cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expression profiling of cardiac genes in human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: insight into the pathogenesis of phenotypes.

Abstract OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to identify genes upregulated in the heart in human patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a genetic disease caused by mutations in contractile sarcomeric proteins. The molecular basis of diverse clinical and pathologic phenotypes in HCM remains unknown. METHODS We performed polymerase chain reaction-select complementary DNA subtraction between normal hearts and hearts with HCM and screened subtracted libraries by Southern blotting. We sequenced the differentially expressed clones and performed Northern blotting to detect increased expression levels. RESULTS We screened 288 independent clones, and 76 clones had less than twofold increase in the signal intensity and were considered upregulated. Sequence analysis identified 36 genes including those encoding the markers of pressure overload-induced (“secondary”) cardiac hypertrophy, cytoskeletal proteins, protein synthesis, redox system, ion channels and those with unknown function. Northern blotting confirmed increased expression of skeletal muscle alpha-actin (ACTA1), myosin light chain 2a (MLC2a), GTP-binding protein Gs-alpha subunit (GNAS1), NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase (NDUFB10), voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), four-and-a-half LIM domain protein 1 (FHL1) (also known as SLIM1), sarcosin (SARCOSIN) and heat shock 70kD protein 8 (HSPA8) by less than twofold. Expression levels of ACTA1, MLC2aand GNAS1were increased in six additional and FHL1in four additional hearts with HCM. CONCLUSIONS A diverse array of genes is upregulated in the heart in human patients with HCM, which could account for the diversity of clinical and pathologic phenotypes. Markers of secondary hypertrophy are also upregulated, suggesting commonality of pathways involved in HCM and the acquired forms of cardiac hypertrophy. Elucidation of the role of differentially expressed genes in HCM could provide for new therapeutic targets.
Evidence of Connective Tissue Involvement in Acupuncture

Acupuncture needle manipulation gives rise to “needle grasp,” a biomechanical phenomenon characterized by an increase in the force necessary to pull the needle out of the tissue (pullout force). This study investigates the hypothesis that winding of connective tissue, rather than muscle contraction, is the mechanism responsible for needle grasp. We performed 1) measurements of pullout force in humans with and without needle penetration of muscle; 2) measurements of pullout force in anesthetized rats, with and without needle rotation, followed by measurements of connective tissue volume surrounding the needle; 3) imaging of rat abdominal wall explants, with and without needle rotation, using ultrasound scanning acoustic microscopy. We found 1) no evidence that increased penetration of muscle results in greater pullout force than increased penetration of subcutaneous tissue; 2) that both pullout force and subcutaneous tissue volume were increased by needle rotation; 3) that increased periodic architectural order was present in subcutaneous tissue with rotation, compared with no rotation. These data support connective tissue winding as the mechanism responsible for the increase in pullout force induced by needle rotation. Winding may allow needle movements to deliver a mechanical signal into the tissue and may be key to acupuncture’s therapeutic mechanism.
A Pretargeted PET Imaging Strategy Based on Bioorthogonal Diels–Alder Click Chemistry

The specificity of antibodies have made immunoconjugates promising vectors for the delivery of radioisotopes to cancer cells; however, their long pharmacologic half-lives necessitate the use of radioisotopes with long physical half-lives, a combination that leads to high radiation doses to patients. Therefore, the development of targeting modalities that harness the advantages of antibodies without their pharmacokinetic limitations is desirable. To this end, we report the development of a methodology for pretargeted PET imaging based on the bioorthogonal Diels–Alder click reaction between tetrazine and transcyclooctene. Methods: A proof-of-concept system based on the A33 antibody, SW1222 colorectal cancer cells, and 64Cu was used. The huA33 antibody was covalently modified with transcyclooctene, and a NOTA-modified tetrazine was synthesized and radiolabeled with 64Cu. Pretargeted in vivo biodistribution and PET imaging experiments were performed with athymic nude mice bearing A33 antigen–expressing, SW1222 colorectal cancer xenografts. Results: The huA33 antibody was modified with transcyclooctene to produce a conjugate with high immunoreactivity, and the 64Cu-NOTA–labeled tetrazine ligand was synthesized with greater than 99% purity and a specific activity of 9–10 MBq/μg. For in vivo experiments, mice bearing SW1222 xenografts were injected with transcyclooctene-modified A33; after allowing 24 h for accumulation of the antibody in the tumor, the mice were injected with 64Cu-NOTA–labeled tetrazine for PET imaging and biodistribution experiments. At 12 h after injection, the retention of uptake in the tumor (4.1 ± 0.3 percent injected dose per gram), coupled with the fecal excretion of excess radioligand, produced images with high tumor-to-background ratios. PET imaging and biodistribution experiments performed using A33 directly labeled with either 64Cu or 89Zr revealed that although absolute tumor uptake was higher with the directly radiolabeled antibodies, the pretargeted system yielded comparable images and tumor-to-muscle ratios at 12 and 24 h after injection. Further, dosimetry calculations revealed that the 64Cu pretargeting system resulted in only a fraction of the absorbed background dose of A33 directly labeled with 89Zr (0.0124 mSv/MBq vs. 0.4162 mSv/MBq, respectively). Conclusion: The high quality of the images produced by this pretargeting approach, combined with the ability of the methodology to dramatically reduce nontarget radiation doses to patients, marks this system as a strong candidate for clinical translation.
Living carbocationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether and the synthesis of poly[isobutylene-b-(isobutyl vinyl ether)]

