cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An integrated addictions nursing subspecialty to expand the opioid use disorder and substance use disorder workforce

Introduction In the U.S. approximately11.4 million misused prescription pain relievers; 2.1 million had an OUD in 2017. The Addictions Nursing Subspecialty was created to address this epidemic by expanding a workforce trained in OUD/SUD screening, treatment, and prevention. A curriculum was developed that included integrated/telehealth health care settings in medical and mental health provider shortage areas during their last nine months of training. Courses were developed and taught by aninterprofessional team of university faculty and informed by evidence-based guidelines/clinical competencies for effective OUD/SUD screening/prevention, assessment, treatment, and recovery. Courses were also offered as electives for nursing, clinical-counseling, social work, and other health science disciplines emphasizing an interdisciplinary approach to healthcare. Objectives Expand the OUD/SUD trained workforce in areas with high OUD/SUD mortality rates and high mental health provider shortages emphasizing team-based integrated care and telehealth settings. Methods Program curriculum was informed by evidence-based guidelines/clinical competencies for effective OUD/SUD screening/prevention, assessment, treatment, and recovery using integrated care. Competencies included: Core Competencies for Integrated Behavioral Health and Primary Care that have been set forth by the Center for Integrated Health Solutions, telehealth competencies outlined in the recommended competencies by the National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF), and Core Competencies for Addictions Medicine by the American Board of Addictions Medicine. Results Approximately 11 students enrolled in courses received additions integrated/telehealth health care settings. Students responded positively to evaluations regarding timely feedback, unique approach (i.e. intrative content, short videos and discussions). Conclusions The Addictions Nursing subspecialty will continue to be offered allowing enrollment for nurses twice a year.
An evolutionary psychology view of forgiveness: individuals, groups, and culture.

Abstract We review the logic of an evolutionary perspective on forgiveness, highlighting how insight into the likely function of forgiveness--solving adaptive problems related to acquiring and maintaining social relationships--has productively guided research and theory. A combination of experimental, longitudinal, cross-sectional, and cross-cultural evidence supports the claim that victims’ perceptions of harmdoers’ relationship value and exploitation causally influence whether or not victims forgive harmdoers. We also review the nascent literature on the topic of intergroup forgiveness, and consider how the concepts associated with interpersonal forgiveness, such as apologies, relationship value, and exploitation risk might help us understand forgiveness between groups, cultures, and societies. Finally, we explore the intersection of evolutionary and cultural perspectives on forgiveness, and consider how concepts from these two research traditions might be integrated to help us understand forgiveness even better.
Cyclodextrins and Congeners in Parenteral Applications

The natural fat soluble compounds and lipophilic drugs circulate in the organism in the form of complexes with specific carrier proteins. The formation of these protein complexes not only increases the water solubility of lipophilic compounds but also, in many instances, decreases their toxicity through a decrease in their effective conentration (activity). Vitamin A may serve as an example of this phenomenon; its toxic effects are observed only when the concentration of vitamin is higher than the concentration of its specific carrier protein. The role of carrier proteins in the organism may possibly be imitated by synthetic complexing agents. If these agents would have low toxicity, then useful therapies may be developed based solely on strong complexing between the synthetic agent and the natural or xeno-biotic compound. Our efforts in the development of such complexing agents have concentrated on cyclodextrins and their alkyl derivatives and on digitonin and compounds derived from this glycoside by derivatization of its saccharide part. Both approaches lead to compounds which form stable, water soluble complexes with representatives of fat soluble vitamins. Prom these compounds derivatives of vitamin A, retinoids, are of greatest interest since these compounds have beneficial effects on tumor formation.
Health Information Seeking and Technology Use Among Veterans With Spinal Cord Injuries and Disorders

Abstract Background Access to health information is crucial to persons living with a spinal cord injury or disorder (SCI/D). Although previous research has provided insights on computer and Internet use among persons with SCI/D, as well as how and where persons with SCI/D gather health information, few studies have focused on U.S. veterans with SCI/D. Objective To characterize health information seeking among veterans with SCI/D and to examine the association between technology use and the characteristics of veterans with SCI/D. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Participants Sample of 290 veterans with SCI/D who utilize services at 2 VHA SCI/D Centers. Methods Postal mail survey. Main Outcome Measurements Extent of computer, Internet, and text messaging use, information source use, and e-Health literacy rates. Results The survey response rate was 38%. The majority of respondents were male (97.2%), younger than 65 years (71.0%), and white (71.7%). Of the respondents, 64.8% indicated that they use a computer, 62.9% reported use of the Internet, and 26.2% reported use of text messaging. The mean overall e-Health Literacy Scale score was 27.3 (standard deviation=7.2). Similar to findings reported in studies focused outside the veteran population, the most frequent source that veterans turned to for information about SCI/D was a health professional (85.1%); this was also the most frequent source that veterans indicated they would turn to first to get information about SCI/D (75.9%). Other frequently reported sources of information included other persons with SCI/D (41.0%), Internet resources (31.0%), and family and friends (27.9%). Conclusions Fairly high levels of computer and Internet use exist among veterans with SCI/D. Veterans with SCI/D also have a strong preference for people—particularly health professionals, and to a lesser extent peers and family and friends—as sources of information about SCI/D. These findings highlight the importance of combining technology and human interaction to meet the information needs of this population.
Organizational Position: Influences on Perceived Organizational Properties

