cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adenosine-Dependent Induction of Glutathione Peroxidase 1 in Human Primary Endothelial Cells and Protection Against Oxidative Stress

Cellular glutathione peroxidase (GPx-1), a selenocysteine-containing enzyme, plays a central role in protecting cells from oxidative injury. GPx-1 is ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic cells where it reduces hydrogen and lipid peroxides to alcohols. Adenosine, which is released from stressed or injured cells, protects against ischemia/reperfusion injury and apoptosis. In this study, we hypothesize that the cytoprotective effect of adenosine involves an increase in the activity of GPx-1. Treatment of human primary pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) with 50 μmol/L adenosine in the presence of 10 μmol/L erytho-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine (EHNA), an adenosine deaminase inhibitor, for 48 hours increased GPx-1 mRNA levels 2-fold. GPx-1 protein and enzyme activity also increased ≈2-fold after treatment. The induction of GPx-1 expression was found to be a consequence of increased mRNA stability and not an increase in transcription. Bisindolylmaleimide I (BIM), a protein kinase C signaling pathway inhibitor, significantly attenuated the induction of GPx-1 mRNA by ≈36%. The adenosine/EHNA-treated cells were more resistant to hydrogen peroxide stress. Both pharmacological inhibition and siRNA knockdown of GPx-1 attenuated the protective affect of adenosine/EHNA treatment, indicating that the adenosine-induced increase in GPx-1 contributes to an increase in cellular protection against oxidative stress. These data suggest that adenosine may protect the cardiovascular system from ischemia/reperfusion injury, in part, by enhancing the expression of the central intracellular antioxidant enzyme, GPx-1.
Preschool Children Use Linguistic Form Class and Pragmatic Cues to Interpret Generics

Generic noun phrases (e.g., "Bats live in caves") are important for expressing knowledge about abstract kinds. Past work has found that parents frequently use generic noun phrases in their speech to young children. However, little is known regarding how children understand these expressions, nor which cues signal generic meaning. The present set of 5 studies examined the influence of linguistic form class (e.g., "What color are dogs?" [generic] versus "What color are the dogs?" [nongeneric]) and of pragmatic context (e.g., "What color are they?" in the presence of either a single exemplar [generic] or multiple exemplars [nongeneric]). Participants were 2-year-olds (N = 42), 3-year-olds (N = 40), 4-year-olds (N = 40), and adults (N = 51). The data indicate that by 2 years of age, children use linguistic form class, and by 3 years of age, children use pragmatic context. These findings demonstrate that young children have begun to understand the distinction between generic and nongeneric noun phrases from a very young age, and that identification of generics is signaled not by formal or pragmatic cues alone, but by a combination of information from both language form and pragmatic context. It is suggested that children make use of multiple linguistic and conceptual cues to acquire and interpret generics.
Similarities and differences between parietal and frontal patients in autobiographical and constructed experience tasks.

Abstract Recent findings suggest that constructed experience, the ability to envision future events, activates the same cortical network as recollection of past events. For example, damage to one key area, the hippocampus, impairs patients’ ability to remember the past and to imagine novel experiences (Hassabis, Kumaran, Vann, & Maguire, 2007). Here, we investigated whether damage to two other areas, posterior parietal cortex and prefrontal cortex, also impairs this ability. Patients with bilateral posterior parietal lesions or unilateral prefrontal lesions were tested in their ability to describe imaginary future events. Only parietal patients were impaired at freely describing autobiographical memories, but both patient groups were impaired when elaborating constructed experiences. This dissociation suggests that parietal and prefrontal structures are differentially involved in constructed experience. Current tasks may impose overly broad cognitive demands making it impossible to specify the deficient cognitive component in any patient group. These findings provide additional constraints regarding the mechanistic role of the parietal cortex in memory.
Andreas Bodenstein of Carlstadt Prodigal Reformer

In the fall of 1524 the Strassburg reformer Wolfgang Capito published a typically irenic work entitled Was man halten und antworten soil von der Spaitung zwischen Martin Luther und Andres Caroistadt , in which he showed, at least to his own satisfaction, that the disagreement between Martin Luther and Andreas Carlstadt, the two former colleagues on the Wittenberg faculty, was peripheral and of no significance. Luther himself begged to differ, called Carlstadt “incarnatus diabolus” and remarked with characteristic flair, “ibi non homo sed spiritus Satanae ornat se sua sapientia.” Historically Luther's assessment, rather than Capito's, has set the precedent. In the first decade of this century Hermann Barge sought to raise and answer Capito's question once more Barge published an impressive two-volume biography of Carlstadt with the express intent of modifying the traditionally negative view of his hero. At the same time he offered a broad reinterpretation of the early Reformation. Barge chided scholarship for its preoccupation with the leading Reformation figures and demanded that greater attention be paid to the sentiment of the common people. According to Barge, a ground swell of popular enthusiasm for ecclesiastical change came to the fore at Wittenberg during Luther's stay in the Wartburg, exerting its influence upon the theologians, notably Carlstadt, who became the main spokesman for this new perspective and helped in the attempt at actual transformation at Wittenberg, making some incisive theological and ecclesiastical contributions. Elector Frederick, perturbed by the mandate of the Reichsregiment of January 20, 1522, intervened and crushed this budding “lay puritanism.” Luther had originally sided with those who demanded definite ecclesiastical change, but switched his orientation under the Elector's influence and returned to Wittenberg as a determined proponent of conservative reform. The scholarly opposition to Barge was virtually unanimous and his volumes, while adding substantial information, particularly for the time after 1523, made no positive contribution to Reformation scholarship.
Dynamic capacity estimation for a typical grid-tied event programmable Li-FePO 4 battery

