cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LIBERAL ECONOMICS AND THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF SIN: CHRISTIAN AND STOIC VESTIGES IN ECONOMIC RATIONALITY

The recognition that ecological problems often extend beyond nation-state boundaries has prompted environmentalists, politicians, and academics to call for and generate problem-solving discourses meant to be global in perspective. Free-market rhetoric has emerged as one of the more prominent of the global discourses, even though the free market's commodification of human beings and nature causes many environmental problems. To discredit this economic rationality, many scholars have compared it to religion. These comparisons are intriguing, but they have lacked the critical analysis necessary to appear as anything more than name-calling. This paper clarifies the definition of religion and uses it to examine the origins of economic rationality's fundamental presupposition—that greedy self-interested competition generates more social benefits than altruistic cooperation—within eighteenth-century Natural Law vs. Ecclesiastical Law debates. Despite economic rationality's adoption of sophisticated empirical methods and mathematical rigor over the past two centuries, it is a religion because it retains vestiges of the Protestant Christian and Stoic beliefs of how social life is governed by supernatural intervention when it uncritically promotes policies based on that presupposition. Recognizing economic rationality is a religion may benefit those who are striving to develop systems of governance based on democratic principles by leading to a greater understanding of economic rationality's normative attraction.
Douglas W. Bray (1918–2006): Career and Personal “Life Themes”

This article highlights the professional life of Douglas W. Bray, one of the founders of the Society of Psychologists in Management. An abnormal and social psychologist by training, Bray was one of the chief architects of the managerial assessment center approach that he helped to pioneer in important longitudinal studies of managers at the AT&T corporation. This article traces life themes in Bray's professional life and briefly identifies some of the themes in his avocational interests and personal life.
The 2500–4000 cm−1 Raman and infrared spectra of low density amorphous solid water and of polycrystalline ice I

Abstract New measurements of the 2500–4000 cm −1 region of the vibrational spectra of amorphous solid water, H 2 O (as), and of polycrystalline ice I are reported. These data force the withdrawal of the interpretation of the Raman spectrum of H 2 O (as) put forward by Venkatesh et al. A new interpretation, based on similarities between the spectra of the amorphous and polycrystalline solids, is proposed.
Friends' influence on students' adjustment to school

(1999). Friends' influence on students' adjustment to school. Educational Psychologist: Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 15-28.
A selected-area CVD method for deposition of sensing films on monolithically integrated gas detectors

A novel method for deposition of thin transducing films on geometrically well-defined areas is reported. The films represent the front-end of monolithically integrated microelectronic gas detectors. These devices contain a 1 /spl mu/m thick dielectric window equipped with four-point probe electrodes and a boron-diffused silicon heater underneath the window. The central region of the window can be instantaneously switched from room temperature to several hundred /spl deg/C while maintaining excellent thermal uniformity within a 350/spl times/350 /spl mu/m area. Thermally activated CVD of Pt is realized on the heated region by raising the temperature of the central region into the regime of thermal decomposition of Pt precursors such as Pt(PF/sub 3/)/sub 4/. The growth of thin Pt films is monitored in situ by measuring film resistance, and film growth is terminated once desired film resistance values are reached by cutting off the heater current. This allows to optimize film properties for gas sensing applications. The deposited films are characterized ex situ by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to correlate film morphology with resistance. This method can be easily extended to deposition of other films of interest such as TiO/sub 2/.
Impact of an in-person versus web-based practice standardized patient examination on student performance on a subsequent high-stakes standardized patient examination.

Background: Optimal methods of preparing students for high-stakes standardized patient (SP) examinations are unknown. Purposes: The purpose is to compare the impact of two formats of a formative SP examination (Web-based vs. in-person) on scores on a subsequent high-stakes SP examination and to compare students' satisfaction with each formative examination format. Methods: Clustered randomized trial comparing a Web-based module versus in-person formative SP examination. We compared scores on a subsequent high-stakes SP examination and satisfaction. Results: Scores on the subsequent high-stakes SP examination did not differ between the two formative formats but were higher after the formative assessment than without (p < .001). Satisfaction was higher with the in-person than Web-based formative assessment format (4.00 vs. 3.62 on a 5-point scale, p = .01). Conclusions: Two formats of a formative SP examination led to equivalent improvement in scores on a subsequent high-stakes examination. Students preferr...
The fastest gradient waveforms for arbitrary and optimized k-space trajectories

A method for finding the fastest possible gradient waveforms for any given k-space trajectory is presented. It is an extension of our previously introduced solution. The original scheme provides an efficient and non-iterative method for designing the fastest freely rotatable gradient waveforms. Here, the hardware constraints are relaxed so that each axis is constrained independently. This produces the fastest possible non-rotatable waveforms that can be up to 10% faster than their previous counterparts. In addition, for circular trajectories we relax the path constraints. This results in new diamond-shaped trajectories, which are more optimized than circles for separable gradient sets, reducing the total travel time by up to an additional 11%. Analysis of performance for a variety of parameters including the sensitivity to field inhomogeneity compared to freely rotatable circle trajectories is presented.
Graphical Models for Integrated Intelligent Robot Architectures

