cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Epitope tagging genomic DNA using a CD-tagging Tn10 minitransposon.

Here, we describe an efficient system for epitope tagging cloned genes by CD tagging using a mini-Tn10 transposon delivery vector. The system was tested against a λFIX genomic clone of the human nucleolin gene. Transfection of HeLa cells with the tagged gene led to the expression of both the appropriately spliced tagged transcript and the appropriately localized tagged protein.
The Baptist View of the State

Anabaptism, the bete noire of confessional Protestantism, cursed at least once in most sixteenth century confessions of faith from Augsburg and Trent on, classified under the Deformation of the Reformation by Kurtz, and reconsidered by Troeltsch, is now interpreted by Schuster and Franke as the third primary type of Reformation Protestantism. Quiescent Protestantism, otherwise known as Lutheranism, and militant Protestantism, otherwise know as Calvinism, are at present represented as walking down the Reformation board-walk with radical Anabaptism.
Computational Study of the Aerodynamic Performance of Three-Dimensional Subsonic Inlets

A computational study has been conducted to assess the aerodynamic performance of three-dimensional (3D) subsonic inlets. The computations were performed using the WIND 3D Navier-Stokes CFD code. The primary objective of the study was to identify the aerodynamic trades associated with various design parameters for 3D subsonic inlets. Preliminary results of the study are presented with a focus on three design parameters; inlet internal lip thickness, axial extent of lower lip extension, and circumferential extent of the transition from extended lower lip to non-extended upper lip. Inlet performance is computed at takeoff, cruise and static conditions. Comparisons with 3D subsonic inlet experimental data are also shown.
INSENS: Intrusion-tolerant routing for wireless sensor networks

This paper describes an INtrusion-tolerant routing protocol for wireless SEnsor NetworkS (INSENS). INSENS securely and efficiently constructs tree-structured routing for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The key objective of an INSENS network is to tolerate damage caused by an intruder who has compromised deployed sensor nodes and is intent on injecting, modifying, or blocking packets. To limit or localize the damage caused by such an intruder, INSENS incorporates distributed lightweight security mechanisms, including efficient one-way hash chains and nested keyed message authentication codes that defend against wormhole attacks, as well as multipath routing. Adapting to WSN characteristics, the design of INSENS also pushes complexity away from resource-poor sensor nodes towards resource-rich base stations. An enhanced single-phase version of INSENS scales to large networks, integrates bidirectional verification to defend against rushing attacks, accommodates multipath routing to multiple base stations, enables secure joining/leaving, and incorporates a novel pairwise key setup scheme based on transitory global keys that is more resilient than LEAP. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate and assess the tolerance of INSENS to various attacks launched by an adversary. A prototype implementation of INSENS over a network of MICA2 motes is presented to evaluate the cost incurred.
Service-Oriented Modeling and Architecture for Realization of an SOA

Focus of this paper is to highlight some of the key considerations in developing services in SOA environment. These are based on lessons learnt and experience gained through SOA engagements. High level view of IBM's service modeling technique known as SOMA (service oriented modeling architecture) is provided here. This technique consists of three key steps - identification, specification and realization of services, components and flows
Fate of Transforming Deoxyribonucleate in Bacillus subtilis

The majority of donor deoxyribonucleate (DNA) at early stages after uptake was found in a complex with a cell component which changes its buoyant behavior on equilibrium density gradients. Analysis of the recipient cell lysates, after treatment to dissociate the complex, showed about two-thirds of the donor molecules in denatured form and the rest associated with recipient DNA. Incubation of cells after DNA uptake leads to the disappearance of denatured donor DNA and to the increase of donor label associated with recipient DNA. Some characteristics of a component from intact cells or spheroplasts with affinity for denatured Bacillus subtilis DNA are described.
Corticosteroid exposure in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome

Use of systemic corticosteroids in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains controversial, and studies in children are lacking. We performed an observational, single-center study in a prospectively enrolled cohort of children meeting criteria for ARDS (both Berlin 2012 and AECC 1994 acute lung injury) and pediatric ARDS (PARDS, as defined by PALICC 2015). Comprehensive analysis of corticosteroid utilization was planned, and detailed information collected on corticosteroid use, timing, treatment duration, and cumulative dose while mechanically ventilated. We assessed the association between corticosteroid exposure >24 h and outcomes. Of the 283 children with PARDS (37 deaths, 13 %), 169 (60 %) received corticosteroids for >24 h while ventilated: 51 % hydrocortisone, 41 % methylprednisolone, 5 % dexamethasone, 3 % combination of corticosteroids. Corticosteroid exposure >24 h was associated with increased mortality, fewer ventilator-free days at 28 days (VFD), and longer duration of ventilation in survivors in unadjusted analyses (all p 24 h in patients with ≥3 organ failures and immunocompromised patients. Corticosteroid exposure >24 h was independently associated with fewer VFD and longer duration of ventilation in survivors, even after adjustment for key potential confounders, including severity of illness, oxygenation index, immunocompromised status, and number of organ failures.
A Playbook for Positive Organizational Change: Energize, Redesign, and Gel

