cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CLASSROOM-BASED FUNCTIONAL AND ADJUNCTIVE ASSESSMENTS: PROACTIVE APPROACHES TO INTERVENTION SELECTION FOR ADOLESCENTS WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

The present investigation evaluated the utility of classroom-based functional and adjunctive assessments of problem behaviors for 2 adolescents who met diagnostic criteria for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). For children with ADHD-ODD, environmental classroom variables, when systematically manipulated by teachers, were related to the occurrence and nonoccurrence of problem behaviors. Classroom interventions derived from information that was obtained during functional and adjunctive assessments and from subsequent analyses resulted in substantial reductions in problem behaviors. Teacher and student consumer satisfaction ratings indicated that the interventions were effective and feasible in the classroom setting.
Attitude towards intimate partner violence against women and risky sexual choices of Jamaican males

For young Jamaican men, it is necessary to prove their virility to their peers and prove to their parents that they are of heterosexual orientation. These demands have produced a society in which men are sexually aggressive, even to the point of using violence to control the sexual choices of women. This paper examines whether Jamaican men who support intimate partner violence (IPV) against women are more likely to have unsafe sexual practices and social attitudes that could increase women 's risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections. Men who responded 'yes' to violence against women are more likely themselves to have multiple sexual partners and less likely to use condoms consistently. They are also more likely to have forced a partner to have sex within the last year. Multivariate regression analysis shows that men who responded 'yes' to IPV are likely to be young, less educated and living in urban areas. Clearly, women in certain regions or subpopulations face an increased risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections due to the sexual choices of their partners. Intervention programmes to reduce sexually transmitted infections need to be developed with specific aspects of the cultural context of sexual relationships in mind. It seems especially important that male sexual choices and attitudes be directly addressed. Specific suggestions are made about an approach that has a proven record of success in reducing risky practices in high risk groups.
A Rhetorical Perspective on the Sokal Hoax: Genre, Style, and Context.

In 1996, New York University professor of physics Alan Sokal wrote a parody of an academic article he titled “Transgressing the Boundaries: Toward a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity.” This parody escaped detection by the editors and was published in the journal Social Text. Sokal outed his own hoax in the academic magazine Lingua Franca, after which prolonged discussion about the hoax took place in both academic and popular venues. This article explores the rhetorical dimensions of Sokal’s hoax, defining the hoax as a rhetorical genre, relating the Sokal hoax to some 19th-century American scientific hoaxes, explaining why this hoax inspired such intense reactions, and identifying some of the stylistic and the generic exaggerations. The impassioned discussion of this hoax may be explained by the dynamics of its rhetorical context, which drew in Social Text’s editors as it flattered their professional vanity and revived the debate over the culture wars. But the textual dynamics of Sokal’s hoax...
Retrieval of Hydrometeor Profiles in Tropical Cyclones and Convection from Combined Radar and Radiometer Observations

Abstract A retrieval algorithm is described to estimate vertical profiles of precipitation ice water content and liquid water content in tropical cyclones and convection over ocean from combined spaceborne radar and radiometer measurements. In the algorithm, the intercept parameter N0s in the exponential particle size distribution for rain, snow, and graupel are adjusted iteratively to minimize the difference between observed brightness temperatures and simulated ones by using a simulated annealing optimization method. Sensitivity tests are performed to understand the effects of the input parameters. The retrieval technique is investigated using the Earth Resources (ER)-2 aircraft Doppler radar and Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer data in tropical cyclones and convection. An indirect validation is performed by comparing the measured and retrieved 50-GHz (independent channel) brightness temperature. The global agreement shows not only the quality of the inversion procedure, but also the consiste...
Implementation and evaluation of a dilation and evacuation simulation training curriculum

Abstract Objectives To evaluate obstetrics and gynecology resident physicians' performance following a simulation curriculum on dilation and evacuation (DE for sixth case: 19.6; p = .593), OSATS ratings improved from case one (19.7) to case three (23.5; p = .001) and to case six (26.8; p = .005). Trainees completed approximately 71.6% of their first case (range: 21.4–100%). By case six, the six participants performed 81.2% of the case (range: 14.3–100%). Conclusions D&E simulation using a newly-developed uterine model and simulation curriculum improves resident technical skills. Simulation training with mastery learning techniques transferred to high level of performance in OR using checklist. The OSATS measured skills and showed improvement in performance with subsequent cases. Implications Implementation of a D&E simulation curriculum offers potential for improved surgical training and abortion provision.
The Role of Gender in Violence Experienced by Adults With Developmental Disabilities

