cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cyclodextrin overcomes the transport defect in nearly every organ of NPC1 mice leading to excretion of sequestered cholesterol as bile acid

A mutation in NPC1 leads to sequestration of unesterified cholesterol in the late endosomal/lysosomal compartment of every cell culminating in the development of pulmonary, hepatic, and neurodegenerative disease. Acute administration of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (CYCLO) rapidly overcomes this transport defect in both the 7-day-old pup and 49-day-old mature npc1−/− mouse, even though this compound is cleared from the body and plasma six times faster in the mature mouse than in the neonatal animal. The liberated cholesterol flows into the cytosolic ester pool, suppresses sterol synthesis, down-regulates SREBP2 and its target genes, and reduces expression of macrophage-associated inflammatory genes. These effects are seen in the liver and brain, as well as in peripheral organs like the spleen and kidney. Only the lung appears to be resistant to these effects. Forty-eight h after CYCLO administration to the 49-day-old animals, fecal acidic, but not neutral, sterol output increases, whole-animal cholesterol burden is reduced, and the hepatic and neurological inflammation is ameliorated. However, lifespan is extended only when the CYCLO is administered to the 7-day-old animals. These studies demonstrate that CYCLO administration acutely reverses the cholesterol transport defect seen in the NPC1 mouse at any age, and this reversal allows the sequestered sterol to be excreted from the body as bile acid.
Deterministic variability analysis for intermediate storage in noncontinuous processes. Part I: Allowability conditions

Noncontinuous processes involving batch and semicontinuous processing operations are typically subject to significant levels of process parameter variations. Intermediate storage is commonly used to mitigate the effects of these variations. A taxonomy and analysis is presented of the various types of parameter variations: elementary and composite, single and multiple, homogeneous and mixed, overlapping and nonoverlapping. Sufficient conditions are developed which insure that continuity of periodic operation can be maintained in the presence of these various types of process variations. These conditions serve as the basis of storage sizing procedures developed in the companion paper.
Thermal conductivity correlation for uranium nitride fuel between 10 and 1923 K

Abstract This research compiled and analyzed UN fuel thermal conductivity data covering the temperature range from 10 to 1923 K, and fuel density of 93% to 100% TD and, then developed a thermal conductivity correlation for 100% dense UN fuel: k(W/m K) = 1.37T 0.41 . This correlation predicts the thermal conductivity as a function of temperature within ± 10% of the data.
From Waveguiding to Spatial Localization of THz Waves Within a Plasmonic Metallic Grating

In this paper, we have derived the dispersion relations for terahertz (THz) waves propagating in a direction parallel to the surface of a perfect conducting plane hosting an array of 1-D grooves having a constant depth. Since the dispersion relations for the fundamental surface mode resemble those for the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) at optical frequencies, such a uniform grating can be used to effectively guide THz waves. The dispersion relations for these spoof SPPs can be tailored by choosing the geometric parameters of the surface structures. We show that a graded metallic surface grating can be used to trap THz waves at different locations of the surface grating corresponding to the different wavelengths of the waves.
Design of a self-cleaning thermoresponsive nanocomposite hydrogel membrane for implantable biosensors.

Abstract Following implantation of a biosensor, adhesion of proteins and cells and eventual fibrous encapsulation will limit analyte diffusion and impair sensor performance. A thermoresponsive nanocomposite hydrogel was developed as a self-cleaning biosensor membrane to minimize the effect of the host response and its utility for an optical glucose sensor, demonstrated here. It was previously reported that thermoresponsive nanocomposite hydrogels prepared from photopolymerization of an aqueous solution of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and polysiloxane colloidal nanoparticles released adhered cells with thermal cycling. However, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels exhibit a volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) of ∼33–34 °C, which is below body temperature. Thus, the hydrogel would be in a collapsed state in vivo, which would ultimately limit diffusion of the target analyte (e.g., glucose) to the encapsulated sensor. In this study, the VPTT of the nanocomposite hydrogel was increased by introducing N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) as a comonomer, so that the hydrogel was in the swollen state in vivo. This thermoresponsive nanocomposite hydrogel was prepared by the photopolymerization of an aqueous solution of NIPAAm, NVP, and polysiloxane colloidal nanoparticles. In addition to a VPTT a few degrees above body temperature, the hydrogel also exhibited good mechanical strength, glucose diffusion, and in vitro cell release upon thermal cycling. Thus, this nanocomposite hydrogel may be useful as a biosensor membrane to minimize biofouling and extend the lifetime and efficiency of implantable glucose sensors and other biosensors.
Marfan's syndrome

Asfaw I, Tintinalli JE: Marfan's syndrome. Ann Emerg Med 9:105-107, February 1 980. Marfan's syndrome; syndrome, Marfan's; aortic insufficiency, Marfan's syndro me I NTRODUCTION Judith Tintinalli, MD: The case for discussion today is that of a young woman with Marfan's syndrome and chest pain. The guest speaker is Ingida Asfaw, MD, associate professor of cardiothoracic surgery at Wayne State University. CASE REPORT James Bavinger, MD: This 20-year-old woman had been diagnosed to have Marfan's syndrome at the Mayo Clinic the previous day. She had returned to Michigan from Minnesota the night before admission, and while eating breakfast, she developed crushing substernal and back pain. She was immediately
Fundamental changes to EPA's research enterprise: the path forward.

