cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LGBT Employment Nondiscrimination: Debating Sexuality and Citizenship

Nebraska is 1 of 26 states that did not protect LGBT people from employment discrimination prior to Bostock vs. Clayton County. This article examines debates in Nebraska about LGBT employment nondiscrimination as a window into how citizenship is defined in relation to sexuality and gender identity. We performed qualitative analyses on (1) the 2018 Nebraska Annual Social Indicators Survey of 902 respondents who shared their opinions on employment nondiscrimination legislation for LGBT individuals in close- and open-ended questions and (2) transcripts of the 2017 Nebraska state legislature debate of a bill that would have added sexual orientation and gender identity to the classes protected from employment discrimination. We find overlap in the primary frames employed by advocates and opponents. Both frame sexuality and gender as irrelevant to employment, and both rely on fairness and equality as rationales. Both sides also use a morality frame; however, those opposing argue that passage may result in discrimination based on religion. While civil rights are often assumed to be conferred on all people designated as citizens in a society, this paper reveals that LGBT people’s inclusion in the state remains contested. Both sides articulate that the state is not neutral but is expected to be an enforcer of values through policies implicating gender and sexuality. Because LGBT nondiscrimination policies tap into broader debates over freedom, morality, and citizenship, these will likely continue to be contested in the years following the Supreme Court’s ruling that protects against employment discrimination.
Urban Networks and Targeting: Evidence from Liberia

To solicit information from a social network in urban Monrovia, Liberia, we ask community members to assess their neighbors' poverty and assist in targeting a cash transfer. We find little evidence that local leaders, randomly selected neighbors, or neighbors nominated by fellow community members can accurately assess whether others in their community are among the poorest. Yet, all three groups target transfers to the poor modestly better than would be attributable to chance but worse than proxy-means-test-based targeting. We conclude that community advice provides some information for targeting but there are significant information frictions in networks in Monrovia.
Nadell, Pamela S. America’s Jewish Women: A History from Colonial Times to Today. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2019.

Review of Nadell, Pamela S. America’s Jewish Women: A History from Colonial Times to Today. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2019.
Sustainable Approaches to Urban Transport: Dinesh Mohan and Geetam Tiwari (Eds.) (2020). CRC Press. 329 pages. $179.95 (hardcover), $47.16 (e-book)

The United Nations (2019) projected that through the first half of the 21st century, more than half of the world’s population growth will happen in Asian and African cities. Understanding the trend...
Addressing the Mental Health of Black Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract. The COVID-19 pandemic continues to disrupt the world. However, a particular group has felt the effects of the pandemic to an extraordinarily greater degree: Black older adults. This conce...
Measuring Radiation Enhanced Diffusion Through in situ Ion Radiation Induced Sintering of Oxide Nanoparticles

Radiation enhanced diffusion often contributes significantly to the evolution of microstructures subject to radiation but can be challenging to predict in complex nonmetallic material systems. Here, microstructural evolution in the presence of ion radiation was leveraged to explore the underlying transport phenomenon. Specifically, in situ ion irradiation of nanoparticles reveal rapid densification at room temperature for nanoparticles of cerium oxide (CeO2) and yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) but not for magnesium oxide (MgO) or silicon carbide (SiC). This is attributed to rapid diffusion of radiation induced interstitial defects to the high density of free surfaces in the nanoparticle agglomerates. When these observations are combined with image processing and application of a simple two-sphere sintering model, radiation enhanced diffusivity values can be calculated. In situ irradiation of YSZ nanoparticles over a broader temperature range, 50 K to 1073 K, clearly revealed a transition between three distinct rate limiting regimes: (i) low temperature, sink-limited kinetics, (ii) intermediate temperature, recombination-limited kinetics, and (iii) at high-temperature the densification is consistent with thermally activated diffusion kinetics. The high spatial and temporal resolution provided by the in situ methodology is critical to confidently distinguishing these regimes in nonmetallic oxides. While only four nonmetallic nanoparticle systems are presented here (YSZ, CeO2, SiC, and MgO), application of this methodology to the readily accessible, diverse catalog of nanoparticle chemistries and morphologies will allow for rapid exploration of radiation-enhanced diffusion behavior in a broader range of complex nonmetallic systems without the need for tracers.
A Transformerless Composite Step-Down DC-DC Converter with Wide Input Voltage Range

This paper is focused on a composite step-down dc-dc converter architecture capable of operating efficiently over wide input voltage range. The composite architecture consists of a transformerless fixed-ratio stage (DCX) and a non-inverting buck-boost stage, which provides regulation while processing a relatively small fraction of the load power. The DCX stage is based on a 4-to-l transformerless stacked active bridge (TSAB) converter and a capacitively isolated l-to-l dual active bridge (DAB) converter. A high overall system efficiency is obtained over a wide input voltage range as the bulk of the indirect power is processed through the highly efficient DCX stage. A decoupled control scheme is presented for the composite system, which allows for fast output voltage regulation as well as efficient operation of the DCX stage close to its nominal conversion ratio. Experimental results are provided for a composite converter prototype delivering a well regulated 12V output voltage with a maximum output power of 120W, while the input voltage varies from 48 V to 65 V. Using 30V and 40V rated Silicon devices and small planar coupled inductors, the measured power stage efficiency peaks at 97.8% and is greater than 96% over the 48- 65V input voltage range and the 30-100% output power range.
Universal automated high frequency oscillation detector for real-time, long term EEG

