cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neutral and DEAE dextrans as tracers for assessing lung microvascular barrier permeability and integrity

Steady-state lymph-to-plasma concentration ratios (L/Ps) of neutral dextrans, cationic DEAE dextrans, and endogenous proteins were determined under normal and increased permeability conditions in s...
Solution to the phase problem for specular x-ray or neutron reflectivity from thin films on liquid surfaces

The phase problem for specular x-ray and neutron reflectivity from liquid surfaces and thin films on liquid surfaces can be solved in the distorted-wave Born approximation. The gradient of the scattering-length density (SLD) profile normal to the plane of the surface is bounded in these cases. This provides a powerful constraint allowing the phase problem to be solved with no a priori assumptions via an iterative Fourier refinement procedure applied to the Fresnel-normalized reflectivity. The critical boundary condition can be determined experimentally from the autocorrelation of the gradient profile obtained via an inverse Fourier transform of the Fresnel-normalized reflectivity without phase information. The phase solution and the resulting gradient SLD profile can be shown to be unique, and therefore unambiguously determined, when all of phase space is systematically explored for particular cases, especially for thin films on liquid surfaces. This gradient SLD profile can then be integrated either numerically, or better, analytically to provide the scattering-length density profile itself on an absolute scale.
In situ hybridization of luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid during hormone-induced down-regulation and the subsequent recovery in rat corpus luteum.

Previous studies have shown that injection of a pharmacological dose of hCG to rats primed with PMSG/hCG results in a loss of hCG binding in the luteinized ovary, which is closely coupled with the loss of LH/hCG receptor (LH/hCG-R) messenger RNA (mRNA). The time course of down-regulation of the receptor mRNA reveals that mRNA totally disappears 24 h after the hormone injection, but fully recovers by 72 h. The purpose of this study was to determine by in situ hybridization whether the recovery of the receptor mRNA occurs in preexisting or newly formed corpora lutea. Twenty-one-day-old female rats were treated with 50 IU PMSG, followed 56 h later by a single injection of hCG. On day 5 after the hCG injection, one group of rats was treated with a desensitizing dose of hCG, and a control group received saline. The ovaries were collected 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after the treatments and were processed for in situ hybridization using 35S antisense RNA synthesized from a 750-mer LH/hCG-R complementary DNA. In...
Methemoglobinemia Induced by a Topical Anesthetic Spray (Cetacaine)

In two seriously ill patients, cyanosis developed shortly after a topical anesthetic spray (Cetacaine) was used. In both cases the presence of methemoglobinemia was suggested by a discrepancy between the arterial oxygen tension and the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin, as measured spectrophotometrically. The characteristic responses of the spectrophotometric oximeter to blood containing different concentrations of methemoglobin are described. Physicians administering this topical anesthetic spray (Cetacaine) should be aware of the possible development of methemoglobinemia.
Association of carboxylic acids in aqueous solutions from conductivity data

Using precision conductivity data for aqueous carboxylic acid systems at 25 and 30°C, accurate thermodynamic ion association and dimerization equilibrium constants were determined. The data for formic, acetic, propionic and butyric acids are analyzed with the Fuoss-Hsia conductance equation as modified by Justice and Barthel. The treatment requires that triple ion formation is negligible.
Empirical bayes estimation of the mean of a “nonhomogeneous” finite population

Suppose , where Yidenotes the value of a characteristic of interest associated with the unit i(i=1,..., N). Ghosh and Meeden (1986) considered an empirical Bayes approach to the estimation of the finite population mean , under squared error loss and the model i=∊+∊i(i=1,…N), where θ, ∊1,…,∊n are independently distributed with and . In this paper we extend their results to the case where ∊i's are independent with , and , where 0 < c ≤ 1.
Schwinger-boson theory of the quantum XXZ model.

The quantum XXZ model is studied with the help of the Schwinger-boson formalism. The technique is particularly suited to describe the disordered state of low-dimensional quantum magnets. The Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation is employed to construct the saddle-point equations of the theory. The solution of these equations in one dimension yields the dependence of the Haldane gap as a function of the XY anisotropy.
Potential unintended consequences of health information exchange.

Accountable models of care delivery demand that health care provider organizations be able to exchange clinical data about the patient. The “Meaningful Use” program is helping to advance health information exchange by requiring physicians and hospitals to exchange clinical data about patients in order to qualify for incentive payments for electronic health records. Early studies demonstrate that the ability to exchange clinical data among provider organizations has the potential to improve clinical care. However, as with any technology, there is a risk of unintended consequences from health information exchange. This manuscript outlines seven aspects of health information exchange that, if not managed properly, may lead to unintended consequences. These categories are: (1) the desire for complete, accurate and timely data for decision making, (2) data management and presentation, (3) assuring routine use of health information exchange, (4) consideration of patient perceptions and concerns, (5) reputational and financial concerns, (6) technical issues and (7) administrative aspects of health information exchange. Education about the capabilities and limitations of health information exchange, along with checklists to support proper implementation and assure that systems are being used as planned, can mitigate risks and help to realize the promise of this powerful technology.
Second-stage ideal concentrators

