cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Algorithm for Sequency Ordering of Hadamard Functions

A simple algorithm is developed for obtaining the sequency vector of high-order Hadamard transform matrices without the need for converting the order of individual Hadamard functions to sequency.
Hypoglycemia-induced Suppression of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Secretion in Intact Female Rhesus Macaques: Role of Vasopressin and Endogenous Opioids

The first objective of this study was to determine whether insulin-induced hypoglycemia (IIH) inhibits LH secretion in unrestrained female macaques during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. There was a consistent inhibitory effect of hypoglycemia on LH secretion within 3 h in these females. This inhibition was likely an indirect effect since low glucose levels did not inhibit GnRH secretion from GT1-1 neurones in vitro. We next investigated whether administration of a vasopressin antagonist (AVPa) either alone, or with naloxone could reverse the IIH-induced inhibition of LH release. Females were studied in the follicular phase during 10 h periods with blood samples collected every 10 min. Experimental groups were IIH ( n =6), IIH+AVPa ( n =5) and IIH+AVPa+naloxone ( n =4). The first 5 h of each study served as a control and hypoglycemia was then induced with insulin. The AVPa was given as a bolus (180 &#119 g) just before the insulin and was followed by a continuous infusion (180 &#119 g/h) for ...
Nonstable Cycle and Level Sets for Linear Sequential Machines

It is shown that the cycles sets of a linear sequential machine with a constant input having no stable state, are derivable from the cycle sets of that same linear sequential machine with a constant 0 input. It is shown that the level sets are independent of the input. A synthesis procedure and an example are presented. The objective of this short paper is to show the relation between the cycle set and level set of a linear sequential autonomous circuit and the cycle set and level set of a linear sequential circuit with a constant input. It was shown Srinivasan [1] that in response to a constant input, the cycle set (C) obtained, is exactly that obtained when another input was applied repetitively, provided that for both these inputs, there exists a stable state (under an input, the next state equals the present state). We ask now if the levels sets (L) are also identical and, more important, what is the state graph of a linear sequential circuit in response to a constant input under which no stable state exists. The parameters cycle sets (number and length of cycles) [2] and level sets (number of states per level in a tree) [3] are examined to see if a constant input will alter them; only the cycle sets are altered, if at all, by a constant input.
The response of man to virulent Shigella flexneri 2a.

In the United States, epidemic shigellosis has been a particularly important problem in confined groups such as the military, institutions for the mentally retarded, and Indian reservations. It is in such confined populations that an effective Shigella vaccine would be most beneficial. Shigella flexneri 2a is an important cause of both sporadic and epidemic shigellosis in the United States. Between the years 1963 and 1966 this pathogen accounted for approximately one-fourth of all Shigella isolates reported to the National Communicable Disease Center [1]. In 1967 this center recorded 11,405 isolations of all Shigella [2]. In order to test the effectiveness of oral attenuated living S. flexneri 2a vaccines, an experimental model has been developed in man. The response of volunteers to oral challenge by virulent S. flexneri 2a was determined at doses of 104 -108 viable organisms.
The synthesis in vitro of valine and isoleucine from pyruvate and α-ketobutyrate in neurospora

Abstract 1. 1. Pyruvate participates directly in the synthesis of in vitro of valine and isoleucine by a particulate fraction of Neurospora crassa. 2. 2. The simultaneous synthesis in vitro of both valine and isoleucine is demonstrated by this same fraction, and it is shown that a competition exists between the substrates, pyruvate and α-ketobutyrate, and α-acetolactate and α-aceto-α-hydroxybutyrate.
On Stokes slip flow through a transversely wavy channel

Abstract The Stokes flow through a wavy or corrugated channel with surface slip is studied. The correct Navier's partial slip condition is applied and perturbation solutions about the small amplitude to channel width ratio are obtained. As in Stokes slip flow over a sphere, the resistance is not zero even when slip is infinite. The resistance (due to the interaction of waviness and slip) is larger when the corrugations of the two plates are out of phase than that when they are in phase.
Some Pertinent Questions on Collective Violence and the News Media

How responsible the coverage of conflict and confrontation by the news media is for the violence in contemporary American society involves at least four separate issues. (1) Do general news practices help create violence-prone situations? (2) What effect does the presence of TV and other news media in such situations have on the likelihood that violence will erupt? (3) What impact do news reports of violence already in progress have on its subsequent spread or abatement? (4) Are predictions of violence more likely to become self-fulfilling or self-defeating? The information available suggests that the media are rarely a major influence on the amount of violence in any specific situation and that they function as much to deter as to incite violence. Yet, if media reports of both actual and potential violence affect expectations, then this will influence the nature of public protest as well as the official response to it and to other situations where the possibility of violent confrontation must be reckoned with. Language: en
Cholesterol gallstone induction in hamsters reflects strain differences in plasma lipoproteins and bile acid profiles

