cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microwave, infrared and Raman spectra, adjusted r0 structural parameters, conformational stability, and vibrational assignment of cyclopropylfluorosilane

Abstract FT-microwave, infrared spectra of gas and Raman spectra of liquid for cyclopropylfluorosilane, c-C3H5SiH2F have been recorded. 51 transitions for the 28Si, 29Si, and 30Si isotopomers have been assigned for the gauche conformer. Enthalpy differences in xenon solution by variable temperature infrared spectra between the more stable gauche and lesser stable cis form gave 109 ± 9 cm−1. From the microwave rotational constants for the three isotopomers (28Si, 29Si, 30Si) combined with structural parameters predicted from MP2(full)/6-311+G(d, p) calculations, adjusted r0 structural parameters were obtained for the gauche conformer. The heavy atom distances (A): Si–C2 = 1.836(3); C2–C4 = 1.525(3); C2–C5 = 1.519(3); C4–C5 = 1.494(3); Si–F = 1.594(3) and angles (°): ∠CSiF = 111.2(5); ∠SiC2C4 = 117.5(5); ∠SiC2C5 = 119.2(5). To support the vibrational assignments, MP2(full)/6-31G(d) calculations were carried out. Results are discussed and compared to the corresponding properties of some similar molecules.
Best accessible estimation: Convergence properties and limiting forms of the direct and reduced versions

Abstract Best accessible estimation is an iterative numerical procedure based on the stochastic extension concept that an integral equation of the first kind is improperly posed because it ignores background noise on the unknown function and measurement or computational error in the known function. Certain restrictions on the “reduced” version of the method, introduced originally to combat extreme noise levels, without resort to manipulation of very large matrices, have been removed. Alternate computational methods are presented, together with a basis for choosing between them according to the relative seriousness of different sources of error in a particular problem. It is shown that, in the absence of computational error, the iterative procedure would converge to the minimum-residue approximate solution of minimum norm, when appropriate ellipsoidal norms are employed which are defined by the noise and error processes present. There is no restriction on the form or correlation of these processes. Practical tests to detect cumulative numerical error and terminate iteration have been evaluated. An example, using actual experimental data, is given of the ability of the method to enhance the effective resolution of measurements. It is noteworthy that, when the equation to be solved represents inference of the input to a physical instrument from its measured output, then the iteration reveals most rapidly those sources to which the instrument responds most strongly and for the measurement of which it would most logically be employed. The concept of strength of response is sharpened by identification with the singular value belonging to a pair of basis functions for input and output, measured in terms of signal to noise ratio.
Effect of oral acyclovir on pain resolution in herpes zoster: A reanalysis

The most frequent complication of herpes zoster is postherpetic neuralgia, usually defined as chronic pain in the area of the exanthem that persists for at least a month after the skin lesions have healed. Several clinical studies of acyclovir showed a reduction in severity and duration of acute pain, but provided no definitive data for chronic pain. In order to determine if acyclovir therapy could reduce chronic pain, we reanalyzed data from the largest U.S. placebo-controlled treatment trial of 187 immunocompetent persons with herpes zoster. By considering pain as a continuum, we found that the median duration of pain in acyclovir recipients was 20 days vs. 62 days for their placebo counterparts (P = 0.02). Thus, acyclovir has been shown to reduce chronic zoster-associated pain. We also noted that the absence of pain at the onset of cutaneous herpes zoster did not preclude its later development.
Energy efficient computing: from milliwatt to megawatt

Energy is an important resource in today's computing systems, from mega data centers to tiny embedded devices. But the energy efficiency of these systems can be limited by our inability to accurately model and predict the energy usage. In this talk, I will describe our research in designing and deploying resource-constrained wireless sensor and mobile systems, and our work on monitoring and optimizing data centers with Internet-scale workloads. I will focus on the principles and tradeoffs learned from working on these systems. The design and optimization for energy efficiency requires a rethinking of the entire stack, from hardware to systems, networking, programming, and all the way to applications.
The interaction of thrombin and nucleotides: Effects of glycolysis in human platelets

Abstract Thrombin stimulated lactate formation in intact, but not disrupted, platelets, an effect inhibited by ADP and ATP. ADP and ATP stimulated lactate formation in disrupted, but not intact, platelets, an effect inhibited by thrombin. Both nucleotides altered the electrophoretic mobility of thrombin in polyacrylamide gel without affecting its molecular weight. Binding of thrombin to nucleotides could not be demonstrated by gel filtration, equilibrium dialysis, or affinity chromatography.
Effect of γ-Synuclein Silencing on Apoptotic Pathways in Retinal Ganglion Cells

