cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Economic Evaluation of a Weight Loss Intervention Program for People with Serious Mental Illnesses Taking Antipsychotic Medications

Individuals with serious mental illnesses suffer from obesity and cardiometabolic diseases at high rates, and antipsychotic medications exacerbate these conditions. While studies have shown weight loss and lifestyle interventions can be effective in this population, few have assessed intervention cost-effectiveness. We present results from a 12-month randomized controlled trial that reduced weight, fasting glucose, and medical hospitalizations in intervention participants. Costs per participant ranged from $4365 to $5687. Costs to reduce weight by one kilogram ranged from $1623 to $2114; costs to reduce fasting glucose by 1 mg/dL ranged from $467 to $608. Medical hospitalization costs were reduced by $137,500.
Chapter 50 - Kinetic Modeling of Serotonin-1A Binding in Monkeys Using [ 11 C]WAY 100635 and PET

This chapter examines the usefulness of [ 11 C]WAY 100635 for the in vivo quantitation of 5-HT 1A receptor binding. Positron emission tomography (PET) data are acquired in monkeys after high specific activity injections alone and after pre-injection with either an agonist or antagonist. The cerebellar and blocking data were not well fit with a two-compartment model and significantly better fit (F-test) using three compartments (3C). For regions with specific binding, a 3C model was more suitable than constrained four compartment (4C) models (F-test) with distribution volume values that follow the rank order of 5-HT 1A receptor density. A speculative model is proposed to address the apparent inconsistency of the suitability of a 3C model for all data. This model allows irreversible nonspecific binding. The Akaike information criteria indicate that this model is not superior to the 3C model for the cerebellar data, superior for the frontal cortex and temporal cortex, and equivalent for the striatum and thalamus. An appropriate model that bridges the inconsistency between the nonspecific binding kinetics and the kinetics in specific-binding regions is not identified in this work, although adequate regional curve fits are obtained. The difficulty in applying conventional models may indicate that lipophilic metabolites of [ 11 C]WAY 100635 (labeled in the 2-methoxy position with 11 C) contribute to the observed PET signal.
The vanadium(III) chloride-dioxygen reaction in anhydrous pyridine: Evidence for a vanadium(III)-dioxygen adduct

Abstract The kinetics of the reaction between vanadium(III) chloride and dioxygen in pyridine has been examined. In both excess O2 and V(III) the forms of the rate law are constent with the mechanism V(III)+O 2 ⇌ K V(III)O 2 , V(III) → k products Due to equilibria involving VCl3 in pyridine, the values of K and k depend on the concentration of VCl3 used. At large concentrations of V(III) when (py)3VCl3 is the dominant species: [V(III)] in excess, k = (9.2 ± 6.3) × 10−2 sec−1 and K = 40 ±24 M−1 at 25°C. At small concentrations of V(III) when an appreciable amount of (py)4VCl2+ is present: [O2] in excess, k = (7.1 ± 0.5) × 10−2 sec−1 and K = 265 ± 18 M−1 at 25°C. Once the V(III)−O 2 reaction is initiated, “reacted” V(III) can be regenerated, supporting the view that a V(III)-O2 adduct is formed.
Genesis of the cumulate eucrites Serra de Mage and Moore County - A geochemical study

An instrumental neutron activation analysis of element abundances in whole rock and plagioclase separates of the Serra de Mage chondrite has been conducted; plagioclase data and plagioclase mineral/liquid partition coefficients are employed to determine the REE abundances in the derivative equilibrium magmas from which Serra de Mage and Moore County chondrite plagioclases crystallized. No simple genetic relationship between the two chondrites appears likely through the route of fractional crystallization. A difference in degrees of partial melting of a similar source material (different from the source proposed for noncumulate eucrites) could be invoked to relate the two chondrites.
Register-Transfer-Level Design

The register-transfer-level design case study examines defining requirements and architecture for a simple alarm clock controller. This is an appropriate case study because it uses common abstractions from electronic systems design and extends those abstractions to include elements of system-level design. The first model is exclusively behavioral and uses a single behavioral specification to define systems requirements. The second model uses a collection of behavioral specifications to define architecture for the controller. Finally, some correctness conditions are defined using Rosetta's special-purpose component constructs. The models defining this case study are organized into three collections. The time types package defines basic types and functions used throughout both the behavioral and structural models. The alarmClockBehav model defines functional requirements for the clock system. Finally, alarmClock defines relationships between the behavioral and structural alarmclock models that define correctness of the architecture. Each model in the case study is prototypical of models useful when designing, using requirements-level design (RTL) components.
MCM and monolithic VLSI perspectives on dependencies, integration, performance and economics

