cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fusing data management services with file systems

File systems are the backbone of large-scale data processing for scientific applications. Motivated by the need to provide an extensible and flexible framework beyond the abstractions provided by API libraries for files to manage and analyze large-scale data, we are developing Damasc, an enhanced file system where rich data management services for scientific computing are provided as a native part of the file system.This paper presents our vision for Damasc, a performant file system that would allow scientists or even casual users to pose declarative queries and updates over views of underlying files that are stored in their native bytestream format. In Damasc, a configurable layer is added on top of the file system to expose the contents of files in a logical data model through which views can be defined and used for queries and updates. The logical data model and views are leveraged to optimize access to files through caching and self-organizing indexing. In addition, provenance capture and analysis to file access is also built into Damasc. We describe the salient features of our proposal and discuss how it can benefit the development of scientific code.
Fate of cementless acetabular components retained during revision total hip arthroplasty.

Background: Removal of a well-fixed cementless acetabular component can result in increased operative time and postoperative morbidity. The objectives of this retrospective study were to determine whether retention of a well-fixed acetabular component at the time of isolated femoral revision was compatible with long-term socket survival. Methods: The records of eighty-three consecutive patients (ninety hips) in whom a well-fixed cementless socket had been retained during revision of a femoral component were reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 48.7 years at the time of the primary arthroplasty and 54.1 years at the time of femoral revision. The radiographic analysis was based on anteroposterior radiographs and was performed by a single independent reviewer. The intraoperative criterion for stability of the socket was the absence of movement at the bone-implant interface during the application of direct pressure to the edges of the socket in four quadrants with use of a metallic pusher. Results: At the time of the isolated femoral revision, no socket demonstrated a radiolucent line measuring >1 mm in any two zones and forty of the ninety hips had periacetabular osteolysis. The mean size of the osteolytic lesions was 5.71 cm2 (range, 0.4 to 24.2 cm2), and twenty-eight of the forty hips underwent bone-grafting. The mean duration of follow-up was 9.7 years after the isolated femoral revision and 14.9 years after the primary arthroplasty. Five acetabular sockets were revised at a mean of 6.8 years after the femoral revision. Only one of these sockets had failed because of aseptic loosening. With revision of the acetabular component for any reason as the end point, the survival rate was 98.7% at five years and 93.5% at ten years after the femoral revision and 100% at ten years and 93.9% at fifteen years after the primary arthroplasty. No hip showed recurrence or expansion of periacetabular osteolysis. The prevalence of dislocation was 16% (fourteen of ninety). Conclusions: Revision of a stable, cementless acetabular component solely on the basis of its duration in vivo or the presence of periacetabular osteolysis does not appear to be warranted. Retention of the socket with grafting of larger periacetabular osteolytic lesions appears to be consistent with satisfactory socket longevity. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic study, Level IV (case series [no, or historical, control group]). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
SEASONAL OCCURRENCE AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF APHID PREDATORS AND PARASITOIDS ON PUBESCENT POTATO PLANTS

During 2 field seasons, Coccinellidae (primarily Coccinella transversoguttata richardsoni , Coleomegilla maculata , Hippodamia convergens , H. tridecimpunctata , and H. glacialis ) were the most abundant predators on potato hybrids ( Solanum tuberosum × S. berthaultii , F 3 ) with various densities of glandular pubescence. Highly pubescent clones had the highest percentage of predator eggs, while clones with the lowest trichome densities had the highest percentages of immature and adult predators. By comparison, high numbers of aphid parasitoid mummies (primarily Aphidius and Praon spp.) occurred on clones with moderate to high densities of glandular pubescence. During both years, predators and parasitoids were most abundant in late July and August.
Systemic fluoride poisoning and death from inhalational exposure to sulfuryl fluoride

We report a poisoning death from inhalational exposure to the gas fumigants chloropicrin and sulfuryl fluoride. The patient displayed both local irritant effects of chloropicrin and systemic effects of sulfuryl fluoride. The clinical course, marked by initial hypocalcemia, delayed onset of ventricular dysrhythmias, and death, is consistent with fluoride being the predominant mechanism of toxicity with sulfuryl fluoride.
Activation Energies and Reaction Energetics for 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions of Hydrazoic Acid with C-C and C-N Multiple Bonds from High-Accuracy and Density Functional Quantum Mechanical Calculations

