cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transdisciplinarity and the food energy and water nexus: Ecological modernization and supply chain sustainability perspectives

Abstract Successful Food-energy-water (FEW) nexus projects will be more likely to succeed if a transdisciplinary approach is used. Ecological modernization (ecological technology) policies and practices, and sustainable supply chains influence the FEW nexus from a commerce and industry perspective. Taking these perspectives and considering their intertwined linkages is important for advancing research and adoption of FEW nexus efforts. This paper provides an overview of these perspectives and interlinkages. A biosolids case study is used to exemplify the complexities and interactions of these four thematic perspectives: the FEW nexus, transdisciplinarity, ecological modernization, and sustainable supply chains. An integrative multi-level analysis scheme is used to analyze interrelationships. This analysis and the case study help to identify a series of research opportunities to further this nascent field. Research opportunities include methodological developments, attitudinal and social concerns, performance indicator systems, and meta-social evolutions in technology and policy.
Why Gus McCray Don't Rent Pigs: An Examination of Latin in LONESOME DOVE

In Larry McMurtry's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, Lonesome Dove, Augustus McCray added the phrase “Uva uvam vivendo varia fit” (91) to the Hat Creek Cattle Company sign because he believed that it ...
Influence of engineering instructors' teaching and learning beliefs on pedagogies in engineering science courses

This study explored how academics’ beliefs about teaching and learning influenced their teaching in engineering science coursestypically taught in the second or third year of 4-year engineering undergraduate degrees. Data were collected via a national surveyof 166 U.S. statics instructors and interviews at two different institutions with 17 instructors of engineering science courses such asthermodynamics, circuits and statics. The study identified a number of common beliefs about how to best support student learningof these topics; each is discussed in relation to the literature about student development and learning. Specific recommendations aregiven for educational developers to encourage use of research-based instructional strategies in these courses.
Lossless Predictive Compression of Hyperspectral Images

We have presented a number of different predictive coding schemes for the compression of hyperspectral images. While the schemes differ in the details of their implementation their outline is essentially the same. Each algorithm tries to approximate the ideal case of stationary data for which optimal predictors can be computed. The approximations can be viewed as attempting to partition the data space into sets within which the stationarity assumption can be applied with some level of plausibility. The extent to which these algorithms function or fail depends upon the validity of their assumption. There is clearly much more work to be done before we can claim that the problem of predictive lossless compression has been solved.
Women Agents and Double-Agents: Theorizing Feminine Gaze in Video Games

This chapter provides a conceptualization of gazing practices during the playing of video games. Understanding gaze as a gendered performance influenced by intersecting facets of identity, the framework that I propose emphasizes gaze as a praxis that players can adopt, learn, and develop throughout their moments of play. As an example of this approach to gamic gazing, I specifically elaborate on feminine gaze to highlight the possible pleasures, desires, and experiences of playing video games from a feminine subject position, resisting or denying the conventions of male gaze. To demonstrate feminine gaze and the entangling layers of gaze at work during the playing of video games, this chapter features an analysis of Ada Wong’s chapter in Resident Evil 6.
Reassessing a Respiratory Therapy Consult Service After 20 Years

BACKGROUND: A respiratory therapy consult service (RTCS) may reduce misallocation of treatments. Misallocation consists of over-ordering (ie, therapy not indicated but ordered) or under-ordering (ie, therapy indicated but not ordered). The rate of agreement with RTCS-based orders is defined as the percentage of patients with no misallocation. This study was undertaken to compare current misallocation and agreement with historical benchmark rates at a hospital with an RTCS (ie, the Main Campus, or “on-MC”) and 2 hospitals that did not have an RTCS (ie, off-Main Campus, or “off-MC”). METHODS: After approval by the institutional review board, data were collected during normal rounds. A respiratory therapist (RT) determined if the patient had an order for RTCS, what their treatments were, and whether treatment indications were present. RTCS treatments included aerosol therapy, bronchopulmonary hygiene, re-inflation, supplemental oxygen, oxygen monitoring, and suctioning. Agreement and misallocation were compared with chi-square or z-tests with P RESULTS: The agreement rate for the RTCS on-MC was less than the benchmark rate established 20 years ago (63% vs 86%, P = .004), ascribed to misallocation of a single therapy, bronchopulmonary hygiene. The agreement rate with the RTCS on-MC was higher than that with off-MC RTCS (63% vs 33%, P CONCLUSIONS: While the overall rate of agreement was lower with the RTCS currently than in the past, the decline seems solely attributable to a decline in the appropriateness of orders for bronchopulmonary hygiene. In addition, the rate of agreement for non-RTCS-based orders on-MC (71%), where the RTCS has been available for over 20 years, was higher than agreement rate for non-RTCS-based therapies off-MC (20%), where the RTCS has not yet been available. These findings suggest continued efficacy of the RTCS with the need for ongoing vigilance to assure optimal RTCS performance.
Antioxidant Activities of Sorghum Kafirin Alcalase Hydrolysates and Membrane/Gel Filtrated Fractions

