cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neural correlates of episodic retrieval success.

Episodic memory retrieval involves multiple component processes, including those that occur when information is correctly remembered (retrieval success). The present study employed rapid-presentation event-related functional MRI that allowed different trial types with short intertrial intervals to be sorted such that the hemodynamic response associated with retrieval success could be extracted. Specifically, in an old/new episodic recognition task, hit trials (correctly recognized old items) and correct rejection trials (correctly rejected new items) were directly compared. The comparison revealed a mostly left-lateralized set of brain regions. Differential activation was most robust in left lateral parietal cortex and medial parietal cortex. Additional regions of differential activation included left anterior prefrontal cortex at or near Brodmann area 10, anterior insula, thalamus, anterior cingulate cortex, frontal cortex along inferior frontal gyrus, premotor cortex, and presupplementary motor area. These results suggest that left frontal and parietal regions modulate activity based on the successful retrieval of information from episodic memory. We discuss these findings in the context of several recent investigations that provide converging results as well as prior studies that have failed to detect these changes.
Effects of erythromycin on the rabbit pleura: its potential role as a pleural sclerosant.

Tetracycline (TCN) has been considered the agent of choice for pleurodesis in patients with symptomatic malignant pleural effusions and recurrent pneumothoraces. However, the intravenous form of TCN used for pleurodesis is no longer available. Erythromycin, like TCN, often produces irritation when administered intravenously. In view of these irritant properties, we tested the effect of erythromycin as a pleural sclerosant in rabbits as compared with TCN. Normal saline was used as a control. Adult rabbits weighing 2.5 to 3.0 kg underwent sterile placement of a silastic pleural tube in the right pleural space. Erythromycin (n = 17) or TCN (n = 6), each in doses of 35 mg/kg in 2 ml saline, was administered via the tube. Control animals (n = 6) received 2 ml saline. The chest tubes were left in place for removal of pleural fluid and to maintain lung expansion. Animals were killed 8 d after receiving the various treatments, and their pleural surfaces were examined grossly and histologically. Numerous adhesions...
A robust algorithm for automated target recognition using precomputed radar cross sections

Passive radar is an emerging technology that offers a number of unique benefits, including covert operation. Many such systems are already capable of detecting and tracking aircraft. The goal of this work is to develop a robust algorithm for adding automated target recognition (ATR) capabilities to existing passive radar systems. In previous papers, we proposed conducting ATR by comparing the precomputed RCS of known targets to that of detected targets. To make the precomputed RCS as accurate as possible, a coordinated flight model is used to estimate aircraft orientation. Once the aircraft's position and orientation are known, it is possible to determine the incident and observed angles on the aircraft, relative to the transmitter and receiver. This makes it possible to extract the appropriate radar cross section (RCS) from our simulated database. This RCS is then scaled to account for propagation losses and the receiver's antenna gain. A Rician likelihood model compares these expected signals from different targets to the received target profile. We have previously employed Monte Carlo runs to gauge the probability of error in the ATR algorithm; however, generation of a statistically significant set of Monte Carlo runs is computationally intensive. As an alternative to Monte Carlo runs, we derive the relative entropy (also known as Kullback-Liebler distance) between two Rician distributions. Since the probability of Type II error in our hypothesis testing problem can be expressed as a function of the relative entropy via Stein's Lemma, this provides us with a computationally efficient method for determining an upper bound on our algorithm's performance. It also provides great insight into the types of classification errors we can expect from our algorithm. This paper compares the numerically approximated probability of Type II error with the results obtained from a set of Monte Carlo runs.
Modeling Damage Growth in Oxidized High-Temperature Polymeric Composites

Thermal oxidation is a major degradation mechanism for polymers and composites operating at high temperatures. Controlling the damage progression in oxidative environments is critical for enhancing the long-term durability of these materials. The surface oxidation of the material and the damage evolution in high-temperature polymer matrix composite materials (HTPMCs) are highly coupled mechanisms. In this article, three-dimensional, finite-element methods are used to simulate both oxidation layer and damage growth in polymers subjected to bending loads and laminated composites subjected to uniaxial tension. An oxygen diffusion–reaction model determines the changes in properties due to oxidation and chemical strains induced by oxidation. The damage growth is simulated using mesh-free extended finite-element techniques and suitable damage initiation laws. The damage evolution observed with simulations is seen to be consistent with experimental observations reported in the literature.
Polycrystalline diamond field-effect transistors

Abstract The first demonstration of field-effect transistors fabricated from polycrystalline diamond thin films is reported. Diamond thin films were deposited by a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition technique. The surface roughness was removed by polishing using a SiO x chemical machining technique. Ion implantation was employed to form a B-doped conducting surface channel with an approximate carrier concentration of5 × 10 18 cm −3 . A low temperature deposition of SiO 2 was used to form the gate dielectric structure. Gate leakage currents were below 10 nA at 25 V. Although the channel did not reach the pinch-off condition, modulation of the channel conductance was observed.
A preliminary report on 3d effects on caustics

Abstract A modification to the standard caustic equations was made to include the effect of a mixed plane stress-plane strain state across the specimen thickness near the crack tip. By assuming the thickness of the plane stress surface layer to be of the size of the plastic zone along the crack axis, a K ~ D 5 6 dependence for the stress intensity factor K vs the caustic diameter D was obtained. This dependence contrasts the classical K ~ D 5 2 relationship based on plane stress considerations, but it is in good agreement with our experimental data.
Sry-type HMG box 18 contributes to the differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells to endothelial cells.

