cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contingent Stimulation: A Review of its Role in Early Development

The last decade has seen a change in emphasis regarding the role of stimulation in sustaining and fostering cognitive, motivational and emotional development. Whereas, during the ‘60’s such diverse pathologies as dwarfism, mental retardation, depression and affectionless psychopathology were attributed to lack of sufficient stimulation, particularly maternal stimulation, during infancy (Ainsworth, 1962; David and Appell, 1961; Levine, 1969; Province and Lipton, 1962; Rheingold, 1960), during the ‘70’s these same pathologies have been attributed to lack of sufficient response-contingent, or controllable stimulation (Levine, this volume; Lewis and Goldberg, 1969; Seligman, 1975; Watson, 1966). This change in emphasis from stimulation, per se, to contingent stimulation has been brought about by an increasing recognition of the importance of control for normal functioning and for coping with stress (see reviews by Averill, 1973; Lefcourt, 1976; Seligman, 1975; and other articles in this volume). It has been argued that experiences with control alter one’s motivation to respond, ability to learn contingent relationships, and behavioral and physiological responses to aversive stimulation (Bandura, 1977; Levine and Hennessy, this volume; Overmier, this volume; Seligman, 1975).
Small Neutral Amino Acid Ester Prodrugs of Acyclovir Targeting Amino Acid Transporters on the Cornea: Possible Antiviral Agents Against Ocular HSV-1 Infections.

The aim of this study was to characterize the affinity and permeability patterns of the amino acid ester prodrugs of acyclovir (ACV), L-alanine-ACV (AACV), L-serine-ACV (SACV), L-serine-succinate-ACV (SSACV) and L-cysteine-ACV (CACV) on rabbit primary corneal epithelial cell culture (rPCEC) and on rabbit cornea. Amino acid prodrugs of acyclovir, AACV, SACV, SSACV and CACV were synthesized in our laboratory. Chemical hydrolysis in aqueous buffer, enzymatic hydrolysis in corneal homogenates and transport across freshly excised rabbit cornea of these prodrugs were studied. SSACV inhibited the uptake of [3H] L-alanine on rPCEC and across the intact rabbit cornea. Lineweaver-Burk plot transformation revealed competitive inhibition between L-alanine and SSACV. In corneal tissue homogenate, the half lives of SSACV, SACV and CACV (t1/2) were observed to be 3.5 ± 0.4, 9.2 ± 0.6 and 1.8 ± 0.1 hr respectively, whereas AACV was readily converted to the active parent drug acyclovir exhibiting complete degradation before 5 min. Interestingly translocation of SACV across cornea was inhibited in the presence of 5 mM arginine (∼51%), a specific substrate for cationic transport system and in presence of BCH (∼38%), a substrate specific for large neutral amino acid transport system (LAT) or cationic and neutral amino acid transport system (B0,+). SACV exhibited higher permeability across cornea along with excellent antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in comparison to ACV. Recognition by multiple transporters, stability in corneal homogenate and changes in physico-chemical properties contributed to the increased permeability of SACV across cornea.
Bacterial Genome Annotation

Annotation of prokaryotic sequences can be separated into structural and functional annotation. Structural annotation is dependent on algorithmic interrogation of experimental evidence to discover the physical characteristics of a gene. This is done in an effort to construct accurate gene models, so understanding function or evolution of genes among organisms is not impeded. Functional annotation is dependent on sequence similarity to other known genes or proteins in an effort to assess the function of the gene. Combining structural and functional annotation across genomes in a comparative manner promotes higher levels of accurate annotation as well as an advanced understanding of genome evolution. As the availability of bacterial sequences increases and annotation methods improve, the value of comparative annotation will increase.
Socialization and pre-career development of public relations professionals via the undergraduate curriculum

ABSTRACTWe interviewed racially/ethnically diverse, early career public relations practitioners. By asking participants to reflect on their collegiate social and educational development, we unearth contributing factors to these individuals’ success both in college and in their professions to date. Respondents desired much more in-school training and technical skill acquisition than they were provided. Respondents also alluded to ways that the female/male composition of the undergraduate classroom affected their educational environment and student learning experiences. Findings are used to address the extent to which the educational/prepare-students-for-industry dialectic should be addressed by communication faculty and administrators.
Tuberculosis prevention in the private sector: using claims-based methods to identify and evaluate latent tuberculosis infection treatment with isoniazid among the commercially insured.

