cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Decreased levels of baseline and drug-induced tubulin polymerisation are hallmarks of resistance to taxanes in ovarian cancer cells and are associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

ABCB1 expression is uncommon in ovarian cancers in the clinical setting so we investigated non-MDR mechanisms of resistance to taxanes. We established eight taxane-resistant variants from the human ovarian carcinoma cell lines A2780/1A9, ES-2, MES-OV and OVCAR-3 by selection with paclitaxel or docetaxel, with counter-selection by the transport inhibitor valspodar. Non-MDR taxane resistance was associated with reduced intracellular taxane content compared to parental controls, and cross-resistance to other microtubule stabilising drugs. Collateral sensitivity to depolymerising agents (vinca alkaloids and colchicine) was observed with increased intracellular vinblastine. These variants exhibited marked decreases in basal tubulin polymer and in tubulin polymerisation in response to taxane exposure. TUBB3 content was increased in 6 of the 8 variants. We profiled gene expression of the parental lines and resistant variants, and identified a transcriptomic signature with two highly significant networks built around FN1 and CDKN1A that are associated with cell adhesion, cell-to-cell signalling, and cell cycle regulation. miR-200 family members miR-200b and miR-200c were downregulated in resistant cells, associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), with increased VIM, FN1, MMP2 and/or MMP9. These alterations may serve as biomarkers for predicting taxane effectiveness in ovarian cancer and should be considered as therapeutic targets.
Baiomys taylori subater (Northern pygmy mouse)

The autosomes form a continuous length gradation. Two pairs of the smallest members of autosomes may show secondary constriction near the centromere.
Data-Driven Residential Load Modeling and Validation in GridLAB-D

Accurately characterizing the impacts of high penetrations of distributed energy resources (DER) on the electric distribution system has driven modeling methods from traditional static snap shots, often representing a critical point in time (e.g., summer peak load), to quasi-static time series (QSTS) simulations capturing all the effects of variable DER, associated controls and hence, impacts on the distribution system over a given time period. Unfortunately, the high time resolution DER source and load data required for model inputs is often scarce or non-existent. This paper presents work performed within the GridLAB-D model environment to synthesize, calibrate, and validate 1-second residential load models based on measured transformer loads and physics-based models suitable for QSTS electric distribution system modeling. The modeling and validation approach taken was to create a typical GridLAB-D model home that, when replicated to represent multiple diverse houses on a single transformer, creates a statistically similar load to a measured load for a given weather input. The model homes are constructed to represent the range of actual homes on an instrumented transformer: square footage, thermal integrity, heating and cooling system definition as well as realistic occupancy schedules. House model calibration and validation was performed using the distribution transformer load data and corresponding weather. The modeled loads were found to be similar to the measured loads for four evaluation metrics: 1) daily average energy, 2) daily average and standard deviation of power, 3) power spectral density, and 4) load shape.
Injury Characteristics of Low-Energy Lisfranc Injuries Compared With High-Energy Injuries.

Background:Lisfranc injuries result from high- and low-energy mechanisms though the literature has been more focused on high-energy mechanisms. A comparison of high-energy (HE) and low-energy (LE) ...
Update in the Diagnosis and Management of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

This chapter presents the latest diagnostic and treatment strategies for the most prevalent ocular surface disease worldwide, meibomian gland dysfunction. It is the most common etiologic/contributing factor in dry eye disease. This chapter specifically highlights the use of meibomian gland imaging technologies, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory therapies, and more advanced treatment options including meibomian gland expression and intense pulsed light.
Opening the Orai1 gates

How the store-operated channel Orai1 opens and the number of gates that control channel opening and conductance remain unclear. In this issue of Science Signaling , Frischauf et al . report on the importance of the basic pore region in addition to the hydrophobic gate in channel gating and identify a site in transmembrane domain 2 (TM2) that controls pore opening.
Response to Comment on Edelman and Polonsky. Type 2 Diabetes in the Real World: The Elusive Nature of Glycemic Control. Diabetes Care 2017;40:1425-1432.

We thank Giugliano et al. (1) for their comments on our article (2) bringing to light two important issues. First, while we highlighted the importance of problematic medication adherence in diabetes care in our article and briefly examined several of the key contributors, we …
Twice lost in translation, or what referee Dattilo really said to Colombo in the greatest upset in World Cup history, England v U.S.A. 1950

AbstractThis paper offers an explanation of an episode that took place in a 1950 World Cup game that saw the US defeat England by 1–0. It focuses on a linguistic misunderstanding between Italian re...
Regulation and Redirection of Metabolism: Incorporating regulatory information influx calculation