Abstract Objective Interictal high frequency oscillations (HFOs) in intracranial EEG are a potential biomarker of epilepsy, but current automated HFO detectors require human review to remove artifacts. Our objective is to automatically redact false HFO detections, facilitating clinical use of interictal HFOs. Methods Intracranial EEG data from 23 patients were processed with automated detectors of HFOs and artifacts. HFOs not concurrent with artifacts were labeled quality HFOs (qHFOs). Methods were validated by human review on a subset of 2000 events. The correlation of qHFO rates with the seizure onset zone (SOZ) was assessed via (1) a retrospective asymmetry measure and (2) a novel quasi-prospective algorithm to identify SOZ. Results Human review estimated that less than 12% of qHFOs are artifacts, whereas 78.5% of redacted HFOs are artifacts. The qHFO rate was more correlated with SOZ ( p =0.020, Wilcoxon signed rank test) and resected volume ( p =0.0037) than baseline detections. Using qHFOs, our algorithm was able to determine SOZ in 60% of the ILAE Class I patients, with all algorithmically-determined SOZs fully within the resected volumes. Conclusions The algorithm reduced false-positive HFO detections, improving the precision of the HFO-biomarker. Significance These methods provide a feasible strategy for HFO detection in real-time, continuous EEG with minimal human monitoring of data quality.
Pictorial illustration of patterns of lymphatic spread in abdominal and pelvic malignancies: Recognizing the common and uncommon pathways

1074 Learning Objectives 1. Review the major pathways of lymphatic drainage of metastases from abdominal and pelvic malignancies. 2. Illustrate common pattern of lymphatic spread on PET/CT, diagnostic CT or MRI. 3. Recognize interesting and uncommon lymphatic spread pathways. Accurate classification of nodal involvement is important for tumor staging, treatment planning, evaluating treatment response and estimating of prognosis. The contribution of PET/CT in this critical aspect of management of patients with malignancies has been enormous and profound. To help young nuclear medicine residents as well as those who do not have ready access to PET/CT technology, we present a review of common and uncommon pathways of lymphatic drainage from abdominal and pelvic malignancies (excluding lymphoma), involving the cervix, endometrium, anal, rectum, colon, stomach, liver and so on. Although lymphatic pathways are well illustrated in anatomy textbooks, we aim to present a pictorial review of lymphatic pathways of tumor spread as seen on PET/CT images that can be used as a road map when evaluating images of patients with abdominal and pelvic malignancies. This presentation includes not only PET/CT images, but also anatomic illustrations and correlative imaging including diagnostic CT and/or MRI. In an era of multimodality approach, this presentation is expected to meet the needs of imaging physicians from many specialties
Integrated management of waterbirds: Beyond the conventional

-Integrated waterbird management over the past few decades has implicitly referred to methods for managing wetlands that usually attempt to enhance habitat for taxonomic groups such as shorebirds and wading birds, in addition to waterfowl, the traditional focus group. Here I describe five elements of integration in management: taxonomic, spatial, temporal, population and habitat, and multiple-use management objectives. Spatial integration simply expands the scale of management concern. Rather than emphasizing management on a very limited number of impoundments or wetlands in small refuges or wildlife management areas, the vision is beginning to shift to connectivity within larger landscapes on the order of many square kilometers as telemetry data on daily and seasonal movements for many species become available. Temporal integration refers to the potential for either simultaneous management for waterbirds and commercial "crops" (e.g., crayfish and rice) or for temporally-staggered management such as row crop production in spring-summer growing seasons and waterbird management on fallow fields in the non-growing (winter) season. Integrating population dynamics with habitats has become a major research focus over the past decade. Identifying which wetlands are "sources" or "sinks" for specific populations provides managers with critical information about effective management. Further, the applications of spatially explicit population models place heavy demands on researchers to identify use patterns for breeding and dispersing individuals by age, sex, and reproductive class. Population viability analysis models require much the same information. Finally, multiple-use management integration refers to trying to optimize the uses of wetlands, when only one (perhaps secondary) use may include waterbird management. Depending upon the ownership and primary land use of a particular parcel of land containing wetlands and/or water bodies, managing for waterbirds may be an "easy sell" (e.g., public natural resource lands) or a very contentious one, where wetlands are created for industrial, aquaculture or urban uses. In the latter case, careful planning and implementation require broad stakeholder participation and education.
Socialization and Hate: Can Higher Education Make a Difference?

