cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Toxicity and neurophysiological effects of fipronil and fipronil sulfone on the western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Fipronil is a member of the relatively new phenylpyrazole insecticide class that is active at the neuro-inhibitory gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channel/ionopore complex. The toxicity and neurophysiological effects of fipronil and its oxidative sulfone metabolite [5-amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3-cyano-4-trifluoromethylsulfonylpyrazole] were investigated by using an insecticide-susceptible western corn rootworm population. In topical bioassays using adult rootworms, fipronil was toxic at very low doses (LD50 = 0.07; LD90 = 0.33 ng/mg). At the LD90, pre-treatment with the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase inhibitor piperonyl butoxide led to mild antagonism of fipronil toxicity (LD90 = 0.42 ng/mg), while the sulfone analog had greater toxicity (LD90 = 0.22 ng/mg). In neurophysiological studies of spontaneous electrical activity, adult and larval rootworms were equally affected by fipronil and the sulfone analog at 10 μM (in the presence of 5 mM GABA) in comparison to GABA-treated baselines. Using larval rootworms, insensitivity of the GABA receptor to binding by picrotoxinin or dieldrin (10 μM ) was not apparent in the presence of 5 mM GABA. Further neurophysiological investigation using a range of concentrations (0.625–20.0 μM) on larval rootworms indicated concentration-dependent effects on bursting activity for both fipronil and the sulfone analog; however, subtle differences were observed between these two compounds. Results indicate that both fipronil and its oxidative sulfone metabolite have similar toxicological and neurological effects on rootworms. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 40:150–156, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Management of Cushing disease

Transsphenoidal pituitary surgery is the mainstay of therapy in Cushing’s disease. Patients with recurrent or persistent Cushing’s disease may have several treatment options, including a second pituitary operation, radiation therapy with interim medical therapy, or bilateral adrenalectomy. Prompt treatment of hypercortisolism is advisable before and during pregnancy in order to optimize maternal and fetal outcomes.
Utilizing Building Usage Assessment: Determining Deployment of Student Workers in an Academic Library

Generating, collecting, and analyzing building usage statistics can greatly increase the ability of an access services unit to meet the changing dynamic of patron needs in an academic library. By analyzing three different data points, the Access Services Unit in Malpass Library at Western Illinois University was able to determine the most effective and efficient way to deploy the student workforce to meet the demonstrated needs of the patron population throughout the day. This article will examine those data points and how they were analyzed in order to improve the services provided by the Access Services Unit.
Prognostic irrelevance of ring sideroblast percentage in World Health Organization defined myelodysplastic syndromes without excess blasts

The presence of ≥ 15% bone marrow (BM) ring sideroblasts (RS) and 50% (n = 33). RS% correlated (P < .05) directly with age, platelet count, transfusion dependency, BM cellularity, and mutant SF3B1 and inversely with hemoglobin level, multilineage dysplasia, and high-risk karyotype; but did not correlate with IDH mutations. At a median follow-up of 33 months, 156 (73%) deaths and 24 (12%) leukemic transformations were documented. Neither univariate nor multivariable analysis showed significant effect for RS% on overall or leukemia-free survival, suggesting the limited prognostic value of quantifying BM RS in MDS.
Some properties of linguistic feature detectors

A series of experiments, using a selective adaptation procedure, investigated some of the properties of the linguistic feature detectors that mediate the perception of the voiced and voiceless stop consonants. The first experiment showed that these detectors are centrally rather than peripherally located, in that monotic presentation of the adapting stimulus and test stimuli to different ears resulted in large and reliable shifts in the locus of the phonetic boundary. The second experiment revealed that the detectors are part of the specialized speech processor, inasmuch as adaptation of a voicing detector (as measured by a shift in the phonetic boundary) occurred only when the voicing information was presented in a speech context. In the third experiment, the detector mediating perception of the voiced stops was shown to be more resistant to adaptation than the detector mediating perception of the voiceless stops.
Closed form bandlimited image extrapolation

Digital implementations of a closed form 2-D bandlimited image extrapolation algorithm are presented for a number of elementary target images. The resulting figures of merit empirically verify the assumption that extrapolation is better near to where the image is known. Results of extrapolating a truncated image perturbed by white Gaussian noise suggest a required SNR of the order of 1010.
Effects of ammonia and amines on propylene disproportionation over a tungsten oxide silica catalyst

Tungsten trioxide on silica catalysts, known to require a prolonged break-in period and to exhibit an anomalous gas-phase mass transfer effect for propylene disproportionation, was temporarily promoted by the injection of amines with N-H bonds, and inhibited by injection of pyridine and triethylamine. The increase of steady-state activity (428/sup 0/C, 3 g catalyst, containing 10% tungsten trioxide) was 283% with 0.1 cc n-butylamine, 233% with 0.1 cc hexylamine, 510% with 3 jl aniline, and 310% with 3 jl di-n-butylamine. Graph and table.
Use of recombinant hematopoietic growth factors in bone marrow transplantation.

