cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Secularization and Religious Change Among Elite Scientists: A Cross-Cohort Comparison

Sociologists of religion have often connected secularization to science, but have rarely examined the role of religion in the lives of scientists or how the sciences have changed religiously over time. Here we address this shortcoming by comparing religiosity between two samples of elite academic natural and social scientists, one in 1969 and one in 2005. Findings show an overall decline in religiosity among university scientists as well as a change in their religious composition. Attendance rates were lower for social scientists in 1969 compared to natural scientists, but in 2005 growing parity in attendance occurred between the two fields. Findings also show a decline in the proportion of Protestant scientists and a growth in Catholic scientists. Demographic factors associated with religiosity in the general population, with the exception of age and having children, had no impact among elite academic scientists. Overall, findings challenge and revise older studies on the role of religion in the lives of scientists. Specific results are connected to theories that pose science as a master identity, which may be mitigated by some institutionalized aspects of religion. They also lead to new directions in the sociology of religion that take seriously the role of religion in the lives of elites and connect societal religious changes to differences between institutional spheres, particularly those, such as the academy, that play a leadership role in society.
METÁFORAS OBSESIVAS: marcas del surrealismo en la construcción del discurso de Le Corbusier

Resumen: El reciente interes academico en el Movimiento surrealista constituye una revision de largo alcance, habiendose ampliado el campo de analisis con evidente ambicion multidisciplinar. Su estrategica relacion con otras disciplinas, la impostacion de sus derivas urbanas como practicas sociales y etnograficas, la profundizacion en las tecnicas de manipulacion de la fotografia y la escritura, la naturalizacion de la fragmentacion asociada al montaje y, finalmente, la revision de la imprecisa naturaleza del objeto surrealista en sus distintas versiones (objet trouve, objet a reaction poetique, objet-type, ready-made, etc.) y su funcion seminal en lo contemporaneo, facilitan un escenario de investigacion complejo y abierto. Un escenario en el que la obra de Le Corbusier se dibuja en una nueva perspectiva. Le Corbusier adopto tecnicas afines al surrealismo, como la fotografia, el montaje y el caligrama, con el objeto de ampliar el significado de los paradigmas asociados a la racionalidad productiva y tecnologica, en particular los que construyen el espacio domestico. El uso tales medios discursivos y de divulgacion asociados con el surrealismo facilito la contaminacion de su discurso con las estrategias desestabilizadoras y conflictivas caracteristicas del Movimiento. Abstract: The recent academic interest in the surrealist movement is a far-reaching review, having widened the scope of analysis with evident multidisciplinary ambition. Its strategic relationship with other disciplines, the imposture of their urban drifts as social and ethnographic practices, the deepening on the manipulation techniques of photography and writing, the naturalization of fragmentation associated with montage and, finally, the review of the imprecise nature of the Surrealist object in its different versions (objet trouve, objet a reaction poetique, objet-type, ready-made, etc.) and its seminal role in the contemporary facilitate an open and complex research scenario. A scenario within which the work of Le Corbusier is perceived in a new perspective. Le Corbusier adopted techniques related to surrealism, such as photography, montage, automatism and the calligram, in order to expand as well as undermine the meaning of canonical paradigms associated to productive and technological rationality, in particular those related to the domestic milieu. The use of such display of discursive instruments facilitated the contamination of his editorial and architectural work with the destabilizing and conflicting strategies that characterize the Movement. Palabras Clave: Surrealismo, metaforas obsesivas, montaje, automatismo, analogia, arbitrariedad. Keywords: Surrealism, obsessive metaphors, montage, automatism, analogy, arbitrariness. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.591
Retrospective Analysis Suggests BIT May Sensitively Diagnose “Where” Perceptual-Attentional Neglect, in Stroke Survivors Having Less Disability (P01.174)

Objective: To examine whether the CBS or BIT is potentially more sensitive to spatial disability, and whether the CBS better identifies spatial-motor exploratory symptoms. Background Spatial neglect, common after right stroke, is a failure to perceive or respond to contralesional stimuli, causing functional disability. It is strongly linked to adverse hospitalization and rehabilitation outcomes. Consistent assessment to identify survivors with spatial neglect for early treatment might reduce the cost of care, but it is unclear whether widely-used diagnostic tests such as the Catherine Bergego Scale (CBS) or the Behavioural Inattention Test (BIT) differ in identifying patients for treatment. We previously suggested that the CBS may be more sensitive to spatial-motor exploratory network dysfunction (Verdon et al., 2010) and disability (Goedert et al., in press). Design/Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of eighty-seven consecutive patients (mean age 65) screened for spatial neglect using conventional cut-off scores (BIT 11). Results: The CBS and BIT were very consistent in quantifying spatial neglect with a linear regression r = 0.7. After excluding patients falling within 5% of the cut-off to account for random variability, 64 survivors fell into three groups: those demonstrating neglect on BIT-only (n=7), CBS-only (n=1), or on both (n=56). We expected spatial motor-exploratory deficits may be more identified by the CBS, and more disabling. Indeed, patients in the BIT-only group were less disabled, with higher Barthel scores, and had less tactile extinction, consistent with previous characterization of “where” perceptual-attentional bias (Goedert et al., in press). Conclusions: Overall, the CBS and BIT were consistent and correlated when identifying spatial neglect. However, our data suggests that patients identified on the BIT alone may have primarily “where” perceptual-attentional symptoms, and may be less disabled. This may be important to assign treatments or predict recovery of specific tasks (e.g. driving). Supported by: Kessler Foundation, National Institutes of Health, Wallerstein Foundation for Geriatric Improvement. Disclosure: Dr. Chaudhari has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Goedert has nothing to disclose. Dr. Barrett has received personal compensation for activities with WebMD. Dr. Barrett has received research support from the Kessler Foundation, NIH, O9Brien Technologies, Pfizer/Eisai, and the Wallerstein Foundation for Geriatric Improvement.
Estrogen reduces mouse cerebral artery tone through endothelial NOS- and cyclooxygenase-dependent mechanisms.

