cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Towards an alignment of activities, aspirations and stakeholders for responsible innovation

ABSTRACTGovernance of technological innovation remains challenged by the dilemma of control. Two divergent responses seek to meet this challenge. The first regulates negative impacts once evidence is gathered. The second precludes dissemination of technologies until enough is known about outcomes. Recognizing limitations of each response, scholars are increasingly exploring responsible innovation (RI), a concept that revolves around dimensions of anticipation, reflexivity, inclusion, and responsiveness. At present, current conceptualizations of RI do not address questions of “to what end?” or “how to innovate responsibly?” This paper informs RI with sustainability principles and proposes an alignment of activities, aspirations, and stakeholders with previously defined dimensions for RI. A case study on nanotechnology innovation illustrates the applicability of this framework for assessing innovation governance. The proffered idea of alignment, buttressed by insights from sustainability and adaptive manage...
Asymmetric diffraction from two-component optical gratings made of passive and lossy materials

Diffraction with asymmetric enhancement and suppression, and alternating contrast for symmetric diffraction orders is demonstrated from planar two-component optical gratings made of passive/lossy materials. Simulations agree well with the experimental diffraction pattern of the fabricated sample. Our fabrication approach uses simple, standard planar micro/nano lithography employing one photoresist and one dye. No 3D profiling is needed. The phenomena is due to the left-right asymmetric material distribution in the periodic grating, which gives rise to non-reciprocal light coupling for diffraction to the positive and negative orders.
Large Eddy Simulations of Model-Scale Turbulent Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows

AbstractThis paper presents large eddy simulations (LES) of model-scaled neutrally stratified atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) flows for structural engineering applications and examines their stati...
Gendered Opportunity and School-Based Victimization: An Integrated Approach

Opportunity theory suggests that adolescents’ risks for school-based theft and assault victimization are related to low self-control and school-based routine activities, such as playing sports, joi...
Rare presentation of heterotopic ossification along a fibula free flap pedicle in a high-volume microvascular reconstruction practice.

Background Heterotopic ossification along free flap pedicles has been reported. Reports suggest that subperiosteal dissection of the pedicle from the bone during the harvest of the fibula free flap may predispose the pedicle to heterotopic ossification. Methods A 56-year-old man with history of a T2N1M0 squamous cell cancer of the left tonsil who was treated with chemoradiation developed osteoradionecrosis of the mandible requiring fibula free flap reconstruction. The patient presented with a firm submandibular mass 1 year after reconstruction. Results Imaging revealed bone along the mandible projecting to the floor of the mouth. Surgery revealed heterotopic bone along the submandibular triangle and vascular pedicle. The bone was removed and the periosteum fulgurated to prevent further proliferation. Conclusion Our practice includes a high-volume head and neck extirpative and reconstruction practice. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first documented case of heterotopic ossification along a free flap pedicle despite routine subperiosteal elevation to free the peroneal artery from the proximal fibula.
Parent Expectancies and Preferences for Mental Health Treatment: The Roles of Emotion Mind-Sets and Views of Failure.

Because parents are primary gatekeepers to mental health care for their children, parental expectations that mental health treatment is ineffective may undermine treatment seeking, retention, and r...
DOES REPORTING OF GLOBAL LONGITUDINAL STRAIN IMPACT CLINICAL DECISIONS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY AS PART OF CHEMOTHERAPY MONITORING

Chemotherapy cardiotoxicity is a significant ongoing issue in cancer patients undergoing therapy. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) by echo is believed to detect subclinical cardiotoxicity. However, it is unclear what the impact of reporting these numbers on downstream patient management is. Our
Diagnostic Accuracy of Tuning Fork Tests for Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review.

Objective(1) To determine the diagnostic accuracy of tuning fork tests (TFTs; Weber and Rinne) for assessment of hearing loss as compared with standard audiometry. (2) To identify the audiometric t...
Is Exercise Beneficial and Safe in Patients with Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension

In spite of the many health benefits attributed to exercise, reports summarizing the literature in patients with cirrhosis are scarce. We aimed to provide a comprehensive review focusing on potential safety considerations in cirrhosis. Diminished exercise capacity in patients with cirrhosis worsens their prognosis before and after liver transplantation. Exercise poses unique challenges in this population, raising questions of safety—worsening portal hypertension and malnutrition—and efficacy. In this review, we show that the balance of evidence supports supervised exercise programs with demonstrable benefits with respect to portal pressure, functional capacity, and muscle mass indexes. There are also benefits regarding their emotional function and perceived general health. Key to interpreting the benefits and risk profile of exercise is the impact of non-selective beta-blockage. Patients with cirrhosis, with or without portal hypertension, should receive an exercise prescription as part of their standard of care. However, some standard safety recommendations should be universally followed.
Surgery of colon cancer (conventional open and laparoscopic surgery)