Sorghum has a significant amount of proteins, especially kafirin; however, limited information is available on evaluating its potential for peptide antioxidants. The objectives of this study were to: (1) investigate the effects of two key variables, enzyme-to-substrate ratio and reaction time on kafirin hydrolysis using Alcalase; (2) evaluate the antioxidant performances of the hydrolysates and fractions from membrane ultrafiltration and gel filtration; and (3) identify peptide sequences in the antioxidant fraction using MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. Kafirin hydrolysates prepared at enzyme-to-substrate ratio of 0.4 Au/g and 4 h had a good balance of antioxidant activity, yield, and economic efficiency. Medium-sized fraction of hydrolysates (5–10 kDa) from membrane filtration possessed the highest antioxidant activities among various fractions. The fraction also unveiled a good inhibition effect against lipid oxidation in emulsion and ground meat systems. Smaller-sized fraction (F3) collected through gel-filtration chromatography had significantly stronger antioxidant activities than other fractions, and 26 representative peptide sequences were identified in the fraction.
Miniature Sensor Irradiation Tests Under Steady-State and Transient Conditions at MIT Research Reactor (MITR) and Transient Reactor Test Facility (TREAT)

The Transient Reactor Test (TREAT) Facility at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) was officially restarted in 2017. In support of its restart project, investigations are taking place into the refurbis...
Trophy Hunting, the Race to the Bottom, and the Law of Jurisdiction

Cross-border trade, industry outsourcing, and animal migration are increasingly challenging states that want to take their commitment to protecting animals seriously. When multinationals threaten to outsource, even the most powerful states succumb to economic pressure and give corporations what they so avidly desire: laissez-faire. Some argue this is an inevitable consequence of globalization; others say it prompts us to question whether animal law is not better off being regulated by international law. This chapter takes a third path. Instead of proposing that nations seek agreement on low and mostly ineffective animal welfare standards, it posits extraterritorial jurisdiction as a promising avenue for animal law, and takes trophy hunting as its example to illustrate the many jurisdictional options for states to overcome regulatory gaps in animal law and make animal issues more visible on the international plane.
Radial access for neurointervention: room set-up and technique for diagnostic angiography.

A number of prospective randomized trials have shown that the radial artery is a safer access site than the femoral artery for endovascular procedures.1–4 In the cardiac literature there was a 60% reduction in access site complications as well as significant decreases in all-cause mortality with the transradial approach compared with the transfemoral approach, which has led to the adoption of a radial first strategy.5–7 The neurointerventional literature has demonstrated similar safety benefits as well as improved patient preference.8–14 However, the technical aspects of how to perform neurointervention via the radial approach are still unknown to the majority of neurointerventionalists. This technical video 1 covers the details of how to perform a diagnostic angiogram via the radial approach. Initially, steps such as pre-procedure preparation, room set-up, and patient positioning are discussed. Following this, puncture techniques and sheath placement are outlined, including the snuffbox technique. The steps of a full six-vessel cerebral angiogram are then shown in detail. Finally, closure techniques are demonstrated. The image in the opening frame and at 2:24 is reused with permission from Brunet et al, Distal transradial access in the anatomical snuffbox for diagnostic cerebral angiography. J Neurointerv Surg 2019;11:710–3. Copyright 2019 BMJ Publishing Group. The other image in the opening frame is reused with permission from Chen et al, Transradial approach for flow diversion treatment of cerebral aneurysms: a multicenter study. J Neurointerv Surg, 2019;11:796-800. Copyright 2019 BMJ Publishing Group. The images at 0:38 and 8:24 are reused with permission from Snelling et al, Transradial cerebral angiography: techniques and outcomes. J Neurointerv Surg 2018;10:874–81. Copyright 2018 BMJ Publishing Group.
Multi-Parameter Performance Modeling using Symbolic Regression

Performance modeling is becoming critically important due to the need for design-space exploration on emerging exascale architectures. Existing modeling and prediction approaches are either restricted by a limited number of parameters, or provide extreme tradeoffs between simulation performance and modeling accuracy that are not ideal for exascale simulations. At one extreme are low-level discrete-event simulators, which provide high accuracy, but are prohibitively slow for large-scale simulations. At the opposite extreme are abstract modeling approaches that are sufficiently fast, but tend to support a limited number of parameters, while also lacking accuracy due to machine-specific behaviors that deviate from anticipated models. In this paper, we improve upon existing abstract modeling approaches by leveraging symbolic regression to automatically discover an underlying multi-parameter model of the system and application that captures difficult-to-understand behaviors. For three High Performance Computing (HPC) applications running on Vulcan, we show that symbolic regression provided modeling accuracies that were $3.5 \times, 4.6 \times$, and $6.2 \times$ better than analytical models developed using linear regression.
Infrastructure resilience curves: Performance measures and summary metrics