Abstract Objective Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have shown therapeutic potential to engraft and either differentiate into or support differentiation of vascular endothelial cells (EC), smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes in animal models of ischemic heart disease. Following intracoronary or transendocardial delivery of MSCs, however, only a small fraction of cells engraft and the majority of those persist as an immature cell phenotype. The goal of the current study was to decipher the molecular pathways and mechanisms that control MSC differentiation into ECs. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-165) treatment is known to enhance in vitro differentiation of MSCs into ECs. We tested the possible involvement of the Sry-type HMG box (Sox) family of transcription factors in this process. Method and Results MSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of Yucatan microswine and underwent a 10 day differentiation protocol. VEGF-165 (50 ng/ml) treatment of MSCs in vitro induced a significant increase in the protein expression of VEGFR-2, Sox9 and Sox18, in addition to the EC markers PECAM-1, VE-cadherin and vWF, as determined by Western blot or flow cytometry. siRNA-mediated knockdown of Sox18, as opposed to Sox9, in MSCs prevented VEGF-165-mediated induction of EC markers and capillary tube formation. Inhibition of VEGFR-2 signaling (SC-202850) reduced Sox18 and reduced VEGF-165-induced differentiation of MSCs to ECs. Conclusion Here we demonstrate that VEGF-165 mediates MSC differentiation into ECs via VEGFR-2-dependent induction of Sox18, which ultimately coordinates the transcriptional upregulation of specific markers of the EC phenotype.
Exact dc conductivity for a class of one-dimensional interacting hopping models.

A class of periodic one-dimensional models with nearest-neighbor interactions is presented in which particles can hop between adjacent sites with symmetric jump rates. The dc conductivity is calculated exactly for a wide choice of the factor describing the influence of the nearest-neighbor interaction on the jump rates. By allowing the cell size to become infinite, the result is extended to several nonperiodic chains including the random ones
An estimate of the stable initial condition region based on the describing function

Nonlinear control system, discussing method to obtain estimate of region of stable initial conditions
Dropping Out of Marriage and Family Therapy: A Critical Review of Research

The lack of attention given to research on the premature termination by clients in marriage and family therapy is evident in research reviews of the dropout phenomenon in psychotherapy. This article is an attempt to fill that void. The research literature on dropping out of family therapy is reviewed and organized. Studies in this area tend to focus on four kinds of variables: client characteristics, therapist characteristics, therapy process variables, and interventions. Stable findings in each of these areas are pointed out. Both limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Diindolylmethane-mediated Gli1 Protein Suppression Induces Anoikis in Ovarian Cancer Cells in Vitro and Blocks Tumor Formation Ability in Vivo

Anoikis is a cell death that occurs due to detachment of a cell from the extracellular matrix (ECM). Resistance to anoikis is a primary feature of a cell that undergoes metastasis. In this study for the first time, we demonstrated the potential role of Gli1 in anoikis resistance. Treatment of various ovarian cancer cells by different concentrations of diindolylmethane (DIM), an active ingredient of cruciferous vegetables, reduced the anoikis resistance in a concentration-dependent manner. Reduction in anoikis resistance was associated with a decrease in the expression of Gli1 and an increase in the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Sonic hedgehog (Shh) treatment not only increased the expression of Gli1, but also blocked anoikis induced by DIM and abrogated the change in the expression of Gli1 and cleaved PARP by DIM. To confirm the role of Gli1, hedgehog inhibitor cyclopamine, Gli1 siRNA and Gli1−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were used. Cyclopamine treatment alone significantly reduced anoikis resistance in A2780 and OVCAR-429 cells. Cyclopamine-mediated reduction in anoikis resistance was associated with reduced expression of Gli1 and induction of cleaved PARP. Shh treatment blocked cyclopamine-induced anoikis. Silencing Gli1 expression induced anoikis and cleavage of PARP in A2780 and OVCAR-429 cells. Furthermore, Gli1−/− MEFs were more sensitive to anoikis compared with Gli1+/+ MEFs. Our in vivo studies established that DIM- or cyclopamine-treated ovarian cancer cells under suspension culture conditions drastically lost their ability of tumor formation in vivo in mice. Taken together, our results establish that Gli1 is a critical player in anoikis resistance in ovarian cancer.
Substitution of Soybean Meal with Cottonseed Meal in Pond Feeds for Channel Catfish Reared at Low Densities

