cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lessons from cosmic history: the case for a linear star formation – H2 relation

Observations show that star formation in galaxies is closely correlated with the abundance of molecular hydrogen. Modeling this empirical relation from first principles proves challenging, however, and many questions regarding its properties remain open. For instance, the exact functional form of the relation is still debated and it is also unknown whether it applies at z>4, where CO observations are sparse. Here, we analyze how the shape of the star formation -- gas relation affects the cosmic star formation history and global galaxy properties using an analytic model that follows the average evolution of galaxies in dark matter halos across cosmic time. We show that a linear relation with an H2 depletion time of ~2.5 Gyr, as found in studies of nearby galaxies, results in good agreement with current observations of galaxies at both low and high redshift. These observations include the evolution of the cosmic star formation rate density, the z~4-9 UV luminosity function, the evolution of the mass -- metallicity relation, the relation between stellar and halo mass, and the gas-to-stellar mass ratios of galaxies. In contrast, the short depletion times that result from adopting a highly super-linear star formation -- gas relation lead to large star formation rates, substantial metal enrichment (~0.1 solar), and low gas-to-stellar mass ratios already at z~10, in disagreement with observations. These results can be understood in terms of an equilibrium picture of galaxy evolution in which gas inflows, outflows, and star formation drive the metallicities and gas fractions toward equilibrium values that are determined by the ratio of the accretion time to the gas depletion time. In this picture, the cosmic modulation of the accretion rate is the primary process that drives the evolution of stellar masses, gas masses, and metallicities of galaxies from high redshift until today.
Measurement Issues in Environmental Corporate Social Responsibility (ECSR): Toward a Transparent, Reliable, and Construct Valid Instrument

One of the major roadblocks in conducting Environmental Corporate Social Responsibility (ECSR) research is operationalization of the construct. Existing ECSR measurement tools either require primary data gathering or special subscriptions to proprietary databases that have limited replicability. We address this deficiency by developing a transparent ECSR measure, with an explicit coding scheme, that strictly relies on publicly available data. Our ECSR measure tests favorably for internal consistency and inter-rater reliability, as well as convergent and discriminant validity.
Determination of folate concentrations in diverse potato germplasm using a trienzyme extraction and a microbiological assay.

Folate deficiency is a leading cause of birth defects and is implicated in several other diseases. We are interested in how much folate concentrations vary among potato germplasm. We determined total folate concentrations of potato tubers from 67 cultivars, advanced breeding lines, or wild species. Folates were extracted by a tri-enzyme treatment and analyzed by using a Lactobacillus rhamnosus microbiological assay. Folate concentrations varied from 521 ± 96 to 1373 ± 230 ng/g dry weight and were genotype and location dependent. The highest folate concentrations were mostly found in color-fleshed potatoes. Variations of folate concentrations within either color- or white-fleshed tubers were similar (∼2-fold). Skin contained ∼30% higher folate concentrations than flesh. Storage of tubers for 7 months generally led to an increase in folate contents. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analyses showed that higher folate contents were correlated with lower mRNA expression of some folate genes. Keywords: Folate; potato; S...
Ugandan relations with Western donors in the 1990s: what impact on democratisation?

Aid donors' support for democratisation in sub-Saharan Africa in the 1990s has been tempered by their desire to achieve other objectives. In Uganda, a high level of donor support for the Museveni government has been compatible with the Ugandan government's reluctance to introduce multiparty democracy. Donors have opted for ‘dialogue’ rather than coercive methods. This may be ascribed to a number of factors, including the destruction from which Uganda was recovering, the need to present Uganda as a success story for economic liberalisation, and donors' need to maintain good relations with Uganda in order to pursue their foreign policy goals. The resulting donor–recipient relationship has however created dangers for the maintenance of long-term sustainable democracy in Uganda, by condoning divisive policies, and neglecting the need for coalition-building and conflict resolution.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in wild and domestic turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo)

We describe the isolation, development and application of seven microsatellite loci in the eastern wild turkey, Meleagris gallopavo silvestris, as well as their amplification and levels of polymorphism in the domestic turkey. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 15 and average heterozygosity was high for almost all loci. Domestic turkeys showed significantly reduced numbers of alleles per locus and overall heterozygosities when compared to eastern wild turkeys. The high variability in these markers should provide the level of resolution required to continue studies of wild turkey population genetics.
The N-end rule pathway and regulation by proteolysis