Electro-chemical batteries suffer capacity fading over the usage lifetime. Contributing factors are operating conditions, which includes local weather, selection of safety thresholds and event management. In addition, the shelf life is also known to be dependent on the inherent deterioration of the chemical properties over time. The term ‘capacity fading’ does not carry value without indicating a benchmark to evaluate it. In this case, the benchmark is signified by the contracting down the safe operation region over the tenure of usage, within an expected limit, beyond which the system is considered unsafe or uneconomical to operate. This assessment was important to estimate useful battery life feasible for cost recovery
13C/12C ratio measurements of aromatic molecules using photoionization with TOF mass spectrometry

We demonstrate a method for measuring the carbon isotope ratios of aromatic molecules without the need for chemical preparation. The technique employs a time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer equipped with a dual microchannel plate detector assembly. We present the measurement of carbon isotope ratios for m-xylene-d,, (C,D,(CD,),), toluene (C,H,CH,), and toluene-d, (C+CD,). Gas-phase samples are photoionized with the 266 nm output of a Nd:YAG laser, and the abundance of “C and C in the molecules is derived from the TOF spectra. Complications caused by and corrections for detector nonlinearity and parent ion fragmentation are discussed.
Teaching Presence in Online Education: From the Instructor's Point of View.

Most often the topic of creating any type of presence in online education is viewed from the student perspective (Oztok & Brett, 2011). This research examines the creation of teaching presence from the vantage point of the instructor. Over the course of three semesters, the researcher/instructor incorporated various techniques to create a greater sense of teaching presence in one of two simultaneous graduate assessment courses. Data was collected and analyzed from discussion board postings, emails, grades, and course evaluations in order to determine if efforts and tools used to enhance teaching presence were a worthwhile investment of the instructor’s time and energy. The results from this study indicate there is minimal evidence which demonstrates that creating a greater sense of teaching presence in the online classroom impacts student grades, student-instructor communication, instructor course evaluations or instructor satisfaction. Also, it was determined that teaching presence was not a required and/or needed part of this online learning environment. Instructors play a key role in the creation and facilitation of the learning process, but this research validates that it is more important for the instructor to be present rather than to create a sense of presence in online learning (Sheriden & Kelly, 2010).
"Winds of Change" a multi-media tool to aid teachers in teaching global climate

In an effort to help strengthen the nation's science, math and technology education and at the same time promote educational systemic change, all new space projects at the NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) now incorporate in their mission plans detailed educational outreach efforts. These outreach programs are done in partnership with the educational leadership of national, state and local agencies, organizations and class room teachers. The Winds of Change is the first educational resource developed under these conditions that provides a new type of educational tool. Winds of Change has been sponsored by the NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) mission as its first educational product and an example for other NASA or technical organizations who also wish to contribute to enhancing science education.
Multiple Q-Shell ODF Reconstruction in Q-Ball Imaging

Q-ball imaging (QBI) is a high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) technique which has been proven very successful in resolving multiple intravoxel fiber orientations in MR images. The standard computation of the orientation distribution function (ODF, the probability of diffusion in a given direction) from q-ball uses linear radial projection, neglecting the change in the volume element along the ray, thereby resulting in distributions different from the true ODFs. A new technique has been recently proposed that, by considering the solid angle factor, uses the mathematically correct definition of the ODF and results in a dimensionless and normalized ODF expression from a single q-shell. In this paper, we extend this technique in order to exploit HARDI data from multiple q-shells. We consider the more flexible multi-exponential model for the diffusion signal, and show how to efficiently compute the ODFs in constant solid angle. We describe our method and demonstrate its improved performance on both artificial and real HARDI data.
A high-precision VLSI winner-take-all circuit for self-organizing neural networks