Cottonseed meals were evaluted as partial and complete replacements for soybean meal in pond feeds for channel catfish grown at densities of 5,300/ha. The following dietary treatments were used: 1) glanded cottonseed meal (GC) in which ½ of the soybean meal was replaced; 2) glandless cottonseed meal (GLC) in which all of the soybean was replaced, 3) a control feed (C) typical of commercial catfish feeds. The feeding trial was conducted in 0.04 ha earthen ponds for a period of 176 days. Natural prey species were present in all ponds. Final weights and condition factors of fish fed the GC feed were reduced compared to those fed the GLC or C feeds. This response did not appear to be related to dietary gossypol levels. Even though the GLC feed appeared to be deficient in available lysine, final weight and feed conversion of fish fed the GLC feed were equal to those fed the C feed. Possible nutrient contributions of natural food available in the ponds could not be determined. There were no significant differences in feed conversions or dressout percentages of fish regardless of dietary treatment. Fish fed the GLC feed exhibited a higher percentage of fat and lower percentages of moisture, protein and ash (dry weight basis) in edible tissue than fish fed the other feeds. Free gossypol levels in edible fish tissue were below 100 ppm.
To eat or not to eat red meat. A closer look at the relationship between restrained eating and vegetarianism in college females

Previous research has suggested that vegetarianism may serve as a mask for restrained eating. The purpose of this study was to compare the dietary habits and lifestyle behaviors of vegetarians (n=55), pesco-vegetarians (n=28), semi-vegetarians (n=29), and flexitarians (n=37), to omnivores (n=91), who do not restrict animal products from their diets. A convenience sample of college-age females completed questionnaires about their eating habits, food choice motivations, and personality characteristics. Results indicated that while vegetarians and pesco-vegetarians were more open to new experiences and less food neophobic, they were not more restrained than omnivores. Rather semi-vegetarians; those who restricted only red meat from their diet, and flexitarians; those who occasionally eat red meat, were significantly more restrained than omnivores. Whereas food choices of semi-vegetarians and flexitarians were motivated by weight control, vegetarians and pesco-vegetarians' food choices were motivated by ethical concerns. By focusing specifically on semi-vegetarian and flexitarian subgroups, more effective approaches can be developed to ensure that their concerns about weight loss do not lead to unhealthful or disordered eating patterns.
The glassy state of crambin and the THz time scale protein-solvent fluctuations possibly related to protein function

THz experiments have been used to characterize the picosecond time scale fluctuations taking place in the model, globular protein crambin. Using both hydration and temperature as an experimental parameter, we have identified collective fluctuations (<= 200 cm−1) in the protein. Observation of the protein dynamics in the THz spectrum from both below and above the glass transition temperature (Tg) has provided unique insight into the microscopic interactions and modes that permit the solvent to effectively couple to the protein thermal fluctuations. Our findings suggest that the solvent dynamics on the picosecond time scale not only contribute to protein flexibility but may also delineate the types of fluctuations that are able to form within the protein structure.
Wide-angle low-loss waveguide branching for integrated optics

Abstract A new wide-angle, low-loss, symmetrical Y-branch waveguide is proposed. The waveguide configuration utilizes ribs for lateral confinement in the planar guiding region underneath. This Y-branch structure can be fabricated easily without an additional process step. Together with a utilization of the multimode interference effect, a local decrease of the waveguide ridge in the wedge part of the Y-branch reduces the radiation loss. When proper@ designed, the proposed Y-branch has a radiation loss as low as 2.2 dB at a branch angle of 6° with the index difference (Δn/n) as small as 7.1 × 10−4 at a wavelength of 870 nm in the TE fundamental mode as compared to 12.6 dB for a conventional Y-branch. The proposed method yields corresponding advantages for waveguide designs with a higher Δn/n ratio and can also be adapted in combination with S-branch designs.
Temporal synergism of prolactin and adrenal steroids

Abstract Many responses to prolactin vary with a periodicity of 24 hr. The daily variations are entrained by the photoperiod and mediated by adrenal steroids. The temporal relations between these hormones are thought to control and coordinate many physiological conditions in vertebrates, including some involved in developmental and seasonal changes.
Adaptive Modeling of Analog/RF Circuits for Efficient Fault Response Evaluation

In this paper, we propose a methodology for adaptive modeling of analog/RF circuits. This modeling technique is specifically geared towards evaluating the response of a faulty circuit in terms of its specifications and/or measurements. The goal of this modeling approach is to compute important test metrics, such as fail probability, fault coverage, and/or yield coverage of a given measurement under process variations. Once the models for the faulty and fault-free circuit are generated, we can simply use Monte-Carlo sampling (as opposed to Monte-Carlo simulations) to compute these statistical parameters with high accuracy. We use the error budget that is defined in terms of computing the statistical metrics and the position of the threshold(s) to decide how precisely we need to extract the necessary models. Experiments on LNA and Mixer confirm that the proposed techniques can reduce the number of necessary simulations by factor of 7 respectively, in the computation of the fail probability.
Eclogite xenoliths from stockdale kimberlite, Kansas

