cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bend It Like Beckham? Using Cognitive Science To Inform Online Legal Research and Writing Pedagogy During The Pandemic

This article will be published in a forthcoming volume of the Nova Law Review devoted to an online symposium it sponsored on February 26, 2021 entitled "Engaging LRW Students In The ‘New Normal’ – Teaching In The Time Of COVID." The article discusses strategies for adapting legal research and writing lessons developed for the classroom to online videoconferencing platforms like Zoom in response to the shift to online legal education in Spring 2020 as a result of the COVID crisis. Also addressed in this article is an oft overlooked topic in the literature about online legal education regarding issues to consider in selecting tech equipment for our desktop classrooms that may enhance our effectiveness as online teachers. With respect to online legal research and writing pedagogy, this article suggests an approach informed by principles of cognitive science to make use of online videoconferencing tools in ways that actively engage students, that strive to make our teaching as multimodal as possible given the constraints of these platforms, and that remind us of the importance of establishing a supportive classroom environment given the stress that students have faced as a result of the pandemic. This article also incorporates the results of several studies in a small but growing body of empirical research that has examined the effectiveness of remote online teaching during the pandemic in the context of undergraduate and non-law school graduate degree programs. As a result, this article provides a good snapshot of what researchers have concluded works, and doesn’t work, with respect to teaching via a videoconferencing platform like Zoom in a time of COVID.
Paraconsistent Logic

In some logics, anything whatsoever follows from a contradiction; call these logics explosive. Paraconsistent logics are logics that are not explosive. Paraconsistent logics have a long and fruitful history, and no doubt a long and fruitful future. To give some sense of the situation, I’ll spend Section 1 exploring exactly what it takes for a logic to be paraconsistent. It will emerge that there is considerable open texture to the idea. In Section 2, I’ll give some examples of techniques for developing paraconsistent logics. In Section 3, I’ll discuss what seem to me to be some promising applications of certain paraconsistent logics. In fact, however, I don’t think there’s all that much to the concept ‘paraconsistent’ itself; the collection of paraconsistent logics is far too heterogenous to be very productively dealt with under a single label. Perhaps that will emerge as we go.
Celebrating Victory from the Sea of Reeds to the Eschatological Battle Field: Miriam’s Timbrels and Dances in Exodus 15 and Beyond:

In 4Q285 frg. 7 the eschatological Branch of David defeats the Kittim (the Roman army) and puts to death the king of the Kittim (the Roman emperor). After this victory the women of Israel beat timb...
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, liraglutide, reduces heroin self-administration and drug-induced reinstatement of heroin-seeking behaviour in rats.

Drug addiction is a chronic brain disease characterized by the uncontrolled use of a substance. Due to its relapsing nature, addiction is difficult to treat, as individuals can relapse following even long periods of abstinence and, it is during this time, that they are most vulnerable to overdose. In America, opioid overdose has been increasing for decades, making finding new treatments to help patients remain abstinent and prevent overdose deaths imperative. Recently, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have shown promise in reducing motivated behaviours for drugs of abuse. In this study, we test the effectiveness of the GLP-1 analogue, liraglutide (LIR), in reducing heroin addiction-like behaviour, and the potential side effects associated with the treatment. We show that daily treatment with LIR (0.1 mg/kg sc) increases the latency to take heroin, reduces heroin self-administration, prevents escalation of heroin self-administration and reduces drug-induced reinstatement of heroin-seeking behaviour in rats. A 1-h pretreatment time, however, was too short to reduce cue-induced seeking in our study. Moreover, we showed that, while LIR (0.1, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.0 mg/kg sc) supported conditioned taste avoidance of a LIR-paired saccharin cue, it did not elicit intake of the antiemetic kaolin in heroin-naive or heroin-experienced rats. Further, 0.1 mg/kg LIR did not produce great disruptions in food intake or body weight. Overall, the data show that LIR is effective in reducing heroin taking and heroin seeking at doses that do not cause malaise and have a modest effect on food intake and body weight gain.
The Newtonian Approximation in Magnetic Hypersonic Stagnation-Point Flow

The hypersonic flow of an electrically conducting fluid around the stagnation region of a sphere carrying a radial magnetic field is examined. By assuming a Newtonian pressure distribution and constant density, the differential equation of the inviscid flow is integrated and a simple closed-form solution is obtained. I t is found that the ratio of the stand-off distances of the shock wave for the magnetic and nonmagnetic cases does not depend explicitly on the magnetic parameter Ss (ratio of the ponderomotive force to the free-stream inertia force) nor on the density ratio e (the value at the free stream divided by the value behind the shock wave) but on the product Ss\/e, at least for values of e between 1/5 and 1/20. The velocity gradient on the body is also calculated and the ratio of the magnetic to the nonmagnetic case is shown to depend on the parameter Ss\/€. The case of cylindrical shocks is also examined; the same general conclusions are drawn.
Reinventing Paulo Freire: A Pedagogy of Love

