cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Water quality estimation of River plumes in Southern Lake Michigan using Hyperion

Abstract This study focuses on the calibration of an existing bio-geo-optical model for studying the spatial variability of water quality parameters including chlorophyll (CHL), non-algal particles (NAP), and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in episodic river plumes. The geographic focus is the St. Joseph River plume in southern Lake Michigan. One set of EO-1 Hyperion imagery and one set of boat-based spectrometer measurements were successfully acquired to capture episodic plume events. Coincident water quality measurements were also collected during these plume events. In this study, a database of inherent optical properties (IOPs) measurements and spectral signatures was generated and used to calibrate the bio-geo-optical model. Field measured concentrations of NAP and CDOM at 67% of the sampled sites fall within one standard deviation of the retrieved means using the spectrometer measurements. The percentage of sites, 88%, is higher for the estimation of CHL concentrations. Despite the dynamic nature of the observed plume and the time lag during field sampling, 77% of the sampled sites show field measured CHL and NAP concentrations falling within one standard deviation of the Hyperion derived values. The spatial maps of water quality parameters generated from the Hyperion image provided a synoptic view of water quality conditions. Results show that concentrations of NAP, CHL, and CDOM were more than three times higher in conjunction with river outflow, and inside the river plumes, than in ambient water. It is concluded that the storm-initiated plume is a significant source of sediments, carbon and chlorophyll to Lake Michigan.
How should patients taking the discontinued diabetes drug troglitazone be managed

The newer insulin sensitizers appear safe, but monitoring for hepatotoxicity is still warranted.
Optical Tunability of Resonant Fabry-Perot Saturable Absorbers with Application to Optical Switching

We demonstrate optical switching in a Fabry-Perot saturable absorber (FPSA) using pump-probe technique at 5 MHz rate. The mechanism is based on controlling the reflectivity of the FPSA via the pump power while operating the device at its resonant.
Biology of Immature Eurybia elvina (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), a Myrmecophilous Metalmark Butterfly

We studied a population of the riodinid butterfly, Eurybia elvina Stichel, in the state of Veracruz, Mexico. The relationship of the larvae and pupae with ants was documented and the previously unknown immature stages were described. All five instars bear a pair of tentacle nectary organs that produce an exudate harvested by ants which is similar to the ant-attracting extrafloral nectar produced by the host plant, Calathea ovandensis . Larvae live cryptically on the inflorescences and feed on buds, flowers, and young fruits. Development from egg to adult took ca. 45 d. Although it is clear that immature E. elvina exhibit special adaptations for living with ants, the benefits they derive from the association are still unknown.
Effects of intramolecular hydrogen bonding on solute retention in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Elution characteristics of some isomeric benzamides

Separation de benzamides substitues. Ordre d'elution de benzamides isomeres et relation avec la formation de liaisons hydrogenes intramolecules
Drug Development and Biologics in Asthma. A New Era

Considerable progress has been made toward developing targeted biological therapeutics for asthma, due in large part to a deeper understanding of asthma pathophysiology. This explosion of knowledge has revealed asthma to be a much more complex and heterogeneous entity than previously understood. The identification of particular asthma phenotypes with distinct pathophysiologic mechanisms has opened up a new era for patient populations not well served by current therapies, especially patients with severe asthma.
American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI)-2010 annual meeting. 26 February-2 March 2010, New Orleans, LA, USA.

Abstract The 2010 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI) meeting, held in New Orleans, included topics covering new therapeutic developments in the fields of allergy, asthma and immunological diseases. This conference report highlights selected presentations on potential treatments for food and other allergies, as well as therapies for asthma and other immunological diseases. Investigational drugs discussed include Oralair Mites (Stallergenes SA/Paladin Labs Inc), PF-03654746 (Pfizer Inc) and AMG-853 (Amgen Inc).
Two-photon absorbing porphyrins for oxygen microscopy(Conference Presentation)

The ability to quantify oxygen in vivo in 3D with high spatial and temporal resolution is invaluable for many areas of the biomedical science, including ophthalmology, neuroscience, cancer and stem biology. An optical method based on oxygen-dependent quenching of phosphorescence is being developed, that allows quantitative minimally invasive real-time imaging of partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in tissue. In the past, dendritically protected phosphorescent oxygen probes with controllable quenching parameters and defined bio-distributions have been developed. More recently our probe strategy has extended to encompass two-photon excitable oxygen probes, which brought about first demonstrations of two-photon phosphorescence lifetime microscopy (2PLM) of oxygen in vivo, providing new valuable information for neuroscience and stem cell biology. However, current two-photon oxygen probes suffer from a number of limitations, such as low brightness and high cost of synthesis, which dramatically reduce imaging performance and limit usability of the method. Here we present an approach to new bright phosphorescent chromophores with internally enhanced two-photon absorption cross-sections, which pave a way to novel proves for 2PLM. In addition to substantial increase in performance, the new probes can be synthesized by much more efficient methods, thereby greatly reducing the cost of the synthesis and making the technique accessible to a broader range of researchers across different fields.
Hurricane risk assessment for offshore wind plants

