cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Patients with Suspected Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: A Practical Approach

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is associated with symptoms of laryngeal irritation such as throat pain, cough, and voice change. Currently, the two main diagnostic tools are laryngoscopy and reflux monitoring. On laryngoscopy, the signs most commonly used to diagnose LPR are erythema and edema of the larynx; however, these signs are not specific for LPR, may be associated with other causes, and may even be found in healthy individuals. In addition, pH testing has low sensitivity in diagnosing gastroesophageal reflux disease-related laryngeal findings. Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy remains the cornerstone of treatment. The current management recommendation for this group of patients is empiric therapy with twice-daily PPIs for 1 to 2 months. In the majority of those who are unresponsive to such therapy, other causes of laryngeal irritation are considered. Surgical fundoplication is most effective in those who are responsive to acid-suppressive therapy.
Distinct behavior of portal venous and arterial vascular waterfalls in porcine liver

Purpose: Hepatic dysfunction is associated with morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Understanding liver hemodynamics in pathological states requires characterization of the normal portal venous and hepatic arterial circulations. Using pressure flow analysis, we tested the hypothesis that vascular waterfalls determine blood flows in the normal liver. Methods: In 14 vascularly isolated porcine livers, steady-state pressure-flow relationships, which defined a slope (incremental resistance) and a zero flow pressure intercept (Po), were generated for each vessel over a range of hepatic venous pressures (Phv). Results: Critical closing pressures occurred in the portal venous circulation (Po = 3.8 ± 0.4 mm Hg) with classical waterfall physiology observed as Phv was raised. The hepatic arterial critical closing pressure (Po = 8.3 ± 1 mm Hg) showed a constant positive pressure difference of 5 mm Hg versus Phv as the latter was increased from 0 to 28 mm Hg (P < .05). Portal venous resistance decreased when Phv was greater than Po (P < .05), but no effect on hepatic arterial resistance was seen as Phv was increased. Conclusion: Both critical closing pressures and incremental resistances showed markedly different responses to increased outflow pressures in the portal venous and hepatic arterial circulations. The results provide the physiological basis to analyze hemodynamic changes in the liver under normal and pathological conditions.
Teaching with Authors' Blogs: Connections, Collaboration, Creativity.

The purpose of this article is to explore the motivation for and content of young adult literature author's blogs and the potential use of these blogs for teaching and learning the English language arts and 21st-century literacy skills.
Towards Smart Embodiment for Virtual Agents

This paper introduces the notion of smart embodiment, defined as the capacity for embodied agents to construct outer appearances that 1) trigger specific reactions, behaviors, and impressions in users, and that 2) match the roles and personality profiles of both the agents and their users. Although there are many ways to implement smart embodiment, an approach that is particularly rich in possibilities is to model the person perception of human appearance. Since a model of person perception is a model of how most people perceive the physical presentations of others, it will provide virtual agents with a rudimentary form of social consciousness and social selfawareness as well as a means of participating in the social language of the body. To illustration how smart embodiment can proceed from a model of person perception, I provide a brief review of my research in modeling the trait impressions of the face for both social perception and face synthesis using standard PCA face recognition techniques.
Changes in the phase of the annual cycle of surface temperature

The annual cycle in the Earth’s surface temperature is extremely large—comparable in magnitude to the glacial–interglacial cycles over most of the planet. Trends in the phase and the amplitude of the annual cycle have been observed, but the causes and significance of these changes remain poorly understood—in part because we lack an understanding of the natural variability. Here we show that the phase of the annual cycle of surface temperature over extratropical land shifted towards earlier seasons by 1.7 days between 1954 and 2007; this change is highly anomalous with respect to earlier variations, which we interpret as being indicative of the natural range. Significant changes in the amplitude of the annual cycle are also observed between 1954 and 2007. These shifts in the annual cycles appear to be related, in part, to changes in the northern annular mode of climate variability, although the land phase shift is significantly larger than that predicted by trends in the northern annular mode alone. Few of the climate models presented by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reproduce the observed decrease in amplitude and none reproduce the shift towards earlier seasons. Variations in the seasonal cycle of temperatures at the Earth's surface have been reported in numerous studies, but the extent to which these changes reflect natural variability remains unclear. Stine et al. shed new light on this question by spatially mapping these seasonal changes on both land and sea, and by comparing trends in the recent past (1954-2007) with those occurring earlier (1900-1954). Assuming that the earlier part of the temperature record is dominated by natural variations, the recent trends appear highly anomalous: temperatures on land show a 1.7-day shift to earlier seasons, and the amplitude of the cycle (the temperature difference between summer and winter) has decreased during this period. Though the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon remain uncertain, tests applied to the 1954–2007 trends on land suggest that they are not consistent with natural variability, and therefore could be of anthropogenic origin. Variations in the seasonal cycle of temperatures at the Earth's surface are spatially mapped on both land and sea, and trends in the recent past (1954–2007) are compared with those occurring earlier (1900–1954). Assuming that the earlier part of the temperature record is dominated by natural variations, the recent trends seem highly anomalous: temperatures on land show a shift to earlier seasons by 1.7 days, and the amplitude of the cycle has decreased in this period.
Oxygen isotopic exchange and fractionation during bacterial ammonia oxidation

