cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationship among the genes, enzymes, and intermediates of the biosynthetic pathway of lysine in Saccharomyces.

Genetic lesions of 10 of the lysine loci in Saccharomyces have been provisionally correlated with the various enzymatic steps of the homocitric acid pathway for the biosynthesis of lysine. The characterization of mutational blocks in different mutants was made on the basis of the accumulation of appropriate intermediates, lack of enzymatic activity, and feeding experiments. Genetic lesions in mutants lys4, lys7, lys8, and lys12 correspond to the biochemical steps between homocitric acid and α-amino-adipic acid. Similarly the genetic lesions in lys1, lys2, lys5, lys9, lys13, and lys14 correspond to the intermediate steps between α-aminoadipic acid and lysine. Lysine-genes are not clustered, instead are mapped on different chromosomes of Saccharomyces. Some of the intermediate steps in the biosynthesis of lysine correspond to two or more unlinked genes.
Sleep apnea: evaluation and sleep testing for the otolaryngologist

Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with significant health consequences and decreased quality of life. As upper airway specialists, otolaryngologists are uniquely qualified to treat patients with obstructive sleep apnea, however, specialized knowledge of these patients is needed to provide optimal treatment. Patient presentation, common risk factors and physiologic sequella of OSA are discussed. Diagnostic sleep testing including polysomnography and a variety of home sleep testing modalities with their indications are compared.
The chromatic index of graphs with large maximum degree

By Vizing's Theorem, any graph G has chromatic index equal either to its maximum degree @D(G) or @D(G) + 1. A simple method is given for determining exactly the chromatic index of any graph with 2s + 2 vertices and maximum degree 2s.
ELECTROPHORESIS IS MODIFYING OUR CONCEPTS OF EVOLUTION IN HOMOSPOROUS PTERIDOPHYTES

Analyses of electrophoretically detectable enzyme variants in homosporous pteridophytes are facilitating the development of new insights into their genetics and evolution. The number of isozymes per enzyme indicates that homosporous pteridophytes are genetic diploids, in spite of the fact that they have high chromosome numbers. High levels of heterozygosity and genetic variability in sporophytic populations indicate that many diploid species are outcrossing with inbreeding representing a derived character state. Because the congeneric homosporous pteridophyte species analyzed to date have low genetic identities, allozymic characters are also proving to be useful as genomic markers for elucidating patterns of reticulate evolution. The accumulated data suggest that the genetic system of homosporous pteridophytes differs fundamentally from that of seed plants. The present genomic constitution of extant taxa may be the result of repeated cycles of allopolyploidy followed by gene silencing and extinction of progenitor taxa. Alternatively, the original homosporous pteridophytes may have had high chromosome numbers. Although current species probably evolved recently, their phylogenetic roots may be difficult to trace because even closely related pteridophytes are genetically distant and extinction has obliterated the ancestral intermediates between lineages. These hypotheses can and should be tested using a combination of molecular, phylogenetic, and population biology
Materializing Inequality: The Archaeology of Tourism Laborers in Turn-of-the-Century Los Angeles

This article traces the historical marginalization of tourism workers in Southern California, a region made popular in the late 1800s for its numerous leisurely activities. Workers employed in Southern California’s hotel industry continue to face discrimination, low wages, and dangerous and environmentally hazardous work conditions, policies that originated during the development of the region’s tourism industry. Using California’s most popular tourist site from 1893 to 1936, Mount Lowe Resort and Railway, as a case study, this article examines the historical spatial, ideological, and legal factors that have contributed to the contemporary stratification of Los Angeles’ hotel laborers. It concludes with an emphasis on how archaeological and archival research can be used to help modern day tourism laborers gain the attention and benefits they so direly deserve.
Image-guided breast biopsy: state-of-the-art

Percutaneous image-guided breast biopsy is widely practised to evaluate predominantly non-palpable breast lesions. There has been steady development in percutaneous biopsy techniques. Fine-needle aspiration cytology was the original method of sampling, followed in the early 1990s by large core needle biopsy. The accuracy of both has been improved by ultrasound and stereotactic guidance. Larger bore vacuum-assisted biopsy devices became available in the late 1990s and are now commonplace in most breast units. We review the different types of breast biopsy devices currently available together with various localization techniques used, focusing on their advantages, limitations and current controversial clinical management issues.
Explaining the Initial Returns of Mutual Funds

Mutual funds that were less than five years old represented approximately 38% of the open-end mutual fund population as of December 31, 1999. The primary research question examines whether the initial returns of mutual funds are biased. The implication of the analysis is that inferences about the management ability of small-cap growth, mid-cap growth, and high-yield bond fund managers are more likely to be overstated for new funds than seasoned funds. The bias associated with new mutual fund returns is shown to be positively related to the size of the fund family and the number of brokerage companies that sell the family9s funds. The most likely sources of the new fund return bias estimated during the period 1994–1999 include incubation, favoritism, and higher termination rates of new funds relative to seasoned funds.
Mercury in Coal: A New Standard Reference Material