Context Targeted identification and treatment of people with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are key components of the US tuberculosis elimination strategy. Because of recent policy changes, some LTBI treatment may shift from public health departments to the private sector. Objectives To (1) develop methodology to estimate initiation and completion of treatment with isoniazid for LTBI using claims data, and (2) estimate treatment completion rates for isoniazid regimens from commercial insurance claims. Methods Medical and pharmacy claims data representing insurance-paid services rendered and prescriptions filled between January 2011 and March 2015 were analyzed. Participants Four million commercially insured individuals 0 to 64 years of age. Main outcome measures Six-month and 9-month treatment completion rates for isoniazid LTBI regimens. Results There was an annual isoniazid LTBI treatment initiation rate of 12.5/100 000 insured persons. Of 1074 unique courses of treatment with isoniazid for which treatment completion could be assessed, almost half (46.3%; confidence interval, 43.3-49.3) completed 6 or more months of therapy. Of those, approximately half (48.9%; confidence interval, 44.5-53.3) completed 9 months or more. Conclusions Claims data can be used to identify and evaluate LTBI treatment with isoniazid occurring in the commercial sector. Completion rates were in the range of those found in public health settings. These findings suggest that the commercial sector may be a valuable adjunct to more traditional venues for tuberculosis prevention. In addition, these newly developed claims-based methods offer a means to gain important insights and open new avenues to monitor, evaluate, and coordinate tuberculosis prevention.
Yield production functions of irrigated sugarbeet in an arid climate

Abstract Increased water demands and drought have resulted in the need to provide data to guide deficit water management decisions in irrigated sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) production. The objective of this study was to quantify the yield response of sugarbeet to water input and actual crop evapotranspiration (ETa) on a soil type (silt loam) common to sugarbeet production in the Northwest U.S. These relationships are valuable to understanding sugarbeet response over a range of water availability and in developing tools to assess future production under water shortages. This paper consolidates data from three studies consisting of ten site-years from 2009 to 2016. The studies were at the USDA-Agricultural Research Service facility in Kimberly, ID on a Portneuf silt loam soil. Treatments consisted of varying levels of cumulative seasonal Kimberly-Penman ET model estimated crop evapotranspiration (ETc) rates ranging from rain-fed to 125% of ETc. Irrigation methods consisted of surface drip irrigation (3 site-years), linear/pivot overhead sprinkler (6 site-years), and solid-set sprinkler (1 site-year). Irrigation frequency was consistent for all studies with applications occurring 2–3 times per week depending on ETc demand. Estimated recoverable sucrose (ERS) yield and root yield were measured, and soil water contents were measured. Across all site-years, quantitative relationships between both actual crop ET (ETa) and water input, and sugarbeet yield and quality variables were developed. Significant (0.05 probability level) positive linear relationships were found between ETa and sugarbeet ERS and root yields (r2 = 0.78). Estimated recoverable sucrose and root yields increased at rates of 19.4 kg ha−1 mm−1 ETa and 0.13 Mg ha−1 mm−1 ETa, respectively. When ETa depths of 719 and 729 mm were reached by the crop, root and ERS yields were maximized, respectively. When water input (irrigation + precipitation) depths of 598 and 605 mm were applied root and ERS yields were maximized, respectively. The quantitative relationships between both ETa and water input, and sugarbeet yields can be used to quantify sugarbeet production under deficit irrigation conditions (data derived from pivot/linear, drip, and solid set irrigation types), which may arise due to water shortage scenarios, or when drought occurs in non-irrigated areas.
Evaluating predictive models for solar energy growth in the US states and identifying the key drivers

Driven by a desire to control climate change and reduce the dependence on fossil fuels, governments around the world are increasing the adoption of renewable energy sources. However, among the US states, we observe a wide disparity in renewable penetration. In this study, we have identified and cleaned over a dozen datasets representing solar energy penetration in each US state, and the potentially relevant socioeconomic and other factors that may be driving the growth in solar. We have applied a number of predictive modeling approaches - including machine learning and regression - on these datasets over a 17-year period and evaluated the relative performance of the models. Our goals were: (1) identify the most important factors that are driving the growth in solar, (2) choose the most effective predictive modeling technique for solar growth, and (3) develop a model for predicting next year's solar growth using this year's data. We obtained very promising results with random forests (about 90% efficacy) and varying degrees of success with support vector machines and regression techniques (linear, polynomial, ridge). We also identified states with solar growth slower than expected and representing a potential for stronger growth in future.
Contested Stance Practices in Secular Yiddish Metalinguistic Communities: Negotiating Closeness and Distance

This ethnographic research examines language socialization practices and language ideologies in secular Yiddish “metalinguistic communities,” communities of positioned social actors shaped by practices that view language as an object. “Metalinguistic community” is a framework for diverse participants who can experience both distance from and closeness to the language and its speakers, due to historical, personal, and/or communal circumstances. Through an examination of classroom interactions in California, this article shows how simultaneous distancing and closeness experienced by metalinguistic community members can manifest in “contested stance practices,” public demonstrations of language ideologies that reveal both internal and external tensions. Contested stance practices reveal how members’ perceptions of language are shaped by their personal histories and those of their imagined communities; these practices become a fertile means through which individuals negotiate their relationships with language as a symbol of identity, ideology, and community.
Enslaved African conjure and ritual deposits on the Hume Plantation, South Carolina:

Twenty-one ritual deposits have been found in and around cabin sites along the slave street on the former Hume Plantation on Cat Island, South Carolina. Earliest deposits date back to the eighteent...
Histology-Specific Metastasis

