cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phase Diagram, Conductivity, and Glass Transition of LiTFSI–H2O Binary Electrolytes

The aqueous electrolyte system of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, LiTFSI–H2O, was systematically and accurately measured for a complete liquid–solid phase diagram and an extensive set of data on electrolytic conductivity and glass-transition temperature. The conductivity data set was fitted with a VFT-based function (VFT: Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann), of which the three parameters were set to Laurent polynomial functions of composition. The fitting results were correlated with other quantities, and comparisons were made between the results of this study and those of other aqueous and carbonate electrolyte systems. The results of these measurements, correlations, and comparisons strongly suggest a decoupling of cationic conduction from the movement of the bulk solution, in sharp contrast to what has been observed in any nonaqueous electrolytes so far.
Stokes flow in a slowly varying two-dimensional periodic pore

This article presents a series solution to the velocity in a two-dimensional long sinusoidal channel. The approach is based on a stream function formulation of the Stokes problem and a series expansion in terms of the width to the length ratio, which is considered small. Results show how immobile zones may appear and even flow separation and nonturbulent eddies, even in the absence of prima facie dead-end pores. It is shown that the flow tends to concentrate in strips connecting pore throats.
Searching Protein Sequence Databases — Is Optimal Best?

The explosion of DNA and protein sequence data over the past 10 years and the advent of the Human Genome Project has produced tremendous interest in the best methods for identifying distantly related genes. Methods for calculating mathematically rigorous alignments of biological sequences have been known for more than twenty years. Because they are optimal in a mathematical sense, the rigorous methods are often considered best for biological problems. Until recently however, these methods have been too slow for comprehensive protein sequence library searches and they remain impractical for exhaustive DNA library searches. The molecular biological community has increasingly relied on more rapid, heuristic approaches like the FASTA and BLAST algorithms. One is concerned, however, that these rapid approximate techniques may miss biologically significant relationships.
Tissue Distribution of Bile Acids: Methodology and Quantification

The observation of Chaikoff’s group (1,2) has been cited as evidence that liver is the only site for cholesterol catabolism to bile acids (3,4). Incubation of various tissue slices of rat liver, kidney, testes, spleen, lung and brain, and beef adrenal, however, resulted in conversion of [26-14C]cholesterol to 14CO2, but [4-14C]cholesterol was not oxidized (3). Since liver was found to be much more active than the other tissues, it was concluded that liver was the major site of bile acid synthesis. Harold et al. (2) concluded the same from a rat liver perfusion study. Liver has been verified as a major site of bile acid synthesis (5,6) but no direct study has ever been reported to verify the incapability of extrahepatic tissues to transform cholesterol to bile acids.
Enrollment of high-risk patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in clinical trials.

6536Background: Contemporary precision medicine trials in DLBCL often require real-time central pathology review for enrollment. Central review may lead to treatment delays and prevent high risk pa...
The Human Capital Stock: A Generalized Approach: Reply

Human capital differences across countries can appear large or small depending on measurement methods. This Reply clarifies key assumptions and conceptual distinctions across accounting approaches. Accounting-based arguments for small human capital differences are difficult to sustain. By contrast, large human capital differences are theoretically and empirically coherent. Non-accounting arguments against large human capital variation are examined and their weaknesses pinpointed. This Reply also suggests a fruitful way forward for this literature, providing a natural conception of human capital that integrates literatures on ideas and institutions with the accounting of Jones (2014).
Emotion and Transformation in the Relational Spirituality Paradigm Part 2. Implicit Morality and “Minimal Prosociality”:

The relevance of metapsychology for theory and research on personality change and spiritual transformation cannot be overstated. The objective of this three-article series is to work toward a new a...
A Community-Based Survey to Assess Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Practices Regarding Herpes Zoster in an Urban Setting

In the USA, nearly one in three people will experience herpes zoster (HZ) in their lifetime. Underserved communities may be at even higher risk due to several factors, including access to healthcare, education, and co-morbid conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate current knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices (KABP) relative to HZ and HZ vaccines in a large urban city. A cross-sectional KABP survey was conducted via in-person interview among 381 participants aged ≥ 50 years in Detroit, MI, USA, from June to August 2018. Survey results were stratified into two groups [< 60 and ≥ 60 years of age (YO)] for comparison. Of the 381 participants, 373 reported their age (110 < 60 YO and 263 ≥ 60 YO). Overall, the majority of participants reported having heard of HZ and HZ vaccines. In addition, receiving a recommendation from a healthcare provider (37.5%) followed by gaining a better understanding of HZ vaccine (36.7%) and of HZ (29.9%) were leading factors that influenced participants’ willingness to receive the vaccine. Of note, 65.5% of participants < 60 YO reported the belief that HZ is preventable versus only 53.2% in those ≥ 60 YO (p = 0.001). Our findings underscore the need to educate patients in underserved communities about HZ as well as new HZ vaccine recommendations to improve vaccination rates and reduce the incidence of HZ and its associated sequelae.
Does the ultrasound appearance of the endometrium during treatment with assisted reproductive technologies influence pregnancy outcomes

We evaluated endometrial pattern, defined as the relative echogenicity of the endometrium on a longitudinal uterine ultrasonic section, as a surrogate for endometrial receptivity in an attempt to e...
Landmark analysis of immunotherapy duration and disease free survival in advanced melanoma patients with a complete response.

