cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A 410GHz CMOS Push-Push Oscillator with an On-Chip Patch Antenna

The uses of terahertz systems (300 GHz to 3 THz) in radars, remote sensing, advanced imaging, and bio-agent and chemical detection have been extensively studied. A compact and low-cost signal source is a key circuit block of terahertz systems. Traditionally, the circuits have been built using highly optimized III-V technologies. With the advances of CMOS, it has become realistic to consider terahertz circuits in CMOS. This paper reports a signal source operating near 410 GHz that is fabricated using low-leakage transistors in a 6 M 45 nm digital CMOS technology.
Withdrawal from continuous or intermittent cocaine: Behavioral responsivity to 5-HT1 receptor agonists

Research on chronic cocaine administration indicates that both the dose and route of administration influences the effects of chronic cocaine. Rats were pretreated with 40 mg/kg/day cocaine for 14 days by either SC injections or osmotic minipumps. Rats were then withdrawn from the pretreatment regimen for 7 days and their behavior rated following injections of 5-hydroxytryptamine1A (5-HT1A) or 5-HT1B agonists. In Experiment 1, rats received 0- to 4.0-mg/kg IP injections of 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), a selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist. In Experiment 2, rats received 0- to 16.0-mg/kg IP injections of 7-trifluoromethyl-4(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)- pyrrolo[1,2a]quinoxaline (CGS 12066B), a selective 5-HT1B receptor agonist. The results of Experiment 1 indicated that rats receiving cocaine via osmotic minipumps exhibited marked 5-HT1A receptor subsensitivity. In contrast, rats receiving daily cocaine injections sometimes demonstrated evidence of 5-HT1A supersensitivity and sometimes demonstrated evidence of 5-HT1A normosensitivity. The results of Experiment 2 indicated there were no consistent differences between the pretreatment groups in the behavioral response to CGS 12066B, although there were significant differences at single, isolated time points. Overall, the results indicate that, at least in the present behavioral paradigm, the effects of chronic cocaine administration are mediated by changes in 5-HT1A receptor sensitivity but not by changes in 5-HT1B receptor sensitivity.
The Effect of Toolpath Intersection Angle in Metal Deposition

The issue of overlapping or intersection in the toolpath is an issue in the metal deposition as the material is continuously added to the previous layer. Using various control schemes can achieve a better quality. However, such schemes fail to delivery satisfactory results when there are different intersection angles in the deposition toolpath. In order to overcome the problem caused by the intersection angle, the effect of them on the deposition should be well studied. This paper discusses the effect of toolpath intersection angle using design of experiment method. The impact of various parameters in the deposition process is studied. The approach and method can be integrated with path planning for a metal deposition process.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
The Role of Retinal versus Perceived Size in the Effects of Pitched Displays on Visually Perceived Eye Level

Visually perceived eye level (VPEL) was measured while subjects viewed two vertical lines which were either upright or pitched about the horizontal axis. In separate conditions, the display consisted of a relatively large pair of lines viewed at a distance of 1 m, or a display scaled to one third the dimensions and viewed at a distance of either 1 m or 33.3 cm. The small display viewed at 33.3 cm produced a retinal image the same size as that of the large display at 1 m. Pitch of all three displays top-toward and top-away from the observer caused upward and downward VPEL shifts, respectively. These effects were highly similar for the large display and the small display viewed at 33.3 cm (ie equal retinal size), but were significantly smaller for the small display viewed at 1 m. In a second experiment, perceived size of the three displays was measured and found to be highly accurate. The results of the two experiments indicate that the effect of optical pitch on VPEL depends on the retinal image size of stimuli rather than on perceived size.
Size optimization of synthetic graft copolymers for in vivo angiogenesis imaging.

Angiogenesis is a critical step in tumor development and more than 25 angiogenesis inhibitors are currently in clinical trials. Noninvasive in vivo imaging of angiogenesis represents a unique opportunity of repeatedly quantitating microvascular parameters prior to and during anti-angiogenic treatments. While several imaging tracers have been proposed for MR and nuclear imaging, there does not exist any consensus of what constitutes an ideal size of an imaging agent. A series of synthetic pegylated DOTA derivatized graft copolymers (30, 60, 120 kDa) were synthesized and their in vivo behavior tested in two breast cancer models differing in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. Polymers were labeled with different lanthanides (Eu, Gd, Dy) and absolute blood and tumor concentrations were determined by ICP-AES measurements. DOTA and the 30 kDa polymers underwent renal clearance resulting in low plasma levels. Slow leakage across neovasculature into tumor interstitium was clearly dependent on t...
A microprocessor-aided modified Simons' reactor system for electrochemical fluorination processes