PURPOSE A number of glycoprotein hematopoietic growth regulatory molecules have been identified and molecularly cloned. Three have been approved for clinical use and several are in various stages of clinical trials. The purpose of this review is to describe clinically relevant aspects of the biology of hematopoietic growth factors, to analyze the clinical trials data on their use with emphasis on studies in marrow transplantation, and to project directions for further study of both the approved and the investigational agents. PATIENTS Individuals undergoing autologous or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. DESIGN Phase I toxicity trials through randomized, placebo-controlled Phase III studies. RESULTS Appropriate use of hematopoietic growth factors can reduce transplant-associated morbidity, shorten initial hospitalizations, and reduce the cost of transplantation. Preliminary data suggest that cytokine-mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells may be able to replace marrow as the sole source of stem cells for transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Additional studies are needed to determine the optimal use of approved growth factors and to determine how best to use those that are still investigational agents. Comparative studies of marrow versus alternative sources of stem cells such as mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells are also needed.
The Spinning Cube of Potential Doom

Practically every computer linked to the Internet is constantly being scanned for security vulnerabilities and targeted for attack by viruses, worms, and worse.
Membrane Tethered Delta Activates Notch and Reveals a Role for Spatio-Mechanical Regulation of the Signaling Pathway

Short-range Notch receptor signaling is necessary for coordinating developmental activities in metazoa. To investigate this juxtacrine pathway, we mimic receptor-ligand binding within the cell-cell junction by engaging Notch1-eGFP expressing cells to a supported lipid membrane displaying Delta-like protein 4 (DLL4). DLL4-Notch1 binding, oligomerization, and transport were observed in real time, and the molecular density and stoichiometry of the complexes were determined using quantitative fluorescence imaging. A Notch transcriptional reporter readout was used to quantify how ligand lateral mobility, orientation, and density modulate receptor activation levels. These experiments demonstrate that limiting the lateral mobility of DLL4 can enhance Notch activation by 2.6-fold, thus supporting the existence of a spatio-mechanical mechanism of signal regulation.
Localization of the Thiamine-Responsive Megaloblastic Anemia Syndrome Locus to a 1.4-cM Region of 1q23

Localization of the Thiamine-Responsive Megaloblastic Anemia Syndrome Locus to a 1.4-cM Region of 1q23
Estimation of fuel flow for telematics-enabled adaptive fuel and time efficient vehicle routing

This paper reports the development of vehicle fuel flow estimation algorithms based entirely on signals available through the standard OBD-II interface. The paper also illustrates the use of the resulting fuel flow estimates for adaptation and optimization. The fuel flow estimation algorithm functionality differs depending on the powertrain type (gasoline versus diesel, naturally aspirated versus boosted, conventional versus hybrid electric, etc.). To facilitate fuel and time efficient vehicle routing, an adaptation algorithm based on the recursive least squares (Kalman filtering) is defined. This adaptation algorithm learns the expected values and the variances of fuel consumption and travel time from multiple drives of a given vehicle over a given route segment. The use of adaptation from data reduces the need for accurate predictive modeling of vehicle fuel consumption and travel time which depend on difficult to predict and incorporate into the model traffic conditions, topographical road information, weather conditions, and inherently present vehicle-to-vehicle, driver-to-driver and fuel variability. The use of the adaptive models for optimization of vehicle travel is showcased with a simple example of optimizing time of day of departure decisions for a service vehicle. Finally, the use of a large interconnected network of adaptive models for vehicle fleet operation optimization is discussed.
Steady flow past sudden expansions at large Reynolds number. II. Navier–Stokes solutions for the cascade expansion

The equations of motion in the steady laminar flow past a sudden expansion at large Reynolds number, R, reduce to the boundary layer equations as R tends to the freestream valve, when the longitudinal length scale of the separated eddy increases linearly and indefinitely with R. A global Newton method is presently used to obtain finite difference solutions to the steady Navier-Stokes equations up to R of 1000 for a uniform inflow past a cascade of sudden expansions. For large expansion ratio values, the eddy length increases linearly with R; for smaller values, however, where boundary layer equation solutions could not be found, the steady solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations approach the limit of an inviscid eddy in length with increasing R.
MODIFICATION OF THE EFFECTS OF GUANETHIDINE ON CARDIAC CATECHOL AMINES BY VARIOUS AGENTS.

A study has been made of the effect of injections of guanethidine in rats, in depleting catechol amines from the whole cardiac ventricles and from various subcellular fractions. Unlike reserpine, guanethidine first affected the concentration of the amines in the soluble fraction of the cell. Neither [2-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-propyl]trimethylammonium chloride monohydrate (β-methyl xylocholine) nor hemicholinium affected the endogenous catechol amines or the uptake of injected noradrenaline, but each significantly reduced the action of guanethidine in depleting catechol amines. Administration of choline chloride after hemicholinium reversed its influence on guanethidine depletion. In cats, cocaine potentiated the pressor response to noradrenaline, but antagonized the response to tyramine and guanethidine, while bretylium and N-o-chlorobenzyl-N'N”-dimethylguanidine sulphate (BW392C60) potentiated the responses to noradrenaline, tyramine and guanethidine.
Applied Optimization---A Survey

Although everyone talks about applying optimization, it is conventional wisdom that professional journals never present any examples of applied optimization. It is the purpose of this paper to assess the extent to which optimization applications are being published. To keep this task within bounds, yet provide a meaningful survey, this paper considers: 1 Only work published in the recent MS/OR literature; 2 Work done abroad as well as in the United States; and 3 A variety, but not all optimization techniques.
Nucleolar localization of hTERT protein is associated with telomerase function.