The theoretically elegant yet broadly functional capability of graphical models shows intriguing potential to span in a uniform manner perception, cognition and action; and thus to ultimately yield simpler yet more powerful integrated architectures for intelligent robots and other comparable systems. This position paper explores this potential, with initial support from an effort underway to develop a graphical architecture that is based on factor graphs (with piecewise continuous functions). Robots require a close coupling of (multiple forms of) perception and action. Intelligent robots go beyond this to require a further coupling with cognition. From the perspective of robotics ‐ with its focus on behavior in the world ‐ the construction of intelligent robots generally emphasizes a tightly integrated perceptuomotor system that is then loosely connected to some limited form of cognitive system (such as a planner); as for example in (Bonasso et al. 1997). From the perspective of cognitive architectures ‐ with their focus on integrated embodiments of hypotheses concerning the fixed structure underlying intelligent behavior ‐ the construction of intelligent robots generally emphasizes a highly functional cognitive system that is then loosely connected to limited perceptual and motor modules; as for example in (Laird and Rosenbloom 1990). Neither perspective typically strives for a deep integration across the signal-to-symbol divide that separates the perceptuomotor and cognitive systems, nor even to do full justice to what is on the other side. Other approaches are possible though. One such is a form of graphical architecture that leverages the broadly functional yet theoretically elegant construct of graphical models (Koller and Friedman 2009) to support, among other things, a uniform approach to signal and symbol
The Attack on the Biblical Work of Lefevre D'Etaples 1514–1521*

The attack on the orthodoxy of Jacques Lefe d'Etaples, taken as a whole, may be divided into three stages. The first centered about his handling of the Vulgate; the second may be called the “controversy of the three's;” the third stage began when he was first charged with Lutheranism. The first two of these stages involved a number of widely separated individuals, whose varying degrees of repugnance have every appearance of being genuine and spontaneous reactions to Lefevre's innovations. The third stage lies beyond our boundaries, so we shall not undertake its consideration in this paper. We shall only say of it, by the way of comparing it with the first two, that the attack was then consolidated under the leadership of the Sorbonne, and its Syndic Beda; it became institutionalized or professionalized, and sprang from all sorts of motives, self-regarding and political as well as religious. Of course the Sorbonne as one of the pillars of the old order had a hand in it from the beginning, and in general each of what I have called “stages” gathered up into itself much of those that went before, and they are to be distinguished from each other by emphases rather than by clear-cut divisions, either logical or chronological.
Effect of Variations in Calcaneocuboid Fusion Technique on Kinematics of the Normal Hindfoot

Calcaneocuboid fusion with lengthening of the lateral column of the foot has been advocated as a method of treating flatfoot deformity. This study was designed to determine how the length of the lateral column chosen or the position of the foot selected when performing this fusion affect hindfoot kinematics in normal cadaver feet. An electromagnetic tracking system was used to monitor the positions of the talus, calcaneus, navicular, and cuboid while the intact cadaver feet were moved passively and then under reproducible loads. Calcaneocuboid fusion was then performed on these feet first with the feet in neutral position and the lateral column of normal length, then lengthened 10 mm or shortened 5 mm, and then with the lateral column lengthened 10 mm and the feet positioned in plantar flexion and eversion or dorsiflexion and inversion. Kinematic measurements were made at each stage using the same loads. Fusing the calcaneocuboid joint with lengthening or shortening the lateral column and the feet in neutral position did not affect hindfoot joint motion compared with intact. Changing the position of the foot for fusion, however, resulted in significant decreases in motion in the talocalcaneal and talonavicular joints. Tibiotalar joint motion was unaffected. This study, therefore, demonstrates that when fusing the calcaneocuboid joint, attention should be paid to maintaining a neutral position of the foot.
Linearly elastic annular and circular membranes under radial, transverse, and torsional loading. Part II: Vibrations about deformed equilibria

Equilibrium configurations of annular and circular membranes involving large displacements were determined in Part I of this study. Now small vibrations about such equilibrium states are analyzed for annular membranes. The membrane is linearly elastic, initially flat, and taut. Foppl-von Karman theory is used to obtain the linearized vibration equations. The problems considered include inward and outward radial stretching, transverse displacement at the inner edge, transverse pressure, a vertical distributed load with a vertically sliding outer membrane edge, torsion at the inner edge along with outward stretching, and in-plane vibrations for cases having a flat equilibrium shape. In many of the cases the transverse motion is coupled with radial and circumferential motions. A shooting method is used to obtain vibration frequencies and corresponding vibration modes with different numbers of nodal diameters and nodal circles. The effects of Poisson’s ratio, in-plane radial and circumferential inertias, the ratio of the radii of the inner and outer edges, and the loading magnitude on the vibration frequencies are investigated.
Uterine Papillary Serous Carcinoma Treated with Intraperitoneal Cisplatin and Intravenous Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide

Abstract This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of intraperitoneal cisplatin and intravenous doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide in patients with uterine papillary serous carcinoma. Sixteen patients with uterine papillary serous carcinoma underwent complete surgical staging and placement of an intraperitoneal port. Postoperatively, they received cisplatin (100 mg/m 2 ) given intraperitoneally and doxorubicin (50 mg/m 2 ) intravenously and cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m 2 ) intravenously every 4 weeks for 6 cycles. The intraperitoneal ports did not function in 3 patients immediately following surgery. The remaining 13 patients constitute the study group. The patients ranged in age from 37 to 77 years. There were 1 patient with Stage IA, 3 with Stage IB, 2 with Stage IIB, 2 with Stage IIIA, 2 with Stage IIIC, 1 with Stage IVA, and 2 with Stage IVB. At the end of surgery no gross residual disease remained except for 1 patient who had less than 1-cm nodules in the peritoneal cavity. Eleven of the patients underwent 6 cycles of chemotherapy, 1 patient underwent 3 cycles, and 1 patient underwent 1 cycle. A total of 71 cycles of chemotherapy were given. All patients developed alopecia. Two patients developed neutropenic fever; one was treated with antibiotics, the other patient died from urosepsis. One patient had a >15% decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction which led to a dose reduction of doxorubicin. One patient had a urinary tract infection and one patient developed a port infection which necessitated its removal. Seven patients have died, 1 is alive with disease, and 5 patients are alive with no evidence of disease. Five of the 7 patients with extrauterine disease have died of disease. One is alive with disease and the other is free of disease. The median survival of these patients was 34 months with an overall 3 years survival of only 24.1%. Although the protocol was reasonably well tolerated, the overall survival did not differ from that of a similar group of patients treated at our institution with intravenous chemotherapy. There was a high incidence of dysfunction of the intraperitoneal ports (25%). This approach with intraperitoneal cisplatin presents no therapeutic advantage for these patients.
Market Power Potential Examination for Electricity Markets Using Perturbation Analysis in Linear Programming OPF Context

Market power potential is a major concern in design, planning, operations and control of electricity markets. This paper uses a perturbation analysis in the linear programming (LP) OPF context to examine market power potentials of generation companies (GenCos) gained by small-scale output withholdings. Based on the definition for market power, we use a two-step scheme. With small-scale withholdings simulated by bid perturbations, the GenCos' profitability from bid perturbations is first examined, and then the effects on locational marginal prices (LMPs) of the identified profitable bid perturbations are investigated. With the LP OPF, LMPs and generators' dispatched output might be differentiable or discontinuous as bidding parameters perturb. For the differentiable case, profit and LMP sensitivities are calculated to analyze profitability and market power potentials. For the discontinuous cases, we explicitly calculate the jumps in LMPs or dispatches, and examine the incentive of GenCos to cause these jumps as well as the effects of these jumps on market outcomes. The proposed perturbation analysis provides valuable insights for both the GenCos and the independent system operator (ISO). For the GenCos, the profitability analysis provides guidance in how to perturb their bids and with which other GenCos they should merge or collude to reap more profit. For the ISO, the market power potential results are insightful in examining the vulnerability of the market in face of generation bidding manipulations and predicting GenCos' bidding behaviors.
An Empirical Study of Personal Response Technology for Improving Attendance and Learning in a Large Class

Student evaluations of a large General Psychology course indicate that students enjoy the class a great deal, yet attendance is low. An experiment was conducted to evaluate a personal response system as a solution. Attendance rose by 30% as compared to extra credit as an inducement, but was equivalent to offering pop quizzes. Performance on test items targeted by in-class questions rose by an average of 21% while control test questions rose by only 3%. The effect is seen in both factual and conceptual test items. Two theories that may explain the effect are discussed.
Stresses and strains in the left ventricular wall approximated as a thick conical shell using large deformation theory

In this paper, stress and strain equations are developed for the left ventricle mainly to find the influence of the ventricle’s shape on wall stresses. Here, the ventricle is assumed to be a thick-walled truncated conical shell and large elastic deformation theory is applied. Our model is compared to corresponding results approximating the left ventricle as a spherical shell. Clinically relevant parameters such as the myocardial stiffness constant, the stretch ratios and the stresses and strains have been computed using available canine data. The conical model leads to more realistic results than the spherical model and enables one to evaluate stresses and strains from base to apex instead of only at the equatorial region as in a cylindrical model.
THE REMOVAL OF CARTILAGE MATRIX BY PAPAIN FACTORS AFFECTING THE DISTRIBUTION OF CRYSTALLINE PAPAIN IN VIVO

