cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reference range for 24-h urine calcium, calcium/creatinine ratio, and correlations with calcium absorption and serum vitamin D metabolites in normal women.

A study of 959 black and white women shows that the normal range for 24-h urine calcium excretion in white women is 30–300 mg and 10–285 mg in black women. Clinical laboratories use a normal range for 24-h urine calcium excretion of 100–300 mg; there is a need for them to update their age- and race-specific ranges. Recommendations for a normal range for 24-h urine calcium vary from a low of 50 mg to a high of 400 mg; most “laboratory normal ranges” based on older literature are incorrect. The objective of this analysis is to define a normal range for young women age 25–45 years and older women age 55–90 years, white and black, for 24-h urine calcium and calcium/creatinine ratio, and to examine the relationship between 24-h urine calcium, calcium absorption, and vitamin D metabolites. Data from 3 studies was collected on 959 normal black and white women, ages 25–87 years, for 24-h urine calcium, creatinine, calcium intake, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD),1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), and calcium absorption. Urine calcium and creatinine were measured on an auto-analyzer. Calcium absorption was measured by a single isotope method. Serum 25OHD and 1,25(OH)2D were measured by competitive protein binding assay or radioimmunoassay. Because 24-h urine calcium did not fit a normal distribution, non-parametric methods were used to determine the 95% reference interval (RI) and 90% non-parametric confidence intervals (CI) calculated for groups. The 95% reference intervals for 24-h urine calcium for women were as follows: black older 7–225 mg, black younger 8–285 mg; white older 37–275 mg, and white younger 23–287 mg. In older white women, 24-h urine calcium was significantly correlated with serum 1,25(OH)2 D, r = 0.23, p < 0.001, calcium intake r = 0.12, p = 0.001, and calcium absorption r = 0.18, p = 0.003, but not serum 25OHD r = 0.07, p = 0.06. The normal reference interval for 24-h urine calcium for black women is lower than white women. Twenty-four-hour urine calcium was correlated with serum 1,25(OH)2 D calcium intake and calcium absorption, but not serum 25OHD. This range will be useful clinically for defining hypercalciuria and for following patients on vitamin D and calcium treatment.
What Are the Predictors of Craniomaxillofacial Injuries From Hoverboard Accidents

Purpose A hoverboard, or self-balancing scooter, is a battery-powered vehicle with 2 wheels connected by a longboard that requires handsfree operation. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the emergency department visits for hoverboard-related craniomaxillofacial trauma and determine predictors of injuries and hospital admission. Materials and Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System from 2015 to 2018. The database was searched using the codes for battery-powered vehicles and craniomaxillofacial body parts (ie, head, face, mouth, eyeball, ear). Entries with the term “hoverboard” in their narrative were included. The predictors were gender, age, body part, year, season, setting, and helmet wear. The outcomes were injury diagnoses (ie, dental injury, facial fracture, soft tissue injury, intracranial injury) and hospital admission. Associations between the predictors and outcomes were evaluated using χ2 and t tests. Results The final sample included 440 patients, of whom 51% were male and 74% were pediatric (age, ≤18 years). Pediatric and male patients were both less likely to wear helmets (P Conclusions Craniomaxillofacial injuries from hoverboard accidents have resulted in emergency department visits and hospital admissions since the vehicle's introduction to the consumer market in 2015. Most cases occurred in the winter, which might reflect increased sales and novice riders during the holiday season. Injuries to adults, in the summer or outdoors, appear to be more severe. Intracranial injuries were the most frequent diagnosis; thus, helmet wear is recommended.
Improvement in Total and Face-to-Face Provider Time in a Multidisciplinary Craniofacial Team Clinic: An Interventional Study.

Objective:Identify factors contributing to time a family spends in a Multidisciplinary Craniofacial Team Clinic (MDCT) and implement an intervention to reduce this time.Design:Interventional: a res...
Obstruction Tensors in Weyl Geometry and Holographic Weyl Anomaly

Recently a generalization of the Fefferman-Graham gauge for asymptotically locally AdS spacetimes, called the Weyl-Fefferman-Graham (WFG) gauge, has been proposed. It was shown that the WFG gauge induces a Weyl geometry on the conformal boundary. The Weyl geometry consists of a metric and a Weyl connection. Thus, this is a useful setting for studying dual field theories with background Weyl symmetry. Working in the WFG formalism, we find the generalization of obstruction tensors, which are Weyl-covariant tensors that appear as poles in the Fefferman-Graham expansion of the bulk metric for even boundary dimensions. We see that these Weyl-obstruction tensors can be used as building blocks for the Weyl anomaly of the dual field theory. We then compute the Weyl anomaly for $6d$ and $8d$ field theories in the Weyl-Fefferman-Graham formalism, and find that the contribution from the Weyl structure in the bulk appears as cohomologically trivial modifications. Expressed in terms of the Weyl-Schouten tensor and extended Weyl-obstruction tensors, the results of the holographic Weyl anomaly up to $8d$ also reveal hints on its expression in any dimension.
Aliasing in InSAR and SBAS Time Series

