cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dystonic Reactions Among Pediatric Patients Treated for Headache with Metoclopramide Versus Prochlorperazine (1200)

Objective: To investigate rates of dystonic reactions among pediatric patients treated for headache in the hospital with metoclopramide versus prochlorperazine. Background: Metoclopramide and prochlorperazine are dopamine receptor antagonists used to treat headache, often as part of a “migraine cocktail” in the hospital setting. Dystonic reactions are a known side effect of these medications. The rates of dystonic reactions have not been well characterized in children. Design/Methods: Medical record data was extracted for patients at a single tertiary-care pediatric hospital who received metoclopramide or prochlorperazine for treatment of headache in the Emergency Department or inpatient units. Patients were excluded who had baseline diagnoses of dystonia or who were administered other concurrent dopamine agonists or antagonists. Results: 4588 clinical encounters were identified, 2542 with prochlorperazine and 2046 with metoclopramide. 12 patients had dystonic reactions (0.26%). Of those who received prochlorperazine, 11 had dystonic reactions (0.43%). Of those who received metoclopramide, 1 had a dystonic reaction (0.049%). The relative risk of an acute dystonic reaction with prochlorperazine over metoclopramide is 8.85 (95% CI 1.2–68.5). There were statistically significant differences between groups of patients who received metoclopramide versus prochlorperazine for headache in terms of gender, age, number of doses, and use of concurrent diphenhydramine, but not in terms of dose in milligrams per kilogram. In a logistic regression analysis, the variables that were significantly associated with acute dystonic reaction were administration of prochlorperazine versus metoclopramide (p=0.019) and greater number of doses administered (p Conclusions: Dystonic reactions are very rare events among pediatric patients treated for headache, regardless of whether treatment occurs with metoclopramide or prochlorperazine. However, these reactions are more common with prochlorperazine than metoclopramide. Providers serving children could consider this information among the risks and benefits of whether to select prochlorperazine versus metoclopramide for treatment of headache. Disclosure: Dr. Kirkpatrick has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sogawa has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cleves has nothing to disclose.
Hostility Toward the Press: A Synthesis of Terms, Research, and Future Directions in Examining Harassment of Journalists

While there is an upsurge of research examining hostility toward the press from those external to the newsroom, there continues to be a lack of critical and robust theoretical foundation and agenda...
Do Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias Represent Primary Diagnoses or Points on a Continuum

The question of whether the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) represent primary diagnoses or points on a continuum has been debatable for a number of years. Patients with TACs may present with similar clinical characteristics, and occasionally, TACS respond to similar treatments. Prima facie, these disorders may seem to be intimately related. However, due to the current evidence, it would be challenging to accurately conclude whether they represent different primary headache diagnoses or the same primary headache disorder represented by different points on the same continuum. Ultimately, the TACs may utilize similar pathways and activate nociceptive responses that result in similar clinical phenotypes but "original and initiating" etiology may differ, and these disorders may not be points on the same continuum. This paper seeks to provide a brief comparison of TACs via diagnostic criteria, secondary causes, brief overview of pathophysiology, and the use of some key treatments and their mechanism of actions to illustrate the TAC similarities and differences.
Partial Translation Verification for Untrusted Code-Generators

Within the context of model-based development, the correctness of code generators for modeling notations such as Simulink and Stateflow is of obvious importance. If correctness of code generation can be shown, the extensive and often costly verification and validation activities conducted in the modeling domain could be effectively leveraged in the code domain. Unfortunately, most code generators in use today give no guarantees of correctness. In this paper, we investigate a method of leveraging existing model checking tools to verify the partial correctness of code generated by code generators that offer no guarantees of correctness. We explore the feasibility of this approach through a prototype tool that allows us to verify that Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) safety properties are preserved by C code generators for Simulink models. We find that the approach scales well, allowing us to verify that 55 LTL properties are maintained when generating 12,000+ lines of C code from a large Simulink model.
Inducible Degradation of Hydroxyproline in Pseudomonas putida: Pathway Regulation and Hydroxyproline Uptake

Studies in Pseudomonas putida of the inducible degradation of hydroxyproline to α-ketoglutarate have indicated that either of the two epimers, hydroxy-l-proline or allohydroxy-d-proline, acts as an inducer of all the pathway enzymes. In a mutant lacking the first enzyme of the sequence, hydroxyproline-2-epimerase, which interconverts these two hydroxyproline epimers, either epimer is still equally active as an inducer of the remaining three enzymes, suggesting that each epimer has intrinsic inducer activity. The second and third enzymes of the sequence were induced coordinately. The induction process appeared to be insensitive to catabolite repression under a number of experimental conditions. The induced enzymes were stable even under conditions of nitrogen starvation and other conditions designed to increase protein turnover. In addition to inducing the degradative enzymes, the two hydroxyproline epimers were also found to induce an uptake system that concentrates hydroxyproline intracellularly. Either amino acid induced the uptake system for its epimer as well as for itself.
Many-body interactions between excitons in GaAs quantum wells quantified using two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy

We have quantified excitonic many-body interaction energies in GaAs quantum wells using two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy. The anharmonic oscillator model for excitons is used to extract the inter- and intra-mode interaction energies from 2D spectra.
Influence of Downstream Control and Limited Depth on Flow Hydrodynamics of Impinging Buoyant Jets

Much study has been performed on the mixing properties of submerged, turbulent buoyant jets. It is safe to say that the problem of estimating dilution rates in vertical buoyant jets spreading in an `infinitely deep' ambient water has been more than adequately resolved by previous researchers. However, the majority of environmental applications involve discharges into ambient waters of finite depths in which a bounding surface serves to re-direct the impinging buoyant jet horizontally into a radial spreading layer. Previous research indicates that this impinging jet undergoes additional mixing before buoyancy stabilizes vertical mixing and confines the spreading layer to the vicinity of the bounding surface. Unfortunately, the conceptualization and subsequent mathematical modeling of this additional mixing phenomenon is surrounded by considerable amount of disagreement between researchers. The purpose of this study is to provide, by means of velocity and concentration profile measurements, independent experimental evidence for the existence of a critical flow state immediately downstream of the active mixing zone in the horizontally flowing, radial flow that forms after impingement. It is further shown that this critical flow state must be expressed in terms of a composite Froude Number that takes into account the possibility of a non-zero exchange layer flow. Finally, the influence of the presence of a sill-like topographic downstream control on the criticality of the radial flow immediately downstream of the active mixing zone is also investigated.
SMRM: SNMP-based multicast reachability monitoring

One of the main challenges of deploying multicast services in the Internet is the lack of active monitoring tools that can detect and isolate multicast reachability problems in real-time. Existing multicast monitoring tools are either not scalable or use proprietary protocols which limit their deployment in enterprise networks. This paper presents SNMP-based multicast reachability monitoring (SMRM), a framework for monitoring the health and the quality of multicast delivery paths (or forwarding tree) in real-time. SMRM addresses these limitations by using SNMP as a core component, which significantly facilitates the wide deployment of SMRM in existing networks. The SMRM framework combines distributed monitoring and centralized control, which offers a scalable, easy-to-use and easy-to-deploy multicast monitoring service.
HIV Peer Education: Relationships Between Adolescents’ HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Self-Efficacy

School-based programs have been found to be effective in limiting sexual risk behaviors among adolescents. A peer-led educational program is one of the school-based approaches used to educate and empower adolescents toward healthy behaviors. The purposes of this study were to determine the effectiveness of a peer education program on improving adolescents’ HIV/AIDS knowledge and self-efficacy for limiting sexual risk behaviors and also to determine the influence of self-efficacy on adolescents’ HIV knowledge. A quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate the peer education program. The results of the study demonstrated that HIV knowledge and self-efficacy improved significantly postintervention. Since children spend a considerable time in school, more school-based programs need to be developed to promote information on risk behaviors and prevention.
The Anthropology of Globalization (with Notes on Neomedievalism, and the End of the Chinese Model of the Nation‐State)

Millennial Capitalism and the Culture of Neoliberalism. Jean Comaroff and John L. Comaroff. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2001. 320 pp. Consumers and Citizens: Globalization and Multicultural Conflicts. Nestor Garcia Canclini. George Yudice. trans. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2001. 200 pp. The Anthropology of Globalization:. Reader. Jonathan Xavier Inda and Renato Rosaldo. eds. London: Blackwell Publishers, 2002. 498 pp.
A Branch Apart: East Asian Collections in a Research Library Context

Much has been written in library literature of late about access and ownership and how libraries should respond organizationally to the new role libraries are developing to meet the dual challenges of pervasive information technology and reduced budgets. There are repeated calls for libraries to give customized service, be intimately aware of users' needs and deliver documents at the point of use. In an article on the efficacy of branch libraries entitled "Organization Misfits," it is posited that departmental (or "branch") libraries, due to their size and flexibility, can provide models for this type of service with little change to their structure or organizational relationships.1 This sort of service and "client-centered" approach, to use the term coined by Charles Martell2 , seems to describe exactly how East Asian branch libraries work in the United States today. They are thus ahead of their time and should be eminently capable of dealing with the age of electronic materials which has just begun to dawn in East Asian collections. American librarians have been debating the benefits of the branch library since Keyes Metcalf introduced the topic in 1950 in his discussion about libraries at Harvard University. He listed the arguments in favor of "decentralizing" (i.e., creating branch or departmental libraries) as: 1. It places the books in convenient locations for those who make the greatest use of them. 2. It broadens the basis of support of the university library system. 3. It gives the various departments a direct interest in their libraries. 4. By breaking down the collections into units by subjects, special library methods can be introduced which give better service at no greater cost. The arguments against decentralization are: 1. Decentralization often results in unnecessary duplication; the various libraries in the biological sciences at Harvard are a good example. 8 2. The policies in departmental libraries may get out of line with those for the university library as a whole, in respect to staff organization, salaries, and book acquisition. 3. Departmental libraries offer a ready opportunity for overdevelopment through the interest and promotional ability of a particular librarian or head of a graduate school. Costs then get out of bounds, and subsequent reduction of expenses is difficult because of the bulk of materials already at hand.3 Although Metcalf expressed his concerns over forty years ago, and well before the first Committee on East Asian Libraries (CEAL) Newsletter began its life as the organ for East Asian library issues, his concerns and many of his arguments are so fresh and pertinent today that the present piece might adapt his title to be called "The Place of the East Asian Library in a University," a slight alteration from the original title, "The Place of the Library in a University".
Patterns and Outcomes Associated with Patient Migration for Liver Transplantation in the United States