This study describes a framework for estimation of structural damage to offshore wind plants during hurricanes. Related risk assessment is fundamentally dependent on the estimation of hurricane-gen...
Standing in the Gap: Theory and Practice Impacting Educational Opportunity and Achievement Gaps:

This case study is the first known employing flow in educational administration in the United States. Using Csikszentmihalyi’s flow theory and Dantley’s purpose-driven leadership, an administrator’s practices were examined with respect to two guiding questions: (a) is purposefulness integral to closing extant gaps in achievement, and (b) are the elements of flow found in successful educational administration? The recorded interview was subjected to template analysis developed from tenets of both theories. The results are that all nine elements of flow were found, as were the tenets of purpose-driven leadership in the work experience of an administrator’s success in closing the district’s achievement gap.
Not Just an Athlete: The Impact of High School Coaches on the Educational Pursuit of First-year African American College Football Players

Elite high school football players face a barrage of pressures from their external environment that determine where they attend college as well as what factors, whether academic or athletic, they consider in a school. This study aims to analyze the relationship between African American high school football players, who go on to play intercollegiate football, and their high school football coaches. African American freshmen football players at a predominantly white institution in the Southwest United States were interviewed. The responses were compared and analyzed using two tenants of critical race theory (CRT): the centrality of experiential knowledge and the challenge to the dominant ideology. In an educational context, CRT utilizes storytelling and the experiences of people of color to highlight their experiences against the dominant culture in order to transform the educational environment for the benefit of marginalized people. After analyzing the interview transcriptions, the researchers found that ...
Unsuspected Renal Tumors Associated with Renal Cysts

AbstractA series of renal tumors associated with renal cysts is presented. Prior to surgical exploration appropriate diagnostic studies failed to indicate evidence of the presence of neoplastic lesions. The importance of surgical exploration of avascular "benign" renal masses is emphasized.
Accidental occupational exposure of intravenous nurses to human immunodeficiency virus. Anticipating the consequences.

This descriptive study randomly surveyed all 302 Massachusetts members of the Intravenous Nurses Society in 1991 regarding their perceptions of nine possible consequences of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection caused by accidental occupational exposure. Areas of highest concern were financial: adequacy of worker's compensation, ability of the employer to cover all healthcare costs, and job security. Nurses also were concerned about confidentiality of their HIV status and personal history jeopardizing their benefits. The i.v. nurses felt most secure in areas of their personal lives: housing and support of family and friends. Although some concerns correlated significantly with fear of contagion, others were unrelated, indicating a need for policy and attitude changes to promote comfort in working with HIV.
Comparison of Pressure Measurements in the Lower Urinary and Lower Fecal Pathways

The bladder and rectal ampullae have similar but not identical innervation from the spinal cord S2 to S4. A comparison of the functional behavior of the bladder and rectal ampullae was done with a cystometrogram and an ampullometrogram. The behavior of the urethral and anal sphincters was compared with electromyography and pressure profiles. In 20 patients there was a close relationship between the functional behavior of the lower urinary and lower fecal pathways.
Gulf Perspectives on the Global Rebalancing

This chapter ends Part I of this book by mapping the motivations and policy objectives that underpin the qualitative change in global engagement evident in GCC capitals since the turn of the millennium. It begins with an evaluation of the impact of the processes of globalisation on the Gulf that argues that the economic dimensions have largely been embraced whereas the political and socio-cultural aspects of globalisation have been subject to pushback. Yet, official scepticism of theoretical or normative concepts such as ‘global governance’ has not distanced the GCC states from actively participating in the evolving structures of global power, politics, and policymaking. Hence, the second section of this chapter explores three instances where individual Gulf States have engaged pragmatically in attempts to reshape international governing structures. These are the attempts to leverage GCC states’ roles in recapitalising struggling Western institutions during the global financial crisis in 2007–2008 into greater representation in the architecture of international finance; the greater emphasis on positioning the Gulf States at the forefront of new frameworks of energy governance;
Topical ophthalmic lipid nanoparticle formulations (SLN, NLC) of indomethacin for delivery to the posterior segment ocular tissues.