It is well appreciated that cellular metabolism involves interrelated pathway stoicheiometry and complicated regulation loops. Such a complex system imparts a variety of metabolic characteristics to the living cell. Consequently, to alter metabolism for the production of metabolites, it is essential to gain as much information as possible about pathway stoicheiometry and regulatory kinetics. If the complete details of stoicheiometry and kinetics are known, they can be combined into a mathematical model to predict the behaviour of the cell. Short of complete understanding of regulatory mechanisms, several approaches have been developed to aid the redesign of metabolic pathways. These include pathway analysis (Schuster & Schuster, 1993; Liao et al., 1996; Schuster et al., 1999), flux analysis (Vallino & Stephanopoulos, 1993, Varma et al., 1993), and metabolic control analysis (Kacser & Burns, 1973; Heinrich & Rapoport, 1974). However, none of these approaches are completely satisfactory, primarily because of the complexity of regulatory mechanisms. Hence, successful prediction of flux distribution must take the regulatory mechanisms properly into account. This chapter discusses a promising formalism that aims to predict metabolic flux distribution by incorporating regulatory information in terms of the flux control coefficients into the flux analysis. This approach is most useful for predicting the effect of genetically engineered pathways on flux distribution.
Self-emasculation: review of the literature, report of a case and outline of the objectives of management.

AbstractSelf-emasculation is the end result of an unusual psychiatric disorder, which initially requires surgical treatment. Only 51 cases have been reported in the English literature since 1900. No previous attempt to preserve testicular androgen function by reimplantation or grafting has been reported. We describe an unsuccessful attempt to graft the testicles in subcutaneous thigh pockets. Microscopically, the biopsied autografts showed no viable interstitial or germinal testicular tissue. The objectives of the treatment of self-emasculation injury are restoration of anatomical and functional continuity of the urethra as a urinary channel, preservation of the capacity for sustained penile erection, preservation of testicular androgen activity, prompt psychiatric evaluation and treatment of the underlying illness, and restoration of the normal appearance of the scrotum.
Family Planning and Rheumatoid Arthritis

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have special family planning considerations that require close coordination with health care providers. While this article focuses on issues inherent to female patients given their potential for pregnancy, we will review pertinent issues related to medication counseling for male patients. Some women with RA may experience subfertility. Disease activity may decrease for some, but not all pregnant women with RA. Preterm birth is more common among women with RA than among healthy women, which may be explained, in part, by disease activity and/or use of certain medications. Contraception is safe for women with RA. RA is a chronic, female-predominant inflammatory disease that may affect women and men during their reproductive years. We describe some of these considerations herein and focus on strategies to help providers to clarify and support their patients’ reproductive goals.
Abstract 836: From tobacco smoking to mutation signature: The role of epigenetic changes in human cancers

Tobacco smoking is associated with a unique mutation signature in the human cancer genome. It is unclear whether tobacco smoking alters DNA methylations and gene expressions affect smoking-related mutation signature. In this study, we evaluated the smoking-related DNA methylation sites reported from five previous studies using peripheral blood cells to identify possible target genes. Using the mediation analysis approach, we evaluated whether the association of tobacco smoking with mutation signature was mediated through altered DNA methylation and expression of these target genes. Based on data obtained from 21,108 blood samples, we identified 374 smoking-related DNA methylation sites, annotated to 248 target genes. Using data from DNA methylations, gene expressions and smoking-related mutation signature generated from ~7,700 tumor tissue samples across 26 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we found 11 of the 248 target genes whose expressions were associated with smoking-related mutation signature at a Bonferroni-correction P Citation Format: Zhishan Chen, Wanqing Wen, Qiuyin Cai, Jirong Long, Xiao-ou Shu, Wei Zheng, Xingyi Guo. From tobacco smoking to mutation signature: The role of epigenetic changes in human cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 836.
Modal Solutions for the Sound in Enclosures

While the integral equation approach of determining the sound field described in the previous sections is very general and applicable to a wide range of domain shapes, it rarely leads to equations that are simple enough to provide insight into the nature of the sound field; the results must be obtained numerically. For harmonic sound fields, when the amplitude of the pressure is examined as a function of frequency, one often finds sharp peaks and dips that are very similar to those due to resonances in vibrating structures.
Genome-Wide Profiling of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Multiple Myeloma: Disease-Relevant Pathways and Overlaps with Common Cancer Biomarkers