For patients with metastases, limited in the number of sites and extent of organ involvement (termed oligometastases), metastasis-directed therapies, including stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) can render some patients free of disease for extended periods of time, and potentially cured. When oligometastatic patients are classified by their underlying histopathologic disease, the impact of metastasis-directed therapy on the natural history of that specific disease state can be better understood for that specific cancer type. To date, there are published outcome studies of SBRT for oligometastases from non-small-cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, renal cancer, melanoma, sarcoma, and breast cancer, which we review. The available data suggests that SBRT for oligometastases is associated with favorable outcomes, including in patients with cancers generally thought to be radioresistant. Patients treated to all known sites of disease can achieve very long disease-free intervals bordering on cure.
Improvements in Flock-Based Collaborative Clustering Algorithms

Inspiration from nature has driven many creative solutions to challenging real life problems. Many optimization methods, in particular clustering algorithms, have been inspired by such natural phenomena as neural systems and networks, natural evolution, the immune system, and lately swarms and colonies. In this paper, we make a brief survey of swarm intelligence clustering algorithms and focus on the flocks of agents-based clustering and data visualization algorithm, (FClust). A few limitations of FClust are then discussed with proposed improvements.We thus propose the FClust-annealing algorithm that decreases the number of iterations needed to converge and improves the quality of resulting clusters. We also propose a (K-means+ FClust) hybrid algorithm which decreases the complexity of FClust from quadratic to linear, with further improvements in the cluster quality. Experiments on both artificial and real data illustrate the workings of FClust and the advantages of our proposed variants.
Microscale Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography/Capillary Zone Electrophoresis-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Deep and Highly Sensitive Bottom–Up Proteomics: Identification of 7500 Proteins with Five Micrograms of an MCF7 Proteome Digest

Capillary zone electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry (CZE-MS/MS) has been well recognized for bottom–up proteomics. It has approached 4000–8000 protein identifications (IDs) from a human cell line, mouse brains, or Xenopus embryos via coupling with liquid chromatography (LC) prefractionation. However, at least 500 μg of complex proteome digests were required for the LC/CZE-MS/MS studies. This requirement of a large amount of initial peptide material impedes the application of CZE-MS/MS for deep bottom–up proteomics of mass-limited samples. In this work, we coupled microscale reversed-phase LC (μRPLC)-based peptide prefractionation to dynamic pH-junction-based CZE-MS/MS for deep bottom–up proteomics of the MCF7 breast cancer cell proteome starting with only 5 μg of peptides. The dynamic pH-junction-based CZE enabled a 500 nL sample injection from as low as a 1.5 μL peptide sample, using up to 33% of the available peptide material for an analysis. Two kinds of μRPLC prefractionation were investigated, C1...
Cell Cycle Analysis in the C. elegans Germline with the Thymidine Analog EdU

Cell cycle analysis in eukaryotes frequently utilizes chromosome morphology, expression and/or localization of gene products required for various phases of the cell cycle, or the incorporation of nucleoside analogs. During S-phase, DNA polymerases incorporate thymidine analogs such as EdU or BrdU into chromosomal DNA, marking the cells for analysis. For C. elegans, the nucleoside analog EdU is fed to the worms during regular culture and is compatible with immunofluorescent techniques. The germline of C. elegans is a powerful model system for the studies of signaling pathways, stem cells, meiosis, and cell cycle because it is transparent, genetically facile, and meiotic prophase and cellular differentiation/gametogenesis occur in a linear assembly-like fashion. These features make EdU a great tool to study dynamic aspects of mitotically cycling cells and germline development. This protocol describes how to successfully prepare EdU bacteria, feed them to wild-type C. elegans hermaphrodites, dissect the hermaphrodite gonad, stain for EdU incorporation into DNA, stain with antibodies to detect various cell cycle and developmental markers, image the gonad and analyze the results. The protocol describes the variations in the method and analysis for the measurement of S-phase index, M-phase index, G2 duration, cell cycle duration, rate of meiotic entry, and rate of meiotic prophase progression. This method can be adapted to study the cell cycle or cell history in other tissues, stages, genetic backgrounds, and physiological conditions.
Lo poético como acogida de lo imposible en Ximena Rivera

La poesia de Ximena Rivera es nostalgia por aquel lugar que solo puede ser alcanzado desde la ausencia de mismidad, una experiencia poetica que es acogida de lo imposible. Para reflexionar sobre esta intuicion, seran relevantes, entre otros filosofos y poetas, autores como Jacques Derrida y su concepto de imposibilidad dentro del contexto de la deconstruccion, Maurice Blanchot y su concepto de desastre y Emmanuel Levinas y su pensamiento sobre el Hay como lugar de la afirmacion impersonal, una palabra-imagen que nos sirve para entender la poetica de Rivera desde la ausencia de una mismidad reductora de lo infinitamente otro. Para alcanzar esta ausencia, requisito de una escritura de la acogida, quien escribe, muere, “encuentra su muerte como abismo” [1] , nos dice Blanchot. Es asi como Rivera constantemente se borra al escribir, su poetica es un transitar por esta experiencia, es poetica de la apertura y del afuera, una invencion de lo imposible. Esta imposibilidad es entendida, siguiendo la idea del filosofo Jacques Derrida, como la venida de aquello que no es previsto con anterioridad al encuentro, porque el poeta al morir en su escritura deja que toda posibilidad de proyectarse a si mismo en la representacion de lo creado se anule y solo pueda ser creado lo que no posee un horizonte de espera. Siguiendo esta misma linea de reflexion, llegaremos a la problematizacion de Dios que hace Ximena Rivera. Un ser que, al igual que el poeta, crea desde una intencionalidad irreductible, acogiendo lo infinitamente otro desde su ausencia de mismidad o de divinidad, como diria la filosofa Simone Weil. Todo este trabajo nos llevara a entender, finalmente, que la poesia de Rivera es la busqueda de una experiencia ligada a lo sagrado y a lo divino. Palabras claves: Ximena Rivera – Poesia – Acogida – Desastre – Dios - Imposible. [1] BLANCHOT, Maurice. El espacio literario . Editora Nacional. Madrid. 2002, p. 32.
Platelet function, but not thrombin generation, is impaired in acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) blood.