It is argued that multichip module (MCM) technologies, tools, and infrastructures are still lacking, while monolithic VLSIs have continued to progress for the past two decades, delivering greater functionality and higher performance at lower cost. The author offers perspectives on the performance and economics of MCMs and VLSIs. In particular, he examines the dependencies and contrasts the competitiveness between these two integration technologies. The analysis points to opportunities and action agendas for MCMs. It is concluded that the MCM is an important system integration technology that, if properly utilized, can provide significant added value. It should not be approached as a VLSI replacement. Rather, it should be used as an important adjunct to VLSIs. >
Razor: a variability-tolerant design methodology for low-power and robust computing

Rising PVT variations at advanced process nodes make it increasingly difficult to meet aggressive performance targets under strict power budgets. Traditional adaptive techniques that compensate for PVT variations need safety margins and cannot respond to rapid environmental changes. In this thesis, we present a novel voltage management technique, called Razor, which eliminates worst-case safety margins through in situ error detection and correction of variation-induced delay errors. In Razor, we use a delay-error tolerant flip-flop on critical paths to scale the supply voltage to the point of first failure of a die for a given frequency. Thus, all margins due to global and local PVT variations are eliminated, resulting in significant energy savings. In addition, the supply voltage can be scaled even lower than the first failure point into the sub-critical region, deliberately tolerating a targeted error rate, thereby providing additional energy savings. Thus, in the context of Razor, a timing error is not a catastrophic system failure but a trade-off between the overhead of error-correction and the additional energy savings due to sub-critical operation. In Razor, the error-rate is monitored and the supply voltage is tuned to achieve a targeted error-rate. We developed two techniques, called RazorI and RazorII, for implementation of Razor-based voltage tuning in microprocessors. The RazorI approach achieves error-detection by double-sampling the critical-path output at different points in time and comparing both samples. A global recovery signal overwrites the earlier, speculative sample with the later sample and restores the pipeline to its correct state. We implemented RazorI error-detection and correction in a 64bit processor in 0.18micron technology and obtained 50% energy savings over the worst-case at 120MHz. However, the efficacy of the RazorI technique for high-performance processors is undermined by its reliance on a metastability-detector and potentially, timing-critical pipeline recovery path. The RazorII approach addresses this issue by achieving recovery from delay-errors through a conventional, architectural-replay mechanism. Error-detection in RazorII occurs by flagging spurious transitions at critical-path endpoints. Furthermore, RazorII also detects logic and register SER. We implemented a RazorII-enabled 64bit processor in 0.13µm technology and obtained 33% power savings over the worst-case. SER tolerance was demonstrated with radiation experiments.
An Examination of the Various Ways Teachers Become Leaders: A Blended Process

The purpose of this exploratory study was to identify leadership factors that teachers viewed as most influential in their development as teacher leaders, and to generate suggestions to assist in the selection and cultivation of teacher leaders. This research employed a small sample of six teachers who were pursuing leadership roles and were identified as teacher leaders within their respective schools. Data collection was conducted through structured interviews, review of school documents, and a survey instrument. Teachers’ interview data were coded based on key teacher leader qualities and behavioral characteristics identified in current literature. Analysis and subsequent findings concluded that teacher leader development is a blended process involving multiple key factors such as: self-reflection, teacher expertise, student-advocacy, professional development experiences, organizational empowerment for teachers, opportunities for job embedded collaboration with peers, teacher passion, and vision.
Overexpression of human β-defensin 2 promotes growth and invasion during esophageal carcinogenesis.

// Ni Shi 1 , Feng Jin 2 , Xiaoli Zhang 3 , Steven K. Clinton 1 , Zui Pan 2 , Tong Chen 1 1 Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 2 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 3 Center for Biostatistics, The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio Correspondence to: Dr. Tong Chen, M.D. Ph.D., e-mail: tong.chen@osumc.edu Key Words: Human β-defensin 2, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and carcinogenesis Received: July 07, 2014 Accepted: August 28, 2014 Published: September 05, 2014 ABSTRACT Human β-defensin 2 (HBD-2) is an antimicrobial peptide produced by mucosal surfaces in response to microbial exposure or inflammatory cytokines. Although HBD-2 is expressed in the esophagus in response to stress and infectious agents, little is known regarding its expression and functional role in esophageal carcinogenesis. In the current investigation, normal esophagus and N -nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA)-induced precancerous and papillomatous lesions of the rat esophagus were characterized for HBD-2 encoding gene Defb4 and protein. HBD-2 was found to be overexpressed in esophagi of rats treated with NMBA compared to animals in control group. Results of Real-time PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry demonstrated a positive correlation between the overexpression of HBD-2 and the progression of rat squamous cell carcinogenesis (SCC) in the esophagus. We also observed that HBD-2 is overexpressed in tumor tissues removed from patients with esophageal SCC. Moreover, Defb4 silencing in vitro suppresses the tumor cell proliferation, mobility and invasion in esophageal SCC cell line KYSE-150. The results from this study provide experimental evidence that HBD-2 may play an oncogenic role in the initiation and progression of esophageal SCC and thus serves as a target for chemopreventive and therapeutic interventions.
Why is Virginia Slim? Women and Cigarette Advertising:

