cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
B 74-33 Peripheral Devices

Topics Covered: The coverage in this book is wide, ranging from channel programming, through the operation of the vacuum column in a magnetic tape unit, to how a verifier operator can cheat! More specifically, there are chapters on the following subjects: the channel; I/O software;punch card (on and off-line) devices and the integrated control unit;IBM 1403 printers;magnetism and magnetic recording; IBM 2400 series magnetic tape units and their controllers; direct access storage devices; the IBM 2311 disk drive; the IBM 2841 disk storage controller; the IBM 2321 data cell; the IBM 2314 disk system; the IBM 2303 head per track drum; and the IBM 1052 inquiry console. Both hardware and software aspects of these topics are covered, at a level similar to that in the descriptive parts of the manufacturer's manuals. Quantitative information on byte storage capacities is given.
Lactation as a complication of aesthetic breast surgery successfully treated with bromocriptine

A case is presented of lactation occurring ten days after mastopexy with augmentation mammaplasty. Milk-draining sinuses involving the operative incisions necessitated prompt diagnosis and treatment to avoid breast implant loss. Bromocriptine, an ergot derivative, was used to suppress a pathologically elevated prolactin level and successfully effect a rapid resolution of lactation.
Performance analysis of Kalman filter and minimum variance controllers for multi conjugate adaptive optics

In the framework of zonal approach for Multi Conjugate Adaptive Optics (multiple-mirror, multiple-guide star) we investigate a predictive Kalman Filter (KF) based controller and a non-predictive classical Minimum Variance (MV) algorithm. The main goal of this work is to compare phase estimation performance achievable by the computationally more expensive Kalman filter approach, which explicitly accounts for the atmospheric turbulence temporal behavior through a first order autoregressive evolution model, and a simpler MV algorithm with and without temporal prediction. For representative examples of the Palomar 5.1 meter telescope single conjugate and Gemini-South 8 meter telescope multi conjugate adaptive optics systems the performance of KF and MV controllers has been compared with respect to their turbulence estimation capability. We have found that the KF algorithm, showing superior performance for single conjugate adaptive optics systems, is less effective in multi conjugate case. It has also been shown that MV algorithm with a temporal prediction added to it can work nearly as good as KF.
Effect of boundary conditions on the structure and dynamics of nanoscale confined water.

In this paper, we investigate the effects of boundary structure on the properties of water in nanometer scale environments. We use molecular dynamic simulations to study water enclosed in model nanocavities with rigid boundaries of ice I h structure and compare its behavior to that of water in cavities with smooth structureless boundaries. We show the dependence of quantities such as velocity autocorrelation function and hydrogen-bond lifetimes on the size and surface characteristics of the cavity. The boundary structure greatly influences the structure and dynamics of the water. In the smallest systems considered, with dimensions of 3-8 A, the dynamics are slowed significantly, and the velocity autocorrelation function resembles that of solid ice.
Sparing Fish Oil with Soybean Oil in Feeds for White Seabass: Effects of Inclusion Rate and Soybean Oil Composition

Abstract Fish oil sparing has proven difficult for some fish species, especially marine carnivores like White Seabass Atractoscion nobilis that require one or more long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs). Recent studies have suggested that the use of saturated fatty acid (SFA)–rich lipids instead of C18 polyunsaturated fatty acid–rich (C18 PUFA) lipids may be advantageous in maintaining tissue levels of LC-PUFAs; SFA-rich lipids may also offer a strategic advantage in terms of meeting the LC-PUFA requirements of marine carnivores while minimizing dietary fish oil inclusion. Accordingly, we assessed the performance and tissue fatty acid composition of White Seabass (3.8 ± 0.2 g [mean ± SE]) fed diets containing fish oil or graded levels of C18 PUFA–rich standard soy oil or SFA-rich hydrogenated soy oil (replacing 25, 50, 75, or 100% of dietary fish oil) for 8 weeks. Feed conversion ratio, weight gain, and specific growth rate were not impaired by partial or complete replacement of dietary fish oi...
Intravesical bacille Calmette-Guérin therapy for muscle invasive bladder cancer

Abstract Objectives This investigation attempted to determine whether the degree of fibronectin expression in the bladders of patients with invasive transitional cell carcinoma correlated with their clinical response to intravesical bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy. Methods Following transurethral resection of all invasive disease, 13 patients with Stages T2–T4 bladder cancer were administered intravesical BCG (for 6 weeks followed by monthly instillations). Fibronectin expression in the patients' resected tumors and normal mucosa was determined by immunohistochemical staining techniques. Minimum disease-free follow-up was 60 months. Results Only 1 of 13 patients had neither local nor systemic disease recurrence; 10 of 13 patients developed systemic disease and 7 patients died from metastases. Fibronectin expression was not correlated with the clinical response to BCG. Conclusions Intravesical BCG therapy for the treatment of muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is ineffective. Fibronectin expression in the bladder of patients with invasive disease is variable and does not correlate significantly with the clinical response to BCG therapy.
Strong underwater adhesives made by self-assembling multi-protein nanofibres.