The N-end rule relates the regulation of the in vivo half-life of a protein to the identity of its N-terminal residue. Degradation signals (degrons) that are targeted by the N-end rule pathway include a set called N-degrons. The main determinant of an N-degron is a destabilizing N-terminal residue of a protein. In eukaryotes, the N-end rule pathway is a part of the ubiquitin system and consists of two branches, the Ac/N-end rule and the Arg/N-end rule pathways. The Ac/N-end rule pathway targets proteins containing Nα-terminally acetylated (Nt-acetylated) residues. The Arg/N-end rule pathway recognizes unacetylated N-terminal residues and involves N-terminal arginylation. Together, these branches target for degradation a majority of cellular proteins. For example, more than 80% of human proteins are cotranslationally Nt-acetylated. Thus, most proteins harbor a specific degradation signal, termed AcN-degron, from the moment of their birth. Specific N-end rule pathways are also present in prokaryotes and in mitochondria. Enzymes that produce N-degrons include methionine-aminopeptidases, caspases, calpains, Nt-acetylases, Nt-amidases, arginyl-transferases, and leucyl-transferases. Regulated degradation of specific proteins by the N-end rule pathway mediates a legion of physiological functions, including the sensing of heme, oxygen, and nitric oxide; selective elimination of misfolded proteins; the regulation of DNA repair, segregation, and condensation; the signaling by G proteins; the regulation of peptide import, fat metabolism, viral and bacterial infections, apoptosis, meiosis, spermatogenesis, neurogenesis, and cardiovascular development; and the functioning of adult organs, including the pancreas and the brain. Discovered 25 years ago, this pathway continues to be a fount of biological insights.
SITE SPECIFIC PREDICTORS OF POSITIVE MARGINS AT RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY: AN ARGUMENT FOR RISK BASED MODIFICATION OF TECHNIQUE

AbstractPurpose: We identify patients at high risk for positive bladder neck, apical or posterior margins who may benefit from technical modifications, such as excision of the bladder neck or wide exision of the neurovascular bundles.Materials and Methods: We studied 242 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy with or without neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy between June 1992 and August 1997 who had a sextant biopsy available for review. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to develop models for prediction of positive bladder neck, apical, and right and left posterior margins based on clinical parameters. From these models patients at low and high risk for positive margins were identified.Results: The incidence of positive margins was 36% with 69% solitary sites. Patients with a prostate specific antigen of greater than 10 ng./ml. had a higher incidence (16%) of positive bladder neck margins. Patients with 3 or more positive cores who did n...
Test-retest reliability and reproducibility of short-echo-time spectroscopic imaging of human brain at 3T

A 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study at 3T and short echo time was conducted to evaluate both the reproducibility, as measured by the interscan coefficient of variation (CV), and test-retest reliability, as measured by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), of measurements of glutamate (Glu), combined glutamate and glutamine (Glx), myo-inositol (mI), N-acetylaspartate, creatine, and choline in 21 healthy subjects. The effect of partial volume correction on these measures and the relationship of reproducibility and reliability to data quality were also examined. A 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging slice was prescribed above the lateral ventricles and single repeat scans were performed within 30 min to minimize physiologic variability. Interscan CVs based on all the voxels varied from 0.05 to 0.07 for N-acetylaspartate, creatine, and choline to 0.10-0.13 for mI, Glu, and Glx. Findings on the reproducibility of gray and white matter estimates of N-acetylaspartate, creatine, and choline are consistent with previous studies using longer echo times, with CVs in the range of 0.02-0.04 and ICC in the range of 0.65-0.90. CVs for Glu, Glx, and mI are much lower than reported in previous studies at 1.5 T, while white matter mI (CV=0.04, ICC=0.93) and gray matter Glx (CV=0.04, ICC=0.68) demonstrated both high reproducibility and test-retest reliability.
Offset tuning curves generated by simultaneous masking are more finely tuned than those generated by forward masking.

Abstract The rapid ending of a tone produces an evoked potential which has different properties than that which is produced by the sudden onset of a tone. At the level of the round window, the offset N1 N2 follows the ending of the cochlear microphonic (CM) by approximately the same amount of time as does the onset N1 N2 to the onset of the CM. Both onset and offset responses are abolished with cochlear lesion. Continuous masking was used to generate tuning curves (TCs) from the NI-PI component of the evoked potential recorded from the round window of the gerbil. Those evoked potentials generated in response to the tone onset were complementary in appearance to those generated in response to the tone offset. TCs generated by continuous masking of the NI-PII component of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) of the gerbil show the same pattern. When it is generated by simultaneous masking, the midfrequency offset TC in the gerbil and mouse is W-shaped. It has two well tuned tips which occur at frequencies below and above that of the probe stimulus used to generate the TC. It also has an even better tuned peak occurring at or slightly above the probe stimulus frequency, which becomes sharper as the masker sound pressure level (SPL) is increased from 50 to over 80 dB. Because the midfrequency onset response is approximately 40 dB lower than the midfrequency offset response, probe stimuli for onset TCs are generally set at lower SPLs. When the onset probe stimulus is set to the same level as that of the offset probe, the Q 10 dB of the offset TC may be up to 10 times the value of the Q 10dB of the onset TC. The offset TC generated in the CBA/J mouse by forward masking is quite different from that produced by simultaneous masking. Both forward and simultaneous conditions utilized a 40 ms duration tone to mask the PI-NI component of offset and onset ABRs of the mouse which were evoked by a 10 ms duration, 32 kHz tone, presented at an interstimulus interval of 160 ms. Forward masking (when compared with simultaneous masking) resulted in a more sharply tuned onset TC. But the offset TC was much less sharply tuned in the forward masking condition. This suggests that the offset response may reflect functions which are involved with fine tuning at moderate to high intensities in the presence of simultaneous sounds of similar spectral characteristics. The offset TC may provide a means of examining cochlear functions which are involved in the perception of speech, over a wide range of SPLs and frequencies, in the intact animal.
A comparison of language achievement in children with cochlear implants and children using hearing aids