People perceive and interpret their work place in different ways that may be related to their hierarchical position in the organization. Workers' attitudes toward their organization can exert a negative effect on their own and other people's feelings and behavior, and have detrimental consequences for the achievements of the organization. The purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions of organizational characteristics maintained by three levels of human service organization employees: managers, supervisors or instructors, and line workers. Respondents in the present sample (n = 135) indicated their perceptions about seven organizational properties. Results reveal that the higher the organizational position of the subject, the more positive are the subject's perceptions concerning the organization, and the importance attached to various organizational properties. Results are interpreted in terms of the potential problems resulting from the different views of employees toward their organization, and the possible implications this holds for the staff of human service organizations.
Toward a deeper understanding of the willingness to seek help: the case of teleworkers.

Background Employees frequently do not engage in help-seeking due to the associated social costs. Despite the importance of help-seeking, little research has been done to explore factors affecting whether individuals will or will not engage in help-seeking at work, and existing research has thus far not addressed help seeking in the telework context. Objective This paper expands the current literature on help-seeking by exploring this behavior in the context of teleworkers and develops propositions regarding how aspects of virtual work environments will help determine teleworkers' willingness to engage in help-seeking behavior. Methods This article presents a review with critical analysis and integration of selected telework and help-seeking literatures. Results Grounded in the literature on inequity/indebtedness and the literature on threats to self-esteem, theoretically-derived research propositions are developed that help shed insights into help seeking behaviors in the telework context. These research propositions encompass media presence and the teleworker's perceived opportunity for reciprocation, and their associated impacts on the perceived cost of seeking help. Conclusion The proposed research propositions provide practitioners and researchers a means to be better able to assess telework applications and prevent unintended effects. Through such systematic understanding of how telework alters the perceived cost of seeking help and the teleworker's willingness to seek help, telework may be further improved to contribute to more effective and productive individuals and organizations.
Mechanical characterization of nonlinear viscoelastic solids for iterative solution of boundary value problems

This paper considers a class of boundary value problems arising from quasi-static deformation of physically nonlinear viscoelastic solids. A scheme for characterization of mechanical response in a manner compatible with an algorithm for numerical solution of nonlinear boundary value problems is discussed. An illustrative example of an axially deformed statically indeterminate nonlinear viscoelastic rod is included.
Unified and Attentive Publics Affect Foreign Policy Decisions

Paying Attention to Foreign Affairs: How Public Opinion Affects Presidential Decision Making. By Thomas Knecht. University Park, PA: Penn State University Press, 2012. 263 pp., $64.95 hardcover (ISBN-13: 978-0-271-03753-0). In this engaging, creative, and well-researched book, Thomas Knecht attempts to “develop and test a theory on the relationship between American public opinion and presidential foreign policy making” (p. 2). The thoughtfulness and insight demonstrated throughout Knecht's book outweigh some misgivings about whether the many fine parts of the work add up to a coherent and persuasive whole. The first chapter centers on five theoretical propositions, three of which concern the independent and joint effects of what Knecht terms the public's “unity” and “attentiveness” to foreign policy. Knecht illustrates these propositions via an excellent discussion of three mini cases concerning the Carter administration's policies toward Iran, Panama, and the Soviet Union. He argues that although Americans were extremely attentive to the 1979 Iranian hostage crisis, the fact that the public was divided (rather than unified) in its views about attempting a rescue left the administration free to pursue that rescue attempt as it wished. Public attentiveness to the issue of whether the United States should surrender control of the Panama Canal was far lower, and thus, despite the preference of 78% of Americans to maintain control, the administration was once again relatively unconstrained. Only in the case of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (to which 90% of Americans said they were attentive and to which 71% wanted to respond with a boycott of the Moscow Olympics) does Knecht argue that a public that was both attentive and unified influenced the Carter administration to abandon a preferred policy. The other two propositions draw on Knecht's previously published work about stages of presidential foreign policy decision making (Knecht and Weatherford 2006). Knecht argues for five major stages (“problem definition,”“option generation,”“policy decision,”“implementation,” and “policy review,” with the “problem definition” stage subsuming minor stages of “agenda setting” and “problem representation”). Knecht's first proposition is …
AEPDA, Saucier , and the Stronger Case for Rights-First Constitutional Adjudication

