cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploration of drug action on a morphine receptor by methods of enzyme kinetics.

Abstract Human serum esterase (pseudocholinesterase) contains a morphine receptor, stimulation of which causes doubling of the rate constant of procaine hydrolysis catalyzed by the esterase. Equations derived from classical enzyme kinetics satisfactorily describe the action of morphine and a number of its derivatives on the enzyme, but 14-hydroxydihydro-6-morphinones are a class apart in having very low apparent affinities for the receptor and very high apparent acceleratory efficacies; further, they anomalously lower the affinity to the receptor of another morphine-related drug present simultaneously. All observations are accounted for by equations derived from the assumption that compounds of this class can also attach to another receptor, stimulation of which likewise doubles the rate constant of the enzymatic hydrolysis and also modifies the affinity of drugs to the first-mentioned receptor.
Disordered gambling and co-morbidity of psychiatric disorders among college students: An examination of problem drinking, anxiety and depression

We assessed the occurrence of co-morbid psychiatric disorders (i.e., problem drinking, anxiety, and depression) among college students who met the threshold for disordered gambling. The participants included a large sample of undergraduate students (n = 1,430) who were enrolled in an introductory health course at a large, southeastern university in Spring 2011 and completed an online assessment that included scales to assess disordered gambling, problem drinking, anxiety, and depression. We calculated screening scores, computed prevalence rates for each disorder, and calculated Pearson correlations and Chi square tests to examine correlations and co-morbid relationships between the four disorders. Analyses indicated that all disorders were significantly associated (p < .01) except for disordered gambling and anxiety. Because college students who experience disordered gambling (and other psychiatric disorders) are at increased risk of experiencing co-occurring disorders, it might be useful for college health professionals to concurrently screen and intervene for co-occurring disorders.
Improving Wheat Quality Consistency by Density Segregation

The end-use quality of grain crops can vary significantly within a given field. Research was conducted in Northeastern Oregon to determine the amount of wheat quality variability due to landscape position and if improvements in the consistency of wheat quality delivered at the farm gate could be made by wheat segregation. The study was conducted on soft white winter wheat collected from fields representing three different cropping systems including annual cropped no-till, chemical fallow no-till and conventionally tilled summer fallow. Samples were taken from four areas in each field representative of the hilltops, north facing slope, bottom and south facing slopes and replicated three times. A portion from each sample collected was then combined proportionally to form an additional sample representative of the grain collected from the entire field. This combined sample was then separated into four density fractions using a gravity table. Grain from each sample location, representing the entire field and the four density fractions were analyzed for wheat quality factors including test weight, kernel weight, kernel size, kernel hardness and protein content. A combine yield monitor and protein sensor were used to record yield and protein across the entire field. The results will be analyzed to determine the amount of field variability in wheat yield and quality and if segregating the grain by density is a feasible method of improving grain quality consistency.
Automated Lab-on-a-Chip Analysis of DNA Fragments

The design of a fully automated system for the analysis of DNA fragments in 96–well plates is described. Microfluidic technology is used to integrate sample loading, electrophoretic analysis, and fragment detection onto a miniature lab-on-a-chip device. The microfluidic chip operates in an instrument platform that automates sample access, data collection, and data reporting. Each microfluidic chip provides sizing and concentration values for more than 1000 DNA samples.
Higher-order assembly of collagen peptides into nano- and microscale materials.

The triple-helical structure of collagen peptides has recently been harnessed as a subunit in the higher-order assembly of unique biomaterials. Specific assembly signals have been designed within collagen peptides, including hydrophobic groups, electrostatic interactions, and metal−ligand binding, to name a few. In this way, a range of novel assemblies have been obtained, including nano- to microscale fibers, gels, spheres, and meshes, each with the potential for novel biological applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.
Measurement of serum and salivary antibodies to the oral pathogen Bacteroides asaccharolyticus in human subjects

Abstract Antibodies against a capsular antigen of Bact. asaccharolyticus were measured in the serum (IgG) and saliva (IgA) by an enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay, ELISA. Serum IgG levels, measurable at all ages in a group of 143 subjects, increased with advancing age. Similar levels of IgG were present in a group of 8 patients with adult, rapidly advancing periodontitis and in 3 patients with juvenile periodontitis (periodontosis). Antibody levels in periodontitis were not significantly different from those of age-matched normal subjects. Levels of salivary IgA against Bact. asaccharolyticus determined in healthy volunteers and in adult and juvenile periodontitis patients were not statistically different among the three groups. Despite the putative importance of Bact. asaccharolyticus as a periodontal pathogen, serum IgG and salivary IgA antibodies against a capsular antigen from this organism appear to exist in similar quantities in controls and periodontitis patients.
Collective User Participation in Specifying Requirements of an Information System: Minimizing Differences Between Minority and Majority Voting Subgroups