Abstract Study objective We investigated the coagulation changes that might occur in acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) blood over several hours during cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. Design This study was a prospective observational study. Setting This study took place at a university teaching hospital. Patients This study included 26 patients, either ASA 3 or 4 and without known coagulation disorders, undergoing cardiac surgery. Patients were included if the use of cardiopulmonary bypass was expected to reach 2.5 h. Interventions ANH blood was collected into CPDA-1 collection bags before systemic heparinization. Samples were taken directly from the bags at time of collection and reinfusion to assess changes in platelet and thrombin generation parameters. Measurements Whole blood from citrated tubes was used immediately for rotational thromboelastometry and platelet aggregometry analyses. Thrombin generation was assessed using calibrated automated thrombography with platelet poor plasma. Main results Despite no significant change in platelet count over the ANH storage period, there was significant degradation in platelet function as measured by thrombin receptor activating peptide stimulation on Mulltiplate™ analysis and maximum clot formation on ROTEM™ EXTEM. Notably, there was no change in the ability to generate thrombin. Conclusions Little data exists regarding the quality of coagulation factors in autologous blood. Our study confirms ANH collection results in decreased platelet aggregation with TRAP stimulation; however, this is not appreciated with ADP stimulation. Thrombin generation capacity remains preserved.
Distance Conjecture and De-Sitter Quantum Gravity

Abstract Motivated by the early discovery of the gigantic landscape of string theory vacua, in recent years people switched direction to try to find constraints on low energy effective field theories from UV-complete descriptions for example quantum gravity or string theory. Those constraints are called swampland criteria. Among the proposed swampland criteria the distance conjecture is the most well-motivated one from the universal behavior of string theory compactifications. It claims that for a type of scalar fields, called moduli, the effective field theory description will break down if it moves a large distance in field (moduli) space. In this work, we will show that in one proposal for a complete theory of quantum gravity including positive vacuum energy, the so called DS/dS correspondence, there is a strong signal of the validity of the distance conjecture.
Pediatric Tongue Lesions: An Often-Overlooked but Important Collection of Diagnoses

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to discuss imaging techniques and provide a pictorial review of pediatric tongue lesions. CONCLUSION. Pediatric tongue lesions represent an often-overlooked collection of abnormalities with a variety of clinical and radiologic features. The location of these lesions places the patient at risk for airway compromise. Systematic imaging evaluation of pediatric tongue lesions can help the radiologist arrive at a correct and timely diagnosis, thus improving and expediting patient care.
Word crimes: choosing rationality over a moral panic

With some distance from the first flood of responses to the Word Crimes special issue, it should be possible to combine debates over the strengths and weaknesses of the individual essays with analy...
Recognizing Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Coronavirus Disease-2019-Related Respiratory Illness.

Keywords COVID-19, coronavirus, Right ventricular failure, Heart failure, Acute cor pulmonale, Shock, ARDS
Model selection for time series with nonlinear trend

A two-step model selection procedure is proposed for autoregressive and moving-average (ARMA) model class. It is an adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (adLASSO) type model sel...
Exponential Integrators Based on Discrete Gradients for Linearly Damped/Driven Poisson Systems

Exponential integrators based on discrete gradient methods are applied to non-canonical Hamiltonian systems with added linear forcing/damping terms, which may be time-dependent. Changes in the dynamics, such as conservation of energy or Casimirs, which result from inclusion of the linear forcing/damping terms, are not exactly preserved by standard discrete gradient methods. However, those changes are shown to be exactly preserved by the exponential integrators in special circumstances. The methods are also symmetric, second order, and linearly stable. To demonstrate advantages in both accuracy and efficiency over other standard methods, the exponential integrators are applied to a three dimensional Lotka-Volterra system and a damped/driven Ablowitz-Ladik system.
The CATALST Curriculum: A Story of Change

One of the first simulation-based introductory statistics curricula to be developed was the NSF-funded Change Agents for Teaching and Learning Statistics curriculum. True to its name, this curricul...
Acute pancreatitis in patients with COVID-19 is more severe and lethal: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Emerging evidence suggests an association between acute pancreatitis and COVID-19. Our objective is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate whether COVID-19 affects the severit...
A case of Guillain-Barre syndrome following Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine.