One of the most influential critical educators of the twentieth century, Paulo Freire challenged those educational inequalities and conditions of injustice faced by oppressed populations. In this new edition of Reinventing Paulo Freire, Antonia Darder re-examines his legacy through reflections on Freirean pedagogy and the narratives of teachers who reinvent his work. The fully revised first part provides important historical, political, and economic connections between major societal concerns and educational questions raised by Freire and their link to the contemporary moment, including questions tied to neoliberalism, coloniality, and educational inequalities. At the heart of the book is a critical understanding of how Freire’s pedagogy of love can inform, in theory and practice, a humanizing approach to teaching and learning. Powerful teacher narratives offer examples of a living praxis, committed to democratic classroom life and the emancipation of subaltern communities. The narratives clearly illustrate how Freire’s ideas can be put concretely into practice in schools and communities. These reflections on Freirean praxis are sure to spark conversation and inspiration in teacher education courses. Through a close theoretical engagement of Freire’s ideas and key insights garnered from lived experiences, the book speaks to the ways Freire can still inspire contemporary educators to adopt the spirit of liberatory pedagogy, By so doing, Reinventing Paulo Freire is certain to advance his theories in new ways, both to those familiar with his work and to those studying Freire for the first time.
Validating niche-construction theory through path analysis

Under the conventional view of evolution, species over time come to exhibit those characteristics that best enable them to survive and reproduce in their preexisting environments. Niche construction provides a second evolutionary route to establishing the adaptive fit, or match, between organism and environment, viewing such matches as dynamical products of a two-way process involving organisms both responding to problems posed by environments as well as setting themselves new problems by changing their environments through further niche construction. Not surprising, the analysis of niche construction is complicated. For example, variables of interest might contain measurement error, or some variables might not be observable. In other cases, variables might not be datable and have to be measured at the same date. A time-series generalization of path analysis, which itself can be viewed as a version of simultaneous-equation analysis, offers a means of highlighting causal relationships in complex systems of niche construction by graphically representing a hypothesis of causality between variables and, in some instances, providing an estimated weight that a hypothesized causal variable has on another variable. Path analysis forces researchers to specify how variables relate to one another and encourages development of clear and logical theories concerning the processes that influence a particular outcome. As we show through a case study—the coevolution of cattle husbandry and the tolerance for milk consumption—path analysis can also call attention to potential areas of weakness and ambiguity in data sets and how they are used in constructing inferences.
Nucleosynthesis in Supernova Explosions

Nucleosynthesis in dynamics of massive star cores, noting element synthesis by neutron capture in supernova explosions
Überlegungen zur Wahl des Stichprobenumfangs bei empirischen Untersuchungen

Im Rahmen des Beitrags wird eine grundlegende Vorgehensweise zur Bestimmung des Stichprobenumfangs bei empirischen Untersuchungen vorgeschlagen. Ausgangspunkt der Betrachtungen ist die in der Datenauswertung benotigte Objektanzahl. Diese wird im allgemeinen durch Voraussetzungen der durchzufuhrenden statistischen Methoden determiniert. Des weiteren stellt die gewunschte Genauigkeit der Ergebnisse entsprechende Anforderungen an den auswertbaren Stichprobenumfang. Um die zu erhebende Objektanzahl letztlich zu bestimmen, sind daruber hinaus die bei der Vorbereitung und Durchfuhrung der Datengewinnung auftretenden Ausfalle von Stichprobeneinheiten zu berucksichtigen.
Public Key Attacks

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Factoring Algorithms Discrete Log Algorithms RSA Implementation Attacks Summary Problems ]]>
Independent Tests and the Log‐Likelihood‐Ratio Measure of Confirmation

I shall offer some very plausible assumptions for the measure of confirmation and show that they imply that E confirms H relative to background K to degree f(PK(E|H)/PK(E| ∼ H)), where f is a strictly increasing function. An additional assumption about how measures of confirmation combine then makes f be proportional to a logarithm.
Corruption in Higher Education as a Legacy of the Medieval University (in Russian)

Вглядываясь в глубину веков, можно предположить, что средневековые университеты Франции и Италии значительно отличались от множества организационных форм современных вузов, и тем не менее средневековые университеты и современные вузы имеют много общего. Рост коррупции в высшем образовании стран бывшего социалистического лагеря и многих других стран требует лучшего понимания проблемы в контексте социально-экономических трансформаций. Коррупция в высшем образовании имеет глубокие корни в организационной структуре вузов. В данной статье анализируется коррупционное наследие при поступлении в вуз, процессе обучения и получении диплома.
A feed forward mechanism for adenoviral E1A protein-mediated sensitization to apoptosis

