cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long length scales of element transport during reaction texture development in orthoamphibole-cordierite gneiss: Thor-Odin dome, British Columbia, Canada

First-order factors controlling the textural and chemical evolution of metamorphic rocks are bulk composition and pressure–temperature–time (P–T–t) path. Although it is common to assume that major element bulk composition does not change during regional metamorphism, rocks with reaction textures such as corona structures record evidence for major changes in effective bulk composition (EBC) and therefore provide significant insight into the scale, pathways, and mechanisms of element transport during metamorphism. Quantifying changes in EBC is essential for petrologic applications such as calculation of phase diagrams (pseudosections). The progressive growth of complex corona structures on garnet and Al2SiO5 porphyroblasts in orthoamphibole-cordierite gneiss Thor-Odin dome (British Columbia, Canada) reduced the EBC volume of the rock during metamorphism and therefore had a dramatic effect on the evolution of the stable mineral assemblage. These rocks contain a chemical and textural record of metamorphic reactions and preserve 3D networks (reaction pathways) connecting corona structures. These coronal networks record long (>cm) length scales of localized element transport during metamorphism. P–T, T–X, and P–X pseudosections are used to investigate the control of effective bulk composition on phase assemblage evolution. Despite textural complexity and evidence for disequilibrium, mineral assemblages and compositions were successfully modeled and peak metamorphic conditions estimated at 750°C and 9 kbar. These results illustrate how textural and chemical changes during metamorphism can be evaluated using an integrated petrographic and pseudosection approach, highlight the importance of effective bulk composition choice for application of phase equilibria methods in metamorphic rocks, and show how corona structures can be used to understand the scale of compositional change and element transport during metamorphism.
Detection of sequestered calcium during mitosis in mammalian cell cultures and in mitotic apparatus isolated from sea urchin zygotes.

Abstract Chlorotetracycline, which fluoresces in the presence of divalent cations in membrane environments, has been employed to localize sequestered calcium in dividing cells and isolated mitotic apparatus. HeLa and CHO cells during division have cytoplasmic granules that fluoresce in the presence of Chlorotetracycline with spectral characteristics similar to those of calcium chelates. Mitotic apparatus isolated from dividing sea urchin zygotes fluoresce with punctate sources in the presence of Chlorotetracycline. The intensity of fluorescence is markedly reduced by membrane disruption with detergents and is unaffected by exogenous calcium chelators. It is concluded that membranes found in association with the mitotic apparatus, revealed by electron microscopy, can sequester cytoplasmic calcium ions. It is proposed that this sequestration, which would result in altered cytoplasmic calcium concentrations, may participate in the regulation of microtubule stability during division.
The probability of an event and estimates of posterior probability based upon its occurrence

The Ss estimated posterior probabilities for a series of problems which had varied a priori probabilities of the datum and likelihood ratios to determine if subjective estimates are influenced by the probability of the datum. No such influence was found in this study or in its subsequent replication, and these results are compared to another study which found an effect.
Narratives of Keepers and Changers: Women's Postdivorce Surname Decisions

This research explores the narratives women provide for their postdivorce surname decisions. Data are drawn from in-depth interviews with 29 divorced women. Respondents were categorized as keepers (women who kept their married names after divorce) and changers (women who changed their names after divorce). Keepers' narratives referenced a desire to minimize disruption, such as keeping the name for their children's sake or resisting the bureaucratic hassle of making the change. Changers' narratives included a motivation to establish their autonomy, such as a desire to reconnect with one's family of origin or use a name that reflected who they felt they were. The article concludes with a discussion of how name-change narratives can be viewed as accounts for the divorce itself, as well as how the two categories reflect a persistent tension between women defining themselves and being defined by others.
An empirical analysis of techniques for constructing and searching k-dimensional trees

fast computers with large memories have lessened the demand for program efficiency, but applications such as browsing and searching very large databases often have rate- limiting constraints and therefore benefit greatly from improvements in efficiency. This paper empirically evaluates several variants of a common k-dimensional tree technique to demonstrate how different algorithm options influence search cost for nearest neighbors.
The effects of shelf-life enhancers on E. coli K12 survival in needle-injected, surface contaminated beef strip steaks enhanced using recycled solutions

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of shelf-life enhancers (sodium lactate [SL] or sodium lactate+sodium diacetate [SLDA]) on limiting the growth of Escherichia coli K12 in needle-injecting surface-contaminated beef strip steaks with recycled enhancement solutions. Strip loins were injected to 10% over initial weight. SLDA was most effective in controlling bacterial growth followed by SL alone. The salt/phosphate combination in the enhancement solution was ineffective. SL decreased a(∗) (less red) and b(∗) values (less yellow) of the steaks compared to the salt/phosphate control. SLDA decreased L(∗) values compared to SL alone. SL and SLDA were equally effective in reducing purge loss from the steaks. Steaks enhanced with a "fresh" enhancement solution had higher a(∗) values (more red) and higher E. coli contamination levels than steaks enhanced with recycled solutions. Recycling did not affect L(∗) value, b(∗) value, or purge loss.
Does lispro improve blood glucose control and birth weight

