cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Cerebral Sigma-1 Receptor Occupancy and Attenuation of Cocaine’s Motor Stimulatory Effects in Mice by PD144418

Psychostimulant effects of cocaine are mediated partly by agonist actions at sigma-1 (σ1) receptors. Selective σ1 receptor antagonists attenuate these effects and provide a potential avenue for pharmacotherapy. However, the selective and high affinity σ1 antagonist PD144418 (1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-5-[3-(4-methylphenyl)-5-isoxazolyl]-1-propylpyridine) has been reported not to inhibit cocaine-induced hyperactivity. To address this apparent paradox, we evaluated aspects of PD144418 binding in vitro, investigated σ1 receptor and dopamine transporter (DAT) occupancy in vivo, and re-examined effects on locomotor activity. PD144418 displayed high affinity for σ1 sites (Ki 0.46 nM) and 3596-fold selectivity over σ2 sites (Ki 1654 nM) in guinea pig brain membranes. No appreciable affinity was noted for serotonin and norepinephrine transporters (Ki >100 μM), and the DAT interaction was weak (Ki 9.0 μM). In vivo, PD144418 bound to central and peripheral σ1 sites in mouse, with an ED50 of 0.22 μmol/kg in whole brain. No DAT occupancy by PD144418 (10.0 μmol/kg) or possible metabolites were observed. At doses that did not affect basal locomotor activity, PD144418 (1, 3.16, and 10 μmol/kg) attenuated cocaine-induced hyperactivity in a dose-dependent manner in mice. There was good correlation (r2 = 0.88) of hyperactivity reduction with increasing cerebral σ1 receptor occupancy. The behavioral ED50 of 0.79 μmol/kg corresponded to 80% occupancy. Significant σ1 receptor occupancy and the ability to mitigate cocaine’s motor stimulatory effects were observed for 16 hours after a single 10.0 μmol/kg dose of PD144418.
Influenza A Inhibits Th17-Mediated Host Defense against Bacterial Pneumonia in Mice

Staphylococcus aureus is a significant cause of hospital and community acquired pneumonia and causes secondary infection after influenza A. Recently, patients with hyper-IgE syndrome, who often present with S. aureus infections of the lung and skin, were found to have mutations in STAT3, required for Th17 immunity, suggesting a potential critical role for Th17 cells in S. aureus pneumonia. Indeed, IL-17R(-/-) and IL-22(-/-) mice displayed impaired bacterial clearance of S. aureus compared with that of wild-type mice. Mice challenged with influenza A PR/8/34 H1N1 and subsequently with S. aureus had increased inflammation and decreased clearance of both virus and bacteria. Coinfection resulted in greater type I and II IFN production in the lung compared with that with virus infection alone. Importantly, influenza A coinfection resulted in substantially decreased IL-17, IL-22, and IL-23 production after S. aureus infection. The decrease in S. aureus-induced IL-17, IL-22, and IL-23 was independent of type II IFN but required type I IFN production in influenza A-infected mice. Furthermore, overexpression of IL-23 in influenza A, S. aureus-coinfected mice rescued the induction of IL-17 and IL-22 and markedly improved bacterial clearance. These data indicate a novel mechanism by which influenza A-induced type I IFNs inhibit Th17 immunity and increase susceptibility to secondary bacterial pneumonia.
Mirrors at the birth of Aphrodite

The first reflecting telescope was invented in 1663 by James Gregory, but was never popularised because the mirrors were too difficult to manufacture at that time. A slight variation on the principle, the Newtonian telescope, was first recognised in 1672 by its namesake, and was a most dramatic step forward in the observation of the stars. Even today the Newtonian telescope is perhaps the most economical and popular instrument of amateur astronomers. The Schmidt catadioptric telescope was not devised until 1930, and is a variation on the Newtonian telescope. In a Schmidt telescope, light first strikes a corrector plate that is essentially a lens, and then strikes a concave mirror. The reflected light is focused upon a film plate within the column of the original light beam. One of the principal purposes of the initial lens in the Schmidt telescope is to eliminate spherical aberration, but a simple bivalve mollusc had this elegant design as much as 500 plus million years ago, and still uses this system. When you envision scallops, you probably imagine the painting of Aphrodite’s birth from the sea foam on a giant …
Differences Among States in Rural Veterans' Use of VHA and Non-VHA Hospitals.

