cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Garden of Anguish: Gethsemane in Early Modern England

Few biblical episodes have generated more theological interpretation across the centuries than that of Jesus praying in the Garden of Gethsemane, where he appears fearfully to resist the divine will in the moments before the passion sequence is initiated. Scholars of the early modern period, however, have tended not to notice how central the scene became in the wake of Protestant and Catholic reformation developments, renewed calls for spiritual self-examination and the resurgent phenomenon of martyrdom. This article addresses this lacuna by arguing that, in the case of England, Jesus in Gethsemane not only held acute resonances across different confessions, but resulted in interpretations that perpetuated a new kind of subjectivity, and one that influenced modernity and its notions of the divided self in a state of faith and doubt.
Inequalities for the h-Vectors and Flag h-Vectors of Geometric Lattices

We prove that the order complex of a geometric lattice has a convex ear decomposition. As a consequence, if Δ(L) is the order complex of a rank (r + 1) geometric lattice L, then for all i ≤ r/2 the h-vector of Δ(L) satisfies hi-1 ≤ hi and hi ≤ hr-i. We also obtain several inequalities for the flag h-vector of Δ(L) by analyzing the weak Bruhat order of the symmetric group. As an application, we obtain a zonotopal cd-analogue of the Dowling---Wilson characterization of geometric lattices which minimize Whitney numbers of the second kind. In addition, we are able to give a combinatorial flag h-vector proof of hi-1 ≤ hi when i ≤ (2/7)(r + (5/2)).
Herbivory by leaf miners in response to experimental shading of a native crucifer

We tested the hypothesis that light intensity was the direct, proximal mechanism causing significantly higher vulnerability of Bittercress (Cardamine cordifolia A. Gray) clones in the sun to herbivory by a leaf-mining fly (Scaptomyza nigrita Wheeler). Clones in the sun were experimentally shaded. Plant performance and losses to leaf miners were compared to controls in the sun and natural willow shade. Leaf-mining damage was significantly higher on artificially-shaded plants (P<0.01), opposite of our expectation. Shading sun plants shifted their growth pattern toward that of naturally-shaded plants. No significant differences were detected in leaf water status or glucosinolate concentrations, eliminating water stress and variation in defensive posture for mediating the between habitat differences in levels of herbivory. Although soluble sugars varied significantly, they were higher in sun than either shade treatment. Total and free amino nitrogen concentrations were highest in the artificially-shaded plants and lowest in naturally-occurring sun plants. Adult flies were more abundant on sun and on artificially-shaded plants than on naturally-shaded plants. Thus, relative abundance of ovipositing flies in the sun-exposed area, combined with the higher nitrogen availability in artificially-shaded plants, form the most plausible hypothesis for factors mediating the experimentally documented pattern of herbivory.
Near-Wall Modeling for Vertical Wall Fires Using One-Dimensional Turbulence

This paper presents the simulation of an idealized vertical wall fire using one-dimensional turbulence (ODT) modeling. Near wall gas-phase molecular processes of conduction, gas-phase and shoot reactions, and radiative heat transfer are treated exactly while the effects of turbulent mixing processes are modeled using ODT triplet mapping stirring events that allow the effects of turbulence-chemistry-radiation interactions to be examined. Transport equations for species and temperature are solved using an operator splitting algorithm method that employs a Crank-Nicholson scheme for diffusion/conduction, and the LSODE library to integrate the numerically stiff chemical source terms. Radiative heat transfer is accounted by using a two-flux model. Results are presented for the evolution of turbulent wall fires, with and without the effects of turbulent mixing. The use of the ODT model is shown to capture a laminar to turbulent flow transition resulting in enhanced heat transfer to the wall.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Application of image analysis techniques to distinguish benign from malignant solitary pulmonary nodules imaged on CT

The purpose of this research is to characterize solitary pulmonary nodules as benign or malignant based on quantitative measures extracted from high resolution CT images. High resolution CT images of 17 patients with solitary pulmonary nodules and definitive diagnoses were obtained. The diagnoses of these 17 cases (11 benign and 6 malignant) were determined from either radiologic follow-up or pathological specimens. On the HRCT images, solitary nodules were identified using semiautomated contouring techniques. From the resulting contours, several quantitative measures are extracted related to the nodule's size, shape, density and texture. A stepwise discriminant analysis was performed to determine which combination of measures are best able to discriminate between the benign and malignant nodules. Using several selected features, a linear discriminant analysis was performed on the 17 cases. The preliminary discriminant analysis identified two different texture measures as the top features in discriminating between benign and malignant nodules. The linear discriminant analysis using these features correctly classified 16/17 cases (94.1%) of the training set. A less biased estimate, using jackknifed training and testing yielded 15/17 cases (88.2%) correctly classified. The preliminary results of this approach are very promising in characterizing solitary nodules using quantitative measures extracted from HRCT images.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Data mining for image/video processing: a promising research frontier