Background Traveling to seek specialized care such as liver transplantation (LT) is a reality in the United States. Patient migration has been attributed to organ availability. The aims of this study were to delineate patterns of patient migration and outcomes after LT. Study Design All deceased donor LT between 2008–2013 were extracted from UNOS data. Migrated patients were defined as those patients who underwent LT at a center in a different UNOS region from the region in which they resided and traveled a distance > 100 miles. Results Migrated patients comprised 8.2% of 28,700 LT performed. Efflux and influx of patients were observed in all 11 UNOS regions. Regions 1, 5, 6, and 9 had a net efflux, while regions 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, and 11 had a net influx of patients. After multivariate adjustment for donor and recipient factors, graft (p = 0.68) and patient survival (p = 0.52) were similar between migrated and non-migrated patients. Conclusion A significant number of patients migrated in patterns that could not be explained alone by regional variations in MELD score and wait time. Migration may be a complex interplay of factors including referral patterns, specialized services at centers of excellence and patient preference.
Note on the far field of a Gaussian beam

It is shown that contrary to some recent claims the far field of a Gaussian beam does not contain contributions from high spatial frequency components of the source. Consequently no evanescent waves take part in the formation of the far field. Corresponding results for other types of wave fields are also briefly discussed.
Mood and anxiety regulation by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: A potential pathway to modulate aggression and related behavioral states

The co-morbidity between smoking and mood disorders is striking. Preclinical and clinical studies of nicotinic effects on mood, anxiety, aggression, and related behaviors, such as irritability and agitation, suggest that smokers may use the nicotine in tobacco products as an attempt to self-medicate symptoms of affective disorders. The role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in circuits regulating mood and anxiety is beginning to be elucidated in animal models, but the mechanisms underlying the effects of nicotine on aggression-related behavioral states (ARBS) are still not understood. Clinical trials of nicotine or nicotinic medications for neurological and psychiatric disorders have often found effects of nicotinic medications on ARBS, but few trials have studied these outcomes systematically. Similarly, the increase in ARBS resulting from smoking cessation can be resolved by nicotinic agents, but the effects of nicotinic medications on these types of mental states and behaviors in non-smokers are less well understood. Here we review the literature on the role of nAChRs in regulating mood and anxiety, and subsequently on the closely related construct of ARBS. We suggest avenues for future study to identify how nAChRs and nicotinic agents may play a role in these clinically important areas. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'The Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor: From Molecular Biology to Cognition'.
Modefied fluctuation test for the direct detection of mutagens in foods with Salmonella typhimurium TA98

Abstract A modefied fluctuation test (Green) with the Ames' tester strain Salmonella typhimurium TA98 has been examined for sensitivity to histidine feeding and for detection of minimal concentrations of daunomycin and S9 activated benzo[ a ]pyrene. The fluctuation test was found operable over a range of histidine concentrations between 0.25 and 1.25 μg/ml using 48 tube assays and microtitre plates with 120 wells. The agar plate method yielded a comparable operational range for histidine concentration. With daunomycin, the microtiter fluctuation test was 48-fold greater in sensitivity than the macroscale fluctuation test. With benzo[ a ]pyrene, the microtiter fluctuation test was 4.8-fold greater in sensitivity than the macroscale test. The microtiter assay was 2,4 and 2.5-fold more sensitive than the plate and treat method with daunomycin and benzo[ a ]pyrene respectively.
Functional characterization of a novel outer membrane porin KpnO, regulated by PhoBR two-component system in Klebsiella pneumoniae NTUH-K2044.

