cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preliminary crystallographic examination of a novel fungal lysozyme from Chalaropsis

The lysozyme from the fungus of the Chalaropsis species has been crystallized. This lysozyme (Mr 22,415) displays no sequence homology with avian, phage, or mammalian lysozymes, however, preliminary studies indicate significant sequence homology with the bacterial lysozyme from Streptomyces. Both enzymes are unusual in possessing beta-1,4-N-acetylmuramidase and beta-1,4-N,6-O-diacetylmuramidase activity. The crystals grow from solutions of ammonium sulfate during growth periods from several months to a year. The space group is P2(1)2(1)2(1) with a = 34.0 A, b = 42.6 A, c = 122.1 A. Preliminary data indicate that there is 1 molecule/asymmetric unit. A complete native data set has been collected to 2.57-A resolution. The crystals are highly ordered and exhibit diffraction patterns to d-spacings less than 1.5 A.
Atherosclerosis: A Link between Lipid Intake and Protein Tyrosine Nitration:

Atherosclerosis, a disease characterized by plaque formation in the arterial wall that can lead to heart attack and stroke, is a principal cause of death in the world. Since the 1990’s, protein nitrotyrosine formation has been known to occur in the atherosclerotic plaque. This potentially damaging reaction occurs as a result of tyrosine modification by reactive nitrogen species, such as nitrogen dioxide radical, which forms upon peroxynitrite decomposition or nitrite oxidation by hydrogen peroxide-activated peroxidase enzymes. The presence of protein-bound nitrotyrosine can be considered an indicator of a loss in the natural balance of oxidants and antioxidants, and as such, there is an emerging view that protein-bound nitrotyrosine may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This review brings together evidence that the accumulation of protein nitrotyrosine during atherogenesis is more widespread than initially thought (as its presence can be detected not only in the lesion but also in the blood stream and other organs) and is closely linked to lipid intake.
Student Participation in Scholarly Communication and Library Digital Collections: A Case Study from the University of Washington Bothell Library

The University of Washington Bothell & Cascadia College Library recently partnered with a faculty member to develop a digital collection showcasing student-produced digital oral histories. This case study describes the role of the library as faculty partner, student resource, and repository/publisher. Archiving and publishing requirements—such as file formats, agreement forms, and metadata—were integrated into the assignment and included as part of each project's overall evaluation and grade. Librarians provided instruction to teach students about topics related to knowledge production and scholarly communication. Assessment included student feedback surveys and faculty feedback to librarians.
Salivary duct carcinoma responding to trastuzumab-based therapy: Case report and review of the literature

Background Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis. Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (Her-2/neu) is overexpressed in SDC and, hence, HER-2/neu targeted therapy could be an option. Methods A 72-year-old man presented with parotid swelling and cervical lymphadenopathy. He underwent a parotidectomy, modified radical neck dissection, and postoperative chemoradiation with cisplatin. A year later, he developed metastatic disease in the contralateral neck that was treated surgically with right axillary lymphadenopathy. He received radiation to both sites, concurrent with carboplatin. Two years later, he underwent resection of a lung metastasis. He then had progression in the axillary and mediastinal lymph nodes and received 5 cycles of docetaxel and trastuzumab followed by maintenance trastuzumab. Results The patient had a partial response and restaging studies 9 months after therapy discontinuation did not show progression. Conclusion Trastuzumab-based therapy is a potential therapeutic option for patients with SDC. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: E372–E375, 2013
Bridging the Gap: Research Informing Practice and Policy for Healthy Youth Behavior