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is a well-known imaging technique used by geophysicists to measure deformation of the Earth's surface over time. Accurate measurements of these displacements are crucial to correctly interpret subsurface processes. We show that when a closed loop of displacement gradients exceeding π radians occurs in a wrapped interferogram, the unwrapped solution will systematically underestimate the total displacement due to aliasing, even in the absence of noise. Common InSAR practices such as spatial filtering and averaging decrease resolution and thus increase the risk of aliasing. For time-varying processes, interferograms formed over longer time spans are more likely to under-sample the true displacement. Synthetic and real time series analyses using small baseline and subset (SBAS) [1] techniques show that the inclusion of aliased interferograms results in systematic and significant errors. These examples suggest that adaptive filters and varying the subset of interferograms used in SBAS throughout the scene will be important improvements to InSAR analyses.
Excitability Changes of Facial Motoneurons of Cats Related to Conditioned and Unconditioned Facial Motor Responses

The electrical excitability of facial motoneurons changes after Pavlovian conditioning (“Conditioned” group) and after repetitive presentation of USs such as glabella tap (“US-only” group). Measurements were made in awake, unparalyzed cats using intracellular recording and stimulation techniques. Threshold currents required to elicit action potentials were significantly lower in “Conditioned” and “US-only” groups than in a “Naive” control group. A decrease in the threshold of depolarizing current required to produce spike discharges was correlated with an increase in input resistance. The increase in excitability to intracellularly injected current persisted for more than four weeks in cells of the “Conditioned” group, but decayed in cells recorded from the “US-only” group. The transient increase in excitability after presentation of USs coincided with behavioral facilitation of subsequently acquired Pavlovian eyeblink conditioning. This facilitation of learned motor performance produced by prior, repeated presentations of USs may be analogous to the phenomena of reflex dominance and latent facilitation.
Suboptimal Component Position Leading to Severe Wear of an Alumina-Alumina Total Hip Coupling: Biomechanical Analysis and Documentation of Limited Tissue Response

Alumina-on-alumina articulations were first introduced into total hip arthroplasty in 1970 by Boutin et al. in France [3], and were approved by the Food and Drug Administration for their use in the USA in 1982. The ceramic-on-ceramic coupling was intended to reduce wear and particulate debris generated by metal-on-plastic articulations being used at that time. Modern alumina-on-alumina articular couplings have extremely low wear rates [1, 6, 10, 12, 15, 18] on the order of 0.004 mm3 per million cycles [2, 11, 17]. Early concerns for ceramic fractures have been addressed by improvements in the alumina material [11, 15, 19] and, in some cases, the introduction of a metal backing to the alumina acetabular insert [4, 8]. Modern fracture rates are estimated at 0.04% for ceramic femoral heads and 0.015% for ceramic acetabular liners [7, 8, 14]. Three cases of metal-backed acetabular liner fracture requiring reoperation were reported over the past 5 years, all occurring more than 2 years after the original surgery [4, 5]. We report a case of acetabular rim fracture and extreme wear due to the vertical positioning of the acetabular component of an alumina-on-alumina total hip coupling with a metal-backed acetabular insert and its associated benign particle-induced soft tissue reaction.
SEROLOGY OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES I. Characteristics of the Soluble Hemolysin

Girard, Kenneth F. (St. Margaret's Hospital, Boston, Mass.), Anthony J. Sbarra, and Wadi A. Bardawil. Serology of Listeria monocytogenes. I. Characteristics of the soluble hemolysin. J. Bacteriol. 85:349–355. 1963.—Our results clearly demonstrate that Listeria monocytogenes (strain 9-125) produces a soluble hemolysin. Such hemolysin is completely precipitated out of sterile culture filtrates by 60% saturation with ammonium sulfate at 5 C, and virtually all of the hemolytic activity resides in the so-called “euglobulin” fraction. The protein nature of this hemolysin is further indicated by its nondialyzable property, heat lability, susceptibility to proteolysis by trypsin, and antigenicity in the full sense. Paper electrophoresis indicates that the isolated active fraction migrates as a γ-type globulin. A procedure for determining Listeria antihemolysin levels in sera adapted from a method commonly employed for quantitating antistreptolysin O is described. The relative value of anti-Listeria hemolysin titration as a possible serological aid in diagnosis remains to be determined and is presently under investigation.
The Land Plots Market and Housing Mortgage Lening in Russia in 2012

According to the RF Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography (Rosreestr), the land area in the ownership of RF individuals continues to decrease. As of 1 January 2012, it amounted to 119.6 million hectares (m ha) (7% of the total land surface) vs. 121.4 m ha (7.1%) in 2011 (Table 15). By contrast, the land area in state or municipal ownership and in the ownership of legal entities is on the rise. Over the course of last year, the area of land plots in the ownership of legal entities increased by 1.5 m ha, to 13.5 m ha, or to 0.8% of the total land surface, which represented a 0.3 pp. increase on 2009. In the main, these changes resulted from transfers of the ownership of participatory shares in the right of common ownership to land plots of agricultural designation.
Bringing folding pathways into strand pairing prediction