What happens to students when their “Cycle of Socialization” clashes with their academic discipline and higher education? This qualitative participant observational study is grounded in the Hate Model and its intersection with the Cycle of Socialization as it clashes with social justice in higher education.
Preparation and Properties of an Affinity Column Adsorbent for Differentiation of Multiple Forms of α-Galactosidase Activity

Abstract A selective adsorbent for the purification of α-galactosidases was prepared by attaching the ligand p-aminophenyl-melibioside by an amide linkage to succinoylaminoalkyl agarose. Small columns packed with this adsorbent quantitatively extracted ceramide trihexosidase activity and other α-galactosidases from plasma and partially purified fractions of these enzymes. Quantitative recovery of the enzymatic activity was readily achieved by the addition of detergent to the eluting buffer. The affinity chromatographic behavior of multiple forms of human ceramide trihexosidase activity has been investigated in plasma, kidney, and urine without prior purification of the enzymes. A total of five different forms of ceramide trihexosidase was observed in normal plasma, along with six forms of α-galactosidase that were specific for p-nitrophenyl-α-galactoside. The same α-galactosidase pattern was observed with urine concentrates, whereas cholate-solubilized lysosomal enzymes from kidney gave a simpler pattern with only one form of ceramide trihexosidase. The three plasma ceramide trihexosidases having optimal activity at pH 7.2 (B forms) were absent in plasma from heterozygous and hemizygous patients with Fabry's disease. Two forms of plasma ceramide trihexosidase with a pH optimum at 5.4 (A forms) were diminished in heterozygotes and were less than 5% of normal activity in plasma from hemizygotes. Only one of the six nonspecific α-galactosidases was deficient in Fabry plasma after affinity chromatography. Several additional proteins with affinity for the ligand were obtained from the plasma of Fabry patients. It is postulated that these proteins are catalytically inactive forms of ceramide trihexosidase.
Induction of enlarged intestinal lymphoid aggregates during acute glutathione depletion in a murine model.

Glutathione is a nonenzymatic antioxidant synthesized by most animal cells and is depleted in inflammatory bowel disease. The effects of glutathione depletion on intestinal histology and inhibitory neurochemicals was examined in a mouse model. Glutathione depletion in A/J mice involved inhibition of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase using l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) for 10 days. Ileum and colon were obtained from saline-control mice, BSO-treated mice, and BSO-treated mice receiving ascorbate or glutathione monoethylester. Glutathione, lipid peroxides, and nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase activity were measured by colorimetric assays. Vasoactive intestinal peptide was measured by radioimmunoassay. Glutathione depletion induced enlargement of mucosal–submucosal lymphoid aggregates without germinal centers in ileum and colon. These aggregates were prevented by supplementation with glutathione monoethylester but not ascorbate. Tissue levels of inhibitory neurochemicals were unchanged. Depletion of glutathione appears to induce enlarged lymphoid aggregates by recruitment of lymphocytes from the peripheral circulation. A component of the inflammation that develops in inflammatory bowel disease could be related to depletion of tissue levels of glutathione.
Parturition in Macaca nemestrina

Measures were taken on 187 pregnancies of 104 pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) to document the normative course of parturition and to identify factors correlated with high risk for poor pregnancy outcomes. Analyses involved weekly physical examinations and diurnal sleep-wake-fulness patterns during trimester three; behavior during labor and delivery; and newborn sex, Apgar ratings, birthweight, and reflexes. Onset of labor was estimated at three-four hours before delivery, the time when circadian activity level first deviated from its predelivery pattern. Active labor averaged 92 minutes, and was characterized by increased uterine contractions and manipulation of the vaginal area. The modal delivery time was 2200 hr through 2400 hr. Most infants emerged from the vulva in a cranial-anterior-anterior presentation, with only a brief pause between head expulsion and complete emergence. Females with histories of poor pregnancy outcomes were more likely to deliver after midnight and showed less labor-unique behavior than females with good outcome histories. Infants of high-risk females that were delivered after midnight had lower Apgar scores and more bruising than infants of low-risk females delevered before of after midnight, suggesting that high-risk females may have more difficult deliveries. Overall, the results show that simple direct observations of parturition can yield important quantitative normative information that is correlated with reproductive risk factors.
Who Remains Mexican? Selective Ethnic Attrition and the Intergenerational Progress of Mexican Americans

This chapter argues that selective ethnic attrition creates potentially serious problems for tracking the socioeconomic progress of the US-born descendants of Mexican immigrants. As the descendants of Mexican immigrants assimilate into American society and often intermarry with non-Mexicans, ethnic identification weakens, particularly among the children produced by Mexican intermarriages. This process of ethnic leakage is highly selective, because Mexican Americans who intermarry tend to have much higher education and earnings than Mexican Americans who do not intermarry. Consequently, available data for third- and higher-generation Mexicans, who usually can only be identified by their subjective responses to questions about Hispanic ethnicity, understate the socioeconomic attainment of this population. In effect, through the selective nature of intermarriage and ethnic identification, some of the most successful descendants of Mexican immigrants assimilate to such an extent that they fade from empirical observation. We present several pieces of evidence that are consistent with this story.
Funciones de la antropofagia en la Verdadera historia de Hans Staden y en El entenado de Juan José Saer