Because different strains of hamsters vary in their susceptibility to gallstones, the relationship between plasma lipoproteins, hepatic cholesterol, bile lipids and bile acid profile was examined during gallstone induction in strains of male Syrian hamsters from Charles River Lakeview (CHR), Biobreeder F1B (BIO) and Harlan Sprague-Dawley (HAR). Gallstones were induced by feeding a purified diet containing 0.4 or 0.8% cholesterol for 5 wk. Basal plasma total cholesterol was similar, but the hypercholesterolemia induced by dietary challenge was significantly lower in CHR than in HAR and BIO hamsters. Cholesterol-fed CHR hamsters transported cholesterol mainly in HDL (47%), whereas VLDL-C+IDL-C predominated in BIO and HAR hamsters, and their HDL transported only 28 and 38%, respectively. HAR hamsters accumulated the most hepatic cholesterol, revealed the highest cholate/cheno ratio, the lowest glycine/taurine ratio and hydrophobicity index. HAR also developed the fewest cholesterol gallstones (23%), while 64% of CHR and 58% of BIO hamsters had cholesterol gallstones and 34% of BIO hamsters developed pigment stones. Doubling dietary cholesterol from 0.4 to 0.8% doubled the incidence of cholesterol gallstones but exerted minimal impact on other parameters compared to strain differences. Thus, different strains of hamsters vary considerably with respect to biliary cholesterol, bile acid profile and formation of cholesterol gallstones associated with differences in plasma lipoprotein profiles.
The influence of school architecture on academic achievement

Limited, dated information is available to school administrators concerning the influence that the built learning environment has on academic achievement. Given the population increases, volatile standardized test scores, demand for new schools, and deplorable conditions of school facilities in the United States, it is timely to investigate this neglected aspect of educational research. In the face of radical technological changes and curriculum innovations, much of the new public school architectural design is tied firmly to past and outdated practices. Currently reform advocates push for program change to occur, while voicing minimal concern for the often obsolete and shabby physical environments of the schools where the program improvement is to evolve. With these problems representing the educational need, the specific purpose of this study was to determine how school architectural design factors might influence student achievement scores in elementary schools. A total of seven design factors were found to correlate with student learning outcomes.
Evaluation of Television Program Content for the Purpose of Promotional Segmentation

A factor analysis of television viewing, which avoids conceptual and statistical shortcomings found in previous studies, generated eight configurations that appear to be show types. Show type and d...
A computational and experimental investigation of shear coaxial jet atomization

The instability and subsequent atomization of a viscous liquid jet emanated into a high-pressure gaseous surrounding is studied both computationally and experimentally. Liquid water issued into nitrogen gas at elevated pressures is used to simulate the flow conditions in a coaxial shear injector element relevant to liquid propellant rocket engines. The theoretical analysis is based on a simplified mathematical formulation of the continuity and momentum equations in their conservative form. Numerical solutions of the governing equations subject to appropriate initial and boundary conditions are obtained via a robust finite difference scheme. The computations yield real-time evolution and subsequent breakup characteristics of the liquid jet. The experimental investigation utilizes a digital imaging technique to measure resultant drop sizes. Data were collected for liquid Reynolds number between 2,500 and 25,000, aerodynamic Weber number range of 50-500 and ambient gas pressures from 150 to 1200 psia. Comparison of the model predictions and experimental data for drop sizes at gas pressures of 150 and 300 psia reveal satisfactory agreement particularly for lower values of investigated Weber number. The present model is intended as a component of a practical tool to facilitate design and optimization of coaxial shear atomizers.
Effect of reward on speed of coding for normal and hearing-impaired children

Three groups of children who received rewarded practice on a sequential-processing-and-memory task, similar to one subtest of the WISC, improved and retained gains on re test after a retention interval The low-achieving deaf performed less well than the other two groups throughout. Other investigators have inferred that a “specific factor” measured by the coding test is related to reading and language development in normal children. Compounding a deficiency in this skill with an additional sensory handicap, such as deafness, shows the relation more clearly.
The Middle and Later Stone Age faunal remains from Diepkloof Rock Shelter, Western Cape, South Africa

