cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Assessment of Dried Blood-Spot Technology for Identifying Iron Deficiency

The present study was undertaken to assess the feasibility of using ferritin and transferrin receptor measurements on dried capillary blood spots to identify iron deficiency (ID) in public health surveys. Measurements on serum and blood spots prepared from venous blood were performed in 71 healthy subjects, 41 of whom were iron-replete and 30 who had ID, either without (n = 20) or with (n = 10) anemia. Parallel measurements were performed on hemolyzed whole blood and washed hemolyzed red blood cells to assess the erythrocyte contribution of ferritin and transferrin receptor to dried blood samples. The concentration of ferritin in dried blood samples was threefold higher than serum assays due to the release of ferritin from hemolyzed erythrocytes, which diminished the usefulness of ferritin measurements for detecting ID. On the other hand, there was negligible erythrocyte contribution to the measurement of transferrin receptor in dried blood spots. The most sensitive parameter in dried blood spots was the ratio of receptor/ferritin, which was suitable for identifying iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), but less reliable than serum assays for detecting milder ID without anemia. We conclude that tandem measurements of serum ferritin and transferrin receptor in dried blood spots can be used to facilitate the identification of IDA in epidemiologic studies.
University of Nebraska Medical Center Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility

CF-12 The UNMC Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility offers a broad range of services, such as ESI and MALDI protein identification using Mascot and Sequest Algorithms, iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics, MRM protein quantitation, and molecular weight determination for proteins, peptides and small molecules. Phosphoproteomics profiling is under development. The facility is equipped with LTQ Orbitrap ETD, 4800 MALDI TOF-TOF, 4000 Q TRAP and LCQ Deca Plus, all with supporting nano-LC systems. Although the majority of users are investigators from UNMC, we also provide services for other outside academics and corporations. For further information, visit our website: www.unmc.edu/mspcf.
Spiritual Capital as Practical Wisdom for Management

The social sciences are replete with a mature literature and treatments, both empirical and theoretical, on culture and economic development (see the “Annotated Bibliography” on this topic by Fred Van Dyke, AuSable Institute, Madison, WI, 1996). The concepts of social capital and human capital are by now rich and extend beyond economics to management, human resources, political science, and sociology. Indeed, both have become in recent decades important, twin pillars in capitalism and democracy. They each operate at individual, corporate, societal, and global levels. Spiritual capital has come to prominence in recent years due to the combination of three related trends: the failure of secularization/modernization theories to account for reality, a rise in religiosity globally, and the lack of ethics and virtue evidenced in the financial crisis and an ongoing plague of corporate scandals. Conceptions of spiritual capital on offer range from those by Fogel to Coleman to Berger and Putnam (see reference section of this chapter) and appear more regularly in the economic and social science literature and popular accounts. In that sense, the concept of “spiritual capital” is truly emerging.
Magee Equation Recurrence Score Is Associated With Distal Metastatic Risk in Male Breast Carcinomas: Experience From Two Institutions.

Objectives To conduct a clinicopathologic study of male breast carcinoma with Magee equation recurrence score (RS). Methods Seventy-four cases of male invasive breast cancers (MBCs) were studied, including 63 hormone receptor (HR)-positive, 10 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive, and one triple-negative breast cancers. Results Among 63 HR-positive MBC patients, nine patients developed distal metastasis. Statistical analysis demonstrated distal metastasis was significantly associated with positive lymph node, high Nottingham grade, and increased Magee equation RS. All HR-positive MBCs were further stratified into two categories (low RS <18; intermediate/high RS ≥18). There was a significantly increased risk for distal metastasis in MBCs with intermediate/high Magee equation RS, but no increased risk for lymph node metastasis. Conclusions Our data suggest Magee equation RS may be useful to predict distal metastatic risk in MBC patients.
Higher Education by Design: Best Practices for Curricular Planning and Instruction

Faculty in higher education are disciplinary experts, but they seldom receive formal training in teaching. Higher Education by Design uses the principles of design thinking to bridge this gap through practical examples and step-by-step instructions based on educational theory and best practices in pedagogical and curricular development. This book offers practical advice for effective teaching and instruction, interdisciplinary curricular collaborations, writing course syllabi, creating course outcomes and objectives, planning assessments, and building curricular content. Whether you are a seasoned professor or new instructor, the strategies in this book can improve your practice as an educator.
Ethics of Tax Interpretation

This article joins a somewhat nascent, but growing, body of scholarship addressing the ethical obligation to pay tax. The analysis is grounded to the ethical duty to obey law generally and highlights two competing orientations to statutory interpretation. The norms of self-interested advocacy suggest that tax planners should assert that interpretation that will generate the most wealth for the client. The norms of professional advising, by contrast, direct the tax planner to interpret tax law with reference to plain meaning, interpretive maxims, court precedents, and legislative purpose. When the two orientations differ, the ethical duty to obey law requires the tax planner to recommend, and for the taxpayer to follow, the latter view. Case studies drawn from a Louisiana sales tax avoidance scheme and from Google’s profit-shifting activities illustrate the ethical issues incumbent in tax interpretation.
Psychodynamic psychotherapy for depression in community mental health settings