En la Verdadera historia de Hans Staden, de 1557, se puede observar una apropiacion tactica de la otredad del canibal en un relato de aventuras que, mas tarde, se integraria en un proyecto editorial con fines estrategicos en un contexto especificamente protestante. El entenado de Juan Jose Saer (1982) no constituye un simple regreso al imaginario colonial de lo antropofagico, sino que funciona como una compleja “Umschrift” de esta tradicion, en el sentido freudiano. La vision del canibalismo en Saer se separa de la de Staden precisamente por haberse producido, con el psicoanalisis, una nueva funcionalizacion antropologica de la figura del canibal, que deja de ser el otro externo para convertirse en una otredad interna instalada como condicion propia en la psique de cada ser humano
Event-Based Real-Time Monitoring

Abstract Real-time monitoring is required because of the uncertainty in the operating environment such as (i) faulty hardware (ii) the untrustworthiness of legacy and/or imported systems and (iii) the violation of operational assumptions by the external environment, e.g., operator mistakes. Different types of uncertainty may constrain the type of monitoring that can be performed. In this talk, we shall discuss the monitoring of non-functional properties such as timeliness and resource usage bounds, under the constraints imposed by the operating environment such as the uncertainty in the time of occurrence of events or the untrustworthiness of imported code.
Comparative 60Co total body irradiation (220 cm SAD) and 25 MV total body irradiation (370 cm SAD) dosimetry

Abstract Adults with acute leukemia and malignant lymphoma in relapse after conventional therapy are treated with cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation (TBI) followed by autologous bone marrow transplants. For cobalt TBI, patients seated in a stand angled 45° above the floor are treated in a single fraction with sequential right and left lateral 87 cm ×87 cm fields at 220 cm source-axis distance (SAD) using a 5000 Ci cobalt unit. Typical lateral diameters, mid-plane dose rates, mid-plane doses, and maximum doses are: Hips, 34 cm, 8 rad/min, 900 rad, and 1050 rad; and shoulders, 38 cm, 7.7 rad/min, 800 rad, 1080 rad. The estimated lung dose is 1000 to 1100 rad. A compensator limits the dose to the head to 1000 rad. Estimated organ doses are: small intestine, liver and kidneys-1100 rad, and heart-1200 rad. Phantom dosimetry and dosimetry on patients treated reveals that these doses are delivered within 5 % accuracy. Patient tolerance of treatment, and some biological considerations of low dose rate therapy are reviewed. Certain dosimetry features of an alternate treatment at 370 cm SAD, using 25 MV photons are also presented.
Antipsychotic drugs elevate mRNA levels of presynaptic proteins in the frontal cortex of the rat

Background Molecular adaptations are believed to contribute to the mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs (APDs). We attempted to establish common gene regulation patterns induced by chronic treatment with APDs. Methods Gene expression analysis was performed with the Affymetrix U34A array in the frontal cortex (FC) and the striatum of rats chronically treated with two concentrations of either clozapine or haloperidol. Key data were verified with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results Many genes in the FC affected by APD-treatment contribute to similar functions. mRNAs coding for synaptic vesicle docking- and microtubule-associated proteins were upregulated; mRNAs for serine-threonine protein phosphatases were downregulated, whereas the serine-threonine kinases protein kinase A, protein kinase C, and calcium/calmodulin kinase II alpha and IV were upregulated, indicating increased potential for protein phosphorylation. In the striatum, altered gene expression was less focused on genes of particular function or location, and the high concentration of haloperidol had a different gene expression profile than any of the other APD treatments. Conclusion We found an increase in the transcription of genes coding for proteins involved in synaptic plasticity and synaptic activity in the FC. We furthermore found that the gene expression profile of APDs is different between FC and striatum.
Transformation of sweetgum via microprojectile bombardment of nodule cultures

A sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) nodule culture system was developed and integrated with genetic transformation by microprojectile bombardment. Nodule cultures were established from seedling hypocotyls and proliferated in liquid medium containing 0.1 mg (0.45 µM) thidiazuron (TDZ) per 1 and 0.01 mg (0.045 µM) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) per 1. Shoots differentiated from the nodules in liquid media containing (per 1) 1 mg (4.4 µM) benzyladenine (BA), 0.5 mg (2.2 µM) BA, and 0.01 mg (0.054 µM) naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), or 0.5 mg BA, 0.01 mg NAA, and 0.05 mg (0.23 µM) TDZ under the light. Differentiating shoots required 4 wk of dark treatment for further development on semisolid medium containing 1 mg BA per 1. Elongated shoots were harvested and the basal ends were soaked in a solution containing 10 mg (49.2 µM) indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) per 1 before being planted in potting mix for ex vitro rooting. Roots formed and leaves expanded in 2 wk. Sweetgum nodules were stably transformed by microprojectile bombardment with a 7.4-kb plasmid, pTRA 140, harboring CaMV 35S-HPH and CaMV 35S-GUS. Evidence that nodules growing in the presence of hygromycin B were stably transformed was provided by polymerase chain reaction analysis and β-glucuronidase activity. Sweetgum shoots differentiated in liquid medium in the presence of hygromycin B. Shoots transferred to solid medium lacking hygromycin B elongated and displayed β-glucuronidase activity in their expanding leaves and stems. Southern analysis confirmed the presence of the GUS gene in nodules and shoots. Transgenic shoots initiated roots and showed leaf expansion 2 wk after being planted in potting mix.
Weak low-latitude X-ray sources and local galactic structure

