cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bipolar hip arthroplasty as a salvage treatment for instability of the hip

Background: Recurrent instability of the hip in the absence of an identifiable cause is a challenging problem. It has been proposed that bipolar hip arthroplasty may have a role in the treatment of these complex cases. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the results of bipolar hip arthroplasty for the treatment of recurrent instability of the hip in a series of patients at our institution. Methods: We reviewed the records of twenty-seven patients who had undergone bipolar hip arthroplasty as a salvage procedure for the treatment of recurrent instability of the hip after total hip replacement. All patients had undergone at least two, and a mean of three, stabilizing operative procedures on the hip prior to the bipolar arthroplasty. The mean duration of follow-up was five years (range, two to twelve years), with no patient lost to follow-up. There were six deaths, of unrelated causes. Results: Bipolar arthroplasty prevented redislocation in twenty-two hips (81 percent). At the time of final follow-up, twenty-five patients (93 percent) had a stable hip. Five patients (19 percent) had had episodes of subluxation or dislocation following the bipolar arthroplasty. Two of these patients had only a single episode of dislocation that was treated successfully by immobilization. Two of the remaining three patients required a reoperation because of the instability. The hip was stabilized with the use of a constrained cup prosthesis in one of these patients, and the other patient eventually required resection arthroplasty. The third patient had continuing instability but improved function and pain relief, and a reoperation was not performed. There were a total of seven reoperations; these included revision because of disassembly of the cup in one hip, revision bipolar arthroplasty because of continuing instability in two, resection arthroplasty because of deep infection in two, revision arthroplasty because of recalcitrant groin pain in one, and revision arthroplasty because of deep infection and superior migration of the implant in one. The Harris hip score improved significantly, from a mean of 24 points (range, 5 to 45 points) preoperatively to a mean of 55 points (range, 35 to 80 points) postoperatively (p < 0.05). Conclusions: We believe that, despite some potential problems, bipolar hip arthroplasty can have a role in the salvage management of recurrent instability of the hip in patients in whom other stabilization procedures have failed.
The contributions of NMDA, non-NMDA, and GABA receptors to postsynaptic responses in neurons of the optic tectum

Activation of the NMDA subtype of glutamate receptor has been implicated in activity-dependent development and plasticity in several systems, including the retinotectal system of amphibians. To gain a better understanding of the response properties of tectal neurons, with particular emphasis on the role of both non-NMDA and NMDA glutamate receptors, we have developed an in vitro slice preparation of the diencephalon and midbrain of frog (Rana pipiens) tadpoles. In these slices, we electrically stimulated the optic tract and recorded both mono- and polysynaptic responses in single tectal neurons using whole- cell voltage clamp or current clamp. By including biocytin in the recording electrode, we were also able to determine the location and morphology of many of these neurons. Using these techniques, we found that the current-voltage (I-V) relations for both mono- and polysynaptic responses of tectal neurons showed voltage dependence only in the presence of extracellular Mg2+. This dependence reflects the hyperpolarization-dependent block of the NMDA channel by Mg2+. Bath application of 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, a non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist, reduced both mono- and polysynaptic responses of tectal neurons. Bath application of the NMDA receptor antagonist DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (DL-APV) strongly reduced polysynaptic responses. When neurons were depolarized by the voltage clamp, relieving the Mg(2+)-dependent block of the NMDA channel, DL-APV application also reduced monosynaptic responses. Application of the GABAA receptor antagonist (-)bicuculline methiodide significantly increased the polysynaptic responses of tectal neurons, reflecting block of inhibition. We further confirmed the presence of these three types of receptors by examining postsynaptic currents evoked by iontophoretic application of the three agonists, NMDA, (R,S)-alpha- amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA), and GABA. These results confirm that the dominant excitatory transmitter in the tectum appears to be glutamate. Furthermore, the retinotectal synapses (i.e., monosynaptic currents) express functional NMDA receptors that are voltage dependent and are not responsible for the bulk of normal excitatory transmission. Polysynaptic responses, however, are mediated by both non-NMDA and NMDA receptors, and inhibition plays a significant role in sculpting these polysynaptic responses.
RESISTANCE REFLEX THAT MAINTAINS UPRIGHT HEAD POSTURE IN THE FLESH FLY NEOBELLIERIA BULLATA (SARCOPHAGIDAE)