Gender and estrogen status are known to influence the incidence and severity of cerebrovascular disease. The vasoprotective effects of estrogen are thought to include both nitric oxide-dependent an...
Challenges to striding Chinese medical equipment

New military transformation and modernization of Chinese army brings new challenges to medical equipment of PLA. This paper introduces challenges by development of science and technology, flourish of economy, medical reform and military transformation.
Discussion on Current Situation of Sports Stadium and Running Mode in China

Along with the reform of sports managerial system and running mechanism in China,the original system of the sports stadium that is invested,managed and given financial subsidy by the state has taken profound changes.Taking 2008 Olympic Games conference site hall project legal person tender as the symbol,Chinese stadium hall construction and the management entered market-oriented operation,fully used various of market-oriented finance channel and the way collection fund,encouraged the social organization to participate in stadium hall management,establishes the stadium hall new management model in the new stage.Therefore,through literature review,this paper analyzed the current situation of sports stadium and the current stadiums operation of confusion and proposed stadium operating mode of development trends.
A Network of One’s Own Young Women and the Creation of Youth-only Transnational Feminist Spaces

In the last decade, young people have been at the fore of spectacular global protests, from revolutions across North Africa to the Occupy Wall Street movements spreading across Europe and North America. Youth involvement in these protests has interested major media and the scholarly community, but few have thoroughly interrogated young women’s distinct formations of transnational, youth-only feminist networks. This study, which employed qualitative methods influenced by grounded theory, offers insight into the motivations and operations of five young women’s transnational feminist networks (TFNs). Key findings include young feminists’ articulations of encountering marginalization, both age and gender based, in existing and established networks, and creating ‘youth-only’ feminist networks in response. Coalescing around these experiences of marginalization, young women perceive their networks to constitute a ‘counter-public sphere’ through which they can engage in praxis-oriented discourses, and to constitu...
The role of socioeconomic status in the narrative story retells of school-aged english language learners

Purpose We examined the relationship between maternal level of education as an index of socioeconomic status (SES) on the narrative story retells of school-aged children who are English language le...
Mn-NHC Electrocatalysts: Increasing π Acidity Lowers the Reduction Potential and Increases the Turnover Frequency for CO2 Reduction

A new manganese(I) N-heterocyclic carbene electrocatalyst containing a benzimidazole–pyrimidine-based ligand is reported for the two-electron conversion of CO2. The increased π acidity of pyrimidine shifts the two-electron reduction to −1.77 V vs Fc/Fc+, 70 mV more positive than that for MnBr(2,2′-bipyridine)(CO)3; increased catalytic current enhancement is also observed (5.2× vs 2.1×). Theoretical analyses suggest that this heightened activity may follow from the preference for a reduction-first dehydroxylation mechanism.
Investigating gear and seasonal effects in experimental trawl surveys: The case of Galeus melastomus Rafinesque, 1810 (Chondrichthyes, Scyliorhinidae) in the South of Sicily (Central Mediterranean)

Abstract Mediterranean young-fish oriented experimental bottom trawl surveys represent a precious source of information on both past and current standing stocks and their life history traits and exploitation state. In the present note, taking the occasion of the same vessel employed in the South of Sicily (Central Mediterranean), an indirect approach has been implemented to compare MEDITS (Mediterranean International Bottom Trawl Survey) and GRUND (Gruppo Nazionale Demersali) abundance and biological features of the blackmouth catshark Galeus melastomus Rafinesque, 1810 to highlight gear and season effects if any. Data were gathered between 1994 and 2006, in spring-summer (MEDITS) and autumn (GRUND). The density and biomass indexes and occurrences were substantially lower in spring than in autumn. On the contrary, the biological traits were more similar, although significant differences were detected in the length frequency distribution. The homogeneity of life traits between seasons and the critical features showed in this study demonstrate that an annual experimental trawl survey can be enough to monitor G. melastomus. Similar analysis could be useful to highlight seasonal and gear effects on the other demersal stocks to better figure out limits and possibility of Mediterranean young-fish oriented experimental bottom trawl surveys data.
Why Amicus Curiae Cosigners Come and Go: A Dynamic Model of Interest Group Networks

