cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reperfusion Arrhythmias during Coronary Reperfusion Therapy in Man: Clinical and Angiographic Correlations

We hypothesized that patients suffering acute myocardial infarction who have reperfusion arrhythmias (RPA) during intracoronary streptokinase infusion (ICSK) would have different clinical and angiographic characteristics and a larger infarction size than those who achieved reperfusion without RPA. Of 35 patients who received intracoronary streptokinase, 27 had successful reperfusion documented by angiography. Successful reperfusion was accompanied by RPA in eight patients and no RPA in 19 patients. RPA included episodes of ventricular tachycardia in one, idioventricular rhythm in four, junctional bradycardia in one, or AV block in two patients which occurred at the time of reperfusion. Myocardial infarction size was calculated using creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) isoenzyme time activity curves using standard methods. The mean CK-MB g equivalents (eq) for those with RPA was 71 ± 25 (± 1 SD) and for those with no RPA was 45±24 (p
The Visibility of Commuting Costs and Residential Location

The purpose of this paper is to show that the failure to perceive the full burden of commuting costs can bias the residential location decision in favor of distant locations. Initially, the argument is developed. Then, Federal Housing Administration data on the site expenditures of families purchasing single-family dwellings in the United States are used as a basis for an empirical investigation, the results of which are shown to be consistent with the argument.
A point-correspondence approach to describing the distribution of image features on anatomical surfaces, with application to atrial fibrillation

This paper describes a framework for summarizing and comparing the distributions of image features on anatomical shape surfaces in populations. The approach uses a point-based correspondence model to establish a mapping among surface positions and may be useful for anatomy that exhibits a relatively high degree of shape variability, such as cardiac anatomy. The approach is motivated by the MRI-based study of diseased, or fibrotic, tissue in the left atrium of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients, which has been difficult to measure quantitatively using more established image and surface registration techniques. The proposed method is to establish a set of point correspondences across a population of shape surfaces that provides a mapping from any surface to a common coordinate frame, where local features like fibrosis can be directly compared. To establish correspondence, we use a previously-described statistical optimization of particle-based shape representations. For our atrial fibrillation population, the proposed method provides evidence that more intense and widely distributed fibrosis patterns exist in patients that do not respond well to radiofrequency ablation therapy.
Studies of DBCP in subsoils

Abstract Studies of DBCP in subsoils at four locations in the San Joaquin Valley show that: 1) DBCP can be found in subsoils between the ground surface and the water table in parts per billion (of dry soil) amounts; 2) Clays and silts adsorb higher levels of DBCP and may not act as barriers to downward movement of DBCP; and 3) DBCP is persistent in soil, remaining in the top soil at one site six to seven years after a single application. Water-run or shank injection application of DBCP to soil is a likely cause of DBCP contamination of groundwater in the study areas. The potential for contaminating groundwater as a result of sprinkler application of DBCP requires additional study.
The Importance of Ethical Training for the Improvement of Ethical Decision-Making: Evidence from Germany and the United States.

Abstract Based on three independent samples from Germany and the United States, this exploratory, cross-cultural study examines empirically the importance of ethical training for the improvement of ethical decision-making. The results of the study reveal a significant difference in the use of corporate codes of conduct and ethical training, as well as ethical decision-making between German and US business practitioners, and provide empirical evidence for the significant and positive impact of ethical training on practitioners' ethical decision-making across cultures. Implications of our results for teaching in international business are discussed.
Generalized moment based estimation and inference

In this paper we consider the case of the general linear statistical model, where the stochastic design matrix has the property that its expectation and probability limits with the vector of unobserved disturbances does not equal to a zero vector and moreover, the explanatory and/or instrumental variables are ill-conditioned. In this context, we contemplate generalized moment based estimating functions that may be biased, and for which the corresponding system of moment conditions are overdetermined. To cope with this situation, we propose a new estimator with attractive finite and asymptotic sampling properties and that result in entropic densities on model parameters.
Esthtetic splinting of mobile periodontally involved teeth by vertical pinning

Abstract A method of splinting teeth by use of a bar and several pin and tube assemblies of a special design has been described. This method provides a simple and conservative means of esthetically stabilizing teeth loosened by periodontal disease which otherwise might be lost. This is a preliminary report, and continued efforts should improve and perfect these techniques.
Non-linear stability around the triangular libration points

The configuration space around the triangular libration points in the Earth-Moon system is partitioned according to the stability of the motion. The regions around L4 and L5 are established where particles placed with zero initial velocity will librate. The complexity of the partitioning is revealed.
Synthesis of new RNA species prior to estradiol-induced vitellinogenesis.