Background Bridging the Gap (BTG) is a collaborative research initiative supported by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Ten years ago, BTG was created to assess the impact of policies, programs, and other environmental influences on adolescent alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use and related outcomes. This multidisciplinary, multisite initiative examines these factors at multiple levels of social organization, including schools, communities, and states. More recently, the significant increases in obesity among children, adolescents, and adults led BTG to expand its efforts to include research on the role of policies, programs, and other factors on adolescent obesity and the physical inactivity and dietary habits that contribute to this growing problem. Eleven papers resulting from BTG’s obesity-related research are contained in this supplement, along with two papers describing the National Cancer Institute–supported efforts to track relevant state policies. Methods Bridging the Gap involves a variety of data-collection efforts built largely around the Monitoring the Future (MTF) surveys of 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students. These include: surveys of administrators in the MTF schools that gather extensive information on the school food environment, physical education in schools, and other relevant information; collection of contextual information from the communities in which the MTF schools are located; tracking of relevant state policies; and gathering of a wide variety of data from archival and commercial databases. These databases are analyzed individually and in various combinations. Discussion Bridging the Gap’s extensive research has shown the importance of a range of school, community, state, and other influences in affecting adolescent substance use and related outcomes. BTG’s early research on adolescent diet, physical activity, and obesity—much of which is contained in this supplement—similarly demonstrates the role of environmental factors in influencing these outcomes and in explaining observed racial/ethnic and socioeconomic-related disparities in them. Conclusions The growing recognition of the public health and economic consequences of childhood, adolescent, and adult obesity has led to a variety of policies, programs, and other interventions to stimulate healthy eating and physical activity, often despite the lack of evidence on their impact. BTG and others are working to build the evidence base for effective interventions to address this significant problem, but much remains to be learned.
Medical Student Usage of the American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria

Rationale and Objectives: Educating medical students on appropriate imaging utilization has been increasingly recognized as important for patient care. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria (ACR-AC) is designed to support evidence-based imaging examination selection. We sought to assess whether medical students order imaging studies independently, what resources they use for guidance, and whether they use the ACR-AC in clinical practice. A secondary aim was to determine whether increasing familiarity with the ACR-AC could impact student usage. Materials and Methods: We surveyed third year medical students at a single institution on their imaging practices, familiarity with the ACR-AC, and preferences among available resources to guide proper examination selection. The survey was performed in person before a lecture. We also designed a brief intervention to improve familiarity with the ACR-AC and then reassessed students to determine any effect on utilization. Results: The response rate for the initial survey was 103 of 109 (94%) and the response rate for the second survey was 99 of 109 (91%). Our initial survey found students initiated imaging orders independently (74 of 100, 74.8%) and consulted resources to assist in examinationselection(50of 74,67.6%).Studentsexpressed a preferencefor non-ACR-AC resources,notably UptoDatevia its onlinemobile application. Few students (8 of 71, 11.3%) were familiar with the ACR-AC. After an intervention to increase familiarity with the ACR-AC, student awareness of the ACR-AC increased to 61 of 74 (82.4%). However, usage among those familiar with the resource remained low, 13 of 61 (21.3%) versus 3 of 8 (37.5%).
Symbolic Techniques in Satisfiability Solving

Recent work has shown how to use binary decision diagrams for satisfiability solving. The idea of this approach, which we call symbolic quantifier elimination, is to view an instance of propositional satisfiability as an existentially quantified proposition formula. Satisfiability solving then amounts to quantifier elimination; once all quantifiers have been eliminated, we are left with either 1 or 0. Our goal in this work is to study the effectiveness of symbolic quantifier elimination as an approach to satisfiability solving. To that end, we conduct a direct comparison with the DPLL-based ZChaff, as well as evaluate a variety of optimization techniques for the symbolic approach. In comparing the symbolic approach to ZChaff, we evaluate scalability across a variety of classes of formulas. We find that no approach dominates across all classes. While ZChaff dominates for many classes of formulas, the symbolic approach is superior for other classes of formulas. Once we have demonstrated the viability of the symbolic approach, we focus on optimization techniques for this approach. We study techniques from constraint satisfaction for finding a good plan for performing the symbolic operations of conjunction and of existential quantification. We also study various variable-ordering heuristics, finding that while no heuristic seems to dominate across all classes of formulas, the maximum-cardinality search heuristic seems to offer the best overall performance.
A modified test for measuring the interlaminar tensile strength of fiber-reinforced ceramic composites