Abstract Sources of environmental mercury contamination are generally related to industrial and mining activity. However, close examination of the sources reveal how complex the task of dealing with mercury pollution is. For example, virtually none of the mercury in fossil fuel is trapped in the fly ash, instead it is released in gaseous form as a product of combustion. Evidence now exists that this gaseous mercury is washed from the air by rain, being cycled to rivers, lakes and oceans where further evidence indicates that it may be methylated to its most toxic form, methylmercury. Mercury releases to the environment from burning of fossil fuels have been calculated to contribute a significant portion of the total mercury released. Unfortunately, mercury concentrations in coals used to calculate mercury release differ by a wide range. This paper presents the results of a concerted analytical program by the National Bureau of Standards to develop a coal standard of proven homogeneity with an accurate valu...
Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Copper Dioxygen Complexes Derived from Molecular Receptor Ligands

Three novel bis{(2-pyridyl)ethyl}amine (PY2) containing ligands and their corresponding Cu(I) complexes have been synthesized. The effect of varying Cu−Cu distances in these complexes on their abil...
Quantitative Determination of Alpha and Beta Lactose in dried Milk and Dried Whey

Summary 1.A method is described for the determination of the amounts of alpha and beta lactose in dried milk and whey, and also of the total amount of anhydrous lactose in these products. 2.A clear, colorless extract of the product is obtained quickly, using an alcoholic solution of Hg Cl 2 as protein precipitant, and norrit as a decolorizing agent. The filtrate is polarized as soon as possible and again after standing. The relative amounts of alpha and beta lactose are computed from the change in optical rotation. Total lactose is calculated from the final (equilibrium) rotation and sample weight. 3.Alpha and beta lactose gave satisfactory results when analyzed by this method, as did also dried milk and whey, alone and with additions of alpha and beta lactose. 4.The composition of the lactose in dried whey was shown to range from 90 per cent beta to 95 per cent alpha, on the anhydrous basis. 5.Norrit adsorbs lactose from aqueous solution, the alpha form being adsorbed preferentially. Lactose is eluted from the norrit by 10 to 20 per cent alcohol.
Socioeconomic Status and Chemotherapy Use for Melanoma in Older People

The study objective was to examine the association, among older persons with cutaneous melanoma, between areal socioeconomic status (SES) and receiving chemotherapy. SEER-Medicare-linked database (1,239 white men and women aged ≥ 66, with invasive melanoma [regional and distant stages]; 1991-1999) was used. SES was measured by census tract poverty level (average of 1990 and 2000 Census data). Covariates were sociodemographics, tumor characteristics, and comorbidity index. Residing in poorer SES areas was associated with a lower likelihood for receiving chemotherapy among patients in the overall sample (adjusted odds ratios = OR 0.97, 95% confidence interval = CI 0.95-0.99), and those with regional stage at diagnosis (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94-0.98). These findings reflect socioeconomic disparities in chemotherapy use for melanoma among older white patients in the United States.
Vacuum-ultraviolet refractive-index measurement in a negatively dispersive region of xenon

The refractive-index curve of xenon gas was measured for the first time in the negatively dispersive region from about 115 to 117 nm. A technique based on determining the phase-matching conditions for four-wave mixing in a xenon–argon gas mixture was used to make the measurement. The experimentally determined dispersion curve is consistent with previously developed semiempirical calculations.
New taxa and taxonomic revisions to the Poraniidae (Valvatacea; Asteroidea) with Comments on Feeding Biology

New molecular phylogenetic data and new specimens provide the basis for a revision of the family Poraniidae. We present molecular phylogenetic data for five out of 11 genera in the Poraniidae including a newly discovered taxon from the North Pacific. Bathyporania ascendens nov. gen., nov. sp., is described from Davidson Seamount (35o43’N, 122o43’W). Another newly discovered poraniid taxon, Clavaporania fitchorum nov. gen., nov. sp. is described from south of Macquarie Island (56o21’S, 158o 28’E) but was not included in the analysis. Revision of the Poraniidae has been undertaken. We present two new genera and reinstate the previously synonymized genus Glabraster and return Culcitopsis to genus level. The genus Porania sensu Clark (1993) and Clark and Downey (1992) is not monophyletic. Porania, Poraniomorpha and Poraniopsis are revised. In situ feeding observations of Bathyporania are described and compared with other poraniid feeding accounts.
Sexual selection, arrival times, philopatry and site fidelity in the polyandrous spotted sandpiper