English language achievement of 29 prelingually deaf children with 3 or more years of cochlear implant (CI) experience was compared to the achievement levels of prelingually deaf children who did n...
Dopamine concentration in the cytoplasmic compartment of single neurons determined by capillary electrophoresis

It has long been a goal of the biochemist to study the chemistry of single cells. This is particularly important in neuroscience, since each cell can maintain a specific function and identity. Investigations into neurotransmitter compartmentalization within the cell body of neurons should lead to an understanding of the role of the cell body in metabolism, uptake and storage of neurotransmitters. Using capillary electrophoresis, it has been possible to separate and detect attomole levels of neurotransmitter in picoliter volumes of cytoplasm withdrawn from single neurons of the pond snail, Planorbis corneus. This work demonstrates, for the first time, the direct determination of the cytoplasmic concentration of dopamine in single, intact neurons.
Standard Reconstruction Techniques: Techniques of Ureteroneocystostomy During Urinary Diversion

The principles of ureteric reconstruction during urinary diversion are not dissimilar from other reconstructive techniques used in the rest of the urinary tract. Excellent vascular supply, complete excision of devitalized tissue, good drainage, and a tension-free anastomosis are of paramount importance. Various operative procedures have been described for replacement of the bladder after cystectomy or in conditions with severe bladder dysfunction (eg, in patients with neuropathic bladder). An important requirement after reconstruction of the lower urinary tract, such as with an ileal conduit or orthotopic bladder substitution, is that the reconstruction should not jeopardize the integrity of the upper urinary tract. The development of partial or complete obstruction of urine flow, the reflux of infected urine, and the formation of renal stones are factors that may adversely affect renal function.
Designing Heterogeneous Embedded Network-on-Chip Platforms With Users in Mind

In this paper, we propose a user-centric design methodology targeting heterogeneous embedded systems-on-chip where communication happens via the network-on-chip approach. More precisely, in this new design methodology, we consider explicitly the information about the user experience and apply machine learning techniques to develop a design flow which aims at minimizing the workload variance; this allows the system to better adapt to different types of user needs and workload variations. Our experimental results show that by considering the user experience into the design space exploration step, the system platforms generated by our approach achieve more than 30% energy savings, on average, compared to the single platform derived from the traditional design flow; this implies that each system configuration we generate is highly suitable for the targeted class of user and workload behaviors.
Ontology for Querying Heterogeneous Data Sources in Freight Transportation

AbstractNavigating through multiple heterogeneous freight data sources to find the ones that are relevant to answering a question can be a challenging task when performed manually. It is highly dependent on the individual’s knowledge of all available data sources and the information contained in each one. Multiple factors contribute to freight data heterogeneity, including differences in data element definitions, level of disaggregation, and classification systems. This paper proposes a standardized knowledge representation of freight data sources using an ontology that both computer systems and domain experts can understand. The ontology is developed from a formal representation of data elements found to exist in freight data sources. The paper also presents a querying algorithm for searching through the ontology and determining relevant freight data sources that can be used for answering user queries. The proposed ontology and querying algorithm facilitate the querying and identification of relevant fre...
Introduction to scientific research: research experiences for undergraduates

A course for research experiences for undergraduates in mathematics is described. The classroom environment is nontraditional in the sense that formal lectures, group discussions, brainstorming sessions, and structured computer demonstrations are used. The course is structured so that it is self-contained and requires students to have basic programming skills and calculus. The use of symbolic computational languages, such as Maple, allows students early in their academic career to explore many different types of models analytically as well as numerically. The course is centered around communications, task sets, and the development of knowledge sets. Oral and written communication is developed through completion of three PowerPoint presentations, a poster, and a research paper composed using LATEX. To keep the students focused, task sets are used to ensure the students are always making progress. The knowledge sets are used to shape the content for the course. This course can be easily altered to develop a research course in any field by altering the knowledge sets. Suggestions are presented for changes in the knowledge sets for control research.
Serially multiplexed dual-point fiber-optic acoustic emission sensor

