cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Peritoneal carcinomatosis of unknown primary site, a study of 25 patients over 30 years.

Abstract Introduction Peritoneal carcinomatosis may be diagnosed by cytology or CT-guided biopsy, but routine radiologic and endoscopic workup not reveal a primary site. The clinical condition is referred to as peritoneal carcinomatosis of unknown primary site. Methods Over a 30-year time interval all patients treated with an initial diagnosis of carcinomatosis of unknown primary site were managed on a special clinical pathway. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, colonoscopy, and abdominal and pelvic CT were performed. Immunostains suggested a gastrointestinal origin of the carcinomatosis. After these tests, exploratory laparotomy was performed. Results Twenty-five patients fulfilled the criteria for peritoneal carcinomatosis of unknown primary site and all 25 of these patients underwent an exploratory laparotomy. Special attention to the anatomic site of the appendix occurred during the exploratory laparotomy. No site within the gastrointestinal tract including a non-cancerous appendix was observed in 9 patients (36%). In 7 patients (28%), the carcinomatosis was so extensive that an adequate exploration to determine a primary site was not possible. In a third group of 9 patients (36%), exploratory laparotomy revealed an occult appendiceal malignancy. Conclusion Peritoneal carcinomatosis of unknown primary site was caused by an occult appendiceal adenocarcinoma in 36% of our patients. This error in diagnosis may lead to suboptimal treatment. Surgical exploration to visualize the anatomic site of the appendix should occur prior to making a definitive diagnosis of peritoneal carcinomatosis of unknown primary site.
Heterogeneous Trajectories of Problematic Alcohol Use, Depressive Symptoms, and their Co-Occurrence in Young Adults with and without Childhood ADHD

The literature is inconsistent regarding whether childhood ADHD confers risk for adulthood problematic alcohol use, depressive symptoms, and their co-occurrence. These inconsistencies could be due to meaningful heterogeneity in the adulthood outcomes of children with ADHD that were obscured in traditional group-based analyses. The current study tested this possibility, as well as the contribution of adulthood ADHD symptom persistence, in order to clarify long-term risk in this population. Children diagnosed with ADHD and demographically-similar children without ADHD were followed longitudinally into adulthood and repeatedly assessed on heavy drinking, alcohol problems, and depressive symptoms from ages 21–29 (84.1% White (not Hispanic); 86.9% male; 51.2% childhood ADHD; 14.7% adulthood-persistent ADHD; N = 320). Group-based multi-trajectory modeling identified six groups with different combinations of trajectories across these variables. Heterogeneous longitudinal outcomes for those with ADHD were found. Some children with ADHD showed increased risk as typically predicted, with a higher likelihood of membership in a group with stable-moderate alcohol outcomes and stable-severe depression (adulthood persistent ADHD also predicted this group), whereas some children with ADHD were more likely to belong to a group with virtually no alcohol outcomes and low depression. Additionally, adulthood persistent ADHD predicted membership in a group with stable-severe alcohol outcomes and stable-moderate depression. Given the severity associated with co-occurring alcohol and depressive disorders, studies of early risk and protective factors and long-term outcomes for these disparate trajectory patterns are needed, particularly for those with childhood and persisting ADHD.
Preclinical studies investigating the neural mechanisms involved in the co-morbidity of migraine and temporomandibular disorders: the role of CGRP.

Background and purpose Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and migraine can be co-morbid. This can be a significant factor in exacerbating and increasing the prevalence of migraine-like symptoms. However, the underlying mechanisms involved are unknown. Our objective was to investigate these neural mechanisms and the role of CGRP as a key modulator in this co-morbidity. Experimental approach We combined experimental approaches using CGRP, which triggers a migraine-like response in patients, with that of masseteric muscle injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), to model myofascial TMD-like inflammation. Using validated electrophysiological methods to assess each of the above approaches independently or in combination, we examined their effects on the response properties of migraine-like dural-trigeminocervical neurons. Key results Independently, in ~2/3 of animals (rats) each approach caused delayed migraine-like activation and sensitisation of dural-trigeminocervical neurons. The response to masseteric-CFA was attenuated by a selective CGRP receptor antagonist. The combination approach caused a migraine-like neuronal response in all animals tested, with somatosensory-evoked cranial hypersensitivity significantly exacerbated. Conclusion and implications The data demonstrate a neuronal phenotype that translates to the exacerbated clinical co-morbid phenotype, supporting this combination approach as a relevant model to study the mechanisms involved. It provides a pathophysiological rationale for this exacerbated phenotype, strongly implicating the involvement of CGRP. The results provide support for targeting the CGRP pathway as a novel monotherapy approach for treating this co-morbid condition. This has key implications into our understanding of this co-morbid condition, as well as potentially addressing the major unmet need for novel and effective therapeutic approaches.
Waste heat recovery in commercial gas-fired tumble dryers

