cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Asking of Freedom Something Other than Itself: Tocqueville, Putnam, and the Vocation of the Democratic Moralist†

I argue in this article that Robert Putnam's primary strategy for reviving civil society in Bowling Alone is an example of “the doctrine of self-interest properly understood,” a doctrine that Alexis de Tocqueville found prevalent among “American moralists.” By considering him to be a modern version of the American moralist discussed by Tocqueville, new light can be shed on both the merits and the limitations of Putnam's achievement. In addition to using Tocqueville's writings to critically interpret Putnam, I also use Bowling Alone as an occasion to explore—and better understand—Tocqueville's own deep ambivalence toward the “doctrine of self-interest properly understood.” I contrast Putnam's Bowling Alone with Robert Bellah and others' Habits of the Heart. Understanding the important differences between these two self-proclaimed neo-Tocquevillians can help illuminate the promise and the peril of contemporary arguments for reviving civil society that employ the language of self-interest properly understood.
Peer substance involvement modifies genetic influences on regular substance involvement in young women

Aims Peer substance involvement (PSI) is a robust correlate of adolescent substance use. A small number of genetically informative studies suggest that shared genetic and environmental factors contribute to this association. We examine mechanisms by which PSI influences the etiology of regular substance involvement (RSI), particularly in women. Design Population‐based cohort study of twin women from the US Midwest. Participants 2176 twin women. Measurements To examine the relationship between self‐reported PSI during adolescence and a composite RSI representing regular tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use during young adulthood, using genetically informative correlation, moderation and joint correlation‐moderation models. Findings There was evidence for a significant additive genetic X environment interaction. PSI was moderately heritable (h2 = 0.25). Genetic, shared and non‐shared influences on RSI overlapped with influences on PSI (genetic correlation of 0.43). Even after controlling for these shared genetic influences, RSI was more heritable in those reporting greater PSI. Conclusions While young women may select peers based on certain dispositional traits (e.g. permissiveness towards substance use), the social milieu constructed by PSI does modify the architecture of increased RSI in those individuals with increasing levels of PSI being associated with stronger expression of heritable influences.
On the Mapping of Multivariate Geophysical Fields: Sensitivities to Size, Scales, and Dynamics

Abstract The effects of a priori parameters on the error subspace estimation and mapping methodology introduced by P. F. J. Lermusiaux et al. is investigated. The approach is three-dimensional, multivariate, and multiscale. The sensitivities of the subspace and a posteriori fields to the size of the subspace, scales considered, and nonlinearities in the dynamical adjustments are studied. Applications focus on the mesoscale to subbasin-scale physics in the northwestern Levantine Sea during 10 February–15 March and 19 March–16 April 1995. Forecasts generated from various analyzed fields are compared to in situ and satellite data. The sensitivities to size show that the truncation to a subspace is efficient. The use of criteria to determine adequate sizes is emphasized and a back-of-the-envelope rule is outlined. The sensitivities to scales confirm that, for a given region, smaller scales usually require larger subspaces because of spectral redness. However, synoptic conditions are also shown to strongly inf...
Patent ductus arteriosus ligation and pulmonary artery banding in a kitten.

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and ventricular septal defect were diagnosed in a 2-month-old, 0.9-kg, male kitten. This combination of PDA and ventricular septal defect in a cat has not been previously described. Surgical ligation of the PDA, together with palliation of the ventricular septal defect by pulmonary artery banding with a silastic band, successfully improved the kitten’s condition.
Abstract PL05-01: Translational pharmacogenomics

Neoplasia appears to develop stochastically through a series of variable genetic events that drive multiple cycles of cellular adaptation and selection. This pathological cellular evolution produces variable cancer genomes that are characterized with structural complexity and clonal heterogeneity. Most importantly for drug discovery and development, common recurrent genetic events appear to be only the ‘tip of the iceberg’, and the next generation of genomic technologies are now revealing that most functionally relevant genetic aberrations are in fact not common or recurrent. Given this challenge of cellular and molecular heterogeneity, we have begun to explore new paradigms for translating genomic information into pharmacologically relevant insights to guide drug discovery and development. This presentation will introduce new technologies and integrated strategies to generate the necessary type of information from cancer genomes, and introduce a new ‘biointelligence’ based strategy for interpreting individual cancer genomes to gain insights into contextual dependencies and pharmacologically relevant vulnerabilities. In support of this new approach to genomics, emerging evidence is suggesting that the highly variable genetic events do converge on higher level concepts that represent shared pharmacologically tractable contexts of vulnerability. Finally, a scientific vision will be presented for practically applying these integrated pharmacogenomic strategies; a) in research to accelerate cancer drug discovery and development, and b) directly into clinical practice to support more precise medical genomics. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):PL05-01.
Effect of processing parameters on microstructure and tensile properties of austenitic stainless steel 304L made by directed energy deposition additive manufacturing