The faunal sample from the Middle Stone Age (MSA) and overlying Later Stone Age (LSA) deposits of Diepkloof Rock Shelter (Western Cape Province, South Africa) includes at least 40 taxa, mostly mammals, but also tortoises, snakes, birds (especially ostrich represented by eggshell), and intertidal mollusks. The LSA sample contains only species that occurred nearby historically, including domestic sheep, which LSA people introduced to the region by 1800 years ago. In contrast, like other Western Cape MSA faunas, the Diepkloof MSA sample has more species and it is especially notable for five large extralimital grazing species. These imply a greater-than-historic role for grasses in the local vegetation, particularly in the post-Howiesons Poort (latest MSA) interval where the grazers appear most abundant. Extreme fragmentation and dark-staining impedes analysis of the MSA bones, but cut-marks, abundant burning, and numerous associated artifacts suggest that people were the main accumulators. Rare coprolites imply that carnivores could have contributed some bones, and concentrations of small mammal bones, particularly near the bottom of the MSA sequence, suggest a role for raptors. Tortoise bones are common throughout the sequence, and the MSA specimens tend to be especially large, as in other MSA assemblages. The LSA specimens are smaller, probably because LSA human populations were denser and preyed on tortoises more intensively. The most surprising aspect of the Diepkloof assemblage is its marine component. The coast is currently 14 km away and it would have been even more distant during much of the MSA when sea levels were often lower. Intertidal mollusks, particularly black mussels and granite limpets, are concentrated in the LSA and in the Late and Post-Howiesons Poort layers. Only LSA shells are complete enough for measurement, and the limpets are small as at other LSA sites. The implication is again for more intense LSA collection by relatively dense human populations. Both the LSA and MSA deposits also contain bones of shorebirds and Cape fur seals. Whale barnacles and occasional dolphin bones indicate that MSA people scavenged beached cetaceans.
Hydroxyl radical production and DNA damage induced by anthracycline-iron complex

Adriamycin-Fe3+ complex catalyzes the formation of hydroxyl radical from hydrogen peroxide but the DNA-adriamycin-iron ternary complex is much more effective. 11-Deoxyadriamycin, which shows no spectral evidence of complex formation with iron, was ineffective. The generation of hydroxyl radical by adriamycin-Fe3+ complex in the presence of DNA correlates with its ability to cleave DNA. Hydroxyl radicals are thus implicated as the reactive oxygen species involved in the DNA damage caused by the adriamycin-Fe3+ complex.
Communication Challenges and Role Functions of Performing Groups

This artick examines the internal and external communication of an underresearched type of small group, the performing group. A participant observation case study of a nightclub band explores the challenge of engaging in internal and external group communication simultaneously. The author uses Bochner's lypology ofthefivefunctions of communication-impression management, expression, organization, validation, and protection-to define role functions salient to this performing group. Signals sent by different members to other members and the audience provide evidence of three previously unidentified rolefunctions-frontperson, expressive leader, and stage leader-described in terms of concernfordifferent functions of communication.
Large and Small Scale Structure in Rayleigh-Taylor Mixing

Laser-induced fluorescence is used to image the central plane of the mix region of two immiscible liquids subject to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability at an acceleration of 70 times Earth{close_quote}s gravity. The size of the mixing zone grows with coefficient {alpha}{sub b}{approx_gt}0.054 . Individual bubbles are clearly resolved and their structure is measured. The widths of the bubbles are narrower than recent models predict. An internal structure in the bubbles appears after the mixing zone is established. This structure suggests a cascade to small wavelengths. The cascade is required for molecular mix. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
Heat Transfer Behavior of Silica Nanoparticles in Pool Boiling Experiment

The heat transfer characteristics of silica (SiO 2 ) nanofluids at 0.5 vol % concentration and particle sizes of 10 nm and 20 nm in pool boiling with a suspended heating Nichrome wire have been analyzed. The influence of acidity on heat transfer has been studied. The pH value of the nanosuspensions is important from the point of view that it determines the stability of the particles and their mutual interactions toward the suspended heated wire. When there is no particle deposition on the wire, the nanofluid increases critical heat flux (CHF) by about 50% within the uncertainty limits regardless of pH of the base fluid or particle size. The extent of oxidation on the wire impacts CHF, and is influenced by the chemical composition of nanofluids in buffer solutions. The boiling regime is further extended to higher heat flux when there is agglomeration on the wire. This agglomeration allows high heat transfer through interagglomerate pores, resulting in a nearly threefold increase in burnout heat flux. This deposition occurs for the charged 10 nm silica particle. The chemical composition, oxidation, and packing of the particles within the deposition on the wire are shown to be the reasons for the extension of the boiling regime and the net enhancement of the burnout heat flux.
STRUCTURE, FORCE, AND ENERGY OF A DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA OLIGONUCLEOTIDE UNDER TENSILE LOADS

The end-to-end stretching of a duplex DNA oligonucleotide has been studied using potential of mean force (PMF) calculations based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments. Near quantitative agreement between the calculations and experiments was obtained for both the extension length and forces associated with strand separation. The PMF calculations show that the oligonucleotide extends without a significant energetic barrier from a length shorter than A-DNA to a length 2.4 times the contour length of B-DNA at which the barrier to strand separation is encountered. Calculated forces associated with the barrier are 0.09±0.03 nN, based on assumptions concerning tip and thermal-activated barrier crossing contributions to the forces. Direct AFM measurements show the oligonucleotide strands separating at 2.6±0.8 contour lengths with a force of 0.13±0.05 nN. Analysis of the energies from the MD simulations during extension reveals compensation between increases in the DNA-self energy and decreases in the DNA-solvent interaction energy, allowing for the barrierless extension of DNA beyond the canonical B form. The barrier to strand separation occurs when unfavorable DNA interstrand repulsion cannot be compensated for by favorable DNA-solvent interactions. The present combination of single molecule theoretical and experimental approaches produces a comprehensive picture of the free energy surface of biological macromolecular structural transitions.
Monitoring Systemic Venous Oxygen Saturations in the Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