BACKGROUND: Colon cancer is a leading cause of death in western countries and accounts for 639,000 cancer-related deaths worldwide. Surgical tumour clearance is the key treatment option and represents a classic field of action for the general and visceral surgeon. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE and DIMDI were searched for articles referring to state of the art surgical management of colon cancer complemented by our own clinical experience to create an overview of up-to-date treatment options and theoretical background knowledge. RESULTS: The extent of bowel and mesenteric resection is dictated by the vascular supply and corresponding lymphatic drainage, careful attention to anatomical-embryological tissue planes and provision of adequate blood supply at the resection margins. Accordingly, optimal surgical clearance results in low local recurrence rates and translates into improved survival. In this context, the open and laparoscopic approaches yield similar results in terms of long-term outcome and oncological radicality. Radical resection of metastases results in long-term survival in selected patients. Fast Track rehabilitation facilitates attenuation of perioperative stress response and enhances recovery. CONCLUSION: Resectability and surgical technique are pivotal for long-term survival in all stages of colon cancer.
The Influence of Developmental Age on the Early Transcriptomic Response of Children with Septic Shock

Septic shock is a frequent and costly problem among patients in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and is associated with high mortality and devastating survivor morbidity. Genome-wide expression patterns can provide molecular granularity of the host response and offer insight into why large variations in outcomes exist. We derived whole-blood genome-wide expression patterns within 24 h of PICU admission from children with septic shock. We compared the transcriptome between septic shock developmental-age groups defined as neonates (≤ 28 d, n = 17), infants (1 month to 1 year, n = 62), toddlers (2-5 years, n = 54) and school-age (≥ 6 years, n = 47) and age-matched controls. Direct intergroup comparisons demonstrated profound changes in neonates, relative to older children. Neonates with septic shock demonstrated reduced expression of genes representing key pathways of innate and adaptive immunity. In contrast to the largely upregulated transcriptome in all other groups, neonates exhibited a predominantly downregulated transcriptome when compared with controls. Neonates and school-age subjects had the most uniquely regulated genes relative to controls. Age-specific studies of the host response are necessary to identify developmentally relevant translational opportunities that may lead to improved sepsis outcomes.
IDMVis: Temporal Event Sequence Visualization for Type 1 Diabetes Treatment Decision Support

Type 1 diabetes is a chronic, incurable autoimmune disease affecting millions of Americans in which the body stops producing insulin and blood glucose levels rise. The goal of intensive diabetes management is to lower average blood glucose through frequent adjustments to insulin protocol, diet, and behavior. Manual logs and medical device data are collected by patients, but these multiple sources are presented in disparate visualization designs to the clinician—making temporal inference difficult. We conducted a design study over 18 months with clinicians performing intensive diabetes management. We present a data abstraction and novel hierarchical task abstraction for this domain. We also contribute IDMVis: a visualization tool for temporal event sequences with multidimensional, interrelated data. IDMVis includes a novel technique for folding and aligning records by dual sentinel events and scaling the intermediate timeline. We validate our design decisions based on our domain abstractions, best practices, and through a qualitative evaluation with six clinicians. The results of this study indicate that IDMVis accurately reflects the workflow of clinicians. Using IDMVis, clinicians are able to identify issues of data quality such as missing or conflicting data, reconstruct patient records when data is missing, differentiate between days with different patterns, and promote educational interventions after identifying discrepancies.
An Implicit Religion of Control: Corporate Mindfulness Meditation Programs

"Mindfulness," or the practice of focusing one's conscious awareness on the present moment, has become increasingly popular in mainstream culture over the last decade. Commensurate with its widespread acceptance in secular culture, mindfulness programs have been adopted by a number of large corporations, albeit largely stripped of mindfulness's religious ties to its roots in Buddhism. This article theorizes some of the ways mindfulness programs reinforce neoliberal ideologies that valorize individual self-surveillance and self-discipline through employees' bodies and minds. By promoting greater self-awareness, calm, and focus, such programming is also homologous with greater (employee) productivity and (company) profitability. As a kind of implicit religion, mindfulness may hold special appeal for workers who seek meaning and purpose beyond what is currently provided by their current workaday lives. The article, therefore, makes the argument that mindfulness, a kind of implicit religion, in these settings is conducive to perpetuating neoliberal ideologies.
Patterns of failure following proton beam therapy for head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma.

