cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Problem-Oriented Instruction as a Predictor of Success in Early Psychiatric Interviewing

Of 77 second-year medical students, the 27 who were randomly assigned to problem-oriented instruction (POI) in interviewing skills rated themselves as better prepared and more successful in interviews of psychiatric patients, compared with students receiving lecture only or no classroom instruction in interviewing skills. POI-trained students also rated themselves as better in focusing on nonverbal aspects, effective questioning, and exploring feelings. The POI involved hierarchically organized, skills-focused role-plays in which students rotated through the roles of “doctor,” “patient,” and “observer.” The method enhances the similarity between the instructional environment during training and the problem-solving processes necessary at the time of transfer to a new problem. Supervisors who observed the interview did not rate the three groups differently on interviewing skills.
Aging and cancer: the double-edged sword of replicative senescence

Normal cells do not divide indefinitely. This trait, termed the finite replicative life span of cells, limits the capacity for cell division by a process termed cellular or replicative senescence. Replicative senescence is thought to be a tumor suppression mechanism and also a contributor to organismic aging. This article reviews what is known about the genetics and molecular biology of cell senescence. It discusses the evidence that replicative senescence suppresses tumorigenesis, at least in young organisms, and that it also contributes to the aging of mitotic tissues. Finally, it puts forth the somewhat unorthodox view that, in older organisms, senescent cells may actually contribute to carcinogenesis.
On the additivity of ohmic and space charge limited currents

Abstract The current density is calculated for the case where both ohmic and space charge limited (SCL) contributions are important. It is shown that, although the actual current is less than the sum of the currents which would be obtained individually from the ohmic or SCL conduction mechanisms, the error involved in assuming their additivity is not large.
Smoking, Alcohol Intake, Estrogen Use, and Age-related Macular Degeneration in Latinos: The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study

Purpose To assess the association between smoking, alcohol intake, estrogen use, and both early age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (soft indistinct drusen, retinal pigment abnormalities) and advanced AMD (exudative AMD, geographic atrophy) in the Latino community. Design Population-based, cross-sectional study. Methods Complete ophthalmic examination included stereoscopic macular photographs graded with a modified Wisconsin Age-related Maculopathy Grading System. A history of smoking, alcohol intake, and exogenous estrogen use was obtained by interview. Logistic regression was performed, and odds ratios (OR) were calculated with each AMD lesion as a dependent variable. Results There were 5875 participants (92.4%) with gradable photographs. Having ever smoked was associated with a higher risk of having advanced AMD (OR, 2.4). Heavy consumption of alcohol (>5 drinks per session) was significantly associated with a greater risk of having exudative AMD (OR, 5.8) and geographic atrophy (OR, 12.7) Beer drinking was associated with a higher risk of having advanced AMD (OR, 2.9), whereas wine drinking appeared to be protective for increased retinal pigment (OR, 0.7). Exogenous estrogen use also appeared to be protective from soft indistinct drusen (OR, 0.5) and increased retinal pigment (OR, 0.6), but power was limited in the assessment of its association with advanced AMD. Conclusion Smoking and heavy alcohol consumption, particularly beer, was associated with a greater risk of having advanced AMD; exogenous estrogen use appeared to have a weak protective effect in Latino participants. Similar modifiable risk factors have been identified previously in non-Hispanic white patients, which suggests that common pathogenic mechanisms may be associated with AMD in persons of different ethnicities.
High-Throughput Analysis of Concentration-Dependent Antibody Self-Association

Monoclonal antibodies are typically monomeric and nonviscous at low concentrations, yet they display highly variable associative and viscous behavior at elevated concentrations. Although measurements of antibody self-association are critical for understanding this complex behavior, traditional biophysical methods are not capable of characterizing such concentration-dependent self-association in a high-throughput manner. Here we describe a nanoparticle-based method, termed self-interaction nanoparticle spectroscopy, that is capable of rapidly measuring concentration-dependent self-interactions for three human monoclonal antibodies with unique solution behaviors. We demonstrate that gold nanoparticles conjugated with antibodies at low protein concentrations (<40 μg/mL) display self-association behavior (as measured by the interparticle distance-dependent plasmon wavelength) that is well correlated with static light-scattering measurements obtained at three orders of magnitude higher antibody concentrations. Using this methodology, we find that the antibodies display a complex pH-dependent self-association behavior that is strongly influenced by the solution ionic strength. Importantly, we find that a polyclonal human antibody is nonassociative for all solution conditions evaluated in this work, suggesting that antibody self-association is more specific than previously realized. We expect that our findings will guide rational manipulation of antibody phase behavior, and enable studies that elucidate sequence and structural determinants of antibody self-association.
Abnormal fatty alcohol metabolism in cultured keratinocytes from patients with Sjögren-Larsson syndrome.