To lead positive organizational change, be catalysts for adaptability, and be continuously change-ready, change management practitioners today need new dynamic capabilities and skills that go beyond managing: namely, they should be ‘change energizers’ and ‘change designers.’
The Familial Placement of the Genus Haematoides Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Dascillidae, Byturidae)

Abstract The genus Haematoides Fairmaire is moved from the Dascillidae to the Byturidae. The genus Byturodes Barber is synonymized with Haematoides new synonymy. The type species of these two genera, Byturodes grahami Barber and Haematoides davidii Fairmaire are also synonymized new synonymy.
Eating Well with Pleshette DeArmitt

Written from a student’s perspective, this essay focuses on Pleshette’s engagement with Derrida in The Right to Narcissism: The Case for an Im-possible Self-Love and attests to the manner in which she lived this influence through her teaching and writing.
Observations on the Parietal Fontanelle in the Newborn and in Young Infants

Resume 1. The relative frequency of interparietal spaces as determined from a study of 598 healthy living children is 30.7 per cent for the first month after birth, 27.8 for the second month, 13.3 per cent for the third month and 18.9 per cent for the entire first year. 2. The relative frequency of interparietal spaces or parietal fontanelles of 1 square centimeter or over in area, in this series of cases, is 5.81 per cent for the first month after birth and 3.33 per cent for the second and third months. 3. The persistence of the parietal fontanelle after the first trimester is unusual. We found only one instance in our cases of the second trimester and none thereafter. 4. The average area of the parietal fontanelle (in measurable cases) far the first trimester of postnatal life is 0.14 square centimeters in this series. 5. The form of the parietal fontanelle is highly variable. The parietal fontanelle is often confluent with the frontal fontanelle, and occasionally with the occipital fontanelle. Duplications of the parietal fontanelle are not unusual. 6. Although the parietal fontanelle is usually located at the level of the parietal eminences, it may occur at any place along the interparietal portion of the sagittal suture. 7. Certain of the parietal fontanelles probably have their origin from duplications of the parietal ossification centers, but we think that a number are formed from posterior extensions of the great or frontal fontanelle. A few parietal fontanelles may arise from anterior extension of the occipital fontanelle.
REDUCTION IN EARLY RECURRENCE OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION BY FOCAL IMPULSE AND ROTOR MODULATION-GUIDED ABLATION

Atrial fibrillation(AF) may recur in the first 3 month ‘blanking period’ after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI).Such early recurrence of AF (ERAF) may require cardioversion yet does not always predict long-term outcome. We hypothesized that eliminating AF substrates by Focal Impulse and Rotor
Spontaneous Virus Carrier Cultures and Postmortem Isolation of Virus from Infants with Congenital Rubella.

SummaryRubella virus was isolated from 8 of 10 infants who died of congenital rubella. Several of the infant organs were grown in tissue culture and 10 cell lines were established. They were characterized by their spontaneous chronic infection with rubella virus in the absence of cytopathic changes, and thus they behaved as true virus carrier cultures. The organs that yielded the carrier cultures included kidney, bone marrow, lung, spleen, thyroid and umbilicus. Suspensions of tissues yielded virus in 6 cases; however, in 2 cases, virus was isolated only from the carrier cultures but not from the tissue suspensions.
Interaction of a Backward-Facing Step and Crossflow Instabilities in Boundary-Layer Transition

A swept flat plate model with an imposed pressure gradient was experimentally investigated in a low-speed flow to determine the effect of a backward-facing step on transition in a stationary crossf...
Dot-Blot test for identification of insecticide-resistant acetylcholinesterase in single insects

A test was developed to detect the presence of insecticide-resistant acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in single insects based on the quasipermanent binding of proteins onto blotting membranes. The method is simple, sensitive, requires inexpensive equipment, and produces a permanent record of results. AChE activity is revealed by the Karnovsky & Roots staining technique in the presence of propoxur, or after exposure of the membrane to paraoxon and rinsing with water. We chose insecticide concentrations that inhibited the sensitive AChE while allowing detectable residual activity of the resistant AChE to remain. By comparing the staining of insecticide-treated and control membranes, susceptible and resistant genotypes for the AChE gene could be distinguished in laboratory strains of mosquitoes (Culex spp. and Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann) and the house fly (Musca domestica L.). Resistant AChE from mosquitoes was less susceptible both to propoxur and paraoxon than the corresponding sensitive AChE, whereas resistant AChE from house fly was less susceptible mainly to paraoxon. The technique worked well for mosquito adults and house fly heads but not for mosquito larvae. Blotted AChE did not show detectable loss of activity during storage of the membranes for 3 wk at 25 degrees C. Storage is an important asset of the technique because transportation of live insect material to the laboratory may not be necessary.
Decentralized Active Control of Multistory Civil Structure with Wireless Smart Sensor Nodes

