cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microcytosis in a 43-Year-Old Man

Patient: A 43-year-old African-American male. Chief Complaint: The patient sustained left upper arm pain after falling on his left elbow while moving furniture. He self-medicated with Tylenol, but pain increased in severity and was exacerbated by movement. Medical History: Significant for diabetes mellitus for the past 10–15 years and has been on oral hypoglycemic agents up to the time of the injury. He also had a history of facial cellulitis in 2005, a snake bite in 2001, and occasional acid reflux. There was no history of jaundice, pain crisis, or blood transfusions. Social History: The patient did not smoke or drink alcoholic beverages. He is a mechanic. Family History: Not available. Physical Examination: Was significant for the following: obese, alert, oriented to time, place, and person; heart: tachycardia without murmurs, gallops or rubs; lung and abdomen: unremarkable; extremity: erythematous, indurated, painful left upper extremity. Vital Signs: blood pressure: 134/82; pulse: 112/minute; respiratory rate: 20/minute; temperature: 101.3°F; pulse oximetry: 97%. Principal Laboratory Findings: Upon admission, laboratory tests were performed. Results are in Table 1. Additional Testing: The patient’s peripheral blood smear showed hypochromia, microcytosis, and a few target cells. No sickle cells were identified. Because of the abnormal hemoglobin A1C result, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and hemoglobin electrophoresis were ordered (Figure 1 HPLC, Figure 2 alkaline electrophoresis, and Figure 3 acid electrophoresis). Serum iron performed after admission was 11 (31–144 ug/dL), bilirubin was 0.6 (0.2–1.2 mg/dL), and glycohemoglobin was 19.8 (<9%). A CT scan of the left upper extremity showed extensive fluid collection. He underwent exploration and debridement of the left upper arm and received intravenous antibiotics and insulin. Swelling gradually subsided, and he was discharged after 2 weeks of hospitalization. 1. What are the most significant clinical and …
A spreadsheet application for processing long-term EEG recordings

This study develops a Windows application for processing huge tabular text files. The tool has been especially designed for handling EEG files. As a consequence, tables with more than 65,536 rows and 256 columns, which is a limitation found in Microsoft's Excel, can be loaded, visualized and processed with no more restrictions than the ones imposed by the memory of the operating system. Beyond tabular visualization, additional tools are available for chart customization and spreadsheet like cell processing commands. Additionally, commands are included for signal processing, cluster analysis and computationally taxing matrix algebra operations.
Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in Korean human milk: contamination levels and infant risk assessment.

The levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were determined in 50 samples of Korean human milk. POPs include organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) [aldrin, chlordanes, dieldrin, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), endrins, heptachlors, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), mirex, and toxaphenes] and marker PCBs (PCB28, PCB52, PCB101, PCB138, PCB153 and PCB180). In all samples, p,p′-DDE were determined as 75.5–1115.3 ng/g fat. The compounds β-HCH and p,p’-DDT were detected at 72% and 60% of the samples, respectively. Chlordanes (nd–84.9 ng/g fat) heptachlors (nd–40.1 ng/g fat), HCB (nd–42.9 ng/g fat) and PCBs (nd–38.3 ng/g fat) were detected in several samples. The ratio of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethylene (DDE)/DDT was 6.8, which explained that exposure of volunteers to DDT did not occur recently. Compared with the previous monitoring data, the level of marker PCBs generally decreased in the milk samples. The levels of OCPs are significantly correlated to the residential periods ...
Health Inequalities in Global Context

The existence of social inequalities in health is well established. One strand of research focuses on inequalities in health within a single country. A separate and newer strand of research focuses on the relationship between inequality and average population health across countries. Despite the theorization of (presumably variable) social conditions as "fundamental causes" of disease and health, the cross-national literature has focused on average, aggregate population health as the central outcome. Controversies currently surround macro-structural determinants of overall population health such as income inequality. We advance and redirect these debates by conceptualizing inequalities in health as cross-national variables that are sensitive to social conditions. Using data from 48 World Values Survey countries, representing 74% of the world's population, we examine cross-national variation in inequalities in health. The results reveal substantial variation in health inequalities according to income, education, sex, and migrant status. While higher socioeconomic position is associated with better self-rated health around the globe, the size of the association varies across institutional context, and across dimensions of stratification. There is some evidence that education and income are more strongly associated with self-rated health than sex or migrant status.
The Rhetorical Presidency of George H. W. Bush – Edited by Martin J. Medhurst

There are four ways that presidents can earn a positive reputation in history: make a mark on the office and the nation (Washington, Jackson, Lincoln, McKinley, TR, FDR, JFK, Reagan); do something ...
Validity of Functional Stability Limits as a Measure of Balance in Adults Ages 23–73