Estradiol-17β stimulates the incorporation of labeled uridine into all classes of liver RNA in the oviparous lizard, Uta stansburiana. The fractionation of 3H- and 14C-labeled RNA (MAK column chromatography or density gradient centrifugation) indicates that the general pattern of uridine incorporation into RNA is similar in control and estradiol-treated animals. However, DNA-RNA hybridization assays indicate there are clear differences between theliver RNA populations from control and estradiol- pretreated animals. The hormonal effect appears to be basically stimulatory, at least terms of rapidly labeled RNA species. It is concluded that estradiol stimulates the synthesis of all general classes of RNA and, in addition, induces (directly or indirectly) the transcription of new RNA species which are, at least in part, essential for yolk protein synthesis. (Endocrinology 84: 738, 1969)
Chronic pain, social withdrawal, and depression.

Wallace et al1 used an effective combination of qualitative methods, ie, photographs taken by patients with accompanying narratives, interviews, and focus group sessions, to elicit descriptions of the daily realities of living with chronic pain from the patient perspective. The details are intimate and poignant. Patients tell of how they must curtail everyday activities in order to cope with the discomfort, of their frustration in trying to relay their situation to others, and of their despair at the thick-skinned reception they sometimes get because pain presents differently from other ailments. Primary care physicians will learn a lot from these images, particularly with regard to depression as a comorbidity of chronic pain. I would like to briefly conjecture on the connection between social withdrawal reluctantly acceded to and the emergence of depression. The patients in this study are keenly aware of how much effort is involved in maintaining an extended network of relationships. Family, friends, coworkers, neighbors, teachers – the entire dramatis personae that adults interact with on the daily stage – each requires a measure of continuous affirmation. In contemporary Western society, self-confidence and identity are assembled from the expressive bricolage of these interactions, from the receptions that are given and received. Once patients are constrained to pull back from ordinary activities, a large part of their social universe, and the affective life that depends on it, quickly deteriorates. The collapse of one’s social world can precipitate feelings of panic, emptiness, anger, hurt, sadness, and a range of other emotions linked to depression. Primary care physicians should consider the possibility that depression arising from involuntary social isolation is not a psychiatric disorder, but a normal human reaction to the awful consequences of chronic pain. Here, surely, is an unambiguous warrant for an early, robust, and compassionate intervention, one aimed at relieving symptoms and restoring engagement, before irreparable damage has been done.
Impact of hydrogen on the electroforming of Pr 0.7 Ca 0.3 MnO 3 resistance-change memory devices

The effect of hydrogen on the electroforming of thin films of RF-sputtered Pr 0.7 Ca 0.3 MnO 3 (PCMO) was studied. We sputtered a series of samples with 0% to 5% H 2 in the 9∶1 Ar∶O 2 sputtering plasma. During constant-voltage forming, a large transient current was observed in the samples sputtered in H-containing plasma. The integrated charge of this step response correlates with the signal intensity of metal-OH bonds in ATR-FTIR scans. It is suggested that the transient component of the step response represents an ionic current due to mobile H+ ions. An in-situ hydrogen barrier layer, 5 nm of Al2O3, was evaluated on PCMO films sputtered with 0% and 1% hydrogen in the plasma. The comparison demonstrates that both controlling hydrogen and encapsulation are necessary to improve device-to-device reproducibility.
Social support mediates the association of health literacy and depression among racially/ethnically diverse smokers with low socioeconomic status.

Nearly half of U.S. adults have health literacy (HL) difficulties, and lack the ability to effectively obtain, process, and understand health information. Poor HL is associated with depression, yet mechanisms of this relation are unclear. This study examined whether social support mediated the relation between HL and depressive symptoms in 200 low-socioeconomic status (SES), racially/ethnically diverse smokers enrolled in cessation treatment. Mediation analyses were conducted using bootstrapping and controlling for SES and nicotine dependence. In simple mediation models, social support [Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL) total, subscales (Appraisal, Belonging, Tangible)] mediated the effect of HL on depression, such that lower HL was associated with lower perceived support, which predicted higher depressive symptoms (ps < .05). A multiple mediation model, with ISEL subscales entered simultaneously as mediators, was significant (p < .05) but only the Belonging subscale demonstrating independent significance (p < .05). Thus, social support may be a critical factor underlying the HL–depression relationship in low-SES, racially/ethnically diverse smokers.
The Relationship Between Elementary Principals' Visionary Leadership and Students' Reading Performance

Abstract This article focuses on elementary principals as instructional leaders, as well as public school initiatives and educational accountability in the United States. It presents the methodology, instrumentation, measures of academic achievement in Florida, data collection, and processing procedures. Finally, it presents data analysis, results of the study, implications, and recommendations for further research.
Thermostable, ammonium-activated malic enzyme of Clostridium thermocellum