10054Background: Checkpoint blockade improves survival in patients with melanoma, with durable complete responses (CR) after stopping therapy. Based on data from KEYNOTE-001, immunotherapy is often...
Calibration of Load and Resistance Factors of API RP 2A-LRFD, Second Edition, for Fixed Offshore Platforms

AbstractFixed offshore platforms in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) are traditionally designed following the working stress design (WSD) format, that is, the factor of safety approach. In 1993, the first ...
How to Teach Algorithms to Legal Research Students

This Article calls for legal research professors to include in their curriculum the role of algorithms in electronic legal research. It also includes recommendations for readings, lecture content, and assignments when teaching about algorithms.
Correlation in Credit Risk

We examine the correlation in credit risk using the credit default swap (CDS) data. We find that a linear combination of the observable risk factors at the firm, industry, and market levels and the macroeconomic variables leaves about one-third of the correlation in CDS spread changes unaccounted for. However, inclusion of higher order and interactive terms of these factors can completely eliminate the residual correlation in credit risk. This finding suggests that the doubly stochastic assumption may be proper in general. Further, consistent with some theoretical predictions, we find that the correlation is counter-cyclical and is also higher among low credit rating firms than among high credit rating firms. This finding does not render support to the recommendations in Basel II.
Solar Set Asides and Renewable Energy Certificates: Early Lessons from North Carolina's Experience with its Renewable Portfolio Standard

This paper assesses the market developments in North Carolina’s solar energy industry following the state’s adoption of a renewable portfolio standard (RPS). It first reviews how solar renewable electricity certificates (SRECs) are intended to act as a support mechanism for the installation and financing of solar power in North Carolina’s RPS compliance market. The paper then analyzes why SRECs have not precipitated growth in the solar industry thus far. Instead of attracting a diversity of solar installation and SREC trading businesses to create a competitive market to North Carolina, the RPS has only enabled a few large solar power producers to compete with utility companies to finance, install, and operate solar generating systems. A comparison between the SREC markets in North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey reveals that transparency in prices and volumes of SRECs, limits on utility company self-ownership of solar generators, and more aggressive solar set-aside targets are required to create a competitive market environment that will attract a sustainable and growing solar industry.
Processing of aspectual meanings by non-native and native English speakers during narrative comprehension

Languages have unique systems of language forms, meanings, and conventions for expressing narratives and temporal structure, grammatical aspect and its meaning and use being part of it. In second-language acquisition, little is known what temporal concepts and concurrent forms are comprehended at certain development stages and whether resulting mental representations are similar between native and non-native adult English speakers. In this study, we investigate whether readers attend to semantic content and draw causal inferences. Advanced non-native, unlike native, readers appear to not notice aspectual meanings and, apparently, the input is not cognitively registered; implicit learning of aspect seems unlikely. In native readers, aspect affects the availability of situations enabling causal inferencing, and imperfective aspect appears to be mentally stored in-focus.
Assessing the utility of screening electrocardiograms in paediatric patients following COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the utility of screening electrocardiograms after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among children in detecting myocarditis related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective chart review was performed at a large paediatric academic institution to identify patients with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection who received a screening electrocardiogram by their primary care providers and were subsequently referred for outpatient cardiology consultation due to an abnormal electrocardiogram. The outcomes were the results from their cardiology evaluations, including testing and final diagnoses. RESULTS: Among 46 patients, during their preceding COVID-19 illness, the majority had mild symptoms, 4 were asymptomatic, and 1 had moderate symptoms. The median length of time from positive SARS-CoV-2 test to screening electrocardiogram was 22 days, and many electrocardiogram findings that prompted cardiology consultation were normal variants in asymptomatic adolescent athletes. Patients underwent frequent additional testing at their cardiology appointments: repeat electrocardiogram (72%), echocardiogram (59%), Holter monitor (11%), exercise stress test (7%), and cardiac MRI (2%). Five patients were incidentally diagnosed with CHD or structural cardiac abnormalities, and three patients had conduction abnormalities (pre-mature atrial contractions, pre-mature ventricular contractions, borderline prolonged QTc), although potentially incidental to COVID-19. No patients were diagnosed with myocarditis or ventricular dysfunction. CONCLUSION: In a small cohort of children with prior COVID-19, who were primarily either asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, subsequent screening electrocardiograms identified various potential abnormalities prompting cardiology consultation, but no patient was diagnosed with myocarditis. Larger multi-centre studies are necessary to confirm these results and to evaluate those with more severe disease.
Additional Considerations for Hypertension Awareness and Control in Rural India: A Letter to the Editor