Development of a serially multiplexed fiber-optic acoustic emission (AE) sensor is described. The sensor detects AE events in real time at two different points along the length of an optical fiber. The time-domain waveform contains signals from the two locations, and a method is introduced for identification of the signals. Detection and identification of signals along a single data stream reduces the data-acquisition rigor and provides for rapid real-time damage location detection in materials. The sensor consists of two optical fiber coils along an arbitrary length in a Michelson interferometer arrangement. The formulations involve the methodology for tagging of the time-domain signals. The process leads to matching of the arrival times in the waveform to the individual coils along the length of the optical fiber. The waveform is detected at the quadrature point for maximum sensitivity. A bias is created through differentiation and superposition of the waveform to accomplish signal identification. The experimental program involved proof of concept tests by way of damage location detection along the lengths of individual composite rods. Conventional piezoelectric transducers were also employed for comparison of results.
The ϕ4 Breather

The ϕ 4 breather solves an important special case of the Klein-Gordon equation $$ u_{xx} - u_{tt} - g\left( u \right) = 0 $$ (12.1) Klein-Gordon equations arise in a great diversity of physical applications including: uniaxial ferroelectrics, excitations in polyacetylene and other polymers, mobile domain walls, the Ginzburg-Landau theory of phase transitions, nonlinear optics (Lamb, 1971), and elementary particle physics. Campbell, Schonfeld, and Wingate (1983) and Korpel and Bannerjee (1984) are reviews.
CYP51 : A Major Drug Target in the Cytochrome P450 Superfamily

The cytochrome P540 (CYP) superfamily currently includes about 9,000 proteins forming more than 800 families. The enzymes catalyze monooxygenation of a vast array of compounds and play essentially two roles. They provide biodefense (detoxification of xenobiotics, antibiotic production) and participate in biosynthesis of important endogenous molecules, particularly steroids. Based on these two roles, sterol 14|*alpha*|-demethylases (CYP51) belong to the second group of P450s. The CYP51 family, however, is very special as its members preserve strict functional conservation in enzyme activity in all biological kingdoms. At amino acid identity across the kingdoms as low as 25–30%, they all catalyze essentially the same three-step reaction of oxidative removal of the 14|*alpha*|-methyl group from the lanostane frame. This reaction is the required step in sterol biosynthesis of pathogenic microbes. We have shown that specific inhibition of protozoan CYP51 can potentially provide treatment for human trypanosomiases. Three sets of CYP51 inhibitors tested in vitro and in trypanosomal cells in this study include azoles [best results being 50% cell growth inhibition at <1 and at 1.3 μM for Trypanosoma cruzi (TC) and Trypanosoma brucei (TB), respectively], non-azole compounds (50% TC cell growth inhibition at 5 μM) and substrate analogs of the 14|*alpha*|-demethylase reaction. 32-Methylene cyclopropyl lanost-7-enol exhibited selectivity toward TC with 50% cell growth inhibition at 3 μM.
Oxygen desorption from α-Al2O3 (0001) supported Rh, Pt and Pd particles

Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) was used to study the interaction of oxygen with both large (∼10 nm) and small (<2 nm) Rh, Pt and Pd particles supported on α-Al 2 O 3 (0001). The results of this study indicate that O 2 desorption from large particles of Rh, Pt and Pd is similar to that from low-index planes of the respective metal single crystals. Additionally, O 2 desorption from small Rh particles is similar to that from the close-packed planes of bulk Rh. In contrast O 2 desorption from small particles of Pt and Pd occurs at a significantly higher temperature than that from the respective, low-index single crystal surfaces despite a much higher saturation oxygen coverage on the small particles. Possible explanations for the differences in O 2 desorption as a function of particle size for the various metals is discussed.
Taste-active Components in Foods, with Concentration on Umami Compounds

A century ago, an amino acid, L-glutamate (Glu), was found to be the important substance for umami (savory) taste of a Japanese soup stock cooked with sea tangle. Since that time, umami seasoning has been used to make foods palatable all over the world. Chemical analysis proved that Glu had been used for savory seasonings around the world, though its taste had been hidden behind the flavors of fat or herbs. Recently, research has shown that Glu affects the chemical senses not only in the oral cavity but also in the gastrointestinal tract, and it modulates the ingestion, digestion and metabolism of proteins. Umami taste, one of the five basic tastes along with sweet, salty, sour and bitter tastes, derived from Japanese cuisine, might be applicable for the nutritional care of elderly people, who are at risk for protein malnutrition even in developed countries.
Microbial analyses of dental plaque of monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) using fluorescent antibody techniques.

— Selected microbial components in supragingival dental plaque from recently captured monkeys were determined. Using specific fluorescent antibody (FA) conjugates S. sanguis was found to constitute an average of 11.8% of all cells. The population of Actinomyees accounted for 20.7% (range 5-31) with A. viscosus and A. naeslundii as predominant species. Few lactobacilli were encountered. S. mutans was not detected in any specimens when examined by culture and FA.
Learning by the Linguist‐Informant Method

Author's Summary— First-hand observation gives convincing proof of the efficacy of this method. Practical considerations may stand in the way of its wide-spread use, but its success should renew faith in the oral-aural approach, and encourage efforts to modify existing programs to include all such features as are feasible in present circumstances.
Conversations, conferences, and the practice of intellectual discussion

This paper analyzes a conference panel discussion entitled "Identity in Crisis: The Issue of Agency in Social Constructionism and Postmodernism" in order to identify some limits to intellectual discussion. The panel participants made a deliberate attempt to engage in a self-reflexive language game about the language game of intellectual discussion in the conference format. This attempt revealed the highly sedimented nature of discursive practice in the conference setting, at least, and perhaps more generally. This analysis of the extent to which sedimented practices limit the exercise of agency highlights academic practices which typically are hidden or considered too obvious to merit attention.
The role of PI 3-kinase p110beta in AKT signally, cell survival, and proliferation in human prostate cancer cells.