Abstract Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex that prevents telomeric erosion in eukaryotic cells. Although there are also other associated proteins in this complex, the catalytic activity of this complex is composed of two components. One is a reverse transcriptase subunit, TERT ( t elom e rase r everse t ranscriptase); another is an RNA template subunit, TR ( t elomerase R NA). However, where these two parts are assembled in mammalian cells is unclear. In the present study, we investigated the intracellular distribution of human TERT (hTERT) protein and observed that hTERT protein in individual cells could concentrate in or be excluded from the nucleolus. Further we have identified a nucleolar targeting signal in the hTERT protein. Point mutations that disrupted this signal region interrupted telomerase RNP complex formation, decreased telomerase activity, and caused telomere shortening in cells transfected with mutated hTERT. Our results indicate that the amino acid sequence of the extreme N-terminus (1–15) of hTERT, which targets nucleolar localization of the protein, is required for full telomerase function.
A feminist confronts ageism

Abstract As a feminist sociologist and gerontologist, I am aware that life and work intersect, with one arena providing fodder, challenge, or impetus for reflection upon the other. I explore those links consciously in this essay, finding some of the earlier tensions that have marked my intellectual and personal life resolved while others maintain their importance. In particular, I have experienced greater acceptance of feminist work and feel a part of a community of scholars; at the same time, I continue to struggle with the deeper levels of ageism in society, both within the disciplines in which I work and within myself.
Influenza A Viruses in American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos)

The role of many wild waterbird species in the ecology and epidemiology of avian influenza viruses (AIV) remains unclear. We report the first isolation of AIV from American White Pelicans (Pelecanus erythror-hynchos; Pelecaniformes) in North America. Two H13N9 AIVs were isolated from hatchling birds in breeding colonies in Minnesota, USA, during 2007 and 2008. Based on molecular sequencing of the hemagglutinin and neur-aminidase genes, the 2008 virus was genetically related to AIVs previously isolated from gulls and shorebirds in North America. The 2007 isolate was most related to AIVs from Eurasian gulls and North American ducks, reflecting both global movement of these viruses and reassortment between viruses associated with duck and gull reservoirs.
Peer Pressure: Social Psychology and the Political and Security Committee

Constructivist literature has recently focused on how agents’ identities are changed when entering into new international communities. Jeffrey Checkel (2005) proposes that socialization is a process in which new members of a community become inducted into the norms of that community resulting in two types of internalization: Type I socialization, in which actors act in accordance with norms without full internalization; and Type II internalization, in which new actors fully consider these norms as the “right thing to do” irrespective of exogenous factors. While socialization theory has been useful for understanding this process, scholars have not enough paid enough attention to the conditions that make international institutions viable for socialization processes. Most of the research done on actors and institutions within the EU, including the Political and Security Council (PSC), has focused on the usage of persuasion or epistemic community theory. These analyses have primarily dealt with how much socialization has taken place and the potential for this socialization to advance integration in EU foreign policy. This investigation looks into factors that can inhibit or advance this socialization process, specifically the identifiability of PSC ambassadors to their home governments and how this affects group deliberations.
Temperature dependent electron velocity-field characteristics for In 0.53 Ga 0.47 AS at high electric fields

The static electron velocity-field characteristics for n-In0.53Gan0.47AS have been measured at temperatures from 95 K to 300 K over a range of electric field strengths from about 10 kV/cm to beyond 100 kV/cm. The velocity decreases monotonically with increasing electric field at all temperatures over the range of field strengths investigated. The electron velocity-field curves for In0.53Ga0.47As exhibit a larger peak-to-valley ratio, lower high-field velocity, and a smaller high-field temperature dependence than those for GaAs measured using the same experimental technique.
The microscopic origin of the doping limits in semiconductors and wide-gap materials and recent developments in overcoming these limits: a review

This paper reviews the recent developments in first-principles total energy studies of the phenomenological equilibrium 'doping limit rule' that governs the maximum electrical conductivity of semiconductors via extrinsic or intrinsic doping. The rule relates the maximum equilibrium carrier concentrations (electrons or holes) of a wide range of materials to their respective band alignments. The microscopic origin of the mysterious 'doping limit rule' is the spontaneous formation of intrinsic defects: e.g., in n-type semiconductors, the formation of cation vacancies. Recent developments in overcoming the equilibrium doping limits are also discussed: it appears that a common route to significantly increase carrier concentrations is to expand the physically accessible range of the dopant atomic chemical potential by non-equilibrium doping processes, which not only suppresses the formation of the intrinsic defects but also lowers the formation energy of the impurities, thereby significantly increasing their solubility.
A TOWN DIVIDED: ECONOMIC STRATIFICATION AND SOCIAL RELATIONS IN A MEXICAN MIGRANT COMMUNITY*