The reactions of hydrazoic acid (HN3) with ethene, acetylene, formaldimine (H2CNH), and HCN were explored with the high-accuracy CBS-QB3 method, as well as with the B3LYP and mPW1K density functionals. CBS-QB3 predicts that the activation energies for the reactions of hydrazoic acid with ethylene, acetylene, formaldimine, and HCN have remarkably similar activation enthalpies of 19.0, 19.0, 21.6, and 25.2 kcal/mol, respectively. The reactions are calculated to have reaction enthalpies of −21.5 for triazoline formation from ethene, and −63.7 kcal/mol for formation of the aromatic triazole from acetylene. The reaction to form tetrazoline from formaldimine has a reaction enthalpy of −8 kcal/mol (ΔGrxn=+5.6 kcal/mol), and the formation of tetrazole from HCN has a reaction enthalpy of −23.0 kcal/mol. The trends in the energetics of these processes are rationalized by differences in σ-bond energies in the transition states and adducts, and the energy required to distort hydrazoic acid to its transition-state geometry. The density functionals predict activation enthalpies that are in relatively good agreement with CBS-QB3, the results differing from CBS-QB3 results by ca. 1–2 kcal/mol. Significant errors are revealed for mPW1K in predicting the reaction enthalpies for all reactions.
Cheaper by the dozen: group annotation of 3D data

This paper proposes a group annotation approach to interactive semantic labeling of data and demonstrates the idea in a system for labeling objects in 3D LiDAR scans of a city. In this approach, the system selects a group of objects, predicts a semantic label for it, and highlights it in an interactive display. In response, the user either confirms the predicted label, provides a different label, or indicates that no single label can be assigned to all objects in the group. This sequence of interactions repeats until a label has been confirmed for every object in the data set. The main advantage of this approach is that it provides faster interactive labeling rates than alternative approaches, especially in cases where all labels must be explicitly confirmed by a person. The main challenge is to provide an algorithm that selects groups with many objects all of the same label type arranged in patterns that are quick to recognize, which requires models for predicting object labels and for estimating times for people to recognize objects in groups. We address these challenges by defining an objective function that models the estimated time required to process all unlabeled objects and approximation algorithms to minimize it. Results of user studies suggest that group annotation can be used to label objects in LiDAR scans of cities significantly faster than one-by-one annotation with active learning.
Spatial heterogeneity in VEGF-induced vasodilation: VEGF dilates microvessels but not epicardial and systemic arteries and veins.

This study was designed to investigate the site of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)– induced vasodilation in the systemic and coronary vasculature. Intracoronary infusion of VEGF in Yorkshire pigs resulted in a significant drop in the mean arterial blood pressure, with a decline in the left ventricular left end-diastolic pressure, and no change in the heart rate. Coronary blood flow increase after intracoronary infusion of 10 lg VEGF (2.63 ± 0.49·) was comparable to that seen after 40 lg of intracoronary adenosine (2.5 ± 0.53·, p = 0.67) and was significantly higher then after 200 lg of intracoronary nitroglycerine (1.9 ± 0.12·, p = 0.0005). At the same time, intracoronary VEGF did not result in a significant increase in coronary cross-sectional area determined using intravascular ultrasound. In vitro, VEGF produced dose-dependent relaxation of myocardial and systemic arterioles and venules (arterioles: 60-100 lm and venules: 120-200 lm in internal diameter) that was partially inhibited by L-NNA, but had no effect on epicardial coronary arteries, systemic arteries, or veins. Both VEGF receptors (flt-1 and flk-1) were identified on endothelial cells of epicardial arteries and veins. We conclude that this spatial heterogeneity of VEGF vasomotor effects cannot be explained by the absence VEGF receptors and suggests differential patterns of signal transduction in the vascular tree.
A partition-theoretic proof of Fermat's Two Squares Theorem

Partitions having exactly two sizes were considered to obtain a new proof of Fermat's Two Squares Theorem.
ARTERIAL BLOOD GASES

Blood gas analyzers consist of three electrodes measuring pH, PCO2, and PO2 at 37°C. They were introduced in about 1960 following inventions by R Stow (CO2) and L Clark (PO2) both dating from 1954. From these outputs, internal computers calculate O2 saturation, base excess, bicarbonate, and other derived variables such as the compensation by the body for acid–base abnormalities. Arterial PO2 and PCO2 can be approximated using heated skin surface ‘transcutaneous’ electrodes, which are commonly used in premature infants and nurseries. Hemoglobin oxygen saturation, SO2%, is also directly measured by multiwavelength blood oximeters. Arterial SO2 is approximated by pulse oximeters, which detect the arterial pulsatile variations in red and infrared light penetrating a finger, ear, or other tissue, a method invented by T Aoyagi in Tokyo in 1973 that became commercially available in 1983. Interpretation of blood gases and acid–base balance is briefly discussed. Figures include schema of the three electrodes, a pulse oximeter probe, an acid–base compensation diagram, and photographs of the first three-function blood gas analyzer, a combined PO2PCO2 transcutaneous electrode in use on a child, and a pulse oximeter probe on a finger.
Extent and Implications of Evidence-Based Research on Gender and Age-Targeted Witchcraft Violence in Sub-Saharan Africa

