cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neuronal acetylcholine receptors that bind α-bungarotoxin with high affinity function as ligand-gated ion channels

Abstract Neuronal membrane components that bind α-bungarotoxin with high affinity can increase intracellular levels of free calcium, demonstrating the components function as nicotinic receptors. Though such receptors often contain the α7 gene product, which by itself can produce ionotropic receptors in Xenopus oocytes, numerous attempts have failed to demonstrate an ion channel function for the native receptors on neurons. Using rapid application of agonist, we show here that the native receptors are ligand-gated ion channels which are cation selective, prefer nicotine over acetylcholine, and rapidly desensitize. Much of the calcium increase caused in neurons by the receptors under physiological conditions appears to result from their depolarizing the membrane sufficiently to trigger calcium influx through voltage-gated channels.
Subcellular Distribution of α-Tocopherol in Spinach & Lilac Leaf Tissue

It has long been known that a-tocopherol occurs in plant tissue. Since tocopherol in animal tissue has been found in mitochondria and chromanol structures have been proposed as intermediates in oxidative phosphorylation (6, 4) it was of interest to determine whether tocopherol is found in mitochondria and chloroplasts of plant cells. The occurrence of 'tocopherol in the organelles of plant cells would provide new systems in which to consider its functional significance. To establish the intracellular distribution of tocopherol in leaf tissue we have made an extensive study of the subcellular fractions of spinach leaf as well as a study of lilac leaf tissue. The results indicate that a-tocopherol is primarily localized within the chloroplast structure, but with an amount also in the mitochondria and in less dense structures or soluble material of the fraction not sedimented at 78,000 X g.
Rotary subluxation of the scaphoid: a spectrum of instability

Rotary subluxation of the scaphoid is not an “all or nothing” phenomenon, but a spectrum of instability including constant displacement of the scaphoid apparent on plain non-stress radiographs (the previously defined static type), subluxation seen only on loading X-rays or other special studies (“dynamic”), and instability demonstrable on physical examination but not by radiographic studies (“predynamic”). A clinical study of 1,000 random individuals was carried out to determine the incidence of unilateral hypermobility of the scaphoid. 21% of the subjects were found to have an abnormal difference in mobility between their scaphoids. The incidence of significant symptoms and physical findings associated with this hypermobility was determined.
Intrahepatic rupture of empyema gallbladder.

A 70-year-old woman presented with right upper quadrant pain and fever since 1 month, with exacerbation of symptoms since 1 week. Clinically, she had tenderness in the right hypochondrium; laboratory parameters showed elevated AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase values. Ultrasonogram abdomen showed a large abscess in liver with suspicious communication with gallbladder. CT scan of abdomen showed a large irregular thick-walled cystic lesion in segments 5 and 8 of liver suggestive of a liver abscess. This cavity communicated with a thick-walled edematous gallbladder, that contained few calculi (Fig. 1). A diagnosis of empyema gallbladder with intrahepatic rupture and abscess formation in the liver was made. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage of the abscess was done with a plan for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Perforation of the gallbladder is a rare complication that occurs in 2 % to 11 % of acute cholecystitis; delay in diagnoses is a major cause of morbidity and mortality [1]. Niemeier classified gallbladder perforations into 3 types: type I—acute, manifests with generalized peritonitis; type II—subacute, which denotes localization of fluid at the site of perforation with formation of a pericholecystic abscess; and type III—chronic, in which internal or external fistula occur [2]. Our patient had Type II perforation. CT scan is more sensitive than ultrasonogram for the diagnosis of perforation [2], Visualization of the perforation “hole sign”, the demonstration of communication between the abscess and the gallbladder and points towards the diagnosis [3]. References
Interaction between the Nucleotide Exchange Factor Mge1 and the Mitochondrial Hsp70 Ssc1

Function of Hsp70s such as DnaK of the Escherichia coli cytoplasm and Ssc1 of the mitochondrial matrix of Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires the nucleotide release factors, GrpE and Mge1, respectively. A loop, which protrudes from domain IA of the DnaK ATPase domain, is one of six sites of interaction revealed in the GrpE:DnaK co-crystal structure and has been implicated as a functionally important site in both DnaK and Ssc1. Alanine substitutions for the amino acids (Lys-108 and Arg-213 of Mge1) predicted to interact with the Hsp70 loop were analyzed. Mge1 having both substitutions was able to support growth in the absence of the essential wild-type protein. K108A/R213A Mge1 was able to stimulate nucleotide release from Ssc1 and function in refolding of denatured luciferase, albeit higher concentrations of mutant protein than wild-type protein were required. In vitro and in vivo assays using K108A/R213A Mge1 and Ssc1 indicated that the disruption of contact at this site destabilized the interaction between the two proteins. We propose that the direct interaction between the loop of Ssc1 and Mge1 is not required to effect nucleotide release but plays a role in stabilization of the Mge1-Ssc1 interaction. The robust growth of the K108A/R213A MGE1 mutant suggests that the interaction between Mge1 and Ssc1 is tighter than required for function in vivo.
Stoichiometric and Catalytic Arene Activations by Platinum Complexes Containing Bidentate Monoanionic Nitrogen-Based Ligands