Contrary to widespread popular belief, a significant number of Mexican migrants work only temporarily in the United States and then return to their homes in Mexico to spend their earnings. This paper examines the impact of this seasonal migration on economic stratification and inter-personal relations within one rural Mexican town. I compare three groups of townspeople: legal migrants, illegal migrants and non-migrants. Legal migrants have improved their standard of living faster than the other two groups and have become, in effect, an economic elite. Heightened economic stratification has also produced serious divisions in what was once a relatively homogeneous social system. As a result, inter-personal relations between townspeople have become increasingly circumscribed by wealth and migrant status.
SEED SET AND SEED PREDATION IN PEDICULARIS FURBISHIAE, A RARE ENDEMIC OF THE ST. JOHN RIVER, MAINE

We measured seed set and losses due to mammal and insect predation during 1983 in seven northern Maine populations of Furbish's Lousewort (Pedicularis furbishiae S. Wats.; Scrophulariaceae), a perennial herb endemic to the banks of the St. John River. Only about a quarter of initiated flowers developed a capsule with a full complement (mean = 25) of seeds. Secondary (lateral) inflorescences matured a smaller proportion of capsules than primary (terminal) inflorescences. About 58% of the initiated flower primordia were aborted or did not develop mature seeds by early September; this was probably not due to pollinator limitation. Several agents could have reduced seed production. Although spittlebugs infested between 3 and 30% (average 20%) of developing flower scapes by population, they did not depress the number of inflorescences initiated or the number of capsules matured. In contrast, 74% of capsules containing a lepidopteran seed predator (the plume moth Amblyptilia pica [Walsingham], newly discovered as a seed predator on P. furbishiae) had no seeds (mean = 3 seeds). Seed predation affected 39% of the potentially maturable capsules. In 6-30% of all capsules preyed upon, the lepidopteran was parasitized by an ichneumonoid wasp larva; these capsules matured about 7 seeds. Herbivory by rabbits, rodents, and deer also reduced seed set, eliminating 98% of the scapes at one site, and averaging 40% for other populations. Mammals and insects together removed at least 62% of maturable seeds. Populations varied widely in predation and seed set. Predispersal seed loss in P. furbishiae, coupled with slow seedling growth and occasional catastrophic mortality from ice scour and erosion, could limit population growth in this rare
German newsreel propaganda in France, 1940–1944

Excerpts from newsreels released in France during the Second World War are generally familiar to scholars thanks to their widespread use in retrospective documentaries such as Marcel Ophuls's The S...
Fluorescent cytokinins: Stretched-out analogs of N6-benzyladenine and N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl) adenine

Abstract We have synthesized and compared the cytokinin activities in the tobacco bioassay of a series of benzologs of 6-(3-methyl-2-butenylamino)purine ( N 6 -(Δ 2 -isopentenyl)adenine) ( 1a ) and 6-benzylaminopurine ( N 6 -benzyl-adenine) ( 1c ). The linear benzo analogs 8-(3-methyl-2-butenylamino)imidazo[4,5- g ]quinazoline ( 2b ) and 8-benzyla-minoimidazo[4,5- g ]quinazoline ( 2c ) are active, while 9-(3-methyl-2-butenylamino)imidazo[4,5- f ]quinazoline ( 3b ) and 6-(3-methyl-2-butenylamino)imidazo[4,5- h ]quinazoline ( 4b ) are slightly active and 9-benzylaminoimidazo[4,5- f ]-quinazoline ( 3c ) and 6-benzylaminoimidazo[4,5- h ]quinazoline ( 4c ) are inactive. Compounds 2b and 2c represent the first examples of active cytokinins containing a tri-heterocyclic moiety. The above series of compounds demonstrates structural factors that affect cytokinin activity. These compounds also have interesting fluorescence properties which could render them useful as probes to study the mechanism of cytokinin action.
Extradural spinal synovial cysts in nine dogs

Nine dogs presenting for investigation of cervical or thoracolumbar myelopathies were diagnosed with extradural spinal synovial cysts. Degenerative disease affecting the articular facets or intervertebral discs was present on plain spinal radiographs in all cases. Myelography was consistent with dorsolateral, extradural spinal cord compression. Two groups of dogs were identified: (1) young, giant breed dogs with multiple cysts involving one or more levels of the cervical spinal cord; and (2) older, large breed dogs with solitary cysts involving the thoracolumbar spinal cord. The synovial cysts constituted the major compressive lesions in four of the dogs. Analysis of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid demonstrated albuminocytological dissociation, consistent with chronic compressive myelopathy, in six dogs. All dogs underwent decompressive surgery and the diagnosis of synovial cysts was confirmed histologically. The mean follow-up period was 17 months (range four to 36 months). At the time of follow-up, all dogs were fully ambulatory with improved neurological function compared with that at initial presentation.
Mitochondrial-derived hydrogen peroxide inhibits relaxation of bovine coronary arterial smooth muscle to hypoxia through stimulation of ERK MAP kinase

Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) are potentially important in vascular oxygen-sensing mechanisms because hypoxia appears to be a stimulus for mitochondrial ROS generation; however, scave...
Analysis of solar cell array performance with open-circuit defects

Abstract The performance of solar cell arrays is greatly influenced if shading, open-circuit defects or short-circuit defects are present. The influence of these factors depends on the design configuration of the solar cell array, so it is important to search for solar cell arrays that are tolerant of such defects and give satisfactory performance with a wide range of defect structures. An analysis is presented here that concentrates on the effects of open-circuit defects in arrays with and without bypass diodes. Since an array of 10 4 cells or more has many series blocks and parallel branches, the algorithms for the analysis in the presence of a random distribution of defects become quite involved. Such algorithms are presented and a few examples are given of their application. This provides the basis for future comparative studies of desirable array configurations and the extension of the analysis to deal with short-circuit defects or lowered performance associated with shading or cell deterioration.
Methylase-limited partial NotI cleavage for physical mapping of genomic DNA.

Abstract Partial cleavage of DNA with the restriction endonuclease NotI (5'...GC/GGCCGC...3') is an important technique for genomic mapping. However, partial genomic cleavage with this enzyme is impaired by the agarose matrix in which the DNA must be suspended. To solve this problem we have purified the blocking methylase M. BspRI (5'...GGmCC...3') for competition digests with NotI. The resulting methylase-limited partial DNA cleavage is shown to be superior to standard techniques on bacterial genomic DNA. Abbreviations: bp, base-pair; kb, one thousand base-pairs; Mb, one million base-pairs; Tris, Tris(hydroxy-methyl)aminomethane; EDTA, (ethylenedinitrilo)tetraacetic; beta-ME, beta-mercaptoethanol; PMSF, phenyl methyl-sulfonyl fluoride; PEG, polyethyleneglycol (MW = 8000); 3H, tritium; SAM, S-adenosylmethionine; KGB, potassium glutamate buffer; DTT, dithiothreitol; IPTG, isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside; BSA, bovine serum albumin.
Marriage and the Motherhood Wage Penalty among African Americans, Hispanics, and Whites.

This study draws on data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (N = 5,929) to analyze the moderating effects of race and marriage on the motherhood wage penalty. Fixed-effects models reveal that for Hispanic women, motherhood is not associated with a wage penalty. For African Americans, only married mothers with more than 2 children pay a wage penalty. For Whites, all married mothers pay a wage penalty, as do all never-married mothers and divorced mothers with 1 or 2 children. These findings imply that racial differences in the motherhood wage penalty persist even for women with similar marital statuses, and they suggest that patterns of racial stratification shape women’s family experiences and labor market outcomes.
Cochlear nerve diameter in normal hearing ears using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging.

Objectives: Deficient cochlear nerves (CN) have been associated with poor cochlear implant performance. Normative data on CN diameter based on radiographic imaging have not been published. The objectives of this study were to determine if CN diameter could be reproducibly measured on parasagittal constructive interference in steady state (CISS)-sequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to establish a normative range for CN diameter. Study Design: Retrospective review of MRI images by two independent blinded observers. Methods: Thirty patients (45 ears) with a CISS-sequence MRI done for auditory complaints in patients with normal hearing in one ear were included. CN diameters were measured in a parasagittal plane just medial to the internal auditory canal (IAC) fundus by two independent observers. Cross-sectional areas were calculated and interobserver agreement was evaluated. Results: The CN was identified in 100% of studied ears. In 93%, the diameters were able to be measured by both observers. In 7% of ears, the cochlear nerve was unable to be measured secondary to the proximity of the CN to IAC wall. The CN vertical diameter (1.4 mm ± 0.21 mm), horizontal diameter (1.0 mm ± 0.15 mm), and cross-sectional area (1.1 mum ± 0.26 mm 2 ) were normally distributed. There was good interobserver correlation for each measure. Conclusions: CN diameter can be reliably measured at the IAC fundus. This study establishes normative radiographic data for the CN diameter. These data may be used to evaluate the cause and treatment prognosis in patients with sensorineural hearing loss.
Systolic blood pressure during the formation of a social dominance hierarchy in C57BL/6j mice

Housing male mice in social groups typically results in social dominance hierarchies and elevated systolic blood pressures. An exception to this pattern occurs in the C57BL/6j inbred mouse strain. C57BL/6j male mice, when handled prior to the experiment, tend to display neither social dominance hierarchies nor systolic hypertension. In the present experiment, we found that when C57BL/6j males compete for social dominance, as indicated by wounding, they also show elevations in systolic pressure. The association of social hierarchy and systolic pressure elevation can be found not only in aggressive mouse strains, but also within the more pacific C57BL/6j strain when it is exposed to competition.
Living Life In My Own Way—And Dying That Way As Well