In rabbits, the depletion of cartilage matrix which occurs following intravenous administration of papain treated with iodacetamide is attributable to a portion of the enzyme in the disulfide form which has not undergone alkylation. It is this portion that is reactivated in cartilage in vivo and initiates the enzymatic breakdown of the protein-polysaccharide complex which forms a major component of the matrix. Evidence presented in support of these conclusions indicates that, contrary to an earlier hypothesis, papain acetamide is not reactivated in vivo . Following intravenous injection in amounts up to 4 mg./kg., active and inactive papain leaves the circulation at a rate proportional to the concentration, and it is likely that the initial rate of disappearance represents equilibration with the extracellular space. Following injection in the active or inactive form, a high proportion of papain in serum is bound to protein in the alpha globulin fraction. It is believed that in the case of fully active papain, the proportion which is not bound to alpha globulin becomes attached to other proteins of serum in extracellular fluid, such as albumin, by a process of enzyme substrate combination, and is thus prevented from diffusing into cartilage. In the case of inactive papain, a comparable excess remains free to enter cartilage, where it initiates depletion of matrix following reactivation within the tissue. These conclusions provide an explanation for the failure of fully active papain to cause depletion of cartilage matrix in vivo ; the widespread changes seen after the injection of papain inactivated by iodoacetamide or by simple reversible oxidation are attributable to a small proportion of the injected material which enters cartilage in the disulfide form in a concentration of approximately 2 micrograms/gm. wet weight. The possibility that such a small amount of protease, when reactivated, can produce changes in cartilage matrix has been confirmed by studies on the effects of papain on isolated cartilage and chondromucoprotein in vitro . It has been shown that severe local injury results when active papain is injected into the skin of a rabbit in low concentrations. Since a much higher concentration of papain can be attained in the circulation without obvious adverse effects, it is evident that binding of the protease by alpha globulin and possibly other serum proteins may exemplify a mechanism whereby the tissues are protected from injury following entry into the circulation of other potentially harmful agents, such as proteolytic enzymes derived from cells or bacteria.
Molecular and Antigenic Characterization of Bordetella Bronchiseptica Isolated from a Wild Southern Sea Otter (Enhydra Lutris Nereis) with Severe Suppurative Bronchopneumonia

Bordetella bronchiseptica was isolated in pure culture from the lung, abdomen, and intestine of a wild free-ranging southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) with severe, suppurative bronchopneumonia. Immunohistochemistry, using antiserum raised to B. bronchiseptica, revealed strong positive staining of bacteria attached to bronchial ciliated epithelia as well as scattered positive staining in affected alveoli. Western blot analysis demonstrated that virulence factors, filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin, and adenylate cyclase toxin are produced by the sea otter B. bronchiseptica isolate. Ribotype analysis using Pvu II restriction digests indicated that this isolate is most similar to strains commonly obtained in domestic dogs and cats.
Induction of tumor cell death by anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb): Requirement of antibody Fc and a long residence time (slow koff)

13507 Background: Anti-GD2 MoAbs have shown clinical activities against neuroblastoma (NB) and other neuroectodermal tumors. Besides complement mediated (CMC) and antibody-dependent cell mediated c...
Formative Research to Identify Perceptions of E-Cigarettes in College Students: Implications for Future Health Communication Campaigns.

ABSTRACTObjective: This formative study examined perceptions of e-cigarettes in college students with the goal of informing future health communication campaigns. Differences between e-cigarette users and nonusers were also examined. Participants: Thirty undergraduate students were recruited from a large southwestern public university (15 users, 15 nonusers). Methods: Structured interviews were conducted and transcripts were coded for themes. Results: Although users had more favorable attitudes toward e-cigarettes, both users and nonusers believed that e-cigarettes produce water vapor and reported that e-cigarettes were less harmful than conventional cigarettes. Potential health consequences and addiction concerns were the most common perceived threats for both users and nonusers. Both nonusers and users cited social stigma as a perceived disadvantage of e-cigarette use. Conclusions: Ultimately, themes with particular relevance to future health communication campaigns included negative perceptions of e-ci...
Exposure to Power-Frequency Magnetic Fields and the Risk of Infertility and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Update on the Human Evidence and Recommendations for Future Study Designs

Infertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes are significant public health concerns with global prevalence. Over the past 35 years, research has addressed whether exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields is one of the etiologic factors attributed to these conditions. However, no apparent authoritative reviews on this topic have been published in the peer-reviewed literature for nearly 15 years. This review provides an overview and critical analysis of human studies that were published in the peer-reviewed literature between 2002 and July 2015. Using PubMed, 13 epidemiology studies published during this time frame that concern exposure to magnetic fields and adverse prenatal (e.g., miscarriage), neonatal (e.g., preterm birth or birth defects), and male fertility (e.g., poor semen quality) outcomes were identified. Some of these studies reported associations whereas others did not, and study design limitations may explain these inconsistencies. Future investigations need to be designed with these limitations in mind to address existing research gaps. In particular, the following issues are discussed: (1) importance of selecting the appropriate study population, (2) need for addressing confounding due to unmeasured physical activity, (3) importance of minimizing information bias from exposure measurement error, (4) consideration of alternative magnetic field exposure metrics, and (5) implications and applications of personal exposure data that are correlated within female-male couples. Further epidemiologic research is needed, given the near ubiquitous exposures to power-frequency magnetic fields in the general population.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation by Chest Compression Alone or with Mouth-to-Mouth Ventilation