Environmental protection in the United States has reached a critical juncture. It has become clear that to address the complex and interrelated environmental challenges we face, we must augment our...
A Genre in the Making—A Grounded Theory Explanation of the Cultural Factors in Current Resume Writing in China

Little research has been done to explore the status of business genres in China. The present study explores the evolution of genre of resume writing in China using a grounded theory approach. This study examines the rhetorical patterns and persuasive strategies employed in resume writing in different periods in China and reveals how these changes are related to historical, social, and economic contexts in China, especially from 1979 to 2010, as well as impacts of global contexts on Chinese resume writing. This study characterizes resume writing in China and relates these features to cultural motives and cultural contexts. It concludes that current resume writing practice in China shows a glocal trend.
Bile Acid Metabolism in Patients with Cirrhosis: I. Kinetic aspects of cholic acid metabolism

Labeled cholic acid was administered orally to 8 patients with cirrhosis and no ascites. Bile-rich duodenal fluid was obtained at daily intervals for periods up to 7 days, and bile acid composition and cholic acid specific activity were determined. The total and component bile acid pools, cholic acid production, and half-life were estimated from the data and compared with a group of our patients without liver disease previously reported. The total and component bile acid pools were markedly reduced in patients with cirrhosis. The total bile acid pool was 46% smaller in cirrhotic patients than the control patients (1.3 g versus 2.4 g). There was a virtual absence of biliary deoxycholic acid in 7 of 8 patients with cirrhosis. Cholic acid production in the cirrhotic patients was approximately one-third that of the normal group. A prolongation of the cholic acid turnover time was also noted in 3 of the 8 cirrhotic patients. It is suggested that in patients with cirrhosis the failure of the liver to produce adequate amounts of bile acids is responsible for the diminished bile acid pool. The nonpancreatogenic steatorrhea observed in some patients with cirrhosis might be attributed in part to a lack of sufficient bile salts in the intestine.
Large-Scale Chromatin Unfolding and Remodeling Induced by VP16 Acidic Activation Domain

Analysis of the relationship between transcriptional activators and chromatin organization has focused largely on lower levels of chromatin structure. Here we describe striking remodeling of large-scale chromatin structure induced by a strong transcriptional activator. A VP16-lac repressor fusion protein targeted the VP16 acidic activation domain to chromosome regions containing lac operator repeats. Targeting was accompanied by increased transcription, localized histone hyperacetylation, and recruitment of at least three different histone acetyltransferases. Observed effects on large-scale chromatin structure included unfolding of a 90-Mbp heterochromatic chromosome arm into an extended 25–40-μm chromonema fiber, remodeling of this fiber into a novel subnuclear domain, and propagation of large-scale chromatin unfolding over hundreds of kilobase pairs. These changes in large-scale chromatin structure occurred even with inhibition of ongoing transcription by α-amanitin. Our results suggest a functional link between recruitment of the transcriptional machinery and changes in large-scale chromatin structure. Based on the observed long-range propagation of changes in large-scale chromatin structure, we suggest a possible rationale for the observed clustering of housekeeping genes within Mbp-sized chromosome bands.
The Structure of Partisan Attitudes: Reexamining Partisan Dimensionality and Ambivalence

The true nature of Americans'party attachments remains an area of enduring controversy. Due to inadequate measures, scholars have argued without resolution as to whether partisanship is unidimensional and bipolar, or rather attitudes towards each party are on separate dimensions. Using more appropriate, psychologically specific, multi-item measures of positive and negative partisan evaluations, however; (1) goes a long way towards settling this problematic debate; and (2) allows for explorations of the heretofore unexamined role of ambivalence in partisanship. I find that partisan attitudes are unidimensional and strongly bipolar and that ambivalence weakens the impact of partisan attitudes in both attitudes and behaviors in predictable ways. After more than four decades of research on party identification in the United States, scholars have come to an extensive understanding of how persons think and feel about their preferred political party. Yet, just how attitudes towards one major party impact attitudes towards the other party remains an area of some controversy (e.g., Wattenberg, 1998). This debate remains unsettled primarily due to reliance upon measures insufficient for the task. The overwhelming majority of research on partisanship is driven by the measures available in National Election Studies, yet these were not designed with the psychological specificity to settle the ongoing debates over partisanship (Greene, 2002). Here, I use more psychologically specific measures to more definitively answer the question: just how are attitudes towards the Democratic party related to attitudes towards the Republican party? The bulk of our understanding of partisanship comes from studies using the Michigan item-respondents identify their preferred party and then the strength
Adaptive algorithms with nonlinear data and error functions

The tools of nonlinear system theory are used to examine several common nonlinear variants of the LMS algorithm and derive a persistence of excitation criterion for local exponential stability. The condition is tight when the inputs are periodic, and a generic counterexample is demonstrated which gives (local) instability for a large class of such nonlinear versions of LMS, specifically, those which utilize a nonlinear data function. The presence of a nonlinear error function is found to be relatively benign in that it does not affect the stability of the error system. Rather, it defines the cost function the algorithm tends to minimize. Specific examples include the dead zone modification, the cubed data nonlinearity, the cubed error nonlinearity, the signed regressor algorithm, and a single-layer version of the backpropagation algorithm. >
Minimal role of eastern fence lizards in Borrelia burgdorferi transmission in central New Jersey oak/pine woodlands.