BACKGROUND Class IA PI 3-kinases produce phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 is bound by AKT which facilities its activation by PDK1. Activated AKT promotes cell survival and stimulates cell proliferation. Class IA PI 3-kinases are heterodimers consisting of a regulatory subunit p85 and a catalytic subunit p110. The p110α isoform has been shown to be mutated in a number of tumor types. A number of recent studies suggest that the p110β isoform may be functionally relevant in prostate cancer. In this study we extend this work to include the examination of the expression and functional properties of p110α and p110β in three different prostate cancer cell lines, DU145, LNCaP, PC3, as well as the non-tumorigenic but immortalized RWPE1 prostate epithelial cell line. METHODS Western blot analysis was used to measure protein expression and quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure mRNA levels. After targeted knockdown using isoform-specific siRNAs to reduce PI 3-kinase p110α or p110β isoform expression, we measured downstream signally events such as phosphorylation of AKT, ERK 1/2, PDK, and FOXO, as well as biological consequences such as changes in apoptosis, and alterations in cell cycle progression. RESULTS In all three prostate cancer cell lines examined, targeted knockdown of p110β, and not p110α, resulted in significantly reduced AKT, PDK, and FOXO phosphorylation. While knockdown of either p110 isoform resulted in an increase in apoptosis and a cell cycle arrest in G1 in the remaining non-apoptotic cells, these effects were much more pronounced with knockdown of p110β. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the concept that p110β appears to be the predominant functional class I PI 3-kinase isoform in prostate cancer cells. Prostate 70: 755–764, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Talent Search: Student and Parent Perceptions of Out-of-Level Testing.

Every year, hundreds of thousands of academically gifted 7th- and 8th-grade students participate in 1 of 4 regional or several local talent searches, through which they take the ACT or SAT as an out-of-level test. Participation in a talent search offers young students the opportunity to learn about their abilities, practice taking the standardized test they will eventually take for college admittance, obtain information about educational opportunities, and become eligible for rigorous summer and weekend education programs with similarly gifted peers. Very little information is available from the perspectives of students and parents regarding what it is like to take these tests as a 7th or 8th grader. We surveyed 909 students and their parents about their reasons for participating in one of the regional talent searches, the ways in which they prepared for the test, and their feelings while taking the test. Results suggest that students participated in the talent search primarily to gain experience taking t...
Hot Topics in Pediatric Neuroradiology

SUMMARY: Advances in brain imaging technologies allow a more comprehensive means to investigate pediatric neurological disorders and diseases. This article highlights 5 unique projects in pediatric neuroradiology which may improve our understanding of these disorders.
Foraminiferal Life and Residue Assemblages from Cretaceous Slope Deposits

Distinctive foraminiferal assemblages and dissolution patterns are associated with Cretaceous clastic deep-water sediments along the eastern North Pacific continental margin. These sediments were deposited in bathyal, low-oxygen chemically reducing environments, as is evidenced by their foraminiferal composition, lithology, sedimentary constituents, organic-carbon content, and associated organisms. In species composition and morphology, the foraminiferal assemblages closely resemble modern faunas from low-oxygen environments on the continental slope and in deep-water basins along the eastern North Pacific Ocean. The Cretaceous life assemblage is characterized by species of Praebulimina , the subfamily Chilostomellinae, and several agglutinated and nodosariid genera, among others. In southern California this assemblage is restricted to the laminated mudstone facies of the Upper Cretaceous Point Loma Formation, which exhibits limited bioturbation and contains large amounts of organic detritus and pyrite. By comparison with modern depositional environments, bottom conditions probably were oxygen deficient but not anaerobic. Differential preservation of the foraminiferal fauna in the Point Loma Formation resulted from diagenic dissolution in the chemically reducing sediments. The subsequent residue assemblage is enriched in resistant forms such as thick-walled, compact calcareous and agglutinated benthic species; it is impoverished in planktonic and less resistant benthic species. Selected species are ranked according to their susceptibility to dissolution by noting their successive stage of preservation. These data illustrate the complex interactions between environmental and diagenetic processes that strongly influence interpretations of paleontologic age and environment of deposition.
Magma addition and flux calculations of incrementally constructed magma chambers in continental margin arcs: Combined field, geochronologic, and thermal modeling studies

