cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of samples of a cement-borehole plug in bedded evaporites from southeastern New Mexico

Abstract A section of a 10-cm cement plug which had been in place for 18y in a borehole in the Salado Formation of southeastern New Mexico was characterized extensively. The plug had sealed an exploratory borehole in the McNutt Potash Zone of that formation. Chemical and physical properties of the host rock, the plugging material and the interfacial region were studied in conjunction with detailed research on optimizing cement compositions for sealing geologic repositories for radioactive waste. This study showed that although a good bond formed between the rock and cement, there was minimal chemical interaction away from the interface. The relatively high w/c ratio cement plug also exhibited low compressive strength and high permeability relative to the host rock. The need for development of cement composites tailored to the properties of the host rock at repository sites is exemplified.
Proven high-performance display solution

Rockwell Collins serves both the military and the commercial segments by exploiting the common elements of these applications. Rockwell Collins has created a liquid crystal display family capable of 100:1 contrast ratio, 40:1 high ambient contrast, 0.25% specular reflectance, 0.1% diffuse reflectance, enhanced color stability over +/- 55H, 0-30V field of view, 300 fL with 10K:1 dimming range, color NVIS B compliance while exceeding environmental performance requirements though ruggedization. In order to meet the full range of display requirements at a system level, all the components must be understood and managed to meet the end solution of the final system. This paper details Rockwell Collins' optical performance using an avionics grade panel, third generation custom compensation, and solid state backlight.
Elemental concentrations in bones from an ancient egyptian mummy and from a contemporary man

Abstract Differences in elemental concentrations in bones taken from an ancient Egyptian mummy and a contemporary man were investigated by using proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) in combination with Rutherford backscattering (RBS). Remarkable differences were noticed in the Fe/Ca and Pb/Ca relative concentrations, which were consistently higher in the contemporary man.
The “Build‐to‐Suit” Tax‐Deferred Exchange

Recently skyrocketing real estate prices have caused taxpayers to intensify their efforts to utilize the tax deferral benefits of Internal Revenue Code §1031 to put their newly found tax‐free dollars of equity to work to accomplish a variety of business and investment objectives. Goals can range from tax benefits such as creating or increasing depreciation deductions by exchanging into more highly leveraged property to economic benefits such as taxfree diversification or consolidation of investment properties. Of increasing interest is the use of tax‐deferred exchange dollars to build or improve property to suit the specific needs of the taxpayer rather than acquiring existing property that might not be as suitable. Although taxpayers have experimented with these so‐called “build‐to‐suit” exchanges since the Tax Court sanctioned the prototype transaction in its 1962 Baird v. Commissioner decision, subsequent statutory and administrative pronouncements have refined the technique and provided more certainty...
Temperature dependence of the hyperfine interaction of trivalent gadolinium in single crystal thorium oxide

Hyperfine structure splittings for the M = − ½ → ½ transition of trivalent gadolinium in single crystal thorium oxide have been measured from 1.25 to 350 K. The temperature dependence of these splittings is interpreted in terms of a modified Simanek-Orbach theory.
Predissociation quantum yields of singlet nitrogen.

The branching between predissociation and photoemission is measured using a fast beam technique for several excited singlet states of the nitrogen molecule that lie at energies between 110 000 and 113 000 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ above the ground electronic state. The specific states probed in this study are b' $^{1}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{\mathit{u}}^{+}$(v=9--13), c' $^{1}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{\mathit{u}}^{+}$(v=3,4), and $^{1}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Pi}}_{\mathrm{u}}^{+}$(v=3,4), and substantial predissociation is observed in each. The present measurements are compared with previous measurements of the branching ratio and with the predissociation rates implied by previous lifetimes and absorption linewidth measurements.
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis presenting as a pseudotumor in a 2-month-old boy

The authors report on a 2-month-old boy presenting with a right renal mass. Investigations including ultrasound scan and computed tomogram were suggestive of a renal tumor. A right nephrectomy was performed with great difficulty because of dense adhesions to the adjacent structures. Cut section of the specimen showed the entire kidney to be replaced by cheesy-yellow areas. Histological examination was suggestive of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Although rare at this age, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a renal mass in children. The lesion is unique among the inflammatory conditions in closely mimicking renal tumours clinically. A thorough histological examination also is suggested because the features can get confused easily with those of renal tumors.
IRS-3 inhibits IRS-2-mediated signaling in pancreatic β-cells

Abstract IRS-2 plays an important role in the control of pancreatic β-cell growth, however it is unclear if other IRS family members are also involved. Using recombinant adenoviruses, IRS-1, -2 and -3 expression was varied in the β-cell line, INS-1. Increased IRS-1 expression had no appreciable effect on β-cell growth. However, increased IRS-2 expression augmented glucose/IGF-1 induced β-cell growth mitogenesis and decreased apoptosis due to glucose-deprivation. In contrast, increased IRS-3 expression significantly inhibited mitogenesis and increased apoptosis. IRS-3 was intransiently located to the β-cell plasma membrane, and appeared to be inert in terms of IGF-1 induced signaling. However, increased IRS-3 expression blocked glucose/IGF-1 induced IRS-2 translocation from the cytosol to the plasma membrane, dampening IRS-2/IGF-1R interaction and subsequent activation of the PI3K/PKB/GSK3 signaling pathway. In contrast, glucose/IGF-1 induced Erk-1/-2 and p70 S6K activation were unaffected by IRS-3. These data emphasize the importance of IRS-2/PI3K/PKB signal transduction for β-cell growth and survival.
Magnetic stratigraphy and tectonic rotation of the Middle Eocene Matilija Sandstone and Cozy Dell Shale, Ventura County, California: implications for sequence stratigraphic correlations