Image and video data contains abundant, rich information for data miners to explore. On one hand, the rich literature on image and video data analysis will naturally provide many advanced methods that may help mining other kinds of data. On the other hand, recent research on data mining will also provide some new, interesting methods that may benefit image and video data retrieval and analysis. In this talk we explore the latter, and discuss whether the new results obtained in data mining research could be useful in image and video data retrieval and analysis. Our discussion will be focused on the following aspects: (1) how frequent pattern, sequential pattern, and structural pattern analysis methods may help image and video data analysis; (2) how data mining may help construction of effective and efficient indexing and similarity search mechanisms for image and video retrieval; (3) how discriminative pattern-based classification methods may shed new light on image and video classification; and (4) how pattern-based analysis methods may help high-dimensional clustering in image and video analysis. Our goal is to promote collaborative research between these two research communities.
Can genetic data confirm or refute historical records? The island invasion of the small Indian mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus)

Many studies aimed at reconstructing the invasion history of a species rely, in part, on inferences based on patterns of genetic variation. These inferences warrant careful interpretation, however. In particular, given the time scale of most invasions, the typical demography of invasive species in their invaded range, and the available molecular tools, the underlying assumptions of population genetic models will often be violated. Given this fact, we examined the potential of population genetic data for reconstructing the history of serial introductions of the small Indian mongoose, Herpestes auropunctatus. We used simulations to test the power of existing microsatellite data for testing the credibility of historical introduction records. Although our results are generally consistent with most historical records for H. auropunctatus, the existing data have low power to reject alternative historical hypotheses. Simulations of a wide range of founder population sizes show broadly overlapping results, making rather different historical scenarios of introductions difficult to rule out with typical datasets. We advocate caution in the use of molecular population genetics to infer the history of invasive species, and we suggest extensive simulations as a tool to evaluate, in advance, this approach for addressing important research questions.
Protein-free small nuclear RNAs catalyze a two-step splicing reaction

Pre-mRNA splicing is a crucial step in eukaryotic gene expression and is carried out by a highly complex ribonucleoprotein assembly, the spliceosome. Many fundamental aspects of spliceosomal function, including the identity of catalytic domains, remain unknown. We show that a base-paired complex of U6 and U2 small nuclear RNAs, in the absence of the ≈200 other spliceosomal components, performs a two-step reaction with two short RNA oligonucleotides as substrates that results in the formation of a linear RNA product containing portions of both oligonucleotides. This reaction, which is chemically identical to splicing, is dependent on and occurs in proximity of sequences known to be critical for splicing in vivo. These results prove that the complex formed by U6 and U2 RNAs is a ribozyme and can potentially carry out RNA-based catalysis in the spliceosome.
Image bandwidth compression using nonparametric Fourier phase reconstruction

A new efficient computational technique for digital itiage bandwidth xxtLpression is presented. This technique is based upon an improved variation of the Gercbberg-Saxton--Papoulis (GSP) Fourier phase reconstruction algorithm. A digital image is converted into a ccitiplex 2D signal in the spatial dcxtiain by imposing a known randan phase angle. This step is then treated as a projection onth a closed convex set of 2D signals with the sait kncn phase angle. Using the theorns of projections, a functional j.iation is fornd which includes, together with the standard constraints of the knn phase angle in the Fourier dmain and the cotract image spatial support, a new orthogonal projection operator with its relaxation parameter. Thus formed, the new iterative algorithm produces exact image reconstruction in a snall number of iteration steps. The new algorithm is applied to a partially observed Fourier phase image to prcxluce the original image reconstruction of good quality. Fuftherixre, multiple oversampling of the Fourier phase in the frequency donain is substantially reduced. Several experimental results are presented.
Percutaneous coronary intervention with drug‐eluting stents in octogenarians: Characteristics, clinical presentation, and outcomes

Objectives: We aimed to compare clinical outcomes of octogenarians ≥80 years of age after coronary drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. Background: Although octogenarians constitute a fast-growing portion of cardiovascular patients, they are not adequately represented in current clinical revascularization trials. Methods: We analyzed the data of 3,166 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and DES implantation since March 2003. Periprocedural events, 1- and 6-month clinical outcomes were compared between octogenarians (n = 339) and patients 80 (P = 0.008), cardiogenic shock (P < 0.001), Q-wave MI at presentation (P = 0.003), and length of hospital stay (P = 0.003) to be independent predictors of mortality. Conclusions: PCI with DES in octogenarians results in a similar reduction of restenosis rates when compared to patients <80 years. Yet in octogenarians who presented with acute coronary syndrome, incidence of mortality and Q-wave MI at 6 months was higher as compared to younger patients. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Detection and classification of invasive saltcedar through high spatial resolution airborne hyperspectral imagery

