cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Thioacetamide on the Incorporation of [3H]-Thymidine into Dna of 13 Tissues and on the Mitotic Index of the Corneal Epithelium of Bd2F1 in Male Mice while Taking into Consideration Circadian Variation

An investigation was done to assess the effect of a single intraperitoneal (ip) injection of thioacetamide on the incorporation of [3H]TdR into DNA of 13 different tissues and on the mitotic index of the corneal epithelium of mice. Seven-week-old CD2F1 mice, who had been standardized to 12 hours (hr) of light alternating with 12 hr of darkness, and fed ad libitum were used. The experimental design took into consideration the circadian variation that characterizes cell proliferation in all of the tissues studied. This was done by killing subgroups of seven animals every 6hr for 96 hr. Thirty minutes prior to killing all mice were injected ip with 25 μCi of [3H]-thymidine and its incorporation into DNA was determined. The tissues of all thioacetamide and saline treated mice showed marked circadian variation in DNA synthesis. Thioacetamide treatment brought about significant (P < 0.05) stimulation of DNA synthesis in the liver and kidney thus confirming, but extending an earlier finding. Moreover, the data s...
Driven diffusion, Kawasaki dynamics, mixing, and spatial ordering in an interacting lattice gas.

Kawasaki dynamics is used to study the transport properties of a nonequilibrium steady state system of interacting lattice gas of oppositely charged particles in a linear gradient field in two dimensions. The rms displacements show unusual nondiffusive transport. The effective conductivity varies with the temperature which deviates from the Arrhenius law and depends on the range of interaction. Density of a fully mixed state decays with temperature with a power law. Onset of spatial ordering occurs in a certain temperature range at a fixed range of interaction.
Hetero‐α‐helical, two‐chain coiled‐coils. Clam–worm hybrid paramyosins

The specificity of the interaction between the α-helices in two-chain coiled-coils is investigated by studying the formation of hybrid molecules in which one α-helix is a clam paramyosin chain and the other a worm paramyosin chain. Hybrids are formed by mixing, denaturation, and subsequent renaturation. Comparison is made with a blank solution in which renaturation precedes mixing, thus precluding hybridization. Hybrids are detected by a ruse based on the presence of free sulfhydryl functions on calm chains. This allows molecules comprising two clam chains to be covalently crosslinked by oxidation with 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate). Worm paramyosin chains have no sulfhydryl, so molecules comprising two worm chains or hybrid molecules comprising one chain of each type cannot crosslink. When run on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, therefore, the protein separates into two well-resolved regions, one containing one-chain species and the other two-chain species. When the gels are scanned and quantitated, the hybrids show up as an increase in the fraction of material in the one-chain band compared with the fraction in the blank solution. When renaturation is direct, we find that the fraction of renaturated molecules that are hybrids varies from ∼10% at 5°C to ∼5% at 25°C. These are judged to be nonequilibrium (quenched) values. When renaturation is by slow annealing, the equilibrium fraction hybrids are ∼4% and show a modest, but measurable, increase with increasing temperature. These data allow calculation of the equilibrium constant Kh and standard free energy for the hybridization reaction: (1/2)CC + (½)WW = CW, in which C(W) stands for an α-helical clam (worm) polypeptide chain. The temperature dependence gives the standard enthalpy and entropy of the reaction. We find ΔH ≃ 1800 cal mol−1 and ΔH ≃ 1.4 cal mol−1K−1, using molarity concentration units and the infinitely dilute solution in NaCl/phosphate buffer as reference state. The possible molecular significance of these values is discussed, and it is concluded that the observed standard entropy arises essentially entirely from the rotational dissymmetry of the hybrids.
Unconfined membranes: Transfer performance and module design

Abstract The transfer performance and power requirements of unconfined sealed end hollow fiber membranes were studied. Membrane modules, operated in the sealed end mode, were pressurized with oxygen and placed within a submerged rectangular jet discharge. This design is especially well suited for use in waters containing high solids concentrations. The membranes have a greater degree of freedom for movement and are, therefore, less likely to become fouled due to solids being lodged within the fiber bundle. Furthermore, because the membranes are not enclosed within a tubular shell, head losses across the membranes are reduced. In a related study, Johnson et al. [1] developed a mass-transfer correlation for unconfined membranes similarly situated within a circular jet discharge. In this study, the mass-transfer correlation developed for circular jets is verified experimentally for larger rectangular module designs better suited for use in large scale applications. The headlosses across the modules are characterized in detail as a function of water flowrate and membrane spacing. These data are used to estimate the power requirements for different designs under a variety of operating conditions. The mass-transfer rates and corresponding power requirements for the unconfined configuration are compared with other membrane configurations.
Experimental Measurement of Alford’s Force in Axial Flow Turbomachinery