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005 5474 The adenovirus type-5 E1A was reported originally as an oncogene, which could cooperate with other viral and cellular oncogenes to transform primary culture cells, however, E1A has not been associated with human malignancies despite extensive studies trying to identify such a link. Instead, the type-5 E1A gene was shown to suppress tumorigenicity and experimental metastasis and expression of the E1A protein has also been shown to increase sensitivity to a variety of apoptotic stimuli-induced apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying E1A-mediated sensitization to apoptosis are still not completely defined. Earlier studies suggested that E1A-mediated sensitization to apoptosis dependens on the expression of functional p53 and p19ARF in normal fibroblast cells or through downregulation of Her-2/neu overexpression in human cancer cells. In other studies, E1A was reported to mediate sensitization to anti-cancer drugs in a p53- and Her-2/neu-independent manner. Similarly, there is no correlation between p53 protein level and sensitivity of DNA-damaging agents in keratinocytes carrying adenovirus E1A. Additional critical molecules was also proposed to be involved in E1A-induced chemosensitization, such as the pro-apoptotic protein Apaf-1, Bax, a few procaspases. However, none of the above molecules or pathways can really serve as a general cellular mechanism for E1A-mediated sensitization to apoptosis in a diverse cellular context. To clarify this issue, we established E1A-expressing stable cells of low-Her-2/neu-expressing human breast cancer cells with or without wide-type p53. Sensitization to anti-cancer drug-induced apoptosis of E1A-expressing cells was observed in cell culture in vitro and in orthotopic animal models in vivo. However, we did not observe a consistent upregulation of procaspases or Bax protein in different E1A-stable cell lines established in human cancer. Instead, we found that E1A by upregulating the catalytic subunit of PP2A downregulated Akt activity and upregulated p38 activity. We demonstrate that Akt and p38 can regulate each other through PP2A phosphatase and that PP2A dephosphorylated and inactivated Akt, which could stimulate p38 activity, likely through activation of ASK1, by increasing phosphorylation of p38. Since p38 is known to upregulate PP2A activity, the increased p38 activity can enhance PP2A activity and then further inactivate Akt. Thus, PP2A phosphatase, Akt, ASK1 and p38 kinases form a signal loop that can enhance pro-apoptotic signaling in a feedforward manner.
Translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for use in cross‐cultural health care research: a clear and user‐friendly guideline

Rationale, aims and objectives The diversity of the population worldwide suggests a great need for cross-culturally validated research instruments or scales. Researchers and clinicians must have access to reliable and valid measures of concepts of interest in their own cultures and languages to conduct cross-cultural research and/or provide quality patient care. Although there are well-established methodological approaches for translating, adapting and validating instruments or scales for use in cross-cultural health care research, a great variation in the use of these approaches continues to prevail in the health care literature. Therefore, the objectives of this scholarly paper were to review published recommendations of cross-cultural validation of instruments and scales, and to propose and present a clear and user-friendly guideline for the translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for cross-cultural health care research. Methods A review of highly recommended methodological approaches to translation, adaptation and cross-cultural validation of research instruments or scales was performed. Recommendations were summarized and incorporated into a seven-step guideline. Each one of the steps was described and key points were highlighted. Example of a project using the proposed steps of the guideline was fully described. Conclusions Translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for crosscultural research is very time-consuming and requires careful planning and the adoption of rigorous methodological approaches to derive a reliable and valid measure of the concept of interest in the target population.
Soda Consumption May Increase Risk of Dental Caries in Primary Teeth of Low-income African Americans

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Dental caries development among African American children: results from a 4-year longitudinal study. Lim S, Tellez M, Ismail AI. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2015;43(3):200-207 . Reviewers Masahiro Heima, DDS, PhD, Peter Milgrom, DDS Purpose/Question The authors conducted a secondary analysis of data from Detroit Dental Health Project to examine associations between new dental caries development and individual-level, family-level, and environmental risk factors over 4 years. Source of Funding This research was supported by National Institute on Dental and Craniofacial Research grant number U54DE14261, the Delta Dental Fund of Michigan, and the University of Michigan Office of Vice President for Research Type of Study/Design Retrospective cohort study Level of Evidence Level 2: Limited-quality, patient oriented evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Not applicable
IMPACTS OF PROJECTED CLIMATE CHANGES ON STREAMFLOW AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT FOR THREE SNOWMELT-DOMINATED RIVERS IN THE INTERIOR PACIFIC NORTHWEST

Anthropogenic climate change is likely to have significant impacts on river systems, particularly on rivers dominated by seasonal snowmelt. In addition to altering the timing and magnitude of streamflow, climate change can affect the energy available to transport sediment, as well as the availability of sediment to be transported. These hydrologic changes are sensitive to local climate, which is largely controlled by topography, but climate models cannot resolve processes at these scales. Here, I investigate impacts of climate change on streamflow and suspended-sediment transport for three snowmelt-dominated rivers in the interior Pacific Northwest – the Tucannon River in Washington and the South Fork Coeur d'Alene and Red rivers in Idaho – using downscaled climate simulations from regional climate models (a range of three models plus an ensemble average) to drive a basin-scale hydrologic model. The results indicate that climate change is likely to amplify the annual cycle of river discharge, producing higher winter discharge (increases in ensemble mean January discharge ranging from 4.1% to 34.4% for the three rivers), an earlier spring snowmelt peak (by approximately one month), and lower summer discharge (decreases in ensemble mean July discharge ranging from 5.2% to 47.2%), relative to a late 20th-century baseline. The magnitude of the largest simulated flood under the ensemble-average climate change scenario increases by 0.6–41.6% across the three rivers. Simulated changes in suspended-sediment transport generally follow the changes in streamflow. These changes in discharge and sediment transport will likely produce significant impacts on the study rivers, including changes in flooding, physical habitat, and river morphology. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intraocular pressure control and long-term visual field loss in the Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study.