The MeCH(O-i-Bu)Cl/TiCl 4 /MeCONMe 2 initiating system was found to induce the rapid living carbocationic polymerization (LC ○ ×Pzn) of isobutyl vinyl ether (IBuVE) at -100 o C. Degradation by dealcoholation which usually accompanies the polymerization of alkyl vinyl ethers by strong Lewis acids is «frozen out» at this low temperature and poly(isobutyl vinyl ether)s (PIBuVEs) with theoretical molecular weights up to ca. 40,000 g/mol and narrow molecular weight distributions (M w /M n ≤1.2) are readily obtained.
Individual Differences in the Calibration of Trust in Automation

Objective:The objective was to determine whether operators with an expectancy that automation is trustworthy are better at calibrating their trust to changes in the capabilities of automation, and if so, why.Background:Studies suggest that individual differences in automation expectancy may be able to account for why changes in the capabilities of automation lead to a substantial change in trust for some, yet only a small change for others.Method:In a baggage screening task, 225 participants searched for weapons in 200 X-ray images of luggage. Participants were assisted by an automated decision aid exhibiting different levels of reliability. Measures of expectancy that automation is trustworthy were used in conjunction with subjective measures of trust and perceived reliability to identify individual differences in trust calibration.Results:Operators with high expectancy that automation is trustworthy were more sensitive to changes (both increases and decreases) in automation reliability. This difference ...
An application of fuzzy set ordination to determine tree habitat suitability of sites from a regional data set

. Fuzzy set ordination is employed to evaluate sites on the basis of their suitability for particular tree species. The technique orders sites along an axis defined by the presences and absences of a given species of interest. A rationale is given in terms of noise reduction; in many situations the overall vegetation of a site will reflect habitat conditions better than the presence, absence, or quantitative performance of any single species. A data set of tree presence/absence covering a large part of the southeastern United States was analyzed and habitat suitability scores were calculated for each species. Monte-Carlo tests were used to measure the statistical power of the data set with regard to habitat preferences; 38 of the 49 species have cumulative frequency distributions showing significant departures from random expectation. Most statistically significant habitat preferences seem to be related to geographic range limits located within the study area, but some species found throughout the area also show significant departures from random expectation. The method may find applications in autecological studies of species, selection of representative site conditions for simulation modeling, and the solution of certain technical problems in ordination.
What is mathematical modelling? Exploring prospective teachers' use of experiments to connect mathematics to the study of motion

This paper focuses on the construction, development, and use of mathematical models by prospective science and mathematics teachers enrolled in a university physics course. By studying their involvement in an inquiry-based, experimental approach to learning kinematics, we address a fundamental question about the meaning and role of abstraction in modelling when such approaches involve students encountering and resolving experimental error. We use a “tensions” framework to explore the capability of learners to make necessary connections between abstract mathematical models and physical phenomena.
A Recent Increase in Western U.S. Streamflow Variability and Persistence

Abstract April–September streamflow volume data from 141 unregulated basins in the western United States were analyzed for trends in year-to-year variability and persistence. Decadal time-scale changes in streamflow variability and lag-1-yr autocorrelation (persistence) were observed. The significance of the variability trends was tested using a jackknife procedure involving the random resampling of seasonal flows from the historical record. The 1930s–50s was a period of low variability and high persistence, the 1950s–70s was a period of low variability and antipersistence, and the period after 1980 was highly variable and highly persistent. In particular, regions from California and Nevada to southern Idaho, Utah, and Colorado have recently experienced an unprecedented sequence of consecutive wet years along with multiyear extreme droughts.
Pyroelectric waste heat energy harvesting using relaxor ferroelectric 8/65/35 PLZT and the Olsen cycle

Waste heat can be directly converted into electrical energy by performing the Olsen cycle on pyroelectric materials. The Olsen cycle consists of two isothermal and two isoelectric field processes in the electric displacement versus electric field diagram. This paper reports on the electrical energy generated by lanthanum-doped lead zirconate titanate (8/65/35 PLZT) subjected to the Olsen cycle. The material was alternately dipped into a cold and a hot silicone oil bath under specified electric fields. A maximum energy density of 888 J l−1/cycle was obtained with a 290 µm thick 8/65/35 PLZT sample for temperatures between 25 and 160 °C and electric fields cycled between 0.2 and 7.5 MV m−1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest pyroelectric energy density experimentally measured with multiple cycles. It corresponded to a power density of 15.8 W l−1. The electrical breakdown strength and therefore the energy and power densities of the material increased as the sample thickness was reduced from 720 to 290 µm. Furthermore, a physical model for estimating the energy harvested by ferroelectric relaxors was further validated against experimental data for a wide range of electric fields and temperatures.
Lactoferrin enhances efficacy of the BCG vaccine: comparison between two inbred mice strains (C57BL/6 and BALB/c)

