cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of a neural basis for cold acclimation in Drosophila larvae

Summary Low temperatures can be fatal to insects, but many species have evolved the ability to cold acclimate, thereby increasing their cold tolerance. It has been previously shown that Drosophila melanogaster larvae perform cold-evoked behaviors under the control of noxious cold-sensing neurons (nociceptors), but it is unknown how the nervous system might participate in cold tolerance. Herein, we describe cold-nociceptive behavior among 11 drosophilid species; we find that the predominant cold-evoked larval response is a head-to-tail contraction behavior, which is likely inherited from a common ancestor, but is unlikely to be protective. We therefore tested the hypothesis that cold nociception functions to protect larvae by triggering cold acclimation. We found that Drosophila melanogaster Class III nociceptors are sensitized by and critical to cold acclimation and that cold acclimation can be optogenetically evoked, sans cold. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that cold nociception constitutes a peripheral neural basis for Drosophila larval cold acclimation.
Abstract 2129: Usp22 controls multiple signaling pathways in development and disease

Our research is focused on defining the functions of histone-modifying enzymes in normal cells so that we can understand how alterations in these activities contribute to tumor development or progression. The highly conserved SAGA complex plays important roles at multiple steps of gene transcription in yeast, flies, and mammalian cells. This modular complex houses two enzymatic activities, the GCN5 histone acetyltransferase, and the USP22 deubiquitinase. USP22 is overexpressed in highly aggressive, therapy-resistant cancers, but the normal functions of this deubiquitinase are not well defined. Our detailed analysis of the embryonic lethality observed in the Usp22-/- mouse model we generated highlighted a critical role for Usp22 in the developing placenta. We found that Usp22 deletion in mice results in embryonic lethality due to defects in the formation and organization of extra-embryonic placental tissues, culminating in failure to establish proper vascular interactions with the maternal circulatory system. These phenotypes arise from abnormal gene expression patterns that reflect defective kinase signaling, including TGFs and several receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) pathways. Interestingly, overexpression of USP22 in mice leads to an over branching phenotype of the mammary gland, which is linked to the deregulation of the signaling pathways described above. Our results provide insights to potential angiogenic functions of the SAGA complex, indicate that Usp22 is critical for the proper execution of multiple signaling pathways important for normal development, and provide new clues towards Usp22 contributions to cancer and other disease states. Citation Format: Evangelia Koutelou, Xianghong Kuang, Sharon Y. Dent. Usp22 controls multiple signaling pathways in development and disease [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2129.
Percutaneous Common Carotid Artery Access for Cardiac Interventions in Infants Does Not Acutely Change Cerebral Perfusion.

Pediatric cardiac interventions via percutaneous common carotid artery (CCA) access have been shown to be safe and effective. However, the impact of placement of a sheath in the carotid artery for interventions on cerebral perfusion is unknown. In this study we used cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to analyze the effects of percutaneous CCA access for cardiac interventions on cerebral perfusion. This study is a retrospective chart review carried out at a tertiary care center on all pediatric patients who underwent percutaneous cardiac catheterization via carotid artery access from January 2010 to January 2020. All patients who had ipsilateral NIRS recorded on the side of carotid artery access were included. Patients with only partial or no ipsilateral NIRS data were excluded. The primary outcome measure was the change in NIRS upon CCA access; the mean NIRS for 15 min before obtaining access was compared to the mean NIRS during the procedure and to the mean NIRS 15 min after removal of the CCA sheath. We hypothesized that there would be a significant drop in NIRS values on the side of CCA access. There were 48 catheterizations in the study period where percutaneous CCA was accessed. Of those, 21 catheterizations had complete data and were included in the study. 13 (62%) were of males. The median age was 23 days (IQR 7–79). The indications for CCA access were patent ductus arteriosus stent implantation (n = 13; 62%), aortic valvuloplasty (n = 5; 24%), balloon angioplasty of coarctation of aorta (n = 2; 10%), and renal artery angioplasty (n = 1; 4%). In 16 patients (72%), the left common carotid artery was accessed. The median weight of the patients was 3.3 kg (IQR 2.8–2.9). The most common sheath size used was 4F, in 16 patients (72%). The mean NIRS prior to the procedure was 67 ± 15%, during the procedure was 68 ± 20%, and after removal of sheath was 68 ± 21%. Paired t test of cerebral NIRS before, during, and after the procedure showed no significant change with CCA access (P = 0.08). No patient in the series had a documented neurologic deficit following the procedure. Percutaneous CCA access was not associated with a decrease in NIRS on the side of the access during the procedure, suggesting there was no significant acute change in cerebral perfusion with CCA access.
Historical Processes: Embodied/Embedded