We examined the oxygen isotopic systematics for ammonia oxidation, the first step in the regeneration of nitrate from ammonium. In particular, oxygen isotopic fractionation and exchange with water were evaluated for their roles in determining the d18O of nitrite produced by four species of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Microbially catalyzed oxygen isotopic exchange between nitrite and water was less than 25% at low cell densities (106 cells mL21) and ammonium concentrations (less than 50 mmol L21). The amount of exchange was relatively constant for a given species of ammonia oxidizer but varied between 1% and 25% among the four species tested. The d18O value of nitrite produced at a given water d18O value also varied by nearly 10% among the different species. Isotopic fractionation, either during oxygen (O2) incorporation by ammonia monooxygenase and/or water incorporation by hydroxylamine oxidoreductase plays an important role in setting the d18O of nitrite produced by AOB. This work provides a detailed characterization of the oxygen isotopic systematics of ammonia oxidation by AOB, which will help us better interpret the oxygen isotopic distributions of nitrite, nitrate, and nitrous oxide in terrestrial and aquatic environments. Nitrogen is an essential macronutrient whose supply can limit primary production and carbon export from the surface ocean on seasonal, annual, decadal, and millennial time scales. Nitrate (NO { ) is the primary form of fixed nitrogen in the sea, and much research has focused on
An enhanced flexible time-stepping scheme for the hybrid time-domain finite element method

Recently, a hybrid field-circuit solver that combines the capabilities of the time-domain finite element method (TDFEM) and a SPICE-like circuit analysis was developed for accurate and efficient characterization of complicated microwave circuits [1]. This field-circuit solver employs a system-wide global time-step size and thus samples and couples the signals of all the subsystems in a strict synchronous manner. Such a global time-stepping scheme is not optimal in many realistic applications, where signals in subsystems may have quite distinct temporal variations and require different signal-sampling rates. Numerical simulations may also require the time-step sizes of subsystems to satisfy different stability conditions and/or other practical concerns. Under these circumstances the global time-stepping scheme compromises the overall computational efficiency because it simply forces the coupled transient simulation to march on at a time step limited by the subsystem that has the strictest restriction on the time-step size. Therefore, a more flexible time-stepping scheme that allows local, subsystem-wide timestep sizes is of significant interest in order to alleviate the limitation of the original global time-stepping scheme and further improve the flexibility and efficiency of the existing field-circuit solver. Indeed, the idea of utilizing local time-step sizes for different subsystems and then asynchronously coupling them in time, sometimes referred to as multirate simulation, has been adopted widely in many areas. For a hybrid field-circuit analysis, a related approach for a time-domain integral equation (TDIE)-based hybrid electro-magnetic-circuit simulator was developed for modeling chip-to-package interconnects [2]. This paper presents a flexible time-stepping scheme for the TDFEM-based hybrid field-circuit solver that allows subsystems of different sampling rates to be coupled in time. Because of this flexibility, the proposed time-stepping scheme could significantly improve the computational efficiency of the existing TDFEM-based hybrid field-circuit solver especially when the computational cost associated with the slow subsystems is much larger than that associated with the fast subsystems. Moreover, the efficiency of the hybrid field-circuit simulation with the proposed scheme could be further enhanced when the tree-cotree splitting (TCS) technique [3] is applied to the TDFEM part to reduce the iteration count per time step for a preconditioned iterative solution when the time-step size for the FEM subsystem becomes relatively large.
The interleukin-12 family of cytokines: Therapeutic targets for inflammatory disease mediation

Abstract The interleukin (IL)-12 family of cytokines, including IL-12 and IL-23, are important mediators of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Crohn's disease. Interleukin-12 and IL-23 are heterodimeric proteins composed of the common subunit IL-12 p40, which interacts with the IL-12Rβ1 receptor, and the cytokine-specific subunits IL-12 p35 and IL-23 p19, respectively. The cytokines are proinflammatory factors linking innate and adaptive immune responses via the induction and differentiation of the T helper cell 1 pathway. Interleukin-12 and IL-23 target different subpopulations of T cells and antigen-presenting cells, as evidenced by their slightly different, but possibly clinically significant, characteristics and functions. Because both share the p40 subunit, the use of anti-IL-12 antibodies may not be as clinically effective as the use of anti-IL-12 p40 antibodies, since both IL-12 and IL-23 share the subunit, which compete, for the IL-12Rβ1 receptor. Also, while IL-12 is a key factor that drives T helper cell 1 responses and interferon-gamma production in the early phases of the immune responses, it may play a relatively minor immunoregulatory role in late-stage inflammation at the point when IL-23 strongly supports the inflammatory process. Thus, direct IL-23 blockade may be key in treating some inflammatory autoimmune diseases as we further define the roles and functions of IL-12 and IL-23. Research into the function and regulation of IL-12 and IL-23 is a promising area of study for inflammatory disease mediation, and inhibition of their actions may have clinical therapeutic applications.
Chronic illicit drug abusers: gender comparisons.