Although progress has been made in treating hypoplastic left heart syndrome, improvements in perioperative care may further decrease mortality. We present a case in which continuous monitoring of systemic venous oxygen saturation allowed stabilization and successful management of a critically ill infant. Systemic venous oxygen saturation may provide a more accurate representation of a child's clinical status, allowing more rapid intervention and better outcomes.
Physician and practice factors related to influenza vaccination among the elderly.

Abstract Background Influenza vaccination rates among adults, especially in minority populations, remain below national goals of 90%. This study investigated in diverse settings, facilitators of and barriers to patient influenza vaccination from the physician's perspective. Methods Two-stage, stratified, random-cluster sampling was employed to select 71 clinicians from inner-city, rural, suburban, and Veterans Affairs (VA) practices, and a random sample of 925 of their patients aged ≥65 years. Questionnaires and interviews based on the PRECEDE–PROCEED framework assessed clinician factors. Associations among clinician beliefs, practice characteristics, patient beliefs, and self-reported influenza vaccination status were determined. Results The clinician response rate was 85% (60/71). Several factors of the PRECEDE–PROCEED framework were associated with higher influenza vaccination rates. For instance, patients at practices with express vaccination clinics had higher vaccination rates than at clinics without such immunization programs (87% v 76%, p =0.01). Using multivariate models, influenza vaccination status was related to several patient factors, including plans to receive influenza vaccination next year ( p p =0.049); and history of being screened for colon cancer ( p =0.023). Influenza vaccination status was also related to several physician factors, including awareness of recommendation to vaccinate asthmatics ( p =0.024); agreement with these recommendations ( p =0.004); and practice type and setting (“strata”), of which the VA was highest. Conclusions Through proactive office systems and education, physicians may influence patients' intentions to be vaccinated and thereby increase influenza vaccination rates.
The effect of atmospheric scattering upon the appearance of a dark object against a sky background.

A theoretical investigation has been made of the “ground-glass-plate effect” and the “edge effect” which are associated with the appearance of the dark object seen against a sky background. The problem has been simplified by assuming that the dark object and the observer are placed in an unbounded space filled with an atmosphere having uniform properties at all points. Rectangular and disk-shaped objects have been considered. The dark object produces its effect by intercepting the rays of light which would be transmitted directly to the observer and also rays which would be scattered one or more times between the object and the observer. In computing the distribution of brightness across that part of the field of view occupied by the object, consideration has been given to the rays which would have been transmitted directly to the eye and rays which would have been scattered once between the object and the eye, but not to scattering of a higher order. Equations for computing the brightness in a given direction with respect to the object have been developed.
Are There Adverse Consequences to Being a Sibling of a Person With a Disability? A Propensity Score Analysis

This study examined whether siblings of children with disabilities have increased mental health problems, behavioral difficulties, or greater mental health service use as compared to siblings of children without disabilities. Data come from the 2006 National Health Interview Survey. Propensity score matching was used to complete the analysis. Twelve siblings and family demographic characteristics were used to create the propensity score. Hierarchical greedy matching without replacement was used to match siblings. Prior to the match, significant differences were present between sibling groups on all outcome variables. After the match, no significant differences remained. Effect sizes were compared and were smaller postmatch for all the three measured outcomes. Findings suggest that differences in siblings' mental health are not likely due to the presence of a brother or sister with a disability, but it is more likely that the co-occurring risk factors (e.g., living in a lower income household) contribute to the observed sibling differences.
Cavity ring-down spectroscopy measurements of sub-Doppler hyperfine structure

Frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy (FS-CRDS) was used to measure magnetic dipole transitions in the b^1Σ_g^+ ← X^3Σ_g^-(0,0) band of O_2. The ^(17)O-containing isotopologues show unresolved hyperfine structure due to magnetic hyperfine splitting in the ground state. The sensitivity and stability of FS-CRDS allow for quantitative sub-Doppler measurements of the hyperfine constants, even when the hyperfine splittings are much smaller than the Doppler width. Unlike saturation spectroscopy, this linear absorption technique can be applied to weak transitions and employed to quantitatively measure intensities and line shapes. This method may be an attractive approach for measuring unresolved hyperfine structure in excited electronic states.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by proliferation of morphologically abnormal promyelocytes and a severe bleeding diathesis. The abnormal promyelocyte is characterized by abundant, large granules, many of which are spindle-shaped. Electron microscopic appearance of the granules closely resembles that of Auer rods. The granules appear to possess tissue thromboplastin activity by both immunologic and clotting assays. Coagulation studies in APL are generally consistent with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Prolongation of the prothrombin time and elevation of fibrinogen degradation products are the tests that are most commonly abnormal. Although occasional reports indicate a favorable response of the coagulopathy to drugs that inhibit fibrinolysis, the use of prophylactic heparin appears to be the treatment of choice. The response rate of APL to chemotherapy regimens that contain an anthracycline is comparable to that of acute myelogenous leukemia. The recent description of the 15;17 chromosomal translocation which may be pathognomonic for APL is only the second example of a chromosomal marker of human neoplasia. Marked elevation of serum vitamin B12 and B12 binding proteins appears to be another characteristic feature of APL. An in vitro cell line of APL cells has been demonstrated to have the capacity to differentiate to functional polymorphonuclear leukocytes, but the cause for the maturation arrest is unknown.
A Precision Actuator and Shaft Encoder for a High Radiation Environment and Other Beam Component Developments at SLAC

A precision actuator and shaft encoder combination for remote handling in a high radiation and corrosive environment is described. The package allows accurate positioning of beam transport components in areas where liquid lubrication is not possible. The use of hexagonal lattice metals prevents galling or seizing of the rolling surfaces. The actuator translates rotary motion and torque supplied by a commercial radiation-resistant stepping motor into linear motion and force. Two actuators are in operation with a 7.5 cm output travel. Reproducibility is to ±1 step or 0.0015 cm. The shaft encoder resolves the turns of the motor in 1024 increments with cams and microswitches. The estimated dose rate of 1012 to 1013 ergs/g/yr in the vicinity of a SLAC high-power slit should present no problems. The second part of the paper describes a new quick-disconnect injected indium vacuum seal. Indium is extruded into a gasket groove of a flange through tapped holes by means of bolts. Finally, a blowout fuse employed in the beam stoppers of the SLAC personnel protection system is described. The fuse responds to thermal radiation from the surface of a beam stopper by melting a low-temperature eutectic diaphragm thus letting the vacuum system up to air.
Assisted Suicide and the Savings Clause

In December 1994, the Michigan Supreme Court decided a group of cases comprising constitutional challenges to a Michigan statute against assisted suicide and prosecutions of Dr. Jack Kevorkian for his role in two incidents of suicide. The court rejected arguments that the statute infringed a right of "personal autonomy" under the Fourteenth Amendment to the US Constitution; it noted that, although US Supreme Court opinions indicate that decisions to withdraw or reject life-sustaining treatment are constitutionally protected, a legal difference exists between permitting death to occur by natural means and taking affirmative steps to end life. The Michigan court also decided that Kevorkian could not be charged with murder for supplying only the means by which suicide occurred, but he could be charged with a common law crime of assisting in suicide although the statute outlawing such actions became effective only after the suicides occurred. Because suicide was a crime under the prerevolutionary English Common Law, which forms the foundation of Michigan law, assisting in suicide is also a residual crime under the "savings clause" of the Michigan statutes, which incorporates common law crimes into the law of that state when no superseding statute exists.
Intensity of shoulder muscle activation during resistive exercises performed with and without virtual reality games

Approximately 70% of individuals with spinal injury eventually develop shoulder pain. A home exercise program can reduce this pain. Virtual reality gaming (VRG) may enhance motivation for exercise. This study aimed to determine if performance of shoulder exercises integrated into VRG results in similar muscle activation as non-VRG exercise. Five volunteers with paraplegia performed shoulder exercises with and without VRG. Arm kinematics and shoulder muscle activity were recorded. No clinically significant differences were found in kinematics between conditions. Muscle activation was similar or greater during VRG than non-VRG exercise. Therefore, exercise with VRG should be effective for reducing shoulder pain after spinal injury.
Effects of hemodialysis on protein-bound calcium