Functional stability limits have been proposed as a psychometric indicator of balance ability that could be used to incorporate stability constraints into ergonomic task analyses. Decreased functional stability limits are assumed to indicate decreased balance ability. These stability limits have been quantified for a young adult population. However, their validity as a measure of balance ability has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the construct validity of functional stability limits as a measure of balance ability by quantifying the relationship between these stability limits and age and other more common measures of stability. As hypothesized, functional stability limits decreased with age, were positively related to performance on the Multi-Directional Reach Test, a valid indicator of fall risk for the elderly, and were negatively related to postural sway. However, the strength of these relationships was only moderate; continued analysis is exploring possible explana...
Optimization of Immunohistochemical Methods using two Different Antigen Retrieval Methods on Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissues: Experience with 63 Markers

Formalin fixation produces cross-links between the proteins and the fixative that alter the ability of some antibodies to recognize antigens. We used formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues to compare two different antigen retrieval methods for 63 antibodies used in the diagnosis of infectious and neoplastic diseases of animal species. Eighty-four percent of the antibodies needed some type of antigen retrieval for optimal results. Of those antibodies, 67.7% were monoclonal and 32.3% were polyclonal. Steam heat was the method of choice for 31 antibodies. Ten antibodies reacted only with steam heat, but 9 antibodies did not react when steam heat was used. Optimal results were obtained with enzyme digestion for 22 antibodies. Only 10 antibodies yielded optimal results without antigen retrieval; 64% of these antibodies were polyclonal. All antibodies against cytokeratins were optimally retrieved with proteinese K. Antigen retrieval appears to be necessary for the majority of antibodies when used with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.
Long-term Exposure to Testosterone Therapy and the Risk of High Grade Prostate Cancer

Purpose: To our knowledge no population based studies have been done to examine whether long-term exposure to testosterone therapy is associated with an increased risk of high grade prostate cancer. We examined whether exposure to testosterone during a 5-year period was associated with an increased risk of high grade prostate cancer and whether this risk increased in a dose-response fashion with the cumulative number of testosterone injections.Materials and Methods: Using SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results)-Medicare linked data we identified 52,579 men diagnosed with incident prostate cancer between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2006 who had a minimum of 5 years continuous enrollment in Medicare before the cancer diagnosis. We excluded patients diagnosed at death or after autopsy, those enrolled in a health maintenance organization in the 60 months before diagnosis and those with unknown tumor grade or tumor stage. In the 5 years before diagnosis 574 men had a history of testosterone use ...
Analysis of heart rate variability to assess hemodynamic alterations following induction of anesthesia

Extensive changes in hemodynamics and cardiac rhythm during induction of anesthesia may be mediated by altered responses of the autonomic nervous system to anesthetic agents. Analysis of the power spectrum of the heart rate (PSHR) variability can supply information about the autonomic nervous system, and may be used in order to assess this phenomenon. In this study, 78 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery were evaluated. Anesthesia was induced with sufentanil, and neuromuscular blockade with vecuronium, a combination that may cause a decrease in heart rate. Before and after induction of anesthesia, the heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), and PSHR components were recorded. PSHR was obtained by using a special algorithm and data acquisition system for real-time spectral analysis. A low-frequency component (LFa, mainly sympathetic) was analyzed from a band of 0.04 Hz to 0.1 Hz. A high-frequency component (RFa, parasympathetic) was identified by the respiratory frequency spectrum. Alterations of the heart rate after induction of anesthesia were defined in order to separate the patient population into two groups: slow heart rate (slow-HR) and stable heart rate (stable-HR). Slow heart rate was defined as a decrease in HR of more than 20% of the baseline value. The variables were analyzed and compared between the slow-HR (n = 25) and stable-HR (n = 53) groups in order to verify the possibility of identifying patients prone to hemodynamic changes after anesthesia induction. There were no differences in preoperative HR, BP, CO, or CI between groups before anesthesia induction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cross-presentation of cell-associated antigens by mouse splenic dendritic cell populations.

Cross-presentation of cell-associated antigens (Ag) plays an important role in the induction of anti-tumor responses, autoimmune diseases, and transplant rejection. While several dendritic cell (DC) populations can induce pro-inflammatory CD8(+) T cell responses to cell-associated Ag during infection, in the absence of infection, cross-priming of naive CD8(+) T cells is highly restricted. Comparison of the main splenic DC populations in mice - including the classic, cross-presenting CD8α DC and the recently described merocytic DC (mcDC) - reveals that cross-priming DCs display a distinct phenotype in cell-associated Ag uptake, endosomal/lysosomal trafficking, lysosomal acidification, and Ag persistence compared to non-cross-priming DC populations. Although the CD8α DC and mcDC subsets utilize similar processing pathways to cross-present cell-associated Ag, cross-priming by CD8α DCs is associated with IL-12 production, while the superior priming of the mcDC is critically dependent on type I IFN production. This discussion illustrates how subtle differences in internal processing pathways and their signaling sequelae significantly affect the duration of Ag cross-presentation and cytokine production by DCs, thereby shaping the ensuing CD8(+) T cell response.
Vaginal Wall Sling: Long-Term Outcome Analysis of Factors Contributing to Patient Satisfaction and Surgical Success