Abstract The effect of processing parameters on the mechanical properties of AISI 304L stainless steel components fabricated using laser-based directed energy deposition additive manufacturing (AM) was investigated. Two walls were fabricated, with high linear heat inputs of 271 and 377 J/mm, to determine the effect of processing parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of 304L made by AM. Uniaxial tension tests were performed on samples extracted from the walls in longitudinal and transverse directions. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and ductility, were higher in the lower linear heat input wall compared to the higher linear heat input wall. The ductility in the longitudinal direction was less than that in the transverse direction, while there was no clear anisotropy in strength. A grain growth model adapted from welding was used to interpret and predict the grain sizes in the walls as a function of processing parameters and position. A Hall–Petch relationship was used to explain the effect of local grain size and morphology on the location- and direction-dependent yield strengths in each wall. The ultimate tensile strengths and elongations of the material made by AM were less than those of annealed 304L plate since a microstructural phase transformation from austenite to martensite, which provides a mechanism for significant macroscopic strain hardening, occurred in the annealed material, but not the material made by AM. Chemical analysis showed that walls made by AM had higher nitrogen content, which stabilizes the austenitic phase, than the annealed plate.
EFFECT OF CROWDING ON HYPERTENSION AND GROWTH IN RATS BEARING REGENERATING ADRENALS.

Summary1. Uninephrectomized, salt-treated rats bearing regenerating adrenals and grouped 3 to a cage developed significantly higher blood pressure than corresponding rats caged singly. Absence of thymic involution in the grouped, adrenal-enucleated rats lends further support to the thesis that the development of hypertensive disease under these conditions is through the secretion of a steroid other than corticosterone. 2. The enhancement of hypertension by crowding occurred in the face of lower dietary and saline consumption and smaller weight gain than was observed in controls housed singly. Similar, but much less consistent changes occurred in intact grouped rats drinking saline or tap water. 3. These observations support the hypothesis that increased population density augments blood pressure levels attained in rats bearing regenerating adrenal glands.
The Relationship between Employer-Paid Health Insurance and Job-Change Among People with Disabilities

Objective: This research investigates the role of employer-paid health insurance (EHI) in reducing job-change probabilities among workers with disabilities. Methods: With an analytical sample of 42,158, this analysis utilizes multiple panels of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey spanning the years 2004 through 2009. Findings: Overall, workers without EHI are 2.9 times more likely to change jobs than those with EHI and workers with disabilities are 1.4 times more likely to change jobs compared to their counterparts. The EHI and disability status interact synergistically; employees with disabilities without EHI are 4 times more likely to change jobs than their peers without disabilities who receive EHI. Compared to this, workers without disabilities who do not receive EHI are 3.5 times more likely to change jobs than their peers who receive EHI. Conclusion: These findings have implications for employers as they consider changes to their benefit packages with full implementation of the Affordable Care Act, especially concerning its impact on tenure of workers seasoned workers with disabilities.
Unscented Kalman filter applied to helicopter navigation system

To suppress wind disturbance during helicopter navigation,a method of establishing a helicopter trajectory model is proposed to describe its flight of fixed altitude precisely by means of nonlinear state equations.The model is based on CV motion model.The unscented kalman filter(UKF) was designed on the basis of the model to process the trajectory including wind noise,which can improve the volatility of the trajectory.The simulation results of UKF are of higher accuracy and significant effects,which have overcome the shortcomings of traditional filters led by truncation errors and other factors.Moreover,the calculation of UKF is fast and easy to be implemented.Such that it has a great reference value in engineering application.
Giant congenital pigmented nevus complicated with vitiligo:a case report

A17year-old female presented black-brown patches on trunk a ft er birth.The scattered hypopigmented patches began to appear6years ago,and sp read to the whole body.Histopathologic section of black-brown patch showed nev us cells confirmed by S-100and HMB45staining.The single or compound melan osomes were found in those cells by ul tra-structural observation.Langerhans c ells were absent in the area between the black patch and hypopigmented patch.
The Effects of Cold Acclimation and Ca~(2+) Signal on the Synthesis of Antifreeze Proteins and the Freezing Tolerance of Cells in Carrot(Daucus carotz)

The culture of callus and cell suspension induced from buds of carrot,on solid and in liquid culture medium(MS±2.4D_1) respectively,was successful.After cold(4—5℃)acclimation for 10 days,proteins from the liquid suspension cell culture medium were detected by SDS-PAGE.The result of SDS-PAGE showed that the amount of the secreted 36 kD protein of suspension cells in cold acclimation with LaCl_3 and EGTA reagent is reducing. Correspondingly;the Freezing resistance of the two treatments was reduced.Furthermore,by western-blotting,the 36 kD protein is one antifreeze protein and is regulated by Ca~(2+) signal system in cold acclimation.This is the first report about the relationship among antifreeze proteins,Ca~(2+) signal and the freezing hardiness in plant cells.
Chemical constituents of EN-22,an endophytic fungus derived from the marine red alga Polysiphonia urceolata