The hypothesis that female illicit drug abusers are more psychologically deviant than their male counterparts was explored by comparing groups of 121 male and 33 female therapeutic community reside...
Determining the optimal configuration for the zone routing protocol

The zone routing protocol (ZRP) is a hybrid routing protocol that proactively maintains routes within a local region of the network (which we refer to as the routing zone). Knowledge of this routing zone topology is leveraged by the ZRP to improve the efficiency of a reactive route query/reply mechanism. The ZRP can be configured for a particular network through adjustment of a single parameter, the routing zone radius. We address the issue of configuring the ZRP to provide the best performance for a particular network at any time. Previous work has demonstrated that an optimally configured ZRP operates at least as efficiently as traditional reactive flood-search or proactive distance vector/link state routing protocols (and in many cases, much more efficiently). Adaptation of the ZIP to changing network conditions requires both an understanding of how the ZRP reacts to changes in network behavior and a mechanism to allow individual nodes to identify these changes given only limited knowledge of the network behavior. We demonstrate the effects of relative node velocity, node density, network span, and user data activity on the performance of the ZRP. We then introduce two different schemes ("min searching" and "traffic adaptive") that allow individual nodes to identify and appropriately react to changes in network configuration, based only on information derived from the amount of received ZRP traffic. Through test-bed simulation, we demonstrate that these radius estimation techniques can allow the ZRP to operate within 2% of the control traffic resulting from perfect radius estimation.
Systemic Diseases with Cutaneous Manifestations

The purpose of this article is to briefly discuss the following cutaneous manifestations of selected sytemic diseases: poxvirus; feline leukemia virus (FeL V); feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV); herpesvirus; calcivirus; pseudorabies; plague; tularemia; toxoplasmosis; leishmania; hypothyroidism; hyperthyroidism; hyperadrenocorticism; diabetes mellitus; acromegaly; thallium poisoning; pancreatic disease; hypereosinophilic syndrome; mucopolysaccharidosis; and pansteatitis. Recognition of these cutaneous signs may help alert the clinician to the possibility of an internal disorder so that the appropriate diagnostic tests can be considered.
Chinese dot-coms: A better investment?

There's an interesting difference between U.S.and Chinese Internet companies. The Chinese companies have learned from our mistakes and have well-diversified revenues. Does this make them a better investment? © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Effects of the Paraphrasing Strategy on the Reading Comprehension of Young Students

Reading comprehension is an important component of academic success and a skill required for many activities in school. However, little is known about effective reading comprehension interventions for younger students. This study investigated the effects of the paraphrasing strategy taught using the self-regulated strategy development model. Participants were six third grade students identified as fluent readers who experienced difficulty with comprehension. All instruction for the six participants was one on one. Results indicate that the use of the RAP paraphrasing strategy increased reading comprehension as measured by the percentage of text recall and short-answer questions (RAP is a three-step strategy: Read a paragraph, Ask myself “What was the main idea and two details?” and Put it into my own words). Ideas for future research and implications are discussed.
Phospholipid and Energy Metabolism of Cancer Cells Monitored by 31P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Possible Clinical Significance*

31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been established as an excellent noninvasive procedure for studying metabolism in cancer cells. For a full understanding of the results of in vivo MRS studies of metabolism, it is necessary to be able to conduct controlled experiments on the same intact functioning cells in a perfusion apparatus. The specific techniques used for this purpose are described, and the applications to cancer cell bioenergetics and phospholipid metabolism in drug-resistant and drug-sensitive breast cancer cells are illustrated. Spectra of the same cell line grown in a "model tumor" in natural basement membrane gel and in nude mice in vivo are compared. The results indicate a potential for the use of 31P MRS in a clinical setting for monitoring therapy and for diagnosis.
A survey of neurologists on the likeability of headaches and other neurological disorders.

Background.—A pilot survey of 94 neurologists attending a continuing medical education meeting was performed to assess whether neurologists like to treat headaches and other common disorders and evaluate their personal prevalence of the disorders. Methods.—Physicians were asked to respond to the following statement using a 5-point Likert scale (from 1, strongly disagree to 5, strongly agree): “I like to treat patients with this disease or symptom.” Results.—The response rate was 46% with a mean age of 52.5 years.The respondents liked to treat migraine (mean = 4.32) similarly to carpal tunnel syndrome and Parkinson’s disease. Cluster headaches (mean = 3.90) are less liked than migraine similar to epilepsy and multiple sclerosis and respondents are neutral to treating chronic daily headaches (mean = 3.02) similarly to insomnia and low back pain. The lifetime prevalence of migraine among respondents is 48% with those with and without migraine comparably liking to treat migraineurs. Conclusions.—Neurologists like to treat migraine more than cluster headaches and are neutral in treating chronic daily headaches.
Postoperative bigeminy: what is the mechanism?

