cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Combustion synthesis of microstructurally designed green powder compacts

Abstract This paper discusses a new elemental powder compact design that promotes considerably improved densities of combustion synthesized nickel aluminide–titanium carbide composites (at 20 vol.% titanium carbide loading) without the application of external pressure. The effect of processing temperature (700 °C, 900 °C and 1164 °C) on the product porosity, microstructure homogeneity and hardness is discussed. Results are also compared to specimens produced using the conventional green compact design and processed at the same investigated temperatures. Both porosity and in-homogeneity are reduced using this new design at a processing temperature of 700 °C, and were also both found to decrease with increase in processing temperature. Moreover, Vickers hardness measurements on the specimens revealed that the new microstructural design resulted in products with significantly superior hardness compared to materials produced through conventional green compact design. Also despite the low levels of porosity of materials produced through conventional green compact design when reacted at 1164 °C, a vastly inferior hardness was still obtained owing to poor TiC distribution, in addition to poor bonding between intermetallic grains.
The distribution of fluoride and calcium in the liver of the carbon tetrachloride-poisoned rat

Abstract The effect of fluoride on CCl 4 -induced hepatic calcium accumulation and the subcellular distribution of fluoride and calcium in CCl 4 poisoning were studied in 51-day-old rats. Treating rats with 2.5 m m NaF drinking water significantly elevated serum and whole liver fluoride levels above the levels observed in rats treated with 2.5 m m NaCl drinking water without altering serum or whole liver inorganic phosphate or calcium levels. An ip injection of 1.25 ml CCl 4 /kg body wt elevated whole liver fluoride and calcium levels in the fluoride-treated group two- to threefold at 24 and 48 hr postinjection without altering serum fluoride, inorganic phosphate, or calcium levels or whole liver inorganic phosphate levels. The presence or absence of fluoride had no effect on the serum or whole liver inorganic phosphate or calcium levels observed at any time point. Between 87 and 90% of the excess fluoride was localized in the residual supernatant fluid while all of the excess calcium was localized in the purified mitochondrial pellet. This suggests that the hepatic calcium accumulation is not primarily in the form of hydroxyapatite. The elevation of the whole liver fluoride level above the serum level in the absence of hydroxyapatite suggests binding of fluoride to unknown compounds present in the damaged tissue. A CCl 4 -induced increase in intracellular pH might explain an increase in the residual supernatant fluoride level to equal the serum level, but it seems unlikely that the intracellular pH would rise enough to explain the observed residual supernatant fluoride level. The possibility that CCl 4 damages an active cellular extrusion system for fluoride also needs to be considered as an alternative or contributing mechanism.
Counterion induced bundle formation of rodlike polyelectrolytes

A number of filamentous biopolymers including actin filaments (F-actin), microtubules (MT), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and the filamentous bacteriophage fd form bundles under well-defined conditions. All of these macromolecules are negatively charged rodlike assemblies, and lateral association is induced by a number of cations such as divalent and trivalent metal ions and homopolymers of basic peptides. The general features of bundle formation are largely independent of the specific structure of the biopolymers and the bundling agent used. They are also approximately independent of the concentration of macromolecules. However, a threshold concentration of bundling agent is required in order to form large lateral aggregates, detected by a sharp increase in light scattering and by electron microscopy. The threshold concentration varies strongly with the valence of the cations and increases with the ionic strength of the solution. The formation of bundles is reversible by polyanions such as nucleoside phosphates. This overall behavior is similar to the phenomenon of DNA condensation and can be explained by applying polyelectrolyte theories, including the concept of counterion condensation. Our results provide quantitative comparisons with a number of predictions of polyelectrolyte theories, including the calculation of apparent binding affinity and its dependence on ionic strength. They also support the prediction of an attractive interaction between the neighboring filaments due to sharing of counterion clouds. In addition, the simply detectable, reversible assembly of macromolecules in solution serves as a sensitive indicator of the active association of small ions and the formation of ion clusters. Association constants of Co(NH 3 ) 6 3+ -ATP and Lys 18 -ATP were determined by application of this model.
Crystal and molecular structure of a diradical, 1,3-dinitro-4,6-di[3-(2,2,5,5-tetramethyl)-pyrrolidinyl-N-oxide]aminobenzene monohydrate