Abstract The Matilija Sandstone and Cozy Dell Shale in the western Transverse Ranges of California record a long history of Eocene regression from deep marine turbidites to non-marine red shales and then transgression to deep marine shales in a rapidly subsiding tectonic basin. In its type area along the Ventura River north of Ojai, the Matilija Sandstone consists of over 800 m of deep marine to non-marine sandstones, and the Cozy Dell Shale contains over 760 m of deep marine shales and turbidite sandstones. Paleomagnetic sampling of these rocks yielded a stable magnetic remanence which passed both a fold test and a reversal test; some samples were reversed at NRM after dip correction. Based on calibration from planktonic microfossils, the Matilija Sandstone spans the interval from Chron C21r to early Chron C20r (46.0–48.5 Ma), and the Cozy Dell from late Chron C20r to C19r (46.0–42.0 Ma). The samples show a tectonic rotation of approximately 85±18° clockwise, consistent with previous results reported for this tectonic block. Previous sequence stratigraphic correlations of these rocks are inconsistent with this chronostratigraphy. None of the sequence boundaries predicted from these sections matches the global sequence chart.
The rare earths LXXXVI. Isocyanato adducts of lanthanide(III) chlorides and isothiocyanates

Abstract Lanthanide(III) isocyanato complexes of general formula [(C 2 H 5 ) 4 N] 3 [Ln-(NCO) 3 X 3 ], where X = Cl , NCS, and Ln = Y , Dy, Er, and Yb, have been isolated by combination of stoichiometric quantities of tetraethylammonium cyanate and the appropriate lanthanide(III) salt in non-aqueous solvents. Analogous adducts of the lighter lanthanide(III) salts (La 3 + −Gd 3 + ) could not be isolated because of decomposition. Infrared data indicated that nitrogen-bonded cyanate groups are present in each of the isolated adducts. A coordination number of six is assigned to the lanthanide ion on the basis of elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy.
Markarian 348: A Tidally Disturbed Seyfert Galaxy

Combined optical and radio images of galaxies can provide new insights into the sizes, masses, and possible evolution of these objects. Deep optical and neutral hydrogen images of Markarian 348, a type 2 Seyfert galaxy, show that it is a gigantic spiral (perhaps the largest known non-cluster galaxy). Measurements of the neutral hydrogen velocity field and spiral structure, and detection of an optical "tidal plume," all provide evidence that it has been subject to tidal disruption. The measured velocities yield a mass-to-light ratio for this object (within a radius of 130 kiloparsecs from its nucleus) that is similar to the ratio found for the inner regions of most galaxies of similar type. This is one of the few cases where detailed velocity measurements have demonstrated that a galaxy with an active nucleus has been subject to extensive tidal perturbation.
Modulation of pp60c‐src tyrosine kinase activity during secretion in stimulated bovine adrenal chromaffin cells

High levels of the proto-oncogene product, pp60c−src, have been found in developing and adult neural tissues as well as in certain fully mature cells of the hematopoietic lineage, e.g., platelets and myelomonocytes. Adrenal medullary chromaffin cells exhibit characteristics of both types of cells, i.e., they are derived from the neural crest and carry out exocytosis in response to specific stimuli. Earlier studies have shown that pp60c-src localizes not only to the plasma membrane of chromaffin cells but also to the membranes of chromaffin granules, the secretory vesicles of these cells that store catecholamines and other secretory products. To investigate the possible involvement of pp60c-src in exocytosis, cultured bovine chromaffin cells were analyzed for changes in c-src tyrosine kinase activity in response to stimulation by several secretagogues. Results of in-vitro immune complex kinase assays showed that pp60c-src, derived from cells that had been stimulated for various lengths of time, exhibited decreased auto- and transphosphorylating activities as compared to pp60c-src immunoprecipitated from control cells. The greatest reduction in activity was observed 10 min post-stimulation, while normal levels were regained 2–6 hr after secretagogue treatment. Western immunoblot analysis of the immunoprecipitated pp60c-src revealed that approximately 50% less c-src protein was present in immune complexes prepared 10 min after stimulation as compared to those prepared from mock-stimulated controls, resulting in a specific autophosphorylating activity that was 42–47% of control and little or no reduction in the transphosphorylating specific activity. In experiments in which the rate of secretion of [3H]-norepinephrine from cells preloaded with this compound was compared to the rate of modulation of pp60c-src activity, 50% of the maximal reduction in pp60c-src activity occurred within 2–4 min while 50% maximal release of [3H]-norephinephrine occurred within 1–3 min. Taken together, these results suggest that pp60c-src may play some role (direct or indirect) in the exocytotic process.
Magnetophotoselective photolysis of the formyl radical in fused silica