Abstract Purpose Pediatric patients with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the head and neck (HN all included a component of central nervous system relapse, with leptomeningeal disease and/or LF with an intracranial component. Delayed RT delivery after week 4 of ChT predicted increased risk of relapse for ICE patients (HR 10.49, p = 0.006). Conclusions PBT confers excellent LC, and a favorable late toxicity profile as compared with prior photon RT data. Our observations support ongoing trial efforts to dose-escalate RT for patients with larger tumors. However, these data raise concerns regarding excess failures among patients with ICE.
Designing oxidation resistant ultra-high temperature ceramics through the development of an adherent native thermal barrier

Abstract We present a design concept for developing ZrB2-SiC-AlN composites with enhanced oxidative stability at ultra-high temperatures (∼2000 °C) and low pressures (100 Torr). The oxidative stability of these materials arises from a protective silica based scale. However, active oxidation of SiC above 1700 °C presents a challenge, which we circumvent through the in-situ growth of a zirconia layer that serves as a thermal barrier, ensuring that the effective temperature at the zirconia/Si rich subscale is less than the active oxidation temperature. The design concept is validated by a series of ultra-high temperature oxidation experiments under static as well as cyclic conditions.
Offshore oil production platforms as potential sources of larvae to coastal shelf regions off southern California

A diverse assemblage of adult reef fishes and invertebrates occurs at offshore oil production platforms in the Southern California Bight (SCB). Coincident with the initiation of the decommissioning of six platforms in the SCB, the goal of this study was to examine how a platform's geographical location plays a role in its potential contribution of larval recruits to natural areas. Using a three-dimensional biophysical model, we quantified the potential connectivity of larvae, particularly relevant to reef fishes, from three offshore platforms to four coastal shelf regions where the majority of rocky settlement habitat occurs in the SCB. The regions cover the shelves of the mainland coast and islands and offshore banks in the southern SCB. The main findings indicate that (1) the potential for larval subsidies from platforms in the southern SCB to populations in the northern SCB are greater than the potential for larval subsidies from platforms in the northern SCB to the southern SCB; (2) there is greater seasonal variability of potential connectivity from platforms to the mainland shelf region of the northern SCB than to the mainland shelf region of the southern SCB or shelves around islands and banks; and (3) there is consistency across years in the relative magnitude of potential connectivity from the platforms to the four shelf regions. We conclude that a platform's function as a larval source should be considered an ecological criterion when evaluating whether a platform is to be converted to an artificial reef and implementing marine spatial planning.
Plasma mirror focal spot quality for glass and aluminum mirrors for laser pulses up to 20 ps

High-intensity short-pulse lasers are being pushed further as applications continue to demand higher laser intensities. Uses such as radiography and laser-driven particle acceleration require these higher intensities to produce the necessary x-ray and particle fluxes. Achieving these intensities, however, is limited by the damage threshold of costly optics and the complexity of target chambers. This is evidenced by the Advanced Radiographic Capability (ARC) short-pulse laser at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, producing four high-energy $ \approx 1\;{\rm kJ} $≈1kJ laser pulses at 30 ps pulse duration, being limited to an intensity of $ {10^{18}}\;{\rm W}/{{\rm cm}^2} $1018W/cm2 by the large focal spot size of $ \approx 100\;{\unicode{x00B5}{\rm m}} $≈100µm. Due to the setup complexity of NIF, changing the location of the final focusing parabola in order to improve the focal spot size is not an option. This leads to the possible use of disposable ellipsoidal plasma mirrors (PMs) placed within the chamber, close to the target in an attempt to refocus the four ARC beams. However, the behavior of PMs at these relatively long pulse durations (tens of picoseconds) is not well characterized. The results from the COMET laser at the Jupiter Laser Facility carried out at 0.5 to 20 ps pulse durations on flat mirrors are presented as a necessary first step towards focusing curved mirrors. The findings show defocusing at longer pulse durations and higher intensities, with less degradation when using aluminum coated mirrors.
Depression symptoms and cognitive impairment in older nursing home residents in the USA: A latent class analysis

Objectives To identify subgroups of nursing home (NH) residents in the USA experiencing homogenous depression symptoms and evaluate if subgroups vary by cognitive impairment. Methods We identified 104 465 newly admitted, long-stay residents with depression diagnosis at NH admission in 2014 using the Minimum Data Set 3.0. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to measure depression symptoms and the Brief Interview of Mental Status for cognitive impairment (intact; moderately impaired; severely impaired). Latent class analysis (LCA) with logistic regression was used to: (a) construct the depression subgroups and (b) estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the associations between the subgroups and cognitive impairment level, adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics. Results The best-fitted LCA model suggested four subgroups of depression: minimal symptoms (latent class prevalence: 42.4%), fatigue (32.0%), depressed mood (14.5%), and multiple symptoms (11.2%). Odds of subgroup membership varied by cognitive impairment. Compared to residents with intact cognition, those with moderate or severe cognitive impairment were less likely to belong to the fatigue subgroup [aOR(95% CI): moderate: 0.75 (0.71-0.80); severe: 0.26 (0.23-0.29)] and more likely to belong to the depressed mood subgroup [aOR (95% CI): moderate: 4.54 (3.55-5.81); severe: 6.41 (4.86-8.44)]. Residents with moderate cognitive impairment had increased odds [aOR (95% CI): 1.19 (1.12-1.27)] while those with severe impairment had reduced odds of being in the multiple symptoms subgroup [aOR (95% CI): 0.63 (0.58-0.68)]. Conclusions Findings provide a basis for improving depression management with consideration of both subgroups of depression symptoms and levels of cognitive function.
Machine Learning and Deep Learning challenges for building 2′O site prediction