Abstract Resilience curves are used to communicate quantitative and qualitative aspects of system behavior and resilience to stakeholders of critical infrastructure. Generally, these curves illustrate the evolution of system performance before, during, and after a disruption. As simple as these curves may appear, the literature contains underexplored nuance when defining “performance” and comparing curves with summary metrics. Through a critical review of 273 publications, this manuscript aims to define a common vocabulary for practitioners and researchers that will improve the use of resilience curves as a tool for assessing and designing resilient infrastructure. This vocabulary includes a taxonomy of resilience curve performance measures as well as a taxonomy of summary metrics. In addition, this review synthesizes a framework for examining assumptions of resilience analysis that are often implicit or unexamined in the practice and literature. From this vocabulary and framework comes recommendations including broader adoption of productivity measures; additional research on endogenous performance targets and thresholds; deliberate consideration of curve milestones when defining summary metrics; and cautionary fundamental flaws that may arise when condensing an ensemble of resilience curves into an “expected” trajectory.
Predicting neurosurgical clearance in the polytrauma patient with concomitant traumatic brain injury.

Abstract The goal of this study is to develop a model based on previously used prognostic predictors in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients with polytrauma, which will facilitate the decision-making of whether to clear these patients for non-cranial surgery. Data of eligible patients was obtained from a trauma database at a Level I trauma and academic tertiary referral center in the United States. The number of days seen by the neurosurgical service prior to clearance, injury severity score (ISS), post-trauma day 0 (PTD 0) of Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), intracranial pressure (ICP) score and computed tomography (CT) score, as well as the changes in GCS, ICP score and CT score between PTD 0 and day of clearance were the variables used in developing the model. The Neurosurgical Clearance Model (NCM) was developed using data from 50 patients included in the study. Patients were cleared by neurosurgeons 1.6 days later than it would appear possible based on a retrospective review of the patients’ clinical conditions. A single model equation was developed, the ultimate result of which is a clearance probability value. The best cutoff clearance probability value was found to be 0.584 (or 58.4%) using Receiver Operator Characteristic curve analysis. Our data suggests that neurosurgeons are risk-averse in clearing polytrauma patients for non-cranial surgery. This pilot NCM, if reproduced and validated by other groups and in larger prospective studies, may become a useful tool to assist clinicians in this often-difficult decision-making process.
Does Publicity in the Science Press Drive Citations? A Vindication of Peer Review

We study how publicity, in the form of highlighting in the science press, affects the citations of research papers. After a brief review of prior work, we analyze papers published in Physical Review Letters (PRL) that are highlighted across eight different platforms. Using multiple linear regression we identify how each platform contributes to citations. We also analyze how frequently the highlighted papers end up in the top 1% cited papers in their field. We find that the strongest predictors of medium-term citation impact—up to 7 years post-publication—are Viewpoints in Physics, followed byResearch Highlights in Nature, Editors’ Suggestions in PRL, and Research Highlights in Nature Physics. Our key conclusions are that (a) highlighting for importance identifies a citation advantage, which (b) is stratified according to the degree of vetting during peer review (internal and external to the journal). This implies that we can view highlighting platforms as predictors of citation accrual, with varying degrees of strength that mirror each platform’s vetting level.
Can we effectively manage parasites, prions, and pathogens in the global feed industry to achieve One Health?

Prions and certain endoparasites, bacteria, and viruses are internationally recognized as types of disease-causing biological agents that can be transmitted from contaminated feed to animals. Historically, foodborne biological hazards such as prions (transmissible spongiform encephalopathy), endoparasites (Trichinella spiralis, Toxoplasma gondii), and pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157, Clostridium spp., and Campylobacter spp.) were major food safety concerns from feeding uncooked or improperly heated animal-derived food waste and by-products. However, implementation of validated thermal processing conditions along with verifiable quality control procedures have been effective in enabling safe use of these feed materials in animal diets. More recently, global Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and African Swine Fever Virus epidemics, dependence on international feed ingredient supply chains, and the discovery that these viruses can survive in some feed ingredient matrices under environmental conditions of trans-oceanic shipments, has created an urgent need to develop and implement rigorous biosecurity protocols that prevent and control animal viruses in feed ingredients. Implementation of verifiable risk-based preventive controls, traceability systems from origin to destination, and effective mitigation procedures are essential to minimize these food security, safety, and sustainability threats. Creating a new biosafety and biosecurity framework will enable convergence of the diverging One Health components involving low environmental impact and functional feed ingredients that are perceived as having elevated biosafety risks when used in animal feeds. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Abstract LB245: TRIM29 mediates metastasis though hypoxia-regulated proteins in microsatellite-stable and p53-mutated colorectal cancers