Abstract : In 1965, J. S. Alford published a theory and mathematical model (1) which predicts that circumferential variation of blade-tip clearances in axial-flow turbomachinery will produce cross-coupled (normal to the eccentricity) aerodynamic forces on the rotor. Ever since then, the theory has been used (without experimental verification) by rotor dynamicists as one of the few mathematical models available to calculate the cross-coupled aerodynamic stiffness coefficients required for rotordynamic stability analysis. This paper presents the results of experimental measurements made on a small, high speed, axial flow test apparatus to verify the existence of Alford's force and to investigate the validity of his mathematical prediction model.
Collaboration: The Key to Unlocking the Dilemma of Distance Reference Services

SUMMARY Distant education offerings are growing at a phenomenal rate for academic institutions, creating new groups of library users that are remote from the main campus with unique library and research needs. Recent studies examining the needs of this unique and growing population note that reference and research assistance are key services needed. Many institutions have appointed or hired distance education librarians to help provide services to distant learners. They are often, however, one-person operations that function more as coordinators rather than full-service providers. Since the coordinator cannot provide all of the reference services alone, the key to providing these services for distant education students is to create and sustain good working relationships both in the library and with external entities. Offerings to distance students include phone reference and accessibility to online resources, plus virtual reference and often 24/7 services. This article will examine issues and experiences ...
A new 3D finite element for adaptive h‐refinement in 1‐irregular meshes

A new finite element, viable for use in the three-dimensional simulation of transient physical processes with sharply varying solutions, is presented. The element is intended to function in adaptive h-refinement schemes as a versatile transition between regions of different refinement levels, ensuring interelement continuity by constructing a piecewise linear solution at the element boundaries, and retaining all degrees of freedom in the solution phase. Construction of the element shape functions is described, and a numerical example is presented which illustrates the advantages of using such an element in an adaptive refinement problem. The new element can be used in moving-front problems, such as those found in reservoir engineering and groundwater flow applications.
Asymmetrical Ligands in the Potassium Channel Cavity

Quaternary ammonium (QA) compounds are the most extensively studied class of potassium channel blockers. Molecules such as tetraethylammonium (TEA) and tetrabutylammonium (TBA) have long been used in functional experiments designed to elucidate the drug-binding, ion-binding and gating behaviors of a wide variety of potassium channels. More recently, the development of potassium channel crystallization techniques has allowed co-crystal structures of KcsA in complex with QAs to be solved. The four-fold symmetry of potassium channels, however, has limited such experiments to symmetrical QA molecules, meaning that the binding sites for pharmacological important molecules remain unknown. Molecules such as octyltriethylammonium (C8), local anesthetics and anti-arrhythmics likely bind at or near the known QA binding site, but the hydrophobic interactions that stabilize these molecules have yet to be resolved due to a symmetry mismatch between the channel and its blockers. Here we present several strategies for overcoming this symmetry mismatch and solving the structure of KcsA in complex with asymmetrical molecules. We have used these strategies to solve the structure of KcsA in complex with a number of asymmetrical ligands - including C8, C10, several arsenic-containing derivatives of asymmetrical QA molecules and amiodarone. Our structures demonstrate the existence of a hydrophobic binding site located between the inner helices of two KcsA monomers and suggest this region of the channel may be important for the stabilization of “drug-like” ligands in the potassium channel cavity.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Women Diagnosed With Binge Eating Disorder: A Case-Series Study

Binge eating disorder (BED) is an eating disorder marked by a recurrence of eating unusually large amounts of food in one sitting along with feeling a loss of control over eating and experiencing marked distress. Outcomes from two adult women with BED who voluntarily participated in 10 weekly sessions of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy are presented. Binge eating was self-monitored daily prior to and throughout treatment. The average frequency of weekly binge eating across both participants at pretreatment was 5.7 times, which decreased to 2.5 per week at posttreatment, and 1.0 per week at follow-up. The improvements were particularly significant for Participant 1, who no longer met criteria for BED at posttreatment and follow-up. Similarly, both participants demonstrated improvements in body image flexibility throughout the course of study. A discussion of the results is presented along with implications for clinical practice and future directions in research.
An Observable Silene/Silylene Rearrangement in a Cationic Iridium Complex

The iridium complex Cp*(PMe3)Ir(Me)(SiMe2OTf) (2) reacts with LiB(C6F5)4(Et2O)2 to form a mixture of the silene complex [Cp*(PMe3)Ir(η2-CH2SiMe2)(H)][B(C6F5)4] (3) and the base-stabilized silylene complex [Cp*(PMe3)Ir(Me)(SiMe2(Et2O))][B(C6F5)4] (4). The silene complex 3 has been crystallographically characterized. Addition of pyridine to this mixture affords Cp*(PMe3)Ir(Me)(SiMe2(L)][B(C6F5)4] (5a, L = pyridine) in good yield, whereas addition of CO or ethylene results in clean formation of Cp*(PMe3)Ir(L)(SiMe3)][B(C6F5)4] (8a, L = CO; 8b, L = C2H4).
A one-sweep method for linear elliptic equations over irregular domains