Abstract Objective: We compared the impact of Lispro insulin on Hb A1C and birth weight (BW) with the impact of standard insulin. Study design: Patients with pregestational or gestational diabetes who needed insulin before 20 weeks in pregnancy were evaluated. Patients with iatrogenic preterm delivery were excluded. Demographic and clinical data were collected, including Hb A1Cfrom each trimester and BW percentiles (BW%). The Hb A1Clevels and BW% of Lispro (Group 1) and standard insulin (Group 2) were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. Results: Fifty patients were evaluated (Group 1 = 21, Group 2 = 29). There were no significant differences in demographics. Group 1 Group 2 P Hb A1C 1st trimester 8.04 ± 1.74 9.24 ± 2.14 NS Hb A1C 2nd trimester 7.28 ± 1.74 7.57 ± 1.44 NS Hb A1C 3rd trimester 6.95 ± 1.51 7.5 ± 1.27 NS GA (weeks) 36.7 ± 1.4 36.7 ± 1.6 NS BW >90% 1/21 (4.8%) 6/29 (20.7%) 0.051 C/S 13/21 (61.9%) 17/29 (58.6%) NS Conclusions: Lispro does not appear to improve blood glucose control as represented by Hb A1C levels. There is a trend toward less macrosomia with Lispro. Further study is needed to determine whether Lispro improves perinatal outcomes.
Editor in Chief's Message: Truly "hot" chips--Do we still care?

Despite the move away from very high-frequency, high-ILP cores to multiple, more modest cores ("multicore"), power is still a huge, unsolved problem for the microprocessor industry. The emphasis is no longer power-aware processor microarchitecture but power-aware systems architecture. The "system" extends from the multicore system-on-chip to the external memory, disks, indeed to the entire enterprise. The data center has arisen as a major target of power-related computer architecture research. The greater question is, in our attempts to make the world's information available to all in the blink of an eye, what is the environmental cost, and how can we as a research community address this problem?
Absolute proper motions to B approximately 22.5: Evidence for kimematical substructure in halo field stars

Radial velocities have been obtained for six of nine stars identified on the basis of similar distances and common, extreme transverse velocities in the proper motion survey of Majewski (1992) as a candidate halo moving group at the north Galactic pole. These radial velocities correspond to velocities perpendicular to the Galactic plane which span the range -48 +/- 21 to -128 +/- 9 km/sec (but a smaller range, -48 +/- 21 to -86 +/- 19 km/sec, when only our own measurements are considered), significantly different than the expected distribution, with mean 0 km/sec, for a random sample of either halo or thick disk stars. The probability of picking such a set of radial velocities at random is less than 1%. Thus the radial velocity data support the hypothesis that these stars constitute part of a halo moving group or star stream at a distance of approximately 4-5 kpc above the Galactic plane. If real, this moving group is evidence for halo phase space substructure which may be the fossil remains of a destroyed globular cluster, Galactic satellite, or Searle & Zinn (1978) 'fragment.'
A polynomial time algorithm for convex cost lot-sizing problems

This paper provides a polynomial-time algorithm for economic lot-sizing problems with convex costs in the production and inventory quantities. The resulting algorithm is based on a primal-dual approach that takes advantage of the problem's special structure. This approach improves upon existing results in the literature, which are either pseudo-polynomial or focus on special cases. We apply the approach to a production planning problem with price-dependent supply, leading to an improved bound on the algorithm's running time for a special case.
Screening promoters for Anthurium transformation using transient expression

There are multiple publications on Anthurium transformation, yet a commercial product has not been achieved. This may be due to use of non-optimum promoters here we address this problem. Different promoters and tissue types were evaluated for transient β-glucuronidase (GUS) expression in Anthurium andraeanum Hort. ‘Marian Seefurth’ following microprojectile bombardment. Plasmids containing the Ubiquitin 2, Actin 1, Cytochrome C1 from rice, Ubiquitin 1 from maize and 35S promoter from Cauliflower Mosaic Virus fused to a GUS reporter gene were bombarded into in vitro grown anthurium lamina, somatic embryos and roots. The number of GUS foci and the intensity of GUS expression were evaluated for each construct. Ubiquitin promoters from rice and maize resulted in the highest number of expressing cells in all tissues examined. Due to the slow growth of anthurium plants, development of transgenic anthurium plants takes years. This research has rapidly identified multiple promoters that express in various anthurium tissues facilitating the development of transformation vectors for the expression of desirable traits in anthurium plants.
The bidirectional relationship between body mass index and treatment outcome in adolescents with treatment-resistant depression.