This Chapter explores the ethical use of animals in the making of art, not only posthumously, but as absent referents. Many depictions of animals literally contain and align with—in totality or in part, the materiality at hand—the solid manifestations of bodily substances in and on the canvas. Canvases therefore are implanted with a deeper field of meaning; as animals are therefore absent/yet present, through the relevant bits of animal corpses that are physically obscured on a two-dimensional space. Two works by Spanish baroque artist Francisco de Zurbaran, and Dutch artist Balthasar van der Ast are examined in larger discussions on pigments, by mining sources in painterly processes and trading practices from leading theorists.
Local White Matter Geometry Indices from Diffusion Tensor Gradients

We introduce a framework for computing geometrical properties of white matter fibres directly from diffusion tensor fields. The key idea is to isolate the portion of the gradient of the tensor field corresponding to local variation in tensor orientation, and to project it onto a coordinate frame of tensor eigenvectors. The resulting eigenframe-centered representation makes it possible to define scalar geometrical measures that describe the underlying white matter fibres, directly from the diffusion tensor field and its gradient, without requiring prior tractography. We define two new scalar measures of (1) fibre dispersion and (2) fibre curving, and we demonstrate them on synthetic and in-vivo datasets. Finally, we illustrate their applicability in a group study on schizophrenia.
“Qué joto bonita!”: Transgender Negotiations of Sex and Ethnicity

SUMMARY Recent transgender literature has been sharply critical of existing medical models of the psychosexual development of transsexuals and of the treatment of Gender Identity Disorder. Transgender authors have pointed out that subjects have deliberately falsified their reports in order to conform to medical and psychiatric models for the sake of gaining access to services. In newer transsexual narratives, gender and sexual orientation development appear far more fluid and ambiguous over the life span. This paper reviews the nosological history of gender atypicality, from nineteenth century “sexual inversion” to transvestitism and transsexualism, examining how deviations of gender identity, gender role, sexual object, and sexual aim were often collapsed together. These imbrications continue to persist in both the medical and popular literature on transsexualism. A topic that has especially been neglected is the relationship of ethnicity to the development of gender and sexual identity. Presented is cas...
UBS and Auction Rate Securities (A)

UBS, a global financial services company, must decide whether to continue to support the market for Auction Rate Securities in the face of a growing financial crisis. These instruments, underwritten by UBS, were marketed to clients as highly liquid and safe alternatives to cash. UBS' decision becomes urgent when Citigroup, another leading underwriter of ARS, decides to let their auctions fail, leaving clients with illiquid assets of uncertain value. The case explores theoretical and practical aspects of liquidity risk, and challenges students to evaluate the benefits of honoring implicit commitments to customers against the costs of acquiring billions of dollars in illiquid assets. The (B) and (C) cases consider the implications of UBS decision.
Suppression of parasitic lasing in multi-pass Ti-sapphire amplifiers

Large aspect ratio (ratio of diameter to length) Ti- sapphire crystals, used in amplifiers of high-power lasers [1], suffer from amplified spontaneous emission and parasitic generation inside the crystal [2,3] that causes decay of population inversion and limits achievable gain. Parasitics can be suppressed by cladding the edge surface of a crystal [2,3], but only below certain transverse gain. And any way, it is difficult to use this method for high average power and/or cryogenically cooled laser systems [4] because cladding generally reduces thermal conductivity. In some cases, however, it is possible to avoid parasitics and reduce ASE by changing method of pumping and amplification in Ti-sapphire amplifiers. In the multi-pass amplifiers the high gain causing ASE and parasitics could be reduced by partial-extraction of the stored energy by the amplified pulse during pumping process.
Case fatality in infants and children with pertussis, 1942-1946.

Analysis of data on patients with pertussis during 1942-1946 obtained by means of a questionnaire from communicable disease hospitals and from health officers in a number of cities in the United States and Canada showed these results: Case fatality rates of patients admitted to hospitals for treatment have declined substantially in the period under review. This decline is general, both among infants under one year of age and among older children. In 1946, the case fatality rate of the infants hospitalized for the disease was 5.0% in those cities for which data for at least four years were available. This may be compared with the rate of 7.8% in 1942 and 11.1% in 1943. At ages one year and over, the rate was only 1.3% in 1946, as compared with 1.7% in 1942 and 3.7% in 1943. The rates in the hospitals with larger experiences were generally more favorable than in hospitals with smaller experiences. Despite the incomplete reporting of pertussis, which results in exaggerating the case fatality rate for the general population, the level of these rates in the community as a whole was lower than for hospitalized cases. This reflects the higher proportion of the severer cases in the hospitalized group. Indications are that in many places hospitalization is limited more and more to severe cases. Progress in the management of pertussis, especially of the severer cases admitted to hospitals, is believed to be the chief factor in the decline in case fatality of pertussis. A request contained in the questionnaire for an opinion on the severity of pertussis during the period studied elicited few replies, and these replies showed a division of opinion on the matter. It appears unlikely that there has been much of any change in the severity of the disease.
Efficient synthesis of probabilistic quantum circuits with fallback

