cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Art Therapy in Reducing Depression in Prison Populations

Major obstacles block the effectiveness of therapy in prison. Many inmates have an inherent mistrust for verbal disclosure. Rigid defenses exist for basic survival. Despite these defenses, there has been support for art therapy as a valuable tool. Unfortunately, there has been little research to measure the effectiveness of art therapy in prison. Two quantitative studies were initiated in a North Florida prison to measure the effectiveness of art therapy with inmates, specifically in decreasing depressive symptoms. This article will present a pilot and follow-up study. The methods, including the Formal Elements Art Therapy Scale (FEATS) and the Beck Depression Inventory–Short Form, will be delineated. What was revealed was that although the FEATS proved more effective as a measurement tool for the pilot than for the follow-up study, ultimately, the results reflected a significant decrease in depressive symptoms in those inmates who participated in the program.
Computational Anthropomorphic Models of the Human Anatomy: The Path to Realistic Monte Carlo Modeling in Radiological Sciences

The widespread availability of high-performance computing and popularity of simulations stimulated the development of computational anthropomorphic models of the human anatomy for medical imaging modalities and dosimetry calculations. The widespread interest in molecular imaging spurred the development of more realistic three- to five-dimensional computational models based on the actual anatomy and physiology of individual humans and small animals. These can be defined by either mathematical (analytical) functions or digital (voxel-based) volume arrays (or a combination of both), thus allowing the simulation of medical imaging data that are ever closer to actual patient data. The paradigm shift away from the stylized human models is imminent with the development of more than 30 voxel-based tomographic models in recent years based on anatomical medical images. We review the fundamental and technical challenges of designing computational models of the human anatomy, and focus particularly on the latest developments and future directions of their application in the simulation of radiological imaging systems and dosimetry calculations.
Spinoza and Wang Yang-Ming

This paper is a design which will bring into relief certain striking and crucial similarities between things said in Spinoza's Ethics and Wang Yang-ming's Instructions for Practical Living . I am not concerned with points of close scholarship. My purpose is to deepen our understanding of The Ethics and perhaps, thereby, to make it more useful than it has been. I want also to bring this out: if we read these men as though they presented a philosophy or had worked out a system of ideas, their usefulness as teachers is lost. Finally, I am trying by these means to make mysticism clearer.
Identification in the Self-Managing Organization Characteristics of Target and Tenure

This study examines the characteristics of worker identification with two targets at the same time: the workers' self-managing team and the larger organization that created the teams. We administered the Organizational Identification Questionnaire in such a way as to tap levels of identification with each target and used the results of an ethnographic study of the subjects to enhance our analysis. Our data suggest that workers identified more strongly with their team than with their company, particularly in terms of loyalty. In addition, long-term workers reported more identification with both their team and company than did short-term workers. The results support the assertion that a concertive (or team-based) system of control is more powerful, even if less obtrusive, than its bureaucratic predecessor.
Imaging of the pediatric airway.

Summary Airway compromise can be fixed, dynamic (with varying degrees of collapse during the respiratory cycle), or exhibit both components. The location of the abnormality can be classified as extrinsic (located outside but exerting mass effect on the airway) or intrinsic (intramural and/or intraluminal). The etiologies of airway compromise are categorized as: congenital, infectious, inflammatory, traumatic, vascular, or neoplastic (1). The role of imaging of the airway is to determine the presence, nature and anatomic level of airway compromise, categorize it as intrinsic or extrinsic, provide a differential diagnosis, and guide further imaging or management (1). The differential diagnosis of a lesion takes into account the patient’s age and gender, location of the lesion, clinical presentation, and imaging appearance.
The self-trapping attractor neural network. I. Analysis of a simple 1-D model

Attractor neural networks (ANNs) based on the Ising model are naturally fully connected and are homogeneous in structure. These features permit a deep understanding of the underlying mechanism, but limit the applicability of these models to the brain. A more biologically realistic model can be derived from an equally simple physical model by utilizing recurrent self-trapping inputs to supplement very sparse intranetwork interactions. This paper reports the analysis of a one-dimensional (1-D) ANN coupled to a second system that computes overlaps with a single stored memory. Results show that: 1) the 1-D self-trapping model is equivalent to an isolated ANN with both full connectivity of one strength and nearest neighbor synapses of an independent strength; 2) the dynamics of ANN and self-trapping updates are independent; 3) there is a critical synaptic noise level below which memory retrieval occurs; 4) the 1-D self-trapping model converges to a fully connected Hopfield model for zero strength nearest neighbor synapses, and has a greater magnitude memory overlap for nonzero strength nearest neighbor synapses; and (5) the mechanism of self-trapping is an iterative map on the mean overlap as a function of the reentrant input.
Student-directed learning in a graduate software engineering course