A 65-year-old man underwent coronary artery bypass graft and mitral valve annuloplasty after presenting with a 3-month history of increasing shortness of breath. His underlying rhythm before surgery was sinus with left bundle branch block (LBBB) and a PR interval of 148 milliseconds. Postoperatively, he had no evidence of sinus node function and required atrial pacing for a junctional escape rhythm with rates of 30 to 70 bpm. Fig. 1 demonstrates his predominant rhythm on postoperative day 5. He also developed the rhythm demonstrated in Fig. 2. What is the mechanism of the bigeminy?
Pregnancy in the adolescent girl

Summary We have presented the results of a study of pregnancy in 1,137 adolescent patients of 16 years of age and under and have presented a review of the recent literature. These patients presented an increase in the incidence of severe toxemia, especially in the girls of 15 years of age and under. There was also a higher percentage of prolonged labors as compared to that in a control group of primiparous patients. An increase in frequency of premature labor seemed directly related to an increased perinatal loss. There was no apparent increase or decrease in the incidence of abortion. Fetal abnormalities and postpartum complications, compared to those found in the rest of the obstetric patients, were slightly increased. There was only a slight increase in the primary cesarean section rate. This was related to the slightly greater number of these patients who had either cephalopelvic disproportion or severe toxemia of pregnancy.
The influence of intrinsic water permeation on different dentin bonded interfaces formation.

Abstract Objectives To determine the effects of intrinsic wetness on the formation of dentin bonding interfaces of four resin cement systems bonded to dentin under different pulpal pressures. Methods Thirty-six freshly extracted third molars were selected and processed for dentin μTBS. The teeth were randomly assigned into 12 experimental groups, according to the adhesive luting system [Adper Single Bond Plus (3 M ESPE) combined with two luting agents RelyX ARC (3 M ESPE) and heated Filtek Z250 Universal Restorative (3 M ESPE), Clearfil CD Bond (Kuraray) combined with Clearfil Esthetic Cement (Kuraray), and RelyX Unicem 2 Automix (3 M ESPE)] and pulpal pressure (0, 5, and 20 cm of simulated pulpal pressure). Leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic slabs (IPS Empress CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent) of 3 mm thickness were bonded to dentin. The samples were stored in distilled water for 24 h and then sectioned in X/Y directions across the adhesive interface to obtain specimens with a cross section of 0.8 ± 0.2 mm 2 . All sticks were fractured by tension at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min and the data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney Tests (α=0.05). Ultrastructural analysis of the interfaces was performed using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Results The statistical analyses showed that pulpal pressure decreased μTBS for all groups. Significantly higher μTBS values were obtained in heated Z250 group restored without any pulpal pressure. CLSM showed that the uptake of water through the dentin tubuli and their anastomosis of lateral branches during the adhesive luting procedures prevented adequate formation of the dentin bonding interfaces. SEM showed that the luting film created is material- dependent and all adhesive failure occurred at the resin-dentin interface. Conclusion The constant intrinsic wetness replenishment prevents adequate formation of the hybrid layer. Clinical significance Intrinsic moisture during adhesive luting procedures significantly affects the interaction between luting materials and dentin subtract and decreases the quality and bonding strength of the resin-dentin bond.
A Review of: “The Unity of Plato's Gorgias: Rhetoric, Justice, and the Philosophic Life by Devin Stauffer.”

At the beginning of the long and contentious discussion with Callicles that makes up the second half of Plato's Gorgias, Socrates tells his fellow Athenian how delighted he is to find a worthy inte...
Tackling turbulence with Holographic Particle Image Velocimetry (HPIV)

Holographic Particle Image Velocimetry (Holographic PIV or HPIV) is an emerging technology that provides instantaneous 3D flow field information. Based on holographic imaging of particles seeded or inherent in the flow as well as advanced information processing technology, HPIV offers what appears to be the best solution to 3D velocimetry and particulate flow diagnostic tool. The development of HPIV has been rather challenging. The conflicting requirements of high spatial resolution, large measurement volume, and practicality have placed stringent limitations on the holographic and image processing techniques. Many methods have been explored to suppress speckle noise, control particle image depth of focus, acquire 3D information from holographic images, correlate or pair particles between two exposures in presence of large velocity gradients, compress the huge quantity of 3D data. At the Laser Flow Diagnostics Laboratory, we have been following two paths towards the fruition of HPW an off-axis technique to explore the high performance capabilities of HPIV including spatial resolution, and an in-line technique for increased user-friendliness. A fully automated off-axis HPIV system has been developed, characterized by go-degree particle scattering, dual reference beams, in situ reconstruction/data processing, and 3D ‘velocity extraction baaed on a fast “Concise Cross Correlation’?, (CCC) algo’iithm are utilized The system is tested:for ari.acoustically excitedair jet and the .Wake of a surface-mounted tab in a water channel flow, giving in&&aneous 3D velocity fields for both flows. Experimental data of instantaneously measured 3D flow structures using this technique show great promise. The establishment of HPIV is expected to generate a significant impact to the areas of, turbulence and. multiphase flow research.
Characteristics of HTPB/AP Propellants in Slow Cook-off