Objective To evaluate the impact of measures of intraocular pressure (IOP) control on progression of visual field (VF) loss during long-term treatment for open-angle glaucoma (OAG). Design Longitudinal, randomized clinical trial. Participants We included 607 participants with newly diagnosed OAG. Methods Study participants were randomly assigned to initial treatment with medications or trabeculectomy, and underwent examination at 6-month intervals. Standardized testing included Goldmann applanation tonometry and Humphrey 24-2 full threshold VFs. Summary measures of IOP control during follow-up included the maximum, mean, standard deviation (SD), range, proportion less than 16, 18, 20, or 22 mmHg, and whether all IOP values were less than each of these 4 cutpoints. Predictive models for VF outcomes were based on the mean deviation (MD) from VF testing, and were adjusted for age, gender, race, baseline VF loss, treatment, and time. Each summary IOP measure was included as a cumulative, time-dependent variable, and its association with subsequent VF loss was assessed from 3 to 9 years postrandomization. Both linear mixed models, to detect shifts in MD levels, and logistic models, to detect elevated odds of substantial worsening (≥3 dB), were used. Main Outcome Measures We measured the MD from Humphrey 24-2 full threshold VF tests. Results The effect of the summary IOP measures differed between the medicine and surgery groups in models that addressed the continuous MD outcome. After adjustment for baseline risk factors, in the medicine group larger values of 3 IOP control measures—maximum IOP ( P = 0.0003), SD of IOP ( P = 0.0056), and range of IOP ( P Conclusions These results support considering more aggressive treatment when undue elevation or variation in IOP measures is observed. Financial Disclosure(s) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
Decomposition Measurements of RP-1, RP-2, JP-7, n-Dodecane, and Tetrahydroquinoline in Shock Tubes (Preprint)

Abstract : Fuel time-histories and overall rates of gas-phase RP-1, RP-2, JP-7, n-dodecane, and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline decomposition reactions were measured using laser absorption in an aerosol shock tube and a heated high-pressure shock tube. Experiments were performed with 0.1% to 0.6% fuel/argon mixtures for temperatures between 1000 and 1400 K and pressures from 3 to 51 atm. Fuel concentration was measured by infrared laser absorption at 3.39 &#956;m using absorption cross sections also reported here. Fuel-removal data for n-dodecane were also used to determine the unimolecular decomposition rate constant for the reaction n-dodecane &#8594; products.
Photoluminescence properties of graphene versus other carbon nanomaterials.

Photoluminescent nanomaterials continue to garner research attention becauseof their many applications. For many years, researchers have focused on quantum dots (QDs) of semiconductor nanocrystals for their excellent performance and predictable fluorescence color variations that depend on the sizes of the nanocrystals. Even with these advantages, QDs can present some major limitations, such as the use of heavy metals in the high-performance semiconductor QDs. Therefore, researchers continue to be interested in developing new QDs or related nanomaterials. Recently, various nanoscale configurations of carbon have emerged as potential new platforms in the development of brightly photoluminescent materials.As a perfect π-conjugated single sheet, graphene lacks electronic bandgaps andis not photoluminescent. Therefore, researchers have created energy bandgaps within graphene as a strategy to impart fluorescence emissions. Researchers have explored many experimental techniques to introduce bandgaps, such as cut...
Simultaneous measurement of bone resorption and collagen synthesis in neonatal mouse calvaria

A tissue culture technique which permits the simultaneous measurement of collagen synthesis and bone resportion has been developed. Cultured neonatal mouse calvaria undergo resorption when stimulated by a number of agents including parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and prostaglandin E2. Mouse calvaria are of sufficient size to measure the extent of proline incorporation into collagenase-digestible protein. Four chemically diverse stimulators of bone resorption were tested for their effect on collagen synthesis. For each stimulator tested, the dose-response relationships for the stimulation of resorption and the inhibition of collagen synthesis were found to coincide.
Immune Aging and Rheumatoid Arthritis

Immunologic models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have to take into account that the disease occurs at an age when immunocompetence is declining and in a host whose immune system shows evidence of accelerated immune aging. By several immune aging biomarkers, the immune system in patients with RA is prematurely aged by more than 20 years. One major pathogenetic mechanism is a defect in telomere maintenance and DNA repair that causes accelerated cell death. These findings in RA are reminiscent of murine autoimmunity models, in which lymphopenia was identified as a major risk factor for autoimmunity. Progress in the understanding of how accelerated immune aging is pathogenetically involved in RA may allow development of new therapeutic approaches that go beyond the use of anti-inflammatory agents and eventually could open new avenues for preventive intervention.
The structure of bis(1,1,1,5.5,5-hexafluoro-2,4. pentadionato) copper(II) as determined by gas phase electron diffraction