A LONG-STANDING problem of astronomy has been the elucidation of conditions that prevail in the local solar neighbourhood. Starting with Gould1, work has continued to try to map out the morphology of the Milky Way in the vicinity of the Sun. It was noted a century ago1 that the nearby OB stars were not distributed symmetrically with respect to the galactic plane. We report here some of the interesting contributions that X-ray sources make towards this picture.
Overlooked sedimentary particles from tropical weathering environments

Two varieties of sedimentary particles that are common in tropical weathering environments have remained largely overlooked by sedimentary petrologists. Alterites are grains that have been so thoroughly altered by chemical weathering processes that identification of the precursor grain is impossible. They consist of secondary weathering products such as clays, zeolites, and iron sesquioxides, as well as incompletely weathered remains of relatively stable mineral phases. Alterites that consist of clay-sand composites allow the transport and deposition of hydraulically dissimilar constituents under a single hydrodynamic regime and may be important in the production of some graywackes. A second class, the pedogenic ferruginous particles, takes on a variety of forms, including laterite fragments, soil pisolites, and oxidized burrow rinds. Although these particles are common in modern fluvial sands in the tropics, wholesale dissolution of amorphous or poorly crystalline iron sesquioxides during burial diagenesis may help to explain the rarity of such particles in ancient sediments. Although their potential for preservation is low, dissolution of ferruginous particles may be an important source of diagenetic iron, which may be redeposited to form ferruginous cements or diagenetic redbeds.
The reaction of diphenyllithioarsine with quinones and aromatic ketones: a convenient synthesis of tetraphenyldiarsine

Abstract Diphenyllithioarsine is oxidized by aromatic ketones and quinones to tetraphenyldiarsine. These reactions were studied by means of EPR spectroscopy in order to ascertain the course of the reaction. Tetraphenyldiarsine was charcterized by its mass spectrum, PMR spectrum, and conversion to diphenyldimethylarsonium iodide.
Studies on the induction of chromosomal aberrations in human leukocytes by cytosine arabinoside.

Abstract Studies were performed on the action of the nucleic acid base analogue, cytosine arabinoside, on human leukocyte chromosomes. It was found that cytosine arabinoside could induce chromosomal aberrations at all times during the cell cycle. It was found, however, that the chemical had very little, or no, effect on the chromosomes of unstimulated leukocytes. Addition of deoxycytidine during, but not after, the treatment with cytosine arabinoside resulted in a decrease in the yield of aberrations indicating it was affecting the induction of the aberrations. These results are interpreted to mean that cytosine arabinoside does not induce aberrations by inhibiting the replication of chromosomal DNA. The induction of the aberrations is believed to be closely related to nucleoside pool formation and nuclease activity in the cell, possibly in a way proposed by Ahnstrom and Natarajan [1].
Supplemental pollination-increasing jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis L. (schneider)) seed yields in the Arid Chaco environment

Abstract Jojoba ( Simmondsia chinensis L. [Schneider]) is a wind-pollinated perennial shrub native to the Sonoran Desert. In recent years commercial plantations in Arizona and Catamarca, Argentina have dramatically decreased in size and number, going from 13,000 ha in the early 1980s to about 2,300 ha today. The main reason for this decrease is yields being lower than expected, with low pollination percentages considered the main source of the problem, although use of inferior genetic material has contributed to the problem. Artificial or supplemental pollination has been used successfully in other crops to increase yields, and it was thought that this could also be used for jojoba. A trial was carried out over two seasons in which pollen collected in Arizona, was mechanically applied to commercial fields in Catamarca. The first year yields were significantly ( P P
A multiple instance neuro-fuzzy inference system for fusion of multiple landmine detection algorithms

We present a novel method to fuse the output of multiple discrimination algorithms for the purpose of landmine detection using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). The proposed fusion method is based on a neuro-fuzzy architecture employing Multiple Instance Fuzzy Inference, called Multiple Instance Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (MI-ANFIS). Multiple Instance Fuzzy Inference is a generalization of fuzzy inference that enables fuzzy reasoning with bags of instances. Pre-processed GPR data are usually grouped into bags of signal slices extracted at multiple depths. Labels of the bags are known, but not those of individual instances. It is very difficult to localize the objects depth automatically, and it is a very tedious process to do it manually. MI-ANFIS is capable of learning meaningful and simple fusion rules from ambiguously labeled data. Thus, making it suitable for the purpose of multiple landmine discrimination algorithms fusion. Initial testing on large and diverse GPR data collections has shown promising results. MI-ANFIS was able to overcome labeling ambiguity and outperformed other commonly used fusion methods.
Effect of gender on lower extremity kinematics during rapid direction changes: An integrated analysis of three sports movements