A Probabilistic Quantum Circuit with Fallback (PQFs) is composed as a series of circuit stages that are selected to implement a target unitary. A final stage is conditioned on unsuccessful results of all the preceding stages as indicated by measurement of one or more ancillary qubits. This final stage executes a fallback circuit that enforces deterministic execution of the target unitary at a relatively high cost (mitigated by very low probability of the fallback). Specific instances of general PQF synthesis method and are disclosed with reference to the specific Clifford+T, Clifford+V and Clifford+π/12 bases. The resulting circuits have expected cost in logb(1/e(log(log(1/e)))+const wherein b is specific to each basis. The three specific instances of the synthesis have polynomial compilation time guarantees.
Biosynthesis and Utilization of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 by Lactic Cultures in Skim Milk

Abstract Fermentation of skim milk by Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus acidophilus increased the folate concentration by more than 200%. The increase was dependent on time of incubation with the maximums between 8 to 24h. However, L. bulgaricus reduced folic acid to negligible within a few hours. Vitamin B 12 content did not increase, regardless of culture. Our results and those of others suggest that contradictions of biosynthesis of folic acid and B 12 by lactic cultures may have been from several factors, such as species and strain of culture and incubation time. Precursors of folate–para-aminobenzoic acid and guanosine triphosphate – did not increase folate when added to the skim milk prior to fermentation by the lactic cultures.
A general optimality criterion for strength and stiffness of dual-material-property structures

An optimality criterion is established for combined strength and stiffness requirements per unit weight of structures utilizing materials which may have different strength, stiffness or density for the tension and compression members. In the extreme case this covers the use of different materials for tension and compression members; referred to here as dual-material structures. It is shown that additional considerations are required for statically determinate structures and proof of optimality is given for statically indeterminate and statically determinate cases. In all cases, the optimal structures are based on Michell structural layouts, in which the cross-sectional areas of the structural members are determined to give constant strain energy per unit mass. Material density may be replaced by material cost per unit volume to optimize combined strength and stiffness requirements for minimum material cost.
Functional Response of Lyctocoris campestris (F.) Adults: Effects of Predator Sex, Prey Species, and Experimental Habitat

Abstract The functional response of Lyctocoris campestris (F.) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) to Plodia interpunctella Hubner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) was determined. Each sex of the predator was evaluated in experimental arenas with and without shelled corn to determine the role of prey species and habitat in predation. Its rate of predation on a given prey species was measured by exposing a single predator to one of eight prey densities (2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, and 40) in a 118-ml glass arena over a 24-h period. Both sexes of the predator showed a typical Type II functional response, with the Holling disk equation as an acceptable model, for all three prey species in both corn and noncorn situations. Analysis of variance for the entire experiment indicated that prey density contributed significantly to predator response (P = 0.0001), and that females killed more prey than males, but this was marginally significant (P = 0.07). Both sexes showed a higher response when corn was absent and both showed differential responses to prey species. The relative response of females to prey was P. interpunctella >T. castaneum >O. surinamensis, whereas the response of males was P. interpunctella >O. surinamensis >T. castaneum. Instantaneous rate of prey discovery did not differ among treatments, indicating that search strategy was less important than handling time in predatory response.
Selective oxygen addition with sulfur removal: the reactions of 2-propanethiol on Rh( 111) -p(2 × l) -O

Abstract The unprecedented combination of sulfur removal and selective oxygen addition is observed in the formation of acetone from 2-propanethiol on Rh(111)-p(2 × 1)-O. The reaction is studied by temperature programmed reaction spectroscopy, and acetone is identified on the basis of the mass spectrometer intensity distribution. Propene elimination via C-S bond scission and selective β-hydrogen elimination also occurs. 2-propyl thiolate forms upon adsorption at ~ 100 K and the reaction is proposed to proceed via 2-propyl. β-hydrogen elimination from 2-propyl would yield propene, while oxygen addition would afford 2-propoxide which readily forms acetone. The competing combustion process proceeds via an undetermined pathway. These reactions offer insight into the control of selective C-H bond activation by oxygen on Rh (111) which has broad significance in oxidation chemistry.
Effect of heparin on serum free thyroxine linked to post-heparin lipolytic activity.

A possible association between free T4 (fT4) changes, occurring after heparin administration, and the post-heparin lipolytic activity, i.e., the release of lipases and the lipolysis of triglycerides to non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) was studied. In 19 patients heparin increased mean fT4 values obtained by equilibrium dialysis from 23.4 to 38.6 pmol/l (P less than 0.01) and mean fT4 values measured by GammaCoat two-step RIA from 17.0 to 24.1 pmol/l (P less than 0.01), the results of the two methods agreeing well (rs = 0.88). Concurrently, NEFAs increased from a mean of 0.55 to 2.20 mmol/l (P less than 0.01) and fT4 increases were significantly correlated with post-heparin NEFAs (rs = 0.69, P less than 0.001). In vitro addition of palmitic acid to sera increased fT4 concentrations to values similar to those observed in vivo. Post-heparin fT4 increases were also strongly correlated to the concentrations of triglycerides (rs = 0.63, P less than 0.01). Hypertriglyceridaemia was associated with pronounced fT4 increases after heparin administration, and normolipidaemia with moderate or no changes. These results suggest that the effect of heparin on fT4 is linked to the activation of lipases by heparin and is mediated by NEFAs, which, at high concentrations, compete with thyroxine for binding proteins.
Rhabdomyosarcoma: Report of a case with involvement of the angle of the mandible