ABSTRACTPurpose: The clinical outcome of the vaginal wall sling was retrospectively evaluated to determine patient perception, satisfaction and factors contributing to postoperative success.Materials and Methods: An outcome based study was conducted of 51 patients undergoing construction of a vaginal wall sling for genuine stress incontinence or intrinsic sphincteric deficiency. Preoperative symptoms, demographic parameters and video urodynamic studies were correlated with postoperative patient perception of symptoms to determine patient satisfaction and factors contributing to overall success.Results: Of 42 patients (82%) available for followup 31 (74%) reported improvement in continence, 26 (62%) are currently satisfied with the urinary status, 72% in retrospect would repeat the procedure and 69% would recommend the vaginal wall sling to others. Despite long-term resolution of stress incontinence in 92% of those with genuine stress incontinence and 75% with intrinsic sphincter deficiency, postoperative ...
Comparison of the Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighted (IPTW) Estimator With a Naïve Estimator in the Analysis of Longitudinal Data With Time-Dependent Confounding: A Simulation Study

A simulation study was conducted to compare estimates from a naive estimator, using standard conditional regression, and an IPTW (Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighted) estimator, to true causal parameters for a given MSM (Marginal Structural Model). The study was extracted from a larger epidemiological study (Longitudinal Study of Effects of Physical Activity and Body Composition on Functional Limitation in the Elderly, by Tager et. al [accepted, Epidemiology, September 2003]), which examined the causal effects of physical activity and body composition on functional limitation. The simulation emulated the larger study in terms of the exposure and outcome variables of interest-- physical activity (LTPA), body composition (LNFAT), and physical limitation (PF), but used one time-dependent confounder (HEALTH) to illustrate the effects of estimating causal effects in the presence of time-dependent confounding. In addition to being a time-dependent confounder (i.e. predictor of exposure and outcome over time), HEALTH was also affected by past treatment. Under these conditions, naive estimates are known to give biased estimates of the causal effects of interest (Robins, 2000). The true causal parameters for LNFAT (-0.61) and LTPA (-0.70) were obtained by assessing the log-odds of functional limitation for a 1-unit increase in LNFAT and participation in vigorous exercise in an ideal experiment in which the counterfactual outcomes were known for every possible combination of LNFAT and LTPA for each subject. Under conditions of moderate confounding, the IPTW estimates for LNFAT and LTPA were -0.62 and -0.94, respectively, versus the naive estimates of -0.78 and -0.80. For increased levels of confounding of the LNFAT and LTPA variables, the IPTW estimates were -0.60 and -1.28, respectively, and the naive estimates were -0.85 and -0.87. The bias of the IPTW estimates, particularly under increased levels of confounding, was explored and linked to violation of particular assumptions regarding the IPTW estimation of causal parameters for the MSM.
False-positive troponin I measured with the Abbott AxSYM attributed to fibrin interference.

Abstract Background: Serum is often used for the measurement of cardiac troponin I (cTnI). Previous reports suggest that fibrin present in serum samples collected for cTnI analysis may interfere with measurement of this marker. We investigated the incidence and magnitude of fibrin interference in serum specimens submitted for cTnI measurement using the AxSYM analyzer by performing duplicate analysis of all specimens with increased cTnI results. Methods: Over a 4-month period, we analyzed 3692 specimens for cTnI with the Abbott AxSYM. Of these, 307 (8.3%) showed increased cTnI. A threshold of three times the precision of the method (15%) was used to judge discrepancies between duplicate analyses of specimens; all specimens being recentrifuged between the initial and repeat cTnI analyses. Results: Of 307 patient specimens with elevated cTnI concentrations, 24 (7.8%) demonstrated differences of greater than 45% between duplicate analyses. Concentrations of cTnI obtained on initial analysis of these 24 specimens ranged from 2.4 to 24.0 μg/l. Repeat analysis showed the repeat values for 20 (83%) to be within the normal reference interval, with 16 (67%) showing concentrations of less than 0.3 μg/l. Conclusions: Our finding indicates that interference should be highly suspected in serum specimens where the initially measured cTnI concentrations is in the range of 2.0–25.0 μg/l when using the Abbott AxSYM. The finding of no interference in specimens with measured troponin concentration greater than 25.0 μg/l suggests that the interference effect of fibrin is generally not sufficient to cause spurious elevations of cTnI into this range. In addition, since switching to plasma as the specimen of choice for the AxSYM, we have not observed any discrepant cTnI results following duplicate analysis of over 200 patient samples with initial measured cTnI concentrations of 2.0 μg/l or greater.
PARTIAL REDUNDANCY OF MOMENT CONDITIONS