This article investigates the impact of collective user participation in specifying requirements of an information system. The objectives of this study are to (1) examine the attitudinal and behavioral reactions of group members in the voting minority when a majority‐rule social decision scheme is used to determine decision outcomes, and (2) test the efficacy of two intervention techniques—justification and likelihood of amelioration—designed to minimize differences between voting minority and majority subgroups. In this study, referent cognition theory (RCT) is introduced into the accounting literature and, for the first time, RCT propositions are applied to social decision scheme research. Study findings indicate that, when compared to the voting majority, the minority subgroup recorded lower levels of process fairness, outcome fairness, outcome satisfaction, and actual task performance. Two attempts were made to minimize differences between minority and majority voting subgroups. Although the two inter...
Comparison of the efficiency of packed and capillary columns to be used in supercritical fluid chromatography for the analysis of nonvolatile compounds

A mixture of two amides has been used as a probe to achieve van Deemter plots for both packed and capillary columns employing as nearly as possible the same stationary phase, 100% CO2 as the mobile phase and isothermal/isoconfertic conditions. Linear velocity was varied via the use of various flow restrictor inner diameters. Chromatographic operating conditions were not optimized, but were those that have become routine in many laboratories. Plots of both capacity factor vs density and resolution vs density at different temperatures are presented for each column. Based on this study, various conclusions are drawn regarding the optimum performance of each column under different operating conditions. Direct injection with the capillary column yielded different optimum chromatographic parameters relative to split injection wherein the column was not overloaded.
Using Land Markets to Evaluate Urban Containment Programs

Abstract This article develops a theory of how urban containment programs should influence the regional land market, and then it develops a model to apply the theory to a case study. The results are threefold. First, the urban containment program employed by Salem, Oregon, separates the regional land market into urban and rural components. Second, by making greenbelts out of privately held farmland, the program prevents speculation of farmland in the regional land market. Third, greenbelts add an amenity value to urban land near them. The article suggests several policy implications that arise from the theory and case study.
The synthesis of all of the dimethyldibenzothiophenes and monoethyldibenzothiophenes

The synthesis of all four isomers of the monoethyldibenzothiophenes and all of the sixteen isomers of the dimethyldibenzothiophenes has been accomplished.
Stress fields due to dislocation arrays at interfaces

Abstract The stress formulas for dislocation arrays located at the interface between two different materials are derived and shown to be simple generalizations of the well-known formulas for arrays in homogeneous bodies. The results are given for arrays that consist of discrete distribution of edge dislocations, and for those modeled by a continuous distribution of infinitesimal dislocations. The far field stresses exerted by a discrete array represent the stress field of the corresponding continuous array. The stress distribution due to an infinite dislocation array beneath the free surface of a semi-infinite body is derived and used in conjunction with an energy criterion to discuss a condition for spontaneous nucleation of the dislocation array.
Endocytosis of G protein-coupled receptors: roles of G protein-coupled receptor kinases and ß-arrestin proteins

Sequestration of G protein-coupled receptors from the cell surface is a commonly observed phenomenon following agonist-stimulation. This process is now believed to be important for receptor resensitization as well as for signal transduction. Over the years, numerous studies have aimed at understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying internalization. Proteins such as the G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) and the beta-arrestins, which were initially characterized as desensitizing molecules, have been shown to be important regulators of the endocytic process. Recently, numerous interacting partners have been identified for each of these two classes of proteins. However, the details regarding the sequence of these interactions and the cross-talk between signaling pathways containing the different protein complexes are just beginning to be uncovered. In this review, we summarize these findings and discuss the role of GRKs and beta-arrestins, two families of key regulatory proteins that regulate G protein-coupled receptor endocytosis.
Electrophilic Substitution of Nitrogen Heterocycles by Molybdenum Sulfide Complexes

The electrophilic tetranuclear complex [(Cp‘Mo(μ-S))2(S2CH2)]2(BF4)2 (1: Cp‘ = C5H5 (1a), C5H4Me (1b)), in which two dinuclear complexes are joined by a sulfur−sulfur bond, reacts with the electron-rich nitrogen heterocycles pyrroles and indoles at room temperature. The reactions involve heterolytic scission of the disulfide bond by the nucleophiles followed by proton transfer, and the products are [(Cp‘Mo)2(S2CH2)(μ-S)(μ-SH)]BF4 (2) and [(Cp‘MoS)2(S2CH2)(μ-S)(μ-S-pyrrolyl)]BF4 (3−6). The reactions have been characterized for pyrrole, 1-methylpyrrole, 1,2,5-trimethylpyrrole, and 1-methylindole. The regiochemistry of the reactions depends on pyrrole substituents. Complex 1 also reacts readily with the coordinated pyrrolyl ligand in (PMe2Ph)3Cl2Re(NC4H4). The electrophilic substitution occurs on the 3-position of the heterocycle to form [(Cp‘Mo)2(S2CH2)(μ-S)(μ-SC4H3N)ReCl2(PMe2Ph)3]BF4 (7). Complex 7 undergoes a further reaction with 1 to give the hydrogen abstraction product [(Cp‘Mo)2(S2CH2)(μ-S2C4H2N)ReC...
Antibody Glycosylation and Its Impact on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Monoclonal Antibodies and Fc‐Fusion Proteins