New platinum complexes based on incorporation of the bidentate, monoanionic 2-(2‘-pyridyl)indolide (PyInd) ligand, or two closely related ligands, have been prepared. Reaction of the dimethyl complex K[(PyInd)PtMe2] (K[2a]) in benzene at 150 °C produces the diphenyl species K[(PyInd)PtPh2] (K[3a]), a transformation that appears to proceed via direct oxidative addition of benzene to the 16-electon Pt(II) center. Complex K[2a] also undergoes oxidative addition of Me3SiOTf (OTf = triflate) to give (PyInd)Pt(SiMe3)Me2 (4), a rare five-coordinate Pt(IV)-silyl species. Additionally, reactions that involve stereoselective formation of products of the type (PyInd)Pt(X)(L), including the structurally characterized complexes (PyInd)Pt(Ph)(MeCN) (6) and (PyInd)Pt(Cl)(C2H4) (7), have been observed. These results indicate that the sites trans to the pyridinyl and indolyl fragments of the PyInd ligand are electronically differentiated. Studies of catalytic reactions that presumably proceed via the 14-electron fragment ...
Reply to McIntyre and McKitrick: Proxy-based temperature reconstructions are robust

McIntyre and McKitrick (1) raise no valid issues regarding our paper. We specifically discussed divergence of “composite plus scale” (CPS) and “error-in-variables” (EIV) reconstructions before A.D. 1000 [ref. 2 and supporting information (SI) therein] and demonstrated (in the SI) that the EIV reconstruction is the more reliable where they diverge. The method of uncertainty estimation (use of calibration/validation residuals) is conventional (3, 4) and was described explicitly in ref. 2 (also in ref. 5), and Matlab code is available at www.meteo.psu.edu/∼mann/supplements/MultiproxyMeans07/code/codeveri/calc_error.m.
Validation of tacrolimus equation to predict troughs using genetic and clinical factors

Aim: Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressant used in transplantation. This article reports the validation of the authors’ recently developed genetics-based tacrolimus equation that predicts troughs. Methods: Validation was performed in an independent cohort of 795 kidney transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus. The performance of the equation to predict initial troughs was assessed by calculating the bias and precision of the equation. For all troughs in the first 6 months post-transplant, a comparison was made between the troughs predicted using the equation versus those predicted using a basic apparent clearance model with no covariates. Results: For initial troughs, the equation had a low bias (0.2 ng/ml) and high precision (1.8 ng/ml). For all troughs, the equation predicted troughs significantly better than the basic apparent clearance model. Conclusion: The tacrolimus equation had good bias and precision in predicting initial troughs and performed better than a basic apparent clearance model for all t...
Measuring the metric: A parametrized post-Friedmannian approach to the cosmic dark energy problem

We argue for a ``parametrized post-Friedmannian'' approach to linear cosmology, where the history of expansion and perturbation growth is measured without assuming that the Einstein field equations hold. As an illustration, a model-independent analysis of 92 type Ia supernovae demonstrates that the curve giving the expansion history has the wrong shape to be explained without some form of dark energy or modified gravity. We discuss how upcoming lensing, galaxy clustering, cosmic microwave background and $\mathrm{Ly}\ensuremath{\alpha}$ forest observations can be combined to pursue this program, and forecast the accuracy that the proposed SNAP satellite can attain.
Effect of Superoxide Dismutase Mimics on Radical Adduct Formation during the Reaction between Peroxynitrite and Thiols—An ESR-Spin Trapping Study

Abstract We have reexamined the formation and reactions of radicals formed from peroxynitrite (ONOO − )-mediated oxidation of glutathione (GSH), l -cysteine (Cys), N -acetyl- d , l -penicillamine (NAP), and sodium bisulfite (NaHSO 3 ). Sulfur-centered and superoxide anion radicals were trapped using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline- N -oxide (DMPO) and the radical adducts were analyzed by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The following sulfur-centered radicals were detected: glutathionyl radical (GS • ) from GSH, l -cysteinyl radical ( • Scys) from l -cysteine, N -acetyl- d , l -penicillamine thiyl radical ( • S nap ) from NAP, and sulfite anion radical[formula]from NaHSO 3 . Additionally the formation of the hydroxyl radical adduct of DMPO (DMPO/ • OH) was observed. DMPO/ • OH formation was totally inhibited by low-molecular-weight superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimics. This suggests that DMPO/ • OH was formed from the decay of the superoxide radical adduct of DMPO. In the presence of SOD mimics, the DMPO-sulfur-centered adducts were more persistent, suggesting that[formula]is partially responsible for the instability of DMPO-thiyl adducts. Sulfur-centered radicals formed during oxidation of thiols and sulfite by peroxynitrite react with ammonium formate to form the carbon dioxide anion radical[formula]We conclude that sulfur-centered radicals produced from the oxidation of thiols and sulfite by peroxynitrite arise from a hydroxyl-radical-independent mechanism. Biological implications of peroxynitrite-mediated oxidation of thiols as well as the use of SOD mimics in biological spin-trapping are discussed.
C-terminal tail of human immunodeficiency virus gp41: functionally rich and structurally enigmatic.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic is amongst the most important current worldwide public health threats. While much research has been focused on AIDS vaccines that target the surface viral envelope (Env) protein, including gp120 and the gp41 ectodomain, the C-terminal tail (CTT) of gp41 has received relatively little attention. Despite early studies highlighting the immunogenicity of a particular CTT sequence, the CTT has been classically portrayed as a type I membrane protein limited to functioning in Env trafficking and virion incorporation. Recent studies demonstrate, however, that the Env CTT has other important functions. The CTT has been shown to additionally modulate Env ectodomain structure on the cell and virion surface, affect Env reactivity and viral sensitivity to conformation-dependent neutralizing antibodies, and alter cell–cell and virus–cell fusogenicity of Env. This review provides an overview of the Env structure and function with a particular emphasis on the CTT and recent studies that highlight its functionally rich nature.
DTL/CDT2 is essential for both CDT1 regulation and the early G2/M checkpoint