As part of a symposium on new affirmative visions of the judicial role, this essay takes on the Supreme Court's increasing unwillingness to resolve constitutional questions in post-conviction habeas cases under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA), as seen in decisions such as Wright v. Van Patten, 128 S. Ct. 743 (2008). In most cases in which AEDPA applies, a petitioner is only eligible for relief if a state court's constitutional error was unreasonable based on prior Supreme Court decisions (and not dicta). As a result, the Court has repeatedly concluded that a state court did not act unreasonably without deciding whether it committed error, leaving the law unsettled -- perhaps indefinitely. In a comparable line of cases under the qualified immunity doctrine, the Supreme Court had, for a time, endorsed a rigid order-of-battle pursuant to which reviewing courts must reach the rights question first. Although the rule of Saucier v. Katz was abandoned earlier this Term in Pearson v. Callahan, this essay suggests that the so-called Saucier sequence might make even more sense in the context of post-conviction habeas petitions under AEDPA, a context in which Saucier's many shortcomings hold far less water.
Globular Clusters: Galactic and Internal Motions

Motions of, and in, globular clusters can be observed from the ground and with the Hubble Space Telescope. This review covers types of observations and some of the results that they produce. Interactions of the Galactic bar with cluster orbits can in principle produce useful information, but the practical outlook is pessimistic.
Spatially homogeneous Lichnerowicz universes.

We find in this paper a special class of spatially homogeneous solutions of the Einstein-Lichnerowicz equations, describing the gravitational field of an electrically charged fluid with infinite conductivity.
Persistent applications using generalized redo recovery

We describe how to recover applications after system crashes using database recovery. Earlier efforts, based on frequent application checkpoints and/or logging values read, are very expensive. We treat application state as a cached object and log application execution as operations in the recovery framework of D. Lomet and M. Tuttle (1995). Logging application execution does not require logging the application state. Further logged application reads are mostly logical operations in which only the data source identity is logged. We describe a cache manager that handles the flush order dependencies introduced by these log operations and a recovery process that restores application state by replaying the application.
Problem Representation, Option Generation, and Poliheuristic Theory: An Experimental Analysis

Poliheuristic (PH) theory has received strong empirical support for its depiction of the option selection process: it explains how leaders evaluate, weigh, and ultimately choose among a set of policy options. But PH theory does not explain how this initial set of options is generated. Foreign policy problem representation (PR) research has shown that the way in which leaders mentally represent decision problems determines which options are generated for consideration. In this article, we develop a hybrid PR-PH framework in which leaders’ problem representations drive an unconscious screening process that occurs prior to the conscious screening of PH stage 1. We test hypotheses drawn from this framework experimentally and find that key elements of PR (most notably, perceived threat) determine which options consciously occur to decision makers and which options are not generated during a simulated foreign policy crisis.
Writing groups in computer science research labs

Researchers must excel at writing to effectively engage the scientific community. Clear and engaging writing advances new knowledge and increases the impact of a researcher's work. As developing researchers, it is essential that graduate students learn to write clearly and effectively so that their work is accessible to their peers and colleagues. An essential part of graduate school education should include the teaching of formal writing skills. In most graduate programs, students learn formal writing skills from two sources, their advisors or a writing class. We identify a third source: the graduate student peer group. In this paper, we describe how we leveraged the existing collaborative research dynamic among students in a graduate research lab and created a writing group, similar in spirit to the concept of a reading group. We describe the inspiration, implementation, and impact of a writing group in a real-world research lab. We show how the writing group started organically after a PhD student took a graduate writing class in the Computer Science Department and thereafter initiated the writing group in his research lab. We also describe how a writing group can be implemented in other research labs to improve the writing of graduate students worldwide.
Management of a Patient with Lumbar Segmental Instability Using a Clinical Predictor Rule

The diagnosis of low back pain is a common and costly condition in primary healthcare, which is often grouped into a homogeneous category. It has been suggested that the population of patients with low back pain are not a homogenous group and that they should be classified into subgroups. One subgroup identified in the literature is patients thought to have lumbar segmental instability. The patient in this case report is a 59-year-old female who presented with the four predictors of success demonstrated by Hicks et al. for implementing a lumbar stabilization program for a patient with lumbar segmental instability. With conservative treatment utilizing a lumbar stabilization program, the patient was able to regain strength, lumbar stability, and demonstrate functional improvement evidenced by an improvement in her Oswestry score. It is recommended that knowledge of current literature including clinical predictor rules can help to improve clinical decision making along with treatment of patients.
Numerical Solutions of Kähler–Einstein Metrics on {\mathbb {P}}^2 with Conical Singularities along a Smooth Quadric Curve

We solve for the $$SO(3)$$ -invariant Kahler–Einstein metric on $${\mathbb {P}}^2$$ with cone singularities along a smooth quadric curve using a numerical approach. The numerical results show the sharp range of angles ( $$(\pi /2,2\pi ]$$ ) for the solvability of equations, and the correct limit metric space ( $$\mathbb {P}(1,1,4)$$ ). These results exactly match our theoretical conclusion. We also point out the cause of incomplete classifications in Conti (Commun Math Phys 3:751–774, 2007).
Stress-Induced Effects on Integral Immune Components Involved in Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)-Specific Memory Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Activation