Interest groups use coalition strategies to exert influence, yet, like other political actors, they also withdraw from partnerships in the pursuit of other policy goals. We explore how interest group coalition strategies have changed over time and which factors determine whether interest groups relationships form and dissolve. Utilizing dynamic networks of a panel of interest groups derived from cosigner status to United States Supreme Court amicus curiae briefs, we illuminate the evolution of the social networks of frequent signers from the 1970s to the present day. A separable temporal exponential random graph model (STERGM) shows that the number of partners is important for formation but not dissolution, while industrial homophily helps both to make and maintain connections. In addition, statistical trends suggest that while networks change, a few players have acted continuously as coordination hubs for the bulk of the decades. However, a number of other key players in particular decades would be missed without a dynamic perspective.
Resolving Heart Regeneration by Replacement Histone Profiling.

Chromatin regulation is a principal mechanism governing animal development, yet it is unclear to what extent structural changes in chromatin underlie tissue regeneration. Non-mammalian vertebrates such as zebrafish activate cardiomyocyte (CM) division after tissue damage to regenerate lost heart muscle. Here, we generated transgenic zebrafish expressing a biotinylatable H3.3 histone variant in CMs and derived cell-type-specific profiles of histone replacement. We identified an emerging program of putative enhancers that revise H3.3 occupancy during regeneration, overlaid upon a genome-wide reduction of H3.3 from promoters. In transgenic reporter lines, H3.3-enriched elements directed gene expression in subpopulations of CMs. Other elements increased H3.3 enrichment and displayed enhancer activity in settings of injury- and/or Neuregulin1-elicited CM proliferation. Dozens of consensus sequence motifs containing predicted transcription factor binding sites were enriched in genomic regions with regeneration-responsive H3.3 occupancy. Thus, cell-type-specific regulatory programs of tissue regeneration can be revealed by genome-wide H3.3 profiling.
Gain-dependent self-phasing in a coherently combined fiber laser with imbalanced losses

The individual beams in a coherently combined two-core fiber laser are influenced by mismatched loss and phase. Interplay between the gain-dependent (Kramers-Kronig) phase and gain saturation determines the complex fields. Experiment and theory are compared.
Time Domain Signal Processing with the DFT

Publisher Summary The discrete Fourier transform (DFT), implemented by one of the computationally efficient fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithms, has become the core of many digital signal processing systems. These systems can perform general time domain signal processing and classical frequency domain processing. This chapter describes some signal processing applications that use the DFT to perform specific time domain filtering tasks. Two basic filtering tasks can be performed with DFT: (1) convolution or correlation between two arbitrary arrays and (2) narrowband channelization. The DFT gives access to the computational efficiency of the FFT. Some perspectives have evolved that allow classical filtering operations to be implemented by the FFT. The chapter highlights these perspectives. It describes the way in which a judicious choice of window, overlap, block size, and circular indexing, coupled with simple pre- and postprocessing tasks, leads to use of the DFT to perform general time domain processing. It examines the way by which simple pre- and postprocessing tasks significantly enhance the degrees of freedom available to the designer of multichannel processors, the way by which processing parameters are coupled, and the way by which a choice of processing parameters impacts important system considerations such as total computational burden and classical fidelity measures such as channel crosstalk and noise levels.
Abstract P181: Myocardial Infarction Treatment: Gender Disparity

Purpose: Rapid time of reperfusion of the infarct-related artery is a key element in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (MI). Prompt recognition of MI can be challenging in women because of the frequency of atypical symptoms. Our purpose is to determine whether the time to coronary catheterization (cath) differs between men and women. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of all patients admitted at an academic medical center for whom troponin (cTn) levels were measured between 2004 and 2010. ICD9 codes were used to identify patients with MI. Chi-square and Wilcoxon-rank sum test were used to compare demographic and clinical characteristics between genders. Multiple linear regression (MLR) was used to predict time to cath according to gender after adjusting for kidney function, age, race, diabetes, hypertension, cTn levels and type of MI: ST-segment elevation (STEMI) or non-ST elevation (NSTEMI). We examined the interaction between type of MI and gender. Results: Our study population included 2354 patients with MI who had a cath. Among them 31.4% were women, 38.4% were older than 65 years, 11.7% black. Women were older than men (mean age 65.2 versus 59.6, p 2 (30.9% versus 16.0%, p Conclusion: Appropriate treatment seems to be delayed in women with NSTEMI. Reason for this treatment disparity should be elucidated.
Venous Hypertension of Hand Associated with Arteriovenous Fistula

This chapter discusses the case of a hemodialysis patient with a radial-cephalic fistula in his left arm forearm. The patient was referred to the access center because of hand symptoms.
Reliability analysis of state transportation network under path failure strategies (wip)