Checkpoint genes maintain genomic stability by arresting cells after DNA damage. Many of these genes also control cell cycle events in unperturbed cells. By conducting a screen for checkpoint genes in zebrafish, we found that dtl/cdt2 is an essential component of the early, radiation-induced G2/M checkpoint. We subsequently found that dtl/cdt2 is required for normal cell cycle control, primarily to prevent rereplication. Both the checkpoint and replication roles are conserved in human DTL. Our data indicate that the rereplication reflects a requirement for DTL in regulating CDT1, a protein required for prereplication complex formation. CDT1 is degraded in S phase to prevent rereplication, and following DNA damage to prevent origin firing. We show that DTL associates with the CUL4-DDB1 E3 ubiquitin ligase and is required for CDT1 down-regulation in unperturbed cells and following DNA damage. The cell cycle defects of Dtl-deficient zebrafish are suppressed by reducing Cdt1 levels. In contrast, the early G2/M checkpoint defect appears to be Cdt1-independent. Thus, DTL promotes genomic stability through two distinct mechanisms. First, it is an essential component of the CUL4-DDB1 complex that controls CDT1 levels, thereby preventing rereplication. Second, it is required for the early G2/M checkpoint.
NOVEL USE OF THE CONTURA FOR HIGH DOSE RATE CRANIAL BRACHYTHERAPY

A popular choice for treatment of recurrent gliomas was cranial brachytherapy using the GliaSite Radiation Therapy System. However, this device was taken off the market in late 2008, thus leaving a treatment void. This case study presents our experience treating a cranial lesion for the first time using a Contura multilumen, high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy balloon applicator. The patient was a 47-year-old male who was diagnosed with a recurrent right frontal anaplastic oligodendroglioma. Previous radiosurgery made him a good candidate for brachytherapy. An intracavitary HDR balloon brachytherapy device (Contura) was placed in the resection cavity and treated with a single fraction of 20 Gy. The implant, treatment, and removal of the device were all completed without incident. Dosimetry of the device was excellent because the dose conformed very well to the target. V90, V100, V150, and V200 were 98.9%, 95.7%, 27.2, and 8.8 cc, respectively. This patient was treated successfully using the Contura multilumen balloon. Contura was originally designed for deployment in a postlumpectomy breast for treatment by accelerated partial breast irradiation. Being an intracavitary balloon device, its similarity to the GliaSite system makes it a viable replacement candidate. Multiple lumens in the device also make it possible to shape the dose delivered to the target, something not possible before with the GliaSite applicator.
Modal analysis of x-ray laser coherence.

We present a modal analysis of the paraxial wave equation for plasma x-ray lasers. Gain guiding and refractive antiguiding are identified as the essential mechanisms which influence the coherence of the output radiation. Scaling laws for the number of guided modes and the coherence are given, depending on three parameters: the gain-dependent Fresnel number, the strength of refraction relative to gain, and the amplification length. The importance of controlling excess spontaneous emission to obtain coherence is identified. We suggest an experimental effort to verify various guiding regimes and to produce coherent output in the range between 45 and 200 \AA{}.
Interactions of recombinant HMGB proteins with branched RNA substrates.

Abstract The high mobility group protein HMGB1 is a highly abundant chromosomal protein known to interact preferentially with DNA that is branched, bent or otherwise structurally altered. Biologically the protein is thought to facilitate promoter attachment by transcription factors. Recently, however, HMGB1 has been shown to have biological roles beyond that of an architectural DNA-binding protein. Here we investigate the binding interactions of recombinant HMGB1 proteins with two branched RNA’s E. coli 5S rRNA and the group I intron ribozyme from Azoarcus pre-tRNAIle. Using competitive electrophoretic mobility and circular dichroism binding assays, we show that HMGB proteins bind both substrates with high affinity. We also report that a recombinant rat HMGB protein, rHMGB1b, inhibits RNA cleavage by the ribozyme. These results raise the possibility that HMGB proteins possess structure dependent RNA binding activity and can modulate RNA processing as well as transcription.
Identification of Sterol-Sensing Amino Acids in Transmembrane Domain 2 of the BK Channel Beta 1 subunit