Abstract A modified Simons' reactor system has been developed for electrochemical fluorination processes. This reactor employs batch mixer design criteria to enhance and enable the characterization of the mass transfer in the reactor. Four monopolar packs of electrodes, each comprised of two nickel anodes sandwiched between three nickel cathodes, were used. A more uniform anodic current density distribution was achieved and the electrode packs were oriented to serve as baffles for the mixed flow field. A custom designed and fabricated, Motorola 6800 based, microprocessor system in conjunction with an IBM Personal Computer and other accessories are employed for data acquisition, monitoring and control of the process. The uniqueness of the design and operational characteristics of this microprocessor-aided modified Simons' Reactor System will be discussed.
Emotion in online college classrooms: examining the influence of perceived teacher communication behaviour on students' emotional experiences

This research focused on teacher communication behaviour as an influential factor in students’ educational experiences. This study examined students’ perceptions of emotion (involving teachers’ emotional support, students’ emotional work and students’ positive emotional valence toward class and teacher) as influenced by a variety of predicting variables: perceptions of teacher affinity-seeking as well as teachers’ positive behaviour alteration techniques, verbal immediacy and teacher online presence (involving the three factors of instructional design, organisation facilitating discourse and direct instruction). Relying on survey data collected from undergraduate and graduate students across disciplines enrolled in course offerings at a large public university, quantitative analysis examined relationships among existing factors previously studied in educational and communication research. Although this study uncovered multiple significant relationships between variables in the data set, students’ percepti...
Host recognition by the gypsy moth [Lymantria dispar] [Lep.: Lymantriidae] hyperparasite,Eurytoma appendigaster [Hym.: Eurytomidae] of cocoons ofCotesia melanoscela [Hym.: Braconidae]

Artificial and modified natural hosts were exposed to females of the gypsy moth [Lymantria dispar (L.)] hyperparasite,Eurytoma appendigaster (Swederus), to investigate its host recognition behavior on the primary host, which are cocooned larvae of the gypsy moth parasite,Cotesia melanoscela (Ratzeburg). Material(s) which caused drilling behavior by the hyperparasite on host cocoons were extracted with both polar and non-polar solvents. However, cocoons washed with large volumes of solvent still caused substantial drilling activities by females, suggesting that additional cues may be important. Results suggest that host recognition in this hyperparasite involves a variety of host characteristics.
Charge distribution in the symmetric fission of 238U by 450 MeV protons

Abstract Cumulative cross sections of 111 Pd, 111 Ag, and 111 In, as well as of several other palladium and silver nuclides have been determined in the fission of 238 U by 450 MeV protons. The results have been fitted to a Gaussian charge distribution. The analysis indicates that the neutron-to-proton ratio of the most probable product, N/Zp, has a constant value of 1·420±0·003 for A = 103–112; the full width at half maximum of the distribution is 2·90±0·10 Z units; the isobaric fission cross section in the region of symmetric fission is 68±4 mbarn.
Sequential estimation in distributed parameter systems with time delays

This paper considers the problem of optimal estimation of the states of a class of discrete distributed parameter systems subject to multiple time delays. The time delays are assumed to occur in both the system and the observation models. Algorithms are presented for obtaining estimates and the associated error variances sequentially.
On the dynamic response of EBR-II ducts to pressure pulses

Abstract An important consideration for the continued irradiation of experiments to and beyond pin failure in EBR-II is the response of the duct to a pressure pulse that may result from the rapid release of gas from a failed pin. Although all fuel element failures to date in EBR-II have been benign, typically pjn-holes or hairline cracks, the possibility of cladding bursts during transients cannot be precluded. Thus, the EBR-II project has performed numerous pressure pulse tests on subassembly duct and is continuing with analytical studies as well as additional testing. Investigations are being conducted within the fail-safe analysis framework. Correlation of the duct test results yielded an empirical relationship between the permanent deformations of a duct, and the pressure and volume of the fission gas in the fuel element. Results of the correlation are given for a number of variables including the type of gas, the cladding and duct material, the presence of internal restriction to gas flow, and whether predefected tubes of rupture discs are used to produce the pressure pulse. Preliminary dynamic stress analyses have been conducted using the one-dimensional finite element code, STRAW (Report ANL-8065, June 1974). A comparison of analytical predictions of maximum permanent duct deflection between flats and test results is presented in this paper. The analytical results are shown only for the deflection of a single flat. Since the analysis assumes an axisymmetric pressure pulse, opposing flats have equal deformation. However, in the tests the duct flat closest to the opening in the pressurized tube experienced the largest deformation. Parametric analyses have been conducted to study the influence of pulse shapes and material properties on duct deformation. Initial studies using a triangular pulse have shown that the pulse decay time and plastic hardening slope of the material have negligible influence on duct deformation. Consequently, subsequent studies used a constant decay time of 2 msec and a slope of 80 psi. Among the results discussed in the paper are the influence of peak pressure and yield strength on duct deformation for two rates of pressure rise and the influence of non-uniform pressure on duct deformation. The pressure is assumed to vary linearly from the middle of the flat to the corner. A pressure increase from a uniform 200 to 300 psi at the middle of a flat, increases the deformation by only 14 mil. These results demonstrate the importance of the pulse shape and its distribution over the duct and the material properties of the latter. Additional parametric investigations of duct deformation and dynamic stresses are being conducted. Two-dimensional finite element codes are being employed to study the fracture resistance of irradiated ducts.
Risk factors for gallstone-related hospitalization during pregnancy and the postpartum.