A large class of ideal second-stage concentrators is unified by the same formalism based on the edge principle. As a result, useful new second stages may be designed.
Residue specificity of an endonuclease isolated from Aerobacter sp

Abstract A ribonuclease partially purified from Aerobacter sp. has been found to exhibit specificity towards polycytidylic acid. Polyuridylic, polyguanylic, and polyadenylic acids are not attacked. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of polycytidylic acid to 2′,3′-cyclic CMP and di- and trinucleotides of cytidylic acid. In its reactivity towards yeast RNA the ribonuclease exhibits a distinct proclivity for internucleotide bonds containing cytidylic acid. This proclivity disappears with increasing length of incubation. The molecular weight estimated by sucrose density centrifugation and Sephadex gel filtration gives an average molecular weight of 40 000.
How are the cognitive and non-cognitive aspects of emotion related?

Most scholars of emotions concede that although cognitive evaluations are essential for emotion, they are not sufficient for it, and that other elements, such as bodily feelings, physiological sensations and behavioral expressions are also required. However, only a few discuss how these diverse aspects of emotion are related in order to form the unity of emotion. In this essay I examine the co-presence and the causal views, and I argue that neither view can account for the unity of emotions. In particular, both views face the problem of fortuitous connection, and, as a result, they fail to identify and distinguish an emotion from other mental states. Consequently, they fail to account for our first person authority over our emotions. I finally argue that only an internal, conceptual relation between the cognitive/evaluative and affective/physiological aspects of emotion can avoid such problems, and suggest that the Aristotelian distinction of form and matter can provide such internal relation.
Increased collagen synthesis and increased content of type VI collagen in myocardium of tight skin mice

Objective: The tight skin mouse (TSK) is a mutant strain characterised by excessive collagen accumulation in skin and some internal organs such as the heart. The aims of this study were (1) to examine in vitro collagen synthesis in TSK myocardium; (2) to determine myocardial content of type VI collagen in the same model; and (3) to examine the expression of one of the genes for type VI collagen in cultured TSK myocardial fibroblasts. Methods: Individual hearts from 8 month old heterozygous male TSK and normal sex and age matched mice were incubated with l4C proline. Total l4C protein and l4C collagen synthesis by myocardial tissues were determined with collagenase digestion and SDS gel electrophoresis. For determination of type VI collagen, hearts from 10 month old male TSK and normal mice were subjected to guanidine extraction followed by pepsin digestion, salt fractionation, and western blotting. Expression of the α2(VI) collagen gene was determined in myocardial fibroblasts cultured from TSK and normal mice, employing northern and dot blot hybridisations with a murine specific cDNA. Results: TSK hearts had up to twofold greater protein and collagen biosynthesis and 2.5-fold greater type VI collagen content (400 μg v 156 μg). Fibroblasts cultured from TSK mice hearts displayed up to threefold higher steady state concentrations of α2(VI) collagen mRNA than normal myocardial fibroblasts. Conclusions: Hearts from TSK mice showed increased protein and collagen biosynthesis and increased myocardial content of type VI collagen compared with hearts from age matched normal mice. Also, fibroblast cultures from TSK mice myocardium showed increased expression of the α2(VI) collagen gene, indicating that increased transcription of type VI collagen genes may be responsible for the accumulation of this collagen in myocardium from TSK mice. Cardiovascular Research 1993; 27 :1061-1065
Expression of estrogen receptor isoforms α and β messenger RNA in vaginal tissue of premenopausal and postmenopausal women

Abstract Objective: To determine the messenger RNA expression patterns of estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ in human vaginal tissue. Study Design: Reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction was performed on tissue samples of 75 patients having anterior colporrhaphy (25 premenopausal, 25 postmenopausal receiving estrogen replacement therapy [ERT], 25 postmenopausal not receiving ERT). Levels of mRNA were normalized and ratios were calculated to assess relative levels of expression. Results: All samples showed expression of the ERα isoform. Significant differences existed in ERα expression among the 3 cohorts ( P =.023). Greater differences ( P Conclusion: Significant differences exist between premenopausal and postmenopausal women in presence and expression of ERα and ERβ in vaginal tissue. Expression of ERβ markedly declines in menopause, regardless of ERT use. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185:1325–31.)
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF MELANOCYTES IN HUMAN PIEBALDISM.