Abstract The low interlaminar tensile (ILT) strength of ceramic composites with two-dimensional fiber architectures presents serious challenges in the design of thermostructural components. Existing protocols for measuring ILT strength remain contentious because of the presence of free edges. The principal objective of the present study is to introduce a modified test that eliminates machined edges (and associated flaws) from the volume that experiences stress, thereby enabling an ILT measurement more representative of the delamination response expected in actual components. A secondary objective is to assess the efficacy of a layer-to-layer interlock weave relative to a satin weave in the ILT strength of SiC/SiC composites. These goals are addressed by exploring oversized circular specimens. Experiments and numerical analyses of both the oversized and the standard configurations are used to characterize the stress distributions and the failure conditions. The numerical results indicate that stress concentrations arise from thermal expansion mismatch in the near-edge regions of the standard configuration and exacerbate the deleterious effects of machining flaws. The ILT strengths of the oversized specimens are significantly higher than those of the standard configuration (by 30–50%), consistent with the exclusion of machining flaws and the reduced stress concentration. Moreover, the strength of the composite with the interlock weave is about 50% greater than that for the satin weave.
Syndrome of Resistance to Thyroid Hormone: Insights into Thyroid Hormone Action:

Thyroid hormones (T3, T4) exert multiple cellular effects through nuclear thyroid hormone receptors (TR alpha, TR beta). Thyroid hormone receptors are transcription factors that act by altering patterns of gene expression. Resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) is a rare disorder caused by mutations in the TR beta gene. Biochemically, the syndrome is defined by elevated circulating levels of free thyroid hormones due to reduced target tissue responsiveness and normal, or elevated, levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). This "inappropriate" TSH elevation contrasts with the situation in hyperthyroidism, where the pituitary secretion of TSH is suppressed. Patients with RTH usually present with goiter and an euthyroid or mildly hypothyroid metabolic state. Thus, pituitary resistance results in hypersecretion of TSH, which compensates, at least in part, for hormone resistance in peripheral tissues. Despite this compensation, clinical effects of RTH can include short stature, delayed bone maturation, hyperactivity, learning disabilities, and hearing defects, as well as variable features of hyper- and hypothyroidism. With the exception of a single sibship, which harbored a deletion of the entire coding sequence of the TR beta gene and a recessive pattern of inheritance, all other cases of RTH have been inherited in an autosomal dominant manner or have been de novo heterozygous mutations of the TR beta gene. The dominant pattern of inheritance is explained by the functional properties of the mutant receptors which act in a dominant negative manner to block the activity of normal TR alpha and TR beta receptors. Now that a large number of different RTH mutations have been identified, it is striking that the mutations are clustered within restricted domains in the carboxyterminal region of the receptor. Mutations in these regions have been shown to preserve critical receptor functions such as dimerization and DNA binding, while inactivating other activites such as T3 binding and transcriptional activation. The examination of patients with RTH and their mutated receptors has provided important insights into the mechanisms of thyroid hormone action, the structure-function relationship of the receptors, and the molecular mechanisms of dominant negative activity.
Comparative Interactomics: Analysis of Arabidopsis 14-3-3 Complexes Reveals Highly Conserved 14-3-3 Interactions between Humans and Plants

As a first step in the broad characterization of plant 14-3-3 multiprotein complexes in vivo, stringent and specific antibody affinity purification was used to capture 14-3-3s together with their interacting proteins from extracts of Arabidopsis cell suspension cultures. Approximately 120 proteins were identified as potential in vivo 14-3-3 interacting proteins by mass spectrometry of the recovered complexes. Comparison of the proteins in this data set with the 14-3-3 interacting proteins from a similar study in human embryonic kidney cell cultures revealed eight interacting proteins that likely represent reasonably abundant, fundamental 14-3-3 interaction complexes that are highly conserved across all eukaryotes. The Arabidopsis 14-3-3 interaction data set was also compared to a yeast in vivo 14-3-3 interaction data set. Four 14-3-3 interacting proteins are conserved in yeast, humans, and Arabidopsis. Comparisons of the data sets based on biochemical function revealed many additional similarities in the human and Arabidopsis data sets that represent conserved functional interactions, while also leaving many proteins uniquely identified in either Arabidopsis or human cells. In particular, the Arabidopsis interaction data set is enriched for proteins involved in metabolism.
Enzymes of the Mast Cell Granule