Abstract Photolysis of the formyl radical in silica by light polarized with its electric vector parallel to an external magnetic field is orientationally select
Psychological stress accelerates the onset of tumour formation and alters the type and location of tumours in a DMBA mouse carcinogenesis model

Psychological stress is recognized as a factor that contributes to increased susceptibility to a number of diseases, including cancer. Psychological stress, via release of chemical mediators, can induce long-term changes in the organism resulting in an altered responsiveness of the organism to external carcinogens. The present investigation sought to evaluate the impact of stress on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-induced carcinogenesis. We utilized a repetitive restraint stress mouse model and the model PAH, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). Restraint stress was applied three times a week for 6 weeks and DMBA was administered intra-gastrically once a week for 6 weeks and formation of skin, mammary and ovarian tumours was examined at 26 weeks by pathological analyses. The results indicate that stress accelerates the onset of tumour formation produced in response to DMBA and significantly influences the type and location of tumours. Taken together, these results demonstrate that stress enhances the carcinogenicity of DMBA. These results clearly indicate the need for further characterization of the impact of stress on carcinogen metabolism in oncology. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of Net Mesh Sizes for Estimating Abundance of the Opossum Shrimp Mysis relicta from Vertical Hauls

Abstract We compared abundance estimates of the opossum shrimp Mysis relicta collected in vertical tow nets having mesh sizes of 333 and 1,000 μm for evidence of size-related displacement or avoidance. A timed haul rate (mean = 0.44 ms·s–1), reportedly near optimum for the 1,000-μm-mesh net, was used with both nets to collect M. relicta from Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho. Estimates of adult and juvenile densities (numbers·m–3) and lengthfrequency distributions were similar for both mesh sizes. We found no evidence that bow waves, created by water resistance through the finer mesh net (333 μm), displaced more mysids than waves created by the larger mesh size (1,000 μm). Net efficiencies were 66% for the 333-um-mesh net and 71% for the 1,000-μm-mesh net. Consequently, at haul rates up to 0.44 ms·s–1, choice of net mesh sizes should rely on research goals. Larger mesh sizes will facilitate sampling; finer mesh nets will also collect other zooplankton.
Susceptibility of Current Adaptive Behavior Measures to Feigned Deficits

The current study examined the susceptibility of the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System—2nd edition (ABAS-II; Harrison & Oakland, 2003) and the Scales of Independent Behavior—Revised (S1B-R; Bruininks, Woodcock, Weatherman, & Hill, 1996) to the feigning of adaptive functioning deficits. Using four different instruction sets, the authors evaluated whether the provision of diagnostic information (a form of coaching) improved participants’ ability to simulate adaptive deficits commensurate with a diagnosis of mental retardation. The authors found that the ABAS-II was quite vulnerable to believable manipulation by raters, while the SIB-R was not. In fact, exaggeration on the SIB-R was easily detected regardless of the information provided. Implications regarding the use of these measures in Atkins mental retardation evaluations are discussed.
A Method for the Exploratory Analysis of Airline Networks

The airline industry in the United States has experienced significant changes in the spatial configuration of networks since the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978. Attempts have been made to study the structure of the hub-and-spoke network in the airline industry, but no efficient methodology has been available. This paper describes an exploratory approach to analyzing the spatial configuration of airline networks. Flight frequencies and numbers of passengers from published schedules of six U.S. domestic airlines (American, Continental, Delta, Northwest, United, and USAir) are used in this study. The analytic components in the exploratory system include the examination of network connectivity and network autocorrelation in a dynamic mapping environment. The results of the analyses show both the overall spatial patterns of airline networks and the hierarchical hubbing structures.
Infection Prevention for Construction and Renovation in the Operating Room

Construction and renovation projects in the operating room can increase the risk of invasive aspergillus infections among patients having surgery during these activities. A proactive approach minimizes the risk of infections. A multidisciplinary team is required to plan and implement preventive measures throughout the construction project. The operating room staff and leadership play an important role in the planning of new or renovated facilities and especially in monitoring the construction site within their work area. Appropriate preventive measures during operating room construction help to promote patient safety.
Characterization of the major non-collagenous proteins of chicken bone: identification of a novel 60 kDa non-collagenous phosphoprotein.

Abstract Chicken bone powder, sequentially extracted with 4M guanidine HCl (NG), 0.3M HCl (H), 0.5 NaCl at neutral pH (NS), and 4M guanidine HCl pH 7.4 (G), preferentially solubilized osteocalcin (OC), osteopontin (OPN), α 2 HS-glycoprotein, bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteonectin (ON). These studies provide the first amino acid sequences for a non-mammalian form of ON and both N-terminal and internal amino acid sequences obtained for ON demonstrated that the avian form of this protein is more than 80% conserved for all the peptides sequenced in this study. A novel ∼60 kDa protein was identified with a unique N-terminal amino acid sequence and several internal amino acid sequences. Amino acid composition of this protein indicates that it is similar to other acidic glycosylated phosphoprotein of bone, and it is phosphorylated principally on serine residues, although a small amount of phosphorylated threonine residues were also detected. Solubility characteristics of this protein differed from those of ON, OPN and Decorin, and, it was not recognized by polyclonal antibodies to ON, BSP, OPN or by a monoclonal antibody to Decorin. This protein was not present in chicken serum and no comparable sequences were found in the GenBank or EMBL protein sequence database. These studies provide the first sequence for a non-mammalian form of ON and identify a novel acidic bone protein.
Pulmonary Atresia With Intact Ventricular Septum: Long-Term Results of "One and a Half Ventricular Repair"