Abstract This chapter describes how short-term supportive–expressive psychotherapy has been adapted for use in a community mental health setting for the treatment of depression. Our adaptation of supportive–expressive (SE) psychotherapy evolved across our research program evaluating the effectiveness of dynamic psychotherapy in collaboration with a community partner. A stakeholder team of investigators, expert clinicians, community administrators, and community clinicians worked together to adapt the treatment to best meet the needs of patients and therapists working in outpatient community mental health clinics. Our community SE treatment includes five treatment components: alliance building, relationship focus, culturally sensitivity, education, and treatment socialization. This chapter will delineate the therapeutic techniques used to address each of these components in community practice.
Monitoring for seizures in the intensive care unit

Acute symptomatic seizures have been known to occur in critically ill patients for many years. It was not until the widespread use of continuous EEG (cEEG) in the critically ill did we appreciate the incidence of electrographic seizures and status epilepticus in the ICU (Newey and Kinzy, 2018). Many of the seizures that occur are without any apparent clinical signs at the time of the recording. The patients often have convulsive seizures at onset then over the next few hours they lose the ability to have a generalized tonic clonic convulsion. They may then have subtle clinical signs (ictal nystagmus, facial twitching, etc.) or lose any apparent motor response. The end result is that many of the patients lose any clinical signs for their seizures by the time they are in the ICU and their seizures are termed "nonconvulsive." The recognition of seizures in the ICU is important for the effects the seizures have on outcome, particularly in morbidity and mortality and the risk of developing epilepsy after the acute symptomatic event. The use of cEEG in the ICU population has not only highlighted the high incidence of seizure activity but has also been used to assess overall cerebral function with applications in ischemia monitoring and prognostication, and to assess the degree of encephalopathy. This chapter will illustrate the core principles of cEEG monitoring in the critical care population including the incidence of seizures, determining who is at highest risk for seizures, how long patients should be monitored and ICU EEG seizure.
Using Free Online Readings to Teach Introduction to American Government

Several studies have examined using electronic textbooks as compared to print textbooks, or open educational resources (OER) compared to commercial textbooks. Fewer studies, however, examine the use of free or low-cost online readings that are not an OER textbook or assigned in conjunction with a textbook. In my introductory American Government course, all assigned course readings were items that students could access for free online or through the university library. The use of these free or low-cost materials should have provided similar benefits to students as the adoption of an OER textbook typically would, namely cost savings. At the same time, they could have drawbacks similar to OERs and electronic textbooks, such as students having difficulty finding information within the text or accessing materials if they do not have home Internet access. Furthermore, this approach required more preparatory work for the instructor.
Cellular Immunotherapy in Lymphoma: Beyond CART Cells

Cellular immunotherapy has been rapidly evolving and increasingly utilized in the management of relapsed and refractory lymphoma. CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CARTs) have achieved impressive results in pivotal clinical trials. Although CART development continues, these products have fundamental limitations that may make them less desirable in particular settings. For example, CARTs can only target cell surface antigens and thus are incapable of targeting intracellular tumor-associated proteins. In contrast to CARTs, conventional T cell receptors (TCR) allow T cells to target any cellular antigen, including intracellular proteins, since they interact with peptides presented by MHC I and II molecules. T cells recognizing EBV antigens through native TCRs have been successfully employed for treatment and prophylaxis of EBV-associated lymphomas, including post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Currently, transgenic TCR-transduced T cells targeting nonviral tumor antigens remain experimental but, if successful, could become an invaluable cellular therapy option. Because the manufacturing process of autologous T cell products, including CARTs and other tumor-specific T cells, takes several weeks, patients often need bridging therapy to maintain disease control, which may be challenging. Novel cellular platforms, such as genetically modified NK and NKT cells, may be amenable to allogeneic use and thus may allow production as a readily available, “off-the-shelf” product. As cellular therapies beyond CART continue to grow, available therapeutic options for relapsed and refractory lymphoma patients are expected to expand further.
Generating contextual embeddings for emergency department chief complaints