Since the first-reported case of Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 in December 2019, COVID-19 has caused a global pandemic associated with significant morbidity and mortality. After a year of advances in vaccine research and development, three vaccines for the prevention of COVID-19 (manufactured by Pfizer, Moderna and Johnson & Johnson's Janssen Biotech) are approved for use in the USA. We report the first case of Guillain-Barre Syndrome after receiving the second dose of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine, in a 42-year-old woman presenting with progressive ascending weakness and paresthesias. Diagnostic workup demonstrated cytoalbuminologic dissociation on cerebrospinal fluid analysis with confirmatory evidence of early demyelinating electrodiagnostic features on nerve conduction study and an extensive serological workup being negative for other viral or autoimmune disease triggers. Management included administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (total of 2 gm/kg), with frequent monitoring of forced vital capacity and negative inspiratory force. A longitudinal risk profile of neurologic complications caused from COVID-19 vaccines remains limited, and prompt recognition of potential neurological complications from the COVID-19 vaccine is of interest to public health.
Employee Sensitivity to the Risk of Whistleblowing via Social Media: The Role of Social Media Strategy and Policy

Employee whistleblowing via social media channels represents a very high risk to corporate reputation and can potentially lead to litigation and financial loss, especially when the message goes viral. This research examines the effect of social media strategy and social media policy on employees’ sensitivity to the high risk of whistleblowing via social media. We study the effect across employee gender and across two social media misconducts (information leaking and online venting). Our results indicate that the impact of social media strategy and social media policy on employees’ sensitivity differs between gender and across the two cases. In the information leaking case, social media strategy, social media policy and gender jointly influence employee sensitivity to the risk of whistleblowing via social media channels. In the online venting case, gender has a main effect on that sensitivity. Our study has implications for the role of social media in management control systems and adds to the literature on whistleblowing. Our findings also have practical implications related to the use of social media strategy and policies.
Dynamics of double bottom commercial vehicles

The subject of this paper is the double bottom commercial vehicle which, in some configurations, has had severe stability problems. Through a literature review and linear analysis, it is shown that in the so–called Michigan Double configuration the pup trailer behaves in a volatile way in a lane change manoeuvre. Various design alternatives are shown to offer some improvement. The best design, from a directional response point of view, is clearly the so–called Canadian Double, which is a tractor–semitrailer–semitrailer configuration. The subject is then briefly analyzed from a point of view of rollover using quasi–static assumptions. The analysis indicates that striking gains in roll stability may be attained by roll coupling the pup trailer to the semitrailer, a characteristic inherent in the design of the Canadian Double.
Rights, Race, and Recognition

Introduction 1. Having rights 2. Rights without recognition 3. Rights and recognition 4. Race and rights 5. What's wrong with slavery? Conclusion.
WS01.4 VX-661 in combination with ivacaftor in patients with cystic fibrosis and the F508del-CFTR mutation

Background The F508del and G551D mutations affect CFTR in different ways. VX-661 increases the quantity of functional F508del-CFTR at the cell surface, and ivacaftor (IVA) increases CFTR gating; effects are additive in vitro. Methods This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-cohort, phase 2 study evaluated escalating doses of VX-661 alone and in combination with IVA (150 mg q12h) in F508del/F508del patients, or the addition of VX-661 (100 mg qd) to F508del/G551D patients on prescribed IVA. Primary outcomes were safety and change in sweat chloride through Day 28. Percent predicted FEV 1 (ppFEV 1 ) was a secondary endpoint. Results The reported cohorts included 128 patients homozygous for F508del and 18 with F508del/G551D . In patients homozygous for F508del, at Day 28, VX-661 monotherapy resulted in reductions in sweat chloride but non-significant increases in ppFEV 1 , whereas VX-661/IVA decreased sweat chloride 5.7 mmol/L ( P 1 4.8 absolute points (P = 0.01 vs placebo; n=15). In F508del/G551D patients, through Day 28, VX-661/IVA led to a mean reduction in sweat chloride of 7.0 mmol/L ( P = 0.053; n=13) and significant within-group changes in absolute ppFEV 1 (4.6 points, P = 0.012; n=14). The overall incidence of AEs in VX-661/IVA-treated patients was similar across treatment groups and was comparable to placebo; the most common events were pulmonary exacerbation, cough, headache, nausea, and increased sputum. Conclusion These data show that the VX-661/IVA combination may benefit patients with CF who are homozygous for F508del and may enhance the benefit of IVA in CF patients with F508del/G551D.
PLASMA DENSITY FLUCTUATIONS AS INDICATORS OF WAVE PROCESSES IN SOLAR WIND MHD WAVES