The determination of the configuration of equilibrium in a number of problems in mechanics and structures such as torsion, deflection of elastic membranes,etc., involve the solution of variational problems defined over irregular regions. This problem, in turn, may be reduced to the solution of elliptic differential equations subject to boundary conditions. In this paper, we study a method for the solution of such a problem when the region is of irregular shape. The method consists in solving the problem over a larger, imbedding, rectangular domain subject to appropriate constraints such as to satisfy the conditions of the original problem at the boundary. In this paper, we introduce the constraints by considering appropriate factors on the Green's function of the auxiliary problem. A conveniently discretized version of the problem is then treated by invariant imbedding, yielding some earlier results plus some new ones, namely, a direct one-sweep procedure that minimizes storage requirements. In addition, the present solution appears to be very convenient when the solution is required at a limited number of points. The derivations are specialized to Laplace's equation, but the method can be applied readily to general systems of second-order elliptic equations with no essential modifications. Finally, the existence of the necessary matrices in the imbedding equations is established.
Efficacy of aphasia treatment using microcomputers

Abstract Microcomputers and treatment programs are discussed with respect to aphasia rehabilitation. The microcomputer is described as a powerful clinical tool that can administer treatment activities designed by a clinician or programmer and measure patient performance on tasks. Sophisticated programs can modify tasks and provide appropriate cues in response to the performance of patients. A computer, however, is only as good as its software. Treatment programs are limited less by hardware than by the lack of familiarity and technical knowledge of clinicians and researchers with microcomputers and programs. Evaluative procedures should not be by-passed in the rush to develop treatment software. Recently reported group and single–case design studies are described that investigate the efficacy of various computerized treatment programs. Recommendations are made for future development and evaluation of treatment programs.
Pencil Excitation with Interleaved Fourier Velocity Encoding: NMR Measurement of Aortic Distensibility

A technique is presented for rapidly and noninvasively determining aortic distensibility, by NMR measurement of pulse-wave velocity in the aorta. A cylinder of magnetization is excited along the aorta, with Fourier-velocity encoding and readout gradients applied along the cylinder axis. Cardiac gating and data interleaving improve the effective time resolution to as high as 3 ms. Wave velocities are determined from the position of the foot of the flow wave in the velocity profiles. Evidence of helical flow distal to the aortic arch can be seen in normal subjects, while disturbed flow patterns are visible in patients with aneurysms and dissections.
Development and validation of a measure of academic entitlement: individual differences in students' externalized responsibility and entitled expectations

Four studies present the validation of a self-report scale capturing academic entitlement, which is defined as the tendency to possess an expectation of academic success without a sense of personal responsibility for achieving that success. The Academic Entitlement scale possesses a 2-factor structure (Study 1); 10 items measure students' Externalized Responsibility for their academic success, and 5 items measure students' self-serving Entitled Expectations about professors and course policies. In Study 2, the Externalized Responsibility subscale correlated positively with related measures of entitlement, grandiosity, and narcissism, and it was negatively related to self-esteem, personal control, need for cognition, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. In Study 3, participants rated various responses to academic situations selected by university instructors as highly inappropriate or highly appropriate. The Academic Entitlement scale predicted students' ratings of the appropriateness of these student behaviors as well as the likelihood that they themselves would engage in these behaviors. In a laboratory setting, individuals with high Academic Entitlement scores evaluated the researcher more negatively than those with low Academic Entitlement scores (Study 4). Practical applications are discussed.
Relationship between Sleep Disorders and the Risk for Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Sleep is increasingly being recognized as an important factor in the homeostasis of multiple body functions, including blood glucose metabolism. One of the most common sleep disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, is not only highly prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but may contribute to the development of abnormalities in blood glucose metabolism. Evidence suggests that effectively treating sleep apnea, specifically with continuous positive airway pressure, improves glycemic and nonglycemic outcomes. Other common sleep disorders, such as insufficient sleep, shift work disorder, and restless legs syndrome, may also have a significant influence on the development and management of diabetes and its complications. The purpose of this article is to review the recent literature on the relationship between sleep disorders and blood glucose metabolism.
Additive summable processes and their stochastic integral

We define and study a class of summable processes, called additive summable processes, that is larger than the class used by Dinculeanu and Brooks [D-B].
Psychoacoustic model compensation with robust feature set for speaker verification in additive noise

This paper addresses the problem of speaker verification in the presence of additive noise for resource deficient languages. Psychoacoustic model compensation (Psy-Comp) has been shown to impart noise robustness to Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) based speaker verification systems using Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs). This work extends the idea of Psy-Comp to incorporate a more robust feature set, which includes Cepstral Mean Subtraction (CMS) and Δ coefficients along with the MFCCs. We propose a model domain CMS operation following the psychoacoustic compensation for improved performance in additive noise. An advantage of this approach is that it does not require specialized developmental data and hence it may be suitable for resource deficient languages. Experiments conducted with the NIST-2000 database corrupted with real-life street noise show improved performance with the proposed method.
Invited Commentary on “Low Interrater Reliability of Examiners Performing the Prone Instability Test: A Clinical Test for Lumbar Shear Instability”