The most common signs of a malignancy in the region of the head and neck are evidence of a mass or symptoms arising from it. In this report a patient is described with rhabdomyosarcoma of the mandible. An incidental x-ray taken some 3 months prior to the onset of clinical symptoms showed no evidence of bone involvement of the mandible. The onset of bone destruction of the angle and ascending ramus of the mandible as seen on a subsequent x-ray can be placed somewhere in this period of time.
Contemporary outcomes of ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a major teaching hospital.

mbulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy is an established practice in our institution, with an experience of more than 800 cases. The present study is conducted to evaluate the contemporary outcomes of day-case laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the setting of a major teaching hospital. A retrospective analysis of 200 patients who underwent ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomies was performed to evaluate the postoperative morbidity, unplanned admission, and readmission rates. Causes for unanticipated admission and readmission were analyzed. Uneventful recovery was attained in 185 (92.5%) patients. The mean length of the operation was 56 ± 20 (SD) minutes. There was no hospital mortality, and no patient required conversion to open cholecystectomy. Nine patients were admitted overnight after operation because of nausea and vomitingn = 3), pain (n = 2), urinary retention (n = 2), medical observation n = 1), and patient’s preference (n= 1), leading to an unanticipated admission rate of 4.5%. Six patients required readmission because of postoperative complicationsn = 4) and abdominal pain (n = 2), giving a readmission rate of 3%. The overall postoperative morbidity rate was 3% (n = 6), including retained stones n = 4), bile leakage (n = 1), and hepatic subcapsular hematoma (n = 1). Ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe practice in appropriately selected patients. Postoperative nausea and vomiting was the commonest reason for unanticipated admission after operation, and retained stones was the most frequent postoperative morbidity necessitating readmission.
Phenotypic and functional differences in NK and LAK cells in the peripheral blood of sooty mangabeys and rhesus macaques.

Abstract Greater than 75% of the sooty mangabey monkeys at the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center are naturally infected with SIV without any apparent clinical symptomology. On the other hand, experimental infection of rhesus macaques with SIV results in a clinical syndrome similar to human AIDS. These differences with regard to SIV infection prompted us to examine the natural immunosurveillance system of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from SIV-infected and uninfected monkeys of these two species. Phenotypic and functional studies of precursor and effector NK and LAK cells in the PBMC from these two species were carried out using monoclonal reagents, flow microfluorometry (FMF), and the standard in vitro , 51 Cr release assay against prototype K562 (NK sensitive) and RAJI (NK resistant, LAK susceptible) target cell lines. Data indicate that both NK and LAK cell activities in the PBMC of sooty mangabeys were significantly ( P − CD8 + in the PBMC of sooty mangabeys and Leu19 + CD8 − in the PBMC of rhesus macaques as determined by panning depletion techniques and FMF analysis. On the other hand, the predominant LAK effector cells were found to be dual marked Leu19 + CD8 + in rhesus macaques and Leu19 − CD8 + in sooty mangabeys. These qualitative and quantitative differences were not due to SIV infection of these two species since PBMC from both SIV-seropositive and virus-positive and SIV-seronegative and virus-negative monkeys gave similar results. Moreover, of importance is the finding that the functional NK and LAK precursor cells are CD8 + and CD8 − in sooty mangabeys and rhesus macaques, respectively. These data may have implications for the natural SIV/SMM virus-positive asymptomatic state of sooty mangabeys and may provide useful tools for tracing the ontogeny and lineage derivation of NK and LAK cells.
Global warming: A call for peace on climate and conflict

Researchers trying to work out whether global warming will cause more wars need to stop fighting and work together, urges Andrew R. Solow.
Severe Neck Pain with Fever: Is it Meningitis?

A 58-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with complaints of severe neck pain. He admitted to drug use but denied using intravenous (IV) drugs. On exam, he had a fever of 100.7°F, positive Kernig’s sign, and normal neurologic exam. The patient was suspected to have bacterial meningitis and was started on IV antibiotics. The next day the patient developed decreased hand grip. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine the next day showed a soft-tissue mass impinging on the spinal canal. The patient was subsequently taken to the operating room where the epidural abscess was drained.
Acoustic correlates of speaker sex identification: Implications for the transsexual voice

(1983). Acoustic correlates of speaker sex identification: Implications for the transsexual voice. The Journal of Sex Research: Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 293-295.
Calibration of Pyrometric Cones