Background. Between 1982 and 1984, we successfully performed "one and a half ventricular repair" using a Glenn shunt for 3 patients with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum. Here we review the 10-year follow-up results. Methods. In these patients, the preoperative Z scores of the tricuspid valve diameters ranged from −5.2 to −6.5. Right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction combined with a Glenn shunt were performed in all patients. Cardiac catheterization was done at least 10 years postoperatively. Results. All 3 patients have maintained New York Heart Association functional class I status for more than 10 years. Angiography in 2 patients confirms sufficient left pulmonary artery pressure with pulsatile blood flow and good right ventricular contraction. A pulmonary arteriovenous fistula has developed in 1 patient. Conclusions. Although the lower limits of the tricuspid valve diameter for "one and a half ventricular repair" using a cavopulmonary shunt have not yet been determined, we successfully performed this procedure in 3 patients with severely hypoplastic right ventricles and tricuspid valve diameter Z scores of less than −5.0. The results up to 10 years postoperatively are acceptable.
Moving to Preserve the Past: Current State of Archival Music Collections and Future Possibilities

Interest in collecting archival materials in music libraries appears to be on the rise. This interest is accompanied by projects to identify and make available hidden archival collections. Despite these projects, little has been done to examine what real interest in archival music collections exists within the music library community. This article reviews current activities towards revealing hidden collections and analyzes the results of a survey examining interest in and management of archival music collections in North American music libraries. Based on this analysis, the article concludes with suggestions for further activity in documenting and providing resources for archival music collections.
There appear to be conserved constraints on the distribution of nucleotide sequences in cellular genomes.

The data from a genomic library can be sorted into the frequencies of every possible tetranucleotide in the sequence. This tabulation, a short sequence distribution, contains the frequency of occurrence of the 256 tetranucleotides and thus seems to serve as a vehicle for averaging sequence information. Two such distributions can be readily compared by correlation. Reported here are correlations (Spearmanrs) of the distributions from all of the genomic libraries in GenBank 44.0 with sizes equal to or larger than that ofSalmonella typhimurium, except for the data for mouse and humans. All of the organisms examined showed highly significant correlations between the two DNA strands (not the complementarity expected from base pairing). Of 155 comparisons between libraries, 132 showed significant correlations at the 99% confidence level. Application of the correlation coefficients as a similarity matrix clustered most organisms in a phenogram in a pattern consistent with other hypotheses. This suggests a highly conserved pattern underlying all other genetic information in cellular DNA and affecting both DNA strands, perhaps caused by interaction with conserved factors necessary for DNA packaging.
Effect of Chronic Prolactin Infusion on Pituitary Prolactin and Hypothalamic Proopiomelanocortin

Although there is evidence that endogenous opioids, and in particular beta-endorphin (beta-EP), may mediate some of the suppressive effects of hyperprolactinemia on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, there is controversy about the effects of prolactin (PRL) on beta-EP and its precursor, proopiomelanocortin (POMC), in the hypothalamus. In this study we have therefore examined the effects of chronic peripheral and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of ovine PRL on POMC gene expression and beta-EP levels in the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) of castrated male and female rats. Endogenous pituitary and plasma PRL levels were determined by RIA with an antiserum to rat PRL which does not crossreact with oPRL. Suppression of endogenous rPRL levels was used as a confirmation of the biological effectiveness of the infused oPRL. POMC mRNA was measured in the MBH by solution hybridization assay. In the first experiment oPRL (5 microg/microl/h) or vehicle was infused for 2 weeks by osmotic minipump into the right lateral ventricle of ovariectomized rats. The mean plasma concentration of rPRL declined from 3.7+/-1.0 ng/ml in the controls to 1.4+/-0.13 ng/ml in the oPRL infused animals (P<0.05); pituitary rPRL content similarly decreased from 39.1+/-4.6 microg to 20.4+/-3.7 microg (P<0.02). There was no significant change in the concentration of POMC mRNA or beta-EP in the MBH of the oPRL treated animals. In the second experiment oPRL was infused for 1 week into the third ventricle of orchiectomized rats. Again despite a fall in endogenous PRL levels, there was no significant change in POMC or beta-EP in the MBH. In the third experiment oPRL was infused subcutaneously into orchiectomized rats for 2 weeks. Mean plasma oPRL levels were 150+/-7.3 ng/ml after 1 week and 58+/-7.5 ng/ml after 2 weeks. Pituitary rPRL content was again suppressed in the oPRL treated animals but no change in POMC or beta-EP was detected in the MBH. We conclude that oPRL can be infused both peripherally and centrally for up to 2 weeks with resulting suppression of endogenous pituitary PRL content and release. Under these conditions no effects on the concentrations of POMC mRNA or beta-EP could be demonstrated in the hypothalamus. These results suggest that either PRL has nongenomic effects on hypothalamic beta-EP or that endogenous opioids other than beta-EP mediate the suppressive effects of PRL on the HPG axis.
Is Retinal-Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine the Chromophore of Rhodopsin?