Application of the modern technics of cell biology to the study of melanin pigmentation has led to significant advances during the last decade. Electron microscopy has made possible the certain identification of unmelanized melanocytes, and has revealed in melanocytes specialized cytoplasmic organelles that cannot be seen by light microscopy (1). Furthermore, isolation of these organelles by ultracentrifuga-tion has permitted their biochemical analysis (2). As a result, the various steps in the biosynthesis of melanin and the morphogenesis of the melanin granule are now reasonably well understood (3-5).
Adsorption, desorption and dissociation of N2 on W(110)

Abstract N 2 adsorbs molecularly on W(110) at T s ⩽ 100 K with high and nearly constant sticking coefficient ( s ≈ 0.7). Saturation coverage is estimated as N 2 / W = 0.7, from the p(4 × 1) LEED pattern seen at saturation and by analogy with CO adsorption. Desorption at ∼ 130–150 K seems to occur from more than a single binding state, even for partial coverages. The tightly bound component (75% of total N 2 adsorbed, independent of coverage) desorbs with first-order kinetics as shown by isothermal measurements with E = 10.3 kcal, v = 10 15 s −1 . Approximately 10% of total N 2 is converted to atomically bound N during desorption. The amount converted is independent of desorption temperature over the range 128–148 K, suggesting an activation energy equal to that of desorption of the tightly bound component, i.e. ∼ 10 kcal. This suggests that dissociation from preadsorbed N 2 occurs via a different channel than dissociation from impinging energetic N 2 molecules.
Catalytic hydrodesulfurization of a specialty agricultural chemical intermediate

Abstract The results of a laboratory-scale study on catalytic hydrodesulfurization of a novel type of orthoaminobenzyl sulfide are presented. Both the reactant and the desulfurized product are shown to be key intermediates in a recently developed route to a specialty-type agricultural herbicide product. Use of typical alumina supported cobalt-molybdate hydrotreating catalysts in slurry reactor experiments leads to severe decomposition of the reaction mixture. A sulfided carbon-supported cobalt-molybdate catalyst and various unsupported cobalt-molybdate catalysts give both high reactant conversion and high selectivity to the desired organic product. By interpretation of slurry reactor intrinsic kinetic data measured over a wide range of reaction conditions, various intrinsic reaction rate expressions are discriminated. Use of the preferred rate expression to predict the performance of several multiphase reactors for preliminary process design and development of process economics is also briefly described. The proposed catalytic hydrodesulfurization route provides the basis for a simpler process when compared to an alternate non-catalytic desulfurization method that employs quaternary ammonium salts.
The effect of oral 13-cis-retinoic acid on retinal redetachment after surgical repair in eyes with proliferative vitreoretinopathy

Purpose: To determine if postoperative oral 13- cis -retinoic acid alters the rate of recurrent retinal detachment in eyes undergoing surgery for proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Methods: Twenty eyes of 20 adult patients with a detachment due to PVR were identified after retrospective review of the patient records of a single vitreoretinal surgeon (EdJ) over an 18-month period (January 1992-August 1993). All 20 eyes underwent surgical repair using similar techniques. Ten patients received 40 mg oral 13- cis -retinoic acid twice daily for 4 weeks postoperatively (study group). The remaining ten patients did not (control group). The main outcome measure was retinal attachment or detachment. Results: No statistically significant differences in preoperative patient characteristics or surgical procedure were present between the groups. Nine of ten eyes in the study group remained attached during a mean follow-up of 8.3 months, whereas four of ten eyes in the control group remained attached ( P = 0.061) during a mean follow-up of 9.6 months. The rate of macular pucker was similar between the groups. The one eye in the study group that redetached did not have PVR. Of the six eyes in the control group that detached, four had 6 or more clock hours of PVR. The final visual acuity was better than 20/400 in six study eyes and four control eyes. Conclusions: Despite the small sample size and retrospective nature, the postoperative administration of oral 13- cis -retinoic acid appears to decrease proliferative vitreoretinopathy and increase the rate of retinal attachment after surgical repair. A prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial is warranted.
Control of spinning flexible spacecraft by modal synthesis

Abstract A procedure is presented for the active control of a spinning flexible spacecraft. Such a system exhibits gyroscopic effects. The design of the controller is based on modal decomposition of the gyroscopic system. This modal decoupling procedure leads to a control mechanism implemented in modular form, which represents a distinct computational advantage over the control of the coupled system. Design procedures are demonstrated for two types of control algorithms, linear and nonlinear. The first represents classical linear feedback approach and the second represents an application of on-off control, both types made feasible by the modal decomposition scheme.
An in vitro investigation of metabolically sensitive biomarkers in breast cancer progression

