a specially-designed breathing, heated, life-sized mannequin that allows for accurate recovery of test particulate material that has been inhaled. Procedures have been developed that employ test aerosols of well-defined particle size distribution generated mechanically from narrowly-graded powders of fused alumina. Using this new system, we have conducted an extensive set of new experiments to measure the inhalability of a human subject (as represented by the mannequin), aimed at filling the current knowledge gap for conditions that are more realistic than those embodied in most previous research. These data reveal that inhalability throughout the range of interest is significantly different based on windspeed, indicating a rise in aspiration efficiency as windspeed decreases. Breathing flowrate and mode of breathing (i.e. nose versus mouth breathing) did not show significant differences for the inhalability of aerosols. On the whole however, the data obtained here are within the range of inhalability data that exist from the large body of the previous experimental work performed at the higher windspeeds. These latest findings are an important contribution to the ongoing discussion in international standards-setting bodies about the possible adjustment of the quantitative definition of what constitutes the inhalable fraction.
Ball array calibration on a coordinate measuring machine using a gage block

Abstract The distances between the balls of a ball array used in machine geometry calibration have to be very accurate. These distances can be calibrated using a laser measurement system, which requires specially designed optical devices and measuring probes. In this paper, a new and economical alternative method for calibrating the ball array is described. A single gage block is used for measuring the standard distance at the starting position. Then, the exact distances between the balls can be obtained by using the coordinate measuring machine (CMM) probe motion. This method does not depend on the accuracy of the CMM. Also, this method does not require expensive instruments or devices, but a CMM and a gage block. A simple “parallel-plane” bracket, mounted on to the measuring end of a CMM probe, is used to determine the centers of the balls automatically and accurately.
Dilithium 1,2,5-thia-diazo-lidine-3,4-dione 1,1-dioxide dihydrate.

The title compound, poly[μ-aqua-aqua-μ6-(1,1-dioxo-1λ6,2,5-thia­diazo­lidine-3,4-diolato)-dilithium], [Li2(C2N2O4S)(H2O)2]n or (H2O)2:Li2TDD, forms an infinite three-dimensional structure containing five-coordinate (Li/5) and six-coordinate (Li/6) Li+ cations. Li/5 is coordinated by three water mol­ecules, one carbonyl O atom and one sulfuryl O atom while Li/6 is coordinated by one water mol­ecule, three carbonyl O atoms, and two sulfuryl O atoms. Each water mol­ecule bridges two Li+ cations, while also hydrogen bonding to either one endocyclic N atom and one sulfuryl O atom or two endocyclic N atoms. While the endocyclic N atoms in the anion do not coordinate the Li+ cations, the carbonyl and sulfuryl groups each coordinate three Li+ cations, which gives rise to the infinite three-dimensional structure.
Affectivity in Relation to Breathing and Gross Bodily Movement

Resume On a fait une etude des sentiments et des emotions eprouves par des sujets en regardant nombre de tableaux. On a obtenu des mesures du temps latent et de la duree des emotions, et de la quantite de la respiration et du mouvement global du corps qui a eu lieu quand les emotions ont ete presentes. On a mesure le mouvement global du corps au moyen d'une chaise specialement construite jointe a un appareil enregistreur, et on a mesure la quantite totale de respiration par le nombre de contacts electriques faits par un appareil de ceinture pendant un intervalle donne de temps. On s'est servi de 32 sujets, et la periode experimentale pour chaque sujet a dure deux heures. Les resultats quantitatifs du temps latent, de la duree, de la respiration, et du mouvement ont ete convertis en resultats 10-percentiles sur la base des resultats pour chaque sujet. Un resultat de 10, par exemple, indique que la mesure a ete dans le 10 pour cent le plus eleve des resultats de temps, de duree, de respiration, ou de mouvem...
Phospholipase A2 electrophoretic variants and their detection after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

Abstract A method has been developed for the detection of phospholipase A2 activity following electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. A suspension of lecithin trapped in the gel matrix is used as the substrate. Enzyme activity is detected by using rhodamine 6G to stain for unsaturated free fatty acids released by enzyme action (a colorimetric assay) and/or to promote clearing of the lecithin suspension (turbidimetric assay). The procedure is readily capable of detecting 0.01 unit of enzyme activity. No staining is observed in the absence of free calcium ions. The method has been used to determine the composition of electrophoretic variants in phospholipase A2 preparations from mammalian, reptilian, and insect sources. Because different patterns of phospholipase A2 electrophoretic variants were observed in the venoms of snakes of different families, the method also has potential use in blochemical taxonomy.
Sequence analysis of 28S ribosomal DNA from the amphibian Xenopus laevis