The method and assessment standard of munition in slow cook-off test is introduced and the factors affecting slow cook-off response of munition are analyzed.The characteristics of slow cook-off of HTPB/AP propellants at abroad are summarized.Results show the porous materials produced by thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate is the important factor causing HTPB/AP propellants to demonstrate violent reactions in slow cook-off test.Furthermore,the techniques to improve the slow cook-off response of AP based propellants are pointed out.
Captopril scavenges hydrogen peroxide and reduces, but does not eliminate, oxidant-induced cell injury

We investigated whether captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with a sulfhydryl group, enalaprilat, an ACE inhibitor without a sulfhydryl group, and cysteine, an amino acid with a sulfhydryl group but no ACE-inhibiting properties, could scavenge hydrogen peroxide and prevent oxidant-induced cell injury. When 0.1-2.5 mM concentrations of captopril, cysteine, or enalaprilat were incubated with xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine for 0-120 min, the recovery of hydrogen peroxide was significantly (P < 0.001) reduced in the presence of captopril or cysteine, whereas enalaprilat had no effect on the recovery of hydrogen peroxide. Captopril and cysteine could not scavenge hydrogen peroxide when the sulfhydryl group was blocked with N-ethylmaleimide. When human renal tubular epithelial cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide, oxidant-induced depletion of ATP and efflux of [3H]adenine metabolites was mildly reduced in the presence of captopril or cyste...
Virtual City Hall: The Governance of Local E-Government

The study of the digital city would be incomplete without an analysis of the governance of a virtual city hall, including its digital management and its relations with the urban citizenry. City hall as the visible face of government at the local level is an important locus of study that can help us understand how virtuality and globalization are inscribed in this local site of global practice. One informant noted, There are three different phases to e-govemment. One is just the putting up of static information on the Web page. Almost every government is at that point. I think we are limited by bandwidth issues at this point, but I definitely think it weighs towards “we are all putting information out there, help yourself to it.” It tends towards the transparency of the government and it starts to move away from “OK, we only work from 8 to 5.” The second phase is putting up transaction and e-commerce sites. For example, we have on-line filing of business taxes, registration payment on-line, other taxes, and what not. I think that there is another stage to e-govemment, which is to fundamentally change the way we do business. Right now, I think that most of the use of the Web mirrors the hierarchical structure, and I think that the real power of the Internet is to break down those structures.… Instead of being tempted by putting a Web interface on an existing process, this should be an opportunity for the government to look at the ways of reengineering the process.
Die photochemische Bildung des Chlorwasserstoffs - Dynamics of Cl + H2 ⇌ HCl + H on a new potential energy surface: The photosynthesis of hydrogen chloride revisited 100 years after Max Bodenstein

In this contribution, we present a preliminary account of our recent work on the Cl + H2 and Cl + D2 reactions, which includes a new potential energy surface, variational transition state theory and semiclassical tunneling calculations for both reactions and for other isotopomeric cases, and accurate quantum dynamical calculations of rate constants and state-to-state integral and differential cross sections.
Pedagogical Gestures as Interactional Resources for Teaching and Learning Tense and Aspect in the ESL Grammar Classroom

This study investigated the functions of gesture in teaching and learning grammar in the context of second language (L2) classroom interactions. The data consisted of video-recorded interactions from a beginner- and an advanced-level grammar classroom in an intensive English program at a U.S. university. The sequences of talk-in-interaction selected for sequential analysis involved gestures that are used by teachers for explaining English temporal concepts, and those by students to respond to their teacher's gesture. Our analysis revealed that teachers and students repeatedly used abstract deictic gestures and metaphoric gestures in the classroom, which can become important interactional resources for instruction as well as assessment of student learning. Furthermore, students effectively used gestural catchments to demonstrate their understanding of temporal concepts and to construct interactional alignments with their teachers. These findings suggest that gesture is an important element of interactional competence for teaching and learning in L2 grammar classrooms.
Strategies for Improving Customer Service in Leisure Organizations

As competition in the leisure sector continues to increase, creating and maintaining customer loyalty becomes paramount for business success. Customer loyalty can be promoted and nurtured via custo...
Let’s get moving!: Eight ways to teach information literacy using kinesthetic activities