Many natural underwater adhesives harness hierarchically assembled amyloid nanostructures to achieve strong and robust interfacial adhesion under dynamic and turbulent environments. Despite recent advances, our understanding of the molecular design, self-assembly and structure–function relationships of these natural amyloid fibres remains limited. Thus, designing biomimetic amyloid-based adhesives remains challenging. Here, we report strong and multi-functional underwater adhesives obtained from fusing mussel foot proteins (Mfps) of Mytilus galloprovincialis with CsgA proteins, the major subunit of Escherichia coli amyloid curli fibres. These hybrid molecular materials hierarchically self-assemble into higher-order structures, in which, according to molecular dynamics simulations, disordered adhesive Mfp domains are exposed on the exterior of amyloid cores formed by CsgA. Our fibres have an underwater adhesion energy approaching 20.9 mJ m−2, which is 1.5 times greater than the maximum of bio-inspired and bio-derived protein-based underwater adhesives reported thus far. Moreover, they outperform Mfps or curli fibres taken on their own and exhibit better tolerance to auto-oxidation than Mfps at pH ≥ 7.0. Strong underwater adhesive fibres are self-assembled by fusing mussel foot proteins with an amyloid-based protein.
The gift of life and starfish on the beach: the ethics of organ procurement.

(2002). The Gift of Life and Starfish on the Beach: The Ethics of Organ Procurement. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 53-56.
Clinical Evaluation and Management of Pulmonary Hypertension in the Adult With Congenital Heart Disease

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) refers to elevated pulmonary artery (PA) pressure (PAP), defined as mean PAP≥25 mm Hg. PH is not synonymous with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), which specifies resistive PH characterized by elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and normal pulmonary venous pressure. Approximately 5% to 10% of adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) have PH, and this subset of CHD patients is at higher risk of hospitalization and death.1–3 Understanding the epidemiology of PH associated with CHD (PH-CHD) is not straightforward, however, because definitions of PH-CHD and diagnostic techniques vary. Appropriate diagnosis and the management of PH-CHD rest on identifying the cause of elevated PAP: high pulmonary venous pressure, high pulmonary vascular resistance, high pulmonary flow, or some combination of these factors, which are referred to throughout this review as passive, resistive, hyperkinetic, and polygenic PH, respectively (Table 1). View this table: Table 1. Modified Wood Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension Prognosis in PH-CHD depends on the underlying cause, pulmonary vascular pathophysiology, and the interaction between the right heart and pulmonary circulation. Adult CHD is heterogeneous, with myriad permutations of underlying defects, previous interventions, and associated comorbidities. Although comprehensive understanding of clinical context is a prerequisite, identifying the optimal therapy for a patient with PH-CHD depends more heavily on an understanding of pathophysiology than it does on the underlying diagnosis. Therefore, the goal of this review is to frame an understanding of PH-CHD in terms of fundamental cardiopulmonary hemodynamic pathophysiology and to emphasize the clinical assessment and management of situations commonly encountered by adult cardiologists caring for patients with PH-CHD. Classification schemes in PH represent clinical perspectives of underlying pathophysiology and tend to parallel fundamental hemodynamic relationships of the pulmonary circulation. PVR is defined: ![Graphic][1] . Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP) approximates pulmonary venous pressure and Qp is pulmonary blood flow. Rearranging this … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Charge Deflection Experiments in Beam Foil Spectroscopy

The technique of static beam deflection in beam foil spectroscopy is discussed. This technique allows the determination of the parent ionization stage of the emitting ions. A comparison between electric and magnetic field deflection is made. Electric deflection experiments carried out to date are reviewed.
Are your arteries older than your age

Purpose. To determine the effect of age and atherosclerotic risk factors on the carotid intima-media layer thickness and morphology characteristics. Patients and methods. Three groups of subjects were included in the study: Individuals with atherosclerotic risk factors including a family history of CHD, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and/or smoking (group A, nZ180), age- and sex-matched healthy subjects without risk factors (group B, nZ60) and a group of significantly younger volunteers (group C, nZ25). The carotid artery was imaged longitudinally with B-mode ultrasound. Intima media thickness (IMT) was measured in the common (CCA) and internal carotid (ICA) arteries. Surface irregularity and continuity of the intima-media layer (IML) were assessed by high definition imaging. Echogenicity of the wall was quantified using Adobe Photoshope. The presence of calcium deposits was recorded. The double line wall pattern seen in young healthy people was used as a control to assess patterns and texture of the carotid IML. Fifteen subjects had their measurements repeated for intraobserver variability. Results. IMT measurements were reproducible in both the CCA and ICA (coefficient of variation 6% and 9%). IMT increased linearly with age (adjusted R 2 Z0.72, p!0.0001), which was also an independent risk factor for increased IMT. All the risk factors had a significant association with increased IMT. In the lowest (third) decade the wall/blood interface was smooth and the double line was visualized with an echolucent center. With increased age and number of risk factors present, the wall/blood interface became more irregular (p!0.01), the double line was distorted (p!0.01) and the IML was more echogenic (p!0.01). The increase in IMT and the changes in the echogenicity of the IML were more pronounced in the ICA. Conclusions. Age is an independent risk factor for increased IMT. Atherosclerotic risk factors are associated with the agerelated changes seen in the IML. Such changes are also seen in younger asymptomatic volunteers with risk factors indicating that their arteries are older than their age.
Allosteric inhibition of factor XIa. Sulfated non-saccharide glycosaminoglycan mimetics as promising anticoagulants.