Abstract Thermal drying is energy intensive due to the unavoidable thermodynamic constraint of supplying sufficient energy to evaporate the water (hfg > 2000 kJ kg−1). Textile dryers only use about half (∼55%) of the total input energy for drying. To reduce the wasted energy, exhaust gas recirculation and waste heat recovery using a recuperative heat exchanger are investigated numerically and experimentally. The two methods aim to recover energy from the exhaust stream typically at T
Risk-Based Dynamic Asset Allocation withExtreme Tails and Correlations

Wang, Sullivan, and Ge propose a unique dynamic portfolio construction framework that improves portfolio performance by adjusting asset allocation in accordance with a forecast of market risk. They find that modifying asset allocation according to a market risk barometer offers investors the promising opportunity to meaningfully enhance portfolio performance across market environments.
Design selection of a fully-implantable and optically-transduced glucose biosensor via Monte Carlo modeling

Remote and continuous blood glucose monitoring is a highly researched topic due to the prevalence of diabetes. In addition to being the 7th leading cause of death, diabetes features high comorbidity rates involving chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and kidney disease. This is in part due to poor monitoring of blood glucose levels, especially amongst the medically underserved who lack regular physician access. Optical signal transduction via a fully implantable biosensor is a promising way to provide necessary disease monitoring due to potential for low cost, longer lifetime and lack of transcutaneous components. Such a sensor would enable administration through a syringe and thus allow other healthcare workers to administer the biosensor- expanding access. However, light transport through turbid media such as skin features many absorptive and scattering events that lower assay efficacy. One such way to increase signal is the inclusion of multiple sensing modalities and rational design selection. Here, we present design selection for a multimodal and fully implantable glucose biosensor. First, three designs are postulated, then their fluorescence is simulated via Monte Carlo Modeling. The best performing design is then further improved upon by determining the number of needed repeating units as well as length. Overall, it was determined that a stacked cylinder design, 0.43cm in length with 0.036cm thick repeating units provides the best fluorescent signal. Future work should involve the experimental validation of this model, as well as the inclusion of the sensing modalities so that an exact response can be estimated.
Transgenerational plasticity in the eye size of Daphnia .

It is well established that environmental signals can induce phenotypic responses that persist for multiple generations. The induction of such 'transgenerational plasticity' (TGP) depends upon the ability of organisms to accurately receive and process information from environmental signals. Thus, sensory systems are likely intertwined with TGP. Here we tested the link between an environmental stressor and transgenerational responses in a component of the sensory system (eye size) that is linked to enhanced vision and ecologically relevant behaviours. We reared 45 clones of Daphnia pulicaria in the presence and absence of a low-quality resource (cyanobacteria) and evaluated shifts in relative eye size in offspring. Our results revealed divergent shifts in relative eye size within- and across-generations. Parental Daphnia that were fed cyanobacteria produced a smaller eye than Daphnia fed high-quality algae. Such differences were then reversed in the offspring generation; Daphnia whose mothers were fed cyanobacteria produced larger eyes than Daphnia that were continually fed green algae. We discuss the extent to which this maternal effect on eye size is an adaptive response linked to improved foraging.
The Dark Web and anonymizing technologies: legal pitfalls, ethical prospects, and policy directions from radical criminology

Although, in recent years, research surrounding the Dark Web has emerged, governments, policymakers, and stakeholders still lack a firm grasp on the extent of the Dark Web’s pitfalls and prospects, bringing the development of legal policy and ethical practice in this area to an alarming halt. To worsen matters, with each day that accountability institutions fail to implement sound legislation to combat the negative side effects and to bolster the positive influences of the Dark Web, the further behind society falls in adequately responding to this mysterious culture and underground world. Accordingly, this article intends to preliminarily address three principal matters. First, it offers a cogent assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of the Dark Web and its anonymizing technologies in order to better predict potential consequences derived from its use and/or regulation. Second, it endeavors to better educate government officials on the legal challenges and ethical benefits that follow from this assessment in order to facilitate the administration of justice. Third, it proposes policy directions from a conflict-informed radical criminology sufficient to rethink future Dark Web activity, including its misuses and abuses. To contextualize these matters, however, the article begins with an overview of the Dark Web and its related anonymizing technologies.
Surface Analysis using Energetic Ions

The surface and near-surface properties of solid materials are of great importance in modern technology. Whereas the surface and near-surface properties of a solid may not be as predictable from a theoretical standpoint, nor as easy to calculate from a numerical standpoint, as the bulk properties of a solid, they affect the manner in which that material interacts with the outside world. Material properties, such as catalytic behavior, reactivity, and resistance to corrosion, and frictional wear are all determined in large part by the properties of surfaces. Realization of the importance of surface properties has led to the development of a great variety of surface characterization techniques. Many of these modern techniques are relatively well known and widely used; Auger spectroscopy and electron microprobe analysis are two such techniques. A class of techniques whose capabilities are not as widely appreciated utilizes energetic ions to analyze surface layers of materials. These energetic ion analysis techniques all depend on the interactions between a beam of energetic ions and the atoms of the target material being studied, which until quite recently were the exclusive domain of the low-energy nuclear and atomic physicists.
Site in Cell-free Protein Synthesis Sensitive to Diphtheria Toxin