Effects of hemodialysis on protein-bound calcium. This study evaluates whether hemodialysis alters the affinity of plasma proteins for calcium. We have used a new automated methodology for the determination of the dialyzable calcium fraction. Protein-bound calcium was estimated as the difference between the total and dialyzable calcium fractions. All measurements were made after adjustment of the sample pH to 7.40 ± 0.02. The calcium fractions were determined in 12 patients before and after hemodialysis. In addition, we added calcium to the predialysis specimens to evaluate the effect of increased ionic calcium on protein binding and corrected the protein-bound calcium in these specimens for the increase in total protein observed in the postdialysis specimens. Hemodialysis significantly increased total, dialyzable, and protein-bound calcium. The mean ratio of protein-bound calcium in the postdialysis specimens to the corrected protein-bound calcium in the predialysis specimens with calcium added was 0.97 ± 0.02. We conclude that (1) the increase in protein-bound calcium associated with hemodialysis can be reproduced by adding calcium to the predialysis specimens, and that (2) the binding affinity of serum proteins for calcium is not altered by hemodialysis. Effets de l'hemodialyse sur la liaison du calcium aux proteines. Ce travail recherche une eventuelle modification par l'hemodialyse de l'affinite des proteines plasmatiques pour le calcium. Nous avons employe une nouvelle methode automatique pour la determination de la fraction dialysable du calcium. Le calcium lie aux proteines a ete calcule par difference entre le calcium total et le calcium dialysable. Toutes les mesures ont ete faites apres equilibration des echantillons a pH 7,40 ± 0,02. Les fractions du calcium ont ete determinees chez 12 malades avant et apres hemodialyse. De plus nous avons ajoute du calcium aux echantillons preleves avant la dialyse pour mesurer l'effet de l'augmentation du calcium ionise sur la liaison proteique et pouvoir introduire une correction, pour ces echantillons, qui tienne compte de l'augmentation de la concentration des proteines observee dans les echantillons preleves apres dialyse. L'hemodialyse augmente significativement le calcium total, dialysable et lie aux proteines. Le rapport moyen du calcium lie aux proteines dans l'echantillon post-dialyse a la valeur corrigee dans l'echantillon predialyse additionne en calcium est de 0,97 ± 0,02. Nous concluons que: (1) l'augmentation du calcium lie aux proteines consecutive a l'hemodialyse peut etre reproduite par l'addition de calcium aux echantillons predialyse, et que (2) l'affinite de liaison des proteines plasmatiques pour le calcium n'est pas modifiee par l'hemodialyse.
SCATTERING PROPERTIES OF DISTILLED AND NATURAL WATERS1

Measurements of the volume scattering function and other optical properties are presented for distilled water, Pacific coastal and offshore water, and lake water. The depth and time variability of Pacific water at one station is given and the effect of a wind storm on the optical properties of the lake water is demonstrated.
Identification of Nuclear Receptor Corepressor as a Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor α Interacting Protein

Nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR) was demonstrated to interact strongly with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), and PPARα ligands suppressed this interaction. In contrast to the interaction of PPARα with the coactivator protein, p300, association of the receptor with NCoR did not require any part of the PPARα ligand binding domain. NCoR was found to suppress PPARα-dependent transcriptional activation in the context of a PPARα·retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) heterodimeric complex bound to a peroxisome proliferator-responsive element in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. This repression was reversed agonists of either receptor demonstrating a functional interaction between NCoR and PPARα·RXRα heterodimeric complexes in mammalian cells. NCoR appears to influence PPARα signaling pathways and, therefore, may modulate tissue responsiveness to peroxisome proliferators.
“Reading”; an organization's culture: An examination of stories in nursing homes

This essay argues that the ability to “read”; the stories members tell provides insight into the culture of a nursing home. Using qualitative techniques, the essay exmines the stories found in nursing homes and demonstrates how these stories reveal heroes and villains in the organization, explain unwritten rules, provide comic relief for their members, and define success and failure within the facilities. Possible applications of the information obtained from stories are also discussed.
Isochords: visualizing structure in music

Isochords is a visualization of music that aids in the classification of musical structure. The Isochords visualization highlights the consonant intervals between notes and common chords in music. It conveys information about interval quality, chord quality, and the chord progression synchronously during playback of digital music. Isochords offers listeners a means to grasp the underlying structure of music that, without extensive training, would otherwise remain unobserved or unnoticed. In this paper we present the theory of the Isochords structure, the visualization, and comments from novice and experienced users.
Lethal effects of gamma radiation on eggs and larvae of the bagworm, Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis.

Eggs and larvae of Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (Haworth) (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) were gamma irradiated in a 60Co source to establish a profile of radiation sensitivity for different ages and stages of development. One-day-postdiapause eggs were the most radiosensitive (LD50–20 days = 417 rad) life stage examined; the LD50 progressively increased during embryonic development to 14,790 rad for 8-day eggs. Immediately preceding hatching (12 days), eggs were also quite radiosensitive (LD50–20 days = 1905 rad). Larvae showed no significant response with respect to age or size; the mean L50–20 for size classes ranging from 0.12 to 90.16 mg dry weight was 10,633 rad. Lower doses of ionizing radiation (3200 rad) showed a significant ( P < 0.05) 12% increase in percent hatching of 8-day-old eggs. Radiation doses to eggs at a level one-half that required to produce significant larval mortality were found to interfere with case-building behavior of young larvae.
Premorbid history and traumatic brain injury