AbstractWireless smart sensors, a popular option for structural health monitoring, are an exciting alternative to traditional tethered systems for structural control. Their onboard communication, sensing, actuation, and processing capabilities offer all the components for feedback control to limit structural response during earthquakes and wind. However, wireless smart sensors pose unique challenges for structural control including communication latency, delays, and data loss. Previous research in wireless structural control has used decentralized control approaches to overcome these inherent limitations. However, these experimental investigations have focused on semiactive control systems, in which stability is guaranteed. Thus, the semiactive wireless control implementations are less sensitive to delays and sampling rate limitations imposed by the smart sensors. This paper presents an experimental investigation of decentralized wireless active control. All the elements of the wireless control system are...
Nonvolatile online CMOS trimming with magnetic tunnel junctions

We design a programmable output delay for digital circuits, making use of the nonvolatile bit storage in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), which are available in hybrid processes with CMOS. We introduce our programmable clock buffers in VLSI dot product and fast Fourier transform (FFT) circuits at the 45 nm node. We reduce the FFT clock skew by 39%. These performance improvements and the ability to reduce timing violations come at less than a 1% increase in area and power.
A Parametric Analysis of Rehearsal Opportunities on Procedural Integrity

ABSTRACTBehavioral skills training (BST) involves instruction, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback. Despite its empirical support, the literature provides little to no guidance regarding the best way to implement rehearsal to ensure accurate implementation of behavioral procedures. Thus, the purpose of this study was to conduct a parametric analysis of rehearsal opportunities within a BST package. We evaluated the effects of 1, 3, and 10 rehearsals with feedback on correct implementation of functional analysis (FA). Regardless of the number of rehearsals, 18 undergraduate participants effectively learned to implement FA conditions. The most efficient training involved the use of single rehearsals with feedback until meeting mastery criterion. Participants maintained integrity during a follow-up session and rated the use of rehearsal as highly acceptable.
Assessing the Increase in Background Oil–Contamination Levels Along Alabama's Beaches Resulting From the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

The explosion of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil drilling rig resulted in widespread contamination of Alabama's white sandy beaches. These beaches continue to be impacted by the various forms of oil spill residues that were formed from the DWH oil. We review published literature and several federal cleanup response reports to develop a set of hypotheses that are broadly used to describe the DWH oil spill–related contamination problems and their impacts on Alabama's beaches. We later test the validity of these hypotheses based on field-scale observations and several recently published datasets. Based on the results of this study, we make the following conclusions: (1) the current background oil–contamination levels are much higher than the relatively low (in some cases, negligible) background levels that existed prior to the DWH oil spill; (2) virtually all of the visible oil spill residues currently deposited along the Alabama shoreline, in the form of fragile, brownish, sticky tar balls and tar patties, originated from the DWH oil spill; and (3) several higher molecular weight PAHs, such as chrysene and its alkylated homologs, trapped in DWH oil spill residues are degrading at a much slower rate than they were prior to the oil being submerged near the shoreline; and it is highly likely that these contaminants will remain in the nearshore environment for an extended period of time. These conclusions were based on our analysis of the data collected from Alabama beaches and more field studies are needed to test their validity to other Gulf of Mexico beaches. Long-term monitoring data are not available to evaluate the changes in background oil levels occurring along the Alabama shoreline, and therefore future research efforts should conduct well-organized long-term surveys to capture both temporal and spatial variations in oil deposition levels. Future studies should also focus on developing rational metrics that can help quantify background oil levels and track its seasonal variabilities. Finally, the biological and ecological implications of the increases in background oil levels that resulted from the DWH oil spill are presently unknown; more biological studies are needed to better understand these implications.
Tale of the Huanglongbing Disease Pyramid in the Context of the Citrus Microbiome

The Huanglongbing (HLB) disease pyramid is composed of Liberibacters, psyllid vectors, citrus hosts, and the environment. The epidemiological outcomes for Liberibacter-associated plant diseases are collectively determined by the inherent relationships among plant-Liberibacters-psyllids, and how various environmental factors affect plant-Liberibacter-psyllid interactions. Citrus-Liberibacter-psyllid interactions occur in a complex microbiome system. In this review, we focus on the progress in understanding the HLB disease pyramid, and how the microbiome affects the HLB disease pyramid including the interaction between HLB and the citrus microbiome; the interaction between Liberibacters and psyllids; the interaction between Liberibacters and gut microbiota in psyllids; and the effect of HLB on selected above- and belowground citrus pathogens. Their implications for HLB management are also discussed.
Lobbying: Using Advocacy to Create Social Change Opportunities