γ-Synuclein (Syn G) is highly expressed in retinal ganglion cells and the loss of these cells in glaucoma is associated with significant reduction of the intracellular Syn G level. However, a causative relationship between these two events has not been established. Here we show that the knockdown of Syn G results in a decreased viability of the immortalized retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5). The Syn G silencing reduces phosphorylation of serine 112 (Ser112) in Bad protein, a member of the Bcl-2 family that plays a critical role in apoptotic cell death signaling. Our gene expression analysis data suggests that changes in Bad phosphorylation status may be caused by a coordinated shift in activities of kinases controlling Bad phosphorylation and phosphatases catalyzing its dephosphorylation. Moreover, increased phosphorylation of Bad-sequestering protein 14-3-3 detected in these cells is also pro-apoptotic. These results suggest that the homeostatic level of Syn G in RGC-5 cells is required for transcriptional regulation of protein kinases and phosphatases, controlling phosphorylation of Bad and 14-3-3. Lowering Syn G causes Bad dephosphorylation, dissociation from phosphorylated 14-3-3, and translocation to mitochondria where it initiates apoptotic death cascade.
Immunopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis

Ultraviolet light sources have been useful in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, and they have facilitated the understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in this disease. Currently there are a number of phototherapeutic options, which have been found to induce varying degrees of remission, although none have shown to be as effective as preventive therapy. Assessment of the risks and benefits involved and the practical issues like treatment cost and accessibility are necessary to prescribe a particular regimen. As with other therapies, patient education and compliance are important factors in the management of this chronic dermatosis.
Developmental expression of acid-base-related proteins in the rabbit kidney.

The newborn is limited in its ability to respond to acid-base perturbations. To investigate the development of renal H+/HCO3-transport mechanisms, we probed acid-base-related epitopes in the mesonephric and developing metanephric kidneys of rabbits. Using immunofluo-rescence with monoclonal antibodies to the vacuolar H+ATPase, band 3-like Cl−/HCO3-exchanger, and apical surface of fully differentiated β-intercalated cells, and peanut lectin cytochemistry (another marker of β-intercalated cells), we found that these epitopes were poorly expressed in the nephrogenic zone of the newborn kidney cortex. Deeper in the cortex, collecting ducts showed weak apical staining with β-intercalated cell antibodies and two patterns of staining with the H+ATPase and band 3 antibodies: polar and circumferential or diffuse. Some cells showed apical staining with H+ATPase while others showed diffuse staining, similar to that observed in the mature cortical collecting duct. Band 3 labeling was basolateral, as observed in the adult, and diffuse, which was rarely seen in mature kidney sections. Newborn outer medullary collecting ducts showed apical labeling with H+ATPase and basolateral staining with band 3 antibodies, similar to the mature outer medulla. Surprisingly, the mesonephric collecting tubule showed cells with apical H+ATPase staining or basolateral band 3 labeling and, less frequently, cells with positive staining for β-intercalated cells. The relative maturity of the mesonephric collecting tubule and similarity to what is observed in mature metanephric collecting ducts indicates that intercalated cells may be present and functioning in both organs. Thus, the lineage of intercalated cells may be more intricate than previously believed.
The Consumer as Forecaster

Consumer confidence, particularly consumer expectations for the short-term future, has proven to be a leading economic indicator. Over the past 15 years it has foretold all major business cycles signaling both the contraction and recovery phases. The buying plans component of the survey program, however, has not demonstrated a consistently convincing forecasting capacity. Fabian Linden is Executive Director, Consumer Research Center, The Conference Board. Public Opinion Quarterly Vol. 46:353-360 ? 1982 by the Trustees of Columbia University Published by Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc. 0033-362X/82/0046-353/$2.50 This content downloaded from 40.77.167.82 on Wed, 13 Jul 2016 05:31:07 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
The teaching-family model: Research and dissemination in a service program

Abstract The Teaching-Family Model serves as an example of how research can be used as feedback to change a residential treatment program for youths. Further, research can serve to modify training and evaluation of the program as well. The feedback loop established by continual research and evaluation serves to improve program quality, thus facilitating dissemination as the model is adopted by more agencies. From 1967 to 1980, the Teaching-Family Model expanded from one group home in Kansas to more than 150 homes across the United States. Through both successes and failures, proponents of the Teaching-Family Model learned that research and evaluation can and must be a part of the treatment delivery system rather than an occasional adjunct.
Microemulsion-directed synthesis of molecular sieve fibers

The aluminum phosphate molecular sieve AlPO4-5 with the AFI crystal structure was synthesized in a novel fibrous morphology through confined synthesis within water-in-toluene microemulsion droplets. The surfactant cetylpyridinium chloride with the cosurfactant butanol forms a thermodynamically stable single-phase microemulsion with the AlPO4-5 synthesis gel at room temperature. Several pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to map the single-phase microemulsion region. The phase diagrams were used as a guide for hydrothermal synthesis at various microemulsion compositions. Crystallization of AlPO4-5 was achieved at 180 °C either by conventional heating of the microemulsion for 6 h or microwave heating for 17 min. The crystals are much larger than the microemulsion droplets, so that the microemulsion does not simply act as a template, but rather directs crystal growth into fibers presumably by interacting with the surface of the growing crystal. The AlPO4-5 crystal morphology changes from individua...
Interspin distances determined by time domain EPR of spin-labeled high-spin methemoglobin