The crystal structure of 1,3-dinitro-4,6-di[3-(2,2,5,5-tetramethyl)pyrrolidinyl-N-oxide] aminobenzene monohydrate has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods using the 1793 unique reflections for which 3 ° 3σ(I), and refined to a conventionalR index of 0.032. Counter methods using MoKα radiation were employed. Crystals form in the triclinic space groupP¯1 (No. 2) witha = 16.160(10),b = 11.686(6),c = 7.211(5) A, α = 95.87(5) °, β = 98.67(5) °, and γ = 107.74(4) °. All hydrogen atom positions were determined. Intramolecular hydrogen-bonding between the nitro and amino groups has, in part, caused the central 20 atoms of the molecule, counting hydrogen atoms, to lie in an approximate plane. The benzene ring is distorted by its substituents to the symmetrymm2(C2v). The internal angles of the benzene ring range from 116.1 ° to 124.7 ° (esd = 0.3 °), and its bonds are between 1.368 A and 1.436 A (esd = 0.004 A) in length. Four of the five atoms in each pyrrolidine ring are nearly coplanar; the remaining atom, the carbon bonded to the amine nitrogen in each case, lies approximately 0.53 A from the corresponding plane. The best four-atom planes of the two pyrrolidine rings are each near to perpendicular to the central plane, giving the molecule a lobster-like appearance; they are each rotated approximately 15 °, in opposite senses, from perpendicular. The intramolecular distance between the two pyrrolidine nitrogen atoms, to which the unpaired charges can be assigned, is 7.68 A. One of the nitroso oxygen atoms is hydrogen-bonded by two symmetry-equivalent water molecules. The inversion center necessitates that the remaining hydrogen atoms of these water molecules both hydrogen-bond to a symmetry-equivalent nitroso oxygen atom to give a hydrogen-bonded four-oxygen ring.
Risperidone associated weight, leptin, and anthropometric changes in children and adolescents with psychotic disorders in early treatment.

Objective To document prospective weight and anthropometric changes in children and adolescents during the first 12 weeks of treatment with risperidone and evaluate metabolic outcomes including plasma leptin levels. Method Eight patients with psychotic disorders (ages 11‐17) who had started risperidone (mean: 1.80mg/day; sd ¼1.04) in the prior 4weeks participatedinthisobservationalstudy.Fastingmorningbloodsampleswere obtainedatbaselineandweek8toassessglucose,leptin, cortisol, insulin, and triglycerides. Measures of body mass index (BMI), weight, waist and hip circumference, blood pressure, and heart rate were obtained weekly. Results Participants increased in mean weight (4.16kg; sd ¼4.36; p ¼0.03) and BMI (1.47kg/m 2 ;s d¼1.53; p ¼0.03) with five out of eight gaining at least 7% of baseline body weight. They had a 4.03cm (sd ¼3.82; p ¼0.02) increase in waist circumference and a 5.17cm (sd ¼3.68; p ¼0.01) increase in hip circumference. Leptin trended higher, but did not reach statistical significance. There were no significant changes in glucose, insulin, cortisol, blood pressure, or heart rate. Conclusion Subjects experienced significant increases in weight, BMI, hip and waist circumference during the first 3 months of treatment. Better powered research with more advanced anthropometric assessment is warranted to further elucidate mechanisms of antipsychotic associated weight gain in youth. Copyright # 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. key words—antipsychotic medication; weight gain; pediatric; psychotic disorders; leptin; metabolic
Alkaline phosphatase of Drosophila melanogaster. III. Tyrosine-O-phosphate as substrate

Tyrosine-O-phosphate was used as a substrate for two allelic forms (APH-4 and-6) of alkaline phosphatase of late third instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster. Two findings of particular interest are (1) lack of inhibition by 1mm inorganic phosphate and (2) severe substrate inhibition. The accumulated evidence that, in vivo, alkaline phosphatase catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine-O-phosphate into tyrosine, which is then utilized for puparium formation, is discussed.
SITE-SPECIFIC SURFACE CHEMISTRY OF GaAs (001)

In this article, we summarize our studies of the surface chemistry of gallium arsenide as it pertains to the metal organic chemical vapor deposition of compound semiconductors. It has been found by scanning tunneling microscopy and vibrational spectroscopy that the adsorption of reactant molecules on reconstruted GaAs (001) surfaces is "site-specific." The adsorption sites on the semiconductor surface are revealed by the vibrational spectrum of adsorbed hydrogen. Studies of arsine adsorption have shown that it dissociatively adsorbs only on gallium sites and transfers hydrogen to the neighboring As atom. Studies of carbon doping with carbon tetrachloride have shown that adsorbed chlorine attacks the exposed gallium and generates volatile GaClx species. The site-specific nature of this reaction leads to a dramatic change in the film morphology, with the formation of etch pits primarily distributed along the step edges.
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans†

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) represents a spectrum of mesenchymal spindle cell tumors that typically involve both dermis and subcutis. Presented herein are six cases of DFSP, four of which were initially diagnosed by FNAB. The cytologic features useful in the identification of this lesion on Papanicolaou- and Diff-Quik-stained smears are discussed. Chief among these are the storiform stromal fragments, presence of entrapped adipose tissue and the recognition of fibrohistiocytic spindle cells. The potential pitfalls and the differential diagnostic possibilities of spindle-cell lesions, particularly those of fibrohistiocytic origin are discussed.
Direct estimation of aberrating delays in pulse-echo imaging systems.