We have recently completed an analysis of 20 intervals of ISEE magnetic field and plasma density data from times when the spacecraft were in the ion foreshock. The purpose is to investigate the relationship between the wave magnetic field and plasma density. As shown in a previous investigation (Spangler et al. /1/) such correlations are helpful in revealing important wave processes. The intervals under present consideration ranged in duration from roughly half an hour to three hours. As found by Spangler et al. /1/ from a smaller data set, density fluctuations due to oblique wave propagation and ponderomotive effects are present. However, we have also obtained several new results. The first is a strong correlation between the fluctuating plasma density and the x component of the wave magnetic field, where the x direction is defined by the average solar wind magnetic field. In the ideal case of parallel-propagating plane MHD waves, there would be no x component of the wave magnetic field. This δn - b x correlation is found in all twenty intervals and must be considered a ubiquitous foreshock phenomenon. We have also seen evidence for two distinct populations of waves. The first (and dominant) population is the nearly parallel-propagating MHD waves in the spacecraft frequency range of 0.015 – 0.05 Hz. The second population of waves are nearly perpendicular propagating waves with frequencies consistently at 0.3 - 0.4 times the higher frequency waves. Our proposed explanation is that the second population of waves are magnetosonic waves produced by nonlinear parametric instabilities of the MHD waves.
Mechanical control of spin-orbit splitting in GaAs and In 0.04 Ga 0.96 As epilayers

Time-resolved Kerr rotation spectroscopy as a function of pump-probe distance, voltage, and magnetic field is used to measure the momentum-dependent spin splitting energies in GaAs and InGaAs epilayers. The strain of the samples can be reproducibly controlled in the cryostat using three- and four-point bending applied with a mechanical vise. We find that the magnitude of the spin splitting increases linearly with applied tension and voltage. A strain-drift-diffusion model is used to determine the value of the spin-strain coupling coefficient for a strained GaAs epilayer.
Design of a multistage decimation-interpolation filter

A 2 chip digital multi-rate FIR filter implemented in 2 micron CMOS performs 10 million multiplications and 20 million accumulations per second. The filter has 48 programmable bandwidths in a 1-2-5 sequence, and can either interpolate or decimate. This paper describes the design and implementation of the filter.
Comparison of maternal serum estriol and urinary estrogen determinations as indices of fetal health.

Abstract Twenty-four hour urinary estrogens (UE) and the estrogen/creatinine ratio (E/C) are advocated as indices of fetal well being. Maternal serum estriol (SE 3 ) determinations offer potential advantages. Serial values for each parameter were determined on samples from 20 normal pregnant women in the last trimester and their normal ranges established. Significant correlations (p 3 and UE (r = 0.56), SE 3 and E/C (r = 0.63), and UE and E/C (r = 0.88). Serial values for each parameter from 31 complicated pregnancies (e.g., diabetes, toxemia, postmaturity, anencephaly) were also determined. Seven of 8 pregnancies, where all parameters were low, ended with delivery of compromised infants. Interpretive difficulties in the clinical use of the individual indices from the high-risk group were identified. A high incidence (22 per cent) of incomplete urine collections limited the value of UE data. Consistent high or low creatinine excretion by some patients and apparent independent variations in estrogen and creatinine clearance may lead to false inferences from E/C. SE 3 levels were probably influenced by renal estrogen clearance as well as estrogen production, thereby restricting accurate interpretation of fetoplacental status in some cases. In most high-risk pregnancies, serial 24 hour UE, E/C, and total creatinine excretion provide adequate data to monitor estrogen metabolism as one parameter of fetal health.
Reactive transport modelling of reflux dolomitization in the Arab‐D reservoir, Ghawar field, Saudi Arabia

It has long been recognized that the Arab-D reservoir in Ghawar field has been significantly dolomitized and that the distribution of dolomites is highly heterogeneous across this reservoir. Previous studies indicated that dolomite occurs with either a stratigraphic or non-stratigraphic distribution; when mapped, dolomite tends to form several parallel linear trends across the field. Although stratigraphic dolomite was suggested to be formed early from highly evaporated pore fluids sourced from overlying evaporite deposits, non-stratigraphic dolomite was thought to be generated primarily from hydrothermal fluids sourced from below. This study focuses primarily on these non-stratigraphic dolomites, and proposes that: (i) these dolomites initially formed via seepage reflux, but were reinforced by late stage hydrothermal dolomitization; and (ii) reflux is also responsible for the formation of parallel, linear trends of dolomite. The reflux model hypothesizes that an evaporative lagoon (which is the source of dolomitizing fluids) formed during the falling stage systems tract of a depositional sequence, and that with continuing sea-level fall this lagoon migrated progressively towards deeper parts of an intrashelf basin adjacent to the Ghawar field, leaving behind lines of dolomite bodies along a series of temporary coastlines. Two-dimensional reactive transport models have been built to test this hypothesis, and have resulted in a predicted pattern of dolomite bodies that agrees with both the observed vertical distribution of non-stratigraphic dolomite, as well as the mapped lateral distribution of the dolomite trends. In addition, the major ion compositions of Late Jurassic seawater are calculated based on fluid inclusion data in the literature. Using Jurassic seawater in current models leads to the absence of anhydrite cements and less potential of over-dolomitization than using modern seawater.
From Art on the Wall to Something for All: How an Academic Library Turned Its Art Collection Into a Campus Attraction