‘Malic’ enzyme (l-malate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating, EC 1.1.1.40) was purified from Clostridium thermocellum by DEAE-cellulose, agarose-NADP and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. The 117-fold purified ‘malic’ enzyme displayed a maximum activity of 135 units/mg at 40°C and represented 0.8% of the total cell protein. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the protein suggested 90% purity and an approximate tetrameric subunit molecular weight of 40 000. The enzyme absolutely required both bivalent and monovalent cations for catalysis. Mn2+ and NH4+ were the most effective cationic activators examined. Increasing NH4+ concentration increased both enzyme activity and affinity toward l-malate. The apparent Km for l-malate was 3 · 10−4 M at 0.4 mM NH4Cl. Enzyme activity increased linearly when temperature was raised between 22–60°C and a Q10 of 2.1 was calculated from an Arrhenius plot. The enzyme was stable to heating at 60°C but was denatured at higher temperatures. The enzyme half-life was 10 min at 72°C. The enzyme displayed a broad pH optimum (7.2–8.2 for Tris-HCl buffer) but was inactivated by p-chloromercuribenzoate. The high thermal stability, low apparent molecular weight and NH4+ activation are properties not common to all previously described ‘malic’ enzymes.
Inventing the personal health technology marketplace - Improving care, lowering costs and the impact of an aging world population

Intel-GE Care Innovations™ is a unique joint venture between Intel Corporation and GE which combined forces—GE's expertise in healthcare and Intel's expertise in technology— to change the way care and solutions are delivered.
Dynamic externalities and spatial innovation diffusion: implications for peripheral regions

In recent years, the regional economic development literature has devoted a great deal of attention to dynamic knowledge externalities and to industrial clusters as sources of innovation. It is argued here that this literature has tended to neglect the importance of long-distance collaboration and knowledge diffusion. Moreover, regional development policies need to give more attention to human resource issues.
LIN-14 Inhibition of LIN-12 Contributes to Precision and Timing of C. elegans Vulval Fate Patterning

Studies of C. elegans vulval development have illuminated mechanisms underlying cell fate specification and elucidated intercellular signaling pathways [1]. The vulval precursor cells (VPCs) are spatially patterned during the L3 stage by the EGFR-Ras-MAPK-mediated inductive signal and the LIN-12/Notch-mediated lateral signal. The pattern is both precise and robust [2] because of crosstalk between these pathways [3]. Signaling is also regulated temporally, because constitutive activation of the spatial patterning pathways does not alter the timing of VPC fate specification [4, 5]. The heterochronic genes, including the microRNA lin-4 and its target lin-14, constitute a temporal control mechanism used in different contexts [6-8]. We find that lin-4 specifically controls the activity of LIN-12/Notch through lin-14, but not other known targets, and that persistent lin-14 blocks LIN-12 activity without interfering with the key events of LIN-12/Notch signal transduction. In the L2 stage, there is sufficient lin-14 activity to inhibit constitutive lin-12. Our results suggest that lin-4 and lin-14 contribute to spatial patterning through temporal gating of LIN-12. We propose that in the L2 stage, lin-14 sets a high threshold for LIN-12 activation to help prevent premature activation of LIN-12 by ligands expressed in other cells in the vicinity, thereby contributing to the precision and robustness of VPC fate patterning.
Modality and abstract concepts

Our concerns fall into three areas: (1) Barsalou fails to make clear what simulators are (vs. what they do); (2) activation of perceptual areas of the brain during thought does not distinguish between the activation's being constitutive of concepts or a mere causal consequence (Barsalou needs the former); and (3) Barsalou's attempt to explain how modal symbols handle abstraction fails.
Control of uremic bone disease: role of vitamin D analogs.

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SH) is a universal complication of chronic renal failure. In early renal failure, alteration in vitamin D metabolism plays a key role in the development of SH1,2,3,4. Low levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 and decreased repression of the PTH gene transcription may allow a greater synthesis and secretion of PTH. As renal disease progresses, the number of vitamin D receptors (VDR) in the parathyroid glands (PTG) decrease5,6,7,8; thus, the PTG becomes resistant to the action of 1,25(OH)2D3. In addition, "uremic toxins" may further decrease the suppressive effect of 1,25(OH)2D39. Concomitantly with the above-described alterations, hyperplasia of the PTG develops and a decreased number of calcium receptors (CaR)10,11 further increases the resistance of the PTG to serum ICa. Thus, higher serum calcium is necessary to suppress SH. Recently, investigators examined the clonality of hyperplastic tumors using X-chromosome inactivation analysis12. In about two thirds of uremic patients with refractory S.H. harbored at least one monoclonal parathyroid tumor. Phosphate independent of serum Ca and 1,25(OH)2D3 increases PTH synthesis and secretion by a post-transcriptional mechanism13,14,15,16,17,18,19. Dietary phosphate also regulates parathyroid growth20. Low phosphate diet increases p21, a repressor of the cell cycle and inhibitor of parathyroid gland hyperplasia, while high phosphate enhances transforming growth factor alpha (TGF) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) known to play an important role on cell proliferation.
The effect of the Co-anion, SCN−, on macrocycle-facilitated selective transport of Cd (II) over Ag (I) in an emulsion membrane☆