Purpose To understand how vouchers for non-VHA care of VHA-enrolled veterans might affect rural enrollees, we determined how much enrollees use VHA and non-VHA inpatient care, and whether this use varies substantially between rural and urban residents depending on state of residence. Methods For veterans listed in the 2007 VHA enrollment file as living in Arizona, Iowa, Louisiana, Tennessee, Florida, South Carolina, Pennsylvania, or New York, we merged 2004-2007 administrative discharge data for all VHA hospitalizations with all non-VHA hospitalizations listed in state health department or hospital association databases. Within states, rural and urban residents (RUCA-defined) were compared on VHA and non-VHA hospitalization rates, overall and for major diagnostic categories. Findings Non-VHA hospital use was much greater than VHA use, though it also was more variable across states. In states with higher proportions of urban enrollees, use of non-VHA hospitals was lower for small or isolated rural town residents than urban residents; in the more rural states, it was greater. Rural enrollees also used VHA hospitals more than urban enrollees if they lived in the South, but they used VHA hospitals less in other states. Findings were consistent across principal diagnoses, except that in every state, rural veterans were hospitalized less often for mental disorders but more for respiratory diseases. Logistic regressions controlling several covariates consistently showed that very rural enrollees relied on VHA hospitals more than urban enrollees. Vouchers would likely increase non-VHA use more in states with greater rural populations. Conclusions Vouchers for non-VHA inpatient care might have greater impact in rural states.
Injury patterns in obese versus nonobese children presenting to a pediatric emergency department.

Background: Two of the most prevalent problems facing youth in the United States are injury and obesity. Obesity increases the risk of injury, prolongs recovery time, and increases morbidity among injured children. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare characteristics of injuries between obese and nonobese children who presented to a pediatric emergency department. Methods: Electronic medical records for all patients aged 3 to 14 years who sustained a traumatic injury (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision [ICD-9] codes 800-899) and were seen in our hospital emergency department from January 1, 2005, to March 31, 2008, were obtained. Data collected included age, chief complaint, discharge diagnosis, gender, race, disposition, and weight. Patients with a weight at >95th percentile for age were considered obese. chi(2) analysis was used in comparing the groups; odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. Results: During the study period, 24588 children had ICD-9 codes that met our inclusion criteria. Of these, 1239 had no weights recorded, leaving 23349 patients in our study population. Of these children, the mean age was 8.2 years (SD: +/-3.6 years), 60.7% were white, and 61.7% were male. Obese children represented 16.5% of the study population (n = 3861). Overall, obese and nonobese children had the same percentage of upper extremity injuries. However, obese children were significantly more likely to have lower extremity injuries compared with upper extremity injuries than were nonobese children (OR: 1.71 [95% confidence interval: 1.56-1.87]; P Language: en
The Andswarode-System in Old English Poetry

him se ieldesta andswarode (9258) him JA ellen-r6f andswarode (340) This system, meagerly represented in Beowulf though it be, affords an interesting demonstration of the fact that we cannot properly and fully appreciate a single line of a traditional poem until we see that line as the work of every singer of that tradition who was faced with the problem which the line solves. The problem solved by these two lines in Beowulf is solved in the same fashion at ten other points3 in the surviving corpus of Old English poetry.
Alkynyl(Phenyl)Iodonium Tosylates: Preparation and Stereospecific Coupling with Vinylcopper Reagents. Formation of Conjugated Enynes. 1‐Hexynyl(Phenyl)Iodonium Tosylate and (E)‐5‐Phenyldodec‐5‐En‐7‐Yne

Alkynyl(phenyl)iodonium tosylates: preparation and stereospecific coupling with vinylcopper reagents. formation of conjugated enynes. 1-hexynyl(phenyl)iodonium tosylate and (E)-5-phenyldodec-5-en-7-yne intermediate: 1-trimethylsilyl-1-hexyne product: (E)-5-Phenyldodec-5-en-7-yne product: 1-hexynyl(phenyl)iodonium tosylate product: CH3CCIPh·OTs product: EtCCIPh·OTs product: N-PrCCIPh·OTs product: Me3SiCCIPh·OTs product: PhCCIPh·OTs product: t-BuCCIPh·OTs Keywords: alkenylation, C-alkenylation; coupling; halogenation, iodination; metalation reactions, copper; metalation reactions, lithium; metalation reactions, silicon; silylation; stereoselective reactions, stereospecific; boron trifluoride etherate; chloroform; copper(I) bromide, dimethyl sulfide complex, purification; tetrahydrofuran; chloroform, highly toxic, cancer suspect agent; dimethyl sulfide, stench
Constituents of Cannabis Sativa L. II: Absence of Cannabidiol in an African Variant

Cannabidiol is shown to be absent in an African variant of Cannabis satica L. (marijuana) grown in Mississippi. TLC, GC, and GC-mass spectrometry were used for identification. The absence of cannabidiol in a variant of African Cannabis questions the validity of published biosyntheses of the cannabinoids.
Putting the "landscape" in landscape genetics.