The activity of large conductance, voltage- and calcium-gated potassium (BK) channels in myocytes critically controls arterial diameter. At <300 μM in the aqueous phase (below critical micellar concentration), lithocholate (LC) and related steroids increase myocyte BK channel activity (Po) and cause arterial dilation. We showed that: 1) BK β1 TM2 is critical for the channel sensitivity to LC, and 2) BK β2-4 cannot substitute for β1 in providing LC-sensitivity to BK channels (Bukiya et al., 2008; 2009). Moreover, computational dynamics identified two LC-sensing amino acid clusters in BK β1TM2: L157,L158,T165 and T169,L172,L173. Here, we used pinpoint mutagenesis and patch-clamp electrophysiology to determine the relative contribution of each cluster to the LC-sensitivity of BK channels. BK α (cbv1) and β1 subunits cloned from rat cerebral artery myocytes (AY330293; FJ154955) were coexpressed in Xenopus oocytes, and BK currents were recorded from inside-out patches at Ca2+i=10 μM and Vm=-20 to −40mV. BK β1T165A and β1T165A,L157A,L158A mutants rendered LC-sensitive BK channels, with 150 μM LC-induced increase in Po (×1.7 times) being identical to that found with cbv1+wtβ1. In contrast, BK β1T165A,T169A and β1T169A mutants were absolutely unresponsive to ≥150 μM LC. Data unveil a critical role for β1T169 in providing LC-sensitivity to BK channels. While the β1T169S mutation was able to rescue the channel's LC-sensitivity, the β1T169S,L172A,L173A mutation failed to do so. Moreover, BK β1L172A,L173A was also LC-insensitive. These data validate our computational prediction that hydrogen bonding between T/S169 and the steroid hydroxyl, and hydrophobic interactions between L172,L173 and the steroid rings are both necessary for successful docking of LC onto the T169,L172,L173 cluster. Thus, T169, L172 and L173 in BK β1TM2 provide a docking surface that is essential for the LC-sensitivity of BK channels.Support: HL104631 (AMD).
Physical Climate Response to a Reduction of Anthropogenic Climate Forcing

Recent research indicates that the warming of the climate system resulting from increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions over the next century will persist for many centuries after the cessation of these emissions, principally because of the persistence of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and their attendant radiative forcing. However, it is unknown
A re-assessment of the effects of a Nogo-66 receptor antagonist on regenerative growth of axons and locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury in mice

This study was undertaken as part of the NIH "Facilities of Research-Spinal Cord Injury" project to support independent replication of published studies. Here, we repeated a study reporting that treatment with the NgR antagonist peptide NEP1-40 results in enhanced growth of corticospinal and serotonergic axons and enhanced locomotor recovery after thoracic spinal cord injury. Mice received dorsal hemisection injuries at T8 and then received either NEP1-40, Vehicle, or a Control Peptide beginning 4-5 h (early treatment) or 7 days (delayed treatment) post-injury. CST axons were traced by injecting BDA into the sensorimotor cortex. Serotonergic axons were assessed by immunocytochemistry. Hindlimb motor function was assessed using the BBB and BMS scales, kinematic and footprint analyses, and a grid climbing task. There were no significant differences between groups in the density of CST axon arbors in the gray matter rostral to the injury or in the density of serotonergic axons caudal to the injury. Tract tracing revealed that a small number of CST axons extended past the lesion in the ventral column in some mice in all treatment groups. The proportion of mice with such axons was higher in the NEP1-40 groups that received early treatment. In one experiment, mice treated with either NEP1-40 or a Control Peptide (reverse sequence) had higher BBB and BMS scores than Vehicle-treated controls at the early post-injury testing intervals, but scores converged at later intervals. There were no statistically significant differences between groups on other functional outcome measures. In a second experiment comparing NEP-treated and Vehicle controls, there were no statistically significant differences on any of the functional outcome measures. Together, our results suggest that treatment with NEP1-40 created a situation that was slightly more conducive to axon regeneration or sprouting. Enhanced functional recovery was not seen consistently with the different functional assessments, however.
Fathers' caregiving and breadwinning: A gender congruence analysis.

Maurer, Pleck, and Rane’s Gender Congruence Theory was further expanded via Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory and tested to predict parenting behaviors in fathers and mothers. Results provided some support for the revised theory for fathers: Both perceived expectations from their wives for caregiving behavior and the perceived caregiving behaviors of other fathers positively predicted their own caregiving behavior, whereas no independent variables were able to predict their breadwinning behavior. Results provided little support for the revised theory for mothers: Only the perceived caregiving behaviors of other mothers positively predicted their own caregiving behavior, and no independent variables predicted their breadwinning behavior. Role Identity was not a significant predictor of behavior in either role for fathers or mothers.
Analysis of the near-ultraviolet circular dichroic spectra of staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B and C.