Abstract 2′-O-methylation (2′O) is one of the abundant post-transcriptional RNA modifications which can be found in all types of RNA. Detection and functional analysis of 2′O methylation have become challenging problems for biologists ever since its discovery. This paper addresses computational challenges for building Machine Learning and Deep Learning models for predicting 2′O sites. In particular, the impact of sequence length containing 2′O site, embedding method and the type of predictive model are each investigated separately. 30 different predictive models are built and each showed the impact of the mentioned parameters. The area under the precision-recall and receiving operating characteristics curves are utilized to test imbalanced case scenarios in the real world. By comparing the performance of these models, it is shown that embedding methods are crucial for Machine Learning models. However, they do not improve the performance of Deep Learning models. Furthermore, the best predictive model was further investigated to extract significant nucleotides surrounding 2′O sites. Interestingly, based on the significant score matrix achieved by all 2′O samples, it is depicted that model pays the highest attention at the location that the dominant 2′O motifs exist. Dataset and all of the codes are available at https://github.com/MMostavi/2_O_Me_sitePred
New Developments in Retinal Cell Transplantation and the Impact of Stem Cells

Retinal cell transplantation, especially transplantation of retinal epithelium, could provide a method to cure age-related macular degeneration but major hurdles have hampered its advance, such as rejection and surgical technique. The possibility to use autologous fibroblasts from the potential transplant recipient to convert these fibroblasts into pluri-potential cells in culture and then to transform them into retinal epithelium, including checks on their appropriate gene expression offers the possibility of eliminating the hurdle of host graft rejection. A new surgical technique that sections the neural retina for 180° at the temporal ora serrata and folds it nasally to expose the macula and its degenerate epithelial layer can improve the delicate microsurgery. It eliminates jet stream trauma that produces a hole in the equatorial retina and the poor visibility of the epithelium seen through a detached, opaque neural retina. It allows the surgeon to use both hands in removing degenerate epithelium and replacing it with a patch of pristine epithelium. The neural retina can then be folded back to its original location and laser secured at the ora serrata. Transplantation of photoreceptors has greater hurdles, the major one being a guarantee of sufficient synaptic connectivity of transplanted cones to host cone bipolars.
Permissive Hypertension and Collateral Revascularization May Allow Avoidance of Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage in Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair

Background The utility of cerebrospinal fluid drainage (CSFD) for prevention of spinal cord ischemia (SCI) after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) remains unclear. We previously published our institutional algorithm restricting preoperative CSFD to patients deemed high risk for SCI. Since that publication, our algorithm has evolved with preoperative CSFD avoided in all patients undergoing isolated descending TEVAR with or without arch involvement (+/− arch TEVAR). This study evaluated the updated algorithm in a contemporary cohort. Methods Patients who underwent TEVAR for descending aortic +/−arch pathology between February 2012 and September 2018 at a single center were identified from an institutional aortic surgery database. The algorithm includes left subclavian artery (LSA) revascularization in cases of coverage with no preservation of antegrade flow, permissive hypertension, and use of evoked potential monitoring. The primary end points were SCI or postoperative CSFD. Results During the study interval, 225 patients underwent descending +/− arch TEVAR. CSFD was used before TEVAR in 2 patients (0.9%) in violation of the algorithm, and they were excluded from the study cohort. Endograft coverage below T6 occurred in 81%. The LSA was fully covered in 100 patients (47%), all of whom underwent LSA revascularization. Following the updated algorithm, the incidence of temporary or permanent SCI was 0%. No patient required postoperative CSFD. Conclusions A restrictive lumbar CSFD algorithm, including permissive hypertension and LSA revascularization in the setting of descending +/− arch TEVAR, appears safe, with a 0% incidence of SCI in 223 consecutive patients treated during a 6.5-year interval. We recommend consideration of further prospective study to evaluate this algorithm.
A two-condenser pulsating heat pipe for use as a passive thermal disconnect in redundant cryocooler implementations