Background : The current study is based on recent findings from our and other laboratories demonstrating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in multiple myeloma (MM) to be a key component of the tumor microenvironment, integral to the neoplastic process. EPCs contribute to tumor neoangiogenesis, and their levels covary with MM progression. Furthermore, MM EPCs are genetically unstable, as evidenced by restricted X-chromosome inactivation patterns; by immunoglobulin rearrangements identical to those harbored by tumor cells; and by a range of shared chromosomal gains or losses with tumor cells, shown by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). The present study further characterized the EPC genomic profile in MM by comparison of EPC gene expression with that of tumor cells and control ECs using a bioinformatics approach that integrated cancer gene databases to prioritize key molecular MM biomarkers. Methods: EPCs (> 98% vWF/CD133/KDR+/CD38–) from bone marrow aspirates of 22 untreated MM patients were outgrown on laminin-coated flasks. The fractions enriched for tumor cells were > 50% CD38+. For expression profiling, total RNA from EPCs, MM cells, and control ECs (EPCs and HUVECs) was hybridized to Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 arrays, and comparisons were made by ANOVA with corrections for multiple comparisons to achieve a false discovery rate Results: A total of 334 genes were differentially expressed in MM EPCs versus control ECs (> 1.5-fold difference and P −8 , 159 genes); extracellular matrix adhesion (P = 2×10 9 , 110 genes); bone formation (P = 4×10 −5 , 33 genes); and angiogenesis (P = 8×10 −5 , 35 genes). From these clusters, an expression profile was obtained consisting of the strongest 21 differentially expressed genes (versus control ECs; P −5 ) characterized by highest expression of 4 genes associated with metastasis and tumor growth: COL1A1, LUM, CYP1B1, and GREM1. RT-PCR validation studies of these genes are ongoing. Moreover, there was a 34% greater overlap of MM EPC and tumor profiles versus control ECs and tumor profiles (P Conclusions: Our results strongly indicate that EPCs are an integral part of the neoplastic process in MM. Their altered genomic profile compared to control ECs indicates pathogenic functions critical for MM evolution, including angiogenesis, adhesion, bone turnover, and cell differentiation. The high degree of commonly expressed EPC genes compared with MM and other tumors permits prioritization of candidate MM-endothelial biomarkers not yet defined in this disease.
Determination of the lateral extent of the subcutaneous wound bed in canine cadavers after closure of skin defects to replicate tumor excision

Objective To determine the extent of subcutaneous involvement after primary closure of experimental skin defects. Study design Experimental study. Animals Eight large, mixed breed dog cadavers. Methods Standardized, circular skin defects with diameters of 2, 4, 6, or 8 cm were created at the lateral thorax or abdomen by using a matrix to ensure even distribution, with eight defects of each diameter. The wound beds were covered in 60% barium sulfate paste prior to primary closure. Computed tomography and a dedicated viewing program were used to measure the distance from the edge of the subcutaneous defect to the incision at set intervals along the incision. Results The mean ± SD maximum lateral extension was 6.4 ± 1.9, 14.1 ± 4.9, 18.5 ± 6.9, and 26.0 ± 9.6 mm for 2-, 4-, 6-, and 8-cm defects, respectively. Extension >2 cm from the incision occurred in zero of eight, one of eight, five of eight, and six of eight defects after closure of 2-, 4-, 6-, and 8-cm defects, respectively. Extension >3 cm from the incision occurred in zero of eight, zero of eight, two of eight, and five of eight defects after closure of 2-, 4-, 6-, and 8-cm defects, respectively. Conclusion The lateral extent of the subcutaneous wound bed extended past previously recommended revision margins of 2 to 3 cm in some defects measuring greater than 4 cm in diameter. Clinical significance Surgeons and radiation oncologists should consider the potential extent of the subcutaneous defect when planning revision therapy, especially after large resections.
Controlled workplace charging of electric vehicles: The impact of rate schedules on transformer aging

Abstract To accelerate adoption of non-residential charging for electric vehicles, sites must maximize utilization of existing electrical infrastructure. In this study we model electric vehicle charging at a workplace using real charging data and evaluate the lifetime of the site’s transformer as the number of charging stations is incrementally increased. We implement and compare a range of control schemes for workplace charging including minimizing the peak load, capping the total load, minimizing bills under different rate structures with time-of-use energy costs and demand charges, and directly minimizing the transformer’s aging. These are compared by the number of vehicles they allow the transformer to support, the transformer’s health, and the operator’s electricity bill. We draw a connection between minimizing the peak load and improving the transformer’s health. We observe that minimizing the electricity bill is the best scheme by both criteria when the bill includes a demand charge; in our experiment it allowed the infrastructure to support over 67% more cars than under uncontrolled charging. To protect the transformer we recommend that demand charges or capacity management be applied to parking lots of charging electric vehicles with high infrastructure utilization, and operators schedule charging to minimize their electricity bills.
E-200 Gender and racial disparity in outcome of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in the united states

Background Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. We aimed to assess the prognostic impact of gender and race in these patients. Methods The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS 2006–2016) was utilized to identify patients presenting with aSAH as primary diagnosis. Patient age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance status, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, type of the hospital and treatment modality used for aneurysm repair were extracted. The previously validated NIS-SAH Severity Scale was used to estimate the clinical severity. Discharge destination and in-hospital mortality were used as outcome measures. The impact of race and gender on clinical outcome was analyzed using multivariate regression models. Results A total of 19,512 patients with aSAH were identified. Mean age (±SD) was 54 (±0.1). Sixty seven percent of the patients were female, 49% white and 13% black. Female patients were 4 years older (55 vs 51, p Conclusions In this nationally representative study, women and white patients had disproportionately higher likelihood of poor clinical outcome. Lower rate of mortality is seen among black and Hispanics. Disclosures S. Majidi: None. A. Mehta: None. B. Yim: None. K. Yaeger: None. R. De Leacy: None. J. Mocco: None. J. Fifi: None.
Neural Structured Learning: Training Neural Networks with Structured Signals