Abstract Hicks GE. Invited commentary on "low interrater reliability of examiners performing the prone instability test: a clinical test for lumbar shear instability." The stated purpose of the article by Ravenna and colleagues is to examine the reliability of the prone instability test (PIT) in the hands of novice clinicians, as previous reliability studies have primarily included more experienced clinicians. They conclude that the interrater reliability for the PIT is low when performing the test as described in the current literature; however, their conclusions should be interpreted cautiously given the significant modifications made to standardize the PIT in their study, as these changes greatly limit the capacity to make direct comparisons to earlier reliability studies of the PIT. The modifications to the PIT used in this study are discussed, including the use of a stabilization belt, alternate positioning of the hips and knees, and the use of a stool for foot placement.
Discovery of Natural Atypical Nonhemolytic Listeria seeligeri Isolates

We found seven Listeria isolates, initially identified as isolates with the Xyl+ Rha− biotype of Listeria welshimeri by phenotypic tests, which exhibited discrepant genotypic properties in a well-validated Listeria species identification oligonucleotide microarray. The microarray gives results of these seven isolates being atypical hly-negative L. seeligeri isolates, not L. welshimeri isolates. The aberrant L. seeligeri isolates were d-xylose fermentation positive, l-rhamnose fermentation negative (Xyl+ Rha−), and nonhemolytic on blood agar and in the CAMP test with both Staphylococcus aureus (S− reaction) and Rhodococcus equi (R− reaction). All genes of the prfA cluster of L. seeligeri, located in the prs-ldh region, including the orfA2, orfD, prfA, orfE, plcA, hly, orfK, mpl, actA, dplcB, plcB, orfH, orfX, orfI, orfP, orfB, and orfA genes, were checked by PCR and direct sequencing for evidence of their presence in the atypical isolates. The prs-prfA cluster-ldh region of the L. seeligeri isolates was approximately threefold shorter due to the loss of orfD, prfA, orfE, plcA, hly, orfK, mpl, actA, dplcB, plcB, orfH, orfX, and orfI. The genetic map order of the cluster genes of all the atypical L. seeligeri isolates was prs-orfA2-orfP-orfB-orfA-ldh, which was comparable to the similar region in L. welshimeri, with the exception of the presence of orfA2. DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 17 housekeeping genes indicated an L. seeligeri genomic background in all seven of the atypical hly-negative L. seeligeri isolates. Thus, the novel biotype of Xyl+ Rha− Hly− L. seeligeri strains can only be distinguished from Xyl+ Rha− L. welshimeri strains genotypically, not phenotypically. In contrast, the Rha+ Xyl+ biotype of L. welshimeri would not present an identification issue.
A survey on entrepreneurship and innovation

Abstract This article attempts to use the early works of Joseph A. Schumpeter to more clearly functionally define both entrepreneurship and innovation in their current usage. The case is made that much of the more recent literature concerning entrepreneurship and innovation can be traced in origin to Schumpeter’s works in the zx1930s. Much of the literature on innovation of the 1960s and 1970s either resembles or builds on the works of Schumpeter and the impending debate by economic scholars about his criteria for innovation and its relevance to economics. The article also separates the concepts of capitalist and entrepreneur as did Schumpeter and, therefore, attempts to dispel the current notion that an entrepreneur is synonymous with the small business owner or capitalist. Innovation is used as the key, and therefore function, of a sociological type of individual known as the entrepreneur. Currently accepted concepts of technology change and technology development are discussed within the framework of economics and are linked to Schumpeter’s view of innovation as economic activity that changes the production function.
Pregnancy outcomes in a recurrent preterm birth prevention clinic

Objective We sought to compare rates of recurrent spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) and neonatal morbidity between women enrolled in a recurrent PTB prevention clinic compared to those receiving usual care. Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of women with a single, nonanomalous fetus and ≥1 spontaneous PTB Results Seventy recurrent PTB prevention clinic and 153 usual-care patients were included. Both groups had similar pregnancy histories. Recurrent PTB prevention clinic patients had increased utilization of resources, had lower rates of recurrent spontaneous PTB (48.6% vs 63.4%, P = .04), delivered later (mean 36.1 vs 34.9 weeks, P = .02), and had lower rates of composite major neonatal morbidity (5.7% vs 16.3%, P = .03). Conclusion Women referred to a consultative recurrent PTB prevention clinic had reduced rates of recurrent spontaneous prematurity and major neonatal morbidity.
The antiviral activities of ISG15

Post-translational protein modification is an important strategy for the regulation of the cell proteome independent of the need for new gene expression. Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifiers mediate the regulation of protein levels, signaling pathways, vesicular trafficking, and many other cellular processes through their covalent conjugation to proteins. Interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a ubiquitin-like modifier induced by type I interferon. In addition to conjugating to potentially hundreds of target proteins, ISG15 can be found in an unconjugated form both inside of the cell and released from interferon stimulated cells into the extracellular environment. Due to its robust expression after type I interferon stimulation and the broad panel of proteins that it targets, ISG15 has drawn much attention as a potential regulator of the immune response and has been shown to mediate protection in a number of different viral infection models. Here we will review the current state of the field of ISG15, the viruses against which ISG15 mediates protection, and the mechanisms by which ISG15 exerts antiviral activity.
Immunohistochemical investigation of regional cerebral ischemia in the gerbil: occlusion of the posterior communicating artery.