1. Spotted sandpipers have a resource defense polyandrous mating system in which females compete for control of breeding territories and mates, and males provide most of the parental care. 2. Data from a nine year study of a local breeding population showed that females preceded males to the breeding ground in spring. Within each sex, experienced local breeders arrived before new breeders. The mean arrival time of new females coincided with egg-laying of first clutches by experienced females, and at this time new females experienced their greatest success at entering the breeding population. Arrival of new males coincided with the onset of incubation by experienced males. 3. Breeding males and females returned from year to year at similar rates. Birds returned at lower rates following breeding failure. This effect was strongest among birds after their first local breeding year, i.e. inexperienced birds, and weakest among experienced females. 4. Significantly more locally hatched females than males returned and bred on the study site in their first year. Similarly, there were more locally hatched female than male chicks which returned but did not breed. 5. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the intensity of sexual selection drives the arrival timing of individuals on breeding grounds, and affects patterns of natal philopatry. The importance of territorial control in obtaining mates causes females to precede males, which is a complete reversal of the normal avian pattern. In both sexes, inexperienced birds arrive when intrasexual competition is lessened by the commitment of older birds to reproductive or parental activities. Greater female natal philopatry may reflect an increased importance of site familiarity for females as they attempt to become breeders in this resource defense polyandrous system.
Parallel Recirculating Pipeline For Signal And Image Processing

Current image analysis and image understanding applications in DoD systems require very high performance image pixel processing in real time. To attain the necessary performance within stringent system size, weight, and power constraints requires special-purpose parallel processing hardware architectures. At the same time, it is desirable to retain as much programmability as possible in order to rapidly adapt the hardware to new applications or evolving system requirements. The Parallel Recirculating Pipeline processor uses techniques adopted from image algebra and mathematical morphology to provide a low-cost, low-complexity, high-performance architecture that is suitable for silicon implementation and programmable in high-order languages.
Tissue culture media; the essential non-dialyzable factors in human placental cord serum.

1. Human placental cord serum contains a factor or factors necessary for active growth of fibroblasts in tissue culture and a factor which prevents the appearance of a characteristic toxicity. 2. The growth-promoting factor(s) is stable to heating to 60°C. for 30 minutes and is associated with the euglobulin fraction of the serum. 3. Extraction of dried cord serum with benzene, chloroform, and ether does not cause any decrease in growth-promoting activity. 4. Sera from hypophysectomized, adrenalectomized, and thyroid-parathyroidectomized rats show as much growth-promoting activity as normal rat sera. 5. Bovine gamma globulins, anterior pituitary growth hormone, and insulin do not replace the serum growth factor. 6. The toxicity-preventing factor is serum albumin. 7. Evidence is presented that the toxicity is due to free fatty acids in the medium and that serum albumin acts by binding the fatty acids.
Laterality Effects for Music Perception among Differentially Talented Adolescents

To examine the comparative nature of laterality patterns for music perception among differentially talented adolescents, 138 right-handed subjects (56 boys, 82 girls) trained in music, mathematics, and dance, respectively, were tested on dichotic chords and dichotic melodies tasks. Analyses demonstrated that only the musically trained subjects displayed task-dependent ear asymmetry, that is, a left-ear advantage for dichotic chords and a right-ear advantage for dichotic melodies. The mathematically and dance-talented students displayed a left-ear bias for both tasks of music perception. A control dichotic speech task showed a right-ear bias for all talent groups. The findings speak to how sensory information is managed by the mental-processing systems of differentially talented students and how talent training plays a role in shaping ear asymmetry.
Characterization and size control of cadmium sulfide/cadmium disulfide nanoparticles within random ionomer solutions

A solution method was used to synthesize cadmium sulfide/cadmium disulfide (CdS(2)) semiconductor nanoparticles which were imbedded within the core of ionic aggregates of poly(styrene-co-cadmium methacrylate) (P(S-co-CdMA)) random ionomers. This polymer serves as an effective stabilizer for CdS(2) nanoparticles. The formation process of the nanoparticles was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The crystal structure of the nanoparticles was determined to be cubic CdS and cubic CdS2, whose lattice constants are 5.83 A and 6.4–6.5 A, respectively. Cubic phase CdS2 nanoparticles are reported for the first time to form in solution at room temperature. The size control of CdS(2) quantum dots in the range of 2–5 nm was accomplished by varying the neutralization level (NL), copolymer composition (MAA), initial solution concentration of P(S-co-CdMA), and ratio of sulfur to cadmium (S∶Cd) during the nanoparticle formation process. A 22 × 32 full factorial design was used to systematically analyze the influences of these main factors and their interactions on the diameter of as-prepared nanoparticles. It was found that the diameter of the nanoparticles increased with increases in NL and S∶Cd ratio, with the latter as the most important factor. An empirical relationship was obtained relating the diameter of initially formed nanoparticles to NL, S∶Cd and the interaction between S∶Cd and ionomer concentration. The stability of CdS(2) nanoparticles was also investigated, which can be improved by increasing the sulfur to cadmium ratio.
Identifying binding hot spots on protein surfaces by mixed-solvent molecular dynamics: HIV-1 protease as a test case

