cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The visual perception of exocentric distance in outdoor settings

The ability of 20 younger (mean age was 21.8years) and older adults (mean age was 71.5years) to visually perceive exocentric distances outdoors was evaluated. The observers adjusted the extent of in-depth spatial intervals until they appeared identical to fronto-parallel intervals of 4 and 8m. The frontal and in-depth intervals were viewed from a distance of 8m. Almost all of the observers' judgments were inaccurate and most reflected perceptual compressions in depth: e.g., an in-depth interval of 10m would appear to have the same extent as a physically smaller 8m frontal interval. Some observers' judgments, however, were consistent with perceptual expansions of in-depth intervals. No significant effects of age were obtained in the current study: both younger and older adults exhibited perceptual compressions and expansions of in-depth intervals. This outcome differs from that of a recent experiment conducted by our laboratory (Vision Research 109 (2015) 52-58) that found the judgments of younger adults to be less accurate than those of older adults. A comparison of the former and current results revealed that while older adults perform similarly outdoors and indoors, the accuracy of younger adults' exocentric judgements improves substantially in outdoor settings (so that the accuracy becomes similar to that exhibited by older adults).
Chlorite and its Relationship to Pyritization in Anoxic Marine Environments

ABSTRACT Pyritiferous basal marine shales of the early mid-Devonian Hamilton Group of New York State display an inverse relationship between pyrite abundance, as a proportion of the chlorite present, and the iron content of the chlorite. This relationship suggests that chlorite was a significant source of iron during pyritization. The data also suggest that chlorite was broadly segregated into an iron-rich fraction, occuring nearer the source, and one of lower iron content, found farther west.
Evaluation of the surface radiation dose and dose gradient in early stage breast cancer using high-dose-rate brachytherapy MammoSite applicator.

Abstract Purpose To monitor the radiation dose delivered and dose homogeneity to the skin and adjacent tissues around a MammoSite™ applicator. Methods and materials Radiation surface dose was measured on 67 consecutive patients with Stage T1–T2N0M0 breast cancer implanted with the MammoSite™ balloon. Thermoluminescent dosimeters and metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors were used to measure surface dose directly over the balloon, contralateral breast, thyroid, axilla, and inframammary fold. The dose homogeneity was retrospectively studied from the treatment plans in 25 patients. Results The mean maximum skin dose was 267 cGy, with a range of 56–488 cGy per fraction, 4 cGy (±2 cGy) to the contralateral breast, 8 cGy (±4 cGy) to the thyroid, 47 cGy to the ipsilateral axilla (±33 cGy), and 52 cGy (±47 cGy) to the ipsilateral inframmammary fold. The mean dose gradients were 127%, 110%, 99%, 96%, and 89% for inflated volumes of 35, 40, 50, 60, and 70 mL, respectively. Conclusions All patients completed therapy with no or minimal skin reaction with radiation doses comparable to or better to external beam radiation. Considering the dose homogeneity, the larger inflated volume allows for better homogeneity of dose distribution, minimizes the volume of contiguous tissue that receives relatively high doses, and may reduce the risk of fat necrosis.
Thoughts on Film: Critically engaging with both Adorno and Benjamin

AbstractThere is a traditional debate in analytic aesthetics that surrounds the classification of film as Art. While much philosophy devoted to considering film has now moved beyond this debate and accepts film as a mass art, a subcategory of Art proper, it is worth reconsidering the criticism of film pre-Deleuze. Much of the criticism of film as pseudo-art is expressed in moral terms. Adorno, for example, critiques film as ‘mass-cult’, mass-produced culture which presents a ‘flattened’ version of reality. Adorno worries about the passivity encouraged in viewers. Films are narrative artworks, received by an audience in a context, making the focus on the reception of the work important. The dialogue held between Adorno and Walter Benjamin post-Second World War is interesting because, between them, they consider both the possible positive emancipatory and negative politicization effects of film as a mass produced and distributed storytelling medium. Reading Adorno alongside Benjamin is a way to highlight th...
An icon-based approach to system control development

The implementation of an icon-based manufacturing message specification (MMS) messaging system for system control in a manufacturing automation protocol (MAP environment) is described. The system was designed with a four-layer hierarchy. The top layer acts as a user interface and essentially provides a data manipulation service. The next layer invokes the appropriate firmware calls to manage the communication process. The third layer consists of the firmware that handles the actual transmission of data across the network. The lowest level is the actual network hardware. Twelve MMS services were implemented in order to provide the capability to carry out a typical control session. The system was tested using software that simulates the external communications of an MMS virtual manufacturing device. The LabVIEW MAP environment used imposed at least two limitations on the operation of the system. First, LabVIEW makes no provision for data structures; therefore, each parameter had to be passed from the MMS layer to the code VI layer as a variable of a specific data type. Second, LabVIEW provides no convenient way to maintain global variables throughout a diagram. >
Pied‐Piping: Introducing Two Recent Approaches