Abstract: The eastern fence lizard, Sceloporus undulatus, is widely distributed in eastern and central North America, ranging through areas with high levels of Lyme disease, as well as areas where Lyme disease is rare or absent. We studied the potential role of S. undulatus in transmission dynamics of Lyme spirochetes by sampling ticks from a variety of natural hosts at field sites in central New Jersey, and by testing the reservoir competence of S. undulatus for Borrelia burgdorferi in the laboratory. The infestation rate of ticks on fence lizards was extremely low (prevalence = 0.087, n = 23) compared to that on white-footed mice and other small mammals (prevalence = 0.53, n = 140). Of 159 nymphs that had fed as larvae on lizards that had previously been exposed to infected nymphs, none was infected with B. burgdorferi, compared with 79.9% of 209 nymphs that had fed as larvae on infected control mice. Simulations suggest that changes in the numbers of fence lizards in a natural habitat would have little...
Pharmacological Effects from Drugs Injected Intracerebrally in Unanesthetized Animals

The intracerebral injection of cardiac glycosides, quinidine sulfate, procainamide, chlorpromazine, reserpine, and lysergic acid diethylamide in unanesthetized dogs produced symptoms of a profound autonomic nervous system stimulation. Many common effects were produced by several structurally unrelated drugs. However, certain drugs had rather specific actions, which seemed to be localized in discrete areas in the brain. Studies with such preparations allow an estimate to be made of central activity without the complicating factors of general anesthesia or diffusion across the blood brain-barrier.
Influence of Storage Times After Cooking on Warner‐Bratzler Shear Values of Beef Roasts

Fifty longissimus and 49 biceps femoris roasts were cut from five Choice-grade steer carcasses and used to evaluate differences in Warner-Bratzler shear values at different times after cooking. Five longissimus roasts and four or five biceps femoris roasts were cut from both sides of each carcass. Roasts were cooked to an internal temperature of 71°C then wrapped in aluminum foil and chilled (4°C) for 2, 24, 48, 72 or 168 hr prior to shear analysis. No differences in shear values by carcass side or by length of chill after cooking existed for biceps femoris roasts. Longissimus roasts were more tender when taken from the left side and when chilled for 2 hr vs longer chill periods. Roasts chilled for 24, 48, 72 or 168 hr had similar shear values. Cores taken from the medial portion of the longissimus roasts had lower shear values than cores taken from the central or lateral portions. Longissimus roasts were always more tender than roasts from the biceps femoris muscle and they were less variable in tenderness.
Comparative Cost-Effectiveness of Fluvastatin and Lovastatin in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia

OBJECTIVE: Effectiveness of lovastatin and fluvastatin based on lowering LDL cholesterol in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. DESIGN: Single-center, open-label, randomized crossover eight-week comparison of equal doses (20 mg and 40 mg daily) of lovastatin and fluvastatin. SETTING: University-affiliated outpatient cardiology clinic. PATIENTS: Forty patients (19 men and 21 women) aged 58 :I: 17 years with primary hypercholesterolemia (baseline LDL cholesterol 160mg/dl or higher). MEASUREMENTS: Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were obtained after an eight-week American Heart Association Step 1 diet and after eight weeks of treatment with lovastatin and fluvastatin. Cost analyses included cost per percent change in LDL cholesterol, cost per successfully treated patient, and incremental cost-effectiveness. RESULTS: All 40 patients successfully completed the crossover without the development of dose-limiting side effects. No patient developed abnormal serum trans...
Diagnosis of Headache in Children and Adolescents

This chapter reviews the evaluation and diagnosis of children and adolescents who present with episodic migraine and its subtypes. The first part of the chapter describes the evaluation of headaches in children and adolescents. Clinical pearls on common temporal patterns, likelihood of secondary headache, proper examination, and shortcuts to diagnosis are presented.
Effects of brain stem lesions on 10-Hz and 2- to 6-Hz rhythms in sympathetic nerve discharge