Abstract We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of Xenopus laevis 28S rDNA (4110 bp). In order to locate evolutionarily conserved regions within rDNA, we compared the Xenopus 28S sequence to homologous rDNA sequences from yeast, Physarum, and E. coli. Numerous regions of sequence homology are dispersed throughout the entire length of rDNA from all four organisms. These conserved regions have a higher A + T base composition than the remainder of the rDNA. The Xenopus 28S rDNA has nine major areas of sequence inserted when compared to E. coli 23S rDNA. The total base composition of these inserts in Xenopus is 83% G + C, and is generally responsible for the high (66%) G + C content of Xenopus 28S rDNA as a whole. Although the length of the inserted sequences varies, the inserts are found in the same relative positions in yeast 26S, Physarum 26S, and Xenopus 28S rDNAs. In one insert there are 25 bases completely conserved between the various eukaryotes, suggesting that this area is important for eukaryotic ribosomes. The other inserts differ in sequence between species and may or may not play a functional role.
Topologically Characterized Movement Patterns: A Cognitive Assessment

Abstract In this paper, we discuss the role of topology as a predictor for the conceptualization of dynamically changing spatial configurations (referred to as movement patterns). We define meaningful units of movement patterns as paths through a topologically defined conceptual neighborhood graph. Topology plays a central role in formal approaches to human cognition and in predicting cognitive similarity ratings—although primarily for static spatial configurations. Formal specifications of the role of topology for characterizing movement patterns do exist, yet there is paucity of behavioral validation. To bridge this gap, we conducted an experiment based on the grouping paradigm to assess factors that underlie conceptualizations of movement patterns. The experiment was designed such that paths through the conceptual neighborhood graph were distinguished by topologically differentiated ending relations. We believe topology can make an important contribution in explaining movement conceptualizations. One r...
Consideration in Quality and Safety for Pelvic Floor Interventions

Pelvic floor disorders affect millions of women nationwide and many women access the healthcare system to seek treatment for these disorders to improve their quality of life. Quality improvement is defined as the combined and unceasing efforts of healthcare professionals, patients and their families, researchers, payers, planners and educators to make the changes that will lead to better patient outcomes, professional development and health care delivery. The problems related to transvaginal mesh emphasize the importance of quality and safety in the field of female pelvic medicine and reconstruction. In the future, medical societies will likely increase the production of treatment guidelines for disease processes and certifying medical boards will continue to strengthen the certification and maintenance of certifications processes in order to maintain competency and improve the quality and safety of medical care delivered.
Instability of pectin in neutral solutions

Pectin is usually thought to be stable in acid, whereas its instability in alkali has been known for some time (Kertesz, 1951). It has now been found, however, that pectin solutions are extremely sensitive to elevated temperatures j.n neutral and weakly acidic solutions. Under such conditions the pectin breaks down to lower molecular weight products. The instability of pectin at natural pH levels suggests that over extended periods of time it may lose part of its ability to strengthen the cell wall.
Effects of the Future Problem Solving Program on Children's Concerns about the Future.

The first purpose of this study was to determine whether gifted students participating in the Future Problem Solving Program would feel that they had more control over their futures than either oth...
Resolving power of a multisphere neutron spectrometer

The resolving power of a multisphere neutron spectrometer is determined using the approach of Backus and Gilbert.
Polyurethane with Tethered Copper(II)-Cyclen Complex: Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Generation of Nitric Oxide from S-Nitrosothiols

The preparation and characterization of a commercial biomedical grade polyurethane (Tecophilic, SP-93A-100) material possessing covalently linked copper(II)-cyclen moieties as a nitric oxide (NO) generating polymer are described. Chemiluminescence NO measurements demonstrate that the prepared polymer can decompose endogenous S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) such as S-nitrosoglutathione and S-nitrosocysteine to NO in the presence of thiol reducing agents (RSHs; e.g., glutathione and cysteine) at physiological pH. Since such RSNO and RSH already exist in blood, the proposed polymer is capable of spontaneously generating NO when in contact with fresh blood. This is demonstrated by utilizing the polymer as an outer coating at the distal end of an amperometric NO sensor to create a device that generates response toward the RSNO species in the blood. This polymer possesses the combined benefits of a commercial biomedical grade polyurethane with the ability to generate biologically active NO when on contact with blood, and thus may serve as a useful coating to improve the hemocompatibility of various medical devices.
Relative Effectiveness of Osteoporosis Drugs for Preventing Nonvertebral Fracture

Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, resulting in reduced bone strength and increased fracture risk (1, 2). Approved therapies for osteoporosis include bisphosphonates, calcitonin, raloxifene, and teriparatide. Findings from randomized, controlled, head-to-head trials show that women who received alendronate have greater gains in bone mineral density and greater reductions in bone turnover markers within 12 and 24 months of initiation than those who received risedronate (3, 4) or raloxifene (5–7). Although bone mineral density is a strong predictor of fracture (8), differences in these surrogate markers may not translate into appreciable differences in fracture risk (9 –11). Results from observational studies suggest that risedronate may reduce the risk for nonvertebral fracture (clavicle, hip, humerus, leg, pelvis, and wrist) within 12 months more effectively than alendronate or nasal calcitonin (12, 13). To our knowledge, no studies have compared the relative effectiveness of raloxifene versus bisphosphonates or calcitonin in reducing fracture risk. Further comparative effectiveness studies may help to clarify the relative effectiveness of osteoporosis treatments (14). We completed a population-based study of new recipients of oral bisphosphonates (alendronate or risedronate), nasal calcitonin, and raloxifene to compare the relative effectiveness of these agents in reducing nonvertebral fracture risk.
Protective effects of selenium against methylmercury neurotoxicity: a morphological and biochemical study

The protective effect of selenium (as sodium selenite) against methylmercury neurotoxicity was investigated morphologically and biochemically. Young adult Charles River rats were divided into 4 groups and were treated (i. p. injection) with methylmercury chloride (2 mg MeHg/kg b.w.), sodium selenite (2 mg Se/kg b.w.), both MeHg and Se, or with saline solution for 8 weeks. Four animals from each group were randomly selected for pathological investigation. These animals were sacrificed by intracardiac perfusion. The dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were dissected out for both light and electron microscopic examination. Six animals from each group were injected with 14 C-leucine 3 hours prior to sacrifice. The brains (cerebrum and cerebellum) of these animals were removed, weighed, homogenized and subjected to liquid scintillation analysis. Morphological investigation revealed extensive degenerations of the dorsal root fibers and destructions of neuronal Nissl substances in animals treated with MeHg alone. In MeHg/Se-treated animals, no neuronal change was observed and the nerve fiber damage was also significantly reduced. Proliferative thickenings of the myelin membrane, however, were observed in some dorsal root fibers. These proliferative membrane thickenings tend to protrude into the axonal compartment of the nerve fibers causing compression and shrinkage of the axons. It is believed that this proliferative, membraneous whirling phenomenon may represent a simultaneous destruction/repair condition of the myelin sheaths. Biochemical investigation also demonstrated a significant suppression of amino acid uptake (protein synthesis) in the CNS under the toxic influence of MeHg. However, such suppression effect was largely blocked or alleviated by selenium. Therefore, we have provided both morphological and biochemical evidences on the protective effect of selenium on methylmercury neurotoxicity.
Simple methods for recording intracardiac electrocardiograms and phonocardiograms during left on right heart catheterization

Abstract Two new techniques are presented for use in routine cardiac catheterization or in special studies on the heart. 1. 1. Intracardiac electrocardiography is done by using a column of 5 per cent saline solution with 10 per cent heparin within the catheter as an “exploring” electrode. The “chest” wire is connected with a metal outlet of the strain gauge. 2. 2. Intracardiac phonocardiography is done by using the column of normal saline or glucose solution within the catheter as the carrier of sound waves. The electric output of the strain gauge is differentiated, amplified, and filtered, and is recorded by a phonocardiograph. Application of these methods is simple and can be used routinely in animal or human catheterization, both in the right and left heart.
Stereochemistry and mechanism of a microbial phenylalanine aminomutase.

The stereochemistry of a phenylalanine aminomutase (PAM) on the andrimid biosynthetic pathway in Pantoea agglomerans (Pa) is reported. PaPAM is a member of the 4-methylidene-1H-imidazol-5(4H)-one (MIO)-dependent family of catalysts and isomerizes (2S)-α-phenylalanine to (3S)-β-phenylalanine, which is the enantiomer of the product made by the mechanistically similar aminomutase TcPAM from Taxus plants. The NH2 and pro-(3S) hydrogen groups at Cα and Cβ, respectively, of the substrate are removed and interchanged completely intramolecularly with inversion of configuration at the migration centers to form β-phenylalanine. This is a contrast to the retention of configuration mechanism followed by TcPAM.
Migrant well-being is a multilevel, dynamic, value dependent phenomenon

Research demonstrates that the well-being of migrants is a multilevel, dynamic, and value dependent phenomenon. It is multilevel because risk and protective factors are present at various ecological planes, from the individual to the social sphere. It is dynamic because objective and subjective risk and protective factors interact across ecological levels, creating favorable or unfavorable conditions for migrants to adjust to the new surroundings. Finally, it is value dependent because access to resources is conditioned by norms of justice prevalent in the host society. Findings from this special section on acculturation are combined with previous literature to support the three claims advanced in this article.
Semantic image retrieval through human subject segmentation and characterization