Abstract Recent development of sulfated non-saccharide glycosaminoglycan mimetics, especially sulfated pentagalloyl glucopyranoside (SPGG), as potent inhibitors of factor XIa (FXIa) ( J. Med. Chem. 2013; 56:867-878 and J. Med. Chem. 2014; 57:4805-4818) has led to a strong possibility of developing a new line of factor XIa-based anticoagulants. In fact, SPGG represents the first synthetic, small molecule inhibitor that appears to bind in site remote from the active site. Considering that allosteric inhibition of FXIa is a new mechanism for developing a distinct line of anticoagulants, we have studied SPGG's interaction with FXIa with a goal of evaluating its pre-clinical relevance. Comparative inhibition studies with several glycosaminoglycans revealed the importance of SPGG's non-saccharide backbone. SPGG did not affect the activity of plasma kallikrein, activated protein C and factor XIIIa suggesting that SPGG-based anticoagulation is unlikely to affect other pathways connected with coagulation factors. SPGG's effect on APTT of citrated human plasma was also not dependent on antithrombin or heparin cofactor II. Interestingly, SPGG's anticoagulant potential was diminished by serum albumin as well as factor XI, while it could be reversed by protamine or polybrene, which implies possible avenues for developing antidote strategy. Studies with FXIa mutants indicated that SPGG engages Lys529, Arg530 and Arg532, but not Arg250, Lys252, Lys253 and Lys255. Finally, SPGG competes with unfractionated heparin, but not with polyphosphates and/or glycoprotein Ibα, for binding to FXIa. These studies enhance understanding on the first allosteric inhibitor of FXIa and highlight its value as a promising anticoagulant.
Quantitation of Ca ATPase, feet and mitochondria in superfast muscle fibres from the toadfish, Opsanus tau.

The muscle band surrounding the swimbladder of the toadfish (Opsanus tau) is one of the fastest known muscles in vertebrates. Rapid, non-fused twitches are responsible for the characteristic sound produced by the organ by both male and female toadfish. We have quantitated the membrane systems (transverse (T) tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and mitochondria), and some of their proteins (Ca2+ ATPase, or calcium pump, and foot protein or Ca2+ release channel) in these muscle fibres. As expected from the well-known morphology, the content of Ca2+ release and Ca2+ uptake proteins are considerably higher than in slower twitch fibres (e.g. fast-twitch and slow-twitch fibres in hind legs of mammals). Unexpectedly, the increment in ATPase is much larger than the increment in foot protein. The ATPase to foot ratio in muscle fibres from the swimbladder of males and females is higher by a factor of five to seven than in guinea pig fast-twitch fibres. We conclude that calcium uptake is a limiting factor in the ability to sustain the trains of high frequency, non-fused synchronous contractions of which these fibres are capable. Sexual dimorphism is demonstrated in the content of mitochondria (higher in males) and in the density of junctional feet (higher in females). The former is probably related to the more continuous activity during the males' mating call but the latter is to be demonstrated.
On the equivalence of proportional cell frequencies and orthogonality of interaction spaces in n-way Anova

Abstract Consider a general n -way crossed classification in ANOVA with unequal cell frequencies. We prove the orthogonality of interaction spaces (suitably adjusted for lower order interaction spaces) holds if and only if the cell frequencies are proportional. Implications of proportional cell frequencies to the adjustment of all other effects are also studied.
Pseudo-Bartter's syndrome, diuretic abuse, idiopathic edema, and eating disorders

Literature concerning Bartter's syndrome, pseudo-Bartter's syndrome, idiopathic edema, and diuretic abuse is reviewed. The authors suggest that many of the patients who present with the physiological disturbances associated with pseudo-Bartter's syndrome or with diuretic abuse, and a subgroup of those who use diuretics for idiopathic edema, have an underlying eating disorder. The pharmacology and physiology of diuretics are reviewed.
Depletion region thicknesses in diffused junctions

Closed-form expressions are derived for total thickness of the depletion region and thickness of the depletion region on the n side of the junction. The expressions are applicable to n-p junction devices with either complementary error function or Gaussian impurity distributions. Depletion region thicknesses obtained by evaluation of the closed-form expressions are in excellent agreement with exact numerical calculations.
Xbox360® Front Side Bus Development

The front side bus (FSB) of the Microsoft Xbox360reg was designed and implemented by a team of engineers from IBM and is one of the fastest, commercially available front side bus interfaces in the consumer market. This paper discusses several issues encountered while designing the FSB channel
Metabolism of testosterone-4-14C by the canine prostate and urinary bladder in vivo.