In flesh flies Neobellieria bullata, we investigated a resistance reflex that maintains upright head posture around the roll axis relative to the thorax. The gain of the reflex depends upon the fly's behavioral state: moving flies immediately correct 90 % of the amplitude of experimentally imposed roll perturbations, returning the head almost to the fully upright position; motionless flies allow perturbations to persist for minutes before correcting only 70 % of perturbation amplitude. To investigate the role of various neural pathways, we examined the control of head posture after sectioning relevant propriosensory or motor nerves. Excision of the prosternal chordotonal organ causes no decrements in the control of head posture. Unilateral deafferentation of a cervical propriosensory organ, the prosternal organ, induces roll towards the cut side. Unilateral section of the frontal nerve, a mixed motor nerve that supplies the neck depressors and levators, leads to unilateral deficits in correcting perturbations towards the contralateral side. After bilateral propriosensory or frontal motor nerve section, approximately 40 % of perturbation amplitude is still corrected. To determine the contributions of the passive elastic properties of the neck skeleto-muscular system, flies were tested under reversible nitrogen anesthesia. They immediately corrected 40 % of perturbation amplitude. Taken together, the results demonstrate that passive elasticity plus active prosternal nerve afference to contralateral depressors innervated by the frontal nerve in combination constitute a sufficient and necessary reflex loop to control head roll posture.
Recombinant expression of indolicidin concatamers in Escherichia coli.

Antimicrobial peptides are part of the innate immune system of vertebrates and invertebrates. They are active against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Currently, most antimicrobial peptides are extracted from host organisms or produced by solid- phase peptide synthesis. Recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli is a tool for greater production yields at a decreased cost and reduces the use of hazardous ma- terials. We have constructed a concatamer of indolicidin and successfully expressed a fusion product with thiore- doxin in E. coli BL21DE3. Codons for methionine residues flanking individual indolicidin genes were incorporated for cyanogen bromide cleavage of the fusion protein and liberation of active monomeric indolicidin. Peptide yields of 150 μg/l monomeric indolicidin were achieved in this first report of recombinant production of indolicidin with demonstrated antimicrobial activity.
Geochemistry of the Obey River Basin, north-central Tennessee: a case of acid mine water in a karst drainage system

Abstract The East Fork of the Obey River, a tributary of the Cumberland River, drains a 523 km 2 basin along the western margin of the Cumberland Plateau. The upper basin lies on clastic rocks that include coals that were mined earlier in this century. The lower basin is drained through a deep gorge where the East Fork has cut downward into the Mississippian carbonate rocks. The lower basin is karstic, with a 9 km length of the river and most of its tributaries underdrained by conduit systems. Many of the upper basin tributaries of the East Fork are contaminated by acid mine drainage and have high levels of acidity, sulfate, iron, and aluminum. As the acid mine waters sink in the limestone portions of the basin, they are buffered but acidity is not rapidly reduced and acid waters appear at a large spring deep in the karst having survived 5 km of transport. Sulfate waters gradually convert to bicarbonate waters as more tributaries from carbonate rocks enter the system. Aluminum in solution decreases with increasing pH, and precipitates as colloidal sized particles. Although alkalinity increases in the lower reaches of the basin, most of the waters remain highly undersaturated with respect to calcite.
Perilimbal anesthesia for pars plana vitrectomy

We attempted to determine the efficacy of perilimbal anesthesia with Monitored Anesthesia Care (intravenous sedation with monitoring of the patients' vital signs by anesthesia) in patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy. We selected 15 patients who were screened for any physical condition that would preclude them from lying supine and motionless for the duration of the surgery. Patients with complicated vitreoretinal abnormalities and patients who required reoperations were excluded. The patients ranged in age from 55 to 79 years and included three with nonclearing vitreous hemorrhage, seven with macular hole, three with macular pucker, one with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and one with endophthalmitis. Total operating time ranged from 45 to 135 minutes (mean, 102.3 ± 22.0 minutes). No complaints of discomfort were reported. All operations were completed without additional anesthetic. Our findings demonstrate that pars plana vitrectomy using perilimbal anesthesia with monitored anesthesia care is effective in selected patients. This form of anesthesia administration eliminates the risks of inadvertent globe perforation associated with retrobulbar and perilimbal anesthesia and the risks of general anesthesia.
Isolation of repetitive DNA from two mammalian species using S1 nuclease.

Summary DNA isolated from Mus musculus and Peromyscus eremicus was examined by analytical ultracentrifugation after treatments which allow reassociation of repeated sequences. Regions containing unique copies were removed with a single-strand specific nuclease (S 1 ), resulting in a simple effective isolation of regions of repeated sequences.
Linking Exchange Rates to Foreign Direct Investment

This study investigates the effect of fluctuations in and volatility of the real exchange rate on foreign direct investment. A fixed-effects variation of the gravity model is applied to panel data of 55 countries from 1980 to 1997. Weak host currencies and greater exchange rate volatility are found to discourage FDI flows. Further, an existing presence in the form of previous investment is found to mitigate the detrimental impact of a weak currency.
Delayed arterial switch operation for d-transposition of the great arteries and glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism.

The Jatene arterial switch operation (ASO) for dextro-transposition of the great arteries is ideally performed within the first 2 weeks of life. Clinical circumstances, however, may dictate a delayed ASO and left ventricle “retraining” prior to the procedure. Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism (GRA) accounts for 0.5% to 1% of primary aldosteronism. It presents as severe hypertension in infants and children, with poor response to standard antihypertensive medications. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of GRA in the context of transposition physiology. The management of GRA and a rationale for delayed ASO are discussed.
Defect-mediated melting and new phases in three-dimensional systems with a single soft direction.