Press, local and international NGOs, and word-of-mouth reporting suggest that the incidence, prevalence, and nature of witchcraft accusations and violence against women, children, and the elderly in Sub-Saharan have shown marked and often dramatic increases in frequency and virulence over the past 2'225 years. For example, knowledgeable observers generally agree that the relatively recent surge of the “child-witch” phenomenon is outside the bounds of what was once considered a more or less trans-African attitude regarding adult responsibilities and the innocence of children. Various economic, social, and psychological factors have been highlighted as possible or probable explanations for the apparent growth of neo-witchcraft practices in the SSA region. Whereas discriminatory gender, age-based, and other group-specific targeting predominate, witchcraft accusation now stretches across the life span and does enormous harm to both individuals and society. The extent and degree of family/personal trauma and social dislocation linked to witchcraft accusation are more prominent than at any time in living memory. Not surprisingly many educated Africans readily acknowledge that witchcraft accusations serve as leveling mechanisms that greatly undermine social and economic development. Sources and evidence to support these trends in the neo-witchcraft “era” are coincidentally abundant and scattered. This paper aims to demonstrate that a modified geographical/epidemiological approach to currently available evidence offers opportunities to map the spatial distributions and densities of witchcraft accusation at different scales in place and time. Used with appropriate precautions and a knowledge of its limitations, such spatial data may serve as one of several complementary tools for analyzing relevant social patterns and interconnections of local belief systems, behaviors, and agents (e.g., perpetrators, facilitators, enablers, and victims). Preliminary results of this approach will be shared with the panelists and attendees.
A Note on the Effect of Transaction Costs on Real Estate Investment Returns

In this paper we develop a model that demonstrates the effect of transaction costs on measuring returns to real estate. Our model reveals that studies not adjusting for transaction costs will overstate risk-adjusted returns. Accordingly, at least part of the reported mean-variance superiority of real estate over investments in corporate or government securities may be due to failing to consider transaction costs. We also illustrate the extent to which the inclusion of transaction costs equalizes mean-variance for investments in real estate and securities.
ALD of Ultrathin Ternary Oxide Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting

Semiconducting oxides, particularly mixtures of different transition-metal oxides, are promising materials for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. Assessment of these materials is often complicated by inadequate dispersion of the materials, charge transport limitations, and lack of surface area characterization. Thin films deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) present an excellent way to overcome these issues. Here, we present the first work using ALD to investigate ternary oxide electrocatalysts, specifically with the Ti–Mn ternary oxide system. Thin-film mixtures of between 1.4 and 2.8 nm in thickness are successfully synthesized by ALD and show a high degree of mixing. At compositions between ∼10 and 70% Mn:(Mn+Ti), there is a reduction in ALD growth rate relative to the growth rates of the binary constituents. Moreover, we observe a shift in the chemical binding energies of both Mn and Ti over this composition range. An elevation in the activity of Mn active sites for OER is observed with ...
Office assessment of chronic pelvic pain.

Most primary care physicians recognize chronic pelvic pain as a common clinical problem. As a multifactorial disease, it often challenges the best clinicians. Usually, evaluation is lengthy, and the relationship of findings to symptoms is uncertain. Treatment often is prolonged and incompletely successful, to the frustration of all involved. Consternation is common, especially for the surgery-oriented gynecologist, because the frequency of success is less than that usually seen in benign (and most malignant) gynecologic diseases. From the standpoint of women's health care, chronic pelvic pain is a problem that requires substantial medical care resources.1 Outcome studies of common treatments, both medical and surgical, are needed to inform physicians more effectively of this process. The purpose of this article is to review briefly the techniques of office evaluation of chronic pelvic pain (CPP). A more extensive volume on CPP is available elsewhere.2
Summary and Perspective: Epidemiology of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Epidemiologists play a number of roles in the study of disease; the functions of these specialists include case definition, description of disease patterns, identification of risk factors, and analysis of clinical trials. However, as noted in the Introduction to this symposium [1], in the study of a complex illness such as chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), for which no definitive diagnostic test exists, the most important aspect is case definition-all other areas of investigation depend on this standard for appropriate interpretation of data. In this session attention was focused on this aspect as well as clustering, prevalence of cases, and possible risk factors for CFS.
Design and Discussion of a Unified EV-grid Integration Structure

The integration of electric vehicle(EV)and the grid provides the support of the application of large-scale electric vehicles(EVs).So it is necessary to design the structure of EV-grid integration under different charging modes,locations and management methods.The control management mode of power grid to EVs is analyzed under different charging scenarios.Then the main aims of EV-grid integration are presented according to the requirements of grid operation,and a unified EV-grid integration structure with five control levels is proposed,which include the user management level,the local energy management level,integrated management level,the distribution system management level and the area grid management level.In addition,the communication structure in different charging scenarios and control strategies of every level are discussed.In the end,the simulation is carried out on a specific EV-grid integration scheme,and results show that the charging characteristics of EVs will change significantly with information exchanged between EV and the grid.It is also pointed out that there are different solutions for EV-grid integration,and the unified structure proposed in this paper provide reference for the design and application of these schemes.
HIV Infected Blood In The Past Staff Survey Reportin Boai County