In the USA, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer deaths in men and women. Two primary molecular subtypes of CRCs are those with microsatellite instability (MSI) and those that are microsatellite stable (MSS). MSI-CRCs have a dysfunction of the mismatch repair (MMR) genes and are less aggressive; MSS-CRCs have active mismatch repair genes, account for 85% of sporadic CRCs, and are more aggressive. CRCs with MSI have a favorable prognosis and are candidates for immunotherapy; those with MSS have a poor prognosis and are resistant to various therapies. Our previous gene expression profiling studies of CRCs showed an association of high expression of tripartite motif-containing 29 (TRIM29) with MSS and p53 mutations. TRIM29, also known as ataxia telangiectasia group D-complementing (ATDC) protein, binds to p53 and inhibits its function. Since point mutations of p53 occur in 50% of CRCs and are associated with the MSS phenotype and with aggressiveness of CRCs, we assessed TRIM29 expression in CRC cells exhibiting various microsatellite and p53 status. With RNA sequencing and qPCR validation, we found higher expression of TRIM29 in MSS and p53-mutated types of CRC cells (HT29 and SW480) as compared to cells exhibiting MSI and the p53 wild-type (HCT116, LOVO, RKO and LS174T) as well as cells with MSS and the p53 wild-type (T84). TRIM29 knockdown studies with HT29 and SW480 CRC cells showed that TRIM29 contributes to the aggressive progression of cells with MSS and p53 mutations. Preclinical studies with experimental animals demonstrated that MSS and p53-mutated CRC cells (HT29) with high expression of TRIM29 metastasized more extensively to liver and bone relative to cells with stably inhibited TRIM29. Further, gene expression profiling of stably inhibited TRIM29 cells showed downregulation of P4HA1, ALDOC, and hexokinase2, enzymes that are involved in the hypoxia pathway. In summary, the present studies show that overexpression of TRIM29 contributes to CRC proliferation, invasion, migration, tumor growth, and experimental metastasis. Thus, targeting of TRIM29 with small molecule inhibitors could be an effective strategy for treatment of CRCs with MSS and p53 mutations. This work was supported in part by an NIH grant (3U54CA118948) and by a grant from the ELKUS foundation. Citation Format: Sumit Agarwal, Michael Behring, Prachi Bajpai, Amr Elkohly, Hyung-Gyoon Kim, Darshan S. Chandrashekar, Nirzari Gupta, Sameer Al Diffalha, Sooryanarayana Varambally, Upender Manne. TRIM29 mediates metastasis though hypoxia-regulated proteins in microsatellite-stable and p53-mutated colorectal cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr LB245.
From MPI to OpenSHMEM: Porting LAMMPS

This work details the opportunities and challenges of porting a Petascale, MPI-based application --LAMMPS-- to OpenSHMEM. We investigate the major programming challenges stemming from the differences in communication semantics, address space organization, and synchronization operations between the two programming models. This work provides several approaches to solve those challenges for representative communication patterns in LAMMPS, e.g., by considering group synchronization, peer's buffer status tracking, and unpacked direct transfer of scattered data. The performance of LAMMPS is evaluated on the Titan HPC system at ORNL. The OpenSHMEM implementations are compared with MPI versions in terms of both strong and weak scaling. The results outline that OpenSHMEM provides a rich semantic to implement scalable scientific applications. In addition, the experiments demonstrate that OpenSHMEM can compete with, and often improve on, the optimized MPI implementation.
Islam in Britain 1558–1685: Eschatology and the Saracens

“The children of Isaac shall at last overcome them [the Arabs],” Nathaniel Homes, The Revelation Revealed (1654). From the early sixteenth century through the Counter-Reformation and until the end of the Thirty Years War, Protestant writers confronted the military and political power of Catholicism. Simultaneously, there also loomed before them the Ottoman danger as the armies and navies of Islam pushed through Central Europe and attacked Mediterranean outposts such as Malta, Cyprus and Rhodes. In this context of dual confrontation, English and Scottish writers turned to eschatology – a genre of religious discourse which examined contemporary and future events in the light of Christ's Second Coming as propounded chiefly in the books of Daniel and Revelation. Eschatology had been used in anti-Islamic polemic since the Middle Ages, but during the Reformation, it became widely prominent among both theologians and preachers. With its emphasis on the imminent return of Jesus, eschatology enabled communities within the Reformation movement to affirm their unique role in the fulfillment of God's design in history – when God would raise His elect to glory and destroy their enemies. Particularly in the exegesis of Martin Luther, the figure of the Turk became associated with the Papal enemy of God – both of whom were identified with the “Little horn” in the Book of Daniel and the “Beast” in Revelation. For Luther, the eschatological kingdom of Christ was to prevail after the destruction of the Catholic and the “Mahometan” adversaries.
Interactive Elicitation of Relation Semantics for the Semantic Web