In this paper, we first transform a set of moment conditions into a set of transformed moment conditions, based on which the efficient partial generalized method of moments estimation for part of a parameter vector is defined. Given the set of transformed moment conditions, we then show that the conditions for partial redundancy of an additional set of moment conditions given an original set of moment conditions simply become the conditions for full redundancy of the second subset of transformed moment conditions given the first subset of transformed moment conditions. Thus the transformed moment conditions proposed in this paper unify partial redundancy of moment conditions with full redundancy of moment conditions. Using transformed moment conditions, we then straightforwardly derive necessary and sufficient conditions for partial redundancy of one or two subset(s) of moment conditions given the other when the large set of moment conditions consists of three subsets of moment conditions. The paper also provides several easily checkable sufficient conditions for partial redundancy of one set of moment conditions given other sets of moment conditions.
Complex Hemodynamics at the Apex of an Arterial Bifurcation Induces Vascular Remodeling Resembling Cerebral Aneurysm Initiation

Background and Purpose— Arterial bifurcation apices are common sites for cerebral aneurysms, raising the possibility that the unique hemodynamic conditions associated with flow dividers predispose the apical vessel wall to aneurysm formation. This study sought to identify the specific hemodynamic insults that lead to maladaptive vascular remodeling associated with aneurysm development and to identify early remodeling events at the tissue and cellular levels. Methods— We surgically created new branch points in the carotid vasculature of 6 female adult dogs. In vivo angiographic imaging and computational fluid dynamics simulations revealed the detailed hemodynamic microenvironment for each bifurcation, which were then spatially correlated with histologic features showing specific tissue responses. Results— We observed 2 distinct patterns of vessel wall remodeling: (1) hyperplasia that formed an intimal pad at the bifurcation apex and (2) destructive remodeling in the adjacent region of flow acceleration that resembled the initiation of an intracranial aneurysm, characterized by disruption of the internal elastic lamina, loss of medial smooth muscle cells, reduced proliferation of smooth muscle cells, and loss of fibronectin. Conclusions— Strong localization of aneurysm-type remodeling to the region of accelerating flow suggests that a combination of high wall shear stress and a high gradient in wall shear stress represents a “dangerous” hemodynamic condition that predisposes the apical vessel wall to aneurysm formation.
The 90-Second Intervention: A Patient Compliance Mediated Technique to Improve and Control Hypertension

Hypertension, a leading risk factor for cardiovascular and renal diseases, occurs in up to 50 million Americans. Despite mounting evidence of the effectiveness of prevention and treatment, physicians are still unable to get their patients to adopt and adhere to treatment protocols. This project presents an innovative approach to compliance which is based on general systems theory and its applications in family therapy. The "90-Second Intervention" ("90 SI") incorporates the use of family and friends; it utilizes the therapeutic relationship or alliance of the physician-patient; and it embraces the well-established fact that social support plays a key role in promoting health, decreasing susceptibility to disease, and facilitating recovery from illness. The physician asks the patients to identify who in their life loves or cares for them and would help them adhere to the treatment protocol. To implement the "90 SI," the physician instructs the patient to telephone, in his or her presence, the identified helper(s) who then agree to support the patients' medical regimen. Specifically, the "90 SI" seeks to create a context to support the patients in a regimen of low to moderate intensity exercise, which is proven to be a powerful, cost-effective, and safe treatment. Patients who are identified with new onset or uncontrolled hypertension at three clinics in urban Philadelphia are the target population.
Combinatorial Identification and Optimization of New Oxide Semiconductors

The “Achilles Heel” of solar energy is the need for storage to allow for energy utilization for transportation and nighttime use. Hydrogen is an ideal energy carrier that can be stored and transported. Therefore, cost-effective generation of hydrogen with sunlight via water photoelectrolysis is the critical breakthrough needed for transition to a renewable energy-based hydrogen economy. A semiconductor-based photoelectrolysis system may have cost advantages over using either a photovoltaic cell coupled to an electrolyzer or solar thermochemical cycles for water splitting. Unfortunately, there is no known semiconducting material or combination of materials with the electronic properties and stability required to efficiently and economically photoelectrolyze water. Semiconducting oxides can have the required stability but present theoretical methods are insufficient to a priori identify materials with the required properties. Most likely, any useful material will be a complex oxide containing many elements whereby each contributes to the required material properties such as light absorption across the solar spectrum, stability, and electrocatalytic activity. The large number of possible multicomponent metal oxides, even if only ternary or quaternary materials are considered, points to the use of high-throughput combinatorial methods to discover and optimize candidate materials. In this chapter, we will review some techniques for the combinatorial production and screening of metal oxides for their ability to efficiently split water with sunlight.
The isolation, culture and infectivity of a Frankia strain from Gymnostoma papuanum (Casuarinaceae)

A strain ofFrankia was isolated fromGymnostoma papuanum(Casuarinaceae) nodules harvested from rooted cuttings which had been inoculated with a suspension of crushedCasuarina equisetifolia nodules. Designated HFPGpI1 (catalogue #HFP021801), this strain is pigmented and similar to other pigmentedFrankia strains in cultural characteristics. A previously unknown spiraled hyphal morphology was observed at very low frequency in some cultures of this strain. HFPGpI1 is infective and effective onG. papuanum but not on anyCasuarina species tested. It also infects members of the family Elaeagnaceae andMyrica gale. The host plantG. papuanum can be infected with a wide range ofFrankia isolates and thus can be considered a promiscuous host, unlike its close relatives in the genera Casuarina and Allocasuarina which are very restrictive as to which strains may nodulate them.
Communal Federalism: Dialectics of Decentralization in Socialist Yugoslavia