The term ‘pied-piping’ is used by linguists to refer to structures where a movement operation applies to a constituent that is in some sense ‘larger than expected’. More precisely, pied-piping occurs when a movement operation that usually targets expressions of a particular type (e.g. wh-words) instead targets a phrase that contains an expression of that type. Pied-piping structures have long been a deep and difficult puzzle for formal syntactic theory. This is the first of two articles that present and compare two recent approaches to pied-piping, those of Cable (2010a,b) and Heck (2008, 2009). These works offer two very different perspectives on the nature of pied-piping, and thus yield rather different analyses of specific sub-phenomena. Nevertheless, there is much overlap in their general predictions and in several core assumptions. In this article, I present the basic phenomenon of pied-piping, as well as general summaries of Cable (2010a,b) and Heck (2008, 2009). I also explain why these works eschew the mechanism of ‘feature percolation’, an operation which has until recently been a staple of much work on pied-piping.
Data-path and memory error compensation technique for low power JPEG implementation

This paper presents a novel technique to mitigate effects of data-path and memory errors in JPEG implementations. These errors are mainly caused by voltage scaling and process variation in scaled technologies. We characterize the data-path and memory errors and derive a probability distribution of the total number of errors. We propose an algorithm-specific technique that corrects most errors after quantization in the JPEG encoder by exploiting the characteristics of the quantized coefficients. The technique achieves high performance with small circuit overhead. Simulation results show that the proposed technique has a PSNR performance degradation of around 1.5 dB compared to the error-free case, and 4 dB improvement compared to the no correction case at compression rate of 0.75 bpp when BER = 10−4.
Towards cardiovascular health.

This paper - in tribute to Martti Karvonen not only as researcher, teacher, organizer, friend, but also as statesman and strategist - focusses on several major contemporary strategic issues central for advancing cardiovascular health. These include: 1. the importance of the North Karelia Project emphasis on mass prevention in the community, for combatting the cardiovascular disease epidemic; 2. the extensive data base for the population-wide strategy for CVD prevention; 3. the important independent contribution of dietary lipid, particularly dietary cholesterol to cardiovascular disease risk; 4. the important role of diet - especially high dietary Na and high dietary Na/K, caloric imbalance with consequent obesity, and heavy alcohol intake - in the causation of the mass occurrence in the population of blood pressure levels above optimal and of frank hypertension; 5. the ability to improve population life styles and patterns of life-style-related risk factors; 6. the relation of improvements in life style and life-style-related risk factors, achieved to date in countries like Finland and the U.S.A., to the declines in cardiovascular disease mortality in these countries.
Profits You Can Trust (a review)

Two accounting professors and an editor at the Harvard Business Review have produced a useful set of guidelines and advice for any board member, trustee, shareholder, or corporate employee interested in the use and misuse of accounting techniques. Profits You Can Trust is worthwhile reading for anyone with a stake in corporate financial reporting.
An examination of the effects of subthalamic nucleus inhibition or μ-opioid receptor stimulation on food-directed motivation in the non-deprived rat.

Abstract The subthalamic nucleus (STN) serves important functions in regulating movement, cognition, and motivation and is connected with cortical and basal ganglia circuits that process reward and reinforcement. In order to further examine the role of the STN on motivation toward food in non-deprived rats, these experiments studied the effects of pharmacological inhibition or μ-opioid receptor stimulation of the STN on the 2-h intake of a sweetened fat diet, the amount of work exerted to earn sucrose on a progressive ratio 2 (PR-2) schedule of reinforcement, and performance on a differential reinforcement of low-rate responding (DRL) schedule for sucrose reward. Separate behavioral groups (N = 6–9) were tested following bilateral inhibition of the STN with the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol (at 0–5 ng/0.5 μl/side) or following μ-opioid receptor stimulation with the agonist D-Ala2, N-MePhe4, Gly-ol-enkephalin (DAMGO; at 0, 0.025 or 0.25 μg/0.5 μl/side). Although STN inhibition increased ambulatory behavior during 2-h feeding sessions, it did not significantly alter intake of the sweetened fat diet. STN inhibition also did not affect the breakpoint for sucrose pellets during a 1-h PR-2 reinforcement schedule or impact the number of reinforcers earned on a 1-h DRL-20 s reinforcement schedule in non-deprived rats. In contrast, STN μ-opioid receptor stimulation significantly increased feeding on the palatable diet and reduced the reinforcers earned on a DRL-20 schedule, although DAMGO microinfusions had no effect on PR-2 performance. These data suggest that STN inhibition does not enhance incentive motivation for food in the absence of food restriction and that STN μ-opioid receptors play an important and unique role in motivational processes.
Reliability and Validity of an Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire

To improve history-taking of infants with suspected gastroesophageal reflux, we developed an Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire consisting of 161 items covering demographics, symptoms (regurgitation, weight deficit, respiratory difficulties, fussiness, apnea, and pain or bleeding of esophagitis), and possible causes (feeding volume and frequency, allergy, infection, colic, central nervous system abnormalities, positioning, and smoke exposure). The questionnaire was completed by primary caretakers of 69 infants aged 1 to 58 weeks suspected of having reflux. Median time to complete the questionnaire was 20 minutes. The median internal consistency of 29 pairs of redundant questions was 0.94. Median test-retest consistency of 110 items for nine respondents was 0.88. Median interobserver consistency, evaluated for 129 items in 35 questionnaires also filled out by secondary caretakers, was 0.85. The median accuracy of four externally validated items was 1.00. This questionnaire can aid pediatricians in making decisions regarding diagnoses and treatment in this common but complex disorder.
The Chiral Plaquette Polaron Paradigm (CPPP) for high temperature cuprate superconductors

A scientific revolution occurred in 1986–1994 in which the Tc for the best superconductors exploded from 23 K (Nb_3Ge) to 138 K (Hg_(0.2)Tl_(0.8)Ba_2Ca_2Cu_3O_(8.33)). Despite enormous effort over the last 21 years, the superconducting mechanism remains unknown. All previous attempts assumed that the doped holes were in the CuO_2 plane. We showed recently with improved quantum mechanics (QM) calculations that the hole is out of the CuO_2 plane and delocalized over four Cu atoms in a square Plaquette that forms the basis of our Chiral Plaquette Polaron Paradigm (CPPP). Here, we show how very simple geometric arguments provide a qualitative understanding of the broad range of cuprate phenomenology. This simple geometric analysis may be useful in guiding the development of materials for improved superconductors. The CPPP suggests that judicious control of the dopant distribution could possibly lead to a room-temperature T_c.
Value-Expressive Volunteer Motivation and Volunteering by Older Adults: Relationships With Religiosity and Spirituality

Objectives. This study in vestigates the interplay among religiosity, spirituality, value-expressive volunteer motivation, and volunteering. We examined religiosity and spirituality as predictors of value-expressive volunteer motivation and volunteering and whether religiosity moderated the relations between (a) spirituality and value-expressive volunteer motivation and (b) value-expressive volunteer motivation and volunteering. Method. After applying multiple imputation procedures to data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study among par ticipants 64–67 years old who survived beyond 2004 (N = 8,148), we carried out regression analyses to predict valueexpressive volunteer motivation and volunteering from religiosity and spirituality controlling for demographic variables, physical, emotional, and cognitive health, health risk behaviors, and personality traits. Results. Both religiosity and spirituality were significant ( p .45). Discussion. Religiosity may provide the way, and value-expressive volunteer motivation the will, to volunteer. The implications of our findings for the forecasted shortage of older volunteers are discussed.
On the importance of claus structures

Abstract It is shown that Claus structures contribute substantially to the π-electron ground states of benzenoid hydrocarbons. The contribution of these structures is the major correction to the contribution of Kekule structures. In the case of naphthalene, three Kekule and two Claus structures contain jointly 93.9% of the π-electron SCF ground state. If instead of Claus structures one considers all singly excited structures (16 structures, including eight Dewar structures), one can recover only 90.2% of this state. Similar results are obtained for anthracene and phenanthrene. These results are obtained within the formalism of the BORT method, with BORT resonance structures defined over orthonormalised atomic orbitais.
The utility of hemodynamic measurements acquired by pulmonary artery catheterization

Abstract Background: Concerns about the utility of pulmonary artery catheters (PAC) stimulated us to assess the impact of one of the parameters measured by the PAC, the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), on our clinical practice. Methods: The PCWP was recorded at 4- to 6-hour intervals on 50 patients for the first 48 hours following aortic aneurysm repair. We then reviewed the patients' records looking for evidence that the PCWP measurements were used to guide therapy. For the purpose of the study, we anticipated the administration of diuretics for PCWP ≥18 mm Hg and volume resuscitation for PCWP ≤8 mm Hg. Data were correlated using Pearson rank correlation coefficient using a P Results: Patients with PCWPs P Conclusions: Data derived from the PAC are infrequently used to guide therapy in patients who undergo abdominal aortic reconstructive surgery.
Pseudocyesis, associated with acquired megacolon.

Summary 1.A case of pseudocyesis, or imaginary pregnancy, is presented, manifesting acquired megacolon. Obstipation with fecal impactions dominated the clinical picture and appeared after the patient's infant was taken from her for adoption procedures. 2.The omission of a listing for pseudocyesis in the Standard Nomenclature, as well as the paucity of recent world literature, are conducive to neglect of a not uncommon condition which is fraught with diagnostic pitfalls. 3.The recent ubiquitous use of tranquilizers (promazine and chlorpromazine), which produce a high incidence of false frog tests for pregnancy, further compounds the clinician's dilemmas and challenges his diagnostic acumen. 4.The subtle pathophysiologic mechanisms of acquired megacolon and pseudocyesis are discussed and require further intensive study.
Stealing from the Poor to Give to the Rich: Why New York Should Abandon Attempts to Collect Fuel Taxes on Reservations