Objective We learn contextual embeddings for emergency department (ED) chief complaints using Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), a state-of-the-art language model, to derive a compact and computationally useful representation for free-text chief complaints. Materials and methods Retrospective data on 2.1 million adult and pediatric ED visits was obtained from a large healthcare system covering the period of March 2013 to July 2019. A total of 355 497 (16.4%) visits from 65 737 (8.9%) patients were removed for absence of either a structured or unstructured chief complaint. To ensure adequate training set size, chief complaint labels that comprised less than 0.01%, or 1 in 10 000, of all visits were excluded. The cutoff threshold was incremented on a log scale to create seven datasets of decreasing sparsity. The classification task was to predict the provider-assigned label from the free-text chief complaint using BERT, with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Embeddings from Language Models (ELMo) as baselines. Performance was measured as the Top-k accuracy from k = 1:5 on a hold-out test set comprising 5% of the samples. The embedding for each free-text chief complaint was extracted as the final 768-dimensional layer of the BERT model and visualized using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE). Results The models achieved increasing performance with datasets of decreasing sparsity, with BERT outperforming both LSTM and ELMo. The BERT model yielded Top-1 accuracies of 0.65 and 0.69, Top-3 accuracies of 0.87 and 0.90, and Top-5 accuracies of 0.92 and 0.94 on datasets comprised of 434 and 188 labels, respectively. Visualization using t-SNE mapped the learned embeddings in a clinically meaningful way, with related concepts embedded close to each other and broader types of chief complaints clustered together. Discussion Despite the inherent noise in the chief complaint label space, the model was able to learn a rich representation of chief complaints and generate reasonable predictions of their labels. The learned embeddings accurately predict provider-assigned chief complaint labels and map semantically similar chief complaints to nearby points in vector space. Conclusion Such a model may be used to automatically map free-text chief complaints to structured fields and to assist the development of a standardized, data-driven ontology of chief complaints for healthcare institutions.
Bilingual educators: What is our role during and beyond a health and social crisis?

This issue is published at a time of challenges and unrest across the country and the world. During the Spring of 2020 efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19 impacted the lives of children, fami...
Intelligible and Explainable Machine Learning: Best Practices and Practical Challenges

Learning methods such as boosting and deep learning have made ML models harder to understand and interpret. This puts data scientists and ML developers in the position of often having to make a tradeoff between accuracy and intelligibility. Research in IML (Interpretable Machine Learning) and XAI (Explainable AI) focus on minimizing this trade-off by developing more accurate interpretable models and by developing new techniques to explain black-box models. Such models and techniques make it easier for data scientists, engineers and model users to debug models and achieve important objectives such as ensuring the fairness of ML decisions and the reliability and safety of AI systems. In this tutorial, we present an overview of various interpretability methods and provide a framework for thinking about how to choose the right explanation method for different real-world scenarios. We will focus on the application of XAI in practice through a variety of case studies from domains such as healthcare, finance, and bias and fairness. Finally, we will present open problems and research directions for the data mining and machine learning community. What audience will learn: When and how to use a variety of machine learning interpretability methods through case studies of real-world situations. The difference between glass-box and black-box explanation methods and when to use them. How to use open source interpretability toolkits that are now available
BER Analysis and Optimization of Direct Antenna Modulation for Magnetic Induction Communication

The wireless communication range of RF (Radio Frequency) signals in underground environments is limited due to the short skin depth and geometric inhomogeneity. Magnetic induction-based near field communication using long-wavelength signals provides a low-power, low-cost, and long-range solution. Due to the fundamental limitation of antenna bandwidth, the data rate of magnetic induction communication is small, especially using LF or VLF carrier frequencies. Recently, this limitation has been addressed by the use of direct antenna modulation (DAM). Although DAM-based antennas have been widely developed and accepted, it is not clear how to design optimal receivers to build an integrated communication system. In this paper, the bit error rate (BER) of two receiving architectures for magnetic induction communication with DAM using an integrator and a correlator are studied. The demodulation schemes are introduced and analyzed. Analytical models are developed, optimized, and compared.
A Missed Diagnosis: A Lifetime of Endurance

All of us dread a missed or an incorrect diagnosis and its dire consequences. In this chapter, the author describes the chilling story of Clara he first met in March 2005, when she was admitted to the coronary care unit of the Mount Sinai Medical Center. She suffered from heart failure due to a cardiomyopathy, as well as atrial fibrillation, and asthma. For years, she was treated as having run of the mill asthma. It turned out that she suffered from a rare disease known as Churg-Strauss syndrome first described at our institution in 1951. The author narrates her trials and tribulations over several years.
Immunotherapy: From Discovery to Bedside

Immunotherapy has the promise of effectively treating cancer with more discrimination and less side effects compared to conventional cancer treatments. To date, immunotherapy has not been able to cure most cancers and challenges with this class raise many more questions about the interplay among the immune system, tumor cells, and their surrounding microenvironment. Improving our understanding of these relationships has yielded innumerable targets for new treatments in the immune-oncology space. Herein we review the broad categories of immunotherapy, as well as discuss the pathway(s) for bringing promising treatments to the clinic. Challenges posed by immune-oncology therapies have led to shifts in approaches to clinical trials and we will discuss these as well.
Is extended release naltrexone superior to buprenorphine-naloxone to reduce drinking among outpatients receiving treatment for opioid use disorder? A secondary analysis of the CTN X:BOT trial