One of the most engaging paradoxes of Yugoslav socialist development consists of the self-abnegation of political power. With the institutionalization of Workers' Councils in 1950' a unitary political party began to formulate and implement programs which rendered it increasingly obsolescent in the performance of a wide variety of tasks.2 Changes in the structure and norms of the League of Communists, originally embodied in the Resolution and Statute of the Sixth Party Congress in late 1952,3 are reflected in doctrines of the withering away of the state (deetatization), the diminution of hierar-
Selection for Egg Mass in Different Social Environments 4. Selection Response in Phase I

Abstract Selection for part-year egg mass was carried out in replicated strains of White Leghorns within each of two social environments. Responses were measured as deviations from replicated, unselected control strains. Realized heritabilities averaged .17 over the seven generations studied. Selection appeared to be equally effective when based on sire-family means whether sire families were separately housed or intermingled in floor-flock environments. Egg mass, measured as daily grams of egg produced per hen housed, increased as much for the full-year period as for the selection period, which began when pullets were 30 weeks old. Correlated responses occurred in terms of decreased age at sexual maturity, increased egg weight, and increased hen-housed rate of lay. Random genetic drift appeared to influence all traits studied. Relatively spacious floor pens and individual-hen cages were associated with essentially equal overall productivity, but 18-hen colony cages were stressful as indicated by large reductions in part and full-year egg mass, hen-housed rate of lay, percentage survival, and by increased age at sexual maturity. Adaptability to specific laying-house environments was not differentially influenced by selection on the basis of sire-family means when families were separately housed or intermingled in floor pens.
Unidimensional versus Multidimensional Workload Scales and the Effect of Number of Rating Scale Categories

The present study investigated why the Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT) (a multidimensional scale) has been found to be less sensitive than Overall Workload Scale (OW) (aunidimensional scale) in previous research. It was hypothesized that previous results could be attributed to number of points on the rating scale. To that end, four rating scale groups were employed in which the dimensionality (unidimensional vs multidimensional) and number of rating scale points (7 vs. 19) on the overall workload scale were varied. Forty-eight subjects performed a continuous recognition task composed of 12 levels of difficulty and then rated workload under one of four rating scale conditions (OW-7, OW-19, MOD-SWAT-7, MOD-SWAT-19). Results indicated that: (1) the preponderance of evidence favored equal sensitivity; (2) previous differences between OW and SWAT could not be due to differences in the number of points on the rating scale; and (3) dimensionality affected overall workload ratings in subtle ways. ...
“Hot, Black Leather, Whip” The (De)evolution of Female Protagonists in Action Cinema, 1960–2014

This article employs a content analysis to investigate whether and how the violent woman archetype in action film changed from 1960 to 2014. We find a trend toward hypersexualized female action lea...
Study on Control Strategy for Induced Voltage of Overhead Ground Wire of Alternating Current Transmission Line

For studying method of restricting induced voltage of overhead ground wire,this paper proceeds simulation analysis on induced voltage on insulated overhead ground wires of single circuit AC transmission line and double circuit AC transmission line by using electromagnetic transient simulation software ATP-EMTP.It studies effect to reduce induced voltage of ground wire of ground wire displacement and section which is to match up selection of earth connection point of the ground wire.The simulation result shows that for the single circuit transmission line,it is feasible to use ground wire displacement and section to reduce induced voltage of the ground wire and of both the effects are the same.When the phase sequence of double circuit transmission line arranges alike,it is suggested to use ground wire section to reduce induced voltage of the ground wire.
Hodgkin's disease: treatment and secondary neoplasms

Hodgkin's disease is a lymphoma which occurs in man in the lymph nodes or in extra-lymphatic tissue. The disease was first described in 1832 by Thomas Hodgkin, a British physician. The disease develops with different patterns of histology in several types which a varying degree of malignancy: stages of the disease processes may be encountered. Lymph nodes appear phylogenetically first in the mesentery of crocodiles and reach the top of their development in the mammal. Here they are important during the neoplastic development as regional stations thereof. The treatment, depending on the cellular make-up of the type, may vary from advantageous to very toxic. Successful treatment in several cases on the one hand, in contrast to high therapeutic toxicity, and the development of secondary neoplasms on the other, are outlined.
The relationship between ultrasound measurements and carcass fat thickness and longissimus muscle area in beef cattle

