cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PIN IT TO WIN IT: A Study of Marketing Success in “Curation-Based” Online Social Networks

A network of interested social network followers represents a valuable asset for any organization. Yet, despite the very practical value of social media followers, the factors that allow one company to gain attention online while others have failed remain unknown. This study investigates the impact of traditional media marketing activities and the "socially-earned media" response to these activities within what we dub "curation-based" networks (CBN). CBN are online networks in which communication via the sharing of digital content represents the primary form of user communication. Using a unique data set collected over 8 weeks and involving a mixed sample of 1820 CBN companies and individual users, we empirically investigate the factors that attract CBN followers. Our findings suggest that in this environment, traditional media advertising plays a diminished role, and that attracting followers relies on a mixture of socially-earned media and user engagement within the network.
ENERGY SECURITY DILEMMAS IN EURASIA: Russia’s Energy Statecraft and the Contours of the Great Game Redux

The recent Russia-Georgia conflict has ignited debate over the strategic posture of a “re-energized” Russia: Is it prepared to integrate with the world or venture down the path of a self-isolated bully in Eurasia to the detriment of global energy security? Will Moscow exploit its energy dominance for neo-imperialist ends, or will global market pressures trump the pull of realpolitik? Typically, this policy debate is traced to broader controversy between realism and its critics over the utility and practice of energy as a weapon of state power. Upon closer inspection, however, it appears that the conventional debate and its application to Russia is misplaced by presenting a false dichotomy between globalization and international security. The focus on Russia’s recent assertiveness distorts its energy prowess and neglects Moscow’s mixed success with energy diplomacy in Eurasia, including bouts of inadvertent escalation. Furthermore, the record of Russia’s variable success not only poses analytical challenges for extant theories of statecraft, but highlights important differences among offensive and defensive realists concerning the motivation, explanation, and appropriateness of aggressive behavior. This paper seeks to fill this analytical void by advancing an alternative argument for energy statecraft. To explicate the distinction between offensive and defensive realism and the puzzle of Russia’s mixed success at wielding natural gas and oil as instruments of strategic leverage, attention is drawn to energy security dilemmas. Specifically, there are market/infrastructure and domestic regulatory conditions that can blur delineation of strategic from commercial energy strategies, and that can advantage pursuit of politically motivated objectives over strictly commercial ventures. As these conditions directly shape the transparency of intentions and modalities of energy security, as well as affect the costs and risks of aggressive action for states and firms alike, they create windows either of opportunity for commercial engagement or of strategic vulnerability. These claims are tested in critical cases of Russia’s contemporary pipeline diplomacy towards Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan. Viewing the renewed contest over Caspian hydrocarbon supply through the prism of “energy security dilemmas” illuminates nuanced dimensions to interdependent Eurasian energy relations, as well as strategic challenges and opportunities for contending with Russia’s global energy resurgence. In so doing, the paper advances the debate within the realist camp, suggesting how risk and domestic institutional factors can be systematically incorporated into “neoclassical” approaches to “soft power.”
Racial Classifications in Latin American Censuses

has to offer many of those things in which Anglo culture is so deficient. For three centuries SpanishAmericans have withstood drought, tilled the land faithfully, and maintained their sense of community solidarity. They have a staying power we can ill afford to throw away. Their interacting, efficient family structure is far superior in stability to our own divorce-ridden one. Their filial respect, love of home and family, and fortitude in the face of adversity all fit the American ideal. Many states could benefit greatly from the racial and ethnic tolerance found among Spanish-Americans. If we really want the good will of our neighbors to the south, New Mexico and its Spanish-speaking people might well be the best bridge possible. In a day of almost cut-throat competition, the rural Spanish-American village represents a non-communistic form of cooperation between persons who live and work in a compact social group. Here a real social consciousness, even if limited in scope, shines out to the larger individualistic society. Nor is this only theory; Senator Dennis Chavez of New Mexico, himself a Spanish-American, has sponsored important national social legislation and is known as a thorough liberal. Educated Spanish-Americans and some Anglos are beginning to make real efforts to assist the Spanish-Americans to help themselves. Possibly the way has been shown by the Harwood Foundation in its Taos County project, an effort to bring the needs of the vi3lages in a rural county iInto ouch with the public and private agencies in a position to render practical and constructive aid in social as well as economic matters. The project has encouraged local leadership in practical programs of self-help in developing irrigation, correcting erosion, organizing health cooperatives, and improving schools, and it has met with conspicuous local success. Cooperative medical clinics and credit associations should work in any group with such a well developed community sense."? The Spanish-American is larger than ever before in numbers; he is slowly becoming assimilated into the broader Anglo culture; he is making a noticeable imprint on that culture locally, and neither he nor his culture is by any means dead.
New Application of Chemical Biology