OBJECTIVES: Gallbladder disease is a leading nonobstetrical cause for hospitalization in the first year postpartum. The aim of this study was to define the incidence and risk factors for postpartum hospitalization as a result of gallstone-related disease. METHODS: We identified 6,670 women with discharge diagnoses related to biliary disease from linked birth certificate and hospital discharge databases for Washington State from 1987 through 2001. Cases were women with gallstone-related diagnoses at delivery or as primary diagnosis in the postpartum. Four controls who were within 1 yr postpartum were randomly selected for each case and matched for year of delivery. From the birth certificates, we obtained data about patient demographics, reproductive history, and pregnancy-related risk factors. In a retrospective case-control study, we developed multiple logistic regression models to identify independent risk factors for hospitalization. RESULTS: We identified 6,211 women as cases (0.5% of all births) during the study period. The median time to hospitalization was 95 days (interquartile range 46-191 days), with a median length of stay of 3 days. Seventy-six percent were diagnosed with uncomplicated cholelithiasis, 16% with pancreatitis, 9% with acute cholecystitis, and 8% with cholangitis. Seventy-three percent of hospitalized women underwent cholecystectomy, and 5% underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). On multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for hospitalization included maternal race, age, being overweight or obese prepregnancy, pregnancy weight gain, and estimated gestational age. CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalization for gallstone-related disease is common in the first year postpartum, most commonly for uncomplicated cholelithiasis. Risk factors for hospitalization include prepregnancy body mass index, race, Hispanic ethnicity, and maternal age.
Fetal growth pattern is regulated sex-specific dependent on maternal BMI

Aims In previous studies we could show that male neonates with a Body Mass Index (BMI) <10P have a double risk to develop obesity during the first 6 years of life compared to females. As the main factor of influence for developing obesity we could identify the maternal BMI for both male and female infants. This leads to the hypothesis that maternal overweight has a sex specific influence on the intrauterine fetal growth pattern (Brune et al: Obesity 2010, 4:798-802).
Development of 3T3-like lines from Balb/c mouse embryo cultures: Transformation susceptibility to SV40

Balb/c mouse embryo cultures that are carried under a rigid transfer schedule that minimizes cell-cell contact evolve into permanent lines that possess properties very similar to 3T3. From the same embryo cultures, a transfer schedule where cell-cell contact is extensive leads to lines (Balb/3T12) that form multiple cell layers and have saturation densities up to 25-fold higher than the Balb/3T3 lines. All the lines are hypotetraploid. Comparison of the Balb/3T3 lines with 3T3 reveals similar morphology, ability to grow at high dilution, low saturation density, and high susceptibility to transformation by SV40 virus. The Balb/3T12 lines, which are continually maintained at high cell density, show little improvement in cloning efficiency. Infection with SV40 produces transformants that can be selected by their ability to form colonies at low cell densities. Using the appropriate selective system for each line, it appears that SV40 T antigen induction and transformation in Balb/3T3 and Balb/3T12 are comparable.
LINKING MICRO AND MACRO‐LEVEL PROCESSES: INTERACTION ANALYSIS IN CONTEXT

In this article, I address connections between processes at the micro (e.g., negotiation) and macro or contextual levels of analysis. The discussion situates process analysis in the broader settings in which the interactions take place. The first major section shows how various contextual factors may influence micro‐level processes. These factors include events, structures or institutions, and cultures. In the second major section, I consider the ways that small‐group processes may influence the macro‐level context. Societal (organizational, international) changes may result from such processes as those that occur in problem‐solving workshops, educational exchanges, and formal negotiations, including the objectives sought and strategies used, the tone and content of rhetoric displayed, and the formats and procedures devised. The article concludes with a way to conceptualize the linkages between processes and structures at the different levels.
Assessment of two fractal scattering models for the prediction of the optical characteristics of soot aggregates

The calculations of the optical characteristics of fractal aggregates find important applications in a wide spectrum of disciplines. Consequently, considerable research efforts have been invested to develop models to predict the scattering properties of aggregates. A comprehensive understanding of the accuracy of these models is highly desirable for the users. Therefore, this study assessed two commonly-used fractal scattering models, in terms of their accuracy for predicting both the integrative scattering properties (e.g., the scattering cross section) and the angular scattering properties (e.g., the elements of the Mueller scattering matrix). The results were organized as contour plots with respect to scattering angle and aggregate size to facilitate the estimation of error introduced by these models in practical applications. Meanwhile, a direct comparison and evaluation of these models was also performed, which can potentially enable a hybrid model for better accuracy. This study was conducted under the context of scattering by soot aggregates; hence, the results are expected to be directly applicable for soot characterization by laser scattering.
Probing the orientation and conformation of alpha-helix and beta-strand model peptides on self-assembled monolayers using sum frequency generation and NEXAFS spectroscopy.