Nearfield fluctuations in wave propagation velocity and system timing errors are among the sources of focusing aberrations in pulse‐echo imaging systems. For situations in which the source of these errors can be modeled by a stationary phase aberrator placed in front of the transmitter and receiver aperture, appropriate electronic delays might be applied to the signals associated with each array element in order to restore the system to focus. A method is decribed and evaluated for estimating the set of aberrating delays in a linear array utilizing data from a single two‐dimensional scan. The underlying principle is analogous to that of phase closure used for one‐way passive interferometry and readily generalizes to two‐dimensional arrays. Although the following theory is developed in the context of acoustic imaging, the general approach is applicable to other pulse‐echo systems, such as radar.
Comparative magnetic resonance image-based evaluation of thalamotomy and pallidotomy lesion volumes.

Acute thalamotomy and pallidotomy lesion volumes based on magnetic resonance (MR) images were measured in 22 patients (11 thalamotomy and 11 pallidotomy patients). Thalamotomy inner lesion volumes (0.
Europium environment and clustering in europium doped silica and sodium silicate glasses

Abstract The local environment and distribution of rare earth ions are important to the optical properties of rare earth doped oxide glasses. In this paper, we report studies of the structures of europium doped (around 1 mol% Eu2O3) silica and sodium silicate glasses using molecular dynamics simulations. By using effective partial charge potentials, systems with over 24,000 atoms were modeled in order to obtain better statistics of rare earth ion distribution. The simulated glass structures were validated by comparing the calculated neutron and X-ray structure factors with experimental data. It was found that europium ions have higher coordination number (5.9 versus 4.8) and more symmetric environments in sodium silicate glasses than in the silica glass. Rare earth ion clustering has been characterized in detail and it was found that the clustering probability of europium ions in sodium silicate glass is consistently less than that predicted from a random distribution, while the probability of clustering in pure silica glass is higher than that of random distribution at the 1 mol% doping level.
Effect of Alteration of Size of the Aromatic Dicarboxylic Acid Nucleus on Local Anesthetic Activity

Dialkylaminoalkyl esters of 4,4’-diphenyl propanedicarboxylic acid; 4,4 ’-dibenzyldi- carboxylic acid; 4,4,-diphenybnethanedicarboxylic acid; 4,4 ’-diphenyldicarboxylic acid, and terephthalic acid were prepared as the hydrochlorides and tested for local anesthetic activity on the rabbit cornea and by intradermal injection in the guinea pig.Acute toxicity was studied by intraperitoneal and intravenous injection in mice.No predictable relationship between local anesthetic activity and the size of the dicarboxylic acid nucleus was evident.Toxicity decreased as the methylene groups between the benzene rings was reduced.Two esters appeared to have greater local anesthetic activity and lower toxicity than procaine.
Admission control and resource allocation in a strictly priority based network

Highly dynamic information environments that support military applications should be able to satisfy increasingly stringent demands on end-to-end QoS. As part of the DARPA AICE (Agile Information Control Environment) program, we have developed a middleware framework for admission control and resource allocation, for maximization of the end-to-end QoS for communication channels. Called Adaptive Information Control (AIC), the framework includes a novel architecture for the control environment, and rich models for flow characterization and resource constraints. We describes novel algorithms, based on strict priority, for resource allocation that maximize the overall mission objectives. A concept of 'bottleneck priority' is introduced which simplifies the computational effort. The overall architecture is described along with various resource allocation algorithms. Different test cases demonstrate the utility of such optimal resource allocation mechanisms for the success of the overall mission.
A computational model of belief

We propose a logic of belief in which the expansion of beliefs beyond what has been explicitly learned is modeled as a finite computational process. The logic does not impose a particular computational mechanism; rather, the mechanism is a parameter of the logic, and we show that as long as the mechanism meets a particular set of constraints, the resulting logic has certain desirable properties. Chief among these is the property that one can reason soundly about another agent's beliefs by simulating its computational mechanism with one's own. The EPILOG system, a computer program designed for narrative understanding, serves as a case study for the application of the model and the implementation of simulative inference about belief.
The Rectangle Placement Language

Constraint-based symbolic layout of VLSI designs has received growing attention during the past few years. Several systems have been developed which can offer graphical or textual media for the expression of designs and can provide automatic compaction to technology specific design rules. The ability of these systems to allow for the expression of more generalized relationships is a topic open for further research. RPL is a constraint-based symbolic layout language intended to address the problem of providing a more flexible set of constraints and restraints to the designer for expressing the relationships and dependencies of the design. This paper describes some of the ideas behind this work and details some of the progress that has been made.
Phytohemagglutinin stimulation of lymphocytes improves mutation analysis of carbamoylphosphate synthetase 1

Carbamoylphosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) is the first enzyme of the urea cycle. CPS1 deficiency is a rare autosomal-recessively inherited disorder that can lead to life-threatening hyperammonemia. Since there is no reliable biochemical marker for this disease, diagnosis relies on molecular means which is often done by RNA-based mutation analysis. Skin fibroblasts have been frequently used as a source of RNA while peripheral blood cells do not yield sufficient amounts of specific RNA. To avoid the costly and laborious use of cultured fibroblasts, we tried to use stimulated lymphocytes as an alternative. This was effectively achieved by short-term culture of full heparin blood in the presence of phytohemagglutinin. Hereby, subsequent reverse transcriptase-PCR of the CPS1 transcript became feasible and allowed to detect 16 different mutations (10 missense, 3 deletions, 2 nonsense, 1 duplication; 7 novel mutations) in 14 consecutive patients with CPS1 deficiency. When compared to retrospective data on cultured fibroblasts, the adapted method allowed substantial shortening of the median time to diagnosis (24 days versus 122 days, respectively). Besides disease causing mutations, we detected CPS1 transcript variants including one cryptic exon in RNA from lymphocytes with higher frequency than in RNA from fibroblasts. This underlines that all mutations found in RNA need to be confirmed by DNA sequencing. In conclusion, the presented approach improves the diagnostics of CPS1 deficiency. Besides the shortened time to diagnosis, the method is of particular importance for confirmation of findings of next generation sequencing and gene chips.
Quantitative Insulin Analysis Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry in a High-Throughput Clinical Laboratory

BACKGROUND: Circulating insulin concentrations reflect the amount of endogenous insulin produced by the pancreas and can be monitored to check for insulin resistance. Insulin is commonly measured using immunochemiluminometric assays (ICMA). Unfortunately, differing crossreactivities of the various ICMA antibodies have led to variability in assay results. In contrast, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based approaches can provide a highly specific alternative to immunoassays. METHODS: Insulin was extracted from patient serum and reduced to liberate the insulin B chain. Subsequent resolution of the peptide was achieved by LC coupled to triple-quadrupole MS. Selected-reaction monitoring of B-chain transitions was used for quantification. Recombinant human insulin was used as a calibrator and was compared against the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC) reference standard. Bovine insulin and a stable isotopic-labeled (13C/15N) human insulin B chain were used and compared as internal standards. RESULTS: The LC-MS/MS assay described herein has been validated according to CLIA guidelines with a limit of detection of 1.8 μIU/mL (10.8 pmol/L) and a limit of quantitation of 3 μIU/mL (18.0 pmol/L). A correlation between the LC-MS/MS assay and a US Food and Drug Administration-approved ICMA was completed for patient samples and the resulting Deming regression revealed good agreement. A reference interval for the assay was established. CONCLUSIONS: A simple, high-throughput, quantitative LC-MS/MS insulin assay traceable to the NIBSC standard has been successfully developed and validated.
Engineering and quantum control of single spins in semiconductors

The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond offers the opportunity to develop quantum technologies that leverage the defect’s atom-like properties using established engineering techniques from the semiconductor industry. While many NV center applications are motivated by the remarkable properties of isolated NV centers in bulk diamond, realizing these technologies requires addressing a number of device and materials engineering challenges unique to creating and controlling individual semiconductor spins. We review recent advances in interfacing NV centers with on-chip electronics that enable control over the defect’s spin and orbital degrees of freedom and review fabrication techniques for creating single NV centers with nanometer-scale placement accuracies. We also discuss efforts, motivated by the success of diamond NV center applications, to identify defect spins with similar properties to the NV center in more technologically mature semiconductors such as SiC.
Prophylactic gatifloxacin therapy in prevention of bacterial keratitis in a rabbit laser in situ keratomileusis model

Purpose Use the ID 50 (infectious dose to 50% of experimental animals) to quantify the most effective prophylactic dosing regimen to use with gatifloxacin 0.3% (Zymar) for the prevention of keratitis in a rabbit laser in situ keratomileusis model of Staphylococcus epidermidis infection. Setting University Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA. Methods Two groups of rabbits were compared in each of 2 experiments that were separated by 12 months. In the first experiment, rabbits receiving no postoperative antibiotic therapy (Group 1) were compared with rabbits receiving postoperative antibiotic therapy (Group 2). In the second experiment, postoperative antibiotic therapy (Group 3) was compared with preoperative and postoperative antibiotic therapy (Group 4). All antibiotic regimens used gatifloxacin 0.3%. Before antibiotic therapy began, corneal pockets were created in the right eye of each rabbit and all rabbits received balanced salt solution (BSS) only or BSS and S epidermidis inoculations in the corneal pocket. Rabbits were monitored for corneal infiltrates after surgery. Results The ID 50 of the first, second, third, and fourth groups of rabbits was 10 2 , 10 4 , 10 5 , and 10 7 organisms, respectively. The data showed a statistically significant difference between rabbits receiving BSS only and most rabbits receiving BSS plus inoculate at each postoperative measurement ( P Conclusions The findings suggest that the use of both preoperative and postoperative antibiotic therapy may be most effective in preventing infection. Postoperative antibiotic therapy increased the number of S epidermidis necessary to cause infection by at least 100-fold over no antibiotic intervention. Preoperative plus postoperative antibiotic therapy increased the number of bacteria necessary to cause infection by at least 100-fold over postoperative therapy alone and by more than 10000-fold over no antibiotic intervention.
Collagenase and Gelatinase Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression and Activity During Follicular Development in the Rat Ovary