We evaluated the performance of airborne HyperSpecTIR (HST) images for detecting and classifying the invasive riparian vegetation saltcedar along the Muddy River in Clark County, Nevada. HyperSpecTIR image reflectance spectra (227 bands, 450-2450 nm) were acquired for the following four vegetation covers: invasive saltcedar, native honey mesquite, grassland patches and crops. We compared five feature reduction approaches: band selection based on Jeffreys-Matusita distance, principal component analysis (PCA), minimum noise fraction (MNF), segmented principal component transform (SPCT) and segmented minimum noise fraction (SMNF). In addition, maximum likelihood (ML) and two spectral angle mapper (SAM) classifiers were applied to all extracted bands or features. Classification accuracies were compared among all classification approaches. Although the overall accuracy of maximal likelihood classifiers generally surpassed that of SAM classifiers, the highest overall accuracy was achieved by a SMNF-SAM combination with adjusted angular thresholds for classes. We concluded that high spectral and spatial resolution imagery can be used to detect and classify invasive saltcedar in this arid area.
Improving teacher questioning in science inquiry discussions through professional development

This study explores questioning practices adopted by elementary teachers while facilitating science inquiry discussions prior and subsequent to their participation in a summer institute in which they were provided with scholarly descriptions of inquiry-based teacher questioning (i.e., typologies of questions used by discourse analysts to categorize and understand teacher questioning) and conducted video-based discourse analysis. Teachers' questioning is examined in light of their social understandings (i.e., how teachers understand social aspects of oral questioning in inquiry-based science classrooms). The reported findings show that, as a result of developing an increased awareness of social aspects of teacher questioning during the institute, teachers' referential questions (oral queries aimed at encouraging students to articulate their own ideas, understandings, experiences and personal opinions) were twice as frequent after the institute as they were before, hence suggesting an increased degree of student-centeredness. Furthermore, their student-centered questions prompted longer and more articulated student responses, promoted higher-level student thinking, positioned students as complementary experts, prompted students to provide tentative responses, and encouraged students to conduct authentic investigations. Based on these findings, it is argued that educators who set out to prepare teachers to become effective questioners in the context of science inquiry discussions ought to go beyond cognitive issues and the simple provision of static and ill-defined labels such as “guide” and “active inquirer.” © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47: 422–453, 2010
Continuous Monitoring of Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Continuous measurement of mixed venous oxygen saturation (S O 2 ) has been suggested as an adjunct in monitoring critically ill patients. We evaluated S O 2 monitoring in 24 patients suffering from complicated myocardial infarctions. Cardiac output and arterial lactate levels were measured when there were persistent 5 percent changes in S O 2 and otherwise, every 12 hours or as indicated clinically. Increases in S O 2 by 5 and 10 percent corresponded with an increase in cardiac index in 78.5 percent and 75 percent of measurements, respectively. Decreases in S O 2 by 5 and 10 percent corresponded with decreases in cardiac index in 45.5 percent and 61 percent of measurements. Twenty percent changes in cardiac index showed dissimilar directional changes with S O 2 in 62 percent of cases. Arterial blood lactate levels correlated poorly with S O 2 . Survivors had significantly higher mean S O 2 , and cardiac indices than nonsurvivors (p O 2 , in reflecting tissue hypoxia. We conclude that continuous monitoring of S O 2 , may not be a sensitive measure of cardiac output after acute myocardial infarction.
Disparities in lung transplantation

In May 2005, the deceased-donor lung allocation system for adolescents and adults in the United States transitioned from one that prioritized candidates with the longest waiting times to one that now prioritizes candidates that have a high risk of death while awaiting transplantation and a high expected survival benefit from transplantation. Implementation of this latter system, termed the Lung Allocation Score (LAS) system, aimed to address a federal mandate to direct organs to those most in need and to minimize the effects of geography. The federal mandate and the LAS system did not specifically aim to address health care disparities based on sex or race. As hoped, implementation of the LAS system was associated with an increase in the number of lung transplants performed each year, a decreased waiting time, and a lower waiting list mortality rate, whereas survival after transplant has remained relatively unchanged compared with outcomes in the pre-LAS era. However, few studies have addressed whether these benefits have had equal distribution among sex, racial, and ethnic groups. Disparities refer to unnecessary, avoidable, unfair, and unjust inequalities that occur among demographically defined groups. Health disparities often adversely affect access to high-quality health care, burden of disease, and outcomes such as death. In the field of lung transplantation, health disparities may result from differential rates of placement on the waiting list, transplantation after waitlisting, and various health outcomes after transplant. In this issue of the Journal, Wille et al report the results from their study that examined associations among race and sex categories and outcomes that included rates of transplantation and death on the waiting list before and after implementation of the LAS donor lung allocation system. The study used United States Organ Procurement
Neuronal Mechanisms in Prefrontal Cortex Underlying Adaptive Choice Behavior