Purpose The objective of the present study was to formulate indomethacin (IN)-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and to investigate their potential use in topical ocular delivery.
A rapid virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) method for assessing resistance and susceptibility to cassava mosaic disease

Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) is a major constraint to cassava production in sub-Saharan Africa. Under field conditions, evaluation for resistance to CMD takes 12–18 months, often conducted across multiple years and locations under pressure from whitefly-mediated transmission. Under greenhouse or laboratory settings, evaluation for resistance or susceptibility to CMD involves transmission of the causal viruses from an infected source to healthy plants through grafting, or by using Agrobacterium-mediated or biolistic delivery of infectious clones. Following inoculation, visual assessment for CMD symptom development and recovery requires 12–22 weeks. Here we report a rapid screening system for determining resistance and susceptibility to CMD based on virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of an endogenous cassava gene. A VIGS vector was developed based on an infectious clone of the virulent strain of East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV-K201). A sequence from the cassava (Manihot esculenta) ortholog of Arabidopsis SPINDLY (SPY) was cloned into the CP position of the DNA-A genomic component and used to inoculate cassava plants by Helios® Gene Gun microparticle bombardment. Silencing of Manihot esculenta SPY (MeSPY) using MeSPY1-VIGS resulted in shoot-tip necrosis followed by death of the whole plant in CMD susceptible cassava plants within 2–4 weeks. CMD resistant cultivars were not affected and remained healthy after challenge with MeSPY1-VIGS. Significantly higher virus titers were detected in CMD-susceptible cassava lines compared to resistant controls and were correlated with a concomitant reduction in MeSPY expression in susceptible plants. A rapid VIGS-based screening system was developed for assessing resistance and susceptibility to CMD. The method is space and resource efficient, reducing the time required to perform CMD screening to as little as 2–4 weeks. It can be employed as a high throughput rapid screening system to assess new cassava cultivars and for screening transgenic, gene edited and breeding lines under controlled growth conditions.
Ribosome profiling the cell cycle: lessons and challenges.

Understanding the causes and consequences of dynamic changes in the abundance and activity of cellular components during cell division is what most cell cycle studies are about. Here we focus on control of gene expression in the cell cycle at the level of translation. The advent of deep sequencing methodologies led to technologies that quantify the levels of all mRNAs that are bound by ribosomes and engaged in translation in the cell (Ingolia et al. Science 324:218–223, 2009). This approach has been applied recently to synchronous cell populations to find transcripts under translational control at different cell cycle phases (Blank et al. EMBO J 36:487–502, 2017; Stumpf et al. Mol Cell 52:574–582, 2013; Tanenbaum et al. Elife 4:e07957, 2015). These studies revealed new biology, but they also have limitations, pointing to challenges that need to be addressed in the future.
Integrated pre-drill and real-time geomechanical modelling brings significant benefits to deepwater wildcat exploration drilling campaign – a case study

This case study demonstrates the significance of integrated pre-drill geomechanical modelling and real-time monitoring for drilling wildcat exploratory wells in the deepwater settings of an offshore field in South-East Asia. The key challenges in the area include deeper water depths (1.6 km), lack of relevant offset well information and a complex geological setting. In this project, the primary input data for the pre-drill geomechanical model were low resolution 2D seismic velocities derived from an un-calibrated velocity model and petrophysical data from an offset well located in shallow waters, 100 km away from the deepwater prospect. During pre-drill planning, a contingency casing plan was put in place to consider the uncertainties in the model and cover the worst-case scenario of high pore pressure (PP). To reduce the uncertainty during drilling, the well was monitored in real-time and the pre-drill predictions improved whenever new information or data became available. The objective was to have good data coverage to assist in real-time geomechanical modelling for operational decision making. Real-time wellbore stability monitoring was carried out by utilising all available drilling and logging data as well as logging while drilling (LWD), pressure measurements and seismic while drilling (SWD) velocities. Wellsite interpretation on cuttings, cavings and formation gases were also integrated into the model predictions. Based on real-time monitoring, pre-drill predictions and model parameters were continuously updated for the next planned section at the end of each section target depth (TD). Interactive real-time monitoring with continuous pre-drill model updates before drilling the subsequent sections helped to not only deepen the intermediate hole sections, but also to drill efficiently with proper mud weight management and without any significant wellbore instability issues. This integrated workflow helped to successfully drill two exploratory wells, with the major benefit of eliminating the contingency 6ʹʹ slim-hole section.
Do reasoning limitations undermine discourse