This paper the workflow and architecture of the Relation Semantics Elicitation Prototype {RSEP}. RSEP has been developed to address the limitations of the Description Logic based constructs of the Web Ontology Language (OWL)
Effect of Panhard Rod Cab Suspensions on Heavy Truck Ride Measurements

This study provides an experimental account of the effect of panhard rod suspensions on heavy truck ride, as evaluated by the B-post vertical and fore-aft accelerations. After describing the test setup, the paper will describe the details of two rear cab suspensions that are commonly used in North American trucks. Cab suspensions with dampers or similar elements that are used to provide lateral forces at the rear of the cab (called baseline cab suspension for the purpose of this study) and those that use a lateral link with a torsion spring at one end-commonly called panhard rod-are the two classes of rear cab suspensions that are considered in this study. The tests are performed on a class 8 truck that is setup in the laboratory for the purpose of providing good test repeatability and conducting an accurate design of experiment. The test results, which are analyzed in frequency domain, are compared for the two cab suspensions. They indicate that the panhard rod suspension performs better than the baseline suspension when the cab is subjected to heave inputs. When subjected to roll, however, the panhard rod cab suspension can significantly increase the B-post vertical and fore-aft accelerations, mainly due to the coupling that it causes between the roll and the heave and pitch motions of the cab.
An Evaluation of a Hybrid Language Understanding Approach for Robust Selection of Tutoring Goals

In this paper, we explore the problem of selecting appropriate interventions for students based on an analysis of their interactions with a tutoring system. In the context of the WHY2 conceptual physics tutoring system, we describe CarmelTC, a hybrid symbolic/statistical approach for analysing conceptual physics explanations in order to determine which Knowledge Construction Dialogues (KCDs) students need for the purpose of encouraging them to include important points that are missing. We briefly describe our tutoring approach. We then present a model that demonstrates a general problem with selecting interventions based on an analysis of student performance in circumstances where there is uncertainty with the interpretation, such as with speech or text based natural language input, complex and error prone mathematical or other formal language input, graphical input (i.e., diagrams, etc.), or gestures. In particular, when student performance completeness is high, intervention selection accuracy is more sensitive to analysis accuracy, and increasingly so as performance completeness increases. In light of this model, we have evaluated our CarmelTC approach and have demonstrated that it performs favourably in comparison with the widely used LSA approach, a Naive Bayes approach, and finally a purely symbolic approach.
Abstract P142: Association of the Metabolic Syndrome With Pulse Wave Velocity: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC)

Introduction: Arterial stiffness is an indicator of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is associated with increased CVD risk. The determinants of arterial stiffness may be explained in part by a clustering of metabolic abnormalities (as defined by the metabolic syndrome). Our goal was to examine the association of central and peripheral arterial stiffness (as measured by carotid-femoral, brachial-ankle, and femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity) with the metabolic syndrome in older adults. We predicted higher arterial stiffness (i.e. higher pulse wave velocity measurements) in persons with compared to persons without the metabolic syndrome. Methods: We analyzed 3542 persons without diabetes at the ARIC Visit 5 examination in 2011-13 (61% female; 18% African American; median age 75 yrs). The metabolic syndrome was defined as ≥3 of the following: (1) abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥102 cm in males and ≥88 cm in females); (2) hypertriglyceridemia (≥150 mg/dL), (3) low HDL-cholesterol (<40 mg/dL...
PWM controllers for automotive applications

The pulse width modulation (PWM) circuit approaches used in such applications as switching mode voltage regulators, positional motor control, fuel injector drivers, ignition drivers, and ABS control are discussed, as are the process-performance tradeoffs. The power efficiency improvements and switching considerations which lead to reduced-temperature IC operation when PWM is used are demonstrated. Its application to resistive and inductive load and also to regulators in automotive applications is shown. Future trends for the use of PWM output techniques in cars are discussed, and methods to further improve the cost effectiveness of PWM devices by transferring some of the features found in the intelligent switch to the outstation controller are examined. >
Propagation of Light in Non-Inertial Reference Frames

