cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The new Bostonians: how immigrants have transformed the metro region since the 1960s

Since their founding, the globalization of cities and their suburbs has transformed the socio-spatial structures and political processes of metropolitan areas. Cities, and increasingly their suburb...
Get a clue! Some truths about online deception

As text-based computer-mediated technologies have become more and more commonplace in communication, our exposure to potential online deceptions like phishing, and even identity theft has also been increased. In order to avoid, or at least mitigate, these risks, we must be able to discern the underlying intent of the text message sender and to recognize whether these messages are deceptive, or not. The difficulty in computer-mediated communication is that we generally have only written words to rely on. However, prior research has demonstrated that applying certain classification methodologies to certain observable linguistic features can provide important clues to detecting deception with reasonable accuracy. This poster describes a study of an interactive online game designed and developed on Florida State University campus that mimics interpersonal deception scenarios. We applied different analytical models to the data collected as a step towards developing an automated process for detecting deception in online communication.
Catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis of ionic liquid processed biorefinery lignin to phenolic compounds

Lignocellulosic biomass has the potential to play a significant role in the global bioeconomy for the production of renewable fuels and chemicals. It has been estimated that there are roughly a billion tons of lignocellulose available annually in the United States alone. Valorization of residual lignin streams generated from lignocellulosic biorefineries is key for economic viability and sustainability. In this work, catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis using isopropyl alcohol (IPA) as a hydrogen-donor solvent was employed at 300 °C to valorize lignin-enriched residues obtained from an ionic liquid (IL) conversion process. This process results in high liquid yields (65.5 wt%) with a significant amount of monomers present (27 wt%) and low char formation. Compositional analysis of the process streams indicates that alkyl-substituted phenols are the main products. Lignin depolymerization was enhanced at longer reaction times and in the presence of Ru/C, producing more, low molecular weight products with a greater extent of alkylation on the aromatic rings. This work suggests that residual lignin fractions from IL-based lignocellulosic conversion technologies can be depolymerized to value-added products and low molecular weight platform chemicals for the renewable fuels and chemicals sector.
Nyama Choma Culture: Implications of Increased Red Meat and Alcohol Consumption in East Africa

Nyama Choma Culture (NCC) reflects a way of life in East Africa based on the increased consumption of red meat and alcohol which seemingly projects a higher social status. The rising emergence of these cultural practices has positive as well as negative implications on individuals, their families, and larger socio-economic systems. This article draws from a variety of sources to provide an objective description of the implications of NCC on the people adopting it as well as society at large. These concerns are categorized into four primary areas: public health, the food industry, climate change, and community microeconomics. As the dynamics and impacts of NCC are already being felt in developing countries, this cultural phenomenon calls for careful monitoring and consideration in the design of policies and practices to champion the economic, social, and environmental sustainability of community nutrition systems and regional food value chains.
Abstract 1878: Dietary vitamin A intake and breast cancer risk among African American women: The AMBER Consortium

Introduction: Some studies in women of European descent showed an inverse association of dietary vitamin A intake with breast cancer risk, in particular, among premenopausal women. However, it is unknown whether the associations exist among women of African descent. Methods: In the African American Breast Cancer Epidemiology and Risk (AMBER) Consortium, we included data from 2487 breast cancer cases and 11,843 controls from the three studies that had food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) (Black Women9s Health Study [BWHS], Multiethnic Cohort Study [MEC], and Women9s Circle of Health Study [WCHS]). Total vitamin A (preformed vitamin A from animal sources plus carotenoids from fruits and vegetable) intake in μg retinol equivalent (RE) from diet only was assessed by FFQ, and estrogen receptor (ER) status was abstracted from pathology reports. Logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for study-specific quintiles adjusting for age, education, body mass index, study, time period, geographical region, family history of breast cancer, age at menarche, parity, age at first birth, use of hormone replacement therapy, duration of oral contraceptive use, smoking, alcohol use, and total energy intake. Results: We observed no association of dietary total vitamin A intake with ER-positive breast cancer overall. However, dietary total vitamin A intake was inversely associated with ER-positive breast cancer among premenopausal women (quintiles 5 vs. 1: OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.47-0.93; p-trend = 0.022), but not among postmenopausal women (quintiles 5 vs 1: OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.81-1.39; p-trend = 0.89). There was no evidence for an association of dietary total vitamin A intake with ER-negative breast cancer, regardless of menopausal status. Only BWHS and MEC had information on multivitamin supplement use; adjusting for this variable did not change the associations in these two studies. Conclusion: A higher versus lower consumption of total vitamin A from diet was associated with a lower risk of ER-positive breast cancer among premenopausal African American women. This finding is consistent with the observation in women of European decent; the potentially beneficial influence of vitamin A on ER-positive breast cancer warrants investigation. (Funding: NIH/NCI P01 CA151135) Citation Format: Ting-Yuan D. Cheng, Susan E. McCann, Gary Zirpoli, Song Yao, Elisa V. Bandera, Laurence N. Kolonel, Lynn Rosenberg, Andrew F. Olshan, Julie R. Palmer, Christine B. Ambrosone. Dietary vitamin A intake and breast cancer risk among African American women: The AMBER Consortium. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1878. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1878
An MRI Atlas for Imaging and Pathologic Correlation Studies in Alzheimer’s Disease (S39.008)