Landscape genetics has emerged as a new research area that integrates population genetics, landscape ecology and spatial statistics. Researchers in this field can combine the high resolution of genetic markers with spatial data and a variety of statistical methods to evaluate the role that landscape variables play in shaping genetic diversity and population structure. While interest in this research area is growing rapidly, our ability to fully utilize landscape data, test explicit hypotheses and truly integrate these diverse disciplines has lagged behind. Part of the current challenge in the development of the field of landscape genetics is bridging the communication and knowledge gap between these highly specific and technical disciplines. The goal of this review is to help bridge this gap by exposing geneticists to terminology, sampling methods and analysis techniques widely used in landscape ecology and spatial statistics but rarely addressed in the genetics literature. We offer a definition for the term ‘landscape genetics’, provide an overview of the landscape genetics literature, give guidelines for appropriate sampling design and useful analysis techniques, and discuss future directions in the field. We hope, this review will stimulate increased dialog and enhance interdisciplinary collaborations advancing this exciting new field.
Distributed Tracking with Energy Management in Wireless Sensor Networks

We consider a wireless sensor network (WSN) tasked with tracking a process using a set of distributed nodes. Here multiple remote sensor nodes estimate the physical process (viz., a moving object) and transmit quantized estimates to a fusion center for processing. At the fusion node a BLUE (best linear unbiased estimation) approach is used to combine the sensor estimates and to create a final estimate of the state. In this framework the uncertainty of the overall estimate is derived and shown to depend on the individual sensor transmit energy and quantization levels, as well as the Kalman tracker uncertainty at the node. Since power and bandwidth are critically constrained resources in battery operated sensor nodes, we attempt to quantify the trade-off between the lifetime of the network and the estimation quality over time. Three different convex formulations of the underlying nonconvex mixed integer nonlinear optimization problem are presented. Unlike previous work this effort incorporates the operating state of the nodes into the decisions of the optimum bits and the transmission power levels based on a heuristic. Simulation results for all formulations demonstrate the quality of the state estimate as well as the extended lifetime of the WSN.
Endovascular Repair of Contained Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Rupture With Aortocaval Fistula Presenting With High-Output Heart Failure

Aortocava fistula is a rare condition ranging from 0.22% to 6% of all ruptured aortic aneurysms. Recognition and diagnosis of this entity can often be difficult and requires heightened clinical suspicion to ensure that prompt surgical management leads to a favorable outcome. We herein describe the diagnosis and the technical points of successful endovascular management of aortocaval fistula in the setting of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm.
A Nuclear Gene in Maize Required for the Translation of the Chloroplast atpB/E mRNA

To elucidate mechanisms that regulate chloroplast translation in land plants, we sought nuclear mutations in maize that disrupt the translation of subsets of chloroplast mRNAs. Evidence is presented for a nuclear gene whose function is required for the translation of the chloroplast atpB/E mRNA. A mutation in atp1 results in a failure to accumulate the chloroplast ATP synthase complex due to reduced synthesis of the AtpB subunit. This decrease in AtpB synthesis does not result from a change in atpB mRNA structure or abundance. Instead, the atpB mRNA is associated with abnormally few ribosomes in atp1-1 mutants, indicating that atp1 function is required during translation initiation or early in elongation. Previously, only one nuclear gene that is required for the translation of specific chloroplast mRNAs had been identified in a land plant. Thus, atp1 will be a useful tool for dissecting mechanisms of translational control in chloroplasts.
Children with seizures exhibit preferences for foods compatible with the ketogenic diet

Although highly effective for the treatment of intractable epilepsy, the ketogenic diet is not always included in the treatment option hierarchy presented to families, in part due to perceptions that children will find the high-fat/low-carbohydrate regimen unpalatable. This study assessed if children with seizures exhibit food preferences compatible with the diet, as well as if caregivers were accurate in predicting preferences. Children aged 2–17, with (n = 29) and without (n = 30) a history of seizures, participated in a paired choice food preference assessment while parents estimated child preferences verbally. Children with seizures exhibited significantly higher preferences for fat versus carbohydrate foods compared with controls, and parents demonstrated low accuracy. Future studies could use similar assessment methods to prospectively track whether such preferences predict diet compliance and/or efficacy. Research into the underlying metabolic basis for this preference and possible related neurophysiological mechanisms in seizure etiology and treatment is warranted.
Extension of the Haseman-Elston method to multiple alleles and multiple loci : theory and practice for candidate genes

The Haseman & Elston (1972) sibling-pair regression method has been used to detect and estimate the variance contribution to observed values of a quantitative trait by allelic variation in specific candidate genes. The procedure was developed under a model with a single biallelic trait locus. This assumption does not hold for several known systems. In this paper we prove that for candidate gene analysis the Haseman-Elston procedure extends to the case of multiple trait loci, each possibly having more than two alleles. Simulation experiments comparing single-locus to two-locus models show that fitting the extended regression equations maintains nominal significance levels, but the power to detect linkage to trait variation is not improved by including additional loci. These results indicate that the original proposal is statistically robust to violations of the underlying genetic model. Practical issues associated with quantifying the relative variance contribution by individual loci are also discussed. Applications of the extended regression equations to lipoprotein(a) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol are given for illustration.
Celebrity Endorsements in U.S. and Thai Magazines: A Content Analysis Comparative Assessment