Despite increasing efforts to reduce smoking among young women, they remain one of the fastest growing groups of cigarette smokers in the United States. A Means-end Chain framework, derived from ma...
The Theoretical and Practical Implications of China’s Development Experience: The Role of Informal Economic Practices

China’s economic reform has been understood mainly in terms of the "new institutional economics," emphasizing the role of marketized private firms and related laws. Andrew Walder and Yingyi Qian, however, have pointed out instead the crucial role played by Chinese local governments, especially their township and village enterprises. Neither interpretation, however, can account for what has happened in China since the mid-1990s, when the main engine for development shifted to local governments’ competition for and active support of outside investment. Typically, local governments have provided land and related infrastructural support below cost, plus special subsidies and tax privileges, and also circumvented formal rules and regulations on labor use and environmental protection. Those informal practices and the huge accompanying informal economy, not just the new enterprises drawn in, have been the main dynamic both for China’s striking GDP growth and its mounting social and environmental crises. The anal...
Pseudomolecular atoms: geometry of two-electron intrashell excited states

Supermultiplet patterns indicating pronounced collective motion of electrons are prominent among intrashell excited states of helium or alkaline earth atoms. Many aspects of these patterns have previously been discussed in terms of an empirical rovibrator model, e-core-e, analogous to alinear triatomic molecule. However, this has appeared incompatible with a dimensional scaling treatment that predicts pseudomolecular features and relates properties of some excited states to the ground state, but corresponds to abent equilibrium geometry. We examine both the full two-electron Hamiltonian, including angular momentum, and a prototype model for angular correlation which restricts the two particles to the surface of a sphere. By virtue of the boundary conditions imposed by the Jacobian volume element, we find that alinear equilibrium geometry is not allowed. If the Hamiltonian is transformed to reduce the Jacobian to unity, an infinite barrier appears in the effective potential when the electrons are 180° apart and equidistant from the nucleus. We find the supermultiplet patterns, including some “antimolecular” features, are consistent with a floppy butbent geometry, anasymmetric rotor model. The most probable interelectron angle ϑ m varies markedly with the principal quantum number and also with the space-quantization of the angular momentum with respect to body-fixed axes.
The teaching of translation in response to current revisions of language-study curriculum or of all things, translation?

Abstract We suggest that the teaching of translation should be given an increased importance in language-study curricular revisions. In this country, translation never enjoyed the role it traditionally performed in European countries. This may be blamed, nationally on chauvinistic aspects of the Melting Pot spirit, and academically on some ban mistakenly attributed to audiolingual pedagogy. Current changes in the US world image and in the field of applied linguistics could eliminate these objections. The teaching of translation is desirable because it develops a very usable language skill. It can, moreover, make the student aware of cultural differences more intensely than any other language activity. Eventually, it can help in the study of literary criticism as a natural way to perform text “deconstruction”. We conclude in proposing a re-evaluation of translation as a realistic langauge task, that could help promote cultural and liberal education interests and play a decisive part in international-study programs.
Spatial analysis of renewable energy potential in the greater southern Appalachian mountains

This research discusses the implementation of a geographic information system (GIS) for the simultaneous discovery of multiple types of renewable energy sources. In particular, the GIS model analyzes wind, solar, and biomass potential within the greater southern Appalachian region, an area which is currently very heavily dependent on coal for electricity generation. The location and availability of biomass is specifically considered in the context of potential co-fire generation within existing coal plants, while the availability of wind and solar power are based on both resource strength and the geographic, topographic, and regulatory constraints that provide limits on their use. The model determines potential wind and solar sites within the region, and potential biomass co-fire locations, based on these input constraints and it calculates the cost and generation characteristics for each site.
Effects of contusion and cryotherapy on microvascular perfusion in rat dorsal skeletal muscle