The literature is replete with studies investigating predictors of outcomes in traumatic brain injury. Few, however, have addressed the pre morbid life events and behaviors that may significantly impact the physical, behavioral, cognitive, and/or psychosocial and vocational status of individuals after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Findings of studies on premorbid history are reviewed and data are presented on a sample of 82 cases on which premorbid psychosocial information, severity of initial injury and outcome status were obtained. Cases were dichotomized into groups at high risk and at low risk for TBI, based on premorbid history. High risk and low risk groups were comparable in the severity of initial injury. Outcomes were defined by the Functional Independence Measure and the Disability Rating Scale scores at 1 year after injury. No differences were found in FIMTM or DRS scores between those with and without premorbid learning disability, psychiatric history, incarcerations, arrests, academic difficulties, or substance abuse. Explanations for the lack of significant differences are discussed. Based on experience in completing this study, a screening tool incorporating documentation of a number of pre morbid factors that might impact status at outcome is presented.
Three-channel telemetry system with optical interface

An optical interface was incorporated into a three channel telemetry device to allow for communication to a packaged telemeter. Information transmitted on the optical link includes calibration parameters and commands to program the operation of the telemeter. The optical ink allows calibration information to be programmed into a telemeter, without the need for a bio-compatible electrical connection. The optical link was designed to completely reside on an integrated circuit chip. One of the three channels of the telemeter is dedicated to temperature measurement, while the other two channels are generic. The generic channels carry information from transducers that are interfaced to the system through on-chip general purpose operational amplifiers. The calibration information that is programmed into the telemeter is retrieved by time division multiplexing it with one of the generic channels.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The dietary quality of persons with heart failure in NHANES 1999-2006.

Background Dietary quality may impact heart failure outcomes. However, the current status of the dietary quality of persons with heart failure has not been previously reported.
Cost-effectiveness of clinical case management for ED frequent users: results of a randomized trial.

Objective: The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that clinical case management is more cost-effective than usual care for frequent users of the emergency department (ED). Methods: The study is a 24-month randomized trial obtaining data on psychosocial problems through interviews and service usage and cost data from administrative records. Results: Two-hundred fifty-two frequent users were randomized (167 to case management, 85 to usual care). Case management was associated with statistically significant reductions in psychosocial problems common among ED frequent users, including homelessness, alcohol use, lack of health insurance and social security income, and financial need. Case management was associated with statistically significant reductions in ED use and cost. Case management and usual care patients did not differ in use or cost of other hospital services. Conclusions: Case management appears cost-effective for ED frequent users because it yields statistically and clinically significant reductions in psychosocial problems at a cost similar to that of usual care.
Issues in the Development and Implementation of Clinical Pathways

Issues related to the development and implementation of clinical pathways require thoughtful planning, collaborative teamwork, and an understanding of the evolutionary nature of this work. Creating an understanding of the purpose behind the development of these guidelines often is only the first issue to be considered. Other common issues include physician involvement, documentation, pathway development, variance data analysis and feedback, and integration with outcomes management activities. Successfully addressing these issues is an ongoing component of a clinical pathway program.
Transgender identities and gender variance in vocational psychology: Recommendations for practice, social advocacy, and research.

Effective practices for career counseling with gender variant individuals have yet to be identified for reasons that may include perceptions that the population is too small to warrant in-depth research, lack of funding for such efforts, and practitioners' lack of training and experience with transgender concerns. In this article, we describe the status of research and practice with respect to gender variant individuals. Definitions and terminology, vocational and workplace concerns, and vignettes of vocational and work-related situations that career counseling professionals may encounter when working with gender variant individuals are presented. Recommendations for practice, social advocacy, and future research are provided.
Effect of the Harwell A(θ) Data on the 50-MeV Proton-Proton Phase Shifts

The new $A(\ensuremath{\theta})$ and $\ensuremath{\sigma}(90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{})$ data at 50 MeV are found to decrease the probable range of the phase shifts. The $^{3}F_{3}$ phase, however, is strongly predicted to be far from the value expected on the basis of models; this reflects on the consistency of the data. The most significant result is the rejection of solution 2. Comparison is made to the results of Batty and Perring.
The narcoleptic cognitive pupillary response

It has been reported that narcoleptics exhibit deficits in short-term memory, list recall, and stimulus frequency estimation compared with control subject. It is also well-known that pupil dilation during cognitive tasks is a measure of subject attention state. Here the authors present results from six narcoleptics and six controls, a total of 360 experimental records in which pupillograms were made during cognitive tests, which indicate that narcoleptics begin pupillary dilations at a smaller diameter, begin dilating earlier poststimulus, attain higher pupillary diameter velocities, yet achieve the same equilibrium dilation diameter as controls. These findings are derived from statistical tests performed on the parameters of a nonlinear regression model of pupillary cognitive dilation as a function of time. In the authors' experiments, the standard 1-s interdigit time between cognitive stimuli was increased to 2.3 s, which yielded pupillographic time records showing that the process of short-term memory overload sets in gradually at about four memory digits for controls and three memory digits for narcoleptics. The authors suggest their results can be partially explained by a narcoleptic stimulus-encoding deficit, which limits the time available for subjects to rehearse cognitive tasks. However, the authors also report the unexpected finding that the inferred encoding deficit is a transient one in that repeated tasks at the same memory load elicit a near normal narcoleptic pupillary dilation.
Thermal degradation of polypropylene in a capillary rheometer