The effects of diphtheria toxin on cell-free protein synthesis in a bacterial system, and preparations obtained from animals that were sensitive and resistant to toxin were examined. In the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), toxin inhibited the incorporation of amino acids by endogenous and synthetic polynucleotides in both rat liver and guinea pig liver cell-free systems that were exposed to 6 Lf units per ml of toxin. A cell-free system derived from Streptococcus faecalis was resistant to high concentrations of toxin. Dialyzed toxin-antitoxin floccules that are formed in the presence of NAD and the 105,000 x g supernatant fluid from rat liver contain NAD. Such floccules are also active in protein synthesis in the absence of added transferase I or II. An operational model presents the view that the intoxication complex is formed at the ribosomal level and occurs in two steps. First, the toxin molecule binds to transferase II and alters its stereospecific relationship to transferase I, but it does not result in an inactive complex. Second, the stereospecific alteration in transferase I, but it does not result in an inactive complex. Second, the stereospecific alteration in transferase II caused by the binding of diphtheria toxin allows NAD to bridge between transferase I and II, which then results in an inactivated complex. The sensitivity of the cell-free system derived from the normally resistant rat implies that in some cells the cell membrane serves as a permeability barrier to the toxin molecule. The resistance of bacterial cell-free protein synthesizing systems to diphtheria toxin may reflect basic differences between transferase enzymes from bacterial and mammalian sources.
IMMOBILE TRACE ELEMENT SYSTEMATICS OF OCEANIC ISLAND BASALTS: THE ROLE OF OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE IN CREATING THE GEOCHEMICAL DIVERSITY

The Earth’s mantle is known to be heterogeneous at different scales, which has been generally linked to the presence of diverse mantle reservoirs, some of which are believed to have remained isolated for long periods of time. When oceanic island basalts (OIBs) are subdivided into five distinct end-member groups on the basis of Sr-Nd-Pb isotope systematics, which include DM, EM1, EM2, HIMU and C, trace element systematics do not appear to be effective discriminators as isotopes, though an end-member signature may become dominant relative to others within a specific ratio range. Melting of a lithologically heterogeneous source or melting of distinct sources, which is followed by melt mixing, appears to be an important mechanism in creating variable geochemi- cal signatures in OIB genesis. Ratio-based trace element modeling suggests that sole involvement of eclogitic components cannot explain the entire elemental variation observed in OIBs; a peridotitic component must have been involved in the genesis of all types of end-member signatures. Combined trace element and isotope systematics are consistent with the involvement of metasomatized oceanic lithosphere (crust + lithospheric mantle) with/without sediments. This mechanism, which involves slab components uprising within the plumes, may also have been the main reason causing the geochemical diversity in the Tethyan mantle.
Persuasion, task interruption and health regimen adherence

Cueing strategies, such as real-time reminders, are among the most effective methods of persuading individuals to perform healthy behaviors such as taking their medication and exercising. However, these reminders often represent a task interruption for users who are engaged in work activities. This paper presents the results of a study which explores strategies for interrupting users at work to perform a healthy behavior, in which the primary outcome of interest is long-term adherence to a desired health behavior change regimen. We find that the degree of perceived politeness of interruptions is positively correlated with predicted long-term adherence, but negatively correlated with short-term compliance. We also find that, among several interruption coordination strategies previously explored in the literature, empathic interruptions are superior overall in gaining both short-term compliance and long-term adherence.
The Weir: Storytelling that Transforms.

Through the acts of telling our stories, writing our stories, and reading others’ stories, we become known both to others and to ourselves. Drawing on the theme of transformation in the recent play The Weir , this article explores the place of story in adult and continuing education and considers how story told by students can break through the dam of resistance to learning and create a classroom space of trust, sharing, mutual regard, and engagement that is both sustaining and transformative.
Adaptive identification schemes in presence of bounded disturbances: an automotive case study

This paper addresses an (online) parameter identification problem for a first order system affected by an unmeasured input with a priori known bounds. The study is motivated by an estimation problem arising in control of direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engines. Several adaptation approaches are investigated and applied to the DISI engine example.
Gendered Occupational Hazards

Workers’ exposure to and experience of occupational hazards are shaped by the gender segregated labor force; gendered labor regulations; gender stereotypes; and the ways daily life is gendered, including the division of unpaid household labor. Scholarship about occupational hazards is shaped by the meanings of “work” and “hazard,” which are contextual and may be gendered. Scholarship about gendered occupational hazards is shaped by the meanings of “gender” in ways that may reify essentialist conceptions of gender as static and dichotomous. Dynamic national, cultural, and social contexts are important to consider as scholars examine the intersections of gender, work, and health. Keywords: gender; health risks; stress; women; work
Global Aging: Implications for Women and Women's Health