We have previously shown that restraint stress suppresses the activation of a polyclonal population of herpes simplex virus (HSV)-specific memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLm) to the lytic phenotype. We have extended these findings by demonstrating that this suppression occurs in two distinct HSV-specific CTLm populations that are generated in C57BL/6 mice in response to HSV infection and that recognize distinct epitopes expressed early in the HSV infection cycle. Moreover, these CTLm exhibited different levels of susceptibility to stress-induced suppression of activation. To elucidate the mechanisms responsible for this suppression, we have examined the effect of restraint on immunological components that are necessary for CTLm activation. We demonstrated that the expression of the T cell receptor (TCR), IL-2 receptor (IL-2R), and other accessory molecules involved in T cell activation were similar on CD8(+) T cell populations from both control and restrained groups of mice. However, splenic lymphoid cells from restrained mice generated significantly lower levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) than did those cells from control, nonrestrained mice. The reduced ability to activate HSV-specific CTLm from mice subjected to restraint could be overcome by increasing the cell density and, thus, the lymphokine concentrations in these cultures. Overall, these findings suggest that restraint stress does not affect the inherent ability of an HSV-specific CTLm to be activated to the lytic phenotype; rather, the availability of lymphokines necessary to drive the activation process may be the limiting factor as to whether or not CTLm activation occurs. This stress-induced suppression of lymphokine production may not only play a role in inhibiting HSV-specific CTL activation but may also contribute to a diminution in the responsiveness and function of other components of immunological memory that are dependent on the presence of lymphokines.
Protecting Our Littlest Patients: A Newborn Falls Prevention Strategy

Childbearing Poster Presentation Objective To reduce and prevent newborn falls at Huntsville Hospital for Women and Children. Design Evidence‐based quality improvement project. Sample Mother/baby patients and staff. Methods There were seven newborn falls during a 7‐month time period on the hospital's postpartum unit. After the first falls, the unit formed a committee to create a policy on newborn fall prevention and to develop education and tools for family members and staff to decrease the incidence of infant falls/drops. Committee members used information from review of the seven falls events, from a comprehensive literature review on newborn falls, and from information collected by the unit's Nurse Manager from other hospitals with similar numbers of deliveries. Implementation Strategies As a result of the committee's work, the following interventions targeting family members have currently been implemented: information on newborn falls added to safety instruction sheet read to, given to, and signed by parents at admission: new crib cards with information on falls prevention; room posters and mirror clings with falls information created; and falls information to be added as a crawl on unit's Newborn Channel. Parents are also educated on newborn falls during childbirth classes. Strategies targeting staff members include staff education on falls through a mandatory class, e‐mails, staff meetings, and unit flyers; a new Fall Risk Assessment Tool added to charting system; and a Newborn Post‐Fall Debriefing Form created for use after fall events. The Newborn Falls Policy is now in use and includes protocol for parental education, infant transport, placement of infant for sleeping, review of maternal medications, assessment of environment and mother's level of consciousness, and actions for preventing falls during infant feedings. In addition, Falls Committee staff members are meeting with pediatricians who see patients at Huntsville Hospital to plan a unified protocol for physician response to newborn falls. Results No newborn falls have occurred in the time period since the implementation of this comprehensive falls prevention strategy. Conclusion/Implications for Nursing Practice The issue of newborn falls (drops) in the hospital is one that has only been recognized as a problem in recent years. With little in the literature to provide evidence‐based guidelines for a uniform healthcare policy response, hospitals are developing their own strategies to reduce and prevent newborn falls. Other hospitals seeking to reduce and prevent newborn falls may learn from the experience of Huntsville Hospital in its newborn falls initiative.
Characterization of guanylyl cyclase in purified myelin

This study was undertaken to characterize the enzymatic properties of the particulate guanylyl cyclase previously shown to be present at a high level of activity in purified rat brain myelin. Significant activation was achieved by both Lubrol-PX and Triton X-100, the latters being somewhat more effective. A pH optimum of 7.8 was observed, compared to 7.4 for microsomes. Employing 1.2 mM GTP with 1% Triton X-100, linearity of response was observed up to 60 min and approximately 1.2 mg of myelin protein. Kinetic analysis revealed Km values of 0.258 mM and 0.486mM for myelin and microsomes, respectively, similar values being obtained by Lineweaver-Burke analysis or Direct Linear Plot. Vmax values were 20 and 266 pmol/mg protein/min for myelin and microsomes, respectively. Washing of the myelin with 0.5 M NaCl or 0.1% Na taurocholate did not remove a significant amount of guanylyl cyclase activity, indicating the enzyme to be intrinsic to the myelin sheath.
Characteristics of D-lysergic acid diethylamide binding to subcellular fractions derived from rat brain.