Transportation in the form of passenger or non-passenger (freight) services forms the backbone of any economy. In either case, the transportation network plays a very important role. Hence, ensuring the network stays resilient all the time, especially in the face of challenges such as heavy traffic loads and large-scale natural disasters, is of utmost importance. In this study, a network model is developed to calculate reliability by considering the critical paths of a transportation network using the UCINET simulation tool. The implementation of this network model used two path failure strategies (selective and random) using the Betweenness Centrality as a metric. Our preliminary results show that the UCINET tool can be used to successfully estimate the reliability and to further identify the critical paths of a highway transportation network in California.
Weak vaccinia virus-induced NK cell regulation of CD4 T cells is associated with reduced NK cell differentiation and cytolytic activity

Natural killer (NK) cells control antiviral adaptive immune responses in mice during some virus infections, but the universality of this phenomenon remains unknown. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection of mice triggered potent cytotoxic activity of NK cells (NKLCMV) against activated CD4 T cells, tumor cells, and allogeneic lymphocytes. In contrast, NK cells activated by vaccinia virus (VACV) infection (NKVACV) exhibited weaker cytolytic activity against each of these target cells. Relative to NKLCMV cells, NKVACV cells exhibited a more immature (CD11b-CD27+) phenotype, and lower expression levels of the activation marker CD69, cytotoxic effector molecules (perforin, granzyme B), and the transcription factor IRF4. NKVACV cells expressed higher levels of the inhibitory molecule NKG2A than NKLCMV cells. Consistent with this apparent lethargy, NKVACV cells only weakly constrained VACV-specific CD4 T-cell responses. This suggests that NK cell regulation of adaptive immunity, while universal, may be limited with viruses that poorly activate NK cells.
Hybrid lattices and thin subgroups of Picard modular groups

Abstract We consider a certain hybridization construction which produces a subgroup of PU ( n , 1 ) from a pair of lattices in PU ( n − 1 , 1 ) . Among the Picard modular groups PU ( 2 , 1 , O d ) , we show that the hybrid of pairs of Fuchsian subgroups PU ( 1 , 1 , O d ) is a lattice when d = 1 and d = 7 , and a geometrically infinite thin subgroup when d = 3 , that is an infinite-index subgroup with the same Zariski-closure as the full lattice.
A Compositional Connectionist Architecture

CompoNet is a connectionist architecture that facilitates modular knowledge composition. The network uses multiplicative links to control modular activations, as well as to dynamically recruit hidden units. Multiple relations between different sets of units can be loaded onto the same network at different time. Relations added later to the network can take advantage of established mappings and hidden unit representations, without disturbing previous trainings.
Latest Developments in Quantum Tomography

Latest developments in quantum tomography are presented. The method for measuring the state of radiation is derived in a simple group-theoretical framework that allows generalization to arbitrary quantum systems. Some recently developed topics are synthetically reviewed, including tomography of many radiation modes using only one local oscillator, generalization to TV-level systems, and new “adaptive” techniques for noise reduction. A set of newly proposed experiments is presented, based on a conditioned tomographic technique.
Imaging of Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in the Full-Term Neonate

■ Clinical neurological evaluation of the neonate with depression and/or encephalopathy is nonspecific. The neonatal course may suggest hypoxic-ischemic insult but the clinical examination cannot fully evaluate the extent or severity of the brain injury (moderate evidence).
Raman Spectroscopy of Membrane Constituents and Related Molecules

The Raman effect was discovered a half century ago, but only in the last ten years has it been applied effectively to biological problems. The development of the continuous-wave laser has been responsible for most of these applications. For a time after this development it was fashionable to denote Raman spectra produced by laser excitation as “laser Raman spectra”. Because it seems unlikely that Raman spectra will be excited by any other than laser sources in the future, in the present chapter the terms “Raman effect”, “Raman spectra”, and the like will not be modified by the prefix “laser”, and it will be understood that lasers are used as the source of excitation. The rapid growth of biological Raman spectroscopy that followed the development of the laser has resulted in a bibliography with few references prior to 1967.
Data Mining for Diverse E-Commerce Applications

In their effort to incorporate electronic commerce capabilities, many organizations have established comprehensive data warehouses to integrate operational data with customers, suppliers, and other channel partners. Emerging data mining techniques enable organizations to prioritize and structure information from these warehouses. Through its discovery of changes, associations, rules, anomalies, and patterns, data mining can lead to significant business benefits when combined with current information systems. This chapter illustrates the pivotal role that data mining plays in an electronic commerce environment by highlighting two case studies in which neural network-based data mining techniques were used for inventory optimization. Issues such as automated identification of input-output lags, data augmentation, and optimal neural network architectures are discussed.
Hispanic ‘personal parishes’ in the contemporary U.S. Catholic Church

U.S. Catholicism spawned hundreds of national ("personal") parishes, most serving early European immigrants. Hispanics' later population growth, by contrast, coincided with Church leaders' emphasis on integrated, territorial parishes. This paper examines more recent practice around personal parishes with explicit, named service to Hispanic Catholics. One in six new personal parishes serves Hispanics. Hispanic personal parishes' minimal presence among American dioceses, however, does not mirror Hispanics' larger presence among Catholics overall. Findings from an original National Study of Personal Parishes reveal commonalities in diocesan explanations for establishing - or not establishing - Hispanic personal parishes. Personal parishes operate as an alternative, non-assimilative parish structure alongside the "ideal" of an integrated, territorial parish.
Finite Element Methods