We present Neural Structured Learning (NSL) in TensorFlow [2], a new learning paradigm to train neural networks by leveraging structured signals in addition to feature inputs. Structure can be explicit as represented by a graph, or implicit, either induced by adversarial perturbation or inferred using techniques like embedding learning. NSL is open-sourced as part of the TensorFlow [3] ecosystem and is widely used in Google across many products and services. In this tutorial, we provide an overview of the NSL framework including various libraries, tools, and APIs as well as demonstrate the practical use of NSL in different applications. The NSL website is hosted at www.tensorflow.org/neural_structured_learning, which includes details about the theoretical foundations of the technology, extensive API documentation, and hands-on tutorials.
Bioenergy sorghum maintains photosynthetic capacity in elevated ozone concentrations

Elevated tropospheric ozone concentration (O3 ) significantly reduces photosynthesis and productivity in several C4 crops including maize, switchgrass and sugarcane. However, it is unknown how O3 affects plant growth, development and productivity in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), an emerging C4 bioenergy crop. Here, we investigated the effects of elevated O3 on photosynthesis, biomass and nutrient composition of a number of sorghum genotypes over two seasons in the field using free-air concentration enrichment (FACE), and in growth chambers. We also tested if elevated O3 altered the relationship between stomatal conductance and environmental conditions using two common stomatal conductance models. Sorghum genotypes showed significant variability in plant functional traits, including photosynthetic capacity, leaf N content and specific leaf area, but responded similarly to O3 . At the FACE experiment, elevated O3 did not alter net CO2 assimilation (A), stomatal conductance (gs ), stomatal sensitivity to the environment, chlorophyll fluorescence and plant biomass, but led to reductions in the maximum carboxylation capacity of phosphoenolpyruvate and increased stomatal limitation to A in both years. These findings suggest that bioenergy sorghum is tolerant to O3 and could be used to enhance biomass productivity in O3 polluted regions.
Olive oil diet and amyloidosis: focus on Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract In recent years, increasing evidence has been accumulated in the support of the healthy benefits of extravirgin olive oil (EVOO) in counteracting aging and diseases characterized by amyloid accumulation. As the most prevalent amyloidosis and major cause of dementia in the elderly, in the last decade, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been the main focus in the field. Considerable research has been devoted to evaluate the antiamyloidogenic effect of EVOO. Compelling in vitro and in vivo studies have showed that EVOO supplementation significantly improves the AD-like amyloidotic phenotype via multiple mechanisms including the inhibition of amyloid β (Aβ) toxic fragment synthesis, inhibition of Aβ peptides aggregation, promotion of Aβ proteolytic cleavage, and clearance through the blood–brain barrier and autophagy induction. This chapter aims to review the evidence supporting the disease-modifying properties of EVOO and its potential as multitargeting agents in terms of prevention and treatment against AD-like amyloid pathology.
Use of postoperative neurophysiological testing to help guide management in a case of delayed neurological injury.

Bimodal intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM), combining transcranial motor-evoked potentials (tcMEP) and somatosensory-evoked potentials (SSEP), enables real-time detection and prevention of spinal cord injury during pediatric spinal deformity correction. Although rare, false-positive and false-negative signal alerts have been reported. However, no previously published accounts have described the use of postoperative neurophysiological testing to both identify new-onset neurological injury and guide reintervention. Here, we describe the case of an 18-year-old young man with achondroplasia, thoracolumbar kyphosis, and L2 wedge vertebra who underwent T12–L4 posterior spinal fusion with L2 vertebral column resection. Despite two intraoperative decreases in tcMEP amplitude, corrective measures on both occasions produced a return of IONM signal. Curiously, despite movement of the bilateral lower extremities upon waking, continued observation demonstrated minimal movement of the left lower extremity. Postoperative neurophysiological testing then identified limited muscle group activation below the left quadriceps, prompting operative reintervention. After cage removal and laminectomy lengthening, the patient recovered bilateral lower extremity function. He later returned to surgery for repeat cage placement at L2 via a retroperitoneal exposure, with no noted IONM changes and subsequent neurological improvement.
The relationship between syntactic complexity and rhetorical move-steps in research article introductions: Variation among four social science and engineering disciplines

Abstract This study investigates disciplinary variation in the relationship between syntactic complexity and rhetorical move-steps in research article (RA) introductions. Our data consisted of the introduction sections of 400 published RAs in two core social science disciplines, Anthropology and Sociology, and two core engineering disciplines, Chemical Engineering and Electrical Engineering. Each sample was manually annotated for rhetorical move-steps using an adapted version of Swales’ (2004) revised Create a Research Space model and assessed for syntactic complexity using multiple measures of global complexity, finite subordination, clausal elaboration, and phrasal complexity. Our results revealed significant disciplinary variation in terms of the syntactic complexity of sentences realizing each of six rhetorical move-steps commonly found in RA introductions. Our findings contribute to the emerging understanding of disciplinary variation in function-form mappings in RA writing and have useful implications for genre-based academic writing research and pedagogy.
Decomposing Changes in Male Wage Distribution in Brazil