The world's older population has been growing for centuries; however, the pace of this growth is accelerating rapidly. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, by 2030, more than 60 countries will have 2 million or more older people. Population aging represents a "success story," with increasing numbers of people worldwide enjoying additional years of life. However, the sustained increase in numbers of older people (usually defined as persons over the age of 65) poses many challenges to policy makers and health care providers around the world. As the world population ages, we are just beginning to understand the social, economic, and political implications of the "age wave." The majority of older people are women, thus the implications of population changes for women and women's health are astounding. Nurses can take a national and world leadership role to adequately address the health care needs of increasing numbers of older women.
Photoacoustic study of relaxation dynamics in multibubble systems in laser-superheated water.

Microsecond relaxation dynamics in a cavitating surface layer of bulk water superheated by a TEA $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ laser was studied using contact broadband photoacoustic spectroscopy. Damped nanosecond and microsecond oscillatory pressure-tension cycles recorded by an acoustic transducer are related to oscillations of steam bubbles of different sizes exhibiting strong dissipative losses and collective (coalescence and percolation) phenomena. These measurements also give important insight into basic parameters, characteristic spatial and temporal scales, and the mechanism of laser ablation of absorbing liquids in the thermal confinement regime.
Effects of Imperfect Storm Reporting on the Verification of Weather Warnings

Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the effects of shortcomings in the reporting of severe storm events on some common measures of warning performance. Such deficiencies lead to an apparent false alarm ratio (FAR) higher than the true value, and ordinarily to an apparent probability of detection (POD) also higher than the true value. An improved warning system may generate additional storm reports through closer collaboration between forecasters and storm spotters; an enhanced warning verification program will also tend to collect additional storm reports. Independently of any changes in the warning system, such additional reports tend to drive the apparent FAR down (and thus closer to the true value). If the verification efforts emphasize situations when warnings are in effect, the additional reports will further inflate the apparent POD. When changes occur in both the warning system and the verification program, the contributions of each to changes in the performance measures become intermingled...
Determination of alloy interatomic potentials from liquid-state diffraction data

This paper presents a general method for fitting interatomic potentials to partial pair correlation functions that can be obtained from diffraction experiments on pure materials or alloys. We apply this new approach to the specific case of embedded atom method-type interatomic potentials and demonstrate that it can be used to accurately fit this potential from partial pair correlation function data. The new method, presented above, can easily be extended to any type of interatomic potential. In addition, this method can be used in conjunction with standard approaches that fit crystal structure and properties.
Physiological Effects of a Combination of Cinnulin with Probiotics

The search for an optimal combination of natural im munomodulators led us to study the biological effec ts of the combination of a cinnamon extract Cinnulin PF a nd probiotic LactoSpore. We found that this combination has strong synergetic effects on phagocytosis and o n regulation of cholesterol and blood sugar levels. In addition, the Cinnulin/LastoSpore combination also reduced intestinal damage in mouse model of colitis .
Scattering model for the bound electronic states of an impurity complex in a crystal

In previous work a Green's function method has been developed for the calculation of the bound one-electron eigenstates of a polyatomic molecule. This technique is now extended to the problem of determining the bound states associated with substitutional impurities in a crystal. The model is distinguished from more conventional methods of treating the impurity problem, in that an explicit knowledge of the Wannier functions or Bloch functions for the perfect crystal is not required. The one-electron wave functions for the impurity complex and those for the unperturbed part of the crystal are expanded on an equal basis in the partial-wave representation. The electronic spectrum of the perfect crystal enters only implicitly through the presence of “renormalized” molecular type structure factors which contain the resolvent for the energy band problem. Because there are no multicenter integrals in this method, one is not restricted in practice to considering only isolated impurities, but can treat as easily arbitrary clusters of impurities and perturbed atoms of the host crystal. More general types of crystal defects, such as interstitial impurities and vacancies, are also within the scope of the model.
Seasonal patterns of cold-hardiness in antarctic terrestrial arthropods

Abstract 1. 1. Seasonal changes in cold-hardiness of three terrestrial Antarctic arthropods were investigated. 2. 2. Field microhabitat temperatures decreased from means of 11.2 in early February to 0.8°C by the end of March; this period represents a transition from austral mid-summer to autumn. 3. 3. Concurrent with microhabitat cooling, two freezing susceptible species, a mite, Alaskozetes antarcticus, and a collembolan, Cryptopyyus antarcticus, increased hardiness by depressing supercooling points (SCP) and accumulating cryoprotectants. 4. 4. The freezing tolerant chironomid, Belgica antarctica, increased SCPs from −10.2 to -5.0°C while attaining final cryoprotectant concentrations of 11.4/jg/mg (trehalose) and 7.0μg/mg (glucose).
Synthesis, structure and fluorescence properties of a uranyl-2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid coordination polymer: The missing member of the UO22+-2,n-pyridinedicarboxylic series