Objective: Our objective was to develop a brain MRI atlas representing 8 cortical regions that are routinely sampled at autopsy for the pathologic diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Background: Pathologic diagnosis is the gold standard in evaluating imaging markers developed for specific pathophysiologic processes. A brain MRI atlas representing the autopsy-sampled tissue can be utilized in direct comparisons between the imaging and pathology findings. Methods: Subjects (n=22) with a range of AD, microinfarct and Lewy body pathologies with an in vivo 3T MRI were included. Histology slides from the 8 cortical regions sampled from the left hemisphere at autopsy by three pathologists guided the localization of the atlas regions of interest (ROIs) on each subject’s in vivo 3D T1-weighted MRI. The ROIs in each subject’s native space T1 image were then registered to a common template generated from 202 older adults. The resulting ROI included the volume of tissue that was sampled by the pathologists. A subset of the subjects (n=4) had C-11 Pittsburgh compound-B (PiB-PET) amyloid imaging acquired within 2 years before death. β-amyloid density was quantified from the autopsy sampled regions in those 4 subjects using a custom-designed color deconvolution ImageScope algorithm to detect density of the β-amyloid (33.1.1) immunostain. Median standard uptake value ratio (SUVR) of PiB was calculated in each ROI after registering the PiB-PET image to the MRI atlas template. Results: We found a significant association between β-amyloid plaque density in 8 ROIs of the 4 subjects (total ROI n=32) and median PiB SUVR (r^2=0.64; p<0.0001). Conclusions: In a cortical brain atlas developed for imaging and pathologic correlation studies, we demonstrated that in vivo amyloid burden measured in the atlas ROIs on amyloid PET is strongly correlated with β-amyloid density measured on histology. This atlas can be used in imaging and pathologic correlation studies. Disclosure: Dr. Raman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schwarz has nothing to disclose. Dr. Murray has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lowe has received personal compensation for activities with Bayer Pharmaceuticals as a consultant. Dr. Dickson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jack has received personal compensation for activities with Janssen Research & Development, LLC by providing consulting services. Dr. Jack has received research support from the National Institutes of Health (R01-AG011378, RO1-AG041851, RO1-AG037551. Dr. Kantarci has received personal compensation for activities with Takeda and Novartis.
Educating South Texas Mexican Americans from Anti-Oppressive Pedagogical Approach: A Call for Culturally Responsive Teaching. Insights from Research Literature

The intent of this academic paper consists of making our Mexican American Graduate students, currently teaching K-12 students, aware of the imperative need of re-shaping and re-shifting schooling and educational practices in South Texas, given the current achievement gap experienced by many Mexican American students. Using a critical approach, the authors explore not only the historical challenges encountered by Mexican American student schooling practices in South Texas but also, the oppressive cultural ecological system set by Anglo American educational practices and policies after the ratification of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo annexing Texas to the United States. Furthermore, the authors highlight the imperative need for the systematic preparation of culturally responsive PK-12 teachers and school administrators in South Texas in order to stop the ongoing deculturalization and linguistic genocide of new future generations of Mexican Americans. Implications for culturally responsive teachers and teacher education training, curriculum transformation and preparation of new generation of Mexican- American teachers- authors are discussed.
Associations between socioeconomic status markers and depressive symptoms by race and gender: results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Abstract Purpose Depression poses a significant public health burden, with varying prevalence by race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES). It is unclear whether race/ethnicity and gender modify relationships between SES and depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate such effect modification. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was performed on Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants at the baseline ( n = 5559). Multivariable logistic regression models stratified by race/ethnicity and gender were performed to evaluate associations between income, education, occupation, and neighborhood SES with depressive symptoms, defined by Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale values of 16 or greater. Results Depressive symptom odds were lower with increasing income, and this was pronounced in white women, black men, and Hispanic women. Lower odds of depressive symptoms were seen in management/professional occupations for Hispanic men, and in blacks as neighborhood SES increased. Education was not associated with odds of depressive symptoms. Multiplicative interaction terms were significant for gender-income ( P = .028) and race/ethnicity-neighborhood ( P = .010). Race/ethnicity-neighborhood interaction was also observed on the additive scale. Conclusions Associations varied across races/ethnicities and gender, and evidence for effect modification was seen by gender with income, and by race/ethnicity with neighborhood SES. These findings provide a nuanced understanding of race/ethnicity and gender differences in SES related to depressive symptoms.
A Study of How Economists Completely Overlooked and Misunderstood Keynes's Statements that If We Have All the Facts Before Us, We Shall Have Enough Simultaneous Equations to Give Us a Determinate Result.. on Page 299 and The Quantitative Effect Could Be Derived from the Three Elementss on Page 298 of the GT