SUMMARY Celebrity endorsements have become a prevalent form of advertising. Hence, the purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between the use of celebrities and the types of products endorsed. Advertisements from one popular magazine in the U.S. and 2 popular magazines in Thailand were used. Results indicated that U.S. advertisements of beauty, dietary and health services, hospitals, and weight loss clinics categories utilized celebrity endorsements more often than other categories. In Thai advertisements, supplementary foods and medicines used celebrity endorsers more often than other categories. Results further support that a significant relationship exits between celebrity endorsers and product types.
Effects of Virologic Rebound on CD4 Cell Counts

A retrospective study was conducted to assess the effects of various degrees of virologic rebound on CD4 cell counts over time in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. We found that (1) the higher the degree of virologic rebound, the more rapid the decrease in CD4 cell counts over time, and (2) the magnitude of the virologic rebound was inversely correlated with the CD4 cell counts at the time of rebound.
Using selection, optimization, and compensation to reduce job/family stressors: effective when it matters

Previous research has demonstrated that the use of general behaviors specified by a life-management strategy entitled Selection, Optimization, and Compensation (SOC) reduces, if only to a small extent, the perceived amounts of the main antecedents (i.e., job/family stressors) of work-family conflict. The results of the current study demonstrate that several variables that impact the amount of resources demanded of, or resources available to, an individual (e.g., supervisor support) moderate the relationship between SOC behaviors and job/family stressors. Specifically, SOC strategies are more effective than previously thought at reducing job/family stressors for precisely those individuals in the most demanding situations.
Implementation of Cost Sharing in the Ethiopian Higher Education Landscape: Critical Assessment and the Way Forward

Higher education participation in Ethiopia is very low (about 1.5 per cent) and is the major source of the critical shortage of educated and skilled human resource. The higher education system in Ethiopia is moving away from exclusive and dismally low enrolments towards increasing participation. To expand access, to redress inequitable subsidies by taxpayers to a small proportion of the age cohort and to diversify revenue the introduction of cost sharing is necessitated to supplement public finance. Cost sharing serves as an alternative non-governmental source supplementing revenue opening more opportunities and making students responsible citizens and customers. It also has a profound effect on improving the management and academic efficiency of the higher education institutions. In the expanding system, covering the full tuition and food and room cost for a small proportion of the age cohort from the taxpayers’ money is inappropriate and inequitable distribution of resources. A significant number of students are enrolled in fee-paying programs in public and private institutions. A modified model of the Australian type Graduate Tax, as a more attractive, simple and manageable scheme is adopted in the Ethiopian higher education landscape. The scheme is expected to ensure equitable access to students of any background, as there is no need to stipulate income of parents to arrive at the repayment amounts. Immediate removal of all subsidies to food and room, calculating appropriate tuition fees and costs, provision of every citizen a tax identification number (TIN) and decentralization and strengthening the tax collection and information system are essential for successful implementation of cost sharing in Ethiopia. These improvements enhance the confidence of both public and university community and improves cost recovery.
Anteromedialisation tibial tubercle osteotomy for recurrent patellar instability in young active patients: A retrospective case series §

Introduction Recurrent patellar instability can be a source of continued pain and functional limitation in the young, active patient population. Instability in the setting of an elevated tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT–TG) distance can be effectively managed with a tibial tubercle osteotomy. At the present time, clinical outcome data are limited with respect to this surgical approach to patellar instability. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed to identify all cases of tibial tubercle osteotomy for the management of patellar instability performed at our institution with at least 1 year of post-operative follow-up. Patient demographic information was collected along with relevant operative data. Each patient was evaluated post-operatively with their outcomes assessed utilising a visual analogue score of pain, patient satisfaction, Tegner Activity Scale and Kujala score. Results 31 patients (23 females and 8 males) with mean age of 27 years (17–43 years) and a mean BMI of 26.3 kg/m2 (19.6–35.8) at time of surgery who underwent a tibial tubercle osteotomy as treatment for recurrent patellar instability were identified. The cohort had a mean follow up of 4.4 years (1.5–11.8 years). The mean pre-operative TT–TG distance was 18 mm (10–22 mm). The mean VAS pain score demonstrated a significant improvement from 6.8 (95% CI 6.1–7.5) at baseline to 2.8 (95% CI 1.9–3.7) post-operatively (p < 0.001). The Tegner score improved from 4.1 (95% CI 3.4–4.8) pre-operatively to 5.2 (95% CI 4.5–5.9) at the time of final follow up (p < 0.04). The Kujala score for anterior knee pain improved postoperatively from 62 (95% CI 55.4–68.7) to 76.5 (95% CI 69.5–83.5) at final follow up (p < 0.001). 26 of the 31 patients (83.8%) had good to excellent Kujala scores. 27 of 31 patients (87.1%) reported that they would undergo the procedure again if necessary. Conclusion For the management of recurrent patellar instability in the setting of an increased tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance, a corrective tibial tubercle osteotomy is an effective treatment modality to reliably prevent patellar instability while reducing pain and improving function in this cohort of young, active patients.
Differential regulation of mRNAs encoding for rat intestinal alkaline phosphatase