The topology of β-sheets is defined by the pattern of hydrogen-bonded strand pairing. Therefore, predicting hydrogen bonded strand partners is a fundamental step towards predicting β-sheet topology. In this work we report a new strand pairing algorithm. Our algorithm attempts to mimic elements of the folding process. Namely, in addition to ensuring that the predicted hydrogen bonded strand pairs satisfy basic global consistency constraints, it takes into account hypothetical folding pathways. Consistently with this view, introducing hydrogen bonds between a pair of strands changes the probabilities of forming other strand pairs. We demonstrate that this approach provides an improvement over previously proposed algorithms.
Living and teaching abroad: panel discussion

The field of education is universal and at university level. English-speaking educators have the opportunity to teach nearly anywhere in the world. While the environment of the home institution and demands of family often seem to be an overriding constraint, spending a semester or year in a foreign country can open the mind to unique perspectives leading to broader knowledge that one simply cannot experience from the home environment. Living abroad means exposure to the enormity and diversity of human endeavor. Working within a different culture and education system, puts the educator directly into a sort of living laboratory where equal amounts of learning and teaching are experienced each day. One has an opportunity to see diversity in action and to learn aspects of teaching from such diversity.
Neural Net Architecture

The sections in this article are 1 Perceptron 2 Multilayer Network 3 Recurrent Network 4 Radial Basis Function Network 5 Neural Networks for Control
The Selection of an Augmentative System in Communication Intervention: A Critique of Decision Rules.

Sets of augmentative decision rules used to determine a learner's candidacy for an augmentative communication system were reviewed and critiqued. Particular scrutiny was given to criteria addressin...
Regional-scale soil salinity assessment using Landsat ETM + canopy reflectance

Abstract Soil salinization is widely recognized to be a major threat to worldwide agriculture. Despite decades of research in soil mapping, no reliable and up-to-date salinity maps are available for large geographical regions, especially for the salinity ranges that are most relevant to agricultural productivity (i.e., salinities less than 20 dS m − 1 , when measured as the electrical conductivity of the soil saturation extract). This paper explores the potentials and limitations of assessing and mapping soil salinity via linear modeling of remote sensing vegetation indices. A case study is presented for western San Joaquin Valley, California, USA using multi-year Landsat 7 ETM + canopy reflectance and the Canopy Response Salinity Index (CRSI). Highly detailed salinity maps for 22 fields comprising 542 ha were used for ground-truthing. Re-gridded to 30 × 30 m, the ground-truth data totaled over 5000 pixels with salinity values in the range 0 to 35.2 dS m − 1 . Multi-year maximum values of CRSI were used to model soil salinity. Soil type, meteorological data, and crop type were evaluated as covariates. All considered models were evaluated for their fit to the whole data set as well as their performance in a leave-one-field-out spatial cross-validation. The best performing model was a function of CRSI, crop type (i.e., cropped or fallow), rainfall, and average minimum temperature, with R 2 = 0.728 when evaluated against all data and R 2 = 0.611 for the cross-validation predictions. Broken out by salinity classes, the mean absolute errors (MAE) for the cross-validation predictions were (all units dS m − 1 ): 2.94 for the 0–2 interval (non-saline), 2.12 for 2–4 (slightly saline), 2.35 for 4–8 (moderately saline), 3.23 for 8–16 (strongly saline), and 5.64 for > 16 (extremely saline). On a per-field basis, the validation predictions had good agreement with the field average (R 2 = 0.79, MAE = 2.46 dS m − 1 ), minimum (R 2 = 0.76, MAE = 2.25 dS m − 1 ), and maximum (R 2 = 0.76, MAE = 3.09 dS m − 1 ) observed salinity. Overall, reasonably accurate and precise high resolution, regional-scale remote sensing of soil salinity is possible, even over the critical range of 0 to 20 dS m − 1 , where researchers and policy makers must focus to prevent loss of agricultural productivity and ecosystem health.
Meiotic Recombination: The Essence of Heredity

The study of homologous recombination has its historical roots in meiosis. In this context, recombination occurs as a programmed event that culminates in the formation of crossovers, which are essential for accurate chromosome segregation and create new combinations of parental alleles. Thus, meiotic recombination underlies both the independent assortment of parental chromosomes and genetic linkage. This review highlights the features of meiotic recombination that distinguish it from recombinational repair in somatic cells, and how the molecular processes of meiotic recombination are embedded and interdependent with the chromosome structures that characterize meiotic prophase. A more in-depth review presents our understanding of how crossover and noncrossover pathways of meiotic recombination are differentiated and regulated. The final section of this review summarizes the studies that have defined defective recombination as a leading cause of pregnancy loss and congenital disease in humans.
Aerosol Spray Pyrolysis Synthesis Techniques