Abstract Synaptosomes of rat cerebral cortical gray matter contain low concentrations of high affinity ( K D 1 = 9 × 10 −9 M) and medium affinity ( K D 2 = 1.2 × 10 −6 M) binding sites for LSD ( D -lysergic acid diethylamide). Cerebral cortical synaptic membranes contain 2.2-times as many high affinity binding sites per milligram of protein as synaptosomes, but only about 0.18-times as many medium affinity sites per milligram of protein. These binding sites were not detected in synaptosomes from other regions of the brain, or in myelin or mitochondria from either the cortex or the rest of the brain. All these fractions, however, do exhibit low affinity binding ( K D 3 > 10 −4 M). Binding was determined by equilibrium dialysis employing 3 H-LSD of high specific activity. The high affinity binding component is stable for at least 90 min at 37°. Incubation with proteolytic enzymes reduces the binding. Of the LSD bound to cortex both in vivo and in vitro , 20–25 per cent is irreversibly bound. There is a pH dependency of the binding which suggests that at 5 × 10 −9 M and at 2 × 10 −5 M, LSD binds preferentially in the protonated form to a fraction of the binding sites. LSD binding to synaptosomes is inhibited by ten hallucinogenic compounds of widely varying structures, but not by their nonhallucinogenic congeners. All of these hallucinogenic compounds may produce their effects by binding to the same sites which bind LSD. Chlorpromazine also inhibits LSD binding. Prostaglandin E 1 and cyclic AMP substantially increase LSD binding.
Hematological Response of Different Stocks of Chickens to Iron-Copper Deficient Diet

Abstract TINDELL et al. (1967) reported that genotype-environmental interactions for body weight, although statistically significant, were relatively unimportant when genetically different stocks were reared under different management and geographical environments. This type of study enables one to obtain information about differences in the effects of the average environment of one location compared to that of another location. Another approach is to create a definable stress environment and then compare the stocks in stress and non-stress environments. Genetic differences between stocks and lines of chickens have been reported for packed erythrocyte volume (Washburn and Smyth, 1968). Slight genetic differences in packed erythrocyte volume values may have little or no effect on a stock as long as certain environmental conditions are not present. However, a bird with slightly decreased packed erythrocyte volume values might be more severely affected by marginal deficiencies of nutritients necessary for hematopoiesis. If this is true, genotype—environmental interactions…
Intracavity trace molecular detection with a broadband mid-IR frequency comb source

Haakestad, Magnus Willum; Lamour, Tobias P.; Leindecker, Nick; Marandi, Alireza; Vodopyanov, Konstantin L.. Intracavity trace molecular detection with a broadband mid-IR frequency comb source. Journal of the Optical Society of America. B, Optical physics 2013 ;Volum 30.(3) s. 631-640
Short Note: Hyperviscosity for shock-turbulence interactions

An artificial viscosity is described, which functions as an effective subgrid-scale model for both high and low Mach number flows. The model employs a bulk viscosity for treating shocks and a shear viscosity for treating turbulence. Each of the viscosities contains an empirical constant; however, the constants do not require adjustment from flow to flow. A polyharmonic operator, applied to the strain rate, imparts spectral-like behavior to the model, thus eliminating the need for ad hoc limiters and/or ''dynamic procedures'' to turn off the model in smooth regions. The model gives excellent results for Shu's problem, Noh's problem and decaying turbulence.
Genetics of the BB rat: association of autoimmune disorders (diabetes, insulitis, and thyroiditis) with lymphopenia and major histocompatibility complex class II.

The BB/Wor rat develops spontaneous autoimmune diabetes mellitus and also frequently develops lymphocytic thyroiditis. To clarify the role of T cell lymphopenia and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in the development of these autoimmune disorders, we studied back-cross animals between the inbred thyroiditis and diabetes-prone BBNB/Wor subline (MHC RT1.AuBuDuCu) and three nonlymphopenic MHC-congenic rat strains: PVG.RT.1u (RT1.AuBuDuCu), PVG.R8 (RT1.AaBuDuCu), and PVG.R23 (RT1.AuBaDaCav1). We observed that 1) lymphopenia is absolutely required for the development of spontaneous diabetes and insulitis, and is usually associated with the development of thyroiditis; 2) the MHC region to the right of the class I RT1.A locus is strongly correlated with diabetes and insulitis; and 3) this region is also significantly associated with the development of thyroiditis, but the susceptibility of certain MHC class II alleles (u and a) for disease development is distinct for insulitis and thyroiditis. Furtherm...
Marcel Brion i la Recepció de la Literatura Catalana a Les Nouvelles Littéraires