A cDNA probe encoding the entire structural region of the 62-kDa rat intestinal alkaline phosphatase from amino acid residues 1 to 531 detected multiple mRNA species (3.0, 2.7, and 2.2 kb) in rat intestinal RNA. The 3.0-kb species was most evident in duodenum but could be easily detected in jejunum using a 48-mer oligonucleotide encoding amino acid residues 492-508. This 48-mer oligonucleotide bound preferentially to the 3.0-kb mRNA, suggesting that the 2.7-kb mRNA differed in this region. To determine whether each of the mRNAs encoding rat intestinal alkaline phosphatase responded coordinately to physiological stimuli, the full-length cDNA and the 48-mer oligonucleotide were used as probes for the 2.7- and 2.2-kb and the 3.0-kb mRNAs, respectively. Intestinal mRNA concentration was measured by Northern blot analysis in acute (single feed, 17 kcal) and chronic (3 wk, 30% fat diet) fat feeding and in rachitic rats after 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 therapy. There was a large increase (8- to 25-fold) in the 3.0-kb mRNA 7 h after acute fat feeding, with a much smaller increase (1.4- to 5.0-fold) in the 2.7- and 2.2-kb species. The peak in 3.0-kb mRNA accumulation correlated in time with the maximal activity of serum phosphatase activity after acute fat feeding (4- to 5-fold increase). In contrast, there was a much smaller increase in all mRNAs and in tissue and serum enzyme activity after chronic fat feeding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The origin and evolution of chordate nervous systems

In the past 40 years, comparisons of developmental gene expression and mechanisms of development (evodevo) joined comparative morphology as tools for reconstructing long-extinct ancestral forms. Unfortunately, both approaches typically give congruent answers only with closely related organisms. Chordate nervous systems are good examples. Classical studies alone left open whether the vertebrate brain was a new structure or evolved from the anterior end of an ancestral nerve cord like that of modern amphioxus. Evodevo plus electron microscopy showed that the amphioxus brain has a diencephalic forebrain, small midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord with parts of the genetic mechanisms for the midbrain/hindbrain boundary, zona limitans intrathalamica and neural crest. Evodevo also showed how extra genes resulting from whole-genome duplications in vertebrates facilitated evolution of new structures like neural crest. Understanding how the chordate central nervous system (CNS) evolved from that of the ancestral deuterostome has been truly challenging. The majority view is that this ancestor had a CNS with a brain that gave rise to the chordate CNS and, with loss of a discrete brain, to one of the two hemichordate nerve cords. The minority view is that this ancestor had no nerve cord; those in chordates and hemichordates evolved independently. New techniques such as phylostratigraphy may help resolve this conundrum.
Rabies Virus CVS-N2cΔG Strain Enhances Retrograde Synaptic Transfer and Neuronal Viability

Virally based transsynaptic tracing technologies are powerful experimental tools for neuronal circuit mapping. The glycoprotein-deletion variant of the SAD-B19 vaccine strain rabies virus (RABV) has been the reagent of choice in monosynaptic tracing, since it permits the mapping of synaptic inputs to genetically marked neurons. Since its introduction, new helper viruses and reagents that facilitate complementation have enhanced the efficiency of SAD-B19(ΔG) transsynaptic transfer, but there has been little focus on improvements to the core RABV strain. Here we generate a new deletion mutant strain, CVS-N2c(ΔG), and examine its neuronal toxicity and efficiency in directing retrograde transsynaptic transfer. We find that by comparison with SAD-B19(ΔG), the CVS-N2c(ΔG) strain exhibits a reduction in neuronal toxicity and a marked enhancement in transsynaptic neuronal transfer. We conclude that the CVS-N2c(ΔG) strain provides a more effective means of mapping neuronal circuitry and of monitoring and manipulating neuronal activity in vivo in the mammalian CNS.
Tetrakis(dialkylamino)phosphonium Polyelectrolytes Prepared by Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization

A tetrakis(dialkylamino)phosphonium cation ([P(NR2)4]+) was appended to a styrenic monomer and explored in reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) to conduct random copolymerizations of the cationic monomer with styrene. Well-defined polyelectrolytes with molecular weights up to ∼30 100 and dispersities between ∼1.2 and 1.4 were obtained. Up to 18.9 mol % of the ionic monomer could be incorporated into the polymer with hexafluorophosphate or bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide acting as the counterion during polymerization. Differential scanning calorimetry of the hexafluorophosphate polymers revealed glass transition temperatures higher than polystyrene likely due to interactions between the anion and the polymer. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated these materials have high thermal stability with decomposition temperatures approaching 400 °C.
The Changing Computing Paradigm With Internet of Things: A Tutorial Introduction

This Tutorial paper is about the Internet of Things, its applications, challenges, and how it may change the way of computing. Besides a comprehensive introduction, it focuses on two major design constraints, namely, security and power management.
Father-Child Interactions in a Shopping Mall: A Naturalistic Study of Father Role Behavior