Aerosol techniques provide a convenient method for generation of small particles of high purity and a wide range of chemical formulations. Here we will emphasis the method of aerosol spray pyrolysis wherein solutions of precursor salts are nebulized and then dried and pyrolyzed in a furnace reactor. This method can be used to create a wide variety of complex, multicomponent particles with typical sizes in the 50 nm to 500 nm range. Problems involving nondense morphology (often hollow and/or porous particles) and chemical phase segregation must be addressed, and schemes to defeat these problems are given. Examples from our work to create complex metal oxides (ferrites and garnets) will be used to show phase and morphology evolution during synthesis. The magnetic properties of these particles are similar to the bulk materials but with variations due to particle size and preparation scheme.
Interleukin-6, but not tumour necrosis factor-alpha, increases lipogenesis in rat hepatocyte primary cultures.

The Kupffer-cell products interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) have been shown to stimulate hepatic lipogenesis in vivo . Studies were performed to define the direct effects of these cytokines on lipogenesis in primary-culture rat hepatocytes. Hepatocytes were cultured in the presence of IL-6 or TNF-alpha for periods of 24-72 h. IL-6 increased hepatocyte protein content per microgram of DNA. IL-6 also caused a dose- and time-dependent induction of hepatocyte capacity for incorporation of [2-14C]pyruvate into fatty acids (56% increase by 12.5 ng/ml IL-6 after 72 h of cytokine exposure). This increase in cellular lipogenic capacity was confirmed by using 3H2O incorporation into fatty acids as tracer. TNF-alpha did not increase hepatocyte lipogenesis. In contrast with studies in vivo , neither IL-6 nor TNF-alpha had any acute (2 h of exposure) effects on rates of lipogenesis. Both IL-6 and TNF-alpha are known to increase macrophage prostaglandin synthesis acutely. The prostaglandin E agonist misoprostol free acid (0.1 microM) acutely increased hepatocyte lipogenic rates by 14%. Thus, IL-6 can directly induce hepatocyte lipogenic capacity, and E-series prostaglandins can antagonize the acute inhibition of lipogenesis by glucagon. The observations provide further evidence for the role of Kupffer-cell products in the regulation of hepatocyte metabolism.
A study of a large sociogram II. Elimination of free parameters

A sociogram is a net in which individuals are nodes and the relations of interest are directed line segments connecting pairs of individuals. In the simplest case such a relation is characterized only by its presence or absence, e.g., “A chooses (or does not choose) B as a friend of a given rank order.” Mathematical praperties of such nets are of interest to the mathematical sociologist. If the number of individuals is very large, the properties of interest are statistical properties. Here it is shown that two parameters (whose values are obtainable directly from the data) are sufficient to describe certain features of sociograms of junior high schoal children.
A perfect storm for innovation.

To the Editor: The March issue produced two outstanding articles that should make us all sit up and seriously contemplate the future of clinical pharmacology and the biopharmaceutical industry in general.1,2 The Editorial by Honig and Lalonde described the financial pressures facing drug development,1 and Kaitin’s Development article discussed the failing business model and potential innovative solutions.2 Both articles reflect the sea changes taking place in the biopharmaceutical industry as well as the absolute necessity to create innovative approaches to the development process. Over many years, we have clearly seen the decline of the biopharmaceutical industry. However, Kaitin’s analysis showing that a handful of top-tier pharmaceutical companies have lost >$650 billion in market capitalization in the past 8–9 years is alarming. This development is particularly poignant because, during this same time frame, companies have “merged,” “reengineered,” “reinvented,” and “redesigned” their operations in an attempt to improve productivity. It would appear that, although such approaches are important for achieving short-term efficiencies, they do not address the issue of innovation. Operational excellence is not strategy!3 This is not to say there have not been innovations in the development paradigm over the years. As described by Kaitin, the Lilly/Chorus model and the relationships between functional service providers and contract research organizations are probably helpful strategies for cost containment. In fact, Chorus has reported that it can take a molecule through to proof of concept for $5 million, whereas traditional development pathways would require $30 million and 12 months longer. Such an approach would therefore add up to about $300 million less for the overall cost of development.4 This number provides, in part, an astounding example of the time value of money as discussed by Honig and Lalonde. So why are we so hesitant to experiment with new development processes and business models? Are we really so enamored of empirical business models that are unsustainable and failing? There will never be a better time to explore innovative ways of redesigning the development process. Financial pressures, soaring health-care costs, globalization, and the explosive growth of basic science have coalesced to create the perfect storm to drive change. Innovative business and development models will certainly be welcomed by all stakeholders, but especially by patients in need of new lifesaving therapies. The Editorial by Honig and Lalonde, as well as the article by Kaitin, acknowledges a rather grim situation. Surely such clear evidence of functional distress must force us to seek contemporary business models/ development paradigms to reverse the downward trajectory of an essential health-care industry.
Evidence-based transfusion: young versus old blood as a case study