Metalloproteinases are members of a family of proteinases that remodel the extracellular matrix throughout the body. To test the hypothesis that metalloproteinases are regulated by gonadotropin-induced changes during follicular growth, rats were injected with eCG (20 IU, s.c.), and ovaries and serum were collected at the time of eCG administration (0 h) and at 6, 12, 24, 36, or 48 h later for analysis of metalloproteinase mRNA expression, metalloproteinase activity, and steroidogenesis. Serum estradiol levels increased from 18.9 pg/ml at 0 h to 503.8 pg/ml at 48 h. Analysis of mRNA expression was performed for collagenase-3, 72-kDa gelatinase, and 92-kDa gelatinase (n = 3-4). For collagenase-3, eCG stimulated a 32-fold increase in collagenase-3 mRNA at 48 h after eCG injection as compared to that in ovaries collected at the time of eCG administration (i.e., 0-h control). The mRNA levels for 72-kDa gelatinase were 2.8-fold compared to 0 h at 36 h after eCG treatment and returned to control levels by 48 h after gonadotropin treatment. Levels of the 92-kDa mRNA expression peaked at 24 h (4. 2-fold compared to 0 h) and returned to control levels by 36 h. Gel zymography revealed 3 gelatinolytic bands corresponding to the gelatinases of approximately 72 kDa, 92 kDa, and 105 kDa. Analysis of metalloproteinase activity as the degradation of collagen or gelatin per ovary showed an increase in gelatinolytic and collagenolytic activity between 12 and 48 h after eCG treatment. In summary, these findings demonstrate that the gonadotropin induction of folliculogenesis results in changes in the metalloproteinases that may be responsible for extracellular matrix remodeling associated with follicular growth.
Adult Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults is a valid and impairing disorder for which psychopharmacological and psychosocial treatments are recommended. Self-report ratings scales for adult ADHD can serve several functions in clinical work with this population including screening, providing information in a comprehensive assessment, and tracking treatment-related change. The use of two symptom-based ratings scales for screening and tracking treatment progress – the Current Symptoms Scale (CSS) [5] and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) [6] – is outlined for the practicing clinician. Key issues in the assessment of adult ADHD are briefly discussed, highlighting the role of rating scales within a comprehensive assessment.
Divalent metal ions influence catalysis and active-site accessibility in the cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

Phosphorylation of the peptide LRRASLG by the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase was measured in the presence of various divalent metals to establish the role of electrophiles in the kinetic mechanism. Under conditions of low or high metal concentrations, the apparent second-order rate constant, kcat/Kpeptide, and the maximal rate constant, kcat, followed the trend Mg2+ > Co2+ > Mn2+. Competitive inhibition studies indicate that the former effect is not due to destabilization of the substrate complex, E.ATP.S. The effects of solvent viscosity on the steady-state kinetic parameters were interpreted according to a simple mechanism involving substrate binding, phosphotransfer, and product release steps and two metal chelation sites in the nucleotide pocket. Decreases in kcat and kcat/Kpeptide result mostly from attenuations in the dissociation rate constant for ADP and the association rate constant for the substrate, respectively. Decreases in the phosphoryl transfer rate constant have only negligible to moderate effects on these parameters. The low observed values for the association rate constant of the substrate indicate that the metals control the concentration of the productive binary form, Ea.ATP, and indirectly the accessibility of the active site. By comparison, Mg2+ is the best divalent metal catalyst because it uniformly lowers the transition state energies for all steps in the kinetic mechanism, permitting maximum flux of substrate to product. The data suggest that cAMP-dependent protein kinase uses metal ions to serve multiple roles in facilitating phosphotransfer and accelerating substrate association and product dissociation.
RESTful Annotation and Efficient Collaboration

As linguistic collection and annotation scale up and collaboration across sites increases, novel technologies are necessary to support projects. Recent events at LDC, namely the move to a web-based infrastructure, the formation of the Software Group, and our involvement in the NSF LAPPS Grid project, have converged on concerns of efficient collaboration. The underlying design of the Web, typically referred to as RESTful principles, is crucial for collaborative annotation, providing data and processing services, and participating in the Linked Data movement. This paper outlines recommendations that will facilitate such collaboration.
Gene variants and their significant increase risk for breast cancer.