Mixed-solvent molecular dynamics (MixMD) simulations use full protein flexibility and competition between water and small organic probes to achieve accurate hot-spot mapping on protein surfaces. In this study, we improved MixMD using human immunodeficiency virus type-1 protease (HIVp) as the test case. We used three probe-water solutions (acetonitrile-water, isopropanol-water, and pyrimidine-water), first at 50% w/w concentration and later at 5% v/v. Paradoxically, better mapping was achieved by using fewer probes; 5% simulations gave a superior signal-to-noise ratio and far fewer spurious hot spots than 50% MixMD. Furthermore, very intense and well-defined probe occupancies were observed in the catalytic site and potential allosteric sites that have been confirmed experimentally. The Eye site, an allosteric site underneath the flap of HIVp, has been confirmed by the presence of a 5-nitroindole fragment in a crystal structure. MixMD also mapped two additional hot spots: the Exo site (between the Gly16-Gly17 and Cys67-Gly68 loops) and the Face site (between Glu21-Ala22 and Val84-Ile85 loops). The Exo site was observed to overlap with crystallographic additives such as acetate and dimethyl sulfoxide that are present in different crystal forms of the protein. Analysis of crystal structures of HIVp in different symmetry groups has shown that some surface sites are common interfaces for crystal contacts, which means that they are surfaces that are relatively easy to desolvate and complement with organic molecules. MixMD should identify these sites; in fact, their occupancy values help establish a solid cut-off where "druggable" sites are required to have higher occupancies than the crystal-packing faces.
Accordion: multi-scale recipes for adaptive detection of duplication

A recipe is metadata that describes the contents of a file as a sequence of blocks identified by their hash. Using recipes, one can rapidly compare the contents of two files without reading the files themselves. Unfortunately, recipes present a space/precision tradeoff: small block sizes will maximize the duplication that is discoverable, but large block sizes produce small recipes that can be compared more quickly. In this paper, we present Accordion, a toolset for the creation and use of multi-scale recipes - that is, recipes that include blocks at several different scales. We demonstrate two duplication-detection algorithms - one optimized for situations where lots of duplication is expected, and another for those where the existence of duplication is uncertain.
PPay: micropayments for peer-to-peer systems

Emerging economic P2P applications share the common need for an efficient, secure payment mechanism. In this paper, we present PPay, a micropayment system that exploits unique characteristics of P2P systems to maximize efficiency while maintaining security properties. We show how the basic PPay protocol far outperforms existing micropayment schemes, while guaranteeing that all coin fraud is detectable, traceable and unprofitable. We also present and analyze several extensions to PPay that further improve efficiency.
Nonparametric estimation of the bivariate recurrence time distribution.

Summary This article considers statistical models in which two different types of events, such as the diagnosis of a disease and the remission of the disease, occur alternately over time and are observed subject to right censoring. We propose nonparametric estimators for the joint distribution of bivariate recurrence times and the marginal distribution of the first recurrence time. In general, the marginal distribution of the second recurrence time cannot be estimated due to an identifiability problem, but a conditional distribution of the second recurrence time can be estimated nonparametrically. In the literature, statistical methods have been developed to estimate the joint distribution of bivariate recurrence times based on data on the first pair of censored bivariate recurrence times. These methods are inefficient in the model considered here because recurrence times of higher orders are not used. Asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators are established. Numerical studies demonstrate the estimators perform well with practical sample sizes. We apply the proposed method to the South Verona, Italy, psychiatric case register (PCR) data set for illustration of the methods and theory.
Practical operation range improvement of Voltage-Sourced Converter based STATCOM

Voltage-Sourced Converter (VSC) based STATCOM is used for voltage regulation in transmission and distribution systems. In order to lower the STATCOM losses and total system loss, switching devices in “angle controlled” STATCOM are fired once with the line frequency (50/60 Hz). Despite the superior features on voltage waveform quality and efficiency, the practical angle controlled STATCOMs suffer from the over current and possible saturation of the interfacing transformers caused by negative sequence generated by system faults and disturbances. In this paper, the current control scheme and Instantaneous Phase-Locked Loop (IPLL) for an “angle controlled” STATCOM are presented. From power electronic point of view, IPLL prevents over-current in the VSC under system faults and bus voltage distortions. The current control can further improve STATCOM operation with higher percentages of negative sequence voltage. In addition to improved system performance under fault, the system can be installed with regular transformers, not custom-designed or over-rated transformers. RTDS (Real Time Digital Simulator) results verify the applicability of the proposed IPLL based control methods.
Do nonasterid holoparasitic flowering plants have plastid genomes