We studied the effects of brain stem lesions or transection on the 10-Hz and 2- to 6-Hz rhythms in sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) in baroreceptor-denervated unanesthetized decerebrate cats. The results indicate that these two rhythms depend in part on different brain stem regions. The 10-Hz rhythm was eliminated by ablation of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), medullary raphe complex, or pontine parabrachial and Kolliker-Fuse complex (PB/KF) or by pontomedullary border transection. Except for RVLM lesions, these procedures did not disrupt the 2- to 6-Hz rhythm in SND. In fact the power in SND at frequencies less than 6 Hz was increased by raphe or PB/KF lesions. Total power in SND was not significantly affected by raphe or PB/KF lesions, but mean arterial pressure was significantly reduced. Field potentials recorded from the RVLM (11 of 26 sites) and raphe (10 of 20 sites) were correlated to the 10-Hz rhythm in SND, further supporting a role of these areas in either generating or relaying this rhythm to sympathetic nerves. In contrast, field potentials recorded from the PB/KF were not correlated to the 10-Hz rhythm in SND. Thus this region may provide a tonic drive to the 10-Hz generator located elsewhere in the brain stem.
Minimum average transmission power routing in CDMA ad hoc networks utilizing the blind multiuser detection

An ad hoc network is a self-organized and distributed entity, consisting of a number of mobile stations (MSs) without the coordination of any centralized access point. In this context, we discuss how to minimize the average transmission power in CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) ad hoc networks for real-time service and data service utilizing the multiuser detection technique. Jointly considering the multiuser interference, coding scheme, and different service requirements, the minimum average transmission power routing (MATPR) for both real-time service and data service have been proposed to minimize the average transmission power. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate the advantages of the proposed routing method in the sense of power saving.
Are Agency Advisory Opinions Worth Anything More than the Government Paper They're Printed On?

Are agency advisory opinions ("interpretative rules") "final agency action" and thus judicially reviewable? Although some commentators have labeled the concept of "final" agency action as "elusive and escap[ing] definition," and other commentators have framed this issue "under such murky rubrics as ripeness, prematurity, exhaustion, finality, and standing," this issue boils down to a straightforward question of statutory interpretation. Broken down into standard logical form, the categorical syllogism is as follows. Major premise: Final agency action for which there is no adequate remedy in a court is subject to judicial review. (5 U.S.C. Section 704) Minor premise: Agency advisory opinions are final agency actions for which there is no adequate remedy in a court. Conclusion: Therefore, agency advisory opinions are subject to judicial review. This article seeks to establish the truth of the minor premise. In other words, this article will show that agency advisory opinions are final agency action (for which there is no adequate remedy in court). If established, then the argument is valid and the conclusion (agency advisory opinions are subject to judicial review) must be accepted. Part I provides an overview of the "finality" doctrine, focusing on the text and legislative history of the APA as well as the seminal Supreme Court case on the issue of "finality," Abbott Laboratories v. Gardner. Part I also provides a brief introduction into agency advisory opinions, or "interpretative rules." Part II summarizes the reasoning employed in two leading court decisions that reached opposite conclusions, one case affirming judicial review of interpretative rules (Ciba-Geigy), the other case denying judicial review (Air Brake Systems). Part III analyzes the two contrasting rationales employed in those two cases and concludes that judging interpretative opinions as "final" agency rules is not only the most logical interpretation but also the most practical.
Using Wearable Physiological Status Monitors for Analyzing the Physical Strain-Productivity Relationship for Construction Tasks

Anecdotal evidence suggests that physical strain may negatively affect workforce productivity and safety performance. Thus, an effective management of construction workforce physical strain could be very beneficial in improving construction productivity and safety. However, clear relationships between physical strain, safety, and productivity have yet to be established because of limitations in data collection procedures and technologies. This research has utilized recent innovations in sensing and communication technology to investigate the physical strain vs. productivity relationship. Data collected by physiological status monitors were analyzed through regression analysis that adopted heart rate as predictor of physical strain. Productivity and heart rate data of seven subjects performing a fourhour, simulated construction task were collected. The analysis showed that heart rate is a significant predictor with a strong parabolic relationship with productivity. Therefore, this research provided evidence of the physical strain vs. productivity relationship and, for the first time, proposed a mathematical formulation of such a relationship.
The MMPI: Regional difference or normal aging?

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is currently undergoing a process of revision and renormalization. Of particular concern is whether or not there is a need to develop separate normative tables for elderly subjects. Colligan, Osborne, Swenson, & Offord (1983) tested a large group of healthy subjects who ranged in age from 18 through 99. Their investigation uncovered numerous significant relationships between test taker age and scores on various scales of the MMPI. The present study looked at the MMPI profiles of 214 healthy men and women between the ages of 39 and 89. The results gleaned from this investigation do not reflect the same intensity of age-related changes that are reported by Colligan et al. (1983) and other similar studies. More specifically, we were unable to detect the age-related elevations in the "neurotic triad" (Hs, D, Hy scales) that have often been cited by other researchers. Additionally, we were not able to support the typically reported aging effects in scales Mf, Pa, Pt, and Si. We suggest that these and other similar differences may be attributed to geographic, societal, and population factors.
Theory of remote phonon scattering in top-gated single-layer graphene