Physiological amounts of testosterone- 4–14C were infused into the common arterial supply of the prostate gland and urinary bladder of 5 adult dogs. Only the labeled hormone was found in blood from the inferior vena cava 2 min after the beginning of the infusion until the dog was killed 9 min later. Recoveries from the prostate and urinary bladder accounted for 1–5% and 0.9–3%, respectively, of the substrate radioactivity. Metabolism of the infused testosterone- 4–14C in the canine prostate was extensive and yielded almost exclusively 5α-reduced products. There was a several-fold predominance of 17β-hydroxy metabolites over the 17-ketone analogs and of 3α-hydroxy metabolites over the 3β-epimers. Half the prostate radioactivity was associated with 2 major transformation products, 5α-dihydro testosterone (17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan- 3-one) and 5α-androstane-3α,17α-diol. In contrast, metabolism of testosterone-4-14C in the urinary bladder was much more limited and oxidative, with 4-androstene-3,17-dione as the...
Anomalous magnetic properties of Y1−xScxBa2Cu3O7−δ

Abstract We report here anomalous magnetic behavior in the Y1−xScxBa2Cu3O7−δ series where x varies from x = 0 to x = 0.5. With increasing Sc concentration, there is a decrease in the density of states. The occurrence of a large paramagnetic spin equivalent to 2.7μB per Sc and an increase in the residual resistivity as well as the temperature dependence of the resistivity. It is suggested that these effects may be caused by antisite disorder and increased tendency of Sc toward covalent bonding. Changes in the density of states and possible localization by doping with Sc are discussed.
THE CHARGES FOR ESRD TREATMENT OF DIABETICS

To evaluate the differential charges for treating end-stage renal disease (ESRD) associated with diabetes mellitus, Medicare billing data are analyzed. The charges of 244 patients in the Michigan Kidney Registry identified as having (ESRD) from diabetes are compared with charges of 902 nondiabetic patients. Average annual charges for ESRD treatment for diabetics are +29,671 (+/- 27,662) which are +4695 (+/- 1344) higher than charges for nondiabetics. The majority of the difference (84.3%) is attributable to higher inpatient hospital charges. Most of the remainder (14.5%) is attributable to higher physician and medical supply charges. Charges for treatment of diabetics are higher on all modalities of treatment, but differences are not significant among modalities.
Mesenchymal stem cells as therapy for graft versus host disease: What have we learned?

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are a population of phenotypically heterogeneous cells that are one component of the supportive, stromal micro-­environment. They can be isolated from many readily accessible tissues including bone marrow, umbilical cord, placenta, and adipose tissue, and extensive ex vivo and pre-clinical data suggest that subpopulations within MSC contribute to the immunomodulation of the host, without provoking an allo-reactive T cell response. Furthermore, largely through paracrine effects, they contribute to tissue repair. These unique properties make MSC an ideal agent to investigate for the therapy of graft versus host disease (GvHD). Therapeutic trials with varied MSC dosing schedules and clinical endpoints have shown mixed results. In this chapter, we will review recent preclinical data, and summarize the results of clinical trials utilizing MSC for the treatment of acute and chronic GvHD.
Rhesus Cytomegalovirus (Macacine Herpesvirus 3)–Associated Facial Neuritis in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Peripheral neuropathies are common sequelae to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in humans and are due to a variety of mechanisms, including direct antiretroviral toxicity, HIV-mediated damage, immune-mediated disorders, and opportunistic viral infections. Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) remain the most consistent animal model for unraveling the pathogenesis of lentiviral-associated disease and its associated opportunistic infections. Rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) is the most common opportunistic viral infection in rhesus macaques infected with SIV and causes multiorgan pathology; however, its role in peripheral nerve pathology has not been explored. We have identified 115 coinfected cases with SIV and RhCMV, of which 10 cases of RhCMV-associated facial neuritis were found (8.7% prevalence). Histologic lesions were consistent in all cases and ranged from partial to complete obliteration of the nerves of the tongue, lacrimal gland, and other facial tissues with a mixed inflammatory population of neutrophils and macrophages, of which the latter commonly contained intranuclear inclusion bodies. Luxol fast blue staining and myelin basic protein immunohistochemistry confirmed the progressive myelin loss in the peripheral nerves. Bielschowsky silver stain revealed progressive loss of axons directly related to the severity of inflammation. Double immunohistochemistry with spectral imaging analysis revealed RhCMV-infected macrophages directly associated with the neuritis, and there was no evidence to support RhCMV infection of Schwann cells. These results suggest that peripheral nerve damage is a bystander effect secondary to inflammation rather than a direct infection of Schwann cells and warrants further investigations into the pathogenesis of RhCMV-induced peripheral neuropathy.
A component of the interphase cytoskeleton is cyclically recruited into spindle poles during mitosis

