cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Involvement of vitamin D3 with cardiovascular function. II. Direct and indirect effects

To determine whether the changes in cardiovascular function that accompany vitamin D3 deficiency are the direct result of hypovitaminosis D3 or a response to the hypocalcemia that accompanies vitamin D3 deficiency, rats were maintained for 9 wk on a vitamin D3-deficient diet containing either low (0.4%) calcium or high (2.5%) calcium to prevent hypocalcemia. Rats were also maintained on the low-calcium, vitamin D3-deficient diet for 9 wk and then transferred to diets designed to reverse hypocalcemia or vitamin D3 deficiency. The results demonstrate that the changes in in vitro cardiac contractile function that accompany vitamin D3 deficiency 1) could not be prevented by preventing the hypocalcemia that normally accompanies vitamin D3 depletion or 2) could not be reversed by restoration of serum calcium to normal levels after the initial period of vitamin D3 depletion. In contrast, the change in in vitro vascular muscle contractile function observed in vitamin D3-deficient, hypocalcemic rats could be prevented by maintaining serum calcium at normal levels and also reversed by restoration of serum calcium to normal after an initial period of vitamin D3 deficiency. These observations indicate that hypocalcemia does not account for the changes in cardiac contractile function that result from vitamin D3 depletion and suggest a direct role for vitamin D3 or its metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in regulating cardiac contractility. Possible mechanisms underlying this direct effect were also explored.
Functional Radiotherapy Targeting using Focused Dose Escalation

Various quantitative and semi-quantitative imaging biomarkers have been identified that may serve as valid surrogates for the risk of recurrence after radiotherapy. Tumour characteristics, such as hypoxia, vascularity, cellular proliferation and clonogen density, can be geographically mapped using biological imaging techniques. The potential gains in therapeutic ratio from the precision targeting of areas of intrinsic resistance makes focused dose escalation an exciting field of study. This overview will explore the issues surrounding biologically optimised radiotherapy, including its requirements, feasibility, technical considerations and potential applicability.
Pilot study of a moderate dose multivitamin/mineral supplement for children with autistic spectrum disorder.

Objective: Determine the effect of a moderate dose multivitamin/mineral supplement on children with autistic spectrum disorder. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 3-month study. S...
Mosaic identity and style: Phonological variation among Reform American Jews1

Scholars of American Judaism have argued that American Jews are losing their sense of a distinctive Jewish identity, and the cultural practices concomitant with that identity. This general attrition has resulted in what many label the mosaic identity of American Jews, whereby multiple group affiliations exist in tandem and in conflict. Utilizing a reworked framework of language style (based on Bell 1984, 2001), I demonstrate how the claim that Jewish-affiliated practice is compartmentalized and relegated only to specifically Jewish contexts is supported through an examination of the variable pronunciation of word-final /t/. This paper illustrates the ways in which quantitative and qualitative analyses can work together to create a more developed picture of Reform American Judaism.
Study of Controlled Cyclic Distillation: II. Analytical Transient Solution and Asymptotic Plate Efficiencies

Abstract The dynamic equations of the composition variables of a controlled cycling distillation column are solved to obtain the transient solutions for the vapor-flow period. These solutions are then used to establish asymptotic expressions for the compositions at the pseudo-steady-state condition of the cycling column. Analytical expressions for the asymptotic plate efficiencies in terms of the operating conditions, equilibrium data, and local point efficiencies are derived to show quantitatively the amount of improvement in the separating ability that can be achieved in an ideal cycling column. A method of numerical iterative solution for a nonlinear equilibrium relationship is demonstrated, and a simplified graphical method for calculating the number of stages required for a given separation is presented.
Lactation induction as a predictor of post-parturition transgene expression in bovine milk

The bovine’s long generation interval results in a delay of several years when evaluating mammary specific transgenes in genetically engineered animals. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of reducing that waiting period. Lactation was induced in prepubertal bull and heifer calves as a means of predicting transgene behaviour during subsequent postparturient lactations in the heifers themselves, and in daughters sired by the bulls. The animals carry a lactation-specific transgene encoding lysostaphin, an antimicrobial protein that kills Staphlococcus aureus, a mastitis-causing pathogen. Oestrogen, progesterone and dexamethasone were administered as previously described (Ball et al. 2000) to nine heifers (five transgenics) ranging in weight from 80 to 145 kg. Eight bull calves (seven transgenics) weighing 81–178 kg received additional oestrogen and progesterone injection prior to dexamethasone treatment. All nine heifers responded to the milk induction scheme yielding between 19 ml and 4.5 l over 5 d. Milk volume from the four responding males (30 m lt o 2 . 5 ml) was significantly less than that harvested from females (P=0 . 025). Only bull calves >117 kg had a positive response. Lysostaphin was detected in all transgenic prepubertal heifers and in two transgenic prepubertal bull calves induced. A positive relationship was observed between lysostaphin’s stapholytic activity in the two types of lactations (r 2 =0 . 907, P<0 . 001) thus providing a useful means of predicting subsequent lysostaphin production in post-partum milk.
Inferencing Processes after Right Hemisphere Brain Damage: Effects of Contextual Bias.