Abstract A 3D uranium-pyridinedicarboxylate, compound (1) [UO2(C7H3NO4)], represents the final member of a series of materials incorporating a series of 2,n-pyridinedicarboxylic (pydc) acids (n = 3,4,5,6). The resulting crystal structure [FW = 419.13, monoclinic, P21/n, a = 9.0096(3) A, b = 8.1371(2) A, c = 11.6954(4) A, V = 852.45 A3, Z = 4] was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction and fluorescent properties were investigated. Additionally, the complete series of uranium-2,n-pydc materials was examined on a basis of fluorescent behaviors and architectural similarities.
An Alternative Method of Grading Diabetic Retinopathy

The purpose of this report is to present a system for grading the severity of diabetic retinopathy that is a rapid, relatively inexpensive, and standardized alternative to the more detailed Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) system; present data on its reproducibility; and compare it to the detailed ETDRS grading system. The alternative system was used to grade fundus photographs obtained during a large prevalence study, the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy (WESDR). The alternative method involved grading seven stereoscopic standard fields as a whole, and assigning a level of severity for the eye according to the greatest degree of retinopathy using a modified Airlie House Classification scheme. Using an eight-level classification system of increasing severity of retinopathy, there was 78.3% exact agreement between the alternative and ETDRS systems. A grader regraded all 503 disagreements, and was in exact agreement 49.3% of the time with the alternative system, 35.7% of the time with the detailed system, and 15.0% with neither the alternative or detailed systems. Interobserver agreement for the alternative system was 78.5%; intraobserver agreement over a 9 month to 1 year period was 90.0% for grader 1 and 84.0% for grader 2. The alternative system of grading, when used by experienced graders, is a reproducible method for objectively determining retinopathy status in epidemiologic studies.
Why do chloroplasts and mitochondria contain so many copies of their genome

The very high genome copy number in cytoplasmic organelles is a puzzling fact in cell biology. It is proposed here that high copy number reflects an increased need for organellar ribosomes that can only be satisfied by the increased ribosomal RNA gene number that results from genome multiplication.
Batch Process and Sensitivity Analysis of Collision Detection of Planar Convex Polygons in Motion

A new method for formulation, solution, and sensitivity analysis of collision detection of convex objects in motion is presented. The collision detection problem is formulated as a parametric programming problem governed by the changes in the relative translation and relative rotation between the two objects considered. The two parameters together determine all the possible relative configurations between two moving convex objects. Therefore, solving this parametric problem allows for knowing the proximity information for all the possible configurations of the objects. We develop a two-step decomposition procedure to solve this parametric programming problem, and show that the solution is a convex function of the two parameters. This convexity feature enables an archive of the proximity information and sensitivity analysis for the collision detection problem.
Examining the labor market presence of US WISEs

Purpose – Work integration social enterprises (WISEs) create jobs through business ventures that function as locations for training and employment of disadvantaged workers. A key challenge for US WISEs is that the businesses that are easiest to launch and best suited to absorb large numbers of unskilled workers may be located in the same low wage labor market sectors out of which these interventions are designed to catapult workers. This paper aims to present data on an understudied aspect of WISEs: the labor market niches where they are active, the occupations associated with these labor market positions, and the work conditions offered through their WISE businesses.Design/methodology/approach – Data presented in this paper are from a national WISE database developed by the author that includes 254 businesses associated with 123 WISEs, and a pilot study of 15 WISEs testing an instrument for use in a national survey of US WISEs. Each business associated with the WISEs in the national database was coded fo...
Steam Reforming of n-Dodecane over Ru−Ni-Based Catalysts

Steam reforming of n-dodecane has been carried out with the goal of development of new and highly active catalysts for hydrogen production. Newly designed RuO-NiO-CeO2-Al2O3 catalysts have been successfully prepared with various loadings of Ni by sol−gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), H2 TPD, BET surface area, temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), and temperature-programmed desorption of CO2 (TPD of CO2) were used to characterize the prepared catalysts. The coke formation was studied by temperature programmed oxidation (TPO). The reforming of n-dodecane was carried out in a microreactor and investigated at different reaction temperatures, space velocity, steam/carbon ratio, and time-on-stream. Characterization results reveal that the presence of Ru and CeO2 enhances the catalyst reducibility. H2 TPD and CO2 TPD data indicate that 1 wt % Ru/2.5 wt % Ni/3 wt % CeO2/Al2O3 (1R2.5N3CA) catalyst exhibits larger nickel surface area and higher basicity compared to all the other catalysts. The activity and hyd...
Configurations of Identity Among Sexual Minority Youth: Context, Desire, and Narrative