Rat mast cell granules contain a spectrum of enzymes as established by histochemical techniques and subcellular fractionation. However, 35% of the β-glucuronidase, 30% of the β-D-galactosidase, 14% of the β-hexosaminidase and all of the acid phosphatase is not available for immunologic release from purified rat serosal mast cells, suggesting the presence of nonsecretory β-sosomes containing these acid hydrolases. On the other hand, immunologic release of the majority of chymase, β-hexosaminidase, β-glucuronidase, β-D-galactosidase, and arylsulfatase A occurs in parallel with histamine and thereby localizes these substances to the rat mast cell secretory granule. A molecular model of the secretory granule in the resting mast cell can now be constructed in which heparin proteoglycan is the granule matrix to which chymase and probably other proteins are ionically bound. Inhibition of chymase by serotonin stored in its active site and of chymase and acid hydrolases by their interaction with heparin probably occurs. Histamine is stored by ionic linkage to carboxyl groups of protein and heparin. Micromolar amounts of heparin glycosaminoglycans, histamine, serotonin, chymase, β-D-hexosaminidase, β-glucuronidase, and arylsulfatase A in secretory granules of 106 mast cells are 0.7–1.3 × 10−3, 70–220 × 10−3, 0.9–28 × 10−3, 0.2–0.5 × 10−3, 0.9–2.7 × 10−6, 0.1–0.3 × 10−6 and
Factors influencing completion of advanced directives in hospitalized patients

Aim: A cross-sectional, descriptive study to describe characteristics and other factors that influenced the decision by hospitalized patients in the East Texas area to formulate an advanced directive (AD). Findings: Spouses, family members and sense of spirituality were the strongest influential factors for completion of an AD. Most learned about ADs from family, friends, personal attorneys, and others, while less than a quarter of the sample learned about ADs from health care providers. Not wanting to be a burden on their family was the major reason cited for completing an AD. Conclusions: Health care provider roles are vague in terms of responsibility for AD discussion and education. Further exploration of the attitudes, knowledge and practices concerning ADs of nurses and primary health care providers is recommended to provide focal points for future research in order to facilitate peace of mind for patients and families at end-of-life.
Endothelial Cell Loss from Intraocular Lens Insertion

ALTHOUGH intraocular implants for replacement of cataractous lenses were first used more than 25 years ago, they have begun to gain acceptance only recently in the United States, and still with considerable caution.1,2 One of the chief reasons for concern has been the high incidence of early and, in particular, late development of bullous keratopathy due to corneal endothelial decompensation arising in the early series of eyes with anterior chamber and angle-supported lenses. Barraquer inserted nearly 500 such lenses in the late 1950s but had removed half of them by 1970 many because of corneal edema, a complication which was nqt recognized until several
Professional Allies: The Storying of Allies to LGBTQ Students on a College Campus

This article details the narratives of faculty and staff involved in a lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) ally organization at a large southeastern state university. We illustrate how interview participants diverged from organizational literature on how to be an ally by offering a different narrative, one of professional responsibility to a diverse student body. We expound upon how this notion of professional responsibility differs from most models for understanding ally development and action. We suggest that from an organizational standpoint, these professional ally self-concepts make sense and should be taken into account when building ally organizations in educational settings.
Functional MRI of human auditory cortex using block and event-related designs.

fMRI of human auditory cortex response to sinusoidal tones of 200, 1000, and 3000 Hz was evaluated using block design and conventional and "silent" event-related designs. Conventional event-related fMRI revealed the timecourse of the BOLD response (approximately 5 sec to peak, approximately 4 sec full-width-half-max, and approximately 14 sec recovery to baseline). Both event-related, but not block, designs provided evidence for tonotopic organization in auditory cortex. Sources of low-frequency activation were more lateral and anterior than the sources of high-frequency activation (P < or = 0.05). In the block designs, repeated rapid stimulus presentation and the co-incidence of scanner noise preclude definition of tonotopic organization revealed in event-related approaches. Magn Reson Med 45:254-260, 2001.
“Couldn't I be Both Fred and Ginger?”: Teaching About Nonbinary Identities Through Memoir