BACKGROUND The comparative effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone versus buprenorphine-naloxone for opioid relapse prevention (X:BOT) trial showed that following induction, treatment with the sublingual agonist (buprenorphine-naloxone, BUP-NX) or injected antagonist (extended release naltrexone, XR-NTX) produced similar reductions in opioid relapse in injection users with opioid use disorder (OUD). Because XR-NTX reduces drinking in alcohol use disorder (AUD), we conducted a secondary analysis of the X:BOT sample of patients successfully inducted onto treatment to determine whether XR-NTX (n = 204) was superior to BUP-NX (n = 270) in reducing drinking or heavy drinking in patients with OUD. METHODS Standard drink units consumed were measured using the Timeline Follow-back method. Mixed-models regression was used to examine the monthly frequency of any drinking and heavy drinking over 6 months of treatment. We used a proportional hazard survival analysis to examine the time to first drink. RESULTS Both treatment groups reduced drinking from baseline to posttreatment (small to medium effect), but no differences between groups were detected. However, only 29% (n = 136) of the sample had AUD and 19% (n = 26/136) of those were abstinent before treatment. Analysis of a subsample enriched for possible drinking included 136 individuals with an AUD diagnosis plus 43 who did not have AUD, but reported at least one day of heavy drinking prior to the study. However, this subsample reported only 32% of days of any drinking with a median of only 13% of days designated as "heavy." Within this subsample, at baseline, the BUP-NX group reported more mean drinks per drinking day than the XR-NTX group (p = 0.03); however, there were no other significant group differences on drinking observed before, during, or at the end of treatment. CONCLUSIONS There was an overall reduction in drinking during treatment of OUD using both agonist and antagonist medications, so that the hypothesis that XR-NTX would be superior to BUP-NX was not supported. The study is limited by low levels of comorbid AUD or heavy drinking observed in X:BOT trial participants seeking treatment for OUD.
Target Detection and Imaging Using a Stepped-Frequency Ultra-Wideband Radar

Interest in ultra-wideband radar systems for target detection, identification and imaging arises from both the clutter suppression capability of the radar and its potentially high resolution. Several time-domain radar systems have been tested1,2 but difficulties in the generation, radiation and reception of high-energy pulses, and the potential for interference with existing communications systems, make the construction of a time-domain system problematic. The Naval Ocean Systems Center is developing an alternative radar system, which will have several hundred narrow band channels within a 1 GHz bandwidth centered in C or X-band. The data gathered by this system can be used to synthesize equivalent time-domain target responses for detection or identification.
Unitary Symmetries of Hadrons

This chapter deals with further consequences of the quark model, such as a simple explanation of the tendency, displayed by hadron species in nature, to form groupings known as SU(n) multiplets, 2 ≤ n ≤ 6. The latter property is known as the SU(n) symmetry and includes, as a special case with n = 2, the isospin symmetry discussed in Chapter 2.
A Brief History of Structural Equation Models

Though structural equation models today are usually associated with soft problems in the social sciences, they had their origin in the natural sciences—specifically biology. Europe’s nineteenth-century scholars were challenged to make sense of the diverse morphologies observed during an age of explorations, in Asia, Africa, and the Americas, as well as at home. In this period, new species of plants and animals were transplanted, domesticated, eaten, and bred at an unprecedented rate. An American ultimately provided one statistical tool that allowed scholars to build a science out of their diverse observations.
Measures and models of personality and their effects on communication and team performance

Abstract The importance of teams and their impact on the contemporary workplace cannot be overstated. Many studies have been conducted to point to specific relevant factors related to team performance. Nonetheless, there remains relatively little that is known about the mechanisms and interactions that lead to high performing teams. In this study we consider communication (a key feature of teamwork) as a potentially mediating factor between each aspect of human personality (as measured by the Five Factor Model) and team performance. This exploratory study sheds further light on how personalities affect teams via communication, using a structural equation modeling approach. Results indicate that at least one team measure of extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, and openness is moderated by communication in influencing team performance. Relevance to industry This research can aid managers on the relative importance of personality metrics on team performance, as well as the nature of the relationships among these metrics. This has the potential to improve organizational performance and reinforces the need for communication in fostering teamwork.
Systems of systems as communicating structures

By Systems of Systems (SoS) we mean large-scale distributed systems the components of which are complex systems themselves (e.g. enterprise intranets). Communicating Structures are represent SoS in a uniform, systematic way as composition of a small number of basic system objects and notions.
An Algebraic Framework for Data Abstraction in Hardware Description