From an author that has spent his entire life living on the fringe of a Western New York Indian reservation, this article examines the dramatic economic and social impacts that the enforcement of state taxes on reservation fuel sales will have on the already impoverished Upstate New York Indians. The article begins with an examination of the reservations themselves, detailing both the geographic and economic characteristics of New York reservations. Next, the article examines New York's authority, under not-so-convincing court precedent, to impose sales and excise taxes on fuel sold on reservations. Then, the article explains the flaws of recent proposed legislation that would have, perhaps unconstitutionally, imposed taxes on reservation sales. The article concludes with an explanation of the reliance market theory, which is specific to the small scale economic effects of non-enforcement on reservations, and with a plea to New York voters to voice their opposition to recent attempts to enforce taxes on reservations.
Prefractionation of Intact Proteins by Reversed-Phase and Anion-Exchange Chromatography for the Differential Proteomic Analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The need for multidimensional separations for bottom-up proteomic analyses has been well demonstrated by many over the past decade. The vast majority of reported approaches has focused primarily on improving the separation once the sample has already been digested. The work presented in this study shows an improvement in multidimensional approaches by prefractionation of intact proteins prior to digestion and separation of the peptides. Two modes of intact protein separation were compared, anion-exchange and reversed-phase, to assess the utility of each mode for the purpose of fractionation. Each of the samples was then enzymatically digested and analyzed by RP-UPLC-MS(E). To assess the validity of each approach, baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was grown on two different carbon sources, glycerol and dextrose. More proteins were identified by the reversed-phase prefractionation approach (546) than were found by the anion-exchange method (262). As a result, there was much greater coverage of the metabolic pathways of interest for the reversed-phase method than for the anion-exchange method.
Natural Law and Unnatural Families in Martineau's Illustrations of Political Economy

In “Weal and Woe in Garveloch,” the sixth tale in Harriet Martineau's 1832–34 series Illustrations of Political Economy,1 two women in a Scottish fishing village discuss population control. Prosper...
Low-frequency stimulation of group III and IV hind limb afferents evokes reflex pressor responses in decerebrate rats.

Contraction of freely perfused hind limb muscles in decerebrate rats evokes the exercise pressor reflex, resulting in sympathetic activation and increased blood pressure. This reflex is propagated along mechanically sensitive group III and metabolically sensitive group IV afferent nerve fibers. Recent research by our laboratory has focused on the exaggeration of the exercise pressor reflex in decerebrate rats with simulated peripheral artery disease, which was induced by ligating the femoral artery for 72 h before the start of the experiment. Recently, we showed that ligating the femoral artery increased the responses of single fiber group III and IV triceps surae muscle afferents to static contraction. The objective of this study was to determine if electrical stimulation of group III and IV afferents at frequencies approximating those occurring during static contraction was capable of reflexively increasing arterial blood pressure. We directly stimulated muscle afferents in the absence of muscle contraction for both freely perfused and ligated rats. We established 0.25 Hz as the minimal stimulation frequency to observe a sustained blood pressure response. The blood pressure response increased in a graded fashion as both stimulus frequency and motor threshold were increased. Additionally, we observed similar blood pressure responses from both freely perfused and ligated rats, suggesting that spinal and medullary processing of group III and IV afferent input plays no role in augmenting the pressor response to contraction caused by femoral artery ligation.
709. rAAV-Mediated Regulation of Striatal Nurr1 Expression Alters Development and Severity of Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesias in the 6-OHDA Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease

Primary motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease arise due to a loss of dopaminergic innervation in the striatum. Treatment with levodopa (L-DOPA) is the current gold standard treatment for the motor symptoms that arise in PD due to dopamine (DA) depletion. However, a large portion of patients receiving L-DOPA treatment develop a series of debilitating hyperkinetic and dystonic movements known as L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias (LIDs). The molecular mechanisms behind LID development are unclear, as well as why some patients are resistant to LIDs and never acquire these symptoms. In an attempt to identify transcriptional differences between LID responders and LID non-responders in the rat parkinsonian 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model, we performed a full genome array to identify differential transcript expression between these two groups. The orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 was one transcript that was expressed at significantly higher levels—greater than 30 fold—in LID+ animals when compared to LID- animals. In the current study we sought to determine whether Nurr1 expression both promotes, and is required for, LID formation.Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were rendered parkinsonian using6-OHDA. Animals that did not show a difference in paw use compared to a pre-lesion state were removed from the study one month later. At this time, remaining animals received a striatal injection of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) type 2/5 overexpressing either: 1) Nurr1 (or GFP as a control)(5×1013 vector genomes (vg)/ml) in order to test whether Nurr1 overexpression causes LIDs or 2) A shRNA targeting Nurr1 (or a titer-matched scrambled shRNA control)(2×1013 vg/ml) in order to test whether Nurr1 is required for LIDs. Four weeks following the vector injection, animals received escalating doses (0mg/kg – 24mg.kg) of L-DOPA every other day (M-Fr), and were evaluated for LIDs at 25 min intervals for 2-4 hours using the abnormal involuntary movement (AIM) rating scale. At doses equal to or exceeding 12mg/kg, Nurr1 overexpressing animals exhibited both more severe and longer lasting LIDs than their rAAV-GFP control counterparts. Conversely, dyskinesias were attenuated in animals receiving Nurr1-shRNA up to 18mg/kg of L-DOPA. In addition, postmortem analysis of striatal tissue revealed that the overexpression of the Nurr1 shRNA effectively inhibited the induction of L-DOPA induced Nurr1.These results demonstrate that overexpression of Nurr1 in the DA-depleted striatum of parkinsonian rats has a causative role in the expression of LIDs. Further, our data show that Nurr1 silencing in the striatum effectively inhibits the LID development. These data suggest that the maladaptive upregulation of Nurr1 in striatal neurons is a core event in the formation of LIDs. Consequently, targeting striatal Nurr1 activity may represent a novel therapeutic modality in the treatment of LIDs.
NKX2.5 mutations in patients with congenital heart disease.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to estimate the frequency of NKX2.5 mutations in specific cardiovascular anomalies and investigate genotype-phenotype correlations in individuals with NKX2.5 mutations. BACKGROUND Recent reports have implicated mutations in the transcription factor NKX2.5 as a cause of various congenital heart defects (CHD). METHODS We tested genomic deoxyribonucleic acid from 608 prospectively recruited patients with conotruncal anomalies (n = 370), left-sided lesions (n = 160), secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) (n = 71), and Ebstein's malformation (n = 7) for NKX2.5 mutations. RESULTS Twelve distinct mutations in the NKX2.5 coding region were identified in 18 of 608 patients (3%), including 9 of 201 (4%) with tetralogy of Fallot, 3 of 71 (4%) with a secundum ASD, one each with truncus arteriosus, double-outlet right ventricle, L-transposition of the great arteries, interrupted aortic arch, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, and aortic coarctation, but in no patients with D-transposition of the great arteries (n = 86) or valvar aortic stenosis (n = 21). Eleven of the mutations were amino acid-altering missense nucleotide substitutions or deletions, and one was predicted to cause premature termination of translation. None of the mutations were in the homeodomain. Sixteen of the 18 individuals with NKX2.5 mutations in this study had no family history of congenital cardiovascular anomalies, and one had first-degree atrioventricular (AV) block. CONCLUSIONS NKX2.5 mutations occur in a small percentage of patients with various CHD. Most of the mutations identified in this study were missense, outside the homeodomain, and not associated with AV block. These findings suggest that NKX2.5 mutations in non-homeodomain regions may be important in the development of human structural cardiac defects.
Impact of human CA8 on thermal antinociception in relation to morphine equivalence in mice.

Recently, we showed that murine dorsal root ganglion (DRG) Car8 expression is a cis-regulated eQTL that determines analgesic responses. In this report, we show that transduction through sciatic nerve injection of DRG with human wild-type carbonic anhydrase-8 using adeno-associated virus viral partic
Superluminal plasmons with resonant gain in population inverted bilayer graphene

AB-stacked bilayer graphene with a tunable electronic band gap in excess of the optical phonon energy presents an interesting active medium, and we consider such a theoretical possibility in this Rapid Communication. We argue the possibility of a highly resonant optical gain in the vicinity of the asymmetry gap. Associated with this resonant gain are strongly amplified plasmons, plasmons with negative group velocity and superluminal effects, as well as directional leaky modes.
Sports, Athletes, and Asthma Winning the Game with Asthma

Asthma, a chronic, usually reversible illness marked by episodes of bronchoconstriction and airways inflammation, would appear, on its face, to be a major enemy of athletic competition. The experience of any number of adults today, particularly those recalling a childhood marked by episodes of asthma, might well flag caution or avoidance of athletics for themselves and their asthmatic offspring. Some physicians, teachers, and coaches, on encountering people with asthma, might choose (either out of expediency or a fear of adverse consequences) to direct them to more sedentary activities or become spectators.
Agrobacterium -Mediated Transformation of Maize ( Zea mays ) Immature Embryos

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation is one of the most efficient and simple gene delivery systems for genetic improvement and biology studies in maize. This system has become more widely used by both public and private laboratories. However, transformation efficiencies vary greatly from laboratory to laboratory for the same genotype. Here, we illustrate our advanced Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method in Hi-II maize using simple binary vectors. The protocol utilizes immature embryos as starting explants and the bar gene as a selectable marker coupled with bialaphos as a selective agent. The protocol offers efficient transformation results with high reproducibility, provided that some experimental conditions are well controlled. This transformation method, with minor modifications, can be also employed to transform certain maize inbreds.
Your Cyber Security

June Klein's Cybersecurity Interview pinpoints: $1 trillion just allocated to illicit cyber activities which is the greatest wealth transfer ever. This means to you: ripe time to be part of a "capital event" from an innovative cybersecurity solution. June's chapter includes methodology to deal with cyberhygiene to cyberidentity and cybercrime to cyberwarfare. "Your Cyber Security" adds value by also including complementary resources: June's cybersecurity dashboard with tutorial and 22 realtime feeds; Cyber Planning Tool for small biz; Public version of Cybersecurity lite Software for your systems from US gov't. This is your reference book from experts covering diverse areas that make up your life in your complex, changing, blended world.
Language of Discovery