The structure and orientation of amphiphilic α-helix and β-strand model peptide films on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have been studied with sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. The α-helix peptide is a 14-mer, and the β-strand is a 15-mer of hydrophilic lysine and hydrophobic leucine residues with hydrophobic periodicities of 3.5 and 2, respectively. These periodicities result in the leucine side chains located on one side of the peptides and the lysine side chains on the other side. The SAMs were prepared from the assembly of either carboxylic acid- or methyl-terminated alkyl thiols onto gold surfaces. For SFG studies, the deuterated analog of the methyl SAM was used. SFG vibrational spectra in the C−H region of air-dried peptides films on both SAMs exhibit strong peaks near 2965, 2940, and 2875 cm−1 related to ordered leucine side chains. The orientation of the leucine side chains was determined from the phase o...
Efficient one-time proxy signatures

Proxy signatures allow a signer to delegate signing ability to a proxy signer. Many schemes have been proposed for proxy signatures under typical security requirements. The authors propose a proxy signature model with extended security requirements. Based on Shamir's online/offline signature scheme, a proxy signature scheme is proposed for the model. In addition to the typical requirements, the proposed scheme satisfies other very important security requirements. It is shown that the scheme can provide signature indistinguishability, restrict the proxy signing power, provide signature unlinkability, resolve internal disputes, and is more efficient.
Phosphorus in histones

Abstract An investigation was made into the nature and extent of phosphorus and of nonhistone phosphorylated molecular species in histones and histone fractions. The distributions of radiophosphorus, of labeled nucleic acid precursors and of intact labeled nucleic acids during histone preparation and fractionation were presented. Evidence was obtained confirming the presence of O -phosphoserine in histone chromatographic fractions R, I and III-IV. Both RNA and DNA, or their derivatives, were shown to accompany certain histone fractions through extensive fractionation procedures. Further observations suggested that RNA, or a RNA derivative, was uniquely and firmly bound to certain histone subfractions. The significance of these observations was discussed.
Gestational weight gain and maternal and neonatal outcomes in term twin pregnancies in obese women.

Limited data is available that estimates the effect of gestational weight gain on maternal and neonatal outcomes in term twin pregnancies in obese women. A historical cohort study of 831 obese (BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2) women in Missouri delivering 1,662 liveborn, term (≥37 weeks gestation) twin infants in 1998–2005 was conducted. Three gestational weight gain categories were examined: 42 pounds. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated with multiple logistic regression, using the 2009 Institute of Medicine provisional guideline of 25–42 pounds as the reference group. Significant increasing trends with gestational weight gain were found for preeclampsia (p 2,500 grams (p 80% of birth weight of larger twin). Women who gained >42 pounds had a borderline significantly higher odds of preeclampsia than women who gained 25–42 pounds (adjusted OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.00–2.99, p = .052). No significant differences were found for 1-min Apgar score <4, 5-min Apgar score <7, or infant mortality ≤1 year. Our study suggests that increasing gestational weight gain is associated with larger infants but increased risk of preeclampsia and cesarean delivery in term twin pregnancies in obese women. Limiting gestational weight gain could reduce the risk of preeclampsia and cesarean delivery. Prospective studies of other study populations and maternal/infant outcomes are needed to evaluate the efficacy of the Institute of Medicine guideline.
Effects of unilateral temporal lobe removals in man on tachistoscopic recognition in the left and right visual fields

Abstract Thirteen patients with right temporal lobe removals, ten with left temporal lobe removals, and forty-four normal subjects were compared on tachistoscopic recognition in the left and right visual fields. Result and conclusions were as follows: 1. (1) When a group of four letters was presented in either the left field or the right in random succession, both operated groups were impaired relative to the normal subjects in both visual fields; furthermore, each operated group tended to show a relatively greater impairment in the field contralateral to the removal. The severity of the recognition loss was found to be unrelated to the presence or severity of upper quadrantic visual field defects. The results are interpreted as supporting the view that extrageniculo-striate mechanisms within both right and left temporal lobes facilitate visual perception, and that each makes its contribution to vision by interacting mainly with the visual system of the same hemisphere. 2. (2) When two groups of four letters were presented simultaneously (with one in the left field and one in the right), the right temporal group again showed impairment in both visual fields, but the left temporal group now showed impairment only on the right. A second difference in the effects of left and right temporal removals was revealed by a correlational analysis: under conditions of succesive presentation, the left temporal group showed a nearly perfect correlation between recognition in the two fields, whereas the right temporal group showed a non-significant correlation. An attempt was made to relate these differences in the effects of left and right temporal removals to previous findings of “dominance” of the right temporal lobe for visual perception. 3. (3) One aspect of perceptual performance which was not affected by the removals was the gradient of recognition for the several letter positions within a field. These gradients were found to differ between the two fields for the normal subjects and patients alike, and it was suggested that the differential gradients might account for the overall differences in recognition between left and right field which have previously been reported for normal subjects.
Initiation of transcription and nucleologenesis in equine embryos