Abstract Emulsion membrane systems consisting of (1) an aqueous source phase containing 0.001 M Cd (NO 3 ) 2 and/or 0.001 M AgNO 3 and varying concentrations of SCN − , (2) a toluene membrane containing dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DC18C6) (0.02 M ) and the surfactant Span 80 (sorbitan monooleate) (3% v/v), and (3) an aqueous receiving phase containing MgS 2 O 3 or Mg (NO 3 ) 2 were studied with respect to the disappearance of Cd (II) and/or Ag (I) from the source phase as a function of time. The transport rate of Cd (II) was highest when a maximum amount of the Cd(II) in the source phase was present as Cd(SCN) 2 ([SCN − ] =0.4 M ). Cadmium(II) was transported over Ag(I), which is present mainly as Ag(SCN) 4 3− , by 5- and 55-fold in 5 minutes with 0.4 M SCN − in the source phase and 0.3 M S 2 O 2− 3 and 0.3 M NO − 3 , respectively, in the receiving phase. In these competitive experiments, the total percent of Cd (II) transported was 98 and 84, respectively. The results are explained using the various equilibrium constants for cation-DC18C6, cation-SCN − and cation-S 2 O 2− 3 interactions. These results indicate that rapid transport occurs when a cation is present in the source phase as a neutral complex. Selectivity for neutral species can be designed into these membrane systems when other cations interact with the source-phase anion to form charged species. Emulsion systems like those above were studied with respect to the appearance of Li + in the source phase as a measure of membrane breakage. Maximum membrane stability was obtained when the ionic strengths of the source and receiving phases were equal.
A simple quantitative method to determine short chain fatty acid levels in biological fluids

Abstract A simple method has been developed for quantitating acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, valeric, isocaproic, and caproic acids in intestinal fluids, feces and blood. The method utilizes extraction with ether and gas chromatography. It is accurate over a wide range of SCFA concentrations and appears to be applicable to any biological fluid.
The special status of instrumental reasons

The rationality of means-end reasoning is the bedrock of the Humean account of practical reasons. But the normativity of such reasoning can not be taken for granted. I consider and reject the idea that the normativity of instrumental reasoning can be explained – either in terms of its being constitutive of the very notion of having an end, or solely in terms of instrumental considerations. I argue that the instrumental principle is itself a brute norm, and that this is consistent with a Humean account of practical reasons.
Tracking Of Obscured Targets Via Generalized Correlation Measures

The tracking of partially obscured targets is an important problem. This paper shows that "non-classical" correlation measures using Lp norms offer great potential in this area. It is shown that as the "p" of the Lp norm is decreased from its normal ("classical") value of 2 the generalized cross-correlation function becomes, up to a point, increasingly immune to partial target obscuration. Optimum performance appears in the range p Pz 0.2. These "low p" correlation methods have a certain relationship to the maximum entropy methods, as shown in the paper. Numerical and graphical examples are presented.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Transcription and mass-spectroscopic proteomic studies of electron transport oxidoreductases in Dehalococcoides ethenogenes.

Summary Besides 19 potential reductive dehalogenase genes, the genome of Dehalococcoides ethenogenes strain 195 contains over 60 genes annotated as encoding oxidoreductases, including five hydrogenase complexes and a formate dehydrogenase (Fdh). Using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, we found that genes encoding a periplasmic Hup hydrogenase and the Fdh were the most highly expressed in batch-grown pure cultures, in which the H2 partial pressure was > 0.1 atm, and in butyrate/tetrachloroethene-mixed cultures, in which H2 partial pressures were 10−4−10−5 atm. Shotgun electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) tandem mass spectrometry were used to identify multiple peptides in pure culture membrane-enriched fractions matching several highly expressed respiratory enzymes, including three hydrogenases, two reductive dehalogenases, Fdh and DET1407, a 105.5-kDa protein we propose to be part of an S-layer cell wall. Both transcript and mass spectrometric approaches indicated that the putative Fdh was an important oxidoreductase in these cells; nevertheless, D. ethenogenes cultures could not use formate as an electron donor for reductive dechlorination. Analysis of the gene encoding the large subunit of Fdh indicated that while it was related to other Fdh proteins, its sequence encodes serine rather than cysteine or selenocysteine at a critical position, casting doubt on its function. Overall, genomic and proteomic approaches have provided novel insights into the metabolism of this difficult to culture organism.
A simplified space vector based current controller for any general N-level converter

This paper proposes a simplified current controller for any general N-level converter based on space vector (SV) theory. Through the presented mapping technique between the subhexagon of the N-level converter and the hexagon of the two-level converter, the proper output voltage vector of the N-level converter can be identified to suppress harmonic current content in steady state and attain fast current response in transient state. Meanwhile, the redundant switching states of the voltage vectors can be used to reduce or balance the device power losses, and regulate floating capacitor voltages. The controller complexity is greatly reduced due to the use of very simple lookup tables, thus it can be easily extended to any general N-level converter. The proposed scheme is explained for a five-level active NPC converter and the simulation results are presented to prove its correctness.
Characterization of the ligand(s) responsible for negative selection of V beta 11- and V beta 12-expressing T cells: effects of a new Mls determinant.