Pyrometric cones produced by the Standard Pyrometric Cone Company (now known as The Edward Orton, Jr., Ceramic Foundation) were calibrated at the National Bureau of Standards in 1926. Cones available from the 1926 calibration were recalibrated, and new working standards were obtained by calibrating specimens of present production from the Orton Foundation. Heating rates of 150° and 60°C. per hour were used in determining the end points of a series of large cones, whereas a rate of 300°C. per hour was employed for the small cones through cone 12. The pyrometric cone equivalent (P.C.E.) series was calibrated and extended down to cone 12 .
Induction of MHC class II antigens on cells of the inner ear

Growing evidence supports the concept that immune reactions occur in the cochlea, where they can function either in protection or as a source of inflammation. Since immunity is generally initiated by antigen presentation of foreign substances to T cells, antigen-presenting cells expressing major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules are required. Under resting conditions, cochlear cells usually express no MHC class II. However, we show that exposure to -interferon in vitro induces an increase in MHC class II expression in neonatal cochlear cells of mice. In addition, MHC class II immunoreactivity was observed in the inner ear of adult mice after induction of sterile labyrinthitis in vivo. It is concluded that the induction of MHC class II molecules by inflammation may render cochlear cells competent to initiate and participate in immune reactions and may therefore contribute to both immunoprotective and immunopathological responses of the inner ear.
Optimal expansion of a hydrodesulfurization process

Abstract The problem solved is: Given deterministic sales forecasts and production requirements over a future time horizon, and a finite set of possible plant expansions to an existing process, when and how should the chemical plant be expanded in order to satisfy the production requirements and maximize the present worth of net profit? A branch and bound procedure combined with nonlinear programming was developed, and applied to a hydrodesulfurization plant to illustrate the technique, its advantages, and its limitations.
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 controls proliferation of NG2+ progenitor cells immediately after spinal cord injury

Abstract We have demonstrated that overcoming matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-mediated suppression of glial proliferation stimulates axonal regeneration in the peripheral nervous system. The regenerative capacity of the adult CNS in response to injury and demyelination depends on the ability of multipotent glial NG2+ progenitor cells to proliferate and mature, mainly into oligodendrocytes. Herein, we have established the important role of MMPs, specifically MMP-9, in regulation of NG2+ cell proliferation in injured spinal cord. Targeting transiently induced MMP-9 using acute MMP-9/2 inhibitor (SB-3CT) therapy for two days after T9-10 spinal cord dorsal hemisection produced a significant increase in mitosis (assessed by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation) of NG2+ cells but not GFAP + astrocytes and Iba-1+ microglia and/or macrophages. Acute MMP-9/2 blockade reduced the shedding of the NG2 proteoglycan and of the NR1 subunit of the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, whose decline is believed to accompany NG2+ cell maturation into OLs. Increase in post-mitotic oligodendrocytes during remyelination and improved myelin neuropathology in the hemisected spinal cord were accompanied by locomotion and somatosensory recovery after acute MMP-9/2 inhibition. Collectively, these data establish a novel role for MMPs in regulation of NG2+ cell proliferation in the damaged CNS, and a long-term benefit of acute MMP-9 block after SCI.
Stimulation of Renal Prostaglandins by Pressor Hormones in Man: Comparison of Prostaglandin E2 and Prostacyclin (6 Keto prostaglandin F1α)*

The effect of vasoconstrictive agonists and their nonpressor analogs on renal prostaglandin production was investigated in normal subjects maintained on constant diets. Arginine vasopressin (AVP), 10 U, desamino-d arginine vasopressin (dDAVP), 4 μg, angiotensin II (All), 5 ng/kg-min, des-Asp angiotensin II (AIII), 5 ng/kg-min, norepinephrine (NE), 0.1 μg/kgmin, and NE plus phenoxybenzamine (PHB), 0.8 mg/kg, were administered on separate days. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and the stable prostacyclin metabolite, 6 keto prostaglandin F1α were measured in 4-h urine collections by procedures with high resolution chromatography and RIA using highly specific antisera. AVP and dDAVP similarly reduced urine volume and increased urine osmolality. AII, AIII, NE, and NE + PHB did not alter basal urine volume, osmolality, creatinine, or electrolyte excretion. Blood pressure was similarly increased by All and NE infusions (23 ± 3 vs. 19 ± 2 (SE) mm Hg). AVP and All increased only PGE2 excretion (61 ± 8 to 151 ± 34 ng/4 h fo...
PREPARING SMALL AND FAMILY-OWNED BUSINESSES FOR WORKFORCE 2000 IN THE UNITED STATES

Workforce 2000 predicts fundamental changes in the demographics of the American workforce. Big business has responded by treating workforce diversity as a major issue. In the first study of small businesses in a major metropolitan community (Greater Cincinnati), the response has been minimal. There is a need for a significant educational effort to assist small businesses in America in preparing for Workforce 2000.
Colchicine blocks the action of parathyroid hormone but not nicotinamide on renal phosphate transport