We construct a theory, based on defect unbinding, of the m=1, d=3 XY Lifshitz point. This theory also describes phase transitions in three-dimensional systems with layered ordered phases in which the layer normals are energetically confined to a predetermined plane. Such systems include smectics-A with negative magnetic (dielectric) anisotropy and smectics-C and cholesterics with positive magnetic (dielectric) anisotropy in external magnetic (electric) fields, smectics-\~A and -C\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}, and various magnetic systems with spatially modulated phases. We show that this class of systems can disorder via two continuous transitions, in which case a bond-orientationally-ordered phase intervenes between the low-temperature, translationally ordered and high-temperature, translationally disordered phases. The transition between the bond orientationally ordered and isotropic phases is in the universality class of the isotropic d=3 XY model. The transition from the translationally ordered phase to the orientationally ordered phase is in the universality class of the m=1, d=3 XY Lifshitz point, which exhibits anisotropic scaling with two distinct correlation length exponents, ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{?}$ and ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$. Duality arguments show that either (a) ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{?}$/${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$=(2/3) or (b) the transition is self-dual, in which case the specific-heat amplitude ratio is unity.
Derrida in Miami (Miautre)

Jacques Derrida's Politics of Friendship is adopted as a theoretical guide to the mutation of metaphysical categories under way in the shift from literacy to electracy. The politics is embodied in the design of a digital “memory palace,” created by the Florida Research Ensemble (FRE), whose setting is the city of Miami, Florida. Listening with an ear attuned by Derrida, through Freud and Heidegger, one hears in “Miami” a creole phrase “my friend” resonating with the aphorism by Aristotle—“O my friend, there is no friend”—whose “event” (Ereignis) Derrida traces to the “other” beginning (Miautre, my other). His alternative politics of hospitality is articulated with the history of prudence (phronesis) and the possibility of an image category supporting digital deliberative reason in an Internet public sphere.
Emerging trends in risk assessment and evaluation

Risk assessment is one of the primary tools that management teams use to determine if a product should be taken to market. If the risk associated with the product concept is at an acceptable level, the product proceeds into the design phase. Throughout the product lifecycle, the risk assessment is updated and refined as product functions are built out into the design. Different industries use different tools for risk assessment, but their purpose is the same: to minimize product risk factors. In this paper, we discuss emerging trends in risk assessment for increasing both the value and efficiency of analyses. For example, by taking a systems engineering approach to FMEAs, companies are now rolling failure modes laterally to other subassemblies that can be affected by the same failure rather than merely rolling these modes up product tree structures. Additionally, systems engineers are using the top-down approach common to fault tree analysis and then breaking out only the highest risks into detailed FMEAs to save time. Yet another trend includes linking a FMEA directly to a FRACAS. This allows a direct comparison of what failure modes were predicted to occur (and at what rate) against what is actually seen in the field. This paper will give case studies demonstrating these emerging trends in risk assessment.
Improvement of luminescent properties of thin-film phosphors by excimer laser processing

Thin-films of europium doped yttrium oxide, (Y{sub 1{minus}x}Eu{sub x}){sub 2}O{sub 3}, were deposited on sapphire substrates by metallorganic chemical vapor deposition. The films, {approximately} 400 nm thick, were weakly luminescent in the as-deposited condition. A KrF laser was pulsed once on the surface of the films at a fluence level between 0.9--2.3 J/cm{sup 2}. One pulse was sufficient to melt the film, which increased the photoluminescent emission intensity. Melting of a rough surface resulted in smoothing of the surface. The highest energy pulse resulted in a decrease in luminous intensity, presumably due to material removal. Computational modeling of the laser melting and ablation process predicted that a significant fraction of the film is removed by ablation at the highest fluence levels.
Molecular mechanism of paramyxovirus budding