Abstract Objective: Depression and obesity are associated, but the impact of obesity on depression treatment outcome, or, conversely, the impact of treatment on body mass index (BMI) in depressed adolescents has not been reported. In this article, we examine the bidirectional relationships between BMI and treatment response in adolescents with treatment-resistant depression. Method: Participants in the Treatment of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) Resistant Depression in Adolescents (TORDIA) study had height and weight assessed at baseline, weekly for the first 6 weeks, biweekly for the next 6 weeks, and monthly from weeks 12 through 24. The impact of baseline BMI as a predictor and moderator of treatment response was assessed. In addition, participants' changes in BMI were assessed as a function of specific treatment assignment and treatment response. Results: Participants assigned to SSRIs had a greater increase in BMI-for-age-sex z-score and weight than did those assigned to venlafaxine. P...
Design of a practical scanner unit for precision analysis of micrographs

Abstract A precision mechanical scanner has been constructed for the purpose of preparing digital transcriptions of micrographs for computer analysis, and of performing elementary analysis without resort to a computer. Design criteria include convenience of operation and precision sufficient to correctly record all of the real information in one micrographic field. Performance data are included. An analysis is given of the precision which may be expected in estimating area and volume percentage of a phase under various conditions. The attained precision is at least an order of magnitude greater than is normally obtained by manual methods.
Judging Thomas: The Politics of Assessing a Supreme Court Justice

AUTHOR'S NOTE: An earlier version of this article was presented at the 1994 annual meeting of the National Conference of Black Political Scientists. I am grateful to Michael Clemons, Bill Daniels, Stanford Gerber, Charles Kromkowski, Lawrence Morehouse, and Bill Morrow for helpful comments. The article is part of a larger work in progress, First Principles: The Jurisprudence of Clarence Thomas (New York University Press, forthcoming). The author would also like to thank the Earhart Foundation for financial support.
Biochemical and preliminary crystallographic characterization of the vitamin D sterol- and actin-binding by human vitamin D-binding protein

Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP), a multi-functional serum glycoprotein, has a triple-domain modular structure. Mutation of Trp145 (in Domain I) to Ser decreased 25-OH-D(3)-binding by 80%. Furthermore, recombinant Domain I (1-203) and Domain I + II (1-330) showed specific and strong binding for 25-OH-D(3), but Domain III (375-427) did not, suggesting that only Domains I and II might be required for vitamin D sterol-binding. Past studies have suggested that Domain III is independently capable of binding G-actin. We exploited this apparently independent ligand-binding property of DBP to purify DBP-actin complex from human serum and rabbit muscle actin by 25-OH-D(3) affinity chromatography. Competitive (3)H-25-OH-D(3) binding curves for native DBP and DBP-actin complex were almost identical, further suggesting that vitamin D sterol- and actin-binding activities by DBP might be largely independent of each other. Trypsin treatment of DBP produced a prominent 25 kDa band (Domain I, minus 5 amino acids in N-terminus), while actin was completely fragmented by such treatment. In contrast, tryptic digestion of purified DBP-actin complex showed two prominent bands, 52 (DBP, minus 5 amino acids in the N-terminus) and 34 kDa (actin, starting with amino acid position 69) indicating that DBP, particularly its Domains II and III were protected from trypsin cleavage upon actin-binding. Similarly, actin, except its N-terminus, was also protected from tryptic digestion when complexed with DBP. These results provided the basis for our studies to crystallize DBP-actin complex, which produced a 2.5 A crystal, primitive orthorhombic with unit cell dimensions a=80.2A, b=87.3A, and c=159.6A, P2(1)2(1)2(1) space group, V(m)=2.9. Soaking of crystals of actin-DBP in crystallization buffer containing various concentrations of 25-OH-D(3) resulted in cracking of the crystal, which was probably a reflection of a ligand-induced conformational change in the complex, disrupting crystal contacts. In conclusion, we have provided data to suggest that although binding of 25-OH-D(3) to DBP might result in discrete conformational changes in the holo-protein to influence actin-binding, these binding processes are largely independent of each other in solution.
In-Season Effect of Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum on Soil Physical Properties

There is renewed interest in the application of gypsum to agricultural lands, particularly of gypsum produced during flue gas desulfurization (FGD) at coal-burning power plants. We studied the effects of land application of FGD gypsum to corn ( L.) in watersheds draining to the Great Lakes. The FGD gypsum was surface applied at 11 sites at rates of 0, 1120, 2240, and 4480 kg ha after planting to 3-m by 7.6-m field plots. Approximately 12 wk after application, penetration resistance and hydraulic conductivity were measured in situ, and samples were collected for determination of bulk density and aggregate stability. No treatment effect was detected for penetration resistance or hydraulic conductivity. A positive treatment effect was seen for bulk density at only 2 of 10 sites tested. Aggregate stability reacted similarly across all sites and was decreased with the highest application of FGD gypsum, whereas the lower rates were not different from the control. Overall, there were few beneficial effects of the FGD gypsum to soil physical properties in the year of application.
Limit Cycles for Pad Bearings Under Fluid Excitation

Pad bearings for turbine rotors are known to exhibit unstable limit cycles due to steam flow excitation in the power generation stages. To simulate the rotor-bearing system, static and dynamic behavior of a tilting pad have been modeled by means of phenomenological laws expressed as nonlinear function of pivot distance and the time derivative. These functions have been obtained experimentally for some common pad geometries. The pad functions are further assembled to express the static and dynamic behavior of tilting pad bearings in functional form. Popular linear properties, such as spring and damping constants can be obtained also by differentiation. The functional description of individual pads offers: a) a great reduction in the variety of pad bearing geometries and properties which need to be tabulated, b) feasibility of inexpensive experimental determination of the essential data, and c) a convenient utilization in large numerical rotor dynamic analysis programs, as compared with the on-line numerica...
Teaching Science at the University Level: What About the Ethics?