Nicotinamide, like parathyroid hormone, is a rapidly acting specific inhibitor of Na+-dependent transport of phosphate (Pi) across the brush-border membrane of the proximal tubule of the mammalian kidney. Pretreatment of rats with colchicine (0.7 mg/kg body weight) for 1 h led to a significantly diminished phosphaturic response to parathyroid hormone (synthetic 1–34 fragment, 4 μ/kg). In contrast, the same dose of colchicine had no effect on the renal response to nicotinamide (1.0 g/kg), measured both as the change in urinary Pi excretion and as Na+-dependent Pi uptake by isolated brush-border membrane vesicles. These data suggest indirectly that the intracellular mechanism that mediates the inhibitory effects of nicotinamide on renal Pi transport does not require intact microtubules.
Mathematical Methods in Science

1. From the history of astronomy: measurement and successive approximation 2. From the history of statics 3. From the history of dynamics 4. Physical reasoning in mathematics 5. Differential equations and their use in science.
Proton capture by N15

Abstract The cross section for the reaction N15(p, γ0) at proton energies below 700 keV has been measured. The results fit well an analysis in terms of two interfering 1− resonances at 338 and 1010 keV (12.43 MeV and 13.09 MeV respectively in O16∗), with destructive interference in the energy region between the resonances. The N15(p, α0) cross section has been analysed using the same parameters, with constructive interference between the resonances, and a good fit to the experimental cross section is obtained. The values of S obtained by extrapolation to a proton energy of 25 keV (laboratory system) are 32 keV-barn and 7.2×104 keV-barn respectively for the N15(p, γ0) and N15(p, α0) reactions. The angular distributions of the N15(p, α0) reaction have been analysed. The presence of a 0+ resonance near 500-keV proton energy, and a 2+ resonance near 1000-keV proton energy, is indicated.
Unified Analysis of Medical Imaging System SNR Characteristics

The ideal observer signal-to-noise ratio has been derived from statistical decision theory for all of the major medical imaging modalities. This yields a context for image performance assessment and instrumentation design and optimization. Measurements on human observers show that they can come close to ideal performance, except when the noise has negative correlations as in images reconstructed from projections. In this latter case they suffer a small but significant penalty.
Driver monitoring for a human-centered driver assistance system

Driving is a very complex task which, at its core, involves the interaction between the driver and his/her environment. It is therefore extremely important to develop driver assistance systems that are centered around the driver from the ground up. In this paper, we explore one aspect of such a system. Specifically, we focus on monitoring the driver's face and facial regions. We demonstrate a real-world system for tracking face and facial regions and provide insight as to it importance and placement in human-centered driver assistance systems. Result demonstrating its impact on driver assistance systems as well as its performance in real-world driving scenarios are shown.
Role of Indirect Allorecognition in Allograft Rejection

It is now clear from animal studies that indirect allorecognition occurs during allograft rejection and that this pathway plays a role in mediating the rejection process. Whether this pathway is the dominant pathway responsible for chronic rejection remains to be established, but this is an intriguing hypothesis that may have major implications for development of novel therapies for this disorder. In addition, there are data to indicate that indirect allorecognition may play a role in maintenance of allograft acceptance, and that provision of appropriate MHC peptides via different routes can result in potent degrees of specific allo-tolerance. Expanded experimentation in animals and in humans is therefore in order; first, to dissect more closely the molecular basis of allorecognition and establish the role of the indirect pathway in acute versus chronic rejection, and second to utilize the immunomodulatory properties of MHC peptides or other novel strategies which targets indirect allorecognition in promoting graft acceptance.
Solar neutrinos and solar oscillations

For solar neutrino measurements to contribute directly to particle physics it is essential that we know the structure of the Sun. Only then can we be sure both of the conditions under which the neutrinos are produced and of the state of the material through which they must pass before arriving at the detectors on Earth. Solar oscillations play at least one, and possibly two important roles: firstly, as passive carriers of information about density and sound speed, they provide important diagnostic information which has been used to set quite stringent constraints on the structure of the Sun’s interior; secondly, as active participants in the dynamics of the solar core, it is not out of the question that they induce motion that influences substantially the rates of the various thermonuclear reactions that em it the neutrinos. The basic processes of seismic inference will be discussed briefly, followed by a summary of those inferences that have a bearing on neutrino production. Finally, some of the uncertainties in our understanding of the Sun’s interior will be aired, to restrain the temptation to accept too hastily the details of the simple hydrostatic classical models of the Sun.
Shape resonances in the absolute K -shell photodetachment of B

$K$-shell photodetachment of ${\mathrm{B}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ has been measured using the collinear photon-ion beamline at the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, as well as calculated using two separate $R$-matrix methods. The measurement of the absolute photodetachment cross section, as a function of photon energy, exhibits three near-threshold shape resonances due to the $^{3}S$, $^{3}P$, and $^{3}D$ final partial waves. A fit to the measured data using three resonance profiles shows good overall qualitative agreement with the three partial wave cross sections calculated using either $R$-matrix method. However, certain significant and unresolved quantitative discrepancies exist between the experimentally inferred and the calculated resonance profiles.
Idiopathic Infantile Arterial Calcification: A Possible Cause of Refractory Cardiopulmonary Failure in Infancy