Once the possibility of computers was foreseen, the engineering community turned its attention to solving complex elasticity and structural analysis problems rather than depending on an approximate strength of materials approach. It also allowed the engineering community to depend less on factors of a safety approach and to remove or reduce to a considerable extent the unknown factors and thus render more accurate designs. Finite element methods allowing more accurate predictions reduced costly experimentation and introduced simulation, thus achieving cheaper but more accurate designs before testing prototypes.
Cellular Imaging Using Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy

Cellular imaging is an active area of research that enables researchers to monitor cellular dynamics, as well as responses to various external stimuli (physiological stress, exogenous compounds, etc.). Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is one popular experimental tool used to image cells, largely because of its chemical specificity, high spatial resolution, and high image acquisition speed. In this Perspective, the theoretical background and experimental implementation of SRS microscopy are discussed and recent developments in the field of cellular imaging with SRS are highlighted and summarized.
Developmental disfluency and emerging grammar. I. Disfluency characteristics in early syntactic utterances.

Approximately 47,200 spontaneous utterances of four nonstuttering children were analyzed for the occurrence of developmental disfluency from the time of one-word utterances through the emergence of...
Trends and determinants of drinking water practices among North Carolina children.

OBJECTIVES To identify trends and determinants of drinking water practices [bottled (BW) versus community water (CW) consumption] among families of pediatric patients presenting to an academic dental institution over 15 years. METHODS Electronic health record data were obtained for all first-time routine-care patients ages 0-16 presenting to UNC-Chapel Hill's Pediatric Dentistry Clinics from 2002 to 2016, including families' primary drinking water source and patient demographics (e.g., age, gender, residence, insurance status). Data analyses included descriptive and bivariate methods and multivariable modeling using a P < 0.05 statistical significance criterion. RESULTS BW consumption has increased over time, from 17 percent in 2004 to 42 percent in 2016 (n = 2,920; P < 0.05). Medicaid-enrolled children [prevalence ratio (PR) = 2.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.8-2.4] and residents of rural counties (PR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.1-1.5) were significantly more likely to consume BW versus CW. CONCLUSIONS BW consumption among NC children has been increasing and is most prevalent among low-income families and in rural areas.
The impact of anatomic, patient and surgical factors on membrane perforation during lateral wall sinus floor elevation.

OBJECTIVES This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the influence of anatomical, patient and surgical factors on the occurrence of membrane perforation (MP) during lateral window sinus floor elevation (LWSFE). MATERIAL AND METHODS A review of LWSFE patient records between 2014 and 2019 accounted for MP occurrence, window surface area (WSA), intravenous sedation use, osteotomy instrument type and clinician experience. Preoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were analyzed for lateral wall thickness (LWT), LFM and LAM angles formed between lateral and medial walls at the floor and anterior wall, respectively, sinus width at 5-, 10- and 15-mm (LM-5, LM-10 and LM-15) from the floor, residual bone height (RBH), sinus pathologies, septa and arterial anastomoses. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach with a sandwich variance-covariance estimator was used to evaluate the associations with MP. RESULTS MP occurred in 25.74% of 202 LWSFE procedures (166 patients). Mean 1.6 mm-LWT, 3.2 mm-RBH, 95°-LFM, 75.5°-LAM, 12 mm-LM-5, 20.79% septa, 16.83% arterial anastomosis, 37.62% sinus pathology and 29.21% intravenous sedations, 85.24% WSA ≥ 40 mm2 and 57% >10 procedures/clinician were reported. Greater MP rates were encountered as follows: 38.3% (LWT ≥ 1.5 mm), 38% (LFM 80 mm2 ), with statistically significant associations with all these outcomes (p < .05). The presence of pathologies was also associated with MP (p = .013). Associations between MP and the presence of septa and arterial anastomoses, age/gender, right/left sinus, RBH, clinician's experience, instrument type and intravenous sedation use could not be demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS MP is significantly associated with thicker lateral walls, narrower sinuses, larger windows and existing sinus pathology.
Polymorphisms in SLC44A1 are associated with cognitive improvement in children diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: an exploratory study of oral choline supplementation.