Economists since 1936 have been unable to understand or comprehend Keynes’s clear statements in chapter 21 that ”… if we have all the facts before us, we shall have enough simultaneous equations to give us a determinate result” on p.299 of the General Theory and Keynes’s statement that “the quantitative effect could be derived from the three elements” on page 298 of the General Theory. This failure to grasp that Keynes is analyzing his IS-LP(LM) model in chapter 21, as he said he would do in greater detail than he did in section 4 of Chapter 15, has led to the false conclusion for the last 81 years that there was no IS-LP(LM) analysis provided by Keynes in the General Theory, when in fact this analysis is central to the entire General theory. No economist in the 20th or 21st century, who has written on Keynes’s GT, has demonstrated any inkling about what Keynes was doing in chapter 21 of the GT. We can now understand R. Kahn’s efforts, in his 1978 JEL paper and his 1984 book, in attempting to divert his readers attention away from chapter 21 of the GT. Chapter 21 provides a reader of the GT with an answer to the question, “What did Keynes really mean in the GT.” The answer is his IS-LP(LM) model incorporating uncertainty as a shift parameter in the model. Only Champernowne (1936) was able to see the connection between IS-LM and Keynes’s conception of uncertainty.
Influence of Postconcussion Sleep Duration on Concussion Recovery in Collegiate Athletes.

Objective To determine whether decreased sleep duration postconcussion influences days to asymptomatic and assessment of performance throughout recovery. Design Prospective. Setting Institutional Clinical Research Laboratory. Patients Four hundred twenty-three collegiate athletes were diagnosed with concussion. Interventions Multidimensional concussion assessment battery was conducted at baseline, within 24 to 48 hours, daily [2-4 days postinjury (PI); symptoms only], once asymptomatic, and after return-to-play. The battery included the following: 22-item symptom checklist, Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC), Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), and computerized neurocognitive test [Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT)]. Main outcome measures We subtracted baseline sleep duration from 24 to 48 hours postconcussion sleep duration and categorized athletes into the following groups: shorter sleep (≤-1 hour), no change (>-1 hour, Results Sleep groups did not differ in days to asymptomatic. The shorter sleep group had greater symptom severity than no sleep change and longer sleep groups at 24 to 48 hours (shorter: 39.1 ± 20.7; no change: 25.1 ± 18.4, P = 0.007; longer: 25.7 ± 21.8, P = 0.004), and at 2 to 4 days PI (shorter: 21.8 ± 21.8; no change: 10.5 ± 10.8, P = 0.013; longer: 11.9 ± 14.2, P = 0.007), but did not differ at other time points (ie, asymptomatic and return-to-play). Participants with shorter sleep exhibited slower ImPACT reaction times at 24 to 48 hours (shorter: 0.68 ± 0.14; no change: 0.61 ± 0.09, P = 0.016; and longer: 0.62 ± 0.12, P = 0.028) and asymptomatic time points (shorter: 0.62 ± 0.11; no change: 0.56 ± 0.05; P = 0.015). Conclusion Postinjury sleep declines may be associated with symptom severity and worsened reaction time during initial stages of recovery or may be the result of the concussion itself. Clinicians should be aware of alterations in sleep duration and manage appropriately to mitigate initial symptom burden postconcussion.
Haze heats Pluto’s atmosphere yet explains its cold temperature

Pluto's atmosphere is cold and hazy. Recent observations have shown it to be much colder than predicted theoretically, suggesting an unknown cooling mechanism. Atmospheric gas molecules, particularly water vapour, have been proposed as a coolant; however, because Pluto's thermal structure is expected to be in radiative-conductive equilibrium, the required water vapour would need to be supersaturated by many orders of magnitude under thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. Here we report that atmospheric hazes, rather than gases, can explain Pluto's temperature profile. We find that haze particles have substantially larger solar heating and thermal cooling rates than gas molecules, dominating the atmospheric radiative balance from the ground to an altitude of 700 kilometres, above which heat conduction maintains an isothermal atmosphere. We conclude that Pluto's atmosphere is unique among Solar System planetary atmospheres, as its radiative energy equilibrium is controlled primarily by haze particles instead of gas molecules. We predict that Pluto is therefore several orders of magnitude brighter at mid-infrared wavelengths than previously thought-a brightness that could be detected by future telescopes.
Fiduciary Principles in Charities and Other Nonprofits