Components of paramyxoviruses are assembled at the plasma membrane of infected cells, and progeny viruses are formed by the budding process. Although the molecular mechanisms that drive budding (membrane curving and "pinching-off" reaction) are not well understood, the viral matrix (M) protein is thought to play a major role in the process. The M protein forms a dense layer tightly associated with the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane of infected cells. Expression of the M protein of some paramyxoviruses results in the formation and release of virus-like particles that contain the M protein; thus, in these viruses, the M protein alone can apparently trigger all steps required for the formation and release of virus-like particles. M also interacts specifically with viral envelope glycoproteins and nucleocapsids and is involved in directed transport of viral components to the budding site at the apical surface of polarized cells. In addition, protein-protein interactions between M and the cytoplasmic tail of viral glycoproteins and between M and the nucleocapsid affect the efficiency of virus production. The structural organization of the virion and the functions of the M protein clearly indicate that this protein orchestrates the budding of paramyxovirus.
Relevance of the Mesoscale Entrainment Instability to the Marine Cloud-topped Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Abstract Mesoscale variability in entrainment across the inversion capping the cloud-topped atmospheric boundary layer (CTBL) has been proposed as an explanation for mesoscale variability in cloud thickness. The relevance of this mechanism, called mesoscale entrainment instability, or MEI, to some typical atmospheric boundary layers is investigated. The results indicate that MEI is of relevance only if the potential temperature jump across the inversion is small, ∼1–2 K, and the stable layer virtual potential temperature above is very strongly stratified, ∼40 K km−1. Thus, MEI does not appear to be a viable explanation for mesoscale cellular convection in most CTBLs. Two parameters are also investigated whose effect on the growth rate can be substantial. They are the rate of horizontal turbulent diffusion and the effect of variations in solar heating due to cloud thickness fluctuations. Decreases in the horizontal turbulent transport rate do not greatly affect the growth rate but can substantially decreas...
Coprecipitation synthesis of doped lanthanum chromite

Two coprecipitation methods were used to synthesize powder precursors of doped lanthanum chromite (La, Ca)(Cr, Co)O 3 . The effects of synthesis method and calcination temperature on the composition, sintered density, and microstructure of pressed compacts of (La, Ca)(Cr, Co)O 3 were studied by differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetric analysis, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and density measurement. The cation ratios in the precipitated solids were, with few exceptions, within experimental error of the desired compositions for all four components. Powders obtained by both techniques could be sintered to densities exceeding 93% at 1400 °C. The highest densities were obtained with calcining temperatures from 450 to 700 °C. The sintered microstructures exhibited uniform grain sizes averaging 3–5 μm. The Cr(vi) compounds, CaCrO 4 and La 2 CrO 6 , were observed in all of the calcined powders. The possible role of these phases on chromite densification is discussed.
An Inverse Function Theorem with Application to Dynamical Systems

Abstract An inverse function theorem for functions on sequence spaces is presented, where the hypotheses do not include differentiability of the function as a whole. This is applied to a proof of the Pseudo-Stable Manifold Theorem.
A Simplified Multiple-retrieving Small-bowel Biopsy Tube

A GASTROINTESTINAL BIOPSY instrument depending on suction of mucosa into a capsule and separation of the mucosal fragment by a guillotine knife was first described by Wood 1 in 1949 and Tomenius 2 in 1950. These tubes have proved to" be both reliable and safe as a means of obtaining gastric biopsies. Unfortunately, the design of the tubes resulted in a stiffness that prevented ready passage into the duodenum. In 1955 Royer, a followed closely by Shiner, 4 described the design of a more flexible tube which would pass into the duodenum and occasionally into proximal jejunum. These improvements, as well as modified versions reported by Brandborg e t a l . , 5 de Larrechea e t a l . , G Reichard and Westerstaht, ~ and Ralston e t a l . , s depend on the same mechanism for obtaining biopsies. Suction is applied through a cable-like tube, and the aspirated mucosa is cut through by the guillotine-like action of a knife that is controlled by means of a pull-wire manipulated by the operator. Although the development of these tubes acted as a potent stimulus to study of normal and abnormal small-bowel histology, their limitations soon became evident. Because a stiff tube is required to activate the knife, the instrument is not flexible enough to pass easily around the sharp angle at the ligament of Treitz. Also, it is impossible to be sure that a specimen has been obtained until the biopsy tube is removed from the patient. Finally, al though more than one biopsy can sometimes be obtained, it is impossible to tell the site of origin of each specimen. The first of these limitations lack of flexibility--has now been overcome by the development of various types of tubes eliminating the pull-wire mechanism. Three basic types have been devised. Crosby 9 reported a capsule containing a knife which was "sprung loose" when sutficient suction was exerted in the capsule
IS SOCIAL CAPITAL DECLINING IN THE UNITED STATES? A MULTIPLE INDICATOR ASSESSMENT

Despite a great deal of interest in a possible decline of social capital in the United States, scholars have not reached a consensus on the trend. This article improves upon previous research by providing a model of social capital that has explicit links to theories of social capital and that analyzes multiple indicators of social capital over a 20‐year period. The results do not consistently support Putnam's claim of a decline in social capital, showing instead some decline in a general measure of social capital, a decline in trust in individuals, no general decline in trust in institutions, and no decline in associations.
A non-parametric Bayesian clustering for gene expression data