Five hundred thirty-four steers were evaluated over a 2-yr period to determine the accuracy of ultrasonic estimates of carcass 12th-rib fat thickness (CFAT) and longissimus muscle area (CLMA). Within 5 d before slaughter, steers were ultrasonically measured for 12th-rib fat thickness (UFAT) and longissimus muscle area (ULMA) using an Aloka 500V real-time ultrasound machine equipped with a 17.2-cm, 3.5-MHz linear transducer. Overall, correlation coefficients between ultrasound and carcass fat and longissimus muscle area were 0.89 and 0.86, respectively. Correlations for UFAT with CFAT were similar between years (0.86 and 0.90), whereas the relationship between ULMA and CLMA was stronger in yr 1 (r = 0.91; n = 282) than in yr 2 (r = 0.79; n = 252). Differences between ultrasonic and carcass measurements were expressed on both an actual (FDIFF and RDIFF) and absolute (FDEV and RDEV) basis. Mean FDIFF and RDIFF indicated that ultrasound underestimated CFAT by 0.06 cm and overestimated CLMA by 0.71 cm 2 across both years. Overall mean FDEV and RDEV, which are indications of the average error rate, were 0.16 cm and 3.39 cm 2 , respectively. Analysis of year effects revealed that FDIFF, FDEV, and RDEV were greater (P 1.02 cm) cattle were underestimated with ultrasound. Similarly, steers with small CLMA ( 90.3 cm 2 ) were underestimated. The thickness of CFAT had an effect (P < 0.05) on the error of UFAT and ULMA measurements, with leaner animals being more accurately evaluated for both traits. Standard errors of prediction (SEP) adjusted for bias of ultrasound measurements were 0.20 cm and 4.49 cm 2 for UFAT and ULMA, respectively. Differences in SEP were observed for ULMA, but not UFAT, by year. These results indicate that ultrasound can be an accurate estimator of carcass traits in live cattle when measurements are taken by an experienced, well-trained technician, with only small differences in accuracy between years.
Pensamiento de los profesores de historia acerca de la ciudadanía y la inclusión de las movilizaciones estudiantiles en su enseñanza

Chilean secondary students participate actively in student mobilizations. This research study explored the relationship between teachers’ opinions on citizen...
Co-Assembly Tags Based on Charge Complementarity (CATCH) for Installing Functional Protein Ligands into Supramolecular Biomaterials

Installing folded proteins into biomaterials is gaining interest for imparting functional properties that often cannot be provided by unfolded peptides or small molecules, such as catalysis, antigen conformation, or molecular recognition. Although covalent grafting provides a simple means to immobilize proteins onto pre-formed biomaterials, amenable chemistries can alter protein bioactivity, are relatively non-specific, and can be difficult to reproduce. Covalent fusions of bioactive molecules and synthetic peptides that can self-assemble into nano-scale architectures are a promising alternative for creating functional supramolecular biomaterials with precise and reproducible composition. Here we created a pair of oppositely charged synthetic peptides, referred to as “CATCH” (Co-Assembly Tags based on CHarge complementarity), to install folded proteins into supramolecular biomaterials. CATCH peptides co-assemble into β-sheet nanofibers when combined, yet cannot assemble independently due to electrostatic repulsion. Electrostatically controlled assembly enabled high yield production of soluble CATCH-green fluorescent protein (CATCH(−)GFP) by E. coli. Binary mixtures of CATCH-GFP and its charge-complementary peptide self-assembled into fluorescent microparticles, whereas ternary mixtures of CATCH(−)GFP and both CATCH peptides self-assembled into fluorescent nanofibers and macroscopic hydrogels. The CATCH system is therefore likely to be broadly useful for creating functional supramolecular biomaterials with integrated folded protein components for various biomedical and biotechnological applications.
The Acceleration Processes of Aitken and Euler

We have seen that there is a great variation in the speed of convergence of series or sequences. Some are too slowly convergent to be summed directly on the fastest computer. This is the case of the logarithmic series $$\log 2 = 1 - {\textstyle{1 \over 2}} + {\textstyle{1 \over 3}} - {\textstyle{1 \over 4}} + \ldots $$ in which a crude estimate for the remainder after n terms is n− so that 2 × 106 terms would be needed to get a value of log 2 correct to 6D.
Fundamentals for a Turing Test of Virtual Reality

Alan Turing developed the imitation game – the Turing Test – in which an interrogator is tasked with discriminating and identifying two subjects by asking a series of questions. Based on subject feedback, the challenge to the interrogator is to correctly identify those subjects. Applying this concept to the discrimination of reality from virtual reality is essential as simulation technology progresses toward a virtual era, in which we experience equal and greater presence in virtuality than reality. It is important to explore the conceptual and theoretical underpinnings of the Turing Test in order to avoid possible issues when adapting the test for virtual reality. This requires an understanding of how users judge virtual and real environments, and how these environments influence their judgement. Turing-type tests, the constructs of reality judgement and presence, and measurement methods for each are explored. Following this brief review, the researchers contribute a theoretical foundation for future dev...
Investigation of forward transient characteristics of vertical GaN-on-GaN p-n diodes