Violence against people with developmental disabilities is a highly prevalent yet understudied phenomenon. In particular, there is a paucity of literature surrounding the role of gender and the experiences of men. Using a cross-sectional study design, we surveyed 350 people with diverse developmental disabilities about experiences of abuse, perpetrators of abuse, and their physical and mental health status. These data were analyzed to determine whether gender influenced these domains. Statistical methods included chi-square, independent t tests, logistic regression, and hierarchical multiple regressions. Male and female participants reported abuse at high rates, with 61.9% of men and 58.2% of women reporting abuse as children and 63.7% of men and 68.2% of women reporting abuse as adults. More women than men reported adult sexual abuse, but there was no gender difference in the prevalence of any other form of abuse. Women were more likely than men to identify an intimate partner as their abuser, although i...
HIPS Introduction

The 16th 1 HIPS workshop, a full-day meeting at the IPDPS 2011 conference in Anchorage, focusses on high-level programming of parallel architectures from multicore shared memory machines to large-scale distributed memory systems. The workshop series, running since 1996, is a premier venue for researchers in the fields of parallel applications and programming, language design, parallel tools and runtimes, and programming environments. This year, the workshop received 45 submissions by 138 authors from 19 different countries. Only 20 papers could be accepted after a rigorous review process. The papers nicely fit in six sessions organized into two tracks: 1. GPU Computing and Compilation
Adoption and Diffusion of Integrated Pest Management Innovations in Agriculture

This study systematically evaluated the adoption and implementation of integrated pest management sampling techniques developed for use by California farmers who grow tomatoes for processing. The rate and magnitude of adoption of the techniques were affected by nonentomological factors, including characteristics of the growers, sources of information, and perception and evaluation of the IPM innovation. Adoption of the IPM innovation followed the familiar S-shaped curve predicted by diffusion theory. A relatively high level of reinvention of the IPM techniques by growers was discovered along with adoption. Previous experience with IPM programs, land ownership, and type of enterprise were related to adoption. No significant differences were discovered for use of professional sources of information by adopters and nonadopters, although nonadopters relied significantly more on personal sources than did adopters. Attributes of the IPM innovation, particularly its complexity, figured prominently in the adoption rates. Those responsible for the development and the dissemination of IPM must be attuned to diffusion theory and to the fact that IPM innovations are complex clusters of technology and information.
Microfluorometric Investigations on the Intracellular Turnover of Fluorogenic Substrates

Rotman and Papermaster (1966) reported first results of investigations on “fluorochromasia”,the phenomenon whereby living cells develop an appreciable intracellular fluorescence during incubation in a buffer containing the fluorogenic substrate, fluorescein-diacetate (FDA). The fluorescence is due to florescein (F), which by enzymatic hydrolysis is liberated from the nonfluorescent FDA through cellular esterases.
The Survey and Analysis on the Human Resources Demands of Higher Vocational Hotel Management Education in Shanghai

According to the survey on the human resources demands of hotel industry in shanghai, this paper tries to set the training goal and location of higher vocational education of hotel management major, obtain the basic quality and ability that students should have.
Vaccination status and relevant factors for left-behind children in rural areas in north Anhui province

Objective To know vaccination status and relevant factors for left-behind children in rural areas of north Anhui province,and to provide basis for the left-behind children vaccination service.Methods The left-behind children born in 2006 to 2009 were registered.Cluster random sampling was adopted to determine the places and objects of survey.Children's guardians were interviewed by using survey questionnaire.Results A total of 1441 children were surveyed,and the whole five vaccination coverage rate was 84.25%.Left-behind children's coverage rates of measles vaccine,Japanese encephalitis vaccine,hepatitis A vaccine,whole five vaccines were lower than the rate of other local children.Conclusions The left-behind children vaccination coverage rate is lower than that of other local children.The coverage of vaccine for children more than 6 month by national immunization programs is lower than others of the left-behind children.We should offer different vaccination service,and improve vaccination coverage rate in the left-behind children.
Analysis on reasons of military training injury of recruits

The military training injury is an important factor which affects the normal training in army and endangers the soldiers' health.Because of the recruits' self factors,training factors and the environment factors,the incidence of training injuries in recruits during basic training is higher,and it is one of the research focus of military training injury.In order to provide the scientific basis for preventing the injury in military training,this paper has analyzed the reasons of the military training injury of recruits.
Activation of glycolysis in human muscle in vivo

We tested the cytoplasmic control mechanisms for glycolytic ATP synthesis in human wrist flexor muscles. The forearm was made ischemic and activated by maximal twitch stimulation of the median and ...
Evaluation of consumer health website accessibility by users with sensory and physical disabilities