From the fermentation culture of an endophytic fungus EN-22 that was derived from the marine red alga Polysiphonia urceolata, fifteen compounds were isolated by column chromatography separation on the normal phase silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, and by the preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) as well as by re-crystallization. Structures of all purified compounds were elucidated by analysis of their spectroscopic data including MS, 1D and 2D NMR to be 4-(4-Quinolyl)-4 hydroxy-2-butanone (1) , 3-hydroxy-3-(2-oxopropyl)indo- lin-2-on (2), 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanol (3), 1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid (4), 2-hydroxy-3-(1H-indol-3-yl) propanoic acid (5), 2-hydroxy-1-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanone (6), 3,3-di(1H-indol-3-yl)propane-1,2-diol (7), β-carbolines (8), uracil (9), cyclo-(S-Pro-S-Ile) (10), (22E,24R)-3β,5α,9α-trihydroxy-ergosta-7,22-diene-6-one (11), 22E,24R-5α,6α-epoxyergosta-8,22-dien-3β,7α-diol (12), 5α,6α-epoxy-24(R)-methylcholesta-7,22-dien-3β-ol (13), daucosterol(14), and ergosterol peroxide (15). Compounds 1 and 2 were reported as new natural products.
Compact single-layer depolarizing chipless RFID tag

We present the first single layer depolarizing chipless RFID tag. The tag is formed by a set of asymmetric hairpin resonators, improving the tag's coding density when compared with previous depolarizing tags. The single layer characteristics of the tags make it possible to print them directly on items or embed them in low profile objects like documents. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1897–1900, 2016
Leiomyoma in an atrophic kidney.

Abstract A case of leiomyoma in an atrophic kidney is reported. A review of the literature failed to reveal another such case.
The Influence of the Local Geometry of Fermi Surfaces on Quantum Oscillations of the Velocity of Sound in Metals

Intensive studies of the effect of quantizing the orbital motion of electrons in strong magnetic fields on the observable characteristics of ultrasound waves propagating in metals were started from the theoretical prediction (see [20]) of giant quantum oscillations of the ultrasonic absorption coefficient and the following observation of such oscillations in experiments. Some important aspects of the theory of quantum oscillations of the velocity and absorption coefficient of ultrasound were analyzed in [126], [152]–[157].
Update on Diarrhea.

1. Nicholas J. CaJacob, MD*,† 2. Mitchell B. Cohen, MD*,† 1. *Departments of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and 2. †Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL. The mainstay of management of infectious diarrheal illness in children remains supportive care with oral or intravenous rehydration. In the postvaccine era, norovirus has supplanted rotavirus as the leading cause of gastroenteritis presenting to medical facilities in the United States. After reading this article, the reader should be able to: 1. Recognize the common pathogens associated with infectious diarrhea and develop a management plan. 2. Identify the key differences between infectious and noninfectious causes of diarrhea. 3. Effectively treat a child with cow milk protein intolerance. 4. Recognize that antidiarrheal and antimotility agents are not indicated or recommended in the treatment of infectious diarrhea. 5. Understand the changing epidemiology of infectious diarrhea in the postvaccine era. Diarrhea is a worldwide problem that is frequently encountered in the practice of pediatric medicine. According to the World Health Organization, diarrheal illness is the second leading cause of death in children younger than age 5 years, accounting for 760,000 deaths per year in this age group. (1) The overwhelming majority of diarrheal illnesses are due to acute infectious diarrhea, commonly referred to as acute gastroenteritis (AGE). The degree of dehydration, assessed by both history and physical examination, is the most important indicator of disease severity. However, most children who have infectious diarrhea are not dehydrated and can be successfully treated at home with replacement of ongoing fluid losses using oral rehydration solution (ORS). The routine use of antibiotics and antidiarrheal agents is not recommended for treatment of acute diarrhea and may cause harm. Restrictive diets are not necessary; the adverse effects on nutritional status during diarrheal illness can be lessened or prevented by rapid reinstitution of a regular …
Uncertainty quantification for optical model parameters

Background: Although uncertainty quantification has been making its way into nuclear theory, these methods have yet to be explored in the context of reaction theory. For example, it is well known that different parameterizations of the optical potential can result in different cross sections, but these differences have not been systematically studied and quantified.Purpose: The purpose of this work is to investigate the uncertainties in nuclear reactions that result from fitting a given model to elastic-scattering data, as well as to study how these uncertainties propagate to the inelastic and transfer channels.Method: We use statistical methods to determine a best fit and create corresponding 95% confidence bands. A simple model of the process is fit to elastic-scattering data and used to predict either inelastic or transfer cross sections. In this initial work, we assume that our model is correct, and the only uncertainties come from the variation of the fit parameters.Results: We study a number of reactions involving neutron and deuteron projectiles with energies in the range of 5--25 MeV/u, on targets with mass $A=12--208$. We investigate the correlations between the parameters in the fit. The case of deuterons on $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ is discussed in detail: the elastic-scattering fit and the prediction of $^{12}\mathrm{C}$($d,p$)$^{13}\mathrm{C}$ transfer angular distributions, using both uncorrelated and correlated ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}$ minimization functions. The general features for all cases are compiled in a systematic manner to identify trends.Conclusions: Our work shows that, in many cases, the correlated ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}$ functions (in comparison to the uncorrelated ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}$ functions) provide a more natural parameterization of the process. These correlated functions do, however, produce broader confidence bands. Further optimization may require improvement in the models themselves and/or more information included in the fit.
Deregulation of c-Myc in Primary Effusion Lymphoma by KSHV LANA.