Background The diffusion of antibiotics through the outer membrane is primarily affected by the porin super family, changes contribute to antibiotic resistance. Recently we demonstrated that the CpxAR two-component signaling system alters the expression of an uncharacterized porin OmpCKP, to mediate antimicrobial resistance in K. pneumoniae.
Bound Geodesics in the Kerr Metric

The bound geodesics (orbits) of a particle in the Kerr metric are examined. (By "bound" we signify that the particle ranges over a finite interval of radius, neither being captured by the black hole nor escaping to infinity.) All orbits either remain in the equatorial plane or cross it repeatedly. A point where a nonequatorial orbit intersects the equatorial plane is called a node. The nodes of a spherical (i.e., constant radius) orbit are dragged in the sense of the spin of the black hole. A spherical orbit near the one-way membrane traces out a helix-like path lying on a sphere enclosing the black hole.
Automated Judgment of Document Qualities

The authors report on a series of experiments to automate the assessment of document qualities such as depth and objectivity. The primary purpose is to develop a quality-sensitive functionality, orthogonal to relevance, to select documents for an interactive question-answering system. The study consisted of two stages. In the classifier construction stage, nine document qualities deemed important by information professionals were identified and classifiers were developed to predict their values. In the confirmative evaluation stage, the performance of the developed methods was checked using a different document collection. The quality prediction methods worked well in the second stage. The results strongly suggest that the best way to predict document qualities automatically is to construct classifiers on a person-by-person basis.
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of paroxetine in nursing home residents with non-major depression

Depression is common across a broad spectrum of severity among nursing home residents. Previous research has demonstrated the effectiveness of antidepressants in nursing home residents with major depression, but it is not known whether antidepressants are helpful in residents with less severe forms of depression. We conducted a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled 8-week trial comparing paroxetine and placebo in very old nursing home residents with non-major depression. The main outcome measure was the primary nurse's Clinical Impression of Change (CGI-C). Additional outcome measures were improvement on the interview-derived Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Cornell Scale for Depression (CS) scores. Twenty-four subjects with a mean age of 87.9 were enrolled and twenty subjects completed the trial. Placebo response was high, and when all subjects were considered, there were no differences in improvement between the paroxetine and placebo groups. Two subjects that received paroxetine developed delirium, and subjects that received paroxetine were more likely to experience a decrease in Mini Mental State Exam scores (P =.03). There were no differences in serum anticholinergic activity between groups. In a subgroup analysis of 15 subjects with higher baseline HDRS and CS scores, there was a trend toward greater improvement in the paroxetine group in an outcome measure that combined the CGI-C and interview-based measures (P =.06). Paroxetine is not clearly superior to placebo in this small study of very old nursing home residents with non-major depression, and there is a risk of adverse cognitive effects. Because of the high placebo response and the trend towards improvement in the more severely ill patients, it is possible that a larger study would have demonstrated a significant therapeutic effect for paroxetine as compared with placebo. The study also illustrates the discordance between patient and caregiver ratings, and the difficulties in studying very elderly patients with mood disorders.
Facilitating and Understanding Autonomy in Adult Learners

Confessore (1992) proposed that desire, initiative, resourcefulness and persistence are critical factors for understanding why adults engage in independent and self-directed learning endeavors. A series of four studies identified the conative factors associated with each construct through the development of a conceptual model that provides a framework for understanding autonomous learning. It is proposed that these constructs are embedded in the larger construct of learner autonomy. A learner who can exhibit personal autonomy will exhibit all of the identified behaviors identified as characteristic behaviors of autonomous learning. The series of four studies (desire, resourcefulness, initiative, and persistence) individually produced valid and reliable instruments, and ultimately produced a single instrument, The Learner Autonomy Profile, that quantifies an individual's intentions to engage in autonomous learning endeavors.
Lyme Disease: Recommendations for Diagnosis and Treatment

The incidence and the endemic range of Lyme disease in the United States have increased steadily since the disease was originally recognized in Lyme, Connecticut, in 1975. Because of the varied clinical manifestations of this illness and the use of unstandardized serologic testing methods, diagnosis is often uncertain and treatment outcomes are often difficult to evaluate. The antibiotic regimens that are commonly used in clinical practice have changed rapidly. They show much regional variation with little critical comparison of treatment results. The clinical diagnosis and the literature on the treatment of the various stages of Lyme disease are reviewed. The reported data are supplemented with recommendations based on 15 years of clinical experience with this illness.
073 Implementing Updated US Federal Government Recommendations about HIV Prevention for Persons with HIV: A High-Impact Approach for HIV Prevention