Ethics in science is integrated into an interdisciplinary science course called “Science, Technology and Society” (STS). This paper focuses on the section of the course called “Societal Impact on Science and Technology”, which includes the topics Misconduct in Science, Scientific Freedom and Responsibility, and the Use of Human Subjects in Research. Students in the course become aware not only of the science itself, but also of the process of science, some aspects of the history of science, the social responsibilities of scientists, and the ethical issues in science. Teaching techniques include the instructor sharing experiences as a scientist with the students, sharing books and resources with students, utilizing current sources of information like the weekly “Science Times”, inviting guest speakers, and utilizing portfolios to assess student learning.
The Logic of Behavior: Curing in a Maya Indian Town

The degree of congruence between cultural understandings and cultural behavior is a significant consideration in the study of social change. Acceptance of new practices depends in part upon the integration of a given set of acts with understanding of the significance of those acts. In medical practices, diagnosis and cure provide a clearcut frame in which the link between behavior and cognition can be analyzed. Once the illness has been classified, a regimen of curing can be initiated. Since the modes of classifying diseases are so immediately related to programs for eliminating them, medicine and curing have provided a particularly interesting area for working out, in Anthony Wallace's terms, "a set of related rules [which] forms a calculus which describes cognitive process."
Chiroptical sensing of citronellal: systematic development of a stereodynamic probe using the concept of isostericity

A rationally designed stereodynamic ICD probe carrying two terminal amino functions for chemo- and enantioselective sensing of citronellal is introduced. The sensor shows strong Cotton effects upon diimine formation which can be used for accurate ee determination.
Pretrauma risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review of the literature

As it has become clear that most individuals exposed to trauma do not develop PTSD, it has become increasingly important to examine pretrauma risk factors. However, PTSD research has overwhelmingly relied on retrospective accounts of trauma, which is beleaguered by problems of recall bias. To further our understanding of PTSD's etiology, a systematic review of 54 prospective, longitudinal studies of PTSD published between 1991 and 2013 were examined. Inclusion criteria required that all individuals were assessed both before and after an index trauma. Results revealed six categories of pretrauma predictor variables: 1) cognitive abilities; 2) coping and response styles; 3) personality factors; 4) psychopathology; 5) psychophysiological factors; and 6) social ecological factors. The results indicated that many variables, previously considered outcomes of trauma, are pretrauma risk factors. The review considered these findings in the context of the extant retrospective PTSD literature in order to identify points of overlap and discrepancy. Pretrauma predictor categories were also used to conceptualize variable risk for PTSD. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
Effects of Zn(II), Cu(II), Mn(II), Fe(II), NO3−, or SO42− at pH 6.5 and 8.5 on transformations of hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) as evidenced by Mössbauer spectroscopy

Abstract The objective of the research is to determine the effects of transition metals on transformation of hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) into more thermodynamically stable ferric oxides. Ferric oxides are important environmental adsorbents. In anoxic environments, ferric oxides with Fe(II) are important redox buffers. Transformation of HFO to more stable phases can result in decreased surface area and reduced redox potential. In some experiments, HFO was precipitated in the presence of Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(II) and/or Fe(II). In other experiments, Fe(II), NO 3 − , and/or SO 4 2− were added to pre-formed HFO. Transmission 57 Fe-Mossbauer spectroscopy was used to monitor the phase changes. At pH 6.5 and 65 °C, HFO was transformed into hematite in the presence of Zn(II) or Mn(II). Both metals were significantly adsorbed for these conditions, occupying about 1.2 sorption sites nm −2 of HFO surface. Transformations were not observed at pH 6.5 in the presence of Cu(II), which was weakly adsorbed (0.06 sites nm −2 ). No transformation occurred in the absence of Me(II) transition metals. At pH 6.5 and room temperature, HFO plus Fe(II) transformed into poorly crystalline goethite in the presence of chloride, into goethite and lepidocrocite in the presence of sulfate, and into goethite and magnetite in the presence of nitrate. At pH 8.5 and room temperature, HFO that was formed with 0.033 or 0.33 mM Zn(II) and then aged with Fe(II) was transformed into magnetite that was depleted in octahedral Fe, i.e. non-stoichiometric or possibly mixed metal spinel, (Fe 3+ ) IV (Me x Fe 2+ 1− x Fe 3+ ) VI O 4 . HFO that was aged with Cu(II) and Fe(II) at pH 8.5 was transformed into goethite and into magnetite that was also depleted in octahedral Fe. The transformations at pH 8.5 were completely inhibited by 3.3 mM Zn(II) and transformations were significantly decreased by 3.3 mM Cu(II). These results have extended observations of the transformation of HFO to neutral pH ranges and to lower concentrations of metals than previously reported.
The Ca2+/H+ antiporter TMEM165 expression, localization in the developing, lactating and involuting mammary gland parallels the secretory pathway Ca2+ ATPase (SPCA1)

Plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase 2 (PMCA2) knockout mice showed that ~60% of calcium in milk is transported across the mammary cells apical membrane by PMCA2. The remaining milk calcium is thought to arrive via the secretory pathway through the actions of secretory pathway Ca(2+)-ATPase's 1 and/or 2 (SPCA1 and 2). However, another secretory pathway calcium transporter was recently described. The question becomes whether this Golgi Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporter (TMEM165) is expressed sufficiently in the Golgi of lactating mammary tissue to be a relevant contributor to secretory pathway mammary calcium transport. TMEM165 shows marked expression on day one of lactation when compared to timepoints prepartum. At peak lactation TMEM165 expression was 25 times greater than that of early pregnancy. Forced cessation of lactation resulted in a rapid ~50% decline in TMEM165 expression at 24h of involution and TMEM165 expression declined 95% at 96 h involution. It is clear that the timing, magnitude of TMEM165 expression and its Golgi location supports a role for this Golgi Ca2(+)/H(+) antiporter as a contributor to mammary Golgi calcium transport needs, in addition to the better-characterized roles of SPCA1&2.
Inside the Zoo: Alternative Media and the Practice of Engaged Ethnography

On a September evening in 2005, the Kalamazoo, Michigan City Commission's poverty subcommittee held a public hearing in a church in one of the city's poorer areas. The purported goal was uncovering what city government could do to help economically vulnerable citizens. One commissioner asked what the city commission could do to "help you achieve the American dream." As another commissioner put it, "We're here to listen. You are the experts in your own lives."
Effect of atorvastatin on endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with coronary artery disease.

response to sublingual nitroglycerin (0.4 mg) was assessed. In a double-blind fashion, patients were random- ized to take oral placebo or atorvastatin 80 mg the evening after the baseline ultrasound study and also the next evening. Forty-eight hours after the baseline study (approximately 36 hours after the first dose of atorvastatin), vascular function was reassessed. Care was taken to image the identical portion of the bra- chial artery by using the same probe position and anatomic landmarks. The 2 studies were performed at the same time of day, by the same sonographer, and using the same ultrasound system. Arterial diameter was measured using customized software. Ten sec- onds of consecutive images were analyzed at baseline and beginning 55 seconds after cuff release. The flow-velocity integral and arterial diameter were used to calculate the extent of reactive hyperemia. Fasting serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were de- termined using a Hitachi model 917 automated ana- lyzer (Hitachi Instruments, Indianapolis, Indiana). Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was calcu- lated using Friedewald's formula. Clinical characteristics of the atorvastatin and pla-
Diagnostic expert systems in US agricultural extension1

Acurate identification of plant pest problems requires expertise in the agronomic or horticulture aspects of crop production and a sophisticated level of knowledge of the many problems (diseases, insects, toxicities, and deficiencies) that may affect crops. Diagnostic expertise developed over many years is lost almost overnight through changes in career or program direction or retirement. Expert systems which simulate the behavior of diagnostic consultants in interaction with users, offer the chance to capture this expertise before it is lost. Each system is composed of a knowledge base and an expert system shell. The knowledge base contains the collective diagnostic expertise (often encoded in the form of IF-THEN rules) of interviewed specialists in plant pathology, entomology, and agronomy. The shell performs the reasoning and problem-solving tasks (including searching the knowledge base for applicable rules) while directing questions and issuing diagnostic reports to the user. There are currently a large number of expert systems being developed, evaluated, and placed into use in the USA. These include systems for diagnosing disease and insect problems of apple, cotton, muskmelon, peach, peanut, potato, red pine, soybean, tomato, and turfgrass. Weed identification systems are also in progress. It will be necessary, if not crucial, for extension professionals to be actively involved in the ongoing development, evaluation, and implementation of such systems.
The γ134.5 protein of herpes simplex virus 1 complexes with protein phosphatase 1α to dephosphorylate the α subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 and preclude the shutoff of protein synthesis by double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase

In human cells infected with herpes simplex virus 1 the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is activated but phosphorylation of the α subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF-2) and total shutoff of protein synthesis is observed only in cells infected with γ1z34.5− mutants. The carboxyl-terminal 64 aa of γ134.5 protein are homologous to the corresponding domain of MyD116, the murine growth arrest and DNA damage gene 34 (GADD34) protein and the two domains are functionally interchangeable in infected cells. This report shows that (i) the carboxyl terminus of MyD116 interacts with protein phosphatase 1α in yeast, and both MyD116 and γ134.5 interact with protein phosphatase 1α in vitro; (ii) protein synthesis in infected cells is strongly inhibited by okadaic acid, a phosphatase 1 inhibitor; and (iii) the α subunit in purified eIF-2 phosphorylated in vitro is specifically dephosphorylated by S10 fractions of wild-type infected cells at a rate 3000 times that of mock-infected cells, whereas the eIF-2α-P phosphatase activity of γ134.5− virus infected cells is lower than that of mock-infected cells. The eIF-2α-P phosphatase activities are sensitive to inhibitor 2. In contrast to eIF-2α-P phosphatase activity, extracts of mock-infected cells exhibit a 2-fold higher phosphatase activity on [32P]phosphorylase than extracts of infected cells. These results indicate that in infected cells, γ134.5 interacts with and redirects phosphatase to dephosphorylate eIF-2α to enable continued protein synthesis despite the presence of activated PKR. The GADD34 protein may have a similar function in eukaryotic cells. The proposed mechanism for maintenance of protein synthesis in the face of double-stranded RNA accumulation is different from that described for viruses examined to date.
Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals PADI4 Cooperates with Elk-1 to Activate c-Fos Expression in Breast Cancer Cells