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, which is associated with infection by Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8). PELs lack expression of B-cell markers and rearrangements in common oncogenes. c-Myc is a transcription factor that plays an important role in cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Lymphomas frequently have deregulated c-Myc expression due to chromosomal translocations, amplifications or abnormal stabilization. However, no structural abnormalities were found in the c-Myc oncogene in PELs. Given that c-Myc is often involved in lymphomagenesis, we hypothesized that it is deregulated in PELs. We report that PELs have abnormally stable c-Myc protein. Normally, the turnover of c-Myc protein is stringently regulated by post-transcriptional modifications, which include phosphorylation of c-Myc threonine 58 (T58) by glycogen synthase-3 beta (GSK-3 beta). Our data show that the impaired c-Myc degradation in PELs is associated with drastic underphosphorylation of c-Myc T58. The KSHV latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) is responsible for this deregulation. Overexpression of LANA in HEK 293 cells leads to abnormal stabilization of c-Myc protein and inhibition of GSK-3 beta-mediated phosphorylation of c-Myc T58. LANA also increases c-Myc protein, but not RNA levels when overexpressed in primary B cells. Conversely, when LANA is eliminated from PELs using RNA interference, there is a post-transcriptional effect leading to a reduction in c-Myc protein. The ability of LANA to prolong the half-life of c-Myc might play an important role in the pathobiology of PEL.
Holistic disaster recovery approach for big data NoSQL workloads

In recent years, NoSQL databases have emerged as an answer to Internet scale datasets. However, these solutions do not support out of the box the necessary backup, restore and disaster recovery capabilities required by many big data scenarios. In this paper we address this gap: we present a novel disaster recovery approach designed for big data NoSQL workloads. This approach can support low recovery point and time objectives at low costs. Our approach is highly scalable and elastic, based on open source components and suitable for any document-based NoSQL solution, which makes it highly attractive for diverse big data workloads.
Developing a standardized healthcare cost data warehouse

Research addressing value in healthcare requires a measure of cost. While there are many sources and types of cost data, each has strengths and weaknesses. Many researchers appear to create study-specific cost datasets, but the explanations of their costing methodologies are not always clear, causing their results to be difficult to interpret. Our solution, described in this paper, was to use widely accepted costing methodologies to create a service-level, standardized healthcare cost data warehouse from an institutional perspective that includes all professional and hospital-billed services for our patients. The warehouse is based on a National Institutes of Research–funded research infrastructure containing the linked health records and medical care administrative data of two healthcare providers and their affiliated hospitals. Since all patients are identified in the data warehouse, their costs can be linked to other systems and databases, such as electronic health records, tumor registries, and disease or treatment registries. We describe the two institutions’ administrative source data; the reference files, which include Medicare fee schedules and cost reports; the process of creating standardized costs; and the warehouse structure. The costing algorithm can create inflation-adjusted standardized costs at the service line level for defined study cohorts on request. The resulting standardized costs contained in the data warehouse can be used to create detailed, bottom-up analyses of professional and facility costs of procedures, medical conditions, and patient care cycles without revealing business-sensitive information. After its creation, a standardized cost data warehouse is relatively easy to maintain and can be expanded to include data from other providers. Individual investigators who may not have sufficient knowledge about administrative data do not have to try to create their own standardized costs on a project-by-project basis because our data warehouse generates standardized costs for defined cohorts upon request.
Rubber (SEBS-g-MA) Toughened Flame-Retardant Polyamide 6: Microstructure, Combustion, Extension, and Izod Impact Behavior

In this study, elastomer toughening is explored as a means of recovering ductility of polyamide 6/intumescent flame-retardant composite systems. This was achieved using a maleic anhydride modified ...
De Novo Whole-Genome Sequence of Pantoea latae Strain AS1, Isolated from Zamia floridana Rhizosphere in Central Florida, USA.