In Tango: My Childhood, Backwards and in High Heels, Mx 1 Justin Vivian Bond writes about v's 2 experiences as a trans* child. The overarching narrative of the memoir, stitched together by Bond's recounting of friendships, gender play, sexual exploration, and reflective insight, provides a springboard from which educators can expand students’ understandings of nonbinary gender identities, expressions, and life experiences. After an overview of the memoir, this book review examines how the text can serve as an important pedagogical tool to explore the complex issues of gender, sex, sexuality, identity, and ‘normalcy.’
Stochastic stability in nonlinear control systems

The stability of nonlinear control systems with stochastic coefficients is studied by applying the Lyapunov theory. A Lyapunov function V(x) is first assumed, similar to the deterministic case. Consider next the natural stochastic analog of \dot{V}(x) as A V(x) , where A is equal to the differential generator. The procedure of establishing stability conditions is illustrated by two second-order examples and four third-order examples.
Relations Versus Functions at the Foundations of Logic

Though Frege was interested primarily in reducing mathematics to logic, he succeeded in reducing an important part of logic to mathematics by defining relations in terms of functions. In contrast, Whitehead and Russell reduced an important part of mathematics to logic by defining functions in terms of relations (using the definite description operator).We argue that there is a reason to prefer Whitehead and Russell’s reduction of functions to relations over Frege’s reduction of relations to functions. There is an interesting system having a logic that can be properly characterized in relational type theory (RTT) but not in functional type theory (FTT). This shows that RTT is more general than FTT. The simplification offered by Church in his FTT is an over-simplification: one cannot assimilate predication to functional application.
Crustal parameters estimated from P-waves of earthquakes recorded at a small array

TheP-arrival times of local and regional earthquakes that are outside of a small network of seismometers can be used to interpret crustal parameters beneath the network by employing the time-term technique. Even when the estimate of the refractor velocity is poorly determined, useful estimates of the station time-terms can be made. The method is applied to a 20 km diameter network of eight seismic stations which was operated near Castaic, California, during the winter of 1972–73. The stations were located in sedimentary basins. Beneath the network, the sedimentary rocks of the basins are known to range from 1 to more than 4 km in thickness. Relative time-terms are estimated fromP-waves assumed to be propagated by a refractor in the mid-crust, and again fromP-waves propagated by a refractor in the upper basement. For the range of velocities reported by others, the two sets of time-terms are very similar. They suggest that both refractors dip to the southwest, and the geology also indicates that the basement dips in this direction. In addition, theP-wave velocity estimated for the refractor of mid-crustal depths, roughly 6.7 km/sec, agrees with values reported by others. Thus, even in this region of complicated geologic structure, the method appears to give realistic results.
Cross section recondensation method via generalized energy condensation theory

Abstract The standard multigroup method used in whole-core reactor analysis relies on energy condensed (coarse-group) cross sections generated from single lattice cell calculations, typically with specular reflective boundary conditions. Because these boundary conditions are an approximation and not representative of the core environment for that lattice, an error is introduced in the core solution (both eigenvalue and flux). As current and next generation reactors trend toward increasing assembly and core heterogeneity, this error becomes more significant. The method presented here corrects for this error by generating updated coarse-group cross sections on-the-fly within whole-core reactor calculations without resorting to additional cell calculations. In this paper, the fine-group core flux is unfolded by making use of the recently published Generalized Condensation Theory and the cross sections are recondensed at the whole-core level. By iteratively performing this recondensation, an improved core solution is found in which the core-environment has been fully taken into account. This recondensation method is both easy to implement and computationally very efficient because it requires precomputation and storage of only the energy integrals and fine-group cross sections. In this work, the theoretical basis and development of cross section recondensation is presented, and the method is verified with several sample problems.
Controlled nanoparticle arrays for transparent SERS/optical trapping substrates