Understanding the impact of glycosylation and keeping a close control on glycosylation of product candidates are required for both novel and biosimilar monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and Fc-fusion protein development to ensure proper safety and efficacy profiles. Most therapeutic mAbs are of IgG class and contain a glycosylation site in the Fc region at amino acid position 297 and, in some cases, in the Fab region. For Fc-fusion proteins, glycosylation also frequently occurs in the fusion partners. Depending on the expression host, glycosylation patterns in mAb or Fc-fusions can be significantly different, thus significantly impacting the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of mAbs. Glycans that have a major impact on PK and PD of mAb or Fc-fusion proteins include mannose, sialic acids, fucose (Fuc), and galactose (Gal). Mannosylated glycans can impact the PK of the molecule, leading to reduced exposure and potentially lower efficacy. The level of sialic acid, N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA), can also have a significant impact on the PK of Fc-fusion molecules. Core Fuc in the glycan structure reduces IgG antibody binding to IgG Fc receptor IIIa relative to IgG lacking Fuc, resulting in decreased antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activities. Glycoengineered Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) expression systems can produce afucosylated mAbs that have increased ADCC activities. Terminal Gal in a mAb is important in the complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) in that lower levels of Gal reduce CDC activity. Glycans can also have impacts on the safety of mAb. mAbs produced in murine myeloma cells such as NS0 and SP2/0 contain glycans such as Galα1-3Galβ1-4N-acetylglucosamine-R and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NGNA) that are not naturally present in humans and can be immunogenic when used as therapeutics.
Three Clusters of Conformational States in P450cam Reveal a Multistep Pathway for Closing of the Substrate Access Channel

Conformational changes in the substrate access channel have been observed for several forms of cytochrome P450, but the extent of conformational plasticity exhibited by a given isozyme has not been completely characterized. Here we present crystal structures of P450cam bound to a library of 12 active site probes containing a substrate analogue tethered to a variable linker. The structures provide a unique view of the range of protein conformations accessible during substrate binding. Principal component analysis of a total of 30 structures reveals three discrete clusters of conformations: closed (P450cam-C), intermediate (P450cam-I), and fully open (P450cam-O). Relative to P450cam-C, the P450cam-I state results predominantly from a retraction of helix F, while both helices F and G move in concert to reach the fully open P450cam-O state. Both P450cam-C and P450cam-I are well-defined states, while P450cam-O shows evidence of a somewhat broader distribution of conformations and includes the open form recently seen in the absence of substrate. The observed clustering of protein conformations over a wide range of ligand variants suggests a multistep closure of the enzyme around the substrate that begins by conformational selection from an ensemble of open conformations and proceeds through a well-defined intermediate, P450cam-I, before full closure to the P450cam-C state in the presence of small substrates. This multistep pathway may have significant implications for a full understanding of substrate specificity, kinetics, and coupling of substrate binding to P450 function.
Inequalities for Ising models and field theories which obey the Lee-Yang Theorem

A series of inequalities for partition, correlation, and Ursell functions are derived as consequences of the Lee-Yang Theorem. In particular, then-point Schwinger functions ofeven φ4 models are bounded in terms of the 2-point function as strongly as is the case for Gaussian fields; this strengthens recent results of Glimm and Jaffe and shows that renormalizability of the 2-point function by fourth degree counter-terms implies existence of a φ4 field theory with a moment generating function which is entire of exponential order at most two. It is also noted that ifany (even) truncated Schwinger function vanishes identically, the resulting field theory is a generalized free field.
Spanning Boundaries of Knowledge and Organization: Collaborations for Mind and Management in Higher Education

Higher education faces two interrelated challenges in a world of increasing demand for life-long learning, as well as for helping to address persistent societal issues such as poverty, and the forces of economic and cultural globalization. The first is intellectual, concerned with linking the contrasting and intersecting worlds of knowledge based in research and professional practice, in order to educate students as effective problemsolvers (Schon, 1987). The second is organizational, focusing on ways of relating academic specializations within the campus and across the campus–community boundary in response to needs for knowledge that transcend disciplinary boundaries (Boyer, 1990; Walshok, 1995). Predicting the degree to which these changes may take place in the United States is risky. They were described as a natural evolution in higher education nearly 40 years ago in Kerr’s (1963) classic description of the multi-versity as the institution that accommodates widely varying societal needs for knowledge, technology and credentialed expertise. Kerr’s vision seems now more rhetoric than reality. Many of the elite universities are driven by self-referential prestige focused on ‘big-ticket’ research, which spawns imitative efforts among other campuses, even in other countries, aspiring to raise their academic rankings. Pedagogy and organizational structure maintain their historical form with the ubiquity of didactic teaching, the primacy of research over practitioner knowledge, and the higher status of single-discipline departments over multidisciplinary and applied units. However, research on professional expertise and reflective practice supports the need for pedagogy that accords equal status to formal, didactically taught knowledge grounded in theory and research along with knowledge acquired through experiential means, often tacit and grounded in communities of professional practice (Brown and Duguid, 1991; McClintock, 1999; 2000; Schon, 1987; Sternberg and Horvath, 1999). This pedagogical goal is intertwined with an organizational Volume 8(2): 351–359 Copyright © 2001 SAGE (London, Thousand Oaks, CA and New Delhi)
Bis(ethyl-3-oxo-butanolato-O1, O3)-bis(2-propanolato) titanium (tyzor DCR) as a reactant and catalyst in the trimerization of 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (IEM)