The recent article by Ravagan et al. entitled “Additive association of knowledge and awareness on control of hypertension: a cross-sectional survey in rural India” explores the interaction between health knowledge/awareness and responding health behaviors.1 The findings of this study are invaluable in strengthening the rationale for implementing public health measures in rural and low-literacy areas. Some considerations are detailed below.
Value and pitfalls of assessing bone marrow morphologic findings to predict response in patients with myelofibrosis who undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Abstract Background Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a curative option for patients with myelofibrosis (MF). Bone marrow (BM) morphologic evaluation of myelofibrosis following allo-HSCT is known to be challenging in this context because resolution of morphologic changes is a gradual process. Patients and methods We compared BM samples of patients with myelofibrosis who underwent first allo-HSCT and achieved molecular remission by day 100 with BM samples of patients who continued to have persistent molecular evidence of disease following allo-HSCT. Results The study group included 29 patients: 17 primary MF, 7 post-polycythemia vera (PV) MF, and 5 post-essential thrombocythemia (ET) MF. In this cohort there were18 JAK2 p.V617F, 8 CALR; 1 MPL, and 2 patients had concurrent JAK2 p.V617F and MPL mutations. The control group included 5 patients with primary MF, one with post-PV MF, one with post-ET MF (5 JAK2 p.V617F; 2 CALR). Following allo-HSCT, both groups showed reduction in BM cellularity and number of megakaryocytes. The study cohort also less commonly had dense megakaryocyte clusters and endosteal located megakaryocytes and showed less fibrosis. There was no statistical difference in BM cellularity, presence of erythroid islands, degree of osteosclerosis, or megakaryocyte number, size, nuclear lobation, presence of clusters or intrasinusoidal location. Conclusions Following allo-HSCT at 100 days, morphologic evaluation of BM in patients with MF cannot reliably predict persistence versus clearance of molecular evidence of MF. Decreased BM MF, dense megakaryocyte clusters, and endosteal localization of megakaryocytes are suggestive of disease response.
Sturdy MASH /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ modulator

A new Δ-Σ modulator is proposed. Its operation is similar to that of a multi-stage noise-shaping structure but requires no digital noise cancellation filters. Thus, the need for matching required between analogue and digital filters is eliminated. Simulation results and mathematical analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of this structure.
The Role of Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) and FNA Biopsy in Evaluating Hematolymphoid Disorders and Malignancies in Lymph Nodes and Extranodal Tissues

Fine needle aspirations (FNAs) and FNA biopsies (FNABs) may be utilized in evaluating tissue involvement by a hematolymphoid malignancy. When combined with flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI), the combined approach is useful in the following situations: distinguishing reactive lymph nodes from malignant lymphoma, establishing an initial diagnosis of malignant lymphoma, subclassification of malignant lymphoma in certain subtypes, detecting recurrent lymphoma, detecting the presence of a composite lymphoma [a non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in the background of a classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) or two simultaneous hematolymphoid malignancies (i.e., a NHL and an acute myelogenous leukemia)], detecting a hematopoietic malignancy, and determining the presence of a nonhematolymphoid malignancy. Fluorescent in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction techniques may also be applied to these specimens.
Distraction-Conflict Theory: Progress and Problems

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the progress and problems of distraction–conflict theory. Distraction–conflict theory suggests that attentional conflict might be the key mediator of drive in research settings. This chapter reviews the research and argues that—despite a good deal of corroborating data for some of the major contentions of distraction–conflict theory—attentional mechanisms may offer a more parsimonious account of social facilitation phenomena than does a drive perspective. Distraction–conflict theory can account post hoc for the findings that indicate that evaluative or competitive pressure heightens social facilitation or impairment; mere presence occasionally produces social facilitation in the absence of evaluative or competitive pressure; social loafing can occur on simple well-learned tasks; and hidden audiences produce social facilitation. The attentional emphasis suggests that distraction may have a variety of effects on cognition, attitude change, and social behavior.
Routes to transplant tolerance versus rejection; the role of cytokines.

The alloimmune response can be divided into specific junctures where critical decisions between tolerance and immunity are made which define the outcome of the transplant. At these “decision nodes” various cytokines direct alloresponsive T cells to develop either a proinflammatory response aimed at graft destruction or an immunoregulatory response facilitating graft acceptance. This review will focus on the role of these cytokines in influencing the progression of an alloimmune response leading ultimately to either allograft survival or rejection.
Cloning and analysis of the mating type genes from Cochliobolus heterostrophus