Abstract Dorsal microcirculatory chambers (DMCs) were surgically implanted in the backs of rats to expose, beneath a transparent coverslip, the skeletal muscle microvasculature under the skin; two studies were completed using this model. In one study, microvascular perfusion was monitored for 96 h with laser Doppler fluxmetry and laser Doppler perfusion imaging to measure microvascular perfusion before and after contusion of the skeletal muscle within the DMC. There were statistically significant differences in microvascular perfusion observed with laser Doppler fluxmetry (baseline vs. postcontusion at 48 h) and with the scanning laser Doppler perfusion imager (baseline vs. postcontusion at 96 h). The second study monitored changes in microvascular perfusion following 20 min of local ice application to the back side (fur and skin side) of the DMC. Ice application resulted in a statistically significant reduction in microvascular perfusion as demonstrated by both laser Doppler instruments. The use of the two laser Doppler instruments with this model of skeletal muscle microcirculation provides direct measurements of microvascular perfusion that can be used to monitor the effect of contusion and cryotherapy on skeletal muscle microcirculation.
The neoliberal moment: Communicative interaction and a discursive analysis of the global political economy

This article is motivated by two trends in international relations (IR): the general trend toward global neoliberalism, and the discursive turn in IR scholarship. Neoliberalism, while not fully practised anywhere, has become the dominant discourse and normative measure of economic policy ideas around which policy debates coalesce. This all is the more noticeable among the lesser-developed countries. This article attempts to explain this gradual shift in the global political economy where most discussions centre around a core set of ideas and beliefs about how the system ought to function. Given that evidence of this ideational/discursive shift predates the end of the Cold War and changed out of step with the steady growth in economic interdependence, new approaches are warranted. What is argued here is that the study of social interaction among states will shed considerable light onto how the international system has developed into its current state.
Effect of hydrogen on the magnetoelastic behavior of amorphous transitional metal‐metalloid alloys

Internal friction and ΔE‐effect measurements have been made on Metglass 2826 and other ferromagnetic metallic glasses, electrolytically charged with hydrogen. Initially, the ΔE‐effect and magnetoelastic damping are strongly suppressed. The internal friction is dominated by a peak attributed to the stress‐induced reorientation of interstitial hydrogen atoms, with a mean activation energy of 0.5 eV. Various aging effects occur after charging. Recovery of charge‐induced bending is followed by a slower decline of the reorientation peak, a recovery of the ΔE‐effect, and an accompanying transient appearance of a magnetoelastic internal friction peak. The observed behavior indicates a strong interaction of hydrogen with domain walls, and leads to the prediction, confirmed experimentally, that hydrogen degrades the soft magnetic behavior of these alloys.
Modeling the ion density distribution in collisional cooling RF multipole ion guides

Abstract Collisional cooling radio frequency (RF) multipoles are widely used in mass spectrometry, as ion guides and two-dimensional ion traps. Understanding the behavior of ions in these devices is important in choosing a multipole configuration and optimizing its performance. We have developed a computer model based on ion trajectory calculations in the RF multipole electric field, taking into account ion–ion and ion–neutral interactions. The two-dimensional model for idealized infinite RF multipoles gives an accurate description of the ion density distribution. We consider first a basic case of a single m / z ion cloud in the two-dimensional RF quadrupole after equilibrium is reached. Approximate theoretical relationships for the ion cloud configuration in the two-dimensional ion trap are tested based on the simulation results. Next we consider the case of an ion cloud consisting of several different m / z ion species. The ion relaxation dynamics and the process of establishing the stratified ion density distribution are observed. Simulations reveal that the ion kinetic energy relaxation dynamics are dependent on the ion population and bath gas pressure. The equilibrium distribution agrees well with the ion stratification theory, as demonstrated by simulations for RF quadrupole and octopole two-dimensional ion traps.
Trapping of water waves by moored bodies

Certain types of floating bodies are known to support trapped modes, with oscillatory fluid motion near the body and no energy radiation in the far field. Previous work has considered either fixed bodies, where the boundary conditions are homogeneous, or bodies which are freely floating and moving without any exciting force. For a fixed body the existence of a trapped mode implies that there is no unique solution of the boundary-value problem for the velocity potential with a prescribed body motion. For a free body which supports a trapped mode, the solution of the coupled problem for the motions of the fluid and body does not have a unique solution. A more general case is considered here, of a body with a linear restoring force such as an elastic mooring. The limiting cases of a fixed and free body correspond to infinite or zero values of the corresponding spring constant. A variety of body shapes are found including cylinders in two dimensions and axisymmetric bodies in three dimensions, which illustrate this more general case of trapping and provide a connection between the fixed and free cases.
The encephalomyocarditis virus 3C protease is rapidly degraded by an ATP-dependent proteolytic system in reticulocyte lysate.