Youth with same-sex desire undergo a process of narrative engagement as they construct configurations of identity that provide meaning and coherence with available sexual taxonomies. This article presents a theoretical analysis and four case studies centering on the relationship among context, desire, and identity for youth with same-sex desire. Through an interpretive, holistic analysis of the personal narratives of youth, we examine the integration of same-sex desire, behavior, and identity in the general life story and the selective appropriation of elements of "master narratives" of sexual identity development. Narratives were characterized by challenges to integrate desire, behavior, and identity into a configuration that conformed to the received sexual taxonomy. Implications for theory and further research on sexual identity development are discussed.
New laser oscillations in the N atom quartet manifold

Three new laser oscillations have been observed in a pulsed discharge of He and N 2 . These oscillations at 1.0568, 1.0611, and 1.0623 μm are fine-structure components of the 3d4P → 3p4P0transition of N(I). The three observed transitions (out of a possible seven) are those with the largest transition matrix elements that do not share a common lower state.
Two-Dimensional Semi-Lagrangian Transport with Shape-Preserving Interpolation

Abstract The more attractive one dimensional, shape-preserving interpolation schemes as determined from a companion study are applied to two-dimensional semi-Lagrangian advection in plane and spherical geometry. Hermite cubic and a rational cubic are considered for the interpolation form. Both require estimates of derivatives at data points. A cubic derivative form and the derivative estimates of Hyman and Akima are considered. The derivative estimates are also modified to ensure that the interpolant is monotonic. The modification depends on the interpolation form. Three methods are used to apply the interpolators to two-dimensional semi-Lagrangian advection. The first consists of fractional time steps or time splitting. The method has noticeable displacement errors and larger diffusion than the other methods. The second consists of two-dimensional interpolants with formal definitions of a two-dimensional monotonic surface and application of a two-dimensional monotonicity constraint. This approach is exam...
Neurogenic heart disease: A unifying hypothesis

Electrocardiographic abnormalities have been known to occur in the context of neurologic disease for a long time. These changes fall into 2 categories: arrhythmias and repolarization abnormalities. However, until relatively recently these changes were believed to represent purely electrophysiologic alterations and not real heart disease. It is now clear that some patients with neurogenic electrocardiographic changes show cardiac enzyme release and myofibrillar degeneration at autopsy. There are 4 major methods for producing myofibrillar degeneration (i.e., contraction band necrosis or coagulative myocytolysis): catecholamine infusion, stress-steroid, nervous system stimulation and reperfusion. The common thread connecting these 4 methods is the opening of receptor-operated calcium channels, resulting in intense contraction of cardiac muscle. Thus, neurogenic influence over cardiac function may represent a continuum. In the mild reversible circumstance, only the electrocardiographic change will be seen, whereas in the severe, irreversible situation, myofibrillar degeneration will ensue with release of cardiac enzymes. Cardiac cell death may be caused by oxygen free radicals produced by metabolism of catecholamines or reperfusion or both, after variable periods of ischemia. This concept represents a unifying hypothesis, tying together the clinical, physiologic, biochemical and pathologic findings in neurogenic heart disease.
Density profile of the weakly interacting Bose gas confined in a potential well: Nonzero temperature.

A theory is developed for the density profile of a weakly interacting Bose gas confined within an arbitrary potential well at nonzero temperature. This problem is of interest in connection with magnetically confined spin-aligned atomic hydrogen (H\ensuremath{\downarrow}). The approach taken is conceptually simpler and of comparable accuracy as compared to previous approaches. It is based on the statement of constancy of the chemical potential in equilibrium. This in turn involves the internal chemical potential, a functional of the density, which we treat in a local-density approximation. For a given temperature we develop a form for the local internal chemical potential for a wide range of density using known low-density, intermediate-density (i.e., near the Bose-condensation density), and high-density analytic forms, with appropriate smooth interpolants connecting these three forms. Density profiles are evaluated within the Bogoliubov approximation for the local internal chemical potential for parameters appropriate to magnetically confined H\ensuremath{\downarrow} for both symmetric linear and quadratic one-dimensionally varying wells. Comparison is made to previous work. The nonanalytic region of the density profile near the Bose-condensation density is analyzed. We also calculate density profiles including the next-highest-order interaction correction (i.e., beyond Bogoliubov) in the internal chemical potential. For conditions relevant to hypothetical H\ensuremath{\downarrow} at moderate densities this leads to a small but discernable effect on the density profile.
A New Approach to α-Alkoxy- and α-Alkylthioketones from Conjugated Nitroalkenes

Abstract α-Substituted ketones are obtained in two steps by reduction of the α, β-unsaturated nitroalkenes using SnCl2·2H2O in alcoholic media followed by hydrolysis with levulinic acid.
Thermal Conductivity of Molten Alkali Nitrates