Epigenetic biomarkers are emerging as determinants of breast cancer prognosis. Breast cancer cells display unique alterations in major cellular metabolic pathways and it is becoming widely recognized that enzymes that regulate epigenetic alterations are metabolically sensitive. In this study, we used microarray data from the GEO database to compare gene expression for regulators of metabolism and epigenetic alterations among non-invasive epithelial (MCF-7, MDA-MB-361, and T-47D) and invasive mesenchymal (MDA-MB-231, Hs-578T, and BT-549) breast cancer cell lines. The expression of genes, including GLS1, GFPT2, LDHA, HDAC9, MYST2, and SUV420H2, was assessed using RT-PCR. There was differential expression between epithelial and mesenchymal cell lines. MYST2 and SUV420H2 regulate the levels of the epigenetic biomarkers histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation (H4K16ac) and histone H4 lysine 20 trimethylation (H4K20me3), respectively. Reduced amounts of H4K16ac and H4K20me3 correlated with lower levels of MYST2 and SUV420H2 in mesenchymal cells and, along with reduced amounts of histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac), were found to distinguish epithelial from mesenchymal cells. In addition, both GLS1 and GFPT2 play roles in glutamine metabolism and were observed to be more highly expressed in mesenchymal cell lines, and when glutamine and glutamate levels reported in the NCI-60 metabolomics dataset were compared, the ratio of glutamate/glutamine was found to be higher in mesenchymal cells. Blocking the conversion of glutamine to glutamate using an allosteric inhibitor, Compound 968, against GLS1, increased H4K16ac in T-47D and MDA-MB-231 cells, linking glutamine metabolism to a particular histone modification in breast cancer. These findings support the concept that metabolically sensitive histone modifications and corresponding histone modifying enzymes can be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer. It also further emphasizes the importance of glutamine metabolism in tumor progression and that inhibitors of cellular metabolic pathways may join histone deacetylase inhibitors as a form of epigenetic therapy.
Palladium catalyzed oxidation of amorphous carbon: A study by in situ transmission electron microscopy

Abstract Palladium clusters, 10-30 nm in size, were grown in UHV on amorphous carbon in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The Pd catalyzed oxidation of carbon was then followed in situ in the TEM between 720 and 800 K at a pressure p of O2 with 0.25
Organic Compounds as Effective Inhibitors for Hydrogen Permeation of Type 1010 Steel

Abstract Hydrogen permeation and corrosion inhibition characteristics of several organic compounds were studied on a type 1010 (UNS G10100) steel membrane in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid (HCl). Tafel ex...
The Effectiveness of Alternative Risk Assessment and Program Planning Tools in a Fraud Setting

This study examines the impact of alternative risk assessment (standard risk checklist versus no checklist) and program development (standard program versus no program) tools on two facets of fraud planning effectiveness: (1) the quality of audit procedures relative to a benchmark validated by a panel of experts, and (2) the propensity to consult fraud experts. A between-subjects experiment, using an SEC enforcement fraud case, was conducted to examine these relationships. Sixty-nine auditors made risk assessments and designed an audit program. We found that auditors who used a standard risk checklist, structured by SAS No. 82 risk categories, made lower risk assessments than those without a checklist. This suggests that the use of the checklist was associated with a less effective diagnosis of the fraud. We also found that auditors with a standard audit program designed a relatively less effective fraud program than those without this tool but were not more willing to seek consultation with fraud experts. This suggests that standard programs may impair auditors' ability to respond to fraud risk. Finally, our results show that fraud risk assessment (FRASK) was not associated with the planning of more effective fraud procedures but was directly associated with the desire to consult with fraud specialists. This suggests that one benefit of improved FRASK is its relation with consultation. Overall, the findings call into question the effectiveness of standard audit tools in a fraud setting and highlight the need for a more strategic reasoning approach in an elevated risk situation.
An examination of differences in symptom endorsements of autism spectrum disorders: a comparison between mothers and fathers.

Objective: Best assessment practices for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) incorporate both multimodal and multi-informant assessments. However, differences in symptoms reports from multiple informants can lead to diagnostic decision-making problems.Methods: Thus, the purpose of this paper was to examine differences in the reports of symptoms of ASD between parents (i.e. mothers and fathers) of children and adolescents that met research criteria for an ASD and additionally for a group of children that were typically-developing (n = 39).Results: There were differences in the number of symptoms endorsed between mothers and fathers.Conclusion: Implications of the current findings are discussed.
Existence of solutions in a singular biharmonic nonlinear problem

In this work we prove the existence and uniqueness of positive solutions of the nonlinear singular boundary value problemwhere 0<σ<1.Extensions of the above results to the case of Δ2u−f(x, u) = 0 with appropriate singularity built into f are also given.
Refining laboratory procedure for artificial RAP: A comparative study

Abstract Laboratory aged, “Artificial RAP” is often used in controlled experiments in order to simulate the performance of paving mixtures containing RAP. Many different methods have been used to generate artificial RAP and they often modify the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) R30 specification for oven aging gyratory compaction cylinders. Two modified AASHTO R30 methods were evaluated at 85 °C and 115 °C, as well as an artificial RAP created using PAV aged asphalt that had undergone one or two PAV cycles at 100 °C and short term aging. A staged extraction procedure using trichloroethylene solvent was used to evaluate a four layered binder system around the aggregate. Each layer was studied with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and an aging index is computed for comparison.
Wavelength referencing in single-mode microbend sensors

The strong wavelength dependence of microbending losses in single-mode fibers is utilized in wavelength referencing for fluctuation-free microbend sensors. Through fiber size and microbend periodicity, optimization of the wavelength dependence can be increased dramatically. The reference and signal wavelengths can be provided through the spectrum of a light-emitting diode.
Clinical trial of Second Step© middle-school program: Impact on aggression & victimization