C75 Background: Mutations in genes with large effects on breast cancer risk have been identified from our previous studies. In this study few additional genes showing significant association with the disease and its progression are reported. We investigated the following seven genes based on the previous studies and the relevance of these gene mutations in predisposition to breast cancer. Androgen receptor ( AR ) gene polymorphisms which render the more transcriptionally active receptors have been related to a lower risk of breast cancer.The CDKN2A tumor-suppressor locus on chromosome band 9p21, which encodes p16(INK4A), a negative regulator of cyclin-dependent kinases, and p14(ARF1), an activator of TP53, is inactivated in many human cancers by point mutation.KLF family members are involved in cell proliferation and differentiation control in normal as well as in pathological situations. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibition by the KLF6 tumor suppressor protein through interaction with cyclin D1 was demonstrated in an earlier study. Overexpression of the ERBB2 protein leads to constitutive activity of the HER2 receptor and breast tumor development through enhanced cell proliferation, survival, motility and adhesion. Our recent study showed significant association of KLF6 gene with prostate cancer. Since breast cancer is hormone related cancer we predicted the association of these genes with the disease. Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood was drawn and seven gene polymorphisms (AR, CCR5, CDKN2A, HER2, KLF6, MTHFR and TNFB) were screened in 195 breast cancer patients and 134 female normal healthy controls using PCR restriction enzyme assay. Gene expression studies were performed using FFPE tissue sections. Results: Significant association of five gene variants (AR- p Conclusions: The significant association of AR, CDKN2A, KLF6 gene variants with breast cancer may be correlated with other studies. Epidemiological and clinical evidences suggest that higher levels of circulating androgen increase the risk of developing breast cancer.Physical interaction between CDKN2A/p16 and CDK4 proteins regulates the cell cycle progression through the G1 phase. Previous studies demonstrated that the G1 cell cycle checkpoint in carcinomas of the breast is frequently abrogated by loss of p16, the product of the CDKN2/INK4A gene. KLF family members are involved in cell proliferation and differentiation control in normal as well as in pathological situations.Studies using FFPE tissue showed significantly low KLF6 gene expressions in malignant tissue as compared to normal tissue suggesting its possible role in tumorigenesis. The data showing correlations of these gene expressions and the associated gene variants with breast cancer will be discussed.
Polaron-ion correlations in Li x FePO 4 studied by x-ray nuclear resonant forward scattering at elevated pressure and temperature

Valence fluctuations of Fe^(2+) and Fe^(3+) were studied in a solid solution of Li_xFePO_4 by nuclear resonant forward scattering of synchrotron x rays while the sample was heated in a diamond-anvil pressure cell. The spectra acquired at different temperatures and pressures were analyzed for the frequencies of valence changes using the Blume-Tjon model of a system with a fluctuating Hamiltonian. These frequencies were analyzed to obtain activation enthalpies and an activation volume for polaron hopping. There was a large suppression of hopping frequency with pressure, giving an activation volume for polaron hopping of 5.8±0.7 A^ 3. This large, positive value is typical of ion diffusion, which indicates correlated motions of polarons and Li^+ ions that alter the dynamics of both. Monte Carlo simulations were used to estimate the strength of the polaron-ion interaction energy.
The Effect of Nanodisc MSP Belt Proteins on the Incorporated Lipid Bilayer

Nanodiscs are small discoidal lipid bilayers, whose size is governed by two membrane scaffold proteins (MSP). Developed by the Sligar Lab in the late 2000's, nanodiscs are a very useful model system due to the ability to control the size and composition of the lipid bilayer. Nanodiscs can be used to study protein-lipid interactions, membrane associated proteins and membrane-bound proteins. We have studied the effects of the MSPs on the lipid bilayer in both heterogeneous and homogeneous lipid environments over a range of temperatures. Using time-resolved emission spectra (TRES) of 7-nitro-2-1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl (NDB) head group labeled lipids, we have studied the relaxation of the lipid head groups. Using fluorescence anisotropy decay of the environmentally sensitive fluorescence probe Di-4-ANEPPDHQ, we have shown that lipid acyl chains are more constrained than those of liposomes or cells. The lateral pressure imparted by the belt protein could alter protein-lipid interactions and reduce movement of membrane bound proteins incorporated into nanodiscs.
Satellite Attitude Angle Rate Estimation with UKF Without Gyro

This paper presents a new nonlinear filtering design method known as Unscened Kalman Filter(UKF).It uses CCD as the sole measurement sensor for satellite attitude angle rate determination without rate gyro.Through simulation comparison of EKF and UKF under the same conditions for nonlinear system,simulation results show that UKF has better robust,accuracy and converge more rapidly than EKF.
Analysis on Dengue Fever Epidemic in Haizhu District of Guangzhou City during 1996-2006

Objective To understand the epidemic features of dengue fever in Haizhu district during 1996-2006. Methods Epidemiological techniques were used to analyze the occurrence of dengue fever in Haizhu district during 1996-2006. Results A total of 131 cases of dengue fever were reported in Haizhu district during 1996-2006.The yearly average disease incidence rate was 1.47/100,000. The annualized incidence rate was between 0～8.09/ 100,000. The high incidence period was from July to November. The highest disease incidence was in the age groups between twenty to thirty-nine years old and the difference in the disease incidence among the various age groups was significant(χ2=25.229, P0.001). Conclusion Seasonal epidemic of dengue fever was observed the high incidence of dengue fever is associated with the density of mosquito and also the density of the population.
The Current Development of Ca Addition and Heat-Resistant Magnesium Alloy