SEVERAL laboratories have reported the presence of the Schiff base of retinal and phosphatidyl ethanolamine (retinal-PE) in bovine rod outer segments1–3. Poincelot et al.2 claim that this compound is the chromophore of rhodopsin. Heller found only traces of phospholipid in purified bovine rhodopsin4, however, and presented evidence that retinal is attached directly to opsin in a substituted aldimine linkage5. Hall and Bacharach6 injected frogs with 32P and found large amounts of radioactivity in rod phospholipids, but none in purified rhodopsin. The purified rhodopsins of Heller4,5 and Hall and Bacharach6 had an absorption maximum at 500 nm and could be bleached by light. We recently determined the molar concentration of retinal-PE in bovine rods and compared it with the molar concentration of rhodopsin. We present here our preliminary findings.
Sediment Trap Studies in Lake Michigan: Resuspension and Chemical Fluxes in the Southern Basin

The results of 4 years (1977–80) of sediment trap sample collection in the southeastern region of Lake Michigan are summarized and compared with water column and sediment characteristics. Mass flux data indicate strong seasonal patterns, with maximum fluxes recorded during the unstratified period. The large amount of winter resuspension is a mechanism which provides an intimate coupling of recent sediments and the water column. Also these trap study results indicate that there is a near-bottom (10-m-thick) benthic nepheloid layer whose chemical composition approaches that of deep water (fine grain) sediments. The amount of resuspended NaOH extractable phosphorus injected into the euphotic zone is estimated as approximately equal to the load of new phosphorus entering southern Lake Michigan. The role of resuspension in the cycling of organic carbon and contaminants associated with it appears to be important.
The Sport Education Tactical Model.

(2009). The Sport Education Tactical Model. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 80, No. 9, pp. 31-38.
Bovine adrenocortical adenylate cyclase: Some properties of the solubilized, fluoride-activated enzyme

Abstract The activity of bovine adrenocortical plasma membrane adenylate cyclase can be maintained at 4°C in the presence of NaF. The half-life of the fluoride-stabilized enzyme is approximately 7 days. Maximal activation by fluoride requires approximately 20 min at 0°C and the level of activity attained is dependent on fluoride concentration. The enzyme from freshly harvested membranes can also be stimulated by ACTH 1 – 24 and Gpp(NH)p and the stimulatory effects of these two activators are additive. Prolonged exposure to either NaF or Gpp(NH)p precludes hormone activation. Optimal concentration for Gpp(NH)p activation is 10 −4 –10 −5 M . Treatment of the enzyme with a Tris-HCl buffer containing Lubrol-PX (1%), NaF, dithiothreitol, and MgSO 4 followed by sonication affords a preparation that does not sediment at 100 000 g in 1 hr. This material has a low specific activity; however, removal of the detergent on DEAE cellulose restores specific activity to its original level. A significant improvement in specific activity is observed following dialysis or ultrafiltration of the detergent-free 100 000- g supernatant. At this stage the enzyme can be lyophilized and stored at −70°C without loss of activity. The enzyme in the detergent-free 100 000- g supernatant behaves as a single peak that is included in Sepharose 6B. Comparison of the elution profile of the enzyme with profiles produced by a standard set of proteins suggests a molecular weight of 1 × 10 6 . Hydrophobic chromatography of the detergent-free 100 000- g supernatant on n -hexyl Sepharose 4B results in a fivefold enhancement of specific activity.
Laryngomalacia: factors that influence disease severity and outcomes of management.

Purpose of reviewLaryngomalacia is a well described cause of newborn stridor. The spectrum of disease presentation, progression, and outcomes is varied. Some infants will have inconsequential stridor where others will develop feeding symptoms or even severe or life-threatening complications of airwa
Studies of molybdenum sulfide catalysts: effects of pretreatment on olefin hydrogenation activity

Various models have been proposed for the active sites in hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis reactions on molybdenum sulfide catalysts. The role played by edge and basal sites of the sulfide in both oxygen chemisorption and in hydrogenation is still moot, although the question has been often investigated. The authors have chosen to study the effect of catalyst preparation and pretreatment on the properties of unsupported molybdenum disulfide, to avoid some of the problems involved in characterizing supported catalysts. The unsupported sulfide was prepared in situ by the thermal decomposition of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATTM) in flowing helium. In the present paper, unsupported molybdenum sulfide catalysts have been tested for catalytic activity in propene hydrogenation after various pretreatments. This was selected as a test reaction because it gives good conversions at temperatures below the TPR peaks; these mild conditions do not destroy the effects of catalyst pretreatment. Activity was measured with a pulse method, with determination of kinetic constants by a procedure recently described. 44 references.
Public policy processes and the environment: implications for a sustainable future