Abstract The rg structure of bis(1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetonato) copper(II) has been determined by gas phase electron diffraction. The experimental data were found to be consistent with a D2h model in which the oxygens from the two ligands are arranged in an essentially square planar configuration about the copper atom (∠OCuO = 90.6° ± 1.2°). It was possible to obtain a precise value for the copper oxygen bond length, rg = 1.919 ± 0.008 A, since this distance appeared as an isolated peak in the radial distribution curve. Structural parameters for the ligand (rg(C-O) = 1.276 ± 0.009 A, rg(C-Cring) = 1.392 ± 0.015 A, rg(C-CF3)= 1.558 ± 0.009 A and rg(C-F) = 1.339 ± 0.003 A), while less precisely determined are, nevertheless, consistent with reported values for related molecules. A model for the rotational isomerism of the four CF3 groups was invoked in order to explain various features in the radial distribution curve in a region from 2.5 to 5.5 A.
High-performance composites: Commonalty of phenomena

This book contains peer-reviewed articles presented at an international symposium, High Performance Composites: Commonalty of Phenomena, held on October 2 through 6, 1994 as a part of Materials Week, under the auspices of Minerals, Materials and Metals Society (TMS) and ASM International at Rosemont, IL., USA. The objective of this symposium was to examine the state of their understanding in process, microstructure, and properties of high performance composites. The idea was to bring together researchers working in these areas with different composites (polymeric, metallic, intermetallic, and ceramic matrix composites). Commonalty of phenomena in different types of composites, such as processing, damage evolution, role of the matrix microstructure, interface, toughening mechanisms, and fracture was the main theme of the symposium. Forty one papers have been processed separately for inclusion on the data base.
American Mass-Market Magazines

Introduction American Mass-Market Magazines Appendix: Chronology of Mass-Market Titles Selected Bibliography Index
Self-reported desire to improve colposcopic impressions.

Background: Women who participate in cervical cancer screening programs must have access to high quality colposcopy services when their cytology test are abnormal. The purpose of this project is to evaluate colposcopic services currently available in New Hampshire and whether colposcopy providers are willing to network to maintain and improve their colposcopic pattern recognition skills in order to improve their colposcopic correlations. Methods: A survey was mailed to 1314 providers throughout New Hampshire. The survey ascertained the extent of current colposcopic services in New Hampshire through practitioner and practice demographics, the cervical procedures performed, the self-reported colposcopy skill level, and the self-reported quality of past colposcopic education. It also measured interest in networking with others to improve their colposcopic pattern recognition skills. Results: The survey response rate was 62%. 145 of the 810 respondents (18%) are currently performing colposcopies, indicating a statewide potential colposcopy accommodation rate of 3.5 to 7 women per month per colposcopist. 57% of the physician assistants, 59% of the family physicians, 75% of the gynecologists and 100% of the nurse practitioners were interested in enhancing their colposcopic pattern recognition skills by networking through quarterly meetings. Conclusions: The crude accommodation rate for colposcopy appears sufficient for the women of New Hampshire although the geographic distribution of the colposcopists is unknown. A majority of the colposcopists were interested in networking to improve their colposcopic pattern recognition skills, which could improve patient care.
Shared intentions without a self

Shared knowledge of intentionality as well as shared knowledge of anything depends on the organism's understanding of itself, others, and the possible relations between self and other. This understanding involves mental representations of me , which emerges in the second half of the second year in the human infant, and it is this ability that gives rise to humanlike social understanding and complex self-conscious emotions.
Muscle substrate utilization from alveolar gas exchange in trained cyclists.

The respiratory exchange ratio (R) during steady-state exercise is equivalent to whole-body respiratory quotient (RQ), but does not represent muscle metabolism alone. If steady-state values of carbon dioxide production (\(\dot VCO_2\)) and oxygen uptake (\(\dot VO_2\)) are plotted for different work rates, the slope of the line fitting these points should estimate muscle RQ. Twelve cyclists randomly performed five 8-min, constant work rate tests of 40, 80,120,160 and 200 W. Whole-bodyR, averaged over the final 2 min of each exercise bout, increased with increasing work rate. When\(\dot VCO_2\) was plotted as a function of\(\dot VO_2\), the regression lines through the five points displayed excellent linearity, had negative γ-intercepts, and a slope of 0.915 (0.043) [mean (SD)], which was greater than the whole-bodyR at any individual work rate [range 0.793 (0.027) at 40 W to 0.875 (0.037) at 200 W]. This slope was comparable to the lower slope of the\(\dot VCO_2\) versus\(\dot VO_2\) plot of an increasing work rate (ramp) protocol [0.908 (0.054)]. We conclude that, during mild and moderate exercise of relatively short duration, contracting muscle has a high and constant RQ, indicating that carbohydrate is the predominant metabolic substrate. WholebodyR does not accurately reflect muscle substrate utilization and probably underestimates muscle RQ at a given work rate.
INTESTINAL COMPLICATIONS IN RHEUMATOID ARTERITIS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY

Abstract 1488 selected case reports of patients with rheumatoid arthritis were reviewed for intestinal arteritis as a complication of rheumatoid arteritis and for any possible relationship of this complication to previous steroid therapy. A total of 254 patients was found with rheumatoid arteritis, of whom 144 had received preceding steroids. Intestinal arteritis was described in 43 patients. These patients were divided into steroid and non-steroid treated groups: 31 had received previous steroid therapy, 9 had not, and in 3 steroid therapy was not described. There was no difference between the two groups in age of onset, duration, or staging of arthritis. Further comparison between the steroid and non-steroid treated groups disclosed no significant difference in occurrence of intestinal complications, histology of the lesions, or number of lesions per patient as a cause of death. From these observations it appears that steroid therapy neither causes nor aggravates arteritis in rheumatoid disease.
Structural study of amorphous hydrogenated and unhydrogenated titanium carbide thin films by extended x-ray-absorption fine structure and extended electron-energy-loss fine structure.