ABSTRACT Pantoea latae strain AS1 was isolated from the rhizophere of a cycad, Zamia floridana, in central Florida, USA. Here, we report the de novo whole-genome sequence of this strain, which consists of a total of 83 contigs spanning 4,960,415 bp, with a G+C content of 59.6%, and comprising 4,527 predicted coding sequences.
Effect of long-term operation on membrane surface characteristics and performance in membrane distillation

Abstract In this study, significant changes to surface morphology and decreased surface hydrophobicity were observed on both the feed and distillate sides of membrane distillation membranes after 100 days of operation. Contact angles decreased by 56% and 26% on the feed and distillate sides, respectively. Surface roughness also decreased by 92% and 57% on the feed and distillate sides, respectively. Moderate morphological changes were also observed after 20 days of operation. While decreased hydrophobicity and surface roughness on the feed side were associated with fouling/scaling deposits and not changes to the actual membrane surface, decreased hydrophobicity and surface roughness on the distillate side indicated changes to the actual membrane surface. Often, membrane hydrophobicity is assumed to be recoverable if foulants can be removed; however, if membrane hydrophobicity decreases due to physical changes in the membrane surface, hydrophobicity may not be fully recoverable and membrane lifetime may be reduced. Despite significant reductions in feed-side hydrophobicity, distillate conductivity remained low, indicating that other membrane characteristics, such as distillate-side and internal or pore wall hydrophobicity, may play an important role in maintaining rejection during long-term operation.
Seismic Forces in Ancillary Components Supported on Piers and Wharves

This paper presents a simple procedure to estimate seismic forces in ancillary components (secondary systems) supported on marine structures such as piers, wharves, and marine oil terminals (primar...
Diagnostic Advantages of Fluoroscopic Monitoring During Urodynamic Evaluation

Clinical abnormalities of micturition exist in which measurements of urethral, bladder and rectal pressures, and electromyography determination do not allow a precise diagnosis. The diagnostic accuracy of urodynamic evaluation can be improved by the addition of fluoroscopic monitoring. It allows the detection of even small amounts of urinary leakage, the recognition of disassociation of electromyography activity of the pelvic floor musculature, the diagnosis of dysfunction of the smooth muscular urethral sphincter and the accurate localization of urethral obstruction. In our experience fluoroscopy is essential to accurate interpretation of urodynamic results.
Formulating concepts according to purpose

Explanation-Based Generalization (EBG) has been recently a much-explored method of generalization. By utilizing domain knowledge, and knowledge of the concept being learned, EBG produced a valid generalization from a single example. Most EBG systems are currently provided with the concept being learned - or target concept- as a fixed input. A more robust generalization mechanism needs the ability to automatically formulate appropriate target concepts based on the purpose of the learning, since concepts learned for one purpose may not be appropriate for another. This paper introduced a technique and an implemented system that automatically formulate target concepts and their specialized definitions. In particular, the technique derives definitions of everyday artifacts (e.g. CUP), from information about the purpose for which agents intend to use them (e.g. to satisfy their thirst). Given two different purposes for which an agent might use a cup (e.g. as an ornament, versus to satisfy thirst), two different definitions can be derived.
Screen Savers as an Adjunct to Medical Education on Patient Safety

Article-at-a-Glance Background Many health care organizations use screen savers on the computer terminals in patient care areas to provide educational messages and announcements for staff and patients. The effectiveness of screen savers for educating medical students about patient safety was investigated. Methods Screen savers were designed to teach 10 patient safety concepts based on The Joint Commission's National Patient Safety Goals. Two similar academic medical centers, one which already had a screen-saver system and one which did not, were selected for the study. The third-year medical students rotating at the intervention medical center were exposed to the patient safety screen savers throughout their three-to-four-week rotations, while students rotating at the control site were not. All students were given a multiple choice test of patient safety concepts before the start of their first rotation and again after its completion. Results The median pretest score for the intervention and control groups was 45% (interquartile range [IQR], 40%–55%) and 40% (IQR, 35%–50%), respectively. The median improvement in test scores was 15% for both the 11 students in the control group (IQR, 10%–25%) and the 27 students in the intervention group (IQR: 10%–20%)—both at p Conclusions Students showed some improvement in patient safety knowledge after completing their first clinical rotation, regardless of screen-saver exposure. This improvement was likely due to general exposure to appropriate safety practices as exhibited by housestaff and faculty. Despite the widespread use of screen savers, no evidence was provided that they are an effective method for teaching patient safety concepts to medical students. Further research is needed to determine whether they are effective for medical education in other situations.
An Interactive NLP Tool for Signout Note Preparation

We present an interactive approach to ease the construction, review, and revision of Natural Language Processing models for extractive summarization. To demonstrate our approach, we propose an interactive tool to be used by clinicians to identify text for inclusion in brief patient summaries ("signout notes") from full-text patient notes. Lessons learned from the development and evaluation of this tool will provide insight into the generalized design of interactive NLP systems for wider clinical applications.
Nanoscale Atomic Distortions in the BiS2 Superconductors: Ferrodistortive Sulfur Modes

The discovery of phonon-mediated superconductivity in the BiS2 class led to a renewed interest in compounds that exhibit a strong structure-property relationship due to its intrinsic disorder. The ...
Serum and tissue pregnanes and pregnenes after dexamethasone treatment of cows in late gestation