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common sports injury, particularly in females. Gender differences in knee kinematics have been observed for specific movements, but there is limited information on how these findings relate to other joints and other movements. Here we present an integrated analysis of hip, knee and ankle kinematics across three movements linked to non-contact ACL injury. It was hypothesised that there are gender differences in lower extremity kinematics, which are consistent across sports movements. Ten female and ten male NCAA basketball players had three-dimensional hip, knee and ankle kinematics quantified during the stance phase of sidestep, side-jump and shuttle-run tasks. For each joint angle, initial value at contact, peak value and between-trial variability was obtained and submitted to a two-way mixed design ANOVA (gender and movement), with movement condition treated as a repeated measure. Females had higher peak knee valgus and lower peak hip and knee flexion, with the same gender differences also existing at the beginning of stance (p
Refining inaccurate sensor positions using target at unknown location

This paper addresses the problem of improving the receiver positions in a sensor array using the positioning measurements of targets at unknown locations. Using an efficient estimate of the target locations, a computationally efficient estimator is proposed to refine the sensor positions using the same set of measurements from the targets. The considered measurements include TOA and TDOA. The proposed estimator has closed-form and is able to reach the CRLB accuracy under small Gaussian noise which is supported by theoretical analysis and simulation studies.
Early and late survival after surgical treatment of culture-positive active endocarditis.

Objective To describe a 30-year experience with surgically treated culture-positive active endocarditis. Design We retrospectively reviewed the microbiologic, clinical, and operative findings and the survival data in 151 patients with culture-positive active endocarditis encountered between 1961 and 1991. Results The mean age of the 110 male and 41 female patients was 49.8 years. Native valve endocarditis was present in 86 patients, and prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) was diagnosed in 65. The aortic valve was involved in 62 % of patients, the mitral valve in 25%, and both valves in 10%. The operative mortality was 26%. The most important univariate determinants of mortality were an abscess at operation ( P = 0.01) and renal failure ( P = 0.03). A trend toward a higher mortality with PVE and staphylococcal infection was noted. For hospital survivors, the 5- and 10-year survival was 71 % and 60%, respectively. Univariate determinants of an adverse longterm survival were annular abscess ( P = 0.01), renal impairment (P = 0.01), heart failure ( P = 0.02), and aortic valve involvement ( P = 0.05). On multivariate analysis, the most important adverse determinants of long-term survival were heart failure ( P = 0.02), renal impairment ( P = 0.02), and PVE ( P = 0.03). Thirty patients required a subsequent reoperation; of these, seven required a second and two a third operation. The most common reason for reoperation was periprosthetic regurgitation without infection (N = 19). Four operations were performed for recurrent endocarditis. At 5 and 10 years, the risk of reoperation was 23% and 36%, respectively. Conclusion Although surgical treatment of culture-positive active endocarditis is still associated with substantial mortality, the long-term outcome of hospital survivors is excellent. Subsequent reoperations for periprosthetic leak are common, but recurrent infection is uncommon.
César Milstein, the father of modern immunology.

In memoriam: Cesar Milstein, who with the late Georges Kohler invented monoclonal antibodies, died on 24 March 2002. Their invention sprang from basic research on antibody diversity and specificity, and spawned revolutionary advances in biology, medicine and industry.
Differences in brain and body weights of mice caused by differential housing

Des changements prononces du poids du corps et du cerveau ont ete causes chez des souries en les exposant a des environments differents pendant 4–11 semaines.
Use of rapid HIV antibody testing for controlling the HIV pandemic.

The HIV pandemic continues to expand throughout Africa and southern Asia. Despite recent advances in therapy, the primary means of prevention continues to be the identification of infected patients through diagnostic testing, and the provision of counseling services to reduce HIV transmission. In order to facilitate the identification of infected patients, great strides have been made during the past 10 years towards the development of simple, rapid HIV antibody assays that require no specialized equipment, are relatively stable at ambient temperatures and can be easily performed by people who do not have a laboratory background. Evaluations of these assays have shown that when used in multiple assay algorithm strategies, they perform comparably with current laboratory-based methods. Effective global implementation of these tests will require a concerted effort from public and private health agencies, however, expanding the use of these assays can provide a significant opportunity to slow the devastating ...
Application of SERS in photographic sciences

Abstract Various possibilities for application of SERS in photographic science will be shortly discussed and illustrated. SERS can give information about the formation of print-out silver in a silver halide emulsion, about the sulfur digestion of photographic emulsions and about the relative efficiencies of sensitization within a series of similar cyanine dyes.
Transgression, fate control, and compliant behavior