Background Evidence-based medicine incorporates critical appraisal of the literature, individual clinical expertise, patient values, clinical circumstances and societies’ expectations into medical decision-making. This approach is increasingly utilized to formulate individual transfusion decisions and to set national transfusion policies. Aims To describe the process of evidence-based decision-making and its application to transfusion medicine through the analysis of a test case. Methods Critical appraisal of the literature and evidence-based medicine techniques are described and applied to the issue of the duration of red cell storage and the incidence of complications after transfusion, as raised by the report of Koch et al. (N Engl J Med 358:12, 1229–39). This report compared the outcomes of patients transfused with blood after ≤ 14 or > 14 days of storage during and after cardiac surgery. Results The methods and logic of literature appraisal and evidence-based medicine are reviewed, and applied to the paper by Koch et al (N Engl J Med 358:12, 1229–39). This report describes a case-controlled, retrospective observational study with Level 3-4 evidence to support the use of younger blood (≤14 days old) in cardiac surgery patients. Issues are raised concerning the equivalence of the prestudy prognosis of the test and control groups and the use of non-risk adjusted statistics in comparing data. After risk adjustment, the association of an older blood transfusion with a poorly defined composite index of adverse outcomes has only marginal significance (OR: 1·16, 95% CI: 1·01–1·33). Reports of systematic review of the literature reveals 19 publications: 14 studies are retrospective observational studies and many suggest an association of older blood with various adverse outcomes. Five prospective studies fail to show an adverse relationship, however, these are small and underpowered. Society values emphasize the availability of blood products, which at this time requires inventory management practices that prevent the transfusion of blood < 14 days storage on a routine basis for all patients. Conclusions Evidence-based decision-making provides a formal process to evaluate the information supporting individual clinical and national policy decisions in transfusion medicine. Application to the specific problem of whether to limit the use of older blood suggests that the level of available evidence does not yet justify changing clinical practice. Adequately powered randomized controlled trials are necessary to determine the relative safety of older blood compared with younger blood in transfusion practice.
Crystal growth of calcium phosphates - epitaxial considerations

Abstract The growth of one crystalline phase on the surface of another that offers a good crystal lattice match, may be important in environmental, physiological and pathological mineralization processes. The epitaxial relationships and kinetics of growth of hydroxyapatite on crystals of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, calcium fluoride and calcite have been studied at sustained low supersaturation with respect to hydroxyapatite. At the very low supersaturations, the crystallization of hydroxyapatite takes place without the formation of precursor phases. The experimental results are in agreement with theoretical predictions for epitaxial growth, while the kinetics of hydroxyapatite crystallization on the foreign substrates is the same as that for the growth of hydroxyapatite on synthetic hydroxyapatite crystals.
Examining the Factor Structure of a State Standards-Based Science Assessment for Students with Learning Disabilities

This study examined the scores on a state standards-based Grade 5 Science assessment obtained by a group of students without learning disabilities who took the standard form of the test and by three groups of students with learning disabilities: one taking the standard form of the test without accommodations or modifications, a second taking the test with accommodations, and a third group taking the test with modifications. The groups received accommodations or modifications that were specified in their 504 or IEP plans. Unlimited time was granted to complete the test. A series of item-level, then parcel-level, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses investigated whether or not the assessment demonstrated factorial invariance for the four groups of students studied. The results of this study help substantiate the validity of test scores for students with disabilities who take the test with the particular set of accommodations or modifications that were used in this study. In addition, the results lend support to modifying this state's policy in order to aggregate scores obtained by students without learning disabilities and by students with learning disabilities who have taken the assessment with accommodations or modifications required by their 504 plans or IEPs for AYP purposes.
ERP, Balanced Scorecard, and IT: How Do They Fit Together?

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software affected everything from order capture to accounting and warehousing. However, people were still swamped with information that reflected the past, instead of predicting the future—until the Balanced Scorecard approach came along. But what's the role of information technology in this new strategy? © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Physiological regulation of long-term oviposition in the house cricket, Acheta domesticus

Abstract In house crickets [ Acheta domesticus (L.)] a single mating early in adult life sufficed to induce egg laying for the duration of the life of a female. Female house crickets mated readily shortly after adult emergence but oviposition did not commence until about 12–14 days after emergence, even though females matured eggs by 7 days. The egg-laying factor associated with mating remained active during prolonged periods of substrate deprivation during which the female did not oviposit. If the spermatophore was removed prematurely shortly after a mating, the long-term, egg-laying response was truncated and was correlated with a dramatic decline in the fertility of eggs which were oviposited. The egg-laying stimulus appeared to act in the spermatheca, apparently through neural means, since denervation of the spermatheca abolished mating-induced oviposition. These results indicate that the oviposition factor found in the testes is able to act for long periods of time and has to be present continually in order to be effective. Furthermore, the long-term oviposition stimulus in the house cricket may be different from prostaglandin E2 which induces a prompt ovipositional response.
Pulmonary Malignant Angioendotheliomatosis: Presentation with Fever and Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone

A 64-year-old man presented with protracted fever, hyponatremia, and mononeuritis multiplex. Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion was established. The absence of pulmonary infiltrates precluded any lung biopsy. Autopsy revealed malignant angioendotheliomatosis involving multiple organs including the alveolar septa and pulmonary vasculature. An early diagnosis of MAE in the setting of fever and SIADH may be possible via transbronchial biopsy.
Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery

This article provides an overview of the currently available animal data on natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) on the topics of translumenal access and closure, iatrogenic intraperitoneal complications, especially infection and overinsufflation, spatial orientation, and the development of enabling technologies. Human trials to date are also reviewed and discussed.
The geometry and electronic topology of higher-order charged Möbius annulenes.

Higher-order aromatic charged Mobius-type annulenes have been Lkrealized computationally. These charged species are based on strips with more than one electronic half-twist, as defined by their linking numbers. The B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) optimized structures and properties of annulene rings with such multiple half-twists (C12H122+, C12H122−, C14H14, C18H182+, C18H182−, C21H21+, C24H242−, C28H282+, and C28H282−) have the nearly equal C−C bond lengths, small dihedral angles around the circuits, stabilization energies, and nucleus-independent chemical shift values associated with aromaticity. The topology and nature of Mobius annulene systems are analyzed in terms of the torus curves defined by electron density functions (ρ(r)π, ELFπ) constructed using only the occupied π-MOs. The π-torus subdivides into a torus knot for annulenes defined by an odd linking number (Lk = 1, 3π) and a torus link for those with an even linking number (Lk = 2, 4π). The torus topology is shown to map onto single canonical π-MOs only f...
Holographic image archive

Abstract This paper presents and associative technique for content-based retrieval into image archive, based on a computing paradigm called Multidimensional Holographic Associative Computing (MHAC). Unlike any prior Artificial Associative Memory (AAM), MHAC has the unique ability to focus on any subset of pixels in the sample image and retrieve learned images based on the similarity of the visual objects. In addition, MHAC is adaptive, graciously accommodative of imprecision, efficient, parallelizable, scalable and optically realizable. Together, these excellent properties of MHAC offer a promising novel approach to a content-based search into massive image archives. The paper presents the necessary transformational steps to incorporate this new mechanism into a complete image archival and retrieval system. This is the first associative search approach for content-based retrieval in image repository. The results show that this search system is capable of retrievals by using pattern objects as small as 10–15% of the query image frame at better than 90% accuracy. This demonstrates the potential of MHAC for handing content-based image applications far beyond the capability of current associative memories. The design, methodology and performance of this system have been illustrated in this paper through its application in managing a Medical Image Archive (MEDIA).
Lunar velocity structure and compositional and thermal inferences

Seismic data from Apollo Passive Seismic Network stations are analyzed to determine the velocity structure in the lunar crust and mantle. Since the publication of earlier results additional data has become available from the S-IVB impacts of the Apollo 16 and 17 missions and the LM ascent stage impact of the Apollo 17 mission. Data from these artificial impacts now cover a distance range of 9 to 1700 km. Travel times, amplitudes, and theoretical seismograms are used to derive a velocity structure for the outer 150 km of the moon. Preliminary results are given from the analysis of the complete set of seismograms.
REMOVING THE HAYSTACK — THE CMS TRIGGER AND DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS

The CMS Trigger and Data Acquisition Systems have been installed and commissioned and are awaiting data at the Large Hadron Collider. In this article, we describe what factors drove the design and architecture of the systems.
A Review of Emerging Technologies for Sustainable use of Coal for Power Generation

Concerns about climate change and environmental consequences of increased levels of atmospheric CO 2 will require the power generation industry to reduce CO 2 emissions from current levels. Unfortunately, for reductions to have the desired effect they will have to be large. While the schedule of the Kyoto Protocol may appear daunting, in the long term mere compliance with the protocol will hardly change the rate of increase of atmospheric CO 2. There are, however, technical, economical and practical choices that will allow the industry to meet the requirements of protocol and ultimately stop the increase in atmospheric CO 2 without eliminating coal from the fuel mix. In this paper, we present a review of current and emerging technologies for CO 2 sequestration. We provide a summary of the underlying scientific principles and discuss the practical and economic aspects of sequestration technologies, which will allow continuing use of global coal resources with minimum or no impact on CO 2 levels in the atmo...
Ambivalent romanticism: art and aesthetic insight in philosophy and politics

Etude des differentes formes artistique, esthetique, sceptique et politique du romantisme developpees par Kant, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche et Camus. A partir du scepticisme concernant la rationalite et la rupture entre experience et realite, l'A. montre que le romantisme philosophique aboutit a un romantisme politique.
Communicating Hydrocephalus: A Reversible Complication of the Mustard Operation with Serial Hemodynamics and Long-term Follow-up