This article presents the reception of modern Catalan literature in France through the analysis a particular case: the reviews that the writer Marcel Brion wrote on catalan letters from the year 1925 to 1936 in the famous literary magazine Les Nouvelles Litteraires. Brion was perfectly aware of the different cultural trends in Catalonia and in reviews on writers such as Carles Riba, Francesc Trabal, Josep Lopez-Pico or Joan Estelrich he not only provided sharp insights on their work, but offered a fragmented interpretation of modern Catalan literature as a whole, trying to explain to the French public its main characteristics, its canon and why it deserved a place of its own in the western interwar debate on modernist and avant-garde developments.
Hydrogen peroxide method intercomparision study in seawater

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been studied extensively in the atmosphere and natural waters employing numerous techniques based on absorbance, voltammetry, fluorescence or chemiluminescence. Here we compare the 10-methyl-9-(p-formylphenyl)-acridinium carboxylate trifluoromethanesulfonate chemiluminescent-based (AE-CL) flow-injection analysis (FIA) method to the p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (POHPAA) batch fluorescence method on 108 paired samples representing a wide range of ocean water types. Over the oceanographically relevant concentration range of 0–250 nM, the two methods are indistinguishable. Since the AE-CL method does not respond to t-butyl hydroperoxide, and no other species including trace metals have been found to cause interferences, it an ideal method for quantification of H2O2 in natural waters. The POHPAA method, which cannot distinguish organic peroxides from H2O2, was also compared to the HPLC method of Lee et al. [Lee, M., Heikes, B.G., Jacob, D.J., Sachse, G., Anderson, B., 1997. Hydrogen peroxide, organic hydroperoxide, and formaldehyde as primary pollutants from biomass burning. Journal of Geophysical Research, [Atmospheres], 102 (D1), 1301–1309.]. The latter method separates organic peroxides from H2O2 and then measures the concentration of each species. These two methods produced results that are not significantly different from each other, demonstrating that hydrogen peroxide is the only peroxide detected in seawater. It can be inferred from these studies that previous H2O2 measurements made with non-selective techniques measure H2O2 in seawater, and that organic peroxides comprise an insignificant fraction of the total peroxide signal. This study also validates the use of the HPLC method for seawater analyses, as the method was originally developed for atmospheric gas-phase studies.
Fabrication of Noncovalent and Covalent Internal Scaffolding in Monolayer Assemblies Using Diacetylenes

Internal molecular scaffolding is created by the lateral association of molecules at specific vertical positions within a single molecular layer. In this paper, such internal scaffolding is demonstrated for both noncovalent and covalent interactions using diacetylene-containing precursors. Previously shown to form a covalent polymer backbone upon UV irradiation, diacetylenes are shown here to also exhibit noncovalent lateral interaction prior to polymerization. Preferential twist orientation of the methylene side chains and distinct methyl group orientation illustrate the presence of this noncovalent scaffolding. Upon formation of the cross-linked polymer backbone, alkyl chain crystallinity and end group orientation are not significantly altered, but the methylene chain twist orientation is decreased. Evaluated as a function of the vertical position of the scaffolding within the monolayer, all monolayers exhibit excellent long-range order as measured by the electron-transfer properties.
A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of viable Escherichia coli O157:H7: investigation of specific target genes.

Aims: To determine suitable target genes for detection of the pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7 by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Methods and Results: Potential genes used as indicators for viability included rfbE, fliC, stx1, stx2, mobA, eaeA, hly and 16S rRNA. Under normal growth conditions, rfbE, stx1, hly and 16S rRNA amplicons were detected in association with all growth phases. The products of 16S rRNA, mobA, rfbE and stx1 were readily visualized in RNA isolated from viable but nonculturable cells. The 16S rRNA gene was not amplified following heat treatment of cells at 121∞C for 15 min and mRNA targets were not amplified after treatment at 60∞C for 20 min. In this instance, genes that are not amplified are good targets for determining viability. Conclusions: The results of RT-PCR amplification indicate that, under the conditions examined, the rfbE gene is the most appropriate target for detection of viable E. coli O157:H7. Significance and Impact of the Study: Prior to detection or identification from an environmental or food sample E. coli O157:H7 may be exposed to many harsh conditions that influence nucleic acid (RNA and DNA) stability. This study gives an insight into the effects of temperature and nutrient deprivation on identification of viable cells using RT-PCR. It also suggests that, if RT-PCR is to be used for detection of live cells in a sample without enrichment, 10 7 cfu of the target organism are required.
Effect of low protein diets for growing Leghorn pullets upon subsequent laying performance.