It is shown that the complete description of the propagation of light in a gravitational field and in non-inertial reference frames in general requires an average coordinate and an average proper velocity of light. The need for an average coordinate velocity of light in non-inertial frames is demonstrated by considering the propagation of two vertical light rays in the Einstein elevator (in addition to the horizontal ray originally discussed by Einstein). As an average proper velocity of light is implicitly used in the Shapiro time delay (as shown in the Appendix) it is explicitly derived and it is shown that for a round trip of a light signal between two points in a gravitational field the Shapiro time delay not only depends on which point it is measured at, but in the case of a parallel gravitational field it is not always a delay effect. The propagation of light in rotating frames (the Sagnac effect) is also discussed and an expression for the coordinate velocity of light is derived. The use of this coordinate velocity naturally explains why an observer on a rotating disk finds that two light signals emitted from a point on the rim of the disk and propagating in opposite directions along the rim do not arrive simultaneously at the same point.
Prophecy in Hamath, Israel, and Mari

In many respects the inscription of Zakir, king of Luʻash and Hamath, is quite typical of the northwest Semitic documents of the ninth and eighth centuries B.C. Like most of his royal counterparts, Zakir first introduces himself, indicating the extent of his domain; in this connection he claims that Baʻal-Shamayn stood by him and made him king. He then proceeds to the immediate occasion for the inscription, telling of a coalition of north Syrian and Anatolian kings united against him by Bar-Hadad of Aram, and the subsequent siege laid against his city of Ḥazrak. After an account of Zakir's appeal to Baʻal-Shamayn and the god's encouraging reply, which will be the main concern of this essay, the stele undoubtedly reported the raising of the siege (on the missing lower portion of Side A), for on Side B we find the king boasting of his building operations, again in the style of his time. The inscription closes with the traditional curses upon anyone who dares to damage the stele.
Some common misconceptions in proposal writing and how to enhance your chances of funding

Some commonly made assumptions and misconceptions will be analyzed. These include requesting finds for problems already solved, assuming too much or too little on the part of the reviewers and requesting fi.mds not compatible with the track record of the PI. Proposal writing is ultimately selling of your ideas and suggestions will be made for enhancing the chances of successful proposals. Establishing track record, earning the respect of your peers and networking will be discussed as some of the strategies for success.
On the performance of some robust nonparametric location measures relative to a general notion of multivariate symmetry

Abstract Several robust nonparametric location estimators are examined with respect to several criteria, with emphasis on the criterion that they should agree with the point of symmetry in the case of a symmetric distribution. For this purpose, a broad version of multidimensional symmetry is introduced, namely “halfspace symmetry”, generalizing the well-known notions of “central” and “angular” symmetry. Characterizations of these symmetry notions are established, permitting their properties and interrelations to be illuminated. The particular location measures considered consist of several nonparametric notions of multidimensional median: The “L2” (or “spatial”), “Tukey/Donoho halfspace”, “projection”, and “Liu simplicial” medians, all of which are robust in the sense of nonzero breakdown point. It is established that the first three of these in general do identify the point of symmetry when it exists, whereas the latter, however, fails to do so in some circumstances. Combining this finding with consideration of other criteria such as affine equivariance, stochastic order preserving, and degree of robustness, we conclude that among these choices, the “halfspace” and “projection” medians, both of which are based on projection pursuit methodology, are the most attractive overall.
An Integrated Process Analytical Technology (PAT) Approach to Monitoring the Effect of Supercooling on Lyophilization Product and Process Parameters of Model Monoclonal Antibody Formulations

The aim of the present study was to apply an integrated process analytical technology (PAT) approach to control and monitor the effect of the degree of supercooling on critical process and product parameters of a lyophilization cycle. Two concentrations of a mAb formulation were used as models for lyophilization. ControLyo™ technology was applied to control the onset of ice nucleation, whereas tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) was utilized as a noninvasive tool for the inline monitoring of the water vapor concentration and vapor flow velocity in the spool during primary drying. The instantaneous measurements were then used to determine the effect of the degree of supercooling on critical process and product parameters. Controlled nucleation resulted in uniform nucleation at lower degrees of supercooling for both formulations, higher sublimation rates, lower mass transfer resistance, lower product temperatures at the sublimation interface, and shorter primary drying times compared with the conventional shelf−ramped freezing. Controlled nucleation also resulted in lyophilized cakes with more elegant and porous structure with no visible collapse or shrinkage, lower specific surface area, and shorter reconstitution times compared with the uncontrolled nucleation. Uncontrolled nucleation however resulted in lyophilized cakes with relatively lower residual moisture contents compared with controlled nucleation. TDLAS proved to be an efficient tool to determine the endpoint of primary drying. There was good agreement between data obtained from TDLAS−based measurements and SMART™ technology. ControLyo™ technology and TDLAS showed great potential as PAT tools to achieve enhanced process monitoring and control during lyophilization cycles. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 103:2042–2052, 2014
Spatio-temporal modulated polarimetry

