cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RISK-TAKING IN SKILLED TASK PERFORMANCE

The objective of the study was to predict relative accident rates as a function of a two-factor risk-taking model (need for achievement and locus of control). At the same time, the effect of situation-specificity was tested. The subjects were performing the skilled task of Alpine (down-hill) skiing. There were 67 control and 50 injury subjects in all. The 67 controls took a series of three tests (Atkinson's need for Achievement (n Ach), Rotter's Locus of Control (LC) and an experimental instrument called the Situation-Specific Test (SST). The median score on each test was used as the cutting score. Those scoring above the median were scored high, those below were scored as low. Based on the underlying theory it was predicted that the accident/injury group would score high on the LC and SST and would have extreme scores (very high or very low) on n Ach. An interaction between n Ach and LC or SST was predicted. The results indicated that for real-world situations, situation-specific tests are more discriminating than are standardized, non-specific tests. No statistically significant effect for either standard test or the interaction was found. A statistically significant effect was found for SST. The results suggest methodological approaches that may shed light on risk-taking assessment with accident prediction potential in other areas. A successful instrument for discriminating potential accident victims from the population at large was demonstrated. The opportunities for application in other areas of skilled task performance such as industrial jobs and automobile driving are currently being investigated. Language: en
Two pyrenylalanines in dihydrofolate reductase form an excimer enabling the study of protein dynamics.

Because of the lack of sensitivity to small changes in distance by available FRET pairs (a constraint imposed by the dimensions of the enzyme), a DHFR containing two pyrene moieties was prepared to enable the observation of excimer formation. Pyren-1-ylalanine was introduced into DHFR positions 16 and 49 using an in vitro expression system in the presence of pyren-1-ylalanyl-tRNACUA. Excimer formation (λex 342 nm; λem 481 nm) was observed in the modified DHFR, which retained its catalytic competence and was studied under multiple and single turnover conditions. The excimer appeared to follow a protein conformational change after the H transfer involving the relative position and orientation of the pyrene moieties and is likely associated with product dissociation.
Prioritized phenotypic responses to combined predators in a marine snail

Although many species face numerous predators in nature, the combined impact of multiple predators on the inducible defenses of prey has rarely been studied. Prey may respond with an intermediate phenotype that balances the risk from several sources or may simply respond to the most dangerous predator. I examined the separate and combined effects of the presence of shell-breaking (crabs, Cancer productus) and shell-entry (seastars, Pisaster ochraceus) predators fed conspecific snails on the defensive shell morphology and antipredator behavior of a marine snail (Nucella lamellosa). When exposed to each feeding predator separately, snails responded with a combination of morphological defenses that reflect the attack mode of the predator and a generalized behavioral response. Snails responded to feeding crabs by increasing refuge use and producing a thick, rotund shell. Snails responded to feeding seastars with increased refuge use but produced elongate shells with high spires that allowed for greater retraction of the soft tissue. Seastar-induced phenotypes reduced susceptibility to seastars relative to crab-induced phenotypes, but crab-induced phenotypes did not significantly reduce susceptibility to crabs, indicating an asymmetrical functional trade-off. When feeding predators were combined, snails produced a morphological phenotype similar to that expressed in the presence of the predator that imposed the highest mortality at the population level, suggesting that predator-induced morphology was prioritized according to predation risk. These results suggest that prioritizing conflicting defenses according to predator danger may be a common strategy for prey responding to combined predators, particularly in conjunction with generalized behavioral responses that reduce overall risk in multiple-predator environments.
Structural, Magnetic, and Dynamic Characterization of the (dxz,dyz)4(dxy)1 Ground-State Low-Spin Iron(III) Tetraphenylporphyrinate Complex [(p-TTP)Fe(2,6-XylylNC)2]CF3SO3

The synthesis and characterization of the trifluoromethanesulfonate salt of bis(2,6-xylyl isocyanide)tetrakis(p-tolyl)porphyrinatoiron(III), [(p-TTP)Fe(2,6-xylylNC)2]CF3SO3 (1), is reported. The crystal structure shows that the porphyrinate ring is strongly ruffled. The equatorial Fe−N bond distances average to 1.961(7) A for 1, which is quite short for low-spin iron(III) porphyrinate derivatives. Two additional complexes, having TPP (2) and m-TTP (3) as the porphyrinates, were also synthesized and studied by NMR, EPR, and Mossbauer spectroscopy. All physical properties are consistent with a low-spin iron(III) porphyrinate with the less-common ground-state configuration (dxz,dyz)4(dxy)1. The 1H NMR chemical shift of the pyrrole protons at 297 K is +10.7 ppm for 1. The EPR spectrum of 1 in solution is axial, with g⊥ = 2.15 and g|| = 1.94, ∑g2 = 13.0, while in the solid state g⊥ = 2.2 and g|| = 1.94, ∑g2 = 13.4. The Mossbauer spectrum of 1 at 190 K has an isomer shift of 0.14 mm/s and quadrupole splitting o...
Shelf-Life of Pasteurized Fluid Milk as Affected by Age of Raw Milk