Objective paid staff blood characteristics of the AIDS epidemic and trends for the development of prevention and control strategy to provide a basis.Methods county in the census,the issuance of questionnaires,door-to-door survey of people one by one.Results In 686 blood paid staff to do HIV testing,HIV infection 4;paid blood supply to the age distribution of 41 to 50-year-old mainly focused on the distribution of time from 1995 to 1998,more women than men.Conclusions from 1995 to 1998,the peak of paid blood,the blood supply was paid a clear downward trend to strengthen the blood collection and supply agen(?)ies and health care management,step up efforts to crack down on illegal blood collection and supply,can effectively control the epidemic and the spread of AIDS.
An Examination of the Impact of an Evidentiary Privilege Protecting Corporate Whistleblowers on Intention to Report Wrongdoing

The goals of an effective whistleblowing system are to encourage whistleblowing as a fraud detection tool and to deter wrongdoing by increasing a wrongdoer’s risk of detection. Public companies are mandated to provide internal, confidential hotlines through which employees can report fraudulent or illegal activities, though current law does not protect the disclosure of the whistleblower’s identity in subsequent judicial or administrative proceedings. Requiring a whistleblower to reveal his or her identity carries both psychological and financial risks, and reduces the likelihood of reporting. Yet obtaining a whistleblower’s name enables employers to more thoroughly investigate claims of wrongdoing and enact reforms. The present study used experimental methodology to assess the impact of an evidentiary privilege prohibiting disclosure of the whistleblower’s identity in exchange for the whistleblower’s name on the personal cost of reporting and reporting likelihood. Results showed that the likelihood of reporting was significantly increased and the perceived personal cost was significantly decreased when a whistleblower required to provide his or her name to a hotline was afforded an evidentiary privilege. The study informs policymakers about the impact that an evidentiary privilege protecting whistleblowers would have on the likelihood of reporting and sets the stage for further exploration of the feasibility of such an evidentiary privilege being implemented.
Treatment of singularities in a middle-crack tension specimen

A three-dimensional finite-element analysis of a middle-crack tension specimen subjected to mode I loading was performed to study the stress singularity along the crack front. The specimen was modeled using 20-node isoparametric elements with collapsed nonsingular elements at the crack front. The displacements and stresses from the analysis were used to estimate the power of singularities, by a log-log regression analysis, along the crack front. Analyses showed that finite-sized cracked bodies have two singular stress fields. Because of two singular stress fields near the free surface and the classical square root singularity elsewhere, the strain energy release rate appears to be an appropriate parameter all along the crack front.
A Longwave Infrared (LWIR) Photodetector Based on Nonlinear Absorption in InAs/GaAs Quantum Dots

We present a new-type of LWIR photodetectors design based on the resonant cavity enhanced nonlinear absorption process in InAs/GaAs quantum dots. Low dark current and thermal-electrically cooled operation can be expected. The proposed device is promising for LWIR (8-12 mum) sensing and imaging with enhanced quantum efficiency and elevated operating temperature (>180degK).
Proving Montessori: Identity and Dilemmas in a Montessori Teacher’s Lived Experience

This phenomenological case study was conducted to better understand the experience of a Montessori teacher in a leadership role. A veteran Montessori teacher, newly hired by an established Montessori preschool, was interviewed over the course of her first year in the position. A critical discourse analysis revealed multiple social identities that contributed to her desire, and ability, to be what she felt was an authentic Montessori educator. While some of these discourses and social identities aligned, some did not, creating ideational dilemmas that affected her work, relationships, and personal identity. The findings suggest that current Montessori discourse excludes important characteristics of the teacher-lived experience. Acknowledging and discussing the social challenges Montessori teachers face is a necessary addition to teacher preparation, teacher support systems, and Montessori leadership decisions.
Ignoring Ignorance: Notes on Pedagogical Relationships in Citizen Science

Theoretically, this article seeks to broaden the conceptualization of ignorance within STS by drawing on a line of theory developed in the philosophy and anthropology of education to argue that ignorance can be productively conceptualized as a state of possibility and that doing so can enable more democratic forms of citizen science. In contrast to conceptualizations of ignorance as a lack, lag, or manufactured product, ignorance is developed here as both the opening move in scientific inquiry and the common ground over which that inquiry proceeds. Empirically, the argument is developed through an ethnographic description of Scroggins' participation in a failed citizen science project at a DIYbio laboratory. Supporting the empirical case are a review of the STS literature on expertise and a critical examination of the structures of participation within two canonical citizen science projects. Though onerous, through close attention to how people transform one another during inquiry, increasingly democratic forms of citizen science, grounded in the commonness of ignorance, can be put into practice.
Developmental 2.25Cr-lMo Steels for Coal Conversion Vessels