Abstract The encephalomyocarditis virus 3C protease has been observed to undergo rapid degradation, both in vivo in mouse cells and in vitro in reticulocyte lysate. Experiments were carried out to characterize the turnover of the 30 protease in reticulocyte lysate. 3C protease prepared in reticulocyte lysate by in vitro translation and processing of a precursor polyprotein could be separated from the proteolytic activity responsible for its degradation. This implies the 3C protease is not directly involved in its own proteolysis. Active 30 protease flanked by only a few amino acids was degraded at a rate identical to that of a similar protein containing an inactivated catalytic site. This indicates that 3C protease activity is not indirectly required for the proteolytic process. Other vital proteins, including the 3D polymerase and capsid proteins, were relatively stable in the lysate. In addition, polyprotein precursors containing 3C protease with an inactive catalytic site and various flanking proteins displayed distinctly different stabilities. These results suggest that the reticulocyte proteolytic system functions in a selective manner toward the vital proteins. The effects of several proteolytic inhibitors on the lysate proteolytic system were evaluated. The results of these experiments indicate that the rapid degradation of the EMC virus 3C protease requires the hydrolysis of ATP.
Washed Mechanically Separated Pork as a Surimi‐like Meat‐product Ingredient

Mechanically separated pork (MSP) was washed using water or 1.5% salt solution, each at pH 5.5 and 6.5 to produce a surimi-like product for further processing. Composition and functionality of the washed product was evaluated and use in processed meat formulations was assessed. Washing treatments reduced fat content to less than 1% but did not reduce calcium content of MSP. The salt solution resulted in removal of heme pigments. Frankfurters manufactured with washed MSP ishowed little improvement over those with unwashed MSP for texture or water binding; therefore, applications may be limited. HOW-ever, lipid oxidation of frankfurters containing washed MSP, as meassured by TBA, was suppressed during storage.
A computer-based laparoscopic skills assessment device differentiates experienced from novice laparoscopic surgeons

Background: The acquisition of laparoscopic skills is difficult to assess. Previously, through the use of a computer-based skills assessment device (SAD), we have shown that assessments of the time needed to perform a task and graded observations of task performance overestimate the speed at which laparoscopic skills can be acquired. The aim of this study was to test the ability of a laparoscopic SAD to differentiate novices from experienced laparoscopic surgeons and thereby further validate its use in surgical education. Methods: Using a laparoscopic simulator platform integrated with task simulation and data collection software (MIST VR), we tested both experienced and novice laparoscopists. Each group performed three tasks with a minimum of seven repetitions. The tasks consisted of target acquisition, target traversal, and target manipulation with diathermy. Within each task, time (T), errors (E), and economy of movement for each hand (EML, EMR) were assessed. Results were reported as mean ± SEM, and comparisons were made using an independent samples t-test. Results: For the target acquisition task, the expert group performed the task faster than the novice group (5.5 ± 0.24 vs 7.6 ± 0.40 sec, p <0.05); the experts also made fewer errors (0.5 ± 0.10 vs 0.8 ± 0.11 errors, p <0.05), and achieved both a better EML (1.8 ± 0.6 vs 2.3 ± 0.9, p <0.05) and a better EMR (2.0 ± 0.1 vs 2.9 ± 0.21, p <0.05). In the target traversal task, the experts made fewer errors than the novices (2.2 ± 0.25 vs 4.6 ± 0.38 errors, p <0.05). For the manipulation and diathermy tasks, the expert group completed the task faster (30.8 ± 1.5 vs 39 ± 1.5 sec, p <0.05), made fewer errors (5.3 ± 0.59 vs 8.1 ± 0.63 errors, p <0.05), and had a better EML (6.0 ± 0.37 vs 7.2 ± 0.45, p <0.05) and EMR (4.3 ± 0.23 vs 5.8 ± 0.36, p <0.05) than the novices. Conclusion: A laparoscopic skills assessment device can discern levels of laparoscopic manipulative skill. This type of device can be used in surgical training to make objective assessments of the acquisition of laparoscopic skills.
Overexpression of TRPC1 enhances pulmonary vasoconstriction induced by capacitative Ca2+ entry.

Transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels are a critical pathway for Ca2+ entry during pulmonary artery (PA) smooth muscle contraction. However, whether canonical TRP (TRPC) subunits and w...
MEMS Wavefront Correctors

Deformable mirrors made using MEMS processes have become commodity products. Newer capabilities include nanometer-scale predictive open-loop control and scaling to >4000 actuators, while maintaining exceptionally low size, weight, and power.
Preliminary verifiability of the aerial image measurement tool over photolithography process