Evolution, progression and recovery of neural damage during and following cerebral ischemia were investigated in the gerbil after occlusion of a posterior communicating artery and by using the immunohistochemical reaction for tubulin and creatine kinase BB-isoenzyme which are enriched in the neuronal structure and the reaction for astroprotein which is specific for astrocytes. The transcardiac perfusion study with India ink revealed marked hypoperfursion diffusely in the hippocampus and moderately in the thalamus on the occluded side. The earliest immunohistochemical lesion, manifested as loss of the reaction for tubulin and creatine kinase BB-isoenzyme in dendrites and nerve cell bodies, was found in the CA1 and CA2 region of the hippocapus after ischemia for 4 min, while it took 10 min before the earliest lesion became visible in the ventral nucleus of the thalamus and it took over 1 h before scattered lesions evolved in granular cells of the dentate gyrus. The staining with hematoxylin-eosin was much less sensitive in detection of early ischemic lesions. After re-establishment of blood flow to the posterior communicating artery, the ischemic lesions which were visualized with the reaction for tubulin or creatine kinase BB-isoenzyme disappeared or reduced the size, if the ischemic period was brief. Beyond a certain ischemic period, the lesion expanded further during the early postischemic period. The reaction for astroprotein visualized reactive astrocytes even in the area without any abnormalities with other reactions, an evidence of subtle ischemic insults.
Berthold Auerbach’s Deutscher Volks‐Kalender: Editing as Political Agenda

An analysis of Berthold Auerbach’s Deutscher Volks-Kalender (1858–69) reveals how Auerbach attempted to participate in and to shape the discourse on national identity. One of the most popular writers of his day, he used his position as editor to carry out a political agenda that advocated German unification. He attempted to unify the diverse strata of society by providing specific ideas and values – above all on German unification and emigration – that would be understood and accepted by the practical as well as the literary reader. Many stories and essays called directly or indirectly for a united Germany. Others dealt with the hot topic of America during the Civil War as a means to encourage Germans to remain in Germany. Auerbach routinely engaged like-minded contributors from the fields of politics, science, sociology, and the arts to create a multidisciplinary forum on nationhood. By employing images of family, friendship, and the organic and also by conjuring up a common literary tradition in Friedrich Schiller, Auerbach projected his concept of nation onto a popular form of mass culture – the calendar.
Proposed Ocean Shipping Reform Act's likely effects on conferences and rates

This paper examines the likely effects of the proposed Ocean Shipping Reform Act now being considered by the U.S. Congress. Specifically, it considers whether ocean shipping conferences are likely to continue to exist after deregulation and the probable effect on rates resulting from those parts of the proposed legislation which would end public tariff filing requirements, permit the negotiation of confidential service contracts, and continue antitrust immunity for ocean carriers. The proposed legislation may weaken shipping conferences, but it is unlikely to eliminate them. This conclusion is based on the long history of survival of shipping conferences, the theory of the empty core, possible economic advantages resulting from conferences, and continued antitrust immunity for ocean carriers under the proposed legislation. Moreover, the proposed legislation is likely to continue, if not strengthen, the frequent current practice of offering discounted service contracts. This conclusion is based on recent empirical studies and laboratory market experiments, as well as several recently negotiated nonconfidential service contracts.
600 kG superconductors

Abstract Upper critical fields, H C2 ( T ), for Sn-, SnAl-, and Pb- molybdenum sulfide superconducting materials were measured in dc fields to 215 kG and pulsed fields to 495 kG. For the highest T c (14.4 K) Pb compounds H c2 (4.2K) is approximately 510 kG and extrapolates to H C 2 (0)=600 kG. These are the highest critical fields reported for any superconductor.
Diagnosis and Management of Ophthalmic Emergencies in the Hospital

1. Papilledema is defined as bilateral optic disc swelling caused by increased intracranial pressure. 2. Papilledema is most commonly caused by intracranial mass lesions, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, hydrocephalus, intracranial hemorrhage, venous thrombosis or obstruction, meningitis, and cerebral edema. 3. Emergent neuroimaging of the brain is critical in diagnosis of the patient with papilledema. 4. Vision loss caused by giant cell arteritis should be treated immediately with corticosteroids to prevent involvement of the second eye. 5. In complete third cranial nerve palsy with pupil involvement, the affected eye is turned out and slightly down, with a paralysis of adduction, elevation, and depression, ptosis, and a dilated unreactive pupil. 6. Third nerve palsy may be an early sign of a neurologic emergency, such as an intracranial aneurysm, pituitary apoplexy, uncal herniation, or giant cell arteritis. 7. In third nerve palsy, computed tomography (CT) and CT angiography should be performed emergently to rule out aneurysm.
The effect of ethyl alcohol on man's electroencephalographic sleep cycle