Background Despite extensive training of citizens of Seattle in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), bystanders do not perform CPR in almost half of witnessed cardiac arrests. Instructions in chest compression plus mouth-to-mouth ventilation given by dispatchers over the telephone can require 2.4 minutes. In experimental studies, chest compression alone is associated with survival rates similar to those with chest compression plus mouth-to-mouth ventilation. We conducted a randomized study to compare CPR by chest compression alone with CPR by chest compression plus mouth-to-mouth ventilation. Methods The setting of the trial was an urban, fire-department–based, emergency-medical-care system with central dispatching. In a randomized manner, telephone dispatchers gave bystanders at the scene of apparent cardiac arrest instructions in either chest compression alone or chest compression plus mouth-to-mouth ventilation. The primary end point was survival to hospital discharge. Results Data were analyzed for 24...
Relative effects of phenothiazines and phenobarbital on verbal conditioning of schizophrenics.

83 hospitalized schizophrenics were given verbal conditioning trials after 8 wk. of treatment with fluphenazine, triflupromazine, or phenobarbital. Within each drug group, Ss were assigned to an experimental or control group. Only the phenobarbital group showed a significant conditioning effect.
Ford’s New 3.5 l V6 Gasoline Engine

Ford banded a new motor technology as “EcoBoost”. It applies direct fuel injection and turbocharging to gasoline engines and provides a major improvement in fuel economy via engine downsizing, combined with improved performance. The first Ford engine with this technology is the 3.5 l V6 EcoBoost in the 2010 Lincoln MKS luxury sedan. Combustion, fuel, boost, and power conversion systems are discussed in detail with emphasis on the efficiency and value of these systems. Engine level fuel economy and performance are discussed, and compared to conventional gasoline engines.
Importance of Electron-Hole Scattering for Hot Carrier Relaxation in Low Dimensional Quatum Stuctures

Carrier thermalization in low dimensional structures such as quantum wires and quantum dots highlights the influence of the density of states (DOS) on the carrier-phonon and carrier-carrier scattering rates. In particular, the electron-phonon interaction in structures with singularities in unrenormalized electronic spectra is weakened since, one energy and momentum conservation requirements are satisfied, a final state may not necessarily be readily available for the scattering electron. The broadening of the electron DOS due to the electron-phonon coupling and prominence of unusual energy loss channels can be thought of as consequences of this phenomenon, not present in higher dimensional semiconductor systems.
Crossroads of Literature: Sartre versus the New Novelists

The following article aims to present the debate around the question "Que peut la litterature?" between the partisans of commited litterature like Sartre, on the one side, and some defenders of Nouevau Roman like Ricardou, on the other. Some of the major arguments of the debate will be outlined in order to show that it essentially ends up being a conversation between Ricardou and Sartre, with the intent to sort out what issues are really at stake. Also the question will be elucaded why Sartre felt the need to return to some of his earliest arguments when he had evolved on so many points.
Epidemiological analysis of hand-foot-mouth disease in Laibin City from 2009 to 2012

Objective Depending on the epidemiologic feature of Hand-foot- mouth disease(HFMD)in Laibin. Methods The data of HFMD monitored in Laibin City from 2009 to 2012 were collected and analyzed. Results Totally 26 606 HFMD patients were reported in Laibin,and 63.25% of them were infected with EV71 and 20.03% of them were infected with CoxA16 by laboratory diagnosis,95.20% of patients were below 5 years old. The incidence peak was from April to May.There were 196 severe cases and 24 of them died. Most of the severe cases and death cases were rural children. The incidence rates of HFMD were 82.64/100000,257.54/100000,346.28 /100000,538.62 /100000 respectively in the past four years. The male to female ratio was 1.5:1. Conclusions The infection of HFMD showed an increasing trend in Laibin. Effective prevention and control measures be adopted to reduced the infection rate and mortality rate of HFMD cases.
Study on the New Bound States in the GaP_(1-x)N_x Alloys