Video databases can be searched for visual content by searching over automatically extracted key frames rather than the complete video sequence. Many video materials used in the humanities and social sciences contain a preponderance of shots of people. In this paper, we describe our work in semantic image retrieval of person-rich scenes (key frames) for video databases and libraries. We use an approach called retrieval through segmentation. A key-frame image is first segmented into human subjects and background. We developed a specialized segmentation technique that utilizes both human flesh-tone detection and contour analysis. Experimental results show that this technique can effectively segment images in a low time complexity. Once the image has been segmented, we can then extract features or pose queries about both the people and the background. We propose a retrieval framework that is based on the segmentation results and the extracted features of people and background.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A tripod hexaketone as a ligand for manganese

Abstract The synthesis of 10-(nona-6,8-dionyl)-2,4,16,18-nonadecatetraone and 11-(deca-7,9-dionyl)-2,4,18,20-uncosatetraone is described. The former hexaketone was found to form a very stable manganese (III) chelate, which upon reduction was found to be kinetically inert toward ligand substitution unlike virtually all manganese II complexes.
Design considerations for supersonic micronozzles

The next-generation of small satellites ('nanosats') will feature masses <10 kg and require miniaturised propulsion systems capable of providing extremely low levels of thrust. The emergence of viscous, thermal and/or rarefaction effects on the micro-scale can significantly impact the flow behaviour in supersonic micronozzles resulting in performance characteristics which differ substantially from traditional macro-scale nozzle designs. In this paper, we provide an overview of key findings obtained from computational studies of supersonic micronozzle flow and discuss the implications for future micro-scale nozzle design and optimisation.
Chronocoulometric determination of nitrate on silver electrode and sodium hydroxide electrolyte

An electrochemical system that consists of a silver electrode in 0.01 M sodium hydroxide electrolyte was investigated in an effort to develop a sensitive in situ analytical method for nitrate. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrated that the proposed system has a high normalized sensitivity (2.47 A s(1/2) V(-1/2) M(-1) cm(-2)), compared to more complex electroanalytical schemes. Double-potential-step chronocoulometry was used to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and minimize interference from dissolved oxygen in the electrolyte. The integration period for double-potential-step chronocoulometry was determined by optimizing the extended Cottrell equation. The integrated current is proportional to nitrate up to 10 mM and the average detection limit is approximately 1.7 microM. Dissolved oxygen does not degrade performance. To examine the potential interference of other ions when analyzing nitrate, we measured the electrode response to 1000 microM each of NO(2-), Cl(-), PO(4)(3-), SO(4)(2-), F(-), CO(3)(2-), BO(2-), K(+), Ca(2+), and Sr(2+) with and without 1000 microM nitrate. Interference is negligible for most of the ions when nitrate is absent (i.e. 20% increase or decrease in the electrode response to nitrate) for PO(4)(3-), Ca(2+), and Sr(2+) when equimolar nitrate is present.
Social Skills of Persons with Self-Defeating Personality:

55 undergraduate men and 55 women took Schill's 1990 Self-defeating Personality Scale and Lorr, Youniss, and Stefic's (1991) multidimensional Social Relations Survey. As expected, persons who endorsed more self-defeating characteristics scored lower on scales which make up the Social Skills or Assertiveness Factor. However, these scores did not have significant correlations with the Empathy or Social Approval Need Scales; two of the three scales which make up the Empathy Factor. The results were discussed in terms of prior work relating deficits in social skills to dysfunctional early parenting
The Role of Alternative Medicine in Rhinology

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) includes treatments from traditional Chinese medicine, homeopathy, naturopathy, herbal medicine, Ayurvedic medicine, mind-body medicine, chiropractic or osteopathic manipulations, and massage. More than 40% of patients in the United States use CAM, with 17% of CAM use related to otolaryngology diagnoses, but nearly half of CAM users do not communicate their use of these medications to their physicians. Perioperative risk of bleeding is a particular concern in surgical specialties, and knowledge of these therapies and their potential adverse effects is critical.
Thermal Conductivity of Heavily Doped p -Type InSb at Liquid-Helium Temperatures

The lattice thermal conductivity ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{g}$ of three heavily doped (${10}^{18}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$) $p$-type samples of InSb has been determined in the temperature range 1.3-4.2 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} K. The data are fitted to a phenomenological model including boundary scattering, Rayleigh scattering due to impurities and isotopes, and the scattering of phonons by charge carriers. That the charge carriers are a significant source of scattering is indicated by a general ${T}^{2}$ behavior at the lowest temperatures and by a rapid increase in ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{g}$ at the higher temperatures because of phonons which have wave-propagation vectors larger than the diameter of the Fermi surface, and which therefore cannot be scattered by charge carriers. A probable screening in the carrier-phonon interaction is apparent from the lowest-temperature behavior of ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{g}$. In general, a good fit is made using the theories of charge-carrier-phonon interactions developed for the treatment of ultrasonic attenuation.
Histopathology in the Malpighian tubules of Dichroplus elongatus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) infected with Perezia dichroplusae (Microspora: Pereziidae)