The aim of this work is to extend a standard treatment of data types to a foundation for hardware synthesis. Hardware synthesis exposes several problems not typically considered in software oriented theories. These include architectural constraints in the use of type instances, parallelism in the use of multiple instances, and consolidation of distinct types in a common process. Since we are concerned with the question of incorporating (more) concrete implementations of (more) abstract types found in higher levels of specification, our foundation must address these aspects of description. The paper begins with a condensed example of a stack based processor operating on a standard memory. This specification is compared to a target description in which both the stack and the memory are implemented by a single memory process. The remainder of the paper formalizes issues raised in the example.
SIMULATION OF CLOSURE: EFFECTS ON CRACK DETECTION PROBABILITY AND STRESS DISTRIBUTIONS

It is well known that partial contact of two rough crack surfaces will lead to transmission of an acoustic signal across the crack, thus giving rise to a reduced probability of detection (POD). To explore the effects and consequences of such partial contact, impression experiments—using small spheres—have been performed to determine the effects of contact area on the amplitude transmitted. The results have been compared with a theory described elsewhere in these Proceedings. Based on the experimental results it will be speculated that the residual stress field responsible for the crack closure may be calculated based on a determination of the size and separation of the contact areas.
A substrate triggered lateral bipolar circuit for high voltage tolerant ESD protection applications

In this work, a substrate triggered HV tolerant lateral NPN (LNPN) design is presented for a fully salicided, 0.35 /spl mu/m, 90 /spl Aring/ gate oxide, thin-epi, retrograde n-well, bulk CMOS technology. The design is highly independent of power rail capacitance, exhibits reduced pin leakages at elevated temperatures and is fully compatible with the baseline process. The design has been shown to achieve over 2 kV of HBM performance for all positive discharge stress modes, which are the most difficult to protect against in epi processes.
COMMENTS ON THE SELECTION AND USE OF SYMPTOM RATING SCALES FOR RESEARCH IN PHARMACOTHERAPY.

Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes the problems involved in using rating scales as criteria for behavior change in psychopharmacological research. An exhaustive recent survey of the use of symptom rating scales in neuropsychopharmacology revealed numerous appreciable contrasts between accepted psychometric conventions and applications of rating scale procedures.Clinical investigators continue to turn to symptom rating scales as dependent variables for their therapeutic inquiries because pathological behavioral manifestations remain the primary object of concern. Semantic factors, which qualify validity, are also important considerations in a discussion of reliability, and certain scaling conventions have implications both for validity and for reliability. The current tolerance for patently inadequate assessment procedures may have its origins in an understandable predisposition among investigators to interpret their purposes in terms of simplified research designs, that is, to perceive their experimental requirements in terms of the classical model of one dependent variable and one independent variable.
Estimation of maximum Doppler frequency for handoff decisions

A previous paper considered the problem of adaptively determining the measurement averaging interval for handoffs through the estimation of the maximum Doppler frequency, f/sub D/. The investigation is continued with refined estimates for f/sub D/ and approaches to bias correction. An exact analysis for the f/sub D/ estimate as a function of the squared deviations of the logarithmically compressed signal envelope is presented. An extension of the algorithm for robustness in a Rician fading environment is given. The performance of the algorithm in the presence of additive Gaussian noise is analyzed. The role of the noise bandwidth is quantified. The effect of cochannel interference on the estimate is negligible.
Effective action and cluster properties of the abelian Higgs model

We continue our program to establish the Higgs mechanism and mass gap for the abelian Higgs model in two and three dimensions. We develop a multiscale cluster expansion for the high frequency modes of the theory, within a framework of iterated renormalization group transformations. The expansions yield decoupling properties needed for a proof of exponential decay of correlations. The result of this analysis is a gauge invariant unit lattice theory with a deep Higgs potential of the shape required to exhibit the Higgs mechanism.
Prediction of Gas Permeability Through Multiple-Ply Composite Laminates

Polymer matrix composites are candidate materials for cryogenic tanks for Crew Exploration Vehicles and Crew Launch Vehicles planned by NASA for future space missions. However gas leakage through microcracks and delaminations remains as a critical problem that needs to be solved. In the present work, gas permeability mechanism through multiple ply laminates is investigated. Different from the through matrix cracks in cross ply laminates, stitch cracks are observed in angle-ply laminates during experimentation. Stacking sequences [0/θn /90]s are investigated. From experimental observations presented in the literature, stitch cracks seem to develop in angle plies depending on the value of θ and n. A representative volume element (RVE) is analyzed by three-dimensional finite element method (FEM). Two methods are used to calculate the energy release rate: three-dimensional J-integral by ABAQUS 6.5™ and strain energy difference of RVEs before and after crack propagation. Based on energy release rate, the mechanisms and other parameters that control the creation and propagation of stitch cracks are investigated. The results will lead to the development of a relation between loads and the number of stitch cracks and their lengths. The permeation model is based on Darcy's law for porous materials. By integrating Darcy's law in the thickness direction of the composite laminate, the gas permeability can finally be expressed in terms of crack densities and crack opening displacements (COD). Three-dimensional FE analyses will be performed to find out COD for a given crack density and crack length. The results for gas permeability obtained through the simulations will be compared to the experimental results of cross ply laminates from previous work to understand the effects of laminate configuration on gas permeability.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
A spatially oriented decision does not induce consciousness in a motor task