The time of activation of the embryonic genome (maternal-embryonic transition) in equine embryos was investigated by assessing incorporation of 3H-uridine and nucleolar development. In Experiment 1, embryos were recovered from the oviduct (n = 15) and the uterus (n = 3). Recovered embryos were assessed for morphologic development and quality score. Recovered embryos with less than 8 cells (two cells, n = 4; four cells, n = 5; five cells, n = 2) were incubated with 3H-uridine (560 microCi/ml) for 10 hr, while eight-cell embryos (n = 2), morulae (n = 2), and blastocysts (n = 3) were incubated with 280 microCi/ml for 0.5-1 hr. At the end of incubation, embryos were washed twice in PBS with 10% FBS and incubated for 30 min with 2.5 mg/ml of unlabelled uridine. Embryos were spread onto glass slides, dipped into emulsion, and exposed for 8 d, then developed and counterstained with Giemsa and propidium iodide. Embryos at the blastocyst, morula, eight-cell, and five-cell stages incorporated 3H-uridine into their cell nuclei as detected by autoradiography. In a second experiment, nucleologenesis in equine embryos was examined by transmission electron microscopy. Nucleoli or nucleolar precursors were found in 12 of 23 embryos examined. Most embryos in the four- to six-cell stage (n = 7) had nucleolar precursor bodies (npb) consisting of homogeneous fibrillar structures. Two five- to six-cell embryos also possessed reticulated nucleoli with both fibrillar and granular components as did all eight-cell embryos (n = 3). Nucleoli in one morula and one blastocyst were reticulated with prominent granular components, fibrillar components, and apparent fibrillar centers. These results indicate that incorporation of 3H-uridine and the formation of functional nucleoli with typical fibrillar and granular components occurs between the four- to eight-cell stage in equine embryos.
4He as a dilute bose gas

Abstract Superfluid 4 He films adsorbed on Vycor glass, which is a highly interconnected 3D substrate, provide an opportunity for the study of mobile 4 He atoms in the low density limit. This system shares many of the features of a low density 3D gas and can provide an experimental realization of a dilute weakly interacting Bose fluid.
Data warehousing and decision support at the National Agricultural Statistics Service

Easy access to large collections of historical survey and census data and the associated metadata that describes them has long been the goal of researchers and analysts. Solutions to problems such as understanding the behavior of current survey data, respondent burden, improved statistical techniques, and data quality are often found in the careful analysis of historical data. Many questions have gone unanswered because the data were not readily available, access was limited, metadata were not well defined, or query performance was intolerably slow. This article describes the database modeling techniques that permit end users fast and easy access to large amounts of microlevel data contained in different data systems and from different time frames. Also, techniques for tracking metadata changes and standardization are discussed. A generalized dimensional model is presented that can be used for any census or survey to track the full history of the data series.
EEPROM as an analog storage device, with particular applications in neutral networks

The use of EEPROM as a compact, high-precision, nonvolatile, and reconfigurable analog storage element is investigated, with particular consideration given to the modifiable weight storage and analog multiplication problems in the hardware implementation of a neural network. Industry-standard digital EEPROM cells can be programmed to any analog value of threshold voltage, but programming characteristics of different devices on the same chip vary. The programming window of a single device also narrows with cycling. These phenomena necessitate the use of a feedback-based programming scheme. Stressing at high temperature suggests that charge retention is good even at 175 degrees C. The linear variation of threshold voltage with temperature implies that temperature compensation of EEPROM is no more complicated than its conventional MOSFET counterpart. The drain current in the saturation region is found to be a quadratic function of drain voltage when the floating-gate-to-drain overlap capacitance is adequately large. A differential circuit that uses this property to generate the multiplication function required of neural net synapses is proposed. >
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE EFFICACY OF CAPTOPRIL IN A 7 YEAR OLD BOY INADEQUATELY CONTROLLED BY MINOXIDIL

Minoxidil (M) has obviated the need for bilateral nephrectomy in patients with severe hypertension (HBP) unresponsive to conventional drugs. However, use of this agent is accompanied by significant side effects including hirsutism and fluid retention. Captopril (C) has recently been shown to be useful for treatment of severe HBP and may offer an effective alternative to M. Experience with a 7 y.o. boy with HBP afforded the opportunity to assess the efficacy of C for HBP inadequately controlled by M. HBP followed an episode of crescentic glomerulonephritis with subsequent chronic renal insufficiency. In 1976, maximum blood pressure (BP) was 240/190 despite multiple drug therapy. M was initiated and adequate BP control was attained on 25 mg/day as well as Furosemide 400 mg/day and Propranolol 160 mg/day. Complications included transient pericardial effusion, episodes of congestive heart failure, and progressive cardiomegaly. In Jan., 1980, BP was 160/100-110 despite increase of the M to 50 mg/day. Creatinine clearance was 25 cc/min/1.73 sq.m.; serum creatinine = 2.1 and BUN=200 mg/dl; peripheral renin=60 ng/ml/hr. M and Propranolol were discontinued and C was initiated. Following 3 weeks of C, BP was 120/70 on a dose of 37.5 mg tid (2 mg/kg/dose), as well as Furosemide 80 mg/day and Metoprolol 100 mg/day. Renal function and BUN were essentially unchanged. No adverse effects were apparent. The initial results indicate that C was an effective hypotensive agent in a child inadequately contolled on M.
Effect of the co-existence of galactosyl and phosphomannosyl residues on β-hexosaminidase on the processing and transport of the enzyme in mucolipidosis I fibroblasts