Background More than one million people are living with HIV in the US; each year this number increases by ∼30,000. Nearly two-thirds of new infections occur in racial/ethnic minorities. The 2010 National HIV/AIDS Strategy emphasises cost-effective, high-impact strategies that reduce the infectiousness of HIV-infected persons over behavioural interventions for HIV-uninfected persons. To advance this Strategy, the US Department of Health and Human Services consolidated and updated existing federal government recommendations for HIV prevention for persons with HIV. Objectives Describe guideline development and implementation methods. Methods HIV prevention, care, and policy experts from CDC, HRSA, NIH and six non-governmental organisations updated existing federal government recommendations for clinicians, non-clinical prevention providers, health departments, and policy makers based on new evidence about biomedical, behavioural, and policy interventions. Results The updated recommendations emphasise new, and effective, but under-used interventions: evidence-based linkage-to-care strategies, early initiation of antiretroviral therapy, interventions supporting adherence to suppress viral load and reduce infectiousness, and new behavioural interventions. To implement guidelines, CDC and HRSA are coaching “champions” in public and private sectors; disseminating decision-support tools and low-cost implementation resources, aligning federal policies with the guidelines; advising states about regulations that promote implementation; and evaluating guideline adherence and enablers through national studies. Discussion Implementing these broad, inter-sector recommendations will require long-term engagement of governmental and non-governmental organisations. Successful implementation promises to invigorate America’s HIV prevention strategy, help reduce health disparities, and decrease the nation’s devastating HIV burden. Implications for Guideline Developers/Users Understanding the benefits of consolidated guidelines that advance national policy.
An empirical investigation of reconstructability analysis: probabilistic systems

This paper describes computer experiments whose purpose has been to determine some key characteristics of a methodology for dealing with the reconstruction problem—one of the problems associated with reconstructability analysis. These experiments illustrate a novel role of the computer as a tool for metamethodological inquiries. A summary of the obtained experimental results is also presented and some of their implications discussed.
Scalable Microsprings for Integrated Test and Packaging

Lithographically defined spring electrical contacts have many applications for next generation electronics test and packaging. The springs can lower the cost of multi-chip modules because their rework ability addresses the known-good-die problem. Lower height chip stacking for mobile electronics markets is enabled because a sliding spring can have a much shorter profile than solder. Larger die can be directly bonded to the board because the compliance absorbs thermal expansion mismatches between substrates. Significant stress isolation is possible, which is important for mechanically sensitive die such as MEMS and low K die. Very high density is possible, as 6 (am pitch has been demonstrated. Fabrication is scalable and assembly is low temperature. This paper reviews our prototype demonstrations for these applications as well as relevant reliability data and contact studies.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Octree color indexing approach to image retrieval

ABSTRACT Low-level features such as the color, texture and shape of objects have been widely studied for similaritysearch inimage indexing and retrieval. A new color indexing scheme based on the octree quantization scheme is proposed inthis research to achieve efficient multiresolution image retrieval. The new color feature not only integrates commonly used color features such as the color histogram and dominant color, but also support a selective filtering strategy to speed up the retrieval process. It can also be further combined with other visual features to facilitate similarity searching. Extensive experiments are performed to illustrate the performance of the proposed approach. Keywords: image database, image indexing, color quantization. image retrieval, query processing. multiresolutionretrieval. 1 INTRODUCTION Advances in technologies have resulted in huge archives of sounds. images and videos in diverse applicationareassuch as medicine, remote sensing, industry engineering, entertainment, education and on-line information services.
Circadian and Interval Timing Mechanisms in the Ovulatory Cycle of the Hen

Abstract INTRODUCTION The object of this paper is to specify the timing processes that regulate the ovulatory cycle of the hen by comparing it with that of the rat. To this end, the temporal events that result in ovulation are characterized as having either circadian (i.e., oscillatory) or interval (i.e., hourglass) properties. When environmental time cues such as light, food, and temperature are eliminated, many circadian rhythms of activity persist, or “free run”, for about 24 hr, suggesting control by an endogenous oscillator. The physiological system that ensures synchronization of an organism’s internal temporal events with the external environment has been called the circadian timing system. In the natural environment, endogenous rhythms are synchronized by physical stimuli called zeitgebers. Such synchronization is possible only over a limited range of periods close to that of the circadian rhythm. Animals also measure and respond to intervals much shorter and longer than 24 hr, . . .
Impact of body habitus on quantitative and qualitative image quality in whole-body FDG-PET.

Obtaining consistent high image quality is desirable for clinical positron emission tomography (PET). Body morphology may impact image quality. The purpose of this study was to define the average and the range of body sizes in patients undergoing tumor PET studies in our center and to determine how the body habitus affects the statistical and visual quality of PET images. Height, weight, body surface area (BSA), and body mass index (BMI) were determined in 101 male and 101 female patients (group 1) referred for clinical PET. The summed total counts from three consecutive transaxial slices on non-attenuation-corrected (NAC) 2D fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET images, which included the largest liver section and no lesions, were determined and compared with body morphology and injected doses (ID) in a representative group of 30 male and 30 female patients (group 2) spanning a range of body morphologies. The visual quality of images was also evaluated using a scoring system by three readers. The average height, weight, and BSA were greater in male than in female patients, but the average BMI was not different between them in group 1. The largest value of weight or BMI was more than four times the smallest value in female patients. The total true counts were best correlated with ID/weight (mCi/kg) in group 2 (r=0.929, P<0.0001). Intermediate to high total counts (930,000 or more) corresponded to ID/weight of 0.22 or higher. The average visual score was positively correlated with the total counts (ρ=0.63, P<0.0001) and with ID/weight (ρ=0.68, P<0.0001) on NAC images. The image quality in 22 (84.6%) of 26 patients with intermediate to high total counts was adequate to good, whereas that in 21 (61.8%) of 34 patients with lower total counts was suboptimal. A wide variety of body morphologies was observed in patients referred for clinical FDG-PET tumor studies in our center. The total counts and average image visual score were negatively correlated with weight. Counts in heavy patients were as low as one-fourth those in light patients. Adjusting injected FDG dose in each patient on the basis of body weight may be more appropriate to achieve consistent PET image quality than giving a fixed injected FDG dose.
Ifosfamide Chemotherapy and Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus Case Report and Review of the Literature