ABSTRACTWhy does discourse so often seem shallow, with people arguing past one another more than with one another? Might contributing causes be individual and logical rather than only dialogical? We consider here whether there exist errors in reasoning that could be particularly damaging in their effects on argumentive discourse. In particular, we examine implications for discourse of two such errors – explanation as a replacement for evidence and neglecting the likelihood of multiple causes contributing to an outcome. In Studies 1 and 2, we show these errors to be prevalent in a cross section of adults, as well as samples of community college students and young adolescents, with minimal age-related improvement. They also occur, although less frequently, among a sample of highly educated adults, and in Study 3, we examine their role in the discourse of college-educated adults. We point finally to evidence that these individual reasoning errors are potentially addressable through education.
Language use in social network sites: The influence of orality in the digital writing of Mexican bilinguals

The language used in digital communication has erroneously been considered a simple extension of spoken language. However, research has established that writers in digital environments reshape orthographies to construct identities and audiences and with the help of other social-semiotic resources such as images, sounds, and hyperlinks, they create new meanings (Androutsopoulos, 2015; Knobel and Lankshear, 2008; Mills, 2010). Such research has not thoroughly examined bilingual populations, who employ their often vast repertoire of language varieties to similar ends. The goal of this article is to explore a specific case of how orality influences writing in the digital spaces of members of a social network of Mexican bilinguals. By studying how these bilinguals communicate on Facebook, we can observe how in relationship to the semi-public platform, they create new meanings through linguistically innovative audience-based writing. This practice aids them in maintaining their bilingualism and their bilingual identity.
The silencing of political context in health research in Ethiopia: why it should be a concern

In 2004, the Ethiopian government launched what has been called an innovative and groundbreaking solution to the country's public health challenges; the Health Extension Programme (HEP). The positive public health outcomes that have been reported following the implementation of the HEP have led researchers and global health actors to propose it as a model for other countries to emulate. In this systematic review, we point to a potential weakness and methodological bias in the existing research. Despite being implemented within a context of an increasingly authoritarian regime, research conducted following the implementation of HEP reflects a limited discussion of the political context. Following a discussion of why political context is marginalized we provide arguments for why a focus on political context is important: first, political context has an impact on health systems and actualizes questions related to good governance and ethics. While some of the studies we reviewed acknowledge the importance of political factors we contend that the one-sided focus on the positive relationship between political will, political commitment and political leadership on the one hand, and key public health outcomes on the other, reflects a narrow engagement with health system governance frameworks. This leads to a silencing of issues actualized by the authoritarian nature of the Ethiopian regime. Secondly, the political context has methodological implications. More specifically, we contend that the current political situation increases the probability of social desirability bias. In order to balance the overarching positive literature on Ethiopia's health system, research that takes the political context into account is much needed.
A Spatially Detailed and Economically Complete Blue Water Footprint of the United States

This paper quantifies and maps a spatially detailed and economically complete blue water footprint for the United States, utilizing the National Water Economy Database version 1.1 (NWED). NWED utilizes multiple mesoscale federal data resources from the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), the U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE), and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) to quantify water use, economic trade, and commodity flows to construct this water footprint. Results corroborate previous studies in both the magnitude of the U.S. water footprint ( F ) and in the observed pattern of virtual water flows. The median water footprint ( F CUMed ) of the U.S. is 181 966 Mm 3 ( F Withdrawal : 400 844 Mm 3 ; F CUMax : 222 144 Mm 3 ; F CUMin : 61 117 Mm 3 ) and the median per capita water footprint ( F' CUMed ) of the U.S. is 589 m 3 capita −1 ( F' Withdrawal : 1298 m 3 capita −1 ; F' CUMax : 720 m 3 capita −1 ; F' CUMin : 198 m 3 capita −1 ). The U.S. hydro-economic network is centered on cities and is dominated by the local and regional scales. Approximately (58 %) of U.S. water consumption is for the direct and indirect use by cities. Further, the water footprint of agriculture and livestock is 93 % of the total U.S. water footprint, and is dominated by irrigated agriculture in the Western U.S. The water footprint of the industrial, domestic, and power economic sectors is centered on population centers, while the water footprint of the mining sector is highly dependent on the location of mineral resources. Owing to uncertainty in consumptive use coefficients alone, the mesoscale blue water footprint uncertainty ranges from 63 % to over 99 % depending on location. Harmonized region-specific, economic sector-specific consumption coefficients are necessary to reduce water footprint uncertainties and to better understand the human economy's water use impact on the hydrosphere.
Scaling up to the ecosystem level

The exchanges of solar energy, carbon dioxide, water vapor and trace gases between a forest and the atmosphere are among the most fundamental processes to be quantified when studying the physiological and ecological functioning of a forest and the chemistry and climate of its overlying atmosphere. A forest must attain energy to sustain the work that is needed to assimilate carbon dioxide, for biosynthesis, to evaporate water, and to transport nutrients from the soil to the plant. Concurrently, these activities require flows of substrate material, which are obtained from the atmosphere and soil.
Skin mapping for the classification of generalized morphea.