Cultured fibroblasts from patients with the lysosomal storage disease, mucolipidosis II, produce complex glycosylated lysosomal enzymes which are preferentially excreted presumably due to the absence of specific phosphomannosyl recognition residues needed for intracellular retention. Complex glycosylated hydrolases are also produced by fibroblasts from patients with mucolipidosis I but an abnormal excretion is not apparent in this disorder. Intra- and extracellular distribution, lectin binding, and specific endocytosis were criteria used to compared the properties of intra- and extracellular beta-hexosaminidase derived from mucolipidosis I and normal fibroblast cultures. Mucolipidosis I fibroblasts did not hyperexcrete beta-hexosaminidase when maintained in serum-free medium. Using the specificity of ricin binding to terminal galactosyl residues, the most galactosylated forms of the enzyme derived from mucolipidosis I cell extracts and culture fluids were found in the mucolipidosis I cell extracts (50% of total enzyme). Mucolipidosis I-excreted beta-hexosaminidase which was eluted from ricin-120-Sepharose, was a high-uptake form in endocytosis experiments while unbound enzyme was a low-uptake form. These data suggest that beta-hexosaminidase molecules contained phosphomannosyl residues necessary for receptor-mediated endocytosis as well as galactosyl residues on the same molecule. The co-existence of complex chains with high-mannose chains did not interfere with the phosphomannose-mediated endocytosis of beta-hexosaminidase nor with the retention of endogenous enzyme. We can speculate that since complex oligosaccharide chains in the mucolipidosis I cellular enzyme persist due to a sialidase deficiency, more extensive sialylation of cellular enzyme in normal fibroblasts probably occurs at some point during post-translational processing. However, the presence of sialidase in normal cells initiates complex chain trimming in the lysosomes resulting in a less glycosylated end product.
Practical Stability and Finite-Time Stability of Discontinuous Systems

The trajectory bounds of discontinuous systems are treated within a stability framework. In doing so, stability is defined in terms of prespecified subsets of the state space over an infinite time interval (practical stability) and over a finite time interval (finite-time stability). The discontinuous systems considered are those which are described by ordinary discontinuous differential equations which may be autonomous or nonautonomous, linear or nonlinear. In all cases it is assumed that the differential equation possesses solutions in the sense of Filippov. The results obtained yield sufficient conditions for practical stability and finite-time stability. In order to demonstrate application of the methods advanced, specific examples are considered.
SU-E-T-221: Evaluation of Technology Using Probabilistic Decision Models

Purpose:Medical physicists are often asked to evaluate or choose appropriatetechnology for clinical applications. These are multidimensionalproblems that also suffer from different degrees of uncertainty in thevariables. Probabilistic decision models are a robust andmathematically correct means of handling these issues. The principlesof constructing such models are presented along with practicalexamples in the areas of IGRT,IMRT and proton therapy.Methods: Influence diagrams are used to model the variables and theiruncertainties and include action and reward variables. Influencediagrams are directed acyclic graphs that use Bayesian probabilitycalculus to propagate probabilities and to update prior probabilitiesin the presence of evidence. An influence diagram was used to modelthe question of whether braintumors are better treated with x‐rayIMRT or proton therapy, with or without CT‐guided localization. Datafor the conditional probabilities of the model were obtained from theliterature and included models of TCP, NTCP and induction of secondmalignancies, as well as data on the probability density functions forinterfraction patient motion. Dosimetric data were obtained using theCMS treatment planning system. Results: Several different tumor types and sites were studied. The critical variables in the model were identified andstudied using analyses of evidence, parameters and value ofinformation. The impact of imaging was significant, regardless of theradiation type. The models used in determining some of theconditional probabilities parameters also played an important role inranking alternatives. Conclusions: Although such choices are difficult, physicists mustproceed with the best data at hand. Without a rigorous framework onwhich to build a model of the process, decisions are likely to be based onunstated assumptions and incorrect inference. The example ofcomparing irradiation modalities for braintumors shows the power ofinfluence diagrams in this critical context.
An integrated optoelectronic chip for sensing aromatic hydrocarbon contaminants in groundwater