Idiopathic Infantile Arterial Calcification is a rare autosome recessive disease characterized by extensive calcification of medium and large arteries. Loss-of-function mutations in ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 gene have been described in more than 80% of the cases. Although the diagnosis is usually made at autopsy, it is possible to identify cases based on clinical presentation, radiology findings, and molecular studies. Appropriate treatment can be initiated and has been shown to successfully induce permanent remission. We report a 4-week-old neonate who initially presented with respiratory distress, heart failure, and Coxsackie B viremia suggestive of viral induced cardiomyopathy. His symptoms progressed to multiple organ failure and he eventually expired at four weeks of age. On autopsy, diffuse calcium deposition within the internal elastic lamina of medium and large arteries was identified, as well as narrowing of lumen due to myointimal proliferation. This case report will emphasize the importance of taking this rare curable disease into consideration in all cases of infants with cardiopulmonary failure.
THE LEVEL AND STAGE OF ANESTHESIA: ITS INFLUENCE ON CARDIAC OUTPUT AND RELATED HEMODYNAMICS.

Abstract Cardiac output and related circulatory dynamics vary significantly with α-chloralose and urethan anesthesia. The changes in these measurements can be related both to the depth of anesthesia and also to the anesthesia time.
Topographic organization of Fos-like immunoreactivity in the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract evoked by gustatory stimulation with sucrose and quinine

Fos immunohistochemistry was used to elucidate the pattern of activation elicited by two qualitatively and hedonically distinct taste stimuli, sucrose and quinine, within the first-order gustatory relay, the rostral division of the nucleus of the solitary tract. Compared to unstimulated controls, both sucrose and quinine elicited significant increases in Fos-like immunoreactivity in the rostral central subnucleus, the region of the rostral solitary nucleus that receives the densest primary afferent input. Within the rostral central subnucleus, neurons that exhibited Fos-like immunoreactivity following quinine stimulation were concentrated medially, but neurons that exhibited Fos-like immunoreactivity following sucrose stimulation were distributed more evenly along the mediolateral axis. Despite their differential distribution, sucrose- and quinine-activated neurons also demonstrated notable intermingling. Further, the chemotopic arrangement was only partially consistent with what would be predicted if chemotopy was merely an outcome of orotopy. Our results suggest that a rough chemotopy characterizes the organization of taste responses in the nucleus of the solitary tract, and that the topographic pattern of taste afferent terminations in this nucleus is related to their chemosensitivity as well as to their peripheral spatial distribution.
Modification of DEWAR-PI to include ring strain

Previous work has shown that the heats of formation of unstrained conjugated molecules can be reproduced with surprising accuracy by a semiempirical SCF MO treatment (DEWAR-PI) based on the Pariser-Parr-Pople (PPP) π SCF MO approximation. The original version failed to allow for ring strain. This deficiency has now been remedied in a new version (DEWAR-PI2)
Genetic Variation for Dry Matter Yield, Forage Quality, and Seed Traits Among the Half-Sib Progeny of Nine Orchardgrass Germplasm Populations

A potential strategy to address the lack of success of North American orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) breeding programs to increase forage yield and other agronomic traits is the incorporation of novel sources of germplasm. In an attempt to identify novel orchardgrass germplasm sources with agronomic potential, the study described herein characterized 162 half-sib families (HSFs) from six orchardgrass germplasm populations and three orchardgrass cultivars. Study conditions were Millville, UT, and Rexburg, ID, field sites with data collection from 2008 to 2010. The genotype × location interaction variance differed from zero for dry matter yield, crude protein, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), neutral detergent fiber, and seed weight. Within location broad-sense heritability differed for all traits at both locations (0.36 ±0.10 to 0.77 ±0.03) except IVTD at Rexburg. For each trait there were HSFs that possessed values similar to or better than the included check cultivars (CCs). Additionally, in several instances the mean phenotype of the HSFs from a specific family was better than the phenotype of the corresponding parental population and/or the mean phenotype of the CCs. Overall, for each trait there existed sufficient genetic variation to develop an elite orchardgrass breeding program for irrigated conditions.
Effects of symbiotic status, flow speed, and prey type on prey capture by the facultatively symbiotic temperate coral Oculina arbuscula

Symbiotic temperate corals can supplement prey capture by the coelenterate host with autotrophic carbon production by endosymbiotic zooxanthellae. To test the relationship between heterotrophic consumption and photosynthetic energy, prey capture by symbiotic and aposymbiotic specimens of the temperate scleractinian coral Oculina arbuscula (Verrill) was measured in January–April 2001. Corals were tested in a laboratory flume at five flow speeds, using Artemia franciscana cysts and nauplii as prey. Per-polyp capture rate and feeding efficiency were independent of symbiotic condition. Capture rate increased with flow speed, while capture efficiency declined. The location of capture shifted from the upstream to downstream side of the coral as flow speed increased. Differences in capture rate, location, and feeding efficiency for cysts and live brine shrimp nauplii were likely due to prey size rather than swimming ability.
The effect of cations on the alkaline dissociation of tobacco mosaic virus.