North Carolina, where I have lived for decades, is a tobacco state. Tobacco farming, manufacturing, and distribution were mainstays of the state’s economy in the past, and local leaders and politicians looked upon anything that ever so slightly threatened the prosperity or reputation of the tobacco industry with intense disfavor. But times have changed. For example, the city of Raleigh, the state capital, recently passed an ordinance banning smoking in city parks. An action like this was unimaginable in North Carolina a few years ago.
Direct writing of inkjet-printed short channel organic thin film transistors

Abstract A direct-writing fabrication process for fully inkjet-printed short-channel organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) has been developed. Channels as narrow as 800 nm between two printed Ag electrodes were achieved by printing a special Ag ink on an SU-8 interlayer, which can be partially dissolved by the solvents used in the Ag ink. The ridge formed along the printed Ag line edges due to redistribution of the interlayer material during the drying process limits the ink spread, and separates neighboring printed lines, and is the key to defining an ultra-narrow channel for transistor fabrication. The short-channel OTFTs fabricated using this technique have demonstrated well-defined linear and saturation regimes. An extracted mobility of 0.27 cm 2 /Vs with an on/off ratio of 10 5 was obtained at a driving voltage of −12 V. The excellent performance of these devices demonstrates the potential of this technique in fabrication of short-channel devices using standard printing technologies.
Scalar dissipation rates in a turbulent partially-premixed dimethyl ether/air jet flame

Abstract This paper presents the gradient structure of a turbulent partially premixed dimethyl ether (DME)/air jet flame operating at a jet Reynolds number of 29,300. Temperature and mixture fraction profiles from Raman/Rayleigh/CO-LIF line measurements are used to determine one-dimensional scalar dissipation rates at six axial locations. A major focus of the current work is to assess the effects of experimental artifacts, including spatial resolution, noise, and dimensionality, on the accuracy of the derived scalar dissipation rate. Two-dimensional probability density functions (PDFs) of the mixture fraction gradients are used to determine possible clipping effects due to insufficient spatial resolution. This resolution limit is compared to values determined from one-dimensional dissipation spectra and scaling laws. Spatial resolution also is investigated using laminar flame calculations in conjunction with optical-blur filters representing the experimental setup. The impact of noise is treated by error propagation methods. Monte Carlo simulations and experimental data from laminar flames are used to verify and validate the models used to predict noise propagation for the measurements of the absolute gradients, squared gradients, and scalar dissipation rates. Gradient and scalar dissipation rate detection limits and contribution from apparent dissipation (due to noise effects) are presented as functions of measurement signal-to-noise ratios. A noised lognormal function is introduced to investigate the impact of noise on derived PDFs and corresponding statistical moments of the measured scalar gradients and the scalar dissipation rate within the turbulent flame. Results from the turbulent flame measurements are presented in the form of scatter plots and conditional statistics to examine turbulence-chemistry interaction and develop a database for model assessment. Specifically, the results are compared to laminar flame calculations over a broad range of strain rates with multi-component and unity Lewis number transport assumptions. This comparison is used to assess the relevance of differential diffusion effects on scalar dissipation rates in the turbulent flame.
Representation visuals' impacts on science interest and reading comprehension of adolescent English learners

This experimental study explored the impact of representation + glossary label visuals on science outcomes in a sample of 174 Grade 7 English learners (ELs). Analysis of covariance results indicate...
Online Word of Mouth and Product Quality Disagreement

Studies of online word of mouth have frequently posited that the level of disagreement between existing product reviews can impact the propensity to review and the valence of future reviews. Howeve...
Economic Methods for Evaluating Investments in Advanced Manufacturing Technologies

Abstract Economic evaluation and justification of capital allocations is a function which has been carried out by United States manufacturers for many decades. The economic evaluation techniques that were developed and utilized during early years served their purpose quite well. However, the advancement of technology and an ever-increasingly competitive world market have forced many American corporations to rethink the investment justification methods that have been embraced for so long. This work presents the past and present in evaluation strategies and gives discussion to the applicability, uses and misuses of three categories of justification methods: accounting, analytical and strategic. Under differing investment situations each method has its merits, but the preponderance of recent commentary has been supportive of techniques that allow explicitly for analytical and/or strategic factors. Included also is discussion on the changing environment under which advanced manufacturing technologies are implemented, and its effect on the investment justification process. An illustrative example highlighting each of the three evaluation categories and their respective characteristics is given.
Medical Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Elderly: Balancing Safety and Efficacy

The medical management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the older patient extends beyond luminal disease activity. Factors such as comorbidity, functional status, polypharmacy, and age-related changes in physical reserve and drug metabolism may affect therapeutic decision making. The older patient with IBD is more susceptible to disease-related complications and also to adverse events with therapy, particularly immunosuppression. Appropriate medication selection along with multidisciplinary care, factoring not only disease activity but also these age-related risk factors, may improve therapeutic outcomes and decrease adverse events to therapy.
Nitrite and Nitrate in Human Breast Milk: Implications for Development