An important feature of the Brooklyn College Library is its art collection, the college’s only permanent art collection. In this article, we explain how the library came to have an art collection; how we supplemented the collection with museum-style wall labels, an online catalog, and an audio tour; and how we promoted the collection and sparked student creativity with an annual art contest. We pay particular attention to the decisions and details that might help other libraries working on similar projects.
Transient sampling of aggregation‐prone conformations causes pathogenic instability of a parkinsonian mutant of DJ‐1 at physiological temperature

Various missense mutations in the cytoprotective protein DJ-1 cause rare forms of inherited parkinsonism. One mutation, M26I, diminishes DJ-1 protein levels in the cell but does not result in large changes in the three-dimensional structure or thermal stability of the protein. Therefore, the molecular defect that results in loss of M26I DJ-1 protective function is unclear. Using NMR spectroscopy near physiological temperature, we found that the picosecond–nanosecond dynamics of wild-type and M26I DJ-1 are similar. In contrast, elevated amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange rates indicate that M26I DJ-1 is more flexible than the wild-type protein on longer timescales and that hydrophobic regions of M26I DJ-1 are transiently exposed to solvent. Tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy and thiol crosslinking analyzed by mass spectrometry also demonstrate that M26I DJ-1 samples conformations that differ from the wild-type protein at 37°C. These transiently sampled conformations are unstable and cause M26I DJ-1 to aggregate in vitro at physiological temperature but not at lower temperatures. M26I DJ-1 aggregation is correlated with pathogenicity, as the structurally similar but non-pathogenic M26L mutation does not aggregate at 37°C. The onset of dynamically driven M26I DJ-1 instability at physiological temperature resolves conflicting literature reports about the behavior of this disease-associated mutant and illustrates the pitfalls of characterizing proteins exclusively at room temperature or below, as key aspects of their behavior may not be apparent.
Study of Pesticide Occurrence in Two Closely Spaced Lakes in Northeastern Nebraska

Dissolved pesticide concentrations in 168 water samples collected from two closely-spaced lakes between early May 1990 and mid-June 1991 indicated large differences in impacts from watershed nonpoint source inputs. Pesticide levels in Maskenthine Lake, a small impoundment of 34-ha, increased in response to spring and early summer runoff events
Preparing staff nurses to teach parents about newborn behavior.

The purpose of this project was to teach postpartum nurses about the many facets of newborn behavior and to help these nurses teach parents to recognize and respond to their newborn's cues, states, and behaviors. The Keys to Care giving: Self-Instructional Video Series was used to accomplish this goal. Eighteen maternal-child nurses from a large metropolitan health sciences center completed the program. The average pre-test score was 80%; the average post-test score was 94%. Based on the pre-and post-test scores, the results demonstrate an improvement in nurses' knowledge about newborn behavior after completing the Keys to Care giving program. The responses from staff nurses who completed the program were overwhelmingly positive.
A modified pulsed gradient technique for measuring diffusion in the presence of large background gradients

An NMR technique for measuring the diffusion constant D in the presence of a large nonuniform background magnetic field gradient G0 is presented. The technique uses a Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill of pulse train that attenuates the effects of diffusion due to the background gradient, interspersed with an alternating pulsed field gradient sequence (APFG) that attenuates the observed echo in the presence of the known applied gradient. Calculations for the observed echo amplitude are presented that show the APFG technique eliminates contributions from the cross term between the background and applied gradients. Results of tests of the technique are presented for the measurement of D in H2O in the presence of G0 ∼ 160 G/cm. Also described are the results of preliminary measurements of D in LaNi5H6; D = (6.2 ± 0.5) × 10−8 cm2/see at 331.2 K and G0 ∼ 2.9 kG/cm.
Susy versus MAC

We use the symmetries of a theory to gain control over the anomalous terms in the supersymmetry transformations of composite operators. From this, we determine features of the dynamics of supersymmetric theories. We find a large class of supersymmetric models that violate the most attractive channel conjecture. We also find models where R-symmetry is almost certainly unbroken. As the arguments are based only on symmetry properties, the results are non-perturbative and, in fact, rigorous, up to plausible assumptions.
The clinical aspects of newborn screening: importance of newborn screening follow-up

The aim of newborn screening is to identify presymptomatic healthy infants that will develop significant metabolic or endocrine derangements if left undiagnosed and untreated. The goal of ultimately reducing or eliminating irreversible sequelae is reached by maximizing test sensitivity of the primary newborn screening that measures specific analytes by a number of methodologies. Differentiation of true from false negatives is accomplished by the test specificity. This review discusses disorders for which, in general, there are available therapies and that are detected by routine and expanded newborn screening. Recommendations are presented for evaluation by a primary care physician, with confirmation by a metabolic or endocrinology specialist. Disorders are organized in tabular format by class of pathway or analyte, with attention to typical clinical presentations, confirmatory biochemical and molecular tests, and therapies. There are numerous challenges in clinical follow-up, including diagnosis and appropriate understanding of the consequences of the disorders. The data required to meet these challenges can be acquired only by large scale longitudinal comprehensive studies of outcome in children identified by newborn screening. Only with such data can newborn screening fully serve families.
Tumor invasion and host extracellular matrix.