ABSTRACT First generation (coal liquefaction) vessels will be fabricated from 400 mm thick 2.25Cr-lMo steel ring forgings or plates, which may develop surface to center variations in microstructures and mechanical properties on quenching due to limited rates of heat transfer. Alloy modifications based on minor additions of Mn, Ni and Cr have eliminated polygonal ferrite from the center location giving, on tempering, bainitic microstructures with more uniform mechanical properties throughout the 400 mm sections. The presence of additional Cr (0.75%) accelerated the formation of the alloy carbides (FeCr) 7 C 3 and M 23 C 6 at 650°C, giving improved resistance to hydrogen attack but reduced creep rupture strength. The relationship between carbide precipitation kinetics and mechanical properties is presented for a series of Cr-Mo steels currently being developed for second generation liquefaction vessels.
An Internet with Chinese Characteristics

This chapter offers an updated review of the cyberspace carved out by the Chinese state for its citizen-audience, which is at the same time connected to a globalizing world and disconnected from it. As one becomes more aware of the mechanism in which Internet censorship works in China, theoretical revisions by the notions of cultural citizenship and an aesthetic public sphere will prove useful to their understanding not only about the civic significance of entertainment, but also that of the Internet. As the Internet provides a fertile ground where audience discourses organically percolate, Wu reviews literature that has taken an evaluative approach to the civic potential of the new digital media based off of the traditional notion of politics and citizenship. Wu proposes that we break free of such confines, whether the conclusions are optimistic or pessimistic, and closely examine how entertainment converges with political reflections through the communicative channel of new digital media. To take on such an empirical enterprise of examining how ordinary citizens actually interact with the entertainment media as part of their civic life, this book samples broadly from both China’s mainstream media discourses about its entertainment and online discussions, both in traditional Internet forums and on newer social media platforms. Wu details empirical framework of the book, including sampling process and analytical methods.
Nanomechanical Probing With Scanning Force Microscopy

Highly localized probing of surface nanomechanical properties with a submicron resolution can be accomplished with scanning probe microscopy (SPM). The SPM ability to probe local surface topography in conjunction with mechanical, adhesive, friction, thermal, magnetic, and electric properties is unique.1 However, the quantitative probing of the nanomechanical materials properties is still a challenge and only a few examples have been published to date. In this note, we briefly review the latest developments in the nanomechanical probing of compliant materials (predominantly polymers). We solely focus our analysis of SPM-based approach in a so-called static force spectroscopy (SFS) mode.
Adaptive fuzzy local binary pattern for texture classification

Many local texture features are proposed for texture classification and retrieval. Fuzzy Local Binary Pattern (FLBP) is one of such promising texture descriptor found in the literature. However, the fuzzification parameter (T) used in FLBP is computed empirically and not adaptive to local content. In addition, one need to perform several experiments over a large range of T to find its optimal value. In this paper a novel technique is proposed to compute fuzzification parameter and the resulting descriptor is named as Adaptive Fuzzy Local Binary Pattern (AFLBP). In the proposed technique, the computation of fuzzification parameter is adaptive in nature and thereby capture most representative feature for each pixel in the image. The earlier paper makes use of Support Vector Machine (that uses a non-linear kernel) to test the discriminating ability of the FLBP descriptor. Here, in this paper, the K-Nearest Neighbors (kNN) classifier is used as a classifier to investigate the discriminating strength of the proposed feature descriptor. The discriminating ability of the proposed texture descriptor is compared with that of local binary pattern (LBP) and fuzzy local binary pattern (FLBP) using Brodatz texture database. The result shows that the proposed descriptor outperforms other competing descriptors used in the experiment irrespective of the distance measure used for classification. It is also observed that the k-NN classifier using Manhattan distance outperforms all other combinations.
Comparison of SIFT and ASIFT based filters for better recognition and tracking in a remote scene environment

In a remote scene environment consisting of multiple objects and miscellaneous scenarios, detecting an object of interest is a troublesome task especially while tracking the object over successive frames. Numerous methods have been proposed over the years for efficient detection of object of interest in a remote scene environment while in he meanwhile discarding all those which aren’t of interest and thus considered as noise. It is still one of the most actively researched areas in the field of image processing and computer vision. In this paper, a method is proposed which will not only detect a fixed shape object in a remote scene environment but it will also track it over successive frames. However, an additional methodology is also proposed which will detect the object in case of change of viewing angles e.g. scenario’s like rotation of object, zooming etc. First, Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) will be presented which will provide invariance up to four different parameters i.e. rotation, translation and zoom. In the second phase, ASIFT will be used which will provide invariance up to six different parameters i.e. translation, rotation, zoom and camera axis orientations. After both algorithms are presented, a detailed comparison between both is presented. Detection of object is performed with the help of both SIFT and ASIFT and then comparison is made based on feature points. Finally, Tracking is performed based on Proximal Gradient Particle filters which will further strengthen the comparison between SIFT and ASIFT once the object that needs to be tracked changes its course of motion or zoom. Experimental results will show which one of the two filters is more efficient.
FcγRIIIa-dependent IFN-γ release in whole blood assay is predictive of therapeutic IgG1 antibodies safety.