The design and implementation of a high-precision VLSI winner-take-all (WTA) circuit that can be arranged to process 1024 inputs are presented. The cascade configuration can be used to significantly increase the competition resolution and maintain high-speed operation for a large-scale network. The total bias current increases in proportion to the number of circuit cells so that a nearly constant response time is achieved. A unique dynamic current steering method is used to ensure that only a single winner exits in the final output. Experimental results for a prototype chip fabricated in a 2- mu m CMOS technology show that a cell can be a winner if its input is larger than those of the other cells by 15 mV. The measured response time is around 50 ns at a 1-pF load capacitance. This analog winner-take-all circuit is a key module in the competitive layer of self-organizing neural networks. >
Preliminary results on the existence of continuous Lyapunov functions for semicontinuous, stochastic discrete-time systems

Necessary and sufficient stability conditions are given for the existence of a continuous Lyapunov function for a semicontinuous, stochastic discrete-time system. The continuity of the Lyapunov function is linked to robustness of the stability property, which reduces to classical stability plus convergence for deterministic systems. The nature of the Lyapunov results are inspired by Lyapunov results for deterministic (but set-valued) discrete-time semicontinuous difference inclusions.
College Student Persistence to Degree: The Burden of Debt.

Data collected from two major universities (one in the Midwest and one in the Southeast) in the United States were used to analyze student persistence behavior and perceptions of debt. Results from...
Dynamic linkage relationships to the mating‐type locus in automictic fungi of the genus Microbotryum

Regions of the chromosomes determining mating compatibility in some fungi, including Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae and Neurospora tetrasperma, exhibit suppressed recombination similar to sex chromosomes in plants and animals, and recent studies have sought to apply basic theories of sex chromosome evolution to fungi. A phylogeny of the MTL1 locus in Microbotryum indicates that it has become part of the nonrecombining regions of the mating-type chromosomes in multiple independent events, and that recombination may have been subsequently restored in some cases. This illustrates that fungal mating-type chromosomes can exhibit linkage relationship that are quite dynamic, adding to the list of similarities to animal or plant sex chromosomes. However, fungi such as M. lychnidis-dioicae and N. tetrasperma exhibit an automictic mating system, for which an alternate theoretical framework exists to explain the evolution of linkage with the mating-type locus. This study encourages further comparative studies among fungi to evaluate the role of mating systems in determining the evolution of fungal mating-type chromosomes.
The learning curve for detection of non-polypoid (flat and depressed) colorectal neoplasms

We read with interest the two excellent studies on interval colorectal cancers (CRC) following colonoscopy and wish to present important data relevant to the prevention of interval CRC. In a pooled multicohort analysis, Robertson and coauthors found that invasive cancer was diagnosed in 0.6% of patients after clearing colonoscopy among eight large North American trials, and concluded that half of these were likely missed lesions.1 In a population-based study, le Clercq and coauthors reported that CRC found following colonoscopy were more likely to have non-polypoid morphology than prevalent cancers.2 We previously described that non-polypoid colorectal neoplasms (NP-CRN) harbour more advanced pathology than polypoid neoplasms.3 Indeed, due to their subtle appearance, NP-CRN may be a key contributor to interval CRC. The learning curve in their detection is largely unknown. Using available data, we summarised the learning curve (see figure 1) for the detection …
Fcγ receptor predictive genomic testing and the treatment of indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

In this month’s edition of Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma & Leukemia, Zhuang et al provide an insightful review on the affect that polymorphic variants in Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) play in predicting response outcome in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) who receive rituximab therapy.1 The paper nicely outlines the potential role and limitations of predictive genomics involving FcγR polymorphisms (Figure 1). Since the report by Cartron et al in 2002 showing that polymorphisms in FcγRIIIA-158 were associated with response to rituximab in patients with follicular NHL, a number of interesting queries have arisen on just how polymorphic FcγR testing could be used in the real-world practice of hematologists and oncologists.2 These queries have included:
The effect of test expectation, subject matter, and passage length on study tactics and retention

Abstract This experiment investigated the effects of length of passage, type of test readers were told to expect, and subject matter on three outcome variables: retention of information, reading speed, and highlighting patterns. College students read either a long or a short version of one of two passages then took a multiple‐choice test containing main point and detail questions. Reading speed and highlighting were affected substantially by passage length. There was also a subject matter by length effect on retention. The study provides evidence that much of the previous reading comprehension research may not permit conclusions about studying textbooks for classroom type tests. Implications for further research are also discussed.
Adolescent oxycodone self administration alters subsequent antinociceptive effect of oxycodone in C57BL/6J mice in adulthood

methods usedwere BBT (1/32 articles) and transvaginal ultrasound (1/32 articles). Conclusions: There is a lack of consistency in methodology used to determine menstrual phase. We recommend combining several methods to improve accuracy of phase identification, minimize costs and burden, and reduce selection bias and confounding. The adoption of these recommendations will yield a decrease in misclassification bias and facilitate cross-study comparisons. Financial support: P50-DA033942, P50-DA016511, P50DA033945, K24DA038240, and K12HD055887.
Marketing Models: Past, Present and Future