Except the application of NMR and mass spectra (MS) to the research of biology, another well known accomplishment of chemical biology is synthetic small-interfering RNA (siRNA) duplexes. Now it is one of the most powerful tools for biological mechanism study by lossof-function assay. Besides successes in research tools, chemical biology has made very prominent progress in the field of diagnostics. No doubt, to develop lower-cost and easier approaches with higher sensitivity and specificity is only direction of chemical biology in future. Scientists have made very significant successes recently, such as nanoparticles for targeting and visualizing tumor tissues [2], DNA synbodies which is new affinity reagent that could offer an easy-to-produce alternative to traditional antibodies [3]. Researchers are also trying to develop new sensors to diagnose HIV at low cost [4].
Right to Be Forgotten How National Identity, Political Orientation, and Capitalist Ideology Structured a Trans-Atlantic Debate on Information Access and Control

This study examines U.S. and British media coverage of the “right to be forgotten” in the light of their legal approaches and public attitudes toward privacy. Algorithmic and qualitative textual analysis techniques are combined to uncover the ideologies and interests that structure the discourse and shape its outcome. The analysis reveals that U.S. media, irrespective of their perceived “liberal” or “conservative” orientation, treat users’ online privacy as subservient to the business interests of technology companies—in line with the country’s lax legal approach. The coverage is more diverse in Britain, where the legal concept of privacy is also more stringent.
Nonlocal orbital-free noninteracting free-energy functional for warm dense matter

We have extended nonlocal orbital-free methods which enforce the correct linear response in the noninteracting uniform electron gas limit, developed at zero temperature for the kinetic energy to finite temperature for the full noninteracting free energy. Comparisons are made to the Thomas-Fermi approximation and to the orbital-dependent Kohn-Sham method. We find significantly improved agreement for the resulting functional with Kohn-Sham for a wide range of densities and temperatures. We also provide the necessary formulas for implementation in quantum molecular dynamics simulations.
In vitro changes in Toxorhynchites splendens growth and fecundity resulting from brine shrimp consumption in fresh and brackish water

Artemia salina (L.) specimens were fed ad libitum to Toxorhynchites splendens (Weidemann) larvae held at concentrations of 0-12‰ sea salt. Above 8‰, salt concentrations adversely affected both pupal weight and mean larval developmental period significantly. Adverse effects on postlarval stages included an expanded pupal period and decreased reproductive capacity. When nectar feeding was discontinued 24 h after the onset of reproduction, overall egg production was higher for adults resulting from larvae fed A . salina at 8‰ than for adults resulting from larvae fed mosquitos in deionized water. Sugar deprivation significantly decreased both the survival and reproduction of T. splendens reared at 10 and 12‰ salt more than other treatments. A. salina appears to be a prey candidate for mass production of T. splendens at saline levels <10‰. Reproductive potential and rate of increase were higher for predators given brine shrimp in 8‰ salt water than for those given mosquito larvae in deionized water.
Preparation of Palaeobotanical Sections by the Peel Method

The use of nitrocellulose peels in the study of petrified plant material led to experimentation with various nitrocellulose solvents used commercially in the manufacture of lacquers. The following solution of nitrocellulose gave the most satisfactory results, the film produced being smooth, free from bubbles, and little affected by moisture: 20 second nitrocellulose, 20 g.; butyl acetate (Tech.), 200 cc.; tricresyl phosphate or methyl phthalate, about 1 cc.; toluene or xylol 10 to 20 cc.For the mechanical procedure in the making of sections by means of nitrocellulose peels, reference is made to Chamberlain “Methods in Plant Histology” Fifth Revised Edition, 1932.The remainder of the paper deals with the effects on the resulting film of the various grades of nitrocellulose, the various solvents used, and plasticisers and other substances which may be added to the solution.
Amyloid Deposition in the Central Nervous System

Amyloidoses are protein conformational disorders that lead to aggregation and formation of insoluble fibrils with a β-pleated sheet structure. Amyloid deposition in the central nervous system (CNS) is associated with several distinct clinicopathologic disorders. The predominant form of amyloid deposition in the CNS is derived from the amyloid β precursor protein (AβPP), an intrinsic transmembrane protein. Aβ amyloid forms the core of extracellular neuritic plaques in Alzheimer disease and is also deposited in vessel walls in Alzheimer disease and in the most common form of amyloid angiopathy. PrP forms amyloid deposits in several forms of prion disease, while AL amyloid may take the form of larger, tumefactive deposits known as amyloidomas associated with localized clonal plasma cell proliferations. Infrequent forms of amyloid deposition, sometimes associated with genetic syndromes, include transthyretin, BR12, gelsolin, and Cystatin C in several inherited forms of amyloid angiopathy. Systemic amyloidosis may also involve the brain secondarily, where it usually is limited to regions lacking a blood brain barrier. In this review, we discuss the pathologic features of the various amyloid deposits involving the CNS as well as current concepts regarding their pathogenesis.
ToothPIC : An Interactive Application for Teaching Oral Anatomy