Between 1995 and 2012, the wage distribution of male workers in Brazil shifted to the right and became less dispersed. This paper attempts to identify the reasons for that movement in male wage distribution, focusing on the impact of education expansion on wage distribution. The Oaxaca-Blinder (OB) and Recentered Influence Function (RIF) decomposition results show that both changes in returns on skills and upgrades in the composition of work skills contribute to increases in the average wage and wages at the 10th and 50th percentiles. The shifts in returns to skills had a decreasing impact on wages at the 90th percentile and are identified as the primary force reducing wage inequality. Education expansion had an equalizing impact on wage distribution, primarily through the decline in return to education.
A Whole-Cell Biosensor for Point-of-Care Detection of Waterborne Bacterial Pathogens.

Water contamination by pathogenic bacteria is a major public health concern globally. Monitoring bacterial contamination in water is critically important to protect human health, but this remains a...
Predictors of Latent Class Trajectories of Internalizing Symptoms in Latinx Adolescents

Guided by ecodevelopmental theories, the present study examined how both culture-specific and general risk and protective factors across contexts predicted trajectories of Latinx youth’s internalizing symptoms during early and middle adolescence. Participants included 547 Latinx youth (M age = 12.80; 55% females) recruited in middle school and followed prospectively across four time points spanning two years. Youth reported on their internalizing symptoms at all four time points, and risk and protective factors were measured at Time 1 (T1). Latent class growth curve modeling was used to examine heterogenous trajectories of change in internalizing symptoms separately for females and males, and risk and protective factors were examined as predictors of class membership. Three classes based on symptom trajectories emerged for both females and males, with most adolescents falling into classes characterized by low symptoms that remained stable or decreased over time. Risk and protective factors were predictive of class membership in theoretically meaningful ways. Some predictors of internalizing symptom trajectories differed between females and males. Findings inform our understanding of factors that influence developmental trajectories in Latinx youth and can contribute to the refinement of prevention and intervention efforts to help ensure the well-being of this population.
A Good Soldier Or Random Exposure? Stochastic Requests And Sustained Help (WITHDRAWN)

The terms, “extra miler” and “good soldier,” refer to employees who exhibit sustained, superior citizenship relative to others. Researchers have argued that this streaky behavior is due to motives,...
Husserl's Transcendental Phenomenology: Nature, Spirit, and Life

Edmund Husserl (1859–1938) is regarded as the founder of transcendental phenomenology, one of the major traditions to emerge in twentieth-century philosophy. In this book Andrea Staiti unearths and examines the deep theoretical links between Husserl's phenomenology and the philosophical debates of his time, showing how his thought developed in response to the conflicting demands of Neo-Kantianism and life-philosophy. Drawing on the work of thinkers including Heinrich Rickert, Wilhelm Dilthey and Georg Simmel, as well as Husserl's writings on the natural and human sciences that are not available in English translation, Staiti illuminates a crucial chapter in the history of twentieth-century philosophy and enriches our understanding of Husserl's thought. His book will interest scholars and students of Husserl, phenomenology, and twentieth-century philosophy more generally.
Calcium phosphate cement enhances the torsional strength and stiffness of high tibial osteotomies

There has been a resurgence in the use of opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (owHTO). Calcium phosphate cement has been shown to improve strength in compression for augmentation of tibial plateau and owHTO fixation. However, knee kinematics includes a torsional load during ambulation, which is as yet unstudied in this model. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of injectable calcium phosphate cement on the biomechanical stability of standard high tibial osteotomy defect with applied torsional load and ultimate stiffness of the supporting construct. Testing was performed on 22 bone mineral density-matched and age-matched cadaver specimens. Intact specimens were treated with 10° opening wedge osteotomies, identical surgical techniques as clinically used and fixation provided by iBalance© PEEK implant (Arthrex, Naples FL). Nine specimens were augmented with calcium phosphate injectable cement, Quickset (Arthrex Inc., Naples Fl). Constructs were for construct stiffness, torsional loads to failure, and mechanisms of failure. As a gold-standard comparison group, four samples were tested with a titanium, fixed angle device alone: Contourlock plate (Arthrex Inc., Naples Fl). Peak torque to failure was significantly greater in samples augmented with calcium phosphate bone cement (23.0 ± 9.6 Nm) compared with specimens fixed with PEEK implant alone (18.1 ± 7.3). Construct stiffness in torsion was also significantly improved with bone cement application (349.0 ± 126.8 Nm/°) compared with PEEK implant alone (202.2 ± 153.4 Nm/°) and fixed angle implant system (142.9 ± 74.7 Nm/°). Injectable calcium phosphate cement improves the initial maximal torsional strength and stiffness of high tibial osteotomy construct.
Methods of obtaining information about the spins of particles