Abstract Increasing raw milk storage time prior to pasteurization may affect product shelf-life. Raw milk was stored at 4.5°C for 0, 2, 4, and 6 days prior to pasteurizing. Milk samples from each pasteurized lot were analyzed after continuous storage at 4.5°C for 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 days. Both raw and pasteurized samples were analyzed for coliforms, psychrotrophs, and total bacteria counts. Flavor scores were also determined. No correlations were significant between raw or pasteurized samples and total bacteria or coliform counts. Related were flavor score and days held raw, shelf-life of the resulting pasteurized product, and interaction of days held raw and shelf-life of the pasteurized product. Psychrotrophic counts and age of the raw milk were correlated. From correlations of flavor scores with shelf-life of the milk, a predictive equation was: Flavor score=8.00 – .88 R – .11 P – .0015 P 2 – .009 R P, where R is days held raw and P is shelf-life of the pasteurized product.
Role of h 11/2 protons in 144 Pm

High spin states of the N=83 nucleus144Pm have been studied using the reaction130Te(19F,5n) and the techniques of gamma-ray and conversion electron spectroscopy. Empirical shell model calculations indicate that three observed states with J=14, 15 and 16 haveπh112/2 configurations. This is the first observation ofπh112/2 states in a Z<64, N=83 nucleus.
VERDICT : A distributed Virtual Environment for system engineering

This paper introduces a notional framework for the development of a distributed virtual interface, called VERDICT, for a systems engineering development environment. VERDICT stands for Virtual Environment for Remote Design Integration and Configuration Testing. The framework offers suggestions on how cognitive aspects of various system design capture views can be presented and shared among engineers of complex systems, using distributed virtual environment technology. The approach utilizes a taxonomy of the types of knowledge representations, or cognitive media, best suited to the capture of design information. These cognitive media are in turn mapped to physical multimedia, thereby providing the actual design representation.
Non-crystalline solids: glasses and amorphous solids

Abstract Zachariasen's concept of glass formation has been extended to rationalize the relative ease of different compositions for formation of non-crystalline solids. It is shown that non-crystalline solids can be divided in to two thermodynamically distinct classes: glasses and amorphous solids. Further, it is argued that they behave differently upon heating. Based on Zachariasen's notion of glass as a topologically disordered network with short range order equivalent to that in the corresponding crystal, quantitative structure-based definitions are proposed for glasses and amorphous solids. In addition, a previous formalism based on degrees of freedom in topologically disordered networks has been extended to examine the relative abilities of compositions to form non-crystalline solids.
Foreign Affairs and Issue Voting: Do Presidential Candidates “Waltz Before a Blind Audience?”.

VWhile candidates regularly spend much time and effort campaigning on foreign and defense policies, the thrust of prevailing scholarly opinion is that voters possess little information and weak attitudes on these issues, which therefore have negligible impact on their voting behavior. We resolve this anomaly by arguing that public attitudes on foreign and defense policies are available and cognitively accessible, that the public has perceived clear differences between the candidates on these issues in recent elections, and that these issues have affected the public's vote choices. Data indicate that these conclusions are appropriate for foreign affairs issues and domestic issues.
Eleven undescribedArizona serotypes isolated from man

Eleven newArizona serotypes (1,3∶17, 20; 9∶1, 2, 10; 9∶1, 2, 36; 10∶1, 2, 36; 12∶23∶28; 14∶1, 2, 6; 18∶1, 3, 11; 19∶16, 17, 18; 20∶23∶21; 22∶13, 14; and 24∶24∶31) are described. With the exception of two strains (18∶1, 3, 11 and 24∶24∶31) isolated from the feces of asymptomatic persons, the organisms were derived from definite episodes of enteric, focal, or generalized infections. Types 1,3∶17, 20 and 10∶1, 2, 36 were isolated from blood cultures and type 22∶13, 14 from the blood, spinal fluid, and cerebral abscesses in a fatal case of meningoencephalitis.
Mismatch Versus Derived-Demand Shift as Causes of Labour Mobility

Labour mobility may be caused by shifts in the derived demand for labour on the part of firms or sectors, or it may be caused by mismatches between workers and their jobs. Both reasons may be important, and this paper merges them into one model. It explores the consequences for (a) wage-tenure relationships and (b) the issue of sluggishness of wages caused by the implied selectivity of workers into preferred jobs and sectors.
A Survey of Graduate and Undergraduate Teaching Assistants