Nitrite and nitrate from dietary sources offer a number of nutritional and health-promoting functions in adults and infants. The presence of relatively high concentrations of nitrite and nitrate in human breast milk provides additional support and evidence that these anions are necessary for growth and development as well as immunological support in the newborn infant. The emerging data suggest that differences in the nitrite and nitrate content of breast milk and formula milk may account for some of the health disparities of breastfed vs. formula-fed infants. This chapter presents the context for the essential role of nitrite and nitrate in the newborn infant.
Clinical Overview and Future fMRI Applications

The past ten years (1990–2000) had been designated the decade of the brain, as this has been the one of the subjects of major research focus worldwide in medical sciences. During this period there has been tremendous research in brain sciences leading to numerous technological developments and establishment of fundamental clinical protocols to understand brain functions. The next decade beginning the twentyfirst century will continue the momentum of brain research; this is evident from the numerous publications in scientific journals. This is currently one of the most exciting and progressive times in scientific advancement in the field of brain function, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) represents one of the most advanced and potentially enlightening techniques that have ever been developed. According to published reports, the number of published research papers using fMRI has increased exponentially from two in 1990 to over 3877 currently (May 2005).
Revealed Cost Tolerance and Power Asymmetries: The Reputational Consequences of Casualty Sensitivity during War

This paper examines whether combatants’ willingness to suffer casualties in pursuit of their wartime objectives has reputational consequences. I argue that those who are willing to suffer high casualties gain a reputation for having a high cost tolerance that helps them deter future challenges, while those who give up after suffering few casualties acquire a reputation for having a low cost tolerance which makes their potential adversaries more willing to challenge them in the aftermath of war. This is especially true when the combatants face weak challengers, because these actors tend to adopt strategies that specifically target the cost tolerance of their opponents. Stronger challengers tend to adopt strategies that target the military capabilities or war making capacity of their opponents, and are therefore less sensitive to new information about their adversaries’ cost tolerance. Thus, the reputational consequences of casualty sensitivity are conditioned by power asymmetries. I test this argument against competing hypotheses using data on casualties, war outcomes, and militarized dispute initiation from 1816-2004. I find that, as predicted, challengers with fewer material resources are more likely to target combatants that suffer low casualties in losing wars, while the behavior of challengers with more material resources is unaffected.
Vitamin D-supplemented yogurt drink reduces Candida infections in a paediatric intensive care unit: a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Background The prevalence of Candida infections in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) has dramatically increased as a result of resistance to conventional anti-fungal treatments. Because vitamin D has been shown to exhibit fungicidal activity against Candida infection in an in vitro antimicrobial screening, we aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D on Candida infections in the PICU. Methods Four hundred sixteen eligible children aged between 12 months to 5 years old admitted to the PICU, who were on broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, participated in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to two study groups, receiving a plain yogurt drink (placebo group) or supplemented with 300 IU day-1 vitamin D (VD group). Primary outcome was defined as the incidences of Candida colonisation (Candida isolated from rectal swab) 14 days after enrollment. Secondary outcome measures were Candida growth in blood (candidaemia) and urine (candiduria). Results The prevalence of candiduria as well as candidaemia was significantly lower in the VD-treated group (26 cases) than in the placebo group (62 cases). The mean (SD) length of PICU stay was obviously lowered in the VD group [11.8 (1.2) days] compared to the placebo group [15.2 (2.3 days)], whereas cases of patient death were similar between the two groups. Conclusions Supplementation of vitamin D effectively reduces infections of Candida in children who were critically ill and on broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment.
Phase behavior and complex coacervation of concentrated pea protein isolate-beet pectin solution.

Abstract This study aimed to develop an alternative method named state diagram to identify boundary formation pH for complex coacervates between pea protein isolate (PPI) and sugar beet pectin (SBP) at concentrated solutions (~2.0 wt%). The effects of pH (7–2) and PPI–SBP mixing ratios (1:1–20:1) on coacervates formation were investigated by state diagram, zeta-potential, rheological, and phase composition analysis. Isothermal titration calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were employed to elucidate thermodynamic behaviors, non-covalent bonding of coacervates, and microstructure of coacervates. We demonstrate that state diagram can explicitly identify the three characteristic pH values (pHφ1, pHopt, and pHφ2) at which recognizable transitions take place in concentrated colloids solutions. The mixing ratio dependent of pHφ1 increased to pH 5.5 as PPI–SBP mixing ratio increased to 20:1. The pHopt was recognized at the net charge neutrality or the highest storage modulus of the mixed colloids solutions.
A Systematic Review of Complications of Minimally Invasive Surgery in the Pediatric Urological Literature

Purpose:Minimally invasive surgery has been gaining momentum in pediatric urology and it is essential to analyze the unique complications pertinent to this approach. We conducted a systematic revie...
Postharvest Quality of Imported, Domestic, and Minimally Processed Pomegranate Fruit