We present a patient with peritoneal carcinosarcoma who was treated with the alkylating agent ifosfamide and experienced a rapid decline in mental status. Electroencephalogram (EEG) displayed generalized periodic epileptiform discharges, which raised suspicion for nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE). Following administration of midazolam, the patient’s clinical condition and EEG improved. We review the 8 documented cases of ifosfamide-induced NCSE, and demonstrate the similarity in clinical features when compared with ifosfamide neurotoxicity that is not classified as NCSE. EEG findings suggesting an ictal pattern are subtle and heterogeneous, but they are essential for a diagnosis. Since it is unlikely that EEGs are uniformly obtained in instances of ifosfamide neurotoxicity, many cases of NCSE may go unrecognized.
Cultured porcine epithelial grafts: An improved method

An improved method of in vitro cultivation of porcine keratinocytes by which keratinocyte sheets suitable for grafting can be generated rapidly is described. Epidermis from split-thickness porcine skin is enzymatically separated from dermis with 0.25% Dispase solution (37 degrees C) within 3 h, and trypsinized to a single cell suspension. Keratinocytes are grown in Dulbecco-Vogt modified Eagle medium supplemented with 20 ng/ml hydrocortisone, 100 micrograms/ml penicillin, 100 micrograms/ml streptomycin, and 20% (cells from six-month-old pigs) or 10% fetal calf serum (cells from two-month-old pigs). Freshly isolated keratinocytes are plated at a density of 1.25 X 10(6) cells/ml since their plating efficiency is about 15 times lower than that of human keratinocytes grown under comparable conditions. Primary keratinocytes plated on plastic grow to confluence faster than those plated on lethally irradiated 3T3-J2 feeder layer cells. Porcine keratinocytes grown on plastic reach senescence in the third passage but, when subsequently cultivated on a lethally irradiated 3T3-J2 feeder layer, can be passaged up to seven times. Nevertheless, plating efficiency of second-passage porcine keratinocytes is only about 5%-7%, whereas that of human newborn foreskin keratinocytes is 20%-30%. Confluent stratified primary cultures grown on plastic, or secondary cultures grown on feeder layers, are used for grafting. The sheets are detached with Dispase solution and stapled to vaseline gauze to facilitate handling. Epidermal regeneration from porcine grafts produced by this method has been demonstrated after transplantation to full-thickness wounds excised to muscle fascia in donor animals.
The relationship between organizational identification and organizational culture: Employee perceptions of culture and identification in a retail sales organization

This study explored the relationship between organizational identification and organizational culture in a retail sales organization. Participants included 76 employees from 31 different store locations who completed Cheney's (1983b) Organizational Identification Questionnaire and Glaser, Zamanou, and Hacker's (1987) Organizational Culture Survey. Confirmatory factor analyses, as well as tests of parallelism, were conducted to confirm the dimensional structure and internal consistency of both measurements. Although six dimensions of organizational culture were significantly related to organizational identification, employee morale emerged as the only significant predictor of employee identification. Implications of these results, as well as directions for future research, are discussed.
Ultrasonic quantification of geniohyoid cross-sectional area and tissue composition: A preliminary study of age and radiation effects

Abstract: Background. This study developed and used anew, noninvasive approach to quantify cross-sectional area andtissue composition within the geniohyoid (GH) muscle in normaladults and head and neck cancer patients.Methods. B-mode ultrasound was used to measure GHcross-sectional area at rest and during four speech gestures andGH tissue composition at rest in normal young adults, patientswith SCC head and neck cancer treated with primary radio-therapy, and normal older adults age matched with the patients.Results. Patients exhibited significantly greater GH cross-sectional area than young subjects at rest and in effortful condi-tions. Significantly greater muscle tissue variability across GHquadrants was observed in patients compared with normal sub-jects and in older compared with younger subjects.Conclusions. B-mode ultrasound area analyses and tissueclassification techniques can be used to quantify musclechanges, such as those resulting from age, radiotherapy, or re-habilitation for head and neck cancer. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons,Inc. Head Neck23: 467–474, 2001.Keywords: geniohyoid; ultrasound; tissue classification; radio-therapy; head and neck cancer
Assessment of CD43 Expression in Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas, Polymorphous Low-Grade Adenocarcinomas, and Monomorphic Adenomas