Kinesthetic pedagogy uses physical movement to stimulate learning; recent studies in higher education increasingly reveal the effectiveness of kinesthetic activities (KAs) in college teaching. Accordingly, this paper suggests that academic librarians explore the use of kinesthetic activities in their instruction. Librarians have designed many excellent classroom activities based on other active learning pedagogies that happen to provide opportunities for some student movement. However, few librarians have intentionally incorporated KAs into their instructional design or contextualized their efforts within kinesthetic pedagogy. Nevertheless, some existing teaching methodologies discussed in library literature can offer a starting point for kinesthetic-conscious information literacy (IL) teachers. This article presents librarians with a menu of effective, evidence-based library activities documented in the literature along with practical advice from our trial-and-error experiences to enhance the kinesthetic benefits of these activities and manage student movement in the classroom.
Defining the Role of the MADS-Box Gene, Zea Agamous-like1, a Target of Selection During Maize Domestication

Genomic scans for genes that show the signature of past selection have been widely applied to a number of species and have identified a large number of selection candidate genes. In cultivated maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) selection scans have identified several hundred candidate domestication genes by comparing nucleotide diversity and differentiation between maize and its progenitor, teosinte (Z. mays ssp. parviglumis). One of these is a gene called zea agamous-like1 (zagl1), a MADS-box transcription factor, that is known for its function in the control of flowering time. To determine the trait(s) controlled by zagl1 that was (were) the target(s) of selection during maize domestication, we created a set of recombinant chromosome isogenic lines that differ for the maize versus teosinte alleles of zagl1 and which carry cross-overs between zagl1 and its neighbor genes. These lines were grown in a randomized trial and scored for flowering time and domestication related traits. The results indicated that the maize versus teosinte alleles of zagl1 affect flowering time as expected, as well as multiple traits related to ear size with the maize allele conferring larger ears with more kernels. Our results suggest that zagl1 may have been under selection during domestication to increase the size of the maize ear.
Hemispheric Asymmetry in the Ventilated Thermocline of the Tropical Pacific

AbstractTo understand sources of variability in the eastern equatorial Pacific, a region integral to modulating global temperatures, we characterize the waters upwelling from the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC). We update past work using temperature and salinity measurements from the Argo array and current measurements from Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) buoys. We find a larger hemispheric asymmetry in the water mass contribution through the ventilated thermocline to the EUC than previously reported, with 80-90% of waters in the western Pacific originating from the southern hemisphere. South Pacific subtropical waters are the dominant source feeding the EUC, although in the central equatorial Pacific upper layers of the EUC experience freshening due to the addition of North Pacific waters. Anomalous volume transport, advection of anomalous waters, and shifts in hemispheric contributions contribute to variability in the EUC. These results suggest that variability in the EUC caused by anomalies in the South ...
Clinical Trial Enrollment Enrichment in Resource-Constrained Research Environments: Multivariable Apnea Prediction (MAP) Index in SCIP-PA Trial.

Study Objectives:Determine the Multivariable Apnea Prediction (MAP) index predictive utility for enrollment enrichment in a clinical trial wherein enrollment was prior to obstructive sleep apnea di...
Ethnic disparities in childhood BMI trajectories and obesity and potential causes among 29,250 US children: Findings from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth and Kindergarten Cohorts

Study sex- and ethnic-specific childhood BMI growth trajectories of US children, and explore the potential causes of ethnic disparities in childhood BMI trajectories, including household socio-economic status (SES) and parenting practice using nationally representative longitudinal data. BMI trajectory curves between 7 months to 16 years of age were fitted using mixed effect models with fractional polynomial functions using pooled 10-year (1998–2008) longitudinal data collected from 29,254 children from two US nationally representative cohorts-Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth (ECLS-B, 2001) and Kindergarten (ECLS-K, 1998–99). A multivariable regression model was used to examine the effects of SES and parenting factors on ethnic disparities in childhood BMI trajectory. Hispanic boys (HB) and African-American girls (AAG) continuously had the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity (HB: 52.5%, AAG: 49.1% around age of 11) and mean BMI after adiposity rebound than their counterparts. They had the earliest adiposity rebound (age mean [SD]: HB- 57.9 [7.8]; AAG- 59.0 [7.2] months), steeper BMI growth velocity (HB- 5.7 [1.8]; AAG- 7.0 [1.5] 10-2 kg/m2/month), and highest area under curve (HB- 2724.5 [489.8]; AAG- 2681.2 [426.7] kg/m2*month) from adiposity rebound to 16 years of age. The racial/ethnic disparities in childhood BMI trajectories were associated with household SES and family rules for children’s regular bedtime (p < 0.05). In the US, ethnic disparities in childhood BMI trajectories and obesity are apparent starting from adiposity rebound around age of five. Some minority groups have unfavorable BMI trajectories. These disparities are partially explained by household SES and parenting factors.
Control of the Output of the Heart: A Historical Perspective