Incrementally constructed magma systems have been recognized from studies of the resulting plutons for more than three decades. However, magma addition rates, fluxes, growth durations, sizes of increments, and sizes and durations of the resulting magma chambers have been difficult to ascertain, emphasizing the need for a better understanding of how magmatic systems evolve. Our results from studies of plutons and arc sections in the North American Cordillera indicate that a large range exists in all of these values. Although arc sections and individual plutons clearly have dramatic temporal changes in volumetric magma additions, true volumetric flux calculations are particularly difficult to determine. Thus, although subduction beneath arcs may have active durations of hundreds of millions of years, volumetrically most magmatism is emplaced during magmatic flare-ups of ∼10–30 m.y. duration. Individual plutons and batholiths in these arcs can grow in
Selection of Treatment for Primary Breast Cancer

Selection of therapy for primary breast cancer must be based on the stage of advancement. The Columbia clinical classification (stages A, B, C, D) is simple, precise and practiced and may be used to select therapy as well as to compare various forms of treatment. Recommendations for therapy are presented based on this classification.
Application of Combined Measuring Point Device to Longquanshan Tunnel Construction Monitoring

Based on both analysis on the status quo of monitoring technology for tunnel construction and requirements on monitoring method and accuracy in different deformation stages,"multi-function combined measuring-point device for tunnel displacement deformation monitoring ",in connection with step-by-step excavation,is suggested to be used for monitoring measure of tunnel construction.The paper introduces the rationale and data analysis of the new combined method for tunnel monitoring and takes the monitoring at Longquanshan Tunnel as the example.The practice shows that this monitoring method finds the way out of the incontinuity of data acquisition in step-by-step excavation when normal monitoring and the monitoring accuracy meet the requirements of Specification.
The Fallacies of Hermeticism

Matthew Arnold, who thought criticism, literary and other, might do something worthwhile for the world, wondered whether the time would come when a member of parliament would be disturbed by social anomalies. Although I am an admirer of Arnold, his naivete shows strongly here: it is not just that elected government officials are primarily concerned only about positioning themselves for the next election, but, more striking from my point of view as a denizen of an English department, is his touching faith that well-read critics would be disturbed by intellectual anomalies. We now find that not only anomalies but obvious fallacies of kinds against which thinkers have been warned at least since Aristotle are not only tolerated but celebrated. Has the penchant for fallacies and strategies whose purpose appears to be to obscure rather than clarify been with us since the beginning of the poststructuralist ethos? And is it simply old-fashioned to object to modes of thought long regarded as sources of error — have such fallacies as equivocation,absolutism, and hypostatization been enfranchised, even ennobled, by a new access of wisdom, or have they simply been allowed to creep in? Is it an antique notion that error breeds error, or in an age that seems happily to accept the formula that all reading is misreading, is it absurd to speak of error at all?
Business-to-Business Solution Provision: An Empirical Investigation of the Deliberate vs. Creative Problem-Solving Routines of Salespeople

The provision of high-value integrated solutions that address customers’ business or operational needs can lead to potential competitive advantages (Davies 2004). Formally, “a solution is a set of customer–supplier relational processes comprising (1) customer requirement definition, (2) customization and integration of goods and/or services and (3) their deployment, and (4) postdeployment customer support, all of which are aimed at meeting customers’ business needs” (Tuli et al. 2007, p. 5). Solving customers’ problems is critical and providing customized solutions that may consist of tangible products; application of specialized competences (knowledge and skills) through deeds, processes, and performances; or combinations that solve customer problems could lead to competitive advantages in the marketplace (Vargo and Lusch 2004).
Waveform Analysis Extends the Capabilities of aPTT and PT Clotting Assays for Detecting Factor Deficiency and Monitoring Procoagulant Drug Therapy