We extend the theory of interfacial plasmon-phonon scattering to top-gated single-layer graphene. As with bottom-gated graphene, interfacial plasmon-phonon (IPP) modes are formed from the coupling between the graphene plasmon and the surface polar phonon modes in the top and bottom oxides. We study the effect of the top oxide thickness on dynamic screening and electron-IPP coupling. The remote phonon-limited electron mobility ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{RP}}$ and electron scattering rates in a HfO${}_{2}$-covered, SiO${}_{2}$-supported single-layer graphene are computed at various electron densities $n$ for different dielectric thickness ${t}_{\mathrm{ox}}$. We find that ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{RP}}$ is much more dependent on ${t}_{\mathrm{ox}}$ at low $n$. They also agree with the experimentally estimated room temperature ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{RP}}$ from Zou et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 126601 (2010)]. The electron density dependent ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{RP}}$ is predicted to be between 5500 and $24\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}200$ cm${}^{2}$V${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$s${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ from $n={10}^{12}$ to ${10}^{13}$ cm${}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ at 300 K.
Retrograde stenting of proximal lesions with carotid endarterectomy increases risk

Objective Concomitant carotid bifurcation and proximal ipsilateral arch branch disease is uncommon. A combined approach using carotid endarterectomy (CEA) with ipsilateral proximal endovascular (IPE) intervention (CEA+IPE) has been proposed as safe and durable, with similar results to isolated CEA. This study was conducted to identify diagnostic modalities and outcomes of this uncommon procedure at our institution. Methods Operative records were used to identify patients who underwent CEA+IPE between May 2003 and July 2014. Patients were excluded if they underwent open retrograde access for endovascular intervention only, without CEA. The primary end points were freedom from neurologic event and need for reintervention. Results Twenty-three patients (15 women [65%]) underwent CEA+IPE. Mean clinical follow-up was 44 ± 35 months. Average age was 69 ± 9 years. Most patients (22 [96%]) were taking a statin and at least one antiplatelet agent. Bilateral internal carotid stenosis (>50%) was present in 12 patients (52%), and eight (35%) were symptomatic. Seven patients (30%) had prior ipsilateral CEA. All patients underwent preoperative carotid duplex and axial imaging. Computed tomography angiography was the initial imaging assessment in 10 patients (43%). The proximal lesion was identified in 19 (83%) by blunted waveforms on carotid duplex. Most bifurcation operations were CEA with patch (20 [87%]), and 21 (91%) underwent the bifurcation procedure first, followed by IPE. All IPE included balloon-expandable stenting (22 of 23 [96%] bare-metal, 7 [30%] innominate artery, 16 [70%] left common carotid artery). Electroencephalographic changes occurred in two patients (9%). Shunting was used in three (13%). Three vessel dissections (13%) occurred at the IPE site; two required further stenting and one was complicated by stroke and death. There were two perioperative strokes (9%) and one death (4%). Mean imaging follow-up was 30.6. ± 27.2 months, with restenosis identified in five patients (23%; four bifurcation, one IPE in-stent). One patient required open reintervention with subclavian-carotid bypass at 13 months for recurrent transient ischemic attack. The 4-year actuarial survival was 85%. Stroke-free survival and freedom from reintervention were 80% and 90% at 36 months, respectively. Conclusions The stroke and death rate for CEA+IPE is higher than that of isolated CEA at our institution. Duplex findings can suggest proximal stenosis; however, confirmation with physical examination in conjunction with axial imaging are integral. This combined treatment strategy should be reserved for those with evident hemodynamically significant proximal stenosis and approached with caution in asymptomatic patients.
Etiology of Organ-Specific Autoimmunity: Basic Research and Clinical Implications in IBD

Autoimmunity develops in the setting of genetic susceptibility and can be monogenic (eg, autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I with Addison&#x2019;s disease, mucocutaneous candidiasis and hypoparathyroidism, which is autosomal recessive with the causative gene on the tip of chromosome 21) or polygenic (usually with important alleles within the major histocompatibility complex [eg, type I diabetes]). In addition to genetic susceptibility, many autoimmune disorders can be classified into etiological categories (oncogenic, drug-induced, diet-induced, infectious or idiopathic). For most autoimmune disorders there are multiple target autoantigens and, for type I diabetes, a combinatorial approach (eg, expression of at least two autoantibodies of insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase and/or ICA512/IA-2) is the best predictor of diabetes risk. Finally, antigen-specific therapies hold promise for the prevention and therapy of autoimmunity, eg, parenteral or oral therapy with insulin delays or prevents type I diabetes in animal models, and a small pilot trial of parenteral insulin in humans suggests that such therapy may similarly prevent diabetes in humans.
Genomics in equine veterinary medicine

Summary Veterinary medicine is marching forward with genomics grasped firmly in one fist. Genomics has been part of our veterinary tool bag for some time in various guises, but the breadth and depth of its ramifications can be daunting. This article is designed to provide toe-holds for veterinarians to enjoy a better understanding of genomics – a truly fascinating area of science.
Numerical Simulation of Separation Process of Inclined Free Water Separator