Abstract 1. An experiment was conducted with White Leghorn pullets to study the effect on laying performance of dietary protein content and amino acid supplementation during the growing period. 2. From 0 to 6 weeks of age birds fed on diets containing either 149 g protein/kg supplemented with methionine and lysine or 182 g protein/kg grew faster than those fed on a diet containing 149 g protein/kg alone. However, only those fed on the supplemented diet utilised their food more efficiently. 3. From 7 to 20 weeks of age neither body weight gain nor food utilisation was affected by the dietary protein content. 4. Pullets fed the low protein diet supplemented with 2 g methionine/kg and 2.5 glysine/kg during the period of 0 to 6 weeks of age had significantly better egg production than birds fed the low protein diet alone. The dietary protein content during 7 to 20 weeks of age did not influence subsequent egg production.
The duration of volcanism in Mare Serenitatis

The crystallization ages of a suite of Apollo 17 basalts from four different stations have been measured using the Ar-39 to Ar-40 stepwise heating technique. The rocks analyzed include all principal petrographic types found at Apollo 17 landing site. A correlation between the ages and the petrographic type exists; plagioclase-poikilitic ilmenite basalts are youngest and olivine porphyritic ilmenite basalts are the oldest. The duration of volcanism in Mare Serenitatis is about 200 million years, the same as observed for Mare Imbrium, and less than observed for Mare Tranquillitatis, 400 million years. A relationship between duration of volcanism and gravity anomalies is noted. The cosmic ray exposure ages (in millions of years) for various locations range as: station 4, 58-315; station 5, 85-440; station 6, 110; station 8, 90-160.
Effects of Maintenance Feeding Regimens on Weight Gain, Feed Efficiency, and Body Condition of Pond-Raised Channel Catfish

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of initial fish size and weekly feeding frequency during the growing season on production characteristics and body condition of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Two sizes of channel catfish (averaging 39 or 249 g/fish) were stocked into eighteen 0.04-ha ponds at a density of 14,820 fish/ha. On days fed fish were fed to apparent satiation with a commercial 28% protein diet for 15 weeks. Fish fed once weekly to satiation gained 92% or 39% of initial weight for small and large fish, respectively. Maintenance feeding frequency (satiation) for these sizes of fish stocked at 14,820 fish/ha would be less frequent than once weekly. The condition factor improved as weekly feeding frequency increased. Larger fish had a better survival than smaller fish. However, fish survival was not affected by weekly feeding frequency. Based on results from the present study, it appears that feeding once weekly to satiation can maintain the body weight of advanced fingerli...
Validation of strong magnetic field asymptotic models for dopant transport during semiconductor crystal growth

Abstract This paper presents a numerical solution for the unsteady transport of a dopant during the growth of a semiconductor crystal from a melt with an externally applied magnetic field. This solution confirms the results of an asymptotic model. Both solutions show that at every time during the growth of the crystal, the dopant distribution (1) is very nonuniform throughout the melt, and (2) is far from the instantaneous steady state. The present numerical solution for an arbitrary mass Peclet number Pe m and an arbitrary Hartmann number Ha predicts a dopant distribution in the crystal, which agrees remarkably well with the dopant distribution predicted by the asymptotic solution for Pe m ≫ 1 and Ha≫ 1. The maximum difference between the crystal compositions predicted by these two different approaches is less than 4% for the range of magnetic field strengths considered.
Sampling, log binning, fitting, and plotting durations of open and shut intervals from single channels and the effects of noise

(1) Analysis of the durations of open and shut intervals measured from single channels currents provides a means to investigate the mechanisms of channel gating. Durations of open and shut intervals are conveniently measured from single channel data by using a threshold level to indicate transitions between open and shut states. This paper presents a detailed characterization of sampling, binning, and noise errors associated with 50% threshold analysis, provides criteria to reduce these errors, methods to correct for them, and presents an efficient means of data handling for binning and plotting interval durations. (2) Measuring interval durations by sampling at a fixed rate introduces two types of errors, (a) the number of intervals of a given measured duration are increased (promoted) over that expected in the absence of sampling, producing a sampling promotion error, (b) sampling decreases the total fraction of true intervals that are detected, producing a sampling detection error. Sampling errors can be reduced to negligible levels if the actual or effective (after interpolation) sampling period is less than 10-20% of both the dead time and fastest time constant in the distribution of intervals. Dead time is given by the duration of a true interval that has a filtered amplitude equal to 50% of the true amplitude. (3) Methods are presented to correct for sampling promotion error during least squares and maximum likelihood fitting. Sampling detection error is more difficult to correct, but an empirical description of the sampling detection error can be used to calculate the effective fraction of detected events with sampling. (4) Noise in the single channel current record can produce two types of error. (a) If noise peaks in the absence of channel activity exceed the threshold for detection, then false channel events of brief duration are produced. Sufficient filtering will prevent this type of error. (b) Noise can also increase the total fraction of true intervals that are detected, producing a noise detection error. Increased filtering over that required to prevent false events is not necessarily the best method for reducing noise detection error, as increased filtering can prevent detection of the faster exponential components. (5) Noise detection error can be reduced in two ways: (a) an empirical description of the noise detection error can be used to calculate the effective fraction of detected events in the presence of noise. (b) The sampling period can be selected so that the sampling detection error cancels the noise detection error.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Gender and Prescription Opioid Misuse in the Emergency Department