Abstract Two hundred and fifty-three mother-father-child triads were unobtrusively observed within a community shopping mall to investigate the nature of naturally occurring father-child interactions. In 91% of fathers' active responses to children's demands, fathers behaved in ways categorized as instrumental or controlling. Affectional or expressive behaviors were observed only 9% of the time. Analysis of patterns of behaviors suggests that ignoring and controlling behaviors were used selectively to promote a relationship consistent with traditional sex-role definitions of behavior. Father-child interactions occurred more frequently when the mother was absent, but the pattern of behavior was not affected by mothers' presence or by the age of the child. The pattern of father-child interactions was affected by the behavior setting and the sex of the child.
An Unsuccessful Attempt to Demonstrate Filtrable Forms of Bacteria with K Medium

Kendall,2 in 1931, 1932 and 1933, announced that the filtrability of certain bacteria could be demonstrated at will by cultivation in a special peptone-free K medium high in protein and that filtrable forms could be recovered from the blood in cases of influenza, common cold, rheumatic fever and arthritis, many bacteriologists hoped that at last a method of study had been found for filtrable bacteria and that the possible relationship of such forms to the filtrable viruses might be demonstrated.
Accuracy of PSA Self-Reports among Low-Income Men with Prostate Cancer after a Public Health Nursing Intervention.

Objectives To examine accuracy of patient-reported prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels among indigent, uninsured men in a state-funded prostate cancer treatment program that provides case management, care coordination, and health education. Design and Sample Program evaluation. About 114 men with matched self- and lab-reported PSA levels at program enrollment and another time point within 18 months. Measures Abstraction of self- and lab-reported PSA levels to determine self-report as “accurate” or “inaccurate,” and evaluate accuracy change over time, before and after nursing interventions. Chi-square tests compared patients with accurate versus inaccurate PSA values. Nonlinear multivariate analyses explored trends in self-reported accuracy over time. Intervention Program enrollees receive prostate cancer education from a Nurse Case Manager (NCM), including significance of PSA levels. Men self-report PSA results to their NCM following lab draws and appointments. The NCM provides ongoing education about PSA levels. Results Of the sample, 46% (n = 53) accurately reported PSA levels. Accuracy of PSA self-reports improved with increasing time since program enrollment. Compared with men at public facilities, those treated at private facilities showed increasing accuracy in self-reported PSA (p = .038). Conclusion A targeted nursing intervention may increase specific knowledge of PSA levels. Additionally, the provider/treatment setting significantly impacts a patient's disease education and knowledge.
Veteran as leader: The lived experience with Army leader development

Each year at least $50 billion is spent globally on leadership development—more than any other training and development program. Managers are concerned about the leadership shortage faced by their organizations and have been aggressive in their attempts to address the issue. These same organization leaders argue that the leadership and teamwork skills possessed by U.S. military veterans are highly desirable. This article presents findings from a phenomenological study that examined how U.S. Army veterans experienced leader development during their term of service. A purposive sample of 10 lower enlisted Army veterans completed a pre–military leadership autobiography and a face-to-face interview. Four primary themes emerged: (a) consistent first Army experiences, (b) observed leadership, (c) performing is essential, and (d) we are all leaders despite not understanding the process. This article contributes to the field of human resource development by discussing the Army leader development program as experienced by veterans and offering nonmilitary organizations a progressive leadership development methodology based on Army training.
Utility of GATA-3 in the work-Up of breast adenocarcinoma and its differential diagnosis in serous effusions:: A Cell-Block Microarray Study.

Background GATA-3 is a transcription factor involved in human tissue growth and differentiation. It is a potential marker for breast carcinoma origin in metastasis and predictive of good prognosis. We aim to evaluate the role of GATA3 in determining the breast origin of metastatic adenocarcinoma in malignant effusions using immunohistochemistry on cell-block microarray in comparison with ER and PR results. Methods Cell blocks from 100 cases of malignant and reactive serous effusions with confirmed diagnosis were selected; 28 mammary carcinomas, 64 extra-mammary adenocarcinomas (gastrointestinal, pulmonary, gynecologic), and 8 reactive mesothelium proliferation as control. Immunohistochemistry on cell-block microarray was used. Microarray slides were stained for GATA-3, ER and PR. Nuclear staining of >1% was considered positive. Results GATA3, ER and PR were positive in 25 (89%), 20 (71%) and 16 (57%) of breast carcinoma cases, respectively. All non-breast cancer cases were negative for GATA-3 with the exception of one Mullerian adenocarcinoma (1.6%). The calculated sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) of GATA3 reactivity in determining the breast origin of metastatic adenocarcinoma was 89.3% (95% CI: 71.7–97.7%), 98.6% (95% CI: 91.6–99.9%) and 96.2% (95% CI: 80.4–99.9%), respectively. GATA3 positivity was associated with ER or PR positivity in 84% of cases. Conclusions GATA3 is a useful marker in determining the breast origin of metastatic adenocarcinoma in malignant serous effusions. Reactivity to GATA3 may indicate good prognosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:731–736. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
All-Directions Through-the-Wall Radar Imaging Using a Small Number of Moving Transceivers