Cochliobolus heterostrophus, a heterothallic Ascomycete, has a single mating type locus with two alternate forms called MAT-1 and MAT-2. MAT-1 was cloned by complementing a MAT-2 strain using a cosmid library from a MAT-1 strain and screening for a homothallic transformant. The cosmid recovered from this transformant was able to re-transform a MAT-2 strain to homothallism and MAT identity was proven by restriction fragment length polymorphism and conventional genetic mapping. All homothallic transformants could mate with either MAT-1 or MAT-2 strains, although the number of ascospores produced by self matings or crosses to MAT-2 strains was low. Progeny of selfed homothallic transformants were themselves homothallic. MAT-2 was cloned by probing a cosmid library from a MAT-2 strain with a fragment of insert DNA from the MAT-1 cosmid. A 1.5 kb subclone of either MAT-containing cosmid was sufficient to confer mating function in transformants. Examination of the DNA sequence of these subclones revealed that MAT-1 and MAT-2 contain 1297 by and 1171 bp, respectively, of completely dissimilar DNA flanked by DNA common to both mating types. Putative introns were found (one in each MAT gene) which, when spliced out, would yield open reading frames (ORFs) that occupied approximately 90% of the dissimilar DNA sequences. Translation of the MAT-1 ORF revealed similarity to the Neurospora crassa MATA, Podospora anserina mat−, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae MATα1 proteins; translation of the MAT-2 ORF revealed similarity to the N. crassa MATa, P. anserina mat+, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe mat-Mc proteins. These gene products are all proven or proposed DNA binding proteins. Those with similarity to MAT-2 are members of the high mobility group.
Nurses' attitudes, abilities and educational preference related to using family pedigrees in clinical practice

There is growing worldwide interest in using family pedigrees to assess health risks for diseases and implementing potential preventive interventions for health promotion. Nurses have been identified as key professionals in the process of collecting family history information and constructing pedigrees, and there is a gap in the literature related to these activities. The purpose of this study was to determine nurses' knowledge about, attitudes towards, perceived ability to use, and educational preference related to inclusion of family pedigrees in clinical practice. The study utilized a survey method with 174 nurses and correlational descriptive design. Results showed 74% of the nurses were interested in learning about family pedigrees and 64% responded positively to including them in clinical practice with the belief by 88% that they are helpful for preventive health care. Findings may be used to advance education and utilization of family pedigrees for nurses in clinical practice.
Infinite computation, co-induction and computational logic

We give an overview of the coinductive logic programming paradigm. We discuss its applications to modeling ω-automata, model checking, verification, non-monotonic reasoning, developing SAT solvers, etc. We also discuss future research directions.
Cytoplasmic inclusions in cells of lymphosarcoma 6C3 HED: II. Electron microscopic observations

Abstract Basophilic nucleoprotein-containing inclusions in the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells of lymphosarcoma 6C3 HED are examined in the electron microscope. Three relatively distinct, but probably interrelated, cytoplasmic bodies are described: whole cells with pyknotic nuclei; large electron dense masses encapsulated and penetrated by membranes; and small structures with abundant membranes and vacuoles sometimes containing electron dense material. It is postulated that these groups represent various stages of intracellular digestion following phagocytosis of tumor cells.
Molecular and genetic basis of childhood cancer

Pediatric malignancies are a spectrum of biologically diverse cancers different from those seen in adults. Malignant solid tumors diagnosed in children are often, and at least partly the result of developmental pathways dysregulation, and may recapitulate stages of organogenesis. Significant insight into their pathogenesis came from studying normal embryonal and fetal organ development, as well as mechanisms responsible for developmental disorders and congenital syndromes associated with these tumors. Systematic integration of pathology, genetic and molecular analyses of pediatric solid tumors is allowing the recognition of distinct clinical tumor subtypes, as well as potential therapeutic targets for some of these neoplasms. From the diagnostic point of view, some pediatric solid tumors represent examples of clinical translation, as genetic and molecular markers are being incorporated into clinical algorithms, and used for tumor classification, risk stratification, theragnostics or disease monitoring. The on-going comprehensive analysis of some pediatric tumor types using genomic, expression and epigenetic profiling tech- nologies, and the development of experimental tumor model systems, are fastly improving our understanding of their biology. However, further and comprehensive characterization of other pediatric solid tumors, particularly aggressive or chemoresistant cancer types, is still necessary, and should result in the development of new integrated clinical testing, improved therapeutic strategies and better outcomes for these patients.
A comparison of eating disorder psychopathology, appearance satisfaction, and self-esteem in overweight and obese women with and without binge eating.

article i nfo This study investigated the differences in eating disorder psychopathology, appearance satisfaction, and self- esteem between194 overweight/obesecollegewomen with and without binge eating. Participants were catego- rized as binge eating (BE; n = 56) or non-binge eating (NBE; n = 138) based on reports of binge eating at least onceperweek onaverageforthepast28daysandnoepisodesof vomitingorlaxativeuseinthepast28days.The BE group had significantly greater levels of eating, weight, and shape concerns and lower levels of appearance satisfaction and self-esteem than the NBE group. For the BE group, binge eating frequency was negatively corre- lated with dietary restraint. Results are generally consistent with studies utilizing clinical and community samples. The findings extend such research by examining binge eating in a sample of overweight and obese col- lege women and indicating that overall appearance satisfaction is lower among women with binge eating. Study findings also highlight potential issuestoaddress inobesityand binge eating intervention efforts for college pop- ulations. Future research is needed to replicate these findings in additional samples of college women and men. © 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Potentiation of barbiturate hypnosis by probenecid: differential effect in tolerant animals.