The current vaccine for tuberculosis (TB), an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG), is effective to prevent childhood onset of the disease, but its efficacy is reduced in adults. One strategy to improve the existing vaccine is to develop more effective adjuvants. Lactoferrin, an iron-binding glycoprotein possessing immune modulatory activities, is a promising adjuvant candidate. The studies presented here examine the effect of lactoferrin to enhance efficacy of the BCG vaccine using a vaccination/challenge protocol (8 weeks boost and challenge at 12 weeks post-boost) that focuses on reduction in development of pathological changes to lung tissue. C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice vaccinated with BCG/lactoferrin exhibited protection upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) challenge, showing reduced pulmonary disease pathology and decreased organ bacterial load. In addition, BCG/lactoferrin-treated macrophages isolated from BALB/c mice, which express a relative reduced T(H)1 phenotypic response to MTB antigens compared to the C57BL/6 mouse, were able to activate a higher percentage of IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ splenocytes. Overall, lactoferrin stands as an adjuvant capable of enhancing efficacy of the BCG vaccine through induction of T(H)1 immune responses, even in hosts typically demonstrative of reduced T(H)1 responsiveness to BCG antigens.
Stimulated Photorefractive Scattering and Optical Phase Conjugation

If a single laser beam is incident on a photorefractive crystal of barium titanate, a phase-conjugate beam can emerge.1 Nature seems to have a proclivity for producing the phase-conjugate beamf and here I will discuss some of our recent experimental attempts to understand this phenomenon. This study is motivated by a search for a new kind of optical computer, one that can take entire patterns, or images, and transform them to other images. We already know how to do this on a limited scale; for example, we know how to use four-wave mixing to produce the correlation pattern between two images.2 However, what I’d like to discuss here is somewhat different, in that it involves a stimulated process.
Reduction of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli O157:H7 During Processing of Country-cured Hams

ABSTRACT: The country-cured ham process, including curing, equalization, cold-smoked or nonsmoked, and aging up to 6 mo, was validated and showed its effectiveness in achieving a 6-log reduction of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli O157:H7. The viable counts of L. monocytogenes populations decreased to below detection levels after 206 d, Salmonella populations required 122 d, and E. coli O157:H7 required 66 d. However, L. monocytogenes-inoculated hams were positive and Salmonella spp-inoculated and E. coli O157:H7-inoculated hams were negative following enrichment procedures at the end of the aging process. Therefore, the survival of L. monocytogenes on country-cured ham represents a risk.
When Is a Verb? Using Functional Grammar to Teach Writing.

Twenty years ago, Arthur Stern’s article “When Is a Paragraph?” posed a revealing challenge to graduate-level Education students: identify the number of paragraphs into which a piece should be divided and show where the paragraph divisions should occur. Stern’s students divided the 500-word essay into two, three, four, and five paragraphs, and provided credible justifications for their various paragraph arrangements, not all the same but logical, based on ideational shifts. At the same time, when Stern’s English-teacher students self-reported their definitions of a paragraph, they presented a traditional view—a paragraph is a unit of discourse made of several sentences that develop a central idea around an identifiable topic sentence. In essence, their English-teacher conception of a paragraph was as a composition in miniature, based on structural design, rather than the ideational shifts that guided them in the exercise. Stern had uncovered a discrepancy between the operational understanding of the paragraph and student/teacher beliefs about it.
Self-aligned In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As MOSFETs with atomic layer deposited Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , and stacked Al 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 gate dielectrics

The scaling characteristics of self-aligned In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As n-MOSFETs with atomic layer deposited (ALD) Al 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 gate dielectrics are evaluated. Although ZrO 2 shows promise of scalability to lower capacitance equivalent thickness (CET) compared to Al 2 O 3 , stacked bilayer Al 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 gate dielectric enables further improvement in subthreshold swing and transconductance than single ZrO 2 film. In addition, the bilayer design also shows further scalability with merely 5 A Al 2 O 3 while improving the MOSFETs performance.
Recovery of Dynamic Visual Acuity in Bilateral Vestibular Hypofunction

Results: As a group, patients who performed vestibular exercises showed a significant improvement in DVA (P=.001), whereas those performing placebo exercises did not (P=.07). Only type of exercise (ie, vestibular vs placebo) was significantly correlated with change in DVA. Other factors examined, including age, time from onset, initial DVA, and complaints of oscillopsia and disequilibrium, were not significantly correlated with change in DVA. Change in oscillopsia did not correlate with change in DVA. Conclusions: Use of vestibular exercises is the main factor involved in recovery of DVA in patients with BVH. We theorize that exercises may foster the use of centrally programmed eye movements that could substitute for the vestibulo-ocular reflex. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00411216
Fructose- and glucose-conditioned preferences in FVB mice: strain differences in post-oral sugar appetition

Recent studies indicate that, unlike glucose, fructose has little or no post-oral preference conditioning actions in C57BL/6J (B6) mice. The present study determined whether this is also the case f...
Nuclear Receptor Signaling Inhibits HIV-1 Replication in Macrophages through Multiple trans-Repression Mechanisms

Sexually transmitted pathogens activate HIV-1 replication and inflammatory gene expression in macrophages through engagement of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Ligand-activated nuclear receptor (NR) transcription factors, including glucocorticoid receptor (GR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and liver X receptor (LXR), are potent inhibitors of TLR-induced inflammatory gene expression. We therefore hypothesized that ligand-activated NRs repress both basal and pathogen-enhanced HIV-1 replication in macrophages by directly repressing HIV-1 transcription and by ameliorating the local proinflammatory response to pathogens. We show that the TLR2 ligand PAM3CSK4 activated virus transcription in macrophages and that NR signaling repressed both basal and TLR-induced HIV-1 transcription. NR ligand treatment repressed HIV-1 expression when added concurrently with TLR ligands and in the presence of cycloheximide, demonstrating that they act independently of new cellular gene expression. We found that treatment with NR ligands inhibited the association of AP-1 and NF-κB subunits, as well as the coactivator CBP, with the long terminal repeat (LTR). We show for the first time that the nuclear corepressor NCoR is bound to HIV-1 LTR in unstimulated macrophages and is released from the LTR after TLR engagement. Treatment with PPARγ and LXR ligands, but not GR ligands, prevented this TLR-induced clearance of NCoR from the LTR. Our data demonstrate that both classical and nonclassical trans-repression mechanisms account for NR-mediated HIV-1 repression. Finally, NR ligand treatment inhibited the potent proinflammatory response induced by PAM3CSK4 that would otherwise activate HIV-1 expression in infected cells. Our findings provide a rationale for studying ligand-activated NRs as modulators of basal and inflammation-induced HIV-1 replication.
Specialization and matching in professional services firms

Economic theory indicates that firms can match workers to jobs and promote productivity-enhancing specialization better than markets, yet few data exist. We empirically test whether firms enhance matching and specialization in the context of obstetrics. We then examine whether consumers benefit from this. We find that high-risk patients in group practices match with specialists more than patients of solo physicians, and this improves patients’ health outcomes. Matching based on a patient’s clinical need for a cesarean section delivery and a physician’s cesarean section skill also occurs, but less extensively. These results support the hypothesis that firms facilitate matching and specialization.
Phosphorylation of the 27-kDa heat shock protein via p38 MAP kinase and MAPKAP kinase in smooth muscle

The 27-kDa heat shock protein (HSP27) is expressed in a variety of tissues in the absence of stress and is thought to regulate actin filament dynamics, possibly by a phosphorylation/dephosphorylati...
High pT in Nuclear Collisions at the SPS, RHIC, and LHC

We review recent progress in the study of medium-induced modification of jet fragmentation in high energy nuclear collisions at the SPS and RHIC and present an outlook on jet physics at the LHC.
Integration of BMP, RTK, and Wnt Signaling Through Smad1 Phosphorylations

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the integration of three different pathways, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), RTK, and Wnt, at the level of a single transcription factor, Smad1, in the control of the differentiation of the ectoderm into neural or epidermal fates. It also discusses other situations in which Smads are utilized as a platform for the integration of different signaling pathways. During embryonic development, there are multiple situations in which the fibroblast growth factors (FGF)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway cross-talks with BMP signals. The MAPK-dependent phosphorylations of Smad1 are required for the inhibitory effects of BMP/Smads on androgen receptor function, and the integration of MAPK signals on Smad1 has a critical role in the androgen regulation of prostate cancer progression. An analogous mechanism of signal integration has been found for the transcription factors Smad2 and Smad3, which transduce signals of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). The TGFβ growth factor pathway is a very important tumor suppressor in mammals. In Xenopus , the TGFβ molecule activin induces the expression of mesodermal genes in ectodermal cells, but this ability is lost after a certain point of development. This loss of competence correlated with the inability of Smad2 to accumulate in the nucleus, and mutation of conserved MAPK phosphorylation sites (SP) at the linker region of Smad2 prolongs the competence of cells to respond to activin by inducing mesodermal genes. TGFβs are also potent inhibitors of cell proliferation, and have crucial roles in the control of tumorigenesis. Certain types of cancer are resistant to the growth-inhibitory effects of TGFβ. In transformed cell lines with activated oncogenic Ras/MAPK signals, Smad2/3 protein displays elevated phosphorylation at their MAPK sites, which inhibits TGFβ-induced nuclear accumulation.
Relation with Kac-Moody Lie Algebras

33.1.1. Let R′f be the free associative algebra over R with generators \(\theta \,(i \in I)\). As for ′f, which corresponds to the case \(R = Q(\upsilon )\), we have a natural direct sum decomposition \(R\prime{\rm{f}} = \oplus \nu (R\prime{\rm{f}}_\nu )\) where v runs over N[I]; each ′f v is a free R-module of finite rank.
Vectors in Dimensional Analysis

Huntley suggested to increase the number of independent dimensions by employing vector characteristics for some of the parameters. His technique lead to a number of inconsistencies. In some problems, the results are completely in error, e.g., by canceling the dimensional representation of a vector product against the representation of a scalar product of the same two vectors. The difficulty is resolved by introducing the dimensional representation of the unit vectors which enter as additional primary dimensions. The examples illustrated that this may lead to dependence between the primary dimensions. Yet, in many problems, it leads to an increase in the number of independent dimensions as well. This results in a reduction of the resulting dimensionless II-terms.
Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium wolinskyi, a Rapid-Growing Species of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria.

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium wolinskyi is a nonpigmented, rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacterium species that is associated with bacteremia, peritonitis, infections associated with implants/prostheses, and skin and soft tissue infections often following surgical procedures in humans. Here, we report the first functionally annotated draft genome sequence of M. wolinskyi CDC_01.
Eculizumab use in kidney transplantation.

Purpose of reviewEculizumab suppresses the effector functions of the complement system and represents a therapeutic breakthrough for patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria or atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). Safety monitoring is ongoing; so far, most notable is the expected incr
Crystal structure of tetra­kis­(μ-N-phenyl­acetamidato)-κ4N:O;κ4O:N-bis­[(2-methyl­benzo­nitrile-κN)rhodium(II)](Rh—Rh)

The complex molecule of the title compound, [Rh2{N(C6H5)COCH3}4(C8H7N)2], exhibits inversion symmetry. The four acetamidate ligands bridging the dirhodium core are arranged in a 2,2-trans manner with two N atoms and two O atoms coordinating to each RhII atom trans to one another. The Neq—Rh—Rh—Oeq torsion angles on the acetamidate bridge vary between −4.07 (5) and −6.78 (7)°. The axial nitrile ligands complete the distorted octa­hedral coordination sphere of each RhII atom and show a nonlinear coordination with Rh—N—C bond angles of 151.6 (3) and 152.5 (3)°. The bond lengths of the two nitrile triple bonds are 1.133 (5) and 1.137 (5) A.
Synthesis of Nanoparticles from Malleable and Ductile Metals Using Powder-Free, Reactant-Assisted Mechanical Attrition

A reactant-assisted mechanochemical method was used to produce copious nanoparticles from malleable/ductile metals, demonstrated here for aluminum, iron, and copper. The milling media is intentionally degraded via a reactant-accelerated wear process, where the reactant aids particle production by binding to the metal surfaces, enhancing particle production, and reducing the tendency toward mechanochemical (cold) welding. The mechanism is explored by comparing the effects of different types of solvents and solvent mixtures on the amount and type of particles produced. Particles were functionalized with oleic acid to aid in particle size separation, enhance dispersion in hydrocarbon solvents, and protect the particles from oxidation. For aluminum and iron, the result is air-stable particles, but for copper, the suspended particles are found to dissolve when exposed to air. Characterization was performed using electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Density functional theory was used to examine the nature of carboxylic acid binding to the aluminum surface, confirming the dominance of bridging bidentate binding.
Effect of ethionine and ethanol on the function of the perfused rat liver.

SummaryIn vivo administration of ethionine to rats (17 hr before sacrifice) led to in vitro demonstrability of hepatic injury. The adverse effect was reflected in decreased flow of bile, impaired clearance of foreign dyes (BSP and ICG) by the perfused liver, and increased leakage of hepatic enzymes into the perfusate. Perfusion with ethanol led to no further worsening of bile flow or dye excretion but did enhance leakage of enzymes.These observations indicate that, in the perfused liver, the adverse effect of ethionine on the hepatocyte can be reflected by impaired bile flow and dye excretion as well as by leakage of enzymes into the perfusate.Perfusion with ethanol led to additional hepatic injury, evident in enhanced leakage of enzymes, but not demonstrable by additional impairment of bile flow, perhaps already maximally impaired by ethionine.
Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy

Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy often goes unrecognized. We present a case of a 22-year-old man with multiple manifestations of this disease, including weakness, dizziness, fatigue, tachycardia, abnormal QTc, and orthostasis, which occurred 2 years after his type 1 diabetes diagnosis. He exhibited parasympathetic denervation with resting tachycardia and exercise intolerance but also had evidence of orthostatic hypotension, which suggests sympathetic denervation. He did not have complete cardiovascular autonomic reflex testing, which would have been helpful, but improved with aggressive diabetes treatment and the increase of beta-blockade. It is important to identify these patients to understand their signs and symptoms and consider appropriate therapies.
Diffuse Pulmonary Fibrosis

Diffuse pulmonary fibrosis may have many different causes. When roentgenographs examination reveals evidence of this disease, a detailed history should be obtained and a careful physical examination performed. Extensive laboratory procedures often are necessary. Prognosis and treatment depend on the underlying cause and on complications.
A comparison of the thyroxine levels in the plasma of healthy, starved and acetonaemic dairy cows.

Summary The levels of plasma thyroxine are lower in lactating cows than in cows during the period of late pregnancy, or in dry and non-pregnant mature animals. A steady decrease in plasma thyroxine concentration was observed in starved cows, which became significant after 5 days of starvation. Cows suffering from acctonaemia had even lower levels of plasma thyroxine, the difference from the healthy animals being highly significant.
Quality labs for a small department: panel discussion

There are many challenges associated with maintaining computer labs for students. These challenges become even more complex for a computer science lab. Add to that the limited resources associated with a small department and you get one of the major challenges associated with a small computer science department. The Computer Science Small Department Initiative has written a white paper on this issue as a companion to the paper addressing the overview of the strengths and challenges associated with a small department.
Nicotine Toxicity in a Nursing Home Resident With Dementia Secondary to Nicotine Replacement Treatment.

To the Editor: Nicotine replacement for patients with nicotine dependence is a common practice in most medical facilities, including nursing homes. It is difficult to distinguish the effect of nicotine on different organ systems and nicotine toxicity, especially in nursing home residents on nicotine replacement with multiple comorbidities, without checking the nicotine level. Nicotine can cause transient stimulation and later persistent depression of all autonomic ganglia and also release catecholamine in a number of isolated organs. Nicotine can stimulate the central nervous system and produce tremors, can increase heart rate and blood pressure, and can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.1 Acute nicotine toxicity can cause nausea, salivation, abdominal pain, vomiting, excessive sweating, headache, disturbed hearing, and confusion with marked weakness. Toxicity can cause progressive decrease in blood pressure, respiratory failure, and even death.1
Homol'ovi III: A Pueblo Hamlet in the Middle Little Colorado River Valley

ABSTRACTHomol'ovi III is a 40-room pueblo that has had a complex use life. Founded in the late A.D. 1200s, the pueblo was initially used as a small year-round settlement whose occupants farmed the surrounding floodplain. Following abandonment by about A.D. 1300, the hamlet was reused as a seasonal farming site during most of the A.D. 1300s. The development of seasonal hamlets seems to be associated with aggregation of the pueblos and the formalization of land use by these aggregated communities.
28 – Biocompatibility of hyaluronic acid: from cell recognition to therapeutic applications

Publisher Summary Hyaluronic acid (HA), also known as hyaluronan, is a ubiquitous, naturally-occurring, polyanionic, glycosaminoglycan that consists of repeating non-sulfated disaccharide units of variable sizes. HA was initially known to exhibit only unique physicochemical properties that help to maintain tissue viscoelasticity. However, subsequent studies revealed that HA also exerts important biological effects by binding to specific cell surface receptors and other extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, which initiates intracellular signaling cascades that modulate key functions such as adhesion, migration and proliferation. Together, the complex biological and physicochemical properties of HA influence key developmental processes such as embryogenesis, morphogenesis and wound repair. HA is an important ECM component that plays a crucial role at various stages of a mammalian life span, from early embryogenesis to adult tissue hemostasis and repair. HA demonstrates unique viscoelastic properties, interacts with specific cell surface receptors that induce distinct intracellular signaling cascades, and modulates inflammation during tissue repair. In addition, HA can be easily modified to obtain more stable derivatives that are more resistant to enzymatic or hydrolytic degradation. Together, these properties have led to its widespread use in a variety of biomedical applications ranging from viscosupplementation to tissue engineering. Another striking feature of HA is its ability to resist activation of the blood clotting cascade, which renders it useful as a coating material for cardiovascular stents. That it influences both embryonic and mesenchymal stem cell function suggests that HA might likely play a vital role in regenerative medicine.
Œdipus Motivation in Religious Thought and Fantasy

(1942). Œdipus Motivation in Religious Thought and Fantasy. Psychiatry: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 219-228.
Multi-parameter singular Radon transforms II: The Lp theory

The purpose of this paper is to study the L2 boundedness of operators of the form f ↦ ψ(x) ∫ f (γt(x))K(t)dt, where γt(x) is a C∞ function defined on a neighborhood of the origin in (t, x) ∈ ℝN × ℝn, satisfying γ0(x) ≡ x, ψ is a C∞ cut-off function supported on a small neighborhood of 0 ∈ ℝn, and K is a “multi-parameter singular kernel” supported on a small neighborhood of 0 ∈ ℝN. The goal is, given an appropriate class of kernels K, to give conditions on γ such that every operator of the above form is bounded on L2. The case when K is a Calderon-Zygmund kernel was studied by Christ, Nagel, Stein, and Wainger; we generalize their conditions to the case when K has a “multi-parameter” structure. For example, when K is given by a “product kernel.” Even when K is a Calderon- Zygmund kernel, our methods yield some new results. This is the first paper in a three part series, the later two of which are joint with E. M. Stein. The second paper deals with the related question of Lp boundedness, while the third paper deals with the special case when γ is real analytic.
Development of a Leasehold Model for Understanding Responsible Business

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) provides a connection between the corporation and the broader society, a basis for managing sustainable relationships with the environment and community, and guidance for employees. Yet, discussions of CSR are often undertaken in a narrow manner, as explanations of the benefits are bent to conform to the currently dominant agency narrative. This paper offers an alternative in the Leasehold Model that more closely conforms to the relationship between owners and corporate leadership and contemporary management practice. The benefits of a more open and autonomous yet accountable management are discussed in terms of its impact on CSR.
On the ecological blindspot in the territorial rights debate

This article examines the recent debate about the basis for claiming jurisdictional rights over territory. It contends that the debate as a whole misses a crucial feature of what makes territorial ...
P155 Performing a virtual crossmatch: A semi-automated approach

Aim The aim of this method is to obtain clear, fast, and accurate virtual crossmatch results which enhance communication with our clinical programs. Methods Virtual crossmatching is essential for heart and lung transplantation due to the need for short ischemia times and is increasingly used in kidney transplantation to facilitate organ allocation. There are currently no reliable tools for performing a virtual crossmatch. Our previous method was to manually assess the patient’s antibody profile and compare to the HLA typing of the potential donor. For patients with extensive history, this process was untimely and cumbersome. Our initial improvement was to export all Luminex Single Antigen (LSA) Bead results into a Microsoft Excel file, which was then manually sorted to generate a report with patient and donor HLA typings as well as current sample and historical peak mean fluorescent intensity values (MFIs) for donor specific antibodies (DSA). Most recently, we developed a semi-automated approach by creating a Microsoft Excel Workbook with a specifically written macro that sorts the exported data automatically and calculates cumulative MFI values. Results Once the HLA typing of the potential donor is entered into the workbook and the LSA beads are chosen, the MFI values will be automatically pulled into the current and historical tables. These values are then calculated automatically to obtain a current and historical cumulative MFI value. The sample dates of the peak historical MFI are also included (Fig. 1). The new approach has been validated and implemented into clinical practice. Conclusions We found the semi-automated workbook to be a reliable tool which reduces clerical errors, saves time, provides clear data interpretation, and can be easily shared with our transplant programs. In addition, the workbook includes an optional graph of DSA MFIs over time. This additional functionality provides a straightforward antibody assessment in relation to the potential donor. Download : Download high-res image (356KB) Download : Download full-size image
Electrophysiologic Testing and Cardiac Mapping

The electrophysiologic study (EPS) is an invasive test that examines the heart’s electrical properties via recording electrical signals (intracardiac electrograms) and pacing protocols with multiple strategically placed intracardiac catheters. EPS is the gold standard diagnostic study for the evaluation of many arrhythmias. With EPS, electrophysiologists are able to examine the components of the conduction system in patients with bradycardia or conduction defects, differentiate between mechanisms of tachycardias, and risk-stratify patients to rule out potentially dangerous arrhythmias. EPS is frequently performed as a diagnostic study before, during, and after catheter ablation of arrhythmias, often in conjunction with imaging modalities such as electroanatomical mapping (EAM) and intracardiac echocardiography (ICE).
Identification of flu-specific ICOS+CD38+ cTfh after influenza vaccination

The foundation of successful vaccines lies in the ability to prime the immune system to target a specific pathogen. The interaction between follicular helper T cells (Tfh) and B cells within germinal centers is necessary for the production of class-switched, affinity-matured antibodies. However, the size, diversity, and specificity of the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of the Tfh during an immune response remains unknown. We identified a subset of circulating Tfh (cTfh) coexpressing ICOS and CD38 that expresses markers of recent activation, such as the proliferation marker Ki67 and the transcription factor Helios. This activated cTfh subset increases following influenza vaccination. To begin to interrogate how the TCR repertoire changes in human cTfh cells responding to a vaccine, we performed T-cell receptor beta chain sequencing on cTfh from individuals before and after influenza vaccination. Although the ICOS − CD38 − cTfh maintained a stable TCR repertoire pre- and 7 days post vaccination, the ICOS + CD38 + cTfh exhibited increased clonality indicative of antigen-driven activation and expansion. Using HLA class II HA306- and HA40-specific tetramer staining on peripheral blood from HLA-DR0401 individuals, we then further assessed the specificity of the responding cTfh at day 7 after vaccination. We found many tetramer-positive cells that expressed ICOS and CD38 in the cTfh subset, confirming that the ICOS + CD38 + response after vaccination contains influenza-specific cells. Ultimately, rational vaccine design will depend on better understanding of the clonotypic response elicited in response to various pathogens and their relevance to the overall immune response.
Investigation of the Exhaust Gas Emissions from Light Vehicles in the Technical Examination Centers in 2016 (Case Study: Hamadan City)

Background: Expanding urbanization and increasing the number of vehicles have led to adverse effects on both the environment and human health. The propose of this study is to evaluate the concentration of CO2, CO, HC, O2, NOX in the exhaust outlet of vehicles tested in technical examination center, and to determine the relationships between their variation and lambda coefficient, type of fuel injection system as well as vehicle type. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1000 vehicles tested in technical examination centers in Hamadan city. To do this, the concentrations of CO2, CO, HC, O2, NOX gases emission were obtained, and then the relations between variation of these gases and lambda coefficient, type of fuel injection system and vehicle type were investigated. The statistical analysis that used in this study include one-way ANOVA and independent t-test (SPSS 16). Results: The results of this study showed a significant relationship between the concentration of emitted gases and the lambda coefficient, the vehicle type and the type of fuel injection system (p<0.05). The lambda coefficient equal to 1 was recognized as the best combustion condition because the availability of sufficient oxygen for the reactions lead to reduction of CO and HC emissions. The fuel injection system had a significant effect on reducing the emissions due to the suitable distribution of fuel and increasing combustion efficiency. Conclusion: In the current study, it was observed that personal vehicles due to lower depreciations than the taxis, and the injector systems due to better distribution of the fuel than the carburetor ones, have better conditions in term of pollutants emissions.nn
Quantitation and Stability of Protein Conjugation on Liposomes for Controlled Density of Surface Epitopes.

The number and spacing of B-cell epitopes on antigens have a profound impact on the activation of B cells and elicitation of antibody responses, the quantitative aspects of which may be utilized for rational design of vaccines. Ni-chelating liposomes have been widely used as protein carriers in experimental studies of vaccine delivery, owing to the convenience and versatility of this conjugation chemistry. However, the epitope number per particle as well as the stability of protein conjugation on liposomes remain far less characterized. Here we have developed quantitative methods to measure the average spatial density of proteins on liposomes using both ensemble and single-molecule techniques and demonstrated their utility using liposomes conjugated with native proteins of two different sizes. These studies revealed that the initial density of protein conjugation on Ni-chelating liposomes can be finely controlled, but the density can decrease over time upon dilution due to the noncovalent nature of Ni-che...
On the Contribution of Grain Boundary Dislocations to Grain Boundary Sliding, Migration and Point Defect Emission

An attempt is made to account for the crystallographic dependence of grain boundary sliding migration and point defect emission in terms of the diffusion limited movement of intrinsic and extrinsic grain boundary dislocations.
Sums of Powers, Bernoulli Numbers, and the Gamma Function

The principal topics in Chapter 7 concern sums of powers, an extended definition of Bernoulli numbers, the Riemann zeta-function ζ(s) and allied functions, Ramanujan’s theory of divergent series, and the gamma function. This chapter thus represents a continuation of the subject matter of Chapters 5 and 6. Perhaps more so than any other chapter in the second notebook, Chapter 7 offers a considerable amount of numerical calculation. The extent of Ramanujan’s calculations is amazing, since he evidently performed them without the aid of a mechanical or electrical device.
An Overview of Rapidly Prototyped Piezoelectric Actuators and Grain-Oriented Ceramics

Rapid prototyping (RP) has been used to fabricate a series of piezoelectric actuators, including spiral and tube actuators, to study the actuation mechanism in these geometries, and to obtain enhanced properties. PZT spiral actuators showed large displacement in mm range, and moderate blocking force. Unimorph spirals (PZT/metal shim) and dual-material (piezoelectric/electrostrictive) PMN-PT spirals were also prototyped and characterized. Tube actuators with inward and outward wall curvature showed slight improvement in axial and radial displacements compared to conventional straight-walled tube actuators. In order to improve the performance of ceramic actuators with polycrystalline microstructures, grain-oriented ceramics of bismuth titanate, lead metaniobate, and PMN-PT were investigated. Texturing was achieved by incorporating anisometric seeds into RP feedstock, aligning them during fabrication, and growing the seeds (templates) at elevated temperatures. Synthesis of anisometric seeds and pertinent processing conditions of the textured ceramics are presented. The feasibility of making net shape single crystal components was also explored. Single crystals of 0.65PMN-0.35PT were grown in FDC components using embedded (111) and (110) SrTiO3 seeds at 1250°C.
Endocannabinoid-Enhanced “Liking” in Nucleus Accumbens Shell Hedonic Hotspot Requires Endogenous Opioid Signals

Introduction: Stimulating either endogenous cannabinoids or opioids within a restricted dorsomedial "hedonic hotspot" in nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell enhances hedonic impact, or "liking" reactions to sweet tastes. In this study, we probed within this hotspot the relationship between endocannabinoid and opioid signals in hedonic enhancement. Materials and Methods: Specifically, we asked whether enhancement of sucrose "liking" by intra-NAc microinjections of the endocannabinoid anandamide requires concurrent endogenous opioid signaling. Results: Co-administration of the opioid antagonist naloxone in the same NAc microinjections with anandamide prevented the endocannabinoid from enhancing orofacial "liking" reactions to sucrose. Since intra-NAc hotspot naloxone injection alone failed to affect hedonics, reversal of anandamide-induced "liking" by opioid blockade reveals an interdependence of opioid and cannabinoid signaling in enhancing taste hedonic impact. Conclusions: These results elaborate our understanding of the mechanisms of hedonic processing of food rewards, and may also carry implications more generally for how opioid and cannabinoid drugs interact to generate natural pleasures, or drug-induced euphoria.