Severe superior vena caval (SVC) obstruction following the Mustard operation resulted in substantially increased intracranial pressure in 3 patients. A pathophysiological mechanism is postulated to explain the cerebral edema in 1 and the communicating hydrocephalus in 2. Following surgical relief of the obstruction in the latter 2, there was a decrease in both the rate of head growth and the ventricular size. It is of note that despite the angiographic appearance of azygous decompression, the pressure elevation from the SVC obstruction was transmitted to the brain. The long-term follow-up at three and four years of the 2 infants with communicating hydrocephalus suggests that aggressive treatment is compatible with a favorable outcome.
Isolation and characterisation of wheat flour proteins. III.—Amino‐acid composition of Sephadex‐gel fractionated wheat flour proteins

Wheat flour proteins were extracted with 0·05M-acetic acid, 0·01M-sodium pyrophosphate buffer, pH 7·0, and 0.05M-acetic acid after pyrophosphate buffer, and were fractionated by Sephadex-gel filtration. Seventeen amino-acids were determined by ion-exchange Chromatography in hydrolysates of 19 protein extracts and fractions. Concentrations of amino-acids with ionisable cationic chains and with hydroxylic groups, and of cystine, glycine, alanine, valine, leucine and methionine were higher, and of dicarboxylic acids, and their amides, and of proline were lower, in the pyrophosphate- than in the acetic acid-extracted proteins. The distribution of amino-acids in Sephadex-gel separated fractions depended on the elution volume of the fraction. It was affected also by the system used in extracting the proteins from the flour and by the presence of salt-dispersible proteins in the acetic acid-extractable proteins.
High speed acquisition of multiparameter data using a Macintosh IIcx

Abstract Accelerator mass spectrometry systems based on > 3 MV tandem accelerators often use multianode ionization detectors and/or time-of-flight detectors to identify individual isotopes through multiparameter analysis. A Macintosh IIcx has been programmed to collect AMS data from a CAMAC-implemented analyzer and to display the histogrammed individual parameters and a doubleparameter array. The computer-CAMAC connection is through a NuBus to CAMAC dataway interface which allows direct addressing to all functions and registers in the crate. Asynchronous data from the rare isotope are sorted into a CAMAC memory module by a list sequence controller. Isotope switching is controlled by a one-cycle timing generator. A rate-dependent amount of time is used to transfer the data from the memory module at the end of each timing cycle. The present configuration uses 10–75 ms for rates of 500–10000 cps. Parameter analysis occurs during the rest of the 520 ms data collection cycle. Completed measurements of the isotope concentrations of each sample are written to files which are compatible with standard Macintosh databases or other processing programs. The system is inexpensive and operates at speeds comparable to those obtainable using larger computers.
The physiologic disposition of marihuana in man.

Abstract Marihuana and hashish are the most widely used illicit drugs. They are derived from the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa . Among the diverse chemicals in the plant, more than 20 so-called cannabinoids have been isolated and their chemical structures elucidated (1). In 1965, Mechoulam and coworkers (2,3) isolated △9- tetrahydrocannabinol (△9-THC) from cannabis extract and demonstrated that it was responsible for the psychopharmacologic effects of cannabis in animals. Later, Isbell (4) and Hollister et al. (5) confirmed these findings in man. This paper reviews the physiologic disposition of △9-THC in man; the disposition of △9-THC in animals has been reviewed elsewhere (6, 7, 8).
OUTCOMES OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION ASSOCIATED WITH HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION

Pulmonary hypertension associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (PH-HFpEF) is an increasingly common cause of PH. The long-term survival of patients with PH-HFpEF is unknown. We performed an observational study to determine survival in patients with PH-HFpEF and to compare it
GIVING-UP DENSITY AND DIETARY SHIFTS IN THE WHITE-FOOTED MOUSE, PEROMYSCUS LEUCOPUS

Dietary shifts are commonly exhibited by omnivorous consumers when foraging from variable food resources. One advantage of dietary shifts for a consumer is the ability to gain complementary resources from different foods. In addition, dietary shifts often affect food-web dynamics. Despite the importance of dietary shifts to organismal, community, and ecosystem ecology, empirical studies of the ecological mechanisms that control dietary shifts are limited in scope. In this study, we tested the effects of complementary resources on dietary shifts of an omnivorous mammal, the white-footed mouse Peromyscus leucopus, in the context of depletable food patches in the natural environment. We used two complementary resources: seeds that provide a higher energy gain per unit handling time and mealworms that provide a higher protein gain per unit handling time. Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen (d 13 C, d 15 N) in mouse plasma were used to quantify dietary shifts, and we determined giving-up density (GUD), the food density at which a forager leaves a food patch (for an optimal forager, it should correspond to the quitting harvest rate that balances net fitness gain with various costs of foraging). The results showed that GUD increased most significantly when a mixture of seeds and mealworms was added, compared to when only seeds or mealworms were added. This suggests that, given a similar level of food availability, a patch with a mixture of complementary foods is of higher quality than a patch with only one type of food. Moreover, GUD measured with seeds (GUDs) correlated positively with seed availability, and GUD measured with mealworms (GUDmw) correlated positively with mealworm availability, indicating that the marginal value of seeds or mealworms decreases with their relatively availability in the environment. As GUDs increased, P. leucopus shifted their diets toward higher trophic levels, and as GUDmw increased, P. leucopus shifted their diets toward lower trophic levels, suggesting dietary shifts driven by food complementarity. This study demonstrated that the combination of giving-up density and stable-isotope analysis holds great potential for testing ecological mechanisms underlying dietary shifts.
Specialized neuronal adaptation for preserving input sensitivity