Abstract Earlier observations that the chronic intracerebroventricular injection of phenobarbital caused a gradual attenuation in the duration of loss of righting reflex (tolerance) and that the development of tolerance was independent of barbiturate efflux from the brain have been extended by examining the effect of probenecid on this phenomenon. Probenecid (200 mg/kg, i.p.) delayed the efflux of phenobarbital from the brain; the half-life of the barbiturate after intracerebroventricular injection increased from 7.3 to 17.6min. In both tolerant and naive animals, probenecid prolonged the duration of phenobarbital hypnosis from 14.4 to 26.4 min in naive rats and from 2.1 to 25.5 min in tolerant rats. Thus, evidence of tolerance was abolished by probenecid pretreatment. The possibility that the sedative effects of probenecid were responsible for the potentiation of barbiturate hypnosis was examined by measurement of spontaneous locomotor activity. Both tolerant and nontolerant rats were equally sedated by probenecid. Since tolerant animals recovered earlier, additive depressant effects of the two drugs cannot adequately account for the unequal potentiation of hypnosis. Probenecid pretreatment also prolonged hypnosis produced by intracerebroventricular injection of barbital or intraperitoneal hexobarbital. The possibility that probenecid decreased the metabolism of hexobarbital was examined by measurement of hexobarbital oxidation and p -nitroanisole O -demethylase in liver microsomal preparations. This possibility was eliminated since neither enzyme activity was altered by probenecid concentrations below 1.0 mM.
Gastrografin as a Gastrointestinal Contrast Medium in the Cat

Gastrografin (diatrizoate meglumine and diatrizoate sodium solution) was used to evaluate its performance as a gastrointestinal-tract contrast medium in ten cats. It was administered through an orogastric tube to ketamine hydrochloridesedated, nonatropinized, mature cats at a dose rate of 22 mg/kg. Gastric emptying and largeintestinal filling were observed within 30–60 minutes in seven cats and in 120 minutes in the remaining three cats. The mucosal detail of the small intestine was poor, being represented by a homogeneous “halo” of decreased radiodensity surrounding the more radiodense intestinal luminal contents. The contrast medium refluxed into the esophagus in six cats. Some contrast medium precipitated in the stomach and small intestines in all ten cats. Urinary-tract opacification occurred in all cats and was first seen 60 minutes after Gastrografin was administered. Gastrografin satisfactorily opacifies the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract of cats. It has physical and physiologic characteristics that preclude its use for routine gastrointestinal contrast studies. These characteristics are reviewed in this article.
On the Role of Topoisomerase I in Mediating the Cytotoxicity of 9-Aminoacridine-Based Anticancer Agents

Abstract The cytotoxicity and mechanism of action of a series of substituted 9-aminoacridines is evaluated using topoisomerase I and cancer cell growth inhibition assays. In previous work, compounds of this type were shown to catalytically inhibit topoisomerase II, leading to a G1-S phase arrest of the cell cycle and apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The present study expands the potential utility of these compounds in the development of cancer therapeutics by showing that these compounds inhibit proliferation of cell lines derived from the nine most common human cancers. Further results show that at least one of the compounds effectively stabilizes topoisomerase I–DNA adduct formation in intact cells. RNA interference experiments, however, indicate that this interaction does not contribute to the drug-induced killing of cancer cells indicating the compounds may be non-lethal poisons of topoisomerase I.
Formation of leukotrienes and other hydroxy acids during platelet-neutrophil interactions in vitro

Abstract Interactions of human platelets with neutrophils were studied in suspensions of [ 3 H]arachidonate-labeled platelets and unlabeled neutrophils stimulated with ionophore A23187. Several radioactive arachidonate metabolites, not produced by platelets alone, were detected, including [ 3 H]-labeled leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4 ), dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (DHETE) and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE). When [ 3 H]12-HETE, a platelet product, was added to stimulated neutrophils, DHETE was formed. Similarly, when [ 3 H]5-HETE, a neutrophil product, was added to stimulated platelets, DHETE was the major product. These results suggest that upon stimulation: 1) platelet-derived arachidonate may serve as precursor for the neutrophil-derived eicosanoids LTB 4 and 5-HETE, and 2) that platelet-derived 12-HETE can be converted to DHETE by human neutrophils. The present investigation documents cell-cell interactions via the lipoxygenase pathway, which may be important in hemostasis, thrombosis and inflammation.
GPS radio occupations coming of age: Spacecraft launches add two new instruments for climate monitoring

This paper talks about how 2 spacecraft launches add two new instrumetns for climate monitoring and GPS radio occultations.
The effect of radiofrequency heating in carbon-13 NMR studies of liquid crystals