This study explores the responsibilities and benefits of serving as a teaching assistant (TA). Seventy participants from different parts of the United States, who had either been an undergraduate TA (UTA), graduate TA (GTA), or both (UTA/GTA), completed an online survey. Self-report results suggest that the perceived benefits of the UTA experience are high, that UTAs who were asked to complete formal self-reflections were more likely to be GTAs, and that having increased UTA responsibilities are associated with more satisfaction, enjoyment, and perceived benefits. We also found that UTA/GTAs rated themselves as using humor and an engaging teaching style significantly more often than those TAs that were GTAs only.
Chapter 9 - Application of Relaxed Arakawa—Schubert Cumulus Parameterization to the NCEP Climate Model: Some Sensitivity Experiments

The application of the relaxed Arakawa–Schubert (RAS) scheme is a simple and economical way of implementing the Arakawa–Schubert parameterization. This chapter describes some sensitivity experiments used in the application of RAS cumulus parameterization to the NCEP climate model. The chapter also presents some details of the rain re-evaporation formulation and the new climate model that is under development at NCEP. The re-evaporation of rain from each cloud type occurs just after that cloud type has relaxed the environmental sounding toward quasi-equilibrium, but before invoking the next cloud type. Results from a semi-prognostic test using GATE phase III data show that RAS leads to excessive drying and warming when the values of dry and moist static energies at the top of the boundary layer are assumed to be the same as those within the boundary layer. RAS is quite successful in achieving its original goal of economy and simplicity, and some form of it is being used at several institutions.
Screening for Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis

This JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis article evaluates the most recent US Preventive Services Task Force guideline on screening for carotid artery stenosis in asymptomatic adults.
Nested Vector-Sensor Array Processing via Tensor Modeling

We propose a new class of nested vector-sensor arrays which is capable of significantly increasing the degrees of freedom (DOF). This is not a simple extension of the nested scalar-sensor array, but a novel signal model. The structure is obtained by systematically nesting two or more uniform linear arrays with vector sensors. By using one component's information of the interspectral tensor, which is equivalent to the higher-dimensional second-order statistics of the received data, the proposed nested vector-sensor array can provide O(N2) DOF with only N physical sensors. To utilize the increased DOF, a novel spatial smoothing approach is proposed, which needs multilinear algebra in order to preserve the data structure and avoid reorganization. Thus, the data is stored in a higher-order tensor. Both the signal model of the nested vector-sensor array and the signal processing strategies, which include spatial smoothing, source number detection, and direction of arrival (DOA) estimation, are developed in the multidimensional sense. Based on the analytical results, we consider two main applications: electromagnetic (EM) vector sensors and acoustic vector sensors. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is verified through numerical examples.
Food Habits of the Indiana Bat in Missouri

During the summer of 1979 a cave which served as a summer aggregation site for male Indiana bats ( Myotis sodalis ) was visited every 2 weeks for collection of feces and sampling of the insect fauna available as prey. A comparison of insects eaten, determined by fecal analysis, with insects collected from the foraging habitat showed that large proportions of lepidopterans were eaten throughout the summer, often in excess of proportional availability. Insects from five additional orders were eaten regularly, but they were frequently eaten less than the proportion in which they were available. Throughout the season, dietary intake of aquatic insects was low. Diet diversity decreased from early to late summer. The proportions of several orders of aquatic insects eaten were correlated to three measures of lunar illumination and cyclicity.
Molecular Dynamics Studies of Twist Boundaries in Ionic Materials

The technique of constant stress molecular dynamics (MD) has been used to study NaCI systems containing ⅀-5 [001] twist boundaries interacting with the rigid-ion model of Tosi and Fumi. While perfect coincidence ⅀-5 [001] twist boundaries were found to dissociate into free surfaces below 0. 125Tm, ⅀-5 [001] anticoincidence twist boundaries with Schottky defects on the boundaries were stable up to the bulk melting temperature. No grain boundary melting was observed below the bulk melting temperature. Grain boundary thermodynamic properties, including the excess entropy and excess free energy of stable boundaries with 464 and 944 ions were calculated by molecular dynamics from low temperatures to bulk melting.
Direct disease-inducing effects of menthol through the eyes of tobacco companies

Objective Menthol is an important additive in most tobacco products and is an identifying characteristic of many brands. We assessed tobacco companies9 research on direct disease-inducing effects of menthol and menthol cigarettes. Methods A search was conducted among documents included in the Legacy Tobacco Documents Library. Relevant documents addressed subject areas such as pharmacology, short-term and long-term effects and biomarkers of smoking exposure. Results The documents contain little internal industry research on the disease-inducing effects of menthol. Most information in the tobacco industry documents are reviews of the published biomedical literature, from which the companies concluded that menthol did not have any direct disease-inducing effects. Evidence that contradicted this conclusion was downplayed. Except for one study, there was no evidence of the companies following up on positive findings in the literature with their own studies. In one case, results were presented at a public scientific meeting concluding that ‘There were no effects from addition of menthol to test or reference cigarettes’, when a company9s internal pathology analysis contradicted this statement. Conclusion The available industry documents suggest that tobacco companies conducted little research on the potential disease-inducing effects of menthol and did not pursue studies that suggested adverse effects.
Some Pharmacokinetic Aspects of 5-(Dimethyltriazeno)-imidazole-4-carboxamide in the Dog