Six kimberlite pipes of late Cretaceous or Tertiary age occur in Riley Co., east-central Kansas. Within the pipes xenoliths of local sedimentary and exotic igneous rocks are common, especially in the Stockdale pipe. Igneous rocks which occur as xenoliths include granite, gabbro, metagabbro, pyroxenite and eclogite. In the eclogites omphacitic clinopyroxene (approx. Di52Jd24mol%) and pyropic garnet (approx. Py47Al35Gr12mol%) are the predominant minerals with subordinate amounts of rutile and sulphides (pyrrotite-pentlandite (?)-chalcopyrite). Interstitial kaersutitic amphibole is a minor constituent. The eclogites are chemically equivalent to olivine-basalt.
The Influence of Corporate Power, Social Status, and Market Position on Corporate Interlocks in a Regional Network

The paper seeks to identify the criteria which companies use to select board members and which firms use to select the outside boards they sit on. Hypotheses were drawn from theories which view corporate interlocks as a strategy of market cooptation and from theories which argue that board interlocks are based on the prestige of CEOs or the prestige of companies. These hypotheses were tested on a population of 116 manufacturing corporations in a major metropolitan area. The statistical models used in the paper were developed by Fienberg and Wasserman. In sum, we found that interlocking on the metropolitan level was not influenced by the market position of firms. Neither dependencies across industrial sectors nor the locale of labor and consumer markets had any effects on the choice *Paper presented at the 1982 meetings of the American Sociological Assocation-Session on Elites. Support for this research has been provided by grants from the National Science Fottndation (SES 800-8570; SES 800-8573), and by the Center for Urban and Regional Affairs, University of Minnesota. We thank Andrew Van de Ven, Theodore Anderson, and Dawn Iacobucci for useful comments, and Jeanne-Marie Rohland, Joanne Losinski, and Lisa Thornquist for typing drafts of the manuscript. Address correspondence to either Stanley Wasserman, Departments of Psychology and Statistics, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820 or Joseph Galaskiewicz, Department of Sociology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis,
Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the Walch classification in primary glenohumeral arthritis.

Introduction In 1999, Walch et al introduced a novel classification scheme for glenoid morphology in patients with primary glenohumeral arthritis and reported substantial intraobserver and interobserver reliability. This classification system has been widely used by shoulder surgeons but a recent independent evaluation revealed considerable lower agreement. The goal of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of the Walch classification. Material and methods Twenty-three consecutive patients (26 shoulders) undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) or evaluated for TSA between March 2007 and November 2007 had shoulder CT scans performed and were included in this study. Three attending shoulder surgeons and 5 shoulder/sports medicine trained fellows independently and blindly evaluated CT scans of 26 consecutive patients with primary glenohumeral arthritis, and classified each patient according to the Walch classification to determine the interobserver reliability. The intraobserver reliability was assessed by comparison of the classification of each patient by the observers on 2 occasions separated by at least 6 weeks. Results The overall interobserver agreement for all 8 observers was moderate (k = .508) for all Walch classes. The overall intraobserver reproducibility was substantial (k = .611). Discussion We have shown that the interobserver reliability of the Walch classification is moderate while the intraobserver reliability is substantial. This is similar to or superior to the reliability of many commonly used orthopaedic classification systems. While the Walch classification system is not as reliable as initially suggested and improvement of this classification system would be of utility for future clinical studies, we have shown that this is an acceptable classification system and has good clinical and research applications.
Alchemy and Exorcism in American Educational Thought

(1982). Alchemy and Exorcism in American Educational Thought. The Educational Forum: Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 181-191.
Therapeutic and diagnostic utility of Adenosine during tachycardia evaluation in children

Adenosine has become the drug of choice for termination of regular, normal QRS tachycardia. Initial studies in adult and pediatric patients have shown that the drug is effective for tachycardias using the atrioventricular (AV) node as an integral part of the tachycardia circuit and has few serious side effects. Experience with adenosine administration in children was reviewed to examine the diagnostic and therapeutic usefulness, effective dose, and adverse effects of adenosine. Adenosine was administered to 38 children during 50 separate electrophysiologic evaluations. Eleven patients had structural or acquired heart disease. Tachycardia mechanisms included orthodromic-reciprocating tachycardia using an accessory AV connection (23 patients), primary atrial tachycardia (6 patients), AV node reentrant tachycardia (3 patients), ventricular tachycardia (2 patients), postoperative junctional tachycardia (1 patient), and antidromic-reciprocating tachycardia (1 patient). Adenosine successfully terminated 51 of 53 episodes (96%) of tachycardia using the AV node, 5 of 10 primary atrial tachycardias, 1 of 1 junctional tachycardia, and 1 of 3 ventricular tachycardias. Reinitiation of tachycardia was seen after 16 of 58 successful terminations (28%), reducing the effectiveness to 39 of 53 (74%) for tachycardia requiring the AV node. Average effective dose was 132 micrograms/kg, range 50 to 250 micrograms/kg, and was slightly higher for peripheral (147 micrograms/kg) than for central (120 micrograms/kg) administration. Significant complications occurred in 4 of 38 patients, including atrial fibrillation, accelerated ventricular tachycardia, apnea, and 1 minute of asystole. Although adenosine is useful therapeutically and diagnostically in children with tachycardia, its effectiveness is limited by tachycardia reinitiation and adverse effects. Higher doses may be required for peripheral intravenous administration.
ac-Calorimetry of (TMTSF)2PF6