Continuous wave (CW) EPR spectra of the nitroxyl signal in high-spin fluoro- and aquo-methemoglobin spin-labeled at the β-93 cysteines exhibited line broadening as the temperature was reduced from 20 to 5 K. In the temperature interval where the CW spectra exhibited broadening, electron spin echo data showed a dramatic increase in the phase memory relaxation rate, 1/Tm, for the nitroxyl. The lineshape changes and changes in 1/Tm are attributed to iron—nitroxyl interaction in the regime where the iron relaxation rate in s−1 is of the same order of magnitude as the iron—nitroxyl spin—spin splitting expressed in s−1. Saturation recovery data for the nitroxyl signal in spin-labeled fluoro- and aquo-methemoglobin between 15 and 150 K demonstrated that interaction with the high-spin iron(III) enhanced the electron spin relaxation rate of the spin label. Electron spin relaxation rates for the ms = ± 1/2 transitions of the high-spin iron(III) were determined by electron spin echo and inversion recovery at 4.2–6 K and by analysis of the temperature-dependent contribution to the iron CW linewidths between about 20 and 150 K. The saturation recovery data for the nitroxyl in the spin-labeled methemoglobins were analyzed to determine the interspin distances, using a modified version of the Bloembergen equation and experimentally determined iron relaxation rates. Interspin distances in the high-spin methemoglobins (15.8–17.5 A) are systematically longer than in the low-spin analogs (15–15.5 A).
Amyotrophic leteral sclerosis: Part 2. Etiopathogenesis

The pathogenesis of the motor neuronal degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is unclear, though several possible etiological factors are currently being investigated. A unifying hypothesis will have to explain the diverse geographical occurrence, clinical features, and selective vulnerability and relative resistance of different neuronal populations in the disease. It is possible that different biochemical defects underlie this diversity, or alternatively that the many factors incriminated in the etiology may act upon an underlying genetic-biochemical abnormality to trigger premature neuronal death. Viruses, metals, endogenous toxins, immune dysfunction, endocrine abnormalities, impaired DNA repair, altered axonal transport, and trauma have all been etiologically linked with ALS, but convincing research evidence of a causative role for any of these factors is yet to be demonstrated.
Pohlia robertsonii and P. rabunbaldensis (Bryopsida, Mniaceae), Two New Species from the Western and Eastern United States

Abstract Pohlia robertsonii is newly described from central California. Plants with polysetous sporophytes immediately separate this species from all other members of the genus Pohlia in North America. Pohlia robertsonii is further characterized by firm, but not thickened leaf cells, paroicous inflorescences, long, narrowly cylindric capsules, and irregular peristomes in which the endostome segments equal or exceed the exostome teeth, and lack cilia. The peristomial formula is 4:2:2–4. Pohlia rabunbaldensis is described from the southern Appalachian Mountains of Georgia and North Carolina. The slender gametophytes bear single bud-like gemmae in upper leaf axils. The dull leaves that are somewhat shriveled on drying resemble those of P. annotina, but the large single gemmae with flexuose, broadly laminate leaf primordia resemble those of P. drummondii. The conspicuously decurrent leaves distinguish P. rabunbaldensis from both previously known species.
Experience with a “universal” introductory course in computer science

The increased demand for some type of introductory computing/computer science course does not stem solely from computer science epartments. A variety of other disciplines re discovering that the adequate training of computer users involves more than a short course in a programming language. Consequently, there is a need for a basic course sequence that:1. Teaches the fundamentals of computing to students from a wide variety of disciplines (including computer science);2. Provides the student with some useful skills, regardless of where he terminates in that sequence;3. Permits students who become interested in computing to study advanced topics without paying undue penalties (i.e., without trapping them in terminal courses);4. Accomplishes these aims without hopeless fragmentation of the department's offerings (as is still the case in mathematics) or giving up responsibility for most service courses (as is the case with statistics).
Representative Studies of Alcoholism and Personality: I. Naturalistic Studies

(1951). Representative Studies of Alcoholism and Personality: I. Naturalistic Studies. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 203-210.
UNSUPERVISED SUBMODULAR SUBSET SELECTION FOR SPEECH DATA

We conduct a comparative study on selecting subsets of acoustic data for training phone recognizers. The data selection problem is approached as a constrained submodular optimization problem. Previous applications of this approach required transcriptions or acoustic models trained in a supervised way. In this paper we develop and evaluate a novel and entirely unsupervised approach, and apply it to TIMIT data. Results show that our method consistently outperforms a number of baseline methods while being computationally very efficient and requiring no labeling.
The Use of Eigenvectors for Climatic Estimates