Measurements of the thermal conductivities of the molten alkali nitrates are reported. A law of corresponding states is found for the conductivities, but an entirely satisfactory theoretical basis of the law is not yet available. At atmospheric pressure the conductivities increase with temperature, a behavior seen in associated liquids such as water. Moreover, the same temperature trend is observed for solid‐state thermal conductivities near the melting point. This indicates that the temperature trend observed for the conductivities of the melts is not peculiar to the liquid state but is perhaps due to the nitrate ion or to the long‐range Coulombic interactions. Use of the hot‐wire transient method for studying thermal conductivities of molten salts is criticized.
Nonlinear Behavior of Space Shuttle Superlightweight Tank Under Booster Ascent Loads

Results of linear-bifurcation and nonlinear analyses of the Space Shuttle superlightweight (SLWT) external liquid-oxygen (LO2) tank for an important early booster ascent loading condition are presented. These results for thin-walled linear elastic shells that are subjected to combined mechanical and thermal loads illustrate an important type of response mode that may be encountered in the design of other liquid-fuel launch vehicles. Linear-bifurcation analyses are presented that predict several nearly equal eigenvalues that correspond to local buckling modes in the forward ogive section of the LO 2 tank. In contrast, the nonlinear response phenomenon is shown to consist of short-wavelength bending deformations in the forward-ogive and barrel sections of the LO2 tank that grow in amplitude in a stable manner with increasing load. Imperfection sensitivity analyses are presented that show that the presence of several nearly equal eigenvalues does not lead to a premature general instability mode for the forward-ogive section. For the linear-bifurcation and nonlinear analyses, the results show that accurate predictions of the response of the shell generally require a large-scale, high-e delity, e nite element model, and that a design based on a linear-bifurcation buckling analysis and a buckling-load knockdown factor is overly conservative. Results are presented that show that the SLWT LO 2 tank can support loads in excess of approximately 2.6 timesthevaluesof theoperationalloads considered. In addition, results are presented that show that local bending deformations may cause failure of the thermal protection system (TPS) at load levels less than the load level corresponding to structural collapse. Results are presented that can be used to estimate the load level at which TPS failure is likely to occur.
On right fractional calculus

Abstract Here are presented fractional Taylor type formulae with fractional integral remainder and fractional differential formulae, regarding the right Caputo fractional derivative, the right generalized fractional derivative of Canavati type [Canavati JA. The Riemann–Liouville integral. Nieuw Archief Voor Wiskunde 1987;5(1):53–75] and their corresponding right fractional integrals. Then are given representation formulae of functions as fractional integrals of their above fractional derivatives, as well as of their right and left Weyl fractional derivatives. At the end, we mention some far reaching implications of our theory to mathematical analysis computational methods. Also we compare the right Caputo fractional derivative to right Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative.
CMIS arithmetic and multiwire news for QCD on the connection machine

Abstract Our collaboration has been running Wilson fermion QCD simulations on various Connection Machines for over a year and a half. During this time, we have continually optimized our code for operations found in the fermion matrix inversion. Our current version of the matrix inversion is written almost entirely in CMIS (Connection Machine Instruction Set), and utilizes both high-speed arithmetic and multiwire “news” (nearest-neighbor communications). We present details of how these and other features of our code are implemented on the CM-2.
Analytic and Probabilistic Theory of Additive Arithmetical Semigroups

This is a short survey of the forthcoming book Number Theory Arising From Finite Fields - analytic and probabilistic theory. We give details of a number of the main theorems in the book. These are prime number theorems, mean-value theorems of multiplicative functions, infinitely divisible distributions and central limit theorems. We also highlight new research directions. Mathematics Subject Classification (1991): Primary: 11N60; Secondary: 11T55, 30B30, 60F05 Keywords: Additive arithmetical semigroup, number theorem, mean-value theorem, normal distribution Quaestiones Mathematicae 24(3) 2001, 323-333
Who's That Girl? Who's That Boy?: Clinical Practice Meets Postmodern Gender Theory

Drescher, Foreword. Introduction. Beyond Narcissism: Toward a Negotiation Model of Gender Identity. Gender Benders/Gender Binders: A Psychoanalytic Look at Contemporary Popular Culture. Who's That Girl? Madonna. Trauma, Gender Identity, and Sexuality: Discourses of Fragmentation. Blue Velvet: A Parable of Male Development. What Is a Man? Postmodern Challenges to Clinical Practice. A Deconstruction of Kohut's Concept of Self. Performance Theory, Act 3: The Doer Behind the Deed Gets Depressed.
Paleoearthquakes in the puget sound region recorded in sediments from lake washington, u.s.a.

Holocene sediments in Lake Washington contain a series of turbidites that were episodically deposited throughout the lake. The magnetic signatures of these terrigenous layers are temporally and areally correlatable. Large earthquakes appear to have triggered slumping on the steep basin walls and landslides in the drainage area, resulting in turbidite deposition. One prominent turbidite appears to have been deposited about 1100 years ago as the result of a large earthquake. Downcore susceptibility patterns suggest that near-simultaneous slumping occurred in at least three separate locations, two of which now contain submerged forests. Several other large earthquakes may have occurred in the last 3000 years.
Adenoviral vectors--new insights.