We all build models all the time. When we think about how a listener is likely to respond to what we say, we are using a “model” of that person’s response (which we update every time we run an “experiment”–that is, have a conversation). We link cells together in spreadsheets at the office; we draw maps to provide directions for others. Every good salesperson has a model of how a customer is likely to respond to different types of selling propositions. And every time we say, “I think that the best thing to do in that situation is X,” we have used some model-based approach to determine that X was likely to be a better action than Y in that particular situation.
Alcohol as Food/Calories

There has been a call for reduced alcohol consumption among Americans in recent years as many drink above the recommended moderate drinking guidelines. Specifically, national public health goals include reducing the proportion of persons engaging in heavy episodic drinking and excessive drinking, as well as reducing the overall annual alcohol consumption. American dietary guidelines assert alcohol-attributed calories should be limited as alcohol is grouped into the allotment of calories associated with non-nutrient-dense foods. Based on current consumption trends, alcohol will likely remain a significant contributor to the overall caloric intake and diet of persons in the USA. This paper outlines the ramifications of alcohol as food/calories and also discusses evidence which highlights behaviors that people engage to offset consumption of alcohol-related calories. Implications include a discussion on how alcohol influences metabolic processes, results in an imbalanced diet, and exhibits a potential to lead to both malnutrition and weight gain.
Person-centered educational practices in an urban alternative high school: the Black male perspective

This study used phenomenology/consensual qualitative research to investigate the experiences of six Black male students in an urban alternative high school that focused on person-centered and culturally relevant educational practices. Findings reveal the importance of student and staff relationships, the development of student self-awareness, and culturally sensitive pedagogy. Results add to the support of person-centered educational practices paired with culturally relevant curriculum in the education of impoverished Black male youth. Implications for counselors are discussed.
OP0116 Identification of N-Acetylglucosamine-6-Sulfatase and Filamin a as Novel Targets of Autoimmune T and B Cell Responses in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background Identification of autoantigens has been a great challenge in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To address this issue, we have developed a new method that combines discovery-based proteomics to identify HLA-DR-presented peptides in patients9 synovial tissue [1], joint fluid or peripheral blood (PB); and translational research to determine the immunogenicity of the identified peptides and their source proteins. With this approach, we recently identified endothelial cell growth factor as a target of T and B cell responses in Lyme arthritis (LA) [2] and annexin A2 as such a target in both LA and RA [3]. Objectives To identify novel disease-associated autoantigens which induce T and B cell responses in patients with RA. Methods HLA-DR-presented self-peptides were isolated and identified from RA patients9 tissue or fluids by tandem mass spectrometry, synthesized and tested for T cell autoreactivity with the matching patient9s peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Immunoreactive peptides or their source proteins were then tested for T cell autoreactivity by IFN-g ELISpot assay and for autoantibody responses by ELISA using cells and sera from our large cohort of RA patients and control subjects. All RA patients met the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria for RA. Results In the RA patient presented here, 1 of 89 HLA-DR-presented peptides identified from her synovial tissue and 1 of 15 HLA-DR-presented peptides identified from her PB induced her PBMC to secrete IFN-g. These reactive peptides were derived from the proteins N -acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase (GNS), a lysosomal enzyme, and from filamin A (FLNA), an actin-binding protein, respectively. We then found that 8 of 25 RA patients (32%) had T cell reactivity with GNS that was >3 SD above the mean value of 10 healthy controls (HC) (p=0.004), and 13 of the 25 patients (52%) had T cell reactivity to FLNA (p=0.002). In addition, 35% of 92 RA patients had elevated autoantibody responses to GNS that were >3 SD above the mean value of 50 HC (p Conclusions This approach is an effective way to identify novel autoantigens associated with autoimmune forms of arthritis. With this method, we identified two previously unrecognized autoantigens, each of which is a target of T and B cell responses in about 1/3 of patients with RA, but rarely in those with other types of arthritis. These findings suggest that testing for these newly recognized autoantibodies may have diagnostic utility in RA. References Seward RJ et al., Mol Cell Proteomics, 2011. Drouin EE et al., Arthritis Rheum, 2013. Pianta A et al., Arthritis Rheum, 2014 66:S437. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Influence of Surfactant Structure on Reverse Micelle Size and Charge for Nonpolar Electrophoretic Inks