A proof-of-concept, two-condenser nitrogen pulsating heat pipe (PHP) for use as a passive thermal switch in applications with redundant cryocooler installations is developed and tested. The PHP design comprises two independent PHP condensers, each thermally linked to an independent cryocooler cold head, with the two associated PHP evaporators attached to a common cold plate heat load. The design allows the cold plate heat load to be continuously cooled when one cryocooler is non-operating. This is accomplished by leveraging the thermal isolation provided by dryout in the PHP associated with the non-operating cryocooler to limit the parasitic load on the common cold plate (and therefore on the remaining operating cryocooler) from the ambient environment. Mechanical actuation is not required as the PHP thermal switch is fully passive. Instrumentation is included in the proof-of-concept device to measure the heat loads and effective thermal conductivities of each PHP. The design of the system is presented in detail, along with preliminary measurements of PHP heat loads and PHP effective thermal conductivities in states of both pulsating advection and dryout.
Hip Preservation Techniques: The Use of Biologics to Improve Outcomes

ABSTRACT The use of biologic adjuvants in orthopedic injuries continues to expand along with the comprehension of the healing and regeneration mechanisms of tissues. Biological treatments represent a potentially attractive option for a number of hip disorders and include a variety of cell therapies and blood derived products, such as mesenchymal stem cells, bone marrow aspirate concentrate, matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation, platelet rich plasma and others. Clinical studies have reported promising results and emerging basic studies have provided a clearer understanding of the underlying mechanisms of action of biologics in orthopedics. However, crucial questions remain regarding their indications, limitations, and overall efficacy. This review focuses on the current state of the use of biologics to improve outcomes in hip preservation surgery.
Pharmacogenomics with red cells: a model to study protein variants of drug transporter genes

The PharmacoScan pharmacogenomics platform screens for variation in genes that affect drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, immune adverse reactions and targets. Among the 1,191 genes tested on the platform, 12 genes are expressed in the red cell membrane: ABCC1, ABCC4, ABCC5, ABCG2, CFTR, SLC16A1, SLC19A1, SLC29A1, ATP7A, CYP4F3, EPHX1 and FLOT1. These genes represent 5 ATP-binding cassette proteins, 3 solute carrier proteins, 1 ATP transport protein and 3 genes associated with drug metabolism and adverse drug reactions. Only ABCG2 and SLC29A1 encode blood group systems, JR and AUG, respectively. We propose red cells as an ex vivo model system to study the effect of heritable variants in genes encoding the transport proteins on the pharmacokinetics of drugs. Altered pharmacodynamics in red cells could also cause adverse reactions, such as haemolysis, hitherto unexplained by other mechanisms.
Financial market effects of FOMC projections

Abstract I examine the impact of the forecasts released by the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) in the Summary of Economic Projections over the period of April 2011 through March 2019. I find that changes in the median FOMC federal funds rate forecast did impact asset prices, but forecasts of output and inflation did not have any effect, which may be surprising based on the literature regarding the “Fed information effect” channel. Further, the dispersion in the federal funds rate forecast does not affect asset prices though it does impact the degree of uncertainty regarding future monetary policy. Finally, I find that most of forward guidance can be summarized through the change in the median federal funds rate forecast for the end of the following year.
CwlQ Is Required for Swarming Motility but Not Flagellar Assembly in Bacillus subtilis

Lytic enzymes play an essential role in the remodeling of bacterial peptidoglycan (PG), an extracellular mesh-like structure that retains the membrane in the context of high internal osmotic pressure. Peptidoglycan must be unfailingly stable to preserve cell integrity, but must also be dynamically remodeled for the cell to grow, divide, and insert macromolecular machines. The flagellum is one such macromolecular machine that transits the PG, and flagellar insertion is aided by localized activity of a dedicated PG lyase in Gram-negative bacteria. To date, there is no known dedicated lyase in Gram-positive bacteria for the insertion of flagella. Here, we take a reverse-genetic candidate-gene approach and find that cells mutated for the lytic transglycosylase CwlQ exhibit a severe defect in flagellum-dependent swarming motility. We further show that CwlQ is expressed by the motility sigma factor SigD and is secreted by the type III secretion system housed inside the flagellum. Nonetheless, cells with mutations of CwlQ remain proficient for flagellar biosynthesis even when mutated in combination with four other lyases related to motility (LytC, LytD, LytF, and CwlO). The PG lyase (or lyases) essential for flagellar synthesis in B. subtilis, if any, remains unknown.IMPORTANCE Bacteria are surrounded by a wall of peptidoglycan and early work in Bacillus subtilis was the first to suggest that bacteria needed to enzymatically remodel the wall to permit insertion of the flagellum. No PG remodeling enzyme alone or in combination, however, has been found to be essential for flagellar assembly in B. subtilis Here, we take a reverse-genetic candidate-gene approach and find that the PG lytic transglycosylase CwlQ is required for swarming motility. Subsequent characterization determined that while CwlQ was coexpressed with motility genes and is secreted by the flagellar secretion apparatus, it was not required for flagellar synthesis. The PG lyase needed for flagellar assembly in B. subtilis remains unknown.
Molecular alterations in Hürthle cell nodules and preoperative cancer risk.