Immunomodulatory monoclonal IgG1 antibodies developed for cancer and autoimmune disease have an inherent risk of systemic release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In vitro cytokine release assays are...
Androgen Receptors: 17β – Hydroxy – 5α – Androstan –3–one and the Translocation of a Cytoplasmic Protein to Cell Nuclei in Prostate

Summary Independent studies in several laboratories have strongly indicated that 5α-dihydrotestosterone is one of the active forms of androgen in the sex accessory reproductive glands. In rat ventral prostate and seminal vesicle, there are proteins that bind 5α- dihydrosterone in a highly specific manner. At least two 3H-5α-dihydrotestosterone binding proteins can be isolated from the cytosol fraction of the rat ventral prostate. Only one of the receptor protein-5α-dihydrotestosterone complexes can be retained by prostate nuclei which appear to contain a definite number of nuclear acceptor sites. These processes are highly steroid and tissue specific. Experimental findings leading to these conclusions are recapitulated and discussed in connection with a possible role of 5α-dihydrotestosterone in androgen action.
Measuring the Uniaxial Compressive Strength of Ice

An attempt was made to develop a simple but accurate method for making compressive strength tests on right circular cylinders. Compliant loading platens were designed to apply uniform normal stress without introducing significant interface radial shear stresses. The compliant platens gave reproducible results that agree well with results obtained by a precise conventional technique. Accurate results were obtained with simple specimen preparation, and with short specimens where the length-to-diameter ratio was less than unity. Platens were made from a rubber-like urethane which was molded in aluminum cylinders to provide lateral restraint. Uniaxial compression tests on cylindrical polycrystalline ice specimens were made to determine the characteristics of the platens. For 21 specimens with ends prepared on a lapping plate to obtain a mirror finish, the measured strength showed a variation of only 13% for length-to-diameter ratios from 0.74 to 2.5, with no systematic trend. Another 21 specimens with length-to-diameter ratios of about 2.35 were tested with various platens and various methods of specimen end preparation. The strength for specimens with saw-cut ends and for those with ends lapped showed very little difference when tested with the rubber platens.
Development and Mechanistic Investigations of Enantioselective Pd-Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroaminations of Internal Dienes

We report the development of highly enantio- and regioselective Pd-catalyzed intermolecular hydroaminations of challenging 1,4-disubstituted acyclic dienes. Several aryl/alkyl-disubstituted dienes and a sterically differentiated alkyl/alkyl-disubstituted diene undergo coupling with a variety of secondary aliphatic amines, indoline, and primary anilines to generate allylic amines with myriad α-alkyl groups in up to 78% yield, >98:2 rr, and 98.5:1.5 er. A number of experiments, including deuterium labeling and transamination studies, shed light on mechanistic details of the reaction, such as the reversibility of individual steps of the proposed catalytic cycle and of the reaction as a whole.
Comparison of Postradical Cystectomy Ileus Rates Using GIA-80 Versus GIA-60 Intestinal Stapler Device.

Abstract Objective To assess the impact on recovery of bowel function using an 80 mm versus 60 mm gastrointestinal anastomosis (GIA) stapler following radical cystectomy and urinary diversion (RC/UD) for bladder cancer. Methods We identified 696 patients using a prospectively maintained RC/UD database from January 2006 to November 2010. Two nonrandomized consecutive cohorts were compared. Patients between January 2006- and December 2007 (n = 180) were treated using a 60 mm GIA stapler, and 331 patients between January 2008 and December 2010 were subject to an 80 mm GIA stapler. All patients were treated on the same standardized postoperative recovery pathway. After accounting for baseline patient and perioperative characteristics, using a multivariable logistic regression model, we directly compared rates of postoperative ileus using a standardized definition. Results Of 511 evaluable patients, ileus was observed in 32% (57/180) for 60 mm GIA versus 33% (110/331) for the 80 mm GIA. Preoperative renal function, age, gender, body mass index, and type of diversion were comparable between cohorts. On multivariate analysis, stapler size was not significantly associated with the development of ileus (GIA-60 vs GIA-80: OR 1.11; 95% CI 0.75, 1.66; P = .6). Positive fluid balance was associated with an increased risk ( P = .019) and female sex a decreased risk ( P = .008) of developing ileus compared to patients with negative fluid balance. Conclusion The size of the intestinal bowel anastomosis (GIA 80 mm vs 60 mm) does not independently impact the time to bowel recovery following RC/UD.
Total Disk Replacement Adjacent to a Multilevel Fusion in the Cervical Spine: A Biomechanical Motion Analysis.