Purpose Comprehension deficits associated with right hemisphere brain damage (RHD) have been attributed to an inability to use context, but there is little direct evidence to support the claim. Thi...
The RANKL Distal Control Region Is Required for the Increase in RANKL Expression, But Not the Bone Loss, Associated with Hyperparathyroidism or Lactation in Adult Mice

Osteoclast-mediated bone resorption plays an essential role in calcium homeostasis and lactation. The cytokine receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) is one of a number of factors that controls the production, survival, and activity of osteoclasts. Calciotropic hormones, such as PTH, control RANKL transcription in part via an enhancer known as the distal control region (DCR), and mice lacking this enhancer have fewer osteoclasts under normal physiological conditions. Here, we have addressed the role of the DCR in situations in which activation of the PTH receptor is thought to stimulate bone resorption via elevation of RANKL expression. Dietary calcium deficiency stimulated RANKL expression in the bone of young (1 month old) wild-type, but not DCR knockout (KO), mice. Consistent with this, the cancellous bone loss and the increase in osteoclasts caused by dietary calcium deficiency were blunted in young KO mice. DCR deletion also prevented the increase in RANKL expression caused by dietary...
MoodMagician: a pervasive and unobtrusive emotion sensing system using mobile phones for improving human mental health

In this demo, we present MoodMagician, a pervasive and unobtrusive mobile phone system for inferring human emotions through the recording, processing, and analysis of the real-time streaming Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) signal from human bodies. Being different from traditional multimodal emotion sensing systems which rely on data from multiple sensing sources and may hence interfere with people's daily life, our proposed system is able to detect various categories of human emotions using single GSR signal, which is captured by compact and wearable mobile sensing devices in an unobtrusive fashion. The proposed system has been evaluated by well-designed practical experiments to recognize human emotions. The recognition accuracy of each emotion can be up to 70% through the development of effective preprocessing algorithms and the extraction of representative features from the GSR signals.
LOCALIZATION OF PROTEIN-BOUND I131 IN THE THYROID GLAND OF THE MOUSE

HIGH resolution autoradiography as been used to localize proteinbound I131 in the thyroid gland of the rat by Leblond and Gross (1948) and by Doniach and Pelc (1949). The theory and methods have been reviewed by Gross, Bogoroch, Nadler and Leblond (1951) and by Fitzgerald, Simmel, Weinstein and Martin (1953). A critical review of the results of autoradiographic studies on the thyroid has been published recently (Doniach, Howard and Pelc, 1953). Two details which appeared to be unsettled were the site of the protein binding of iodine and the significance of the “ring” distribution observed for protein-bound I131 in the inactive gland. These problems and several others discussed by Leblond and Gross (1948) have now been investigated in the thyroid gland of the mouse. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C3H mice 3 to 7 months of age weighing 25 to 35 gm. were used. They were fed a pelleted stock diet of moderately low iodine content (Wollman, Scow, Wagner and Morris, 1953.)
Adult testicular torsion.

Purpose: Testicular torsion in adulthood is thought to be relatively unusual. We compared a series of men 21 years old or older with testicular torsion with a concurrent series of younger patients with torsion. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients admitted with testicular torsion in a 9-year period to hospitals affiliated with our institution. Data included patient demographics, history, physical findings, radiographic results if any, operative findings and outcome (testicular salvage versus loss). Results: The charts of 48 patients were evaluated. Excluded from study was a neonate with torsion and 3 males who underwent delayed surgery for presumed missed torsion. Of the remaining 44 patients we compared 17 who were 21 years old or older (range 21 to 34) with 27 younger than 21 (range 8 to 20). The salvage rate differed in the 2 age groups with 70.3% of testes salvaged in the younger group versus only 41% in the older group. A factor affecting salvage in each group was time to presentation. In the older age group patients in whom the testis was lost had a significantly higher mean delay in presentation than those in whom it was salvaged (102 versus 11 hours). A similar pattern was noted in the younger group with a mean time to presentation of 108 and 6.5 hours in those with testicular loss and salvage, respectively. Mean time between presentation and operation was 7.1 hours in the older and 4.8 in the younger group, which was not statistically different. A significant difference was noted in the degree of spermatic cord twisting. The cord was twisted a mean of 585 degrees in the adults versus 431 in the younger group. Conclusions: Testicular torsion in adults was more common in our series than expected. Salvage of the affected testis was better in younger patients, presumably due to less twisting of the cord.
A fluorometric assay of ceramide glycanase with 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-lactoside derivatives.