Transient characteristics of vertical GaN diodes fabricated on bulk GaN substrates are investigated. When forward biasing the diodes using discrete pulses, the results yield quasi-static I-V curves with two different on-resistances and two turn-on stages. Transient waveforms measured at different voltages are then used to explain the observed behavior and underlying physics. A relatively large overshoot voltage is also observed at the very beginning of the transient voltage waveform, indicating that a relatively long time is required to transition the GaN diode from the high to low resistance state.
A Public Health of Consequence: Review of the May 2016 Issue of AJPH

An introduction is presented in which the authors discusses various reports within the issue on topics including a Public Health of Consequence concept, the notion of Population Health Science as a discipline, and the links between obesity, overweight status, and neighborhood food environments.
Fetishism as Theatrical Device in Nelson Rodrigues's Os Sete Gatinhos

In this essay, I examine the concept of fetish and how it manifests itself as Brazilian social structures in the theater of Nelson Rodrigues. I offer a particularly detailed study of fetish in Rodrigues’s Os Sete Gatinhos . Here fetish serves to illuminate gender relations and the patriarchal family as a cultural myth to be deconstructed, as well as working to reveal the connections between space, bodies, performativity, and power in Brazilian society.
Case 56: Duodenal Diverticulum Mimicking a Pancreatic Cyst

56-year-old man with right upper quadrant pain underwent CT. An incidental cystic lesion was found in the head of the pancreas.
Feminism in the Archives and the Archive in Feminism: Propositions Gleaned from Alex Martinis Roe’s To Become Two

In this paper I propose that the current archival paradigm must attend equally to the materiality of archives, and the material conditions of their production and preservation, as evidenced through the archival strategies at play in the artwork of Alex Martinis Roe. For Martinis Roe, the return to the archive is a feminist strategy of care. She works directly with the minor histories of feminism, mining archives and other textual sources to recreate historical affinities and glean strategies of collectivity, collaboration, and mobilization. In writing this paper I draw on queer phenomenology and feminist materialism to excavate the works of Martinis Roe while also drawing in disparate threads of archival theory to consider the inherent paradoxes of the archive. The logic of the archive determines a reliance on the materials of daily life which themselves defy hierarchical classification systems. At the same time, the material conditions that produce and determine what enters the archive are only recently beginning to be reflected in archival practices. The (re)turn to the archive is made richer through access to the subjectivity of the author and archivist, the processes and care taken in the archives’ assembly and preservation.
Quality of Life and Functional Outcomes after Multiligament Knee Reconstruction

We aimed to determine factors that affect the quality of life of patients undergoing a standardized surgical and postoperative management protocol for knee dislocations. A total of 31 patients (33 knees) were included in this study. We contacted patients at a minimum of 12 months postoperatively (mean: 38 months; range, 12–111 months) and administered the previously validated Multiligament Quality of Life questionnaire (ML-QOL), 2000 International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC), and Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale. We performed independent two-sample t-tests and age-adjusted multivariable linear regression analysis to examine the difference in these scores. Patients who underwent previous knee ligament surgery had significantly worse mean ML-QOL scores relative to patients who did not undergo previous knee ligament surgery (114.3 versus 80.4; p = 0.004) (higher score indicates worse quality of life). All other differences in the ML-QOL scores were not statistically significant. IKDC and Lysholm scores did not differ significantly with regards to the studied variables. Among patients with no previous knee ligament surgery, patients undergoing surgery within 3 weeks of injury had significantly worse mean ML-QOL scores relative to patients undergoing surgery greater than 3 weeks after their injury (98.7 versus 74.7; p = 0.042) and patients with Schenck classification of III or IV had significantly worse mean ML-QOL scores relative to patient with a Schenck classification of I or II (88.7 versus 62.9; p = 0.015). We found that patients with a previous history of knee ligament surgery had a significantly worse quality of life relative to those with no history of knee ligament surgery. This is a level III, retrospective cohort study.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Articular Cartilage in the Knee. An Evaluation with Use of Fast-Spin-Echo Imaging*

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that specialized magnetic resonance imaging provides an accurate assessment of lesions of the articular cartilage of the knee. Arthroscopy was used as the comparative standard. Eighty-eight patients who had an average age of thirty-eight years were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging and subsequent arthroscopy because of a suspected meniscal or ligamentous injury. The magnetic resonance imaging was performed with a specialized sequence in the sagittal, coronal, and axial planes. Seven articular surfaces (the patellar facets, the trochlea, the femoral condyles, and the tibial plateaus) were graded prospectively on the magnetic resonance images by two independent readers with use of the 5-point classification system of Outerbridge, which was also used at arthroscopy. Six hundred and sixteen articular surfaces were assessed, and 248 lesions were identified at arthroscopy. Eighty-two surfaces had chondral softening; seventy-five, mild ulceration; fifty-three, deep ulceration, fibrillation, or a flap without exposure of subchondral bone; and thirty-eight, full-thickness wear. To simplify the statistical analysis, grades 0 and 1 were regarded as disease-negative status and grades 2, 3, and 4 were regarded as disease-positive status. When the grades that had been assigned by reader 1 were used for the analysis, magnetic resonance imaging had a sensitivity of 87 per cent (144 of 166), a specificity of 94 per cent (424 of 450), an accuracy of 92 per cent (568 of 616), a positive predictive value of 85 per cent (144 of 170), and a negative predictive value of 95 per cent (424 of 446) for the detection of a chondral lesion. Interobserver variability was minimum, as indicated by a weighted kappa statistic of 0.93 (almost perfect agreement). With use of this readily available modified magnetic resonance imaging sequence, it is possible to assess all articular surfaces of the knee accurately and thereby identify lesions that are amenable to arthroscopic treatment.
Artificial water channels: inspiration, progress, and challenges