Abstract Visual information follows at least two branches in the human nervous system, following a common input stage: a cognitive “what” branch governs perception and experience, while a sensorimotor “how” branch handles visually guided behavior though its outputs are unconscious. The sensorimotor system is probed with an isomorphic task, requiring a 1:1 relationship between target position and motor response. The cognitive system, in contrast, is probed with a forced qualitative decision, expressed verbally, about the location of a target. Normally, the cognitive system is influenced by context-induced illusions of visual direction, while the sensorimotor system is not. Here, we inquire whether the process of making a spatially based decision is critical in forcing subjects to use the information in the cognitive system for spatial tasks. Subjects hear a tone that determines whether they jab an “X” or an “O'' with the forefinger. Despite making a decision about which target to contact, the jab is not influenced by the position of a surrounding frame, indicating that choice can be handled within the context-insensitive sensorimotor system.
Mechanisms of light-charged-particle emission in the matched reactions 905 and 1030 MeV 121Sb + 27A1 and 550 and 750 MeV 86Kr + 63Cu

Abstract Emission of 4 He and 1 H has been studied in the reactions 905 and 1030 MeV 121 Sb + 27 Al and 550 and 750 MeV 86 Kr + 63 Cu, which lead to similar composite systems of 149 Tb ∗ (or 148 Gd ∗ ). Energy spectra and angular distributions were measured for the light charged particles in coincidence with heavy fragments from fusion-fission (FF) and deeply inelastic reactions (DIR). These emissions are well described by three primary sources: the detected and partner (undetected) fragments (FE), and the composite system prior to scission (CE). The multiplicities derived for 1 H and 4 He in coincidence with fission-like fragments or projectile-like fragments are much smaller than those associated with evaporation residues (ER). The multiplicity data indicate that the probability for CE emission decreases with increasing spin of the emitter. The characteristics of the CE particles detected in coincidence with DIR and FF are consistent with emission from a strongly distorted nuclear system en route toward scission. Strong evidence is presented confirming near-scission emission (NSE) as an additional source of charged particles. Comparisons of particle multiplicities for matched reactions revealed substantial differences in the FF and DIR processes which can be understood as resulting from different spin zones in the entrance channels.
Plasmon model for final-state relaxation effects in connection with core-level excitations in metals

A model is presented for calculating the change in the energy of a deep-lying atomic core hole in a metal due to the screening effect of the conduction electrons. The model is highly simplified in that it treats only the plasmon excitations of the conduction electrons but, nevertheless, it seems to contain much of the essential physics. The screening energy is related to the real part of the core-hole self-energy, which is calculated to lowest order. The coupling vertices describing the interaction of the core hole with the surface and bulk plasmons depend on the distance of the core hole from the surface, and hence the screening energy change of the core hole also depends upon this quantity. If the usual approximation is made of assuming dispersionless infinite-lifetime plasmons out to some cutoff wave vector, an exact, analytical expression can be obtained for the self-energy which agrees with the predictions of classical electrostatics when the core hole is far away from the surface. Estimates of the screening-energy difference between a core hole at the surface and one in the bulk are made for Ti, Cr, and Ni and the results compared with values extracted from experimental core-level binding-energy differences between surface and bulk atoms. The magnitude of the effect depends rather sensitively on the choice of cutoff wave vectors. More elaborate calculations of the surface and bulk plasmon contributions to the screening energy are made for Al, where the plasmon lifetimes and dispersion relations are experimentally known quantities, and the results compared with the predictions of the approximation which assumes a dispersionless infinite-lifetime plasmon. In the context of this model a core hole at the surface is screened more effectively than one in the bulk.
Cohesive particle mixing and segregation under shear

Mixing and segregation is important to industries ranging from food to pharmaceuticals to ceramics. Despite the fact that there have been significant advances recently in the understanding of both free-flowing and cohesive particles, the effects of cohesion on particulate mixing and segregation in even the simplest devices is not well understood. In this paper, we theoretically and experimentally examine the cohesive (here, liquid-bridge induced) mixing and segregation in an annular shear cell. We extend previous theoretical arguments for pseudo-static particle systems to sheared beds and use our theory to develop phase diagrams that correctly predict cohesive particle mixing/segregation. Interestingly, under certain conditions mixing is stronger for small shear rates (i.e., slower stirring) than for high shear rates (i.e., faster stirring).
Improved frequency stability of the tea CO2 laser

Abstract A method of reducing the frequency chirp in the TEA CO2 laser is investigated. Experimental results show improved frequency stability as a result of this method.
The role of carotid duplex scanning in surgical decision making.