Sjogren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is an inherited neurocutaneous disorder characterized by ichthyosis, mental retardation, spasticity, and deficient activity of fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH). FALDH is an enzyme component of fatty alcohol:NAD oxidoreductase (FAO), which is necessary for fatty alcohol metabolism. To better understand the biochemical basis for the cutaneous symptoms in this disease, we investigated lipid metabolism in cultured keratinocytes from SLS patients. Enzyme activities of FALDH and FAO in SLS cells were <10% of normal. SLS keratinocytes accumulated 45-fold more fatty alcohol (hexadecanol, octadecanol, and octadecenol) than normal, whereas wax esters and 1-O-alkyl-2,3-diacylglycerols were increased by 5.6-fold and 7.5-fold, respectively. SLS keratinocytes showed a reduced incorporation of radioactive octadecanol into fatty acid (24% of normal) and triglyceride (13% of normal), but incorporation into wax esters and 1-O-alkyl-2,3-diacylglycerol was increased by 2.5-fold and 2.8-fold, respectively. Our results indicate that FALDH deficiency in SLS keratinocytes causes the accumulation and diversion of fatty alcohol into alternative biosynthetic pathways. The striking lipid abnormalities in cultured SLS keratinocytes are distinct from those seen in fibroblasts and may be related to the stratum corneum dysfunction and ichthyosis in SLS.
Band structure parameters of wurtzite and zinc-blende GaAs under strain in the GW approximation

Quasiparticle self-consistent GW calculations are used to study the band structure in wurtzite and zinc-blende GaAs. The band-gap change between wurtzite and zinc blende is found to be sensitive to lattice constant and $k$-point convergence of the GW self-energy. Furthermore, the conduction-band minimum can switch between ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{1}$ and ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{3}$ character as a function of strain and the valence-band maximum can cross over from ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{5}$ to ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{1}$ under compressive uniaxial strain. The Kohn-Luttinger and Rashba-Sheka-Pikus effective Hamiltonian band structure parameters of zinc-blende and wurtzite GaAs, respectively, are determined from these first-principles band structure calculations. The uniaxial and homogeneous strain dependence of the band structure are studied and summarized in the appropriate strain deformation potential parameters.
Influence of Fat Intake and Caloric Restriction on Bone in Aging Male Rats

Caloric and fat intake may have important skeletal consequences. To evaluate this possibility, skeletal effects of adult-onset caloric restriction (CR) at differing fat intakes were assessed in male Lobund-Wistar rats. At age 17 months, two groups of animals received an anti-obesity diet, restricted approximately 35% from individual ad libitum baseline calorie consumption, and two groups received a diet approximately 50% restricted. Dietary fat concentrations were 5, 15, 15, and 25% by weight, respectively. At ages 20, 24, 28, 30, and 32 months, ex vivo femoral bone densitometry and serum biochemical analyses were performed. Body weight (BW) decreased with time on CR in each group (p < .005), declining faster at the more severe restriction (p = .001). Femoral bone mineral contents (BMC) were also reduced. After adjusting for bone area and BW differences among groups, the only significant difference was a reduction in distal femur BMC in the 25% fat group subjected to more severe CR (p = .02). No differences were observed in serum parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphorus, or creatinine. Femoral bone loss occurred with CR. This was entirely accounted for by reduction in BW. Higher dietary fat content did not affect BW in CR animals, but did result in lower distal femur BMC.
Turkey's New Foreign Policy and the Future of Turkey–EU Relations

Turkey is not ‘drifting’ towards the east. It is in search of a new place and a new identity, given the many changes that have taken place in the domestic and international contexts, particularly since the end of the Cold War. This complex process of transformation does not in itself challenge Turkey's Western orientation, but it certainly puts it to the test. It is time for the debate on Turkey's drift to be replaced by a more serious and fruitful one on the reasons why Turkey is still important for the EU and the West and what Europe and the West mean for and can offer contemporary Turkey.
Shell model with realistic forces: spectra and the effects of correlations in A = 6 nuclei

Abstract Correlated wave functions that describe the motion of two nucleons outside an inert core are found by solving the coupled integro-differential equations describing the shell-model problem. The eigenvalues that emerge from the solution of this problem give the two-particle interaction energies relative to the closed shell, and the eigenfunctions contain all possible two-particle correlations that arise from exciting valence nucleons to states outside the Fermi sea. The theory is applied to 6 Li, and reasonable agreement with experiment is found when the Hamada-Johnston potential is used for the residual two-body force. The quantities compared with experiment are level scheme, E2 transition rates, M1 transition rates, and in 6 Be, the Coulomb energy of the two valence nucleons. It is argued that better agreement with experiment would emerge if the tensor component of the Hamada-Johnston potential were weakened. The variation of the effective-interaction matrix elements with both the single-particle level scheme and the oscillator constant ħω is examined. This approach is shown to be equivalent to a reformulation of the Bloch-Horowitz theory in which not only the “model-space” states but also all other states allowed by the exclusion principle are treated on an equal footing.
Infrared scene modeling in emissive, absorptive, and multiple scattering atmospheres