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the roots of environment policy through a review and application of policy literature, portraying a disjointed process worried with procedure over substance and too often removed from the reality of environment degradation and attainment of sustainability. Design/methodology/approach – The paper involves literature review and application of policy literature to sustainability. Findings – Government is responsible for protecting the environment in the face of rapid industrial growth, but ineffectiveness in and misunderstanding of the policy process, confounded by a multitude of actors and interests, and, often inadequate resourcing, threaten the possibility of sustainability. Research limitations/implications – Policy literature is voluminous. This paper seeks to apply public policy literature to the concept of sustainability, but a comprehensive review of all literature would be beyond the scope of a journal article. Practical implications – There is a sep...
Frequency of Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase (KPC)-Producing and Non-KPC-Producing Klebsiella Species Contamination of Healthcare Workers and the Environment

We examined contamination of healthcare worker (HCW) gown and gloves after caring for patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)–producing and non-KPC-producing Klebsiella as a proxy for horizontal transmission. The rate of contamination with Klebsiella species is similar to that of contamination with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus, with 31 (14%) of 220 of HCW-patient interactions resulting in contamination of gloves and gowns.
Preparation and characterization of d6 tungsten compounds with amino acid derivatized diimine ligands and preparation of dipeptide derivatives using peptide coupling agents

Abstract Attempts to prepare dipeptide compounds from organometallic N-substituted amino acids are reported. Condensation of pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde, α-amino acids (H- l -Ala-OH or H- l -Asp-OH) and W(CO) 4 (pip) 2 leads to formation of W(CO) 4 (pyca-Et) ( 1 ) (pyca refers to the α-diimine fragment, C 5 H 4 NCH N) following decarboxylation of one or two equivalents of CO 2 . This decarboxylation does not occur for β-alanine or GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid). Coupling of [Hpip][W(CO) 4 (pyca-β-Ala-O)] ( 2 ) or [Hpip][W(CO) 4 (pyca-GABA-O)] ( 3 ) to amino acid esters, H- l -Ala-OEt, or H- l -Val-OMe, using the standard 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) procedure produced four new dipeptide compounds, 4 – 7 . The reactions proceed in good yield and compounds were characterized spectroscopically. The dipeptide complex, W(CO) 4 (pyca-Ala-Ala-OMe) ( 8 ), was prepared by reaction of W(CO) 4 (pip) 2 with H- l -Ala- l -Ala-OMe and pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde. In addition the molecular structure of W(CO) 4 (pyca-β-Ala-Val-OMe) ( 5 ) is reported.
The influence of synovial inflammation and hyperplasia on symptomatic outcomes up to 2 years post-operatively in patients undergoing partial meniscectomy.

Summary Objective Synovitis is associated with pain and other symptoms in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA), and in patients with meniscal tears even in the absence of radiographic OA. Patients undergoing arthroscopic partial meniscectomy were followed for 2 years to determine whether synovitis predicts post-operative symptoms. Design Thirty-three patients scheduled for arthroscopy were recruited for this pilot study. Symptoms were assessed using a knee pain scale, the Lysholm score, and the short form-12 (SF-12 ® ) pre-operatively and at 16 weeks, 1 year and 2 years post-operatively. Synovial inflammation and hyperplasia were graded on surgical biopsies. Linear mixed effects models were tested to determine whether inflammation or hyperplasia is associated with outcome scores over time. Results Lysholm scores and SF-12 ® physical component sub-scores were worse pre-operatively in patients with inflammation (Lysholm: 52.42 [95% confidence interval (CI) 42.37, 62.47] vs 72.38 [66.03, 78.72], P P P = 0.03. 33% (4/12) of patients with inflammation still had fair to poor Lysholm scores 2 years after surgery compared to 7% (1/15, P =0.14) without inflammation. No association between hyperplasia and symptoms was noted. Conclusions In this pilot study of patients undergoing partial meniscectomy, synovial inflammation was associated with worse pre-operative symptoms, but not with poorer outcomes in the first 2 years post-arthroscopy. Larger cohorts and longer follow-up should be pursued to confirm this relationship, and determine if the initial response is sustained.
Femtosecond mid-infrared optical parametric oscillators

Summary form only given. The development of femtosecond infrared laser sources is of considerable interest for many applications ranging from time-resolved spectroscopy of semiconductors and organic molecules to atmospheric optics. Because of the scarcity of conventional mode-locked lasers in this spectral range, the femtosecond optical parametric oscillator (OPO) has been established as a versatile and practical alternative, capable of delivering high-repetition-rate ultrashort pulses with durations as short as 13 fs from the visible to the near-infrared.
Low-kilovoltage, single-dose intraoperative radiation therapy for breast cancer: results and impact on a multidisciplinary breast cancer program.