Objective Cervical total disk replacement (TDR) has emerged as a motion-preserving alternative to anterior cervical diskectomy fusion (ACDF). Biomechanical studies have demonstrated that the TDR preserves motion at the diseased segment and minimizes motion and stress at adjacent segments compared with fusion. There has been growing interest in performing a TDR adjacent to a cervical fusion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematics of a TDR after sequentially fusing adjacent segments. Methods Seven fresh-frozen human cadaveric cervical spine specimens from C1-T1 were used (average age, 56.2 ± 7.3 years). The effect on cervical flexion-extension motion, by instrumenting a TDR above or below a 1-, 2-, or 3-level fusion, was measured. The protocol consisted of taking fluoroscopic images of each cervical specimen obtained at maximal angular displacement in flexion and extension during force application. Cobb angles were measured on digital radiographs to determine flexion-extension range of motion (ROM). Results Segmental ROM of the C6-7 TDR in the unfused spine was 11.3° ± 1.9°. After performing a 3-level fusion at C3-6, the motion of the C6-7 TDR increased to 12.9° ± 1.3° (P = 0.33). ROM of the C2-3 TDR in the unfused spine was 5.0° ± 1.1°. After performing a 3-level fusion of C3-6, the C2-3 TDR segmental motion was 6.1° ± 1.3° (P = 0.09). Conclusions Biomechanically performing a cervical TDR adjacent to a long-segment fusion did not subject the implant to significantly greater motion than when the TDR was instrumented alone.
Association Between Psoriasis with Arthritis and Hearing Impairment in US Adults: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Objective Emerging data has linked inflammatory arthritis with hearing impairment (HI). The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between psoriasis with arthritis (PsA) and HI in the US population. Given the known association of HI and depression, a secondary aim is to investigate the effect of PsA on mental well-being. Methods Cross-sectional study using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for adults aged ≥ 20 years (n = 10,747). Association of PsA with above outcomes was examined using multivariable generalized linear and ordinal logistic regression models, adjusted for demographics and medical comorbidities. Structural equation models examined the extent to which HI mediated the effect of PsA on mental health. Results Individuals with PsA were more likely to report hearing difficulties (OR 1.50, p = 0.043), visit a mental health provider (OR 1.62, p = 0.084), have 1.62 more days of poor mental health over the previous month (p = 0.033), and have depression (OR 2.01, p = 0.015) compared to controls. HI mediated 6.5%, 8.3%, and 5.0% of the effect of PsA on the above mental health outcomes, respectively. Conclusion PsA is independently associated with a significantly increased risk of HI, which partially mediates an association with worsened psychiatric outcomes.
Surface‐initiated PET‐RAFT polymerization under metal‐free and ambient conditions using enzyme degassing

An open-to-air method for the efficient synthesis of surface-tethered polymer brushes based on photoinduced electron transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization is reported. Key to this approach is an enzyme-assisted strategy using glucose oxidase to facilitate the in situ removal of oxygen during the polymerization process. Control experiments in the absence of glucose oxidase confirm the importance of enzymatic deoxygenation for successful polymerization of a variety of acrylamide, methacrylate, and acrylate monomers. In accordance with controlled polymerization kinetics, a linear increase in brush height as a function of irradiation time for a range of light intensities is demonstrated. Importantly, the use of light to mediate growth and the inherent monomer versatility of PET-RAFT allow for the facile fabrication of well-defined polymer brushes under aqueous conditions. (c) 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019
β-cyclocitral synergizes the response of adult Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) to fruit juices and isoamyl acetate in a sex-dependent manner

Semiochemicals play a pivotal role in the location, evaluation, and utilization of hosts by herbivorous insects. Mixtures of host plant-derived compounds are often required to elicit appropriate levels of response to olfactory stimuli. In multiple-choice bioassays, we characterized the response of adult Drosophila suzukii to foliage- and fruit-based synthetic compounds tested alone and in association with grape and tart cherry juices, and assessed whether synergistic interactions among olfactory stimuli are involved in the olfactory-driven behavior of D. suzukii. Our results established (1) significant attraction of females (but not males) to β-cyclocitral and isoamyl acetate when tested singly, (2) the presence of a synergistic interaction between β-cyclocitral and cherry juice only for females, and (3) the presence of a synergistic interaction between β-cyclocitral and isoamyl acetate but only in the case of males. Our findings increase our understanding of male and female D. suzukii olfactory responses to synthetic compounds and fruit juices as sources of attractants. Combinations of foliage- and fruit-based compounds may be needed to increase SWD attraction.
Spatial and seasonal comparisons of growth of wild and stocked juvenile lake trout in Lake Champlain