Clustering is an important data processing tool for interpreting microarray data and genomic network inference. In this paper, we propose a non-parametric Bayesian clustering algorithm based on the hierarchical Dirichlet processes (HDP). The proposed clustering algorithm captures the hierarchical features prevalent in biological data such as the gene express data by introducing a hierarchical structure in the model. We develop a Gibbs sampling algorithm based on the Chinese restaurant metaphor. We conduct experiments on the yeast galactose datasets and yeast cell cycle datasets by comparing our clustering results to the standard results. The proposed clustering algorithm is shown to outperform several popular clustering algorithms by revealing the underlying hierarchical structure of the data. The experiments also show that the proposed clustering algorithm provides more information and reduces the unnecessary clustering fragments than the clustering algorithm based on Dirichlet mixture model.
Counterion-free molecular quantum-dot cellular automata using mixed valence zwitterions – A double-dot derivative of the [closo-1-CB9H10]− cluster

Abstract Molecular quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) paradigm is a promising approach to molecular electronics. QCA cells can be implemented using mixed-valence compounds. However, the existence of counterions can perturb the local electric field and thus is detrimental to information encoding and processing. Here we examine the feasibility of using charge neutral, zwitterionic mixed-valence complex as QCA cells in which the positive and negative charges are found at different yet fixed locations within the molecule and therefore counterion effects are more predictable and controllable. A double-dot model molecule based on the derivative of the 1-carba- closo -decaborate monoanion [ closo -1-CB 9 H 10 ] − is investigated using computational chemistry techniques. The model molecule demonstrates bistability and switchability.
Spectroscope Slit Images in Partially Coherent Light

The apparatus function of prism or grating spectroscopes with finite slits is derived for the general case of partially coherent illumination of the slit. Numerical results are presented for the border cases of coherent and incoherent slit illumination, as well as for full and partial illumination of the spectroscope aperture.The dependence of line intensity and line width on slit width, as well as the optimum slit width, are determined for each of these cases. It is shown that the performance of the spectroscope reaches an optimum when the aperture is at least fully illuminated.
Quantitative HPLC determination of [99mTc]-pertechnetate in radiopharmaceuticals and biological samples--I. Technique development.

Techniques have been developed which allow HPLC (high performance liqid chromatography) to be used for the quantitative determination of [ 99m Tc]pertechnetate in radiopharmaceuticals and biological samples. An instrumental technique accounts for 99m Tc species which do not elute from the HPLC column, while a chemical technique obviates interferences caused by Sn(II). These two techniques are incorporated into an anion exchange HPLC procedure which is applied to the determination of [ 99m Tc]pertechnetate in 99m Tc-diphosphonate radiopharmaceuticals and biological samples.
Computer lab management: serving our customers through communication

This paper describes the process Lab Services at the University of Tennessee uses to communicate with customers. The process includes several inexpensive means of communication. Forms of communication can be through paper signs, web pages, and face-to-face communication between staff and customers. Consistent two-way communication is the key to having a good relationship with customers. Good communication can be accomplished on a limited budget but have excellent results over time.
Effects of panic disorder treatments on personality disorder characteristics.

Ninety-three patients with panic disorder and mild or no agoraphobia were treated for their panic disorder by using either 11 sessions of individual cognitive-behavior therapy or imipramine. Before and after treatment, their panic disorder symptomatology was assessed, and a self-report measure was administered to measure personality disorder characteristics [Klein et al., 1990: Wisconsin Personality Disorders Inventory]. In addition, some patients received this personality assessment again after six monthly maintenance sessions. Both treatments were equally effective in reducing panic disorder symptomatology, and both treatments had a positive influence on personality disorder characteristics. Personality disorder characteristics did not predict treatment outcome in either group. The implications of the findings for the assessment of personality and the treatment of panic disorder are discussed. Depression and Anxiety 8:14–20, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Water Analyses in Salt Deposits Used for Radioactive Waste Depositories

Abstract A neutron γ-ray spectroscopy method is proposed to monitor the changes in water concentration in a borehole in a salt deposit used as a radioactive waste depository. The ratio of the intensity of the γ-ray from a neutron inelastic scattering reaction to that of a capture γ-ray is used as an index of the water concentration. The method is shown to be feasible in wet and dry boreholes as long as the sonde is not constructed with hydrogenous materials.
Response of five species of conifers to sulfur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride during winter dormancy

Abstract Douglas-fir and four species of pine were exposed during winter dormancy to levels of HF or SO 2 that if provided in early summer would cause foliar injury. Needles exposed while dormant did not develop injury either during dormancy or in the spring when metabolic activity resumed. Needles on shoot that emerged during the subsequent growing season did not develop injury. The lack of direct effects was due to the apparent absense of S uptake from SO 2 exposure and greatly reduced rates of F uptake relative to comparable exposures to HF during the growing season. There was no apparent translocation of F from exposed needles to growth that emerged afterwards. We conclude that direct effect from exposures of conifers to SO 2 or HF during dormancy are unlikely. However, the possibility that these exposures may cause indirect effects (e.g. altered susceptibility to environmental stresses) should not be ignored.
Induction of transplant tolerance with immunodominant allopeptide-pulsed host lymphoid and myeloid dendritic cells.