Past work involving the plastid genome (plastome) of holoparasitic plants has been confined to Scrophulariaceae (or Orobanchaceae) which have truncated plastomes owing to loss of photosynthetic and other genes. Nonasterid holoparasites from Balanophoraceae (Corynaea), Hydnoraceae (Hydnora) and Cytinaceae (Cytinus) were tested for the presence of plastid genes and a plastome. Using PCR, plastid 16S rDNA was successfully amplified and sequenced from the above three holoparasites. The sequence of Cytinusshowed 121 single base substitutions relative to Nicotiana (8% of the molecule) whereas higher sequence divergence was observed in Hydnora and Corynaea (287 and 513 changes, respectively). Secondary structural models for these 16S rRNAs show that most changes are compensatory, thus suggesting they are functional. Probes constructed for 16S rDNA and for four plastid-encoded ribosomal protein genes (rps2, rps4, rps 7a ndrpl16) were used in Southern blots of digested genomic DNA from the three holoparasites. Positive hybridizations were obtained using each of the five probes only forCytinus .F or SmaI digests, all plastid gene probes hybridized to a common fragment ca. 20 kb in length in this species. Taken together, these data provide preliminary evidence suggestive of the retention of highly diverged and truncated plastid genome in Cytinus. The greater sequence divergence for 16S rDNA and the negative hybridization results for Hydnora and Corynaea suggests two possibilities: the loss of typically conserved elements of their plastomes or the complete absence of a plastome.
Towards an Information Asset-Based Defensive Cyber Damage Assessment Process

The use of computers and communication technologies to enhance command and control (C2) processes has yielded enormous benefits in military operations. Commanders are able to make higher quality decisions by accessing a greater number of information resources, obtaining more frequent updates from their information resources, and by correlation between, and across, multiple information resources to reduce uncertainty in the battlespace. However, these benefits do not come without a cost. The reliance on technology results in significant operational risk that is often overlooked and is frequently underestimated. In this research-in-progress paper, we discuss our initial findings in our efforts to improve the defensive cyber battle damage assessment process within US Air Force networks. We have found that the lack of a rigorous, well-documented, information asset-based risk management process results in significant uncertainty and delay when assessing the impact of an information incident.
Expression of Striatal Preprotachykinin mRNA in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine-Exposed Monkeys Is Related to Parkinsonian Motor Signs

Striatal preprotachykinin (PPT) gene expression and [3H]mazindol binding were examined in monkeys exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Some animals ( n = 5) became moderately to severely parkinsonian after receiving large doses of MPTP over 9–30 d and remained symptomatic for a relatively short time (3 weeks to 3 months; acutely symptomatic group). A second group of animals ( n = 5) received low doses of MPTP (1.5–12 months), developed cognitive impairments but displayed no gross motor deficits (asymptomatic group), and were killed 3–12 months after their final dose of MPTP. Other animals became moderately to severely parkinsonian after receiving escalating doses of MPTP (>6 months; n = 4) or high doses of MPTP (<1 month; n = 1) and remained symptomatic for 2.5–5.75 years (chronically symptomatic group). All MPTP-treated animals had extensive losses of [3H]mazindol binding in dorsal striatal sensorimotor regions with asymptomatic animals generally having a lesser degree of damage. However, PPT mRNA levels differed sharply among treatment groups. Symptomatic animals (acutely and chronically parkinsonian) had significantly decreased PPT mRNA levels in most striatal regions. In asymptomatic animals, PPT mRNA expression was not significantly different from that measured in control animals, despite decreases in [3H]mazindol binding in some striatal regions of similar magnitude to those observed in symptomatic animals. These observations suggest that PPT gene expression may be directly related to expression of parkinsonian motor symptomatology regardless of duration of MPTP exposure, duration of the parkinsonism, or extent of dopamine denervation. These results imply that the direct striatal output circuit may have a greater contribution to expression of parkinsonian symptomatology than proposed previously.
Glenoid resurfacing: what are the limits to asymmetric reaming for posterior erosion?

Eccentric posterior glenoid erosion is a common condition in osteoarthritis. No limits have ever been placed on the degree of eccentric erosion that can be corrected while still maintaining sufficient bone stock to implant a glenoid securely. Five cadaveric scapulae were dissected. Posterior glenoid erosion was created to simulate retroversion of 15° or more. A computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed the degree of glenoid retroversion. The glenoid was then reshaped to correct the glenoid retroversion to neutral, and a glenoid component with central and peripheral pegs was inserted. A second CT scan confirmed the correction to neutral and also evaluated the fit of the component into the glenoid. In all 5 experimental cases, at least 1 of the 4 pegs penetrated the glenoid vault. In 1 case, there was a fracture of the anterior rim. Glenoid retroversion of 15° or more cannot be satisfactorily corrected simply by reaming to lower the anterior edge of the glenoid and restore neutral version when using a glenoid component with peripheral pegs.
Valproate disrupts regulation of inositol responsive genes and alters regulation of phospholipid biosynthesis