Thin films of hydrogenated and unhydrogenated titanium carbide, known to be amorphous from x-ray and electron diffraction studies, nevertheless exhibit short-range order at the level of the first-nearest-neighbor shell when studied by extended x-ray-absorption fine structure and extended electron-energy-loss fine structure. This short-range order appears to consist of the same octahedrally coordinated units present in crystalline titanium carbide (NaCl structure), where a titanium atom is surrounded by an octahedron of six carbon atoms and vice versa. The persistence of this basic structural unit is attributed to the difference in atomic radii between C and Ti and to the strong nature of the Ti-C bond. A slight relaxation in interatomic distance relative to the crystalline state, which increases upon hydrogenation, is also observed. The atomic positions in the first coordination shell in amorphous titanium carbide are slightly displaced relative to the crystalline form. Yet, upon hydrogenation, this displacement decreases in the first shell, made of carbon atoms and vacancies, surrounding a Ti atom by 40% for the 4.5 at. % H and 60% for the 6 at. % H relative to the unhydrogenated amorphous ${\mathrm{TiC}}_{\mathrm{x}}$ films. By contrast, the structural disorder in the first shell of Ti atoms surrounding a C atom is practically unaffected by the addition of hydrogen. These results imply that the hydrogen atoms, instead of occupying tetrahedral vacancies, fill carbon vacancies in the amorphous phase as they do in crystalline ${\mathrm{TiC}}_{\mathrm{x}}$, in agreement with our previous findings from static secondary-ion mass spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Enhancement of the superconducting transition temperature near a phase instability in NaxWO3

Abstract The superconducting transition temperature of tetragonal I sodium tungsten bronze (NaxWO3) has been found to increase rapidly as the x-value is decreased to the metal-semiconductor phase transition. It is suggested that a soft mode instability is responsible for the increased electron-phonon interaction near the phase transition.
European Geophysical Meetings

The fourth biennial meeting of the European Union of Geosciences (EUG) was held in Strasbourg, France, April 13–16, 1987. The very existence of this meeting reflects a major accomplishment in the unification of the Earth sciences in Europe. The meeting is usually held in the Palais des Congres in Strasbourg, which is an excellent, if somewhat overcrowded, facility. Strasbourg itself is an extremely attractive site, with great beauty, outstanding food, and a truly international flavor. French, German, and English are generally understood.
Diverse Bacterial Microcompartment Organelles

SUMMARY Bacterial microcompartments (MCPs) are sophisticated protein-based organelles used to optimize metabolic pathways. They consist of metabolic enzymes encapsulated within a protein shell, which creates an ideal environment for catalysis and facilitates the channeling of toxic/volatile intermediates to downstream enzymes. The metabolic processes that require MCPs are diverse and widely distributed and play important roles in global carbon fixation and bacterial pathogenesis. The protein shells of MCPs are thought to selectively control the movement of enzyme cofactors, substrates, and products (including toxic or volatile intermediates) between the MCP interior and the cytoplasm of the cell using both passive electrostatic/steric and dynamic gated mechanisms. Evidence suggests that specialized shell proteins conduct electrons between the cytoplasm and the lumen of the MCP and/or help rebuild damaged iron-sulfur centers in the encapsulated enzymes. The MCP shell is elaborated through a family of small proteins whose structural core is known as a bacterial microcompartment (BMC) domain. BMC domain proteins oligomerize into flat, hexagonally shaped tiles, which assemble into extended protein sheets that form the facets of the shell. Shape complementarity along the edges allows different types of BMC domain proteins to form mixed sheets, while sequence variation provides functional diversification. Recent studies have also revealed targeting sequences that mediate protein encapsulation within MCPs, scaffolding proteins that organize lumen enzymes and the use of private cofactor pools (NAD/H and coenzyme A [HS-CoA]) to facilitate cofactor homeostasis. Although much remains to be learned, our growing understanding of MCPs is providing a basis for bioengineering of protein-based containers for the production of chemicals/pharmaceuticals and for use as molecular delivery vehicles.
10 Gbit/s repeaterless transmission over 265 km SMF-28: using a modified duo-binary RZ signal generated by one dual-drive LiNbO3 modulator

Abstract We will experimentally demonstrate 10 Gbit/s repeaterless transmission over a record length of standard fiber (SMF-28) using a modified duo-binary RZ signal generated by one dual-drive LiNbO 3 modulator. Our results show that the MD-RZ signal can tolerate a certain dispersion tolerance range.
Influence of Architectural Details on the Overall Thermal Performance of Residential Wall Systems