Growth of the World Wide Web is beginning to create new opportunities for direct patient access to health care resources. At the same time, advances in medical care have produced demographic shifts in which an increasing number of patients have sensory and physical disabilities that may limit their ability to access these new information tools. This study uses automated and manual methods to measure the compliance of 30 popular consumer health websites with the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) content accessibility guidelines. Among these 30 sites, 22 failed to satisfy at least one W3C Priority-1 accessibility checkpoint, making it impossible for some groups of disabled users to access information from them. All websites failed to satisfy at least one Priority-2 checkpoint, making it difficult for some groups to access information from the sites. These results suggest that accessibility of many consumer health websites to disabled users is very limited. The health informatics community must become more aware of this problem, particularly because many critical accessibility problems may be easily addressed if they are recognized.
On maximal permissiveness in partially-observed discrete event systems: Verification and synthesis

The notion of maximal permissiveness plays an important role in synthesis problems in the supervisory control framework. It is well known that the supervisor synthesis problem has a unique supremal solution when all the events are observable. However, under the partial observation setting, no supremal solution exists in general and there may exist several locally maximal solutions. In this paper, we tackle the supervisory control problem under partial observation from a new angle. First, we propose an approach to verify whether a given supervisor is maximal or not. If a supervisor is not maximal, then we provide an algorithm that synthesizes a new supervisor that is strictly more permissive than the given one. To the best of our knowledge, both the verification of maximality and the synthesis of a larger solution were previously open problems; our algorithms are the first ones of their kind.
Researching, Analyzing, and Constructing the Data

This chapter situates the methodology used in this study within a postmodern and poststructuralist paradigm. I discuss features of a critical ethnographic case study methodology. Next, I devote some space to describing Oak Girls’ Secondary, the school in which the study is base, and the different social actors in it. Also described is how I gained access to my research site and located myself as a researcher at Oak. The different methods used in my study are then described. Given that poststructural and postmodern researchers often have to wrestle with a crisis of representation (Lincoln et al., Paradigmatic controversies, contradictions, and emerging confluences, revisited. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (4th ed., pp. 97–128). Thousand Oaks: Sage, 2011), the next part of the chapter clarifies how I coded and transcribed my data, and how I understood and used “discourse analysis” in coming to terms with the data that came to be my project. The chapter closes with a review of the steps I took to ensure the trustworthiness of my analysis.
Exploring the Interaction of Motor and Social Skills With Autism Severity Using the SFARI Dataset.

Social communicative deficits and stereotyped or repetitive interests or behaviors are the defining features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A growing body of research suggests that gross motor ...
A simple proof of the Lyapunov finite-time stability theorem

Abstract We offer a simple proof of the Lyapunov finite-time stability theorem for Filippov systems which does not use any generalized derivatives to differentiate the composition of the Lyapunov function with absolutely continuous solutions.
A Framework for Modeling Dependable Real-Time Distributed Systems

Abstract A systematic way to introduce fault-tolerant and time-dependent properties into a complex software system is presented. The approach is based on an extended Petri Net model, called the G-Net, enhanced with the deterministic timing scheme. An object-based approach, enhanced with exception handling and time-out mechanism, is used to introduce the fault tolerance properties. The basic idea is to avoid the timing error propagation from a faulty object to an object that interacts with it via a time-out mechanism, and also to allow an object to treat a timing error by raising an exception and triggering some corrective actions.
Understanding the interfacial layer formation on strained Si 1−x Ge x channels and their correlation to inversion layer hole mobility

We investigate the mechanism of interfacial layer formation on Si 1−x Ge x (0 1−x Ge x (x 1−x Ge x channel is presented to understand the surface atomic configuration of Si 1−x Ge x channel as well as mobility enhancement mechanism.
Views and Commentaries: What Difference Does Feminist Theory Make?

This discussion explores what difference a feminist perspective makes in our understandings of the past in two ways. The first section examines to what extent feminist research questions were asked in the preceding papers by Lu Ann De Cunzo, Eleanor Casella, and Susan Piddock. The second section shows what difference feminist theory has made in asking new questions that have produced new gendered understandings of the global historical context of these papers. As a whole, this discussion shows how feminist theoretical approaches change our understanding of the lives of historic women and men in nineteenth century reform institutions within their larger gendered cultural context. While the introduction to this volume presents the broader ungendered historical context, this discussion focusses on the gendered cultural context that was foundational to the gender relationships embodied in the arrangement of architectural spaces and material culture at the sites in the preceding three papers.
Ureteral Peristaltic Pressure Methods