Abstract This study indicates that 1 g of ethyl alcohol per kg of body weight administered before sleep exerts a systematic effect on EEG sleep patterns. In three human subjects over 13 consecutive nights (4 control, 5 alcohol, and 4 recovery nights), the most consistent pattern of change from night to night was seen in stage I REM. On the first night of alcohol the mean REM time dropped from the mean control value and over the next four consecutive nights on ethyl alcohol increased steadily to a peak value on the fifth night of alcohol. In four recovery nights REM time dropped back to control levels. This change in REM occurs in the first half of the night, when CSF alcohol levels are at their maximum concentration, and during the second half of the night. Latency or time to the first REM is constant in control and post-alcohol nights but varies unsystematically during nights of alcohol administration. Stages III and IV remain constant while stage II “absorbs” the shifts demonstrated in stage I.
Dose-volume histograms

A plot of a cumulative dose-volume frequency distribution, commonly known as a dose-volume histogram (DVH), graphically summarizes the simulated radiation distribution within a volume of interest of a patient which would result from a proposed radiation treatment plan. DVHs show promise as tools for comparing rival treatment plans for a specific patient by clearly presenting the uniformity of dose in the target volume and any hot spots in adjacent normal organs or tissues. However, because of the loss of positional information in the volume(s) under consideration, it should not be the sole criterion for plan evaluation. DVHs can also be used as input data to estimate tumor control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP). The sensitivity of TCP and NTCP calculations to small changes in the DVH shape points to the need for an accurate method for computing DVHs. We present a discussion of the methodology for generating and plotting the DVHs, some caveats, limitations on their use and the general experience of four hospitals using DVHs.
Evaluation of Poly (1, 6-bis-(p-carboxyphenoxy) Hexane-co-sebacic Acid Microspheres for Controlled Basal Insulin Delivery

Purpose To develop poly 1,3-bis-(p-carboxyphenoxy) hexane-co-sebacic acid (p(CPH/SA)) microspheres for controlled basal insulin delivery and evaluate their in vivo efficacy and toxicity.
What Determines High-and Low-Performing Groups?. The Superstar Effect:

The notion that greater learning outcomes will be achieved if the cognitive work is distributed amongst a group of individuals working together versus working alone has received mixed support when explored empirically (e.g., Daiute & Dalton 1993;Johnson & Johnson, 1991). This study examined the relationship between small-group collaborative learning structures and the potential predictors of groups' overall academic performance. We sought to identify specific factors that distinguished high-performing groups from low-performing groups in the classroom. Class attendance and individual-level academic performance were positively related to group-level academic performance. Further, it was predicted that groups consisting of an exceptionally high-performing member, or superstar, would achieve greater group-level academic performance than groups consisting of members who performed similarly. However, the greater the distance between the highest-performing member's score and the average of the other group membe...
Diamond pixel detector development

Abstract Pixel detectors using synthetic diamond are an attractive alternative to silicon for use in radiation harsh environments such as at the LHC. Recent test beam results using CMS pixel readout electronics are presented which demonstrate a hit efficiency of 94% and position resolution of 31 μm for a diamond pixel sensor with 125 μm ×125 μm pitch.
Landscapes of Memory: Concentration Camps and Drought in Northeastern Brazil

Concentration camps were established in the Northeastern Brazilian state of Ceara in 1932 as a response to the displacement of thousands by severe drought. The experience of the camps, as reported by those who survived them, was one of privation and death. Residents of Senador Pompeu, the site of one such camp, commemorate the experience with an annual procession to the cemetery and are attempting to have the ruins of the camp declared “heritage.” Marking such places as heritage is in many ways an intervention not only economically, as heritage tourism, but through the active critical processes of conscientization, communicating the violence that persists in contemporary society.
DIRECT SUM DECOMPOSITION OF THE PRODUCT OF PREINJECTIVE MODULES OVER RIGHT PURE SEMISIMPLE HEREDITARY RINGS

ABSTRACT In his recent work, [1] and [2], on the pure semisimplicity conjecture Simson raised two problems about the structure of the direct sum decomposition of the direct product modulo the direct sum of indecomposable preinjective modules over right pure semisimple hereditary rings. The main goal of this paper is the proof of a theorem that resolves one of these problems and provides a partial answer to the other.
Risk-adjusted mortality rates of elderly veterans with hip fractures.