The presence of an intervening atmosphere can affect the underlying background signature in at least two important ways; 1) by modification of the thermal energy reaching the surface and thus a change in the energy balance driving the dynamics of the underlying thermal scene, and 2) by modification of the propagated signal reaching some specified sensor. Both are described to some extent in the SPIE handbooks. The most obvious effect is that due to direct beam extinction which, in all cases, leads to a reduction of the transmitted thermal energy. This component of the total signal is readily calculated using the well- known Beer's Law, provided that the infrared optical thickness of the intervening atmospheric path is known. In the real atmosphere, however, this effect is indirectly counterbalanced by the effects of multiple scattering and thermal emission which generally gives rise to an enhancement of the thermal energy and is usually more difficult to calculate especially for the case of an aerosol laden or dirty atmosphere. In this paper we build on our previous work by incorporating the enhanced radiation as it affects the sensed background scene using a recently developed aerosol emissivity model, PILOT81, integrated with the U.S. Army COMBIC model using the discrete Gaussian cloud formation.
Enhanced appetitive discrimination learning in rats treated with -methyltyrosine.

Thirty-two male albino rats were trained on a black-white discrimination for water reward. Forty-eight hours later, half were tested for memory of the task and the other half trained on a reversal. Subjects received α-methyltyrosine (α-MT), an inhibitor of catecholamine (CA) biosynthesis, by multiple i.p. injections of 50 mg/kg, before the training session, before the testing or reversal, before both, or before neither. Data analysis showed that drugged rats learned the black-white discrimination in fewer trials (p<0.0005), but had longer latencies (p<0.0005). These data are contrasted to α-MT depression of the conditioned avoidance response (CAR), and the difference attributed to the role of CA in motor ability and in attention.
A citrus extract plus ascorbic acid decreases lipids, lipid peroxides, lipoprotein oxidative susceptibility, and atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic hamsters.

A citrus extract containing flavonoids and ascorbic acid was used as a supplement to investigate its effect on lipids in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. Ascorbic acid or the flavonoids were without effect except that ascorbate did significantly raise HDL. After 1 month of feeding, the citrus extract plus ascorbic acid synergistically caused a significant reduction of 77%, 66%, and 40% in plasma total cholesterol, LDL + VLDL, and triglycerides, respectively, in comparison to the control group. The extract was also a synergistic inhibitor of in vitro cupric ion LDL + VLDL oxidation compared with ascorbic acid or the flavonoids alone. In a second 10-week hamster study, citrus extract plus ascorbate also significantly lowered plasma lipids, lipid peroxides, and ex vivo LDL + VLDL oxidizability vs a control group. Citrus extract plus ascorbate strongly inhibited atherosclerosis, and there was a significant correlation between several indices of oxidative susceptibility and atherosclerosis. Keywords: Lipids; ath...
The Economics of Marek's Disease Control in the United States

A vaccine for the control of Marek's disease, a disease causing severe losses in poultry worldwide, was developed and made available for national use in the United States in 1971. This paper examin...
An overview of our current understanding of the physical interactions between the sea- and land-breeze and the coastal waters

Abstract This paper overviews the modes of interaction between coastal waters and the sea- and land-breeze circulations. It is concluded that, for most situations, the major influence of this mesoscale atmospheric circulation on coastal waters is the wind stress exerted on the water affecting currents and vertical turbulent mixing, whereas the dominant effect of the coastal waters on the sea- and land-breezes is the establishment of a horizontal temperature gradient which generates local atmospheric wind circulations. The conservation laws for each system are also briefly summarized as is the physical mechanism which generates the sea- and land-breezes. The effects of oil spills on the interaction is discussed and questions are raised which need further study. It is concluded that investigators of this ocean—atmosphere interaction must be knowledgeable in meteorology, as well as in oceanography and limnology.
Global Shakespeares as Methodology

Having reached a critical mass of participants, performances and the study of Shakespeare in different cultural contexts are changing how we think about globalization. The idea of global Shakespeares has caught on because of site-specific imaginations involving early modern and modern Globe theatres that aspired to perform the globe. Seeing global Shakespeares as a methodology rather than as appendages of colonialism, as political rhetorics, or as centerpieces in a display of exotic cultures situates us in a postnational space that is defined by fluid cultural locations rather than by nation-states. This framework helps us confront archival silences in the record of globalization, understand the spectral quality of citations of Shakespeare and mobile artworks, and reframe the debate about cultural exchange. Global Shakespeares as a field registers the shifting locus of anxiety between cultural particularity and universality. This article explores the promise and perils of political articulations of cultur...
The spatial distribution of public services: A structural model of Voting, educational production, and the government's allocation of educational inputs

This essay analyzes the intrajurisdictional allocation of public resources by a governmental agency, using education as the example. The agency's decision is guided, in part, by the pReferences of voters within each subarea of the jurisdiction. Voter's choices are influenced by the likely allocation of additional resources resulting from passage of a tax levy, and the tax cost of the levy. After deriving predictions of the relationships between the variables of the model, we estimate a simultaneous equation system. Included are equations specifying the educational production function, voting decisions, and bureaucratic resource allocation. This essay also notes the biases present in prior studies that only considered the ‘demand side’ of voting models.
Pattern of space use by female black bears in the White River National Wildlife Refuge, Arkansas, USA