Background The Intrabeam (Carl Zeiss) brachytherapy device (IB) is an electronic brachytherapy device that can be used to deliver low energy x-rays (50 kV) to a lumpectomy cavity at the time of lumpectomy for breast cancer. Reported experience with IB for breast cancer in the United States has been extremely limited. Here we describe our experience and analyze the impact of IB on our multidisciplinary breast cancer program. Study Design This is a retrospective review of a prospectively collected breast cancer database. Patient characteristics, treatment characteristics, recurrence, and cosmesis were analyzed. Cost data were also analyzed to determine the impact of IB on the breast cancer program. Results Seventy-eight patients underwent 80 IB treatments in this series between November 2010 and October 2012. Most patients had invasive ductal carcinoma. Mean total operative time for patients receiving lumpectomy, sentinel node biopsy, and IB was 132 minutes (range 79 to 243 minutes). Intrabeam brachytherapy was the only adjuvant radiation required in 81% of patients, and only 15% of patients required additional operation after the index lumpectomy procedure. At 12 months of follow-up, cosmesis was good to excellent in 92% of patients. There have been no local recurrences in patients treated in this series. Intrabeam brachytherapy is associated with considerably lower costs ($1,857) than conventional whole breast radiation therapy ($9,653). Conclusions Implementation of IB impacts treatment planning and operating room use in a multidisciplinary breast cancer program. The safety profile, ease of administration, and reduced costs of IB favor its more widespread use in selected patients with early-stage breast cancer.
GAME: detecting cis-regulatory elements using a genetic algorithm

Motivation: Identification of a transcription factor binding sites is an important aspect of the analysis of genetic regulation. Many programs have been developed for the de novo discovery of a binding motif (collection of binding sites). Recently, a scoring function formulation was derived that allows for the comparison of discovered motifs from different programs [S.T. Jensen, X.S. Liu, Q. Zhou and J.S. Liu (2004) Stat. Sci., 19, 188--204.] A simple program, BioOptimizer, was proposed in [S.T. Jensen and J.S. Liu (2004) Bioinformatics, 20, 1557--1564.] that improved discovered motifs by optimizing a scoring function. However, BioOptimizer is a very simple algorithm that can only make local improvements upon an already discovered motif and so BioOptimizer can only be used in conjunction with other motif-finding software. Results: We introduce software, GAME, which utilizes a genetic algorithm to find optimal motifs in DNA sequences. GAME evolves motifs with high fitness from a population of randomly generated starting motifs, which eliminate the reliance on additional motif-finding programs. In addition to using standard genetic operations, GAME also incorporates two additional operators that are specific to the motif discovery problem. We demonstrate the superior performance of GAME compared with MEME, BioProspector and BioOptimizer in simulation studies as well as several real data applications where we use an extended version of the GAME algorithm that allows the motif width to be unknown. Availability: http://mail.med.upenn.edu/~zhiwei/GAME/ Contact: zhiwei@mail.med.upenn.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Editors' Introduction to Technology, Data, and Politics

This symposium addresses the rise of Internet data—and, more broadly, the data that is generated by a range of information and communication technologies (ICTs). Global ICT growth could have wide-ranging implications for the study of politics, but political science is currently lagging behind other disciplines in its use of ICT-derived data—particularly compared to fields such as public health and economics (Nadav et al. 2011; Carneiro and Mylonakis 2009; Choi and Varian 2009; Christakis and Fowler 2009; Ginsberg et al. 2009; Jensen 2011). The articles in this symposium, therefore, focus on the question of how political scientists can and should think about using ICT-derived data in their research.
α-Tocopherol disappearance is faster in cigarette smokers and is inversely related to their ascorbic acid status

BACKGROUND Cigarette smokers have enhanced oxidative stress from cigarette smoke exposure and from their increased inflammatory responses. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine whether cigarette smoking increases plasma alpha-tocopherol disappearance in otherwise healthy humans. DESIGN Smokers and nonsmokers (n = 10/group) were supplemented with deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopheryl acetates (75 mg each of d(3)-RRR-alpha-tocopheryl acetate and d(6)-all-rac-alpha-tocopherols acetate) for 6 evenings (days -6 to -1). Plasma alpha-tocopherols, ascorbic acid, uric acid, and F(2alpha)-isoprostanes were measured in blood samples collected on days -6 through 17. The urinary alpha-tocopherol metabolite, alpha-carboxy-ethyl-hydroxy-chroman (alpha-CEHC), was measured on days -6, 0, and 17 in 24-h urine samples. RESULTS F(2alpha)-isoprostanes were, on average, approximately 40% higher in smokers than in nonsmokers. On day 0, plasma labeled and unlabeled alpha-tocopherol concentrations were not significantly different between groups. Smoking resulted in faster fractional disappearance of plasma alpha-tocopherol (0.215 +/- 0.011 compared with 0.191 +/- 0.009 pools/d; P < 0.05). Fractional disappearance rates of alpha-tocopherol correlated with plasma ascorbic acid concentrations in smokers (P = 0.021) but not in nonsmokers despite plasma ascorbic acid concentrations that were not significantly different between groups. By day 17, cigarette smoking resulted in lower plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations and urinary excretion of labeled and unlabeled alpha-CEHC (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Cigarette smoking increased alpha-tocopherol disappearance. Greater rates of alpha-tocopherol disappearance in smokers appear to be related to increased oxidative stress accompanied by lower plasma ascorbic acid concentrations. Thus, smokers have an increased requirement for both alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid.
Enterococcal Bacteremia: To Treat or Not to Treat, a Reappraisal