Melt viscosity of a polypropylene (PP) resin was measured in a capillary rheometer between 220 and 260°C. The melt viscosity showed a power law behavior with strong shear rate dependence. The effects of temperature and shear rate on the degradation were studied in the rheometer by heating at 260 and 280°C, and extruding at shear rates up to 10000 sec −1 . Melt flow index (MFI) of samples after shearing and heating treatment was measured to characterize the molecular weight change. An increase in MFI was found for PP sheared at high temperature. Heating for longer time also increased MFI. Increase of shear rate had a small effect on increasing MFI at 260°C but produced a larger effect at 280°C. A constant increment in MFI was observed in PP subjected to high temperature processing and was attributed to degradation due to oxygenated products.
Prostate brachytherapy in patients with prior evidence of prostatitis

Abstract Purpose: To refute a misconception that a prior history of prostatitis is a contraindication to prostate brachytherapy. Methods and Materials: Five patients with clinical or pathologic evidence of prior prostatitis were treated with transperineal brachytherapy. Four of the patients received a single i.v. dose of ciprofloxacin (500 mg) intraoperatively. Postimplant antibiotics were not given. The pretreatment biopsy slides were reviewed. Results: Two of the five patients developed postimplant urinary retention requiring short-term catheterization, and both resolved spontaneously. One patient developed what appeared to be an exacerbation of his chronic prostatitis. Conclusion: We continue to recommend prostate brachytherapy for the treatment of clinically organ-confined cancer, with no concern about prior clinical or pathologic evidence of prostatitis.
Degeneracy of holomorphic curves in surfaces

LetX be a complex projective algebraic manifold of dimension 2 and let D1, ..., Du be distinct irreducible divisors onX such that no three of them share a common point. Let\(f:{\mathbb{C}} \to X\backslash ( \cup _{1 \leqslant i \leqslant u} D_i )\) be a holomorphic map. Assume thatu ⩾ 4 and that there exist positive integers n1, ... ,nu,c such that ninJDi.Dj) =c for all pairsi,j. Thenf is algebraically degenerate, i.e. its image is contained in an algebraic curve onX.
Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of thorium and the rare earths with Xylenol Orange

Abstract A spectrophotometric method is described for the determination of microgram amounts of thorium-rare earth mixtures with Xylenol Orange. Advantage is taken of the fact that only thorium forms a colored complex (λ max 576 mμ) with the reagent at 2 pH and the rare earths do not. At 6 pH, however, both thorium and the rare earths form complexes and the absorbances are additive. Concentration range for the determination effects of pH time and reagent and interferences are discussed. Reproducibility is excellent with an average error of ±1.2%.
Sex Differences in the Effects of Amount of Training on Einstellung

A considerable amount of experimental research has been conducted on the Einstellung effect employing water-jar problems (Levitt, 1956; Luchins, 1942). However, the relevant experimental variables affecting performance in this situation often are difficult to determine because of the confounding of variables present during the training series designed to induce the set or rhe situation resting for the presence of set. The lack of adequate intertrial controls is typically a problem when the water-jar experiment is conducted in group form. Problems are presented at a constant rate, but Ss do not solve the individual problems at the same rate, permitting the faster problem solvers, or those with a stronger set, to review the problem that has been completed. A variety of forms of rehearsal thus may be permitted. These may occur differentially in fast and slow problem solvers. An attempt to control this difficulty was made in the present experiment by presenting a second task which engaged Ss as soon as they completed each water-jar problem. Difficulties are often encountered in the interpretation of test results because scores from two different criteria of set are combined, performance on critical problems and on extinction problems. Even if the scores are not combined, employing both kinds of test problems results in Ss attempting the extinction problem, which is usually given second, after varying frequencies of long and short solutions on the preceding critical problems. If a single kind of test problem is employed, it is usually a series of critical problems which have two different solutions, the long solution established during the training series, and a shorter solution which was not previously reinforced. A more readily interpretable criterion of set is the extinction problem which cannot be solved by the previously learned long solution but can only be solved by a short solution. The latter measure was employed in this experiment as an indicator of the strength of set. I t must be recognized, however, that an inherent short coming of this measure, at least when employed in group form, is that it yields only a pass or fail score. Finally, performance scores for men and women are not separately reported ordinarily. Evidence from a variety of areas, however, indicates that sex differences in problem solving performance are the usual occurrence (Taylor & McNemar, 1955).
INFORMATION CAPABILITIES OF INTEGRATED BRIDGE SYSTEMS

Clod Shannon's fundamental works in the field of Theory of Information are well known and used in many different fields of science and practice. The Theory provides good criteria to evaluate equipment, systems, different effects and situations from the point of view of the necessary information. This article uses the Theory to attempt to create an information model for a Ship-Danger to Navigation system, which can evaluate an Integrated Bridge System in critical situations.