Abstract Malpighian tubules of the grasshopper Dichroplus elongatus heavily infected by Perezia dichroplusae were hypertrophied, pale in color, and exhibited reduced peristaltic contractions, and contortive movements. Hypertrophy resulted from the accumulation of parasites in the wall of the tubule and the loss of normal color was caused by the transparency of the tubule's basement membrane. Reduced peristaltic and contortive activity possibly was due to the inability of the muscles, which were not affected directly by the microsporidium, to move the heavily infected tubules. Ultrastructurally, infected cells exhibited cytoplasmic vacuolization, disruption of infoldings, fewer mitochondria, and an absence of secretory granules.
Organic geochemical perspectives on estuarine processes: sorption reactions and consequences

Abstract The conventional paradigm for conceptualizing the behavior of bioactive materials in estuarine systems has been to think of dissolved and particulate organic matter as separate entities that do not readily interconvert or associate with minerals. However, many organic molecules are extensively, and to some extent reversibly, associated with mineral surfaces in rivers and estuaries. The realization that some organic molecules may actively partition between dissolved form and the surfaces of minerals has great geochemical implications for many natural environments. This brief review touches on some possible ramifications of organic–mineral interactions for estuaries, using the well-studied Amazon River/Estuary system as an example.
Focus on science education

That the quality of precollege science and mathematics education in this country is sagging is not news. What is noteworthy, though, is that the science community is sizing up the dilemma and beginning to take official action. Last month, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) hosted a National Convocation on Precollege Education in Mathematics and Science, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and its affiliate societies met to form a coalition of affiliate societies on science and mathematics education. In addition, in mid-April the National Science Board, the policy-making arm of the National Science Foundation (NSF), announced the establishment of a new Commission on Precollege Education in Mathematics, Science, and Technology.
Cost/Performance Tradeoffs for Reflectors Used in Solar Concentrating Dish Systems

Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) dish systems use a parabolic dish to concentrate sunlight, providing heat for a thermodynamic cycle to generate shaft power and ultimately, electricity. Currently, leading contenders use a Stirling cycle engine with a heat absorber surface at about 800°C. The concentrated light passes through an aperture, which controls the thermal losses of the receiver system. Similar systems may use the concentrated light to heat a thermochemical process. The concentrator system, typically steel and glass, provides a source of fuel over the service life of the system, but this source of fuel manifests as a capital cost up front. Therefore, it is imperative that the cost of the reflector assembly is minimized. However, dish systems typically concentrate light to a peak of as much as 13,000 suns, with an average geometric concentration ratio of over 3000 suns. Several recent dish-Stirling systems have incorporated reflector facets with a normally-distributed surface slope error (local distributed waviness) of 0.8 mrad RMS (1-sigma error). As systems move toward commercialization, the cost of these highly accurate facets must be assessed. However, when considering lower-cost options, any decrease in the performance of the facets must be considered in the evaluation of such facets. In this paper, I investigate the impact of randomly-distributed slope errors on the performance, and therefore the value, of a typical dish-Stirling system. There are many potential sources of error in a concentrating system. When considering facet options, the surface waviness, characterized as a normally-distributed slope error, has the greatest impact on the aperture size and therefore the thermal losses. I develop an optical model and a thermal model for the performance of a baseline system. I then analyze the impact on system performance for a range of mirror quality, and evaluate the impact of such performance changes on the economic value of the system. This approach can be used to guide the evaluation of low-cost facets that differ in performance and cost. The methodology and results are applicable to other point- and line-focus thermal systems including dish-Brayton, dish-Thermochemical, tower systems, and troughs.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Interfacial Segregation in Perovskites: II, Experimental Evidence

Experimental evidence determined by scanning transmission electron microscopy, scanning Auger electron spectroscopy, and lattice parameter measurements is reported for interfacial segregation in pure and doped perovskite materials, e.g., BaTiO3 and SrTiO3. The segregation behavior for isovalent dopants (e.g., Sr2+, Ca2+, or Pb2+ at a Ba2+ site) is mainly associated with a strain energy contribution from ionic misfit. However, both strain energy and space charge contributions are important in determining the segregation behavior of aliovalent ions (e.g., La3+ or Nd3+ at a Ba2+ site and Fe3+ or Ni3+ at a Ti4+ site). Segregation depths for aliovlent dopants are typically 15 to 20 nm thick. Besides dopants, constituent alkaline-earth ions also segregate to interfaces. Their segregation behavior is promoted by high temperatures, low partial pressures of oxygen, and the presence of acceptors. The results are explained in terms of a proposed theory of segregation presented in part I of the present series.
Index of mechanical efficiency in competitive and recreational long distance runners