During the transition from interphase to mitosis, proteins are recruited into forming spindle poles [Leslie, Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 16:225-228, 1990]. Antibodies which recognize these recruited components clearly label spindle poles during mitosis but the location and character of such proteins during interphase remain a mystery. Competition assays using an antibody to a recruited spindle pole protein show that in its disperse form the spindle pole protein is a highly insoluble component of the cytoskeleton which is dispersed to such an extent during interphase that it is difficult to identify by immunolocalization. The function of recruited spindle pole proteins is unknown but the aggregation/dispersion cycle and the antigen are highly conserved, appearing in sea urchin embryos and tissue culture cells.
On Cross Sections for Electron Impact Ionization of Multicharged Ions

Electron impact ionization cross sections calculated by means of two semi-empirical expressions (Lotz, Seaton), a semiclassical model (Burgess: "ECIP"), and a simple quantum approximation (Seaton) are compared with results of more elaborate quantum (Coulomb-Born) calculations and measurements for several multicharged ions (N2+, Mg2+, C3+, O3+, C5+, O5+, Fe14+). While in some cases the comparisons are not definitive, the simple formula of Lotz appears to represent the C-B and experimental results more consistently than the other methods.
A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Objective: Effective treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) exist, but additional treatment options are needed. The effectiveness of 8 sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for adult OCD was compared with progressive relaxation training (PRT). Method: Seventy-nine adults (61% female) diagnosed with OCD (mean age 37 years; 89% Caucasian) participated in a randomized clinical trial of 8 sessions of ACT or PRT with no in-session exposure. The following assessments were completed at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 3-month follow-up by an assessor who was unaware of treatment conditions: Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Beck Depression Inventory–II, Quality of Life Scale, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, Thought Action Fusion Scale, and Thought Control Questionnaire. Treatment Evaluation Inventory was completed at posttreatment. Results: ACT produced greater changes at posttreatment and follow-up over PRT on OCD severity (Y-BOCS: ACT pretreatment 24.22, posttreatment 12.76, follow-up 11.79; PRT pretreatment 25.4, posttreatment 18.67, follow-up 16.23) and produced greater change on depression among those reporting at least mild depression before treatment. Clinically significant change in OCD severity occurred more in the ACT condition than PRT (clinical response rates: ACT posttreatment 46%–56%, follow-up 46%–66%; PRT posttreatment 13%–18%, follow-up 16%–18%). Quality of life improved in both conditions but was marginally in favor of ACT at posttreatment. Treatment refusal (2.4% ACT, 7.8% PRT) and dropout (9.8% ACT, 13.2% PRT) were low in both conditions. Conclusions: ACT is worth exploring as a treatment for OCD.
Packet frame grouping: improving IP multimedia performance over CSMA/CA

This paper presents a scheme to improve the performance of radio MAC protocols in the case of TCP/IP multimedia traffic and small packets. First, the performance problems with small packets and their consequences are analysed. Then the packet frame grouping scheme is presented, which is shown to improve the throughput and reduce the latency over MAC protocols based on CSMA/CA. Finally, the new protocol is simulated in various realistic scenarios to show its impact on different traffic types.
Visual tracking for multimodal human computer interaction

In this paper, we present visual tracking techniques for multimodal human computer interaction. First, we discuss techniques for tracking human faces in which human skin-color is used as a major feature. An adaptive stochastic model has been developed to characterize the skin-color distributions. Based on the maximum likelihood method, the model parameters can be adapted for different people and different lighting conditions. The feasibility of the model has been demonstrated by the development of a real-time face tracker. The system has achieved a rate of 30-t- frames/second using a low-end workstation with a framegrabber and a camera. We also present a top-down approach for tracking facial features such as eyes, nostrils, and lip comers. These real-time visual tracking techniques have been successfully applied to many applications such as gaze tracking, and lipreading. The face tracker has been combined with a microphone array for extracting speech signal from a specific person. The gaze tracker has been combined with a speech recognizer in a multimodal interface for controlling a panoramic image viewer.
Improving Spatial Reuse with Collision-Aware DCF in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

According to the carrier sensing mechanism adopted by distributed coordination function (DCF) in IEEE 802.11 standard, a node defers its communication if it senses the medium busy. However, this deferment might block more concurrent communications than necessary. In addition, in DCF, the time duration of deferment is not delivered to all potential interferers, particularly those in the distance. This paper proposes collision-aware DCF (CAD) that efficiently utilizes the available channel resource along both the spatial and time dimensions. Basically, CAD embeds the spatial and time reservation requirements in the PHY header, which is transmitted at the lower data rate, so that a larger group of potential interferers become aware of the ongoing communication and thus avoid collisions. Extensive simulation based on the ns-2 has shown that CAD offers as much as 21% higher packet delivery rate and 91 % lower packet delay than DCF with the CBR (constant bit rate) traffic
Strike-slip fault geometry in Turkey and its influence on earthquake activity

The geometry of Turkish strike-slip faults is reviewed, showing that fault geometry plays an important role in controlling the location of large earthquake rupture segments along the fault zones. It is found that large earthquake ruptures generally do not propagate past individual stepovers that are wider than 5 km or bends that have angles greater than about 30 degrees. It is suggested that certain geometric patterns are responsible for strain accumulation along portions of the fault zone. It is shown that fault geometry plays a role in the characteristics of earthquake behavior and that aftershocks and swarm activity are often associated with releasing areas.
Needle biopsy of mesenchymal lesions of the head and neck: Evolving concepts and new strategies for diagnosis