Background The essential nutrient choline provides one-carbon units for metabolite synthesis and epigenetic regulation in tissues including brain. Dietary choline intake is often inadequate, and higher intakes are associated with improved cognitive function. Objective Choline supplements confer cognitive improvement for those diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), a common set of neurodevelopmental impairments; however, the effect sizes have been modest. In this retrospective analysis, we report that genetic polymorphisms affecting choline utilization are associated with cognitive improvement following choline intervention. Methods Fifty-two children from the upper midwestern United States and diagnosed with FASD, ages 2-5 y, were randomly assigned to receive choline (500 mg/d; n = 26) or placebo (n = 26) for 9 mo, and were genotyped for 384 choline-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Memory and cognition were assessed at enrollment, study terminus, and at 4-y follow-up for a subset. Results When stratified by intervention (choline vs. placebo), 14-16 SNPs within the cellular choline transporter gene solute carrier family 44 member 1 (SLC44A1) were significantly associated with performance in an elicited imitation sequential memory task, wherein the effect alleles were associated with the greatest pre-/postintervention improvement. Of these, rs3199966 is a structural variant (S644A) and rs2771040 is a single-nucleotide variant within the 3' untranslated region of the plasma membrane isoform. An additive genetic model best explained the genotype associations. Lesser associations were observed for cognitive outcome and polymorphisms in flavin monooxygenase-3 (FMO3), methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-1 (MTHFD1), fatty acid desaturase-2 (FADS2), and adiponectin receptor 1 (ADIPOR1). Conclusions These SLC44A1 variants were previously associated with greater vulnerability to choline deficiency. Our data potentially support the use of choline supplements to improve cognitive function in individuals diagnosed with FASD who carry these effect alleles. Although these findings require replication in both retrospective and prospective confirmatory trials, they emphasize the need to incorporate similar genetic analyses of choline-related polymorphisms in other FASD-choline trials, and to test for similar associations within the general FASD population. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01149538.
123 Kentucky's equine markets amidst COVID-19

COVID-19 pandemic-related restrictions on society have resulted in a recession, which is commonly defined as 2 consecutive quarters of decline in GDP (gross domestic product) growth. Restrictions within the equine industry have varied, with some governments mandating the closure of equine facilities to reduce the spread of the virus and minimize the chance of injuries, while others provided health guidelines and assigned responsibility to equine operation owners/managers. Because the equine industry is one of the most important sectors in Kentucky's agricultural economy, understanding the potential impact of COVID-19 on Kentucky's equine markets is vital. To that end, in this study we examined short run COVID-19 impacts on Kentucky's equine markets. In particular, we focused on 2 segments of the industry associated with vigorous business activities. First, we examined how Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse breeding activity and auction markets have responded to general market changes precipitated by COVID-19 restrictions. Second, we investigated the effect of COVID-related regulations on equine enterprises, including stallion farms, boarding/training/lesson operations (BTLO's) and competition enterprises. To achieve the first objective, for the calendar year 2020, we collected and analyzed data on number of mares bred, stud fees, and auction results. To accomplish the second objective, we designed and distributed a survey to 280 commercial equine enterprise owners/managers across the state. Data were collected between November 30, 2020, and January 11, 2021, and the average response rate was about 25%. Preliminary results from the first objective suggest that while there are downward trends in breeding activities and mean auction prices, few of those short-run declines are statistically significant. For the second objective, survey results suggest at least minimal impacts on most commercial enterprises. About 46% of stallion farms reported anticipate revenues losses of 10% or less, but about 23% expect revenue losses of 26 to 50%. Just under 60% of BTLO's anticipate a revenue loss of 10% or less, while about 10% expect a loss of more than 50%. The most damaging effects appear to have been experienced by competition enterprises. About 35% expect only minimal revenue losses, while nearly 40% expect losses of $50,000 or more. Overall, results from our study suggest that with the exception of competition-related enterprises, Kentucky's commercial equine enterprises may have avoided serious short run impacts; however, it will be some time before the long run impact of COVID-19 related restrictions on the industry can be fully determined.
Studies in the Lateglacial of North-West Europe: Including Papers Presented at a Symposium of the Quaternary Research Association Held at University College, London, January 1979, the Winters of the World: Earth under the Ice Ages, Kosciusko Alpine Flora, Lichens of the Alaskan Arctic Slope, the Archaeology of Cape Nome, Alaska

(1981). Studies in the Lateglacial of North-West Europe: Including Papers Presented at a Symposium of the Quaternary Research Association Held at University College, London, January 1979, the Winters of the World: Earth under the Ice Ages, Kosciusko Alpine Flora, Lichens of the Alaskan Arctic Slope, the Archaeology of Cape Nome, Alaska. Arctic and Alpine Research: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 113-116.
Genome-Scale Metabolic Model Accurately Predicts Fermentation of Glucose by Chromochloris zofingiensis

Algae have the potential to be sources of renewable fuels and chemicals. One particular strain, Chromochloris zofingiensis, is of interest due to the co-production of triacylglycerols (TAGs) and astaxanthin, a valuable nutraceutical. To aid in future engineering efforts, we have developed the first genome-scale metabolic model on C. zofingiensis, iChr1925. This model includes 1925 genes, 3481 metabolic reactions and 2778 metabolites. The model was used to predict flux distributions for three different growth conditions: autotrophic, mixotrophic and heterotrophic growth. The model predicted production of fermentation products for growth on glucose due to overflow metabolism and we confirmed this via metabolomics analysis of the spent medium. The metabolic network robustness of Chromochloris zofingiensis was also evaluated by conducting an in silico gene essentiality analysis. This work lays a foundation for future endeavors in the metabolic engineering of this unique organism.
Intrusion Detection from Synchrophasor Data propagation using Cyber Physical Platform