In a recent paper, Lewis Tomchuck, and Bock reported that they observed «no sample heating takes place during the recording of proton-decoupled 13 C spectra of thermotropic liquid crystals.» This is in direct contrast to our experience in 13 C NMR studies of liquid crystals and liquid crystal solutions in the past few years. In view of these opposite conclusions, we have performed some experiments to clarify the discrepancy, and the results are reported here
Abstract 351: 2-Methoxyestradiol targets RON kinase and FLIP to inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Prostate Cancer (PCA) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men in the United States. Despite significant progress in our understanding of prostate biology, early detection and treatment, the five-year survival for hormone refractory metastatic prostate cancer (HRPCA) patients is less than 30%. Current therapies targeting PCA are not effective against the metastatic stage. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2) is a metabolic product of 17-β-estradiol and is found in trace amounts in the body; it has shown anti-tumorigenic properties in multiple cancer models. Previous studies from our lab have shown that 2-ME2 can induce apoptosis in PCA cells by blocking cell cycle progression, and also inhibits PCA growth and progression in TRAMP mice. However, the precise mechanism of action of 2-ME2 has not yet been elucidated. In order to classify the mechanism behind PCA inhibition by 2-ME2, we tested its effectiveness on an array containing genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We identified Recepteur d'Origine Nantais (RON) as one of the most significantly downregulated genes in response to 2-ME2 treatment. RON has been shown to promote cell invasiveness, migration, survivability, and proliferation in many cancers such as breast, colon, lung, and pancreatic. However, very little is known about RON's signaling mechanism in PCA. We've found RON to be highly increased in advanced stage PCA cell lines. RON knockdown shows a concomitant decrease in the expression of FLICE-like inhibitory protein (FLIP). FLIP is an anti-apoptotic protein which prevents death receptor-induced apoptotic signaling. FLIP has been found to promote EMT as well as androgen-independent PCA growth. Stimulation with the RON ligand HGF yielded elevated expression of RON and FLIP in PCA cell lines while treatment with 2-ME2 caused downregulation. Immunoprecipitation experiments showed RON to be associated with the androgen-induced proliferation inhibitor (APRIN) in PCA cells. Our data suggest that RON/FLIP crosstalk plays a role in prostate cancer. Therefore, targeting RON/FLIP signaling could have potential therapeutic benefit for metastatic PCA. Supported by NIH CA 135451 (APK). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 351. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-351
Catalyst preparation by impregnation and activity distributions—II Coimpregnation for nonuniform distribution based on competitive adsorption

Abstract Nonuniform catalyst distributions that can be obtained with the use of a coingredient that competes with main impregnant for adsorption sites are considered. Analytical expressions obtained for the catalyst distributions are used to obtain a condition under which a sharp shell distribution will always occur. The coingredient and impregnant concentrations can be adjusted to meet the condition. The analytical expressions are also used to obtain a relationship for an estimate of the location of the shell. The pellet geometry is shown to have a significant effect on the location and sharpness of a shell distribution. A slab-like pellet should be preferred for a core shell whereas a spherical pellet should be for an inner shell.
The Psychology of Powerlessness: Disorders of Self-Regulation and Interactional Regulation as a Newer Paradigm for Psychopathology

WHEN WE ATTEMPT TO UNDERSTAND psychopathology, we are confronted by two separate traditions or approaches, that of psychoanalysis and that of empirical psychiatry. The basic assumptions of the former derive from the considerations of the vicissitudes of drives, manifested in a dynamic matrix of psychical conflict between those drives and nurturing objects that become enmeshed with them. The traditional psychoanalytic conception of psychopathology seems based, consequently, on a theory of power. Empirical psychiatry, on the other hand, offers pathological conceptions which implicate defects or deficiencies in psychical functioning, some of which may be inherited, others of which may develop in infancy and childhood. More recent contributions to psychoanalysis have complicated the seeming simplicity of this duality by suggesting a developmental deficit concept of psychic structure harkening back to Freud's (1911) concept of decathexis. My contribution represents an attempt to formulate a psychoanalytic metapsychological umbrella that can integrate, not only the conflict (of power) and deficit (powerlessness) theories of psychoanalysis, but also integrate the two of them with the deficit theories which the findings of neurobiology are pressing upon psychoanalysis for integration.
Articular and internal remodeling in the human otic capsule.

A comprehensive histologic study of the human otic capsule is presented demonstrating the interrelations between cartilage, bone, blood vessels and soft tissue throughout life. Remodeling occurs through continual degeneration of chondrocytes within the uncalcified articular surfaces of the stapediovestibular joint and through continual degeneration of cartilage about the cochlea and semicircular canals. Degenerated chondrocytes are removed by macrophages and new endochondral bone forms from adjacent osteogenically active blood vessels. The cartilage surfaces of the footplate and oval window are constantly replenished by new cartilage formed by mesenchymal cells of the annular ligament. Within the otic capsule, new cartilage forms from mesenchymal cells lining the labyrinth. Cartilage foci continually undergo partial replacement by endochondral bone with remnants of uncalcified cartilage matrix remaining, forming globuli ossei and interglobular spaces. In addition to continual endochondral bone formation partially replacing the continually forming and degenerating cartilage, chondroid bone forms by direct transformation of some cartilage to bone. These chondroid bone areas are cellular in young age groups, but become pale and relatively acellular with age. These processes occur throughout life, regardless of age or sex.
Anti-Israel Sentiment Predicts Anti-Semitism in Europe.