The AIMS (Aerial Image Measurement Tool) measures approximate aerial images to scanner results by adjusting the numerical aperture, illumination type and partial parameters. Accordingly, AIMS tool is used generally to verify the issue points during manufacturing a mask. Normally using a mask for photolithography needs twice verifications. One is the qualification in the mask shop. The other is verification over the photo process using the mask in the wafer fab. If evaluated data at AIMS can be trusted about photo process ability including energy latitude (EL), depth of focus (DOF), CD uniformity (CDU), pattern fidelity and mask defects including repair area, AIMS can function as a first filter before shipping the mask. That means the AIMS data can be used as a preliminary data in the wafer fab. So this study is focused on correlation between measured data at AIMS fab 193i and ArF scanner over the photo process such as EL, DOF, CDU, pattern fidelity and mask defects. First, various patterns are made on attenuated PSM from 80 to 65nm tech. Next correlations are calculated about EL, DOF and CDU by using same optical conditions, measurement points and etc at AIMS and Scanner. Also the aerial images from AIMS are compared with scanner results on defective side how those are matched with each other. Consequently defect printability and CDU map at AIMS were similar to the scanner. In CDU point of view, AIMS exceeds the predictive ability of the mask CD SEM. Moreover it means that wafer CDU can be corrected (improved) independently on the CDU result of the wafer fab by using CDU correctable femto laser tool which reduces transmittance of the mask. Surprisingly, it is possible. And Aerial image about mask defects including repair area is useful to predict the problem of the mask, since it is similar to wafer results. But aerial image compared with wafer image has more difference at 65nm technology node than at 80nm. If adjustment of threshold or measuring method can be done, prediction of the scanner result will have no matter. In conclusion, predictive results at AIMS over photo process can be applied as a preliminary data and it can be used to another index verifying the mask quality.
The professional writing teacher as author's editor

Editing includes teaching authors how to write, but the traditional editor's task, like the teacher's, is complicated by the additional requirement of being a gatekeeper of an author's work. When teachers (like editors) see their primary task as judges or gatekeepers, they can become engaged in adversarial relationships that contradict their role as enablers/teachers. The author's editor, on the other hand, is an emerging model of the editor‐author relationship that focuses on helping authors meet the expectations of gatekeeping journal and book editors. Teachers can use the author's‐editor model in the professional writing classroom to minimize the current‐traditional emphasis on the product and emphasize the collaborative nature of the writing process.
X-Ray Emission From High-Z Spherical Laser Plasmas: Implications For Plasma Dynamics

Conversion of 351-nm laser light to soft x-rays has been studied using spherical gold targets irradiated at 5 x 1012-4 x 1015 W/cm2. Spectra and time histories of sub-keV and M-band emission are presented. Results have been compared to detailed models (LASNEX) to better determine the dynamics of the plasma processes which lead to x-ray emission.
Impracticality of egg donor recruitment in the absence of compensation.

We thank a remarkable, anonymous woman for donating her oocytes. This work was supported by the Stowers Medical Institute, the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, the Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, and the New York Stem Cell Foundation.
Degenerate operator algebra with c=1, local SU(2) invariance and their realization in the X-Y and Askin-Teller models at criticality

Abstract The critical O(2) gaussian and Askin-Teller models are studied. The magnetic operator is identified as the twist field of the scalar field and the electric operator as a particular vertex operator. Invariance under a local SU(2) symmetry is shown to be hidden in the systems above. At a particular point on the critical line ( λ=- 1 2 √2 ), it is shown that the electric operator generates a degenerate representation of the Virasoro algebra and that it transforms as the fundamental representation under the SU(2) symmetry. The implications are discussed.
Merit-Based Scholarships and Student Effort

Abstract Twenty-one states offer merit scholarships that require students to maintain a minimum grade point average (GPA). Using a comprehensive administrative database from Clemson University, this study estimates the relationship between the incentives created by a South Carolina merit scholarship (LIFE) and students' academic performance. I hypothesize that being at risk of gaining or losing this scholarship will lead to increased effort and, as a consequence, higher grades. The results suggest that the incentives created by the scholarship increase GPAs by as much as 0.101 on a four-point scale, controlling for student and course characteristics. Moreover, the results indicate that for men the relationship between the risk of gaining or losing the scholarship and grades is large and statistically significant; for women, however, there is little evidence that the scholarship is related to grades.
Efficacy of transfection rates on head and neck squamous cell cancer by a novel adenovirus: an in vivo and in vitro study.

Introduction Internalization of wild-type adenovirus is dependent on binding to a coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR). Unfortunately, many tumors lack these receptors. We hypothesized that a novel RGD adenovirus, which binds by way of cellular integrins, would improve the transfection of head and neck cancers. Materials and Methods Three squamous cell cancer lines were transfected with either the wild type or the novel RGD containing a luciferase reporter gene. After 48 hours, the transfection rate was determined. This was correlated with CAR and αVβ3 and αVβ5 integrin expression as determined by flow cytometry. A similar experiment was performed in a nude mouse model to determine in vivo differences of transfection rate. Results Statistically significant increased rates of transfection were seen for the novel adenovirus at all multiplicities of infection (MOIs) in the CAL-27 and SCC-4 cell lines. Increased rates of transfection were seen at lower viral titers for the SCC-25 cells. Flow cytometry revealed low CAR expression in all cell lines but no consistent pattern of integrin expression. The nude mouse model demonstrated a 43-fold higher rate of transfection for the novel RGD adenovirus. Conclusions A modified RGD adenovirus increased the efficacy of transfection in specific cell lines and in the nude mouse model. It is possible that modified adenoviruses may improve gene delivery to patients with advanced or recurrent head and neck cancers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Theoretical and practical aspects of singularity and eigenmode expansion methods