Abstract The manner in which space is used by animals may influence several aspects of biology, including the pattern of resource use and intra-specific competition. We monitored 16 radio-collared female black bears (Ursus americanus) for 9,216 radio days during 1993–1995 in the White River National Wildlife Refuge (WRNWR), Arkansas, U.S.A. to investigate space use patterns. Annual home ranges (95% convex polygon) ranged from 2.10 to 11.34 km2 with a mean (± SD) size of 4.90 (± 2.09) km2 (n = 16). Largest home ranges were occupied by 2 females with yearlings during one year of study. Home ranges among neighbouring bears overlapped considerably. Although bears maintained larger home ranges during summer, the size of home range did not differ among seasons (P > 0.50). Our estimates of home range size for female black bears were smaller than those obtained in a study of the same population during 1979–1982. Because the size of the bear population at WRNWR was substantially smaller (about 130 bears) during 1979–1982 compared to the present population of ≥348 bears, these results suggested that population density and size of female black bear home ranges may be negatively correlated. Conservation implications of density-dependent space use pattern are also discussed.
El Solutrense: 40 Anos de Reflexiones por un Arqueologo Norteamericano

In this article, I review 40 years of research and reflection on the nature of the Solutrean phenomenon in the context of human survival during the Last Glacial Maximum in SW Europe. I trace the evolution of my thinking on the Solutrean through the course of several projects and the work of many colleagues in archeology, archeozoology, and paleoenvironmental and biogeographical studies.
Comparing the Cockcroft–Gault and MDRD equations for calculation of GFR and drug doses in the elderly

Comparing the Cockcroft–Gault and MDRD equations for calculation of GFR and drug doses in the elderly
The teacher as a guide of children's competence with peers

A comparison is made of recommendations found in the literature for the role teachers can adopt to promote children's competence with peers and observational evidence of how teachers mediate peer interactions in the classroom. While the teacher's role as a mediator is recommended in the teaching practice literature, limited empirical evidence suggests that teachers rarely intervene in children's peer play. The argument is made that, given an integrated view of development, an appropriate teaching role involves active guidance of young children's development of social competence with peers. Vygotskian-based concepts are described as they could be applied to the teacher education process. A basic decision-making framework for teaching interventions is derived from these concepts, including teaching strategies and questions that teachers could ask themselves in reflecting upon the most appropriate classroom interventions. Finally, the advantages of using such a framework for teaching are discussed.
The interaction of ammonia with small iron clusters: infrared spectra and density functional calculations of Fen(NH3)m and Fen(ND3)m complexes

Abstract Bare iron clusters react in the gas phase with ammonia to form Fe n (NH 3 ) m complexes. In the present study, the iron cluster–ammonia interaction within Fe n (NH 3 ) m and Fe n (ND 3 ) m complexes ( n =7–16) are investigated by molecular beam infrared depletion spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Experimentally, we observe an absorption band within Fe n (ND 3 ) m complexes in the 880–890 cm −1 range, which is attributed to the ν 2 inversion mode of ND 3 . DFT calculations performed for Fe n (NH 3 ) m and Fe n (ND 3 ) m model complexes ( n =1, 4, 7, and 13) predict that three of the four vibrational fundamentals of ammonia are only slightly shifted from their gas phase values, but that the symmetric ν 2 fundamental shifts substantially upward in the complex. For ND 3 , ν 2 is predicted to shift from 748 cm −1 to the 850–900 cm −1 range when adsorbed to Fe n , as is observed experimentally in both the present cluster study and in iron single-crystal surface studies. DFT calculations of vertical ionization potentials of Fe n /Fe n (NH 3 ) m species and of Fe n –NH 3 binding energies are found to be in near-quantitative agreement with previously measured values.
Radial opening wedge osteotomy in Madelung's deformity*

Radiopalmar opening wedge osteotomy was used in 11 female patients (12 wrists) with Madelung's deformity who ranged in age from 9 to 31 years. Five patients met the radiographic criteria for generalized dyschondrosteosis. Clinically, there was dissatisfaction with the appearance of the wrist. The principal motion deficits were in radiocarpal extension and forearm pronosupination associated with varying degrees of discomfort with sustained activity. All had a decreased radioulnar angle, lunate subluxation shown radiographically, and various degrees of dorsal subluxation of the ulnar head. Indications for surgery were pain, limited motion, cosmetic appearance, and progressive deformity in two immature patients. Biplanar corrective opening wedge osteotomy of the radius was performed with iliac crest graft. Three patients had an added ulnar recession. Fixation was with a plate or Kirschner wire. Supplementary distracting external fixation was used in six cases. The follow-up period averaged 48 months. Pain relief in all patients was satisfactory. Range of motion and grip strength were not influenced. The radioulnar angle improved by 11°, but lunate subluxation was minimally changed. Length of the forearm and bowed appearance of the forearm were improved. Reduction of the radioulnar joints was improved but remained incongruous.
Tissue Doppler optical coherence elastography for real time strain rate and strain mapping of soft tissue