The renal clearance of 5-(dimethyltriazeno)-imidazole-4-carboxamide (DIC, NSC-45388) has been determined in the dog using radioactive inulin as the reference compound. The clearance ratio of DIC to inulin was greater than one, suggesting tubular secretion of DIC. The volume of distribution of DIC in the dog was determined from plasma clearance curves. In experiments lasting 1 hr., this volume was greater than total body water, indicating the localization of the drug in some tissues. However, when the experimental period was extended to 2 hr., the localized drug was eliminated from the body by both biotransformation and excretion, and the result was a reduction in the volume of distribution. A new mathematical treatment is described for analysis of the plasma clearance curves from 2-hr. experiments.
The New Governance: Practices and Processes for Stakeholder and Citizen Participation in the Work of Government

Leaders in public affairs identify tools and instruments for the new governance through networks of public, private, and nonprofit organizations. We argue the new governance also involves people—the tool makers and tool users—and the processes through which they participate in the work of government. Practitioners are using new quasi-legislative and quasi-judicial governance processes, including deliberative democracy, e-democracy, public conversations, participatory budgeting, citizen juries, study circles, collaborative policy making, and alternative dispute resolution, to permit citizens and stakeholders to actively participate in the work of government. We assess the existing legal infrastructure authorizing public managers to use new governance processes and discuss a selection of quasi-legislative and quasi-judicial new governance processes in international, federal, state, and local public institutions. We conclude that public administration needs to address these processes in teaching and research to help the public sector develop and use informed best practices.
Energetics and Propagation of Coronal Mass Ejections in Different Plasma Environments

Based on previous work, we investigate the propagation of CMEs in a more realistic plasma environment than the isothermal atmosphere, and find that it is a slightly faster reconnection for flux ropes to break free. The average Alfven Mach number MA for the inflow into the reconnection site has to be at least 0.013 in order to give a plausible eruption (compared to MA = 0.005 for the isothermal atmosphere). Taking MA = 0.1, we find that the energy output and the electric field induced inside the current sheet match the temporal behavior inferred from the energetic, long duration, CME-associated X-ray events. The results indicate that catastrophic loss of equilibrium in the coronal magnetic field provides the most promising mechanism for major solar eruptions, and that the more energetic the eruption is, the earlier the associated flare peaks. The variation of the output power with the background field strength revealed by our calculations implies the poor correlation between slow CMEs and solar flares. This work also further confirms the explanation we proposed for the peculiar motion of giant X-ray arches and anomalous post-flare loops. Their kinematic pattern and observed heights are determined by the local Alfven speed and its variation with height.
Traces of the Real: Autographomania and the Cult of the Signers in Nineteenth-Century America

During the early nineteenth century a popular obsession with autograph collecting swept through the United States. Among such “autographomaniacs”, handwritten signatures belonging to the signers of the Declaration of Independence—and collections bringing together the signatures of all 56—soon emerged as the most rarified. The intersection of autograph collecting and the Declaration of Independence provides fertile terrain for exploring the performative and preservative functions of the signature. This paper examines the special nature of the signature as a privileged site of authenticity and, in the special context of the Declaration, as a site of ritual reenactment and collective memory.
Phylogenetic relationships among Syndermata inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences

Phylogenetic relationships among Syndermata have been extensively debated, mainly because the sister-group of the Acanthocephala has not yet been clearly identified from analyses of morphological and molecular data. Here we conduct phylogenetic analyses on samples from the 4 classes of Acanthocephala (Archiacanthocephala, Eoacanthocephala, Polyacanthocephala, and Palaeacanthocephala) and the 3 Rotifera classes (Bdelloidea, Monogononta, and Seisonidea). We do so using small-subunit (SSU) and large-subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox 1) sequences. These nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences were obtained for 27 acanthocephalans, 9 rotifers, and representatives of 6 phyla that were used as outgroups. Maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML), and Bayesian analyses were conducted on the nuclear rDNA (SSU + LSU) and the combined sequence dataset (SSU + LSU + cox 1 genes). Phylogenetic analyses of the combined rDNA and cox 1 data uniformly provided strong support for a clade including rotifers plus acanthocephalans (Syndermata). Strong support was also found for monophyly of Acanthocephala in analyses of the combined dataset or rDNA sequences alone. Within the Acanthocephala the monophyletic grouping of the representatives of each class was strongly supported. Our results depicted Archiacanthocephala as the sister-group to the remaining acanthocephalans. Analyses of the combined dataset recovered a sister-group relationship between Acanthocephala and Bdelloidea by parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian methods. Support for this clade was generally strong. Alternative topologies that depicted a different rotifer sister-group of Acanthocephala (or monophyly of Rotifera) were significantly worse. In this paraphyletic assemblage of rotifers, the relative positions of Seisonidea and Monogononta to the clade Bdelloidea + Acanthocephala were inconsistent among trees based on different inference methods. These results indicate that Bdelloidea is the free-living sister-group to acanthocephalans, which should prove key for comparative investigations of the morphological, molecular, and ecological changes accompanying the evolution of parasitism.
Growth and reproductive development of male Microtus montanus is affected by the prenatal photoperiod.