In recent years a vast amount of literature has been written on singularity and eigenmode expansion methods (SEM and EEM). The main practical purpose is to produce a theory which allows us to identify a flying (or stationary) target from the observed transient field scattered by the target. (The other purposes include representation and computation of the transient field and construction of equivalent circuits according to the object's electromagnetic response.) This problem is discussed. Described are 1) the basic starting points of the engineering approach to the problem and the extent to which they are consistent from the mathematical point of view, 2) the material which has been rigorously established in the field, 3) the important points in practice, and 4) the unsolved mathematical problems in the field. This work may save efforts by other scientists and engineers, since the results demonstrate the kind of research that can be used in practice and the kind which is of mostly theoretical interest.
Differences in the chemical composition of the phage nucleic acids.

IT has been known for some time that the nucleic acids of the coli-dysentery phages, T 2, T 4 and T 6, contain hydroxymethylcytosine and that the composition of their purine and pyrimidine bases is essentially identical1. More recently it was found in this laboratory that a hexose is present in T 4 phage2. This sugar was identified as glucose and was shown to be a constituent of the viral nucleic acid3. It was afterwards demonstrated that T 2 and T 6 nucleic acids also contain glucose and that enzymatic hydrolysates of T 2 and T 4 nucleic acids contain small quantities of the glucoside of hydroxy methylcytidylic acid4,5. In the present communication it will be shown that the nucleic acids of T 2, T 4 and T 6 phages differ in their content of glucose and that this hexose is attached to the acid-resistant part of nucleic acid, the apurinic acid.
Lipid-free soluble cytochrome oxidase purification, properties and reaction characteristics

Abstract Previous attempts by Wainio and Aronoff (1955) and Yonetani (1959) to solubilize cytochrome oxidase with non-ionic surfactants were reported as unsuccessful. Their failure to achieve positive results can be attributed to the remarkably critical structure of the surfactant required to effect the solubilization and the critical conditions under which the process must be carried out. In this communication we describe the procedure by which Triton X-100 (9–10 oxyethylene groups) in the presence of .2M neutral potassium phosphate effects the complete solubilization of the cytochrome oxidase protein from the membraneous oxidase preparation described in the accompanying communication.
Aspirin Therapy in Venous Malformation: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Benefits, Side Effects, and Patient Experiences

Venous malformations (VMs) are often painful and may enlarge over time. Chronic coagulopathy is common in VMs and may contribute to phleboliths and potentially to disease progression. Few studies have examined the effects of anticoagulation on VMs and to our knowledge none have examined the use of aspirin therapy. A survey was administered to patients and parents of patients with VMs who attended the University of California at San Francisco Vascular Anomalies Center over a 4-year period (2008-2012) to whom aspirin had been recommended. They were surveyed regarding whether they were taking aspirin and, if yes, whether aspirin had resulted in any appreciable benefit. Sixty-five letters were sent to potential subjects: 38 participated and 27 declined to participate or could not be contacted. Twenty-eight of the 38 had begun aspirin and 22 reported current use. Seventeen reported some benefit, including less aching (n = 2), less shooting pain (n = 15), less fullness and swelling (n = 13), and shrinking of the VM (n = 1). Discontinuation of aspirin was associated with worsening VM symptoms in five of six patients. Side effects were reported in 6 of 28 patients, including five episodes of minor bleeding or excessive bruising and one of nausea and vomiting. This study suggests that aspirin may be a beneficial treatment for VM, with a reduction in pain and soft tissue swelling and an acceptable side-effect profile, but the retrospective nature of the study and the small size of the cohort limited our conclusions. Larger prospective studies of aspirin for VM using clinical and laboratory outcome measures are needed to confirm these observations.
Developmental Neurobiology and Clinical Disorders: Lost in Translation?