4-Methylumbelliferyl 6′-O-benzyl-β-d-lactoside (6′Bn-MU-Lac) and some related compounds were synthesizedvia different selective reactions including phase-transfer glycosylation. Their suitability as substrates for a fluorometric assay of ceramide glycanase (CGase) was evaluated. Among others, the 6′Bn-MU-Lac, which is resistant to exogalactosidase, was found to be a suitable substrate for routine assay of the CGase activity. For American leech CGase, theKm value is 0.232 mM at pH 5.
A Program to Improve Detection of Undiagnosed Dementia in Primary Care and Its Association with Healthcare Utilization

Objective Alzheimer's disease and related dementias are common and costly, with increased healthcare utilization for patients with these disorders. The current study describes a novel dementia detection program for veterans and examines whether program-eligible patients have higher healthcare utilization than age-matched comparison patients. Design Using a telephone-based case-finding approach, the detection program used risk factors available in the electronic medical record (EMR) and telephone-based brief cognitive screening. Holding illness severity constant, dementia detection and healthcare utilization were compared across age-matched groups with and without program risk factors. Setting Five Veterans Affairs Healthcare Network Upstate New York primary care clinics. Participants Veterans aged 70 years and older. Measurements EMR data and the Charlson comorbidity index. Results Program-eligible patients (n = 5,333) demonstrated significantly greater levels of medical comorbidity relative to comparison patients and were on average more than twice as likely to be admitted to the hospital. They also had nearly double the number of outpatient visits to several services. Similar patterns were seen in those who screened positive on a brief cognitive measure, compared with those who screened negative. Conclusions A novel program using EMR data to assist in the detection of newly diagnosed dementia in a clinical setting was found to be useful in identifying older veterans with multiple comorbid medical conditions and increased utilization of hospital and clinic services. Results suggest undetected cognitive impairment and dementia may significantly contribute to healthcare utilization and costs of care in older veterans.
Changing Patterns of FSH and LH Response to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in the Puerperium

Gonadotropin responses to synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH or LRF), as well as basal concentrations of gonadotropins, estradiol, and prolactin, were determined at weekly intervals during the first eight weeks post partum in seven non-nursing, non-steroid-treated women. The results were compared with those of a group of eleven women studied on the second day of the menstrual cycle. In the postpartum group, baseline concentrations of LH and FSH similar to those seen in the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle occurred by the third week post partum. In response to an iv bolus of 100 μg GnRH, elevations of serum LH: 1) occurred as early as the second postpartum week; 2) were less than those of women during the early follicular phase until the fourth postpartum week; and 3) were exaggerated (when compared with those of subjects in the early folliculaivphase) during the fifth through the eighth week post partum. Similarly, the FSH responses to GnRH in the puerperium were similar to those ...
Nanometre-scale electronics with III–V compound semiconductors

For 50 years the exponential rise in the power of electronics has been fuelled by an increase in the density of silicon complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) transistors and improvements to their logic performance. But silicon transistor scaling is now reaching its limits, threatening to end the microelectronics revolution. Attention is turning to a family of materials that is well placed to address this problem: group III-V compound semiconductors. The outstanding electron transport properties of these materials might be central to the development of the first nanometre-scale logic transistors.
High-Density and Robust STT-MRAM Array Through Device/Circuit/Architecture Interactions

In spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM), retention-, write-, and read-failures negatively impact the memory yield and density. In this paper, we jointly consider device-circuit-architecture layers to implement high-density STT-MRAM array while meeting the target yield requirement. Different types of magnetic tunnel junctions are considered at the device level, and error correcting codes (ECCs) in conjunction with invert-coding are employed as an architectural solution. Through cross-layer interactions, we present a design methodology to optimize bit-cell area while satisfying the target yield and energy consumption under process variation. Furthermore, we explore the use of invert-coding along with ECC in order to achieve higher memory density than that obtained using ECC alone. Our proposed technique can improve memory density further by proper selection of thermal stability factor based upon two observations: 1) invert-coding can fix multiple write/read failures with small storage overhead and 2) as thermal stability factor increases, retention-failure probability exponentially decreases, and thus, simple ECC is good enough for retention failure correction.
The analysis of two-dimensional patterns using picture processing grammars

A method for the description of the hierarchical structure of two-dimensional pictures is proposed. The model is called picture-processing grammar. It can be regarded as an extension of phrase-structure grammars to the two-dimensional case. A picture analysis program is described. It accepts picture-processing grammar in tabular form and processes pictures using that grammar. Experiments have been performed to analyze handwritten numerals, mathematical expressions and line drawings. Some practical applications are discussed.
On island sequences of labelings with a condition at distance two