This book chapter provides an overview of the fiduciary principles that apply to charities and other nonprofit organizations. More specifically, it discusses the criteria that trigger a fiduciary relationship, the duties of loyalty and care, other legal obligations that may apply to nonprofit fiduciaries, and the extent to which those duties and obligations may be modified or avoided. In the course of doing so, it discusses and critiques the approaches taken to these principles by the draft Restatement of the Law, Charitable Nonprofit Organizations.
High Plains Irrigation and Texas Water Plan

The economy of the High Plains of West Texas is based on irrigated agriculture. Because all irrigation water is derived from storage in the Ogallala aquifer, maximum irrigation development is expected to occur around 1980. Irrigation has been found to have a total value of about $35.00 per acre-ft to farmers in the area, and a total value to all sectors of the economy in the area of about $100.00 per acre-ft. Based on these values, and on the assumption that nonfarming sectors of the economy would be willing to pay their proportionate shares of the cost of importation of water as envisioned by the Texas Water Plan, the writer concludes that the importation of water to the area to sustain the present high level of economy is economically feasible.
Stimulation of liver cell growth by direct mitogens

Liver cell growth can be induced in two distinct patterns, compensatory and direct hyperplasia. Studies during the past 10 years indicated that signal pathways leading to the induction of hepatocyte DNA synthesis between two types of hyperplasia are distinctly different. Such differences may account for different biological responses of the liver to different types of hyperplasia, particularly in the processes of hepatocarcinogenesis. We proposed to classify agents which induce direct hyperplasia into two major classes: TNF-α mediated and nuclear receptor-mediated mitogens. In this chapter, we briefly review the evidence supporting this proposal, and discuss future directions of our current studies.
Approximation in the identification of degenerate distributed parameter systems: Generalized Galerkin schemes and nonconforming elements

An abstract approximation framework and corresponding convergence theory for the identification of linear degenerate distributed parameter systems is developed. The approach taken is based upon a quotient space formulation for the infinite dimensional dynamical system and an abstract approximation result in the spirit of the Trotter Kato Theorem for the approximation of linear semigroups of bounded linear operators. The abstract approximation framework is applied to establish convergence of generalized Galerkin schemes involving nonconforming elements in the context of inverse problems for degenerate parabolic systems. An example and numerical results are presented and discussed.
Risk and Protective Factors Associated With Lifetime Sexual Experience Among Rural, Reservation-Based American Indian Youth.

Early sexual initiation is a catalyst for sexually transmitted infection and unintended pregnancy. American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth initiate sex prior to age 13 more often than other U.S. youth, contributing to current inequalities in sexual health. Identifying what factors were associated with lifetime sexual experience among AI/AN youth can inform the development of primary prevention programming to delay sexual initiation, alleviate the costs of early sexual activity, and improve sexual health outcomes in this population. We analyzed cross-sectional data from 267 AI youth ages 13–19, recruited from a rural, reservation-based community. We used multivariate logistic regression models to estimate associations between independent variables and lifetime sexual experience (vaginal and/or anal sex) across the following categories: sociodemographic, knowledge, attitudes/perceptions, beliefs, intentions, skills, behaviors, and theoretical constructs. The sample was 56.2% female, mean age 15.1 years (SD = 1.7), and 22.5% were sexually experienced. In our final model, condom use self-efficacy (attitude/perception factor) and intentions to remain abstinent until marriage (intention factor) were associated with lower odds of lifetime sexual experience. Age (sociodemographic factor), intention to have sex (intention factor), use of any contraception (behavior factor), and higher response efficacy (theoretical construct) were associated with lifetime sexual experience. Of these, intention to have sex was the strongest indicator. These results both corroborate and contrast with other research conducted among rural, reservation-based AI/AN youth. Our findings show programs targeting intentions may have the greatest impact among reservation-based AI youth, and justify program delivery stratified by age group in this setting.
Integrating Spirituality and Sustainability for Individual Success

The central theme of this chapter is that the combination of spirituality and sustainability are beneficial for individual success. Because limited research exists concerning the relationships among sustainability, spirituality, and individual success, much of the focus of this chapter will be with the development of an argument for, and a conceptual framework from which to examine the proposed relationship of these constructs. Spiritual and sustainable lifestyles, such as voluntary simplicity and flourishing, and corresponding benefits will be examined. Systems thinking, the Holistic Model of Wellness, Vocational Souljourn, and the complexity theory are introduced as frameworks through which to understand the individual-level benefits of combined spirituality and sustainability. Spiritual intelligence, sustainable leadership, ecospirituality, and ecologism are discussed within the context of individual spirituality, sustainability, and success.
Disability Inclusion in 4-H: Aligned with the Mission, Stopped Short by Methods