Adult students share a unique set of learning characteristics, one of which is a strong desire to control their learning experience. Ideally, software engineering education for adults should support students' desire for self-direction by allowing students to absorb material in the manner in which each individual learns best, while at the same time allowing students the freedom to explore topics of interest. This paper describes an investigation into self-directed learning in a Web application design and development course which uses a student-defined project approach. Results of an ongoing survey-based study performed by the instructor to determine student attitude toward the student-defined project are discussed. Students were surveyed on their opinions at the beginning and end of the semester. Results indicate that students enjoy the self-deterministic approach used in the project, and approval of the student-directed approach showed an increase from the beginning of the semester to the end.
HtrA2 regulates β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism through endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation

Alzheimer disease-associated β-amyloid peptide is generated from its precursor protein APP. By using the yeast two-hybrid assay, here we identified HtrA2/Omi, a stress-responsive chaperone-protease as a protein binding to the N-terminal cysteinerich region of APP. HtrA2 coimmunoprecipitates exclusively with immature APP from cell lysates as well as mouse brain extracts and degrades APP in vitro. A subpopulation of HtrA2 localizes to the cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane where it contributes to ER-associated degradation of APP together with the proteasome. Inhibition of the proteasome results in accumulation of retrotranslocated forms of APP and increased association of APP with HtrA2 and Derlin-1 in microsomal membranes. In cells lacking HtrA2, APP holoprotein is stabilized and accumulates in the early secretory pathway correlating with elevated levels of APP C-terminal fragments and increased Aβ secretion. Inhibition of ER-associated degradation (either HtrA2 or proteasome) promotes binding of APP to the COPII protein Sec23 suggesting enhanced trafficking of APP out of the ER. Based on these results we suggest a novel function for HtrA2 as a regulator of APP metabolism through ER-associated degradation.
Transthoracic Ventricular Defibrillation with Triangular and Trapezoidal Waveforms

From 7, 200 fibrillation-defibrillation episodes in anesthetized dogs, the effectiveness of 6 classes of unidirectional shocks in reversing ventricular fibrillation of 30-sec duration was determined. The shocks lasted for 1 to 256 msec. Three waveforms (ascending ramp triangular, descending ramp triangular, and trapezoidal) were studied at peak currents of 10 amp and 20 amp. Families of curves of per cent success vs. energy were derived from the data for the 6 classes of waveforms studied and from corresponding curves for 3 classes of unidirectional square-wave shocks previously studied by our group. The families of curves were used as a basis for an analysis of the influence of various parameters on the effectiveness of shocks. We conclude that an appropriate energy content is a necessary, but not sufficient condition for effective ventricular defibrillation, that long, low-amplitude tails on shocks are detrimental and that excessive energy content is detrimental.
Evaluation of Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS) cyclone forecasts using infrared satellite imagery

The Antarctic coast is an area of high cyclonic activity. Specifically, the regions of Terra Nova Bay, in the western Ross Sea, and Byrd Glacier, in the western Ross Ice Shelf, are prone to cyclone development. The United States, New Zealand, and Italian Antarctic programmes conduct extensive research activities in the region of the western Ross Sea. Due to the harsh weather conditions associated with the cyclonic systems that occur in this region and the abundant research activities in the area, it is important to be able to accurately predict the timing, location and strength of cyclones in this sector of Antarctica. This study evaluates the ability of the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (from 2006–09) to accurately forecast cyclones in the region of the western Ross Sea by comparing the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System forecasts to cyclones identified in infrared satellite imagery. The results indicate that the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System is able to accurately predict the presence of cyclones about 40% of the time (at a minimum) and the presence of no cyclones about 70% of the time.
The scene of a frozen accident

It has been suggested that in vitro selection experiments can provide information not only on what might have occurred during the evolution of the RNA world, but can in fact yield insights into particular features of the RNA world. In particular, it has been suggested that the sequences of anti-amino acid aptamers can provide clues to the origin of the genetic code, and that there is a statistically significant association between motifs found in aptamers and codons. We argue that the suggested connections between modern motifs and ancient sequences are logically tenuous, and show that there is no statistically meaningful association between motifs found in aptamers and codons.
Scanning electrochemical microscopy study of ion annihilation electrogenerated chemiluminescence of rubrene and [Ru(bpy)3]2+.