Predicted heat losses through building walls are typically based on measurements of the wall system clear wall area using test methods such as ASTM C 236 or are calculated by one of the procedures recommended in the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals that often are carried out for the clear wall area exclu sively. In this paper, the phrase "clear wall area" is defined as the part of the wall system that is free of thermal anomalies due to building envelope subsystems, or thermally unaffected by intersections with other surfaces of the building envelope. These experiments or calculations normally do not include the effects of building en velope subsystems such as corners, window and door openings, and structural joints with roofs, floors, ceilings, and other walls. These details represent completely different constructions; it is apparent that the thermal properties measured or calculated for the clear wall area may not adequately represent the total wall system thermal performance. Factors that would impact ...
Gallbladder CCK receptors: species differences in glycosylation of similar protein cores.

Abstract Receptors for cholecystokinin (CCK) on gallbladder muscularis smooth muscle have different apparent sizes in man ( M r = 85,000–95,000) and cow ( M r = 70,000–85,000). In this work, these receptors were demonstrated to represent N-linked complex glycoproteins with M r = 43,000 protein cores, based on lectin-affinity chromatography and the deglycosylation of bands affinity labeled with 125 I- d -Tyr-Gly-[(Nle 28,31 , pNO 2− -Phe 33 )CCK-26–33] using neuraminidase, O -glycanase and endoglycosidases H and F. Similarities in the core proteins were further demonstrated by Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease peptide mapping, in which both proteins yielded similar fragment patterns. Thus, gallbladder CCK receptors present in man and cow are both N-linked complex glycoproteins, with different carbohydrate domains and similar protein cores.
Community analysis in stream biomonitoring: what we measure and what we don't

Diatom assemblages from 83 epilithic samples taken from the Mesta River, Bulgaria, were regressed against three sets of predictor variables, i.e. environmental, spatial, and temporal. Redundancy analysis (RDA) of species and environmental data explained 36% of the diatom variance and extracted several important gradients of species distribution, associated with a downstream increase in nutrient levels, pH, temperature, and organic pollution. The inclusion of spatial and temporal variables in the RDA model captured additional 24% of the diatom variance and revealed three more gradients, a spatial gradient represented by higher order polynomial terms of latitude and longitude, and two temporal gradients of annual and seasonal variation. Partial RDAs demonstrated that the unique contribution of each predictor set to the explained diatom variance was the highest in the spatial dataset (16%), followed by the environmental (9%), and the temporal (7%) datasets. The remaining 28% of the variance was explained by the covariance of the predictor sets. This suggests that in biomonitoring of single stream basins, the cheap and simple account of space and time would explain most of the variance in assemblage composition obviating the necessity of expensive and time-consuming environmental assessments. The nature of the underlying environmental mechanisms can be easily inferred from the diatom composition itself.
Dissymmetric recognition of the helical sense of deoxyribonucleic acid and evidence for binding of reporter molecules from the minor groove of DNA

Abstract Through the utilization of optically active DNP-derivatives of l - and d -proline, evidence is presented which suggests that nucleic acids exist as right-handed helices in solution. The results of ultraviolet absorption, circular dichroism, proton magnetic resonance (pmr), T m of the helix-coil transition, viscometric, and binding studies are consistent with the above interpretation. It is shown that several types of DNA (i.e., salmon sperm, calf thymus, Micrococcus luteus , poly d(A-T)-poly d(A-T) and poly d(I-C)-poly d(I-C)) exist in a right-handed helical structure in solution. In addition, evidence is presented which strongly indicates that the 2,4-dinitroaniline ring of DNP-proline is intercalated between base-pairs of DNA and the prolyl side chain situated in the minor groove. Moreover, it is shown that the more sterically hindered DNP-derivatives exhibit a higher selectivity for A-T binding sites.
The Fermilab lattice supercomputer project

Abstract The ACPMAPS system is a highly cost effective, local memory MIMD computer targeted at algorithm development and production running for gauge theory on the lattice. The machine consists of a compound hypercube of crates, each of which is a full crossbar switch containing several processors. The processing nodes are single board array processors based on the Weitek XL chip set, each with a peak power of 20 MFLOPS and supported by 8MBytes of data memory. The system currently being assembled has a peak power of 5 GFLOPS, delivering performance at approximately $250/MFLOP. The system is programmable in C and Fortran. An underpinning of software routines (CANOPY) provides an easy and natural way of coding lattice problems, such that the details of parallelism, and communication and system architecture are transparent to the user. CANOPY can easily be ported to any single CPU or MIMD system which supports C, and allows the coding of typical applications with very little effort.
Neuropeptide-dopamine interactions. III. Cyclo(His-Pro) and persistence of dopaminergic supersensitivity on withdrawal from one year continuous neuroleptic treatment.