Abstract Eigenvectors may be used in the same way as orthogonal polynomials. They have an advantage over those orthogonal functions expressible by simple formulas, however, in that they are derived from the data being studied and strongly resemble the important features of the data, so that the first several eigenvectors contain a much higher percentage of “variance” than would be contained in an equal number of ordinary orthogonal polynomials. This paper describes the process by which a matrix of eigenvectors was derived from the sets of 12 mean-monthly precipitation values for 60 stations in Nevada. The first three eigenvectors (in order of importance) were found to account for 93% of the “variance” in the original 12 × 60 matrix of raw data and they are also found to have features in common with three natural cycles of annual precipitation in Nevada. The effect of station elevation on each eigenvector is determined by linear correlation. The station multipliers, corrected to a mean elevation, are plott...
BASIC programs for computation of the Goodman-Kruskal gamma coefficient

In this article, I provide programs in the BASIC language for computing the Goodman-Kruskal gamma coefficient in three situations: (1) when the data consist of two scores for each of N individual persons/items, as in a correlational situation; (2) when the data are arrayed in an ordered 2×2 contingency table, as in a cross-classification situation; or (3) when the data consist of two conditional probabilities (e.g., conditional probability of saying “old” given that the actual state is old, and conditional probability of saying “old” given that the actual state is new), as in an absolute-judgment or detection situation.
Purchasing professionals in state government: How ethical are they?

A survey of purchasing professionals in the Arizona state government was conducted to determine how familiar the buyers were with the Arizona laws regarding ethical conduct, what ethical standards they followed in purchasing, and what types of ethical dilemmas they faced in their work. The findings indicate that no serious ethical problems exist among the respondents. Employees in the centralized purchasing office seemed to act somewhat more ethically than buyers in peripheral offices, however.
Imaging of neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas

Background. Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas are uncommon neoplasms of the pancreas that can occur sporadically or in association with various syndromes such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1). Patients can present with a specific clinical syndrome related to biochemically functioning tumors or with nonspecific symptoms related to mass effect or metastases. The size, function, consistency, and malignant behavior of neuroendocrine tumors are integrally related. Imaging has a major role in the preoperative localization of the primary tumor and detection of metastases. Several techniques are available including ultrasound, endoscopic ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), MR, somatostatin receptor scintigraphy, angiography, and arterial stimulation with venous sampling; each with unique advantages and limitations. The reported performance for these techniques vary widely, and as a result, recommended imaging algorithms are controversial. Recent technical advances in ultrasound, CT, and MRI have occurred that may improve the sensitivity of some of the techniques. Further improvements are likely in the future. In this chapter we will review imaging techniques used to study the pancreas as it relates to the detection of neuroendocrine tumors, imaging findings of these tumors using various imaging modalities, and the advantages, limitations and results obtained with each technique.
Time-course comparison of xenobiotic activators of CAR and PPARα in mouse liver

Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR){alpha} are transcription factors known to be primary mediators of liver effects, including carcinogenesis, by phenobarbital-like compounds and peroxisome proliferators, respectively, in rodents. Many similarities exist in the phenotypes elicited by these two classes of agents in rodent liver, and we hypothesized that the initial transcriptional responses to the xenobiotic activators of CAR and PPAR{alpha} will exhibit distinct patterns, but at later time-points these biological pathways will converge. In order to capture the global transcriptional changes that result from activation of these nuclear receptors over a time-course in the mouse liver, microarray technology was used. First, differences in basal expression of liver genes between C57Bl/6J wild-type and Car-null mice were examined and 14 significantly differentially expressed genes were identified. Next, mice were treated with phenobarbital (100 mg/kg by gavage for 24 h, or 0.085% w/w diet for 7 or 28 days), and liver gene expression changes with regards to both time and treatment were identified. While several pathways related to cellular proliferation and metabolism were affected by phenobarbital in wild-type mice, no significant changes in gene expression were found over time in the Car-nulls. Next, we determined commonalities and differences inmore » the temporal response to phenobarbital and WY-14,643, a prototypical activator of PPAR {alpha}. Gene expression signatures from livers of wild-type mice C57Bl6/J mice treated with PB or WY-14,643 were compared. Similar pathways were affected by both compounds; however, considerable time-related differences were present. This study establishes common gene expression fingerprints of exposure to activators of CAR and PPAR{alpha} in rodent liver and demonstrates that despite similar phenotypic changes, molecular pathways differ between classes of chemical carcinogens.« less
Predictive value of normal left atrial volume in stress echocardiography.