Abstract Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) dissociated into free ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein when placed in 0.02 M Tris [tris (hydroxymethyl) amino methane] buffer, pH 9.0, containing bentonite, for 24 hr at 2°. Sodium, potassium, cesium, magnesium, and calcium cations protected against complete dissociation by stopping the stripping process at certain sites along the nucleic acid. These sites were the same for all the ions, but cation concentrations required for equivalent results varied from 10 −6 to 10 −3 M for divalent cations and from 10 −3 to 1.0 M for monovalent cations. Partially stripped virus (PSV) particles of several lengths were separated by sucrose density-gradient centrifugation and characterized by infectivity, UV light absorption, electron microscopy, and ribonuclease sensitivity. These tests confirmed that treatment of TMV with cations under alkaline conditions can result in the formation of several classes of PSV with intact, infectious nucleic acid.
Textile Enterprise Modeling

Textile companies are striving for an advantage using many different competitive strategies and are often employing more than one strategy at a time. To maximize the potential of incorporating new technologies that include process equipment and information systems, an increased level of understanding of the integrated enterprise is required. This paper reviews the current research efforts relating to enterprise modeling in the textile industry. Discussed are two generic enterprise reference architectures: the Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture and the Open Systems Architecture for CIM (CIMOSA). Areas for research in enterprise modeling in textiles are presented.
Design of all-optical networks by using a CAD tool

The optical switches in a WDM all-optical network establish light paths between sources and destinations of requirements without any intermediate electrical switching. Often, the all-optical network serves as the backbone of a lower-level (e.g., packet-switched) network. The design of the all-optical network is thus part of, and is closely related to, the design of the overall network. The part of the design problem that relates to the optical portion of the network is the determination of the type, size, and location of the switches; the physical topology interconnecting the switches, including the type and speed of the physical links; the physical path(s) that each requirement should take; and the assignment of requirements to light paths. We consider the solution of each of these problems and the interactions among them.
Effect of intravenously-administered putative and potential antagonists of ethanol on sleep time in ethanol-narcotized mice.

Abstract Groups of male CD-1 mice (n=12/group) were injected intraperitoneally (IP) with 5 g ethanol/kg of body weight. After loss of righting reflex, they were given vehicle or one of 2–3 doses of reputed or potential antagonists of ethanol intravenously (IV). Sleep time was measured from loss to return of righting reflex. Mean sleep time (MST) was increased significantly (P dl -amphetamine (24 mg/kg) and by 4-aminopyridine (1, 5 mg/kg). Significant (P dl -amphetamine (6, 12 mg/kg), a medium dose of aminophylline (50 mg/kg), or by any doses of naloxone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, propranolol, physostigmine, doxapram, or Ro 15-4513. When Ro 15-4513 was given IP 15 minutes before ethanol (n=6/group), onset and duration of narcosis were not altered. None of the compounds tested was an effective IV antidote for deep ethanol narcosis because of drug side effects, toxicity, prolongation of MST, or insufficient shortening of MST.
Is seeking a panacea for anorexia nervosa a fool's errand? Long-term outcomes of family-based treatment.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is ac omplex psychiatric disorder whose symptoms are at once sensible and ego-syntonic to the patient and bewildering and alien to the family. Despite considerable advances in the assessment and treatment of eating disorders over the past 3 decades, AN remains enigmatic and—particularly in adults—often resistant to treatment. The adult literature suggests that fewer than half of those with AN will achieve recovery; an additional one third will show improvement but remain symptomatic; and up to one fifth will remain chronically ill. Risk of
Comparative analysis of catalases: spectral evidence against heme-bound water for the solution enzymes.

Abstract A recent X-ray structural analysis of M. luteus catalase indicates heme-bound H2O trans to the proximal tyrosinate ligand, a finding in contrast to previous X-ray data reporting a 5-coordinate heme for bovine liver catalase. The presence of heme-bound H2O, requiring displacement prior to substrate-binding, is likely to be catalytically significant for catalases. We have used magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy, a highly accurate method for assignment of heme spin- and coordination-states, to study native, solution forms of bovine liver, M. luteus, and A. niger catalases. All three enzymes display similar spectral features with the weak (∼5 Δϵm [moles·cm·Tesla]−1 intensity typical of a 5-coordinate high-spin ferric heme. No evidence for H2O-ligation, inducing a 6-coordinate heme, occurred upon variation of pH or buffer composition. Therefore, we suggest that the catalytically significant structure of catalases has an unoccupied heme binding site trans to the proximal tyrosinate heme ligand.