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was used for the study of electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) in the radical annihilation mode. The concurrent steady-state generation of radical ions in the microgap formed between a SECM probe and a transparent microsubstrate provides a distance-dependent ECL signal that can provide information about the kinetics, stability, and mechanism of the light emission process. In the present study, the ECL emission from rubrene and [Ru(bpy)3]2+ was used to model the system by carrying out experiments with the SECM and light-detecting apparatus inside an inert atmosphere box. We studied the influence of the distance between the two electrodes, d, and the annihilation kinetics on the ECL light emission profiles under steady-state conditions, as well as the ECL profiles when carrying out cyclic voltammetry (CV) at a fixed d. Experimental results are compared to simulated results obtained through commercial finite element method software. The light produced by annihil...
National fuel-treatment budgeting in US federal agencies: Capturing opportunities for transparent decision-making

The Ecosystem Management Decision Support (EMDS) system has been used by the US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service and Bureaus of the Department of the Interior since 2006 to evaluate wildfire potential across all administrative units in the continental US, and to establish priorities for allocating fuel-treatment budgets. This article discusses an EMDS fuels-treatment decision-support application, agency experiences with the application, and the extent to which it addressed concerns in Congress, and those of the General Accountability Office. EMDS aids the budget allocation process by providing a rational, transparent, and reproducible process that can be clearly communicated to Congressional staff and oversight personnel. However, practical application of this decision-support process was not without challenges, which included missing or suboptimal data, clearly articulated fuels management objectives, and improved understanding (via re-assessing decision logic from prior years) of trade-offs in decision-making.
Nondestructive determination of soluble solids in tomatoes using near infrared spectroscopy.

A nondestructive optical method for determining the soluble solids content of fresh whole tomatoes was investigated. The method, based upon near infrared spectrophotometric techniques, could predict the soluble solids content of tomatoes (r 5 0.92, SEC 5 0.277Brix). Tomatoes from more than 30 popular fresh market cultivars at stages of maturity from mature green to ripe red fruit were studied.
Characterization and Correction of Aquarius Long Term Calibration Drift Using On-Earth Brightness Temperature Refernces

The Aquarius/SAC-D mission was launched on June 10, 2011 from Vandenberg Air Force Base. Aquarius consists of an L-band radiometer and scatterometer intended to provide global maps of sea surface salinity. One of the main mission objectives is to provide monthly global salinity maps for climate studies of ocean circulation, surface evaporation and precipitation, air/sea interactions and other processes. Therefore, it is critical that any spatial or temporal systematic biases be characterized and corrected. One of the main mission requirements is to measure salinity with an accuracy of 0.2 psu on montly time scales which requires a brightness temperature stability of about 0.1K, which is a challenging requirement for the radiometer. A secondary use of the Aquarius data is for soil moisture applications, which requires brightness temperature stability at the warmer end of the brightness temperature dynamic range. Soon after launch, time variable drifts were observed in the Aquarius data compared to in-situ data from ARGO and models for the ocean surface salinity. These drifts could arise from a number of sources, including the various components of the retrieval algorithm, such as the correction for direct and reflected galactic emission, or from the instrument brightness temperature calibration. If arising from the brightness temperature calibration, they could have gain and offset components. It is critical that the nature of the drifts be understood before a suitable correction can be implemented. This paper describes the approach that was used to detect and characterize the components of the drift that were in the brightness temperature calibration using on-Earth reference targets that were independent of the ocean model.
Degrees of Freedom for the 4 User SIMO Interference Channel

The 4 user single input multiple output (SIMO) Gaussian interference channel where each transmitter has a single antenna and each receiver has two antennas is studied. We show that if the channel coefficients are time-varying and drawn from a continuous distribution, the maximum number of spatial degrees of freedom per orthogonal time dimension for this channel is 8/3 almost surely. Achievability is based on the idea of interference alignment, i.e., signal spaces are aligned at receiver where they constitute interference while they are separable at receivers where they are desired.
Automatic segmentation of skin lesion images using evolution strategies

Abstract Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer and represents 50 % of all new cancers detected each year. However, if detected at an early stage, simple and economic treatments can cure most skin cancers. Accurate skin lesion segmentation is critical in automated skin cancer early detection and diagnosis systems. In this paper, we present an evolution strategy (ES) based segmentation algorithm to identify the lesion area within an ellipse. The method is applied to a set of 51 crosspolarization and 60 transillumination images segmented manually by a dermatologist, which are used as ground truth. Unlike most segmentation procedures, the proposed ES-based method can detect the lesion automatically without setting parameters and initial values by trial and error. Compared to results from our previous work, the ES-based method gives comparable accuracy for easily segmented images and much better results for images with either higher noise level, less prominent edges, or very small size lesions.
A hypertext for literate programming

In this paper we describe a hypertext presentation for the WEB system for literate programming. The requirements for an environment for modern literate programming are analyzed and the WEB hypertext system is proposed. Different types of windows for displaying text, indices and graphical representations are discussed. All semantic links and operators using them are analyzed. The proposed architecture of the WEB hypertext system includes a general purpose relational database management system. Mapping between hypertext queries and relational database queries is provided. The system allows the user to define new hypertext operations by providing the corresponding SQL queries for the underlying relational database. The described system can be easily extended by many other types of queries and applications.
Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry

Forensic psychology/psychiatry can be broadly defined as the application of psychological principles to the legal system. The field has grown substantially since its inception in the early twentieth century, and it currently includes mental health professionals working in a variety of settings, including correctional facilities, mental health clinics, psychiatric hospitals, universities, law enforcement, courts, and government agencies. Forensic psychologists and psychiatrists may engage in clinical work (e.g., assessment, treatment, and consultation), or pursue research interests at the intersection of human behavior and the law.
Medical and surgical issues in the Persian Gulf War.