This paper describes the development and evaluation of an interactive educational program, Tooth P lacement and I dentification C oach ( ToothPIC ). The program uses a game-based learning paradigm and 3D visualization techniques to allow first year dentistry and hygiene students to get familiar with dental anatomy. It provides an interactive and stimulating learning tool for acquiring basic dental skills outside of the classroom. Specifically, it uses interactive 3D graphics to teach students to identify, name, number, align, and orient teeth into their proper location in the dental arch. ToothPIC incorporates elements of a game to make learning attractive for the student. In the process, the student learns not only about the 3D features of each tooth but also about the proper placement of the tooth relative to the gingiva and other teeth. ToothPIC has two modules: Module 1 includes 32 permanent upper and lower teeth that are to be identified and placed into the surrounding gingiva. Module 2 only shows the individual teeth, one at a time, to be identified (similar to a “flash-card”). The evaluation results of ToothPIC indicate that students strongly agree that program meets its goals of self-training and self-evaluation, actively involves the students in learning and is a useful supplement to laboratory practices and lectures.
Subtractive cDNA cloning. A new approach to understanding dendritic cell biology.

Dendritic cells (DC) represent a specific subset of leukocytes that play a critical role in the initiation of T, cell-mediated immune responses. Recently, we have established, from the epidermis of BALB/c mice, long-term DC lines, termed the “XS series”, which resemble resident epidermal DC (i.e., Langerhans cells) in many respects, including their morphology, surface phenotype, antigen presenting capacity, and cytokine and cytokine receptor mRNA profiles (l–3). Taking advantage of these stable lines, we sought to study unique attributes of DC at a molecular level by identifying molecules that they express selectively. For this aim, we employed a subtractive cDNA cloning strategy in which cDNA prepared from the XS52 DC line was subtracted with mRNA isolated from the i774 macrophage line. In this brief communication, we outline our methods as well as the identities of cDNAs isolated in this manner.
Economic considerations in laparoscopic surgery: disposable versus reusable instrumentation.

The subject of the economic considerations involved in using disposable versus reusable instrumentation has become a controversial issue.The economic evaluations performed purely by economists may not ap- peal to the surgeon and may not be applicable in different parts of the world. The quality of disposable instruments and their convenience in laparoscop'ic surgery is not at issue; the controversy, instead, centers on the question of the cost-effectiveness of disposable equipment. High-quality instruments enable safe, sue- cessful operations.' Some instruments are not available in reusable form and the quality of some reusable in- struments (e-g-, laparoscopic scissors) is sometimes questionable, particularly as they are periodically in need of servicing or repair. For a routine cholecystectomy, clips can be mounted on a reusable applier to ligate the cystic duct and artery. This can save considerable cost. However, disposable clips and their appliers should be available in the operating room (OR) in case of emergencies such as uncontrolled bleeding.
Stress and Withdrawal from Chronic Ethanol Induce Selective Changes in Neuroimmune mRNAs in Differing Brain Sites.

Stress is a strong risk factor in alcoholic relapse and may exert effects that mimic aspects of chronic alcohol exposure on neurobiological systems. With the neuroimmune system becoming a prominent focus in the study of the neurobiological consequences of stress, as well as chronic alcohol exposure proving to be a valuable focus in this regard, the present study sought to compare the effects of stress and chronic ethanol exposure on induction of components of the neuroimmune system. Rats were exposed to either 1 h exposure to a mild stressor (restraint) or exposure to withdrawal from 15 days of chronic alcohol exposure (i.e., withdrawal from chronic ethanol, WCE) and assessed for neuroimmune mRNAs in brain. Restraint stress alone elevated chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNAs in the cerebral cortex within 4 h with a return to a control level by 24 h. These increases were not accompanied by an increase in corresponding proteins. Withdrawal from WCE also elevated cytokines, but did so to varying degrees across different cytokines and brain regions. In the cortex, stress and WCE induced CCL2, TNFα, IL-1β, and TLR4 mRNAs. In the hypothalamus, only WCE induced cytokines (CCL2 and IL-1β) while in the hippocampus, WCE strongly induced CCL2 while stress and WCE induced IL-1β. In the amygdala, only WCE induced CCL2. Finally—based on the previously demonstrated role of corticotropin-releasing factor 1 (CRF1) receptor inhibition in blocking WCE-induced cytokine mRNAs—the CRF1 receptor antagonist CP154,526 was administered to a subgroup of stressed rats and found to be inactive against induction of CCL2, TNFα, or IL-1β mRNAs. These differential results suggest that stress and WCE manifest broad neuroimmune effects in brain depending on the cytokine and brain region, and that CRF inhibition may not be a relevant mechanism in non-alcohol exposed animals. Overall, these effects are complex in terms of their neuroimmune targets and neuroanatomical specificity. Further investigation of the differential distribution of cytokine induction across neuroanatomical regions, individual cell types (e.g., neuronal phenotypes and glia), severity of chronic alcohol exposure, as well as across differing stress types may prove useful in understanding differential mechanisms of induction and for targeting select systems for pharmacotherapeutic intervention in alcoholism.
Retinal reperfusion in diabetic retinopathy following treatment with anti-VEGF intravitreal injections