The reaction of bis(ethyl-3-oxo-butanolato-O1, O3)-bis(2-propanolato)titanium (Tyzor DCR) and 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (IEM) in different molar ratios, at room temperature produced the trimer of IEM in high yields with ethyl acetoacetate, isopropyl acetoacetate, and titanium dioxide, which are derived from Tyzor DCR, as by-products. The reaction products were identified by FTIR,1H NMR,13C NMR, G.C. and M.S. procedures. The study showed that Tyzor DCR acts as a catalyst in this reaction.
Characterization of trans-acting regulatory elements affecting the expression of Mn-superoxide dismutase (sodA) in Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli strains harboringtrans-acting mutations affecting the expression of Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene (sodA) were used to studysodA regulation. Complementation studies revealed that eitherarc (aerobic respiratory control) orfur (ferric uptake regulation) loci independently complemented anaerobic expression of asodA::lacZ protein fusion in one mutant strain (UV16). This mutant exhibited phenotypes (i.e., elevated outer membrane proteins, enzyme activity, and dye sensitivity) typical offur andarc mutants. When these mutations were introduced into an otherwise wild-type background, anaerobicsodA expression occurred only when botharc andfur mutations were present simultaneously, suggesting cooperative roles of Fur and Arc insodA repression. The reconstructedfur arcA andfur arcB double mutants were still inducible by iron chelators, suggesting the possible involvement of another iron-containing repressor protein. A second independent mutant strain harboring atrans-acting regulatory mutation (UV14) was only partially complemented by multicopy plasmids carryingfur+ orarc+ genes, implicating other genetic elements insodA regulation.
A Calcium Coordination Framework Having Permanent Porosity and High CO2/N2 Selectivity

A thermally stable, microporous calcium coordination network shows a reversible 5.75 wt % CO2 uptake at 273 K and 1 atm pressure, with an enthalpy of interaction of ∼31 kJ/mol and a CO2/N2 selectivity over 45 under ideal flue gas conditions. The absence of open metal sites in the activated material suggests a different mechanism for selectivity and high interaction energy compared to those for frameworks with open metal sites.
Transcription of Spanish and Spanish-Influenced English

In the United States alone, almost 9% of the population-22 million individuals-speaks Spanish (Grimes, 1996). The population of Hispanics/Latinos is predicted to increase to 51 million individuals ...
Identification of the Naturally Occurring Flavin of Nitroalkane Oxidase from Fusarium oxysporum as a 5-Nitrobutyl-FAD and Conversion of the Enzyme to the Active FAD-containing Form

Nitroalkane oxidase from Fusarium oxysporum catalyzes the oxidation of nitroalkanes to aldehydes with production of nitrite and hydrogen peroxide. The UV-visible absorbance spectrum of the purified enzyme shows a single absorption peak at 336 nm with an extinction coefficient of 7.4 mM-1 cm-1. Upon denaturation of the enzyme at pH 7.0, a stoichiometric amount of FAD is released. The spectral properties of the enzyme as isolated are consistent with an N(5) adduct of the flavin. This is not due to a covalent linkage with the protein, since the free flavin adduct can be isolated from the enzyme at pH 2.1. The free flavin adduct shows an absorbance spectrum with a lambdamax at 346 nm (10.7 mM-1 cm-1) and is not fluorescent. Under alkaline conditions the free adduct decays, yielding FAD; the rate of this process is pH-dependent with a pKa of 7.4. Adduct decay is also observed with the native enzyme; in this case, however, the rate of decay is 160-fold slower (at pH 8.0) and not dependent on pH. During this process a large increase in enzymatic activity ( approximately 26-fold at pH 7.0) is observed, the rate of which is equal to the rate of flavin adduct conversion to FAD. Thus, the native flavin adduct is not active but can be converted to FAD, the active form of the flavin. Maximal activation is pH- and FAD-dependent; two groups with pKa values of 5.65 +/- 0. 25 and 8.75 +/- 0.05 must be unprotonated and protonated, respectively. The m/z- of the free flavin adduct is 103.0645 higher than that of FAD, as determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. This corresponds to a molecule of nitrobutane linked to FAD. A mechanism is proposed for the formation in vivo of the nitrobutyl-FAD of nitroalkane oxidase.
Ignition Study in a Gas Turbine Combustor