The near-ultraviolet CD spectra from 260 to 300 nm of staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B and C were resolved empirically into Gaussian curves. Each spectrum contained the same six components with maximum ellipticities at virtually identical wavelengths. The rotatory strength of the bands of enterotoxin A, however, differed significantly from that of enterotoxins B and C. Each Gaussian curve was identified as corresponding to a prominent CD transition of an aromatic chromophore: two phenylalanine bands from its 1Lb transition (0-0 and 0 + 930 cm−1); four tyrosine bands from its 1Lb transition (the 800 cm−1 primary vibronic progression) with the weakest of these overlapping a phenylalanine band; and one 1Lb tryptophan band. At alkaline pH, tyrosylate CD bands arose, centered at 247–249 nm and at 295–298 nm. The low intensity of the 295–298-nm bands indicated that most of the tyrosine CD in the neutral enterotoxins was contributed by buried residues. The tryptophan contribution to the CD of enterotoxin A was positive, while that of B and C was negative. Also indicative of a different milieu was the ready oxidation of the A toxin by N-bromosuccinimide and the unavailability of the single tryptophan residue in the other two toxins to this reagent. The environment of the disulfide bond was markedly diverse in the three enterotoxins. Enterotoxin C was refractory to reduction by mercaptoethanol under conditions where enterotoxins B and A were readily reduced. The contribution of the disulfide of enterotoxin B to its CD spectrum was positive with an intensity of about 9000 deg · cm2 · dmol−1 and was centered near 273 nm. The difference spectrum between native and reduced enterotoxin A was much smaller and appeared to be conformational in origin.
Mating patterns and reproductive success in captive koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)

We analyzed 18 years of data collected from a breeding colony of captive koalas Phascolarctos cinereus in order to identify factors regulating mating success and to generate expectations about the behavioral ecology of wild koalas. Short-term mate fidelity was associated with reproductive success, but familiarity appeared to diminish reproductive output with time. Male body mass had no effect on reproductive success. Reproductive output was highest when males were slightly older than females. Survivorship of joeys was not dependent on either male or female age. We suggest that sexual selection regulates koala mating tactics primarily in the context of non-agonistic male competition. We hypothesize that field studies will reveal that females in the wild probably capitalize on the link between male vocal and olfactory advertisements and male age as a mechanism to foster positive assortative mating by age.
N-Alkoxyheterocycles As Irreversible Photooxidants†

Irreversible photooxidation based on N-O bond fragmentation is demonstrated for N-methoxyheterocycles in both the singlet and triplet excited state manifolds. The energetic requirements for bond fragmentation are studied in detail. Bond fragmentation in the excited singlet manifold is possible for ππ* singlet states with energies significantly larger than the N-O bond dissociation energy of ca 55 kcal mol(-1). For the nπ* triplet states, N-O bond fragmentation does not occur in the excited state for orbital overlap and energetic reasons. Irreversible photooxidation occurs in the singlet states by bond fragmentation followed by electron transfer. Irreversible photooxidation occurs in the triplet states via bimolecular electron transfer to the donor followed by bond fragmentation. Using these two sensitization schemes, donors can be irreversibly oxidized with oxidation potentials ranging from ca 1.6-2.2 V vs SCE. The corresponding N-ethylheterocycles are characterized as conventional reversible photooxidants in their triplet states. The utility of these sensitizers is demonstrated by irreversibly generating the guanosine radical cation in buffered aqueous solution.
Utilizing Context Information to Enhance Content-Based Image Classification

Traditional image classification relies on text information such as tags, which requires a lot of human effort to annotate them. Therefore, recent work focuses more on training the classifiers directly on visual features extracted from image content. The performance of content-based classification is improving steadily, but it is still far below users' expectation. Moreover, in a web environment, HTML surrounding texts associated with images naturally serve as context information and are complementary to content information. This paper proposes a novel two-stage image classification framework that aims to improve the performance of content-based image classification by utilizing context information of web-based images. A new TF*IDF weighting scheme is proposed to extract discriminant textual features from HTML surrounding texts. Both content-based and context-based classifiers are built by applying multiple correspondence analysis MCA. Experiments on web-based images from Microsoft Research Asia MSRA-MM dataset show that the proposed framework achieves promising results.
The v-rel oncogene product is complexed with cellular proteins including its proto-oncogene product and heat shock protein 70

Abstract The oncogene product, pp59v-rel of avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV-T) is complexed in the cytosol of REV-T transformed lymphoid cells with cellular proteins. Monoclonal antibodies and antisera directed against different regions of pp59v-rel coimmunoprecipitate five cellular proteins (pl24, pl 15, p75, p70, and p40) in addition to pp59v-rel. Cellular proteins with the same apparent molecular mass also copurify with pp59v-rel during sequential Sephacryl S200 and immunoaffinity chromatography. Antisera directed against the most abundant cellular protein in the complex, pp40, coimmunoprecipitate pp59v-rel and several cellular proteins with the same apparent molecular mass. The 75-kDa protein in the pp59v-rel complex is the product of c-rel proto-oncogene and is weakly phosphorylated. In MSB-1 cells this protein is not detectably phosphorylated or associated with cellular proteins. The 70-kDa protein in the pp59v-rel containing cytosolic complex is the constitutive form of avian heat shock protein 70 (HSC70). The p70 protein coimmunoprecipitates and copurifies with pp59v-rel using antisera directed against pp59v-rel and coimmunoprecipitates with antisera specific for pp40. The p70 isolated from immune complexes containing pp59v-rel shares V8 protease fragments with HSC70.
Client Variables Related to Relapse: A Case Study