We have studied the effects of adoptive transfer of host thymic dendritic cells pulsed with immunodominant WF Class I peptide 5 (residues 93–109) on cardiac allograft survival in the WF-to-ACI rat combination. Our results showed that, whereas intrathymic inoculation of WF peptide 5-pulsed ACI thymic dendritic cells alone on day −7 did not prolong graft survival, similar treatment combined with 0.5 mL antilymphocyte serum (ALS) led to 100% permanent acceptance (> 200 d) of donor-specific cardiac allografts. Extension of our study to systemic administration of peptide 5-pulsed host thymic dendritic cells confirmed that intravenous injection of peptide 5-pulsed self thymic dendritic cells combined with ALS transient immunosuppression resulted in 100% permanent donor-specific graft survival (> 200 d). These results were reproducible in a clinically relevant model using intravenous injection of peptide-pulsed host myeloid dendritic cells. In contrast, thymectomy prior to adoptive transfer of peptide-pulsed host dendritic cells resulted in acute graft rejection at times equivalent to rejection in thymectomized controls. The long-term unresponsive recipients challenged with second-set grafts accepted permanently (> 100 d) donor-type (WF) but not third party (Lewis) cardiac allografts. This study suggests that intravenous administration of genetically engineered dendritic cells expressing donor MHC molecules has the potential of inducing transplant tolerance.
Highly strained InAs quantum wells on InP substrates for mid-IR emission

Abstract Optical emission characteristics of indium arsenide (InAs) quantum wells were studied using organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE). Low growth temperature ( 3 , allowed growth of up to 9 nm thick InAs quantum wells without significant strain relaxation. Photoluminescence (PL) wavelengths of 2.52 μm were observed at room temperature (RT) from a 9 nm InAs double quantum well (DQW) in a separate confinement hetero-structure (SCH) structure.
Differentiation of retinal precursor cells born in vitro

Abstract It is not known whether the differentiated fate of retinal precursor cells is determined before, during, or after terminal mitosis. Previous studies from this laboratory led to the hypothesis that retinal precursor cells remain plastic after final mitosis and will follow a photoreceptor “default pathway” unless induced to develop as neurons by intraretinal factors. This hypothesis predicts that isolated precursors undergoing terminal mitosis and differentiation in cell culture, in the absence of the retinal microenvironment, should become photoreceptors, regardless of embryonic age. To test this prediction precursor cells were dissociated from 5- to 8-day chick embryo retinas and grown as single cells in vitro. Bromodeoxyuridine (BRDU)- and [3H]thymidine-labeling techniques, coupled with serial photography of precursor development in culture, showed that at all donor ages some of the isolated cells divided one or more times and became postmitotic in vitro. Analysis of cell phenotype by phase-contrast microscopy, sequential photography, autoradiography, and immunocytochemistry showed that the majority of precursors from all donor ages differentiated as photoreceptors. These observations support a prediction derived from the “photoreceptor default” hypothesis.
TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND THE GLOBALIZATION OF FINANCIAL SERVICES

Financial services are undergoing a major period of internationalization. National markets are interlinked by telecommunications, a process induced through deregulation and new communications technologies. This paper reviews the recent, intertwined trends in the finance and telecommunications industries in light of urban and regional restructuring theory, cites several company-specific examples, explores the impacts on the international urban hierarchy and the labor process (e.g., back offices), and assesses the role of teleports. Finally, it offers an agenda for further research.
Learners' Predictions of the Recallability of Prose*

Do learners of textual prose know which portions of the text are likely to be difficult to recall? For each of two textual passages, samples of college students were able to predict accurately the prose subunits which were actually recalled by various samples of learners attempting immediate or delayed reproductions. Multiple regression analyses provided evidence that the predictions of recall showed considerable congruence with independent ratings of the meaningfulness and comprehensibility of the subunits.
Stem cells — hype and hope

Studies of stem cells will help in understanding the development and function of organs in mammals. They may also offer a way of treating diseases ranging from liver failure to Parkinson's disease.
CAD-Based Aerodynamic Design of Complex Configurations using a Cartesian Method

A modular framework for aerodynamic optimization of complex geometries is developed. By working directly with a parametric CAD system, complex-geometry models are modified nnd tessellated in an automatic fashion. The use of a component-based Cartesian method significantly reduces the demands on the CAD system, and also provides for robust and efficient flowfield analysis. The optimization is controlled using either a genetic or quasi-Newton algorithm. Parallel efficiency of the framework is maintained even when subject to limited CAD resources by dynamically re-allocating the processors of the flow solver. Overall, the resulting framework can explore designs incorporating large shape modifications and changes in topology.
Expanding the HRD Role: Improving employee well-being and organizational performance