Abstract We have searched for dynamic thermal effects in (TMTSF) 2 PF 6 by measuring its specific heat with ac calorimetry. Near its spin-density-wave transition (T c =12 K), the magnitude of the specific heat is the same as that measured in quasi-static measurements, indicating that there are no kinetic contributions to the specific heat at these temperatures. The anomaly at T c is consistent with the Ehrenfest relation estimate for a continuous phase transition. No anomalies are observed in a pellet of (TMTSF) 2 PF 6 mixed with KBr at T c or the expected “spin-density-wave glass” transition (T g ∼3.5 K), suggesting that residual disorder in the pellet freezes in a glassy state at T c .
Commonly missed subtle skeletal injuries in children: a pictorial review

Children are distinctive as compared to adults when it comes to musculoskeletal injuries. This is due to the relative elasticity of bones and the presence of epiphyseal plates. There are many subtle injuries which will be missed if the radiologist is not aware of them and is not actively searching for them. The common elusive injuries include: (1) plastic bending fractures, (2) sternoclavicular dislocation, (3) epiphyseal-metaphyseal injuries in older child, (4) buckle fractures, and (5) Toddler fracture types I and II. Detection of these injuries needs an accurate history, a good physical examination, and, in particular, a thorough search by the radiologist. In many cases, it is the radiologist who suggests likelihood of the injury and guides management. In this respect, the use of comparative views and, in some cases, additional imaging is warranted. Here, we review the elusive musculoskeletal injuries in children in pictorial form.
HOLY TRANSFIGURATION MONASTERY

This paper considers a Baptist monastic community in Breakwater, Geelong, Australia, and how its relationship with the local church has developed.
Motivation for stopping tobacco use among emergency department patients.

Objectives: To determine the feasibility of new models for reinforcing tobacco-use-cessation interventions initiated in the emergency department (ED). The authors assessed the level of motivation to quit tobacco use among a general population of ED patients; the proportion who receive tobacco-use assessments, information, and interventions from ED providers; and the desired timing of tobacco-use interventions. Methods: Face-to-face interviews with a convenience sample of 376 adult patients receiving care in the ED at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Results: Of the 376 participants, 27% (100/376; 95% CI = 22% to 31%) currently used one or more forms of tobacco. Thirty percent (30/100; 95% CI = 21% to 40%) of tobacco users were in the preparation stage of change for tobacco cessation. The median score on the Contemplation Ladder was 6 (range: 0–10). Twenty-seven percent (27/100; 95% CI = 19% to 37%) of all tobacco users would have been interested in a tobacco-use treatment after the ED visit, such as telephone-based counseling. Of the current tobacco users either receiving or desiring a tobacco-use intervention, 74% (25/34; 95% CI = 56% to 87%) would be interested in receiving an intervention component after the ED visit. Conclusions: ED patients who use tobacco demonstrate motivation to quit and express interest in receiving interventions to assist them after the ED visit. Previous investigations have observed that ED patients do not attend interventions prescribed after the initial ED encounter. These findings suggest that the development of new models for reinforcing tobacco-use interventions initiated in the ED deserve exploration, such as linking them to a tobacco quitline.
Operator entropy and fidelity associated with the geometric mean

Abstract We consider operator versions of quantum Tsallis relative entropy that involve the weighted matrix geometric mean and establish relationships with the fidelity of a pure state and an arbitrary state. We define the symmetrized operator entropy based on the Tsallis relative operator entropy and study its properties.
Nanomechanical properties of Au (111), (001), and (110) surfaces

Using the interfacial force microscope in an indentation mode, we have quantitatively investigated the mechanical properties for the (111), (001), and (110) surfaces of Au single crystals. Nanoscale indentations of wide, atomically flat terraces provide a measure of the nanomechanical properties of Au in the absence of bulk and surface defects. The elastic indentation modulus for the (111) surface was found to be 36% greater than for the (001) and 3% greater than for the (110) surfaces. These results are compared to earlier theoretical predictions of the effect of anisotropy on indentation based on continuum mechanics and atomistic simulations. Additionally, we have quantified the yield point of the three crystal orientations by measuring the stress at which initial plastic deformation occurs. By resolving the applied stresses on {111} slip planes, we have estimated maximum shear stresses at the yield point. For each orientation, plastic deformation occurred when the maximum resolved shear stress reached approximately 1.8 GPa on all {111} planes that appeared to contribute to deformation. Based on this estimate, we propose that the critical resolved shear stress for plastic indentation of Au is 1.8 GPa and that the yield criterion is that this stress be attained on all {111} slip planes noncoplanar with the surface.
Augmenting MATLAB with semantic objects for an interactive visual environment

Analysis tools such as Matlab, R, and SAS support a myriad of built-in computational functions and various standard visualization techniques. However, most of them provide little interaction from visualizations mainly due to the fact that the tools treat the data as just numerical vectors or matrices while ignoring any semantic meaning associated with them. To solve this limitation, we augment Matlab, one of the widely used data analysis tools, with the capability of directly handling the underlying semantic objects and their meanings. Such capabilities allow users to flexibly assign essential interaction capabilities, such as brushing-and-linking and details-on-demand interactions, to visualizations. To demonstrate the capabilities, two usage scenarios in document and graph analysis domains are presented.
Weighing Women Down: Messages on Weight Loss and Body Shaping in Editorial Content in Popular Women's Health and Fitness Magazines