A health foundation executive receives a diagnosis of terminal breast cancer and, with the help of a doctor who respects her goals, forgoes aggressive treatment in favor of palliative care.
Revisiting Media Priming Effects of Sexual Depictions: Replication, Extension, and Consideration of Sexual Depiction Strength

Two experiments were used to examine how sexual media primes influence perceptions of an unknown target's sexual characteristics and ultimate ratings of the target's appeal. Participants were randomly assigned to one condition of a fully crossed 3 (control, weak sexual, or strong sexual media prime) × 3 (general, dating, or professional social networking profile) design. Participants were first exposed to a website that contained banner and sidebar advertisements that were either high in explicitness and emphasis on sexual intercourse, low in explicitness and emphasis on intercourse but still related to sex, or devoid of sexual cues altogether. These banner and sidebar areas constituted the prime. Participants then rated the sex-related qualities and overall appeal of a target represented by an online social media profile from Facebook.com, LiveJournal.com, BlackBookSingles.com, or LinkedIn.com. Findings supported the main hypothesis that sexual media enhance the perceived sexual characteristics attribute...
The supratonsillar approach to the inferior cerebellar peduncle: anatomy, surgical technique, and clinical application to cavernous malformations.

Objective To introduce the supratonsillar approach, an approach that traverses the tonsillobiventral fissure in a trajectory over the cerebellar tonsil to the inferior cerebellar peduncle, and to demonstrate the utility of this approach for resecting peduncular cavernous malformations. Methods Anatomy of the cerebellar tonsil and surrounding fissures, arteries, and veins are reviewed using cadaveric brain specimens. The surgical approach uses the three-quarter prone position, a suboccipital craniotomy, and wide splitting of the tonsillobiventral fissure. Results Of our experience with 171 patients with cavernous malformations, six patients had lesions in the inferior cerebellar peduncle that were resected using the supratonsillar approach. All cavernous malformations were removed completely and no patients experienced surgical complications or new deficits. Conclusion The supratonsillar approach differs from the transvermian and telovelar approaches to the fourth ventricle, with a more superolateral trajectory that leads instead to the inferior cerebellar peduncle. By splitting the tonsillobiventral fissure and mobilizing the tonsil inferomedially, the point of access to the lesion is deepened and transgression of normal cerebellar tissue is minimized. This elegant approach is ideally suited to the removal of cavernous malformations.
Clinical Management of the Phencyclidine Psychosis

(1976). Clinical Management of the Phencyclidine Psychosis. Clinical Toxicology: Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 539-545.
Design of optimum compressed air energy-storage systems☆

Abstract Compressed air energy storage (CAES) power systems are being considered by electric utilities for load-leveling application. Their economic benefit and the extent of premium fuel conservation is dependent on their design. An optimum design approach for CAES is presented in this paper. It is based on decomposition of the overall CAES plant/utility grid system into three partially-decoupled sybsystems. Technical and economic models of the subsystems are used in a constrained optimization procedure. The constraints are imposed by the physical characteristics of the subsystems, by interaction among the subsystems and by the interfacing requirements imposed by the utility. To illustrate the concepts, models for the system comprising the compressor train, piping, and an aquifer reservoir have been used in the optimization procedure. Results from these studies show that substantial reductions in capital cost and total operating cost can be achieved using optimization techniques.
The Effect of Input Device on Performance of a Driving Task in an Uncoupled Motion Environment

Objective: To examine the effect of input device on performance of a driving task during uncoupled motion (UM). Background: Muth, Walker & Fiorello (2006) demonstrated that UM affected performance on a driving task with a steering wheel input device. However, it was unclear if the effect was due to general (motion sickness) or specific (interference with motor control) effects of UM. Methods: Ten participants completed a driving task while in a stationary and a moving real vehicle using a handheld control pad. Data were combined with the results of the previous study. Results: Regardless of input device, performance was significantly affected by UM, F (1, 18) = 16.69, p < 0.01, p2=0.48. There was also a condition by input device interaction, F (1, 18) = 4.81, p < 0.05, p2=0.21. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that UM can have both specific and general effects and that system design can potentially mitigate some of these effects.
Effects of Ultraviolet-B Irradiation on Human LAK and NK Cytotoxic Activity