This report includes the preparations for and the medical impact of the missile attacks launched by Iraq on Israel. It includes the authorization language for the preparations, the preparations undertaken, the perceived threat to the civilian population of Israel, the operational plans activated, the attacks and the medical impact of these attacks, the number and types of casualties, the damage to property, and the initial and subsequent protection times. There occurred a total of 18 missile attacks with 40 conventional missiles launched against Israeli civilians. They resulted in an 4.4 times overall increase in the number of ambulance responses, 228 civilians injured; and two deaths. In addition, five persons died of myocardial infarction related to these attacks. Eight persons died of suffocation due to use of the gas masks.
The Impact of Deployment on Attachment Relationships

ABSTRACTMilitary families must navigate the various deployment phases that may occur during sensitive periods of attachment formation and uniquely affect the parent–child bond. Employing community-based participatory research (CBPR) principles, focus groups were conducted with military-involved parents (n = 18) to better understand the psychosocial needs of children. Using grounded theory, we found that attachment issues surfaced as a strong theme. Despite their belief of being present via technology, parents found their children were not digitally connected in the same way, receiving the returning parent in unexpected ways. Strategies are discussed to develop interventions that will help reintegrate deployed service members into their families, including supporting and rebuilding parent–child relationships.
Chemisorption of H 2 O on the surface of Ti 2 O 3 : Role of d electrons and ligand geometry

The interaction of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O with both nearly perfect and defect ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ surfaces has been studied by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy. Perfect ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (047) surfaces, which contain fivefold O-coordinated ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{3+}$ cations, rapidly chemisorb molecular ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O, with an accompanying transfer of electrons from the Ti ${a}_{1g}$ band to the molecule-surface complex. Saturation coverage of adsorbed ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O is less than one-half monolayer. The extramolecular relaxation-polarization shift for molecularly adsorbed ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O is 1.0 eV, and the O-lone-pair orbital is dominant in bonding to the surface. There is no evidence for dissociative chemisorption of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O on ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (047). On ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ surfaces containing a high density of defects, dissociative adsorption of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O is observed; the chemisorbed species is believed to be O${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ radicals. Some molecular adsorption of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O may also occur for larger exposures. These results indicate that the presence of ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{3+}$ surface ions alone is not sufficient to catalyze the dissociation of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O, in contrast to previous interpretations of data on Ti${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ and SrTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. Presumably other Ti valence states or the more complicated ligand structure of defect sites are required for dissociation of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O.
Novel Treatment of a Scapholunate Ligament Injury with Proximal Pole Scaphoid Nonunion

Background Nonunion of scaphoid proximal pole fractures presents a challenging management dilemma to hand surgeons. This problem is further complicated in the uncommon concurrence of scapholunate (SL) ligament disruption. Case Description A 39-year-old male patient presented with new-onset wrist pain following a remote history of a proximal pole scaphoid fracture sustained as a teenager, which was treated nonoperatively. Six months before presentation, the patient sustained a fall while snowboarding. The patient was found to have a chronic nonunion of his scaphoid proximal pole with an associated SL ligament disruption. As the proximal fragment was too small to be amenable to fixation, the patient was treated with an arthroscopic partial scaphoid excision and SL ligament reconstruction using a scapholunateintercarpal screw placed percutaneously. At 26 months, the patient exhibited no pain, near-normal strength, and wrist motion, and expressed a high-level of satisfaction from his surgery. Literature Review Although cases of SL ligament disruption with concomitant proximal scaphoid fractures have been reported, to our knowledge, this is the first report of SL ligament rupture occurring in the setting of a preexisting proximal pole scaphoid nonunion. Clinical Relevance We report the use of SL ligament reconstruction augmented with intercarpal screw fixation, and excision of the proximal pole scaphoid nonunion. This minimallyinvasive approach may be a particularly useful option in young, active patients such as our own, where a motion-sacrificing salvage procedure would be less than ideal.
Analysis on hazards of lead exposure in a private lead battery enterprise