Purpose The aim of this study is to report peripheral reperfusion of ischemic areas of the retina on ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography (UWFA) following anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) intravitreal injections in patients treated for diabetic retinopathy. Methods This study is a retrospective review of 16 eyes of 15 patients with diabetic retinopathy, who received anti-VEGF intravitreal injections and underwent pre- and postinjection UWFA. The main outcome measured was the presence of reperfusion in postinjection UWFA images in areas of the retina that demonstrated nonperfusion in preinjection images. Images were analyzed for reperfusion qualitatively and quantitatively by two graders. Results Twelve of 16 eyes (75%) or 11 of 15 patients (73.3%) demonstrated reperfusion following anti-VEGF injection. On UWFA, reperfusion was detected both within the field of 7-standard field (7SF) fluorescein angiography and in the periphery outside the 7SF. Four of 16 eyes or 4 of 15 patients did not demonstrate reperfusion, one of which had extensive scarring from prior panretinal photocoagulation. Conclusion In patients with diabetic retinopathy, treatment with anti-VEGF agents can be associated with reperfusion of areas of nonperfusion, as demonstrated by UWFA.
Sift-Drift Studies of Anions

Because anions are more difficult to form in the gas phase, studies of their chemistry have lagged behind those of cations. With the development of the ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) and flowing afterglow (FA) techniques this situation has changed, since in these instruments new types of anions can be prepared by chemical reactions. Recent instrumental developments have taken place for both techniques. In ICR spectrometry Fourier transform methods have greatly extended the sensitivity and made it possible to examine sequential reactions of types never before possible. Nibbering has described some applications to the organic chemistry of anions in an earlier paper in this volume. Smith and Adams (1) have developed the selected ion flow tube (SIFT), a modification of the flowing afterglow, which greatly increases the variety of experiments possible with this technique. For organic chemists anions are especially important since most synthetically useful reactions proceed through anionic intermediates. We have been studying the gas phase ion-molecule chemistry of anions for some time using a conventional FA (2). Recently we completed construction of a SIFT, in which it is also possible to study reactions of ions as a function of energy in a drift field (3). In this paper we summarize some of our recent results using both the FA and SIFT. In addition some preliminary Drift results are reported.
Using FRED data to teach price elasticity of demand

ABSTRACTIn this article, the authors discuss the use of Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) statistics to teach the concept of price elasticity of demand in an introduction to economics course. By using real data in its computation, they argue that instructors can create a value-adding context for illustrating and applying a foundational concept in economics. Additionally, this pedagogical strategy contributes to developing an expected proficiency for economics majors related to “interpreting and manipulating data” (Hansen 2009, 2012). The authors provide step-by-step instructions on how to use FRED to compute the price elasticity of demand for motor vehicle fuels and gasoline as well as examples of in-class discussion questions and take-home assignments related to this instructional technique.
Abstract 108: Alcohol-related Diagnoses are Associated with High Mortality in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease

Background: Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with lower risk of peripheral vascular disease (PVD). However, in heavy drinkers the evidence is limited, and there is little data on the effects of heavy drinking in patients admitted with PVD. We sought to investigate the prevalence and association of alcohol-related diagnoses with in-hospital mortality in patients presenting with PVD. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the 2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS). Using logistic regression methods appropriate for the NIS sample design, we estimated mortality associated with alcohol-related diagnoses in PVD patients and evaluated factors that might modify the association between alcohol and death. Results: PVD accounted for 158,683 (0.5%) of adult in-patient admissions with an in-hospital mortality rate of 4.6%. Of PVD admissions, a total of 4089 (2.6%) had concomitant alcohol-related diagnosis. Alcohol-related diagnoses were associated with increased mortality in PAD patients after controlling for factors associated with alcoholism, including age, sex, liver disease, hypertension, diabetes, renal failure, arrhythmias, drug abuse, gastro-intestinal bleed, and smoking [adjusted-odds ratio 1.7; 95% CI (1.3 - 2.4); P-value lt 0.001]. None of the factors included in the regression analyses interacted with alcohol abuse in predicting mortality, possibly due to lack of power. Conclusion: Alcohol-related diagnoses were associated with a modest increase in the risk for death in individuals presenting with PAD. This risk was not accounted for by common alcohol-related comorbidities. As a component of global efforts to limit hospital deaths from PAD, future research should identify the factors underlying this association.
Optimization of surface-mount permanent magnet synchronous machines for low duty-cycle, high-torque applications