AbstractThe purpose of this investigation was to compare external work and net energy expenditure during a bout of repetitive stretch-shortening cycles between competitive and recreational long-distance runners. Participants were divided into either competitive or recreational runners based on their maximal oxygen consumption and self-reported 1600 m times. The stretch-shortening cycle involved a repetitive hopping protocol on a force plate while measuring oxygen consumption and lactate accumulation for a total of 10 min. External work and net energy expenditure were calculated for 3 min after steady state was achieved and the ratio between these variables was utilised as an index of mechanical efficiency. Lower extremity stiffness was calculated during this interval as well. Net energy expenditure was significantly lower in competitive runners (152.6 ± 33.3 kJ) in comparison to recreational runners (200.6 ± 41.4 kJ) (P = 0.02) given similar amounts of external work performed in both groups (competitive r...
Intracranial heat exchange and regulation of brain temperature in sheep.

Abstract In the sheep, there is a dissociation between brain and body core temperature because of a temperature gradient between arterial blood of the body core and cerebral arterial blood. Cerebral arterial blood is cooler than blood in the common carotid artery by as much as 1C in the relaxed animal. During periods of arousal and of paradoxical sleep, cerebral arterial blood temperature rises toward central arterial blood temperature. The brain is warmer than the cerebral arterial blood, and changes in cerebral arterial temperature are reflected by changes in brain temperature. Vasoconstriction of the skin of the head and of the nasal mucosa is associated with elevations in temperature of the cerebral arterial blood and the brain. We have concluded that heat exchabge between the central arterial blood in the carotid rete and the cranial venous blood in the cavernous sinus is the major factory regulating cerebral arterial blood and brain temperatures in the sheep.
Simple Test of Hypotheses on System Availability and Mean Time to Repair

A method is developed for testing hypotheses on system availability and mean time to repair, under the assumption that the failure times and repair times are, respectively, independent exponential and gamma random variables. System is assumed to be in a steady state; availability is defined in usual manner as the ratio of mean time to failure to the sum of mean time to failure and mean time to repair. Testing hypotheses on system availability is achieved by simple application of the F distribution, provided: a) the system mean time to repair is known or determinable from other assumptions, or b) the ratio of system mean time to failure to the gamma scale parameter is known. Similarly, hypotheses on system mean repair time can be tested using the chi-square distribution, if the gamma scale parameter is known.
The effectiveness of query expansion for distributed information retrieval

Query expansion has been shown effective for both single database retrieval and for distributed information retrieval where complete collection information is available. One might expect that query expansion would then work for distributed information retrieval when complete collection information is not available. However, this does not appear to be the case. When using local context analysis for query expansion in distributed retrieval with partial information, the most significant reason query expansion does not work is that merging scores of documents retrieved by expanded queries is very difficult. However, we have found that using sampled information for query expansion can give boosts in a single database environment, and that when more information is available, query expansion can work in distributed environments. We also show that most of the benefit of query expansion in distributed retrieval comes from finding good documents, and not from selecting good databases.
Structural Basis for Telomerase RNA Recognition and RNP Assembly by the Holoenzyme La Family Protein p65.

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex essential for maintenance of telomere DNA at linear chromosome ends. The catalytic core of Tetrahymena telomerase comprises a ternary complex of telomerase RNA (TER), telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), and the essential La family protein p65. NMR and crystal structures of p65 C-terminal domain and its complex with stem IV of TER reveal that RNA recognition is achieved by a combination of single- and double-stranded RNA binding, which induces a 105° bend in TER. The domain is a cryptic, atypical RNA recognition motif with a disordered C-terminal extension that forms an α helix in the complex necessary for hierarchical assembly of TERT with p65-TER. This work provides the first structural insight into biogenesis and assembly of TER with a telomerase-specific protein. Additionally, our studies define a structurally homologous domain (xRRM) in genuine La and LARP7 proteins and suggest a general mode of RNA binding for biogenesis of their diverse RNA targets.
THE AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS OF MONKEY KIDNEY CELLS IN FIRST CULTURE PASSAGE