Abstract Eighty-one patients suspected of having cerebrovascular disease had 157 carotid arterial systems studied by both duplex ultrasonography and contrast arteriography to better define the role of carotid duplex scanning in the surgical decision-making process. These studies were reviewed in a blinded fashion in conjunction with history and physical examination data by two surgeons, one operating on only symptomatic lesions, the other operating on both symptomatic and asymptomatic lesions. Results were analyzed to ascertain if there was agreement regarding decisions for carotid endarterectomy based on scan findings compared with decisions based on arteriographic findings. Scans were also compared with arteriograms and data were analyzed by decision matrix analysis. The accuracy of duplex scanning in relation to arteriography was 81% for detection of disease, 90% for the detection of ulceration, 83% for the detection of a critical stenosis, and 99% for the detection of total arterial occlusion. There was agreement between the two studies regarding the need for carotid surgery in 91% and 89% of carotid arteries, according to surgeons A and B, respectively. Regardless of the surgeons' indications for carotid endarterectomy, duplex ultrasonography provides sufficient information for proper surgical decision making in a high percentage of patients. The accuracy of duplex scanning and the risks of contrast arteriography suggest a possible future role for the routine use of duplex ultrasonography with selective utilization of arteriography in the surgical decision-making process in patients being evaluated for cerebrovascular occlusive disease. (J VASC SURG 1985;2:15-25.)
A Case Study of the Coping Power Program for Angry and Aggressive Youth

This paper illustrates the application of the Coping Power program with an 11-year-old boy and his father. Coping Power is a manualized preventive intervention for school-age children at-risk for disruptive and delinquent behavior. Cognitive-behavioral techniques are taught in separate child and parent groups to improve children’s social and emotional competencies. This case study highlights the core content of the Coping Power child and parent intervention components, the contextual social cognitive risk factors that the program targets, and the empirical support for the program’s effectiveness.
Clinical effects and toxicity of interleukin-2 in patients with cancer

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a 15,000 dalton glycoprotein produced naturally by human T-cells during an immune response. IL-2 has been demonstrated to have substantial activity alone or in combination with the adoptive transfer of lymphokine-activated killer cells in murine tumor models. IL-2 derived from both natural (Jurkat human T-cell tumor) and recombinant (Escherichia coli) sources has been studied in Phase I protocols designed to evaluate toxicity in patients with a variety of solid tumors and to ascertain improvement in clinical parameters and immunologic status. A total of 16 patients (7 with acquired immune deficiency syndrome [AIDS] and 9 with non-AIDS malignancies) were treated with Jurkat derived IL-2. The total maximum dose (1.3 X 10(5) U/kg) was limited only by supply of this reagent. A total of 25 patients have been treated with recombinant IL-2 (RIL-2) alone. Dose-limiting toxicity manifested by marked malaise and weight gain was achieved with doses of RIL-2 of 10(6) U/kg as a single bolus or 3000 U/kg/hr. IL-2 could be administered intraperitoneally with similar toxicity. Minimal renal or hepatic toxicity was demonstrated. Hematologic toxicity was limited to mild anemia (25/25), thrombocytopenia (10/25), and marked reversible eosinophilia (15/25). Pronounced weight gain greater than 2 kg (16/25) occurred in most patients, primarily those who received cumulative doses of greater than 1-3 X 10(5) U/kg of IL-2. The weight gain amounted to as much as 10% to 20% of the pretreatment weight over 3 weeks of treatment and limited our ability to give higher doses. Two partial responses (greater than 50% decrease in cross sectional diameters) were seen in two patients with melanoma metastatic to the lung.
Parameter estimations of mutually T-related fuzzy variables

Abstract Cai (Fuzzy Sets and Systems 55 (1993) 179–185) discussed parameter estimation methods for normal fuzzy variables in Nahmias’ sense. In this paper, we investigate more the parameter estimations of general T -related not necessarily normal fuzzy variables.
Minimal translation of the tmRNA tag-coding region is required for ribosome release

Abstract The trans-translation system in bacteria promotes recycling of stalled ribosomes and targets incomplete peptides for proteolysis. In Escherichia coli , loss of trans-translation function has little effect on growth under normal laboratory conditions. Among the subtle phenotypes of tmRNA-deficient mutants is the inability to plate certain λ imm P22 phages. This phenotype is dependent on the ribosome recycling functions of the trans-translation system but is independent of its proteolysis-targeting activity. The experiments described here show that translation of the first (resume) codon of the tmRNA open reading frame by a tRNA is both necessary and sufficient for ribosome recycling. While a variety of sense codons can replace the naturally-occurring GCA alanine codon as the resume codon, both AAA and AAG lysine codons are non-functional resume codons. These results suggest that the main function of tmRNA in releasing stalled ribosomes is to supply a stop codon and so facilitate termination and subsequent ribosome recycling.
An Envelope-Tracking Hybrid Field-Circuit Simulator for Narrowband Analysis of Nonlinearly Loaded Wire Antennas