A motor is designed and tested for the MIT Robotic Cheetah project. The robot presents unique motor design challenges as it contains eight separate motors with different drive cycles, each consisting of short duration large torque commands followed by periods of lesser torque requirement. The ratio between maximum torque and rated torque is approximately 10:1. A design was selected through use of a brute-force grid sweep that makes use of a fast-running hybrid modeling technique. This design was then built and tested, resulting in a machine that weighs 810 g and produces 30 Nm of torque, or 60%c of the mass and 300% of the torque of a commercially-available machine with the same outer diameter.
Epilepsy Sub-types Related Hospital Readmissions: Nationwide Analysis of Causes and Related Costs (P3.223)

Objective: Analyse Nationwide Readmission Database for Epilepsy sub-types. Background: Epilepsy is associated with frequent hospital readmissions. In order to estimate causes and costs associated with various epilepsy subgroups, we used Nationwide Readmission Database(NRD) accounting for 49.3% of the total U.S. resident population. NRD is a publically available deidentified database which is published by Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). Design/Methods: We used NRD for the year 2013. Epilepsy subgroups classified were based on ICD-9 seizure type including generalized convulsive(GEN-CON), complex partial(COM-PAR), and simple partial(SIM-PAR) as well as presence or absence of intractability(Excluding status-epilepticus and unclassified epilepsy). A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using the data on unplanned 30-day readmission rates(30RR) exploring the causes of readmission. Cost of readmission was calculated using cost to charge ratio provided by HCUP. Subgroup analysis was performed using multivariate regression analysis. Results: 30RR for all epilepsy categories[Weighted N(N)=52,538] was 9.4% with an estimated cost of 61.8 million dollars(M$). GEN-CON epilepsy (N=21,926) had 30RR of 11.7% costing 30.9M$, which was higher(p Conclusions: Epilepsy has a high 30RR as well as associated costs. By focusing on the causes of readmissions for the different subgroups, we have more information to target the factors putting patients at most risk for unplanned hospital readmissions. Disclosure: Dr. Mehta has nothing to disclose. Dr. Patel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schuyler has nothing to disclose.
Scaling graph computations at facebook

With over a billion nodes and hundreds of billions of edges, scalability is at the forefront of concerns when dealing with the Facebook social graph. This talk will focus on two recent advances in graph computations at Facebook. The first focus concerns the development of a novel graph sharding algorithm - Balanced Label Propagation - for load-balancing distributed graph computations. Using Balanced Label Propagation, we were able to reduce by 50% the query time of Facebook's 'People You May Know' service, the realtime distributed system responsible for the feature extraction and ranking of the friends-of-friends of all active Facebook users. The second focus concerns the 2011 computation of the average distance distribution between all active Facebook users. This computation, which produced an average distance of 4.74, was made possible by two recent computational advances: Hyper-ANF, a modern probabilistic algorithm for computing distance distributions, and Layered Label Propagation, a modern compression scheme suited for social graphs. The details of how this computation was coordinated will be described. The talk describes joint work with Lars Backstrom, Paolo Boldi, Marco Rosa, and Sebastiano Vigna.
RELATIONS BETWEEN DISLOCATION MECHANISMS AND FRACTURE TOUGHNESS

This paper offers a review of dislocation concepts and models that enter into the analyses of the fracture toughness of crystalline materials. The parameters used to describe the toughness, i.e. K IC , G IC , J IC , and δ IC and their connections with the local stress and strain fields are introduced. The toughness or single phase crystals, and systems with brittle second phase particles in which cracks extend by cleavage are examined. The paper also deals with the toughness derived from the fibrous, void-nucleation-and-growth mechanism of crack extension for large (> 1μm), intermediate (0.01μm < d < 1μm), and small (d < 0.01μm) diameter particles Dislocation “unit” processes whose modeling enters into analyses of toughness are identified. These include: (i) the generation of dislocations at crack tips, particle-matrix interfaces, and voids; (ii) the movements of dislocations amid the “secondary” plastic zones of these entities, through small particles and within coarse slip bands; and (iii) the dislocation mechanisms of crack and void nucleation at interfaces and in heavily strained regions.
Transitioning from acute to community care: The value of a Heart Failure Support & Education Group meeting