Electron beam lithography has been used to demonstrate square and hexagonal close packed two-dimensional arrays of gold particles formed on transparent substrates for Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) spectroscopic analysis of optically trapped single spore biological agents. Thin chromium or titanium films have been demonstrated to provide a sufficiently reflective surface to enable the controllable patterning of features as small as 30nm, or inter-particle spacings as small as 50nm, while retaining transmission in the visible to infrared spectral region. These substrates have been successfully used in a SERS/optical tweezer configuration, in which polystyrene particles and pyridine molecules in aqueous solution have been trapped, and their SERS-active spectra demonstrated. The technique described in this work for nanoscale features patterned on transparent substrates holds promise for inexpensive, nanotechnology-enabled chemical/biological sensor applications.
Geometric harmonics as a statistical image processing tool for images on irregularly-shaped domains

We propose a new method to analyze and represent stochastic data recorded on a domain of general shape by computing the eigen-functions of Laplacian defined over there (also called "geometric harmonics") and expanding the data into these eigenfunctions. In essence, what our Laplacian eigenfunctions do for data on a general domain is roughly equivalent to what the Fourier cosine basis functions do for data on a rectangular domain. Instead of directly solving the Laplacian eigenvalue problem on such a domain (which can be quite complicated and costly), we find the integral operator commuting with the Laplacian and then diagonalize that operator. We then show that our method is better suited for small sample data than the Karhunen-Loeve transform. In fact, our Laplacian eigenfunctions depend only on the shape of the domain, not the statistics (e.g. covariance) of the data. We also discuss possible approaches to reduce the computational burden of the eigenfunction computation
Self-energy of the n=2 states in a strong Coulomb field

A calculation of the self-energy radiative correction to the energy level of an electron in the $2{S}_{\frac{1}{2}}$, $2{P}_{\frac{1}{2}}$, or $2{P}_{\frac{3}{2}}$ state in a Coulomb field, with nuclear charge $Z$ in the range 10-110, is described.
Plekhg4 Is a Novel Dbl Family Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Protein for Rho Family GTPases

Mutations in the PLEKHG4 (puratrophin-1) gene are associated with the heritable neurological disorder autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia. However, the biochemical functions of this gene product have not been described. We report here that expression of Plekhg4 in the murine brain is developmentally regulated, with pronounced expression in the newborn midbrain and brainstem that wanes with age and maximal expression in the cerebellar Purkinje neurons in adulthood. We show that Plekhg4 is subject to ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, and its steady-state expression levels are regulated by the chaperones Hsc70 and Hsp90 and by the ubiquitin ligase CHIP. On the functional level, we demonstrate that Plekhg4 functions as a bona fide guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that facilitates activation of the small GTPases Rac1, Cdc42, and RhoA. Overexpression of Plekhg4 in NIH3T3 cells induces rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton, specifically enhanced formation of lamellopodia and fillopodia. These findings indicate that Plekhg4 is an aggregation-prone member of the Dbl family GEFs and that regulation of GTPase signaling is critical for proper cerebellar function.
Aortico-left ventricular tunnel: an uncommon cause of aortic insufficiency in an infant.

ORTICO-LEFT ventricular tunnel (ALVT) is a rare congenital heart defect in which an anomalous channel connects the ascending aorta and left ventricle. This open channel causes severe aortic insufficiency. Since the initial descriptions of ALVT,‘-* there have been only 47 reported cases.3-11 The anesthetic management of one infant with ALVT undergoing total surgical closure of the anomalous channel is described since there are no previous reports of anesthesia care in these infants. RFPnRT nF A CASF ,._. _.., _. , . _, .__ At birth, the patient was a 940 g, 28-week gestation male. He was intubated and ventilated for 48 hours postpartum due to respiratory distress. A cardiac murmur was noted at one day of age and a subsequent echocardiogram demonstrated a possible ventricular septal defect. His 2-month hospital stay was complicated by jaundice, retrolental fibroplasia, bilateral inguinal hernias, and recurrent episodes of apnea and bradycardia. The patient did well at home until 8 months of age when he was hospitalized for congestive heart failure. Cardiac catheterization was thought to reveal an aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva and severe aortic insufficiency. Following digitalization and diuresis, he was discharged, only to be readmitted 3 weeks later for congestive heart failure. At this time, he was referred to this institution for possible surgical
Better Reply Security and Existence of Equilibria in Differential Games