Abstract School-based social-emotional (SEL) programs that address interpersonal conflict and teach emotion management have succeeded in reducing youth aggression among elementary school youth, with few studies in middle schools. Results of a two-year cluster-randomized (36 schools) clinical trial of Second Step Middle School Program (Committee for Children, 2008) on reducing aggression and victimization are presented. Teachers implemented 28 lessons (6th & 7th-grade) that focused on social emotional learning skills (e.g., empathy, problem-solving). All 6th graders (n = 3658) completed self-report measures assessing bullying, aggression, homophobic name-calling and sexual harassment at three waves. Multilevel analyses revealed significant intervention effects for two of the seven outcomes. Students in intervention schools were 56% less likely to self-report homophobic name-calling victimization and 39% less likely to report sexual violence perpetration than students in control schools in one state. SS-SSTP holds promise as an efficacious program to reduce homophobic name-calling and sexual violence in adolescent youth.
Escherichia coli mutator genes

The isolation and characterization of Escherichia coli mutator genes have led to a better understanding of DNA replication fidelity mechanisms and to the discovery of important DNA repair pathways and their relationship to spontaneous mutagenesis. Mutator strains in a population of cells can be beneficial in that they allow rapid selection of variants during periods of stress, such as drug exposure.
Repeated spike exposure to the insecticide chlorpyrifos interferes with the recovery of visual sensitivity in rats

Reports from Japan and India and data submissions to the US EPA indicate that exposure to cholinesterase (ChE)-inhibiting organophosphorous insecticides (OP) can produce ocular toxicity, in particular long-lasting changes in retinal physiology and anatomy. We have examined the effects of a 1 year dietary exposure to the OP chlorpyrifos (CPF) on retinal structure and function. Adult male Long-Evans rats were fed CPF in their diet at the rate of 0, 1 (low), or 5 (high) mg/kg body weight/day. In addition, half of each feeding group received an oral (spike) dose of CPF in corn oil (45 mg/kg) or corn oil (VEH) alone every 2 months, resulting in six exposure groups: Control-VEH, Control-CPF, Low-VEH, Low-CPF, High-VEH, and High-CPF. Dark-adapted electroretinograms (ERG) were measured 3-5 months (n= 15-18/group) after the completion of dosing. There were no significant differences between dose or spike groups in a-wave, b-wave, or oscillatory potential amplitudes or implicit times. In addition, the time course of dark adaptation were measured in a subset of these rats (6-8/group) eight months after the completion of dosing by determining the flash intensity needed to elicit a 40 microV b-wave at selected intervals after bleaching 90% of the photopigment. Rats receiving the episodic oral spike of CPF showed a slowed recovery of dark-adapted sensitivity compared to rats receiving the corn oil VEH across chronic dosing conditions. No effects were seen on retinal morphology. This result suggests that episodic high dose exposures to CPF may result in altered retinal function. This effect, akin to effects seen in aging humans and humans exposed to other ChE-inhibiting compounds, may reflect alterations in the photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) complex necessary for regenerating photopigment.
Lagrangian relaxation for testing infeasibility in VLSI routing

We present a technique for very large scale integrated VLSI circuit design that recognizes the infeasibility of connecting pairs of terminals on modules placed on a chip. The method is based on a novel application of Lagrangian relaxation. Positive empirical results obtained from difficult problems found both in the literature and in industry strongly support the usefulness of this method. It has been incorporated in the proprietary computer-aided integrated circuit design package used at Bell Communications Research Inc., that allows systems engineers to design integrated circuits independent of the manufacturing processes specified by the foundries making the chips. The method has resulted in a faster turnaround time in the Bell design process.
Medial patellofemoral ligament injury patterns and associated pathology in lateral patella dislocation: an MRI study

Lateral Patella dislocations are common injuries seen in the active and young adult populations. Our study focus was to evaluate medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) injury patterns and associated knee pathology using Magnetic Resonance Imaging studies. MRI studies taken at one imaging site between January, 2007 to January, 2008 with the final diagnosis of patella dislocation were screened for this study. Of the 324 cases that were found, 195 patients with lateral patellar dislocation traumatic enough to cause bone bruises on the lateral femoral trochlea and the medial facet of the patella were selected for this study. The MRI images were reviewed by three independent observers for location and type of MPFL injury, osteochondral defects, loose bodies, MCL and meniscus tears. The data was analyzed as a single cohort and by gender. This study consisted of 127 males and 68 females; mean age of 23 yrs. Tear of the MPFL at the patellar attachment occurred in 93/195 knees (47%), at the femoral attachment in 50/195 knees (26%), and at both the femoral and patella attachment sites in 26/195 knees (13%). Attenuation of the MPFL without rupture occurred in 26/195 knees (13%). Associated findings included loose bodies in 23/195 (13%), meniscus tears 41/195 (21%), patella avulsion/fracture in 14/195 (7%), medial collateral ligament sprains/tears in 37/195 (19%) and osteochondral lesions in 96/195 knees (49%). Statistical analysis showed females had significantly more associated meniscus tears than the males (27% vs. 17%, p = 0.04). Although not statistically significant, osteochondral lesions were seen more in male patients with acute patella dislocation (52% vs. 42%, p = 0.08). Patients who present with lateral patella dislocation with the classic bone bruise pattern seen on MRI will likely rupture the MPFL at the patellar side. Females are more likely to have an associated meniscal tear than males; however, more males have underlying osteochondral lesions. Given the high percentage of associated pathology, we recommend a MRI of the knee in all patients who present with acute patella dislocation.
A Two-Fluid Model of Mixing in a Two-Dimensional Enclosure