Abstract Experiments were conducted in a T63 engine combustor to: (I) gain a better understanding of the roles played by fuel properties and atomization in ignition and (2) give experimental verification of assumptions used in ignition models. Ten test fuels were used, some of which were specially blended to vary either viscosity or volatility while holding the other constant. Six atomizers were used to vary the fuel spray characteristics, and average drop sizes, represented by Sauler mean diameter (SMD), were measured. Air temperatures were varied from 239 to 310K. Ignition comparisons were made by the minimum fuel-air ratios required to achieve light-off. Measurements of gas velocity and fuel-air ratio were made at the spark gap. Approximate ignition delay times were determined from high-speed photographs of the ignition process. Significant results for this combustor included: (1) viscosity, which determined atomization characteristics, was more important than volatility in the ignition process, (2) ig...
The Impact of Proton Pump Inhibitors on the Human Gastrointestinal Microbiome

Potent gastric acid suppression using proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is common in clinical practice but may have important effects on human health that are mediated through changes in the gastrointestinal microbiome. In the esophagus, PPIs change the normal bacterial milieu to decrease distal esophageal exposure to inflammatory gram-negative bacteria. In the stomach, PPIs alter the abundance and location of gastric Helicobacter pylori and other bacteria. In the small bowel, PPIs cause polymicrobial small bowel bacterial overgrowth and have been associated with the diagnosis of celiac disease. In the colon, PPIs associate with incident but not recurrent Clostridium difficile infection.
Structure of Ru–Ti oxide aerogels: a SANS study

Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been used to characterize Ru–Ti oxide aerogels annealed under various atmospheres and temperatures. The pores were filled with H2O/D2O solutions that match the scattering properties of either RuO2 or TiO2, therefore scattering from the remaining unmatched phase is measured independently. The structure of the RuO2 and TiO2 components of the aerogel detected by SANS depends more on annealing temperature than annealing atmosphere. The results are consistent with a branched, polymeric network made up of 8–16 nm TiO2 particles and <5-nm RuO2 particles. The SANS results are supported by TEM. This study demonstrates that contrast-matching SANS is complementary to other techniques for characterizing the structure of two-phase aerogels.
Survey research in education: The need and the value

(1980). Survey research in education: The need and the value. Peabody Journal of Education: Vol. 57, No. 2, pp. 126-134.
Superposition of the notched strength of composite laminates

An improved macroscopic model for predicting the strength of a composite laminate containing a circular notch is developed. Two constants are introduced which uniquely determine the notch sensitivity of a given material. A superposition method for the notched strength of composite laminates is developed which allows data for arbitrary materials and laminate configurations to be superimposed upon a single master curve. The influence of material orthotropy upon notched strength is discussed. A relative notch sensitivity parameter is introduced which allows quantification of the notch sensitivity of a given composite material system, stacking sequence, or laminate configuration.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN AWARENESS OF AGING AMONG MARRIED ADULTS AGES 20 TO 60

Using national data from 1,508 married men and women between the ages of 20 and 60, this article addresses the question of how men and women differ in their perception of aging and whether their se...
A Taxonomic study of the calea orizabaensis complex and its bearing on the nomenclature of verbesina standleyi (Asteraceae)

Examination of type material ofVerbesina standleyi andCalea pachyphylla shows that the two taxa are conspecific. The older name,C. pachyphylla, has long been associated with the quite remote,C. orizabaensis. The latter is indistinguishable fromC. rupestris andC. guatemalensis; accordingly, these are placed in synonymy.Calea orizabaensis consists of two infraspecific taxa, var.orizabaensis and var.websteri; the latter is described as new.
Raman spectra of Pm2O3, PmF3, PmCl3, PmBr3 and PmI3

Raman spectral data are presented for the sesquioxide and the trihalides (F, Cl, Br and I) of promethium. The Raman spectra of these lanthanide compounds are reported for the first time and are compared with those of the homologous lanthanide compounds. Tentative symmetry assignments have been made for the observed Raman-active bands based on factor group analysis of their respective crystal structures and comparisons with the assigned Raman spectra of other lanthanide compounds. The characteristic band patterns of the Raman phonon spectra have been found to be very useful in determining the crystal structure of the respective promethium compounds.
Analysis of the Higher-Order Partial Correlation between CII Best Practices and Performance of the Design Phase in Fast-Track Industrial Projects