Abstract After 42 years of stocking in Lake Champlain, recruitment of wild juvenile lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) was first observed in 2015. Abundance of wild lake trout juveniles was spatially heterogeneous. Recruitment of wild fish to age-1 and subsequent survival are likely related to growth including overwinter growth. We hypothesized that growth potential or growth-related mortality of wild and stocked fish may explain spatial differences in abundance. We collected juvenile (age-0 to 3) lake trout by bottom trawling in the central, north, and south Main Lake every 2–4 weeks during the ice-free season, 2015–2018. The percentage of wild juveniles increased from 27.8% of the total catch in 2015 to 65.7% in 2018. Rates of growth in length and change in condition were compared in wild versus stocked lake trout, among sampling areas, and between seasons (sampling season relative to winter). Wild juveniles grew equally or faster in length than stocked juveniles at the same age, but changed more slowly in condition. There was a higher percentage of wild juveniles in the central sampling area than the north and south, but no differences in growth among sampling areas. Wild and stocked fish grew in length over winter, but most cohorts (6 of 7) maintained or increased condition. Results indicate high growth potential of wild juvenile lake trout and progress toward population restoration.
Managing mortality of multi-use megafauna

Abstract Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem grizzly bears are a high-profile multi-use species currently protected under the Endangered Species Act. As their population has grown over time, counts of grizzly bear-human conflicts and grizzly bear mortalities have increased. A bioeconomic model is constructed in which a representative wildlife agency maximizes social net benefits from grizzly bears by deciding whether to enact direct population control. A linear optimal control specification is used to reflect the realities of negotiated and rigid active management programs. Stock-dependent benefits and damages adjust along the recovery path, which tracks the natural capital value of a live grizzly bear in the wild (i.e., the in situ marginal net benefits) as the population size changes. Benchmark results indicate that the grizzly bear population has exceeded the size at which protections ought to have been removed. The natural capital value may actually be negative for an interval of time, during which it is optimal for society to continue conserving the species by developing a buffer. The results of the analysis are sensitive to key ecological and economic parameters, especially on the benefits side.
Genomic environments scale the activities of diverse core promoters

Abstract One model for how cells integrate cis-regulatory information is that different classes of core promoters respond specifically to certain genomic environments. We tested this model using a genome-integrated massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA) to measure the activity of hundreds of diverse core promoters at four genomic locations and, in a complementary experiment, six core promoters at thousands of genomic locations. While genomic locations had large effects on expression, the relative strengths of core promoters were preserved across locations regardless of promoter class, suggesting that their intrinsic activities are scaled by diverse genomic environments. The extent of scaling depends on the genomic location and the strength of the core promoter, but not on its class. Our results support a modular genome in which genomic environments scale the activities of core promoters. One Sentence Summary Genomic environments have consistent effects on gene expression that depend on the strength, but not the class of core promoter.
Body Composition by Computed Tomography vs Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry: Long-Term Prediction of All-Cause Mortality in the Health ABC Cohort.

BACKGROUND Body composition assessment by computed tomography (CT) predicts health outcomes in diverse populations. However, its performance in predicting mortality has not been directly compared to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Additionally, the association between different body compartments and mortality, acknowledging the compositional nature of the human body, is not well studied. Compositional data analysis, which is applied to multivariate proportion-type data set, may help to account for the interrelationships of body compartments by constructing log ratios of components. Here, we determined the associations of baseline CT-based measures of mid-thigh cross-sectional areas versus DXA measures of body composition with all-cause mortality in the Health ABC cohort, using both traditional (individual body compartments) and compositional data analysis (using ratios of body compartments) approaches. METHODS The Health ABC study assessed body composition in 2911 older adults in 1996-1997. We investigated the individual and ratios of (by compositional analysis) body compartments assessed by DXA (lean, fat, and bone masses) and CT (muscle, subcutaneous fat area, intermuscular fat, and bone) on mortality, using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS Lower baseline muscle area by CT (hazard ratio [HR]men = 0.56; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.48-0.67, HRwomen = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.48-0.74) and fat mass by DXA (HRmen = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.24-0.95) were predictors of mortality in traditional Cox regression analysis. Consistently, compositional data analysis revealed that lower muscle area versus IMF, muscle area versus bone area, and lower fat mass versus lean mass were associated with higher mortality in both sexes. CONCLUSION Both CT measure of muscle area and DXA fat mass (either individually or relative to other body compartments) were strong predictors of mortality in both sexes in a community research setting.