Recently, a polarimetric data reduction technique has been developed that in the presence of a time varying signals and noise free measurement process can achieve an error free reconstruction provided that the signal was band limited. Error free reconstruction for such a signal is not possible using conventional data reduction methods. The new approach provides insight for processing arbitrary modulation schemes in space, time, and wavelength. Theory predicts that a polarimeter that employs a spatio-temporal modulation scheme may be able to use the high temporal resolution of a spatially modulated device combined with the high spatial resolution of a temporally modulated system to attain greater combined resolution capabilities than either modulation on scheme can produce alone. A polarimeter that contains both spatial and temporal modulation can be constructed (for example) by placing a rotating retarder in front of a micropolarizer array (microgrid). This study develops theory and analysis for the rotating retarder microgrid polarimeter to show how the available bandwidth for each channel is affected by additional dimensions of modulation and demonstrates a working polarimeter with a simulation of Stokes parameters that are band limited in both space and time with a noisy measurement process.
Application of facility location modeling constructs to vendor selection problems

Abstract The selection of vendors, and the determination of order quantities to be placed with those vendors are important decisions in distribution planning. To date, there have been few mathematical programming approaches to analyze such decisions. In this paper, we demonstrate that vendor selection problems may be formulated within the mathematical constructs of facility location modeling. As a consequence, it is expected that the extensive literature devoted to formulating and solving facility location problems may be utilized in formulating and solving specific vendor selection problems.
Income smoothing and underperformance in initial public offerings

Abstract This paper investigates how firms that made initial public offerings of equity between 1975 and 1984 report earnings. For a sample of 489 firms, we find a positive association between a proxy for income smoothing and firm performance. That is, firms that perform well tend to report earnings with less variability relative to cash from operations compared to other firms. In addition, the five-year earnings response coefficient is greater for firms that are able to smooth earnings relative to cash flows. This result is consistent with a hypothesis that the market makes better assessments of the information content of earnings for firms with smoother earnings. Finally, we show that IPO firms tend to use discretionary accruals to smooth income relative to the prior year's earnings.
Three-dimensional modeling of complex environments

Creating geometrically correct and complete 3D models of complex environments remains a difficult problem. Techniques for 3D digitizing and modeling have been rapidly advancing over the past few years although most focus on single objects or specific applications such as architecture and city mapping. The ability to capture details and the degree of automation vary widely from one approach to another. One can safely say that there is no single approach that works for all types of environment and at the same time is fully automated and satisfies the requirements of every application. In this paper we show that for complex environments, those composed of several objects with various characteristics, it is essential to combine data from different sensors and information from different sources. Our approach combines models created from multiple images, single images, and range sensor. It can also use known shapes, CAD, existing maps, survey data, and GPS. 3D points in the image-based models are generated by photogrammetric bundle adjustment with our without self-calibration depending on the image and point configuration. Both automatic and interactive procedures are used depending on the availability of reliable automated process. Producing high quality and accurate models, rather than full automation, is the goal. Case studies in diverse environments are used to demonstrate that all the aforementioned features are needed for environments with a significant amount of complexity.
Alcohol-Associated Illness and Injury and Ambulance Calls in a Midwestern College Town: A Four-Year Retrospective Analysis

AbstractBackground. Alcohol is often a factor in illness and injury among college-aged individuals. Ambulance services responding to 9-1-1 calls in college towns regularly encounter patients who have consumed alcohol to the point of intoxication and subsequently suffered an injury or experienced an illness necessitating prehospital emergency care. Objectives. The first objective was to review ambulance calls in a Midwestern college town in order to identify patterns or trends related to alcohol consumption. Another objective was to determine to what extent, if any, underage drinking was a factor in these calls. A final objective was to determine whether there were types of illness or injuries related to 9-1-1 calls that were involved with alcohol consumption among college-aged students. Methods. This was a retrospective study using secondary data of four years of ambulance calls that occurred in a specific geographic region of a college town. All patient care reports (PCRs) included alcohol consumption as...
Growth and elemental composition of tomato as affected by fungicides and nitrogen sources.

Abstract Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plant growth and elemental composition were evaluated using three NH4‐N:NO3‐N form ratios with or without the fungicide benomyl, captan, lime‐sulfur, nitrapyrin, or terrazole in a greenhouse soil culture study. Nitrogen was applied weekly for 5 weeks providing a total of 115 mg N/kg. Each fungicide was applied at 0.25 mg/kg 3 days before transplanting, followed by 3 weekly applications with each N treatment. The largest shoot and root dry weights were obtained with 1:1 N form ratio. With 1:1 N ratio treatment, all chemicals significantly increased plant growth resulting in lower element concentrations relative to the untreated control. However, growth of plants receiving either 1:0 or 0:1 N ratio treatment was not affected by nitrapyrin and terrazole, but was restricted by benomyl, captan, or lime‐sulfur. Overall, elemental concentrations in the tissues of plants receiving either N form was related to the fungicide treatment.
Vortex-Induced Response of a Flexible Cylinder in a Constant Current