An L(2,1)-labeling of a graph G is a function f from the vertex set of G to the set of nonnegative integers such that |f(x)-f(y)|>=2 if d(x,y)=1, and |f(x)-f(y)|>=1 if d(x,y)=2, where d(x,y) denotes the distance between the pair of vertices x,y. The lambda number of G, denoted @l(G), is the minimum range of labels used over all L(2,1)-labelings of G. An L(2,1)-labeling of G which achieves the range @l(G) is referred to as a @l-labeling. A hole of an L(2,1)-labeling is an unused integer within the range of integers used. The hole index of G, denoted @r(G), is the minimum number of holes taken over all its @l-labelings. An island of a given @l-labeling of G with @r(G) holes is a maximal set of consecutive integers used by the labeling. Georges and Mauro [J.P. Georges, D.W. Mauro, On the structure of graphs with non-surjective L(2,1)-labelings, SIAM J. Discrete Math. 19 (2005) 208-223] inquired about the existence of a connected graph G with @r(G)>=1 possessing two @l-labelings with different ordered sequences of island cardinalities. This paper provides an infinite family of such graphs together with their lambda numbers and hole indices. Key to our discussion is the determination of the path covering number of certain 2-sparse graphs, that is, graphs containing no pair of adjacent vertices of degree greater than 2.
Understanding empathy: Integrating counseling, developmental, and social psychology perspectives.

Un examen de la litterature sur la question permet de comparer les modeles utilises par la psychotherapie de consultation, par la psychologie genetique et par la psychologie sociale dans la definition et dans la mesure de l'empathie. L'integration de ces differentes perspectives permet de degager des propositions concernant la nature, l'evolution et l'utilite clinique de l'empathie
The Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome: A Clinical Update

The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a well-described phenomenon in HIV-infected patients following initiation of antiretroviral therapy and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality in some patients. Risk for IRIS is enhanced in those with low CD4 counts and preexisting opportunistic infections. The development of pathogen-specific definitions of IRIS has aided classification of patients and has facilitated research. Newer data on optimal timing of ART initiation, with additional data in the setting of tuberculosis and cryptococcal meningitis, will help guide strategies to decrease the risk of IRIS but must balance the risks of HIV disease progression. Managing patients with IRIS can be challenging. Treatment options include pathogen-specific therapy, antiinflammatory therapies, and other novel approaches.
Declaring Students Eligible for Learning Disability Services: Why Bother with the Data?

School personnel routinely collect a variety of information in order to make decisions concerning a student's eligibility for special services. Such decisions are typically made at placement team meetings in which individuals are expected to reach consensus as a group on the basis of assessment results. Twenty videotapes of placement team meetings were analyzed relative to the kinds of data presented. The relationship between the final decision and the amount of information presented was positive: greater likelihood of identification was evident at meetings in which more information was presented. Little relationship existed between the type of information presented and applicability to various currently popular identification criteria. Eighty-three percent of the statements made at the meetings were considered irrelevant. The data provide little evidence to suggest that teams use specific, formal criteria when making eligibility decisions or that assessment results are used for purposes other than minima...
A basin wide stochastic salinity model

Summary In the western United States many rivers experience high salinity resulting from natural and anthropogenic sources. This impacts the water quality and hence, is closely monitored. The salinity is closely linked with streamflow quantity in that, a higher flow brings with it more salt but also provides substantial dilution to reduce the salt concentration and vice-versa during low flow regimes. Decision makers typically plan strategies for salinity mitigation and evaluate impacts of water management policy options on salinity in the basin using decision support models. These models require statistically consistent basin wide scenarios of streamflow and salinity. Recognizing this need, we develop a basin wide stochastic generator of salinity that is consistent with the flows. The framework integrates a nonparametric space–time disaggregation model, applied to both flow and salt, and a nonparametric regression model, which simulates natural salt magnitude for a given natural flow. The nonparametric techniques do not require prior assumptions about the underlying functional relationship unlike traditional parametric methods, are data driven, and robust at capturing any functional form present in the data. They are also easily portable across sites. Within this integrated framework we propose two representative approaches, from several possible variations, for generating salt scenarios, each capturing different aspects of the flow and salt statistics. We demonstrate the performance of these approaches by applying them to flow and salt data from four gauges in the Upper Colorado River Basin. The spatial and temporal statistics of salt and their relationship with flows are well captured. This framework has utility in a variety of applications such as, short term salinity forecast conditioned on streamflow forecast, long term salinity scenarios conditioned on climate change projections, and also in reconstructing paleo salinity from paleo streamflows.
Techniques of full-scale colour total body photography: A useful tool in the management of patients with the dysplastic naevus syndrome

A method of full-scale colour total body photography for the management of patients with the dysplastic naevus syndrome is presented. These photographs are indexed for easy use and require no special equipment for viewing. Controversy about the use of clinical photography for the management of the dysplastic naevus syndrome is reviewed.
Long-term survival after liver transplantation in 4,000 consecutive patients at a single center.