The current developments of heat-resistant magnesium alloys are reviewed systemicaliy in this paper. Hardening phases in systems of Mg-Al and Mg-Zn are discussed. And the improvements of mechanical properties of magnesium alloys at high temperature due to the addition of Ca are introduced. Finally, some summaries in application and some suggestions for research on heat-resistant magnesium alloys are put forward.
Predicted hyperemic angiography: A technique of distal arteriography in the severely ischemic leg

A technique of distal arteriography in the severely ischemic leg has been developed by modifying hyperemic angiography. The postischemic hyperemic response can be measured for a given patient and the time fo maximum glow predicted. A study of 35 patients with severe ischemia has shown the maximum hyperemic response time (MHRT) to vary greatly among patients. Knowing the specific MHRT in advance has enabled us to inject contrast during maximum flow periods. The resulting predicted hyperemic angiograms provided visualization of the pedal arch in four extremities not visualized by conventional angiography. Predicted hyperemic angiography appears to provide a means of evaluating calf and pedal circulations in severely ischemic legs prior to surgery.
The Treatment of Flesh Wounds in the Roman Army (27 B.C.-A.D. 476)

During ancient battles, thousands of soldiers suffered minor and major flesh wounds. The Romans forged a military medical system that surpassed the medical systems of most of the enemies that the Romans fought. Roman physicians treated flesh wounds by irrigation, antiseptics, herbal drugs, surgery, and the use of bandages and moisturizing dressings. The Roman army innovated the use of medical corpsmen and field hospitals to increase the speed of treatment. This enhanced treatment acted as a force multiplier to give the Romans an advantage in war.
The Use of Chick Embryos to Study Wnt Activity Gradients

The chick spinal cord provides a valuable model for assessing Wnt signaling activity. Loss or gain of function constructs that are transfected by electroporation can be directed to a single side of the spinal cord, thus leaving the contralateral side as an internal control. Here, we describe a method for measuring Wnt signaling via the use of BAT-Gal, a β-catenin dependent Wnt reporter.
Enantiomer-Specific State Transfer of Chiral Molecules.

State-selective enantiomeric excess is realized using microwave-driven coherent population transfer. The method selectively promotes either $R$ or $S$ molecules to a higher rotational state by phase-controlled microwave pulses that drive electric-dipole allowed rotational transitions. We demonstrate the enantiomer-specific state transfer method using enantiopure samples of 1,2-propanediol. This method of state-specific enantiomeric enrichment can be applied to a large class of asymmetric, chiral molecules that can be vaporized and cooled to the point where rotationally resolved spectroscopy is possible, including molecules that rapidly racemize. The rapid chiral switching demonstrated here allows for new approaches in high-precision spectroscopic searches for parity violation in chiral molecules.
Distinct roles for extracellular and intracellular domains in neuroligin function at inhibitory synapses

Neuroligins (NLGNs) are postsynaptic cell adhesion molecules that interact trans-synaptically with neurexins to mediate synapse development and function. NLGN2 is only at inhibitory synapses while NLGN3 is at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses. We found that NLGN3 function at inhibitory synapses in rat CA1 depends on the presence of NLGN2 and identified a domain in the extracellular region that accounted for this functional difference between NLGN2 and 3 specifically at inhibitory synapses. We further show that the presence of a cytoplasmic tail (c-tail) is indispensible, and identified two domains in the c-tail that are necessary for NLGN function at inhibitory synapses. These domains point to a gephyrin-dependent mechanism that is disrupted by an autism-associated mutation at R705 and a gephyrin-independent mechanism reliant on a putative phosphorylation site at S714. Our work highlights unique and separate roles for the extracellular and intracellular regions in specifying and carrying out NLGN function respectively.
Saintly Protection: The Postmortem ‘Mothers’ of Medieval Hagiography

The ubiquity of the Virgin Mary in medieval religious culture would seem to suggest the constant presence or awareness of mothers in its literature. The near-total absence, then, of both the Virgin Mary and mortal mothers in many female saints’ lives is palpable. Instead, the genre offers several examples of women whose mothers are noticeably absent and who themselves die and are resurrected quite young, only to exhibit nurturing, maternal-like behavior themselves. The gendered treatment and involuntary nature of their postmortem status is common to otherwise dissimilar texts—in this study, the twelfth-century vita of the Welsh saint Wenefrid, the thirteenth-century vita of the Flemish saint Christina mirabilis, and the fourteenth-century Anglo-French vita of Mary Magdalene. After exiting the known world, all remain involuntarily tied to that world as protectors, filling maternal roles in their communities despite the lack of maternal models in their own lives. Their postmortem condition carries a gendered expectation of permanent nurturing and intercession: they experience resurrection as an obligation to devote themselves to others, and death as an invitation to continue that self-denial indefinitely as they intercede upon request. The expectation of continued protection is rooted in their female bodies: their former status as women, however problematic or inaccurate, not only grants them power they did not have in life, but also an obligation to remain in the role of protector.
Cryopreserved Amniotic Membrane, Autologous Serum Eye Drops, and Tea-Tree Oil Lid Scrubs in combination for the treatment of Keratoconjunctivitis in a Staphylococcus Hypersensitive Teenager