A hypothesis was tested that increased “fate control” will lead to increased compliance. Fate control was manipulated by inducing S to tell a lie about information he had received and then make use of the information. Other Ss were induced to lie but could not make use of the information. Control Ss who told no lie were included in the design. Significant compliance was observed in the “fate control” group only.
Corrosion fatigue reliability of aging aircraft structures

Structural integrity evaluation methods for aging aircraft are surveyed. Design approaches and programmes adopted by the aircraft industry to ensure structural safety are reviewed. Corrosion fatigue is the major failure mechanism affecting airframe integrity. Therefore, corrosion fatigue reliability analysis and life prediction methods are emphasized in detail. Probabilistic methods to simulate the total corrosion fatigue damage process and to estimate the reliability, considering both single-site and multiple-site damage, are studied. Application examples that illustrate the reliability evaluation of aircraft fuselage lap joints under corrosion and fatigue are discussed.
Mechanistic studies of displacer-protein binding in chemically selective displacement systems using NMR and MD simulations.

A parallel batch screening technique was employed to identify chemically selective displacers which exhibited exclusive separation behavior for the protein pair α-chymotrypsin/ribonuclease A on a strong cation exchange resin. Two selective displacers, 1-(4-chlorobenzyl)piperidin-3-aminesulfate and N′1′-(4-methyl-quinolin-2-yl)-ethane-1,2-diamine dinitrate, and one non-selective displacer, spermidine, were selected as model systems to investigate the mechanism of chemically selective displacement chromatography. Saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR was used to directly evaluate displacer–protein binding. The results indicated that while binding occurred between the two chemically selective displacers and the more hydrophobic protein, α-chymotrypsin, no binding was observed with ribonuclease A. Further, the non-selective displacer, spermidine, was not observed to bind to either protein. Importantly, the binding event was observed to occur primarily on the aromatic portion of the selective displacers. Extensive molecular dynamic simulations of protein–displacer–water solution were also carried out. The MD results corroborated the NMR findings demonstrating that the binding of selective displacers occurred primarily on hydrophobic surface patches of α-chymotrypsin, while no significant long term binding to ribonuclease A was observed. The non-selective displacer did not show significant binding to either of the proteins. MD simulations also indicated that the charged amine group of the selective displacers in the bound state was primarily oriented towards the solvent, potentially facilitating their interaction with a resin surface. These results directly confirm that selective binding between a protein and displacer is the mechanism by which chemically selective displacement occurs. This opens up many possibilities for future molecular design of selective displacers for a range of applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 1428–1437. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of Anti-T Cell (Theta) and Anti-B Cell (Beta) Serum on the Immune Response in Mice

Heterologous anti-B cell (anti-beta) serum was prepared in rabbits against the spleen from neonatally thymectomized mice. The anti-beta serum, after absorption with thymus, is cytotoxic for bone marrow, bone marrow-derived cells, fetal liver and peritoneal lymphocytes. The cytotoxicity to the B cell can be absorbed out with bone marrow.The cytotoxic effects of anti-beta serum on spleen and lymph node cells is compared to that of anti-theta serum. The data suggest that spleen has relatively more B than T cells, while lymph node has relatively more theta-positive cells.To test the effect of anti-beta and anti-theta serum on the functional activity of lymphoid cells, C57 spleen or thymus was pre-incubated with the antiserum, in the presence of complement, and tested in vivo for graft-vs-host activity or transfer of an adoptive immune response to SRBC.Treatment with anti-beta serum does not decrease the graft-vs-host activity of thymus or spleen cells. Anti-theta serum does decrease the graft-vs-host activity...
Semiconductor Nanolasers (A Tutorial)

This tutorial focuses on miniaturization of semiconductor lasers down to sub-micron scale based on both bottom-approach such as nanowires and nanosheets and top-down approach such as etched nano-pillars encased in metallic or plasmonic shells.
The imagery bizarreness effect as a function of sentence complexity and presentation time