Exposure to idealized body images has been shown to lower women's body satisfaction. Yet some studies found the opposite, possibly because real-life media (as opposed to image-only stimuli) often embed such imagery in messages that suggest thinness is attainable. Drawing on social cognitive theory, the current content analysis investigated editorial body-shaping and weight-loss messages in popular women's health and fitness magazines. About five thousand magazine pages published in top-selling U.S. women's health and fitness magazines in 2010 were examined. The findings suggest that body shaping and weight loss are a major topic in these magazines, contributing to roughly one-fifth of all editorial content. Assessing standards of motivation and conduct, as well as behaviors promoted by the messages, the findings reflect overemphasis on appearance over health and on exercise-related behaviors over caloric reduction behaviors and the combination of both behaviors. These accentuations are at odds with public...
O1 Mode d’action de l’exénatide sur la réduction des glycémies post-prandiales dans le diabète de type 2

Introduction L'exenatide diminue de facon marquee l'hyperglycemie postprandiale (PP) et plus modestement la glycemie a jeun (GAJ). Patients et methodes Afin d'explorer les mecanismes impliques, 6 patients diabetiques de type 2 (DT2) (45±8 ans ; 2F/4H ; IMC 31±2 kg/m 2 ; HbA1c 8,1±0,8 %) sous metformine (n=3) ou sulfamide (n=3) ont recu un repas test avant (PRE) et 2 semaines apres (POST) un traitement sous-cutane par exenatide (5 μg 2/j 1 semaine puis 10 μg 2/j la 2 e ). Le repas contenait 600 cal, 75 g de glucose marque ([1] - 14 C-glucose). 3 heures avant et 6 heures suivant le repas, les patients recevaient une perfusion continue de 3- [ 3 H] -glucose. Le debit total d'apparition du glucose dans la circulation systemique (RaT), le debit d'apparition du glucose oral (RaO), la production endogene du glucose (EGP) et l'utilisation splanchnique du glucose alimentaire (SGU=75 g - RaO[0-360 mn]) etaient mesures par double marquage isotopique. La sensibilite hepatique a l'insuline (HIS) etait calculee [100/EGPxFPI]. Glycemie, insulinemie et glucagonemie etaient mesures AJ et durant 6 heures apres le repas test (PRT). Resultats Avant traitement, la GAJ (moyenne±SD 171±18 mg/dl) augmentait a 225±23 mg/dl PRT, l'insuline AJ de 11±2 a 15±3 μU/ml, le glucagon ne changeait pas (58 ± ±8 a 57±7 pg/ml). Apres exenatide, la GAJ (132±13 mg/ dl) et la G PRT (173±16 mg/dl) diminuaient (p vs POST). L'insuline augmentait de 7±3 a 18±4 μU/ml, le glucagon diminuait de 66±6 a 60 ±8 pg/ml (p vs POST). L'EGP basale diminuait (2,3±0,1 vs 1,8±0,2 mg/kg/mn, p Conclusion L'exenatide influence profondement l'homeostasie du glucose splanchnique en augmentant la HIS et la SGU. Le role du ralentissement de la vidange gastrique reste indetermine. Le GLP-1 pourrait representer le facteur intestinal depuis longtemps recherche.
Identification of Defects Limiting the Carrier Lifetime in n- Epitaxial Layers of 4H-SiC

The identification of defects limiting the carrier lifetime in n- epilayers of 4H-SiC is reviewed. The dominant electron traps, the Z1/2 and EH6/7 defects, believed to be VC-related, have been correlated to the lifetime in several studies. It was later shown that only one center, Z1/2 , actually controls the bulk lifetime. In recently-grown material with low Z1/2 concentration, other processes dominate. Recent measurements indicate that surface recombination controls the lifetime.
Large methyl halide emissions from south Texas salt marshes

Coastal salt marshes are natural sources of methyl chloride (CH 3 Cl) and methyl bromide (CH 3 Br) to the atmosphere, but measured emission rates vary widely by geography. Here we report large methyl halide fluxes from subtropical salt marshes of south Texas. Sites with the halophytic plant, Batis maritima , emitted methyl halides at rates that are orders of magnitude greater than sites containing other vascular plants or macroalgae. B. maritima emissions were generally highest at midday; however, diurnal variability was more pronounced for CH 3 Br than CH 3 Cl, and surprisingly high nighttime CH 3 Cl fluxes were observed in July. Seasonal and intra-site variability were large, even taking into account biomass differences. Overall, these subtropical salt marsh sites show much higher emission rates than temperate salt marshes at similar times of the year, supporting the contention that low-latitude salt marshes are significant sources of CH 3 Cl and CH 3 Br.
Théophile Leclerc: An Anti‐Jacobin Terrorist

(1971). Theophile Leclerc: An Anti‐Jacobin Terrorist. The Historian: Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 398-414.
Effect of a resident self-study and presentation program on performance on the thoracic surgery in-training examination