Some of the recent reports show that Power Grid is a target of attack and gradually the need for understanding the security of Grid network is getting a prime focus. The Department of Homeland Security has imposed focus on Cyber Threats on Power Grid in their "Cyber Security Strategy,2018" [1] . DHS has focused on innovations to manage risk attacks on Power System based national resources. Power Grid is a cyber physical system which consists of power flow and data transmission. The important part of a microgrid is the two-way power flow which makes the system complex on monitoring and control. In this paper, we have tried to study different types of attacks which change the data propagation of Synchrophasor, network communication interruption behavior and find the data propagation scenario due to attack. The focus of the paper is to develop a platform for Synchrophasor based data network attack study which is a part of Microgrid design. Different types of intrusion models were studied to observe change in Synchrophasor data pattern which will help for further prediction to improve Microgrid resiliency for different types of cyber-attack.
Quaternary chronology and rock uplift recorded by marine terraces, Gaviota coast, Santa Barbara County, California, USA

The Transverse Ranges of southern California are a region of active transpression on the western margin of North America that hosts some of the world’s highest uplift rates at the Ventura anticline. Yet, the manner in which rock uplift rates change along strike from Ventura to the westernmost Transverse Ranges and the structures that may be responsible for this uplift remain unclear. Here, we quantified rock uplift rates within the westernmost 60 km of the Transverse Ranges by obtaining new age constraints from raised beach and shoreface deposits from marine terraces along the Gaviota coast. Twelve radiocarbon (seven sites) and eight luminescence (six sites) ages, ranging from ca. 50 to 40 k.y. B.P. and ca. 56 to 43 ka, respectively, consistently suggest that the first emergent terrace dates to marine isotope stage (MIS) 3, rather than MIS 5a as previously reported for the western Gaviota coast. These younger ages yield rock uplift rates between 0.8 ± 0.3 and 1.8 ± 0.4 m/k.y., i.e., over five times higher than previous estimates for this region. The spatial distribution of rock uplift rates and the abrupt along-strike changes in marine terrace elevations favor a regional tectonic model with a step-wise change in rock uplift across the south branch of the Santa Ynez fault. The south branch of the Santa Ynez fault appears to separate two regional tectonic blocks, characterized by rock uplift rates of ∼1.3−1.6 m/k.y. to the east and slightly lower rates to the west (∼0.8−1.4 m/k.y.). Our observations suggest that coastal rock uplift is primarily accommodated by deeply rooted far-field structures such as the offshore Pitas Point−North Channel fault system and the Santa Ynez fault, and that smaller through-going structures impart second-order controls and locally accommodate short-wavelength ( 1 m/k.y.) rock uplift rates at a significant distance (>50 km) from the rapidly uplifting (6−7 m/k.y.) Ventura anticline, and >100 km from the prominent restraining bend (“Big Bend”) in the San Andreas fault. The new constraints on the geometry of Quaternary-active structures and regional rates of fault-related deformation have implications for regional earthquake source models and seismic hazard assessment in the highly populated southern California coast region.
Mobile Health Apps for Pregnant Women: Systematic Search, Evaluation, and Analysis of Features.

Background: Many pregnant women use the internet to obtain information about pregnancy and childbirth. Over 50% of pregnant women use pregnancy apps and must search through thousands of pregnancy or women’s health–related apps available on app stores. The COVID-19 pandemic is changing how women receive prenatal care. Mobile health apps may help maintain women’s satisfaction with their prenatal care. Objective: Our objective is to identify pregnancy mobile apps and to evaluate the apps using a modified APPLICATIONS (app comprehensiveness, price, privacy, literature used, in-app purchases, connectivity, advertisements, text search field, images/videos, other special features, navigation ease, subjective presentation) scoring system. Methods: A list of pregnancy apps was identified in the first 20 Google search results using the search term “pregnancy app.” After excluding irrelevant, inaccurate, malfunctioning, or no longer available apps, all unique apps were downloaded and evaluated with the modified APPLICATIONS scoring system, which includes both objective and subjective criteria and evaluation of special features. Results: A list of 57 unique pregnancy apps was generated. After 28 apps were excluded, the remaining 29 apps were evaluated, with a mean score of 9.4 points out of a maximum of 16. The highest scoring app scored 15 points. Over 60% (18/29) of apps did not have comprehensive information for every stage of pregnancy or did not contain all four desired components of pregnancy apps: health promotion/patient education, communication, health tracking, and notifications and reminders. Only 24% (7/29) of apps included a text search field, and only 28% (8/29) of apps cited literature. Conclusions: Our search yielded many high-scoring apps, but few contained all desired components and features. This list of identified and rated apps can lessen the burden on pregnant women and providers to find available apps on their own. Although health care providers should continue to vet apps before recommending them to patients, these findings also highlight that a Google search is a successful way for patients and providers to find useful and comprehensive pregnancy apps.
A Change from a Spinal Immobilization to a Spinal Motion Restriction Protocol was Not Associated with an Increase in Disabling Spinal Cord Injuries.