Mixing of fluids in a cavity under isothermal and nonisothermal conditions is studied with a two-fluid model. This model involves the solution of separate transport equations for zone-averaged variables of each fluid with allowance for interface transport of momentum and energy. The effects of thermal and potential energy driven convection as well as Prandtl number are investigated. The material interface is represented by the contour of the volume fraction separating the fluids. The effect of the buoyancy force due to the initial potential energy of the fluids is found to predominate over thermal buoyancy for comparable Grashof numbers
HTA principles need rigorous review

In the article “Are key principles for improved health technology assessment supported and used by health technology assessment organizations?” by Neumann et al. (3), the authors set out to evaluate the quality of processes used by health technology assessment (HTA) programs based on a set of principles they published in this journal previously (2). We believe that portions of the current article, as they relate to our own organization, are misleading or inaccurate, and welcome this opportunity to correct the inaccuracies.
Checklist of vertebrate damage to agriculture in Israel

Abstract A checklist of the damage caused by vertebrate species to agriculture in Israel is presented. Sixty-one species are reported to be of economic significance, 27 of which are mammalian, 32 avian and two reptilian. The damage was not only to plants and crops, but also to agricultural equipment, such as irrigation pipes.
A Personal Computer-based Speech Analysis And Synthesis System

An IBM PC XT enhanced with speech boards and added memory permits researchers to experiment in language synthesis before final commitment to a target speech synthesizer.
Tunable thermal response of ZnO nanowires

ZnO nanowires with the growth orientation undergo a reversible phase transformation from wurtzite (WZ) to a graphitic phase (HX) under tensile loading, leading to a pseudoelastic behavior with recoverable strains up to 16%. Here, we report that this phase transform causes a novel transition in thermal response. Molecular dynamics simulations with the Green–Kubo approach are carried out to determine the thermal responses of wires in the 18.95–40.81 A size range. Results obtained show that the thermal conductivity in the unstressed WZ state is 8.3–8.6 W m−1 K−1 for the sizes considered and is an order of magnitude lower than the corresponding bulk value. Under loading, elastic stretching and the formation of interfaces cause the thermal conductivity to first decrease significantly. As the transformation progresses, the conductivity increases rapidly to 10.1–11.1 W m−1 K−1, or 20.5–28.5% higher than that of the initial WZ-structured wires. The enhancement is primarily due to an increase in atomic packing density, lower anharmonic coupling of phonons and higher surface specularities of the HX-structured wires. This phenomenon offers a means for tuning the thermal behavior of ZnO nanowires.
Mikroanalytische Bestimmung der Phosphorsäure nach der Molybdatmethode

Es wird uber Versuche zur Bestimmung kleiner Mengen Phosphorsaure nach der Methode von F. L. Sonnenschein berichtet. Die Phosphorsaure wird als Magnesiumammoniumphosphat-Hexahydrat zur Wagung gebracht. Die angegebenen Beleganalysen zeigen eine grosste Abweichung von 0,07% (bezogen auf den P2O5-Gehalt) von der Theorie. Im Filtrat vom Ammoniumphosphormolybdat-Niederschlag konnen weitere Bestandteile bestimmt werden, da die Entfernung des nur in geringem Uberschusse zur Anwendung gelangenden Molybdatreagenses keine Schwierigkeit bietet.
Manganese L-Edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Manganese Catalase from Lactobacillus plantarum and Mixed Valence Manganese Complexes

The first Mn L-edge absorption spectra of a Mn metalloprotein are presented in this paper. Both reduced and superoxidized Mn catalase have been examined by fluorescence-detected soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and their Mn L-edge spectra are dramatically different. The spectrum of reduced Mn(II)Mn(II) catalase has been interpreted by ligand field atomic multiplet calculations and by comparison to model compound spectra. The analysis finds a 10 Dq value of ∼1.1 eV, consistent with coordination by predominately nitrogen and oxygen donor ligands. For interpretation of mixed valence Mn spectra, an empirical simulation procedure based on the addition of homovalent model compound spectra has been developed and was tested on a variety of Mn complexes and superoxidized Mn catalase. This routine was also used to determine the oxidation state composition of the Mn in [Ba8Na2ClMn16(OH)8(CO3)4L8]·53H2O (L = 1,3-diamino-2-hydroxypropane-N,N,N‘,N‘-tetraacetic acid).
A history and evaluation of System R

System R, an experimental database system, was constructed to demonstrate that the usability advantages of the relational data model can be realized in a system with the complete function and high performance required for everyday production use. This paper describes the three principal phases of the System R project and discusses some of the lessons learned from System R about the design of relational systems and database systems in general.
Molecular dynamics simulations of CO2 reduction on Cu(111) and Cu/ZnO(10 1¯ 0) using charge optimized many body potentials