Predictive Value of Normal Left Atrial Volume in Stress EchocardiographyAhmed A. Alsaileek, Martin Osranek, Kaniz Fatema, Robert B. McCully, Teresa S. Tsang, James B. SewardIncreased left atrial vo...
In the absence of vote pooling: Nomination and vote allocation errors in Colombia

Abstract Electoral systems vary in the degree to which candidates and parties may pool their votes to maximize seats won. The Japanese single nontransferable vote (SNTV) system allows no vote pooling. Hence parties may commit errors in nomination and vote allocation. List proportional representation (PR) also may limit the amount of vote pooling among lists. If a party is internally fragmented, as in Colombia, list PR may even resemble SNTV. Thus we can compare Colombian error rates to Japanese. The Colombian Liberal Party is less error-prone than the country-specific literature implies; however, the Colombian case suggests that an absence of vote pooling can be costly to parties even under PR systems.
Analysis, Simulation and Measurements of CBS Antennas Loaded With Non-Uniformly Biased Ferrite Material

When ferrite materials are used in the design of the CBS antennas, they are usually magnetized by the applied magnetic field produced by an electromagnet or permanent magnets. In modeling of such antennas, it is common practice to ignore the actual distribution of the applied field and assume it is uniform. We demonstrate that such an assumption leads to inaccurate results when the applied field is severely non-uniform. In contrast to the previous formulations, a formulation presented here leads to accurate modeling and simulated results compare very well with measurement for both uniform and non-uniform field distributions. The utility of the proposed approach is especially evident for the case when the applied magnetic field is severely non-uniform.
A comparative study examining constraints to leisure and recreation opportunities for youth living in remote and isolated communities

Abstract Separation from major population centres can create a number of barriers and constraints for leisure professionals and their constituents. Constraints may be intrapersonal, interpersonal, or structural in nature. Several factors, including accessibility, mobility, relative location of recreational facilities, and resources to create opportunities, have been documented as constraints on leisure. To date, there has been limited research on constraints to adolescent youth involvement in education, leisure, and recreation programs in remote and isolated communities. The purpose of this study was to examine the constraints related to leisure and recreation opportunities of adolescent youth who live in three remote and isolated locations on the Hawaiian Islands. A total of 1,968 surveys were completed by adolescents in grades 6–12 who attended intermediate schools and high schools in Hawaii. Results indicated that a number of intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural constraints exist, impacting on ...
MELT VISCOSITY OF METALLOCENE ETHYLENE-OCTENE COPOLYMERS

Steady shear viscosity of a metallocene ethylene-octene copolymer was studied in a capillary rheometer at temperatures ranging from 110°C to 230°C. An equation to make pressure corrections for length-pressure relationships was used to obtain the wall shear stress and the end correction. From the wall shear stress the steady shear viscosity was calculated. Steady shear viscosity of the ethylene-octene copolymer showed higher activation energy than polyethylene. From the break in the plot of the end correction versus wall shear stress the critical stress for melt fracture was found to increase when temperature increased. However, from observation of the extrudate, the melt fracture occurred at a constant stress.
Pressure-induced structural changes in the system Ba1−xSrxRuO3

Abstract As part of a continuing study to demonstrate that there are only three intermediate structures between the all hexagonal stacking of AX 3 layers in CsNiCl 3 to the all cubic stacking in the perovskite structure, we report a structural investigation of the Ba 1−x Sr x RuO 3 system as a function of pressure and the composition x. It has been found that both pressure and increasing Sr 2+ increase the proportion of cubic close packed layers. The metastable phases prepared at high pressure are stable to 1100°C at atmospheric pressure.
Comparison of NEXRAD and Rain Gauge Precipitation Measurements in South Florida

The South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) relies on a network of nearly 300 rain gauges in order to provide rainfall data for use in operations, modeling, water supply planning, and environmental projects. However, the prevalence of convective and tropical disturbances in South Florida during the wet season presents a challenge in that the current rain gauge network may not fully capture rain events that demonstrate high spatial variability. Next Generation Radar (NEXRAD) technology offers the advantage of providing a spatial account of rainfall, although the quality of radar-rainfall measurements remains largely unknown. The comparison of rainfall estimates from a gauge-adjusted, NEXRAD-based product developed by the OneRain Company with precipitation measurements from SFWMD rain gauges was performed for the Upper and Lower Kissimmee River Basins over a four-year period from 2002 to 2005. Overall, NEXRAD was found to underestimate rainfall with respect to the rain gauges for the study period, d...
Geometrically Nonlinear Shell Element for Hygrothermorheologically Simple Linear Viscoelastic Composites

A triangular flat shell element for large deformation analysis of linear viscoelastic laminated composites is presented. Hygrothermorheologically simple materials are considered for which a change in the hygrothermal environment results in a horizontal shifting of the relaxation moduli curves on a log time scale, in addition to the usual hygrothermal loads. Recurrence relations are developed and implemented for the evaluation of the viscoelastic memory loads. The nonlinear deformation process is computed using an incremental/iterative approach with the Newton-Raphson Method used to find the incremental displacements in each step. The presented numerical examples consider the large deformation and stability of linear viscoelastic structures under deformation-independent mechanical loads, deformation-dependent pressure loads, and thermal loads. Unlike elastic structures that have a single critical load value associated with a given snapping of buckling instability phenomenon, viscoelastic structures will usually exhibit a particular instability for a range of applied loads over a range of critical times. Both creep buckling and snap-through examples are presented here. In some cases, viscoelastic results are also obtained using the quasielastic method in which load-history effects are ignored, and time-varying viscoelastic properties are simply used in a series of elastic problems. The presented numerical examples demonstrate the capability and accuracy of the formulation.
Non-organic failure-to-thrive: deprivation or distortion?