Abstract An important opportunity for the HRD profession lies in assessing and reshaping the psychosocial work environment to create a healthy, mentally focused workforce that provides their organization with a competitive advantage. We explain why HRD professionals should be concerned with employee well-being, offer suggestions for assessing the work environment through a stress audit and discuss four key work factors that affect well-being: job control, role overload, social support and supervisor behaviour. By expanding their role to these concerns, HRD professionals can improve quality of life and contribute to organizational effectiveness. If they do, the result should be healthier employees, healthier organizations and a greater recognition of HRD's potential for transforming organizations.
Response to Comments on "Changes in Climatic Water Balance Drive Downhill Shifts in Plant Species’ Optimum Elevations"

Wolf and Anderegg, Hijmans, and Stephenson and Das suggest that our findings of changes in climatic water balance driving downhill shifts in plant species distributions are flawed. We demonstrate that the conclusions these authors make are subject to the selection of methods they apply and do not provide sufficient evidence to reject our original findings.
Problems with realism in economics

This essay attempts to distinguish the pressing issues for economists and economic methodologists concerning realism in economics from those issues that are of comparatively slight importance. In particular I shall argue that issues concerning the goals of science are of considerable interest in economics, unlike issues concerning the evidence for claims about unobservables, which have comparatively little relevance. In making this argument, this essay raises doubts about the two programs in contemporary economic methodology that raise the banner of realism. In particular I argue that the banner makes it more difficult to relate the concerns of those who wave it (Tony Lawson and Uskali Maki) to those of other methodologists. Although this essay argues that many of the debates in this century between scientific realists and their opponents are not relevant to economics, it does not attack scientific realism, and it does not urge economists or economic methodologists to reject it.
CARBON-13 CHEMICAL SHIFT TENSORS IN PENTAERYTHRITOL

The carbon-13 chemical shift tensors of pentaerythritol (C(CH2OH)4, tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)methane) are measured with use of the two-dimensional chemical shift correlation technique. The results are interpreted with quantum-chemical ab initio gauge invariant atomic orbital computations of the nuclear shielding tensors based on X-ray and neutron diffraction structures, and on corresponding structures modified by optimizing the CH2 proton positions with the Gaussian 94 program. The X-ray based computations correlate with the experimental tensors with a root-mean-square deviation of 4.45 ppm, while the neutron structure gives a root-mean-square deviation of 0.86 ppm. After optimizing the CH2 proton positions for the X-ray and neutron structures, root-mean-square deviations of 1.19 and 0.84 ppm, respectively, are calculated. Tensor computations for the central carbon were done with hypothetical structures obtained by altering the C−C−C angle. The difference between the two computed principal values of this ax...
Introduction to Ronald Kay's “On photography Time split in two”

The text presented here constitutes the first time that Ronald Kay's work has been rendered and published in English translation. A fundamental figure within Chile's art scene during its recent dictatorial period (1973–1990), Kay's written, pedagogic, and editorial contributions were instrumental in shaping the sophisticated and insurgent discourse of the artists working under the rubric now known as the neovanguardia. The first chapter of Ronald Kay's Del Espacio de Aca (1980), “On photography Time split in two” lays out, in a style and rhetoric that are both lyrical and rigorous, Kay's theorization of the photographic phenomenon as a miniature geological event.
Organelles of protein transport in Giardia lamblia.

Abstract Giardia occupies a unique evolutionary position since it is considered to belong to the earliest known lineage to diverge from the eukaryotic line of descent 1 . Although organelles of protein transport are thought to have evolved with the nuclear membrane, G. lamblia is reported to have no Golgi apporatus 2 Therefore, Frances Gillin, David Reiner and Michael McCaffery have investigated how it exports glycoproteins to the cyst wall during encystotion and whether a Golgi might become evident during an active secretory phase. They have found both functional and morphological evidence of a Golgi in Giardia and have shown that trophozoites are capable of sophisticated protein recognition, sorting and traffickibng 3 . These studies suggest that membranous organelles of protein transport appeared early in the evolution of the eukaryotic cell.
Spectral analysis of the finish of polished optical surfaces

Abstract Surface finish is a critical factor in many high performance optical components with major limitations arising from scattering due to topographic surface roughness. Scattering theory shows that the relevant statistic of the residual surface height fluctuations is their power spectral density. In this paper, methods of estimating such spectra from surface profile measurements are described and are illustrated by the analysis of mechanical stylus measurements of several polished surfaces which have nanometer height fluctuations over the surface wavelength range of about 10 0 –10 3 μm.
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome due to primary gastrinoma of the extrahepatic biliary tree: three case reports and review of literature.