Abstract The process of changing an aspect on one’s self that has been such an integral part of life is challenging, to say the least. Even though we believe we want this change, we sometimes unknowingly create obstacles for ourselves, generally due to fears of what life changes are to come as a result. What follows is a story of one client, his honest self exploration of his fears about becoming more fluent and the ultimate outcome.
CROSSOVER SCALING FUNCTION FOR THE ONE-DIMENSIONAL XY MODEL AT ZERO TEMPERATURE

Abstract We compute the time-dependent spin-spin correlation function 〈σ1X(0) σRX+1 (τ)〉 at zero temperature for the one-dimensional XY model in the double scaling limit R → ∞, h → 1-, γ → 0+, τ → ∞, such that the scaling variables (1 − h 2 ) 1 2 R , γR, and 1 2 (1 −h 2 )τ are fixed. Here γ is the anisotropy parammeter in the spin hamiltonian and h is the external magnetic field in the z-direction.
Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma presenting in the submandibular region in an 11 year-old.

Abstract Follicular dendritic cell sarcomas are rare malignancies of antigen-presenting cells. Likely under-diagnosed, these sarcomas arise from the dendritic reticulum cells of lymph nodes. Extranodal presentations are rare, with fewer than 70 reported head and neck cases, most commonly involving the tonsils. We present a case of FDCS involving the submandibular region in an 11-year-old. To our knowledge, this is the third reported head and neck case in a patient under the age of 16. We review the differential diagnosis of this rare sarcoma and highlight key features differentiating FDCS from other poorly differentiated neoplasms to enable prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Strain determination from three known stretches—an exact solution

Abstract In a domain of finite homogeneous deformation, the strain ellipse is uniquely specified by three linearly independent stretch measurements. An exact determination of the principal reciprocal quadratic stretches and principal directions is obtained by solving three simultaneous equations. The equations derived have important applications to the problem of constructing the strain ellipsoid from sectional data and to finite-element interpolation.
Ultra-high-isolation BiCMOS switch for extremely wideband microwave and millimeter-wave systems

A new RF switch architecture with ultra-high isolation and possible gain is proposed, analyzed and demonstrated using 0.18-μm BiCMOS technology. The new RF switch architecture achieves an ultra-high isolation through implementation of a new RF leaking cancellation technique, in which the RF leaking signal is suppressed by combining with its replica using a balun. Its isolation is substantially higher than that produced by a conventional switch topology. The newly designed 0.18-μm BiCMOS RF switch exhibits an ultra-broadband performance from 10 to 38 GHz with −2.6-dB loss to 0.4-dB gain, isolation from 40 to about 70 dB, and input return loss from 8 to 20 dB under small signal conditions. Within 35.5–38.5 GHz, its isolation reaches extremely high values, with the highest isolation around 70 dB at 36 GHz. Measured insertion loss and isolation under large-signal conditions at 35 GHz show around 1–2 dB and 51.5 dB, respectively. The RF switch consumes a dc current of only 8 mA from a 1.8 V source. The extremely high isolation achievable by the new RF switch demonstrates the possibility of pushing RF system performance limited by switch isolation to a next level.
Privacy Protection in the 1980s

Privacy is a term with multiple meanings. However, in the context of automated record-keeping systems which contain personal data about individuals, "privacy" refers to the rights of individuals regarding the collection, storage, processing, circulation, and use of personal information about themselves (1-4). Synonymous terms in use are "fair information practices" and, in many countries abroad, "data protection" (5,6). Privacy protection is achieved when privacy rights are granted to individuals by legislative means or voluntarily by record- keeping organizations, and their enforcement is implemented by procedural and technical means
Dynamiting Don Quijote: literature, colonial memory and the crisis of the national subject in the monumental poetics of the Cervantine tercentenary (Spain 1915–1921)

This paper analyzes the effects of the commemorative cycle of the tercentenary of Don Quijote (1905–1915) in the context of the crisis of the Spanish Restoration (1917–1923). Literary figures such as Ramon del Valle-Inclan, Rafael Cansinos Assens, and Manuel Azana understood this cycle as the symbolic response of Alphonsine culture to the “Disaster of '98.” These writers used Quixotist material in the work that they published at the very beginning of Primo de Rivera's dictatorship in an attempt to narrate the Restoration's crisis of legitimacy in a Civic Republican tone. These narratives required the production of a memory critical of the colonial project, on the one hand, and the deconstruction of the commemorative regime that had restrained it, on the other. The anti-nationalist criticism of Quixotist memorialization (and, in an exemplary fashion, of the Monument to Cervantes in Madrid's Plaza de Espana) is tied to the iconoclastic imagination of an emancipated political community. In the works of these...
Distribution and properties of fragments and debris from the split Comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3 as revealed by Spitzer Space Telescope