Background Generalized morphea lacks cohesive clinical features, limiting its clinical and investigative utility. Objective We sought to use computerized lesion mapping to objectively subtype morphea. Methods We conducted a 2-part cross-sectional study. In part 1, we created a discovery cohort of patients with generalized morphea of whom lesion maps were created to characterize subsets. Clinical and demographic features were compared between proposed subsets to determine if they identified clinically relevant differences. In part 2, we created a validation cohort to determine if proposed criteria were applicable to different individuals. Results A total of 123 patients with generalized morphea were included. Mapping produced 2 distribution patterns that encompassed the majority in both cohorts: isomorphic (areas of skin friction) and symmetric (symmetrically distributed on trunk/extremities). In the discovery cohort, the isomorphic subset was older (55.6 ± 12.7 vs 42.2 ± 20.1 years, P P = .05), and more often had lichen sclerosus changes (12/43 vs 8/43, P = .02); involvement of the reticular dermis, subcutaneous fat, and/or fascia was more common in symmetric (10/43 vs 1/30) ( P = .02). These features persisted in the validation cohort. Limitations Single cohort was a limitation. Conclusions Symmetric and isomorphic subsets possess distinctive demographic and clinical features, suggesting they more accurately define the phenotype of generalized morphea. Consideration should be given to revising classification.
Prevalence of Concentrated Flow Paths in Agricultural Fields in Southern Illinois

Literature on prevalence of concentrated flow paths (CPFs) in agricultural fields are limited at field scale with only few studies that address occurrence of CFPs at large geographic extent. This study used high-resolution Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data to identify CFPs in agricultural fields and calculate the percentage of the fields drained by CFPs at a county scale. In 389 agricultural fields across Jackson County, southern Illinois, this study also investigated the association between field characteristics and CFP formation using multiple regression and CART analysis. The mean number of CFPs in a field was 5 with a minimum of 0 and maximum of 17 CFPs. The majority of the CFPs fell under the large category for CFP length and drainage area that corresponds with high mean percent (81%) of field area drained by the CFPs. Further, 85% of the fields had more than 70% of their area drained by CFPs. The multiple regression and CART analysis showed slope as an important factor influencing CFP characteristics such as number of CFPs and CFP length. Both analyses also indicated physical soil properties such as bulk density, soil erodibility factor, saturated hydraulic conductivity, LS factor, organic matter, and percent sand were also predictors of the CFP characteristics. However, these factors explained only 2 to 12% of the variation observed. The significant presence of CFP’s has important implications for water quality since current conservation practices such as riparian buffers were not designed to address concentrated flow from agricultural fields.
Development of preimplantation rabbit embryos in vivo and in vitro.

Abstract Qualitative patterns of protein synthesis in preimplantation rabbit embryos grown in vivo and in vitro were examined by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by autoradiography. The results demonstrate that (1) most qualitative changes in the pattern of protein synthesis occur during cleavage, (2) the blastocyst period of development is characterized by a remarkably uniform and constant pattern of protein synthesis, and (3) the qualitative pattern of protein synthesis in embryos cultured in vitro from the 1-cell to the blastocyst stage is essentially identical to the pattern of protein synthesis in embryos grown to a comparable stage in vivo . These results indicate that no “special” maternal factors, such as uterine proteins, are required in vitro either for the qualitative changes in the pattern of protein synthesis during cleavage, or for the initial expression of a pattern of protein synthesis characteristic of the entire blastocyst period. From these studies we conclude that, once fertilized, the rabbit egg proceeds through cleavage and blastocyst formation on its own endogenous developmental program.
Treatment of Childhood Anxiety in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) commonly experience clinically significant anxiety disorders. Diagnosis and assessment of anxiety disorders in youth with ASD has proven difficult. Potential contributing factors to the development of anxiety disorders in this population are discussed. Furthermore, the chapter reviews research on the effectiveness of modified cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) that addresses both the anxiety and clinical needs of youth with ASD. The chapter concludes with a case study exemplifying a modified CBT program for a child with high-functioning autism.
Gendering mole: masculinity and transnational cooking

In this personal essay based on ethnographic participant observation and interviews, I explore the gendered food relationships in one predominately female rural Mexican village juxtaposed against m...
Optimization of qRT-PCR assay for zika virus detection in human serum and urine.