Dexamethasone (DEX) initiates parturition by inducing progesterone withdrawal and affecting placental steroidogenesis, but the effects of DEX in fetal and maternal tissue steroid synthetic capacity remains poorly investigated. Blood was collected from cows at 270 days of gestation before DEX or saline (SAL) treatment, and blood and tissues were collected at slaughter 38 h later. Steroid concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to detect multiple steroids including 5α-reduced pregnane metabolites of progesterone. The activities of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSD) in cotyledonary and luteal microsomes and mitochondria and cotyledonary microsomal 5α-reductase were assessed. Quantitative PCR was used to further assess transcripts encoding enzymes and factors supporting steroidogenesis in cotyledonary and luteal tissues. Serum progesterone, pregnenolone, 5α-dihydroprogesterone (DHP) and allopregnanolone (3αDHP) concentrations (all 100-fold higher in luteal than cotyledonary tissues, and serum and luteal concentrations were highly correlated in DEX-treated cows. 3βHSD activity was >5-fold higher in luteal than cotyledonary tissue, microsomes had more 3βHSD than mitochondria in luteal tissue but equal in cotyledonary sub-cellular fractions. DEX did not affect either luteal or cotyledonary 3βHSD activity but luteal steroidogenic enzyme transcripts were lower in DEX-treated cows. DEX induced functional luteal regression and progesterone withdrawal before any changes in placental pregnene/pregnane synthesis and/or metabolism were detectable.
Beyond mothers, monsters, whores: Gender and terrorism in Helena Taberna’s Yoyes (2000)

When women choose to participate in violent or subversive organizations, they invert gender binaries and enter into what has traditionally been considered to be a male sphere. Both fictional and no...
Superfood as spatial fix: the ascent of the almond

In the twenty-first century, a widening array of unassuming fruits, vegetables, seeds and grains have been crowned “superfoods.” While many are exotic imports marketed to Western consumers through neocolonial narratives, others are familiar domestically-grown supermarket staples spectacularly rebranded. Why has “superfood” status become so central to the American produce industry? What sort of subjectivities does a superfood cultivate among consumers? This paper charts the ascent of the almond to superfood status as the latest in a series of spatial fixes alleviating the pains of chronic overproduction. The spatial-fix is a material-semiotic process with important psychosocial dimensions often downplayed in the historical materialist tradition. Drawing on historical archives, advertising materials, interviews with current and recently retired almond industry marketing professionals, and observation at the annual industry conference from 2015 to 2018, I show that as almond production surges the industry must constantly work to change the way consumers see almonds (from seasonal specialty to superfood) and the way they see themselves (from sophisticated to superhuman). While consumers resist and reinterpret the shifts in food meanings fashioned to compensate for overproduction, a century of effective material-semiotic fixes attests to the industry’s influence on foodways. The case of almonds is used here to theorize the broader superfood trend and its imagined “super” subjects as produced through the political economy of industrial agriculture. Understanding the political economic underpinnings of superfoods reveals not only the historical foundation of this contested contemporary food phenomenon, but also sheds light on the metamorphoses of food meanings fundamental to agrarian capitalism.
High Frequency Broadcasters Consider Block and Spot Revenue Approachesalong with Cost Containment Tactics to Improve Profitability

High frequency broadcasters begin to consider block and spot approaches to revenue management along with tactics to contain costs. A decline in publicly funded shortwave broadcasters coincides with this interest in profitability. Many for-profit broadcasters began entering the market in the last five to ten years using frequencies and transmitters vacated by government entities. Public broadcasters remaining in the industry must now consider revenue sources to replace shortfalls in government funding. A description and brief history of the high frequency radio sector provides a backdrop for understanding the evolution of the financial management approaches confronting the sector. Calculating revenue differentials for the block and spot approach will illustrate tradeoffs broadcasters should consider when seeking to improve revenue, contain cost and raise profitability.
Exposure Therapies and Stress Inoculation: A Brief Overview

Exposure therapies represent the most empirically supported treatments for anxiety and related disorders. Furthermore, stress inoculation training (SIT) uses exposure techniques to inoculate at-risk populations from anticipated stress. Unique iterations of exposure exist for each disorder, population, and patient, yet foundational elements span diagnostic categories. In the broadest sense, exposure therapies are a group of treatments that use the presentation of feared stimuli as a therapeutic tool. This article addresses the theoretical models, the common elements of practice, limitations, and future directions of exposure therapy.
Binge-Watching Serial Video Content: Exploring the Subjective Phenomenology of the Binge-Watching Experience

This study examined psychological constructs related to the subjective experience of binge-watching serial video content. The results underscore the centrality of transportation in shaping viewers’...
Multiomics Integration Elucidates Metabolic Modulators of Drug Resistance in Lymphoma