During 2006 Mar - 2007 Jan, we used the IRAC and MIPS instruments on the Spitzer Space Telescope to study the infrared emission from the ensemble of fragments, meteoroids, and dust tails in the more than 3 degree wide 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3 debris field. We also investigated contemporaneous ground based and HST observations. In 2006 May, 55 fragments were detected in the Spitzer image. The wide spread of fragments along the comet's orbit indicates they were formed from the 1995 splitting event. While the number of major fragments in the Spitzer image is similar to that seen from the ground by optical observers, the correspondence between the fragments with optical astrometry and those seen in the Spitzer images cannot be readily established, due either to strong non-gravitational terms, astrometric uncertainties, or transience of the fragments outgassing. The Spitzer data resolve the structure of the dust comae at a resolution of 1000 km, and they reveal the infrared emission due to large (mm to cm size) particles in a continuous dust trail that closely follows the projected orbit. We detect fluorescence from outflowing CO2 gas from the largest fragments (B and C), and we measure the CO2:H2O proportion (1:10 and 1:20, respectively). Three dimensionless parameters to explain dynamics of the solid particles: alpha (sublimation reaction), beta (radiation pressure), and nu (ejection velocity). The major fragments have nu>alpha>beta and are dominated by the kinetic energy imparted to them by the fragmentation process. The small, ephemeral fragments seen by HST in the tails of the major fragments have alpha>nu>beta dominated by rocket forces. The meteoroids along the projected orbit have beta~nu>>alpha. Dust in the fragments' tails has beta>>(nu+alpha) and is dominated by radiation pressure.
Discovery of a 270 Hertz X-Ray Burst Oscillation in the X-Ray Dipper 4U 1916–053

We report the discovery of a highly coherent oscillation in a type I X-ray burst observed from 4U 1916-053 by the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). The oscillation was most strongly detected ≈1 s after the burst onset at a frequency of 269.4 Hz, and it increased in frequency over the following 4 s of the burst decay to a maximum of 272 Hz. The total measured drift of 3.58 ± 0.41 Hz (1 σ) represents the largest fractional change in frequency (1.32% ± 0.15%) yet observed in any burst oscillation. If the asymptotic frequency of the oscillation is interpreted in terms of a decoupled surface burning layer, the implied neutron star spin period is around 3.7 ms. However, the expansion of the burning layer required to explain the frequency drift during the burst is around 80 m, substantially larger than expected theoretically (assuming rigid rotation). The oscillation was not present in the persistent emission before the burst, nor in the initial rise. When detected, its amplitude was 6%-12% (rms) with a roughly sinusoidal profile. The burst containing the oscillation showed no evidence for photospheric radius expansion, while at least five of the other nine bursts observed from the source by RXTE during 1996 and 1998 did. No comparable oscillations were detected in the other bursts. A pair of kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations (kHz QPOs) has been previously reported from this source with a mean separation of 348 ± 12 Hz. 4U 1916-053 is the first example of a source where the burst oscillation frequency is significantly smaller than the frequency separation of the kHz QPOs.
Is the balanced scorecard right for academic libraries

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider the potential utility for higher educational institutions, and in particular libraries, of the balanced scorecard (BSC) performance measurement tool, originally developed by Kaplan and Norton for use in businesses and since adapted for the public and non‐profit sectors.Design/methodology/approach – The relevant literature was reviewed to ascertain key aspects and functionalities of the BSC framework, survey implementations and determine perceptions of the system's effectiveness and weaknesses, and – while the BSC has as yet been put into practice only infrequently in libraries – treat its appropriateness for information service.Findings – The BSC supplements financial accounting with non‐financial leading indicators to link performance drivers and outcome measures in cause and effect relationships that can predict future performance and drive a single organizational strategy. Also intended as a straightforward reporting “dashboard” revealing whether impro...
Exact solution approach for a class of nonlinear bilevel knapsack problems

We study a class of nonlinear bilevel knapsack problems. The upper-level objective is a nonlinear integer function of both the leader's and the follower's decision variables. At the lower level the follower solves a linear binary knapsack problem, where the right-hand side of the knapsack constraint depends on the resource allocated by the leader. After discussing computational complexity issues, we propose an exact solution approach using an equivalent single-level value function reformulation. Extensive computational experiments are performed with quadratic and fractional binary objective functions.
The base substitution fidelity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase on DNA and RNA templates probed with 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine triphosphate

Abstract We have used 8-O-dGTP, a mutagenic nucleotide generated by oxidative metabolism, to probe the misincorporation potential of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) during DNA synthesis templated by the same nucleotide sequence as either RNA or DNA. With either template, 8-O-dGMP was misincorporated opposite template A, yielding characteristic A→C transversions. The error rate with DNA was similar to that with RNA, suggesting that base misincorporation by the RT during first-strand and second-strand replication may contribute equally to the HIV-1 base substitution mutation rate. The rate of 8-O-dGMP misincorporation differed by more than 10-fold among the 20 adenines in the M13mp2 template where A→C transversions can be detected. The transversion distribution was similar with the two templates, indicating that the effects of flanking nucleotides on misincorporation rates were similar. This is consistent with structural and biochemical data suggesting that HIV-1 RT binds RNA·DNA and DNA·DNA template–primers in the same orientation. The similarities in error rates and distribution further indicate that, despite differences in the structures of free RNA·DNA and DNA·DNA duplexes (e.g., minor groove dimensions), the polymerase active site that assembles upon substrate binding establishes a similar degree of nucleotide selectivity with both types of template–primers. Comparison of the RT error distribution to that observed with two Pol I family DNA polymerases and a Pol α family polymerase revealed common hot and cold spots for misincorporation. This suggests that the local nucleotide sequence influences the nucleotide selectivity of four polymerases in a similar manner, despite their differences in structure, biochemical properties, and functions.
Thermal properties and physicochemical behavior in aqueous solution of pyrene-labeled poly(ethylene glycol)-polylactide conjugate