The inclined free water separator belongs to the gravitational oil-water separation equipment and enjoys much higher separation efficiency than the vertical and horizontal separators.In order to analyze the effect of separator's elevation angle on the separation,the Eulerian multiphase-flow model is combined with the standard turbulence model to conduct the numerical simulation for the flow field inside separator.The separation,aggregation and shift of the homogeneous oil and water flow at different angles are exposed,and studied how the volume concentration of oil and water changes with time.The simulation result shows that the separator shares the best separated efficiency when the elevation angle is 12° with the water volume content at oil outlet being 7.6%.
Analysis of epidemiological characteristics and prevalence of factors of hand,foot and mouth disease in Huangpu District,Guangzhou from 2009 to 2012

Objective Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics and epidemic factors of disease in huangpu District of Guangzhou City,hand foot mouth,provide scientific basis for effective prevention and control measures. Methods To Collect the national information system for disease surveillance and the public health emergency monitoring and early warning information system in guangzhou,guangzhou huangpu district in 2009～2012,foot and mouth diseases,descriptive epidemiological method was analyzed. Results Hand,foot and mouth disease in huangpu district guangzhou city from 2009 to 2012 reported cases 7389,the average annual incidence of 434.39/10,no deaths,the reported 2 cases of serious case of illness,severe rate was 0.03%;Incidence appeared bimodal characteristics,the main peak is from April to July,peak time for 9～10 month;The streets were onset in this district,huangpu street,the maximum number of reported cases in 1327 cases,the highest incidence of guangzhou east,as of 740.41/10; 4 years of reported cases is given priority to with children under the age of five,a total of 7021 cases,accounting for 95.02%,men's and women's gender incidence ratio of 1.15:1,the incidence is given priority to with scattered children and kindergarten children;Specimens of 251 cases of hand,foot and mouth disease detection,intestinal virus EV71 positive rate were 70.92%,CoxA16 25.90%,positive rate of 24.30%; Other intestinal virus positive rate 19.92%; Hand,foot and mouth disease outbreak of clustering in total report 199,mainly in the kindergarten, accounted for 88.44%. sampling 73 cases of epidemic,60 on intestinal virus positive,including EV71 were 32.88%,CoxA16 positive rate was 28.77%. Conclusions 2009～2012 Guangzhou Huangpu District,foot and mouth disease is in a high state,incidence obvious seasonal and population characteristics,nursery occurred aggregation of the epidemic the main place; CoxA16 and EV71 enteroviruses are caused by Huangpu District major pathogens of HFMD. The government should strengthen the leading,department cooperation,the HFMD epidemic monitoring and surveillance work at the same time,at the same time vigorously carry out publicity and education.
Synthesis and in vivo Evaluation of Fluorine-18 and Iodine-123 Pyrazolo[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine Derivatives as PET and SPECT Radiotracers for Mapping A2A Receptors.

Imaging agents that target adenosine type 2A (A2A ) receptors play an important role in evaluating new pharmaceuticals targeting these receptors, such as those currently being developed for the treatment of movement disorders like Parkinson's disease. They are also useful for monitoring progression and treatment efficacy by providing a noninvasive tool to map changes in A2A receptor density and function in neurodegenerative diseases. We previously described the successful evaluation of two A2A -specific radiotracers in both nonhuman primates and in subsequent human clinical trials: [(123) I]MNI-420 and [(18) F]MNI-444. Herein we describe the development of both of these radiotracers by selection from a series of A2A ligands, based on the pyrazolo[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine core of preladenant. Each of this series of 16 ligands was found to bind to recombinant human A2A receptor in the low nanomolar range, and of these 16, six were radiolabeled with either fluorine-18 or iodine-123 and evaluated in nonhuman primates. These initial in vivo results resulted in the identification of 7-(2-(4-(4-(2-[(18) F]fluoroethoxy)phenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-2-(furan-2-yl)-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-5-amine ([(18) F]MNI-444) and 7-(2-(4-(2-fluoro-4-[(123) I]iodophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-2-(furan-2-yl)-7H-imidazo[1,2-c]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-5-amine ([(123) I]MNI-420) as PET and SPECT radiopharmaceuticals for mapping A2A receptors in brain.
Effects of local land-use planning on development and disturbance in riparian areas

Land-use change can significantly affect the provision of ecosystem services. On a local scale, zoning laws and other land-use regulations are commonly used to influence land-use change, but their effectiveness is often unclear. We evaluate the effectiveness of local land-use planning in concentrating development and minimizing impacts in riparian areas. We use spatially-explicit land cover data from the USGS Land Cover Trends project to measure development and disturbance rates before and after implementation of Oregon’s land-use planning system. We apply a difference-in-difference estimator to address the problem of non-random assignment of regulations on the landscape. We find that land-use laws in Oregon have concentrated development inside of UGBs and lowered development rates in riparian areas. However, disturbance in riparian areas has increased inside of UGBs. Overall, our findings suggest that local land-use planning can be an effective tool for promoting the provision of non-market ecosystem services.
The Mathematics of Baccarat Edge Sorting