Sarcomas are a rare and heterogeneous group of neoplasms that can be a significant diagnostic challenge in routine practice. Recent advances in the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying oncogenesis have led to an array of novel diagnostic tools. Here we review several sarcomas of the head and neck region, focusing on neoplasms with new molecular findings and highlighting novel diagnostic tools.
Using GIS and perceived distance to understand the unequal geographies of healthcare in lower-income urban neighbourhoods

Geographers play important roles in public health research, particularly in understanding healthcare accessibility, utilisation, and individual healthcare experiences. Most accessibility studies have benefited from the increased sophistication of geographic information systems (GIS). Some studies have been enhanced with semi-structured in-depth interviews to understand individual experiences of people as they access healthcare. However, few accessibility studies have explicitly utilised individual in-depth interview data in the construction of new GIS accessibility measures. Using mixed methods including GIS analysis and individual data from semi-structured in-depth interviews, we offer satisfaction-adjusted distance as a new way of conceptualising accessibility in GIS. Based on fieldwork in a predominantly lower-income community in Columbus, Ohio (USA), we find many residents felt neighbourhood healthcare facilities offered low-quality care, which suggested an added perceived distance as they attempt to access high-quality healthcare facilities. The satisfaction-adjusted distance measure accounts for the perceived distance some residents feel as they search for high-quality healthcare in lower-income urban neighbourhoods. In moving beyond conventional GIS and re-conceptualising accessibility in this way, we offer a more realistic portrayal of the issues lower-income urban residents face as they attempt to access high-quality healthcare facilities. The work has theoretical implications for conceptualising healthcare accessibility, advances the mixed-methodologies literature, and argues for a more equitable distribution of high-quality healthcare in urban neighbourhoods.
Mapping Exotic Vegetation in the Everglades from Large-Scale Aerial Photographs

A detailed vegetation study was conducted at a site in the East Everglades to map the distribution of Melaleuca quinquenervia, an aggressive exotic species targeted for eradication. This high-resolution mapping effort involved the use of 1:7,000-scale color-infrared (CIR) aerial photographs and integrated geographic information system (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies to create a digital database of native and exotic vegetation within a 1.5- by 11-km study area. Hardcopy maps were produced at 1:5,000 scale depicting plant species distributions and information on Melaleuca height and density classes interpreted from the ~IR air photos. An accuracy assessment conducted using a helicopter yielded an overall map accuracy of 94 percent. It is anticipated that these products will allow Park managers to assess the effectiveness of exotic vegetation management practices and help to insure the preservation of native plant communities in this section of the Everglades.
Lessons Learned by Our Editorial Board

In this forward-thinking and multidisciplinary special issue, editorial board members share the lessons they have learned in their fruitful careers.
Organizational context associated with time spent evaluating language and cognitive-communicative impairments in skilled nursing facilities: Survey results within an implementation science framework

Abstract Background The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was developed to merge research and practice in healthcare by accounting for the many elements that influence evidence-based treatment implementation. These include characteristics of the individuals involved, features of the treatment itself, and aspects of the organizational culture where the treatment is being provided. Aims The purpose of this study was to apply the CFIR to a measurement of current practice patterns of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) working in the skilled nursing facility (SNF) environment. In an effort to inform future evidence-based practice implementation interventions, research questions addressed current practice patterns, clinician treatment use and preferences, and perceptions of the organizational context including leadership, resources, and other staff. Methods and procedures Surveys were mailed to each SLP working in a SNF in the state of Michigan. Participants ( N = 77, 19% response rate) completed a survey mapping on to CFIR components impacting evidence-based practice implementation. Quantitative descriptive and nonparametric correlational analyses were completed. Outcomes and results Use of evidence-based treatments by SLPs in SNFs was highly variable. Negative correlations between treating speech and voice disorders and treating swallowing disorders ( r s = −.35, p r s = −.30, p r s = −.67, p r s = −.37, p r s = .27, p Conclusions Associative data suggest that the more an SLP in the SNF evaluates and treats swallowing disorders, the less he or she will evaluate speech, voice, language or other cognitive-communicative disorders. Further, SLPs in this sample spent more time evaluating language and cognitive-communicative impairments if they perceived their organizational context in a more positive way. The CFIR may guide treatment and implementation research to increase the uptake of evidence-based practices for SLPs working in the SNF setting.
Spectroscopy and photodynamics of nanometer size II-VI semiconductor crystallites

Semiconductor crystallites which are 10s to 100s of Angstroms in diameter occupy a special niche in between bulk solids and isolatedmolecules. These cluster compounds are large enough to exhibit a crystalline core, but small enough that solid state electronic and vibrational band structures is not yet developed. We use solution based methods for the synthesis of high quality nanometer sice (1-10 nm) II-VI semiconductor crystallites with narrow size distributions, emphasizing CdSe, CdS, and CdTe crystallites. The crystallites are characterized using x-ray and electron diffraction techniques. Optical characterization of their electronic structure using hole-burning techniques luminescence, DC Stark and Zeeman techniques reveals both molecular and bulk-like characteristics as well as properties which are unique to nanometer size crystallites. We observe a number of discrete electronic transitions and study their dependence on crystallite diameter. We find that the electron-hole pair dynamics following photoexcitation are dominated by surface effects which are especially important in these crystallites since a large fraction of the atoms are "surface" atoms.
Correlates of Wisdom