Rates of growth and sexual maturation of microtine rodents vary in response to photoperiod. Previous work with Microtus montanus has shown that the photoperiod present prior to weaning influences how voles will respond to photoperiods seen following weaning. The data presented demonstrate that information about the photoperiod seen by the mother during pregnancy influences the postweaning development of maleM. montanus. Adult M. ,nontanus were paired in photoperiods consisting of 8, 14 or 16 h light/day. Their litters were conceived and born in these photoperiods. On the day of birth the litters were recorded and retained in the gestation photoperiod (Groups C8, C14 and C16) or transferred to the 14-h photoperiod (Groups E8 and E16). The growth of males was followed from weaninguntil 74 days of age, at which time the voles were sacrificed and their reproductive organs weighed. There were no differences in body weight or length between groups at 18 days of age. At 74 days of age the development of the voles could be ranked in the following sequence: C8<E16<C14<E8<C16.
A quantitative map of the liver mitochondrial phosphoproteome reveals posttranslational control of ketogenesis.

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that play a central role in a diverse array of metabolic processes. Elucidating mitochondrial adaptations to changing metabolic demands and the pathogenic alterations that underlie metabolic disorders represent principal challenges in cell biology. Here, we performed multiplexed quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics to chart the remodeling of the mouse liver mitochondrial proteome and phosphoproteome during both acute and chronic physiological transformations in more than 50 mice. Our analyses reveal that reversible phosphorylation is widespread in mitochondria, and is a key mechanism for regulating ketogenesis during the onset of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Specifically, we have demonstrated that phosphorylation of a conserved serine on Hmgcs2 (S456) significantly enhances its catalytic activity in response to increased ketogenic demand. Collectively, our work describes the plasticity of this organelle at high resolution and provides a framework for investigating the roles of proteome restructuring and reversible phosphorylation in mitochondrial adaptation.
Depth Perception as a Function of Age

Binocular depth perception was investigated in 164 healthy Ss of the Normative Aging Study, in connection with a model of ocular aging which explains change in the dioptric media in the forties on the basis of mechanical change and later vchange in the retina on the basis of metabolic change. A modified Verhoeff stereopter was used. The results showed a marked diminution to make stereoptic judgments occurred in the forties decade. This is in accordance with the model. In a companion paper, retinal field shrinkage will be explored as an illustration of later metabolic age change.
Service Providers’ Reactions to Intimate Partner Violence as a Function of Victim Sexual Orientation and Type of Abuse:

In this online vignette study, a national sample of domestic violence shelter service providers (N = 282) completed a 10-item questionnaire about a woman experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). Scenarios varied in terms of couple sexual orientation (heterosexual or lesbian) and type of abuse (physical or nonphysical). Results indicate that although participants did not overtly discriminate against a woman in a lesbian relationship, they were less likely to perceive her as a victim, and their acceptance of a lesbian as a client was more dependent on their comfort with her than was the case for a woman in a heterosexual relationship. Type of abuse, as expected, had a main effect on many questions, with physical abuse taken more seriously than nonphysical abuse. Scores on the Attitudes Toward Lesbians subscale (Herek) were unrelated to responses. Implications for service providers are discussed.
Directional CSMA/CA Protocol with Spatial Reuse for mmWave Wireless Networks

In recent years, the millimeter wave (mmWave) technology has gained considerable interest due to the huge unlicensed bandwidth (i.e., up to 7GHz) available in the 60GHz band in most part of world. In this paper, we investigate the problem of medium access control (MAC) in mmWave wireless networks, within which directional antennas are used to combat the high path loss incurred in the 60GHz band. We extend a directional CSMA/CA protocol presented in our prior work by exploiting spatial reuse. The proposed protocol adopts virtual carrier sensing and allows non-interfering links to communicate simultaneously. We present a performance analysis as well as simulations to evaluate the proposed protocol. Our results show that the directional MAC with spatial reuse can achieve considerable performance improvements over the 802.11 MAC and the protocol proposed in our prior work. It introduces low protocol overhead and has robust performance even when the network is heavily congested.
Optical spectroscopy of magnetic 2D electron gases at the Los Alamos pulsed magnetic field facility