Monkey kidney cells tested in their first culture passage, 24 hours after their isolation from the animal host, required the same 13 amino acids for survival and growth as cell lines serially propagated in culture for years. Under the conditions of the present experiments, arginine, cystine, glutamine, histidine, and tyrosine proved necessary, over and above the 8 amino acids required for nitrogen balance in man. With the serially propagated lines, glutamic acid substituted for glutamine only at extremely high and non-physiological levels. In the monkey kidney cell cultures, however, glutamic acid and glutamine were interchangeable, mole for mole; and aspartic acid and asparagine were also effective as glutamine substitutes. Glycine was growth-stimulatory for monkey kidney cells in primary culture, and the cells grown in a glycine-deficient medium usually failed to survive subculture.
Statistics of electromagnetic near fields scattered from 3D AP mines buried under random rough surface calculated using the steepest descent fast multipole method (SDFMM)

The Steepest Descent Fats Multilevel Multiple Method (SDFMM) is used to analyze the distorting effects of random rough ground surfaces on scattered electromagnetic waves from buried TNT mines. The SDFMM method is an integral equation- based fast algorithm that is well suited for 2D penetrable rough surfaces in the frequency domain, and it is used to calculate the unknown surface currents on both the rough ground and the buried target as well. In this study all interactions between the rough interface and the buried target are taken into account. The scattered near field E- patterns of an incident Gaussian beam are calculated at different locations above the mean plane of the dielectric rough interface. The receiver locations are chosen to simulate GPR measurement protocols. The dimensions and burial depth of the TNT mine are smaller than the free space wavelength with material slightly different from the surrounding soil. The average and the standard deviation of the scattered fields for just the target are calculated and results showed that the presence of the rough interface tremendously distorts the target signal even for the small roughness parameters. Moreover, results showed the degradation of signal as the TNT mine is located away from incident beam. This knowledge can significantly contribute to inventing better sensing systems for less false alarm detection strategies.
Production of increased capillary fragility in rats following irradiation.

ConclusionExposure of the peritoneal cavity of the rat to irradiation in excessive amount will produce an increase in capillary fragility.
Isolated Congenital Mitral Insufficiency with Particular Reference to Left Heart Volumes

Clinical, hemodynamic, and angiocardiographic findings are described in seven cases of congenital mitral insufficiency. The volumes and changes in volume of the left atrium and left ventricle were calculated from the angiocardiograms and were found to be increased above the range of normal. Left ventricular stroke volumes thus obtained were compared with forward flows calculated from indicatordilution curves in order to quantitate regurgitant flow. Regurgitant flows varied between 19 and 94 per cent of the total left ventricular ejection volume, and forward flow was maintained as a result of a considerable increase in left ventricular volume. The left ventricular ejection volume was 50 to 64 per cent of the end-diastolic volume.
Crystallization and X-ray crystallographic analysis of human STAT1.

Unphosphorylated human STAT1 (1–683) has been crystallized in the presence of a phosphopeptide derived from the α-chain of human interferon γ (IFNγ) receptor. A complete data set has been collected from a KAu(CN)2-derivatized and dehydrated crystal. The crystal belonged to space group P6122, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 102.6, c = 646.5 A, α = β = 90, γ = 120°.
High Resolution Projector for 3D Imaging

This paper proposes a hybrid software-hardware high-resolution projection system for 3D imaging based on fringe projection. The proposed solution combines the advantages of a digital projection with those of an analogue one. It is programmable and allows a high projection rate by avoiding mechanical displacements in the projection system. Moreover, it does not suffer from the limitations of digital systems such as the presence of inter-pixel gaps and limited resolution. The proposed projection system is relatively inexpensive to build since it is composed of a simple arrangement off-the-shelf components. The system is a combination of a low-resolution digital device such as a DMD, LCoS or LCD, some optical components and software to generate the fringe patterns. A prototype of a 3D scanner based on the proposed projection system is used to asses the fitness of the proposed technology.
Caspase-1-deficient mice are protected against cisplatin-induced apoptosis and acute tubular necrosis.