This article is based on the concluding remarks made in the Faraday Discussion Meeting on Artificial Water Channels.
Computed tomography imaging characteristics of shone syndrome

Shone syndrome was first described in 1963 by Dr JD Shone. It is a constellation of congenital abnormalities compromising approximately 0.6% of all cases of congenital cardiac abnormalities. Shone syndrome is also known as Shone complex, involving several characteristic cardiac abnormalities: coarctation of the aorta, subaortic stenosis, supravalvular mitral ring, and a parachute mitral valve. Given the uncommon nature of the disease, we present this case to illustrate potential postsurgical appearances of Shone syndrome, specifically on computed tomography imaging.
Coexisting with China in the 21st century

Since Deng Xiaoping and reformers Hu Yaobang and Zhao Ziyang launched radical market reforms in China, the country became a capitalist economic system with a communist political regime, a regime never observed before in history. We discuss the nature of that regime, how stable it is likely to be over time and what the challenges are for democracies of international coexistence with this new regime in the twenty first century.
Dynamic Plasmonic Pixels

Information display utilizing plasmonic color generation has recently emerged as an alternative paradigm to traditional printing and display technologies. However, many implementations so far have either presented static pixels with a single display state or rely on relatively slow switching mechanisms such as chemical transformations or liquid crystal transitions. Here, we demonstrate spatial, spectral, and temporal control of light using dynamic plasmonic pixels that function through the electric-field-induced alignment of plasmonic nanorods in organic suspensions. By tailoring the geometry and composition (Au and Au@Ag) of the nanorods, we illustrate light modulation across a significant portion of the visible and infrared spectrum (600–2400 nm). The fast (∼30 μs), reversible nanorod alignment is manifested as distinct color changes, characterized by shifts of observed chromaticity and luminance. Integration into larger device architectures is showcased by the fabrication of a seven-segment numerical i...
Numerical simulation of self-propelled non-equal sized droplets

In general, external energy is needed to remove a liquid from a solid wall during cooling by dropwise condensation. However, experiments have shown that in some cases, droplets can propel themselves from the wall, without any external energy, due to the coalescence-induced conversion of surface energy to kinetic energy. Several authors have reported scaling analysis combined with an energy balance of kinetic energy, surface energy, and viscous dissipation to estimate whether the droplets can be self-propelled or not. Here, we use numerical simulation to describe the coalescence and self-propelling for nonequal sized droplets based on a finite-volume/front-tracking method and the generalized Navier boundary condition to model the moving contact lines. We find that a slightly smaller contact angle (165°) will give a larger out-of-plane jumping velocity than a superhydrophobic surface (with a contact angle of 180°). Further decreasing the contact angles results in “immobile coalescence.” The speed of the moving contact line does not influence the spontaneous removal process as long as it is large enough to let the contact areas detach. Nonequal sized drops are much more difficult to be spontaneously removed from a wall compared to equal-sized ones. Two spherical drops with a diameter ratio of 2.0 have 60% total usable energy compared to equal-sized ones, and only 0.5% of the total released energy can be effectively used for out-of-plane jumping.
An Approach to Assess Relative Degradation in Dissimilar Forests: Toward a Comparative Assessment of Institutional Outcomes

A significant challenge in the assessment of forest management outcomes is the limited ability to compare forest conditions quantitatively across ecological zones. We propose an approach for comparing different forest types through the use of reference forests. We tested our idea by drawing a sample of 42 forests from the Midwest USA, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Brazil, Bolivia, Uganda, and Nepal. We grouped these forests by shared characteristics and selected a reference forest to serve as a baseline for each forest type. We developed an index of disturbances using ratios of several forest measurements to assess differences between each study forest and its reference forest. None of the study forests was known to have been impacted by major natural disturbances during the past 50 years. Therefore, the disturbances in these forests appear to be largely related to human activities. The forests most similar to their reference forests have had limited human interventions. Our results indicate the potential of this approach to compare different forest conditions across biomes. We argue that development of this approach could facilitate analyses of forest management institutions, promote reliable indicators to compare management outcomes, and contribute to improved policies for conservation.
Using Age Tracers and Decadal Sampling to Discern Trends in Nitrate, Arsenic, and Uranium in Groundwater Beneath Irrigated Cropland.

Repeat sampling and age tracers were used to examine trends in nitrate, arsenic, and uranium concentrations in groundwater beneath irrigated cropland. Much higher nitrate concentrations in shallow ...