The circulation of the blood was first described by William Harvey about 4 centuries ago. Subsequently, there was a considerable lag before some of the major factors that governed the circulatory system were elu­cidated. Most of that work has been accomplished in the present century. The various components of the circulatory system have usually been studied in isolation, under “open-loop” conditions. Studies of the function of the heart have also usually been done in the “open-loop” mode, and only relatively recently have investigators made a serious attempt to analyze the system in its natural “closed-loop” condition.
Evaluating the authorial leverage of drama management

A drama manager (DM) monitors an interactive experience, such as a computer game, and intervenes to shape the global experience so that it satisfies the author's expressive goals without decreasing a player's interactive agency. Most research on drama management has proposed AI architectures and provided abstract evaluations of their effectiveness; a smaller body of work has also evaluated the effect of drama management on player experience. Little attention has been paid, however, to evaluating the authorial leverage provided by a drama-management architecture: determining, for a given architecture, the additional non-linear story complexity a drama manager affords over traditional scripting methods. In this paper, we propose three criteria for evaluating the authorial leverage of a DM: 1) the script-and-trigger complexity of the DM story policy; 2) the degree of policy change given changes to story elements; and 3) the average story branching factor for DM policies versus script-and-trigger policies for stories of equivalent quality. We apply these criteria to declarative optimization-based drama management (DODM) by using decision tree learning to capture equivalent trigger logic, and show that DODM does in fact provide authorial leverage.
Issues in Paternalism

No small amount of philosophical ink has been devoted to the matter of laws which mandate the wearing of a seat belt while driving or riding in an automobile, and laws which mandate the wearing of a protective helmet when driving or riding on a motorcycle.
The consequences of lithium fires in the presence of steam

The LITFIRE code was modified and used to model lithium chemical reactions with steam-air mixtures in situations representative of accidental spills in fusion reactors. New water pool nodes were ad...
The Positive Spiral of Recovery: Spontaneous Remission and Treatment

A theory of depression is not particularly useful unless it can tell us something about what it takes to recover from depression. This, of course, is a very complex question, the answer to which depends a great deal on the specific nature of the individual in question and the circumstances surrounding the depressive episode. Most depressions seem to lift spontaneously within a period of days, weeks, or months, without the need for professional therapeutic intervention. Other depressions are more resistant to change, and consequently require professional attention. In this chapter, we consider the implications of self-regulatory perseveration theory for understanding the process of recovery from depression. Based on the analysis of depression offered in the foregoing chapters, we argue that there are several psychological tasks that must be accomplished in order for a person to fully recover from depression, regardless of whether he or she does this alone, with the help of friends or family members, or with the help of a professional therapist.
Expressed and Nonexpressed Portions of the Genome: Their Separation and their Characterization

We have considered the nature of the bulk of the eukaryotic genome. It consists of DNA complexed with histones in nucleosomal configuration. This bulk is not transcribed into RNA. What is the nature and structure of that portion of the genome which is transcribed? Several methods for separation of transcribed from non-transcribed portions of the genome have been described. Some of these are commented upon below.
Geologic and geomorphologic study of the Terra Murata and Centane-Panoramica Sites (Island of Procida, Naples Bay, Southern Tyrrhenian Sea) aimed at solving some applied geological and geotechnical problems

A geologic and geomorphologic study aimed at solving some geological and geotechnical problems, regarding the massive seepage of meteoric waters in the coastal cliffs of the Island of Procida (Naples Bay, southern Italy), composed of both tuffs and loose pyroclastic deposits, has been carried out in the geosites of Terra Murata (Middle Ages village and coastal cliff towards the Corricella Bay) and Centane-Panoramica (coastal cliff facing on the Tyrrhenian sea). A detailed geologic and geomorphologic survey has allowed to suggest solutions to the applied geological and geotechnical problems related to the occurrence of massive seepages of waters at the physical interface between pyroclastic rocks and loose pyroclastic deposits, characterized by different density, permeability and porosity and also controlled by a dense network of fractures, involving the pyroclastic deposits cropping out in the selected areas. Field sampling and geotechnical laboratory analyses have been carried out to calculate the values of main geotechnical parameters of the yellow tuffs cropping out at the Terra Murata promontory. At the same time, a detailed monitoring of the seepages of waters has been carried out through a detailed geological survey of the tuff outcrops of the promontory. The obtained results have suggested a strong control from both the geomorphologic instability of the coastal cliff and tectonic setting. At the Centane-Panoramica geosite the geological survey, coupled with geotechnical analyses and standard penetrometric tests, has accordingly evidenced that the geomorphologic instability was mainly concentrated in the sectors of the tuff coastal cliffs facing seawards towards the Tyrrhenian sea.
Ferritin in serum and urine: A pilot study