Quality out-of-school programs can significantly improve youth development outcomes. Youth with disabilities and special health care needs, who represent 19% of all youth, are less likely than their typically developing peers to participate in out-of-school activities. This qualitative study explored factors that influence the inclusion of youth with disabilities in one state’s 4-H program. Factors that facilitated inclusion were personal attitudes and subjective norms, but lack of knowledge and limited resources led to reactive problem solving rather than proactive, organizational planning. By identifying both the factors that facilitate inclusion and those that prevent it or are perceived as barriers, youth development professionals can target areas of focus to improve inclusion of youth with disabilities in 4-H and potentially other youth development programs.
Influence of hydrostatic pressure on the magnetic phase diagram of superconducting Sr 2 Ru O 4 by ultrasonic attenuation

The effect of high hydrostatic pressure on the magnetic field and temperature dependence of the attenuation of a longitudinal ultrasonic wave propagated along the ⟨100⟩ direction in superconducting ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}\mathrm{Ru}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ has been investigated. The magnetic field dependence of the attenuation suggests the vertical character of the nodes in the superconducting gap. Application of pressure causes a decrease of the critical temperature ${T}_{c}$ and critical magnetic field ${H}_{c2}$; the width of the transition under pressure increases. The dependence of ${H}_{c2\ensuremath{\parallel}ab}$ on ${T}_{c}$ was found to be linear, in contrast to the quadratic one for ${H}_{c2\ensuremath{\parallel}c}$. The slope $d{H}_{c2\ensuremath{\parallel}ab}∕d{T}_{c}$ has a universal character; its value does not depend on the physical factor causing reduction of ${T}_{c}$, regardless if it is pressure or impurities. The observed effects demonstrate that the pressure application induces an increase in the electron-electron interaction. We show that this increase can be described in terms of a changing electron relaxation time, as in the case of impurities.
Detecting arrays for main effects

Determining correctness and performance for complex engineered systems necessitates testing the system to determine how its behaviour is impacted by many factors and interactions among them. Of particular concern is to determine which settings of the factors (main effects) impact the behaviour significantly. Detecting arrays for main effects are test suites that ensure that the impact of each main effect is witnessed even in the presence of d or fewer other significant main effects. Separation in detecting arrays dictates the presence of at least a specified number of such witnesses. A new parameter, corroboration, enables the fusion of levels while maintaining the presence of witnesses. Detecting arrays for main effects, having various values for the separation and corroboration, are constructed using error-correcting codes and separating hash families. The techniques are shown to yield explicit constructions with few tests for large numbers of factors.
Dynamic modelling of the iron deficiency modulated transcriptome response in Arabidopsis thaliana roots

The iron deficiency response in plants is a complex biological process with a host of influencing factors. The ability to precisely modulate this process at the transcriptome level would enable genetic manipulations allowing plants to survive in nutritionally poor soils and accumulate increased iron content in edible tissues. Despite the collected experimental data describing different aspects of the iron deficiency response in plants, no attempts have been made towards aggregating this information into a descriptive and predictive model of gene expression changes over time. We formulated and trained a dynamic model of the iron deficiency induced transcriptional response in Arabidopsis thaliana. Gene activity dynamics were modelled with a set of ordinary differential equations that contain biologically tractable parameters. The trained model was able to capture and account for a significant difference in mRNA decay rates under iron sufficient and iron deficient conditions, approximate the expression behaviour of currently unknown gene regulators, unveil potential synergistic effects between the modulating transcription factors and predict the effect of double regulator mutants. The presented modelling approach illustrates a framework for experimental design, data analysis and information aggregation in an effort to gain a deeper understanding of various aspects of a biological process of interest.
Socioeconomic drivers of urban pest prevalence

Funding: We thank the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC) under funding received from the National Science Foundation DBI-1052875, for supporting the workshop series ‘Socio-Spatial Ecology of the Bed Bug and its Control'.
Utility of d-dimer for diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis in coronavirus disease-19 infection.

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical usefulness of d -dimer in excluding a diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection, potentially limiting the need for venous duplex ultrasound examination. Methods We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients admitted to our institution with confirmed COVID-19 status by polymerase chain reaction between March 1, 2020, and May 13, 2020, and selected those who underwent both d -dimer and venous duplex ultrasound examination. This cohort was divided into two groups, those with and without DVT based on duplex ultrasound examination. These groups were then compared to determine the value of d -dimer in establishing this diagnosis. Results A total of 1170 patients were admitted with COVID-19, of which 158 were selected for this study. Of the 158, there were 52 patients with DVT and 106 without DVT. There were no differences in sex, age, race, or ethnicity between groups. Diabetes and routine hemodialysis were less commonly seen in the group with DVT. More than 90% of patients in both groups received prophylactic anticoagulation, but the use of low-molecular-weight heparin or subcutaneous heparin prophylaxis was not predictive of DVT. All patients had elevated acute-phase d -dimer levels using conventional criteria, and 154 of the 158 (97.5%) had elevated levels with age-adjusted criteria (mean d -dimer 16,163 ± 5395 ng/mL). Those with DVT had higher acute-phase d -dimer levels than those without DVT (median, 13,602 [interquartile range, 6616-36,543 ng/mL] vs 2880 [interquartile range, 1030-9126 ng/mL], P d -dimer cutoff of 6494 ng/mL was determined to differentiate those with and without DVT (sensitivity 80.8%, specificity 68.9%, negative predictive value 88.0%). Wells DVT criteria was not found to be a significant predictor of DVT. Elevated d -dimer as defined by our optimal metric was a statistically significant predictor of DVT in both univariate and multivariable analyses when adjusting for other factors (odds ratio, 6.12; 95% confidence interval, 2.79-13.39; P Conclusions d -dimer levels are uniformly elevated in patients with COVID-19. Although standard predictive criteria failed to predict DVT, our analysis showed a d -dimer of less than 6494 ng/mL may exclude DVT, potentially limiting the need for venous duplex ultrasound examination.
Stochastic Multistage Co-planning of Integrated Energy Systems