[Objective]To monitor and analyze the occupational hazard factors related to lead exposure in a private lead battery enterprise,provide a scientific basis for personal protection and health surveillance among lead-exposed workers in the future.[Methods]The field occupational investigation was used to know the current situation of occupational health management in this enterprise. The contents of lead fume and lead dust in workplace were detected according to GBZ 159-2004,GBZ / T 160. 10-2004 and GBZ 2. 1-2007. In combination with occupational health examination,the influencing factors of blood lead concentration among workers were analyzed.[Results]The lead fume and lead dust were found in this enterprise,and the over standard rate of lead fume and lead dust was 92. 1%. The lead-exposed workers with higher blood lead concentration accounted for 77. 5%. The blood lead concentration was related to length of service,educational level,bathing before off-duty,and the awareness rate of knowledge about lead exposure( all P 0. 05).[Conclusion]There are obvious hazards of lead exposure in this private enterprise. It is necessary to improve the working environment,and strengthen the health education and occupational protection among lead-exposed workers.
FNFD: A Fast Scheme to Detect and Verify Non-Technical Loss Fraud in Smart Grid

Non-Technical Loss (NTL) fraud is a very common fraud in power systems. In traditional power grid, energy theft, via meter tampering, is the main form of NTL fraud. With the rise of Smart Grid, adversaries can take advantage of two-way communication to commit NTL frauds by meter manipulation or network intrusion. Previous schemes were proposed to detect NTL frauds but are not efficient. In this paper, we propose a Fast NTL Fraud Detection and verification scheme (FNFD). FNFD is based on Recursive Least Square (RLS) to model adversary behavior. Experimental results show that FNFD outperforms existing schemes in terms of efficiency and overhead.
Are the neurodevelopmental effects of gonadal hormones related to sex differences in psychiatric illnesses

There are large sex differences in the incidence of many psychiatric diseases. The bases for these sex differences are probably complex and are likely to involve the interaction of both social and biological factors. Probable social factors include child rearing practices, personal expectations and lifestyles, and societal institutions. Biological factors would likely include genetic effects, hormonally mediated neurodevelopmental effects and hormonally mediated neuroregulatory effects. This paper focuses upon the developmental effects of gonadal hormones. The sex differences observed in the neuroanatomy and behavior of nonhuman mammals are reviewed. The instances in which developmental exposure to gonadal hormones has been demonstrated to be involved in establishing these sexual dichotomies are surveyed. The molecular mechanisms by which differences in prenatal and early postnatal levels of gonadal hormones may generate such sex differences are examined. Sex differences in human neuroanatomy and cognitive function are discussed. Finally, we speculate on ways in which similar hormonal mechanisms might act to influence psychiatric disorders.
The Effect of Rail Defects on Track Impact Factors

This paper investigates the effect of rail surface flaws on track impact factors for different track and vehicle conditions. For this purpose, a three dimensional vehicle and track as an integrated system modelled. The vehicle, consists car body, bogie frames and wheelsets, is able to model displacements in vertical and lateral directions. Hertz nonlinear springs utilized to connect vehicle to track structure and simulate the interaction between vehicle and track subsystems. Track comprises rail, rail pads, sleepers and ballast materials. For each subsystem, matrices of mass, stiffness and damping were formed and then matrices of total vehicle-track system considering their interaction were solved. Using FRA spectral density functions for rail irregularities, response of track with different qualities to train dynamic forces obtained. Rail random irregularities, rail corrugation and rail joint defects as three common rail defects have been considered in this paper. For each defects the influence of different track and train parameters on impact factor has been studied. The results of study indicate substantial effect of the depth and frequency of the rail flaws on impact factors. This paper has also considered the impact of vehicle speed on dynamic forces and found the critical speed for each case.
Fine Particulate Matter and Total Mortality in Cancer Prevention Study Cohort Reanalysis

Background:In 1997 the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for fine particulate matter (PM2.5), largely because of its positive relationship to total mortality in the 1982 American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study (CPS II) cohort. Subsequently, EPA has used this relationship as the primary justification for many costly regulations, most recently the Clean Power Plan. An independent analysis of the CPS II data was conducted in order to test the validity of this relationship.Methods:The original CPS II questionnaire data, including 1982 to 1988 mortality follow-up, were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results were obtained for 292 277 participants in 85 counties with 1979-1983 EPA Inhalable Particulate Network PM2.5 measurements, as well as for 212 370 participants in the 50 counties used in the original 1995 analysis.Results:The 1982 to 1988 relative risk (RR) of death from all causes and 95% confidence interval ad...
The Value of Estimated Functional Capacity in Estimating Outcome: Results From the NHBLI-Sponsored Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Study