We establish the existence of Nash equilibria in a large class of differential games. More specifically, we show that certain differential games are compact and better reply secure when the strategy space is equipped with the weak topology. Therefore, we can claim that such games must have Nash equilibria even when the payoffs of some of the players are discontinuous. On one hand, verifying better reply security with respect to a nonmetrizable weak topology is technically involved and requires a number of theoretical tools from functional analysis. On the other hand, our approach will allow us to generalize a number of current existence results regarding linear-quadratic differential games, games of evasion and pursuit, as well as some classic differential games in economics.
Immunohistochemical localization of a specificileal peptide in the pig

The tissue distribution of a polypeptide purified from pig ileal mucosa tentatively called porcine ileal polypeptide (PIP) and known to have potent acid secretagogue activity has been studied with immunohistochemical methods together with extraction of different tissues followed by radioimmunoassay for PIP content. Histochemically the peptide is found in superficial epithelial cells in the mucosa of the distal 20% of the small intestine and to some extent in the mucosa of the urinary tract. There is no staining of goblet cells or crypt cells. The staining in the urinary tract mucosa is due to antigenic peptides with Mr identical to PIP. While the presence of PIP in the ileum is compatible with a function as an enterooxyntin, it is not possible at present to explain the physiologic role of PIP entirely as a hormone regulating acid secretion in light of the immunohistochemical distribution.
A longitudinal study of the cognitive function of children with renal failure

Fifty-six children with chronic renal failure who either received a kidney transplant, were hemodialyzed or peritoneally dialyzed, or who were being medically managed were given a series of neuropsychological tests every 6 months for a total of four testing sessions. Each child was matched by age, sex, and race to healthy children who received the same sequence of tests. The performance of each treatment group was compared with their controls longitudinally, using a repeated measure analysis of variance. In general, renal subjects performed at lower levels than their controls on tasks of verbal ability, visual perception, memory and visual motor skills. Visual motor performance was the most clinically affected. When compared with controls, the renal subjects did not improve as much or actually deteriorated on some measures of memory and learning skills.
Anti-s hemolytic disease: a case report.

A case of hemolytic disease due to anti-s in a mother apparently sensitized by previous pregnancy is reported. The antibody was of the incomplete type and the clinical manifestations were those of a compensated hemolytic anemia with minimal icterus.
Mode Coupling Pattern Changes Drastically Upon Photoisomerization in RuII Complex

Photoinduced isomerization in a bis(4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl)(o-methylsulfinylbenzoate) ruthenium(II), (RuBzSO) complex is investigated using linear infrared absorption and dual-frequency two-dimensional infrared (2DIR) spectroscopies. The changes in the linear absorption spectrum associated with the photoisomerization were compared to the changes in the mode coupling pattern observed in the 2DIR spectra. The comparison indicates that the coupling of the SO and C═O stretching modes is much smaller in the photoisomerized compound compared to that in the ground-state isomer that has not been exposed to incident light (relaxed). Transition-dipole interaction estimations indicate a large decrease of the electric coupling contribution to the C═O/SO mode anharmonicity in the O-bonded versus S-bonded states thus supporting the formation of the O-bonded state upon photoisomerization of the RuBzSO compound.
A Machine Learning and Wavelet-Based Fault Location Method for Hybrid Transmission Lines

This paper presents a single-ended traveling wave-based fault location method for a hybrid transmission line: an overhead line combined with an underground cable. Discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) is used to extract transient information from the measured voltages. Support vector machine (SVM) classifiers are utilized to identify the faulty-section and faulty-half. Bewley diagrams are observed for the traveling wave patterns and the wavelet coefficients of the aerial mode voltage are used to locate the fault. The transient simulation for different fault types and locations are obtained by ATP using frequency-dependent line and cable models. MATLAB is used to process the simulated transients and apply the proposed method. The performance of the method is tested for different fault inception angles (FIA), different fault resistances, non-linear high impedance faults (NLHIF), and non-ideal faults with satisfactory results. The impact of cable aging on the proposed method accuracy is also investigated.
SYNTHESIS OF α-FLUORO ALDEHYDES AND KETONES. A REVIEW