This chapter aims to address two questions relating to the role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in reward-guided choice behavior. First, do PFC neurons encode rewards per se, or are they encoding behavioral sequelae of reward? To address this, we recorded simultaneously from multiple PFC subregions, with the rationale that neuronal selectivity that directly encoded the reward outcome should occur before selectivity that reflected reward-related sequelae. Our results indicate that neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) encode reward information before neurons in the dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC). Furthermore, whereas DLPFC neurons encoded both the upcoming response as well as the expected reward, OFC neurons encoded the reward alone. Our interpretation of these results is that the OFC encodes the reward and passes this information to the DLPFC, which uses it to determine the behavioral response. The second question is whether the encoding is specific to the reward outcome or reflective of a more abstract value signal that could facilitate decision making. We examined this by determining whether the PFC encodes other types of information relevant to decision making, such as probability of success and effort. We found that many PFC neurons encoded at least one of these variables, but neurons in the OFC and the medial PFC (MPFC) encoded combinations of the variables indicative of encoding an abstract value signal. This signal could provide decision making with flexibility and a capacity to deal with novelty, which are two of the hallmark features of prefrontal function. Future research will focus on delineating the differential contributions of the OFC and the MPFC to decision making.
THE COLLATERAL CONSEQUENCES OF INCARCERATION REVISITED: A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS ON CAREGIVERS OF CHILDREN OF INCARCERATED PARENTS*

While policy makers have long extolled the benefits of incarceration, criminologists have expended considerable effort demonstrating the harmful collateral consequences of incarceration. Sampson (2011) recently challenged researchers to move beyond this dichotomy and to assess the “social ledger” of incarceration, where both the potential benefits and harms associated with incarceration are examined. To shed light on the variation in the collateral consequences of incarceration, we focus on the experiences of a valuable group of individuals directly impacted by imprisonment: those caring for children of incarcerated parents. Drawing from in-depth interviews with a diverse group of caregivers (N = 100), we examine the various consequences (both positive and negative) that occur in their lives as a result of incarceration, as well as the causal processes responsible for the outcomes we observe. Our findings reveal marked variation in the effects of incarceration on caregivers. Such effects are shaped by (1) the prisoner’s prior parental involvement, (2) the interpersonal relationship between caregiver and prisoner, and (3) the caregiver’s family support system. These findings
Quantitative Analysis of Pc 4 Localization in Mouse Lymphoma (LY-R) Cells via Double-label Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a novel cancer therapy that uses light-activated drugs (photosensitizers) to destroy tumor tissue. Reactive oxygen species produced during PDT are thought to cause the destruction of tumor tissue. However, the precise mechanism of PDT is not completely understood. To provide insight into the in vitro mechanisms of PDT, we studied the subcellular localization of the photosensitizer HOSiPcOSi(CH3)2-(CH2)3N(CH3)2 (Pc 4) in mouse lymphoma (LY-R) cells using double-label confocal fluorescence microscopy. This technique allowed us to observe the relative distributions of Pc 4 and an organelle-specific dye within the same cell via two, spectrally distinct, fluorescence images. To quantify the localization of Pc 4 within different organelles, linear correlation coefficients from the fluorescence data of Pc 4 and the organelle-specific dyes were calculated. Using this measurement, the subcellular spatial distributions of Pc 4 could be successfully monitored over an 18 h period. At early times (0-1 h) after introduction of Pc 4 to LY-R cells, the dye was found in the mitochondria, lysosomes and Golgi apparatus, as well as other cytoplasmic membranes, but not in the plasma membrane or the nucleus. Over the next 2 h, there was some loss of Pc 4 from the lysosomes as shown by the correlation coefficients. After an additional incubation period of 2 h Pc 4 slowly increased its accumulation in the lysosomes. The highest correlation coefficient (0.65) was for Pc 4 and BODIPY-FL C5 ceramide, which targets the Golgi apparatus, and also binds to other cytoplasmic membranes. The correlation coefficient was also high (0.60) for Pc 4 and a mitochondria-targeting dye (Mitotracker Green FM). Both of these correlation coefficients were higher than that for Pc 4 with the lysosome-targeting dye (Lysotracker Green DND-26). The results suggest that Pc 4 binds preferentially and strongly to mitochondria and Golgi complexes.
Production, Quality, and Low Temperature Incubation of Eggs of Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua and Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus in Captivity

Atlantic cod Gadus morhua and haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus broodstock maintained under altered regimens of temperature and photoperiod spawned up to 8 mo per year. The cod broodstock produced viable embryos from October through June. The haddock broodstock produced viable embryos from December through May. Egg diameters were largest during the middle of the spawning season when water temperature was at a minimum, resulting in an inverse relationship between egg diameter and water temperature in both species. Egg quality was high, as evaluated by buoyancy, fertilization rate, regularity of early cleavage, and percent viable hatch. Low temperature incubation of cod and haddock eggs extended the embryonic period. Cod embryos tolerated a wider range of temperatures than haddock. High mortality (1 90%) was observed before hatching in haddock embryos incubated at 1 C. Atlantic cod embryos hatched at temperatures as low as —1 C, extending the embryonic period to 59 d. At 8 C Atlantic cod and haddock embryos hatched in 11–12 d. To determine if extending the embryo incubation time by using low temperatures had a detrimental effect, embryos were incubated through hatch at either 1 C or 6 C, and the larvae from both groups reared at 6 C. Growth and early survival of larvae were comparable in both treatments.
Serotonin released from intestinal enterochromaffin cells mediates luminal non-cholecystokinin-stimulated pancreatic secretion in rats.