BACKGROUND Over the past decade, Emergency Medical Service (EMS) systems decreased backboard use as they transition from spinal immobilization (SI) protocols to spinal motion restriction (SMR) protocols. Since this change, no study has examined its effect on the neurologic outcomes of patients with spine injuries. OBJECTIVES The object of this study is to determine if a state-wide protocol change from an SI to an SMR protocol had an effect on the incidence of disabling spinal cord injuries. METHODS This was a retrospective review of patients in a single Level I trauma center before and after a change in spinal injury protocols. A two-step review of the record was used to classify spinal cord injuries as disabling or not disabling. A binary logistic regression was used to determine the effects of protocol, gender, age, level of injury, and mechanism of injury (MOI) on the incidence of significant disability from a spinal cord injury. RESULTS A total of 549 patients in the SI period and 623 patients in the SMR period were included in the analysis. In the logistic regression, the change from an SI protocol to an SMR protocol did not demonstrate a significant effect on the incidence of disabling spinal injuries (OR: 0.78; 95% CI, 0.44 - 1.36). CONCLUSION This study did not demonstrate an increase in disabling spinal cord injuries after a shift from an SI protocol to an SMR protocol. This finding, in addition to existing literature, supports the introduction of SMR protocols and the decreased use of the backboard.
The psychological effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural appalachian nurses

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected all individuals around the globe, spreading rapidly in late 2019. Confirmed cases of COVID-19 continue to be on the rise causing healthcare facilities to be overwhelmed. In the Appalachian region of the US, the pandemic has been devastating for the community. Healthcare workers on the frontline have had to respond to the pandemic by working directly with patients infected in both the hospital and community setting and have placed themselves and their families at risk of physical and psychological harm. Nurses are especially at risk due to their close personal contact with patients with COVID-19. The aim of this study was to assess the psychological impact of the pandemic on rural Appalachian nurses working directly with patients with COVID-19 in the acute care hospital setting. A cross-sectional design was utilized for this study. The Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21) was administered to 77 nurses. The results of the study found that 66.3% of the nurses self-reported their level of depression between a moderate to extremely severe level when caring for COVID-19 patients. In addition, 72.8% of participants reported their anxiety level between moderate to extremely severe and finally, 58.5% reported their stress levels between moderate to extremely severe during this time period. Based on the results of this study, it is imperative that healthcare facilities develop strategies and interventions to address the physical and mental health needs of nurses caring for patients in these stressful work environments.
Strangeness Electro- and Photo-Production at CEBAF

Strange-particle physics can extend our understanding of nuclear and nucleonic structure and reaction mechanisms. Numerous experiments at CEBAF will investigate strangeness in elementary production and nuclear reactions. The established program includes the study of hyperon electromagnetic decays, the elementary photo- and electro-production of hyperons on nucleons and light nuclei, and the electroproduction of light hypernuclear species. There are relevant experiments planned in all three experimental halls at CEBAF; advances made possible by these new facilities are discussed.
Hydrostatic Adjustment Time of the Solar Subconvective Layer

One objection that has been raised against the suggestion that the solar cycle is driven by magnetohydromagnetic activity below the convective zone is that the Kelvin-Helmholtz time is a million years. In fact, as is argued here, the subconvective layer adjusts its hydrostatic structure in response to highly nonradial disturbances in a few years.
The copolymerization of 2‐methyl‐5‐vinylpyridine1

The bulk copolymerization reactions of 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine(MVP) with styrene(St), methyl methacrylate(MMA), methyl acrylate(MA), and acrylonitrile(AN) at 60°C. have been investigated. The copolymer compositions were estimated by means of electrometric titrations in a nonaqueous solvent mixture. The monomer reactivity ratios of the following systems were determined: St/MVP (r1 = 0.812 ± 0.005; r2 = 0.91 ± 0.02), MMA/MVP (r1 = 0.46 ± 0.02; r2 = 0.61 ± 0.08), MA/MVP (r1 = 0.172 ± 0.007; r2 = 0.88 ± 0.10), and AN/MVP (r1 = 0.116 ± 0.003; r2 = 0.27 ± 0.04). Moreover the Q- and e-values were calculated for the methyl vinylpyridine and its behavior in copolymerization is discussed. Die Copolymerisation des 2-Methyl-5-vinylpyridins mit Styrol(St), Methacrylsaure-methylester(MMA), Acrylsauremethylester(MA) und Acrylnitril(AN) bei 60°C wird untersucht. Zur Bestimmung der Zusammensetzungen der Copolymeren wird die elektrometrische Analyse in der Mischung von nichtwasrigen Losungen verwendet. Die Copolymerisationsparameter folgender Systeme werden bestimmt: St/MVP (r1 = 0,812 ± 0,005; r2 = 0,91 ± 0,02); MMA/MVP (r1 = 0,46 ± 0,02; r2 = 0,61 ± 0,08); MA/MVP (r1 = 0,172 ± 0,007; r2 = 0,88 ± 0,10) und AN/MVP (r1 = 0,116 ± 0,003; r2 = 0,27 ± 0,04). Ferner werden die Q- und e-Werte fur 2-Methyl-5-vinylpyridin berechnet und sein Verhalten bei der Copolymerisation diskutiert.