Abstract A brief overview of the magnet technologies at the pulsed field facility at Los Alamos is presented, focusing on the experimental capabilities made possible by the unique generator-driven 60 T long-pulse magnet. Optical spectroscopy is one such beneficiary, and recent measurements of semiconductor systems are discussed, including studies of magnetic-disorder annealing in diluted magnetic semiconductors, “dark” excitons in CdSe quantum dots, and in particular, studies of negatively-charged exciton states in magnetic 2D electron gases. Here, the huge Zeeman energy inherent in these magnetically-doped II–VI materials results in a completely spin-polarized electron gas (even at low magnetic fields), and drives an apparent instability of the singlet (spin antiparallel) electrons that are bound to the photohole.
Can Individual Investors Capture The Value Premium

I test the performance of several simple one and two-factor mechanical GARP and value investment strategies against a value-weighted market portfolio for the period 1998-2006, focusing on the suitability of the strategies for individual investors. All of the GARP and value strategies produce substantially higher average returns than the market portfolio over the 97 rolling one-year holding periods included in the study. The strategies have a higher standard deviation of returns across the 97 start months, but are less likely than the market portfolio to experience negative returns over any three or five-year time period. Overall, the best performing strategies are EBIT to enterprise value and return on capital, EBIT to enterprise value alone, and earnings yield (the inverse of the P/E ratio). Adding a profitability factor to form a GARP strategy from a simple one-factor value strategy does not appear boost performance, though it does reduce risk in the EBIT to enterprise value and return on capital strategy. My results indicate that individual investors who are able to tolerate occasional underperformance should consider using a GARP or value strategy in at least a portion of the portion of their portfolio that is allocated to U.S. equities.
What Neuromuscular Systems Tell Us about Hormones and Behavior

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the behavioral functions of a neuromuscular system. To capture the hormones that alter behavior, one must always keep in mind the function of whatever neural system catches one's eye. Because the job of the central nervous system (CNS) is to monitor the environment and control behavior, even an extensive understanding of a neural system without understanding its behavioral role is a hollow accomplishment. Unfortunately, the CNS neurons with a patent function are a remarkably rare minority—sensory neurons and motoneurons. Even for neurons, a few synapses past a sensory receptor cell or a few synapses prior to a motoneuron, it can become difficult to understand exactly what that neuron is doing. But it is much more feasible to ask what sort of behavior an animal is engaged in when a particular muscle contracts.
Electron Tomography of ZnO Nanocones with Secondary Signals in TEM

Electron tomography, which has been successfully utilized in life sciences, has attracted attention in materials science recently. Z-contrast imaging using a High Angle Annular Dark Field (HAADF) detector and Energy Filtered Transmission Electron Microscopy (EFTEM) imaging have been proved to be applicable in tomographic studies provided that the contrast in the image is only due to a change in mass-thickness of the investigated sample but not the crystallographic orientation [1]. However, for these imaging modes, the thickness of the sample is the main constraint in determining the reliability of the reconstructions. Especially HAADF Scanning TEM imaging is highly sensitive to thickness variations which makes it almost impossible to use this technique for materials thicker than a couple of hundreds of nanometres. As the thickness increases, the number of electrons transmitted decreases, therefore, using the backscattered and secondary electrons become more effective.
Pathogenesis of Nephrotoxicity of Cephalosporins and Aminoglycosides: A Review of Current Concepts

Third-generation cephalosporins promise to replace combinations containing aminoglycosides as safer, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. First, however, the possibility of nephrotoxicity as demonstrated with cephaloridine, must be excluded. For this reason, we must understand more about how cephalosporins and aminoglycosides damage the kidneys. Aminoglycosides accumulate in the renal lysosomes and may interfere with Na+-, K+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase activity. Experiments with cephaloridine and cephaloglycin, two nephrotoxic cephalosporins, indicate that they cause mitochondrial injury that leads to impaired cellular respiration. Results of experiments on the effects of treatments that combine cephalosporin with aminoglycosides or other drugs are confusing because inappropriate experimental models were used. Use of insensitive animals, administration of diuretics without prior induction of tubule damage, and insufficient dosages of drugs all cloud the interpretation of results. The standards for animal studies of cephalosporin nephrotoxicity should be revised to make them more relevant to humans.
Left ventricular function in chronic obstructive lung disease.

Abstract In 15 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, biventricular cardiac catheterization showed that left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was elevated in seven, and abnormal left ventricular function curves were found in 14. Analysis of left ventriculography revealed increased wall thickness or diastolic chamber size (or both) in nine of 10 observations and impaired ventricular performance in three of eight. The degree of functional impairment was not influenced by the presence or absence of right-sided heart failure. Appreciable coronary narrowing was found in only two of 10 subjects studied by cineangiography. Left ventricular dysfunction was present in most of the patients studied. The pathogenesis of the dysfunction is not clear.
Control effects of 10% boric acid gel bait and residual spray on cockroaches in field: a comparative study