Abstract Background and Objective: The purpose is to present an interventional case report detailing recurrent bilateral keratoconjunctivitis secondary to Staphylococcus hypersensitivity in a teenage female. At least three times yearly, for five years, the patient has experienced episodes of severe bilateral catarrhal infiltrative or phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis. Comprehensive corneal and conjunctival cultures had been historically performed, twice, yielding only growth of Staphylococcus aureus and epidermidis. Prior short-term treatment regimens of topical steroids and antibiotics had not prevented recurrences. Methods: This is an interventional case report: In this patient, placement of a topical cryopreserved amniotic membrane, Prokera Slim (PKS by BioTissue), after one week of topical steroid treatment (Durezol (difluroprednate 0.05%) qid) in the right eye (OD) is compared to a steroid (difluroprednate 0.05%) taper in the left eye (OS) over an approximate one-month time period. Both eyes then continue chronic, long-term maintenance therapy with autologous serum eye drops (ASED) dosed six times daily and tea tree oil containing lids scrubs (SteriLid Foam by TheraTears) two times daily, until the present time. Supportive meibomian gland expression for meibomian gland dysfunction was also performed at the three month treatment mark. Results: The PKS treatment in the right eye resulted in superior visual acuity and ocular comfort when compared to a steroid taper in the left eye over an approximate one-month time period. These results were maintained in the left eye at the 12 month- time frame. The right eye experienced a recurrence when the patient self-discontinued all therapy in both eyes at the 4 month mark. With re-initiation of maintenance therapy of ASED and tea tree oil containing lids scrubs, she has remained symptom-free for over eight months in the right eye. Conclusions: Further comparison and study of the treatment modalities above could result in a potentially faster, safer, and superior treatment and prevention protocol for topical ocular inflammation in Staphylococcus hypersensitive keratoconjunctivitis, particularly in pediatric populations.
Scheduling: Artificial Conflict

A Complex System (DEF 2.1) includes elements of two opposing sides that pursue opposing goals by trying to reach different sets of target states. This is a natural conflict. Problems presented in Chapters 3–6 include various examples of such a conflict. In this chapter, we consider a computationally intensive problem without a natural conflict. To apply the LG tools, we map this problem into the class of Complex Systems by introducing an artificial conflict as an abstract board game of two opposing teams of artificial mobile agents.
Building a Mindset for Healing

This chapter discusses the author’s professional transformation and career path as a healer/addiction psychiatrist. Clinical vignettes illustrate the affinity of the author’s with Carl Rogers and Richard Asher. It also focuses on the complex realities of the clinical challenges and gives voice to powerfully inspiring, confusing, and transformative experiences in therapeutic work. It demonstrates through the vignettes how to truly connect and “be” with patients.
Broad Host Range Conjugative and Mobilizable Plasmids in Gram-Negative Bacteria

Bacterial conjugation mediates genetic exchange not only between cells of the same species but also between members of distantly related or even unrelated genera. These transfer events have been demonstrated among diverse members within both the gram-positive and gram-negative groups of organisms. Recently, experiments using natural conjugation systems have demonstrated gene transfer between gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, and even from bacteria to the lower eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae (59, 124, 125). The significance of this promiscuous gene transfer is that it provides a mechanism for the availability of a huge pool of genes for bacterial evolution. A dramatic example of the ability of individual bacteria to acquire genes of selective value is the widespread development of resistance to antibiotics used in clinical medicine and agriculture.
Networks and Contexts of Reform

Reforms and their contexts have unsettledboundaries. Actors construct themselves ascontexts for reforms in part by advancingdefinitions of those reforms: Reformsthemselves both presuppose and createcontextual frames. Drawing on actor networktheory and related approaches, this paperexamines the play of context and reform interms of efforts to construct and stabilizeeducational networks of differentconfigurations and scale. The fall and rise oftwo attempts at statewide curriculum reform inVirginia (USA) provide illustrations of how thenature of reform artifacts and the networksthrough which they circulate shape the politicsof reform.
Lifetime Distribution Classes

At the end of Chap.4, we introduced the IFR and DFR lifetime distribution classes based on the failure rate and residual life distribution. The IFR and DFR properties are quite strong as they require the full knowledge of residual life distribution F(x | t) = P[X ≤ t + x | X > t] for all t, x ≥ 0. In many practical situations, we may not need or have such full knowledge. For example, in reliability maintenance we may be only interested in the mean residual life to determine the maintenance schedule. In insurance mathematics, we may be only interested in the mean stop-and-loss claims. In this chapter, we shall introduce several lifetime distribution classes, which have gained wide applications in reliability, insurance, and economics. Since the notions are originated from reliability, so their main properties will be discussed from reliability terminology. More applications to other areas can be seen in later chapters.
The Minor Satellite of Mouse and the Centromere

The localization of the 170 base pair alpha sequences in human and a 120 base pair minor satellite DNA sequence in mouse have generated considerable excitement about deciphering the composition of the centromere DNA.