Objective To evaluate the long-term survival outcomes of a large cohort of liver transplant recipients and to identify static and changing factors that influenced these outcomes over time.
Factors associated with conversion from laparoscopic to open colectomy using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database.

Aim Conversion rates from laparoscopic to open colectomy and associated factors are traditionally reported in clinical trials or reviews of outcomes from experienced institutions. Indications and selection criteria for laparoscopic colectomy may be more narrowly defined in these circumstances. With the increased adoption of laparoscopy, conversion rates using national data need to be closely examined. The purpose of this study was to use data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) to identify factors associated with conversion of laparoscopic to open colectomy at a national scale in the United States. Method The ACS-NSQIP Participant Use Data Files for 2006–2011 were used to identify patients who had undergone laparoscopic colectomy. Converted cases were identified using open colectomy as the primary procedure and laparoscopic colectomy as ‘other procedure’. Preoperative variables were identified and statistics were calculated using sas version 9.3. Logistic regression was used to model the multivariate relationship between patient variables and conversion status. Results Laparoscopy was successfully performed in 41 585 patients, of whom 2508 (5.8%) required conversion to an open procedure. On univariate analysis the following factors were significant: age, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class, presence of diabetes, smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ascites, stroke, weight loss and chemotherapy (P < 0.05). The following factors remained significant on multivariate analysis: age, BMI, ASA class, smoking, ascites and weight loss. Conclusion Multiple significant factors for conversion from laparoscopic to open colectomy were identified. A novel finding was the increased risk of conversion for underweight patients. As laparoscopic colectomy is become increasingly utilized, factors predictive of conversion to open procedures should be sought via large national cohorts.
Pharmacologic management of HIV/STD exposure.

The emergency physician frequently is called on to evaluate and treat patients—many of whom are healthcare workers—for potential exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Concern over exposure frequently results from accidental exposure to blood or other body fluids but also can follow unprotected sexual activities. Chemoprophylaxis can be very effective if provided early and appropriately. The author reviews the latest recommendations for evaluation and pharmacologic management of potential exposures to HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The ideal management of any infection is to prevent it from occurring. Much effort has been made in the United States to prevent STDs through public education. Despite the public service announcements, billboards, community outreach programs, school programs, and the efforts of many public health agencies, however, transmission of HIV and other STDs continues at a high rate in many communities. Healthcare workers (HCW) are also at risk for HIV through occupational exposure to blood and body fluids (BBF). HCWs in the emergency department (ED) or prehospital setting can be at especially high risk for exposure to blood or body fluids. In addition, HCWs are frequently referred to hospital EDs for immediate treatment of occupational exposures. Emergency physicians should be familiar with the prevention and management of BBF exposures, both for their own protection and to ensure the successful management of exposed HCWs cared for in the ED. Highly effective therapies exist for most sexually transmitted infections. Antimicrobials that are used to treat STDs also can be used to prevent infection in persons exposed through sexual assault or other types of exposure. Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) to prevent HIV infection in persons exposed through needlesticks or other occupational exposures has been used for many years. Combination antiretroviral therapies, such as those used to treat established HIV infection, are now the standard for PEP treatments. These regimens are also being used with increasing frequency for nonoccupational exposures, including sexual exposures to HIV. A series of recommendations for management of occupational or sexual exposures to HIV, as well as exposures to other STDs, has been issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 7,10,13,14 Recommendations have evolved over the last decade, and changes are expected to continue. This article reviews current recommendations for prophylactic treatment of exposures to HIV and other STDs and discusses the scientific basis of these recommendations.
Postischemic Stunning Can Affect Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Regional Wall Motion on Post-Stress Gated Sestamibi Tomograms

Abstract Objectives. This study was designed to investigate whether left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) calculated from post-stress single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) reflects the basal value for LVEF or whether post-stress LVEF is reduced in some patients with stress-induced ischemia. Background. Automated programs are now commercially available for assessing global left ventricular (LV) function from post-stress technetium-99m sestamibi gated SPECT performed >15 min after completion of exercise. Methods. Eighty-one sequential patients who underwent a 2-day stress/rest sestamibi imaging protocol and showed perfusion defects on the post-stress tomogram underwent gated acquisition of the second-day rest tomogram. The post-stress and rest tomographic images were read for presence, location, severity and reversibility of defects by consensus of two to three experienced observers with the aid of circumferential count displays. Defects were scored as mild, moderate or severe and as completely or partially reversible or fixed, and a summed defect severity score was calculated. Of these 81 scans, 20 showed nonreversible perfusion defects (group 3), whereas 61 showed reversible perfusion defects. Post-stress and rest LVEF was calculated from the processed gated SPECT data. From 15 additional patients who underwent rest gated SPECT studies on separate days, serial reproducibility of LVEF values calculated from the gated SPECT data was determined to be ±5.2%. Coronary angiography was performed within 3 months of the scan without intervening events in 47 of 81 patients, including 39 of 61 with reversible perfusion defects. Results. In 22 (36%) of 61 patients with reversible perfusion defects, post-stress LVEF was >5% lower than that at rest (group 2), whereas in the remaining 39 patients, post-stress LVEF was either ±5% or greater than that at rest (group 1). Segmental chordal shortening analysis performed in group 2 studies showed that differences in chordal shortening between rest and post-stress were significantly greater in the reversible perfusion defect territories than in the nonischemic perfusion defect territories ([mean ± SD] 0.14 ± 0.14 vs. 0.02 ± 0.09, respectively, p Conclusions. When the only gated sestamibi scan is the post-stress scan, global and regional LV function will not represent basal LV function in all patients with stress-induced ischemia.
PHYTOCHROME CONVERSION AS AN IN SITU ASSAY FOR EFFECTIVE LIGHT GRADIENTS IN ETIOLATED SEEDLINGS OF Zea mays