Objective compare it with residual spray in killing cockroaches. Methods The killing effects of 10% boric acid gel bait and residual spray were observed in the laboratory and simulated field according to the national standards GB/T 17917.7-2009 and GB/T 17917.10-2009. The decrease in cockroach density was determined by visual measurement after residual spray and application of gel bait in the field, and the killing effect was evaluated accordingly. Results In the laboratory and simulated field, all Blattella germanica died 2d after treatment. In the field, the average density of B. germanica was 169.25/15 min before residual spray; the density decreased by 9.60% and 6.29% in the first and second weeks after residual spray of 10% cis cypermethrin suspoemulsion plus 80% DDVP; then, residual spray of 10% cis cypermethrin emulsion plus 20% propoxur EC was performed, and the density decreased by 6.63% and 5.51% in the third and fourth weeks. Finally, 10% boric acid gel was used, and the average density of B. germanica decreased by 94.10% and 100% in the first and second weeks after treatment. The average density of B. germanica was 1.38/15 min 1 month later. Conclusion The B. germanica population with high insecticide resistance is difficult to be control by residual spray, but 10% boric acid gel bait has good control effect on cockroaches and causes little insecticide resistance. Gel bait is recommendable for cockroach control.
Gel permeation chromatography clean-up for the determination of benzo (a) pyrene in edible vegetable oils by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector

This study developed a reverse phase HPLC method for determing benzo (a) pyrene in edible vegetable oils. After samples were pretreated by gel permeation chromatography, benzo (a) pyrene was separated on a Phenomenex Luna℃18 (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) using a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and H 2 O (91:1, v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and detected using a fluorescence detector set at λex=384 nm, λem=406 nm. At the spike levels of 2.0, 10.0, 25.0 μg/kg, the average recovery for benzo (a) pyrene was 98.7% with the RSD of 3.4% (n=6), the limit of detection was 0.3 μg/kg, and the linear range was from 0.1~20.0 μg/L (R=0.9992). The results of benzo (a) pyrene determination in four different edible vegetable oils samples by this method were almost the same as those determined by GB/ T 22509—2008. The method was fast, easy and accurate. Therefore, the method developed can be use to determine benzo (a) pyrene in edible vegetable oils.
Towards an emotionally aware development environment: invited talk

The paper takes a position on enhancing existing development environments to support awareness of developer affect. To realize this, the environment needs to implicitly interface with biometric devices such as an eye tracker. Such development environments can help the developer detect when they need to take a break or when they need help. Besides helping the developer, researchers can also make use of such environments to study developer behavior in a realistic setting thereby improving tool support for emotional awareness as well as other software tasks.
Panic disorder: strategies for long-term treatment.

Issues in the treatment of panic disorder now focus on long-term maintenance treatment with medication. The author sets the stage for our current understanding of panic disorder by describing the historical development of our knowledge of this disorder, past and current psychiatric diagnostic systems, and the symptoms of panic disorder. He states that this supplement reviews much of the great amount of research done on panic disorder in the 1980s and concludes with descriptions of each of the papers in this supplement
ID: 7: VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM (VTE) AFTER ROUTINE KNEE ARTHROSCOPY IN 10 PATIENTS WITH PREVIOUSLY UNKNOWN FAMILIAL THROMBOPHILIA

Background Traditionally, elective knee arthroscopy has been thought to be an unlikely source of venous thromboembolic events (VTE) (0.6% to 18%) in contrast to total knee replacement (TKR) with incidence of ∼30%. Hence, there have been no guidelines for thromboprophylaxis in elective, routine knee arthroscopy. Purpose In 10 patients with VTE after routine knee arthroscopy, our specific aim was to assess for familial and acquired thrombophilia, with contrast to 110 healthy normal controls and 17 patients after total hip and knee replacement (THKR). Methods Patients were included if they had a VTE up to 6 months after either knee arthroscopy or THKR. In these patients, we measured Factor V Leiden, Prothrombin gene mutation (PTG), Plasminogen activating inhibitor gene (PAI-G) mutation, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) mutations, elevated Factors VIII and XI elevated homocysteine, Anticardiolipin IgG and IgM antibodies, Lupus anticoagulant, antigenic protein C, S (and free S), and antithrombin III deficiency. The same coagulation data was obtained for normal controls (n=110) and for 17 patients who had VTE after TKHR. Results As summarized below, the major thrombophilias in the arthroscopy group were Factor V Leiden heterozygosity in 40%, high factor VIII in 50%, and high homocysteine in 30%. This pattern in the 10 patients with arthroscopy did not differ from that in 17 patients with THKR, who also differed from normal by having more frequent low proteins C and S. Conclusion Although VTE after knee arthroscopy is uncommon, we suggest that three common familial thrombophilias Factor V Leiden, high Factor VIII, and homocysteine routinely be measured before arthroscopy to facilitate post arthroscopy thromboprophylaxis.
Coda: The Future of Performance with Uncommon Partners