GaP_(1-x)N_x alloy is a remarkable and promising semiconductor for its giant band-gap bowing effect and its potential application in optoelectronic devices. In this article, we carried out a series of studies on the optical properties of GaP_(1-x)N_x alloys, especially focusing on the samples with composition x=0.24%, 0.6%, 0.81%, using temperature-dependent photoluminescence(PL) speetra and transient photoluminescense spectra. At 17 K PL spectra, the GaP_(1-x)N_x alloys exhibit an obvious tendency of band-gap reduction with increasing composi- tion x. When composition x0.24%, the NN_1 zero-phonon line and its replicas in GaP_(1-x)N_x alloys are well re- solved, displaying similar characteristic to dilute nitrogen doped GaP; while 0.24%x0.81%, the PL peak energy red-shift effect continues and the emission intensity of the NN_1 replica region is enhanced relative to the cor- responding zero-phonon line due to the carriers transferring effect with increasins composition x. In addition, the PL linewidth broadens and the fine structure is gradually illegible. At higher compositions, the PL spectra shift to lower energy and become wide band emission with long emission tail. The fit to the spectra profiles confirm that several new bound states exist below the energy of NN_1 zero-phonon line even when the composition is as low as 0.24%, where the phonon replicas are apparently legible, but the energy of the new bound states might superimpose with the NN_1 phonon replicas. At higher composition (x=0.43%, 0.6%), the new bound states and the carriers transfer- ring effect are more obvious. While at x=0.81%, it is hard to distinguish the energy position of each bound state, indicating a trend from doping bound states to impurity band. Such trend suggests a lower critical point from bound states to impurity band vompared with references. The activation energy of the new bound states decreases with in- cleasing composition x from 0.24% to 0.6%, but still keeps at a level of the hole binding energy. That suggests the new bound states still have the properties of N-related bound excitons. On the other hand, the double-exponen- tial decay lifetime of the new bound states reveals the different emission mechanism from that of the NN pairs bound excitons. The conclusion is drawn that the new bound states might be the N-related bound states(for instance, the NNN triplets) below the NN_1 bound exciton, or have certain interaction with the NN pairs bound excitons.
[High dosage tranylcypromine treatment of "therapy refractory" depressions]

Refractory depression is a significant problem in hospital medicine especially under in-patient treatment conditions. On the basis of a case report, the importance of treatment with high-dose tranylcypromine as a useful therapeutic strategy in refractory depression is discussed.
Copper content of foods. Factors affecting reported values.

The distribution and variation of copper in our foods is illustrated in the table presented here. It may be useful in determining the adequacy of copper in daily diets and in planning copper-restricted diets.
Analysis of Unfolding of Apolipoprotein E Offers Insights into Lipid Binding Mechanism

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a cholesterol transport protein that plays a critical role in lipid homeostasis. It is composed of a series of amphipathic α-helices: H1-H4 in the N-terminal (NT), and C1-C3 in the C-terminal (CT) domain. In humans, those bearing the APOE e4 allele are at a higher risk for developing heart disease and Alzheimer's disease than those with APOE e3 allele. The goal is to understand isoform specific differences in behavior between apoE3 and apoE4. The objectives are to compare their unfolding behavior at the sub-domain level, and, to determine the order of helix unfolding. Recombinant apoE bearing single Cys at defined locations were generated for labeling with fluorophores. Chemical-induced unfolding was monitored by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. Fluorescence polarization measurements were carried out to determine changes in probe mobility. With apoE3 NT domain, helices H3 and H4 unfold with a significantly lower mid point of denaturation compared to H1 and H2, whereas with the CT domain, helix C3 offers the least resistance to unfolding compared to C1 and C2. Studies with the intact protein suggest a bi-phasic unfolding for apoE3, where the two domains unfold independently, and a cooperative unfolding for apoE4 possibly due to interaction between helices in the NT and CT domains. Taken together, our studies suggest the order of unfolding of helices: C3-C1/C2-H3/H4-H1/H2. We propose that apoE3 follows a similar order of lipid binding, based on the rationale that the ease of unfolding is reflective of the ease of lipid binding, with less structured segments seeking stability by lipid interaction. Our data are significant because understanding isoform-specific differences at the molecular level allows us to obtain insights into the physiological behavior of apoE in lipid metabolism.
Estimating the health impacts of food safety interventions: Optimal counterfactual selections via information criteria in small samples

Abstract This paper provides a case study to show how researchers can apply an innovative counterfactual approach for food safety policy evaluations, particularly in small samples. As an extension to prior studies, I utilize comprehensive variable selection algorithms and generate the optimal combination of counterfactuals. To illustrate the method, I measured public health impacts of a historical food safety intervention. Significant health benefit was found associated with implementation of large-scale milk safety regulation in Chicago.
Fiber Reinforced Polymer Strengthening of Structures by Near-Surface Mounting Method

This paper provides a critical review of recent studies on strengthening of reinforced concrete and unreinforced masonry (URM) structures by fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) through near-surface mounting (NSM) method. The use of NSM-FRP has been on the rise, mainly due to composite materials’ high strength and stiffness, non-corrosive nature and ease of installation. Experimental investigations presented in this review have confirmed the benefits associated with NSM-FRP for flexural and shear strengthening of RC and URM structures. The use of prestressing and anchorage systems to further improve NSM-FRP strain utilization and changes in failure modes has also been presented. Bond behavior of NSM-FRP-concrete or masonry interface, which is a key factor in increasing the load capacity of RC and URM structures has been briefly explored. Presented studies related to the effect of temperature on the bond performance of NSM-FRP strengthened systems with various insulations and adhesive types, show better performance than externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) FRP retrofitting. In summary, the presented literature review provides an insight into the ongoing research on the use of NSM-FRP for strengthening of structural members and the trends for future research in this area.
Remembering Weibo in China’s Social Transition