Electrophoretic inks, which are suspensions of colorant particles that are controllably concentrated and dispersed by applied electric fields, are the leading commercial technology for high-quality reflective displays. Extending the state of the art for high-fidelity color in these displays requires improved understanding and control of the colloidal systems. In these inks, reverse micelles in nonpolar media play key roles in media and particle charging. Here we investigate the effect of surfactant structure on reverse micelle size and charging properties by synthesizing different surfactants with variations in polyamine polar head groups. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to determine the micelle core plus shell size and micelle hydrodynamic radius, respectively. The results from SAXS agreed with DLS and showed that increasing polyamines in the surfactant head increased the micelle size. The hydrodynamic radius was also calculated on the basis of transient c...
Promyelocytic blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia. A rare subtype associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation

Two patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) developed blast crisis that morphologically appeared to be the microgranular variant of acute promyelocytic leukemia. This represented 8% of CML patients developing blast crisis from 1984 to 1993. Cytogenetic studies revealed translocation 15;17 in addition to translocation 9;22 that had been documented at initial diagnosis. Both patients had evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation at the onset or during treatment of blast crisis, which was not documented in any other patients with CML blast crisis. One patient died of sepsis during intensive chemotherapy. The second returned to a chronic phase of the disease after therapy. Although rare, a promyelocytic blast crisis of CML can occur which, as in de novo acute promyelocytic leukemia, has a propensity to produce disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Interference of hemoglobin Hope on β-thalassemia: diagnosis by the capillary electrophoresis method.

To the Editor We read with interest the article by Panyasai and colleagues1 in which they identified spuriously increased levels of hemoglobin (Hb)A2 by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) in 11 patients heterozygous for Hb Hope. We have encountered the same type of false elevation in HbA2 any time there are 2 major peaks in adjoining zones, eg, S/D-Punjab, S/G-Philadelphia, A/Hope, A/Camden, and A/Athens-Georgia. The explanation for this is that in CZE, the baseline is integrated by the tangent method. In the electropherogram in the article by Panyasai et …
Design and Improvement of Ash and Slag Removal System from W-Flame Boiler

The design and commissioning process of the removal of ash and slag from W-flame boiler of a power plant 330 MW unit in Vietnam were introduced in this paper.The abnormalities existing in the design and operation of ash and slag removal system,such as cracker and overflow pump,were analyzed during the commissioning process.These resolution methods and suggestions which remove these questions were also proposed herein.
Analysis of Composite Insulator Operation and Fault Situation in 2006 for Jiangsu Power Grid

This paper firstly counts the general operation and fault situation of composite insulators in Jiangsu Power Grid,and introduces several typical fault cases of composite insulators happened in 2006.They are composite insulator breaking of 220 kV Jinwan line in Changzhou,composite insulator mechanical robustness declining of 220 kV Panwang I line in Nanjing,unknown reasons flashover of 220 kV Sanliu No.2 line in Nanjing,and composite insulator guano flashover of 220 kV Licha line in Changzhou.The reasons of the several faults are analyzed and the responding measures are put forward.
NON-CROWN AND BRIDGE STABILIZATION OF SEVERELY MOBILE, PERIODONTALLY INVOLVED TEETH A 25-YEAR PERSPECTIVE

It is the author's belief, after analyzing forces and stresses on the periodontium for more than 30 years, that stabilization of severely mobile teeth can retain teeth, if in health, almost indefinitely. Because these teeth are retained using restorative materials, recurrent caries is a problem that needs to be treated. Tooth loss resulting from caries can occur. In the author's 26 years of using extracoronal adhesive resins for splinting, the technology of adhesive bonding and restorative resins have been improved. Earlier shortcomings of the physical properties of these materials never dissuaded the author from recommending splinting. When the cases were presented to the patient and the referring dentist, the types of the current materials used to splint teeth were immaterial. Realizing that improvements in adhesives and resins would be developed, the near-hopeless teeth were retained. Because the elderly population is the fastest-growing segment of the population, caries control is more of a concern than it was 50 or more years ago. Because teeth are being retained longer in this cohort, and because caries has a greater potential to exist, supportive periodontal therapy and recalls and caries examination become more important.
A Perspective on the Benefits, Costs, and Risks of Immunization

Almost all vaccines currently recommended in the United States provide substantial net benefits to society, if used appropriately and effectively. We have not implemented some of our policies for vaccine use effectively, and are not reaping all the benefits. We need more information on the costs of administering vaccines.Benefit-risk and benefit-cost equations, seen from the perspective of individuals, may differ considerably from the equations seen from the perspective of society. Mandatory immunization makes individuals assume risks that might otherwise be avoided. Development of a fair compensation mechanism deserves the highest priority.
Gastroenteritis, systolic murmur in an adolescent.