Discovery, as a public attribution, and discovering, the act of conducting research, are experiences that entail “languaging” the unknown. This distinguishing property of language ‐ its ability to bring forth, out of the unspoken realm, new knowledge, original ideas, and novel thinking – is essential to the discovery process. In sharing their ideas and views, scientists create co‐negotiated linguistic distinctions that prompt the revision of established mental maps and the adoption of new ones. While scientific mastery entails command of the conversational domain unique to a specific discipline, there is an emerging conversational domain that must be mastered that goes beyond the language unique to any particular specialty. Mastery of this new conversational domain gives researchers access to their hidden mental maps that limit their ways of thinking about and doing science. The most effective scientists use language to recontextualize their approach to problem‐solving, which triggers new insights (previously unavailable) that result in new discoveries. While language is not a replacement for intuition and other means of knowing, when we try to understand what’s outside of language we have to use language to do so.
Athermal echelle grating filter in silicon-on-insulator using a temperature-synchronized input

Athermal design of integrated photonic devices can reduce the need for active temperature stabilization and consequently the energy required to operate photonic integrated circuits. For silicon photonic filters such as AWGs which employ wire or ridge waveguides, temperature insensitivity can be achieved using cladding materials with negative thermo-optic coefficients. On the other hand, in echelle grating filters the inteference takes place in the slab free-propagation region, and therefore the modal overlap with the cladding is small, rendering this method ineffective. In this work we present an approach to design an athermal echelle grating filter exploiting a temperature-synchronized Mach-Zehnder interferometer as input. This reduces the spectral shift over a temperature range of 20 K to less than ±45 pm compared to the 1.6 nm shift for the same echelle grating with a conventional waveguide input. Furthermore, the proposed design relies exclusively on a standard fabrication process for silicon-on-insulator photonic devices and exhibits a good tolerance to fabrication uncertainties.
Non-linear, time dependent target accuracy assessment algorithm for multi-physics, high dimensional nuclear reactor calculations

Abstract Safety analysis and design optimization depend on the accurate prediction of various reactor core responses. Model predictions can be enhanced by reducing the uncertainty associated with the responses of interest. Accordingly, an inverse problem analysis can be designed to provide guidance to determine the optimum experimental program to reduce the uncertainties in model parameters, e.g. cross-sections and fuel pellet-clad thermal conductivity, so as to reduce the uncertainties in constrained reactor core responses. This process is referred to as target accuracy assessment. In this work a nonlinear algorithm to determine an optimum experimental program has been developed and tested. The algorithm is based on the construction of surrogate model to replace the original model used to predict the core responses and uncertainties, therefore, enabling the target accuracy assessment to treat non-linearity within reasonable computational cost. Subspace based projection techniques are used to identify the influential degrees of freedom, which are then used to construct the surrogate model. Once constructed, the new computationally efficient surrogate model is used to propagate uncertainties via Monte Carlo sampling. Moreover, this work replaces the classical objective function used for nuclear data target accuracy assessment with another that factors in the financial gains of the target accuracy assessment results and replaces [or can supplement] differential experiments with many times more readily available integral experiments. Finally, the proposed algorithm is applied on a 3-dimensional fuel assembly depletion problem with thermal-hydraulics feedback using the VERA-CS core simulator. Specifically, CASL Progression Problem Number 6 is the illustrative problem employed which resembles a pressurized water reactor fuel assembly.
Abstract P4-10-21: Utility of HER2 IHC intensity in selecting areas for FISH testing in equivocal (2+) cases