During T cell development, events occur that result in the generation of a T cell population capable of recognizing foreign antigens in association with self major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene products. However, selective events also occur during thymic education that result in the deletion of T cells expressing alpha/beta T cell receptors with high affinity for self determinants alone, i.e., potentially self-reactive T cells. Both MHC- and non-MHC-encoded self antigens appear to play critical roles in this negative selection of self-reactive T cells. We recently observed that T cells expressing V beta 5, V beta 11, V beta 12, or V beta 16 products are deleted in most strains of H-2k type, but not in congenic H-2b strains. In contrast, the H-2k strain C58/J deleted V beta 5+ and V beta 16+ T cells, but failed to delete T cells expressing V beta 11 or V beta 12. Based upon this observation, in the present study we have analyzed the genetic regulation of the ligands responsible for deletion of V beta 11- and V beta 12-expressing T cells, and have tested the possibility that these ligands can function as strong alloantigens analogous to the known minor lymphocyte stimulatory (Mls)- and MHC-encoded antigens. Two major findings have resulted from these studies. First, the ligands recognized by V beta 11+ and V beta 12+ T cells were regulated by both MHC- and multiple non-MHC-encoded genes. Correlation between expression of these two V beta s in backcross animals suggested that shared, though not necessarily identical, ligands mediate deletion of V beta 11- and V beta 12-expressing T cells. Second, the ligand for deletion of V beta 11- and V beta 12-expressing T cells functions as a newly defined Mls alloantigen that stimulates primary proliferative responses in T cell populations from mice that express V beta 11+ and V beta 12+ T cells.
Ovule fates in Epilobium obcordatum (Onagraceae)

We investigated the fates of ovules following selfand cross-pollination of the variably self-sterile Epilobium obcordatum by observing thin sections of ovaries 4, 5, and 10 d postpollination (PP). Three types of unfertilized ovules were observed: apparently normal ovules not entered by pollen tubes, nonfunctional ovules with a nucellus but lacking an embryo sac, and empty ovules with integuments but lacking a nucellus. The average frequencies for all three types were not different for selfs and crosses. Fertilization frequencies did not differ among pollination treatments, averaging 61.4% of the total sample of 4 and 5 d PP ovules. The phenotypes of failing postfertilization ovules at 4 and 5 d PP included those containing preglobular and globular embryos lacking endosperm, ovules with endosperm but no embryo present, and failing embryos in the presence of endosperm. Selfand cross-fertilized 10 d PP ovules also possessed heart-stage and torpedo-stage failing embryos. Early embryo failures (5 d PP) were distributed throughout the length of the ovary, as expected if failures are the consequence of factors intrinsic to each ovule. The sizes of normally developing selfand cross-fertilized embryos were not different at 4 d PP The 5 d PP cross embryos were larger than selfs. A comparison of 10 d samples was not possible due to attrition of self embryos. Although ovular position did not affect the probability of early embryo failure, it did affect the size of normally developing embryos at 4, 5, and 10 d PP, with embryos at the stylar end larger than those at the basal end.
Diabetes: Elevated risk of mortality in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with increased risk of mortality, despite improvements in management of glucose levels and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors. A population-based study of individuals with T1DM and control individuals matched for age and sex has used glycaemic control to characterize the excess risk of overall and cardiovascular mortality.
Analysis of Clinical and Dosimetric Factors Influencing Acute Esophagitis in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Concurrent Chemotherapy and Three Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy

Materials/Methods: Clinical results were analyzed retrospectively for 241 NSCLC patients treated with concurrent chemotherapy and definitive 3D-CRT during 1999–2003 at our center. Acute esophagitis was assessed using CTC 2.0 criteria. Dose distributions and DVHs of esophagus were calculated from 3DCRT treatment plans according to physical dose and biological equivalent dose (2Gy/fraction). Univariate logistic analyses were performed to evaluate the risk of grade-3 and above acute esophagitis among the following clinical factors: gender, age, KPS, cardiovascular disease, tumor location, N-stage, clinical stage, prescription dose, fraction per day, induction chemotherapy and agents. Dosimetrical factors analyzed were: relative and absolute esophagus volume treated above certain doses, and mean dose and total volume of esophagus. Factors with statistical significance in the univariate analysis were included in the subsequent multivariate analysis with forward step-wise inclusion of variables.
Stop the Student Press: Editorial Cartooning on College Campuses

In Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier ( 1988 ), the U.S. Supreme Court refused to extend free press protections to student newspapers at the high school level, supporting an administrator's decision to remove two articles prior to publication. The majority held that “First Amendment rights of students are not automatically coextensive with the rights of adults in other settings, and must be applied in light of the special characteristics of the school environment.” They claimed that school newspapers were not a “forum for public expression,” and authorized the prior restraint exercised by the administrator “so long as [his] actions [were] reasonably related to legitimate pedagogical concerns.”
Adaptive data access in broadcast-based wireless environments