Abstract Background: In this study we examine whether conversion from a didactic lecture format to a resident self-study and presentation program can improve performance on the Thoracic Surgery In-Training Examination (TSITE). Methods: During the first 5 years, educational conferences were didactic lectures delivered by the attending thoracic surgery staff (group 1, n=9 residents). During the second 5 years, residents prepared and delivered reviews from major textbook sources (group 2, n=9 residents). Scores on the American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination (ABSITE) as a chief resident in general surgery were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance to assess fund of knowledge and test-taking skills prior to thoracic surgery training for the two groups. Scores on the TSITE during the first and second years of thoracic surgery training were recorded for each resident and analyzed using a paired t test. The data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. Results: Eighteen thoracic surgery residents over a 10-year period were involved in the study. ABSITE scores as a chief resident in general surgery did not differ between the two groups. Residents in group 1 improved their percentile rank from the first to the second year by a mean of 11% ± 12%, whereas those in group 2 improved their scores by a mean of 31% ± 21% ( P Conclusions: When compared with a didactic lecture format, a resident self study and presentation program improves performance on the Thoracic Surgery In-Training Examination. This improvement in performance typically manifests during the second year of thoracic surgery training.
Nitroglycerin-inhibited whole blood aggregation is partially mediated by calcitonin gene-related peptide -- a neurogenic mechanism.

1 The role of the vasculature and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in nitroglycerin (NTG)-mediated platelet inhibition was studied. 2 In vitro incubations of CGRP in whole blood induced a dose-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation with an IC50 of 62.1 nM. 3 The platelet inhibition induced by CGRP was blocked by co-incubation of 0.53 μM CGRP8-37, as well as 30 μM NG-nitro-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA). 4 In a separate group of experiments, 100 nM NTG in rat whole blood (WB) induced platelet inhibition of 6.0±1.3% (mean±s.d.), which was enhanced to 77.6±3.5% by the addition of rat aortic tissue (AT) (P<0.001). The inclusion of CGRP8–37 with NTG and AT in WB reduced platelet inhibition to 31.6±6.8% (P<0.01). Incubation of WB and AT with 30 μML-NMMA reduced NTG-induced inhibition of platelet aggregation to 26.4±4.2% (P<0.001). 5 It is concluded that vascular tissue contributes to the antiplatelet mechanism of action of NTG. Furthermore, NTG apparently evokes the release of CGRP from vascular tissue and this neuropeptide contributes to the antiplatelet actions of NTG. 6 The antiplatelet activity of CGRP in whole blood is mediated primarily through the activation of nitric oxide synthase. British Journal of Pharmacology (1997) 122, 577–583; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0701408
Quarter-Scale Space Shuttle Design, Fabrication, and Test

This paper discusses the design, fabrication, and dynamic testing of the quarter-scale model of the Space Shuttle system. As an integral part of the Shuttle design verification effort, the quarter-scale ground vibration test program was implemented to provide early verification of the dynamic characteristics of the Shuttle elements, both individually and in mated configurations. This paper presents the prominent aspects of the design and fabrication phases of the quarter-scale program and summarizes the ground vibration test program. Typical dynamic test data are presented and discussed. Future tests utilizing the quarter-scale vehicles are outlined.
Monolayer studies of insulin-lipid interactions.

Abstract □ The interactions between insulin and various lipids were studied by monolayer penetration experiments at constant surface area. The increase in surface pressure, ΔΠ, of a lipid film depended upon the particular lipid used and the concentration of insulin in the subphase. For all lipids studied, ΔΠ was dependent on the initial surface pressure of the lipid film. Evidence of the interaction between insulin and the lipids was found in the ability of insulin to penetrate lipid films with initial pressures > 16 dynes/cm, the maximum surface pressure obtained by insulin alone. For phospholipids, both the nonpolar and polar regions influenced the degree of interaction with insulin. Saturated chain lecithins exhibited less penetration than phospholipids with unsaturated hydrocarbon chains. The net charge of the lipid was not found to be an important determinant of penetration; however, the structure of the polar group can have a dramatic effect. Insulin penetration of mixed lipid films cannot be predicted by the penetration characteristics of the pure components. The possible role of these interactions in determining the geography of the insulin molecule within the liposome and its resultant effects on the stability is discussed.
Military-based virtual systems engineering