Power-to-gas technology provides an effective form of long-term electric storage, which improves the renewable energy utilization. Moreover, power-to-gas can capture the carbon dioxide from the air and reduce the total carbon emission. In this paper, we propose a multistage stochastic expansion co-planning model for the integrated energy systems with power-to-gas storage. The value of the multistage program is verified in the case study. Moreover, the case study evaluates the economic value of power-to-gas in the long-term expansion co-planning, especially when the renewable penetration is high.
Model studies of advanced glycation end product modification of heterograft biomaterials: The effects of in vitro glucose, glyoxal, and serum albumin on collagen structure and mechanical properties.

Abstract Glutaraldehyde cross-linked heterograft tissues, bovine pericardium (BP) or porcine aortic valves, are the leaflet materials in bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV) used in cardiac surgery for heart valve disease. BHV fail due to structural valve degeneration (SVD), often with calcification. Advanced glycation end products (AGE) are post-translational, non-enzymatic reaction products from sugars reducing proteins. AGE are present in SVD-BHV clinical explants and are not detectable in un-implanted BHV. Prior studies modeled BP-AGE formation in vitro with glyoxal, a glucose breakdown product, and serum albumin. However, glucose is the most abundant AGE precursor. Thus, the present studies investigated the hypothesis that BHV susceptibility to glucose related AGE, together with serum proteins, results in deterioration of collagen structure and mechanical properties. In vitro experiments studied AGE formation in BP and porcine collagen sponges (CS) comparing 14C-glucose and 14C-glyoxal with and without bovine serum albumin (BSA). Glucose incorporation occurred at a significantly lower level than glyoxal (p
Try, Try Again? Gender Differences in Experience and Evaluation of Innovation in the NASA SBIR program

Gender differences in innovation financing are well documented but poorly understood. We study applicants to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Small Business Innovation Research program, a public initiative seeking to increase access for women. Despite a mission objective to fund more women, the NASA SBIR program lags in female representation. Econometric analysis reveals indirect bias against female PI applicants in the review process. Specifically, we find that females receive: (1) significantly lower proposal scores and (2) lower assessments of their technology than comparable males. Prior experience with the program helps reduce some of the bias while worsening other aspects of it. These results negatively impact diversity in innovation. We propose a series of policy recommendations to overcome this bias.
Formation, persistence and statistics of Rogue events in microresonators

We utilize a novel buffered time-lens architecture, panoramic-reconstruction temporal imaging (PARTI), to record long evolution portraits capturing the formation of rogue events. Further, we analyze the statistics of these events with regard to their persistence.
Voltage regulation of a series-stacked system of processors by differential power processing

Series-connected power delivery architectures have been shown to radically improve efficiencies for power delivery to servers and digital circuits. This paper investigates the element-to-element differential power processing topology. An average model for the series-stacked system with voltage regulating converters is proposed to aid in the closed-loop control design. Voltage regulation of the stack is simulated with a conventional 2-pole, 2-zero compensation scheme. Limitations regarding the number of cores that can be stacked in series and possible ways to overcome the limitations are also discussed. A modification to the element-to-element topology which improves transient response of the system is also suggested.
The National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program in the era of health reform: A vision forward

For the last 22 years, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) has provided high quality breast and cervical cancer screening to women who do not have health insurance or who have inadequate insurance. As the health care landscape changes, it is time for CDC to address new identified needs and opportunities to increase cancer screening and to further explore new or expanded roles for the program looking to the future. The NBCCEDP is well positioned to build upon its experience, established clinical and community partnerships, and success in serving disadvantaged and diverse populations to address important barriers to cancer screening that will persist as health reform is implemented. Additionally, the program can adapt its extensive experience with establishing and managing an organized system of delivering cancer screening and apply it to promote a more organized approach to screening through health care systems on a population level. Emphasis is placed on the implementation of evidenced-based interventions proven effective in increasing cancer screening rates, promising practices and other organizational policy and health systems interventions.
Formal Verification of Synchronous Circuits based on String-Functional Semantics: The 7 Paillet Circuits in Boyer-Moore