A method for the theoretical prediction of the static and lift responses of a flexible cylinder in a unidirectional constant current. Our theoretical prediction is based on information derived from experimental results involving rigid cylinders forced to oscillate sinusoidally orthogonally to a uniform stream. Our approach allows the prediction of a number of, independently determined, monochromatic, and multimode dynamic solutions. For each such multimode solution our procedure allows the simultaneous evaluation of lift response frequency, amplitude and phase between modes.
A near-optimal multistage distributed algorithm for finding leaders in clustered chordal rings

Abstract A new multistage election algorithm for a clustered chordal ring is proposed in this paper. It is shown that the algorithm uses O ( G ( n ) n ) messages for a chordal ring with n processors and G ( n ) chords at each processor, where G ( n ) is a function increasing extremely slowly with n . In fact, G ( n ) ⩽ 5 for all “practical” values of n , i.e., for all n ⩽ 2 65536 . Hence, the algorithm is nearly optimal in terms of both messages and links.
Bilateral arteriosclerotic coronary arterial aneurysms successfully treated with saphenous vein bypass grafting

Abstract A man with ischemic heart disease was discovered to have bilateral coronary arterial aneurysms that were successfully treated with saphenous vein grafting. Preoperative coronary arteriograms revealed a tight luminal stenosis at the proximal end of the large aneurysm in the left anterior descending artery, suggesting poststenotic dilatation as an etiologic or contributing factor. The right coronary artery was totally occluded proximally, but was noted to be aneurysmal at operation. This is the 14th published case of nonfistulous coronary arterial aneurysm diagnosed in vivo, and the first associated with proximal luminal stenosis.
Left ventricular diastolic filling alterations in normotensive young adults with a family history of systemic hypertension

Abstract To characterize the cardiovascular consequences of a history of hypertension in first-degree relatives in normotensive young adults, 72 normotensive (diastolic blood pressure [BP]
An evaluation of the effect that the implementation of the NICE rules may have on a diagnostic imaging department for the early management of head injuries.

Abstract Introduction Guidelines by the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) for the early management of minor head injuries initiate the use of computed tomography (CT) for patients who may be at risk of developing intracranial haematoma. This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the effect the implementation of the NICE guidelines would have on the diagnostic imaging department of a local district general hospital. The main objective was to establish if there would be an increase in the number of CT head referrals for patients with minor head injuries. Secondly to assess how the implementation of these guidelines would affect the workload to the diagnostic imaging department in terms of cost and time, and to discuss the issue of radiation dose to patients. Method A sample of 100 patients who were referred from the Accident and Emergency department (A&E) for plain skull radiographs, over a 4-month period were selected. The clinical information on each of these patients' was then extracted and a data collection sheet was to assess each patient according to the NICE criteria. Results and conclusion The study found an 18% ( n =100) increase in the referral rate for CT heads for patients presenting with minor head injuries. It was also found that the use of these guidelines would mean a decrease in cost to the diagnostic imaging department of £324. Furthermore a saving of 10h of radiographers' time was established, although the effective radiation dose to patients would be increased by 29mSv. The NICE guidelines have proved efficient in identifying patients with intracranial damage although this coincides with an 18% ( n =100) increase in referral rates for CT and increased radiation dose to patients. However, the use of these guidelines would reduce workload to the diagnostic imaging department in terms of cost and time.
Preserved configural learning and spatial learning impairment in rats with hippocampal damage

This study was undertaken to compare the effect of hippocampal neurotoxic lesions in rats on two behavioral tasks, one a test of spatial learning, and the other an operant discrimination task that is acquired by forming nonspatial configural associations. Lesions of the hippocampus were made with microinjections of ibotenic acid. After postoperative recovery, rats were trained initially to locate a camouflaged escape platform in a water maze using distal spatial cues. Rats also were trained in the maze apparatus with a visible escape platform under conditions in which spatial information was made irrelevant to performance, i.e., cue learning. In an operant task, the same rats were then trained on a discrimination that included simultaneous feature positive and feature negative components (trial types XA+, A-, XB-, B+). After completion of this nonspatial configural learning task, rats received additional training in the water maze using a new platform location for spatial learning. To the extent that proficient performance in both the maze and operant tasks depends on a common function of the hippocampus, i.e., configural learning, the expectation was that hippocampal lesions would prove equally detrimental to performance in both tasks. Contrary to this expectation, lesioned rats were severely impaired in spatial learning but readily acquired the operant discrimination, even exhibiting some evidence of enhanced performance on this nonspatial configural learning task. Performance of the lesioned rats during cue training in the water maze was also enhanced relative to the control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)