Background Heart failure patients and their caregivers/support network are often provided significant amounts of information, lifestyle modification recommendations, new medications, etc. while acutely hospitalized for heart failure. There is a lack of outpatient support once patients are discharge. A heart failure support and education group is effective at engaging patients and families throughout the care continuum. There are no formal networking/socializing opportunities for patients/caregivers living with chronic heart failure, facilitating these bonding and relationship building networks improves the experience of the heart failure patient and caregivers. Methods A monthly Heart Failure Support & Education Group meeting has started in Fall 2014 and has continued meeting every month of the year (with the exception of every December). The monthly meeting is structured for an hour with time provided at the end for informal conversation/networking among participants. The hour meeting contains a formal presentation from heart failure experts or the facilitators (i.e. Nurse Practitioners, Pharmacists, Cardiac Rehab Specialists, Palliative Care Providers, nutritionist, etc.). The other portion of the meeting is for formal/guided discussion on patient/caregiver problems, barriers, frustrations, etc. A support group evaluation occurred over early Summer 2017 with the highest rate of returned surveys among all Heart & Vascular support groups and result analysis demonstrated patient engagement and value in attending the monthly meetings with feedback that patients/caregivers wanted to actively continue attendance and had minor recommendations for modifications. Conclusions Implementing and sustaining an ambulatory/outpatient support and education group for patients and caregivers living with heart failure is an effective way to connect patient's leaving the acute care setting and transitioning into the community with continued support and resources. Members of the support and education group are connected with heart failure experts monthly that enable them to achieve improved quality of life and improve compliance with the plan of care. Attendees demonstrate improved feelings of support, connection, and healthy quality of life after attending the support and education group. Results Between survey analysis and direct feedback from group members it has been demonstrated that our members have found attendance at the support and education group to be rewarding and improved their quality of life. They verbalized valuing the time to receive education as well as network with other patients/caregivers living with heart failure. The survey and feedback reinforce the value of having a heart failure support and education group and providing members with meaningful content. No direct analysis on heart failure readmissions has been conducted.
Can State Courts Cure Partisan Gerrymandering: Lessons from League of Women Voters v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (2018)

Abstract In League of Women Voters et al. v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania et al. (2018), henceforth abbreviated LWV, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court struck down that state's congressional plan as an...
The growth cone and the synapse

Abstract Each dendrite and axon has to wend its way through a jungle of cell bodies and other neuronal processes. Each nerve process has a growth cone at its end that determines the direction of growth. Every growth cone has a series of long, narrow protrusions called filopodia interspersed with ruffle-like folds called lamellipodia. When an attractive molecule binds to its receptor on one side of the growth cone; the activated receptor signals through release or synthesis of a second messenger. This signal produces neurite turning toward the attractive signal via an actin linked motile apparatus. Also new membrane is inserted at the growth cone tip. In contrast, when a repulsive signal is encountered, another second messenger is produced. This causes the cytoskeleton on the surface facing the repulsive signal to dissolve, turning the growth cone in a different direction. The presynaptic ending has small Glu or GABA containing synaptic vesicles. Also there are larger, dense core vesicles containing the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, or a neuropeptide. The active zone underlies the plasma membrane opposite the postsynaptic ending. Synaptic vesicles are anchored to the active zones by three integral membrane proteins called SNARES. When the presynaptic membrane is depolarized, Ca ++ rushes in, triggering neurotransmitter release. The synaptic vesicle membranes are recycled to form new synaptic vesicles. The postsynaptic endings contain a high concentration of receptors specific for the released transmitter. The receptors are anchored to the plasma membrane by PDZ domain proteins. There are also electrical synapses formed between neurons and/or glia. These synapses are composed of repeating integral membrane proteins that fit together with identical proteins on the opposing membrane. These receptor-like proteins are hollow in the middle allowing fairly large molecules to pass from one cell to another.
Optimization Opportunities in Product Development: Perspective from A Manufacturing Company

Abstract With increasing reliance on model-based work processes, advanced optimization strategies become essential for product development in manufacturing companies. In this study, we describe the systematic execution of product development cycles, and discuss how advanced optimization concepts, models and tools play a key role. Applied to process design and development at Carrier Corporation, we present a roadmap for optimization formulations and solution strategies that can be incorporated into the engineering workflow. These advances are illustrated on three real-world product case studies for the development of component, system and family designs, and they demonstrate significant improvements over current practice.
On needing time to think: consciousness, temporality, and self-expression