In the discourse surrounding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, extreme criticisms of Israel (e.g., Israel is an apartheidstate,theIsraelDefenseForcesdeliberatelytargetPalestiniancivilians),coupled ...
Charge regulation at semiconductor-electrolyte interfaces

The interface between a semiconductor material and an electrolyte solution has interesting and complex electrostatic properties. Its behavior will depend on the density of mobile charge carriers that are present in both phases as well as on the surface chemistry at the interface through local charge regulation. The latter is driven by chemical equilibria involving the immobile surface groups and the potential determining ions in the electrolyte solution. All these lead to an electrostatic potential distribution that propagate such that the electrolyte and the semiconductor are dependent on each other. Hence, any variation in the charge density in one phase will lead to a response in the other. This has significant implications on the physical properties of single semiconductor-electrolyte interfaces and on the electrostatic interactions between semiconductor particles suspended in electrolyte solutions. The present paper expands on our previous publication (Fleharty et al., 2014) and offers new results on the electrostatics of single semiconductor interfaces as well as on the interaction of charged semiconductor colloids suspended in electrolyte solution.
Congenital Glaucoma and Neurofibromatosis in a Monozygotic Twin: Case Report and Review of the Literature

We describe a dramatic case of an identical twin presenting at birth with unilateral congenital glaucoma. Because of the suspicion of neurofibromatosis 1 a magnetic resonance image of the neural axis was obtained, which revealed a plexiform neurofibroma with spinal cord impingement. Diagnosis of neurofibromatosis 1 was confirmed by 3 months of age with the emergence of cafe-au-lait spots. This case was compared with all 19 reports published in the English literature of neurofibromatosis 1 associated with congenital glaucoma. Initial presentation, family history, characteristics ofthe clinical syndrome, and outcome of glaucoma in infants with neurofibromatosis 1 and congenital glaucoma were reviewed. A plexiform neurofibroma of the ipsilateral eyelid was present in eight patients and ipsilateral facial hypertrophy occurred in three patients. Cafe-au-lait spots appeared between the ages of 5 weeks and 8 years; none of the patients were reported to have cafe-au-lait spots at birth. Newborns with unilateral congenital glaucoma should raise high suspicion for neurofibromatosis 1 and its associated findings, which might need immediate intervention.
An Efficient Method of Analyzing the Effect of Roughness on Fatigue Life in Mixed-EHL Contact

An efficient and comprehensive Macro-Micro-Fatigue approach for analyzing the effect of roughness on fatigue life in mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication contact is presented. It involves two macro-micro approaches, one for mixed lubrication analysis and the other for contact stress evaluation. The macro-micro approaches make it possible to efficiently model pressure and film thickness distribution over the entire area of contact, at the same time allowing a detailed account of asperity interaction effects. The three-stage process comprises a dry rough contact solver, a simplified mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication solver, and a hydrostatic rough contact solver, all of which are presented. Subsurface stresses are calculated and fatigue life is estimated using the Zaretsky fatigue model. Numerical simulations are performed for several cases of point contacts of rough surfaces and results are presented on a comparative basis.
A Look at Randomness in Microsoft Windows Solitaire, or, Using Electronic Games of Chance for Statistics Projects

Summary The popular computer game Solitaire is used as a vehicle for investigating random number generation. This can form a very good basis for classroom projects.
Evidence-Based Practices in Secondary Transition:

A literature review was conducted to identify evidence-based practices in secondary transition using quality indicator checklists for experimental research. Practices were categorized by the Taxonomy for Transition Programming. Overall, 32 secondary transition evidence-based practices were identified. Two practices had a strong level of evidence, 28 had a moderate level of evidence, and 2 had a potential level of evidence. The majority of practices represented instruction of skills within the category of Student Development. No evidence-based practices were identified in the category of Interagency Collaboration. Findings provide practitioners with a set of evidence-based practices for improving transition services and researchers with an agenda for conducting future research.
Separating astrophysical sources from indirect dark matter signals

Indirect searches for products of dark matter annihilation and decay face the challenge of identifying an uncertain and subdominant signal in the presence of uncertain backgrounds. Two valuable approaches to this problem are (i) using analysis methods which take advantage of different features in the energy spectrum and angular distribution of the signal and backgrounds and (ii) more accurately characterizing backgrounds, which allows for more robust identification of possible signals. These two approaches are complementary and can be significantly strengthened when used together. I review the status of indirect searches with gamma rays using two promising targets, the Inner Galaxy and the isotropic gamma-ray background. For both targets, uncertainties in the properties of backgrounds are a major limitation to the sensitivity of indirect searches. I then highlight approaches which can enhance the sensitivity of indirect searches using these targets.
Phytoene as a protective agent against sunburn (greater than 280 nm) radiation in guinea pigs.