A particle may be produced in a reaction in either a pure or mixed spin state. The particle is said to be in a pure state if its spin wave function ϕ J is given by $${\varphi _J} = \sum\limits_{m = - J}^J {{a_m}\chi _J^m} ,$$ (3.1) where the χ J m are spin eigenfunctions with respect to some fixed direction in space and the a m are, in general, functions of the production angle. Since the a m are complex, they are specified by 2(2J + 1) real numbers. However, since an overall phase is unobservable, a pure state is specified by 4 J + 1 real numbers (or, if the state is normalized, by 4 J real numbers).
Predicting the extent of lakeshore development using GIS datasets

AbstractLand use along lakeshores impacts littoral habitat. We used raster-based land use and land cover datasets as well as a statewide dock polygon dataset to assess the development status of lake shoreland on 150 Minnesota lakes. A dataset containing dock polygons identified using a semiautomated process performed best statewide. An older raster dataset that classified rural development based on the presence of buildings performed better than a recent dataset based on dominant land cover. We classified points along the shore as developed or undeveloped using proximity to a development indicator: either a raster cell with a developed land use or a dock point. We compared classifications derived from GIS data to actual development, which was defined by the presence of a manually identified dock on aerial photos, and used total operating characteristic (TOC) analysis to evaluate the performance of each dataset. All 3 datasets classified development better than random chance. The dock dataset performed bes...
Resonance propagation of ac filters in a large-scale microgrid

Research into microgrids has become more promising during recent years. It has the potential of leading to a more resilient electric power delivery system in the face of system disturbances. Low pass ac filters are frequently adopted in microgrid power electronic interfaces that convert dc power to ac power because most of today's distribution grids have ac voltages. Compared to a simple L filter, higher order filters, such as LC or LCL filters, are preferred due to their more effective reduction of switching-frequency harmonics and smaller sizes. However, the resonance problems caused by paralleling multiple converters with LCL filters, especially those converters having large power ratings (e.g., in the MVA range), must be accounted for when designing the entire microgrid. The analyses and designs should consider not only the resonant stability of a single converter but also the resonance propagation between multiple converters. A microgrid resonance propagation circuit model is built and investigated in this paper. Experimental waveforms validate the proposed analyses.
Optimal Linear Combinations of Overlapping Variance Estimators for Steady-State Simulation

To estimate the variance parameter (i.e., the sum of covariances at all lags) of a steady-state simulation output process, we formulate an optimal linear combination of overlapping variance estimators (OLCOVE). Each variance estimator is computed from the same data set using one of the following methods: (i) overlapping batch means (OBM); or (ii) standardized time series (STS) applied to overlapping batches separately and then averaged over all such batches. Each estimator’s batch size is a fixed real multiple (at least unity) of a base batch size, appropriately rounded. The overall sample size is a fixed integral multiple of the base batch size. Exploiting the control-variates method, we assign OLCOVE coefficients so as to yield a minimum-variance estimator. We establish asymptotic properties of the bias and variance of OLCOVEs computed from OBM or STS variance estimators as the base batch size increases. Finally, we use OLCOVEs to construct confidence intervals for both the mean and the variance parameter of the target process. An experimental performance evaluation revealed the potential benefits of using OLCOVEs for steady-state simulation analysis.
Cross-protection against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus mediated by a CD4+ T-cell clone specific for an envelope glycoprotein epitope of Lassa virus.

Abstract Recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the Lassa virus (LV) envelope glycoprotein precursor, V-LSGPC, was used to study the basis of LV-induced cross-protective immunity against the closely related arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). C3H/HeJ mice primed with V-LSGPC developed neither circulating antibodies nor CD8+ cytotoxic T cells specific for LCMV, yet they resisted a normally lethal LCMV challenge. Spleen cells from such mice gave a proliferative response to LCMV in vitro that was inhibitable by anti-CD4 antibody. Synthetic peptides corresponding to predicted T-cell sites common to the envelope glycoprotein precursor (GP-C) of LV and that of LCMV were used to map the specificity of the proliferative response to an epitope located between amino acids 403 and 417 of LV GP-C. Several CD4+ T-cell clones specific for the 403-417 peptide were isolated and found to produce gamma interferon in response to both the peptide and LCMV. One of these clones, C9, was selected for further study. C9 lysed I-AK-bearing target cells, and when adoptively transferred to C3H/HeJ mice, it was capable of mediating both a peptide-specific delayed hypersensitivity reaction and resistance to lethal LCMV challenge. These collective findings demonstrate, for the first time, that CD4+ T cells can play a major role in arenavirus-specific cross-protective immunity.
Jaguar Critical Habitat Designation Causes Concern for Southwestern Ranchers