Serum ferritin reflects total body iron stores, thus a low serum ferritin is used as a parameter of iron deficiency. In healthy adults in Japan, urine ferritin levels were about 5% of serum ferritin levels, with a correlation coefficient of 0.79. It is not known whether a low urine ferritin could serve as a non-invasive screen for iron deficiency. If so, this might be useful for neonates and young children, avoiding phlebotomy to screen for iron deficiency. However, for urinary ferritin screening to be feasible, ferritin must be measurable in the urine and correlate with serum ferritin. Testing should also clarify whether the iron content of ferritin in serum and urine are similar. In this pilot feasibility study we measured ferritin in paired serum and urine samples of healthy adult males, healthy term neonates, growing preterm neonates, and children who had very high serum ferritin levels from liver disorders or iron overload. We detected ferritin in every urine sample, and found a correlation with paired serum ferritin (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.78 of log10-transformed values). These findings suggest merit in further studying urinary ferritin in select populations, as a potential non-invasive screen to assess iron stores.
Differential expression of HOX genes in primary glioblastomas and glioblastoma cell lines

1746 Abstract HOX genes are a large family of regulatory genes implicated in the control of developmental processes. HOX genes are involved in malignant transformation and progression of different types of tumors. Despite intensive efforts to delineate the expression profiles of HOX genes in other cell types, nothing is known regarding the global expression profile of these genes in normal human astrocytes and astrocytomas. In the present study, we have analyzed the expression profile of the 39 class I HOX genes in normal human astrocytes (NHA and E6/E7), two well established glioblastoma cell lines (U-87 MG and U-1242-MG) as well as neoplastic (WHO grades II/III and IV) and non-neoplastic (temporal lobe) patient specimens. RT-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR, immunocytochemistry and Western blot analyses revealed a differential expression of 9 HOX genes (A6, A7, A9, A13, B13, D4, D9, D10 and D13) in normal human astrocytes from cell lines and non-neoplastic patient specimens. Our data show that HOX genes are differentially expressed in neoplastic and non-neoplastic astrocytes and multiple HOX genes are overexpressed in malignant astrocytes from cell lines and patients specimens. The differential expression of HOX genes in normal and neoplastic astrocytes suggests a role of these genes in brain tumorigenesis.
Enhanced microbial corrosion of stainless steel by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans through the manipulation of substrate oxidation and overexpression of rus

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans cells can oxidize iron and sulfur and are key members of the microbial biomining communities that are exploited in the large-scale bioleaching of metal sulfide ores. Some minerals are recalcitrant to bioleaching due to the presence of other inhibitory materials in the ore bodies. Additives are intentionally included in processed metals to reduce environmental impacts and microbially influenced corrosion. We have previously reported a new aerobic corrosion mechanism where A. ferrooxidans cells combined with pyrite and chloride can oxidize low-grade stainless steel (SS304) with a thiosulfate-mediated mechanism. Here we explore process conditions and genetic engineering of the cells that enable corrosion of a higher grade steel (SS316). The addition of elemental sulfur and an increase in the cell loading resulted in a 74% increase in the corrosion of SS316 as compared to the initial sulfur- and cell-free control experiments containing only pyrite. The overexpression of the endogenous rus gene, which is involved in the cellular iron oxidation pathway, led to a further 85% increase in the corrosion of the steel in addition to the improvements made by changes to the process conditions. Thus, the modification of the culturing conditions and the use of rus-overexpressing cells led to a more than threefold increase in the corrosion of SS316 stainless steel, such that 15% of the metal coupons was dissolved in just 2 weeks. This study demonstrates how the engineering of cells and the optimization of their cultivation conditions can be used to discover conditions that lead to the corrosion of a complex metal target.
Patients with Rare Diseases as Leaders in Their Own Care: How Librarians Can Support and Facilitate Patient Leadership

We expect leadership to be exhibited by health care professionals. They are tasked with making life and death decisions on a daily basis. We depend on their knowledge and expertise in solving healt...
Strategies, Practice and Lessons Learned from Remote Teaching of the General Chemistry Laboratory Course at Brown University

Abrupt disruptions to academia, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Spring 2020, have brought unprecedented challenges in teaching, yet it has brought many lessons, driving the development of strategies in response to the crisis. The general chemistry laboratory course is often considered difficult to teach, due to students’ heterogeneous chemistry backgrounds and learning levels, and transitioning from in-person to remote teaching made it even more challenging. In this communication, we will share our experiences, strategies, and lessons learned from the remote teaching of a large general laboratory course at Brown University (Providence, RI, USA) during the pandemic. Future improvements to maximize student learning will also be outlined. Several novel approaches have been applied to our remote teaching; interactive lab videos, created prior to the pandemic through a collaborative effort for students to visualize the experimental procedures, enabled a less stressful transition to remote teaching for this large laboratory course. Furthermore, our hybrid lab reports, along with other online materials, helped students to better understand how experiments are conducted. The lessons learned from this pandemic prompted further improvement to the pedagogy of remote teaching. Such experiences and reflections will benefit other educators to combat pandemic crises in the future.
Actions for Queering American Public Administration

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) visibility has exponentially grown over the past half century. In one lifetime, America has borne witness to the Stonewall Riots, AIDS epidem...