Two experiments were carried out to examine the relationship between the bizarreness effect (more words recalled from bizarre images than from common images), sentence complexity, and presentation time. Experiment 1 showed that the bizarreness effect was not influenced by processing time when simple sentences were used. However, for complex sentences, an interaction occurred such that nouns from common sentences were recalled better with an 11-sec presentation rate, and nouns from bizarre sentences were recalled better with a 15-sec presentation rate. This interaction was replicated in Experiment 2. These results show that the bizarreness effect does occur for complex sentences, provided that enough processing time is given. The results also suggest that reviews of the bizarreness literature need to consider processing time as a potentially important variable.
Renal Thrombotic Microangiopathy in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and the Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Current studies indicate that a thrombotic microangiopathy (TIVIA) identifies patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who are at high risk of progressing to end-stage renal disease. We have observed two patients with SLE and one patient with a primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) who developed acute renal insufficiency with thrombocytopenia. Renal biopsies showed a TIVIA characterized by thrombi or by cellular and mucoid intimal hyperplasia of small arteries and arterioles. No arterial or arteriolar immune-complex deposits were detected by immunofluorescent or electron microscopy. Biopsies from one SLE patient and the APS patient showed no immune-complex glomerular disease. Both had serum antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). aPL were not detected in the serum of the other SLE patient who had an active lupus nephritis. Acute renal failure and thrombocytopenia resolved in each case following treatment by plasmapheresis or prednisone and heparin. None of the patients were initially treated with cytotoxic drugs. As more knowledge is gained, the accurate identification of renal vascular lesions in SLE or related diseases could influence renal prognosis and choice of therapy. The cases reported here provide further evidence that a TMA can cause acute renal failure independent of lupus nephritis. TMA should be distinguished from other forms of renal vascular disease, particularly a noninflammatory lupus microangiopathy, which is probably mediated by subendothelial immune-complex deposits. The absence of immunoglobulin deposits in vessels involved by a TMA indicates that microvascular thrombosis is promoted by mechanisms other than those usually attributed to immune-complex disease. Phospholipid reactive antibodies may be pathogenetic in some cases.
Contact line moving on a solid

The moving contact line problem can be summarized as follows: consider the triple line where a solid, a liquid and its vapor meet. This contact line may be the perimeter of a liquid droplet standing on a solid. Suppose now that, because of gravity for instance, the droplet and so its perimeter slides on the solid surface. The boundary conditions for viscous fluids impose that the flow velocity on an immobile solid is zero. If one assumes that the liquid/vapor surface is a material surface, i.e. that it is convected by the fluid, the contact line cannot move with respect to the solid, contrary to what is observed. Over the years many suggestions have been made to solve this problem. I show that solutions relying on the introduction of microscopic length scales are not consistent within the general framework of continuum mechanics. To get consistent solutions, one needs to introduce evaporation/condensation near the moving line, in agreement with experimental findings.
Simultaneous determination of p-hydroxylated and dihydrodiol metabolites of phenytoin in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography

Accurate urinary measurements of the two major metabolites of phenytoin, 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (p-HPPH) and 5-(3,4-dihydroxy-cyclohexa-1,5-dienyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (dihydrodiol, DHD), are necessary for pharmacokinetic and drug-interaction studies of this commonly used antiepileptic drug. We describe a simple, rapid, acid hydrolysis, with liquid-liquid extraction and simultaneous isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of p-HPPH and 5-(m-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (m-HPPH) (hydrolytic end product of DHD). p-HPPH and m-HPPH were quantitated against their separate respective internal standards of alphenal and tolylbarb. The mobile phase consisted of water-dioxane-tetrahydrofuran (80:15:5, v/v/v) at 2 ml/min and at 50 degrees C, with detection at 225 nm. Baseline separation was achieved by use of a 16 cm x 3.9 mm Nova-Pak C18 column and total analysis time of 12 min. p-HPPH and m-HPPH concentrations ranged from 10 to 200 and from 2 to 30 micrograms/ml, respectively, with between-day coefficients of variations of 3.3-4.5% and 2.2-5.1% for controls. All standard curves were linear with r values greater than 0.993. The DHD concentration was determined by multiplying m-HPPH concentrations by 2.3.
Autoradiography of mobile, C14-labeled herbicides in sections of leaf tissue.

Fresh leaf tissue containing a soluble, C14-labeled herbicide was mounted in cold 1% gelatin on a holder, quick frozen in a cryostat, and cross sectioned at 16 μ with single-edge, stainless steel razor blades. The sections were transferred (without thawing) to cold (—10 C) microscope slides which had been partly covered with double-coated Scotch tape #665. The tissue was freeze-dried in a vacuum desiccator at—20 C then secured to the tape with pressure. Autoradiography was accomplished in a darkroom by covering the slides with dry, nuclear track emulsion films. These films were made by dipping 2 inch diameter wire loops into liquid emulsion, letting the film dry, and applying it by blowing it as it was placed against the tissue. After a 19 day exposure in light-tight boxes at 25-27 C the preparations were processed in the usual manner. The method-was used successfully to trace the movement of soluble, C14-labeled herbicides in leaf tissue without the loss of labeling material or artifacts caused by its di...
Importance of treatment efficacy research on language comprehension in MR/DD research.

The purpose of this review is to discuss the importance of treatment efficacy research in language comprehension in MR/DD populations. Although receptive language deficit is an integral part of most MR/DD typologies, there have been relatively few studies evaluating the effectiveness or efficacy of treatment for this condition. Recently, there has been increased attention placed on auditory processing in children with disabilities, an aspect of cognition related to receptive language, but there have also been few studies investigating the effectiveness or efficacy of training designed to improve auditory processing. In addition to arguing that additional studies in this area are needed, the review includes several theoretical frameworks for addressing the treatment of receptive language deficits in MR/DD. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2004;10:201–207.