Some neurons in auditory cortex respond to recent stimulus history by adapting their response functions to track stimulus statistics directly, as might be expected. In contrast, some neurons respond to loud sounds by adjusting their response functions away from high intensities and consequently remain sensitive to softer sounds. In marmoset monkey auditory cortex, the latter type of adaptation appears to exist only in neurons tuned to stimulus intensity.
Methadone maintenance and long-term lactation.

ABSTRACT Breastfeeding among methadone-maintained women is frequently challenged because of unclear guidelines regarding this practice. Previous research has confirmed that concentrations of methadone in breastmilk in the neonatal period are low. Currently unknown are the concentrations of methadone in breastmilk among women who breastfeed for longer periods of time. The purpose of this research is to examine concentrations of methadone in the plasma and breastmilk of women who breastfeed their infants beyond the neonatal period. Four methadone-maintained women provided blood and breastmilk samples up to 6 months postpartum. The concentrations of methadone in blood and breastmilk were low, contributing to the recommendation of breastfeeding for some methadone-maintained women.
Association analysis between Intragenomic Gene Conversions and pathogenicity in genomes of Escherichia coli and Shigella spp.: a scientific workflow approach

The RECOMBFLOW scientific workflow system was used to test a previously suggested hypothesis that pathogenic Escherichia coli have more Intragenomic Gene Conversions (IGC) than non-pathogenic strains. Although some pathogens (O157:H7 and some Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) strains) had high IGC, two UTI strains and six Shigella (pathogens in the E. coli clade) were near non-pathogenic E. coli levels. Functional bacterial gene families with IGC in >4 genomes included efflux pumps, L-serine deaminases, FeS binding subunits of oxidoreductases and glutamate synthase, porins and related membrane proteins, Rhs elements, and L-ribulose-5-phosphate-4-epimerase. Shigella had lower IGCs in these families than non-pathogenic E. coli.
Elevated levels of prostaglandin E2 in the liver of rats fed a choline deficient diet: possible involvement in liver tumor promotion.

Abstract The effect of feeding a choline deficient (CD) diet, an efficient liver tumor promoting regimen, on the prostaglandin metabolism in the liver of male Sprague-Dawley rats was investigated. The possible biological significance of the alteration was examined using hypolipidemic peroxisome proliferators and modifiers of prostaglandin metabolism such as indomethacin and menhaden oil in the short term assay of the induction of enzyme altered foci in the liver. A CD diet, when fed for 10–30 days, induced 2–2.5· times increases in the levels of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) in the liver, while the hypolipidemic peroxisome proliferators, 4-chloro-6(2,3-xylidino) pyrimidinylthio(N-hydroxyethyl)-acetamide (BR93l) and di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP), markedly reduced the levels of this metabolite. The addition of BR93l or indomethacin to a CD diet suppressed the diet-induced elevations of PGE 2 and a substitution of fats in a CD diet with menhaden oil had the same effect. Furthermore, both indomethacin and menhaden oil added to a CD diet suppressed the induction of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase positive hepatocyte foci in the liver of rats initiated with a single dose of diethylnitrosamine after 8 weeks of the dietary promotion. The results suggest that altered prostaglandin metabolism may be involved in the liver tumor promoting effect of a CD diet.
Competition between dissociation and exchange processes in a collinear A + BC collision. I. Exact quantum results☆

Abstract Exact quantum results for collision-induced dissociation on a reactive surface are presented. A modified LEPS potential-energy surface modeling the H + HD → H 2 + D system has been used. HD and H 2 bearing respectively 7 and 6 bound states. This system has been chosen because it displays significant reactive scattering for total energies above the dissociation threshold. Calculations have been performed using the time-dependent wavepacket method for two initial vibrational quantum numbers of the HD molecule ( v = 0, 2). For each vibrational quantum number, two wavepackets with overlapping energy distributions have been run, covering a total energy range up to more than three times the dissociation energy. Comparison with previous collision-induced dissociation calculations shows that the dissociation is greatly enhanced by the presence of concomitant reactive scattering. A vibrational enhancement effect is also observed above the dissociation threshold; for higher energies the system exhibits a pronounced vibrational inhibition effect.