Abstract Edge sorting is a form of advantage play that involves a pre-deal sorting of cards based on imperfections or markings on the backs of playing cards. When successfully executed, the edge sorting advantage play in baccarat allows player to know, prior to making bets, whether each of the first four cards to be played will be “big” or “small” cards. With this knowledge, the player can then make the appropriate bet that will maximize expected return and in so doing enjoy a significant advantage. The definition of big and small cards can vary; the particular big-small classification scheme employed will determine the exact advantage obtained. The purpose of this paper is to identify the player’s optimal big-small classification and associated advantage for the following four situations: (1) big-small knowledge of the first four cards when using only the main bets—Player, Banker, and Tie; (2) big-small knowledge of the first four cards when Player and Banker Pair bets are also available; (3) big-small knowledge of the first card only when using only the main bets; and (4) big-small knowledge of the first card only when Player and Banker Pair bets are also available.
Tinnitus Treatment as a Problem Area

This chapter presents the decision problem area which will be supported with a recommender system technology, that is, tinnitus diagnosis and treatment. It will introduce the problem of tinnitus and next, the successful method of treatment applied by doctor P. Jastreboff. At the end of this chapter major results from the treatment will be showed, along with possible new challenges, which can be handled with the help of information technology.
Occurrence and Natural History of Clinically Silent Episodes of Atrial Fibrillation in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Overt symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF) occurs in over 20% of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) leading to impaired quality of life, loss of productivity, and the risk for embolic stroke. However, the overall burden presented by AF in the HC population is unresolved due to the unknown frequency of silent asymptomatic episodes that do not necessarily achieve clinical recognition but nevertheless may have important disease-related implications. Therefore, stored electrograms were analyzed retrospectively for AF in 75 consecutive patients with HC (without AF history) implanted with dual-chamber cardioverter-defibrillators. Patients were followed for 5.0 ± 4.1 years at the Tufts Medical Center HCM Institute; ages were 50 ± 15 years, and 55% were male. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator interrogation in the 75 patients showed AF to be absent in 54 (72%), 18 (24%) had clinically silent AF episodes, and the remaining 3 (4%) without previous asymptomatic episodes developed symptomatic and clinically overt paroxysmal AF. Of the 18 patients with clinically silent AF, 8 developed symptomatic AF, 4.1 ± 1.5 years later. Nonfatal embolic stroke occurred in 1 patient associated with asymptomatic AF and without other risk factors. In conclusion, clinically silent AF appears to be common in HC, occurring in almost 25% of patients. Such asymptomatic episodes of AF have important future implications, including potential thromboembolic risk, and development of symptomatic and clinically overt AF requiring prophylactic anticoagulation.
Introduction: Formal Matters

The becomings- and comings-to-be-other, together, and through intermedial theater, force-multiplied by its indeterminate structural propensities for affective emergences that exceed the artistic designs of the theatric-media processes themselves, stimulate cascades of feedback-loops givings-way to feedforward-flows goings-elsewhere wondrously achieving transversality over the rainbow of compossibility.
PRDM16 represses the type I interferon response in adipocytes to promote mitochondrial and thermogenic programing.

Abstract Brown adipose has the potential to counteract obesity, and thus, identifying signaling pathways that regulate the activity of this tissue is of great clinical interest. PRDM16 is a transcription factor that activates brown fat‐specific genes while repressing white fat and muscle‐specific genes in adipocytes. Whether PRDM16 also controls other gene programs to regulate adipocyte function was unclear. Here, we identify a novel role for PRDM16 in suppressing type I interferon (IFN)‐stimulated genes (ISGs), including Stat1 , in adipocytes in vitro and in vivo . Ectopic activation of type I IFN signaling in brown adipocytes induces mitochondrial dysfunction and reduces uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. Prdm16 ‐deficient adipose displays an exaggerated response to type I IFN, including higher STAT1 levels and reduced mitochondrial gene expression. Mechanistically, PRDM16 represses ISGs through binding to promoter regions of these genes and blocking the activating function of IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF1). Together, these data indicate that PRDM16 diminishes responsiveness to type I IFN in adipose cells to promote thermogenic and mitochondrial function.
Open Data and Human-Based Outsourcing Neighborhood Rating: A Case Study for San Francisco Bay Area Gentrification Rate

The past decade has experienced a staggering rise of data–aided analysis that facilitates understanding the impact of socio-economic flux and socially oriented activities towards the quality and livability of space. Evaluating urban environments is not only important from the planners’ perspective, but has larger implications for the residents themselves. In this chapter we argue that the livability of a city or a neighborhood is not necessarily described by conventional, authoritative data, such as income, crime, education level et cetera, but ephemeral data layers, related to human perception, can be more effective in capturing the dynamics of space. Implementing methods that are considered disassociated with urban analytics, we attempt to go beyond the conventions in understanding the dynamics that drive socio-economic phenomena and construct lived space. Our objective is to create methodologies of anticipating and evaluating urban environment by re-patterning different datasets and taking advantage of their combinatory potential.
Cardiotoxicity of ErbB2-targeted therapies and its impact on drug development, a spotlight on trastuzumab