Abstract Zika Virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global concern due to the severity of infection. This study focuses on determining the level of detection of ZIKV RNA in human serum and urine. Known amounts of Zika virus were added to uninfected human serum and urine samples. Different reverse transcriptases were compared to select the optimal enzyme for this application. Zika RNA in these samples was then quantified with qRT-PCR to determine the lower limit of detection in these fluids and to construct a standard curve. Student’s t-test of paired samples was used in order to identify statistical differences. The SuperScript III enzyme was able to produce more ZIKV cDNA when compared to PrimeScript. Zika virus RNA was found to be detectable at lower levels (2.5 PFU/mL) in urine than in serum (250 PFU/mL) when using SuperScript III. This study demonstrates how the selection of both the human clinical specimen, and the reverse transcriptase enzyme involved in the molecular detection of ZIKV by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), play an important role in enabling improved detection of the virus.
Where Has All the Big Data Gone

As ever more technology is deployed to process and transmit financial data, this could benefit society, by allowing capital to be allocated more efficiently. Recent work supports this notion. Bai, Philippon and Savov (2016) document an improvement in the ability of S&P 500 equity prices to predict firms' future earnings. We show that most of this "price informativeness" rise can be attributed to a size composition effect as S&P 500 firms are getting larger. In contrast, the average public firm's price information is deteriorating. Do these facts imply that big data failed to price assets more efficiently? To answer this question, we formulate a model of data-processing choices. We find that big data growth, in conjunction with a change in the relative size of firms, can trigger a decline in informativeness for smaller firms. The model also reveals how big data growth can masquerade itself as size composition. The implication is that ever-growing reams of financial data may be helping price assets more accurately. But this might not deliver financial efficiency benefits for the vast majority of firms.
IN HOSPITAL AND LONG TERM OUTCOMES IN PATIENT WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION FOR CORONARY CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSION: A META-ANALYSIS

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a known risk factor for worse outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for Chronic Total Occlusions (CTO). PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were queried from inception to September 2018 for all RCTs and observational
How To Extract Quantitative Information on Electronic Transitions from the Density Functional Theory “Black Box”

Electronic couplings and vertical excitation energies are crucial determinants of charge and excitation energy transfer rates in a broad variety of processes ranging from biological charge transfer...
Conceptualizing the Risks of Coronary Heart Disease and Heart Failure Among People Aging with HIV: Sex-Specific Considerations

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is emerging as a major threat to healthy aging among people with HIV (PHIV). PHIV face heightened risks for coronary heart disease (CHD)/myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF), fueled by systemic immune activation and by metabolic dysregulation. Women with HIV (WHIV) evidence unique patterns of vascular and myocardial pathology as compared to men with HIV (MHIV). These patterns include a predilection to microvascular dysfunction and type II MI, as well as a penchant for diastolic dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Investigations are underway to understand how advanced reproductive aging among WHIV influences systemic immune activation and metabolic dysregulation en route to these CVD phenotypes. A key goal is to identify targeted CVD prevention strategies relevant to WHIV, particularly as efficacious treatment approaches to type II MI and HFpEF are lacking.
Integrated Model for Patient-Centered Advanced Liver Disease Care

Advanced liver disease (AdvLD) is a high-risk common condition with a progressive, highly morbid, and often fatal course. Despite effective treatments, there are substantial shortfalls in access to and use of evidence-based supportive and palliative care for AdvLD. Although patient-centered, chronic illness models that integrate early supportive and palliative care with curative treatments hold promise, there are several knowledge gaps that hinder development of an integrated model for AdvLD. We review these evidence gaps. We also describe a conceptual framework for a patient-centered approach that explicates key elements needed to improve integrated care. An integrated model of AdvLD would allow clinicians, patients, and caregivers to work collaboratively to identify treatments and other healthcare that best align with patients' priorities.
Examining Communication About Mathematics in Elementary Curriculum Materials

In this chapter, we examine the types of mathematical support offered to teachers and the approaches used to communicate about mathematics to teachers in five elementary mathematics programs. The results show that the location, extent, and type of mathematical support vary across the programs. All five programs, however, (1) explain mathematics to teachers directly, (2) communicate mathematics by illustrating anticipated student strategies and thinking, (3) communicate mathematical ideas by embedding them in teacher/student actions, and (4) communicate strategies and thinking by embedding them in teacher/student actions. The programs also provide mathematical goals and vocabulary of lessons and highlight the mathematics in the titles of lessons. In addition, some programs use the headings in the lesson guide to highlight mathematical ideas. The five programs communicated various types of mathematics to teachers: (1) descriptions of procedures and steps, (2) explanations of strategies, (3) explanations of concepts, definitions, and conventions, (4) explanations of representations, and (5) explanations of connections, relationships, and applications. Based on the findings of the study, we discuss the type of mathematics teachers need to know to teach these programs and ways in which mathematics can be better communicated to teachers.
Changes in D-dimer after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in adults living with HIV in Kenya