Pomegranate is a deciduous tree crop cultivated commercially for its fruit and juice in many parts of the world. Minimally processed fruits and vegetables have become one of the fastest-growing sec...
Treating the Network: Targeted inhibition of two specific microRNAs in the brainstem prevents the development of hypertension

Abstract We here test the concept that disease states may result not from a single cause but from small changes in a network that are collectively significant. We recently showed that development of hypertension (HTN) in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model of human essential hypertension is accompanied by changes in microRNA expression levels in the brainstem tracking the development of HTN 1,2. This led to the hypothesis that preventing the change in microRNA levels could prevent the development of HTN. We propose that hypertension emerges from a network that has been pushed out of a normotensive equilibrium into a compensatory, pathological state. We show that small perturbations in the gene regulatory networks in the brainstem by selectively blocking two microRNAs highlighted in our previous results, miR-135a and miR-376a, is sufficient to prevent development of hypertension in the SHR model. This effect appears driven by only modest changes in the expression of rate-limiting genes, many of which are targets of these miRNAs, suggesting that the combination of genes that are targeted in the network is responsible for the effect. The demonstration that hypertension is an emergent property of an underlying regulatory network suggests that a new treatment paradigm altogether is needed. One Sentence Summary A brief summary of the main result of your paper, without excessive jargon.
Cell density alters bacterial community structure in culture-enriched 16S rRNA gene microbiota profiling.

Microbial community profiling using 16S rRNA gene has provided invaluable insights into diverse microbial communities. Recently a few studies have attempted to use 16S rRNA gene microbiota profiling in combination with the conventional culture methods to explore bacterial communities. In this “culture-enriched microbiota profiling” approach, microbes in a sample are cultured on solid media, and the resulting colonies are combined and subjected to 16S rRNA gene microbiota profiling. Here we investigated the effect of cell densities as determined by varying levels of sample dilution on the culture-enriched microbiota profiles using De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar medium as a model system. Cecal samples collected from 10 healthy chickens were serially diluted to 102 fold (M-LOW), 104 fold (M-MEDIUM), and 106 fold (M-HIGH), and the dilutions were plated on MRS agar. 16S rRNA gene profiling showed that the relative abundance of certain genera showed gradual increase (Pediococcus and Enterococcus) or decrease (Lactobacillus and Turicibacter) with higher dilutions, though it was significant only for Pediococcus (p < 0.05). The result indicates that the dilution levels of the samples can alter the resulting microbiota profiles via unknown density-dependent mechanisms and thus should be considered for designing experiments using culture-enriched microbiota profiling.
Cardiac Assessment of the Elite Athlete: Separating Structural Disease from Adaptive Changes

Sudden cardiac death is the number one cause of medical mortality in elite athletes and thus the cardiac assessment of this group is of paramount importance. Key to this evaluation is distinguishin...
“A Printing Machine for the Memory”: Stillness, Metamorphosis, and the Poiesis of Memory in Ruth Lingford’s Death and the Mother

This chapter explores correspondences between traditional animation and visual memory. Recent studies demonstrate memory’s reliance on static visualizations as placeholders for past events and experiences. While animation’s primary visual currency is movement, the structural role of sequenced still images in animated motion points to a paradoxical visibility of the individual frame as a model for understanding animation as a material and structural language of memory. Ruth Lingford’s Death and the Mother (1997) provides a compelling case study for exploring traditional animation as memory-work. Lingford’s film foregrounds a visual dynamic in which the antithesis of figural stasis is not motion but transformation, and in which the single frame operates structurally as a figure for the persistence of the past in the form of a remembered image.
Stray Flux-Based Incipient Stage Bearing Fault Detection for Induction Machines via Noise Cancellation Techniques

External flux-based monitoring offers easier installation and lower cost than current-based monitoring and the conventional vibration-based monitoring. Detection of bearing generalized roughness is realized in this paper via external flux-based monitoring. To increase the fault signature signal to noise ratio (SNR), the Wiener filter-based noise cancellation technique previously proved valid for current-based monitoring is refined and applied. A process is added to optimize the timing of prediction for lower randomness of prediction error. A series of experiments are conducted on a 7.5-horsepower induction motor with incipient bearing fault generated via the electrolytic corrosion method. Both axial and radial flux are tested with the noise cancellation technique and compared with stator current and vibration signals. The experimental results show that it is possible to detect the incipient bearing fault with noise-cancelled stray flux signal.
Decoy Selection in Protein Structure Determination via Symmetric Non-negative Matrix Factorization