Summary Valproate (VPA) is one of the two drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of bipolar disorder. The therapeutic mechanism of VPA has not been established. We have shown previously that growth of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the presence of VPA causes a decrease in intracellular inositol and inositol-1-P, and a dramatic increase in expression of INO1, which encodes the rate limiting enzyme for de novo inositol biosynthesis. To understand the underlying mechanism of action of VPA, INO1, CHO1 and INO2 expression, intracellular inositol and phospholipid biosynthesis were studied as a function of acute and chronic exposure of growing cells to the drug. A decrease in intracellular inositol was apparent immediately after addition of VPA. Surprisingly, expression of genes that are usually derepressed during inositol depletion, including INO1, CHO1 and INO2 (that contain inositol-responsive UASINO sequences) decreased several fold during the first hour, after which expression began to increase. Incorporation of 32Pi into total phospholipids was significantly decreased. Pulse labelling of CDP-DG and PG, shown previously to increase during inositol depletion, increased within 30 min. However, pulse labelling of PS, which normally increases during inositol depletion, was decreased within 30 min. PS synthase activity in cell extracts decreased with time, although VPA did not directly inhibit PS synthase enzyme activity. Thus, in contrast to the effect of chronic VPA treatment, short-term exposure to VPA abrogated the normal response to inositol depletion of inositol responsive genes and led to aberrant synthesis of phospholipids.
Psychotherapy Supervisor Ethical Practices Adherence to Guidelines, the Supervisory Working Alliance, and Supervisee Satisfaction

The overall purpose of this article is to present a review of the literature that identifies the salient ethical guidelines related to the practice of supervision and to discuss the results of a study that examined supervisor ethical practices. In terms of our investigation, we examined supervisee perceptions of their supervisors’ adherence to ethical guidelines, supervisee reactions to ethical violations, and the relationships among supervisor ethical behaviors, the supervisory working alliance, and supervisee satisfaction. The results indicated that 51% of the 151 beginning to intern-level supervisees sampled reported at least one ethical violation by their supervisors. The most frequently violated guidelines involved adequate performance evaluation, confidentiality issues relevant to supervision, and ability to work with alternative perspectives. Greater nonadherence to ethical guidelines was significantly related to a weaker supervisory alliance and lower supervisee satisfaction. Limitations and impli...
On Random Representable Matroids

On obtient des resultats sur les proprietes de connexite et la taille des circuits dans le matroide dependant de la colonne d'une matrice aleatoire 1×n sur un corps fini pour r et n grands
Converting Parallel Code from Low-Level Abstractions to Higher-Level Abstractions

Parallel libraries continuously evolve from low-level to higher-level abstractions. However, developers are not up-to-date with these higher-level abstractions, thus their parallel code might be hard to read, slow, and unscalable. Using a corpus of 880 open-source C# applications, we found that developers still use the old Thread and ThreadPool abstractions in 62% of the cases when they use parallel abstractions. Converting code to higher-level abstractions is i tedious and ii error-prone. e.g., it can harm performance and silence the uncaught exceptions. We present two automated migration tools, Task ifier and Simplifier that work for C# code. The first tool transforms old style Thread and ThreadPool abstractions to Task abstractions. The second tool transforms code with Task abstractions into higher-level design patterns. Using our code corpus, we have applied these tools 3026 and 405 times, respectively. Our empirical evaluation shows that the tools i are highly applicable, ii reduce the code bloat, iii are much safer than manual transformations. We submitted 66 patches generated by our tools, and the open-source developers accepted 53.
The Flexibility of DAE Formulations

There has been extensive research on DAEs and their applications. One major reason given for the usefulness of DAEs is that they are the initial way that many complex systems are most naturally modeled. But there are other ways that DAE formulations are useful. This survey focuses on a number of problems where the extra flexibility of a DAE formulation permits the solution of a problem that would be hard to solve otherwise.
Epitaxial Growth of BaZn1/3Ta2/3O3 Thin-Films for Microwave Applications

BaZn 1/3 Ta 2/3 O 3 (BZT) ceramics are widely used in current microwave communication applications due to the material's large-dielectric constant (e r > 25), ultra-low loss tangent (tan δ −5 at 2 GHz) and a near-zero temperature-coefficient of resonant frequency (τ f ∼0). In this paper, we report the first growth of epitaxial BZT thin films. The films are grown on MgO substrates using pulsed laser deposition. X-ray diffraction data indicate the films have a disordered pseudocubic perovskite structure with a small tetragonal distortion (i.e. a = b = 4.100 A; c = 4.088 A). An optimized substrate temperature of 575°C results in films which are over 98% oriented in the (001) direction and are relatively smooth (rms roughness of 5.2 A). X-ray diffraction Φ scans of off-axis (202) reflection show four-fold symmetry, indicating a high degree of in-plane epitaxy, albeit with small angle grain boundaries. The refractive index of epitaxial BZT films is inferred to be 5 from Fabry- Perot fringes in optical transmission spectra. Substrate temperatures during growth are limited to ∼600°C as a result of Zn loss.
A Highly Compact 2.4-GHz Passive 6-bit Phase Shifter With Ambidextrous Quadrant Selector