Abstract Abstract 1205 Coagulation assays, such as activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT), are important for the diagnosis and treatment of bleeding disorders. Waveform analysis (WA) of the optical data generated in performing coagulation assays may provide additional information that will allow further understanding of coagulation disorders and their treatment (Hemophilia. 2006;12(suppl 3):76). Since WA employs assays currently in use in the clinical laboratory, it has the potential to be easily adapted to the clinical setting. To assess the utility of WA in procoagulant drug discovery for hemophilia, we determined its ability to: 1) discriminate between different factor deficiencies by factor-specific coagulation assays and by standard aPTT; and 2) discriminate between hemophilic plasma (with and without inhibitors) spiked with therapeutic proteins used to treat hemophilia. The ultimate goal of the study was to determine the feasibility of WA in monitoring hemophilia therapy in the clinic. WA of plasma from factor (F)-deficient (FVIII, von Willebrand factor [type III vWD], FIX, and FVII) donors showed both absorbance and first-derivative waveform differences. Differences in first-derivative curves for severe hemophilia A plasma relative to vWD type III plasma were observed. The hemophilic plasma had a longer lag time (113 vs 93 seconds, respectively) and lower peak amplitude (29.7 vs 54.7 AU) than the vWD type III plasma. To determine whether WA might be useful for assessing the procoagulant activity of FVIII and FVIII bypass therapeutic agents, we compared waveforms of plasma-derived FVIII (WHO 8th) with pegylated FVIII (BAY 94–9027) in hemophilia A plasma or of rFVIIa variant and BAY 86–6150 in hemophilia A plasma containing 112 BU inhibitor. The waveforms obtained with WHO 8th and BAY 94–9027 were almost identical by ellagic acid aPTT with the first derivative giving lag times of approximately 31 seconds for both 5% WHO 8th and 5% BAY 94–9027. WA was able to detect rFVIIa and BAY 86–6150–mediated coagulation at 1.4 nM by first-derivative waveform in silica aPTT. Comparison of rFVIIa with BAY 86–6150 at this concentration indicated that BAY 86–6150 was more procoagulant than rFVIIa, with a shorter lag time of 75.9 seconds vs 97.9 seconds (measured by taking the first derivative of the waveform). Therefore, in addition to clot time or activity levels currently available by standard aPTT/PT, WA allows further insight into the kinetics of coagulation. In conclusion, WA holds promise as a global hemostasis assay that will extend the current utility of optical coagulation analyzers used in the clinic. Disclosures: Leong: Bayer HealthCare: Employment. Jiang: Bayer HealthCare: Employment. Cifrese: Bayer HealthCare: Employment. Murphy: Bayer HealthCare: Employment. Haaning: Bayer HealthCare: Employment. Myles: Bayer HealthCare: Employment.
Resonance Capture γ Rays from Platinum

The high-energy gamma rays following neutron capture in a platinum target have been studied at the Brookhaven-AECL fast chopper facility at Chalk River. The transitions to the ${0}^{+}$ ground state and the first two excited ${2}^{+}$ states in ${\mathrm{Pt}}^{196}$ have been measured for 15 resonances from 11.9 to 296 eV. Relative transition probabilities for these cases have been determined and are compared to the chi-squared class of probability distribution functions.
Effect of armrest positioning and workspace constraints on muscle activity for touchless gestural controls

The recent development of affordable technologies now allow touchless gestural controls to be integrated in common computing environments, however, ergonomic issues (user fatigue, in particular) ha...
THE ACUTE CARE CONTINUUM IN CALIFORNIA

SUMMARY California's acute care system provides several essential services and compares favorably with other developed countries. For developing systems, a critical analysis of the California model suggests: (1) ambulatory patients require timely access to urgent and continuing primary care in communities to allow the ED to focus on more essential services; (2) outcomes from highly specialized care in California support the wider consensus that time-sensitive, life-threatening emergency conditions are best managed within regionalized systems of care; (3) ED-oriented care teams are well positioned to rapidly evaluate and treat patients with acute exacerbations of chronic conditions, reducing the need for more costly hospital admission or readmission; (4) frequent visitors to ED's due to poorly controlled behavioral health require their own urgent treatment pathways to preserve ED capacity.
Design techniques for in-field memristor forming circuits

This work presents circuit design techniques for infield forming of metal-oxide memristor-based systems. While several works have addressed forming from a device characterization stand point, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the integration of a forming circuit in a memristor-based application hasn't been thoroughly studied. Two challenges exist for in-field forming which are the high forming voltages required and SPICE level modeling of the forming process. Both challenges are addressed in this work and circuit level solutions are provided. A method for incorporating forming in memristor models is proposed via increasing the high resistance state (HRS) value to mimic the pre-forming resistance of the device and simulating the design for a wide range of pre-forming resistances. Also, a circuit design is presented for proper isolation of peripheral circuitry during forming to avoid any malfunction. It is shown that forming is executed successfully without disrupting the CMOS peripheral circuitry. It is important to highlight the need for developing a concise physical model for forming in SPICE environment. Also, device designers should work on lowering the forming voltage in order to ease the integration of forming circuits in memristor based applications.
Two-color vibrational imaging of glucose metabolism using stimulated Raman scattering

A two-color vibrational imaging technique for simultaneously mapping glucose uptake and incorporation activity inside single living cells is reported. Heterogeneous patterns of glucose metabolism are directly visualized from the ratiometric two-color images for various cell types, cells undergoing epithelia-to-mesenchymal transitions and live mouse brain tissues. The two-color imaging of glucose metabolism here demonstrates the development of multi-functional vibrational probes for multicolor imaging of cellular metabolism.
XML Externalization Built into Compiler Front-Ends Using a Parser Generator

This paper describes XML externaliza- tion built into compiler front-ends and its applica- tion to quick reverse engineering tool development. A parser generator MoJay was developed to build XML externalization functionality into compiler front-ends. After replacing the original parser generator with MoJay, generating a parser using it, and modifying a few lines of source code in the compiler, we were able to obtain a special compiler that externalizes three types of information in the form of XML docu- ments, namely, lexical information, syntactic informa- tion, and parse tree. The syntactic information was applied to develop a reverse engineering tool for C#. The tool shows a performance penalty from the view- point of the generated XML document size. However, even with a storage penalty, the quick development is a far superior option.
The high and heterogeneous burden of breast cancer in Hawaii: A unique multiethnic U.S. Population.