This chapter analyzes emerging trends that led Weibo to a new phase, one of them being state control of social media platforms intensifying and gaining in sophistication, another being the rise of competing platforms. It is now much easier for the authorities to directly participate in discussions and shut down undesirable opinions on Weibo, while competition from other platforms has siphoned off a significant portion of Weibo’s user base. As Weibo’s major competitor WeChat is gaining popularity among Chinese users across age groups and social statuses, Weibo is facing a seemingly decline in popularity and vitality. Under such circumstances, large numbers of posts defended Weibo, and at the same time it started to celebrate its financial success and seek a transition of the platform itself, rejecting the idea of a decline in its public influence. Weibo itself is becoming a part of the collective memory of an era of “surrounding and watching” (Weiguan) at the occurrence of public events, which has produced a unique mode of empowerment and accountability in transitional societies and contentious politics in the global context. Weibo should be understood as a product and witness of a phase of Chinese social transition and Internet culture.
Lattice vibration modes in type-II superlattice InAs/GaSb with no-common-atom interface and overlapping vibration spectra

Heterostructures like $\mathrm{InAs}\text{/}\mathrm{GaSb}$ superlattices (SLs) are distinctly different from well-studied ones like $\mathrm{GaAs}\text{/}\mathrm{AlAs}$ SLs in terms of band alignment, common interface atom, and phonon spectrum overlapping of the constituents, which manifests as stark differences in their electronic and vibrational properties. This paper reports a comprehensive examination of all four types of phonon modes (confined, quasiconfined, extended, and interface) that have long been predicted for the $\mathrm{InAs}\text{/}\mathrm{GaSb}$ SL, with the observation and interpretation of a set of phonon modes by performing cleaved edge $\ensuremath{\mu}$-Raman study with polarization analysis. Furthermore, we show a signature of symmetry reduction from ${\mathrm{D}}_{2\mathrm{d}}$ for $\mathrm{GaAs}\text{/}\mathrm{AlAs}$ SL to ${\mathrm{C}}_{2\mathrm{v}}$ for InAs/GaSb SL revealed as a phonon-polariton effect.
Positive vitreous pressure: Pathophysiology, complications, prevention, and management

Positive vitreous pressure occurs during anterior segment intraocular surgery associated with acute hypotony and is characterized by forward displacement of the lens-iris diaphragm with shallowing of the anterior chamber resistant to reformation, repeated iris prolapse, and, in severe cases, zonular rupture and vitreous or lens prolapse that can lead to a cascade of intraoperative complications. Positive vitreous pressure is particularly common during penetrating keratoplasty, conventional nuclear expression cataract extraction, and repair of anterior open-globe injury. Hypotony resulting from aqueous loss leads to elevated vitreous pressure from 3 possible causes: external scleral compression, acute intraocular intumescence, or rarely acutely increased vitreous volume. Understanding the pathophysiology of positive vitreous pressure helps in its prevention and management.
The Utility of Inconsistency in Information Security and Digital Forensics

Inconsistency in knowledge, information and data is ubiquitous. Inconsistency can be used as a very effective tool in accomplishing the objectives in information security and digital forensics. In this paper, our focus is on the utilities of inconsistency in those areas: access control lists in firewalls, intrusion detection systems, operating system access control mechanisms, deception based defense, and digital image forensics. We describe an algorithm for detecting several types of firewall rule inconsistency. Compared with related work, our approach has several salient features. We also define a special type of inconsistency called setuid inconsistency and highlight various other types of inconsistencies in the aforementioned areas. The take-home message is that inconsistency is a very important phenomenon and its utilities can never be underestimated in information security and digital forensics.
Abstract 4427: Apoptosis, autophagy and ATP: The dynamic interaction of cellular ATP and drug resistance in MET amplified gastric cancer