Infants diagnosed non-organic failure-to-thrive (NOFT) show arrested physical development. The cause of the growth delay and of the accompanying behavioral anomalies is not known, but generally is attributed to maternal deprivation. This study investigated the hypothesis that family hostility was also a contributing factor. NOFT families were compared with maltreating and adequate families and found to be larger and more intact, but characterized by extremely distressed interpersonal relationships and family violence. This result was interpreted as suggesting that NOFT resulted from the stress of both insufficient and inappropriate treatment of the infant. The source of the stress was observed to include the entire family, the members of which were displaying other psychosomatic manifestations of stress.
Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza virus. I. Behavior in tissue culture and in experimental animals.

For many years, immunization against influenza virus infection in the United States has been carried out exclusively with inactivated vaccines, and although their widespread use has been advocated, severe epidemics of influenza type A continue to occur every 1-3 years. In Russia, live-virus vaccines against influenza have been under study for years, but the desired degree of attenuation has been diflicult to achieve, and the protective efficacy has usually not exceeded that obtained with inactivated vaccines in the United States [1, 2]. A live vaccine for influenza might be superior to an inactivated vaccine for several reasons: (7) greater ease and acceptability of administration; (2) a smaller amount of virus required for each dose; (3) better stimulation of the local immune response in the respiratory tract [3]; {4) a protective effect that may be broader [4]; and (5) possible protection against natural infection that occurs shortly after vaccination through interference mechanisms.
Technological modernization under resource scarcity

SUMMARY A nonlinear optimal control problem describes the capital modernization strategy of a firm under improving technology and restrictions on available resources. The restricted resource may be space, land, labor, finance, or environmental pollution. The authors reveal a complete qualitative picture of optimal regimes and show that the only profitable long-run growth scenario uses the entire available resource and involves capital modernization. It is shown that a high price of resource or capital suppresses the technology adoption by firms and leads to the firm shutdown. In contrast, resource regulation promotes scrapping of obsolete capital and adoption of new technology and stabilizes the growth of all firms in the industry. Copyrightcopyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absence of long-wavelength Cerenkov radiation with isotropic Lorentz and C P T violation

Modified theories of electrodynamics that include violations of Lorentz symmetry often allow for the possibility of vacuum Cerenkov radiation. This phenomenon has previously been studied in a number of Lorentz-violating theories, but none of the methods that have previously been developed are sufficient to study a theory with a timelike Chern-Simons term ${k}_{AF}$, because such a term may generate exponentially growing solutions to the field equations. Searching for vacuum Cerenkov radiation in a theory with a purely timelike Chern-Simons term using only elementary methods, we find that, despite the presence of the runaway modes, a charge in uniform nonrelativistic motion does not radiate energy, up to second order in the velocity.
A harmonic oscillator model of the conformationally flexible helical polymeric molecules

The approach of the persistence vector to its asymptotic limit can be characterized by the average projection of a unit vector along the last bond onto a unit vector along the first bond. The behavior of this projection has been examined in simple, predominantly helical chains in which limited flexibility is introduced by either of two devices: occurrence in an average way of a configuration much different from that required for helix propagation, and use of a square-well potential centered at the dihedral angle utilized in a rigid helix. The manner in which flexibility is introduced determines the behavior of the angular frequency as well as the relative decay rates for oscillations and the midpoint about which oscillations occur.
Simple flat extensions

S as in (*) is a $at extension of R if and only if I is a projective ideal of R[X], and the ideal of R generated by the coemts of the polynomzizls in I [the so-called content of I, notation : c(I)] is generated by an idempotent element of R. Moreover, if c(I) = R, then S is R-projective if and only if S is integral over R.
Modeling the lateral cortical connections and Area V1 to LGN feedback for producing segment completion, noise reduction, and attentional effects

A network of primary visual cortex simple cells has been modeled to respond to varying degrees of segment orientation contained within an input image. Although these cells receive a significant receptive field input from a grid of model lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) cells, they also receive inputs from both long-range excitatory and short-range inhibitory lateral connections made with adjacent simple cells. These cortical interactions have the effect of enhancing stronger signals, filling-in missing or incomplete image information, and reducing locally connected noise. This filtering process is facilitated by the modification of the LGN cell responses, each receiving both positive and negative feedback from retinotopically located cortical simple cells. In addition to the aforementioned filtering, adjusting the levels of cortical feedback, as well as the influence of top- down signals, can also produce attentional effects. Simulations with noisy and incomplete images are used to demonstrate the performance of the network model.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effective properties of three-phase materials