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses several methods that help in better understanding of ureteral physiology. Direct observation of the ureter reveals the color and caliber of the wall, the presence or absence of peristaltic activity, and its rate and direction. Causes of malfunction such as constrictive adhesion and compression or tenting by the catheter tip can be determined. Ureteral peristaltic pressure is measured with indwelling catheters after ureteral catheterization during cystoscopy, through a nephrostomy or ureterostomy tube, or after bladder explantation. Ureteral pressure is measured through the catheter to the transducer, which is connected to a recorder. It is necessary that the whole system be airtight and bubble-free; there should be no clots or shreds in the lumen and no kinks or bends. Ureteral peristalsis is sensitive to temperature, pH, and mechanical stretching. The ureteral perfusion method offers an entirely different concept of ureteral peristaltic activity as it measures the resistance to flow, demonstrating its dynamic variability.
Effect of Warfarin on Prothrombin Synthesis and Secretion in Human HEP G2 Cells

Prothrombin synthesis and secretion were studied in a human hepatoma cell line (Hep G2) incubated with 35S-methionine for 2 to 24 hours at 37 degrees C. Extracellular and intracellular prothrombin were detected by immunoprecipitation with affinity-purified antiprothrombin antibody. Incorporation of 35S-methionine into prothrombin was monitored by counting specific bands excised from 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Prothrombin represented 0.3% to 0.7% of total newly synthesized protein secreted into the media. Warfarin had no effect on total prothrombin synthesis (extracellular plus intracellular). However, warfarin inhibited secretion of newly synthesized prothrombin by 58% to 73% over a 2 to 4 hour period. This was accompanied by the intracellular accumulation of an immunoprecipitable species of prothrombin of 78 kd, 6 kd less than extracellular prothrombin. At the end of the 4-hour incubation with warfarin, intracellular prothrombin increased from 44% to 82% (twofold) of total prothrombin, whereas extracellular prothrombin decreased from 56% to 19% (threefold) of total prothrombin. After 24-hour incubation with warfarin, intracellular and extracellular immunoprecipitable prothrombin approached control values. Deglycosylation of extracellular and intracellular prothrombin with hydrofluoric acid (HF) resulted in a decrease in mol wt for both species to 66 kd. Endoglycosidase-H treatment, which digests "early mannosyl" residues, resulted in a decrease in the mol wt of the intracellular species of 8 kd with no effect on the extracellular species. Thus, the lower mol wt intracellular species that accumulates following early warfarin treatment is due to the presence of incompletely processed carbohydrate chain. The data are compatible with the hypothesis that optimum glycosylation and secretion require Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation.
Removable partial overdentures for the irradiated patient.

Patients who have received radiotherapy to the head and neck area must avoid dental extractions and seek simplicity in treatment and home care follow-up. For partially edentulous patients, removable partial overdenture therapy can fulfill these goals while maintaining the high level of function and aesthetics desired by patients.11 references.
Cultural Voice and Strategies for Multicultural Education.

Current approaches to multicultural education tend to ignore the cultural politics of educational relationships that rest at the heart of intercultural encounters. This essay uses the concept of “v...
Improving Conductivity of 3D Printed Conductive Pastes for RF & High Performance Electronics

The low conductivity of 3D printed conductive lines is one of the main obstacles in successful 3D printed electronics. These low conductivities lead to lossy transmission lines, poorly performing antennas, and pose many challenges from a circuit design prospective. In this work, two techniques are demonstrated for improving the conductivity of 3D printed silver paste: photonic sintering and selective electroplating. The silver lines were direct write extruded onto a FFF 3D printed substrate and dried before curing. As an alternative to traditional heat curing, parts printed on a uniaxial double sloped 3D surface are photonically sintered using a commercial PulseForge system, resulting in an increase of the line conductivity by 806%. The lines were then electroplated in a copper plating solution, selectively depositing a layer of copper to obtain a further increase in the line conductivity of 886%, a total improvement of 7,150%. Line conductivities were verified using a 4-point measurement setup along with an X-Ray CT scanning system to determine the cross sectional area of the lines. Bringing high resolution 3D printed metal lines closer to bulk conductivities is critical in enabling 3D printed RF and high performance electronics.
Abstract WMP26: Association of Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection With Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Introduction: It is uncertain whether aortic diseases such as aneurysm and dissection are associated with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort stud...
Habitat configuration matters when evaluating habitat-area effects on host–parasitoid interactions

Citation: With, K. A., & Pavuk, D. M. (2019). Habitat configuration matters when evaluating habitat-area effects on host–parasitoid interactions. Ecosphere, 10(2), e02604. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2604
Machine Learning, Markov Chain Monte Carlo, and Optimal Algorithms to Characterize the AdvACT Kilopixel Transition-Edge Sensor Arrays

Next-generation focal planes comprising dozens of kilopixel transition-edge sensor (TES) arrays require new methods to rapidly screen candidate arrays, evaluate array non-idealities in the field, identify outlier devices for removal, and optimize the array performance in the field. We demonstrate robust methods to estimate TES parameters (critical temperatures and thermal conductivity parameters) and their uncertainties using a custom Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm. We also constrain systematic effects in estimating the TES parameters from non-isothermal current-voltage curves (IVs) at approximately a ∼3% level. Additionally, for the first time, we have applied Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to tune detector arrays and optimize their performance.
Teaching a thorough, repeatable design process for ambiances in architecture

Le Corbusier, it has been said, defined architecture as "the poetry of construction" and as such, the term "ambiances" is reminiscent of those great words. In order to create that special quality, that poetry, that ambiance in architecture, a design concept that is the result of a thorough, repeatable design process must be employed. The purpose of this paper/presentation is to explain the design thinking/design tools we need to teach our students, i.e. the future Le Corbusiers of the world, how to create those special qualities that make ambiances/poetry in architecture possible.
Non-templated addition and template switching by Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV)-based reverse transcriptases co-occur and compete with each other

Single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) has led to an unprecedented understanding of gene expression and regulation in individual cells. Many scRNA-Seq approaches rely upon the template switching property of Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV)-type reverse transcriptases. Template switching is believed to happen in a sequential process involving nontemplated addition of three protruding nucleotides (+CCC) to the 3′-end of the nascent cDNA, which can then anneal to the matching rGrGrG 3′-end of the template-switching oligo (TSO), allowing the reverse transcriptase (RT) to switch templates and continue copying the TSO sequence. In this study, we present a detailed analysis of template switching biases with respect to the RNA template, specifically of the role of the sequence and nature of its 5′-end (capped versus noncapped) in these biases. Our findings confirmed that the presence of a 5′-m7G cap enhances template switching efficiency. We also profiled the composition of the nontemplated addition in the absence of TSO and observed that the 5′-end of RNA template influences the terminal transferase activity of the RT. Furthermore, we found that designing new TSOs that pair with the most common nontemplated additions did little to improve template switching efficiency. Our results provide evidence suggesting that, in contrast to the current understanding of the template switching process, nontemplated addition and template switching are concurrent and competing processes.
A Weakly Supervised Multi-task Ranking Framework for Actor–Action Semantic Segmentation

Modeling human behaviors and activity patterns has attracted significant research interest in recent years. In order to accurately model human behaviors, we need to perform fine-grained human activity understanding in videos. Fine-grained activity understanding in videos has attracted considerable recent attention with a shift from action classification to detailed actor and action understanding that provides compelling results for perceptual needs of cutting-edge autonomous systems. However, current methods for detailed understanding of actor and action have significant limitations: they require large amounts of finely labeled data, and they fail to capture any internal relationship among actors and actions. To address these issues, in this paper, we propose a novel Schatten p-norm robust multi-task ranking model for weakly-supervised actor–action segmentation where only video-level tags are given for training samples. Our model is able to share useful information among different actors and actions while learning a ranking matrix to select representative supervoxels for actors and actions respectively. Final segmentation results are generated by a conditional random field that considers various ranking scores for video parts. Extensive experimental results on both the actor–action dataset and the Youtube-objects dataset demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art weakly supervised methods and performs as well as the top-performing fully supervised method.
Provider perspective on the role of palliative care in hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

Objective Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is a single ventricle defect. While staged surgical palliative treatments have revolutionised care, patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome continue to have significant morbidity and mortality. In 2017, the National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative recommended all single ventricle patients to receive a prenatal palliative care consult. This study aimed to elucidate provider perspectives on the implementation of prenatal palliative care consults for families expecting a child with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Methods An online survey was administered to obstetric and paediatric providers of relevant disciplines to assess their experience with palliative care involvement in hypoplastic left heart syndrome cases. Results Nearly, all physicians (97%) and most registered nurses (79%) agreed that the initial palliative care consult for patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome should occur during the prenatal period. Respondents also indicated that prenatal palliative care consults should also be offered in a variety of other CHD conditions. Participants believed positive aspects of this new referral protocol included an expanded support network for families, decreased family stress during the postnatal period, increased patient education about what to expect during the postnatal period, and continuity of care. Conclusion Multidisciplinary healthcare professionals believe that prenatal palliative care consults provide a variety of benefits for patients and families with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Additional, multi-centre research is necessary to evaluate whether prenatal palliative care consults should become standard of care for families expecting a child with a single ventricle defect.
Chapter 9 – Dietary considerations