The treatment of enterococcal bacteremia not associated with endocarditis has been controversial. We retrospectively reviewed 81 episodes of enterococcal bacteremia and categorized them as to their clinical significance, using a strict case definition. Of the 81 episodes, 41 met our criteria for clinical significance. Mortality was 51% among the 41 patients with clinically significant bacteremia and 50% among the 40 patients with bacteremia of uncertain clinical significance. Despite these equivalent overall mortality figures, antibiotic therapy specific for Enterococcus species was associated with reduced in-hospital mortality among patients with clinically significant infections (relative risk [RR] = 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.27-0.77); mortality was also reduced in the first 7 days after the detection of bacteremia, when death was relatively likely to be directly due to the bacteremic episode (RR = 0.17, CI = 0.04-0.74). The association between appropriate antibiotic therapy and reduced mortality remained statistically significant when adjustments were made for a number of other factors related to mortality, including age, underlying conditions, prior use of antibiotics, nosocomial acquisition, polymicrobial etiology, prior surgery, and source of infection. Thus enterococcal isolates from the blood, even when of doubtful clinical significance, are poor prognostic markers associated with high mortality. However, when the clinical significance of bacteremia is defined by strict criteria, specific therapy against Enterococcus species is associated with improved outcome.
Internship and Postdoctoral Training in Pediatric and Clinical Child Psychology: A Survey

Enquete comparative sur la formation des internes en pediatrie et des psychologues cliniciens (psychologie de l'enfant). Soixante responsables de programmes de formation ont fourni les caracteristiques des cycles de formation pour permettre la comparaison. Les participants ont egalement fourni des reponses a l'enquete
The concept of interpersonal pattern in Peplau's Theory of Nursing

Interpersonal pattern, defined as the category in which separate interpersonal acts are linked by similar, defining characteristics, is a critical, data-rich concept that is used in the therapeutic nurse-client relationship. If this concept is studied within the framework of aesthetic knowing in nursing, the processes of deliberate involvement that form the crux of the nurse-client relationship become illuminated. An illustrative case study brings this concept to life by demonstrating the use of interpersonal pattern as the focus of intervention with a frail, elderly woman. In this case study, the nurse practices aesthetic knowing to assess and respond to the woman, and ultimately assist in her forward movement towards optimum function and health. Linkages of this type of intervention to all of nursing practice are made by integrating the use of interpersonal pattern with aesthetic knowing in nursing.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Adults With Cardiogenic Shock

A 28-year-old previously healthy woman was brought to the hospital after out-of-hospital resuscitated cardiac arrest attributable to ventricular fibrillation. On the evening of presentation, she was found unconscious at home by family members. Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was immediately initiated. The patient was defibrillated in the field by emergency medical response providers with return of spontaneous circulation. She aspirated during intubation in the field, and arrived to the hospital in shock, with blood pressure 88/71 mm Hg on norepinephrine 20 μg/min and vasopressin 0.04 U/min. She did not have purposeful movements, and therapeutic hypothermia was initiated in the Emergency Department. She had a metabolic acidosis and concomitant type I acute respiratory failure, with PaO2 66 mm Hg on volume-cycled assist/control mode with tidal volumes of 400 cc, FiO2 1.0, positive end-expiratory pressure 10 cm H2O, and a respiratory rate of 26 breaths/min. Her ECG did not demonstrate stigmata of ischemia or infarction. However, a type I Brugada pattern was noted in leads V1 and V2 before cooling. Over the ensuing several hours, vasopressor requirements escalated. A Swan-Ganz catheter demonstrated severely depressed cardiac index and elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. She remained severely hypoxic despite maximal ventilator support. Chest x-ray showed diffuse bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, consistent with severe aspiration pneumonitis. PaO2 decreased to 49 mm Hg despite increased positive end-expiratory pressure and chemical paralysis, meeting Berlin criteria for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome.1 Options for percutaneous hemodynamic support were considered (including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation [ECMO] or percutaneous ventricular assist device [VAD], such as Impella and TandemHeart), and the patient was placed on veno-arterial ECMO (VA ECMO) for both hemodynamic and respiratory rescue 6 hours after presentation. Cardiopulmonary bypass was first developed in 1954 to facilitate open-heart surgery and used successfully 1 year later.2,3 …
Performance analysis of multistage BLUE/MMSE receivers for DS-CDMA in frequency selective fading channels

The multistage (MS) Wiener filter proposed in [J.S. Goldstein et al., Nov. 1998] is extended to meet the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE) criterion in this research. The MS BLUE filter is shown to share the same structure of the MS minimum-mean squared error (MMSE)/minimum output energy (MOE) filter bank proposed in S. H. Wu et al. [Nov. 2002] for multipath channels modulo a scaling matrix. The limiting performance and the relationship between the output SINRs of MS-BLUE, MS-MMSE and MS-MOE multiuser receivers in a multipath fading channel are derived and linked to the resultant bit rate error (BER). It is shown in our analysis the BERs and SINRs of the MMSE, MOE and BLUE receivers are, respectively in flat Rayleigh fading channels.