(1982). Gastroenteritis, Systolic Murmur in an Adolescent. Hospital Practice: Vol. 17, No. 10, pp. 153-165.
Some Recent Applied Economic Models

Recent trends in applied economic models have emphasized among others the following issues, their mathematical formulation and econometric verification: (1) how to model a stochastically optimal behavior under a dynamic environment influenced by uncertainty? (2) how to model the formation of expectations by economic agents and incorporate it in verifiable economic models? and (3) how to model the disequilibrium behavior among economic agents?
Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia presenting with ipsilateral pleural effusion: a case report

Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia is a rare idiopathic interstitial lung disease. The nearly pathognomonic radiographic finding is the peripheral distribution of alveolar opacities. Pleural effusions are rarely seen. We report a case of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia with transudative eosinophilic pleural effusion. A 57-year-old Hispanic woman, a nonsmoker with a history of controlled asthma, presented to the hospital with unresolving pneumonia despite three rounds of antibiotics over a 2-month period. She was later diagnosed with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia based on the presence of peripheral blood eosinophilia, the peripheral distribution of alveolar infiltrates on chest radiograph, and a lung parenchymal biopsy with infiltrates of eosinophils. Upon presentation, our patient had a right-sided moderate-sized pleural effusion. The pleural fluid profile was consistent with a transudative effusion with eosinophil predominance. Our patient responded promptly to oral corticosteroid treatment in a few days. The pulmonary infiltrates and pleural effusion subsided on a 1-month follow-up chest radiograph after starting corticosteroid treatment. We report the first case of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia presenting with pneumonia with ipsilateral transudative eosinophilic pleural effusion. Like other cases of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, early recognition and diagnosis is essential and prompt treatment with corticosteroids is the mainstay of therapy. Pleural effusion resolved without the further need for therapeutic thoracentesis.
Four Freedoms, For All: American Information Agencies and the Effort to Publicize Nazi Crimes against Humanity

En juin 1942, le President Franklin Delano Roosevelt a cree le bureau de l’information de guerre dont la mission consistait a « rendre plus accessible et intelligible l’effort de guerre americain, les politiques gouvernementales, la progression des combats et les objectifs de guerre ». Les responsables du bureau de l’information de guerre ont cherche a differencier les visions humanistes democratiques et fascistes en contribuant a la diffusion d’histoires narrant l’intolerance raciale et religieuse des Nazis. Alors que les Nazis n’avaient de cesse de decrire les Juifs comme un peuple peu amene, les dirigeants du bureau n’hesitaient pas a diversifier les medias afin de demontrer la legitimite de defendre les Juifs comme etant partie integrante du plus large effort de guerre americain, une preuve s’il en est d’un œcumenisme grandissant des legislateurs americains qui allait s’instaurer apres-guerre.
Development of a novel simulation model for assessment of laparoscopic camera navigation

Laparoscopic camera navigation is vital to laparoscopic surgery, yet often falls to the most junior member of the surgical team who has limited laparoscopic operating experience. Previously published reports on simulation models fail to address qualitative scoring of movement, method of communication and correct physician location with respect to patient position. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a novel laparoscopic camera navigation simulation model that addresses these deficiencies. A novel, low-cost laparoscopic camera navigational maze was constructed from pliable foam for use in a standard laparoscopic surgery box trainer. Participants (n = 37) completed a camera navigation exercise by following a pre-recorded set of verbal instructions using correct anatomic terminology that is used in the operating room, to simulate an actual operating room experience of receiving verbal cues from senior surgeons. The sample group consisted of participants at various levels of Obstetrics and Gynecology training, representing novice to expert laparoscopists. Each trial was recorded with a multi-channel video camera. Performances were scored by a blinded evaluator for excess gross and fine camera movements as well as overt errors, including camera collisions and failure to follow directions. Our model demonstrated evidence of validity by discriminating performance by level of laparoscopic experience with a statistically significant decrease in number of movements and errors in experts compared to novices. A trend emerged toward improvement with each additional year of training, with reduced variability among performances in more experienced participants. This novel, low-cost box-trainer simulation model for laparoscopic camera navigation offers a mechanism for assessment of laparoscopic camera operation skills. Moreover, this model closely replicates operating room logistics and communication. Given the necessity for improved laparoscopic camera operation education, our model represents a unique, complementary tool to other laparoscopic simulation curricula.
Changes in allele frequencies of CSF3R and SETBP1 mutations and evidence of clonal evolution in a chronic neutrophilic leukemia patient treated with ruxolitinib.

In 2008, the World Health Organization (WHO) recognized the BCR-ABL1 negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) as a distinct entity based on the features of an increased white blood cell count (WBC) with a preponderance of neutrophils, no increase in blasts, no
Multispectral reflectance imaging and reflectance spectroscopy at the interface of cultural heritage research and undergraduate education: Investigating a golden age Dutch painting at the Huntington

The National Gallery of Art (NGA) has pioneered multispectral reflectance imaging systems that are powerful tools for the analysis of art works and that can be constructed for under $20,000. Obtaining a dozen or more different images of a painting in different wavelength regions from 400–1000 nm enables an image cube to be constructed which can then be interrogated with remote sensing software such as ENVI. Washington and Lee University (W&L) has been working with NGA to integrate this equipment into undergraduate research and education involving cultural heritage objects at numerous museums This paper highlights powerful results obtained analyzing a 17th century Dutch painting at The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens (The Huntington) in which several remote sensing imaging and spectroscopic techniques, along with computational manipulation of the signal data, have played a crucial role in the successful analysis.
Resolution of acyclovir-associated neurotoxicity with the aid of improved clearance estimates using a Bayesian approach: A case report and review of the literature.