I apologize to my colleagues for any omissions in this short report owing to space limitations.
Magnetic diagnostics for equilibrium reconstructions with eddy currents on the lithium tokamak experimenta)

The Lithium Tokamak eXperiment is a spherical tokamak with a close-fitting low-recycling wall composed of thin lithium layers evaporated onto a stainless steel-lined copper shell. Long-lived non-axisymmetric eddy currents are induced in the shell and vacuum vessel by transient plasma and coil currents and these eddy currents influence both the plasma and the magnetic diagnostic signals that are used as constraints for equilibrium reconstruction. A newly installed set of re-entrant magnetic diagnostics and internal saddle flux loops, compatible with high-temperatures and lithium environments, is discussed. Details of the axisymmetric (2D) and non-axisymmetric (3D) treatments of the eddy currents and the equilibrium reconstruction are presented.
Prophylactic Antibiotic Days as a Predictor of Sensitivity Patterns in Acinetobacter Pneumonia

Abstract Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) secondary to Acinetobacter spp. in critically ill trauma patients has increased. More importantly, the incidence of multi-drug–resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter VAP has increased. The risk factors for this increase in resistance have yet to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change in Acinetobacter sensitivity over time and determine which risk factors predict resistance in trauma patients. Methods: Patients surviving >5 days post-injury who had Acinetobacter VAP (≥105 colony-forming units/mL in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid) who were seen over five years were divided according to pathogen sensitivity (sensitive [SEN] vs. MDR) and stratified by age, severity of shock (base excess, number of blood transfusions), injury severity (Injury Severity Score [ISS], admission Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score, chest and extremity Abbreviated Injury Scale score [AIS]), and year. Prophylactic (Pro), empiric (Emp), Pro + Emp, and total antibi...
Double-blind trial of tetracycline in recurrent aphthous ulceration.

Abstract A double-blind trial of a tetracycline suspension was carried out in 25 patients with recurrent aphthous oral ulcerations. A combined topical-systemic treatment procedure was used. Both the placebo and tetracycline groups experienced reductions in ulcer incidence during the treatment period, whereas only the tetracycline group showed significant reductions in ulcer duration, size, and pain. Tetracycline treatment apparently alters the severity of the ulcer, but does not appear to affect those factors responsible for recurrences. The side effects recorded in patients taking tetracycline were comparable to those in patients on placebo.
Human-computer symbiosis in cyberspace environments

The main goal of a cyberspace environment is to support decision makers with relevant information on time for operational use. Cyberspace environments depend on geospatial data including terrestrial, aerial/UAV, satellite and other multi-sensor data obtained in electro-optical and other imaging domains. Despite advances in automated geospatial image processing, the "human in the loop" is still necessary because current applications depend upon complex algorithms and adequate classification rules that can only be provided by skilled geospatial professionals. Signals extracted from humans may become an element of a cyberspace system. This paper describes research experiments on integrating an EEG device within geospatial technology.
Accuracy of a Traffic Noise Model Using Data from Machine Vision Technology

The FHWA Traffic Noise Model is used in a variety of applications to predict noise levels at locations of interest in the vicinity of streets and highways. The model's traffic noise source characterization process requires the user to supply the volumes and speeds for each vehicle class for each lane of roadway to be modeled. Using these parameters, along with algorithms developed from typical vehicle pass-by data, the program calculates the vehicle noise emission levels for each vehicle class. The accuracy of the user-supplied traffic parameters, therefore, affects the final noise level prediction. Automated traffic data collection technologies offer an attractive alternative to manual data collection for high-volume roadways. The accuracy of noise model predictions was investigated for the machine vision technology, which uses video-based traffic detection with a procedure developed to determine the effect of video equipment setup parameters on traffic data acquisition accuracy, and the range of expecte...
How does Legionella pneumophila exit the host cell

In recent years, tremendous progress has been made in unraveling the elegant mechanisms by which intracellular pathogens invade host cells and establish intracellular infections. By contrast, our knowledge of the mechanisms of host cell cytolysis and the egress of intracellular pathogens is still in its infancy. Temporal pore-formation-mediated lysis of the host and exit by Legionella pneumophila and Leishmania could provide a new model of egress for other intracellular pathogens, many of which exhibit pore-forming or cytolysin activity
Synthesis of 85 K BiSrCaCuO superconductor

Abstract Synthesis of the compound Bi 2 Sr 2-y CaCu 2 O x , 0≤y≤0.5, was attempted from 10 4 to 10 6 Pa oxygen pressure. Lower pressures and temperatures less than 800°C proved most effective in forming the 85-K superconducting material. A Sr-deficient stoichiometry exhibited highest phase purity. Results suggest, however, that presence of a small amount of a phase such as the low-temperature superconductor, Bi 2 Sr 2 CuO 6 , has little effect on the resulting superconducting properties.