Advances in defining mechanisms of cortical development have been paralleled in recent years by an intense interest in translating these findings into greater insight of both childhood- and adult-onset cognitive and mental health disorders of developmental etiology. Successful integration of basic and clinical findings have been applied to monogenic disorders. The greater challenge lies in studying cortical development in the context of gene x environment interactions, which underlie the pathogenesis of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders. This can occur through an improved delineation of pathophysiological characteristics unique to specific complex disorders and the application of this information to the refinement of the most relevant model systems.
In vitro modulation of the invasive and metastatic potentials of human renal cell carcinoma by interleukin‐2 and/or interferon‐alpha gene transfer

BACKGROUND Continuous local delivery of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) via gene transfer appears to be more effective than systemic therapy in preventing the growth of human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in vitro and in vivo. To understand further if cytokine-gene transfection of RCC could alter certain cellular properties that are associated with the invasive and metastatic potentials of tumor, the authors characterized six cell lines that produce IL-2 and/or IFN-alpha in their expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and CD44; binding affinity to extracellular matrix (ECM) components (fibronectin, laminin, type IV collagen, and vitronectin); and preference in forming homotypic aggregation and mRNA levels of c-myc, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), tumor transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and type IV collagenase. These six lines were compared with control vector transfected parental R11 line. METHODS The expression of ICAM-1 and CD44 was determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis, the tumor cell binding affinity to ECM components was measured by cell attachment assay, the degree of homotypic aggregation was quantified by cell aggregation assay, and the mRNA levels of c-myc, EGF-R, TGF-beta, and collagenase were analyzed by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS Both IL-2-gene- and IFN-alpha-gene-modified R11 exhibited enhanced expression of ICAM-1, suppression of CD44, and decreased binding affinity to ECM components, when compared with the R11-control vector. All cytokine-producing tumor lines showed a decreased preference to form homotypic aggregation. Interferon-alpha gene transfer downregulated c-myc, EGF-R, and type IV collagenase mRNA expression, whereas only the higher producers of IL-2 downregulated TGF-beta mRNA expression. Exogenous IL-2 and/or IFN-alpha treatment of a IFN-alpha-resistant RCC enhanced both HLA class I antigen and ICAM-1 expression and suppressed CD44 expression, but had no effect on tumor growth rate. CONCLUSIONS The local production of high concentrations of IL-2 and IFN-a at the tumor site may directly alter tumor properties associated with invasive and metastatic phenotypes of RCC. Interleukin-2 and/or IFN-alpha gene therapy may be an effective strategy for treatment of patients with advanced renal cancer.
Task Difficulty and Anxiety Level as Factors Affecting Performance in a Verbal Learning Situation

(1961). Task Difficulty and Anxiety Level as Factors Affecting Performance in a Verbal Learning Situation. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 77-86.
The Complementary Effects of E-Markets on Existing Supplier-Buyer Relationships in a Supply Chain

E-markets have been established in many industries as a sourcing option for buyers. The existing literature focuses on the substitutional effect of e-markets on the traditional supply chain, yet in many situations, e-markets are used by buyers as a benchmarking tool in negotiations with traditional suppliers. This paper examines the role of e-markets in price negotiations and relationship-specific investments. We find that e-markets can be an effective tool to stimulate the traditional supplier's relationship-specific investments, lower the procurement prices, and improve the buyer's profitability and the supply-chain efficiency. Therefore, e-markets can complement rather than substitute for the traditional relationship-based supply chain. When there is quality uncertainty in the e-market offering, two effects of quality uncertainty on e-market adoption are identified. Better quality on average will increase e-market adoption, but surprisingly, increasing quality dispersion of e-markets will also help. Therefore, e-markets should strive to enlist suppliers with better quality products, but do not need to worry too much about the quality dispersion. Having better price transparency will also help in attracting more business from buyers.
Professional associations and conflict of interest.

There has been much discussion and public debate lately about the relationship between medical institutions (academic medical centers, professional societies, patient advocacy groups, medical journals) and pharmaceutical, medical device, and biotechnology companies. Although it is clearly acknowledged that collaboration among these groups promotes new health care discoveries and developments, financial ties between medical institutions and industry present a risk for conflict of interestwhichmayinfluenceprofessionaljudgmentand affect the integrity of research programs, the objectivity of professional education, the quality of patient care, and most importantly, the public’s trust. 1
Globalization and the Economy: What Students Think

Do attitudes toward globalization change with economic conditions? This paper compares student attitudes during an economic expansion with student attitudes during an economic recession. Globalization has resulted in lower prices, more choices, and a blurring of the lines of national identity for many products. Its impact also includes loss of domestic jobs, trade disputes, and challenges to national sovereignty by organizations, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO). Two surveys were administered in the College of Commerce and Business Administration at an AACSB-accredited southeastern United States university. The first took place in 2003 while the region was enjoying low unemployment and a vigorous economic expansion. The second was administered in 2009 during a time of significantly higher unemployment and economic recession. The 2003 survey found very positive views towards most aspects of globalization. In contrast, the second survey during markedly more depressed economic times found students were more concerned with their own self-interest, preferring less government interference and less globalization. The results suggest that attempts to promote trade agreements should consider economic conditions as part of their process of developing public support. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA