cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Long Term Voltage Instability due to Distribution & Transmission Interaction using Unbalanced μPMU & PMU Measurements

This paper extends the idea of the Thevenin equivalent into unbalanced 3ϕ circuits and proposes a 3ϕ long-term voltage stability indicator (VSI), that can identify critical loads in a system. Furthermore, in order to identify whether the voltage stability limit is due to the transmission network or a distribution network, a transmissiondistribution distinguishing index (TDDI) is proposed. The novelty in the proposed indices is that they can account for the unbalance in the lines and loads, enabling them to use unbalanced phasor measurements naturally. This is supported by mathematical derivations and numerical results. A convex optimization formulation to estimate the 3ϕ Thevenin equivalent using PMU & iPMU measurements is proposed, making it possible to calculate VSI and TDDI in an online model-free manner. Numerical simulations performed using co-simulation between Pypower and GridlabD are presented for the IEEE 9 bus and the 30 bus transmission networks combined with several modified IEEE 13 node and 37 node distribution networks. These case studies validate the proposed 3ϕ-VSI and TDDI over a wide range of scenarios and demonstrate the importance of iPMU measurements in identifying the regions causing long term voltage instability.
Characterization of urgent versus nonurgent early readmissions (<30 days) following primary bariatric surgery: a single-institution experience

Abstract Background Studies on early postoperative readmissions after bariatric surgery (BS) have examined readmissions as a single entity, regardless of urgency. Strategies to lower nonurgent readmissions would reduce unnecessary hospital utilization. Objectives To identify predictors of urgent readmissions (UR) versus nonurgent readmissions (NUR) at 30 days post-BS. Setting Single academic institution. Methods Patients undergoing primary BS over 2 years (n = 589) were retrospectively reviewed. Baseline demographic, medical, and hospitalization data were compared between readmitted patients, stratified by urgency, and nonreadmitted patients. Multivariate regression models of UR and NUR were created using variables with a P value ≤ .2 on univariate analyses. A P value ≤ .05 was considered statistically significant. Results There were 39 documented instances of 30-day readmissions, of which 44% (n = 17) were NUR; NUR patients were more likely to be female (100% versus 78.2% male; P = .03) and trended toward being younger, experiencing ≥2 perioperative complications, and having a longer index hospital length of stay (LOS). Patients with URs had a higher baseline BMI (52.5 ± 11.4 kg/m2 versus 48.7 ± 8.3 kg/m2, respectively; P = .04), were more likely to have sleep apnea (77.3% versus 56.1%, respectively; P = .05), had a longer LOS (3 versus 2 d, respectively; P = .007), and were more likely to have ≥2 postoperative complications (46% versus 17.0%, respectively; P = .003) compared with those with an NUR. Independent predictors of NUR included public insurance (odds ratio [OR] = 3.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–11.67; P = .03), younger age (OR = 1.05; 95% CI, 1–1.01; P = .04), and female sex, while URs were independently predicted by LOS (OR = 1.3; 95% CI, 1.04–1.5; P = .02). Conclusions Public insurance appears to be associated with NURs, while LOS predicts URs after BS. This suggests an important dichotomy within readmissions based on urgency, which has important implications for targeted quality initiatives.
Scaffold repurposing of fendiline: Identification of potent KRAS plasma membrane localization inhibitors.

Abstract KRAS plays an essential role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival. Mutated KRAS is a major driver of malignant transformation in multiple human cancers. We showed previously that fendiline (6) is an effective inhibitor of KRAS plasma membrane (PM) localization and function. In this study, we designed, synthesized and evaluated a series of new fendiline analogs to optimize its drug properties. Systemic structure-activity relationship studies by scaffold repurposing led to the discovery of several more active KRAS PM localization inhibitors such as compounds 12f (NY0244), 12h (NY0331) and 22 (NY0335) which exhibit nanomolar potencies. These compounds inhibited oncogenic KRAS-driven cancer cell proliferation at single-digit micromolar concentrations in vitro. In vivo studies in a xenograft model of pancreatic cancer revealed that 12h and 22 suppressed oncogenic KRAS-expressing MiaPaCa-2 tumor growth at a low dose range of 1–5 mg/kg with no vasodilatory effects, indicating their potential as chemical probes and anticancer therapeutics.
Targeted tibio-peroneal re-entry during subintimal revascularization using the Outback® catheter

Re-entry devices are used regularly in subintimal recanalization of chronic occlusions of the iliac and femoro-popliteal arteries and significantly contribute to the high success rate of these interventions. However, the use in tibio-peroneal arteries has only been described in few cases so far. The present work is a retrospective evaluation of the Outback® re-entry device for gaining targeted true lumen access at the level of the tibio-peroneal arteries. From 9/2017 until 10/2020 the Outback® catheter was used in case of failed spontaneous re-entry at the level of the tibio-peroneal arteries in 14 patients either instead of the usual retrograde approach via a pedal/distal-crural access (n = 11) or in combination with it (n = 3). Baseline demographic and clinical data, morphologic characteristics of the occlusions, procedural succedss, as well as the Society of Vascular Surgery (SVS) runoff score before and after revascularization were documented. All patients (median age: 78 years; range: 66–93) suffered from peripheral artery occlusive disease Rutherford stage 4 to 6 with a median lesion length of 12 cm (range: 7–35). Technical and procedural success was achieved in all 14 patients. The mean re-entry accuracy was 0.25 cm (range: 0–0.8). The SVS runoff score improved from a median of 14.5 (interquartile range IQR: 10.8–16.4) to 7 (IQR: 6.3–7) (p < 0.01). The use of the Outback® catheter for targeted tibio-peroneal re-entry is associated with a high technical and procedural success rate and should be considered in case of otherwise failed ante- and retrograde recanalization.
Conclusion: Open Skies?

This chapter summarizes the overarching implications of consumer drones as mobile media and the merits of the interdisciplinary perspective. Based on the book’s findings, I discuss what the technology enhances, obsolesces, retrieves from the past, and reverses into when pushed to an extreme. In this context, I point to avenues for future research regarding drone media, mobility, communication, and culture. With attention to plans and visions of unmanned traffic management specifically in the U. S. airspace, I make the case for a well-regulated but accessible “air commons.” An individual “right to fly remotely” means accommodating an educational hobby that combines technology, aviation, and science with communication, creativity, and the environment. To complement our understanding of the risks and dangers of consumer drones, I conclude with a call for acknowledging the social, cultural, recreational, artistic, and educational potentials of such aerial play.
Diffusive and Fluidlike Motion of Homochiral Domain Walls in Easy-Plane Magnetic Strips

Propagation of easy-plane magnetic precession can enable more efficient spin transport than conventional spin waves. Such easy-plane spin transport is typically understood in terms of a hydrodynamic model, partially analogous to superfluids. Here, using micromagnetic simulations, we examine easy-plane spin transport in magnetic strips as the motion of a train of domain walls rather than as a hydrodynamic flow. We observe that the motion transitions from diffusive to fluidlike as the density of domain walls is increased. This transition is most evident in notched nanostrips, where the domain walls are pinned by the notch defect in the diffusive regime but propagate essentially unimpeded in the fluidlike regime. Our findings suggest that spin transport via easy-plane precession, robust against defects, is achievable in strips based on realistic metallic ferromagnets and hence amenable to practical device applications.
Types, Abstractions, and Parametric Polymorphism, Part 2

The concept of relations over sets is generalized to relations over an arbitrary category, and used to investigate the abstraction (or logical-relations) theorem, the identity extension lemma, and parametric polymorphism, for Cartesian-closed-category models of the simply typed lambda calculus and PL-category models of the polymorphic typed lambda calculus. Treatments of Kripke relations and of complete relations on domains are included.
Learning based bidding strategy for HVAC systems in double auction retail energy markets

In this paper, we propose a reinforcement learning bidding strategy for controlling and coordinating HVAC systems in a double auction market. The bidding strategy does not require a specific model-based representation of behavior, i.e., a functional form to translate indoor house temperatures into bid prices. The results from reinforcement learning based approach are compared with the HVAC bidding approach used in the AEP gridSMART® smart grid demonstration project and it is shown that the model-free (learning based) approach tracks well the results from the model-based behavior. Successful use of model-free approaches to represent device-level economic behavior may advance similar approaches to represent behavior of more complex devices or groups of diverse devices, such as the aggregate behavior of responding devices in a building.
Critiquing the excess of empire : A Synkrisis of john of patmos and Dio of Prusa

Despite their many differences, John the Seer of Patmos and Dio the rhetorphilosopher of Prusa share a basic critique of the Roman Empire. Limiting the comparison to Rev. 18 and Dio's twelfth Olympic Oration (with an important reference to Dio's thirteenth Oration), this essay concludes that John and Dio critique the violence, exploitation and luxury of Rome, grounding their analysis in divine sovereignty over earthly rulers. This common critique suggests that John's message may have been sympathetically heard by a wider audience than simply a few Christian communities, and that Revelation should be reevaluated in this light.
A Sample Caching Concept for Planetary Missions

A sample caching subsystem (SCS) concept that provides transfer and storage of core and soil samples for planetary missions has been developed. The SCS could be carried on a rover and a rover arm-mounted coring tool could acquire samples and deposit the samples in the SCS. The SCS would transfer the samples into a sample container, with each sample in a separate sleeve. Important to the SCS design is the ability to seal each sleeve, and the sample with it, to isolate it from other samples and from the external environment. Sealing of the samples will allow for maintaining the integrity of organic materials over many years thereby allowing the samples to be analyzed in later missions or after a return trip to Earth.
2,4,6-triarylchalcogenopyrylium dyes related in structure to the antitumor agent AA1 as in vitro sensitizers for the photodynamic therapy of cancer.

Cationic chalcogenopyrylium dyes 2−4 were synthesized in six steps from 4-(dimethylamino)phenylethyne (7), have absorption maxima in methanol of 594, 631, and 672 nm, respectively, and generate singlet oxygen with quantum yields [Φ(1O2)] of 0.020, 0.064, and 0.037, respectively. Dyes 2−4 are hydrolytically more stable than other chalcogenopyrylium dyes evaluated previously as sensitizers for photodynamic therapy. At 10 μM final concentration, all dyes 2−4 inhibited cytochrome c oxidase during irradiation of tumor mitochondrial suspensions treated with 10 μM dye. The degree of enzyme inhibition was abated in a reduced oxygen environment and in the presence of imidazole, a singlet oxygen trap. Superoxide dismutase, at a final concentration of 30 U, did not alter the photosensitized inhibition of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase by dyes 2−4. These data suggest that singlet oxygen may play a major role in the photosensitized inhibition of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase. Irradiation of R3230AC rat mammar...
Cognitive and Behavioral Correlates of Low Vitamin B12 Levels in Elderly Patients With Progressive Dementia

Vitamin B 12 deficiency is common in elderly persons, yet its role in dementia and psychiatric illness is unclear. The authors examined the relationship between vitamin B 12 serum levels and cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia. Community-dwelling elderly subjects (N = 643) meeting NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for probable or possible Alzheimer disease (AD) underwent comprehensive neuropsychiatric evaluation and measurement of vitamin B 12 serum levels. Thirty-seven subjects (5.7%) had low B 12 serum levels (200 pcg/ml or less). Subjects with low B 12 levels were significantly older and had significantly lower scores on the Mini-Mental State Exam and higher scores on the Blessed Dementia Scale, but not a different pattern of cognitive or behavior disturbances compared with the normal-B 12 subjects. In AD, the prevalence of low vitamin B 12 serum levels is consistent with that found in community-dwelling elderly persons in general but is associated with greater overall cognitive impairment.
Toward semantics-based answer pinpointing

We describe the treatment of questions (Question-Answer Typology, question parsing, and results) in the Weblcopedia question answering system.
Multispot point spread function for multiphoton fluorescence microscopy.

We propose and demonstrate an imaging technique capable of generating multiple excitation spot for multiphoton fluorescence microscopy. The point spread function (PSF) is generated by interfering two counterpropagating extended depth of focus beams along the optical axis. At an illumination wavelength of 976 nm and aperture angle of 60°, five distinct nanospots of dimension ≈210 nm is obtained along the optical axis. The resulting PSF has the ability to simultaneously excite multiple planes, and overcomes the sidelobe problem associated with single-photon variant. The proposed multiple-excitation-spot-based-optical imaging technique may find potential application in nanobioimaging and three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy.
Covisualization in living onion cells of putative integrin, putative spectrin, actin, putative intermediate filaments, and other proteins at the cell membrane and in an endomembrane sheath

Covisualizations with wide-field computational optical-sectioning microscopy of living epidermal cells of the onion bulb scale have evidenced two major new cellular features. First, a sheath of cytoskeletal elements clads the endomembrane system. Similar elements clad the inner faces of punctate plasmalemmal sites interpreted as plasmalemmal control centers. One component of the endomembrane sheath and plasmalemmal control center cladding is anti-genicity-recognized by two injected antibodies against animal spectrin. Immunoblots of separated epidermal protein also showed bands recognized by these antibodies. Injected phalloidin identified F-actin with the same cellular distribution pattern, as did antibodies against intermediate-filament protein and other cytoskeletal elements known from animal cells. Injection of general protein stains demonstrated the abundance of endomembrane sheath protein. Second, the endomembrane system, like the plasmalemmal puncta, contains antigen recognized by an anti-beta 1 integrin injected into the cytoplasm. Previously, immunoblots of separated epidermal protein were shown to have a major band recognized both by this antibody prepared against a peptide representing the cytosolic region of beta 1 integrin and an antibody against the matrix region of beta 1 integrin. The latter antiboby also identified puncta at the external face of protoplasts. It is proposed that integrin and associated transmembrane proteins secure the endomembrane sheath and transmit signals between it and the lumen or matrix of the endoplasmic reticulum and organellar matrices. This function is comparable to that proposed for such transmembrane linkers in the plasmalemmal control centers, which also appear to bind cytoskeleton and a host of related molecules and transmit signals between them and the wall matrix. It is at the plasmalemmal control centers that the endoplasmic reticulum, a major component of the endomembrane system, attaches to the plasma membrane.
PSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING FOLLOWING CEREBRAL HEMISPHERECTOMY IN MAN

THE PSYCHOLOGICAL effects of cortical destruction in man have been recognized for many years. Even the effects of damage to an area as extensive as an entire hemisphere had been described decades ago, as Karnosh and Gardner 1 have noted. Over a hundred and fifty years ago, Francis Joseph Gall presented a case report on a man in whom the right hemisphere had been totally destroyed by suppuration and yet the intellectual faculties had remained intact up to the time of the death. Much of our knowledge of the effects of decortication has come from animal operations, for example, Kellogg's 2 long-time studies at Indiana University. Even earlier, Karplus and Kreidl 3 had accomplished decerebration in animals, including apes. It was not until 1923 that Dandy 4 performed the first hemispherectomy on man. Since his first published report in 1928, a number of articles in the literature have dealt with
A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF VAGRANCY ARRESTS IN MILWAUKEE, 1930-1972

ABSTRACT Based on the qualitative analysis of historical documents, scholars from a variety of disciplines have devised competing, and often incompatible, explanations for the application of vagrancy law in the United States. This study attempts to clarify this debate by evaluated hypotheses derived from theoretical work of Chambliss, Adler, and Watts. The longitudinal, multivariate analyses of changes, over time, in vagrancy arrest rates within Milwaukee, 1930-1972, provide substantial support for Chambliss's contentions, but not for those of Adler or Watts. The implications of these findings for future research are discussed.
Computerized posturography balance assessment of patients with bilateral ventralis intermedius nuclei deep brain stimulation