AbstractA fast-track project delivery strategy is designed to leverage the ability to execute the design, procurement, and construction phases simultaneously to substantially reduce the overall project duration. The successful execution of the design phase in fast-track projects is especially challenging because the concurrent execution of design and construction interferes with the inherently iterative nature of the design process. In this research, it was hypothesized that a correlation exists between the use of some of the Construction Industry Institute (CII) best practices and the performance of design phase in fast-track projects. Analysis of the performance of the design phase in 31 fast-track projects revealed a statistically significant correlation between performance of the design phase and front-end planning, alignment, constructability, and change management. The results of quantitative analysis are supported by qualitative analysis of data, opinion of experts from industry, and academia. The ...
Squamous cell carcinoma of the breast: A clinical approach

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the breast is rare. It remains unclear whether a “pure” form of SCC exists or if all known cases actually represent an extreme form of squamous metaplasia within adenocarcinoma. Due to its rarity and controversy ovr its definition, there are no good data on appropriate management and prognosis.
Modification of a transplantable colon tumor and immune responses in mice fed different sources of protein, fat and carbohydrate.

Abstract The effects of different sources of dietary protein, fat and carbohydrate on tumor development and on tests relating to cell-mediated immunity were investigated in male BALB c mice after subcutaneous injection of 8 × 104 1,2-dimethylhy drazine (DMH)-induced colon tumor (no. 51) cells. Results indicated that mice fed the milk protein source (especially at the low protein level) had smaller tumors, a higher spleen cell proliferative response to stimulation by phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and greater cytotoxic T-cell activity against the tumor cells than those fed the comparable diets containing protein from the other sources. Peripheral blood lymphocytes only from the milk-fed mice, regardless of tumor presence, exhibited a relatively low response to PHA stimulation, thereby suggesting a dietary effect on the migration pattern of PHA-responsive lymphocytes. The level of protein significantly affected both T-cell and natural killer cell cytotoxicity. The tumor-bearing mice fed the diet containing sucrose (table sugar) had a significantly lower spleen cell response to PHA stimulation than those fed the comparable diet containing dextrin. The level or source of fat did not significantly affect any of the parameters tested in this system.
Optimal Synthesis of the Asymmetric Sinistral/Dextral Markov–Dubins Problem

We consider a variation of the classical Markov–Dubins problem dealing with curvature-constrained, shortest paths in the plane with prescribed initial and terminal positions and tangents, when the lower and upper bounds of the curvature of the path are not necessarily equal. The motivation for this problem stems from vehicle navigation applications, when a vehicle may be biased in taking turns at a particular direction due to hardware failures or environmental conditions. After formulating the shortest path problem as a minimum-time problem, a family of extremals, which is sufficient for optimality, is characterized, and subsequently the complete analytic solution of the optimal synthesis problem is presented. In addition, the synthesis problem, when the terminal tangent is free, is also considered, leading to the characterization of the set of points that can be reached in the plane by curves satisfying asymmetric curvature constraints.
Metal-organic polyhedra 18 mixed-matrix membranes for gas separation

Abstract Crystals of highly soluble metal-organic polyhedra 18 (MOP-18) were synthesized and used as additives in Matrimid® 5218 to form mixed-matrix membranes. The MOP-18 linker was functionalized with long alkyl chains to help the crystals dissolve in common organic solvents. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the MOP-18 molecules do not aggregate into large particles even at loadings as high as 80 wt%, and the absence of polymer veins or polymer rigidification at the MOP-18/polymer interface was attributed to the improved dispersion of the MOP-18 molecules in the polymer matrix. The increase in the modulus of the membranes from 1.4 GPa for the pure polymer to 2.4 GPa upon incorporation of MOP-18 was attributed to the strong affinity of the polymer chains for the alkyl chains of MOP-18. Gas permeation results showed that the membranes became more permeable as the temperature was increased from 35 to 70 °C and that CO2 plasticization, which occurred at 35 °C and 8 bar, was minimized when the membranes were heated to 70 °C owing to an increase in the plasticization pressure to 21 bar. At 70 °C, the H2/CO2 selectivity remained constant when the transmembrane pressure was increased from 3 to 30 bar. The permeability and solubility data at high pressure and high temperature showed that the pore, core, and alkyl chains of MOP-18 introduced new sorption sites that significantly affected the gas transport properties of the membranes. The results also demonstrated that the MOP-18/polymer interface was mechanically stable at high pressure.
Effects of Auditory Context Cues and Training on Performance of a Point Estimation Sonification Task

SUMMARY Research on auditory graph interpretation has investigated mappings, scalings, and polarities, as well as the addition of some contextual design features like clicks. However, little has been done to quantify the benefits of those or other design features, or to investigate training in specific sonification tasks such as point estimation. In Study 1, 160 undergraduates listened to auditory graphs and estimated exact dollar values at specific points in the graph. X-axis context (clicks) improved performance by aiding time calibration. Y-axis context (reference tones) that provided scaling cues improved performance. In Study 2, listeners performed similar tasks with continuous as opposed to discrete stimuli, and with or without training. X-axis clicks did not help in this case. Training improved performance overall. When there was no training, y-axis context improved performance to the level of trained listeners, suggesting the effects of training and y-axis were comparable, but not additive. Copyright # 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhomogeneous and complementary antegrade and retrograde delivery of cardioplegic solution in the absence of coronary artery obstruction.