The so-called dark proteome, referring to regions of the protein universe that remain inaccessible by either wet-or dry-laboratory methods, continues to spur computational research in protein structure determination. An outstanding challenge relates to the ability to discriminate relevant tertiary structure(s) among many structures, also referred to as decoys, that are computed for a protein of interest. The problem is known as decoy selection. While prime for investigation as an inference problem, the decoy datasets generated in silico are sparse and highly imbalanced towards the negative class (irrelevant structures). These characteristics continue to challenge both supervised and unsupervised learning approaches to this problem. In this paper, we propose a novel decoy selection method based on symmetric non-negative matrix factorization in a graph clustering setting. The method is evaluated on two datasets, a benchmark dataset of ensembles of decoys for a varied list of protein molecules, and a dataset of decoy ensembles for targets drawn from the recent CASP competitions. The evaluation demonstrates that the proposed method outperforms several state-of-the-art decoy selection methods. This performance, as well as the method’s computational expediency, suggest that the proposed method advances the state of the art in decoy selection and, in particular, our the ability to tackle inherent challenges related to imbalanced datasets.
Osteoporosis is under recognized and undertreated in adult spinal deformity patients

Background Adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients may have osteoporosis, predisposing them to an increased risk for surgical complications. Prior studies have demonstrated that treating osteoporosis improves surgical outcomes. In this study we determine the prevalence of osteoporosis in ASD patients undergoing long spinal fusions and the rate at which osteoporosis is treated. Methods ASD patients who frequented either of two major academic medical centers from 2010 through 2019 were studied. All study participants were at least 40 years of age and endured a spinal fusion of at least seven vertebral levels. Medical records were explored for a diagnosis of osteoporosis via ICD-10 code and, if present, whether pharmacological treatment was prescribed. T-tests and chi-squared analyses were used to determine statistical significance. Results Three hundred ninety-nine patients matched the study's inclusion criteria. Among this group, 131 patients (32.8%) had been diagnosed with osteoporosis prior to surgery. With a mean age of 66.4 years, osteoporotic patients were on average three years older than non-osteoporotic (P=0.002) and more likely to be female (74.8% vs. 61.9%; P=0.01). At the time of surgery, 34.4% of osteoporotic patients were receiving pharmacological treatment. Although not statistically significant, women were more likely to receive medical treatment than men (P=0.07). Conclusions The prevalence of osteoporosis in ASD patients undergoing a long spinal fusion is substantially higher than that of the general population. Surgeons should have a low threshold for bone density testing in ASD patients. With only about one-third of osteoporotic patients treated, there is a classic "missed opportunity" in this population.
Globalization and the Global Liberal Order

This chapter introduces our dialectical perspective to change and applies it to globalization. It discusses the impact of social media on globalization as well as the spread of nationalist-populism and the global liberal order, concepts we introduce here. It then reviews and comments on our earlier optimistic discussion of globalization in our 2012 book. The chapter describes trends in the three key dimensions of globalization and introduces the origins and evolution of the global liberal order.
LensCap: split-process framework for fine-grained visual privacy control for augmented reality apps

Augmented Reality (AR) enables smartphone users to interact with virtual content spatially overlaid on a continuously captured physical world. Under the current permission enforcement model in popular operating systems, AR apps are given Internet permission at installation time, and request camera permission and external storage write permission at runtime through a user's approval. With these permissions granted, any Internet-enabled AR app could silently collect camera frames and derived visual information for malicious intent without a user's awareness. This raises serious concerns about the disclosure of private user data in their living environments. To give users more control over application usage of their camera frames and the information derived from them, we introduce LensCap, a split-process app design framework, in which the app is split into a camera-handling visual process and a connectivity-handling network process. At runtime, LensCap manages secured communications between split processes, enacting fine-grained data usage monitoring. LensCap also allows both processes to present interactive user interfaces. With LensCap, users can decide what forms of visual data can be transmitted to the network, while still allowing visual data to be used for AR purposes on device. We prototype LensCap as an Android library and demonstrate its usability as a plugin in Unreal Engine. Performance evaluation results on five AR apps confirm that visual privacy can be preserved with an insignificant latency penalty (
A Case-Control Study of Hip Fracture Surgery Timing and Mortality at an Academic Hospital: Day Surgery May Be Safer than Night Surgery

Time from hospital admission to operative intervention has been consistently demonstrated to have a significant impact on mortality. Nonetheless, the relationship between operative start time (day versus night) and associated mortality has not been thoroughly investigated. Methods: All patients who underwent hip fracture surgery at a single academic institution were retrospectively analyzed. Operative start times were dichotomized: (1) day operation-7 a.m. to 4 p.m.; (2) night operation-4 p.m. to 7 a.m. Outcomes between the two groups were evaluated. Results: Overall, 170 patients were included in this study. The average admission to operating room (OR) time was 26.0 ± 18.0 h, and 71.2% of cases were performed as a day operation. The overall 90-day mortality rate was 7.1% and was significantly higher for night operations (18.4% vs. 2.5%; p = 0.001). Following multivariable logistic regression analysis, only night operations were independently associated with 90-day mortality (aOR 8.91, 95% confidence interval 2.19-33.22; p = 0.002). Moreover, these patients were significantly more likely to return to the hospital within 50 days (34.7% vs. 19.0%; p = 0.029) and experience mortality prior to discharge (8.2% vs. 0.8%; p = 0.025). Notably, admission to OR time was not associated with in-hospital mortality (29.22 vs. 25.90 h; p = 0.685). Hip fracture surgery during daytime operative hours may minimize mortalities.
Principles of Musculoskeletal Fracture Care