A fluorescence-labeled bioresorbable polymer was prepared by a coupling reaction of poly(ethylene glycol)-polylactide (PEG-PLA) with carboxyl pyrene, using N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide/1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (DIC/HOAt) as a coupling agent and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as a catalyst. The obtained copolymer, termed PEG-PLA-pyrene, was characterized using various analytical techniques, such as gel permeation chromatography (GPC), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), to identify the molecular structure and to monitor the thermal property changes before and after the reaction. The presence of a pyrene moiety at the end of polylactide (PLA) did not alter the crystallization ability of the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) blocks, indicating that the conjugate preserved the inherent thermal properties of PEG-PLA. However, the presence of PEG-PLA blocks strongly reduced the melting of pyrene, indicating that the thermal characteristics were sensitive to PEG-PLA incorporation. Regarding the physicochemical behavior in aqueous solution, a higher concentration of PEG-PLA-pyrene resulted in a higher ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorbance and fluorescence emission intensity. This is of great interest for the use of this conjugate as a fluorescence probe to study the in vivo distribution as well as the internalization and intracellular localization of polymeric micelles.
The heats of combustion and strain energies of some cyclophanes

Abstract Heats of combustion and vapor pressure curves have been determined for 2,2-metacyclophane (II), 3,3-paracyclophane (III), 2,2-metaparacyclophane (IV), 1,8-paracyclophane (V), 6,6-paracyclophane (VI), 2,2-perhydroparacyclophane (VII), From these data, values have been derived for the heats of combustion and formation of both the solid and gaseous compounds. Heats of crystal transition, and of fusion, have been measured for II, III, and IV. Measurements have also been made of the heat capacities of 2,2-paracyclphane, II, III, and IV at 300°K and 318°K. Experimental strain energies at 298°K and in a motionless state are derived from the heats of formation by comparisons with group contributions and also by comparison of heats of strain relieving reactions with reference reactions. The crystal and gaseous heats of formation and experimental room temperature strain energies are respectively (in kcal mole−1: II, 18·7 ± 1·5, 40·7 ± 1·9, 12; III 6·24 ± 0·63, 30·92 ± 0·88, 12; IV, 31·26 ± 0·51, 52·18 ± 0·73, 24; V, −19·6 ± 1·7, 6·9 ± 2·2, 2; VI, −46·0 ± 2·3, −18·5 ± 2·8, −7; VII, −58·4 ± 3·1, −37·4 ± 3·6, 26. The structure, strain energy and thermodynamic functions of VII have been calculated by energy minimization using a set of transferable potential functions.
Intestinal microflora in the deep-sea isopodBathynomus giganteus

Observations with the scanning electron microscope showed that the deep-sea isopodBathynomus giganteus harbors a dense microflora within the digestive tract. The gut microflora is composed of a diversity of microorganisms, including an unusually large bacterial morphotype that predominates almost exclusively in the anterior end of the hindgut. The majority of these large bacteria measured 1.9 μm×8.5 μm and many reached a size of 2.0 μm×10.0 μm.
Osteoclast polarization and orthodontic tooth movement.

Structured Abstract Authors – Holliday LS, Ostrov DA, Wronski TJ, Dolce C Introduction – Osteoclasts polarize when they contact activation signals that are associated with bone. Polarization is required for bone resorption and involves highly specialized mechanisms that represent attractive targets for the development of osteoclast-specific therapeutic agents. One potential use of such agents is to block tooth movement in spatially discrete locations to provide orthodontic anchorage. Materials and methods – Our group’s research was directed toward the development of agents that inhibited the polarization of osteoclasts, and efforts were underway to develop means to experimentally modulate orthodontic tooth movement. We performed ‘proof-in-principle’ experiments demonstrating pharmacological blockades of orthodontic tooth movement using integrin and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors in a rat model. Results – We identified novel mechanisms underlying osteoclast bone resorption. Interactions between vacuolar H+-ATPase and the microfilament cytoskeleton that were unique to osteoclasts were described and characterized. Our group is now seeking to make use of this new knowledge, coupled with an emerging technique, supercomputer-based molecular modeling for the rational development of novel, osteoclast-specific therapeutic agents. Conclusion – Fresh insight into the molecular details of osteoclastic bone resorption provides new opportunities for identifying agents to selectively modulate osteoclast activity. Such agents may contribute to evolution of the practice of orthodontics.
Combinatorial ion beam synthesis of CdSxSe1−x nanocrystals

Abstract In this presentation we focus on the synthesis of buried multielemental semiconductor nanoparticles by sequential high dose ion implantation and post-implantation annealing. Nanocluster formation and alloying was studied by Raman-, Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) on a materials library of CdSxSe1−x nanoclusters buried in thermally grown SiO2 on silicon. Characteristic peak shifts of the LO-Raman signal and XRD-peaks due to varying S- and Se-fraction indicate that the ion beam synthesized clusters consist of a solid solution of Cd, S and Se. In addition the influence of the implanted dose ratios on the structural evolution of the nanocluster-SiO2 system will be discussed.