I examine an argument proposed by Tye and Wright (2011), inspired by Geach (1957), which holds that a correct understanding of how conceptual thought occurs in time demands we expel it from experience. This would imply—pace William James— that the “stream of consciousness” is not, even in part, a “stream of thought.” I argue that if we closely examine what seems to support crucial premises of their argument, we will find this undermines its other assumptions, and points us to a way of placing thought in time that they neglect. Ultimately, attention to the phenomenology of language comprehension and production not only undercuts (what I’ll call) their “temporality argument” against including thought in experience; it prepares the ground for a case in favor of inclusion. In critiquing their argument I hope not just to disarm an objection to a view I espouse, nor even just to discover new support for it, but also to shed some light on the temporality of thought and its relation to self-expression.
Case 35-2019: A 66-Year-Old Man with Pancytopenia and Rash.

A Man with Pancytopenia and Rash A 66-year-old man presented to the hospital for evaluation of pancytopenia and rash. Examination was notable for a scaling, erythematous rash on the legs and the ab...
Syntactic Methods in Pattern Recognition

This paper reviews concepts of syntactic pattern recognition with emphasis on syntax-directed translations. Examples of recent work on hybrid and hierarchical systems are cited. There is a brief discussion of active research areas which include methods of grammatical inference, probabilistic systems, approaches to error correction, and techniques of combining syntax with semantics.
Microbiota changes in a pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia mouse model

Hematological malignancies are the most common type of pediatric cancers, and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequently occurring hematological malignancy during childhood. A major cause of mortality in leukemia is bloodstream infection (BSI). The aim of the current study was to explore the gut microbiota in ALL and its potential functional alterations. High-throughput sequencing was used to characterize the bacterial and fungal microbiota in feces and their predicted functional characteristics in a xenotransplant pediatric ALL mouse model. Our work shows that gut microbiota significantly changes in leukemia, which may result in functional alterations. This study may provide potential therapeutic or preventive strategies of BSI in ALL.
Flucht und Migration: Trends, Faktoren, Dynamik

Dieses Kapitel bietet einen Uberblick uber aktuelle Entwicklungen in der internationalen Migration und in der Fluchtlingsproblematik. Nahezu alle Lander der Welt sehen sich mit erheblichen Aus- oder Einwanderungsbewegungen konfrontiert. Die meisten Migrant/innen konzentrieren sich jedoch in wenigen Landern, und ein Grosteil der Migrant/innen stammt aus einigen wenigen Auswanderungslandern. Neben einem kurzen demographischen Profil werden die Faktoren und Grunde fur Migration diskutiert; in diesem Zusammenhang wird insbesondere auf klima- und umweltinduzierte Migration, verschiedene Wege der Einwanderung, irregulare Migration und gefahrliche Migrationsrouten eingegangen.
Potato Classification by using Ultrasonic Sensor with LabVIEW

Background: Agricultural product classification is an essential and widely working issue in the agriculture industry. There is a lot of work to be done in this area and the agriculture industry is looking for new applications. The reason is that the software and hardware Technologies are always developing, and the latest technologies giving better results parallel to these developments. Also, the costs of the new technologies are decreasing with the help of low-cost sensor and device technologies. New technique and technology usage also directly related to classification efficiency. The primary data on agriculture are agricultural products, so these technologies and techniques use for agricultural production. Methods: The primary data on agriculture are agricultural products, because of this reason, this research aimed to make ultrasonic sensor measurements with the help of a software which is developed in LabVIEW platform for potato classifications and showing the efficiency of the method for the potato classification, which has different sizes. Result: According to the regression coefficient results, the regression between caliper length measurement (CL) and static ultrasonic sensor length measurement (SUL) found as 95.5%, the regression between caliper length measurement (CL) and dynamic ultrasonic sensor length measurement (DUL) found as 86.9%, the regression between static ultrasonic sensor length measurement (SUL) and dynamic ultrasonic sensor length measurement (DUL) found as 87.9% for potato classification.
Patients’ Perception Towards Health Education Services Received at the Enhanced Primary Healthcare Facilities: A Qualitative Exploration:

Background:The present Malaysian healthcare system is burdened with increasing cases of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and its risk factors. Health care providers (HCPs) have to provide both trea...
Portraits of courage: Caught in the sovereign’s gaze:

Reversing the normal vector of sovereign representation, former US President George W. Bush is engaged in an ongoing project of painting his former subjects, hundreds of portraits of wounded US vet...
A Thermodynamically-Consistent Phase Field Crystal Model of Solidification with Heat Flux