Abstract Background & Aims: Similar to cholecystokinin (CCK), non–CCK-dependent duodenal factors stimulate vagal mucosal afferent fibers to mediate pancreatic enzyme secretion via a common cholinergic pathway. We tested the hypothesis that 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) released from enterochromaffin (EC) cells plays an important role in the transduction of luminal information to the central nervous system via vagal afferent fibers to mediate pancreatic secretion. Methods: Pancreatic secretions were examined in conscious rats after intragastric administration of chopped rodent chow in the presence and absence of CCK or 5-HT 3 and 5-HT 2 antagonists. Pancreatic responses to intraduodenal administration of maltose, hyperosmolar NaCl, and light mucosal stroking were examined in rats pretreated with various pharmacological antagonists or after surgical or chemical ablation of vagal and 5-HT neural pathways. Results: Administration of L364,718 inhibited 54% of pancreatic protein secretion evoked by intragastric administration of rodent chow. L364,714 and ICS 205-930, a 5-HT 3 antagonist, combined produced a 94% inhibition. Vagal afferent rootlet section eliminated pancreatic secretions evoked by intraduodenal stimuli. p -Chlorophenylalanine, a 5-HT synthesis inhibitor, but not 5,7-hydroxytryptamine, a 5-HT neurotoxin, also eliminated the pancreatic response to these luminal stimuli. The 5-HT 3 antagonist markedly inhibited pancreatic secretion induced by maltose and hyperosmolar NaCl. 5-HT 2 and 5-HT 3 antagonists combined inhibited the pancreatic response to light stroking of the mucosa. Conclusions: Luminal factors such as osmolality, disaccharides, and mechanical stimulation stimulated pancreatic secretion via intestinal vagal mucosal afferent fibers. It is likely that 5-HT originating from intestinal EC cells activated 5-HT 3 and 5-HT 2 receptors on vagal afferent fibers to mediate luminal factor–stimulated pancreatic secretion. GASTROENTEROLOGY 2000;118:1197-1207
Methane Ice on Pluto and Triton

Methane (CH4), the simplest of organic compounds, is found in the form of a gas associated with many solar system objects. Methane as a gas in the atmospheres of the Jovian planets and satellites and as a liquid on some of their surfaces probably formed in a primordial chemical reaction between hydrogen and carbon, not as a result of biological processes. Of interest to planetary scientists is the predicted occurrence of solid, crystalline methane as an important mineral phase. So far, the solid phases on the icy surfaces of the cold planets and their satellites have been identified as water (H20) ice. Recently, astronomers from the University of Hawaii and from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory have discovered crystalline methane on the surfaces of the distant planet Triton, which is a large satellite of Neptune, and on Pluto. These are the only bodies within the solar system so far that may have observable methane ice, although others may have methane mixtures.
Dynamic speaker adaptation in the Harpy speech recognition system

The Harpy speech recognition system works optimally when it "knows" the speaker, i,e. when it has learned the speaker dependent characteristics (speaker dependent parameters) of the speaker. There are three methods of learning these parameters. One way is to generate them from a set of training data which covers all the allophones that occur in the task language. A second method is to use "speaker independent" parameters with a resulting reduction in accuracy performance. Since it is inconvenient for a "new" speaker to say a set of training data before using the system and the low accuracy with speaker independent parameters is unacceptable, a third method has been devised to allow the system to dynamically learn the speaker dependent parameters while using the system. The new speaker starts with a set of speaker independent parameters. These parameters are then altered after correct recognition (which can be forced if necessary) to match the spoken utterance.
Information-based branching schemes for binary linear mixed integer problems

Branching variable selection can greatly affect the effectiveness and efficiency of a branch-and-bound algorithm. Traditional approaches to branching variable selection rely on estimating the effect of the candidate variables on the objective function. We propose an approach which is empowered by exploiting the information contained in a family of fathomed subproblems, collected beforehand from an incomplete branch-and-bound tree. In particular, we use this information to define new branching rules that reduce the risk of incurring inappropriate branchings. We provide computational results that demonstrate the effectiveness of the new branching rules on various benchmark instances.
Incidence of leukocytoclastic vasculitis, 1996 to 2010: a population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota.