Peptidylarginine deiminase IV (PADI4) catalyzes the conversion of positively charged arginine and methylarginine residues to neutrally charged citrulline, and this activity has been linked to the repression of a limited number of target genes. To broaden our knowledge of the regulatory potential of PADI4, we utilized chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with promoter tiling array (ChIP-chip) analysis to more comprehensively investigate the range of PADI4 target genes across the genome in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Results showed that PADI4 is enriched in gene promoter regions near transcription start sites (TSSs); and, surprisingly, this pattern of binding is primarily associated with actively transcribed genes. Computational analysis found potential binding sites for Elk-1, a member of the ETS oncogene family, to be highly enriched around PADI4 binding sites; and coimmunoprecipitation analysis then confirmed that Elk-1 physically associates with PADI4. To better understand how PADI4 may facilitate gene transactivation, we then show that PADI4 interacts with Elk-1 at the c-Fos promoter and that, following Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) stimulation, PADI4 catalytic activity facilitates Elk-1 phosphorylation, histone H4 acetylation, and c-Fos transcriptional activation. These results define a novel role for PADI4 as a transcription factor co-activator.
Ultraviolet photodissociation of chromophore-labeled oligosaccharides via reductive amination and hydrazide conjugation

The fragmentation patterns of hydrazide-conjugated and reductively aminated oligosaccharides, including lacto-N-fucopentaoses and lacto-N-difucohexaoses, produced on collisionally induced dissociation (CID) and ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) in a quadrupole ion trap are presented. The two derivatization methods generate different cross-ring cleavages on UVPD and CID. UVPD of hydrazide-conjugated oligosaccharides yield predominant (2, 4)A-type cross-ring cleavage ions. In contrast, UVPD of aminated oligosaccharides results mainly in (0, 1)A-type ions. Moreover, more extensive dual-cleavage pathways (i.e. internal fragment ions) were observed on UVPD.
Mucinous myoepithelioma, a recently described new myoepithelioma variant.

Myoepithelial neoplasms are tumors composed almost exclusively of cells with myoepithelial differentiation. They frequently contain spindle, plasmacytoid or epithelioid shaped cells and may have oncocytic or clear cytoplasmic features. They are uncommon, accounting for 1.5 % of all salivary gland tumors and for 2.2–5.7 % of major and minor salivary gland tumors, respectively. Recently this author, together with several colleagues, have described three unusual myoepithelial tumors, two benign and one malignant that contained abundant intracellular mucin material, which they termed the mucinous variant of myoepithelioma. This represents a unique, previously undescribed subtype that does not fit in the current classification system. A literature review revealed several similar cases reported as “signet ring-cell” adenocarcinomas of salivary gland, which stained for myoepithelial markers, in addition to containing intracellular mucin material, that are more accurately classified as mucinous myoepithelioma. To date, there are 17 reported mucinous myoepitheliomas; four were classified as benign and 13 as malignant. Thirteen arose in minor salivary glands and four in the parotid gland. One patient presented with a lymph node metastasis. With minimal follow-up currently available, this appears to be a benign to low-grade malignancy.
A stop-dialysis cup.

Abstract A simple device to prevent inadvertent loss of excessive volume during dialysis is described.
Knowledge-based client-server approach to structural information retrieval: the digital anatomist browser

Structural information can be defined as data and knowledge about biological objects ranging in size from molecules to the whole body. A framework is described for organizing structural information around a well-defined set of terminology and semantic relationships, and for disseminating multimedia structural information by means of a wide-area information server that is accessible over the internet. A Macintosh-based client of this server, called the Digital Anatomist Browser, has been used to teach neuroanatomy for the last 2 years. The client-server approach provides each student unlimited access to a rapidly growing knowledge base of structural biology that, while immediately useful for anatomy teaching, has the potential to be an organizing framework for other kinds of medical knowledge as well.
A comparison of lateral peristriate and striate neocortical ablations in the rat