—In situ photochemical conversion and measurement of phytochrome can be used as a non-intrusive assay for axial light conduction along etiolated plant tissues of Zea maysL. A computerized single beam spectrophotometer was used to measure phytochrome conversion just below the coleoptilar node following irradiation of the plant shoot with 632 nm light at various distances from the measurement point. Photochemical conversion decreased log-linearly with increasing distance between the irradiation and measurement points. The distance over which the light was attenuated by 50% was 1.80 mm for mesocotyl, 1.60 mm for coleoptile plus primary leaf, and 1.15 mm for primary leaf alone (coleoptile removed). These results verify the photochemical significance of axially conducted light and thereby provide supporting evidence that such light conduction is important for photomorphogenesis.
Remarks, du côté de chez Tarski, on symmetric ternary relations

We point out that the results in [12] are the model-theoretic counterpart of results established syntactically in [3] and [10], and that Martin’s theorem for the Euclidean 3- or higher-dimensional case, established in [5], does not depend on the Beckman-Quarles theorem, and can be rephrased as a result about axiomatizability and definability.
Difference between polarization and analyzing power for 800-MeV n-p elastic scattering: Test of time-reversal invariance

A measurement has been made of the neutron polarization, $P$, from 800-MeV $p\ensuremath{-}n$ quasielastic scattering at 133\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} c.m. This together with previous measurements of the analyzing power, $A$, at the same angle in free $n\ensuremath{-}p$ scattering at 775 MeV constitutes a $P\ensuremath{-}A$ check of time-reversal invariance. No evidence is found for time-reversal invariance violation in $n\ensuremath{-}p$ scattering at medium energies, a clear-cut disagreement with the model predictions of Bryan and Gersten.
Thermodynamics of formation of the triple helix from free chains and from template-constrained chains of collagen-like monodisperse poly(Gly-Pro-Hyp) structures

Statistical thermodynamic methods, developed for treating the α-helix−coil transition, are applied herein to describe the formation of the triple helix from short free chains and short template-constrained chains of collagen-like monodisperse poly(tripeptides), using poly(Gly-Pro-Hyp) as the example. For such short chains, application of the one-helical-sequence approximation indicates that there is very little unwinding from the ends, so that an all-or-none model is adequate to treat this transition. From the dependence of the helix nucleation and propagation parameters on chain length, concentration, and temperature, the thermodynamic parameters for formation of the triple helix from both free chains and template-constrained monodisperse poly(Gly-Pro-Hyp) chains are similar, and also similar to those for free poly(Gly-Pro-Pro) chains.
Individual Differences in Cognitive Style and Discovery Approaches to Learning Mathematics

AbstractIn order to test the hypothesis that field independence would interact with level of guidance, students in five mathematics classes were randomly assigned to either a low guidance or a high guidance treatment group for a week of instruction. Both treatments used an inductive sequence of instruction on the topic of networks. Students were assessed on two aptitudes, field independence and general reasoning. Achievement was significantly better (p > .05) in the high guidance group than the low guidance group on both the posttest and the retention test. No significant interactions with the aptitude variables were found.
Parental bereavement: heterogeneous impacts of AIDS in Thailand

Over the coming decades in Thailand, aging parents whose adult children sicken with AIDS will bear burdens of caregiving and loss. Using demographic microsimulation, we show that the new, lower projections of the HIV/AIDS epidemic still imply that 8% of Thais over the age of 50 in 1995 will lose one or more children to AIDS before their own deaths. The proportion of all losses which are multiple losses can vary from 12% to 33% under a range of assumptions about plausible family-to-family heterogeneity in risks of infection.
Ab initio study of electronic and magnetic properties of the C-codoped Ga 1 − x Mn x N ( 10 1 ¯ 0 ) surface