Increased coagulation biomarkers are associated with poor outcomes among people living with HIV (PLHIV). There are few data available from African cohorts demonstrating the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on coagulation biomarkers. From March 2014 to October 2014, ART-naive PLHIV initiating non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based ART were recruited from seven clinics in western Kenya and followed for up to 12 months. Demographics, clinical history and blood specimens were collected. Logistic regression models adjusted for intrasite clustering examined associations between HIV viral load and D-Dimer at baseline. Mixed linear effects models were used to estimate mean change from baseline to 6 months overall, and by baseline viral load, sex and TB status at enrollment. Mean change in D-dimer at 6 months is reported on the log10 scale and as percentage change from baseline. Among 611 PLHIV enrolled, 66% were female, median age was 34 years (interquartile range (IQR) 29–43 years), 31 (5%) participants had tuberculosis and median viral load was 113,500 copies/mL (IQR: 23,600-399,000). At baseline, 311 (50.9%) PLHIV had elevated D-dimer (> 500 ng/mL) and median D-dimer was 516.4 ng/mL (IQR: 302.7–926.6) (log baseline D-dimer: 2.7, IQR: 2.5–3.0). Higher baseline D-dimer was significantly associated with higher viral load (p 6.0 copies/mL (− 91.1, 95%CI −136.7, − 54.2; p < 0.01). In this large Kenyan cohort of PLHIV, women, those with tuberculosis and higher viral load had elevated baseline D-dimer. ART initiation and viral load suppression among ART-naive PLHIV in Kenya were associated with significant decrease in D-dimer at 6 months in this large African cohort.
Hand Sanitizer in a Pandemic: Wrong Formulations in the Wrong Hands.

Abstract Background Households are increasingly stockpiling and producing hand sanitizer amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which can pose an increased risk for unintentional toxicity among children. Despite guidelines for hand sanitizer production published by the World Health Organization, many turn to streaming media for instruction. Objective The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate hand sanitizer formulations and safety precautions discussed in popular do-it-yourself (DIY) YouTube videos, and to assess the frequency of calls to poison control centers for pediatric hand sanitizer exposure before and after the arrival of COVID-19 in the United States. Methods The first 100 videos on YouTube with the most views using the search term “DIY hand sanitizer” were evaluated for accuracy compared with the World Health Organization local hand sanitizer production guidelines. The incidence of pediatric hand sanitizer exposure reported to participating U.S. poison control centers from January 2018 through May 2020 was reviewed from the American Association of Poison Control Centers National Poison Data System. The average number of calls between January 2020 and May 2020 was compared, and the average number of calls in March 2020 was compared with March 2019 and March 2018. Results Of the YouTube videos that met inclusion criteria, 27% discussed the use of at least 96% ethanol or 99.8% isopropyl alcohol, 4.1% incorporated 3% hydrogen peroxide, 82% used glycerol or an alternative humectant, and 4.1% specified the need for distilled or previously boiled water. Most of the videos failed to describe labeling storage containers, 69% of videos encouraged the use of oils or perfumes to enhance hand sanitizer scent, and 2% of videos promoted the use of coloring agents to be more attractive for use among children specifically. There was a significantly increased average number of daily calls to poison control centers regarding unsafe pediatric hand sanitizer exposure since the first confirmed COVID-19 patient in the United States. There was a significantly increased average number of daily calls in March 2020 compared with the previous 2 years. Conclusions YouTube may not be an accurate source for effective hand sanitizer concoction. Health care providers and parents should be aware of the increased surge in hand sanitizer exposure among children and should take proper precautionary measures.
Graphical-model framework for automated annotation of cell identities in dense cellular images.