Objective To determine the population-based incidence of leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV).
Grounding, Explanation, and the Limit of Internality

Most authors on metaphysical grounding have taken full grounding to be an internal relation in the sense that it's necessary that if the grounds and the grounded both obtain, then the grounds ground the grounded. The negative part of this essay exploits empirical and provably nonparadoxical self-reference to prove conclusively that even immediate full grounding isn't an internal relation in this sense. The positive, second part of this essay uses the notion of a “completely satisfactory explanation” to shed light on the logic of ground in the presence of self-reference. This allows us to develop a satisfactory logic of ground and recover a sense in which grounding is still an internal relation.
An Interesting Fern Rust New to the United States

On May 21, 1927, several members of the Department of Botany of the Pennsylvania State College, while botanizing on a rocky hillside near Howard, Pennsylvania, found a wonderfully fine stand of the common polypody, Polypodium vulgare L. Literally hundreds of these ferns, in fact almost every one examined, had been attacked by a rust, which was fruiting in great abundance on the over-wintered fronds and in many instances producing very noticeable necrosis. A rust on Polypodium vulgare has been described by Bell,1 from Ontario, Canada, who noted its occurrence on "fronds of the previous summer," and named it Uredinopsis polypodophila. Bell also suggested the possible connection of this rust with a Peridermium on the 2-8-year-old leaves of Abies balsamea which he found in close association with the fern rust and to which he
Injurious and Beneficial Insects in Coffee Plantations of Costa Rica and Guatemala, 1964

The severe defoliation of coffee plants in the Central Plateau region of Costa Rica and the heavy outbreak of a leaf miner, Leucoptera coffeella (Guerin-Meneville), in coffee plantings in Guatemala were investigated in 1964. Insects that inhabit coffee plantings and the surrounding environment were identified. In Costa Rica the severe defoliation was caused by infestations of red spider mites, Oligonychus sp., and localized but severe outbreaks of L. coffeella . The citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso), had also damaged coffee plantings in certain areas. Since a drought prevailed and an active volcano was spewing ash, the degree of defoliation caused by insects, drought, or ash deposit could not be separated. Malathion sprays applied by helicopter reduced the infestations of mites and leaf miners but did not control the mealybugs; the sprays were often applied too late in the season for maximum efficiency. In Guatemala, the leaf miner had severely defoliated coffee grown at altitudes below 3000 feet. Although the insect was present in all plantations visited, it had not caused serious injury at the higher altitudes where parasites seemed more plentiful. Certain varieties of coffee appear to be resistant to injury. Other injurious insects identified on coffee included: the black thread scale, Ischnaspis longirostis (Signoret); Coccus sp.; and Saissetia sp. Parasites and predator species reared from larvae of L. coffeella in Guatemala included: Bucculatriplex sp., Calvolia sp., Closterocems sp., Entedontini sp., Zagrammosoma sp. and Thysanus sp. Parasitic species of insects collected in trays under coffee plants when insecticides were applied by helicopter included: Drino sp., Leschenaultia leucophrys (Wiedemann), Perisierola sp., Apanteles sp., Horismenus sp., Zagrammosoma sp., Eurytoma sp., Rieya sp., Platygaster sp., Trichacis sp., Ceratoteleia sp., Trissolcus sp., and 10 species of Formicidae. Other species of insects collected in Guatemala and Costa Rica are listed.
Moving: Patterns of Immigrant Settlement and Spatial Mobility

DRAFT – DO NOT DISTRIBUTE, QUOTE OR CITE WITHOUT THE AUTHORS’ PERMISSION. IMMIGRANT AMERICA: A PORTRAIT (4th edition, forthcoming) Alejandro Portes and Ruben G. Rumbaut Chapter 3 Moving: Patterns of Immigrant Settlement and Spatial Mobility
Musculocutaneous Flaps in Head and Neck Reconstruction

The development of the new myocutaneous flaps in recent years has ushered in an era of early reconstructions with one-stage repairs. The availability and reliability of these flaps make them appealing for use at a variety of sites.
Hemodynamic effects of controlled degrees of coronary artery stenosis in short-term and long-term studies in dogs

Coronary and aortic blood flow, aortic and distal coronary blood pressure were measured with electromagnetic flowmeters and pressure gauges in 15 anesthetized dogs with the chest left open. Increasing degrees of known, fixed, partial coronary artery obstruction were applied with concentric plastic cylinders 3 mm. in length and with varying internal diameters. Because these plastic cylinders are radiolucent and can also be permanently implanted, postoperative arteriograms were taken to evaluate the degree of stenosis produced. At necropsy the degree of obstruction was checked by ligating and removing the narrowed vessel and examining a histologic section of a stenosed portion. The reactive hyperemic response to a 20 second complete occlusion was recorded with amounts of obstruction varying from 10 to 90 per cent. The reactive hyperemia began to decrease with an average of 36 ± 10 per cent stenosis. A pressure gradient of 10 mm. Hg across the obstruction occurred with an average of 57 ±8 per cent stenosis. The reactive hyperemic response was abolished with an average of 75 ±6 per cent stenosis, and with greater degrees of stenosis the total flow began to decrease below control levels. The phasic coronary flow pattern was also altered with increasing amounts of fixed partial obstruction. As the per cent of stenosis was increased, the ratio of diastolic to systolic coronary flow decreased. When reactive hyperemia was abolished, very little diastolic-to-systolic variation remained.
The Evaluation and Management of Alternative Diagnoses in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (P5.091)