Purpose The goal of this research was to estimate 12-month survival rates for a large sample of elderly veterans after hip fracture with a risk-adjusted model and to compare the results of men to those of women. Methods The study design was a retrospective, secondary data analysis of national Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Medicare beneficiaries. The study population was 43,165 veterans with hip fracture first admitted to a Medicare-eligible facility during our specified enrollment period of 1999–2002. Measurement was a Cox proportional hazard model or survival analysis of hip fracture patients with an outcome of death over a 1 year period after discharge controlled by age, gender, and selected Elixhauser comorbidities. Results The unadjusted, 1 year mortality rates (30 days = 9.7%, 90 days = 17.5%, 180 days = 24%, 365 days = 32.2%) were slightly higher than the adjusted rates (30 days = 8.9%, 90 days = 15.6%, 180 days = 21.8%, 1 year = 29.9%). The mortality odds for women 12 months after hip fracture were 18%, compared with 32% for men. The comorbidity adjustment suggested that the presence of metastatic cancer increased the risk of death by almost 4 times compared with those patients without this diagnosis. Other particularly high-risk conditions included congestive heart failure, renal failure, liver disease, lymphoma, and weight loss, each of which increased the 1 year mortality risk by approximately two-fold. Conclusions One in 3 elderly male veterans who sustain a hip fracture dies within 1 year. Our work represents the first large study of hip fractures with a predominantly male sample and confirms that men have a higher mortality risk than women, as reported by previous researchers who used smaller samples that were mostly female. Fracture patients with metastatic cancer, renal failure, lymphoma, weight loss, and liver disease have higher mortality risks. The adverse outcomes associated with hip fracture argue for clinical intervention strategies, such as gait and balance testing, and osteoporosis diagnosis that may prevent fractures in both genders.
Evaluating the Replicability of Sample Results: A Tutorial of Double Cross-Validation Methods.

Although replication is important to the validity of a study and is endorsed by more and more scholars, few researchers in kinesiology attend to this issue. Some researchers may believe that statistical significance and effect size are the most important statistical issues in their research and thereby may have ignored the importance of result replication. Both significance testing and effect size, however, rarely inform researchers about the likelihood that results will be replicated in different samples drawn from the same population. The primary purpose of this tutorial is to provide readers with information regarding result replicability evaluation, focusing on double cross-validation approaches. This tutorial can also serve as a practical guide for conducting replicability analyses using double cross-validation methods.
One-to-one and polyrhythmic temporal coordination in bimanual circle tracing.

The authors manipulated movement amplitude in a bimanual circle-tracing task to alter the natural tracing frequency of the arms. Participants (N = 14) traced different-diameter circles simultaneously with the two arms in either in-phase (0°) or antiphase (180°) coordination, using the index fingers or plastic styli. Movement amplitude altered the natural tracing frequency of the arms, as demonstrated by the following 2 findings: (a) The larger the difference in circle diameter, the larger was the shift from the fixed-point values of 0° and 180°, and the shift increased as movement frequency increased. Those results are consistent with the manipulation of Δω in the bimanual pendulum paradigm, (b) Increasing movement frequency induced transitions from 1:1 to non-1:1 coordination, contrary to findings in previous investigations of polyrhythmic coordination. Tactile feedback played a minimal role in stabilizing bimanual coordination in the current tasks.
The Dominance of Consensual over Technical Rationality in Confucius' Socio‐economic Thought

For over 2,000 years Confucian philosophy dominated Chinese social thought, thus leaving an enormous body of Confucian literature addressing social problems. Yet very little of that which is Confucian social thought appears to possess economic content. Joseph J. Spengler concluded that “the Confucian school did not emphasize economic questions. Confucius's real concern was with social organization, together with ethics, politics, and societal harmony…”. Not unexpectedly, therefore, there is very little secondary literature which attempts to capture the essence of Confucian economics.
Empowering Stakeholders and Policy Makers With Science-Based Simulation Modeling Tools:

Pollen from genetically modified (GM) crops can potentially drift into neighboring non-GM crops. Wind can carry toxin-laden pollen from GM crops into surrounding natural areas. There are warnings that overuse of Bt corn (corn in which genetic material from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis has been copied) will result in the selection of European corn borer populations that are resistant to the Bt toxins. Each of these concerns is associated with powerful competing stakeholder interests resulting in continued public debates. Because of the intensity of stakeholder interest, the issue will not be solved solely within the scientific community. This article proposes that empowering stakeholders and policy markers with science-based simulation modeling tools will help bring more science into the policy process than would be possible with scientists only reporting modeling results.
THE CHIMPANZEE AS A MODEL OF HUMAN BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA

ABSTRACTPurpose: The etiology and natural history of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), the most common benign disease in aging men, remain obscure. The canine BPH model has serious limitations but other animal BPH models have not been identified. We evaluated whether the chimpanzee, man's closest primate relative, developed spontaneous BPH.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of a colony (White Sands Research Center) that contained 700 chimpanzees was undertaken by sampling 63 male and female (controls) chimpanzees 8 to 35 years old. The presence of spontaneous BPH was evaluated by assessing pathological and clinical variables, including prostate volume, serum prostate specific antigen, presence of histological BPH, serum androgens and estradiol, and urodynamics studies.Results: The chimpanzee had evidence of spontaneous histological BPH, and incidence and grade increased with age. Spontaneous BPH was manifested by increased prostate volume, higher serum prostate specific antigen, higher st...
A three-link module for modular dynamics and control of high-dimensional humanoids

Modeling complicated dynamics of humanoids is considered in this paper. It is proposed that the three-link module is a pivotal element in formulation of high-dimensional humanoids. The equations of motion of the module are first derived by projection of the free body equations of motion onto the space of the translation of an arbitrary point and Bryant angles and angular velocities. It is then shown that the formulation can be used as a construction module for systems with a larger number of segments. Holonomic and nonholonomic constraints are included to show the feasibility and versatility for representing other parts of the humanoid system. Digital computer simulations are presented to test the module's formulation and demonstrate its behavior in two maneuvers, jumping and sway.
Effects of aging condition on the fracture toughness of 2XXX and 7XXX series aluminum alloy composites

Results are presented on the effects of matrix aging condition (i.e., matrix temper) on the fracture toughness of 2XXX and 7XXX Al matrix alloys reinforced with SiC particulates, and the results are compared with the mechanical behavior. Fracture toughness testing was conducted on fatigue precracked bend specimens, and fracture surfaces were examined using SEM. Results revealed dramatic differences in the effect of matrix microstructure on the fracture properties of the two composite series. In the 7XXX material, the toughness values decreased from the underaged (UA) condition to the overaged (OA) condition by approximately 40 percent, while in the 2XXX series composite, the effect of matrix microstructure was marginal. In the 7XXX series composites, a transition in fracture mode from particle cracking (in UA) to matrix and linear-interface failure (in OA) was observed, while the 2XXX series composite failed predominantly by particle cracking.
Inhibition of vasoconstrictor and vasodilator responses by PGE1 in the intestinal vascular bed of the cat.

Abstract The effects of PGE 1 on vascular resistance, vasoconstrictor responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation and pressor hormones and vasodilator responses to bradykinin and nitroglycerin were investigated in the feline mesenteric vascular bed. Infusions of PGE 1 , 1.0 and 0.1 μg/min, into the superior mesenteric artery dilated the mesenteric vascular bed and markedly inhibited vasoconstrictor responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation, norepinephrine and angiotensin and to vasodilator responses to bradykinin and nitroglycerin. The response to the highest dose of bradykinin was reversed to a pressor response during infusion of PGE 1 . In contrast, mesenteric perfusion pressure and vasoconstrictor responses to nerve stimulation and pressor hormones and vasodilator responses to bradykinin and nitroglycerin were unchanged during the lowest rate of infusion of PGE 1 , 0.01 μg/min. When the decrease in (initial value) vascular resistance was taken into account by expressing vasodilator responses on a percent decrease basis, infusion of PGE 1 reduced or reversed the vasodilator responses to bradykinin whereas the vasodilator responses to nitroglycerin were not altered. Results of these studies suggest that PGE 1 may influence vasomotor tone and responses to pressor hormones and bradykinin in the mesenteric vascular bed of the cat.
SC Farm-to-School Programs Encourages Children to Consume Vegetables

Children in the United States consume too few vegetables and fruits, consistent with the diets of adults and the foods available in the food supply. The farm-to-school movement seeks to improve bot...
Reasoning about the referent of a picture versus reasoning about the picture as the referent: An effect of visual realism

Research on picture perception and picture-based problem solving has generally considered the information that enables one to “see” and think about a picture’s subject matter. However, people often reason about a picture or representation as the referent itself. The question addressed here is whether pictorial features themselves help determine when one reasons about the referent of an image, as with an engrossing movie, and when one reasons about the image in its own right, as with abstract art. Two experiments tested the hypothesis that pictures with relatively high fidelity to their referents lead people to think about those referents, whereas pictures with relatively low fidelity lead people to think about the picture as a referent. Subjects determined whether marks on the bottom and top boards of an open hinge would meet if the hinge were closed. Accuracy and latency results indicated that subjects who saw realistic displays simulated the physical behavior of the hinge through analog imagery. In contrast, subjects who saw schematic displays tended to reason about static features of the display such as line lengths and angles. The results demonstrate that researchers must be cautious when generalizing from reasoning about diagrammatic materials to reasoning about the referents themselves.
A study of throughput for Iu-CS and Iu-PS interface in UMTS core network

Current literature provides many practical tools or theoretical methods to plan and dimension GSM or UMTS radio networks but overlooks the algorithms of network plan and dimensioning for core networks. This paper introduces an algorithm for traffic and throughput dimensioning for UMTS core network. A case study is provided to verify the algorithms created for UMTS core network. This paper is aimed at helping wireless carriers plan and dimensioning their 3G core networks.