Objectives Our objective was to determine the prognostic value of estimated metabolic equivalents (METs) based on self-reported functional capacity by the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) in symptomatic women. Background Functional capacity is an important component affecting the predictive value of exercise testing, yet current guidelines offer limited assistance regarding identification of functional impairment and choice of pharmacologic stress testing. Methods A total of 914 women underwent clinically indicated coronary angiography and completed the 12-item DASI questionnaire; a subgroup of 251 women also underwent exercise testing. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate five-year death or myocardial infarction by DASI scores. In a secondary analysis, additional events included unstable angina, heart failure, or stroke at five years. Results Average DASI-estimated functional capacity was 5.7 ± 4.2 METs and, for exercising women, 6.0 ± 2.6 METs. In the 914 women, event-free survival ranged from 83% to 95% in subgroups with ≤4.7 to >9.9 METs (p = 0.009); 67% of the events occurred in women scoring ≤4.7 METs (p = 0.003). Event rates were similar by exercise and DASI MET values. In women with DASI-estimated METs ≤4.7 (n = 75), ischemia occurred less (39% vs. 64%, p 4.7 METs. Conclusions Among women with suspected myocardial ischemia, functional impairment estimated by the DASI correlates with indeterminate exercise test results and is associated with an adverse prognosis. Use of the DASI before exercise testing can risk stratify symptomatic women and may improve the identification of higher-risk, functionally impaired subjects that would benefit from pharmacologic stress imaging and targeted risk management.
Adaptive filtering for hidden node detection and tracking in networks

The identification of network connectivity from noisy time series is of great interest in the study of network dynamics. This connectivity estimation problem becomes more complicated when we consider the possibility of hidden nodes within the network. These hidden nodes act as unknown drivers on our network and their presence can lead to the identification of false connections, resulting in incorrect network inference. Detecting the parts of the network they are acting on is thus critical. Here, we propose a novel method for hidden node detection based on an adaptive filtering framework with specific application to neuronal networks. We consider the hidden node as a problem of missing variables when model fitting and show that the estimated system noise covariance provided by the adaptive filter can be used to localize the influence of the hidden nodes and distinguish the effects of different hidden nodes. Additionally, we show that the sequential nature of our algorithm allows for tracking changes in the hidden node influence over time.
A survey to evaluate facilitators and barriers to quality measurement and improvement: Adapting tools for implementation research in palliative care programs

Abstract Context Although critical for improving patient outcomes, palliative care quality indicators are not yet widely used. Better understanding of facilitators and barriers to palliative care quality measurement and improvement might improve their use and program quality. Objectives Development of a survey tool to assess palliative care team perspectives on facilitators and barriers to quality measurement and improvement in palliative care programs. Methods We used the adapted Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to define domains and constructs to select instruments. We assembled a draft survey and assessed content validity through pilot testing and cognitive interviews with experts and frontline practitioners for key items. We analyzed responses using a constant comparative process to assess survey item issues and potential solutions. We developed a final survey using these results. Results The survey includes five published instruments and two additional item sets. Domains include organizational characteristics, individual and team characteristics, intervention characteristics, and process of implementation. Survey modules include Quality Improvement in Palliative Care, Implementing Quality Improvement in the Palliative Care Program, Teamwork and Communication, Measuring the Quality of Palliative Care, and Palliative Care Quality in Your Program. Key refinements from cognitive interviews included item wording on palliative care team members, programs, and quality issues. Conclusion This novel, adaptable instrument assesses palliative care team perspectives on barriers and facilitators for quality measurement and improvement in palliative care programs. Next steps include evaluation of the survey's construct validity and how survey results correlate with findings from program quality initiatives.
Effectiveness of an Image-based Sorter to Select for Kernel Color within Early Segregating Hard Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Populations

This study evaluated the effectiveness of an image sorter to select for kernel color within early generations of segregating hard winter wheat populations. The wheat crosses originated from different combinations of white and red parents. Three generations (F3, F4 and F5) of sorting were applied to six segregating populations. At each generation, samples of whitesorted, red-sorted, and unsorted populations, along with the parents of the populations, were planted in replicated trials at multiple locations. The sorter processed 1kg sized samples in ~30 min and samples were sorted for 108 plots per season. ~10% of the F3 populations were sorted and planted as white-sort population. This resulted in minimal changes in the % of white kernels. ~3% of the F4 and F5 populations were sorted and planted as white-sorted populations and significant advancement occurred. The F6 populations of white-sorted samples from Dakota Lake ranged from 80% to 92% white kernels. The F6 populations from Brookings ranged from 53% to 83% white kernels. Sorting for red seed decreased the frequency of white seed as compared to the unsorted reference populations; however reductions, of white seeds in the red populations, were modest and required three cycles of selection for significant effect. The effectiveness of the image-sorter varied with population and environment and sorting methods.
Memory Activism in a Porous Field