The authors present a tissue Doppler optical coherence elastography (tDOCE) method to image tissue movements, strain rates, and strains of soft tissue in real time. The method exploits the Doppler effect in optical coherence interferograms induced by tissue motion and measures the phase changes between successive A scans to resolve the instantaneous tissue displacement. The tDOCE system is capable of displaying the strain rates and strain maps of tissue subjected to a dynamic compression in real time. The system is demonstrated by the use of a heterogeneous tissue phantom with known mechanical properties.
Fetal heart rate patterns, perinatal asphyxia, and brain injury.

Abstract Hypoxic-ischemic injury, occurring during the intrapartum period, remains the most controversial perinatal cause of central nervous system injury. Current evidence suggests that injury during the intrapartum period is uncommon. The most widely used technique for antenatal surveillance is fetal heart rate monitoring. Fetal heart rate abnormalities, however, are infrequently associated with long-term adverse outcomes. Fetuses may manifest many minutes of "ominous" fetal heart rate patterns without evidence of irreversible central nervous system injury. Neurologically abnormal fetuses also may manifest abnormal fetal heart rate patterns because of neural mechanisms controlling heart rate, rather than because of intrapartum hypoxic events. Fetal acidosis also correlates poorly with outcome. The conclusion that a child's neurologic abnormalities are due to brain injury occurring during the intrapartum period cannot be based on fetal surveillance findings in isolation, but must be based on the consideration of many parameters.
Osteopontin adhesion receptors on gingival fibroblasts

Osteopontin (OPN) promotes attachment and spreading of cells in an RGD dependent fashion, suggesting that OPN interacts with integrins on cell surfaces. Here in, we show that LM-609, a monoclonal antibody to the alpha v beta 3 integrin (a vitronectin receptor), inhibited OPN-mediated attachment of gingival fibroblasts. To characterize the cell surface receptors responsible for this interaction, we performed OPN-sepharose affinity chromatography using detergent extracts of 35S-methionine or 125I-surface labeled gingival fibroblasts. Proteins bound to the OPN-matrix were eluted with EDTA and subjected to SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. EDTA eluates from both 125I-surface labeled and 35S-methionine labeled extracts demonstrated prominent bands in the 90kDa and 50kDa regions, by both autoradiography and fluorography, respectively. These studies suggest that OPN is associated with other cell surface molecules in addition to alpha v beta 3. Furthermore, these as yet to be characterized proteins, may prove to have a stronger affinity for OPN than alpha v beta 3.
Spin dependent cross-sections of weakly interacting massive particles on nuclei

We use measured nuclear magnetic moments together with some very general assumptions about nuclear wave functions to estimate the spin-dependent elastic cross sections of supersymmetric dark-matter particles on a variety of nuclei. Our cross sections are nearly always smaller than the corresponding single-particle estimates. In light nuclei with mirror partners, we make use of β-decay ft values in addition to magnetic moments and obtain even more accurate results.
Experimental kerosene pneumonia: Evaluation of some therapeutic regimens

An experimental model of kerosene pneumonia in the guinea pig is described. Pulmonary pathologic changes occurred significantly more often after gavage with kerosene than in animals that did not receive kerosene and that were observed simultaneously. Recovery of bacteria from lung tissue was not significantly different in these two groups. Several groups of animals were treated with procaine penicillin, ampicillin, or cephalothin, respectively, following instillation of kerosene. Rates of recovery of bacteria from lungs among these three treated groups were similar and not significantly different from the recovery rates of animals that were given kerosene but that received no therapy. Antiobiotic therapy profoundly changed the bacterial flora of the upper respiratory tract. Animals gavaged with kerosene and treated with dexamethasone, either alone or with cephalothin, had a significant increase in the percentage of positive lung cultures as compared to kerosene-gavaged control animals. These data suggest that the pathogenesis of the pneumonitis following kerosene ingestion is predominantly nonbacterial, that the use of antimicrobial agents probably is not warranted as initial therapy, and that corticosteroid therapy may be harmful in this condition.
Incomplete block design codes for ultra high speed computer applications

The use of error correcting codes is an important technique for improving the reliability of modern computer systems. Codes for computer applications should have ultra-fast encoding and decoding speed, parallel processing, self-correcting decoder circuits and uniform density for easy implementation. In this paper, a class of one-step majority decodable codes with the above mentioned features is presented. The basic code is constructed by using the incidence matrix of a balanced or partial-balanced incomplete block design for the non-identity matrix part of the parity check matrix in reduced echelon form. Many new codes have been derived and are of practical value. The codes in this paper are the most efficient of the one-step majority decodable variety. They are also the general class of difference set codes and orthogonal Latin square codes.
Extremity and Trunk Desmoid Tumors: A Multifactorial Analysis of Outcome

BACKGROUND The natural history of desmoid tumors remains an enigma. Previous reports attempting to identify their biology have included recurrent and primary tumors as well as tumors from both intra- and extra-abdominal sites. The purpose of this study was to analyze patients with primary extremity and trunk desmoid tumors treated and followed at a single institution and to determine factors influencing disease free survival. METHODS Between July 1982 and June 1997, 189 patients with extremity and superficial trunk desmoid tumors were treated and followed prospectively. Of these, 105 presented with primary disease and formed the basis of this study. RESULTS The median follow-up for the entire group of patients was 49 months; it was 46 months for patients who did not develop a local recurrence. During this time, 24 patients (23%) had a local recurrence. No patients died of disease. The 2-year and 5-year local recurrence free survival rates were 80% and 75%, respectively. None of the prognostic factors analyzed, including age, gender, depth of tumor, size of tumor, or tumor site, were significant for predicting local recurrence. Moreover, positive resection margins were not predictive of recurrence. The selective use of adjuvant radiation therapy did not influence the rate of local recurrence regardless of the margin status. CONCLUSIONS Attempts to achieve negative resection margins may result in unnecessary morbidity and may not prevent local recurrence. Operations that preserve function and structure should be the primary goal, because the presence of residual disease cannot be clearly shown to impact adversely on 5-year disease free or overall survival. Cancer 1999;86:2045–52. © 1999 American Cancer Society.
Margaret Bourke-White and the Communist Witch Hunt

Margaret Bourke-White (1904–1971) has been called “the most famous woman photographer” and “the finest woman photographer of our times.” Indeed, in a photographic career that spanned nearly five decades, Bourke-White demonstrated great professional versatility, registered many photographic firsts, and in a male-dominated field set standards by which others were measured. During the 1920s, Bourke-White carved out her first reputation in architectural and industrial photography. Her pictures of steel mills, shipyards, packing houses, logging camps, quarries, auto plants, skyscrapers, banks, and terminals captured the atmosphere of the industry and the dynamics of the capitalist system. Her industrial photography was of such outstanding quality that, as one critic observed, it “transformed the American factory into a Gothic cathedral.”Henry Luce was so impressed by her early work that he hired her as the first photographer for his business magazine Fortune. Under a unique arrangement she was allowed six months out of the year to pursue her own private studio practice for advertising agencies and corporations. When Henry Luce added the pictorial magazine Life to his growing publishing empire in the 1930s, he selected Margaret Bourke-White to become one of the four original staff photographers. At Life she established the tradition of negatives printed full frame and proved by black borders, and pioneered the synchronized multiple flash picture. Bourke-White revealed the range of her photographic talents in photo essays, murals, and documentary travelogues. “As a result of her twelve- and fourteen-page essays,” Carl Mydans noted, “her monumental work became known throughout the world — beyond that of any other photographer.”
Unraveling the Cellular Mechanism of Insulin Resistance in Humans: New Insights from Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Insulin resistance plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, yet despite much research the underlying mechanism responsible for it is poorly understood. In this review, some recent advances in the understanding of insulin resistance in humans that have been made by using magnetic resonance spectroscopy are discussed.
The Crisis of Social Reproduction among Migrant Workers: Interrogating the Role of Migrant Civil Society

Abstract: Transformations in urban economies are leading to the growth of jobs where labor and employment laws are routinely violated. Workers in these jobs are subject to harsh conditions such as low wages, hazardous work sites, and retaliation for speaking up. Many of these workers are undocumented migrants who are in a weak position to make demands on their employers or to request government assistance. These workers often turn to migrant civil society organizations for help with the multiple conflicts they face at work. Drawing on case studies of nonprofit organizations in Chicago, this paper focuses on the role of such organizations in the social reproduction of the migrant workforce. I posit that such organizations are integral to the functioning of the informal economy because the wide range of programs and services that they provide are essential to the social reproduction of migrant workers.
Noninterference and unwinding for LOCK

The LOCK noninterference policy for analyzing security properties of systems is presented. An unwinding theorem is developed. Difficulties resulting from trying to apply an abstract noninterference policy to a real system are discussed. A comparison is made between the LOCK noninterference policy and other versions of noninterference. >
OPT++ : an object-oriented implementation for extensible database query optimization

In this paper we describe the design and implementation of OPT++, a tool for extensible database query optimization that uses an object-oriented design to simplify the task of implementing, extending, and modifying an optimizer. Building an optimizer using OPT++ makes it easy to extend the query algebra (to add new query algebra operators and physical implementation algorithms to the system), easy to change the search space, and also to change the search strategy. Furthermore, OPT++ comes equipped with a number of search strategies that are available for use by an optimizer-implementor. OPT++ considerably simplifies both, the task of implementing an optimizer for a new database system, and the task of evaluating alternative optimization techniques and strategies to decide what techniques are best suited for that database system. We present the results of a series of performance studies. These results validate our design and show that, in spite of its flexibility, OPT++ can be used to build efficient optimizers.
Nursing staff development and facility design for medical-psychiatry units