Through-the-wall radar imaging systems are utilized for mapping buildings' interiors and detecting static and moving objects hidden behind the walls. The current techniques rely on large linear antenna arrays with directional radiation pattern for obtaining high cross-range resolution, and their imaging capability is limited by the low array processing gain and field of view. This paper introduces a new technique for through-the-wall radar imaging in which the linear array is replaced by a dense 2-D synthetic array formed by an ad hoc network of moving transceivers with omnidirectional antennas. Applying this method enables imaging of building interiors from outside or inside with 360° field of view. As receivers move, the direct and reflected signals from a stationary transmitter are sampled at different positions within the roaming domain, and by combining such signal samples using an appropriate beam-forming technique, a large and dense array is synthesized to provide an accurate radar map of the buildings' interiors and hidden objects in all directions. To increase the system dynamic range, the direct signals between the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) antennas are reduced, utilizing orthogonal polarizations for Tx and Rx. To improve the range resolution and reduce the background noise, a new method based on the generalized pencil of function method is proposed. This method can accurately detect the locations of the reflecting points within the image which, in combination with the standard back-projection focusing, provides high-quality radar images. A finite-element method for a simple building structure and ray tracing for a large 3-D building structure are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.
The Role of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy in the Rehabilitation of Pediatric and Adolescent Patients with Osteosarcoma

The approach to rehabilitation of patients with osteosarcoma has evolved with the many advances in the medical treatment and surgical management of this pediatric and adolescent cancer. In the past, amputation (often radical amputation) was the standard method for treating patients with extremity sarcomas, and rehabilitation was geared toward providing either functional training for patients who had not had limb replacement or prosthetic training for those who had received prostheses. Currently, limb-sparing procedures combined with adjuvant chemotherapy (and occasionally radiotherapy) are used to treat most patients with this disease. In addition, physical-therapy and occupational-therapy interventions are now tailored to address the multiple physical and psychosocial difficulties these patients will face for the remainder of their lives. Integral parts of the interdisciplinary team, practitioners of these disciplines, provide services that enable patients to achieve their highest functional status to permit them to return to their role in society and hence enjoy dignity and improved quality of life.
Latina/o College Student Leadership: Emerging Theory, Promising Practice. Adele Lozano (Ed.)

Editor Adele Lozano and all of the contributors to Latina/o College Student Leadership: Emerging Theory, Promising Practice remind us of two things: (a) The Latin@ student population on campuses in...
E-cigarette use and smoking reduction or cessation in the 2010/2011 TUS-CPS longitudinal cohort.

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are heavily marketed and widely perceived as helpful for quitting or reducing smoking intensity. We test whether ever-use of e-cigarettes among early adopters was associated with: 1) increased cigarette smoking cessation; and 2) reduced cigarette consumption. A representative cohort of U.S. smokers (N = 2454) from the 2010 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS) was re-interviewed 1 year later. Outcomes were smoking cessation for 30+ days and change in cigarette consumption at follow-up. E-cigarettes use was categorized as for cessation purposes or for another reason. Multivariate regression was used to adjust for demographics and baseline cigarette dependence level. In 2011, an estimated 12 % of adult U.S. smokers had ever used e-cigarettes, and 41 % of these reported use to help quit smoking. Smokers who had used e-cigarettes for cessation were less likely to be quit for 30+ days at follow-up, compared to never-users who tried to quit (11.1 % vs 21.6 %; ORadj = 0.44, 95 % CI = 0.2–0.8). Among heavier smokers at baseline (15+ cigarettes per day (CPD)), ever-use of e-cigarettes was not associated with change in smoking consumption. Lighter smokers (<15 CPD) who had ever used e-cigarettes for quitting had stable consumption, while increased consumption was observed among all other lighter smokers, although this difference was not statistically significant. Among early adopters, ever-use of first generation e-cigarettes to aid quitting cigarette smoking was not associated with improved cessation or with reduced consumption, even among heavier smokers.
Accelerated noncontrast-enhanced 4-dimensional intracranial MR angiography using golden-angle stack-of-stars trajectory and compressed sensing with magnitude subtraction.