Several rating measures and standardized scales of general and personal wisdom have been developed, ranging from cognitive to noncognitive assessments of wisdom. Although correlations of wisdom partly depend on its measurement, several general patterns emerge: Personality qualities related to human development, psychological well-being, a concern for others, and openness to experience are consistent predictors of wisdom; standardized scales of personal wisdom are positively related to subjective well-being; age seems to have a curvilinear association with wisdom across the lifespan, with lower scores during the early and last years of life; and gender is unrelated and education positively related to cognitively oriented wisdom (sub)scales. It appears that wise persons know how to live a life that is happy, fulfilling, and directed toward the well-being of others. Keywords: adult developmental psychology; aging and development psychology; personality; psychological well-being; quality of life; subjective well-being; wisdom; wisdom measures
Load Transfer for Axially Loaded Piles in Clay

An analytical method for developing a theoretical load-settlement curve for axially loaded piles in clay is presented. The method is based on the correlation of the ratio of load transfer to soil shear strength as a function of pile movement. The results of studies of field tests of instrumented piles and laboratory tests of small piles in clay are used to obtain the desired correlation. The correlation is presented in the form of a family of curves that are obtained when the ratios of load transfer to soil shear strength versus pile movement are plotted as a function of depth. The validity of the family of correlation curves is checked by comparing computed and actual load-settlement curves for some typical field tests. Results obtained by this method indicate that the method may be used effectively to determine load-carrying capacity for axially loaded piles in clay.
Contralateral Trapezius Transfer to Restore Shoulder External Rotation Following Adult Brachial Plexus Injury

Purpose To evaluate the outcome of contralateral lower trapezius origin transfer (CLTOT) to restore shoulder external rotation in patients with shoulder paralysis after brachial plexus injury (BPI). Methods We evaluated 12 patients with a history of BPI with persistent shoulder paralysis. All patients had compromised ipsilateral lower trapezius muscle function. All patients underwent CLTOT prolonged with lumbar fascia to the affected infraspinatus tendon either isolated (7 patients) or as part of multiple tendon transfer (5 patients). Standardized patient outcomes measures were obtained. Results At 23 months' follow-up, 10 patients had improved shoulder external rotation from no motion preoperatively to an average external rotation 110° from the abdomen. Five patients had marked improvement of pain, including 2 with isolated CLTOT and 3 with additional tendon transfers. Two patients experienced no change in pain. There were noted improvements in the Constant shoulder scores, simple shoulder value, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores. One patient sustained a fall resulting in stretch injury to the transfer, underwent successful revision surgery, and regained 100° active shoulder external rotation away from the abdomen more than a year after revision surgery. Another patient's transfer failed during rehabilitation but the patient elected not to pursue treatment. No patients had changes in contralateral shoulder motion or strength or any pain from the contralateral shoulder. Conclusions This study demonstrated that CLTOT to the infraspinatus tendon was effective in improving shoulder external rotation in patients with BPI. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
Protein adsorption equilibrium and kinetics in multimodal cation exchange resins

Protein adsorption equilibria and kinetics are obtained experimentally for two multimodal cation exchange resins—Nuvia cPrime, which is based on a polymeric matrix, and Capto MMC, which is based on an agarose matrix. In both resins, the ligand contains a phenyl group, a carboxyl group, and a peptide bond but with a different arrangement. Transmission electron microscopy and inverse size exclusion chromatography indicate a bimodal distribution of pores in Nuvia cPrime, including small pores with 10 nm radius and pores larger than 400 nm, and a monodispersed distribution of pores in Capto MMC, averaging 32 nm in radius. Potentiometric titration curves show similar buffering ranges and pK a values for the ligands in both resins and a slightly higher ligand density for Nuvia cPrime. Equilibrium binding capacities for lysozyme and a monoclonal antibody (mAb) are also similar for both resins at comparable pH and salt concentrations, although Capto MMC shows a weaker dependence on salt concentration as a result of its more hydrophobic character. The main difference is the adsorption kinetics of the mAb, which is the larger of the two proteins studied. For both resins, as shown by means of confocal laser scanning miscopy, the adsorption kinetics is controlled by pore diffusion. Capto MMC with its smaller pores has a slower rate of mass transfer than Nuvia cPrime. As a result, for the mAb, much higher column dynamic binding capacities are obtained for Nuvia cPrime than for Capto MMC.
The Personal and the Political: Implications of Constitutional Entrepreneurship