In this review some of the major mechanistic pathways by which tumor cells are thought to invade host tissues are discussed. Tumor invasion has been conceived to be the result of pathological, close-range interactions between malignant cells and host stroma. The sequence of events that characterize invasion can be summarized as follows: (a) Tumor cell clusters break from the confinement of the primary tumor. Loss of intercellular junctions (desmosomes), alterations in the chemical composition and physical properties of the cell surface coat (loss of fibronectin and heparan sulfate; excessive amounts of hyaluronate), and loosening of cell-substrate interactions (loss of hemidesmosomes, fibronectin, and heparan sulfate), are among the most frequently listed causes of tumor cell shedding. (b) Increased proteolytic activities at the invasion front cause focal alterations in the surrounding extracellular matrix, thereby changing its physical properties. Collagenases and cathepsins, as well as elastase and other neutral proteinases are the enzymes most frequently associated with matrix destruction and invasion. In some tissues this process is effectively regulated by inhibitors of matrix-degrading, proteolytic enzymes. (c) Tumor cells migrate into the altered matrix, possibly moving as aggregates along guidance tracks provided by host structures (blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves) or matrix macromolecules (collagen and fibronectin tracks). Migration seems to be preceded by increased swelling of glycosaminoglycan (i.e., hyaluronate) in the matrix, ahead of the migrating cell population. Various host cell types (mast cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages, etc.) may participate in these events.
Single-incision anterior approach for total hip arthroplasty on an orthopaedic table.

Dislocation remains the leading early complication of total hip arthroplasty; surgical approach and implant positioning have been recognized as factors influencing total hip arthroplasty stability. We describe a total hip arthroplasty technique done through a single, tissue sparing anterior approach
A Feedback Mechanism Controlling SCRAMBLED Receptor Accumulation and Cell-Type Pattern in Arabidopsis

Cellular pattern formation in the root epidermis of Arabidopsis occurs in a position-dependent manner, generating root-hair (H) cells contacting two underlying cortical cells and nonhair (N) cells contacting one cortical cell. SCRAMBLED (SCM), a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK), mediates this process through its effect on a downstream transcription factor regulatory network. After perception of a positional cue, the SCM signaling pathway is proposed to preferentially repress WEREWOLF (WER) transcription factor expression in H cells and thereby bias the outcome of mutual lateral inhibition acting between H and N cells. However, the molecular mechanism responsible for this preferential SCM signaling is unknown. Here, we analyze the distribution of the SCM receptor and the biological effect of altering its accumulation pattern. We find that SCM expression and accumulation in the epidermal cell layer is necessary and sufficient to direct the cell-type pattern. Further, SCM preferentially accumulates in H cells, and this accumulation pattern is dependent on the downstream transcription factors. Thus, SCM participates in an autoregulatory feedback loop, enabling cells engaged in SCM signaling to maintain high levels of SCM receptor, which provides a simple mechanism for reinforcing a bias in receptor-mediated signaling to ensure robust pattern formation.
Species, Genes, and the Tree of Life

A common view is that species occupy a unique position on the Tree of Life. Evaluating this claim requires an understanding of what the Tree of Life represents. The Tree represents history, but there are at least three biological levels that are often said to have genealogies: species, organisms, and genes. Here I focus on defending the plausibility of a gene-based account of the Tree. This leads to an account of species that are determined by gene genealogies. On this view, an exclusive group is a group of organisms that forms a clade for a higher proportion of the genome than any conflicting clade. Taxa occupy a unique position in what can be called the ‘primary concordance tree’. But each gene has its own historical ‘Tree of Life’. I conclude by arguing that both organismal pedigrees with their corresponding Tree as well as gene genealogies and their trees are objectively real and play important, but different, roles in biological practice.
On the application of syntactic methodologies in automatic text analysis

This study summarizes various linguistic approaches proposed for document analysis in information retrieval environments. Included are standard syntactic methods to generate complex content identifiers, and the use of semantic know-how obtained from machine-readable dictionaries and from specially constructed knowledge bases. A particular syntactic analysis methodology is also outlined and its usefulness for the automatic construction of book indexes is examined.
Chemical Examination of a Toxic Extract of Indigofera Endecaphylla: The Endecaphyllins

Chromatography on silica gel of a toxic acetone extract of leaves and stems of Indigofera endecaphylla Jacq. has provided, in addition to 3-nitropropanoic acid, ethyl 3-nitropropanoate, succinic acid, and methyl β- D -glucopyranoside, a series of nine 3-nitropropanoate esters of glucose. Six of these, endecaphyllins A, A 1 , A 2 , B, B 1 , and C are isomeric triesters while three, C 1 , D, and E, are diesters. A fourth nitro-containing glucose diester, endecaphyllin I, was also obtained by chromatography and is suggested to contain as an esterifying acid a nitro-acid other than 3-nitropropanoic. The eleventh member of this group, endecaphyllin X, was isolated directly from the crude extract and found to be a glucose tetra-(3-nitropropanoate) ester. Some chemical and physical properties of these compounds are described.