The effects of striate, lateral peristriate and sham ablations upon the post-operative reacquisition of visual discriminations were studied in two experiments. The results of Experiment 1 indicated that lesions restricted to the lateral peristriate neocortex rendered the rat incapable of resolving an oblique stripe discrimination. Seven of the 9 rats with striate ablations were unable to form the discrimination. The histological findings indicated that the deficit following lateral peristriate injury was not due to interruption of the geniculostriate system. However, the behavioral impairment in destriate rats corresponded to the degree of unintentional injury in lateral peristriate neocortex, but not medial peristriate tissue. In Experiment 2, the effects of these lesions were studied upon the post-operative reacquisition of either a non-reversal or reversal of a preoperatively acquired brightness discrimination. Animals with striate damage demonstrated considerable savings on the non-reversed brightness discrimination, and they acquired the reversal at a rate equal to that seen in animals with sham ablations. Rats with peristriate ablations showed no savings on the non-reversed brightness habit, and they required more extensive training than both the striate and sham groups on the reversal. These findings suggest that the frequently reported loss of a preoperative brightness habit following large posterior neocortex ablations is due to damage in the lateral peristriate neocortex rather than damage of the geniculostriate system. These results, taken with other literature, suggest an important role of the lateral peristriate neocortex in visuospatial sensory function.
The effects of interligand steric hindrance versus counterion interactions on the bonding modes of the thiocyanate and nitrite ions in nickel(II) palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes

Abstract The competing effects of interligand steric hindrance versus counterion interactions on the bonding modes adopted by the thiocyanate and nitrite ions have been studied in the complexes [MLX][BΦ 4 ] (M = Pd 11 and Pt 11 , L = 1,1,7,7-tetraethydiethylenetriamine (Et 4 dien) and 4-methyl-1,1,7,7-tetraethyldiethylenetriamine (MeEt 4 dien), X = thiocyanate), [Pd(tripy) NCS][BΦ 4 ] (tripy = 2,2′,2″-tripyridine) and [M(Et 4 dien)NO 2 ][BΦ 4 ] (M = Pd 11 , Ni 11 ). Whereas the [PdL(NCS)][BΦ 4 ] complexes undergo S → N bonded linkage isomerizations in solution and N → S-bonded reisomerizations in the solid state, the [PtL(SCN)] [BΦ 4 complexes were found to be stable S-bonded species, both in the solid state and in solution. The [Pd(tripy) NCS][bΦ 4 ] and [M(Et 4 dien)NO 2 ][BΦ 4 ] (M = Pd 11 , Ni 11 ) complexes were all isolated as stable N-bonded species. Bonding assignments were based on infrared or electronic spectral data. The bonding trends observed are discussed in terms of the several factors involved including, in addition to the two mentioned above, the nature of the metal ion.
Responding to Temperature Changes

Table 34.1 lists the important parameters we meet in this chapter and their units. The SI unit of temperature is kelvin (K), but as you have realized by now °C is often used in presenting data in materials science. As we mentioned in Chapter 1, the numerical value of a temperature difference or temperature interval expressed in °C is equal to the numerical value of the same temperature difference or interval when expressed in K. This point is worth remembering when you compare coefficients of thermal expansion or thermal conductivities for different materials.
Regulation of the Aromatic Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) by In-Utero and Lactational Exposure to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD)

The aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) mediates the toxicity of several halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, including 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). In order to better understand the systemic endocrine disruption induced by AHR agonists, we examined the regulation of AHR by exposure to TCDD during gestation and lactation. Pregnant rats were given an oral dose of 1 μg TCDD/kg body weight or vehicle control on day 15 of gestation, and female pups sacrificed on post-natal day 21. Total RNA from ovaries, uteri, and hypothalami was immobilized on a nylon membrane and probed with a murine AHR cDNA. The gel mobility-shift assay was used to asses changes in the DNA-binding activity of AHR in vitro. Ovarian AHR mRNA and DNA-binding capability were decreased 2.1- and 1.7-fold, respectively; while in the uterus, there was a 1.3- and 1.5-fold increase in message and DNA binding. Hypothalamic mRNA for AHR showed no change, while there was a 1.7-fold increase in DNA-binding activity. Our results show that in-utero and lactational exposure to TCDD alters the expression of AHR in a tissue-specific fashion, and that this altered regulation may either be a part or a cause of the general endocrine disruption observed in these animals.
Human Rights and Development: Complementary or Competing Concerns?

The conventional wisdom of the sixties and early seventies held that, except in the very long run, rapid development and human rights are competing concerns. Needs satisfaction, income equality, and civil and political rights were regularly held to be luxury goods. An examination of the development experiences of Brazil and South Korea, however, shows much of this conventional wisdom to have been mistaken. Rapid growth and development can be achieved without sacrificing social and economic equity. Furthermore, theoretical considerations suggest that even civil and political rights are more compatible with sustained rapid development than is frequently recognized.
Utah Virtual Lab: JAVA interactivity for teaching science and statistics on line.

The Utah on-line Virtual Lab is a JAVA program run dynamically off a database. It is embedded in StatCenter (www.psych.utah.edu/learn/statsampler.html), an on-line collection of tools and text for teaching and learning statistics. Instructors author a statistical virtual reality that simulates theories and data in a specific research focus area by defining independent, predictor, and dependent variables and the relations among them. Students work in an on-line virtual environment to discover the principles of this simulated reality: They go to a library, read theoretical overviews and scientific puzzles, and then go to a lab, design a study, collect and analyze data, and write a report. Each student's design and data analysis decisions are computer-graded and recorded in a database; the written research report can be read by the instructor or by other students in peer groups simulating scientific conventions.
Delirium markers in older fallers: a case-control study.