This paper makes a simple but underappreciated point: due to the open-ended nature of constitutional entrepreneurship, the personal characteristics of constitutional entrepreneurs — intellect, will, virtues and vices, etc. — directly bear on constitutional change. The paper demonstrates this at a theoretical level by (a) highlighting how the environment in which constitutional entrepreneurship takes place leaves room for constitutional entrepreneurs’ personal traits to affect political-economic outcomes, and (b) exploring the nature of constitutional entrepreneurship in itself. The argument implies the study of sociopolitical institutions’ information- and incentive-aligning features must be augmented by analyses of institutions’ ‘moral filters.’ The paper concludes by outlining a personalist approach to political economy, implicit in several seemingly-unrelated literatures.
Effects of hypercortisolemia and diabetes on skeletal muscle insulin receptor function in vitro and in vivo

Activation of skeletal muscle insulin receptor tyrosine kinase in vitro and in vivo was studied in two rat models of insulin resistance: insulinopenic diabetes and hypercortisolemia. In control rats, intravenous insulin administration resulted in dose-dependent in vivo activation of the muscle insulin receptor kinase towards histone H2b. Half-maximal and maximal activation were observed 5 min after injecting 0.1 and 0.5 U insulin/100 g, respectively. Diabetes (7 days) induced with streptozotocin did not affect insulin binding affinity of solubilized muscle receptors but depressed receptor kinase activation in vivo by 52 or 40% after intravenous insulin administration (0.1 or 2 U/100 g, respectively). Cortisone treatment (5 days) resulting in weight loss, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia did not affect the number, insulin binding affinity, or kinase activity of solubilized receptors activated with insulin in vitro or in vivo. It is concluded that impaired insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activation was demonstrated in vivo in rats with insulinopenic diabetes and that glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance probably reflects postreceptor defect(s) in muscle.
Avoiding Opioid Analgesics for Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain.

This commentary discusses a meta-analysis published in JAMA Internal Medicine that evaluated the efficacy of opioids as treatment for back pain.
Device-Related Endophthalmitis

Ocular devices may be considered in three categories: those that include a component that crosses the sclera or cornea, those that are entirely intraocular, and those that are implanted or placed on the ocular surface. The first category includes the glaucoma drainage device, the keratoprosthesis, and the currently commercially available retinal implants. The second category includes intraocular aphakic or phakic lens implants, intravitreal implants for drug delivery, the micro-bypass stent for glaucoma, prosthetic iris implants for aniridia, and the Implantable Miniature Telescope. The third category includes scleral buckles and contact lenses. This chapter discusses the risk factors, clinical manifestations, microbiology, and visual outcomes of endophthalmitis associated with devices in each of these categories.
Gaussons: Solitons of the (2+1)-dimensional and the (3+1)-dimensional logarithmic Boussinesq equations

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to concern with a reliable treatment of the (2+1)-dimensional and the (3+1)-dimensional logarithmic Boussinesq equations (BEs). The author uses the sense of the Gaussian solitary waves to determine these gaussons. The study confirms that models characterized by logarithmic nonlinearity give gaussons solitons of distinct physical structures. Design/methodology/approach – The proposed technique, as presented in this work has been shown to be very efficient for solving nonlinear equations with logarithmic nonlinearity. Findings – The (2+1) and the (3+1)-dimensional BEs were examined as well. The examined models feature interesting results in propagation of waves and fluid flow. Research limitations/implications – The paper presents a new efficient algorithm for the higher dimensional logarithmic BEs. Practical implications – The work shows the effect of logarithmic nonlinearity compared to other nonlinearities where standard solitons appear in the last case. Social implications – The work will benefit audience who are willing to examine the effect of logarithmic nonlinearity. Originality/value – The paper presents a new efficient algorithm for the higher dimensional logarithmic BEs.
Optical property measurements using broadband reflectance spectroscopy in human tisues before and after photodynamic therapy

Tissue optical properties of various organs in a wide spectral range (600-800 nm) were measured before and after photodynamic therapy treatment for patients with intraperitoneal malignancies. The quantitative information may improve treatment efficacy.
Nicotinic acid therapy of dermatitis herpetiformis.

In 1944 one of us (H. H. J.) was informed by a patient, admitted for other than cutaneous disease, that he had suffered with dermatitis herpetiformis for many years. However, at this admission the observed lack of symptoms in the patient was due to self-medication with nicotinic acid. He stated that each time he ceased taking the vitamin the symptoms of dermatitis herpetiformis recurred and upon resuming the nicotinic acid the pruritus and cutaneous lesions subsided. Since the medications hitherto employed for dermatitis herpetiformis have been either only partially successful or fraught with hazard, the report of striking benefit from nicotinic acid seemed worth further study. This report summarizes experience with nicotinic acid in the therapy of 12 cases of dermatitis herpetiformis.
Super returns to Super Bowl ads

This paper uses a natural experiment—the Super Bowl—to study the causal effect of advertising on demand for movies. Identification of the causal effect rests on two points: 1) Super Bowl ads are purchased before advertisers know which teams will play; 2) home cities of the teams that are playing will have proportionally more viewers than viewers in other cities. We find that the movies in our sample experience on average incremental opening weekend ticket sales of about $8.4 million from a $3 million Super Bowl advertisement.