Fractures are a common cause for emergency room visits in the United States, affecting both children and adults. A fracture, or broken bone, occurs when the force exerted on a bone is greater than the strength of the bone itself. Initial management should involve a thorough history and dedicated musculoskeletal exam on the involved limb. Fractures are diagnosed using orthogonal, or AP and lateral, radiographs of the involved bone. Fracture radiographs are described based on anatomic location, bone involved, fracture pattern, and direction of displacement. Clinically, fractures can be described as open or closed. Open fractures are typically the result of high-energy trauma, where the fractured bone penetrates through the skin. Initially management of fractures in the emergency department involves closed reduction and immobilization of the involved extremity in a splint. Stable fractures in acceptable alignment can be treated nonoperatively, with continued immobilization in a cast. Operative treatment of fractures involves open reduction and internal fixation using plates and screws or intramedullary implants. Pediatric fractures have several unique characteristics including an active epiphyseal (growth) plate and thick periosteum which confers greater osteogenic and remodeling potential. Several complications following operative and nonoperative fracture management include pressure wounds from splints or casts, malunion, nonunion, avascular necrosis, infection, and post-traumatic arthritis.
Monitoring and Characterization of Glycoprotein Quality in Animal Cell Cultures

The presence and structure of oligosaccharides in glycoproteins are known to influence the biological properties of therapeutic proteins. The ability to characterize the oligosaccharides in real-time during animal cell cultivation offers the possibility to control and ensure the quality and consistency of the therapeutic proteins. This paper presents a number of real-time analytical techniques in the quantitative measurement of macro- and microheterogeneity of protein glycosylation. The monitoring techniques include tandem microbore chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, continuous peptide digestion and MALDI/TOF mass spectrometry. The results from these real-time measurements during the cultivation of a recombinant Chinese Hamster Ovary cell culture encoding for human interferon-γ (IFN-γ) will be presented. Rapid and real-time analysis (4 hours) and high sensitivity (0.5 µg) have been achieved to characterize both macro- and microheterogeneity of IFN-γ glycosylation. Both the site occupancy and fractions of biantennary, triantennary and tetraantennary structures of inteferon-γ were found to remain unchanged during culture. However, sialylation percentage of IFN-γ remained relatively constant in the early stage of the culture, and dropped steadily after massive cell death. This decrease in product sialylation was later confirmed to result from extracellular sialidase activity.
Influence of androgen on the development of sexual behavior in the rat. II. Time and dosage of androgen administration during the neonatal period and masculine and feminine copulatory behavior in females.

Abstract The objective of the present study was to delineate the period of sensitivity to a single androgen exposure during the initial neonatal hours on the development of masculine and feminine copulatory behavior in female rats. Female rats were injected once with either 500, 50, or 5 μg testosterone propionate (TP) at either 1 or 24 hr after birth. Following castration in adulthood and TP replacement, the females were tested four times at weekly intervals in prolonged sessions for masculine copulatory behavior. One month following the masculine copulatory tests the females were tested for 3 weeks for feminine copulatory behavior with weekly increasing levels of estradiol benzoate (2.5, 10, and 25 μg) and progesterone (200 μg). The results demonstrate that a single injection of TP administered at either 1 or 24 hr after birth can significantly increase the capacity of female rats to exhibit ejaculation patterns and that the amount of androgen that is administered is critical in determining the levels of ejaculatory responding. Similarly, the females given high doses (50 and 500 μg) of TP at either 1 or 24 hr neonatally were almost completely defeminized. In contrast, however, the females treated with 5 μg TP at 1 and 24 hr showed different levels of lordotic performance indicating a greater sensitivity to androgen immediately after birth than at 24 hr in female rats as has been shown in male rats.
Stronger neural dynamics capture changes in infants' visual working memory capacity over development

Visual working memory (VWM) capacity has been studied extensively in adults, and methodological advances have enabled researchers to probe capacity limits in infancy using a preferential looking paradigm. Evidence suggests that capacity increases rapidly between 6 and 10 months of age. To understand how the VWM system develops, we must understand the relationship between the looking behavior used to study VWM and underlying cognitive processes. We present a dynamic neural field model that captures both real-time and developmental processes underlying performance. Three simulation experiments show how looking is linked to VWM processes during infancy and how developmental changes in performance could arise through increasing neural connectivity. These results provide insight into the sources of capacity limits and VWM development more generally.