August 2014. I’m at ROOTS Week, the annual gathering of Alternate ROOTS, an organization committed to social and economic justice that “supports the creation and presentation of original art that is rooted in community, place, tradition or spirit” (Alternate ROOTS n.d.). It is being held at the Lutheridge Conference Center in Arden, North Carolina, the same place as the Community Arts Network gathering, ten years ago, with which I began this book. The major finding then was a proliferation of artists inserting their work into a larger picture, defined not by art — such as educational theater or drama therapy — but by a social concern, such as disappearing wetlands or growing poverty. Strikingly, one of ROOTS’ signature programs, Partners in Action, reflects the same emphasis on issue rather than art framing as CAN did in 2004.
Plasma Processing of SRF Cavities for the next Generation Of Particle Accelerators

The cost-effective production of high frequency accelerating fields are the foundation for the next generation of particle accelerators. The Ar/Cl2 plasma etching technology holds the promise to yield a major reduction in cavity preparation costs. Plasma-based dry niobium surface treatment provides an excellent opportunity to remove bulk niobium, eliminate surface imperfections, increase cavity quality factor, and bring accelerating fields to higher levels. At the same time, the developed technology will be more environmentally friendly than the hydrogen fluoride-based wet etching technology. Plasma etching of inner surfaces of standard multi-cell SRF cavities is the main goal of this research in order to eliminate contaminants, including niobium oxides, in the penetration depth region. Successful plasma processing of multi-cell cavities will establish this method as a viable technique in the quest for more efficient components of next generation particle accelerators. In this project the single-cell pill box cavity plasma etching system is developed and etching conditions are determined. An actual single cell SRF cavity (1497 MHz) is plasma etched based on the pill box cavity results. The first RF test of this plasma etched cavity at cryogenic temperature is obtained. The system can also be used for other surface modifications, including tailoring niobiummore » surface properties, surface passivation or nitriding for better performance of SRF cavities. The results of this plasma processing technology may be applied to most of the current SRF cavity fabrication projects. In the course of this project it has been demonstrated that a capacitively coupled radio-frequency discharge can be successfully used for etching curved niobium surfaces, in particular the inner walls of SRF cavities. The results could also be applicable to the inner or concave surfaces of any 3D structure other than an SRF cavity.« less
Whose interests and under whose control?: Interest convergence in science-focused school–community collaborations

In this dialogue with Monica Ridgeway and Randy Yerrick’s Whose banner are we waving?: exploring STEM partnerships for marginalized urban youth, I engage the critical race theory (CRT) tenet of interest convergence. I first expand Derrick Bell’s (1980) initial statement of interest convergence with subsequent scholarly work in this area. I then explore ways CRT in general and interest convergence specifically have been applied in the field of education. Using this framing, I examine how interest convergence may be shed new insights into Monica Ridgeway and Randy Yerrick’s study. For example, the tenet of interest convergence is used to frame why it was beneficial for the White artist, Jacob, and the Achievement Scholars to collaborate in the service-learning mural. Then the idea of interest divergence is brought into explore the ways in which Jacob benefitted from his participation in the service learning project while the Achievement Scholars were left with an unfinished project which they had to problem solve. To conclude, I provide future directions for the application of interest convergence and divergence to issues facing science education.
Hamilton’s principle and Hamilton’s equations with holonomic and non-holonomic constraints

Hamilton’s Principle is written in terms of generalized displacements and momenta. This allows holonomic and non-holonomic constraints to be treated on an equal basis using Lagrange multipliers to derive equations of motion for a dynamical system. Three examples are considered that have been previously considered in the literature by other methods.
Insect control in wheat flour with gamma irradiation.

Abstract When commercially produced, bleached, and enriched wheat flour was artificially infested with insects, packed in metal cans or multiwall paper bags, and irradiated with ca . 40 krad in a 60 Co gamma irradiator, insects of all species were present one month later but in much smaller numbers than in the controls. After 3–14 months, no living insects were found in the irradiated flour, and healthy populations were present in the untreated flour. Thus control of insect species in flour can be achieved by doses of ca . 40 krad, but death of the older stages is not immediate.
When Evidence and Values Collide: Preventing Sexually Transmitted Infections

In the following pages, we will lay the groundwork for, and then recount, an advocacy effort focused on adolescent reproductive health, one that specifically addressed state school board policy around the delivery of school-based services to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STI). We begin with some background regarding STI among adolescents, along with a summary of what is known about effective prevention models. As we turn to the advocacy case study we will switch to the first-person narrative form, as the first author undertook this effort, and the story is more readily told in this manner.
Documentation of Crucial Information Relating to Critically Ill Patients.

Background:Medical decision-making has evolved to the modern model of shared decision-making among patients, surrogate decision-makers, and medical providers. As such, informed consent discussions ...
What's Trust Got To Do With It? Ensuring Meaningful Community Engagement

Kraft and colleagues (2018) are right to stress the significance of building trust with research participants, especially those who come from traditionally marginalized communities with a history o...