On the Ground The designation of jaguar critical habitat in April 2014 in southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico created concern for livestock ranchers in the region. We interviewed ranchers to understand their concerns with the jaguar critical habitat designation and their attitudes toward jaguars, wildlife conservation, and resource management in general. Ranchers we interviewed were concerned about direct impacts of designated critical habitat on ranching, as well as possible alternative agendas of critical habitat advocates and issues specific to the borderlands region. The ranchers were less concerned about the presence of jaguars but were more concerned about possible limiting effects of the Endangered Species Act (ESA), distrust of government entities, and litigious environmental groups. To maximize effectiveness, government agencies should work to foster trust in the ranching community, be cognizant of sensitive issues specific to the region that may challenge endangered species conservation...
Parsimony analysis of endemism (PAE) and studies of Mexican biogeography

PARSIMONY ANALYSIS OF ENDEMISM (PAE) HAS BECOME A POPULAR ANALYTICAL APPROACH IN EFFORTS TO MAP THE BIOGEOGRAPHY OF MEXICAN BIOTAS. ALTHOUGH ATTRACTIVE, THE TECHNIQUE HAS SERIOUS DRAWBACKS THAT MAKE CORRECT INFERENCES OF BIOGEOGRAPHIC HISTORY UNLIKELY, WHICH HAS BEEN NOTED AMPLY IN THE BROADER LITERATURE
Support vector machines for class representation and discrimination

Distinguishing one object class from others is the main task of many classification systems. However, often a classifier must also be able to reject non-object inputs and must thus achieve both rejection and classification. We address this problem with a novel support vector representation and discrimination machine (SVRDM). The support-vector-based nature allows the SVRDM to exhibit good generalization. The SVRDM allows rejection of non-object data, while the standard SVMs do not do well at this. We present results on synthetic data and on the pose, illumination and expression (PIE) database that demonstrate that the SVRDM outperforms popular classifiers.
A Model of General Economic Equilibrium

The subject of this paper is the solution of a typical economic equation system. The system has the following properties: (1) Goods are produced not only from “ natural factors of production,” but in the first place from each other. These processes of production may be circular, i.e. good G1 is produced with the aid of good G2, and G2 with the aid of G1. (2) There may be more technically possible processes of production than goods and for this reason “ counting of equations ” is of no avail. The problem is rather to establish which processes will actually be used and which not (being “ unprofitable”).
Control of blood-gas and acid-base status during isometric exercise in humans

1. At a given level of pulmonary gas exchange, ventilation (VE) is appreciably higher during isometric exercise than during isotonic exercise. It is presently not clear whether the resultant hypocapnia represents a compensatory hyperventilation for an arterial metabolic acidaemia or whether it might reflect a primary respiratory alkalaemia. 2. To resolve this issue, five subjects performed isometric leg exercise designed to induce exhaustion in ca. 5 min and, on a separate occasion, ca. 8 min. VE, CO2 output (VCO2), O2 uptake (VO2) and end-tidal gas tensions (PET,CO2, PET,O2) were measured breath-by-breath during exercise and recovery; arterialized venous blood (drawn from the dorsum of the heated hand) was sampled frequently and analysed for PCO2, PO2, pH, bicarbonate and lactate. These response profiles were compared with those resulting from exhausting bouts of isotonic leg exercise (cycle ergometry) of similar duration. 3. The isotonic exercise induced a metabolic (lactic) acidaemia with partial respiratory compensation. In contrast, isometric exercise consistently resulted in a respiratory alkalaemia, with little or no increase of blood [lactate]. At the end of the isometric exercise, VE fell abruptly and then rose again after a short interval (20 s, on average). This secondary stimulation presumably reflected the acid-base consequences of the increased blood [lactate] (3-5 mM, on average) which occurred in the recovery phase. 4. We therefore conclude that a primary respiratory alkalaemia occurs during isometric exercise, and that this results from ventilatory stimulation at a time when the 'exercise' metabolites are trapped within the contracting muscles as a consequence of impeded blood flow. The initial rapid reduction of ventilation which occurred at the cessation of the isometric exercise is consistent with a washing-out of 'hyperpnoea-inducing' metabolites from the muscles. Allowing for transit to the central circulation, the reduced ventilation is subsequently supplemented by a powerful humoral drive to breathe which results in a further hyperpnoea and secondary hypocapnia. Because of its latency, we hypothesize that this secondary hypocapnia is of peripheral chemoreceptor origin. 5. The ventilatory response profile for isometric exercise, and the subsequent recovery phase, supports the contention that both the exercising muscles and the peripheral chemoreceptors can be important sites for inducing hyperpnoea in humans.
Listeria Monocytogenes infections.