Background: MET amplification occurs in 20% of gastric tumors, MET protein overexpression is present in approximately 50% of advanced gastric cancers and activating MET mutations are exceedingly rare in gastric cancer. Several ongoing trials have reported responses in gastric and esophageal patients with MET amplification .Methods: To investigate the effects, of MET inhibition on proliferation and cell death in gastric cancer I used two complementary approaches 1) siRNA mediated knockdown of MET; 2) incubation with crizotinib, a clinically approved small molecule inhibitor of MET. Both resulted in decreased proliferation and increased cell death only in the MET amplified gastric cancer cell lines. Results: The effects on growth arrest were stronger than the effects on cell death. To look for possible resistance mechanisms we performed whole genome mRNA expression profiling. Molecular changes related to autophagy were among the top alterations observed. Consistent with these findings, autophagy levels increased in a concentration dependent manner when exposed to crizotinib. In order to investigate the role of autophagy on cell death, I inhibited autophagy using two approaches 1) siRNA mediated knockdown of ATG5 and ATG7; 2) exposure to chloroquine, a clinically approved agent that inhibits autophagy by raising lysosomal pH. I then measured apoptosis levels with the autophagy inhibitor alone or in combination with MET knockdown or crizotinib. Autophagy inhibition caused a dramatic decrease in apoptosis in one of the MET amplified cell lines (MKN45) but not in the other (SNU-5). Because autophagy provides energy for cells, we explored the effects of MET or autophagy inhibition on cellular ATP levels using the Cell Titer-glo assay. The MKN45 cells had the lowest basal levels of ATP and these levels were further diminished in combination with autophagy inhibition. Conclusions: Overall, our data reveal a novel relationship between low ATP levels and resistance to MET inhibitor-induced cell death. Clinically this is significant because it may discourage the use of combination therapies with autophagy inhibitors in gastric cancer patients whose tumors contain MET amplification. Citation Format: Rebecca Dunbar Schroeder, David Hong, David J. McConkey. Apoptosis, autophagy and ATP: The dynamic interaction of cellular ATP and drug resistance in MET amplified gastric cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4427. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4427
Phenotypic correlation of tumor uptake of exogenous glutamine radiotracer versus tumor mutational status.

11014 Background: Fluoroglutamine (FGln) is a positron emission tomography (PET) clinical tumor imaging radiotracer now in a first in human trial. Glutamine metabolism in several cancer models has been linked both to aggressive tumor phenotype and specific oncogenic mutations. Methods: Adults with advanced solid tumors or lymphoma with adequate end organ function are eligible for this phase 1 trial. Microdose radiotracer is given by IV bolus, followed by serial PET scans over a 3-hour period. The primary endpoint is safety, pharmacokinetics, metabolism and bio-distribution of FGln, to be reported separately. Secondary endpoint analysis compares tumor uptake of exogenous glutamine tracer versus tissue-derived tumor biomarkers. Results: 20 pts: median age 75 (range 21-75); male 40%; primary tumor site: brain (6), pancreas (3), breast (3), kidney (2), stomach (2), lung (1), large bowel (1), lymph node (1), adrenal gland (1); histology: adenocarcinoma (11), neuroendocrine (2), lymphoma (1), astrocytoma/oligod...
Abstract TP389: Improving 30 Day Event Monitoring Compliance for Patients Transferred to Acute and Subacute Rehabilitation Facilities

Background and Issues: Current AHA guidelines recommend prolonged cardiac monitoring in patients with cryptogenic stroke. Studies show that the more hours a patient is monitored, the more likely it...
Competing Narratives of Climate Change

Communicating climate change presents unique problems from a public policy standpoint. Specifically, the public narrative about climate change can act to reinforce existing worldviews or, in the al...
Structured Protocol for Benign Biliary Anastomotic Strictures: Impact on Long-Term Clinical Effectiveness.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to compare long-term clinical effectiveness before and after implementation of a structured protocol for percutaneous drainage of benign anastomotic biliary strictures. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three hundred five adult patients undergoing percutaneous biliary drainage for biliary anastomotic strictures between 1994 and 2015 were identified using Current Procedural Terminology billing codes, with 234 undergoing intervention before implementation of a structured protocol and 71 undergoing intervention after implementation of the protocol. The frequency of surgical anastomotic revision was compared between patients treated before and after the implementation of the structured protocol. Patient characteristics and treatment variables were also analyzed with respect to the frequency of surgical revision. A Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to determine the long-term probabilities of avoiding surgical revision and patency rates. RESULTS. Overall, 72.8% of patients avoided...
What Environmental Factors Contribute to the Development of Anxiety in Temperamentally Inhibited Children? Insight From Animal Research Models:

Anxiety is one of the most prevalent and costly mental disorders. A temperament style known as behavioral inhibition has been strongly linked to the later development of anxiety disorders. Behavior...
A Structured Framework and Resources to Use to Get Your Medical Education Work Published.

Introduction Medical educators often have great ideas for medical education scholarship but have difficulty converting their educational abstract or project into a published manuscript. Methods Dur...
Solving discrete multi-objective optimization problems using modified augmented weighted Tchebychev scalarizations

Abstract In this paper we present the modified augmented weighted Tchebychev norm, which can be used to generate a complete efficient set of solutions to a discrete multi-objective optimization problem. We contribute a generating algorithm that will, without supervision, generate the entire non-dominated set for any number of objectives. To our knowledge, this is the first generating method for general discrete multi-objective problems that uses a variant of the Tchebychev norm. In a computational study, our algorithm’s running times are comparable to previously proposed algorithms.