This chapter analyzes the experience of Krakow’s Center for Jewish Culture. Originally an organization aimed at the architectural preservation of the city’s Jewish section, Kazimierz, the Center gradually became an advocate for the creation of “civic space.” The Center began to define this space as space for the questioning of Polish anti-Semitism and its prevalence in the Catholic Church. The Center’s evolution was in part, this chapter argues, a response to competitive memory actors, who intentionally or unintentionally created pathways to the Jewish past that emphasized tourism. These actors included the annual Festival of Jewish Culture, centered on international klezmer musicians, and tours based on Steven Spielberg’s film, Schindler’s List. For the Center and it allies, attachment to Polish innocence must be ruptured.
MightyScreen: An Open-Source Visualization Application for Screening Data Analysis:

Screening is a methodology widely used in biological and biomedical research. There are numerous visualization methods to validate screening data quality but very few visualization applications capable of hit selection. Here, we present MightyScreen ( mightyscreen.net ), a novel web-based application designed for visual data evaluation as well as visual hit selection. We believe MightyScreen is an intuitive and interactive addition to conventional hit selection methods. We also provide study cases showing how MightyScreen is used to visually explore screening data and make hit selections.
An easy-to-implement numerical method for quantifying time-dependent mudcake effects on near-wellbore stresses

Abstract The stress state around a wellbore is critical for wellbore stability evaluation in drilling engineering. This paper presents an easy-to-implement numerical method for quantifying the effects of time-dependent mudcake thickness buildup and permeability reduction on the evolutions of stress fields around a wellbore during drilling. A common difficulty in developing dynamic mudcake models in most commercial or in-house numerical codes is the manipulation of mudcake thickness over time to represent mudcake buildup during the simulation. To overcome this challenge, a one-parameter description of both thickness and permeability variations during mudcake buildup based on an equivalent mudcake filtration study is used to facilitate model development, without compromising accuracy of the solution. The presented numerical method is verified against existing analytical mudcake buildup solution. Near-wellbore stress variation with mudcake buildup is investigated by implementing the proposed method to the commercial finite-element code Abaqus.
The a Priori and Evidence

Especially since Kant’s day the concept of the “a priori” has generated controversy among philosophers. In a wider and less rigorous sense, one which seems acceptable to all disputants, “a priori” designates that knowledge or class of propositions which not only can be known to be true, but also are such that no experience can possibly disprove them or provide a counter-instance. In this sense the “a priori” is equated with the “non-empirical.” Due to Kant’s influence the “a priori” also is frequently taken to designate what is not only “non-empirical” but also “necessary.”
Raw Shellfish Consumption Among Renal Disease Patients A Risk Factor for Severe Vibrio Vulnificus Infection

Abstract Background: Raw shellfish–associated Vibrio vulnificus septicemia, with a case-fatality rate of nearly 50%, occurs most commonly in immunocompromised patients or those with liver disease. Methods: Sixty patients with renal disease treated with hemodialysis at The George Washington University and awaiting renal transplantation completed an initial survey that assessed their raw shellfish eating habits and knowledge regarding the pathogen V. vulnificus . Patients were then given educational materials describing the risks of eating raw shellfish and, one month later, completed a second survey that assessed their knowledge retention and intent to eat or not eat raw shellfish in the future. Results: Sixty of 68 (88%) eligible patients completed the survey. Forty-eight percent of patients reported having eaten raw shellfish after being diagnosed with kidney disease, with the highest rates reported among subjects ≤ 49 years old and subjects with more than a high school education. Prior to receiving the educational materials, no patient had heard of the pathogen V. vulnificus . Three quarters of patients reported never having been advised by a physician to avoid eating raw shellfish. One month after reading the educational materials, 75% of patients said they would refrain from eating raw shellfish in the future. Conclusions: In view of their immunocompromised status, patients with end-stage renal disease should be counseled to abstain from eating raw shellfish.
A multidisciplinary approach to graduate education in informatics: a proposal in process

One area of information technology quickly becoming paramount is the field of Informatics. Employing people who understand Informatics is a top priority for science industries, business, government and the military sectors. Informatics can be defined as the multidimensional use of technology to support knowledge discovery and dissemination assisting the decision maker to achieve the organizational objectives and goals. Informatics incorporates the way data is collected, organized, analyzed, represented, filtered and managed. To meet this growing need universities are beginning to develop formal degree programs in Informatics. This paper outlines the curricular and administrative structures for a multidisciplinary Masters of Science degree in Informatics.
Defining Nafion Ionomer Roles for Enhancing Alkaline Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis

The electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is not strictly a surface reaction, because it takes place in a thin hydrous electrical double layer (EDL). In this work, we perform an in-depth...
Exploiting Symmetries of Distributions in CNNs and Folded Coding