Abstract The local evanescent array coupled (LEAC) chip-scale sensor is demonstrated for rapid detection of benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX) in water at sub-ppm concentrations with minimal sample preparation. BTX analytes are found to concentrate into the chip's Teflon AF upper cladding sensing region, causing an increase in refractive index, which modulates evanescent coupling into the chip's integrated photodetector array. Integration of the photodetector array simplifies system instrumentation and permits incorporation of an on-chip photocurrent reference region in the immediate vicinity of the sensing region, reducing drift due to temperature fluctuations. A nearly linear response is demonstrated for all tested concentrations between 1 ppm and 30 ppm, and a limit of detection of 359 ppb, 249 ppb and 103 ppb is demonstrated for benzene, toluene and xylene in water, respectively. The effect of matrix interference contaminants is investigated and a method for identifying individual contaminants based on extraction of the contaminant's diffusion coefficient is presented.
The Form of Referential Expressions in Discourse

Most instances of real-life language use involve discourses in which several sentences or utterances are coherently linked through the use of repeated references. Repeated reference can take many forms, and the choice of referential form has been the focus of much research in several related fields. In this article we distinguish between three main approaches: one that addresses the ‘why’ question – why are certain forms used in certain contexts; one that addresses the ‘how’ question – how are different forms processed; and one that aims to answer both questions by seriously considering both the discourse function of referential expressions, and the cognitive mechanisms that underlie their processing cost. We argue that only the latter approach is capable of providing a complete view of referential processing, and that in so doing it may also answer a more profound ‘why’ question – why does language offer multiple referential forms.
The Anticenter Shell and the Anticenter Chain

Wide-bandwidth and high-sensitivity H I observations toward the Galactic anticenter cast a new light on the nature of the anticenter shell (ACS). The isolation of the anomalous-velocity H I from the intermediate-velocity gas permitted by differential rotation dramatically changes the interpretation of the supershell. Instead of appearing as an almost complete shell, the ACS decomposes into two separate filaments elongated parallel to the plane. The H I features are explained by a global model involving the continued impact of anticenter chain high-velocity clouds (ACHVCs) with the disk of the Galaxy. The "northern filament" is hooked at its high-longitude end and turns to run nearly perpendicular to the plane. This "V"-shaped remnant is expected for an oblique impact of a high-velocity cloud (HVC) with the disk. HVCs are not expected to be corotating with the Galaxy, therefore any impact with the rotating disk will be oblique. An H I cloud with a slightly more negative velocity is found embedded in the northern filament. It is termed AC 0 and is considered the almost completely merged forerunner of AC I and the rest of the ACHVCs. Additional H I filaments previously found at intermediate velocities are similarly elongated parallel to the Galactic plane. All the filaments posses nearly linear velocity gradients with respect to Galactic longitude. The standard kinematic distances computed from these velocity gradients are in general large and dissimilar. They can be explained by differential rotation, but the assumption of a flat rotation curve must be removed. Remnants formed from the oblique impact of HVCs are expected to have smaller circular velocities than the quiescent disk gas. This results in higher observed velocity gradients and an overestimate of the kinematic distances. The model presented here is able to explain the three fundamental observables of the H I toward the anticenter: (1) the presence of the ACHVCs and their termination at the Galactic plane, (2) the dominance of negative velocities, and (3) the tendency for most features to be elongated parallel to the Galactic plane.
Collision of spinning black holes in the close limit

In this paper we consider the collision of spinning holes using first order perturbation theory of black holes (Teukolsky formalism). With these results (along with ones published in the past) one can predict the properties of the gravitational waves radiated from the late stage inspiral of two spinning, equal mass black holes. Also, we note that the energy radiated by the head-on collision of two spinning holes with spins (that are equal and opposite) aligned along the common axis is more than the case in which the spins are perpendicular to the axis of the collision.
Evaluation of immunity and protective efficacy of a dengue-3 premembrane and envelope DNA vaccine in Aotus nancymae monkeys

A dengue (DEN) virus type 3 DNA vaccine expressing pre-membrane and envelope genes was tested for immunogenicity and protective efficacy in Aotus monkeys. Five of six vaccinated animals demonstrated moderate DEN-specific antibody responses as measured by ELISA and virus neutralization in vitro. By contrast, none of the six control animals developed detectable anti-DEN antibodies. When five vaccinated animals were challenged with live DEN-3 virus and viremia determined by PCR amplification of viral RNA in serum samples, one animal was completely protected and two were partially protected as indicated by a decrease in mean days of viremia. The results demonstrate the ability of the DEN-3 DNA vaccine to elicit a neutralizing antibody response and to partially protect against live virus challenge. These findings support the inclusion of this construct in a tetravalent DNA vaccine.
Velocity prediction in high-gradient channels