An envelope-tracking hybrid field-circuit simulator is proposed for efficiently analyzing narrowband scattering from wire antennas loaded with nonlinear devices. The simulator models the interactions of fields with wires and lumped elements by coupling and simultaneously solving the thin-wire electric field integral equation and Kirchhoff's equations, respectively. The coupled nonlinear system of equations is iteratively solved by a time marching scheme that represents the fields, voltages, and currents of interest (signals) as a truncated series of harmonic sinusoids (carriers) multiplied with complex-valued time-varying coefficients (envelopes). Unlike time-domain simulators, which sample the signals at a rate proportional to their maximum frequency content, the proposed envelope-tracking simulator samples the envelopes at a rate proportional to their maximum bandwidth; thus, it requires significantly fewer time-steps when solving narrowband problems. Moreover, the envelope-tracking simulator is generally more accurate than its time-domain counterpart because of smaller integration and interpolation errors. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed simulator improves the tradeoff between accuracy and computation time, especially when analyzing antennas excited by narrowband signals or loaded with weakly nonlinear devices.
In with the old and out with the new? A comparison of the old and new binge drinking standards.

BACKGROUND: There is consistent evidence that the binge drinking standard of 5+ drinks per drinking occasion for men (4+ for women) is associated with risk for negative consequences. Yet, many have questioned the adequacy of this measure as an index of intoxication (e.g., a blood alcohol concentration [BAC] of 0.08 g%). In response to these concerns, a National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism task force recommended adding a time qualifier of 2 hours to this criterion. Although conceptually appealing, there has been little effort to determine whether this new measure better captures drinking that leads to negative consequences. METHODS: This study examined the new binge standard (2-hour period) and old binge standard (no time qualifier) in relation to frequency of drinking to an estimated BAC of 0.08 g% and the experience of negative drinking consequences. These relations were examined within both a social drinking sample of adults (N = 200) and a sample of heavy-drinking young adults (N = 168) participating in a randomized clinical trial for drinking reduction. RESULTS: Contrary to the purpose of adding a time qualifier, the new binge measure was not more strongly correlated with drinking to an estimated BAC of 0.08 g% relative to the old binge measure. In addition, when both measures were entered simultaneously into a regression model, only the old binge measure accounted for significant variance in negative drinking consequences. CONCLUSIONS: These empirically based results suggest that the original binge standard without a time qualifier may be preferable to the 2-hour standard as a marker for risk. The findings also suggest that further efforts are needed to identify a brief measure that effectively captures drinking to intoxication and related risk for negative consequences. Language: en
Cognitive behavioral interventions with persons affected by HIV/AIDS

The AIDS epidemic continues to have devastating physical and psychosocial effects worldwide. Through their involvement in health psychology and empirically based techniques, cognitive behavior therapists are in unique positions to help HIV-affected populations significantly. To date, most of this involvement has been through risk reduction interventions, but increasingly, therapists are called upon to offer more traditional mental health care to adults, children, adolescents, and families affected by HIV/AIDS. HIV disease is conceptualized as a chronic medical condition with unique life-threatening illnesses and psychosocial stresses that affect one's ability to cope, effective daily functioning, and quality of life. This paper describes such factors and suggests approaches for intervention from individual adult, child, and family perspectives. Although many strategies may be adapted from work with other populations and from basic fields of cognitive and behavioral research, there are unique challenges facing persons with HIV/AIDS that affect the context in which services may be delivered effectively. Recommended readings are also offered for more detailed discussions of selected topics.
Membrane Topological Analysis of the Proton-Coupled Folate Transporter (PCFT-SLC46A1) by the Substituted Cysteine Accessibility Method

The proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT) mediates intestinal folate absorption. Loss-of-function mutations in this gene are the molecular basis for the autosomal recessive disorder, hereditary folate malabsorption. In this study, the substituted cysteine accessibility method was utilized to localize extra- or intracellular loops connecting predicted PCFT transmembrane domains. Cysteine-less PCFT was generated by replacement of all seven cysteine residues with serine and was shown to be functional, following which cysteine residues were introduced into predicted loops. HeLa cells, transiently transfected with these PCFT mutants, were then labeled with an impermeant, cysteine-specific biotinylation reagent (MTSEA-biotin) with or without permeabilization of cells. The biotinylated proteins were precipitated by streptavidin beads and assessed by Western blotting analysis. The biotinylation of PCFT was further confirmed by blocking cysteine residues with impermeant 2-sulfonatoethyl methanethiosulfonate. Tw...