Power conservation and client waiting time reduction are two important aspects of data access efficiency in broadcast-based wireless communication systems. The intention of data access methods is to optimize client power consumption with the least possible overhead on client waiting time. We propose an adaptive data access method which builds on the strengths of indexing and hashing techniques. We show that this method exhibits better average performance over the well-known index tree-based access methods. A new performance model is also proposed. This model uses more realistic assessment criteria, based on the combination of access and tuning times, for evaluating wireless access methods. This new model provides a dynamic framework to express the degree of importance of access and tuning times in an application. Under this new model, the adaptive method performance also outperforms the other access methods in the majority of cases.
Acquisition and preliminary analysis of oriented multi‐component multioffset VSP data: DOSECC Cajon Pass Deep Scientific Drillhole

In October 1987 a four-offset VSP (Vertical Seismic Profile) was acquired at the Cajon Pass Deep Scientific Drillhole. Preliminary velocity analysis of the P-wave direct arrival has identified zones in the upper crystalline section of the borehole where interval velocities derived from a long-spaced sonic log differ greatly from the VSP interval velocities. Large velocity differences were observed between the three near-offset VSPs in the upper crystalline section of the borehole. These differences are interpreted as being associated with the complex geologic structure near the Cajon Pass borehole. Two source positions, one 35 m from the borehole and one 346 m from the borehole were used to analyze the horizontal component holograms of the P-wave direct-arrival. The near-offset hodograms exhibited particle motion directions which were not coincident with the VSP source direction when the downhole receiver was in crystalline rock. The far-offset hodograms exhibited particle motion directions which were generally consistent with the source direction.
On-line gross alpha radiation monitoring of natural waters with extractive scintillating resins

Abstract Extractive scintillating resins, which are used to simultaneously separate and quantify radioactivity in aqueous solutions, were developed for low-level alpha radiation monitoring of natural waters. Resins were investigated with bis(2-ethylhexyl)methane-diphosphonic acid (H 2 DEH[MDP], Dipex ® ) extractant, which has a strong affinity for tri-, tetra- and hexavalent actinides in dilute acids. Extractive scintillating resins were manifested (1) as a mixed bed of scintillating resin and extraction chromatographic resin and (2) by diffusing the organic fluor 2-(1-naphtyl)-5-phenyloxazole into macroporous polystyrene chromatographic resin, then coating with H 2 DEH[MDP], or by coating H 2 DEH[MDP] on scintillating polyvinyltoluene beads. The scintillation light was detected with a modified Hidex Triathler to allow for continuous flow measurements. The average detection efficiencies were 51.7±2.6% and 65.8±10.1% for natural uranium and 241 Am, respectively, for the extractant coated scintillator. The resin was stable for solution flow of up to 1000 ml resulting in rapid real-time quantification of natural uranium in groundwater down to 30 μg/ml.
AERODYNAMICS OF FAN FLOW DEFLECTORS FOR JET NOISE SUPPRESSION

The present work describes a three-dimensional RANS investigation of the flow around deflector vanes for noise suppression in separate-flow turbofan engines. The vanes are installed in the bypass duct and deflect the bypass plume downward relative to the core plume. This paper considers a single pair of vanes, with NACA0012 airfoil section, installed in a realistically shaped nozzle operating at static conditions. The axial and transverse forces created by the vanes are computed for various vane angles of attack. It it shown that the thrust loss of the bypass stream ranges from 0.04% with the vanes at zero angle of attack to 0.10% for vanes at 8 ◦ angle of attack. For an entire engine with bypass ratio of 5, the corresponding losses are approximately 0.03% and 0.08%. The vanes have an impact of less than 0.025% on the nozzle flow coefficient.
Measuring Game Engagement: Multiple Methods and Construct Complexity

Background. Engagement has been identified as a crucial component of learning in games research. However, the conceptualization and operationalization of engagement vary widely in the literature. Many valuable approaches illuminate ways in which presence, flow, arousal, participation, and other concepts constitute or contribute to engagement. However, few studies examine multiple conceptualizations of engagement in the same project. Method. This article discusses the results of two experiments that measure engagement in five different ways: survey self-report, content analyses of player videos, electro-dermal activity, mouse movements, and game click logs. We examine the relationships among these measures and assess how they are affected by the technical characteristics of a 30-minute, custom-built, educational game: use of a customized character, level of narrative complexity, and level of art complexity. Results. We found that the five measures of engagement correlated in limited ways, and that they revealed substantially different relationships with game characteristics. We conclude that engagement as a construct is more complex than is captured in any of these measures individually and that using multiple methods to assess engagement can illuminate aspects of engagement not detectable by a single method of measurement.
New statistical methods enhance imaging of cameleon fluorescence resonance energy transfer in cultured zebrafish spinal neurons

Cameleons are genetically encoded fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)–based Ca2+ indicators. Attempts to use cameleons to detect neural activity in vertebrate systems have been largely frustrated by the small FRET signal, in contradistinction to the higher signals seen in Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans. We have developed a statistical optimization method capable of detecting small ratiometric signals in noisy imaging data, called statistical optimization for the analysis of ratiometric signals. Using this method, we can detect and estimate anticorrelated ratiometric signals with subcellular resolution in cultured, dissociated zebrafish spinal neurons expressing cameleon or loaded with fluo-4 and fura-red. This method may make it possible to use yellow cameleons for measuring neural activity at high resolution in transgenic animals.
Expedited Treatment of Lower Extremity Gunshot Wounds