Abstract Bounds are presented on the effective properties— i.e. thermal, electrical or magnetic—of three-phase materials. Shape information of the constituent phases is incorporated in the bounds although positioning information is not. The bounds are shown to reduce to the Miller bounds, obtained for two-phase materials, in the special case in which two of the three phases have identical physical properties and identical shapes. Investigation of the bounds for small volume fractions of two of the constituent phases— i.e. a dilute suspension—demonstrates that they are not coincident with each other nor with the small concentration ‘solution’ for any inclusion shape so long as the inclusion phases are distinct from one another. This demonstration indicates that the relative positioning of the inclusions of one phase vis-a-vis those of the second phase is important even in the dilute suspension limit. Thus, one is required to solve a two-body problem to obtain a valid small concentration solution for three-phase materials. A numerical study of the bounds is carried out. Finally, the extension of the bounds to n-phase materials and to fibre-reinforced composites is accomplished.
"La voluntad" y el anarquismo literario de Martínez Ruiz

In this article, the author observes, enumerates and details the anarchist political philosophy -which entitles freedom, individualism, progress and science- in correspondence to the aesthetic of Martinez Ruiz's La voluntad, its structure, its topics and its language. Considering that Modernismo implies a revolution or spiritual crisis of the letters, the article unifies the aestheticand political principles of this literary movement with the literary anarchism, spread by Martinez Ruiz in articles such as "Anarquistas literarios" and "Notas sociales", Pio Baroja's "Prologo casi doctrinal a la novela" and Ruben Dario's Espana contemporanea. The final objective of this article is to establish the development of Fin de siecle realistic-naturalist narrative into Modernism, using the heterogeneous model of La voluntad.
Human Lactoferrin Impairs Virulence of Shigella flexneri

Lactoferrin is a glycoprotein present in most human mucosal secretions, including human milk. Lactoferrin is bacteriostatic in low iron media and, in some settings, bactericidal. Lactoferrin impairs ability of Shigella flexneri serotype 5 strain M90T to invade HeLa cells. To determine the mechanism by which lactoferrin decreases invasiveness of Shigella organisms, its effect on the major virulence proteins responsible for bacterial uptake by host cells was evaluated. Lactoferrin induced degradation of invasion plasmid antigens IpaB and, to a lesser extent, IpaC, the key proteins responsible for bacteria-directed phagocytosis by mammalian cells. The lipid A-binding N-terminal portion of lactoferrin (residues 1-33) induces release of invasion antigens but does not induce degradation of IpaBC. Lactoferrin does not directly degrade previously released invasion plasmid antigens but works by making IpaBC susceptible to breakdown by surface-expressed protease(s).
reflections on Christianity in China

Although Christian missions were present in China by A.D. 671 and mission-introduced medical and educational institutions have flourished, Christianity has never gained an important place in Chinese religious life. This essay reflects upon the long-term failure of Christianity to adapt to local beliefs and contexts (in contrast to Buddhism), and suggests that the future of Christianity in China is no more secure than its past.
A family with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome and Peters Anomaly caused by a point mutation (Phe112Ser) in the FOXC1 gene.

Abstract Purpose Mutations of the forkhead transcription factor gene FOXC1 result in anterior segment anomalies. No description of the spectrum of defects resulting from a single point mutation of this gene exists in the ophthalmology literature. We have screened all available patients with Axenfeld–Rieger genes ( PITX2 and FOXC1 ). In this report, we clinically characterize the spectrum of ocular and systemic manifestations in one family resulting from a previously reported point mutation (Phe112Ser) in FOXC1 . Design Observational case series. Methods Ten members of a multigenerational family were examined for signs of glaucoma, anterior segment abnormalities, and systemic features of Axenfeld–Rieger syndrome. The examinations were performed in an ophthalmology examination room or in the patients' homes. Blood was obtained from 10 members and screened for mutations in FOXC1 using direct DNA sequencing. Results A single mutation causing a T to C change in codon 112 (Phe112Ser) of FOXC1 was present in six members of the family. Five of these six patients were examined and all demonstrated anterior segment anomalies. One patient had Axenfeld anomaly, one had Rieger syndrome, and one had both Axenfeld anomaly and Peters anomaly. Additionally, some members demonstrated cardiac abnormalities, which may be secondary to their FOXC1 mutation. Conclusions A wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes can result from a single point mutation of FOXC1 . This report confirms that Rieger syndrome (with dental and facial abnormalities) can be caused by a mutation in FOXC1 . It is also the first report of Peters anomaly being caused by a FOXC1 mutation.
A Parallel Prefix Algorithm for Almost Toeplitz Tridiagonal Systems