Abstract Background Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). B-cell NHLs rely on Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) mediated B-cell receptor signaling for survival and disease progression. However, they are often resistant to BTK inhibitors or soon acquire resistance after drug exposure resulting in the drug tolerant form. The drug tolerant clones proliferate faster, have increased metabolic activity, and shift to oxidative phosphorylation; however, how this metabolic programming occurs in the drug resistant tumor is poorly understood. Methods In this study, we explored for the first time the metabolic regulators of ibrutinib-resistant activated B-cell (ABC) DLBCL using a ‘multi-omics’ analysis that integrated metabolomics (using high-resolution mass spectrometry) and transcriptomic (gene expression analysis). Overlay of the unbiased statistical analyses, genetic perturbation and pharmaceutical inhibition, were further used to identify the key players that contribute to the metabolic reprograming of the drug resistant clone. Results Gene-metabolite integration revealed interleukin 4 induced 1 (IL4I1) at the crosstalk of two significantly altered metabolic pathways involved in the production of various amino acids. We showed for the first time that drug resistant clones undergo metabolic reprogramming from glycolysis towards oxidative phosphorylation & is activated via the BTK-PI3K-AKT-IL4I1 axis and can be targeted therapeutically. Conclusions Our report shows how these cells become dependent on PI3K/AKT signaling for survival after acquiring ibrutinib resistance and shift to sustained Oxidative phosphorylation, additionally we outline the compensatory, pathway that regulates this metabolic reprogramming in the drug resistant cells. These findings from our unbiased analyses highlight the role of metabolic reprogramming during drug resistance development. Furthermore, our work demonstrates that a multi-omics approach can be a powerful and unbiased strategy to uncover genes and pathways that drive metabolic dysregulation in cancer cells.
Sustainability Certification and Green Public Procurement: Ideals and Outcomes in a New Jersey School District:

The implementation of sustainability and green public procurement (GPP) initiatives in school districts has been the subject of some debate; questions over definitions and programme goals have led ...
Effects of differential measurement error in self-reported diet in longitudinal lifestyle intervention studies.

BACKGROUND Lifestyle intervention studies often use self-reported measures of diet as an outcome variable to measure changes in dietary intake. The presence of measurement error in self-reported diet due to participant failure to accurately report their diet is well known. Less familiar to researchers is differential measurement error, where the nature of measurement error differs by treatment group and/or time. Differential measurement error is often present in intervention studies and can result in biased estimates of the treatment effect and reduced power to detect treatment effects. Investigators need to be aware of the impact of differential measurement error when designing intervention studies that use self-reported measures. METHODS We use simulation to assess the consequences of differential measurement error on the ability to estimate treatment effects in a two-arm randomized trial with two time points. We simulate data under a variety of scenarios, focusing on how different factors affect power to detect a treatment effect, bias of the treatment effect, and coverage of the 95% confidence interval of the treatment effect. Simulations use realistic scenarios based on data from the Trials of Hypertension Prevention Study. Simulated sample sizes ranged from 110-380 per group. RESULTS Realistic differential measurement error seen in lifestyle intervention studies can require an increased sample size to achieve 80% power to detect a treatment effect and may result in a biased estimate of the treatment effect. CONCLUSIONS Investigators designing intervention studies that use self-reported measures should take differential measurement error into account by increasing their sample size, incorporating an internal validation study, and/or identifying statistical methods to correct for differential measurement error.
Abstract 17691: Inhibition of Na/K-ATPase Signaling Regulates Cardiac C-Kit Cell Expression in Mice with Chronic Kidney Dysfunction

Introduction: Na/K-ATPase (NKA) has been shown to regulate cell survival and causes cardiac remodeling through its signaling pathway. Our previous publications have shown that genetic reduction of NKA attenuates cell survival signaling, potentiates myocyte apoptosis, and increases c-kit cell number in mice receiving 5/6th partial nephrectomy (PNx) surgery. Hypothesis: To test if inhibition of NKA signaling increases cardiac cell death and triggers activation of c-kit cells, we subjected heterozygous mice with genetic reduction of the NKA α1 subunit (α1+/-) and their wild type (WT) litter mates to the PNx surgical model of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: Twelve weeks after PNx surgery, these mice were injected biweekly with pNaKtide, a peptide that specifically inhibits NKA related Src signaling, at a dose of 25mg/kg. Mice injected with same volume of saline were used as controls. Mice were then sacrificed 16 weeks post PNx surgery. Results: The experimental results showed that PNx induces significa...
Forecasting the Term Structures of Treasury and Corporate Yields: Dynamic Nelson-Siegel Models Evaluation

We extend Diebold and Li's dynamic Nelson-Siegel three-factor model to a broader empirical prospective by including the evaluation of state-space approach, and using nine different ratings of corporate bonds. We find that the dynamic Nelson-Siegel factor AR(1) model outperforms other competitors on the out-of-sample forecast accuracy, especially on the investment-grade bonds in the short-term forecast horizon and on the high-yield bonds in the long-term forecast horizon. The dynamic Nelson-Siegel factor state-space model, however, becomes appealing on the high-yield bonds in the short-term forecast horizon, in which the factor dynamics are more likely time-varying and the parameter instability is more probable in the model specification.
Renal monocyte-derived dendritic cells extend processes into the intravascular lumen (MUC7P.754)