Intro: The 2018 ASCO/CAP HER2 guidelines eliminated the equivocal category for in situ hybridization (ISH). Additional workup is recommended for definitive classification of tumors that are sorted into ISH groups 2, 3 or 4. Evaluation of HER2 IHC using sections from the same tissue sample used for ISH is recommended to guide the selection of areas to score by ISH. Here we seek to evaluate the utility of selecting the area for ISH testing in IHC equivocal (2+) cases based on the staining intensity of the IHC staining. Methods: A total of 66 cases with equivocal HER2 IHC (2+) and reflexed to FISH were prospectively collected from 8/22/18 to 6/26/2019. The areas of most and least intense HER2 IHC staining were separately identified and scored by FISH. The mean HER2:CEP17 ratio and mean HER2 signals/tumor cell were calculated for both populations and statistical significance was evaluated using the Wilcoxon Ranked Sum test. Results: The distribution of the high intensity area was 58 ISH group 5, 4 ISH group 4, and 8 ISH group 1. The distribution of the low intensity area was 51 ISH group 5, 9 ISH group 4, 2 ISH group 2, and 5 ISH group 5. In the high and low intensity areas, 59 of 66 (95.5%) cases sorted into the same ISH group and 7 (10.6%) sorted into different ISH groups. Of these 7, 3 (4.5%) had different final FISH categorizations. All 3 cases were ISH Group 1 (amplified) in the high intensity area and ISH group 2, 4 or 5 (not amplified in the absence of 3+ IHC) in the low intensity area. The other 4 cases with different ISH groups did not have different final HER2 categorizations. The mean HER2/CEP17 ratios for the high and low intensity areas were 1.50 and 1.39 (p = 0.075). There was no statistically significant difference in mean HER2 copy number for the high and low intensity areas (p = 0.92). Discussion: When areas with high and low HER2 IHC intensity were compared, there was a small difference in the mean HER2:CEP17 ratio with a trend toward statistical significance. However, the absolute difference in the means was small (0.11) and only a minority of cases (4.5%) showed discordant final HER2 categorization between the two groups. All of the cases with discordant HER2 categorization were amplified (ISH Group 1) in the IHC high intensity area and not amplified (ISH Groups 2, 4 and 5) in the low intensity area. The data suggests that using HER2 IHC to guide selection of areas for ISH testing may identify amplified tumors (or clones) in a minority of cases (4.5%). Additional analysis of a larger number of cases is required to validate these findings. Citation Format: Johann D Hertel, Kathleen A Kaiser-Rogers, Siobhan O9Connor, Benjamin Calhoun. Utility of HER2 IHC intensity in selecting areas for FISH testing in equivocal (2+) cases [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-10-21.
Persistence of Increased Type-1 Alloeffector CD4+ T Cell Responses from ACR into CLAD in Lung Transplant Recipients

Purpose Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) significantly limits long-term survival in lung transplant recipients (LTRs) and episodes of acute cellular rejection (ACR) are the major risk factor for CLAD. To study the immune mechanisms leading to ACR/CLAD, we have characterized donor-specific alloreactive effector lung T (bronchoalveolar lavage; BAL) cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) via indirect/direct allorecognition responses in LTRs with/without histologic evidence of ACR and into those who developed CLAD. Understanding these mechanisms may lead to new therapies to prevent CLAD. Methods To assess alloeffector T cell responses from LTRs cells in BAL and PBMC, we used an ex vivo flow cytometric assay and donor alloantigen. LTRs with/without ACR (median 4 months), and a subset who developed CLAD (median 20 months) were studied. The effector responses (IFN-γ, TNF-α, CD107a, IL-17a, IL-13, IL-2 and the costimulation surface molecule, CD154) to donor alloantigen were measured using either donor lysate or irradiated cells in a 6 h in vitro re-stimulation assay. We also used single cell RNAseq analysis to analyze the transcriptome in response to alloantigen in isolated BAL T cells from LTRs with CLAD. Results The predominant BAL alloeffector responses during active ACR were similar between CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, with a Type-1 effector profile and IFN-γ responses predominant. The CD4+ T cells alloeffector responses were higher in BAL>PBMC (p Conclusion Type-1 alloeffector responses during ACR are similar between CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, with the latter predominant in BAL. Progression into CLAD is associated with persistently elevated CD4+ alloeffector responses with a potential cytotoxic CD4+ subset playing an important role.
Supporting Positive Peer Social Interactions and Healthy Relationships

This chapter addresses the social interaction and relationship needs of students with disability in early childhood and school settings. The need for social interaction is universal.
Efficient Second Harmonic Generation in GaAs-on-Insulator Waveguides

Second-harmonic generation is demonstrated with 38 W−1 conversion efficiency in a single-pass waveguide. A highly uniform wafer-scale process is used to fabricate these devices, which are suitable for frequency-comb stabilization.
Mental Models of a Mobile Shoe Rack

Most people do not have direct access to knowledge about the inner workings of robots. Instead, they must develop mental models of the robot, a process that is not well understood. This article pre...
Do Speculators Exacerbate Managerial Myopia? Evidence from Margin Traders in China

This paper exploits a regulatory experiment that lifts the margin trading ban in China to examine the real effects of speculative retail investors. Using a regression discontinuity design, I find that margin trading eligibility causes an increase in share turnover and stock prices, and that marginable firms cater to investor short-termism by manipulating earnings and reducing long-term investment. Consistent with managerial myopia, marginable firms experience a decline in operating profit and equity valuation in the long run. My results suggest that margin traders, as short-term speculators, pressure the manager to focus on current earnings and sacrifice long-term growth.
The invisible future: the seamless integration of technology into everyday life

Funding the future - the third wave of the computing revolution flesh and machines don't count society out the rise and fall of Turing-Church's thesis moving design to the other side of the screen one is glad to be of service a compass for computing's future an IT profession the unfinished revolution in design lifestreams at the interface the end of career somatics in cyberspace will computer programs write beautiful music? free market electrical network management engineering in the future depends on future engineers the computer revolution hasn't happened yet why we will spend most of our time in virtual reality in the 21st century beyond Jules Verne - ocean exploration for the 21st century life after Internet ambient intelligence when our environment becomes really smart science's endless golden age.
Sensitivity analysis of the static aeroelastic response of a wing