Inhomogeneous delivery of cardioplegic solution may result in postischemic myocardial injury. This study compares the distribution of warm blood antegrade and retrograde cardioplegia to multiple discrete left ventricular myocardial regions in pigs with unobstructed coronary arteries. Cardioplegic solution was delivered antegradely and retrogradely at 150 ml/min, and flows to 1152 individual myocardial regions were determined twice for each route with four different radiolabeled microspheres. The antegrade system delivered greater flow to each gram of myocardium than did the retrograde system (1.37 ± 0.31 versus 0.39 ± 0.09 ml/gm per minute, p
Oropharyngeal and esophageal swallowing impairments: their association and the predictive value of the modified barium swallow impairment profile and combined multichannel intraluminal impedance-esophageal manometry.

Objectives:Deglutition is a highly integrated process of neural signaling and coordinated muscular contraction that begins with bolus preparation in the oral cavity and ends with closure of the low...
Human platelets contain and release TWEAK

The multifunctional cytokine, TWEAK (TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis), is a member of the TNFα superfamily. TWEAK is found in a broad range of cell types and has been linked to cell growth and survival, angiogenesis and other inflammatory processes. These functions and their importance in inflammatory diseases have made TWEAK an attractive pharmaceutical target, particularly for immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Immunotherapy targeting another TNFα family member, CD154, was associated with thrombosis in clinical trials. Subsequent studies identified platelets, which contain CD154, as a possible contributing factor to thrombosis in these trials. Since clinical trials with anti-TWEAK mAbs have already begun, we considered it important to determine whether platelets contain TWEAK. Using a variety of immunologic methods we found that, upon activation, human platelets expose TWEAK antigen and release it in soluble form (sTWEAK). By flow cytometry we determined that human platelets activated by TRAP (Thrombin Receptor Agonist Peptide) and other agonists expose TWEAK antigen (22% median positivity) and release TWEAK positive microparticles. The presence of TWEAK on platelets was confirmed by confocal microscopy. By ELISA, we found that sTWEAK is released by activated platelets. Finally, western blot analysis revealed TWEAK protein (34 kDa) in washed platelet lysates. The finding that human platelets contain TWEAK raises important questions about its possible functions in normal physiology, as well as in inflammatory diseases and their treatment.
Biological and environmental controls on tree transpiration in a suburban landscape

[1] Tree transpiration provides a variety of ecosystem services in urban areas, including amelioration of urban heat island effects and storm water management. Tree species vary in the magnitude and seasonality of transpiration owing to differences in physiology, response to climate, and biophysical characteristics, thereby complicating efforts to manage evapotranspiration at city scales. We report sap flux measurements during the 2007 and 2008 growing seasons for dominant tree species in a suburban neighborhood of Minneapolis–Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA. Evergreen needleleaf trees had significantly higher growing season means and annual transpiration per unit canopy area (1.90 kg H2O m−2 d−1 and 307 kg H2O m−2 yr−1, respectively) than deciduous broadleaf trees (1.11 kg H2O m−2 d−1 and 153 kg H2O m−2 yr−1, respectively) because of a smaller projected canopy area (31.1 and 73.6 m2, respectively), a higher leaf area index (8.8 and 5.5 m2 m−2, respectively), and a longer growth season (8 and 4 months, respectively). Measurements also showed patterns consistent with the species' differences in xylem anatomy (conifer, ring porous, and diffuse porous). As the growing season progressed, conifer and diffuse porous genera had increased stomatal regulation to high vapor pressure deficit, while ring porous genera maintained greater and more constant stomatal regulation. These results suggest that evaporative responses to climate change in urban ecosystems will depend in part on species composition. Overall, plant functional type differences in canopy structure and growing season length were most important in explaining species' differences in midsummer and annual transpiration, offering an approach to predicting the evapotranspiration component of urban water budgets.
Three-dimensional surface reconstruction using computational stereopsis

A computer process for reconstructing 3D objects using two spatially separated photographic images is introduced and implemented. Normalized cross-correlation is used to locate feature points which are common to both 2D images. The displacements of these feature points are used to generate disparity maps, and disparity values can be used to compute x,y,z locations. Since disparity maps are typically noisy and not fully populated with known disparity points, a mathematical curve fitting is necessary to fill in missing points and smooth the data. Adaptive smoothing algorithms have been investigated and used to develop a method for refining the disparity map and reconstructing 3D surfaces.
Anisotropic diffusion of the state of polarization in optical fibers with randomly varying birefringence.