Hurthle cell carcinoma (HCC) is a distinct type of thyroid cancer genetically characterized by DNA copy number alterations (CNA), typically of genome haploidization type (GH-type). However, whether CNA also occurs in benign Hurthle cell adenomas (HCA) or Hurthle cell hyperplastic nodules (HCHN), and have diagnostic impact in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) samples, remains unknown. To address these questions, we (1) analyzed 26 HCC, 24 HCA, and 8 HCHN tissues for CNA and other mutations using ThyroSeq v3 (TSv3) next-generation sequencing panel, and (2) determined cancer rate in 111 FNA samples with CNA and known surgical outcome. We identified CNA, more often of the GH-type, in 81% of HCC and in 38% HCA, but not in HCHN. Among four HCC with distant metastasis, all had CNA and three TERT mutations. Overall, positive TSv3 results were obtained in 24 (92%) HCC, including all with ATA high risk of recurrence or metastasis. Among 111 FNA cases with CNA, 38 (34%) were malignant and 73 (66%) benign. A significant correlation between cancer rate and nodule size was observed, particularly among cases with GH-type CNA, where every additional centimeter of nodule size increased the malignancy odds by 1.9 (95% CI 1.3-2.7; P = 0.001). In summary, the results of this study demonstrate that CNA characteristic of HCC also occur in HCA, although with lower frequency, and probability of cancer in nodules with CNA increases with nodule size. Detection of CNA, in conjunction with other mutations and nodule size, is helpful in predicting malignancy in thyroid nodules.
Enhanced Recovery After Major Gastrectomy for Cancer.

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols have gained increasing popularity over the past 10 years, and its overarching objectives are to improve perioperative morbidity and reduce postoperative length of stay. Consensus guidelines from the ERAS Society specific to major gastrectomy were published in 2014, however since that time, prospective and retrospective studies have expanded the collective evidence for both the content and efficacy of ERAS pathways for gastrectomy. This objective of this review was to summarize recent data pertinent to the preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative management of gastrectomy patients along an ERAS pathway.
Understanding Foreign Donor Support for Legal Reform in Socialist Transitional States: The Changing Nature and Continuing Dilemmas of Legal Reform Assistance in Vietnam

I am grateful to the Law Department and the School of Oriental and African Studies, and particularly to Professor Andrew Harding, for sponsoring and arranging my lecture today and my visit to SOAS. For decades SOAS has led the way in the study of law in Asia and Africa, with scholarship unmatched in its quality and in its commitment to supporting a role for law that helps to improve the social, economic and political lives of the people of the developing world. I am delighted to be here.
Investigational treatment options in phase I and phase II trials for relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia in pediatric patients.

Introduction: Upfront treatment of pediatric patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) results in cure rates of 60–95%, depending on ...
‘Not to be stereotypical, but .’. Exclusive and inclusive gendered discourses about geology field experiences

Women continue to remain underrepresented in geoscience degree attainment. Several disciplines (specifically geology) require participation in ‘field experiences’ in which students and faculty enga...
CKD Prevalence in the Military Health System: Coded Versus Uncoded CKD

Rationale & Objective Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common but often goes unrecorded. Study Design Cross-sectional. Setting & Participants Military Health System (MHS) beneficiaries aged 18 to 64 years who received care during fiscal years 2016 to 2018. Predictors Age, sex, active duty status, race, diabetes, hypertension, and numbers of kidney test results. Outcomes We defined CKD by International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) code and/or a positive result on a validated electronic phenotype that uses estimated glomerular filtration rate and measures of proteinuria with evidence of chronicity. We defined coded CKD by the presence of an ICD-10 code. We defined uncoded CKD by a positive e-phenotype result without an ICD-10 code. Analytical Approach We compared coded and uncoded populations using 2-tailed t tests (continuous variables) and Pearson χ2 test for independence (categorical variables). Results The MHS population included 3,330,893 beneficiaries. Prevalence of CKD was 3.2%, based on ICD code and/or positive e-phenotype result. Of those identified with CKD, 63% were uncoded. Compared with beneficiaries with coded CKD, those with uncoded CKD were younger (aged 45±13 vs 52±11 years), more often women (54.4% vs 37.6%) and active duty (20.2% vs 12.5%), and less often of Black race (18.5% vs 31.5%) or with diabetes (23.5% vs 43.5%) or hypertension (46.6% vs 77.1%; P Limitations Use of cross-sectional administrative data prevents inferences about causality. The CKD e-phenotype may fail to capture CKD in individuals without laboratory data and may underestimate CKD. Conclusions The prevalence of CKD in the MHS is ~3.2%. Beneficiaries with well-known CKD risk factors, such as older age, male sex, Black race, diabetes, and hypertension, were more likely to be coded, suggesting that clinicians may be missing CKD in groups traditionally considered lower risk, potentially resulting in suboptimal care.
Manipulation As Theft