Objective Distinguishing between adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA), and monomorphic adenoma (MA) can occasionally pose a diagnostic challenge. It is of interest to identify a marker that can differentiate between these tumors. CD43 is a sialoglycoprotein that is typically expressed by hematopoietic cells and their derivative neoplasms, although positivity in epithelial tumors has been recently recognized. Our aim was to investigate CD43 immunoreactivity in ACCs, PLGAs, and MAs. Study design Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections from 40 salivary gland tumors (12 ACCs, 14 PLGAs, and 14 MAs) accessioned from 1989 to 2002 were retrieved from the files at the Department of Pathology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-CD43 monoclonal antibody was performed. Results Cytoplasmic and membranous immunoreactivity was detected in 12/12 ACCs (100%), 1/14 PLGAs (7.1%), and 3/14 MAs (21.4%). Conclusions CD43 appears to be preferentially expressed in salivary gland ACCs compared to PLGAs and MAs. Although the mechanism of this overexpression remains obscure at this time, our results suggest that the use of CD43 immunostaining as an adjunct to histological examination may be helpful in differentiating ACC from its mimics.
Retribution or Reconciliation: Young Americans' Attitudes toward Peaceful Transitions of Power.

This exploratory study assessed the associations of age, gender, and a school climate of solidarity and pride with adolescents' endorsements of democratic regime change. Middle- and high-school students (N = 273) in the United States responded to three vignettes concerning how a society should transition from dictatorship to democracy and specifically, what should happen to the leaders, supporters, and opponents of the (former) dictatorship. Open-ended responses were coded for references to reconciliation, retribution, and reward. Older students were more likely to provide codable responses and the majority endorsed reconciliation for the leaders, supporters, and opponents of the old (dictatorship) regime. Males were more likely than females to endorse retribution against the leaders. Students were more likely to endorse reconciliation if they perceived that group solidarity and pride characterized the climate at their school. Discussion focuses on the potential of schools to develop feelings of membership and commitments to democratic norms in younger generations.
5β-Hydroxydigitoxigenin—A metabolite of digitoxigenin by rabbit liver homogenates

Abstract 3 H-digitoxigenin was metabolized in vitro by rabbit liver homogenate. A metabolite resulting from this biotransformation was isolated and identified as 5β-hydroxydigitoxigenin. After an incubation period of 1 hr, approximately 6 per cent of the substrate was converted to this metabolite. This is the first report of the 5β-hydroxylation of digitoxigenin in mammalian systems.
Oxidation of titanium modified type 310 stainless steel in low oxygen partial pressure atmospheres

A series of modified type 310 stainless steels containing 3 wt.% titanium were oxidized in a low oxygen partial pressure atmosphere (\(P_{O_2 }\) ≃3.8× 10−15atm) at 1255 K (1800°F). The scale morphologies and growth rates were similar to those observed on the same alloys in coal gasification atmospheres. The presence of sulfur (as H2S) in the gasification atmosphere apparently has a minimal effect on the corrosion scale formed. The growth rate and phase transformations of the external titanium-rich layer indicate that both titanium and manganese can readily permeate through the apparently compact Cr2O3layer.
Failure of Dopaminergic Blockade to Affect Prolactin, Growth Hormone, and Cortisol Responses to InsulinInduced Hypoglycemia in Schizophrenics*

The PRL, GH, and cortisol responses to insulin tolerance tests (ITTs) were evaluated in 12 medically healthy schizophrenic patients during a drug-free period and after 1 and 6 weeks of treatment with penfluridol, a potent, long acting, dopamine-blocking neuroleptic. Hypoglycemic responses were the same before and during penfluridol therapy. Although resting PRL levels were elevated during initial penfluridol therapy (week 1), hypoglycemia provoked a further substantial PRL increment, not significantly different in magnitude from that induced by hypoglycemia during thedrug-free period. However, there was a 54% reduction (P < 0.05) in the increase in the area under the PRL curve during week 6 compared to the drug-free period. Regarding GH and cortisol, resting levels, areas under the curve, and maximal increments after ITT were essentially the same during weeks 1 and 6 of penfluridol treatment as in the drug-free period. The failure of 1 week of dopaminergic blockade to significantly alter the hormonal (PRL...
Seasonal patterns of nitrification and denitrification in a natural and a restored salt marsh

Seasonal patterns of microbially-mediated nitrogen cycling via the nitrification-denitrification pathway were compared between a natural and a restored salt marsh. Sedimentary denitrification rates, measured with a modification of the acetylene block technique, were approximately 44 times greater in the natural marsh relative to an adjacent transplanted marsh. Nitrification rates were similar at both sites. The difference in denitrification rates was attributed to oxygen inhibition at low tide and tidal flushing of porewater nutrients at high tide in the coarse sediments of the restored marsh. Denitrification was positively correlated with nitrification throughout the year in the natural marsh with a seasonal fall peak in denitrification corresponding to a maximum in porewater ammonia concentration. A weak correlation existed between the two processes in the restored marsh, where nitrification rates exceeded denitrification rates by a factor of 20. Transplanted marsh denitrification rates exhibited a spring peak, corresponding to elevated porewater ammonia concentrations. Our findings demonstrate functional differences in microbial nitrogen dynamics of a young (0–3 yr) restored marsh relative to a mature (>50 yr) salt-marsh system. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A01BY070 00008
A Nation of Immigrants: Living Our Legacy