We introduce the concept of Folded Coding" for continuous univariate distributions estimating the distribution and coding the samples simultaneously. Folded Coding assumes symmetries in the distribution and requires significantly fewer parameters compared to conventional models when the symmetry assumption is satisfied. We incorporate the mechanics of Folded Coding into Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) in the form of layers referred to as Binary Expanded ReLU (BEReLU) Shared Convolutions and Instance Fully Connected (I-FC). BEReLU and I-FC force the network to have symmetric functionality in the space of samples. Therefore similar patterns of prediction are applied to sections of the space where the model does not have observed samples. We experimented with BEReLU on generic networks using different parameter sizes on CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100. Our experiments show increased accuracy of the models equipped with the BEReLU layer when there are fewer parameters. The performance of the models with BEReLU layer remains similar to original network with the increase of parameter number. The experiments provide further evidence that estimation of distribution symmetry is part of CNNs' functionality.
T Cell Metabolism and Memory

Lymphocyte activation leads to rapid proliferation and differentiation and we have shown that CD4 T cell subsets are metabolically distinct. These specific metabolic programs may allow new understanding and approaches to manipulate immunity. Using metabolic network analysis of metabolomics and proteomics we defined several metabolic nodes differentially utilized by CD4 T cell subsets, including glutamine metabolism. By genetically deleting the glucose transporter Glut1 or the glutaminolysis enzyme, Glutaminase (GLS), we have shown that glycolysis and glutaminolysis are both used by activated T cells. All effector T cells require glycolysis, but we found that Th17 cells preferentially require GLS while Th1 cells are actively impaired by this enzyme. Thus, inhibition of GLS both reduces Th17 responses and promotes differentiation of Th1 cells and can lead to signs of T cell exhaustion. We show that GLS-deficiency can protect against Th17-mediated inflammatory models and also can augment effector function of Th1 CAR-T cells against B cell targets. Understanding mechanisms that regulate T cell metabolism may provide new tools to modulate immunity the balance of T cell effector populations to both suppress inflammation or promote effector function. Disclosures Rathmell:Calithera: Research Funding.
Vestibular roll tilt thresholds partially mediate age-related effects on balance.

Abstract Background: It has been well-established that both vestibular function and balance degrade with age and that balance degradation contributes to falls. While multiple causes contribute to balance declines, there have been few empirical investigations of the specific sensory contributors to balance that mediate (i.e., explain a significant fraction of) the effect of age on balance. Objective: To determine if vestibular function significantly mediates the effect of age on balance, and to quantify the fraction of any such statistically significant age-effect on balance using previously published vestibular threshold and balance data. Methods: Balance was quantified as complete/incomplete on a standard Romberg 4-condition foam balance test. Vestibular thresholds were determined using standard methods with motion provided by a Moog 6DOF motion platform. Standard mediation analyses were performed to determine if any of the five vestibular thresholds measured (0.2 Hz roll tilt and 1 Hz roll tilt, yaw rotation, y-translation, and z-translation) significantly mediated the previously reported age-effect on balance. Results: 0.2 Hz roll tilt thresholds were found to significantly mediate the relationship between age and balance, whether we considered all subjects or just the subjects above the age of 40 (above which vestibular thresholds increase with age). Depending on the exact age cut-off implemented between 37 and 42 years of age, 0.2 Hz roll tilt thresholds explained (mediated) between 33% and 55% of the total age-effect on balance. Conclusion: Vestibular function may mediate approximately 50% of the widely-reported age-effect on balance. If confirmed by future studies, this may provide an opportunity to improve balance (and presumably reduce fall risk) via specific therapies tailored to improve vestibular function.
Cdc42 activation by endothelin regulates neural crest cell migration in the cardiac outflow tract

Background Congenital cardiovascular malformations are the most common birth defects affecting children. Several of these defects occur in structures developing from neural crest cells. One of the key signaling pathways regulating cardiac neural crest cell (CNCC) development involves the endothelin-A receptor (Ednra). However, the exact function of Ednra signaling in CNCC is unknown. Results The fate mapping of CNCC in Ednra embryos indicated that the migration of these cells is aberrant in the cardiac outflow tract (OFT), but not in the pharyngeal arches. This premature arrest of CNCC migration occurs independently of CNCC proliferation and apoptosis changes and major gene expression changes. Analysis of the Rho family of small GTPases in the mutant embryos revealed that Cdc42 failed to localize normally in the CNCC migrating in the OFT. The inhibition of Cdc42 activity in cultured embryos recapitulated the migratory phenotype observed in Ednra mice. Further analyses revealed that Cdc42 is part of the signaling pathway activated by endothelin specifically in OFT CNCC to control their migration. Conclusions These results indicated that the activation of Cdc42 by endothelin signaling is important for CNCC migration in the OFT but this pathway is not involved in mandibular or pharyngeal arch artery patterning.