Should there be a right not to be manipulated? What kind of right? On Kantian grounds, manipulation, lies, and paternalistic coercion are moral wrongs, and for similar reasons; they deprive people of agency, insult their dignity, and fail to respect personal autonomy. On welfarist grounds, manipulation, lies, and paternalistic coercion share a different characteristic; they displace the choices of those whose lives are directly at stake, and who are likely to have epistemic advantages, with the choices of outsiders, who are likely to lack critical information. Kantians and welfarists should be prepared to endorse a (moral) right not to be manipulated, though on very different grounds. The moral prohibition on manipulation, like the moral prohibition on lies, should run against officials and regulators, not only against private institutions. At the same time, the creation of a legal right not to be manipulated raises hard questions, in part because of definitional challenges; there is a serious risk of vagueness and a serious risk of overbreadth. (Lies, as such, are not against the law, and the same is true of unkindness, inconsiderateness, and even cruelty.) With welfarist considerations in mind, it is probably best to start by prohibiting particular practices, while emphasizing that they are forms of manipulation and may not count as fraud. The basic goal should be to build on the claim that in certain cases, manipulation is a form of theft; the law should forbid theft, whether it occurs through force, lies, or manipulation. Some manipulators are thieves.
Post-Deployment Analysis of Capacity and Delay Impacts of an Airport Enhancement: Case of a New Runway at Detroit

New statistical methods for assessing airport capacity and delay, especially during rare events and after infrastructure upgrades, are developed and demonstrated in this article. Models of airport throughput are estimated with the new methods and the developed models are checked against the opening of a new runway in Detroit. Simulated delays match actual delays effectively, though the articles states limits for the model. The author suggests introducing autocorrelation into censored regression models to compensate for model limits. More generally, the author's study allows the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to control for changes in demand and weather that would otherwise confound before-and-after, with/without studies of host factors that affect NAS performance.
Controlling for Unexpected Goals when Planning in a Mixed-Initiative Setting

A mixed-initiative setting is where both human and machine are intimately involved in the planning process. We have identified a number of challenges that occur for traditional planning frameworks as humans are allowed more latitude. In this paper we will examine the types of unexpected goals that may be given to the underlying planning system and thereby how humans change the way planning must be performed. Users may want to achieve goals in terms of actions as well as states, they may specify goals that vary along a dimension of abstraction and specificity, and they may mix both top-level goals and subgoals when describing what they want a plan to do. We show how the Prodigy planning system has met these challenges when integrated with a force deployment tool called format and describe what opportunities this poses for a generative planning framework.
The effects of acute garlic supplementation on the fibrinolytic and vasoreactive response to exercise

The purpose of this project was to examine the effects of acute garlic supplementation on fibrinolysis and vasoreactivity both at rest and following maximal exercise. Eighteen healthy trained males (20.9 ± 2.2 years, 178 ± 7.7 cm, 75.5 ± 9.6 kg, VO2max = 59.8 ± 6.7 ml • kg−1 • min−1) performed a graded treadmill test to volitional exhaustion. Blood samples were taken at rest, within two minutes post-exercise, and one hour post-exercise. Eleven of the subjects also had a brachial vasoreactivity test performed immediately after the blood sample to assess flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery. Participants were randomly assigned to ingest either 900 mg of powdered garlic or a placebo three hours before the exercise session. The supplement was distributed in a double-blind, crossover fashion. Participants repeated the protocol with the other treatment after a 14-day washout period. Paired t-tests were used to compare VO2max between the two trials. A two-factor (treatment and time) repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess changes in FMD, tPA activity, tPA antigen, and PAI-1 activity. A priori statistical significance was set at P <0.05. VO2max was greater for the garlic treatment trial vs. placebo (Placebo = 59.8 ± 6.7 ml • kg−1 • min−1; Garlic = 61.4 ± 6.6 ml • kg−1 • min−1). There was no main effect for treatment and no treatment x time interaction for FMD or any fibrinolytic variables examined. Acute garlic supplementation does not alter vasoreactivity, fibrinolytic potential or the fibrinolytic response to exercise in young healthy trained males. Acute garlic supplementation does, however, cause a small but statistically significant increase in VO2max. It remains unclear if this increase in VO2max is of functional importance.
A Model for Involvement of Fathers in Literacy Development with Young At-Risk and Exceptional Children.

Early involvement in literacy activities can provide many benefits for at-risk and exceptional children and their fathers. These benefits include development of children's reading and writing skills, increased bonding, and positive self-esteem of fathers. Early childhood professionals can foster male involvement by describing benefits, suggesting appropriate activities, materials and expectations, and by providing ongoing feedback. A model for getting fathers involved in literacy activities with their young at risk and exceptional children is described. The four major approaches in this model are early social interaction, reading books, incidental preliteracy activities, and school involvement.
Early pregnancy loss needn't require a trip to the hospital.