Publisher Summary This chapter provides recipes for the food types used at the Tucson Stock Center for the species that are maintained there. It also provides information for rearing a number of specialized species. Drosophila resource use in nature involves dietary adaptations ranging from dependency on specific chemicals or the ability to detoxify specific substances through the requirement for a diet either high or low in essential elements, such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Establishing the correct nutrient composition is but one dimension of the rearing conditions in which a species can be cultured. The ecological niches of some species, such as D. carbonaria, which breeds in the flux of mesquite trees of the genus Prosopis, D. carcinophila, a commensal with land crabs, and many flower breeders, have seasonal and structural requirements in addition to nutritional specialization that make laboratory rearing exceedingly difficult or impossible. Creating the appropriate conditions for adult feeding, mating, and oviposition, as well as providing suitable larval habitats, requires an effort beyond that, which most investigators are willing or able to invest. Considerable variation in the ease with which flies are cultured exists even among those species that are routinely maintained in laboratories or the stock centers. Some species can be grown easily on a range of recipes, while others require a specific recipe or nutritional treatment to be grown successfully.
A Dixmier-Malliavin theorem for Lie groupoids

A famous theorem of Dixmier-Malliavin asserts that every smooth, compactly-supported function on a Lie group can be expressed as a finite sum in which each term is the convolution, with respect to Haar measure, of two such functions. We establish that the same holds for a Lie groupoid. Most of the heavy lifting is done by a lemma in the original work of Dixmier-Malliavin. We also need the technology of Lie algebroids and the corresponding notion of exponential map. As an application, we obtain a result on the arithmetic of ideals in the smooth convolution algebra of a Lie groupoid arising from functions vanishing to given order on an invariant submanifold of the unit space.
Age-dependent accumulation of dicarbonyls and advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) associates with mitochondrial stress.

Aging is a strong risk factor for brain dementia and cognitive decline. Age-related accumulation of metabolites such as advanced glycation end products (AGEs) could serve as danger signals to initiate and accelerate disease process and neurodegeneration. The underlying causes and consequences of cerebral AGEs accumulation remain largely unknown. Here, we comprehensively investigate age-related accumulation of AGEs and dicarbonyls, including methylglyoxal (MG), glyoxal (GO), and 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), and the effects of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) on cerebral AGEs accumulation, mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress in the aging human and mouse brain. We demonstrate that AGEs, including arginine and lysine derived N(6)-carboxymethyl lysine (CML), Ne-(1-Carboxyethyl)-l-lysine (CEL), and methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1 (MG-H1), were significantly elevated in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus with advanced age in mice. Accordingly, aging mouse and human brains revealed decrease in activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I & IV and ATP levels, and increased ROS. Notably, administration of mitoTEMPO (2-(2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-4-ylamino)-2-oxoethyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride (mTEMPO), a scavenger of mitochondrial ROS, not only suppressed ROS production but also reduced aged-induced accumulation of AGEs and dicarbonyls. mTEMPO treatment improved mitochondrial respiratory function and restored ATP levels. Our ﬁndings provide evidence linking age-related accumulation of toxic metabolites (AGEs) to mitochondrial oxidative stress. This highlights a novel mechanism by which AGEs-dependent signaling promotes carbonyl stress and sustained mitochondrial dysfunction. Eliminating formation and accumulation of AGEs may represent a new therapeutic avenue for combating cognitive decline and mitochondrial degeneration relevant to aging and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease.
Ranking Rule-Based Automatic Explanations for Machine Learning Predictions on Asthma Hospital Encounters in Patients With Asthma: Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: Asthma hospital encounters impose a heavy burden on the health care system. To improve preventive care and outcomes for patients with asthma, we recently developed a black-box machine learning model to predict whether a patient with asthma will have one or more asthma hospital encounters in the succeeding 12 months. Our model is more accurate than previous models. However, black-box machine learning models do not explain their predictions, which forms a barrier to widespread clinical adoption. To solve this issue, we previously developed a method to automatically provide rule-based explanations for the model’s predictions and to suggest tailored interventions without sacrificing model performance. For an average patient correctly predicted by our model to have future asthma hospital encounters, our explanation method generated over 5000 rule-based explanations, if any. However, the user of the automated explanation function, often a busy clinician, will want to quickly obtain the most useful information for a patient by viewing only the top few explanations. Therefore, a methodology is required to appropriately rank the explanations generated for a patient. However, this is currently an open problem. Objective: The aim of this study is to develop a method to appropriately rank the rule-based explanations that our automated explanation method generates for a patient. Methods: We developed a ranking method that struck a balance among multiple factors. Through a secondary analysis of 82,888 data instances of adults with asthma from the University of Washington Medicine between 2011 and 2018, we demonstrated our ranking method on the test case of predicting asthma hospital encounters in patients with asthma. Results: For each patient predicted to have asthma hospital encounters in the succeeding 12 months, the top few explanations returned by our ranking method typically have high quality and low redundancy. Many top-ranked explanations provide useful insights on the various aspects of the patient’s situation, which cannot be easily obtained by viewing the patient’s data in the current electronic health record system. Conclusions: The explanation ranking module is an essential component of the automated explanation function, and it addresses the interpretability issue that deters the widespread adoption of machine learning predictive models in clinical practice. In the next few years, we plan to test our explanation ranking method on predictive modeling problems addressing other diseases as well as on data from other health care systems. Trial Registration:
Approaches for Implementing Healthy Food Interventions in Settings With Limited Resources: A Case Study of Sodium Reduction Interventions in Emergency Food Programs Addressing Food Insecurity.