This article reviews current information regarding human infection withListeria monocytogenes. Significant advances have occurred in regard to our knowledge of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, immunology, and treatment of this disease which was formerly believed to be of importance mainly to veterinarians. It remains a cause of high mortality in the many different groups of compromised hosts in infects unless diagnosis and treatment are rapidly established.
New insights into sampling strategies for imaging strongly scattering targets

Recent advances in methods to invert data from strongly scattering targets has revealed the need to rethink how best to sample the scattered field. For strongly scattering targets, the inversion procedure is inherently nonlinear and we show that usual sampling procedures based on Shannon sampling concepts are inadequate and some prior knowledge of the maximum permittivity or refractive index of the target plays an important role.
The other Side of the Coin

(1994). The other Side of the Coin. Journal of American College Health: Vol. 42, Alcohol and Other Drugs on the College Campus, pp. 305-308.
Genetic complexity of autoimmune myocarditis

Autoimmune myocarditis, a chronic stage of myocardial inflammation, occurs in a small subset of patients after acute cardiotropic viral infection and can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). This disease can be recapitulated in susceptible mouse strains by infection with coxsackievirus B3, or by immunization with cardiac myosin or cardiac troponin I. The etiologies of myocarditis are multifactorial and genetically complex. Genetic linkage between susceptibility to myocarditis/DCM and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes has been reported in both humans and experimentally induced mouse models. However, unlike other autoimmune diseases, the non-MHC genes seem to have greater impact than MHC genes on disease susceptibility. Several myocarditis-related non-MHC loci have been identified by our laboratory and others in different models. Most of these loci overlap with other autoimmune disease susceptibility loci, suggesting common or shared genetic traits influencing general autoimmunity. For example, we have demonstrated that Eam1 and Eam2 may influence disease susceptibility via regulating T cell apoptosis at different developmental stages. Blockade of signaling through specific genes, such as CTLA4, ICOS and PD-1, can either enhance or prevent the development of experimental autoimmune myocarditis, but it remains unclear whether functional polymorphisms in these genes are involved in predisposition to disease. In humans, mutations/deletions in immunologically important genes such as CD45, and genes encoding cardiac proteins, have been reported in patients with recurrent myocarditis or DCM. Identification of genetic polymorphisms controlling autoimmune myocarditis will help us understand the mechanisms underlying autoimmune diseases in general, thereby improving potential therapies in patients.
Operational Prediction of Groundwater Fluctuation in South Florida using Sequence Based Markovian Stochastic Model

The ecosystem of South Florida is characterized by a vast wetland system, karst surficial hydrogeology, and extended coastal boundary. The ecosystem is poised under risks of: ecological failure due to increased fragmentation by urbanization; groundwater flow disruption because of sinkhole formation; and intrusion of oceanic water with decreasing water table head because of drought or over pumping. It was found important to synthesize the spatiotemporal state of the groundwater hydrology and also develop a forecasting model to support the intensive management and monitoring in place. In this study, an objective was set to develop a stochastic sequence model capable of forecasting groundwater levels on a monthly span at a daily time scale. The groundwater level simulation was conceptualized as a sequence of daily fluctuating states of magnitudes and patterns that has a defined probability of occurrence. The model setup involved representation of daily fluctuation magnitudes in ten states and pattern changes in three states. The sequential occurrence of states of magnitudes and patterns at each time step was used for estimation of the transitional probabilities and employed in a hidden Markov model frame work for ensemble generation and estimation of posterior probabilities. A realization was chosen based on the highest maximum likelihood ratio of 90% and smallest root mean square error of 0.05–0.12 m against the historical data. A monthly forecasting at daily time step was done dynamically incorporating observed data at each time step and revising prior and posterior probability estimation in the hidden Markov model formulation. A case study was conducted at three well sites, which are situated at three different hydrogeologic settings. The model not only reproduced annual groundwater fluctuation patterns but also forecasted preceding monthly fluctuations at maximum likelihood ratio above 90% and root mean square error below 0.15 m. A further study was recommended first to analyze break point parametric estimation for seasonal analysis, and secondly to integrate the approach in other hydrological models for the purpose of synthetic groundwater fluctuation generation.
Adolescent sleep, risk behaviors, and depressive symptoms: are they linked?

Objective To explore how weekday and weekend sleep patterns are related to adolescent substance use, depressive symptoms, and school truancy. Methods Selfreport surveys of 242 youth (93.4% white, mean age 16.4 years). Results Longer weekday sleep duration was inversely associated with depressive symptoms, past month alcohol use, and drunkenness. Later weekend bedtime and wake-times, compared to those of weekdays, were associated with increased substance use and truancy. Conclusions Weekday sleep duration appears to be protective for substance use, depression and school truancy for teenagers. However, inconsistent sleep patterns between weekdays and weekends were associated with a range of markers for adolescent risk.
A time‐based adaptive retry strategy for video streaming in 802.11 WLANs

Video streaming over time-varying, error-prone wireless LANs (WLANs) poses many challenges. One problem is that WLANs are designed without awareness of the characteristics of application data, which causes performance degradation in a noisy or congested environment. In this paper, we propose a time-based adaptive retry (TAR) mechanism for MPEG-like video streaming over 802.11 wireless networks. TAR dynamically determines whether to send or discard a packet based on its retransmission deadline instead of adopting a static retry limit uniformly over all the packets. Our approach can adapt the retry limit for each individual packet, thus providing indirect unequal error protection over different types of video frames. Analytical and simulation results show that TAR significantly improves video quality and saves channel bandwidth. We also describe a preliminary software-based implementation of TAR and use it to demonstrate the practicality of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.