Abstract When rats are given dopaminergic antagonists (neuroleptics) continuously for several days behavioral supersensitivity to dopaminergic agonists results. This supersensitivity, however, declines rapidly on neuroleptic withdrawal. The data presented here, however, are the first to show that the supersensitivity persists for a longer duration ( > 100 days) if the neuroleptic is administered continuously for 1 year. Oral administration of 0.76 ± 0.13 mg/kg/day cyclo(His-Pro), a peptide exhibiting dopaminergic agonist-like properties, during neuroleptic withdrawal did not change the course of dopaminergic supersensitivity reversal.
Cellular Mechanisms for Dopamine D4 Receptor-induced Homeostatic Regulation of α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid (AMPA) Receptors

Aberrant dopamine D4 receptor function has been implicated in mental illnesses, including schizophrenia and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Recently we have found that D4 receptor exerts an activity-dependent bi-directional regulation of AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-mediated synaptic currents in pyramidal neurons of prefrontal cortex (PFC) via the dual control of calcium/calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) activity. In this study, we examined the signaling mechanisms downstream of CaMKII that govern the complex effects of D4 on glutamatergic transmission. We found that in PFC neurons at high activity state, D4 suppresses AMPAR responses by disrupting the kinesin motor-based transport of GluR2 along microtubules, which was accompanied by the D4 reduction of microtubule stability via a mechanism dependent on CaMKII inhibition. On the other hand, in PFC neurons at the low activity state, D4 potentiates AMPAR responses by facilitating synaptic targeting of GluR1 through the scaffold protein SAP97 via a mechanism dependent on CaMKII stimulation. Taken together, these results have identified distinct signaling mechanisms underlying the homeostatic regulation of glutamatergic transmission by D4 receptors, which may be important for cognitive and emotional processes in which dopamine is involved.
MODELACIÓN DE LA DISPERSIÓN DE ANHÍDRIDO SULFUROSO EN LA COMUNA DE LA COMUNA DE PUCHUNCAVÍ UTILIZANDO EL PROGRAMA ISC3

The present work evaluates the atmospheric dispersion model ISC3 in Puchuncavi, Chile, modelling the emissions of SO 2 coming from the five stations that mak...
Endorphin-regulated protein phosphorylation in brain membranes

Abstract This study was initiated to determine whether opioid peptides exert direct effects on the phosphorylation of specific proteins in membranes from rat neostriatum. It was found that low concentrations of β-endorphin (0.1–10nM) inhibit the phosphorylation of specific proteins designated F and H (M.W. 47,000 and 10–20,000 respectively). In addition, β-endorphin produced an overall stimulation of phosphate incorporation into other membrane proteins, the phosphorylation of which is dependent on calcium ions. The stimulatory effects were blocked by naloxone, but the inhibitory effects were not. The regulation of membrane protein-phosphorylation by endorphins may constitute a biochemical mechanism mediating for some of the physiological affects of these peptides on neuronal function.
Passivation effects of polymethyl methacrylate on superconducting HgBa2CaCu2Ox+δ thin films

Abstract Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was investigated as a possible protective layer for HgBa2CaCu2Ox+δ superconducting thin films. Microwave surface resistance (Rs) and DC transport properties were measured on both virgin and PMMA-coated samples before and after they were exposed to certain environments including thermal cycling at high and low vacuums, air and water. At high vacuum near 0.5 mTorr, no degradation was observed on samples after undergoing 20 thermal cycles in the temperature range of 90–290 K. In the case of low vacuum ∼200 mTorr, only the coated samples showed stability after six thermal cycles. When exposed to air, the coated sample did not show any sign of degradation, whereas bare sample severely degraded during the same testing period. However, a long-term direct immersion in water could weaken the adhesion between PMMA and the film surface letting water penetrate. Hence, this polymer may be used as a protective layer for Hg-based superconductors against atmosphere-assisted degradation but not against direct water exposure.
Missing dimers and strain relief in Ge films on Si(100).

The 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}8 reconstruction of Ge films of Si(100) is shown to arise from ordered arrays of rebonded missing dimers (RMD's). Such a reconstruction was suggested by Pandey for Si(100). However, because of their large tensile stress, RMD's are much more energetically favorable in epitaxially compressed Ge films. For Si(100), RMD's have a very small energy, and their presence may account for the puzzling discrepancy between theory and experiment for the stress anisotropy.
Synthesis and DNA binding profile of N-mono- and N,N′-disubstituted indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles

A series of N-monosubstituted and N,N′-disubstituted derivatives of the indolo[3,2-b]carbazole chromophore have been prepared, and their binding affinity for duplex DNA has been evaluated by ultraviolet and fluorescence spectroscopies. It has been found that indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles bearing basic N-alkyl substituents are intercalators that bind DNA with affinities in the micromolar and submicromolar range and a preference for associating with sequences of mixed composition and purine-pyrimidine steps.
Finite resolution approximation to the asymptotic distribution for dynamical systems

Abstract The asymptotic distribution of points in phase space visited by orbits of a dynamical system determines how one is to evaluate averages of physical quantities over the phase space. In any numerical or laboratory experiment the details of this distribution are restricted by resolution. We present a method for calculating the asymptotic distribution commensurate with any given experimental resolution. Also we show how to evaluate the evolution from any initial distribution to the asymptotic distribution. Detailed calculations are given for the mapping x n +1 = B sin( πx n ), 0 ⩽ B ⩽ 1, which takes the interval 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 1 into itself.