PURPOSE This study describes how recipients of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention funded Sodium Reduction in Communities Program (SRCP) worked with emergency food programs to improve access to healthy food to address chronic conditions. DESIGN SRCP recipients partnered with emergency food programs to implement sodium reduction strategies including nutrition standards, procurement practices, environmental strategies, and behavioral economics approaches. SETTING SRCP recipients and emergency food programs in Washington County and Benton County, Arkansas and King County, Washington. SUBJECTS SRCP recipient staff, emergency food program staff, and key stakeholders. MEASURES We conducted semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders and systematic review of program documents. ANALYSIS Data were analyzed using effects matrices for each recipient. Matrices were organized using select implementation science constructs and compared in a cross-case analysis. RESULTS Despite limited resources, emergency food programs can implement sodium reduction interventions which may provide greater access to healthy foods and lead to reductions in health disparities. Emergency food programs successfully implemented sodium reduction interventions by building on the external and internal settings; selecting strategies that align with existing processes; implementing change incrementally and engaging staff, volunteers, and clients; and sustaining changes. CONCLUSION Findings contribute to understanding the ways in which emergency food programs and other organizations with limited resources have implemented public health nutrition interventions addressing food insecurity and improving access to healthy foods. These strategies may be transferable to other settings with limited resources.
SU-E-T-642: PTV Is the Voxel-Wise Worst-Case of CTV in Prostate Photon Therapy

Purpose: To examine the adequacy of the planning target volume (PTV) dose distribution as the worst-case representation of clinical target volume (CTV) dose distribution in prostate volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans. Methods: Ten intact prostate cancer cases treated by VMAT at our institution were randomly selected. Isocenter was shifted in the three cardinal directions by a displacement equal to the PTV expansion on the CTV (±3 mm) for a total of six shifted plans per original plan. Rotationally-perturbed plans were generated with a couch rotation of ±1° to simulate patient yaw. The eight perturbed dose distributions were recalculated in the treatment planning system using the same, fixed fluence map as the original plan. The voxel-wise worst-case CTV dose distribution was constructed from the minimum value per voxel from the eight perturbed doses. The resulting dose volume histograms (DVH) were evaluated for statistical correlation between the worst-case CTV and nominal PTV dose distributions based on D95% by Wilcoxon signed-rank test with significance level p ≤ 0.05. Results: Inspection demonstrates the PTV DVH in the nominal dose distribution is bounded by the CTV DVH in the worst-case dose distribution. Comparison of D95% for the two dose distributions by Wilcoxon signed-rank test gives p = 0.131. Therefore the null hypothesis cannot be rejected since the difference in median values is not statistically significant. Conclusion: The assumption that the nominal dose distribution for PTV represents the worst-case dose distribution for CTV appears valid for the ten plans under examination. Although the worst-case dose distribution is unphysical since the dose per voxel is chosen independently, it serves as a lower bound for the possible CTV coverage. Furthermore, this is consistent with the unphysical nature of the PTV. Minor discrepancies between the two dose distributions are expected since the dose cloud is not strictly static. Funding Support: NIH/NCI K25CA168984, Eagles Cancer Research Career Development, The Lawrence W. and Marilyn W. Matteson Fund for Cancer Research, Mayo ASU Seed Grant, and The Kemper Marley Foundation
H/sub /spl infin// optimal decentralized feedback: time varying versus time invariant compensation

H/sub /spl infin// optimal design of decentralized time varying controllers for causal linear finite-dimensional time invariant discrete-time (LTD) systems is considered. It is shown that, on the contrary to the full-feedback case, time varying controllers can outperform the time invariant ones for some LTD systems in the H/sub /spl infin// optimal control problem when the feedback structure is constrained to be decentralized. >
The Biosynthesis of Apo- and Metalloalkaline Phosphatases of Escherichia coli