Abstract Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with charge optimized many body (COMB) empirical potentials are used to examine the electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction behavior of Cu(111) surfaces and Cu in the form of either a monolayer or nanoparticle supported on ZnO(10 1 ¯ 0). The MD simulations primarily focus on reactions starting from key intermediates as identified by the DFT calculations. The products formed in the simulations agree well with those that are experimentally measured, which suggests these computational methods can both describe and provide improved understanding of the fundamentals associated with the catalytic reduction of CO 2 .
Apolipoprotein E as a β-amyloid-independent factor in Alzheimer's disease

APOE, which encodes apolipoprotein E, is the most prevalent and best established genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. Current understanding of Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology posits an important role for apolipoprotein E in the disease cascade via its interplay with β-amyloid. However, evidence is also emerging for roles of apolipoprotein E in the disease process that are independent of β-amyloid. Particular areas of interest are lipid metabolism, tau pathology, neuroenergetics, neurodevelopment, synaptic plasticity, the neurovasculature, and neuroinflammation. The intent of this article is to review the literature in each of these areas.
A Review of: “Pervaporation Membrane Separation Processes”

Abstract R. Y. M. Huang, ed. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1991 hardbound, 549 pages, $168.50
Targeting antioxidants to mitochondria: A new therapeutic direction

Mitochondria play an important role in controlling the life and death of a cell. Consequently, mitochondrial dysfunction leads to a range of human diseases such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, sepsis, and diabetes. Although the molecular mechanisms responsible for mitochondria-mediated disease processes are not fully elucidated yet, the oxidative stress appears to be critical. Accordingly, strategies are being developed for the targeted delivery of antioxidants to mitochondria. In this review, we shall briefly discuss cellular reactive oxygen species metabolism and its role in pathophysiology; the currently existing antioxidants and possible reasons why they are not effective in ameliorating oxidative stress-mediated diseases; and recent developments in mitochondrially targeted antioxidants and their future promise for disease treatment.
Identification of Interleukin 1 Receptor-associated Kinase as a Conserved Component in the p75-Neurotrophin Receptor Activation of Nuclear Factor-κB *

The neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF) supports neuronal survival by activating the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). We report here, for the first time, the identification of p75-associated kinase that mediates NGF-driven NF-κB activation. Using co-immunoprecipitation, we demonstrate an NGF-dependent association of interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) with the p75 neurotrophin receptor in PC12 cells. Our results reveal that IRAK is recruited to the p75-NGF receptor leading to formation of a complex between IRAK, atypical protein kinase C interacting protein, p62, and TRAF6. Activation of NF-κB occurs predominantly through the p75 receptor, and TrkA activity suppresses NF-κB activation and retards IκBβ degradation. In addition, we observe a requirement for the kinase activity of IRAK in mediating NGF-induced NF-κB activation, recruitment of the adapter protein p62 to the p75 receptor, and cell survival. Moreover, p75-IRAK-mediated κB activation and the recruitment of IKKβ, but not IKKα, to the receptor require p62. Altogether, our data provide novel information regarding the proximal components involved in p75 receptor signaling and underscore the importance of the atypical PKC interacting protein p62 in this process.
Déficit de integración sensorial: efectos a largo plazo sobre la ocupación y el juego

El impacto de los deficit de integracion sensorial sobre las ocupaciones ha sido ampliamente descrito en ninos. Sin embargo, su efecto a largo plazo, en adolescentes y adultos, ha permanecido mas velado. Este documento enfoca las consecuencias de este problema en el futuro del individuo, que deben ser tomadas en cuenta por la Terapia Ocupacional al tratar a ninos con deficit de integracion sensorial. Respecto a la influencia del deficit de integracion sensorial sobre las ocupaciones futuras, podemos apreciar dos tipos de patrones. El primero, de busqueda de sensaciones y actividades de alto riesgo, aparece en personas que durante su infancia han presentado hiposensitividad en el sistema vestibular y propioceptivo, y dificultades de modulacion. El segundo, de desorganizacion, se observa en individuos que presentaron dificultades en programacion motora o dispraxias. Estos patrones deben ser identificados temprano en la vida, para que la intervencion tenga un impacto en la narrativa futura del nino.
REASSESSING MASS SUPPORT FOR POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC CHANGE IN THE FORMER USSR

Cet article reexamine les conclusions de Finifter et Mickiewicz (1992) a partir de donnees collectees en Russie, Ukraine et Lituanie entre 1990 et 1992. L'analyse montre une relation importante entre les orientations pour les reformes politiques et economiques. Ceux qui preferent des reformes politiques d'une nature democratique sont egalement partisans d'une reduction de l'intervention de l'Etat dans son role de garant du bien-etre social. De plus, les conclusions, en totale contradiction avec celles de Finifter et al., montrent que les sovietiques ayant recus une education sont plus susceptibles de preferer une responsabilite individuelle en matiere de bien-etre, que ne le sont les personnes moins eduquees
A Set of Lacz Mutations in Escherichia Coli That Allow Rapid Detection of Specific Frameshift Mutations