Objective: To characterize the evaluation and management of alternative diagnoses prior to diagnosis of ALS and their association with onset to diagnosis interval (ODI). Background: ALS is diagnosed by the presence of progressive upper and lower motor neuron signs in the absence of an alternative diagnosis. Few studies have characterized the evaluation and management of alternative diagnoses. Methods: Retrospective analysis of evaluation and management of alternative diagnoses in ALS, using multivariate regression modeling to determine factors associated with prolonged ODI. Results: 93 subjects were included (mean age of onset 59.1 years, SD 14.1, range 22-81; mean ODI 11.6 months, SD 9.0, range 2-60). Among bulbar onset subjects, the most frequently ordered diagnostic studies included EMG/NCV (100[percnt]), MRI Brain (100[percnt]), MRA Head and Neck (52[percnt]), MRI Cervical Spine (36[percnt]), myasthenia panel (36[percnt]), Lyme antibodies (16[percnt]) and paraneoplastic panel (16[percnt]). Among limb onset subjects, the most frequently ordered diagnostic tests included EMG/NCV (100[percnt]), MRI Cervical Spine (88[percnt]), MRI Brain (84[percnt]), MRI Lumbar Spine (53[percnt]) and MRI Thoracic Spine (40[percnt]), creatinine phosphokinase (26[percnt]), aldolase (22[percnt]), Lyme antibodies (18[percnt]), antinuclear antibodies (15[percnt]) and flow cytometry (15[percnt]). 35[percnt] (n=33) of subjects received treatment for 93 alternative diagnoses retrospectively attributed to ALS including stroke risk factor modification (n=11) intravenous steroids (n=8), intravenous immunoglobulin (n=6), antibiotics > 2 weeks (n=5), carpal tunnel release (n=5), lumbar (n=4) and cervical decompression (n=4). Multivariate analysis showed that mean ODI was significantly longer among those receiving lumbar decompression (aOR 2.0, 95[percnt] CI 1.6-2.7, p=0.02), intravenous immunoglobulin (aOR 1.7, 95[percnt] CI 1.3-1.9, p=0.04), intravenous steroids (aOR 1.5, 95[percnt] CI 1.1-1.6, p=0.01), cervical decompression (aOR 1.5, 95[percnt] CI 1.3-1.7, p=0.01) and carpal tunnel release (aOR 1.3, 95[percnt] CI 1.2-1.6, p=0.001). Conclusions: Treatment with intravenous steroids, immunoglobulin and surgical interventions prior to diagnosis of ALS is associated with a significantly prolonged mean ODI. Disclosure: Dr. Kannan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Glass has nothing to disclose.
Spatially biased dispersal of acorns by a scatter-hoarding corvid may accelerate passive restoration of oak habitat on California's largest island

Scatter hoarding by corvids (crows, jays, magpies, and nutcrackers) provides seed dispersal for many large-seeded plants, including oaks and pines. When hoarding seeds, corvids often choose nonrandom locations throughout the landscape, resulting in differential survival of seeds. In the context of habitat restoration, such disproportional storing of seeds in areas suitable for germination and establishment can accelerate expansion and recovery of large-seeded tree populations and their associated ecosystems. Here, we investigate the spatial preferences of island scrub jays Aphelocoma insularis during scatter hoarding of acorns ( Quercus spp.) on Santa Cruz Island. We use a large behavioral data set on the birds’ behavior in combination with seedling surveys and spatial analysis to determine whether 1) island scrub jays disproportionally cache seeds in specific habitat types, and 2) whether the preferred habitat type is suitable for oak regeneration. Our results show that the jays nonrandomly cache acorns across the landscape; they use chaparral and coastal sage scrub disproportionally while avoiding open and grassy areas. The areas used most often for caching were also the areas with the highest oak seedling densities. We discuss the potential role of these findings for the recovery of Santa Cruz Island’s oak habitat since the 1980s.
Soil bacterial community and functional shifts in response to altered snowpack in moist acidic tundra of northern Alaska