Abstract A system for detecting the effects of metal ions, repressors, and mutations on the biosynthesis in vivo of alkaline phosphatase of Escherichia coli is described. If E. coli constitutive for alkaline phosphatase are grown in a medium containing 65Zn and are subject to osmotic shock, about 50% of the zinc taken up by the cells is released into the medium. Chromatography of this medium shows that most of the 65Zn is associated with alkaline phosphatase. The ratio of specific radioactivity to enzyme shows 2 to 3 g atoms of zinc incorporated per mole of alkaline phosphatase under these conditions. This biosynthetically incorporated zinc is not exchangeable with exogenous zinc added to the medium after osmotic shock. In the case of the wild type organisms, phosphate suppresses but does not abolish incorporation of 65Zn into the cell region accessible to osmotic shock. Chromatography shows no 65Zn alkaline phosphatase, but does show the presence of another zinc protein unaffected by the presence of phosphate. E. coli mutants, U9 and U47, which produce defective alkaline phosphatases do not incorporate 65Zn normally. Under zinc-free conditions (l10-8 m Zn (II)) E. coli grows normally and synthesizes a zinc-free inactive apoenzyme. The highly purified biosynthesized apoenzyme can be completely reactivated by zinc. Optical rotatory dispersion, circular dichroism, and sedimentation velocity centrifugation reveal that the conformation and quaternary structure of this product do not differ significantly from the enzyme synthesized in the presence of Zn(II). In the presence of Co(II) and Cd(II), the organism can be forced to synthesize alkaline phosphatases containing these metal ions. If equal concentrations of Zn(II) are present, however, the enzyme is synthesized containing only Zn(II).
Improved purification and some properties of megacin Cx, a bacteriocin produced by Bacillus megaterium

Megacin Cx is a bacteriocidal protein, previously described by Durner and Mach (Durner, K. (1970) Z. Allg. Mikrobiol. 10, 93-102; Durner, K. (1970) Z. Allg. Mikrobiol. 10, 373-382; Durner, K., and Mach, F. (1966) Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Parasitenkd. Infektionskr. Hyg. Abt. I Orig. 2, 120, 565-575), which is released into the medium during growth by Bacillus megaterium strain 337. We have optimized the culturing conditions to achieve reproducibly high yields of this protein; under these conditions, megacin Cx represents about one-half of the protein secreted into the medium. We have developed improved methods of purifying the protein to homogeneity. The active form of megacin Cx is a monomeric protein, a single polypeptide of Mr = 210,000, as determined by analytical ultracentrifugation and gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Like many other proteins secreted by Gram-positive organisms, megacin Cx contains remarkably little methionine and cysteine. The purified protein blocks protein synthesis in sensitive cells, but has little immediate effect upon nucleic acid synthesis. Our purification procedure separates megacin Cx from another activity in the culture medium which blocks the synthesis of RNA and DNA, as well as synthesis of protein, in sensitive cells.
Rehabilitation Engineering: An Overview

Rehabilitation deals with correction or compensation for functional deficits not responsive to surgery or pharmacology. Rehabilitation engineering is the application of engineering science and technology to the medical rehabilitation of persons with disabilities. The scope of rehabilitation engineering extends from basic cellular and molecular engineering investigating potential therapies for people with disabilities to the other extreme, including direct clinical service delivery to persons with disabilities. The critical aspects of rehabilitation engineering education are that people are well grounded in engineering principles, scientific methods, clinical practices, advocacy and legislative issues, pathology, epidemiology, and disability. Keywords: rehabilitation engineering; persons with disabilities; assistive technology; wheelchairs; prosthetics; orthotics
Identification of genes differentially expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells following benzo[a]pyrene challenge: implications for chemical atherogenesis.

Abstract We have previously shown that serial passage of vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) treated with a single low dose of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) induces acquisition of highly proliferative (i.e. atherogenic) phenotypes. To define the molecular basis of this response, differential display polymerase chain reaction was used to identify early target genes in murine vSMCs challenged with 3 μM BaP for 8 hr. Of 170 differentially expressed cDNAs, 111 were re-amplified, and 64 examined for homology to known genes. Aac11 apoptosis inhibitor, aldose reductase, GalNAc transferase, TCP-1 chaperonin gene, and mouse mitochondrial gene, were downregulated in vSMCs treated with BaP. In contrast, enhanced expression of unique retrotransposon cDNAs were found in BaP-treated cells. This is the first report showing that BaP modulates the expression of these genes in mammalian cells. Of particular interest is the modulation of retrotransposon mRNAs which coupled to other genetic events, may play a significant role in the atherogenic response to this carcinogen.
Neurospora β-Galactosidase: Evidence for a Second Enzyme

Two enzymes which hydrolyze the artificial substrate o-nitro-phenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside are produced by Neurospora. These enzymes precipitate at widely different concentrations of ammonium sulfate and differ with respect to induction, pH optima, sedimentation, and thermal stability.