This paper discusses how the military can and should move into the world of virtual systems engineering. In the past engineering designs were first done on paper, reviewed using scale models, and finalized in the full scale products. In the future all aspects of product design, manufacture, and repair will be done in virtual space. The ability to make changes "on-the-fly" and without "cutting metal" can save money and time, and will result in better designs. Online collaboration, rapid access to a broad range of tools and experts, and realization of the results into a format that can be quickly and easily understood will enable a decision maker to more fully understand the implications of a particular decision. These tools have broad application in both industrial and military decision making.
Multilocus phylogeny reveals unexpected diversification patterns in Asian wolf snakes (genus Lycodon)

known of the relationships among species in this unique, moderately diverse, group. The genus occurs widely from central to Southeast Asia, and contains both widespread species to forms that are endemic to small islands. One-third of the diversity is found in the Philippine archipelago. Both morphological similarity and highly variable diagnostic characters have contributed to confusion over species-level diversity. Additionally, the placement of the genus among genera in the subfamily Colubrinae remains uncertain, although previous studies have supported a close relationship with the genus Dinodon. In this study, we provide the first estimate of phylogenetic relationships within the genus Lycodon using a new multilocus data set. We provide statistical tests of monophyly based on biogeographic, morphological and taxonomic hypotheses. With few exceptions, we are able to reject many of these hypotheses, indicating a need for taxonomic revisions and a reconsideration of the group's biogeography. Mapping of color patterns on our preferred phylogenetic tree suggests that banded and blotched types have evolved on multiple occasions in the history of the genus, whereas the solid-color (and possibly speckled) morphotype color patterns evolved only once. Our results reveal that the colubrid genus Dinodon is nested within Lycodon—a clear finding that necessitates the placing of the former genus in synonymy with the latter.
Immunocytochemical Evidence that GLUT4 Resides in a Specialized Translocation Post-endosomal VAMP2-positive Compartment in Rat Adipose Cells in the Absence of Insulin

SUMMARY Insulin stimulates glucose transport in rat adipose cells through the translocation of GLUT4 from a poorly defined intracellular compartment to the cell surface. We employed confocal microscopy to determine the in situ localization of GLUT4 relative to vesicle, Golgi, and endosomal proteins in these physiological insulin target cells. Three-dimensional analyses of GLUT4 immunostaining in basal cells revealed an intracellular punctate, patchy distribution both in the perinuclear region and scattered throughout the cytoplasm. VAMP2 closely associates with GLUT4 in many punctate vesicle-like structures. A small fraction of GLUT4 overlaps with TGN38-mannosidase ll, g -adaptin, and mannose-6-phosphate receptors in the perinuclear region, presumably corresponding to late endosome and trans -Golgi network structures. GLUT4 does not co-localize with transferrin receptors, clathrin, and lgp-120. After insulin treatment, GLUT4 partially redistributes to the cell surface and decreases in the perinuclear area. However, GLUT4 remains co-localized with TGN38-mannosidase ll and g -adaptin. Therefore, the basal compartment from which GLUT4 is translocated in response to insulin comprises specialized post-endosomal VAMP2positive vesicles, distinct from the constitutively recycling endosomes. These results are consistent with a kinetic model in which GLUT4 is sequestered through two or more intracellular pools in series. (J Histochem Cytochem 45:1083‐1096, 1997)
A Teaching Note on Demonstrating the Ambiguity of ERDs with Respect to Referential Integrity

A limitation of entity relationship diagram (ERD) notation in representing referential integrity (RI) is discussed. Several examples are used to illustrate both the limitations of the ERD and the variety of RI issues in SQL. This paper suggests that confusion is created by conflating the ERD model with the relational model. A modest suggestion for clarification is proposed for inclusion in a database class.
From Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder to Substance Use Disorder: Perspectives from Recovering Addicts

People who have Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are often at high risk of acquiring Substance Use Disorder (SUD). When a diagnosis is determined for a school age child, the special education team mainly focuses on the most obvious problems that occur with ADHD: executive function issues, reading and writing impairments, and disruptive behavior. They may not realize how common it is for those identified with ADHD to also acquire SUD. The literature revealed that there may be a shared genetic basis between ADHD and SUD, that there is commonly an early onset of SUD for those who have ADHD, and that this population has high impairments across several domains of daily life which complicate treatment response. The purpose of this study was twofold: To generate an increased awareness of the specific connection between SUD and ADHD, and to construct a plan of action for special education teachers who need to provide more support for risk prone adolescents. This was a mixed methods study using both qualitative and quantitative information. Subjects included adults with ADHD who are recovering drug addicts. They were asked to complete a questionnaire about their perceptions and the trajectory of their personal experience. Results of the current study indicated that adults who had been diagnosed with ADHD as children, or found out later in life about their ADHD diagnosis, had similar experiences to one another. Themes included: a concern that teachers did not know how to communicate with them, an early onset of SUD, the use of different substances to feel calm, manage their feelings of anxiety and cope with low self-esteem, an identified genetic factor, and dysfunctional life skills across environments.
What Do Planning Professionals, Police, and Pedestrians in General Think About Distracted Driving and Walking?:

Issues that relate to distracted driving and walking are discussed by presenting results from a survey of planning professionals, police officers, and pedestrians in New Jersey. The pedestrian intercept survey was completed by 788 individuals, while the online surveys for planning professionals and police officers were completed by 209 and 156 individuals, respectively. The surveys primarily focused on the perceptions of seriousness, prevalence, and solutions to distracted driving and walking. One of the key findings from the surveys is that all three groups considered distracted driving and walking to be serious problems that were becoming increasingly more common over time. Of types of driving distractions, texting and talking on handheld phones were considered to be two of the most common and yet least safe driver distractions. All three groups perceived mandatory education for new drivers, stricter enforcement of existing laws, and more severe penalties for drivers involved in crashes as the most impo...