We have used site-directed mutagenesis to alter bases in lacZ near the region encoding essential residues in the active site of beta-galactosidase. The altered sequences generate runs of six or seven identical base pairs which create a frameshift, resulting in a Lac- phenotype. Reversion to Lac+ in each strain can occur only by a specific frameshift at these sequences. Monotonous runs of A's (or of T's on the opposite strand) and G's (or C's) have been constructed, as has an alternating -C-G- sequence. These specific frameshift indicator strains complement a set of six previously described strains which detect each of the base substitutions. We have examined a variety of mutagens and mutators for their ability to cause reversion to Lac+. Surprisingly, frameshifts are well stimulated at many of these runs by ethyl methanesulfonate, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and 2-amino-purine, mutagens not widely known to induce frameshifts. A comparison of ethyl methanesulfonate, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and 2-aminopurine frameshift specificity with that found with a mutH strain suggests that these mutagens partially or fully saturate or inactivate the methylation-directed mismatch repair system and allow replication errors leading to frameshifts to escape repair. This results in a form of indirect mutagenesis, which can be detected at certain sites.
Trypanosoma brucei RBP16 Is a Mitochondrial Y-box Family Protein with Guide RNA Binding Activity

Trypanosoma brucei mitochondria possess a unique mechanism of mRNA maturation called RNA editing. In this process, uridylate residues are inserted and deleted posttranscriptionally into pre-mRNA to create translatable messages. The genetic information for RNA editing resides in small RNA molecules called guide RNAs (gRNAs). Thus, proteins in direct contact with gRNA are likely to catalyze or influence RNA editing. Herein we characterize an abundant gRNA-binding protein fromT. brucei mitochondria. This protein, which we term RBP16 (for RNA-binding protein of 16 kDa), binds to different gRNA molecules. The major determinant of this interaction is the oligo(U) tail, present on the 3′-ends of gRNAs. RBP16 forms multiple, stable complexes with gRNAin vitro, and immunoprecipitation experiments provide evidence for an association between RBP16 and gRNA within T. brucei mitochondria. Mature RBP16 contains a cold shock domain at the N terminus and a C-terminal region rich in arginine and glycine. The presence of the cold shock domain places RBP16 as the first organellar member of the highly conserved Y-box protein family. The arginine and glycine rich C terminus in combination with the cold shock domain predicts that RBP16 will be involved in the regulation of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level.
First and second cattle passage of transmissible mink encephalopathy by intracerebral inoculation.

To compare clinicopathologic findings of transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) with other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE, prion diseases) that have been shown to be experimentally transmissible to cattle (sheep scrapie and chronic wasting disease (CWD)), two groups of calves (n 5 4 each) were intracerebrally inoculated with TME agents from two different sources (mink with TME and a steer with TME). Two uninoculated calves served as controls. Within 15.3 months postinoculation, all animals from both inoculated groups developed clinical signs of central nervous system (CNS) abnormality; their CNS tissues had microscopic spongiform encephalopathy (SE); and abnormal prion protein (PrP res ) as detected in their CNS tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot (WB) techniques. These findings demonstrate that intracerebrally inoculated cattle not only amplify TME PrP res but also develop clinical CNS signs and extensive lesions of SE. The latter has not been shown with other TSE agents (scrapie and CWD) similarly inoculated into cattle. The findings also suggest that the diagnostic techniques currently used for confirmation of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) would detect TME in cattle should it occur naturally. However, it would be a diagnostic challenge to differentiate TME in cattle from BSE by clinical signs, neuropathology, or the presence of PrP res by IHC and WB.
The plasma membrane proteins Prm1 and Fig1 ascertain fidelity of membrane fusion during yeast mating.

As for most cell–cell fusion events, the molecular details of membrane fusion during yeast mating are poorly understood. The multipass membrane protein Prm1 is the only known component that acts at the step of bilayer fusion. In its absence, mutant mating pairs lyse or arrest in the mating reaction with tightly apposed plasma membranes. We show that deletion of FIG 1, which controls pheromone-induced Ca2+ influx, yields similar cell fusion defects. Although extracellular Ca2+ is not required for efficient cell fusion of wild-type cells, cell fusion in prm1 mutant mating pairs is dramatically reduced when Ca2+ is removed. This enhanced fusion defect is due to lysis. Time-lapse microscopy reveals that fusion and lysis events initiate with identical kinetics, suggesting that both outcomes result from engagement of the fusion machinery. The yeast synaptotagmin orthologue and Ca2+ binding protein Tcb3 has a role in reducing lysis of prm1 mutants, which opens the possibility that the observed role of Ca2+ is to engage a wound repair mechanism. Thus, our results suggest that Prm1 and Fig1 have a role in enhancing membrane fusion and maintaining its fidelity. Their absence results in frequent mating pair lysis, which is counteracted by Ca2+-dependent membrane repair.