Successful operation of a medical-psychiatry unit requires special considerations in nursing staff development and facility design. This article will discuss in detail issues related to the selection, training, and development of a medical-psychiatry unit nursing staff. Organizational details regarding establishing schedules and staffing patterns are examined in detail. Additional areas reviewed are special adaptations in the architectural and physical facility design as well as the medications, equipment, and supplies needed to provide optimal medical and nursing care to the medical-psychiatric patient population. The essential diagnostic and clinical services that should be available for patients on a medical psychiatry unit are also defined.
Nonlinear precession of the polarization ellipse in resonant atomic media: two-level systems and Rb

Summary form only given. Self-rotation (SR) of the polarization ellipse upon propagation through a nonlinear medium was among the first nonlinear optics phenomena observed. SR in resonant atomic vapors has been the subject of several theoretical and experimental studies. We describe SR in two-level F/spl rarr/F' systems (F, F' are the total angular momenta of the lower and the upper state) and present experiments and theoretical interpretation (based on density matrix calculations) of SR on the Rb D/sub 1,2/ lines.
Civic Engagement for Older Adults With Functional Limitations: Piloting an Intervention for Adult Day Health Participants

Purpose: Past research has demonstrated the importance of civic engagement for older adults, yet previous studies have not focused specifically on the potential benefits of civic engagement for older adults with functional limitations. This pilot study explored the feasibility and effectiveness of an intervention designed to promote civic engagement in this growing and often overlooked population. Design and Methods: A convenience sample was recruited from 2 adult day health centers (N = 43). A multicomponent intervention was implemented comprising education, service, and recognition phases. Using a nonequivalent switching replications design, researchers compared participants receiving the civic engagement intervention with participants receiving treatment as usual. Results: In terms of feasibility, the intervention was unproblematic and amenable to this population; however, challenges existed in data collection. Participants receiving the intervention reported higher, yet nonsignificant, levels of purpose in life, self-esteem, and perceived physical health when compared with those in the control group. However, 5 weeks following the withdrawal of the intervention, participants reported a significant decrease in self-esteem and perceived physical health. Implications: Civic engagement interventions appear to be quite feasible and possibly beneficial for older adults with physical and cogni tive limitations, such as those enrolled in adult day health programs. Future studies should examine the nature and amount of engagement needed to maximize the benefits of such interventions.
Analysis of the antigenic relationships among Trichomonas, Histomonas, Dientamoeba, and Entamoeba. I. Quantitative fluorescent antibody methods.

SYNOPSIS. Antigens were prepared from axenic Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba invadens, and Trichomonas gallinae; dixenic Dientamoeba fragilis; and agnotobiotic Histomonas meleagridis cultures. Antisera were developed in rabbits against each of these species by subcutaneous inoculations of homogenized organisms with complete Freund's adjuvant. The globulin fraction of each serum was conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and then processed on Sephadex G-25 and DEAE-cellulose columns. Fluorescein/protein ratios were determined for the several DEAE fractions obtained from each of the 5 conjugated globulins, and those with ratios of approximately 3.0 were selected for use in all experiments. Conjugated anti-Dientamoeba and anti-Histomonas fractions were absorbed with the bacterial flora present in the respective cultures before being used for staining. Intact, formalin-fixed organisms of each of the species were subjected to direct staining, inhibition staining, and staining with cross-absorbed conjugated fractions. The emitted fluorescence was measured in an ultramicrofluorimeter. Cross reactions among the 5 antigens and 5 conjugated antisera suggested that very few, if any, common antigens were shared by Trichomonas and Entamoeba. They indicated also a close antigenic relationship between Trichomonas and Histomonas on the one hand and between Histomonas and Dientamoeba on the other. Trichomonas and Dientamoeba appeared to be less closely related, and still less relationship was noted between Dientamoeba and Entamoeba. Only very weak reactions were recorded between Histomonas and Entamoeba. Entamoeba invadens emitted much fluorescence after being stained with anti-Entamoeba histolytica conjugate and similar results were obtained by reciprocal staining. The phylogenetic implications of the immunologic findings are discussed.
The Sensitivity of Intraseasonal Variability in the NCAR CCM3 to Changes in Convective Parameterization