A technique to obtain the sensitivity of the static aeroelastic response of a three dimensional wing model is designed and implemented. The formulation is quite general and accepts any aerodynamic and structural analysis capability. A program to combine the discipline level, or local, sensitivities into global sensitivity derivatives is developed. A variety of representations of the wing pressure field are developed and tested to determine the most accurate and efficient scheme for representing the field outside of the aerodynamic code. Chebyshev polynomials are used to globally fit the pressure field. This approach had some difficulties in representing local variations in the field, so a variety of local interpolation polynomial pressure representations are also implemented. These panel based representations use a constant pressure value, a bilinearly interpolated value. or a biquadraticallv interpolated value. The interpolation polynomial approaches do an excellent job of reducing the numerical problems of the global approach for comparable computational effort. Regardless of the pressure representation used. sensitivity and response results with excellent accuracy have been produced for large integrated quantities such as wing tip deflection and trim angle of attack. The sensitivities of such things as individual generalized displacements have been found with fair accuracy. In general, accuracy is found to be proportional to the relative size of the derivatives to the quantity itself.
Driving-Behavior Monitoring Using an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS)

Abnormal driving behaviors have been used as cues to identify Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) drivers and prevent DWI-related accidents. Currently law enforcement officials rely on visual observation for detecting such behaviors and identify potentially DWI drivers. This approach however, is subject to human error and limited to vehicles in a very small region. To overcome these limitations, we propose to use an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) for driving-behavior monitoring to prevent accidents and promote highway safety. A high-resolution optical camera on the UAS is used to capture the movement of vehicles on the road. The vehicle trajectories are tracked from the captured videos to identify the misbehaviors. This allows for a quicker response time from law enforcement. A risk model is also developed for analyzing the severity of misbehaviors while providing a basis to take appropriate action to reduce dangerous activity. We developed a UAS prototype to showcase the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed system. It was demonstrated that dangerous driving activity on highways can be effectively and timely detected and analyzed.
On ripple dynamics: II. A corrected dispersion relation for surface waves in the presence of surface elasticity

Abstract Previously developed mathematical models of capillary waves in the presence of surface-dilatational elasticity include the possibility of an unrealistic growth of potential flow with depth. By reformulating the potential-flow function our corrected mathematical model eliminates physically unrealistic modes of a liquid surface, and in so doing automatically allows wave propagation in both the positive and the negative x direction. It predicts only modes whose existence has been experimentally confirmed, namely the Laplace mode (derived from the surface-normal stress balance) and the Marangoni mode (derived from the surface-tangential stress balance).
Role of the unstirred layer in protecting the murine gastric mucosa from bile salt

Abstract Bile salts disrupt a functional gastric mucosal barrier which normally minimizes back-diffusion of H + into mucosa. Our previous studies have shown that ionized bile salts disrupt the barrier to H + by dissolving membrane lipids. The presence of an unstirred water layer on the surface of the gastric mucosa could protect against bile salt injury either by creating a concentration gradient of bile salt from lumen to mucosal surface or by slowing diffusion of lipid-laden mixed micelles away from the mucosal surface. In the present study we investigated this possibility in the anesthetized rat. Measurements of H + back-diffusion and Na + forward-diffusion across the gastric mucosa were made before and after exposure to a bile salt solution that was either unmixed or mixed by continuous withdrawal and injection. Using carbon monoxide diffusion, we observed this method of mixing to decrease the unstirred layer thickness from 880 to 448 μm (p + back-diffusion induced by a 10 mM mixture of six conjugated bile salts from −2.58 to −4.11 μEq/min (p + from 1.81 to 3.27 μEq/min (p
Model for an extra phonon mode in La2CuO4 and La2NiO4

Phonon dispersion curves for two-dimensional analogs of ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ and ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{NiO}}_{4}$ are modeled by adding a scalar degree of freedom to mimic a low-lying charge-fluctuation mode. The resulting model bears a close resemblance to the ``extra phonon mode'' seen in neutron scattering by Pintschovius et al. In particular, the mode is invisible to neutrons at Q=0 because scalar symmetry prevents admixture with vibrational modes at Q=0. Possible interpretations of this new mode are suggested.
Chapter 38 – The 901 series of high incidence antigens

Publisher Summary The 901 series of high incidence antigens occur in greater than 90% of people, but have no known alleles and cannot be placed in a blood group system or collection. This chapter discusses the terminology, history, occurrence, expression, and clinical significance of Vel antigen, Lan antigen, Ata antigen, Jra antigen, Emm antigen, AnWj antigen, Sda antigen, Duclos antigen, PEL antigen, ABTI antigen, and MAM antigen. The in vitro characteristics of alloanti-Vel, alloanti-Lan, alloanti-Ata, alloanti-Jra, alloanti-Emm, alloanti-AnWj, and alloanti-Sda are presented. The effects of enzymes/chemicals on Duclos antigen, PEL antigen, and ABTI antigen, on intact RBCs are also discussed.