Background Patients with isolated lower extremity gunshot wounds are currently admitted for observation and often undergo angiography. We hypothesized that if such patients have a normal ankle-brachial index (ABI), they can be discharged safely from the emergency department without invasive imaging or admission. Study Design We retrospectively reviewed the records of hemodynamically stable patients with isolated lower extremity gunshot wounds seen at our urban, university-based trauma center and who were discharged from the emergency department. Evaluation consisted of determining which patients were hemodynamically normal, had no fractures, and had an ABI ≥0.9. Patients with an ABI Results The retrospective review identified 182 patients who met our criteria. None had bleeding, limb ischemia, or limb loss. The specificity of the evaluation in the retrospective study to predict safe discharge was 100%, with a negative predictive value of 98%. There were 90 patients in the prospective study. Bleeding, limb ischemia, or limb loss did not develop in any patient. The prospective algorithm for predicting safe discharge home had a 100% positive predictive value and 98% negative predictive value. Using this algorithm, costs were $992 per patient. If every patient received ultrasonography or CT angiography, it would have been $1,135 or $4,632, respectively, per patient. Conclusions Hemodynamically normal patients with lower extremity gunshot wounds without fracture and an initial ABI ≥0.9 can be discharged safely from the emergency department without additional diagnostic imaging, potentially saving health care costs.
Isotone Recursive Methods

Over the last decade, isotone recursive methods have provided unified catalog of results on existence, characterization, and computation of Markovian Equilibrium Decision Processes (MEDPs) in infinite horizon economies where the second welfare theorem fails. Such economies include models with production nonconvexities, taxes, valued fiat money, models with monopolistic competition, behavioral heterogeneity, and incomplete markets. In this paper, we survey this emerging class of methods. Our methods use a qualitative approach to economic equilibria first introduced in the work in operations research by Veinott and Topkis. As the methods emphasize the role of order, they are amenable for obtaining conditions for monotone comparison theorems on the space of economies. We are also able to describe monotone iterative procedures that provide the needed foundations for a theory of numerical solutions for MEDPs and stationary Markov equilibrium (SME). One interesting additional result of independent interest is we construct sufficient conditions for the existence of a new class of envelope theorems for nonconcave programming problems.
Optimization of perpendicular recording with shielded pole head

Recently there is an arising interest in perpendicular recording due to its intrinsic advantages for ultra-high recording density. At present, one key issue for increasing the recording density is how to minimize the system noise, which is dominated by the media transition noise and directly related to the switching field distribution (SFD) of the magnetic media. SFD is the dispersion of the lowest magnetic field required to switch the magnetization directions of grains. In granular perpendicular media, the magnetocrystalline anisotropy easy axes of the grains in the medium are virtually in the direction normal to the film plane. In recent head design, a shielded pole head/SUL, which is the combination of a trailing shield with a MP head, is proposed to provide high field gradient in recording. However, the trailing shield also introduces a, large horizontal field component on the media plane and consequently provides a larger switching field angle compared with the MP head. By optimizing the SP/SUL geometry we can obtain the desired switching field angle on the media plane. A 2-D micromagnetic model, which :is based upon the Landau-Lifshits-Gilbert equation, was used to simulate the dynamic recording process and evaluate the designed recording system.
Elimination of a child's excessive scratching by training the mother in reinforcement procedures.

Abstract It was hypothesized that one means of making professional service available to a greater number of individuals was through training the parents to use operant guidance techniques for dealing with the problem behavior of their children. A 5-yr-old girl whose face and neck as well as other parts of her body were covered with open sores and scabs from almost 1 yr of scratching herself was treated by the mother, who was trained to withhold all reinforcement contingent upon the child's scratching herself but to reinforce other, desirable behavior. As the scratching decreased, the mother was instructed in appropriate techniques for thinning out the reinforcement schedule. At the end of 6 weeks the child's face and body were clear of all scabs and sores. Four months later the scratching behavior had not recurred.
Effects of Chronic Growth Hormone Treatment on Lipogenesis by Rat Adipose Tissue

Treatment of hypophysectomized rats with ovine growth hormone (1 mg /rat/day for 4 days) results in a decrease in the ether-extractable material in both epididymal and omental adipose tissue. Concomitantly, the ability of adipose tissue obtained from these animals to synthesize lipid in vitro from uniformly labeled glucose or leucine-2-C14 is reduced by a factor of at least 3. The oxidation of glucose to CO2 is also reduced, but the formation of CO2 from leucine is unaffected. It is suggested that inhibition of lipid synthesis may be causally related to many of the previously noted effects of growth hormone on lipid metabolism.
Local delivery of tetracycline does not improve clinical outcomes.