SummaryWhat is known and objective Neurotoxicity is a side effect of acyclovir. We report the first case, to our knowledge, whereby Bayesian-informed clearance estimates supported a therapeutic intervention for acyclovir-associated neurotoxicity. Case summary A 62-year-old male with the diagnosis of disseminated zoster was being treated with intravenous (IV) acyclovir when he developed symptoms of acute neurotoxicity. Acyclovir had been dose-adjusted for renal dysfunction according to traditional creatinine clearance estimates; however, as the patient was also on vancomycin, Bayesian estimates of vancomycin clearances were performed, which revealed a 2-fold lower creatinine clearance. In response to the Bayesian estimates, acyclovir was discontinued, and improvements in mentation were noted within 24 hours. What is new and conclusion Alternate approaches to estimate renal function beyond Cockcroft-Gault, such as a Bayesian approach used in our patient, should be considered when population estimates are likely to be inaccurate and potentially dangerous to the patient.
Careers in Quality Improvement and Patient Safety

Since the early part of this century, quality improvement (QI) education has been introduced into the formal curriculum of physicians-in-training and into the maintenance of certification programs for practicing physicians. There is still great variability in the design of the QI education curriculum, but there is evidence that longitudinal training is most effective. Many options for continuing education exist ranging from online educational modules up to formal training programs leading to a master’s degree in health-care QI.
Sustainable Living: Unilever

The chapter analyses Unilever, a British-Dutch global consumer goods company whose Sustainable Living Plan includes three main goals: improving health and well-being, reducing environmental impact, and enhancing livelihoods. Unilever creates value for customers by supplying them with responsibly sourced products. It earns enough profit to be sustainable and supply the products that their consumers demand. It works every day to attain the goals that it has set for itself, in a sustainable living plan to grow as a company, while protecting the environment. CEO Paul Polman joined Unilever in 2009. He eliminated earnings guidance and quarterly reporting and does not want hedge funds as investors, thus changing the way business is done by Unilever. Polman redefined the role of CEO as statesman—someone who runs his or her business responsibly and successfully, with integrity. Because no company has ever made such sustainable commitments before, Unilever does not know for certain that they will meet their goals and succeed. The biggest challenge to committing to such a broad initiative is surviving the transition. Unilever is working to arrive at solutions to various problem areas, including safe drinking water, fighting viruses, better packaging, sustainable washing, storing renewable energy, and changing consumer behavior.
Adsorption of simple square-well fluids in slit nanopores: Modeling based on Generalized van der Waals partition function and Monte Carlo simulation

Abstract A model based on the Generalized van der Waals partition function is derived to predict the adsorption of square-well fluid in slit pores of any size, the walls of which also have square-well potential. The space inside the pore is divided into several regions based on the extent of the attractive regions generated by the walls. Closed-form expressions of the chemical potentials of the confined fluid in different regions in the pore are obtained. The densities of fluid in different regions are calculated by equalizing the chemical potentials of fluid in those regions to that of the bulk phase. To examine the accuracy of the model, the Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation is also conducted. We find that the model well captures the effects of the bulk conditions and the properties of adsorbate and pore on the density of adsorbate in the pore. The model is also shown to be able to predict the adsorption of real gases in various activated carbons.
Astrophysics: Magnetic fields in γ-ray bursts.

Observations of a high degree of polarization in the immediate optical afterglow of a γ-ray burst indicate that these powerful cosmic explosions carry large-scale, ordered magnetic fields. See Letter p.119 On 8 March 2012 NASA's Swift satellite identified the γ-ray burster GRB120308A, initially as a single pulse of γ-rays lasting about 100 seconds. The LaPalma-based Liverpool Telescope, responding automatically to the Swift discovery, identified the optical afterglow and was able to track the evolution of polarized light during the crucial early minutes of the outburst. Those results, presented here, provide the tightest constraints yet on the physics of the jets of material ejected in a γ-ray burst explosion.
Optimal management of radial artery grafts in CABG: Patient and target vessel selection and anti‐spasm therapy

The current literature on radial artery grafting is reviewed focusing on the optimal deployment of radial artery grafts in coronary artery bypass surgery with specific attention to the selection of patients and target vessels for radial artery grafting.
Observation of Nanosecond Hot Carrier Decay in Graphene