In vitro ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation of murine and rodent bone marrow cells prevents GVHD without compromising engraftment while inducing tolerance to donor-type allografts. In anticipation of clinical trials of UVB-modified bone marrow grafts, we studied the in vitro effects of UVB irradiation (50-300 J/m2) on human natural killer and lymphokine activated killer cells since both types of cells influence the development of GVHD and graft-versus-tumor effect. Interleukin-2-activated and untreated human lymphocytes were used as effectors in a 51Cr release cytotoxic assay against various tumor cell lines as targets. NK-mediated lysis of K562 targets was decreased by UVB irradiation of the effector cells in a dose-dependent manner. FACS analysis of CD16+ and CD56+ cells 24 hr after UVB exposure showed a UVB-dose-dependent decrease in the number of cells expressing these surface markers. UVB irradiation of lymphocytes prior to activation with high-dose IL-2 resulted in a range of 20- to 89-fold decrease in LAK precursors as measured by limiting dilution analysis using the LAK-sensitive cell line HL60. In contrast, the LAK activity of lymphocytes that had been stimulated in vitro with high-dose IL-2 prior to UVB irradiation was preserved when assayed immediately after UVB modulation; however, there was a significant decrease in lytic activity (with most samples tested) when the assay was performed 24 hr after UVB exposure. It appears that the lymphocyte response to UVB modification is dose dependent, with some cell types displaying higher sensitivity to UVB irradiation than others. These findings suggest that prevention of GVHD by UVB is due, in part, to inhibition of NK activity, and may offer a new strategy to augment the graft versus leukemia effect of UVB-modified bone marrow grafts in clinical transplantation.
B-cell enrichment and infusion in CD4+/CD8+ T-cell depleted products for donor innate immune lymphocyte infusion: is risk of EBV-associated lymphocyte post transplantation lymphoproliferative disease a concern?

B-cell enrichment and infusion in CD4+/CD8+ T-cell depleted products for donor innate immune lymphocyte infusion: is risk of EBV-associated lymphocyte post transplantation lymphoproliferative disease a concern?
Data Handling With Two Independent Variables and the Bezier Filter

Bezier functions of two independent variables are excellent vehicles for three dimensional data reduction that require preservation of derivative content. They can be applied to both smooth and noisy data. They represent the original data with good fidelity. The approximation is smooth and continuous to a high degree. The coefficients of the approximating Bezier function are obtained through a non iterative algebraic relation. These coefficients can replace the original data leading to significant data reduction. The Bezier function also allows the data over the entire domain to be represented by simple bivariate polynomials in two parameters. This continuous representation allows easy extraction of gradient and higher derivative information about the data. The first two examples demonstrate the technique using smooth data. Using random perturbation on these examples, two additional examples are generated to represent noisy data. It is shown that the underlying original smooth data can be recognized using the same algorithm. This process is recognized as the Bezier filter in this paper. These examples illustrate that the Bezier functions are excellent for data approximation, reduction, transformation, and smoothing. The Bezier function is global over all of the data so that any interpolated data have the same properties as the rest of the data. The examples establish two important properties in the use of Bezier functions for data analysis. The mean of the original data and the approximate data using Bezier function are the same. Large orders of polynomials can be used without significant distortion in the approximation.© 2009 ASME
Cardiovascular Function in Children with Severe Anemia

We investigated the hemodynamic status of seven children (aged 7 months to 14 years) with severe iron-deficiency anemia or anemia due to renal disease before and after the anemias were corrected by isovolumetric exchange transfusions. In the anemic state (Hb 1.9 to 3.8 g/100 ml) mean values for cardiac index were 7.71 L/min/m2, for heart rates 129/min, for stroke index 61.7 ml/m2, for diastolic pressure 61 mm Hg, and for systemic vascular resistances 11.5 resistance units (RU). After the anemias were corrected, mean values for cardiac index fell to 4.58 L/min/m2, heart rate to 92/min, and stroke index to 50.5 ml/m2; diastolic pressure rose to 74 mm Hg, and systemic vascular resistance to 22.8 RU. Post-exchange values were statistically significantly different from anemic values and were within normal limits for children. The mean cardiac index in anemic children was approximately the same as in adults with equally severe anemia; in children, increases in heart rate were greater and increases in stroke vol...
Finite analytic numerical method for unsteady two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations

A finite analytic (FA) numerical solution is developed for unsteady two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. The FA method utilizes the analytic solution in a small local element to formulate the algebraic representation of partial differential equations. The combination of linear and exponential functions that satisfy the governing equation is adopted as the boundary function, thereby improving the accuracy of the finite analytic solution. Two flows, one a starting cavity flow and the other a vortex shedding flow behind a rectangular block, are solved by the FA method. The starting square cavity flow is solved for Reynolds number of 400, 1000, and 2000 to show the accuracy and stability of the FA solution. The FA solution for flow over a rectangular block (H x H/4) predicts the Strouhal number for Reynolds numbers of 100 and 500 to be 0.156 and 0.125. Details of the flow patterns are given. In addition to streamlines and vorticity distribution, rest-streamlines are given to illustrate the vortex motion downstream of the block.
Radioactive labeling of the adenine nucleotide pool of cells as a method to distinguish among intracellular compartments: Studies on human platelets

The study of adenine nucleotide metabolism is complicated by cellular nucleotide compartmentalization. In platelets, we have been able to use radioactive labeling with adenine to measure, precisely and accurately, changes in the cytoplasmic/mitochondrial pool of adenine nucleotides inspite of the fact that 60% of adenine nucleotides are present in amine-storing granules. High performance liquid chromatography was used to measure the concentrations of ATP, ADP, AMP and IMP from [14C]adenine-labeled platelets under conditions where the granule pool was absent. The radioactive measurements were directly proportional to the chemical measurements. Ethanol-insoluble, actin-bound ADP also had the same specific radioactivity as other metabolic adenine nucleotides. Since this pool can be directly separated from the bulk of cellular nucleotides, its specific radioactivity can be easily measured and used to calculate the concentration of each cytoplasmic adenine nucleotide from its measured radioactivity. These methods may be applicable to other cells.
Polyethylene glycol 400: solvent and anticonvulsant?