Since the beginning of time, the semantics of choice for synchronous circuits has been the finite state machine (FSM). Years of research on FSMs have provided many tools for the design and verification of synchronous hardware. But from a mathematical manipulation point of view, FSMs have several drawbacks, and a new hardware specification style based on the functional approach has gained ground recently. Earlier we described a functional semantics for synchronous circuits based on monotonic length-preserving (MLP) functions on finite strings. We have now implemented this theory inside the Boyer-Moore theorem prover, and proved correctness properties for a variety of circuits. In 1985 Paillet presented an interesting sequence of synchronous circuits of increasing "sequential complexity", with hand-proofs of their correctness in his P-calculus. Our semantics supports a calculus which extends his. It was therefore very tempting to investigate mechanical proofs of those circuits in the Boyer-Moore implementation of our theory. We present the results here.
Assessing Milk from CWD-Lactating Deer for Infectious Prions

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), or prions, cause a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting mammals including bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle, scrapie in sheep, variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans and chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer, elk and moose. CWD, the only prion disease to infect a native free-ranging population, has now been detected in 22 American states, 2 Canadian provinces and South Korea. While horizontal transmission is credited for much of the spread of CWD, few studies have monitored the potential for vertical/maternal transmission with an emphasis on lactation. Using a small, polyestrous cervid— the Reeves’ muntjac deer— we are addressing this issue by supplementing naive Reeve’s muntjac fawns (n=5) with milk collected from CWD-inoculated, pre-clinical and clinical muntjac doe. Blood, saliva, feces, urine and lymphoid biopsies will be collected from milk-exposed fawns at 10d, 21d, 40d, 3mo, 6mo, 12 and 18 mo pi to aid in CWD diagnosis. Similar samples, with the addition of mammary biopsy, will be collected from each mother doe at 3 months intervals to monitor CWD status. CWD fawn and mother doe CWD status will be monitored by immunohistochemistry, real time quaking induced conversion assay (RT-QuIC), protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) and clinical disease progression The results of this study will establish: 1) if there are sufficient infectious prions in the milk of lactating doe to transmit disease to offspring and 2) if mother to offspring transmission plays a role in the high efficiency with which CWD is transmitted in nature.
A History of Regional Anesthesia

The history of regional anesthesia has been colorful and tumultuous, filled in its early days with self-experimentation, daring and charismatic personalities, and evangelical supporters. The initial enthusiasm retreated before the advance in new general anesthetic drugs and anesthetic adjuvants in the 1930s to 1950s. It took the introduction of long-acting local anesthetics and development of techniques for their safe use in the last quarter of the century that resurrected the fortunes of regional anesthesia. The development of new delivery techniques, particularly ultrasound guidance and continuous epidural and peripheral nerve catheters has supported the renaissance of regional blockade. The detailed and rigorous science of the last 30 years has confirmed a critical role for regional anesthesia and analgesia as a superior perioperative technique, one that the early pioneers may have only partially envisioned, but one they would certainly be pleased with.
Aunt jemima and Uncle Mose Travel the USA: the marketing of memory through tourist souvenirs

Summary This paper extends an earlier analysis of black collectibles to the realm of tourism. It argues that the elite practice of bringing back cultural trophies from travels abroad has been replaced by the phenomenon of middle class tourists returning home with souvenirs. One particular type of memorabilia in the United States is the portrayal of Afro-Americans on a number of tourist-related items. The article traces their origin, continuation and decline within an ideological framework that both promotes and institutionalizes racism. The slave-like images of mentally deficient, indolent, though happy blacks, as epitomized in the stereotypical figures of Aunt Jemima, Uncle Mose and their pickaninny offspring, while predominant from post-emancipation to the 1950s, have not entirely disappeared today.
Analysis of A time‐shared processor

This paper analyzes a queueing structure for a time-shared service facility (or processor) and compares these results with a straightforward first-come first-served discipline. The assumption is that the processing time for each job is chosen from a geometric distribution. This time-shared discipline shares the desirable features of a first-come first-served principle, as well as that of a discipline which services short jobs first. It is shown that those jobs with shorter than average processing requirements, spend less time in the queue than they would in a strict first-come first-served system, and conversely for longer than average jobs.
Phenomenological Analysis of Current Limits in Storage Rings

Abstract We report the limitations on the current which can be stored in a storage ring. A simple model is used for the impedance of the beam environment. We assume that feedback systems are used to their full capacity to provide beam stability and that in the frequency range where feedback can no longer be used Landau damping will determine how much current can be stored in the ring. Estimates are made for the proton storage rings and for the electron storage rings of interest as synchrotron radiation sources and for colliding beam systems for high energy physics.
Opioid therapy for chronic nonmalignant pain: a review of the critical issues