In this paper we describe a new model for solidification with heat flux using the phase field crystal (PFC) framework. The equations are thermodynamically consistent, in the sense that the time rate of change of the entropy density is positive in the bulk and at the boundaries of the domain of interest. The resulting model consists of two equations, a heat-like equation and a mass-conservation equation that describes how the atom density changes in time and space. The model is simple, yet it can properly capture the variation in the free energy landscape as the temperature is changed. We describe to construct a temperature-atom-density phase diagram using this energy landscape, and we give a simple demonstration of solidification using the model.
Colloquial Urdu: The Complete Course for Beginners

Colloquial Urdu provides a step-by-step course in Urdu as it is written and spoken today. Combining a user-friendly approach with a thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Urdu in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required. Key features include: progressive coverage of speaking, listening, reading and writing skills structured, jargon-free explanations of grammar an extensive range of focused and stimulating exercises realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of scenarios useful vocabulary lists throughout the text additional resources available at the back of the book, including a full answer key, a grammar summary, bilingual glossaries and English translations of dialogues. This second edition has been extensively updated and revised throughout, with particular attention to the Urdu script – coverage is now integrated throughout the book and the script font has been enlarged and improved. Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Urdu will be an indispensable resource both for independent learners and for students taking courses in Urdu. By the end of this course, you will be at Level B2 of the Common European Framework for Languages and at the Intermediate-High on the ACTFL proficiency scales. Audio material to accompany the course is available to download free in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio material features the dialogues and texts from the book and will help develop your listening and pronunciation skills.
Does Conservatism Help or Hurt Market Efficiency

We provide a theory of mandatory accounting conservatism as a means to avoid speculative bubbles and overvaluation. In a simple exchange economy where agents trade due to differences in opinion, we show that conservatism leads to a lower expected stock price than a full disclosure regime. Thus conservatism matters as investors cannot undo the known bias in the system. However, we show how conservatism hurts market efficiency in a frictionless, perfectly efficient financial market. This is no longer the case when markets are prone to overvaluation. When we introduce a short sale constraint, our model generates overvaluation as documented empirically by Diether, Malloy, and Scherbina (2002) and others. In such a scenario, we show how a conservative accounting system leads to more efficient prices than any unbiased full or partial disclosure regime. Thus, we explain how mandatory conservative standards such as the SEC's former ban on upward revisions of asset valuations can indeed curb in potential bubbles. In the process, we link the emerging literature on conservatism to the existing disclosure theories.
MCMC Sampler Convergence Rates for Hierarchical Normal Linear Models: A Simulation Approach

This paper presents a straightforward method of approximating theoretical bounds on burn-in time for MCMC samplers for hierarchical normal linear models. An extension and refinement of Cowles and Rosenthal's (1998) simulation approach, it exploits Hodges's (1998) reformulation of hierarchical normal linear models. The method is illustrated with three real datasets, involving a one-way variance components model, a growth-curve model, and a spatial model with a pairwise-differences prior. In all three cases, when the specified priors produce proper, unimodal posterior distributions, the method provides very reasonable upper bounds on burn-in time. In contrast, when the posterior distribution for the variance-components model can be shown to be improper or bimodal, the new method correctly identifies convergence failure while several other commonly-used diagnostics provide false assurance that convergence has occurred.
Mammographic feature analysis of clustered microcalcifications for classification of breast cancer and benign breast diseases

The authors are developing a computer-aided-diagnosis approach of classifying breast cancer and benign breast disease based on clustered microcalcifications in mammograms. The classification (malignant versus benign) is made by an artificial neural network (ANN) using computer-extracted features of microcalcifications and of clusters as input. The final diagnostic recommendation is made by a radiologist who takes the computer-estimated probability of malignancy into consideration. >
Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of human threonyl-tRNA synthetase reveals extensive homology to the Escherichia coli and yeast enzymes

The nucleotide sequence of a cDNA coding human threonyl-tRNA synthetase has been determined. The predicted protein sequence is highly homologous to that of the yeast cytoplasmic, yeast mitochondria and Escherichia coli threonyl-tRNA synthetases. In particular, the three structural motifs recently shown to be common to class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in the threonyl-tRNA synthetases from all sources. Primer extension and S1 nuclease analyses indicate that transcription initiates approximately 220-230 nucleotides upstream of the putative initiator methionine codon. This region contains a 10-nucleotide interrupted inverted repeat flanked by a 13-nucleotide interrupted direct repeat.
Towards an applied mathematics for computer science

If you go up to a conventional engineer—someone who designs bridges or aeroplanes or concert halls or communication systems—and ask her what mathematical theorems she uses as part of the design process, you will, with probability 1, get a long list. For instance, a communications engineer might start with the sampling theorem of Shannon and Nyquist: to reconstruct a band limited signal from samples, it is necessary to sample at least at twice the highest frequency.