Caspase-1–deficient mice are protected against cisplatin-induced apoptosis and acute tubular necrosis. Background Cisplatin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent which causes apoptosis or necrosis of renal tubular epithelial cells in vitro. Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases that mediate apoptosis (caspase-3) and inflammation (caspase-1). Although well studied in vitro, caspases have not been previously studied in cisplatin-induced acute renal failure (ARF) in vivo. Methods Cisplatin (30 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally into wild-type and caspase-1–deficient (-/-) C57BL/6 mice. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and renal caspase-1, -3, -8 and -9 activity were measured on days 1, 2, and 3 after cisplatin injection. Kidneys were examined for acute tubular necrosis (ATN), neutrophils, and apoptosis on days 1, 2, and 3. Results After cisplatin injection, serum creatinine and BUN were normal on day 1, began to increase on day 2, and peaked on day 3. Similarly, ATN scores and neutrophil counts peaked on day 3. In contrast, renal apoptosis significantly increased on day 2. Renal dysfunction, apoptosis, ATN scores and neutrophil infiltration were all reduced in the caspase-1 -/- mice. In wild-type mice, caspase-1 and -3 activity increased on days 2 and 3. Caspase-3 activity was reduced by approximately 50% in caspase-1 -/- mice; active caspase-3 detected by immunoblot was also reduced in caspase-1 -/- mice. In vitro, addition of recombinant caspases to kidney cytosolic extracts determined that caspase-1 activates caspase-3 in renal tissue. Conclusion These results indicate that caspase-1 contributes to cisplatin-induced ARF and ATN (day 3). Furthermore, caspase-1 affects caspase-3 activation and apoptosis in cisplatin-induced ARF (day 2).
Alanine scanning and Fe-BABE probing of the bacteriophage ø29 prohead RNA-connector interaction.

The DNA packaging motor of the Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage o29 prohead is comprised in part of an oligomeric ring of 174 base RNA molecules (pRNA) positioned near the N termini of subunits of the dodecameric head–tail connector. Deletion and alanine substitution mutants in the connector protein (gp10) N terminus were assembled into proheads in Escherichia coli and the particles tested for pRNA binding and DNA–gp3 packaging in vitro. The basic amino acid residues RKR at positions 3–5 of the gp10 N terminus were central to pRNA binding during assembly of an active DNA packaging motor. Conjugation of iron(S)-1-(p-bromoacetamidobenzyl) ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Fe-BABE) to residue S170C in the narrow end of the connector, near the N terminus, permitted hydroxyl radical probing of bound [32P]pRNA and identified two discrete sites proximal to this residue: the C-helix at the junction of the A, C and D helices, and the E helix and the CE loop/D loop of the intermolecular base pairing site.
NOVEL TRIMETHACRYLATES: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND EVALUATION OF NEW MONOMERS FOR IMPROVED DENTAL RESTORATIVES

ABSTRACT Two novel trimethacrylates, i.e., 1,1,1-tri-[4-(methacryloxyethoxy)-phenyl] ethane (TMPE) and 1,1,1-tri-[4-(2-methyl-2-methacryloxyethoxy)-phenyl]ethane (TMMPE), have been synthesized by reacting methacryloyl chloride with the corresponding hydroxyl intermediates. Both trimethacrylate monomers, having a low viscosity of 11.5 and 13.1 Pa.S, respectively, were blended with TEGDMA at three different weight ratios, i.e., 90/10, 70/30, and 50/50. The mixtures were made visible light-curable (VLC) by the addition of camphorquinone (0.5 wt%) and N,N-dimethyl-aminoethyl methacrylate (1.0 wt%). In addition to evaluation as cured neat resins, VLC formulations with 70% by wt. of silanated microfiller were also prepared and evaluated. The control in both cases was a VLC formulation of BisGMA/TEGDMA (70/30 and 50/50 wt/wt). These new, formulated resins have both improved physical properties and higher double bond conversion than the BisGMA control, as well as decreased linear polymerization shrinkage (LPS). T...
Some Stochastic Inventory Models for Rental Situations

Some stochastic models are analyzed which describe the time fluctuations of the inventory levels of companies which are in the rental business. The stochastic process which describes the fluctuations is shown to be applicable to a wide variety of physical situations. Examples are given, and analyses are made of several types of profit functions which are applicable to rental situations.
Exploring relationships among video games

This poster explores relationships among video games in an attempt to better understand the domain of video games and interactive media as well as improve user access to games. Video games are related in complex ways that cannot be adequately represented by contemporary conceptual models like Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR). Relationships between game editions, series, distribution methods and additional game content all pose challenges for those seeking to describe video games in a user-centered way.
Transcleral orbital invasion by a radiation and chemotherapy-resistant choroidal metastasis of a pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

Purpose To report transcleral orbital invasion by a radiation- and chemotherapy-resistant choroidal metastasis of a pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Design Interventional case report. Methods A 51-year-old female was found to have choroidal metastasis from a previously unknown primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma. She underwent external beam radiation treatment with a total dose of 40 Gray (Gy), delivered in 20 fractions over 28 days, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine and carboplatin. After completing two of the three scheduled chemotherapy cycles, the choroidal lesion was observed to have increased in size. Results A transvitreal aspiration biopsy of the choroidal lesion confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Enucleation was performed for intractable pain. Histopathology revealed invasion through scleral emissary channels to the retrobulbar tissue and through the optic nerve substance itself. Conclusions Despite appropriate external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and chemotherapy, pulmonary adenocarcinoma metastases to the choroid can continue to grow and may invade the orbit transclerally.