A compact scheme is a discretization scheme that is advantageous in obtaining highly accurate solutions. However, the resulting systems from compact schemes are tridiagonal systems that are difficult to solve efficiently on parallel computers. Considering the almost symmetric Toeplitz structure, a parallel algorithm, simple parallel prefix (SPP), is proposed. The SPP algorithm requires less memory than the conventional LU decomposition and is efficient on parallel machines. It consists of a prefix communication pattern and AXPY operations. Both the computation and the communication can be truncated without degrading the accuracy when the system is diagonally dominant. A formal accuracy study has been conducted to provide a simple truncation formula. Experimental results have been measured on a MasPar MP-1 SIMD machine and on a Cray 2 vector machine. Experimental results show that the simple parallel prefix algorithm is a good algorithm for symmetric, almost symmetric Toeplitz tridiagonal systems and for the compact scheme on high-performance computers.
Different dietary restriction regimens extend lifespan by both independent and overlapping genetic pathways in C. elegans

Dietary restriction (DR) has the remarkable ability to extend lifespan and healthspan. A variety of DR regimens have been described in species ranging from yeast to mammals. However, whether different DR regimens extend lifespan via universal, distinct, or overlapping pathways is still an open question. Here we examine the genetic pathways that mediate longevity by different DR regimens in Caenorhabditis elegans. We have previously shown that the low-energy sensing AMP-activated protein kinase AMPK/aak-2 and the Forkhead transcription factor FoxO/daf-16 are necessary for longevity induced by a DR regimen that we developed (sDR). Here we find that AMPK and FoxO are necessary for longevity induced by another DR regimen, but are dispensable for the lifespan extension induced by two different DR methods. Intriguingly, AMPK is also necessary for the lifespan extension elicited by resveratrol, a natural polyphenol that mimics some aspects of DR. Conversely, we test if genes previously reported to mediate longevity by a variety of DR methods are necessary for sDR-induced longevity. Although clk-1, a gene involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis, is also required for sDR-induced lifespan extension, we find that four other genes (sir-2.1, FoxA/pha-4, skn-1, and hsf-1) are all dispensable for longevity induced by sDR. Consistent with the observation that different DR methods extend lifespan by mostly independent genetic mechanisms, we find that the effects on lifespan of two different DR regimens are additive. Understanding the genetic network by which different DR regimens extend lifespan has important implications for harnessing the full benefits of DR on lifespan and healthspan.
Non-exhaustive Learning for Bacteria Detection

Technologies for rapid detection and classification of bacterial pathogens are crucial for securing the food supply. A light-scattering sensor recently developed for real-time detection and identification of colonies of multiple pathogens has shown great promise for distinguishing bacteria cultures at the genus and species level for Listeria, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Vibrio, and Escherichia. Unlike traditional testing methods, this new technology does not require a labeling reagent or biochemical processing. The classification approach currently used with this technology relies on supervised learning. For an accurate detection and classification of bacterial pathogens, the training library used to train the classifier should consist of samples of all possible forms of the pathogens. Construction of such a training library is impractical if not impossible due to the high mutation rate that characterizes some of the infectious agents. In this study we propose a Bayesian approach to advance this sensor technology to allow for the detection of new classes/subclasses of bacteria, which do not exist in the training library. Learning with a nonexhaustive training library is an ill-defined problem. We assume Gaussian distributions for bacteria subclasses and implement a maximum likelihood classifier. A pair of conjugate priors based on Wishart distribution is defined and the covariance matrices are estimated by the posterior mean. A new sample is classified into one of the existing set of classes if the maximum of the likelihoods is above a designated threshold. If not, the sample is considered a novelty, i.e. a sample of a potentially new class. We compare the proposed approach with a benchmark support estimation technique as well as a simulated Bayesian modelling approach recently proposed.
Fostering public health leadership.

The crescendo of seemingly intractable threats to our global well-being has prompted a call for more leaders in public health. Indeed, many highly motivated and well-intentioned individuals seem poised to respond. But as aspiring public health leaders prepare for action, there is a marked dearth of proven and tested teachings, models and frameworks to guide them. With relatively little public health literature on the topic, those hungry for leadership insights might understandably turn to the abundant lessons generated in the business, government, military and even sports sectors. However, such an approach not only overlooks the special nature of public health problems but also the unique opportunities that make leadership in public health a rich source of inspiration, frustration and fascination.
Axoglial contacts in the area postrema of the cat: An ultrastructural study

Axoglial contacts were observed in an ultrastructural study of the area postrema of the cat. According to the disposition of the electron-dense projections attached to the adjoining membranes these contacts were classified as symmetrical or asymmetrical. The axon profiles contained aggregations of clear vesicles randomly distributed or grouped in clusters adjacent to the electron-dense projections. Dense core vesicles were occasionally seen. The neuroglial profiles were either astrocytic or ependymoglial in nature. The astrocytes showed a clear cytoplasm, polymorphous vesicles, mitochondria, glycogen granules, and bundles of filaments. The ependymal cells, in contrast, had a more electron-dense and granular appearance, tubular structures, irregular vesicular formations, profiles of smooth reticuloendoplasm, and filaments grouped in bundles or isolated in the cytoplasm. The possibility that these contacts might play a role in the chemical transfer from neurons to glial cells is discussed on the basis of existing biochemical data.