Bilateral ventralis intermedius nuclei (Vim) deep brain stimulation (DBS) improves tremor in patients with both essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson's disease (PD). In each condition, patients have individually noted both subjective improvement and worsening in balance. Computerized posturography (CP) is able to quantify some aspects of balance. Twenty-one patients (8 with PD and 13 with ET) with bilateral Vim DBS were recruited to undergo randomized-order identical CP testing (EquiTest system) while their DBS devices were both activated and deactivated. One PD patient could not complete any OFF assessment and is not included. Three PD patients could not tolerate portions of the OFF testing. Overall, sensory organization testing was improved by DBS activation in conditions that involved quiet standing with eyes open with no motion of the support surface, or with sway-referenced support surface motion, but worsened during quiet standing with eyes closed only in ET patients. Falls lessened with activation in ET patients. Motor control testing was not changed. Bilateral Vim DBS activation mostly improved balance, but may modestly worsen other specific features.
Pancreatic Cyst Fluid and Serum Mucin Levels Predict Dysplasia in Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas

Introduction There are no reliable markers of dysplasia in patients with incidentally discovered intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas (IPMN). IPMN dysplasia may be associated with mucin protein (MUC) expression and histopathologic subtype. We hypothesize that MUC expression in cyst fluid and serum can identify lesions with high risk of malignancy.
Effects of Low-Protein, Amino Acid-Fortified Diets Formulated on a Net Energy Basis on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Finishing Pigs

Abstract Smith, J.W.II, O'Quinn, P.R., Goodband, R.D., Tokach, M.D. and Nelssen, J.L. 1999. Effects of low-protein, amino acid-fortified diets formulated on a net energy basis on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 15: 1–16. Two hundred eighty-eight crossbred gilts (PIC L326 x C22, initially 48 kg) were used to determine the effects of corn-soybean meal or low protein, amino acid-fortified diets formulated to equal net energy (NE) concentrations on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. Diets were formulated to two NE concentrations, 2.51 and 2.58 Mcal/kg during growing and 2.58 and 2.65Mcal/kg during finishing period. Amino acids were provided from soybean meal or a combination of soybean meal and crystalline amino acids (L-lysine, DL-methionine, L-threonine, and L-tryptophan) formulated on an ideal protein basis. Pigs fed diets containing intact protein had greater (P<0.01) ADG, G:F and percentage lean than pigs provid...
The photodissociation of Li2

Abstract The absorption of photons by Li 2 from the X 1 Σ + g state to the A 1 Σ + u and B 1 Π u states is considered and the mechanisms that lead to dissociation are studied quantitatively. Calculations are reported on the direct predissociation of the b 3 Π u state. The significance of accidental predissociation of the A 1 Σ + u state is discussed and a quantal theory of the process is presented.
Stress Hormone Epinephrine Enhances Adipogenesis in Murine Embryonic Stem Cells by Up-Regulating the Neuropeptide Y System

Prenatal stress, psychologically and metabolically, increases the risk of obesity and diabetes in the progeny. However, the mechanisms of the pathogenesis remain unknown. In adult mice, stress activates NPY and its Y2R in a glucocorticoid-dependent manner in the abdominal fat. This increased adipogenesis and angiogenesis, leading to abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome which were inhibited by intra-fat Y2R inactivation. To determine whether stress elevates NPY system and accelerates adipogenic potential of embryo, here we “stressed" murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs) in vitro with epinephrine (EPI) during their adipogenic differentiation. EPI was added during the commitment stage together with insulin, and followed by dexamethasone in the standard adipogenic differentiation medium. Undifferentiated embryonic bodies (EBs) showed no detectable expression of NPY. EPI markedly up-regulated the expression NPY and the Y1R at the commitment stage, followed by increased Y2R mRNA at the late of the commitment stage and the differentiation stage. EPI significantly increased EB cells proliferation and expression of the preadipocyte marker Pref-1 at the commitment stage. EPI also accelerated and amplified adipogenic differentiation detected by increasing the adipocyte markers FABP4 and PPARγ mRNAs and Oil-red O-staining at the end of the differentiation stage. EPI-induced adipogenesis was completely prevented by antagonists of the NPY receptors (Y1R+Y2R+Y5R), indicating that it was mediated by the NPY system in mESC's. Taken together, these data suggest that stress may play an important role in programing ESCs for accelerated adipogenesis by altering the stress induced hormonal regulation of the NPY system.
A Bayesian semiparametric model for case-control studies with errors in variables

SUMMARY We develop a model and a numerical estimation scheme for a Bayesian approach to inference in case-control studies with errors in covariables. The model proposed in this paper is based on a nonparametric model for the unknown joint distribution for the missing data, the observed covariates and the proxy. This nonparametric distribution defines the measurement error component of the model which relates the missing covariates X with a proxy W. The oxymoron 'nonparametric Bayes' refers to a class of flexible mixture distributions. For the likelihood of disease, given covariates, we choose a logistic regression model. By using a parametric disease model and nonparametric exposure model we obtain robust, interpretable results quantifying the effect of exposure.
A Novel Low Oxygen Affinity Recombinant Hemoglobin (α96Val→Trp): Switching Quaternary Structure Without Changing the Ligation State

Using our Escherichia coli expression plasmid (pHE2) in which synthetic human alpha and beta-globin genes are coexpressed with the E. coli methionine aminopeptidase gene under the control of separate tac promoters, we have constructed a new artificial hemoglobin in which the valine residue at position 96 of the alpha chain, located in the alpha 1 beta 2 subunit interface, has been replaced by a tryptophan residue using site-directed mutagenesis. We have determined the oxygen-binding properties of this recombinant hemoglobin, r Hb (alpha 96Val-->Trp), and have used proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate its tertiary structure around the heme group and the quaternary structure in the alpha 1 beta 2 subunit interface. This artificial hemoglobin shows a low oxygen affinity, but high cooperativity in oxygen binding, and exhibits no unusual subunit dissociation when ligated. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the unique oxygen-binding property of r Hb (alpha 96Val-->Trp) may be due to an extra hydrogen bond between alpha 96Trp and beta 99Asp in the alpha 1 beta 2 subunit interface in the deoxy form. Despite the replacement of a small amino acid residue, valine, by a large tryptophan residue in the alpha 1 beta 2 subunit interface, this artificial hemoglobin shows very similar tertiary structure around the heme pockets and quaternary structure in the alpha 1 beta 2 subunit interface compared to those of human normal adult hemoglobin. Another unique feature of this artificial hemoglobin is that the ligated form, e.g. carbonmonoxy form, of this hemoglobin in the oxy-quaternary structure can be converted to the deoxy-like quaternary structure by the addition of an allosteric effector, inositol hexaphosphate, as well as by lowering the temperature in the absence of inositol hexaphosphate, without changing its ligation state. Thus, this recombinant hemoglobin can be used to gain new insights regarding the nature of subunit interactions in the alpha 1 beta 2 interface and the molecular basis for the allosteric mechanism of hemoglobin.
Thickness of the gas hydrate stability zone, Gulf of Mexico continental slope

The maximum thickness of the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) at key gas hydrate study sites was estimated, and a generalized GHSZ profile across part of the central Gulf of Mexico slope was constructed. Maximum thickness of the GHSZ increases with water depth at the shallowest site (∼540 m water depth) from about 450 m to about 1150 m at the deepest site (∼1930 m water depth). The occurrence of gas hydrate in the subsurface is largely controlled by structural focussing of hydrocarbons, with gas hydrate most abundant at the rims of salt withdrawal basins and less abundant within intrasalt basins. The postulated geometry of large subsurface gas hydrate accumulations shows strong structural control. Bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) are absent or infrequently observed in the Gulf of Mexico because of structural focusing of the free hydrocarbon gases that form gas hydrate. New insight to the geometry of the GHSZ in the Gulf of Mexico continental slope will contribute to improved application of geophysics to map the distribution of gas hydrates. Improved understanding of three-dimensional geometry of gas hydrate accumulations will contribute to better assessment of gas hydrate volumes as a future energy resource, as a geohazard, and will constrain theories relating the role of gas hydrate in past climate change.
Multi-objective optimization algorithms for sensor network design

Many sensor network design problems are characterized by the need to optimize multiple objectives. However, existing techniques in sensor network design generally optimize only one objective while treating the others as constraints or convert the multi-objective optimization problem into a single objective optimization problem using weights associated with different objectives. The weighted sum approach is subjective and is incapable of obtaining multiple tradeoff solutions for non-convex optimization problems. A multi-objective optimization approach optimizes all objectives simultaneously and obtains multiple tradeoff solutions for non-convex problems without the need for a weight vector. This paper illustrates this approach by formulating and solving the sensor placement problem for energy efficient target detection as a multi-objective optimization problem.
On the accuracy of spin-component-scaled perturbation theory (SCS-MP2) for the potential energy surface of the ethylene dimer

The bimolecular interaction potentials for various configurations of the ethylene dimer computed with coupled-cluster and spin-component-scaled second-order Moller–Plesset perturbation theory (SCS-MP2) are reported. With a triple-ζ basis set including diffuse functions, SCS-MP2 improves over the results of conventional MP2. However, when the resulting energies are counterpoise-corrected for overbinding due to basis-set superposition error or obtained with a quadruple-ζ basis set, the MP2 results are superior. Alternative scaling parameters for SCS-MP2 have been determined from computations performed across the potential energy surface. These scaling parameters are found to be relatively insensitive to the relative configuration of the monomers and to include a slightly larger relative weighting of the same-spin electron pairs than originally proposed by Grimme [J. Chem. Phys. 118, 9095 (2003)]. The opposite-spin and same-spin parameters that minimize errors in the SCS-MP2 results for the ethylene dimer ar...
Structural analysis and characterization of layer perovskite oxynitrides made from Dion–Jacobson oxide precursors

Abstract A three-layer oxynitride Ruddlesden–Popper phase Rb1+xCa2Nb3O10−xNx·yH2O ( x = 0.7 – 0.8 , y = 0.4 – 0.6 ) was synthesized by ammonialysis at 800 °C from the Dion–Jacobson phase RbCa2Nb3O10 in the presence of Rb2CO3. Incorporation of nitrogen into the layer perovskite structure was confirmed by XPS, combustion analysis, and MAS NMR. The water content was determined by thermal gravimetric analysis and the rubidium content by ICP-MS. A similar layered perovskite interconversion occurred in the two-layer Dion–Jacobson oxide RbLaNb2O7 to yield Rb1+xLaNb2O7−xNx·yH2O ( x = 0.7 – 0.8 , y = 0.5 – 1.0 ). Both compounds were air- and moisture-sensitive, with rapid loss of nitrogen by oxidation and hydrolysis reactions. The structure of the three-layer oxynitride Rb1.7Ca2Nb3O9.3N0.7·0.5H2O was solved in space group P4/mmm with a = 3.887 ( 3 ) and c = 18.65 ( 1 ) A , by Rietveld refinement of X-ray powder diffraction data. The two-layer oxynitride structure Rb1.8LaNb2O6.3N0.7·1.0H2O was also determined in space group P4/mmm with a = 3.934 ( 2 ) and c = 14.697 ( 2 ) A . GSAS refinement of synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data showed that the water molecules were intercalated between a double layer of Rb+ ions in both the two- and three-layer Ruddlesden–Popper structures. Optical band gaps were measured by diffuse reflectance UV-vis for both materials. An indirect band gap of 2.51 eV and a direct band gap of 2.99 eV were found for the three-layer compound, while an indirect band gap of 2.29 eV and a direct band gap of 2.84 eV were measured for the two-layer compound. Photocatalytic activity tests of the three-layer compound under 380 nm pass filtered light with AgNO3 as a sacrificial electron acceptor gave a quantum yield of 0.025% for oxygen evolution.
In vitro incorporation of 32P-orthophosphate into phosphatidyl ethanolamine and other phosphatides by mature human erythrocyte ghosts.

Abstract Isolated mature human erythrocyte ghosts as well as intact erythrocytes actively incorporated 32 P-orthophosphate into some phosphatides in vitro . The reaction sequence was not oxygen dependent, was pH sensitive, and was inhibited by cyanide, iodoacetate, and fluoride; it was strongly inhibited by plasma and 0.004 m coumadin, although 0.0002 m coumadin increased the incorporation. Incubation of ghosts in isotonic saline increased the incorporation significantly. Chromatography revealed that phosphatidyl ethanolamine was the most significantly labelled phosphatide.
Fatigue-Based Severity Factors for Shear-Loaded Fastener Joints

Using Hi-Lok fasteners and Universal rivets, we experimentally investigated the fatigue behavior of fastener joints under constant-amplitude loading. The study generated fatigue-based stress severity factors for fastener joints at two different load transfer and mean stress levels. Fatigue tests on open-hole, filled-hole, and load transfer specimens were conducted at mean stress levels of 20.68 and 41.37 MPa, with varying stress ratios to achieve lives ranging between 10 3 and 10 6 cycles. The regression-based mean life curves were used to generate the fatigue-based correction factors for hole filling and bearing load transfer as a function of the maximum stress level. The fatigue life of load transfer specimens fell between those of the open-hole and filled-hole configurations. With increasing load transfer and mean stress levels, the fatigue life approached that of the open-hole case. In addition, at stress levels corresponding to fatigue lives in excess of 10 5 cycles, the failure modes of load transfer specimens transitioned from a net-section failure to a clamp-up-induced fretting failure occurring away from the fastener hole. The stress severity factor associated with the mean life of fastener joints and Hi-Lok filled-hole coupons increased with the maximum fatigue stress level. However, different trends were observed with respect to load transfer at the two mean stress levels used in the study.
Academic Citizenship and Public Service for Modern Higher Learning in a Post-Civil Rights Era

Through student codes of conduct, service-learning and volunteerism, one university is pursuing its mission to develop civic-minded leaders and civil servants with core values. Activities that merge inside and outside classroom xperiences nurture these fundamental values and foster the foundation for leadership development.
Exploring National Veterinary Information Outreach

The Medical Sciences Library at Texas A&M University (MSL) participates in the National Library of Medicine (NLM) National Network of Libraries of Medicine South Central Region (NN/LM) Regional Resource Library outreach initiative. This program generally funds regional outreach activities promoting NLM information resources. The MSL and veterinary library community recognized practicing clinical veterinarians as an underserved population. The 2013–2014 MSL outreach proposal combined traditional activities with the development of materials to assist veterinarians with NLM resources, and exhibit to a national audience. This article provides an overview of the NN/LM SCR Resource Library Outreach Awards, an overview of MSL outreach activities for the year, and lessons learned.
The Relationship between the Magnitudes of SSR(x 2) and SSR(x 2|x 1): A Geometric Description

Abstract We use geometric methods to investigate the relative magnitudes of SSR(x 2), the sum of squares for regression on x 2 alone, and SSR(x 2|x 1), the increase in the regression sum of squares resulting from the addition of x 2 to a model that already contains x 1. We examine a variety of cases, emphasizing those in which SSR(x 2|x 1) > SSR(x 2). We also point out that SSR(x 2) and SSR(x 2|x 1) can be equal even when x 1 and x 2 are correlated. We present contrived data sets illustrating these points, and examine the relative magnitudes of SSR(x 2) and SSR(x 2|x 1) for two real data sets.
Function of duck RIG-I in induction of antiviral response against IBDV and avian influenza virus on chicken cells

The avian influenza (AI) H9N2 virus and IBDV are two major problems in the poultry industry. They have been prevalent among domestic poultry in Asia for many years and have caused considerable economic losses. Retinoic-acid-induced gene I (RIG-I) is a cytoplasmic sensor of dsRNA and ssRNA. It can detect Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in human cells, influenza virus in duck leads to production of IFN-β and IFN-stimulated antiviral genes and reductions in the replication of RNA virus. Chickens, which lack RIG-I, are more sensitive to influenza virus than ducks. However, little is known about the roles of duck RIG-I (dRIG-I) in the detection of IBDV and AI H9N2 in chicken cells DF-1. The purpose of this study was to examine the function of dRIG-I in the recognition of IBDV Ts strain and H9N2 A/Chicken/Shandong/ZB/2007(ZB07) and in the induction of antiviral gene expression to gain an understanding of antiviral ability of dRIG-I in chicken cells against dsRNA virus IBDV and ssRNA virus ZB07. After challenge with the IBDV Ts strain and ZB07 the expression levels of Type I IFN (IFN-β and IFN-α) and IFN-induced antiviral genes (Mx and PKR) were significantly up-regulated in dRIG-I-transfected DF-1cells compared with the empty-vector-transfected control. dRIG-I knockdown experiments further proved that dRIG-I is essential to sensing IBDV and ZB07 in duck embryo fibroblasts (DEF). Growth curves showed that dRIG-I repressed the replication of IBDV and almost blunted the growth of ZB07 in DF-1. Apoptosis analysis revealed that dRIG-I increase the number of the survival cells after IBDV Ts strain or ZB07 infection relative to the empty-vector-transfected control. These results indicate that dRIG-I can up-regulates type I IFN and reduce viral gene expression and viral replication and protect chicken cells from virus-induced apoptosis during ZB07 and IBDV infection.
REM sleep: a biological and psychological paradox

Sleep and rest can be satisfactorily explained as adaptive states1, 2 whose core function is energy conservation and behavioral regulation. In addition to these functions, certain recuperative processes may be accomplished within sleep. However, the adaptive role of REM sleep remains a complete mystery. The high levels of brain metabolic demand and attenuation of homeostatic regulation make it difficult to understand how animals benefit from this state. Adding to the mystery, it is well known that drug induced suppression of REM sleep is without any striking effect on behavior. Humans taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors and antidepressants have a massive suppression of REM sleep3 yet they do not go insane and do not have any apparent impairment of memory – indeed may have some small improvements of memory4. Even longterm usage of these drugs, with concomitant reduction or elimination of REM sleep does not generally have deleterious effects on health. Indeed they are often given to regulate blood pressure or improve mood. Similarly, no cognitive or health impairment has been identified in the few humans who have lost REM sleep because of brain injury5. So, REM sleep truly has earned the name “paradoxical sleep,” first given to it by the French researcher Michel Jouvet because of its waking EEG during behavioral sleep. It should be noted that in contrast to the findings in humans, deprivation of rats of REM or nonREM sleep by the disk over water method can be lethal6. However, this may well be due to stress involved in repeated arousals rather than sleep loss itself. Lethal effects of sleep loss have not been reported in mice, cats or other animal sleep subjects. So we are left with a profound question; why do all land mammals (but not necessarily marine mammals1, 7) and many, perhaps all birds have REM sleep8 if it uses so much energy and can apparently be dispensed with without obvious negative consequences? Several recent papers in this journal address aspects of this paradox9–14.
Mechanism of Stimulation of Ribosomal Promoters by Binding of the +1 and +2 Nucleotides

The rate of transcription of Escherichia coli ribosomal RNA promoters is central to adjusting the cellular growth rate to nutritional conditions. The +1 initiating nucleotide and ppGpp are regulatory effectors of these promoters. The data herein show that in vitro transcription is also regulated by the +2 nucleotide. Both the +1 and +2 nucleotides act by driving polymerase into an altered conformation rather than by increasing the lifetime of transcription complexes. The unique design of the ribosomal promoters may stabilize a distorted state of polymerase that is relieved by the binding of the two nucleotides required for transcription initiation.
The vaccinia virus fusion inhibitor proteins SPI-3 (K2) and HA (A56) expressed by infected cells reduce the entry of superinfecting virus

The orthopoxvirus SPI-3 (K2) and A56 (hemagglutinin, HA) proteins interact and together prevent cell–cell fusion. SPI-3/A56 has been proposed to prevent the superinfection of previously infected cells by reducing virus–cell fusion. Binding of mature virions of vaccinia virus (VV) to VV-infected cells was unaffected by SPI-3 or A56 on the surface of infected cells. Entry of VV into infected cells was assessed using VV-PT7-luc carrying the luciferase reporter under T7 control. Cells infected with VV or cowpox virus (CPV) expressing T7 RNA polymerase and lacking SPI-3 and/or A56 were superinfected with VV-PT7-luc, and luciferase activity was measured. Inactivation of SPI-3 or A56 from the pre-infecting virus resulted in greater luciferase expression from the superinfecting VV-PT7-luc. Antibody against SPI-3 present during infection with wild-type CPV-T7 increased luciferase expression from superinfecting VV-PT7-luc. The SPI-3/A56 complex on the infected cell surface therefore appears to reduce the entry of virions into infected cells.
Multisatellite investigations of substorm onsets

Abstract Substorm onsets, identified by Pi2 pulsations observed on the AFGL Magnetometer Network, have been studied using ISEE 1 electric and magnetic field data and GOES 2 and GOES 3 magnetic field data. The relative positions of the spacecraft with respect to the substorm current system were determined from the Pi2 polarizations. One onset occurred when ISEE 1 and GOES 2 were on the same field line but in opposite hemispheres. During this onset ISEE 1 and GOES 2 observed magnetic signatures which appear to be due to conjugate field-aligned-currents flowing out of the western edge of the westward electrojets. A broadband burst of wave noise was seen in the ISEE 1 electric field at the same time as field-aligned-currents were observed. These may be current driven ion cyclotron waves. A three minute perturbation in the electric field data prior to the initial substorm onset indicates that there was an azimuthal westward flow of plasma starting ∼ 1 min before the substorm onset.
Sensitivity of rainbow trout early life stages to nickel chloride

Four acute tests (96-h) with juvenile fish and four early life stage tests with embryos and larvae were completed with rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Ninety-six-hour flow-through LC50 values for juveniles ranged from 8.1 to 10.9 mg/L nickel. Two early life stage tests were started with newly fertilized eggs, one test was started with eyed eggs and one test was started with pre-swim-up larval fish. No observed effect levels (NOEL), the highest nickel concentration without statistically significant adverse effects, for the two tests with newly fertilized eggs were less than 35 and 35 μg/L. The NOEL for the tests starting with eyed eggs and larval fish was 134 μg/L nickel. Early life stages were most sensitive when newly fertilized eggs were initially exposed, followed in sensitivity by eyed eggs, larval fish and juvenile fish.
Small-scale slump deposits, Middle Atlantic Continental Slope, off eastern United States

Abstract Analyses of 24 high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles that were collected during local and regional surveys show that small-scale slump deposite are ubiquitous whthin the intercanyon areas of the Continental Slope of the Middle Atlantic Bight. The deposits involve the upper 10–90 m of sediments, extend downslops for 1.8–7.2 km, and are present at water depths ranging from 545 to 1500 m. The characteristics of the deposits vary from thin, homogeneous or fairly regularly bedded lenses of sediment, to masses of intermediate thickness with contorted bedding, to relatively large slump blocks. A detailed survey of one slump mass just south of Hudson Canyon (by means of close-spaced Minisparker profiles and sediment cores) showed that it had a thickness of about 30 m and a volume of at least 0.4 km 3 and consisted of homogeneous clay which accumulated rapidly during the late Pleistocene or Holocene. Although some of the slump deposits undoubtedly are relict, stemming from sediment instability porduced by rapid deposition during Pleistocene sea-level regressions, others were formed relatively recently. Possible causes of modern slumps include gas generation in the sediments, bottom-water turbulence on the upper slope, and shallow faulting. This study indicates that small-scale slumping in the intercanyon areas may be an important process in transporting sediments to the deep sea and suggests that recent mass movements may constitute a geologic hazard to future economic development of this part of the Continental Slope.
In Vivo imaging of targeted drug delivery to tumors based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer and optical diffusion tomography

Experimental results for imaging a model for targeted anti-cancer drug delivery to a tumor in a mouse using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and optical diffusion tomography (ODT) are presented.
The oximation of biacetyl

Abstract Spectrophotometric evidence indicates that the reaction of biacetyl with hydroxylamine proceeds through the formation of two carbinolamine intermediates. The second of these intermediates is also encountered in the reaction of biacetyl monoxime with hydroxylamine. The rate-limiting step in the oximation of biacetyl is the slow dehydration of the initially formed intermediate, as is evidenced from the various rate constants obtained for the two reactions over the range 0–10°. When niekel(II) is present in the biacetyl-hydroxylamine system, the formation of nickel dimethylglyoximate proceeds by two independent mechanisms, whereas only a single mechanism is responsible for precipitate formation in the biacetyl monoxime-hydroxylamine system.
Factors affecting the pulmonary "capillary" pressure.

Abstract 1. 1. Pressure in a major branch of a pulmonary artery beyond an occluding balloon invariably fell to pulmonary capillary levels and resembled the latter closely. 2. 2. Distal pressures correlated well with pulmonary capillary pressures and were normal in control patients and elevated in those with left ventricular failure and/or mitral disease. 3. 3. In pulmonary emphysema, the distal and pulmonary capillary pressures varied greatly with respiration and occasionally reached considerably elevated levels during expiration. Exercise in such patients caused a significant apparent rise in wedge pressure. 4. 4. The role of bronchomotor tone and intraalveolar and intrapleural pressures are discussed with regard to their possible role in regulating pulmonary artery pressure. 5. 5. The method has been of value in obtaining pulmonary capillary or distal pressures in those individuals, particularly with pulmonary artery hypertension, in whom such pressures were otherwise unobtainable. 6. 6. The danger of using a static figure or zero in obtaining pulmonary arterial-pulmonary capillary gradients for calculation of pulmonary resistances, particularly in pulmonary emphysema, is emphasized.