An extremely compact architecture for a passive 6-bit digital phase shifter is presented. The phase shifter has a range of 360° with 5.6° resolution at 2.4 GHz. The architecture is composed of an ambidextrous quadrant selector in series with a digital finetuned phase shifter that makes use of high-ratio symmetrical digitally variable capacitors loading a lumped element transmission line. The phase shifter achieves a 50 Ω match in all 64 states. The circuit occupies approximately 0.47 mm2 on die, and the entire test chip measured 0.84 mm2, including bond pads and ESD structures. The 1-dB compression point was +23 dBm. The chip was fabricated in a commercial 0.13-μm silicon-on-insulator CMOS process.
Critical Metrics and Fundamental Materials Challenges for Renewable Hydrogen Production Technologies

The US Department of Energy’s (DOE) Fuel Cell Technologies Office has made significant progress in fuel cell technology advancement and cost reduction. Encouragingly, rollouts of fuel-cell vehicles by major automotive manufacturers are scheduled over the next several years. With these rollouts, enabling technologies for the widespread production of affordable renewable hydrogen becomes increasingly important. Near-term utilization of current reforming and electrolytic processes is necessary for early hydrogen markets, but transitioning to industrial-scale renewable hydrogen production remains essential to the longer term. Central to the long term vision is a portfolio of renewable hydrogen conversion processes, including, for example, the direct photoelectrochemical and thermochemical routes, as well as photo-assisted electrochemical routes. DOE utilizes technoeconomic analyses to assess the long-term viability of these emerging hydrogen production pathways and to help identify key materials- and system-level cost drivers. Sensitivity analysis from the technoeconomic studies will be discussed in connection with the metrics and fundamental materials properties that have direct impact on hydrogen cost. It is clear that innovations in macro-, meso- and nano-scale materials are all needed for pushing forward the state-of-the-art. These innovations, along with specific research and development pathways for advancing materials systems for the renewable hydrogen conversion technologies are discussed.
Cardiotoxicity in a dish: new insights for personalized therapy

A recent study identifies differences in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes from patients with breast cancer who were treated with doxorubicin and either did or did not develop cardiotoxicity. The results open up new avenues for the development of personalized therapy and the prevention of cardiotoxicity.
Design Method of Versatility of Engineering Machinery Components Based on Modularity

In order to enhance the versatility,interchange ability and design flexibility of engineering machinery,the design method of component versatility based on modular is proposed.Based on the analysis required by consumers and machinery function decomposition,the system is basically divided by the method based on information flow,and then the final module partition is conducted by means of correlation degree analysis according to modularity theory.The structure of existing product components of the structure module mapped from the function module is analyzed,and the universalization project is designed for the universalizable structure module.The method is applied to design the self-propelled transmission system of typical wheel bulldozer and loader,which demonstrates its feasibility and availability and offers references to improving the modularity and universalization of components structure of engineering machinery product.
Making decisions about unseen data: Semi-supervised learning at different levels of specificity

An important, yet under-explored, problem in pattern recognition concerns learning from data labeled at varying levels of specificity. The majority of existing machine learning methods are based on the inductive learning paradigm, where a labeled training set (one label per training example) trains a classifier which is markedly different from the human learning experience, where any one object can take multiple labels (i.e. a dog is a dog, but it is also an animal and a living object). As a result, we propose a framework whereby the classification problem is a special case of the more general categorization problem. In this paper, we present a semi-supervised algorithm that can incorporate data with multiple labels drawn from a hierarchy to learn a categorical representation. We show that the proposed algorithm is able to learn the underlying hierarchy and to generalize to data outside of the training set. We validate the efficacy of the algorithm by training on a dataset of faces and testing the hierarchy on other images of faces.
My Intellectual Journey

In this paper, the author describes the major turning points in his intellectual life since he began teaching in the summer of 1998.
Thermal modeling and heat mitigation for femtosecond-laser-based silicon processing

Femtosecond laser processing of silicon has shown effective material removal, but with heat-induced formation of raised surface features. The surface heating phenomenon was simulated to optimize laser parameters for mitigating thermal effects in femtosecond processing.
Funding and Bias

This chapter reviews the implicit and explicit biases that emerge throughout the chain from researcher to patient. Conducting research studies and disseminating their results is a costly and time-consuming endeavor at every stage in the process, regardless of the funding source. Scientists devote years to advanced education, applying for grants, conducting studies, and writing their results. The pharmaceutical industry spends exorbitant sums of money conducting clinical trials with the sole aim of gathering sufficient data to obtain FDA approval. Editors of scientific journals prefer publishing studies with novel results and disproportionally reject studies with statistically insignificant results, resulting in publication bias. The media strives to inform the public of scientific developments while appeasing their advertisers’ needs for the most clicks, page views, and “likes,” often resulting in scientific journalism overstating conclusions regarding an otherwise precise and cautious process. While the research process is overwhelmingly not maliciously manipulated, the investments of so many interested parties must introduce even implicit elements of bias into the proceedings.
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a predictive marker of response to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in EGFR mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