First principles calculations based on gradient corrected density functional theory have been carried out to study the magnetic coupling between Mn atoms in pure and carbon doped ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}\mathrm{N}$ thin films. We show that the ground state of Mn-doped GaN $(10\overline{1}0)$ thin film, with Mn replacing the Ga sites, is antiferromagnetic but becomes ferromagnetic when it is codoped with C. The interaction between the Mn spins via the delocalized holes introduced by codoping of C at N sites is responsible for this transition. The overlap between Mn $3d$ and C $2p$ in the spin-up band renders half-metallic character to the C codoped (Ga,Mn)N system. The observed ferromagnetism in (Ga,Mn)N thin films is believed to be associated with defects or codoping with other elements during the film growth. The present study provides the theoretical understanding for many recent experiments on the Mn-doped GaN system.
Metabolism of 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propanone, a smoke flavour ketone, in rat.

1. Metabolites of 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propanone (HMP-one), a smoke flavour compound, were isolated from rat urine using hydrolysis, ether extraction, t.l.c. and g.l.c. 2. Three metabolites were identified by mass spectrometry and independent synthesis, namely: 1-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propanone (Met I), 1-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propanol (Met II), and 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propanol (Met III). 3. A g.l.c. method for the quantitative determination of the parent compound and metabolites in urine was devised. Unchanged HMP-one accounted for about 74% dose, with Met I 11%, Met II 5%, and Met III 9%. All compounds were excreted both as sulphate and glucuronide conjugates.
A hypermedia authoring tool for augmented and virtual reality

Most existing hypermedia authoring systems are intended for use on desktop computers. These systems are typically designed for the creation of 2D documents and therefore employ 2D authoring mechanisms. In contrast, authoring systems for nontraditional multimedia/ hypermedia experiences for 3D virtual or augmented worlds focus mainly on creating separate media objects and embedding them within the user's surroundings. As a result, linking these media objects to create 3D hypermedia is a tedious manual task. To address this issue, we present an authoring tool for creating and editing linked 3D hypermedia narratives that are interwoven with a wearable computer user's surrounding environment. Our system is designed for use by authors who are not programmers, and allows them to preview their results on a desktop workstation, as well as with an augmented or virtual reality system.
Dynamics of Contact Angle During Growth and Liftoff of Bubbles at a Single Nucleation Site in Flow Boiling

Contact angle is a critical parameter needed in the mechanistic models for the prediction of flow boiling heat transfer. In this paper, variations of upstream and downstream contact angles for a single vapor bubble in flow boiling on horizontal and vertical surfaces were investigated experimentally. The nucleation site is a well-characterized cavity, which was etched on a highly polished silicon wafer surface using micro-fabrication techniques. Water at one atmosphere pressure was used as the working fluid. Photographic images of the bubble were recorded during its inception, growth and liftoff by using high-speed video system and analyzed by an image-processing program. The results provide clean data on the dependence of upstream and downstream contact angles on surface orientation and flow velocity.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
NEUTRON THRESHOLDS TO RESONANT ANALOGUE STATES.

Abstract The anomalous energy behaviour of the neutron threshold to a resonant analogue state is investigated in detail. The analysis is applied to recently studied reactions of the type A(d, np)A but can equally well be applied to reactions involving other projectiles. To avoid all three-body effects, the reaction is assumed to be a sequential process, i.e. the resonant intermediate analogue state has a finite lifetime. An expression for the energy behaviour at threshold is obtained.
Assessing habitat susceptibility and resistance to invasion by the bioenergy crops switchgrass and Miscanthus × giganteus in California.

One potential externality of the bioeconomy is the unintentional introduction and widespread dissemination of bioenergy crops that become invasive species. As one component of parameterizing risk assessment of invasiveness, we evaluated the colonization, survival, and establishment potential of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and giant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus) in a riparian and dryland habitat in central California, where both species are non-native, under varying levels of soil moisture availability and competition over two years. Survival (<11%) and performance (≤3 tillers) of transplants of both species were poor in the dry upland environment regardless of competitive regime. In contrast, the lowland riparian habitat supported switchgrass (34–61% survival) and giant miscanthus (5–19% survival) transplants, with survival varying based on soil moisture availability and competitive environment. After two years, switchgrass grown without competition in the first year in the lowland habitat produced about six-fold more tillers that were twice as tall and yielded eight times more aboveground biomass than switchgrass growing in an intact resident plant community. In a second experiment, introduced switchgrass seed and giant miscanthus rhizome survival was extremely poor (<20%) in the upland habitat. Our results indicate that dryland regions of California have very high resistance to either switchgrass or giant miscanthus. However, riparian areas, particularly disturbed low competition areas, are capable of supporting the establishment of switchgrass. Though limited in habitat representation, this is the first study to evaluate experimental introductions of bioenergy crops into potentially susceptible habitat.
Phase-dependent electromagnetically induced transparency and its dispersion properties in a four-level quantum well system