Original Article Meta-analysis of local tetracycline in treating chronic periodontitis. Pavia M, Nobile CG, Angelillo IF. J Periodontal 2003;74(6):916-32. Level of Evidence 1a Purpose To assess the clinical effectiveness of local delivery of tetracycline alone or as an adjunct to conventional mechanical therapy in patients with chronic periodontitis by conducting a meta-analysis of published studies Source of Funding Government Type of Study/Design Systematic review
Dirichlet series with functional equations and arithmetical identities

Exploiting the functional equation of Hecke-type associated with a function satisfying a modular relation with a residual function as developed in Bochner (J Indian Math Soc 16:99–102, 1952), Chandrasekharan and Narasimhan (Ann Math 74:1–23, 1961) derived the equivalence of the functional equation to two arithmetical identities. Hawkins and Knopp (Contemp Math 143:451–475, 1993) showed the equivalence of the functional equation to modular integrals with rational period functions of weight 2k, $$k \in \mathbb {Z}^+$$ on the theta group $$\Gamma _\vartheta $$ . The aim of the current work is to show that results analogous to those of Chandrasekharan and Narasimhan can be developed in the Hawkins and Knopp context, but with respect to the full modular group $$\Gamma (1)$$ , rather than the theta group $$\Gamma _\vartheta $$ .
Contiguous hydroxyproline residues direct hydroxyproline arabinosylation in Nicotiana tabacum.

Hydroxyproline (Hyp) O-glycosylation characterizes the hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (HRGP) superfamily of the plant extracellular matrix. Hyp glycosylation occurs in two modes: Arabinosylation adds short oligoarabinosides (Hyp-arabinosides) while galactosylation leads to the addition of larger arabinogalactan polysaccharides (Hyp-polysaccharides). We hypothesize that sequence-dependent glycosylation of small peptide motifs results in glycomodules. These small functional units in combination with other repetitive peptide modules define the properties of HRGPs. The Hyp contiguity hypothesis predicts arabinosylation of contiguous Hyp residues and galactosylation of clustered noncontiguous Hyp residues. To determine the minimum level of Hyp contiguity that directs arabinosylation, we designed a series of synthetic genes encoding repetitive (Ser-Pro2)n, (Ser-Pro3)n, and (Ser-Pro4)n. A signal sequence targeted these endogenous substrates to the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi for post-translational proline hydroxylation and glycosylation in transformed Nicotiana tabacum cells. The fusion glycoproteins also contained green fluorescence protein, facilitating their detection and isolation. The (Ser-Pro2)n and (Ser-Hyp4)n fusion glycoproteins yielded Hyp-arabinosides but no Hyp-polysaccharide. The motif (Ser-Pro3)n was incompletely hydroxylated, yielding mixed contiguous/noncontiguous Hyp and a corresponding mixture of Hyp-arabinosides and Hyp-polysaccharides. These results plus circular dichroic spectra of the glycosylated and deglycosylated (Ser-Pro2)n, (Ser-Pro3)n, and (Ser-Pro4)n modules corroborate the Hyp contiguity hypothesis and indicate that Hyp O-glycosylation is indeed sequence-driven.
Intentional dropping: a novel scheme for SYN flooding mitigation

This paper presents a novel scheme to mitigate the effect of SYN flooding attacks. The scheme, called intentional dropping based filtering, is based on the observation of client's persistence (i.e., client's reaction to packet loss by subsequent retransmissions) which is very widespread as it is built in TCP's connection setup. The main idea is to intentionally drop the first SYN packet of each connection request. Subsequent SYN packet from a request is passed only if it adheres to the TCP's timeout mechanism. Our analysis shows that the proposed scheme reduces attacker's effective attack rate significantly with an acceptable increase in connection establishment latency.
Sexual hyperactivity and reduced longevity of dunce females of Drosophila melanogaster

The dunce gene of Drosophila melanogaster codes for a cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase. Mutations of dunce alter or abolish the activity of this enzyme, produce elevated cAMP levels, cause recessive female sterility, and produce learning deficiencies in both sexes. Aberrant male sexual behavior has also been associated with the memory defects of dunce mutants. Here we show that the longevity of dunce mutant females, homozygous for null-enzyme alleles, is reduced by 50% in the presence of males compared to control dunce females kept without males. Mutant dunce females, mate every 22-24 hr. We propose a cause-effect relationship between mating and reduced longevity. Pheromones or peptides transferred during mating may activate adenylate cyclase and create an increase in cAMP levels that cannot be damped in dunce females. This increase may affect basic physiological functions and lead to reduced longevity.
From Wilderness to Hybrid Landscapes: The Cultural Turn in Environmental History

(2004). From Wilderness to Hybrid Landscapes: The Cultural Turn in Environmental History. The Historian: Vol. 66, No. 3, pp. 557-564.
Notes on Phyllanthera (Apocynaceae) from the upper Sepik of Papua New Guinea: P. lancifolia and P. piforsteriana sp. nov.

Phyllanthera piforsteriana (Apocynaceae) is described from the Sepik River basin in Papua New Guinea. Distributional notes are also provided for P. lancifolia , a frequent associate of the new species but otherwise rarely represented in herbarium collections.