Dendritic cells (DCs) have been shown to extend cellular processes that sample antigen (Ag) at barrier surfaces such as the epidermis and gut mucosa. Here, we tested the hypothesis that DCs in the kidney, a non-barrier organ, extend cellular processes into the blood vessel lumen, potentially allowing them to sample intravascular Ag. Flow cytometric analysis of the mouse kidney revealed multiple DC subsets (Lineage-(CD19,CD90,NK1.1,Ly-6G)CD45+CD11c+MHCII+cells). Among these, monocyte-derived DCs (mono-DC: CD11b+F4/80- DC) were the majority at ~68%. Two-photon intravital microscopy (2-PIM) of CD11c-eYFP (DCs express YFP) and CX3CR1-GFP (monocytic-lineage cells express GFP) mouse kidneys showed identical cellular networks located between the endothelial and epithelial cell layers. 2-PIM of CD11c-eYFP x CX3CR1-GFP mouse kidneys, where mono-DCs express GFP and YFP, revealed that this network is mainly composed of mono-DCs. The mono-DC network encased renal post-capillary venules. High-resolution image stacks of mouse kidneys showed DCs extending processes into the lumina of post-capillary venules. Intravascular filling defects, as well as capture of intravascularly retained, anti-CD11c-coated beads by mono-DCs, confirmed the above finding. Our data indicate that in the kidney, mono-DCs extend processes into the lumina of postcapillary venules. This suggests a role for the kidney in immune surveillance of the blood.
Edward N. Lorenz (1917-2008)

A pioneer of chaos theory had a remarkable ability to distill complex systems to their physical essence.
Destined for an Epic Fail: The Problematic Guantánamo Military Commissions

Guantanamo trial proceedings under the Military Commissions Act of 2009 reflect substantial improvement over those originally envisioned by the Bush administration, but still fall short of recognized legal standards. This article provides the most comprehensive critique of the current Obama administration commissions to date. It identifies key procedural deficiencies undermining their legitimacy, including excessive concentration of authority in the convening authority, limits on the right to counsel of choice, systemic inequalities between prosecution and defense, abuses of classification authority, and potential use of statements obtained through coercion, if not outright torture.Flaws in the substantive law are even more significant. Without valid jurisdiction, any trial is a legal nullity, and procedure becomes irrelevant. The Guantanamo tribunals necessarily draw their authority from the law of war, yet most charges levied to date fail to constitute recognized war crimes. Some charged conduct falls outside the temporal or legal scope of any recognized conflict. Law of war reliance also permits the invocation of unique defenses, including arguments that terrorist targets were valid objects of attack and that civilian deaths were permissible “collateral damage,” unavailable in ordinary criminal prosecutions. Pending cases drag through interminable pre-trial proceedings as every aspect of their untested procedure and jurisdiction is subject to challenge, while federal courts continue to routinely return convictions and long sentences in terrorism cases. Moreover, the commissions will be subject to years of additional post-trial and collateral challenges as well. They have already failed one major test before the Supreme Court and two before the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals, and the future predictably holds more of the same.
Baseline Risk Factors that Predict the Development of Open-angle Glaucoma in a Population: The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study

Objective To determine which baseline sociodemographic, lifestyle, anthropometric, clinical, and ocular risk factors predict the development of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in an adult population. Design A population-based, prospective cohort study. Participants A total of 3772 self-identified Latinos aged ≥40 years from Los Angeles, California, who were free of OAG at baseline. Methods Participants from the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study had standardized study visits at baseline and 4-year follow-up with structured interviews and a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination. We defined OAG as the presence of an open angle and a glaucomatous visual field abnormality and/or evidence of glaucomatous optic nerve damage in ≥1 eye. Multivariate logistic regression with stepwise selection was performed to determine which potential baseline risk factors independently predict the development of OAG. Main Outcome Measures Odds ratios for various risk factors. Results Over the 4-year follow-up, 87 participants developed OAG. The baseline risk factors that predict the development of OAG include older age (odds ratio [OR] per decade, 2.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.74–2.75; P P P P = 0.050), higher waist-to-hip ratio (OR per 0.05 higher, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.05–1.39; P = 0.007) and lack of vision insurance (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.26–3.41; P = 0.004). Conclusions Despite a mean baseline IOP of 14 mmHg in Latinos, higher IOP is an important risk factor for developing OAG. Biometric measures suggestive of less structural support such as longer axial length and thin central corneal thickness were identified as important risk factors. Lack of health insurance reduces access to eye care and increases the burden of OAG by reducing the likelihood of early detection and treatment of OAG. Financial Disclosure(s) The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any of the materials discussed in this article.