summary In 15 mountain stream reaches containing instream wood, we characterized velocity and flow resistance at bankfull through low flows. These data were: (1) used to assess the accuracy of previously published velocity prediction techniques for high-gradient channels; and (2) were combined with field data from other studies to develop general methodologies for predicting velocity and flow resistance in alluvial and mixed alluvial-bedrock channels both with and without step-forming instream wood. Velocity and flow resistance were poorly predicted by variables characterizing grain size and relative grain submergence. Conversely, methods based on detrended standard deviation of bed elevations (rz) and relative bedform submergence (h/rz) explained up to 84% of the variance in the measured flow resistance coefficients and 97% of the variance in dimensionless velocity. With an average velocity of 0.44 m/s for the collected measurements, velocity was predicted with RMS (root mean square) error as low as 0.071 m/s (16% of average) when discharge and bedform geometry is known and 0.10 m/s (23%) when only bedform geometry is known. Additionally, an empirical relationship indicates V=u � ¼ h=r z, supporting previouslypublished laboratory findings using a field-based dataset in complex high-gradient channels. Interactions between instream wood and clasts result in substantially enhanced step heights and flow resistance. This compound effect defies description by grain size and relative grain submergence. However, rz and h/rz quantify variability due to both clasts in combination with wood and clasts alone, providing relatively accurate predictions for the tested dataset and indicating substantial predictive capabilities in channels where bedforms are the primary source of flow resistance. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Model for the surface reconstruction phase transition of clean and hydrogen-adsorbed W(001) surfaces: Low-coverage solution

Abstract We summarize the theoretical indications and experimental evidence justifying a shortrange structural model for the clean and H-adsorbed W(001) surface reconstruction phase transition. A detailed study of the effect of the adsorbate treated as a lattice gas within the context of such a model is presented. The results, though based on mean field theory, are accurate in the low-cover-age region within the context of the model and succeed in reproducing the low-coverage features of the phase diagram, thus enabling a determination of some of the interaction constants in the model. The energy difference between distortions along the 〈11〉 and 〈10〉 directions is 3.0 × 10−3 eV per atom. The force exerted on a surface W atom by an adsorbed H atom in an adjacent bridge site is 0.04 eV u 0 , where u0 is the magnitude of the clean surface W atom displacement at low temperature.
Variant of a theorem of Erdős on the sum-of-proper-divisors function

In 1973, Erdős proved that a positive proportion of numbers are not of the form σ(n) − n, the sum of the proper divisors of n. We prove the analogous result where σ is replaced with the sum-of-unitary-divisors function σ∗ (which sums divisors d of n such that (d, n/d) = 1), thus solving a problem of te Riele from 1976. We also describe a fast algorithm for enumerating numbers not in the form σ(n)−n, σ∗(n)−n, and n−φ(n), where φ is Euler’s function.
A Comprehensive Chemical Kinetic Reaction Mechanism for Oxidation and Pyrolysis of Propane and Propene

Abstract Abstract—A detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanism is developed to describe the oxidation and pyrolysis of propane and propene. The mechanism consists of 163 elementary reactions among 4l chemical species. New rate expressions are developed for a number of reactions of propane, propene, and intermediate hydrocarbon species with radicals including H, 0, and OH. The mechanism is tested by comparisons between computed and experimental results in shock tubes and the turbulent flow reactor. The resulting comprehensive mechanism accurately reproduces experimental data for pressures from 1 to 15 atmospheres, temperatures from 1000 to 1700 K, and fuel-oxidizer equivalence ratios from 0.066 to pyrolysis conditions. The mechanism also predicts correctly laminar flame properties for propane and propene, and detonation properties for propane.
THE WRITINGS OF HENRY A. LATANÉ: A COMPILATION AND ANALYSIS

Henry A. Latane: A Brief Biographical Sketch A native Virginian, Henry A. Latane was born in Buchanan, Botetourt County, in 1907. He received a BA degree from the University of Richmond in 1928 and an MBA degree from Harvard University in 1930. From 1930 to 1940 he was employed by Bankers Trust Company of New York as a security analyst. In 1940 he joined Lionel D. Edie and Company, also in New York, and remained with that firm as a security analyst until 1951. It was while he was with Lionel D. Edie that his first publication appeared, a short article in the Journal of the American Statistical Association (1942) concerning deriving seasonal factors in economic time series data. The Latane family moved from New York to Chapel Hill, North Carolina in 1951, where he obtained a Ph.D. degree in Economics from the University of North Carolina in 1957. Before completing his doctorate, however, he had published articles in the Southern Economic Journal, The Journal of Finance, and The Review of Economics and Statistics, all in 1954. His dissertation, completed in 1957 and entitled “Rational Decision Making in Portfolio Management,” provided the foundation for many of the Latane writings that have appeared in subsequent years. Latane joined the faculty of the University of North Carolina as a Research Associate in 1958 and was appointed Professor of Finance and Economics in 1960. He was elected Meade H. Willis, Sr. Professor of Investment Banking in 1969 and achieved emeritus status in 1981. He was one of the first to obtain the professional designation Chartered Financial Analyst in 1965. For many years he has been a member of both the New York Society and the North Carolina Society of Security Analysts. He served as Vice President of the Southern Economic Association during 1974–1976 and was an Associate Editor of The Journal of Finance from 1973 to 1981.