The four-level inverted-Y configuration realizable in an asymmetric quantum well system interacting with four fields is studied to demonstrate the phenomenon of phase-dependent electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in this system. The system is studied under various parametric conditions to demonstrate the controllability of EIT, dispersion properties, and group velocity.
Malignant Nonfunctioning Neuroendocrine Neoplasm of the Pancreas in a 10-Year-Old Child

Malignant neoplasms of the pancreas are extremely rare in children and only represent a small percentage of pediatric cancer-related deaths. The paucity of cases reported in the literature, in addition to the lack of understanding of biologic behavior, has led to a lack of consensus concerning optimal management strategy. Presentation differs compared to adult counterparts and generally prognosis is improved even when lymph node metastases occur. Here we review the literature and report the case of a 10-year-old autistic female with a malignant nonfunctioning pancreatic endocrine neoplasm of the head of the pancreas successfully extirpated via pancreaticoduodenectomy.
The Supreme Court versus Peyote: Consciousness Alteration, Cultural Psychiatry and the Dilemma of Contemporary Subcultures

The Native American Church is examined as an illustrative example in the political anthropology of consciousness. Specific attention is paid to the Supreme Court's ignoring of accepted research on this tradition and its sacrament, Peyote, in the case of Employment Division of Oregon v. Smith. An anthropological reaction to the Smith decision is constructed, focusing on ethnographic findings regarding Peyote that contradict the Supreme Court's ethnocentric assumptions. This paper argues that Peyote's Schedule I status is not supported by the ethnographic findings. Peyote, as used in the Native American Church, is recognized as safe and therapeutic. It is also argued that the Supreme Court's rationale for denying Peyotist religious freedom is not supported by the ethnographic findings nor by legal precedent. Not only is the Native American's right to use Peyote a matter of freedom of religion, it also involves other rights such as the right to raise one's children in one's own culture and the right to be treated using a culturally relevant therapeutic modality.
Ideas about infant and toddler care among Russian child care teachers, mothers, and university students☆

Abstract Child care center teachers working with toddlers in Moscow and St. Petersburg, mothers with children in these centers, and psychology students at Moscow State University completed questionnaires about their childrearing ideas and feelings. Correlational analyses revealed positive associations among scales tapping valuing of strict adult control over children, obedience in children, and concern with infant spoiling. Each of these variables in turn was positively correlated with superstitiousness and negatively correlated with belief in the importance of talking to infants. Maternal educational level was inversely related to valuing of peer orientation and rule conformity, and positively related to belief in the importance of talking to infants. Respondent age was unrelated to childrearing ideas. Teachers' and mothers' responses were similar on most of the measures; however, teachers indicated less belief in obedience training and greater valuing of inquisitiveness in children than did mothers. The greatest differences, however, were between students and both mothers and teachers. Students' responses suggested that they held more democratic and modern ideas about childrearing than did mothers and teachers.
High-Fat, High-Cholesterol Diet Raises Plasma Hdl Cholesterol: Studies on the Mechanism of This Effect

Earlier work with human subjects showed that a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet lowered plasma high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and the production rate of apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I). More recent research with transgenic mice demonstrated that a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet raised plasma HDL-C and the production rate of apo A-I by a mechanism involving the regulation of translation of the apo A-I mRNA. The authors conclude that the rise induced in HDL-C by a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet is defensive and therefore, should not be interpreted as a desirable dietary change.
Birefringence images of arbitrarily oriented dislocation lines in (111) silicon wafers

Abstract Using a 50 mW HeNe infrared laser as the light source and a micro channel-plate image intensifier/converter, grown-in dislocations were observed in 2 to 3 mm thick silicon (111) slices. All the dislocations imaged followed the visibility criteria set by Tanner and Fathers (1974) for pure edge dislocations.
Case Report: Acute Renal Vein Thrombosis in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury and Secondary Amyloidosis

Chronic spinal cord injury, when complicated by chronic suppurative infections, has replaced chronic tuberculosis as a leading cause of secondary amyloidosis. Renal involvement with secondary amyloidosis is characterized by the presence of nephrotic range proteinuria and an increased incidence of renal vein thrombosis. Two cases of acute renal vein thrombosis associated with secondary amyloidosis in patients with spinal cord injury are presented. In both cases, a past history of extensive decubitus ulcerations and urinary tract infections preceded the development of nephrotic range proteinuria. In case 1, nonoliguric acute renal failure occurred after the development of acute bilateral renal vein thrombosis. The patient declined dialytic therapy and expired with uremia. In case 2, worsening renal function and increased proteinuria resulted after the development of acute unilateral renal vein thrombosis. These cases include the clinical and anatomic findings of acute renal vein thrombosis that occur as a complication of secondary amyloidosis. Acute renal vein thrombosis should be considered whenever an acute change in renal function or increase in proteinuria is noted in this setting.