Abstract. Soil microbial communities play a central role in the cycling of carbon (C) in Arctic tundra ecosystems, which contain a large portion of the global C pool. Climate change predictions for Arctic regions include increased temperature and precipitation (i.e. more snow), resulting in increased winter soil insulation, increased soil temperature and moisture, and shifting plant community composition. We utilized an 18-year snow fence study site designed to examine the effects of increased winter precipitation on Arctic tundra soil bacterial communities within the context of expected ecosystem response to climate change. Soil was collected from three pre-established treatment zones representing varying degrees of snow accumulation, where deep snow ∼ 100 % and intermediate snow ∼ 50 % increased snowpack relative to the control, and low snow ∼ 25 % decreased snowpack relative to the control. Soil physical properties (temperature, moisture, active layer thaw depth) were measured, and samples were analysed for C concentration, nitrogen (N) concentration, and pH. Soil microbial community DNA was extracted and the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced to reveal phylogenetic community differences between samples and determine how soil bacterial communities might respond (structurally and functionally) to changes in winter precipitation and soil chemistry. We analysed relative abundance changes of the six most abundant phyla (ranging from 82 to 96 % of total detected phyla per sample) and found four (Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Chloroflexi) responded to deepened snow. All six phyla correlated with at least one of the soil chemical properties (% C, % N, C : N, pH); however, a single predictor was not identified, suggesting that each bacterial phylum responds differently to soil characteristics. Overall, bacterial community structure (beta diversity) was found to be associated with snow accumulation treatment and all soil chemical properties. Bacterial functional potential was inferred using ancestral state reconstruction to approximate functional gene abundance, revealing a decreased abundance of genes required for soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition in the organic layers of the deep snow accumulation zones. These results suggest that predicted climate change scenarios may result in altered soil bacterial community structure and function, and indicate a reduction in decomposition potential, alleviated temperature limitations on extracellular enzymatic efficiency, or both. The fate of stored C in Arctic soils ultimately depends on the balance between these mechanisms.
Generalized electrical conductivity relaxation approach to determine electrochemical kinetic properties for MIECs

Abstract Electrical conductivity relaxation (ECR) technique has been widely used to determine kinetic properties of mixed ionic and electronic conductors (MIECs). However, this technique is only applicable for reliable determination of kinetic parameters within a confined range of chemical Biot numbers. Since the kinetic properties of the materials are not known a priori, this imposes great difficulties on how to verify the obtained kinetic parameters from obtained ECR data. Further due to the ill-posed nature of ECR problem, the measurement noise could lead to significant uncertainties in the determined kinetic parameters. Herein a generalized ECR (g-ECR) approach is developed by coherently incorporating multiple ECR measurements simultaneously into an inverse algorithm. This new approach is able to improve the accuracy of calculated kinetic parameters and attenuate uncertainties induced by measurement noise over a wider range of chemical Biot numbers than the ECR approach with a single measurement. The capability of both reducing uncertainties and increasing the range of chemical Biot numbers for accurate parameter determination can be achieved by increasing the number of employed ECR measurement responses. A case study of ECR measurement for PrBa(Co 0.75 Fe 0.25 ) 2 O 5 + δ is performed in a mixture gas of N 2 /Air at 600 °C. The kinetic parameters are determined and evaluated using this g-ECR approach. The rationality of using g-ECR approach instead of ECR approach is verified.
Physiological Suppression of Lipotoxic Liver Damage by Complementary Actions of HDAC3 and SCAP/SREBP.

Liver fat accumulation precedes non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, an increasing cause of end-stage liver disease. Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) is required for hepatic triglyceride homeostasis, and sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) regulates the lipogenic response to feeding, but the crosstalk between these pathways is unknown. Here we show that inactivation of SREBP by hepatic deletion of SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) abrogates the increase in lipogenesis caused by loss of HDAC3, but fatty acid oxidation remains defective. This combination leads to accumulation of lipid intermediates and to an energy drain that collectively cause oxidative stress, inflammation, liver damage, and, ultimately, synthetic lethality. Remarkably, this phenotype is prevented by ectopic expression of nuclear SREBP1c, revealing a surprising benefit of de novo lipogenesis and triglyceride synthesis in preventing lipotoxicity. These results demonstrate that HDAC3 and SCAP control symbiotic pathways of liver lipid metabolism that are critical for suppression of lipotoxicity.
Use of Point-of-Care Ultrasound for the Diagnosis of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome.

Abstract Background Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) occurs when ovaries are overstimulated and enlarged due to fertility treatments resulting in a shift of serum from the intravascular space to the third space, mainly the abdominal cavity. It is the most serious complication of ovarian hyperstimulation for assisted reproduction. Case Report We present the case of a 40-year-old woman who presented with abdominal bloating and nausea 2 weeks after undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF); she was diagnosed by an outside radiology ultrasound as having a ruptured ovarian cyst. A point-of-care emergency ultrasound performed by the emergency physician made the diagnosis of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. This led to more expedient management and obstetrical consultation. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Abdominal bloating and nausea are common presenting complaints in pregnant women. OHSS is a rare but potentially fatal complication of IVF. Recognition and early diagnosis by the emergency physician can lead to appropriate intervention and consultation.