BACKGROUND: When a hospitalized older patient falls or develops delirium, there are significant consequences for the patient and the health care system. Assessments of inattention and altered consciousness, markers for delirium, were analyzed to determine if they were also associated with falls. METHODS: This retrospective case-control study from a regional tertiary Veterans Affairs referral center identified falls and delirium risk factors from quality databases from 2010 to 2012. Older fallers with complete delirium risk assessments prior to falling were identified. As a control, non-fallers were matched at a 3:1 ratio. Admission risk factors that were compared in fallers and non-fallers included altered consciousness, cognitive performance, attention, sensory deficits, and dehydration. Odds ratio (OR) was reported (95% confidence interval [CI]). RESULTS: After identifying 67 fallers, the control population (n=201) was matched on age (74.4±9.8 years) and ward (83.6% medical; 16.4% intensive care unit). Inattention as assessed by the Months of the Year Backward test was more common in fallers (67.2% versus 50.8%, OR=2.0; 95% CI: 1.1-3.7). Fallers tended to have altered consciousness prior to falling (28.4% versus 12.4%, OR=2.8; 95% CI: 1.3-5.8). CONCLUSION: In this case-control study, alterations in consciousness and inattention, assessed prior to falling, were more common in patients who fell. Brief assessments of consciousness and attention should be considered for inclusion in fall prediction. Language: en
TNF-alpha stimulates increased plasma membrane guanine nucleotide binding protein activity in polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

TNF-a enhances the response of polymor- phonuclear leukocytes (PMN) to chemoattractants: however, the mechanism by which this occurs is unclear. We addressed the hypothesis that TNF-a enhances the PMN response to chemoattractants by increasing chemo- attractant receptor transmembrane signaling, using fMLP as the model chemoattractant. fMLP-stimulated guanine nucleotide binding (G) protein activation was significantly increased in plasma membranes isolated from PMNs exposed to TNF-a 100 U/mi for 10 minutes (TNF-M), compared to membranes from control cells (CM). Formyl peptide receptor number and affinity were not significantly different in CM and TNF-M. Gand G� content were increased in TNF-M as measured by pertus- sis toxin and cholera toxin (CT) catalyzed ADP- ribosylation, respectively. The increased Gwas coupled to the formyl peptide receptor as shown by receptor- specific CT labeling of G�. Immunoblot analysis showed that both Gaj2 and G03 were increased in TNF-M. The functional activity of the increased G protein content was demonstrated by increased NaF-stimulated phospholi- pase D activity in TNF-a-treated PMNs. We conclude that TNF-a rapidly stimulates increased PMN plasma membrane expression of G proteins that couple formyl peptide receptors to effector enzymes. Regulation of G protein expression may be a significant mechanism by which TNF regulates PMN function. J. Leukoc. Biol. 57: 500-506; 1995.
QuakeSim: Enabling Model Interactions in Solid Earth Science Sensor Webs

QuakeSim is problem-solving environment for understanding earthquake processes through the integration QuakeSim: of multiscale models and data. The goal of QuakeSim is to substantially improve earthquake forecasts, which will ultimately lead to mitigation of damage from this natural hazard. Improved earthquake forecasting is dependent on measurement of surface deformation as well as analysis of geological and seismological data. Space-borne technologies, in the form of continuous GPS networks and InSAR satellites, are the key contributors to measuring surface deformation. We are expanding our QuakeSim Web Services environment to integrate, via Ontolody-based Federation, both real-time and archival sensor data with high-performance computing applications for data mining and assimilation. We are federating sensor data sources, with a focus on InSAR and GPS data, for an improved modeling environment for forecasting earthquakes. These disparate measurements form a complex sensor web in which data must be integrated into comprehensive multi-scale models. In order to account for the complexity of modeled fault systems, investigations must be carried out on high-performance computers. We are building upon our "Grid of Grids" approach, which included the development of extensive Geographical Information System-based "Data Grid" services. We are extending our earlier approach to integrate the Data Grid components with improved "Execution Grid" services that are suitable for interacting with high-end computing resources. These services are being deployed on the Columbia computer at NASA Ames and the Cosmos computer cluster at JPL.
Effects of recombinant soluble CD14 on association of bacterial lipopolysaccharide with bovine alveolar macrophages in vitro

The CD14 receptor on the cell membrane of macrophages is well-known as a receptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and contributes to cellular activation, but the potential role of the soluble CD14 receptor (sCD14) in macrophage activation is less understood. In this study, CD14-dependent binding or uptake of [3H]-LPS by bovine alveolar macrophages (AM) was determined in vitro, and LPS-mediated activation of AM was evaluated using the tissue factor-procoagulant assay. In the absence of LPS-binding protein (LBP) or other serum components, recombinant human sCD14 (rsCD14) enhanced binding of [3H]-LPS to AM and also increased LPS-mediated activation of AM in a concentration-dependent manner. These effects were inhibitable by anti-CD14 monoclonal antibodies; the antibodies decreased, but did not completely prevent, association of [3H]-LPS with cells. Binding of [3H]-LPS to AM was greater in the presence of rsCD14 + bovine LBP (5-40 ng/ml), as compared to the moderately lower quantity of bound lipopolysa...