Purpose To evaluate the feasibility and performance of compressed sensing (CS) with magnitude subtraction regularization in accelerating non–contrast-enhanced dynamic intracranial MR angiography (NCE-dMRA). Methods A CS algorithm was introduced in NCE-dMRA by exploiting the sparsity of the magnitude difference of the control and label images. The NCE-dMRA data were acquired using golden-angle stack-of-stars trajectory on six healthy volunteers and one patient with arteriovenous fistula. Images were reconstructed using (i) the proposed magnitude-subtraction CS (MS-CS); (ii) complex-subtraction CS; (iii) independent CS; and (iv) view-sharing with k-space weighted image contrast (KWIC). The dMRA image quality was compared across the four reconstruction strategies. The proposed MS-CS method was further compared with KWIC for temporal fidelity of depicting dynamic flow. Results The proposed MS-CS method was able to reconstruct NCE-dMRA images with detailed vascular structures and clean background. It provided better subjective image quality than the other two CS strategies (P < 0.05). Compared with KWIC, MS-CS showed similar image quality, but reduced temporal blurring in delineating the fine distal arteries. Conclusions The MS-CS method is a promising CS technique for accelerating NCE-dMRA acquisition without compromising image quality and temporal fidelity. Magn Reson Med, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Two Sources of Nonisotropic Radiation From Underground Explosions in Granite

Significant tangential ground motion observed during underground explosions makes it difficult to distinguish them from natural earthquakes. Such motion can be generated by the source geometry and emplacement conditions, by the heterogeneous nature of the rock mass (mechanical properties may vary in space due to the presence of cracks, joints, faults and various geologic layers) and also by the nonuniform in situ stress state. The last mechanism is increasingly important with depth when the difference in main principal stresses becomes significant. This paper is focused on the role of material strength of the rock mass in generation of non-radial motion during explosions in pre-stressed media. Numerical modeling of underground chemical explosions in granite at various depths have been conducted to compare two possible mechanisms of shear wave generation. The first, caused by rock mass anisotropy, is important at shallow depth. The second is related to elastic-plastic relaxation around the cavity created by the explosion.Tangential motions for these two mechanisms have different signatures.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF MECHANICAL THROMBECTOMY IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE ISCHEMIC ANTERIOR CIRCULATION STROKE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke have yielded variable results. Via this systematic review and meta-analysis we pooled all published RCTs assessing comparative efficacy and safety of MT versus
One-Year Mortality after Contemporary Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery: An Analysis of the Bariatric Outcomes Longitudinal Database.

Background Contemporary mortality after bariatric surgery is low and has been decreasing over the past 2 decades. Most studies have reported inpatient or 30-day mortality, which may not represent the true risk of bariatric surgery. The objective of this study was to examine 1-year mortality and factors predictive of 1-year mortality after contemporary laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Study Design Using the 2008 to 2012 Bariatric Outcomes Longitudinal Database (BOLD), data from 158,606 operations were analyzed, including 128,349 (80.9%) laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) and 30,257 (19.1%) laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) operations. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine independent risk factors associated with 1-year mortality for each type of procedure. Results The 30-day and 1-year mortality rates for LRYGB were 0.13% and 0.23%, respectively, and for LSG were 0.06% and 0.11%, respectively. Risk factors for 1-year mortality included older age (LRYGB: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.05 per year, p Conclusions Contemporary 1-year mortality after laparoscopic bariatric surgery is much lower than previously reported, at
Gcn4 Binding in Coding Regions Can Activate Internal and Canonical 5′ Promoters in Yeast

Gcn4 is a yeast transcriptional activator induced by amino acid starvation. ChIP-seq analysis revealed 546 genomic sites occupied by Gcn4 in starved cells, representing ∼30% of Gcn4-binding motifs. Surprisingly, only ∼40% of the bound sites are in promoters, of which only ∼60% activate transcription, indicating extensive negative control over Gcn4 function. Most of the remaining ∼300 Gcn4-bound sites are within coding sequences (CDSs), with ∼75 representing the only bound sites near Gcn4-induced genes. Many such unconventional sites map between divergent antisense and sub-genic sense transcripts induced within CDSs adjacent to induced TBP peaks, consistent with Gcn4 activation of cryptic bidirectional internal promoters. Mutational analysis confirms that Gcn4 sites within CDSs can activate sub-genic and full-length transcripts from the same or adjacent genes, showing that functional Gcn4 binding is not confined to promoters. Our results show that internal promoters can be regulated by an activator that functions at conventional 5'-positioned promoters.
Fuzziness, Science, the Knowledge Square and the Problem of Exact Science

Given the structure of the theory of the knowledge square, as presented in previous chapters, we will now reflect on the structure of science and the theory of knowledge in relation to fuzziness that covers ambiguities, vagueness and quality in the information structure as an input for knowledge production. The stage of our modern knowledge, the speed of the global technological progress, the relationship between technological progress and knowledge, the required efficiency of organizational operations to use the human and non-human resources to improve human conditions and maintain life, the required efficiency of social management of synergetic relations, the increasing need for information and the complexities of our accepted knowledge, demand an important reexamination of certain philosophical claims on modes of reasoning and methods of acceptance of epistemic items as true or false in the knowledge-production process. Our knowledge-production enterprise has been partitioned into science and non-science with more social respect and credibility given to the results of science and the enterprise of science. Let us examine the structure and form of this partition.
Self-reported financial stress among patients evaluated at a community cancer program.

6553Background: Cancer related financial stress has been linked to a multitude of factors including socio-economic status, but its impact on the quality of life (QOL) for underserved populations is...