— Phytoene, the colorless triene precursor of β-carotene (17 mg/g body weight) or a placebo was given to guinea pigs by daily intraperitoneal injection for 14 days, after which the animals were exposed to radiation (> 280 nm). It was found that the animals receiving phytoene developed significantly less erythema to the radiation than did the animals receiving placebo.
Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Cancer Presenting with Elevated Levels of CA 19-9 and CA 125

Background: Calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are established markers of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), used in the diagnosis and monitoring of disease and its progression. In clinical practice, various other tumor markers are utilized in the follow-up of different malignancies, although their utility has not been well described in MTC. CA 19-9 antigen, routinely used in the monitoring of pancreatic cancer, also has been detected in the tissue of approximately 6% of MTCs. However, its presence has never been reported in the serum of these patients. Elevation of CA 125 antigen, utilized as a tumor marker for ovarian cancer, has never been reported in MTC. We report a novel finding of metastatic MTC presenting with elevated CA 19-9 and CA 125 serum levels, with concurrent tissue staining for these antigens. Summary: A 56-year-old woman with multiple endocrine neoplasia 2B syndrome, post subtotal thyroidectomy for MTC in childhood, presented with extensive metastatic spread of MTC to the lungs a...
Photochemistry of nitrous acid (HONO) and nitrous acidium ion (H2ONO) in aqueous solution and ice.

We have examined the photochemistries of two N(III) species, nitrous acid (HONO) and nitrous acidium ion (H2ONO+), in solution and ice. Although the light absorption spectra for these two species are very similar, their photochemical efficiencies are quite different: the •OH (and NO) quantum yield for HONO is approximately 8 times greater than that of H2ONO+ at 274 K. The temperature dependent expressions for the •OH (and NO) quantum yields are ln(Φ(HONO → •OH) = (7.14 ± 0.57) − (2430 ± 160)/T and ln(Φ(H2ONO+ → •OH) = (3.16 ± 0.67) − (1890 ± 180)/T. The temperature dependence for H2ONO+ includes both solution and ice data (255−283 K), suggesting that its ice photochemistry is occurring in a quasi-liquid environment. The quantum yields for HONO and H2ONO+ are independent of wavelength, in contrast to NO2−. On the basis of the pH dependence of N(III) photolysis, our results are consistent with recently reported pKa values of 1.7 for H2ONO+ and 2.8 for HONO. Using our results in a kinetic model of nitrogen c...
On two nonequivalent measures of complexity

A careful distinction is made between the two definitions of complexity introduced by M.H van Emden (1971) for data compression. It is shown that the two concepts are nonequivalent, and a compromise criterion is introduced. Inherently different properties of the two concepts of complexity are proved. It is noted that these differences are crucial to the choice of a performance criterion in model building. The decision rule of M.S. Maklad and S.T. Nichols (1980) is explicitly derived in the case of a multivariate linear regression model. >
Dopant straggle-free heterojunction intra-band tunnel (HIBT) FETs with low drain-induced barrier lowering/thinning (DIBL/T) and reduced variation in OFF current

We propose heterojunction intra-band tunnel (HIBT) FETs with reduced sensitivity of OFF current (I OFF ) to parameter variations (PV) and lower drain-induced barrier lowering/thinning (DIBL/T) compared to Si double gate (DG) MOSFETs. We evaluate the impact of low I OFF variations in HIBT FETs on SRAM leakage and stability and show their potential for low power applications.
Stark and Zeeman Effects on the Protonic Structure of Molecules

The effect of a homogeneous electric field on the protonic coordinates of neutral hydrides is shown to be identical to the effect on the electronic coordinates. For ionized hydrides, the effects on the protonic coordinates are shown to be proportional to (1 ---$\frac{N{m}_{p}}{M}$) where ${m}_{p}$ and $M$ are the protonic and total mass, respectively, and $N$ is the degree of ionization. A homogeneous magnetic field affects the protonic coordinates through terms proportional to $\frac{{\mathcal{H}}^{2}{m}_{p}}{M}$ and $\frac{{N}_{e}{\mathcal{H}}^{2}{m}_{p}^{2}}{{M}^{2}}$, where $\mathcal{H}$ is the strength of the field and ${N}_{e}$ is the number of electrons in the molecule. The terms of first order in $\mathcal{H}$ are found to be negligible for the protonic coordinates. The effects of both the electric and magnetic fields on the motion of the center of mass are also given. We show that in the presence of a homogeneous magnetic field in the $z$ direction, the center of mass of neutral atoms or molecules will vibrate in the $\mathrm{xy}$ plane with a frequency of $\ensuremath{\omega}={(\frac{{N}_{e}{q}_{e}^{2}\mathcal{H}^{2}}{4M{m}_{e}{c}^{2}})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$, where $c$ is the velocity of light.
Perspectives on Educational Testing: Discussion

What are the similarities and differences among the testing practices and tests that have been described in the preceding articles? How do the situations in these countries compare to what we are experiencing in the US.?