e19117 Background: NLR has prognostic value in different types of cancers including NSCLC. EGFR TKI’s have conferred survival benefit to patients (pts) with advanced NSCLC harboring EGFR TK mutations (EGFRm+), although response and duration of clinical benefit varies. The predictive value of NLR in this setting is unknown. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on 42 pts with EGFR TKI-naive advanced EGFRm+ NSCLC. The objective of the study was to explore the correlation between NLR with response to EGFR TKI therapy. Pretreatment NLR was calculated from complete blood count (CBC) before the pts were started on Erlotinib and post treatment NLR was calculated from CBC after being on Erlotinib at the end of 2 months (mo) and 4 mo. Pts were classified into two groups, High NLR ≥ 5 or Low NLR < 5 . Response evaluation using RECIST 1.1 was based on imaging done at the end of 4 months of therapy. Fisher exact test was used for analysis. Results: The mean age of pts was 65y. Male: Female ratio was 1:2. 23 pts...
Constructive and Destructive Interference in Nonadiabatic Tunneling via Conical Intersections.

As a manifestation of the molecular Aharonov–Bohm effect, tunneling-facilitated dissociation under a conical intersection (CI) requires the inclusion of the geometric phase (GP) to ensure a single-valued adiabatic wave function encircling the CI. In this work, we demonstrate using a simple two-dimensional model that the GP induces destructive interference for vibrational states with even quanta in the coupling mode, but it leads to constructive interference for those with odd quanta. The interference patterns are manifested in tunneling wave functions and clearly affect the tunneling lifetime. It is further shown that the inclusion of the diagonal Born–Oppenheimer correction is necessary for agreement with exact results.
Cuticle Biosynthesis in Tomato Leaves Is Developmentally Regulated by Abscisic Acid

The expansion of aerial organs in plants is coupled with the synthesis and deposition of a hydrophobic cuticle, composed of cutin and waxes, which is critically important in limiting water loss. While the abiotic stress-related hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is known to up-regulate wax accumulation in response to drought, the hormonal regulation of cuticle biosynthesis during organ ontogeny is poorly understood. To address the hypothesis that ABA also mediates cuticle formation during organ development, we assessed the effect of ABA deficiency on cuticle formation in three ABA biosynthesis-impaired tomato mutants. The mutant leaf cuticles were thinner, had structural abnormalities, and had a substantial reduction in levels of cutin. ABA deficiency also consistently resulted in differences in the composition of leaf cutin and cuticular waxes. Exogenous application of ABA partially rescued these phenotypes, confirming that they were a consequence of reduced ABA levels. The ABA mutants also showed reduced expression of genes involved in cutin or wax formation. This difference was again countered by exogenous ABA, further indicating regulation of cuticle biosynthesis by ABA. The fruit cuticles were affected differently by the ABA-associated mutations, but in general were thicker. However, no structural abnormalities were observed, and the cutin and wax compositions were less affected than in leaf cuticles, suggesting that ABA action influences cuticle formation in an organ-dependent manner. These results suggest dual roles for ABA in regulating leaf cuticle formation: one that is fundamentally associated with leaf expansion, independent of abiotic stress, and another that is drought induced.
Financing the delivery of animal health services in developing countries: a case study of Ghana.

Inadequate financing for the delivery of animal health services in many developing countries has been blamed for lack of efficiency and effectiveness of veterinary services. There are no reports of how the delivery of veterinary services in Ghana is financed. The aim of this paper is to provide information on the funding of veterinary services in Ghana to help in decision making on resource allocation.
Sex Chromosome Markers as Indicators in Embryonic Development

Summary This paper will discuss the use of mosaic cell populations for studying developmental systems. The general method will be considered, brief analysis of pertinent literature will be presented, and the authors' own work using X-chromosomal mosaicism will be discussed. We have used two types of sex-linked markers, one genic, involving glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variation in human material, and the other an X-autosome translocation in the mouse. Our early studies with the human system involved its use as a tumor tracer, the question of interest being whether different tumors and metastases are multi- or unifocal in origin. More recently our efforts have been directed toward the application of this system to studies of normal embryogenesis, mainly of the hemopoietic system. We have considered the questions of the size of the embryonic hemopoietic precursor cell pool and the cell lineage relationships of erythrocytes, granulocytes, and lymphocytes. The major problem with this system in man is that we are studying distributions of cell types in adults and making inferences about embryonic organization. In the interval between the differentiative events and the observation and inference, selection and other processes may occur. Because of this problem, we have concentrated recently on developing a system in the mouse to permit analyses at the cellular level in early embryonic stages. The marker involved is Cattanach's translocation, an inactive X being identified by its replication pattern. This system and some preliminary results obtained with it will be described.