Polarization diffusion in communication fibers is studied. Diffusion of the states of polarization in an optical fiber is found to be anisotropic on the surface of the Poincare sphere. The predicted anisotropy has significant implications for nonlinear evolution in long-distance communication systems.
Structure of O-Specific Side Chains of Lipopolysaccharides from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

Lipopolysaccharide prepared from cells of Yersinia (Pasteurella) pseudotuberculosis of serogroups I, II, III, IV, and V is known to contain the 3,6-dideoxyhexose (DDH) paratose, abequose, paratose, tyvelose, and ascarylose in its respective O-specific side chains. Lipopolysaccharides or lipid-free polysaccharides of all of the 10 known serogroups and subgroups were subjected to methylation analysis and determined as alditol acetates by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The results indicated that the O-specific side chains of nine serotypes are composed of oligosaccharide repeating units in the form of four alternative general structures in which a terminal DDH may vary. These structures are DDH [Formula: see text] 6-deoxy-d-manno-heptose [Formula: see text] d-galactose (serogroups IA, IIA, and IVB), DDH [Formula: see text] d-mannose [Formula: see text] l-fucose (serogroups IB and IIB), and two configurations similar to the latter except that the 4-position of l-fucose was either linked to the d-mannose residue (serogroups VA and VB) or to the DDH residue (serogroups III and IVA). In contrast, O-groups in lipopolysaccharide of the newly discovered serogroup VI contained the DDH colitose and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-galactose. Accordingly, all five known types of DDH have now been detected in lipopolysaccharides of Y. pseudotuberculosis. The sugar 6-deoxy-d-manno-heptose, present in O-specific side chains of serogroups IA, IIA, and IVB, has not yet been reported to occur elsewhere in nature.
CHRONOLOGY OF RAINBOW TROUT REPRODUCTION IN A WARMWATER TRIBUTARY OF THE CHATTAHOOCHEE RIVER : USING AN INVASIVE SPECIES AS AN INDICATOR OF WATERSHED INTEGRITY

The Chattahoochee River near Atlanta, Georgia, USA is a stocked tailwater trout (Salmonidae) fishery and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) have been found to spawn in selected warmwater tributary streams. Because these stocked fish enter non-stocked waters and produce offspring that reside year-round, they are technically invasive. One tributary in particular, Cabin Creek, has had documented spawning activity for three consecutive years since the stream was monitored. We chronicled the production of the 2006 year-class of rainbow trout in this small, warmwater tributary to the Chattahoochee River. Based on electrofishing samples and otolith microstructure, the 2006 year-class of trout were produced from spawning that occurred from 6 February 2006 to 10 March 2006. Fish from this year-class grew from an average size of 34.28 mm total length (TL) on 26 April 2007 to 102.00 mm TL on 14 May 2007, which is an average increase in size of 67.72 mm over a 383-day period or 0.18 mm/day. Water temperatures in the stream were near the lethal limits for rainbow trout, reaching a maximum of 24.57°C on 1 August 2006 and a maximum 7-day average maximum (M7DAM) of 22.99°C on 7 August 2006. The watershed of Cabin Creek is one of the least urbanized in the area, protected from development within lands owned by the National Park Service, with high levels of forest cover, which facilitates rainbow trout young-of-year survival through the summer. Thus, the documented spawning and young-of-year survival of this invasive species appears to be indicative of high forested watershed integrity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Indigenous Architecture and the Spanish American Plaza in Mesoamerica and the Caribbean

Plazas are often important spatial representations of society and social hierarchy. The grid-plan plazas built in Mesoamerica and the Caribbean under the direction of the Spanish have been interpreted as architectural representations of colonial control and oppression. Underlying these interpretations is the tacit assumption that plaza-centered gridded urban design was of solely European derivation, in spite of considerable evidence of pre-Columbian contributions. This chapter argues that the correspondence between indigenous forms and Spanish reconstruction—both modelled on the grid layout—is so well documented that the denial of its significance is startling. In fact, the ethnohistorical and archaeological evidence suggests that the colonial plaza evolved from both indigenous and Spanish influences and models that created a new urban design form. Consequently, cultural tensions of conquest and resistance are embedded in this urban design and accompanied architecture.
A secure pervasive health care system using location dependent unicast key generation scheme

Remote health monitoring has tremendous potential to improve quality of health care services in modern and ubiquitous medical environments. It helps to cut the cost in modern healthcare by avoiding unnecessary hospital visits for frequent checkups. In this context, security and protection of sensitive medical data such as Electronic Health Records (EHR), data integrity and protection of patient's privacy to be monitored are important aspects in order to increase user's acceptance of these new technologies. Secure communication protects data from unauthorized users and usually requires pair-wise keys. In all existing schemes these keys are generated and distributed to nodes wishing to communicate. The key generation phase is usually well-secured but the key distribution is not, as a result, they are vulnerable to security threats. This paper presents an overview of security threats in pervasive healthcare and presents a secure communication scheme which unlike other schemes does not store a key chain in the memory from a universal key space and eliminate key broadcast. Simulation and results indicate that our scheme outperforms the existing schemes by decreasing transmission and storage cost.