Immigration is a social issue of global importance. Understanding immigration patterns and trends requires paying attention to historical trends, demographic patterns, public policy developments, and cultural attitudes and beliefs. In this article I call for an intensified social psychological analysis of immigration, using Pettigrew's (1997) three-level framework as a means to define the approach. Selected research examples build the case for the critical role that social psychology can play in understanding the individual, group, and intergroup dynamics of immigration.
Consistency of the tobacco withdrawal syndrome.

Abstract The consistency of the tobacco withdrawal syndrome across repeated periods of abstinence was tested using a modified A-B-A-B design. The large majority of the signs and symptoms of tobacco withdrawal occured during abstinence, returned to baseline, and then recurred during a second abstinence period. This finding suggests that the syndrome is reliable and can be studied with within-subject designs.
Microwave spectroscopy of calcium Rydberg states.

We report results of a survey of microwave transition frequencies between S,P, andD singlet and triplet Rydberg states of calcium in the range n=22--55 . The accuracy of the measurements is approximately one part in ${10}^{6}$. The data have been analyzed using generalized energy expansions for the quantum defects, with the exception of the 4snd $^{1}$${\mathit{D}}_{2}$ series, for which numerical values of the quantum defects are presented.
Nuclear power plant design innovation through simplification

Abstract In light of growing interest in LWR redesign and simplification of currently-used systems, an overview of the problems arising in implementation of design simplification can be valuable. The concept of nuclear plant design simplification is explored with the goal of achieving useful results. Two schools of thought - performing numerous individual simplification exercises or developing a general methodology - are explained. The results of a study of eliminating the soluble poison control function in PWRs are reported. Design, reliability, safety, licensing, economics and alternative schemes are addressed but no conclusive answer is achieved. Given the inadequacies of this exercise, a comprehensive simplification process including criteria definition, proposal prioritization and specification, development of an analytical evaluation model, implementation and data requirements is proposed. The reported work demonstrates the complexity of the design simplification process but also provides a framework for future progress.
Transcriptional regulation of rat γ-glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit gene is mediated through a distal antioxidant response element

Abstract Despite it being a quintessential Phase II detoxification gene, the transcriptional regulation of the rat γ-glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) is controversial. Computer-based sequence analysis identified three putative antioxidant response elements (AREs) at positions −889 to −865 (ARE1), −3170 to −3146 (ARE2) and −3901 to −3877 (ARE3) in the 5′-flanking region of the transcriptional start site. Transfections of individual ARE-luciferase reporter gene constructs into H4IIE cells, a rat hepatoma cell line, identified ARE3 as the functional promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays using primary rat hepatocytes showed that the transcription factor Nrf2, which is known to regulate ARE-mediated genes, is associated with ARE3. Co-transfection of H4IIE cells with luciferase reporter plasmids containing Gclc ARE3 and an Nrf2 expression plasmid resulted in a 3-fold activation of ARE3-mediated transcription relative to controls. “Loss-of-function” analysis for Nrf2 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) revealed that ARE3-mediated expression was significantly impaired while site-directed mutagenesis of the ARE3-luciferase reporter abolished Nrf2-mediated induction. Treatment with two known Nrf2 inducers, R -(α)-lipoic acid and anetholedithiolethione, showed that the inducible expression of the GCLC gene was also regulated by the ARE3 element. Taken together, these results show that Nrf2 regulates the constitutive expression of rat Gclc through a distal ARE present in its 5′-flanking region. This is the first report showing that rat Gclc is under the transcriptional control of the Nrf2-ARE pathway on a constitutive basis.
Dirichlet problem for a class of second order nonlinear elliptic systems

In this paper, we first discuss the Petrovskii's ellipticity of a class of nonlinear systems of partial differential equations and then study the Dirichlet problem for the system. A representation of the solution to the Dirichlet problem is obtained and existence theorem is proven.
Synthesis of 5‐methylmercaptopyrimidine nucleosides

The synthesis of a series of new nucleosides, including ribo-, 2′-deoxyribo- and arabinofuranosides of 5-(S-methyl)mercapto-substituted uracil, 4-thiouracil, and cytosine is described. The synthetic methods employed include condensation reactions of the silylated pyrimidine with blocked sugar halides, as well as transformations of both the base and sugar moieties. The separated α and β anomers were identified by nmr spectra as well as by unambiguous synthetic routes or interconversions.