ABSTRACT Objective To report 3 cases of primary neuroendocrine tumors (PNT) of the extrahepatic biliary tree (EHBT) in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES), 2 of whom had multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1). Methods Three new cases of gastrin-producing tumors of the EHBT are presented, and the pertinent literature relating to PNT of the EHBT is reviewed. Results Eighty-one previous cases of PNT of the EHBT have been reported in the world literature, 7 of which were hormonally active and associated with peptic ulcer disease, diarrhea, or ZES. Three additional patients presented to us with ZES due to PNT of the EHBT. One patient with MEN 1 was treated with a Whipple procedure for a common bile duct gastrinoma. A second patient underwent left hepatectomy with resection of the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts for a primary left hepatic duct gastrinoma. The second patient with MEN 1 underwent resection of a gastrinoma at the junction of the cystic duct and the common bile duct. Conclusion Although PNT of the EHBT are uncommon, the association with ZES is even more so. Often, nonfunctioning tumors are diagnosed late in the course of the disease from symptoms related to biliary obstruction. Patients with ZES may be diagnosed earlier because of symptoms resulting from gastrin excess. Surgical resection is the only chance for cure and is often helpful in the palliation of symptoms. (Endocr Pract. 2009;15:737-749)
Letter by Ridker and Everett Regarding Article, “The Inflammatory Hypothesis: Any Progress in Risk Stratification and Therapeutic Targets?”

To the Editor: We read with interest the recent editorial by Blankenberg and Yusuf1 discussing C-reactive protein (CRP) and atherothrombosis. Whereas Blankenberg and Yusuf write that data from Bos et al2 add “valuable knowledge to the current discussion because no previous studies have examined the impact of CRP on stroke as a unique end point,” we are aware of at least 9 previous publications on this topic. These include data from the Physicians Health Study; the Leiden 85-Plus Study; the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES); the Framingham Heart Study; the Cardiovascular Health Study; the Health, Aging and Body Study; the Honolulu Heart Program; the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities …
Tell me your story: analysis of script topics selected by persons with aphasia.

Purpose This study examined the content of 100 short scripts, co-constructed by persons with aphasia (PWA) and a clinician. The PWA subsequently learned the scripts by interacting with a computerized virtual therapist. The goal was to provide clinicians with ideas regarding content for treatment that is meaningful to PWAs. Method Thirty-three PWAs generated the scripts, typically including 1 monologue and 2 dialogues in which the PWA was either the initiator or the responder. Scripts were analyzed for common topics and themes. Results Thirty topics were identified and categorized into 10 themes. For the monologues, the largest category was personal stories (68%), with 12 of the 19 addressing their stroke and aphasia. For the dialogues, conversations with family were dominant (21%), followed by seeking or providing information (18%), and discussion of outside interests (14%). Conclusion PWAs choose to speak about their life experiences, choose to reconnect with their families, and tend to focus on communic...
A numerical model to evaluate the performance of pressure equalized rainscreen walls

Abstract Advancements in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and numerical modeling techniques provide new approaches to quantify air flow around buildings and wind induced pressures on the building envelope. This paper describes the progress made on developing a numerical model to predict the performance of Pressure Equalized Rainscreen (PER) wall assemblies. The model is three dimensional and time dependent. The Navier Stokes Equations (NSE) are discretized using a control volume method. External wall boundaries are treated with cyclic pressure differentials, the onlyfluid property available as a boundary condition from the experiment. This paper presents the steps involved in the numerical model development and the effect of static and dynamic parameters on the model predictions. Two types of wall assemblies, one representing an airtight air barrier system and another with a leaky air barrier system, are modeled. Predicted performances of both wall types are analyzed with respect to time and space. Preliminary model validation is performed by comparing computed results with limited experimental data. The paper also includes some of these comparisons for various geometrical configurations of the PER wall assembly.
The Spectrum of Tin Hydride at High Pressure

SnH spectra produced in a d.c. arc in hydrogen at 5 atmospheres pressure are described. Two red-degrading bands in the violet with first heads at 4054A and 4447A together are a $(0,0)^{2}\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{2}\ensuremath{\Pi}$ transition with a sharp cut-off at ${K}^{\ensuremath{'}}=17$. For the $^{2}\mathrm{II}$ state ${B}_{0}=5.31$, ${r}_{0}=1.822\mathrm{A}$, $A=2182.70$ and ${p}_{0}=0.991$. For the $^{2}\ensuremath{\Delta}$ state ${B}_{0}=4.91$, ${r}_{0}=1.848\mathrm{A}$, $A=\ensuremath{-}1.75$ and ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{0}=+0.694$. Some details of another band system in the red with principal head at 6095A are given.
Some characteristics of the XO mouse (Mus musculus L.) I. Vitality: Growth and metabolism

The growth rate of XO mice during the first five weeks of life was shown to be significantly lower (ca. 15%) than the growth rate of normal XX mice. A marker gene Tabby was introduced in order to recognize hemizygous XO females. The presence or absence of this gene had a significant influence on growth rates. XO females could only be compared to XX females in an indirect way. The differences found could not be attributed to maternal influence or to the influence of litter size. Body temperature and thyroid activity were found to be lower in XO mice than in normal females. It is suggested that the lower growth rate characteristic of the XO mice is a consequence of hypothyroidism and a lower basal metabolic rate. The results show that phenotypically XO mice are not entirely normal and at least two normal X's are necessary for complete development.