The controversy surrounding the long-term use of opioid drugs in patients with nonmalignant pain has intensified in recent years. This debate is driven by a new willingness to consider the potential benefits of an approach that has been traditionally rejected as invariably ineffective and unsafe. The published literature continues to be very limited, but a growing clinical experience, combined with a critical reevaluation of issues related to efficacy, safety, and addiction or abuse, suggests that there is a subpopulation of patients with chronic pain that can achieve sustained partial analgesia from opioid therapy without the occurrence of intolerable side effects or the development of aberrant drug-related behaviors. Future research must confirm this impression through controlled clinical trials and clarify those factors that may predict therapeutic success or failure. For the present, the clinician who contemplates this approach must have a clear grasp of the relevant issues and an understanding of the guidelines for treatment and monitoring that have proved useful in practice.
16. Serum biomarkers and clinical effect of off-label use of miglustat in GM1 gangliosidosis

16. Serum biomarkers and clinical eﬀect of oﬀ-label use of miglustat in GM1gangliosidosisLawrence Charnas, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USABackground: GM1 gangliosidosis, a deﬁciency in beta-galactosidasewith storage of gangliosides causes skeletal, neurologic and other organdysfunction. Glucocerebroside synthesis inhibition by miglustat mightdecrease GM1 accumulation and oﬀer clinical beneﬁt. Study Design:Observational clinical experience Patient Descriptions: Three patients (1infatntile, 2 juvenile onset) with GM1 gangliosidosis were treated withmiglustat. Patient 2, Outcomes: Dosage ranged from 5 to 15 mg/kg/dayin divided doses titrated to tolerability. Side eﬀects included weight lossin the two juvenile onset patients without diarrhea. Chitotriosidase(CHITO) levels, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and tartrateresistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) measures were markedly elevated inthe infant. No follow up studies were available. The infantile patientwas treated from 7 to 19 months, and died at 23 months of age. ACE levelswere consistently normal in both juvenile patients. TRAP levels wereconsistently in the 11-year-old patient during treatment. After 12 monthsof therapy, she showed marked progression of neurologic disease andelevation of CHITO with normalization of CHITO but not TRAP afterstopping miglustat. Patient 3 showed consistently elevated CHITO levelswithout response to miglustat and no clinical change.Conclusions: Miglustat at the prescribed doses produced no demon-strable clinical beneﬁt in 3 patients. Serum biomarkers of macrophageactivation are variable across disease forms, but do not appear to respondin juvenile patients.doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2007.10.02817. Immunosuppression as a novel therapeutic target in Batten disease?Jonathan Cooper
Hydrogen component fugacities in binary mixtures with carbon dioxide

The fugacity coefficients of hydrogen in binary mixtures with carbon dioxide were measured using a physical equilibrium technique. This technique involves the use of an experimental chamber which is divided into two regions by a semipermeable membrane. Hydrogen can penetrate and pass through the membrane, while the other component (in this case carbon dioxide) cannot. At equilibrium, pure hydrogen will permeate into one “compartment” of the chamber, while the binary mixture occupies the other compartment. Thus, the pressure of pure hydrogen on one side of the membrane approaches the partial pressure of hydrogen in the mixture on the other side of the membrane. This allows the direct measurement of the hydrogen component fugacity at a given mixture mole fraction. In this study, results are reported for measurements made on the hydrogen+carbon dioxide binary at 80°C (353 K), 130°C (403 K), 160°C (433 K), and 190°C (463 K), each at a total mixture pressure of 3.45 MPa. The experimental results are compared with predictions from the Redlich-Kwong, Peng-Robinson, and extended corresponding-states models.
MUTUAL COUPLING BETWEEN RADIATING EDGES OF A MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA WITH A COVER LAYER

ABSTRACT The fields due to a magnetic dipole on the ground plane with a dielectric cover are derived. Based on this knowledge, the mutual coupling admittance between radiating edges of a microstrip antenna with a dielectric cover layer is obtained by modelling the edge fields as equivalent magnetic currents divided into small sections. Experimental results verifying the proposed method are presented.
Limited view CT reconstruction and segmentation via constrained metric labeling

This paper proposes a new discrete optimization framework for tomographic reconstruction and segmentation of CT volumes when only a few projection views are available. The problem has important clinical applications in coronary angiographic imaging. We first show that the limited view reconstruction and segmentation problem can be formulated as a 'constrained' version of the metric labeling problem. This lays the groundwork for a linear programming framework that brings metric labeling classification and classical algebraic tomographic reconstruction (ART) together in a unified model. If the imaged volume is known to be comprised of a finite set of attenuation coefficients (a realistic assumption), given a regular limited view reconstruction, we view it as a task of voxels reassignment subject to maximally maintaining consistency with the input reconstruction and the objective of ART simultaneously. The approach can reliably reconstruct (or segment) volumes with several multiple contrast objects. We present evaluations using experiments on cone beam computed tomography.