Although identifying cell names in dense image stacks is critical in analyzing functional whole-brain data enabling comparison across experiments, unbiased identification is very difficult, and relies heavily on researchers' experiences. Here we present a probabilistic-graphical-model framework, CRF_ID, based on Conditional Random Fields, for unbiased and automated cell identification. CRF_ID focuses on maximizing intrinsic similarity between shapes. Compared to existing methods, CRF_ID achieves higher accuracy on simulated and ground-truth experimental datasets, and better robustness against challenging noise conditions common in experimental data. CRF_ID can further boost accuracy by building atlases from annotated data in highly computationally efficient manner, and by easily adding new features (e.g. from new strains). We demonstrate cell annotation in C. elegans images across strains, animal orientations, and tasks including gene-expression localization, multi-cellular and whole-brain functional imaging experiments. Together, these successes demonstrate that unbiased cell annotation can facilitate biological discovery, and this approach may be valuable to annotation tasks for other systems.
Value-Relevance of Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from Short Selling

We examine whether short sellers, as informed investors, take into consideration corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance and disclosure in the areas of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) sustainability in making investment decisions. We find that firms’ market value and future financial performance, measured by price per share, return on equity, and return on assets, are lower, whereas operating risk, measured by the standard deviation of return on equity and the standard deviation of return on assets, is higher for firms with low composite ESG scores. We detect a negative association between ESG scores and short selling, indicating that short sellers avoid firms with high ESG scores and tend to target firms with low ESG scores. We conclude that investors consider firms’ ESG scores as value relevant in making investment decisions and thus management should integrate CSR into strategic decisions and corporate reporting.
On the Application of Machine Learning to Classify Sleep Positions

In this work, a low-cost device is developed that enables the monitoring and classification of sleep positions. Driven by the growing problem of sleep disorders, the device can be utilized at the patients’ place to record and report their sleep positions. The device can also be used by hospitals and clinics for patients that requires continuous monitoring. Machine learning is used to classify different sleep positions based on sensors data collected from the device.
Nanophotonics and computing

The long heralded transition of photonic technology from a rack to rack interconnect to an integral part of the system architecture is underway. Silicon photonics, where the optical communications devices are fabricate using the same materials and processes as CMOS logic will allow 3D or monolithically integrated devices to be created minimizing the overhead for moving between the electronic and photonic domains. It is possible to view photonics as simply “better wires”. However to fully exploit the capabilities of integrated silicon photonics we need to reconsider systems architecture to make use of capabilities such as broadband switching and distance independence. The combination of new device technologies and innovative system architectures will be critical in establishing the path to Exascale computing.
Substance use in patients with sexually transmitted infections: results from a national U.S. survey.

Little is known about the prevalence and correlates of substance use in patients diagnosed with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the general population. We examined the relationship between STIs and substance use. Of the 54,623 respondents, 1% reported a past-year STI. STI was associated with alcohol abuse/dependence (AOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–3.3), and marijuana use (AOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.4–3.0); but not with past-year alcohol use, cocaine use, nonmedical use of prescription opioids, or past-month binge or heavy drinking. A diagnosis of an STI should prompt clinicians to screen for substance use, in particular, alcohol abuse/dependence and marijuana use. (Am J Addict 2010;00:1–6)
Drug–drug interactions: is there an optimal way to study them?

Newly approved drugs expand our therapeutic armamentarium, but augment the potential for drug–drug interactions. These can be broadly categorized into pharmaceutical (physicochemical, usually occurring ex vivo), pharmacokinetic (PK) or pharmacodynamic (PD). Importantly a drug–drug interaction that primarily causes a change in PK will consequently cause a secondary alteration in its pharmacodynamics. The literature has a plethora of human drug–drug interaction studies with widely differing designs, addressing the existence and possible clinical importance of specific potential drug–drug interactions.
Approximating the inverse of a matrix for use in iterative algorithms on vector processors

Most iterative techniques for solving the symmetric positive-definite systemAx=b involve approximating the matrixA by another symmetric positive-definite matrixM and then solving a system of the formMz=d at each iteration. On a vector machine such as the CDC-STAR-100, the solution of this new system can be very time consuming. If, however, an approximationM−1 can be given toA−1, the solutionz=M−1d can be computed rapidly by matrix multiplication, a fast operation on the STAR. Approximations using the Neumann expansion of the inverse ofA give reasonable forms forM−1 and are presented. Computational results using the conjugate gradient method for the “5-point” matrixA are given.
Rat intestinal microvillus membranes. Purification and biochemical characterization

1. A technique is described for the removal of subcellular contaminants from intact rat intestinal brush borders, and for the subsequent separation of a microvillus membrane fraction from a fibrillar residue. 2. Increments in invertase activity, microscopic homogeneity and low nucleic acid content indicate that the microvillus plasma membrane has been extensively purified. Multiple membrane preparations have been shown to be highly reproducible with respect to their invertase specific activity, cholesterol content and phospholipid content. Alkaline phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase, Mg2+- and Ca2+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase and seven separate disaccharidases were shown to be predominantly confined to the membrane fraction. 3. The fibrillar fraction has been shown to contain approximately 30% of the total protein of purified brush borders, plus most of the residual nucleic acid contaminant. No evidence was found for the localization of any specific enzyme in this fraction.