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Trastuzumab, a therapeutic monoclonal antibody directed against ErbB2, is often noted as a successful example of targeted therapy. Trastuzumab improved outcomes for many patients with ErbB2-positive breast and gastric cancers, however, cardiac side effects [e.g., left ventricular dysfunction and congestive heart failure (CHF)] were reported in the early phase clinical studies. This finding, subsequently corroborated by multiple clinical studies, raised concerns that the observed cardiotoxicity induced by trastuzumab might adversely impact the clinical development of other therapeutics targeting ErbB family members.Areas covered: In this review we summarize both basic research and clinical findings regarding trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity and assess if there has been an impact of trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity on the development of other agents targeting ErbB family members.Expert opinion: There are a number of scientific gaps that are critically important to address for the c...
Hydrogel ocular sealant for clear corneal incisions in cataract surgery

Purpose To assess the relationship between use of a hydrogel ocular sealant (Resure) to secure clear corneal incisions (CCIs) in cataract surgery and surgeon efficiency, patient symptomatology, and postoperative results. Setting Duke University Eye Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA. Design Retrospective case series. Methods A 1:1 matched cohort of hydrogel sealant exposure–discordant eyes of cataract surgery patients was retrospectively generated. Consecutive patients who had bilateral cataract surgery during the study period and in whom the hydrogel sealant was used to secure the CCI in only 1 of the 2 eyes were included in the study. The relationship between use of the hydrogel sealant and surgical time, 1-day postoperative foreign-body sensation, clinically noted corneal edema, and intraocular pressure (IOP) was evaluated. Results Ninety eyes of 45 patients were included in the study. One day postoperatively, no wound leak was found in any eye; the sealant was noted to be out of place in 2 (4.4%) of 45 cases. No statistically significant difference was found between sealant and non-sealant eyes in total surgical time (P = .16) or in IOP (P = .55), corneal edema (P = 1.00), or foreign-body sensation (P = .38) 1 day postoperatively. Conclusion The hydrogel sealant was not observed to affect duration of surgery or 1-day postoperative IOP, corneal edema, or foreign-body sensation.
Planetary health: protecting human health on a rapidly changing planet

Summary The impact of human activities on our planet's natural systems has been intensifying rapidly in the past several decades, leading to disruption and transformation of most natural systems. These disruptions in the atmosphere, oceans, and across the terrestrial land surface are not only driving species to extinction, they pose serious threats to human health and wellbeing. Characterising and addressing these threats requires a paradigm shift. In a lecture delivered to the Academy of Medical Sciences on Nov 13, 2017, I describe the scale of human impacts on natural systems and the extensive associated health effects across nearly every dimension of human health. I highlight several overarching themes that emerge from planetary health and suggest advances in the way we train, reward, promote, and fund the generation of health scientists who will be tasked with breaking out of their disciplinary silos to address this urgent constellation of health threats. I propose that protecting the health of future generations requires taking better care of Earth's natural systems.
Ludwig Lachmann’s peculiar status within Austrian economics

Lachmann occupies a strange position within modern Austrian economics. He is viewed as something of an outsider and his views are often regarded as outside the mainline of modern Austrian thought. But, on several key issues – especially subjectivism and institutions – Lachmann’s positions are the dominant positions within the school. This article argues that, with little fanfare but in several important respects, Austrian economics has moved in a decidedly Lachmannian direction.
Is There a Cumulative Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Intimate Partner Violence in Emerging Adulthood

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been shown to cumulatively predict a range of poor physical and mental health outcomes across adulthood. The cumulative effect of ACEs on intimate partner violence (IPV) in emerging adulthood has not been previously explored. The current study examined the individual and cumulative associations between nine ACEs (emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect, witnessing domestic violence, living with a mentally ill, substance abusing, or incarcerated household member) and IPV in a diverse sample of college students (N = 284; Mage = 20.05 years old [SD = 2.5], 32% male, 37% Caucasian, 30% Asian, 33% other, and 27% Hispanic) from an urban, public college in the Northeast of the United States. Participants reported ACEs (measured by the Adverse Childhood Experiences Survey) and IPV perpetration and victimization (measured with the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale-2) of physical and psychological aggression in an online study that took place from 2015 to 2016. Bivariate and multivariate associations between ACEs, cumulative ACEs (assessed by the sum of adverse experiences), and IPV outcomes were assessed, while controlling for demographics and socioeconomic status. No cumulative associations were observed between ACEs and any of the IPV subscales in multivariate regressions, while witnessing domestic violence was significantly associated with perpetration and victimization of physical aggression and injury, and household member incarceration and physical abuse were associated with physical aggression perpetration. Adverse childhood events do not seem to associate cumulatively with IPV in emerging adulthood and the contributions of individual childhood experiences appear to be more relevant for IPV outcomes. Clinical and research implications are discussed.