Abstract In drug research, administration of agents with limited water solubility frequently requires the use of solvent systems. Such systems are intended to serve as vehicles and ideally, should not possess intrinsic pharmacological activity at useful doses. For over 30 years, the polymeric glycols have enjoyed widespread use because of their unusual solubility characteristics, low order of toxicity and wide range of compatibilities (1). More often than not, their “inertness” has been assumed rather than tested. In the assessment of anticonvulsant efficacy in our monkey model, drugs are administered by continuous intravenous infusion to circumvent the problems of incomplete bioavailability and oscillations in plasma levels. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been used at concentrations of 35 to 65% to solubilize carbamazepine, clonazepam and 3-bromo-n-ethylcinnamamide. In all three studies, PEG was also tested alone to control for its potential efficacy. These controls reveal that this solvent possess a defined spectrum of anticonvulsant activity and toxicity.
Ventricular arrhythmia storms in postinfarction patients with implantable defibrillators for primary prevention indications: A MADIT-II substudy

Background Much of prognostic implications of ventricular arrhythmia storms remain unclear. Objective We evaluated the risk associated with electrical storm in patients with defibrillators in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial II (MADIT-II) study. Methods Electrical storm was defined as ≥3 episodes of ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) in 24 hours. Results Of the 719 patients who received internal cardiac defibrillator (ICD) implants and had follow-up in the MADIT-II, 27 patients (4%) had electrical storm, 142 (20%) had isolated episodes of VT/VF, and the remaining 550 patients had no ICD-recorded VT events. Baseline clinical characteristics among the groups were similar. Patients who experienced electrical storm had a significantly higher risk of death. After adjustments for relevant clinical covariates, the hazard ratio (HR) for death in the first 3 months after the storm event was 17.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.0 to 39.5, P P = .02). Study patients with isolated VT/VF episodes also were at an increased risk of dying (HR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.5 to 4.0, P P = .02) and isolated VT or VF HR 9.2 (95% CI 4.0 to 20.9, P Conclusion Postinfarction patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction in whom electrical storm developed have significantly higher mortality than patients with only isolated VT/VF as well as those without any episodes of VT/VF. Patients who experienced postenrollment ventricular arrhythmias and/or interim coronary events during follow-up were at higher risk for VT/VF storms.
A typology for generating needs assessments

There are many techniques available to the developer who is attempting to understand a performance problem. Needs assessment is one of those techniques. The developer can interview, distribute questionnaires, ponder extant records... But what questions does the developer ask? Which behaviors should be observed? What feelings and priorities are sought? The challenge for developer is in the conception of the substance of individual items and groups of items. This article presents a typology which guides the developer in creating needs assessment items, the building blocks of front end analysis.
Development of an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator for SIRTF

Abstract An adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) is being developed for the Multiband Imaging Photometer for SIRTF (MIPS). This refrigerator will cool infrared bolometers to 0.1 K to allow background limited sensitivity across the wavelength range from 0.2 to ≈1.5 mm. Two ADRs have been built and tested to demonstrate the capabilities required for a space mission. One, a laboratory ADR, achieves a hold time of > 12 h at 0.1 K. Temperature stability of ≈ 3 μ K r.m.s. is obtained by regulating the magnetic field. A method for growing durable salt pills has been developed, and a system for suspending them with Kevlar cords has been demonstrated to withstand accelerations of 30 g from 5 Hz to 1 kHz. A second, similar ADR will fly on a balloon borne telescope. A ferromagnetic shield and a reliable, solenoid activated mechanical heat switch have been developed for this refrigerator. Techniques for constructing low heat leak current leads will also be discussed.
Molecularly tailored adjuvant chemotherapy for resected non-small cell lung cancer: a time for excitement and equipoise.

Abstract In patients with previously-untreated, completely-resected pathologic stage II–III non-small cell lung cancer, 4 months of postoperative cisplatin-based chemotherapy reduces the risk of death by approximately 20%. To date, the only prospectively validated prognostic and predictive factor which can be used to guide clinical practice is pathologic stage. Higher stage patients have a worse prognosis, but derive more benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Numerous molecular markers are being developed with the potential to help decide which patients to treat with adjuvant chemotherapy, and which drugs to use. This paper will review the molecular markers which are having immediate impact on treatment decisions in routine practice, and which merit further study in the next generation of adjuvant chemotherapy trials.
Subcortical Lesions and Aphasia

Recent evidence suggests that subcortical lesions can give rise to aphasic symptoms. Two subcortical structures thought to participate in the pathogenesis of aphasia are the basal ganglia and the thalamus. This paper reports on 3 patients with lesions of the thalamus and 10 patients with lesions of the basal ganglia, most of whom had persistent aphasias. The role of subcortical structures in aphasia and the importance of subcortical structures in neural models of language are discussed.