The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate Model, version 3.6 (CCM3) simulation of tropical intraseasonal variability in zonal winds and precipitation can be improved by implementing the microphysics of cloud with relaxed Arakawa‐Schubert (McRAS) convection scheme of Sud and Walker. The default CCM3 convection scheme of Zhang and McFarlane produces intraseasonal variability in both zonal winds and precipitation that is much lower than is observed. The convection scheme of Hack produces high tropical intraseasonal zonal wind variability but no coherent convective variability at intraseasonal timescales and low wavenumbers. The McRAS convection scheme produces realistic variability in tropical intraseasonal zonal winds and improved intraseasonal variability in tropical precipitation, although the variability in precipitation is somewhat less than is observed. Intraseasonal variability in CCM3 with the McRAS scheme is highly sensitive to the parameterization of convective precipitation evaporation in unsaturated environmental air and unsaturated downdrafts. Removing these effects greatly reduces intraseasonal variability in the model. Convective evaporation processes in McRAS affect intraseasonal variability mainly through their time-mean effects and not through their variations. Convective rain evaporation and unsaturated downdrafts improve the modeled specific humidity and temperature climates of the Tropics and increase convection on the equator. Intraseasonal variability in CCM3 with McRAS is not improved by increasing the boundary layer relative humidity threshold for initiation of convection, contrary to the results of Wang and Schlesinger. In fact, intraseasonal variability is reduced for higher thresholds. The largest intraseasonal moisture variations during a model Madden‐Julian oscillation life cycle occur above the boundary layer, and humidity variations within the boundary layer are small.
Sea surface salinity measurements in the historical database

[1] We have examined historical distributions of sea surface salinity (SSS) observations in a data set consisting of a combination of the World Ocean Database 1998 (WOD98) and a thermosalinograph and bucket salinity database collected from volunteer observing ships. It is well known that SSS in much of the world's ocean is measured infrequently or not at all. We find that 27% of one-degree squares in the world ocean (open and coastal, excluding the Arctic Ocean) had no observations of SSS in the historical database, and 70% had 10 or fewer. Systematic sampling of SSS (more than 10,000 observations per year globally) did not start until after 1960. Most SSS observations in the WOD98 are concentrated in the North Sea and coast of northern Europe, the east and west coasts of North America, and around Japan. About 28% of SSS measurements are in coastal waters. We plotted frequency histograms of SSS for some selected well-sampled one-degree squares in the North Atlantic and tropical Pacific. We found most frequency histograms to be non-Gaussian. The main departure from normal distribution is due to anomalous low-salinity measurements creating a negative skewness. This conclusion is verified as a global phenomenon by examining statistics of mean-median SSS difference within one-degree squares. This quantity is found to be predominantly negative over the global ocean. These anomalous low-salinity values may be due to rainfall events, but there are other plausible physical mechanisms, like frontal movement and eddy activity. There were also areas where the distributions were bimodal due to the presence of meandering fronts with little cross-frontal mixing. Examples are shown where the non-Gaussian nature of the distributions in the areas examined is both a short-term and a long-term phenomenon. That is, the distributions are skewed on a nearly instantaneous (∼1 month) basis and averaged over long time periods (1 + years). This has important implications for climatologies because the differences between mean and modal SSS, for the analyzed one-degree squares, is of order 0.1. Furthermore, the implication for validation studies for remote sensing missions is that the studies must make enough measurements of SSS to determine the extent to which the probability density is not Gaussian.
Improving Estimates of Simulated Runoff Quality and Quantity Using Road-Enhanced Land Cover Data

Hydrologic model estimates of runoff quantity and quality are appropriately sensitive to the extent and distribution of impervious area (IA) inputs. This research enhances land use maps of IA extracted from road networks and demonstrates its impact on hydrologic model parameters for 704 watersheds in New York. National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 1992 and 2001 data at 30 m pixel resolution provided baseline maps, and enhancement involved reclassifying pixels with overlapping high accuracy vector roads. NLCD 1992 is limited by its lack of explicit IA estimates, instead relying on wide ranges of IA for developed classes, and by the failure of its transportation class to capture most roads. NLCD 2001 has no transportation class, and its explicit IA estimates were found to underestimate IA. Road enhancement caused significant increases in hydrologic parameters such as the curve number, runoff coefficient, and event mean concentration based pollutant loads, with a p<1E-3 for a paired, two-tailed t -test. Magnit...
Gender Differences in Parkinson's Disease: Clinical Characteristics and Cognition

More men than women are diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD), and a number of gender differences have been documented in this disorder. Examples of clinical characteristics that appear in men more often than women include rigidity and rapid eye movement behavior disorder, whereas more women than men exhibit dyskinesias and depression. Differences between men and women in cognition have not been extensively examined, though there are reports of deficits in men in aspects of cognition that contribute to activities of daily living, in verbal fluency, and in the recognition of facial emotion, and deficits in women in visuospatial cognition. Side of disease onset may interact with gender to affect cognitive abilities. One possible source of male-female differences in the clinical and cognitive characteristics of PD is the effect of estrogen on dopaminergic neurons and pathways in the brain. This effect is not yet understood, as insight into how the fluctuation of estrogen over the lifetime affects the brain is currently limited. Further attention to this area of research will be important for accurate assessment and better management of PD. Attention should also be directed to multiple covariates that may affect clinical characteristics and cognition. Knowledge about differences in the presentation of PD symptoms in men and women and about the pathophysiology underlying those differences may enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of clinical assessment and treatment of the disease.