Objectives To the best of the authors' knowledge, gender differences in nonmedical opioid presentations to the emergency department (ED) have not been studied. The objective was to explore gender differences in ED visits related to nonmedical prescription opioid use in a nationally representative sample. Methods Data from the 2011 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) were analyzed to compare visit characteristics between women and men. Logistic regression models were developed to examine the association between gender and specific drug presentations and clinical outcomes. Results There were an estimated 426,010 DAWN-defined visits involving prescription opioid use in 2011. The prevalence of drugs in opioid-involved visits was similar between women and men. Ingestion of another drug along with opioids was associated with increased odds of hospital admission for both women and men, and types of opioids ingested were similar between women and men. However, gender differences were noted in clinical outcomes, depending on the specific drug combination. Conclusions Gender differences exist in ED presentations related to prescription opioids. Further research is needed to understand these differences and any implications for gender-specific emergency care and brief interventions. Resumen Objetivos Segun el conocimiento de los autores, las diferencias de genero en las atenciones no medicas al Servicio de Urgencias (SU) no se han estudiado. El objetivo fue explorar las diferencias en funcion del genero en las visitas relacionadas con el uso de opiaceos no prescritos por medicos en un muestra representativa nacional. Metodologia Se analizaron los datos desde 2001 del Department of Health and Human Services Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) para comparar las caracteristicas entre las visitas entre varones y mujeres. Se desarrollaron modelos de regresion logistica para examinar la asociacion entre el genero y las atenciones especificas por drogas y los resultados clinicos. Resultados Hubo una estimacion de 426.010 visitas definidas por DAWN involucradas con la prescripcion de farmacos opiaceos en 2011. La prevalencia de farmacos en las visitas relacionadas con farmacos opiaceos fue similar entre las mujeres y los varones. La ingestion de otro farmaco junto con los farmacos opiaceos se asocio con un riesgo incrementado de ingreso hospitalario tanto para las mujeres como para los varones, y los tipos de farmacos opiaceos ingeridos fueron similares entre las mujeres y los varones. Sin embargo, hubo diferencias entre generos en los resultados clinicos dependiendo de la combinacion especifica de farmacos. Conclusiones Las diferencias de genero existen en la atenciones en el SU relacionadas con la prescripcion de opiaceos. Se precisa de futuras investigaciones para comprender estas diferencias y cualquiera de sus implicaciones en la atencion de urgencias especificas de genero e intervenciones breves.
On the decomposability of NC and AC

It is shown for rationale $a, b \geq 1$ that $NC_a ^{NC_b} = NC_{a+b-1}$. As a consequence, if, for some $k \geq 1$ and $\epsilon > 0, NC_k = NC_{k+\epsilon}$, then $NC_k = NC$. A similar development can be applied to circuits with unbounded fan-in. It is seen that $AC_a ^{AC_{b}} = AC_{a+b}, AC_a ^{NC_b} = NC_{a+b}$, and $NC_a ^{AC_b} = AC_{a + b - 1}$. This shows for $a \geq 0$ and $b \geq 1$ that $AC_a ^{AC_b} = NC_{a+1}^{AC_b}$ and $AC_a ^{NC_b} = NC_{a+1}^{NC_b}$. An oracle A is constructed for which $\forall k$, $NC_k ^A \subset AC_k ^A $ and, in fact, $AC_k ^A - NC_{k+\epsilon }^A \neq \phi$ for any $\epsilon < 1$. Similarly, there is an A so that $\forall k$ and $\epsilon < 1$, $NC_{k+1} ^A - AC_{k+\epsilon }^A \neq \phi $, and hence $AC_k ^A \subset NC_{k+1} ^A$ Combining, this yields an A such that, for all k and $0 < \epsilon < l$, the classes $AC_k ^A $ and $NC_{k+\epsilon} ^A$ are incomparable.
Predictors of Shared Decision Making and Level of Agreement Between Consumers and Providers in Psychiatric Care

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively examine elements of shared decision making (SDM), and to establish empirical evidence for factors correlated with SDM and the level of agreement between consumer and provider in psychiatric care. Transcripts containing 128 audio-recorded medication check-up visits with eight providers at three community mental health centers were rated using the Shared Decision Making scale, adapted from Braddock’s Informed Decision Making Scale (Braddock et al. 1997, 1999, 2008). Multilevel regression analyses revealed that greater consumer activity in the session and greater decision complexity significantly predicted the SDM score. The best predictor of agreement between consumer and provider was “exploration of consumer preference,” with a four-fold increase in full agreement when consumer preferences were discussed more completely. Enhancing active consumer participation, particularly by incorporating consumer preferences in the decision making process appears to be an important factor in SDM.
Searching techniques for integral tables

We describe the design of data structures and a computer program for storing a table of symbolic inde nite or de nite integrals and retrieving user-requested integrals on demand. Typical times are so short that a preliminary look-up attempt prior to any algorithmic integration approach seems justi ed. In one such test for a table with around 700 entries, matches were found requiring an average of 2.8 milliseconds per request, on a Hewlett Packard 9000/712 workstation.