This article discusses early pregnancy loss (EPL) and three outpatient alternatives to uterine dilatation and curettage (D&C) performed in an operating room. It describes the three alternative choices which include: expectant management treatment with prostaglandins and manual vacuum aspiration (MVA).
Trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder and depression in an African-American primary care population

Objective Trauma exposure is high in African Americans who live in stressful urban environments. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are common outcomes of trauma exposure and are understudied in African Americans. African Americans are more likely to seek treatment for psychiatric disorders in a primary care setting. Our study evaluated trauma exposure, PTSD and major depression in African Americans attending primary care offices. Method Six-hundred-seventeen patients (96% African Americans) were surveyed for trauma exposure in the waiting rooms of four primary care offices. Those patients reporting significant traumatic events were invited to a research interview. Of the 403 patients with trauma exposure, 279 participated. Results Of the 617 participants, 65% reported > or = 1 clearly traumatic event. The most common exposures were transportation accidents (42%), sudden unexpected death of a loved one (39%), physical assault (30%), assault with a weapon (29%) and sexual assault (25%). Lifetime prevalence of PTSD and a major depressive episode (MDE) among those with trauma exposure (n=279) was 51% and 35%, respectively. The percent of lifetime PTSD cases (n=142) with comorbid MDE was 46%. Lifetime PTSD and MDE in the trauma-exposed population were approximately twice as common in females than males, whereas current PTSD rates were similar. Conclusions Our rate of PTSD (approximately 33% of those screened) exceeds estimates for the general population. Rates of MDE comorbid with PTSD were comparable to other studies. These findings suggest the importance of screening African Americans for PTSD, in addition to depression, in the primary care setting.
What High Pressure Studies Have Taught us About High-Temperature Superconductivity

Superconductivity is an important area of modern research which has benefited enormously from experiments under high pressure conditions. The focus of this paper will be on three classes of high-temperature superconductors: (1) the new binary compound MgB2, (2) the alkali-doped fullerenes, and (3) the cuprate oxides. We will discuss results from experiment and theory which illustrate the kinds of vital information the high-pressure variable can give to help better understand these fascinating materials.
A serotonin neurotoxin attenuates the phase-shifting effects of triazolam on the circadian clock in hamsters

Abstract Several lines of evidence suggest the potential involvement of serotonergic pathways in mediating the effects of activity-inducing stimuli on the circadian clock in rodents. The aim of the present 3 experiments was to examine the effects of the serotonergic neurotoxin, p-hloroamphetamine (PCA, 10 mg/kg) on: (1) the monoamine levels of the hypothalamus, frontal cortex and hippocampus in the hamster; (2) the phase shifts in the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity of hamsters in response to treatment with the short-acting benzodiazepine, triazolam (7.5 mg/kg); and (3) the magnitude of the acute increase in locomotor activity associated with triazolam administration in this species. The administration of PCA to hamsters caused changes of specific monoaminergic systems in the hypothalamus, that were limited to a selective decrease in serotonin levels 7 days post-treatment. The phase shifts of the circadian clock in response to triazolam treatment at CT 6 were considerably attenuated following the administration of the 5-HT neurotoxin. The total amount and the profiles of triazolam-induced wheel-running and general cage activity between CT 6 and CT 12 were not significantly affected by the PCA treatment. The finding that a 5-HT neurotoxin can attenuate the phase-shifting effects of triazolam in hamsters, without interfering with its activity-inducing properties, suggests that serotonergic afferents might be involved in the mechanism for non-photic phase-shifting of the circadian system.
Prevalence of Low Back Disorders in Furniture Distribution Centers

The purpose of this study was to quantify the prevalence of low back disorders in furniture distribution centers. This was a cross-sectional study with 454 workers in 9 furniture distribution centers. There were five definitions of low back disorders including 1) pain symptoms, 2) Oswestry questionnaire 3) LMM functional performance, 4) medical visits, and 5) lost time. The pain symptoms and Oswestry questionnaire had a one-week prevalence of 56.6% and 54.6%, respectively. The LMM functional performance had a point prevalence of 37.2%. Medical visits and lost time had a one-year prevalence of 11.9% and 7.5%, respectively. The pain symptom prevalence of low back disorder in furniture distribution was similar to that of construction workers and nurses placing this industry among other more well known high risk industries.
Collective modes in a relativistic electron gas: A source for ≈ 300 keV electron lines?

Abstract Quasielastic electron scattering from a dense electron gas is calculated in a relativistic random phase approximation. A narrow peak is seen in the longitudinal response due to a collective mode. A similar collective mode in a finite system could account for the sharp e + and e − lines seen in collisions between very high Z ions.