An extremely long decay time of hot carriers in graphene at room temperature was observed for the first time by monitoring the photoinduced thermionic emission using a highly sensitive time-of-flight angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy method. The emission persisted beyond 1 ns, two orders of magnitude longer than previously reported carrier decay. The long lifetime was attributed to the excitation of image potential states at very low laser fluencies.
Discrepant Events (Puzzling Phenomena)

Discrepant events or puzzling phenomena are student-specific but occur when students’ experience cognitive dissonance as their predictions of what should happen do not match the reality of what actually occurs. Thus, such events can be used as effective motivational tools to prompt students to want to know more about the subject in order to explain the event.
Extended Monotone Methods for Hyperbolic Problems in Three Variables

We consider Initial-Boundary value problems associated with nonlinear hyperbolic partial dierential equation in three independent variables, in a general setting wherein the forcing function is a sum of two monotonic functions. Employing natural lower-upper and coupled lower-upper solutions, we develop iterative schemes which converge uniformly and monotonically to the minimal-maximal and cou- pled minimal-maximal solutions of the problem.
A Bayesian Approach to Target Detection in Jamming

The classical statistical problem of estimating the mean of vector random variable of unknown covariance matrix is treated here using Bayesian methods. Other observations are availiable with identical covariance but zero mean. The a posteriori conditional distribution of the mean is given as a ratio of sums of single quadratures for arbitrary number of samples of n vector observations. Various post processing techniques for the sample covariance before the Bayes computation leads to important variance reduction when a priori conditions are present, and are equivalent to changes in the prior distribution. Important applications in signal processing lit this situation, in our case the problem concerns closely spaced jammer location.
Neural Network Activation Functions with Electro-Optic Absorption Modulators

Neural networks require both a weighting of inputs and a nonlinear activation function operating on their sum. Neural network weighting has been demonstrated in integrated photonics with both interferometric and ring-based wavelength division multiplexing. While direct nonlinearity in optics is difficult to achieve without high optical powers, an electro-optic nonlinearity can be created by directly coupling a photodiode to electro-optic modulator. The low capacitance of directly coupling the components results in operating speeds >10 GHz with relatively low power consumption. Here we present a closed form equation for the activation functions created by graphene and quantum well electro-optic absorption modulators capacitively coupled to photodiodes. Our modulator-geometry based and thermal-noise analysis shows that such electro-optic neurons produce SNRs around 60. Performing an MNIST classification inference test on a feed-forward neural network with these electrooptic nodes, with accuracies of about 95% starting a laser power level around 5mW and 20mW for the QW and Graphene-based modulator, respectively. Our findings show regions of realistic operating performance of future optical and photonic neural networks using electro-optic analogue (non-spiking)neurons.
The Pull of Home

One of the great pleasures of teaching field courses for students is the ability to travel and explore new habitats. Since my training lies in the aquatic realm, my field courses involve the exploration of the wide diversity of aquatic habitats. These can include the more familiar coral reefs, streams, and rivers but also bogs, fens, and marshes. Given their relative accessibility, most of these habitats are close to a shoreline and shallow in depth. The exploration of the open ocean or even some of the world’s large lakes is often difficult to perform for undergraduate or even graduate courses. It is not too much of a stretch to say that science knows more about the solar system than the ecology and biology of the deep ocean and large lakes.
Self-reported poor sleep on multiple dimensions is associated with higher total health care costs in older men.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To estimate the association of self-reported poor sleep in multiple dimensions with health care costs in older men. METHODS Participants were 1,413 men (mean [SD] age 76.5 [5.7] years) enrolled in both the Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older Men (MrOS Sleep) study and Medicare Fee-for-Service. Poor sleep was characterized at the baseline MrOS Sleep visit on five dimensions (satisfaction, daytime sleepiness, timing, latency, and duration). Health care costs and utilization were ascertained over 3 years of follow-up using Medicare Claims. RESULTS Median (interquartile range [IQR]) annualized total health care costs (2018 US dollars) rose from $3,616 (IQR 1,523-7,875) for those with no impaired sleep dimensions to $4,416 (IQR 1,854-11,343) for men with two impaired sleep dimensions and $5,819 (IQR 1,936-15,569) for those with at least three impaired sleep dimensions. After multivariable adjustment, the ratio of total health care costs (CR) was significantly higher for men with two (1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03- to 1.48) and men with at least three impaired sleep dimensions (1.78, 95% CI 1.42 to 2.23) vs. those with no impaired sleep dimensions. After excluding 101 men who died during the 3-year follow-up period, these associations were attenuated and not significant (CR 1.22, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.53 for men ≥3 impaired sleep dimensions vs. none). CONCLUSIONS Self-reported poor sleep on multiple dimensions is associated with higher subsequent total health care costs in older men, but this may be due to higher mortality and increased health care costs toward the end of life among those with poor sleep health.