Abstract Background While breast cancer incidence and mortality rates differ across racial/ethnic populations in the U.S., little is known about Asian and Pacific Island subpopulations. Hawaii is one of the most racially/ethnically diverse states in the U.S. Overall, Hawaii ranks 5th highest for breast cancer incidence in the nation (2010–2014) and rates have increased in recent years despite a stable national trend. In contrast, for breast cancer mortality, Hawaii has the 3rd lowest rate in the nation, with rates demonstrating a steady decline for nearly 3 decades. Methods We examined incidence and mortality trends from 1984–2013 across the five major racial/ethnic populations of Hawaii (Native Hawaiian, White, Japanese, Chinese, and Filipino) using Hawaii’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry data. Results With the exception of Chinese, all groups experienced increasing incidence over the thirty year period. While Japanese experienced the most pronounced recent increase, with incidence now exceeding that of Whites, their mortality rates have remained low for decades. Native Hawaiians have consistently had the highest incidence and mortality rates in the state. The incidence rates of hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer were higher among Japanese and Native Hawaiians as compared to Whites. Relative to Whites, Native Hawaiians also had a higher incidence rate of the HER2-positive subtype and, Japanese, of the triple-negative (HR-/HER2-) subtype of breast cancer. Conclusions Studies such as this underscore the importance of considering the heterogeneity in breast cancer rates and subtypes across the different racial/ethnic populations.
Le suivi téléphonique infirmier, un atout en oncogériatrie

Supporting patients undergoing chemotherapy is one of the priorities of geriatric oncology care. To this effect, a Toulouse hospital team has developed a telephone follow-up service operated by nurse navigators. In collaboration with the multi-disciplinary team of the hospitalisation service, it provides close support to the patient and their family.
Paget-Schroetter Syndrome Secondary to Injury-Induced Thoracic Outlet Syndrome:

Paget-Schroetter syndrome (PSS) is a rare diagnosis characterized by thrombosis of the axillary-subclavian veins. It can occur from thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) that may result in deep vein throm...
Targeted Ciphers for Format-Preserving Encryption

We introduce Targeted Ciphers, which typically encipher points on domain \(\mathcal {X}\), but can be easily modified to instead encipher points on some subset \(\mathcal{S}\subseteq \mathcal {X}\). Ciphers that can directly support this domain targeting are useful in Format-Preserving Encryption, where one wishes to encipher points on a potentially complex domain \(\mathcal{S}\). We propose two targeted ciphers and analyze their security. The first, Targeted Swap-or-Not, is a modification of the Swap-or-Not cipher proposed by Hoang, Morris, and Rogaway (CRYPTO 2012). The second, a new cipher we call Mix-Swap-Unmix, achieves the stronger notion of full security. Our targeted ciphers perform domain targeting more efficiently than the recently proposed Cycle Slicer algorithm of Miracle and Yilek (ASIACRYPT 2017).
Ventrolateral periaqueductal gray mediates rapid eye movement sleep regulation by melanin-concentrating hormone neurons.

Abstract Neurons containing melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) in the lateral hypothalamic area (LH) have been shown to promote rapid eye movement sleep (REMs) in mice. However, the downstream neural pathways through which MCH neurons influence REMs remained unclear. Because MCH neurons are considered to be primarily inhibitory, we hypothesized that these neurons inhibit the midbrain ‘REMs-suppressing’ region consisting of the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray and the lateral pontine tegmentum (vlPAG/LPT) to promote REMs. To test this hypothesis, we optogenetically inhibited MCH terminals in the vlPAG/LPT under baseline conditions as well as with simultaneous chemogenetic activation of MCH soma. We found that inhibition of MCH terminals in the vlPAG/LPT significantly reduced transitions into REMs during spontaneous sleep–wake cycles and prevented the increase in REMs transitions observed after chemogenetic activation of MCH neurons. These results strongly suggest that the vlPAG/LPT may be an essential relay through which MCH neurons modulate REMs.
Did Schelling live on in Catholic theology? An examination of his influence on Catholic Tübingen

ABSTRACTThe following essay aims not only to answer whether Friedrich Schelling’s philosophy lived on in Catholic Tubingen, but also to clarify what aspects of Schelling’s corpus were received and which were set aside. Below it is my claim that Tubingen theologians incorporated insights from Schelling’s early, Idealist philosophy, as well as his late, post-Idealist philosophy. The two theologians most extensively involved in this project were Johann Sebastian Drey and Johannes Kuhn. Most important for Tubingen was the possibility that Schelling could bridge historical truths into scientific ideals. Tubingen incorporated these ideas, taken directly from Schelling, without ingesting his entire system, early or late, especially his ideas about the nature of God and the relationship between God and the world. Their reception of Schelling was careful and deliberate, and by being so, they provided a model for theological engagement with modern ideas.