(1999). SYNTHESIS OF α-FLUORO ALDEHYDES AND KETONES. A REVIEW. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 125-143.
Magnetic properties of surface electrons

Abstract The susceptibility of a 2D electron fluid increases nonlinearly and strongly with rs in agreement with the observed enhancement of the effective g factor. The system is expected to show a near ferromagnetic response at rs = 13 which corresponds to electron density 4.5 X 1010 cm-2 in Si inversion layers.
The heterophile transplantation antigen (HT-A) system: a unique heterophile system exhibiting multiple specificities.

Although many characteristics o f the heterophile transplantation antigen (HT-A) system have been determined, definitive information regarding certain aspects of the system is still lacking. In an effort to obtain such information concerning the number of HT-antigen and antibody specificities (i.e. single or multiple) and the distribution of HT-A among selected mammalian and avian species, the present study was conducted. In this study, the ability of erythrocytes from several species to absorb the anti-HT-A activity from 6 anti-HT-A sera was determined with a quantitative inhibition of hemagglutination assay utilizing an electronic particle counter. Careful analysis of the results of these experiments indicated the existence of multiple (i.e. 5 or more) HT-antigen and antibody specificities. The distribution of these HT-antigens among selected mammalian and avian species was not identical to the distribution of any well-characterized heterophile antigen of which we are aware. Therefore, none of the HT-A specificities defined in this study are identical to previously described heterophile antigens. These findings confirm and expand previous knowledge of the HT-A system and have facilitated formulation of hypotheses regarding the role of multiple specificities in acute renal allograft rejection and the genetics of HT-A expression in humans.
Formation of metal in Grosvenor Mountains 95551 and comparison to ordinary chondrites

Abstract Siderophile element abundances in individual metal grains in the ungrouped chondrite Grosvenor Mountains (GRO) 95551 and in the ordinary chondrites Tieschitz H3.6, Soko-Banja LL4, and Allegan H5 were measured with laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Matrix metal in GRO 95551 falls into two distinct compositional groups, a high-Ni group with 7.2 ± 0.4 wt% Ni and a low-Ni group with 3.7 ± 0.1 wt% Ni, indicating that kamacite/taenite equilibration at ∼1020 K was followed by rapid cooling. The nonrefractory siderophile elements P, Co, Cu, Ga, Ge, As, Pd, and Au also partition between the high-Ni and low-Ni metal in a manner consistent with kamacite/taenite fractionation, but the refractory siderophiles Ru, Re, Os, Ir, and Pt show correlated variations that are unrelated to kamacite/taenite partitioning and indicate that variations in refractory components of the metal were not completely erased during equilibration at ∼1020 K. The Ni-normalized bulk metal composition of GRO 95551 is refractory depleted and volatile rich relative to Bencubbin and related metal-rich chondrites but bears strong similarities to equilibrated ordinary chondrite metal. GRO 95551 represents a new chondrite type with chemical affinity to the ordinary chondrites. Individual metal grains in unequlibrated ordinary chondrites also have correlated variations in refractory siderophile contents that cannot be produced by redox processes alone; these variations span three orders of magnitude and diminish with increasing metamorphic grade of the ordinary chondrites.
Efficiency of scintillation counting of tritium labelled DNA-protein in the mixed leucocyte reaction in vitro.

Efficiency of Scintillation Counting of Tritium Labelled DNA-Protein in the Mixed Leucocyte Reaction In Vitro
Chemical switching behaviour of tricarbonylrhenium(I) complexes of a new redox active 'pincer' ligand.

The structures and optoelectronic properties of tricarbonylrhenium(I) complexes of di(2-pyrazolyl-p-tolyl)amine in its neutral and deprotonated (uninegative amido) form were investigated. Reactions of the complexes with Bronsted acids or bases result in distinctive changes of colour and electrochemical activity owing to the non-innocent nature of the ligand.
Principles of transmucosal delivery of therapeutic agents

Recent advances in medicine have led to new treatment options for patients and physicians as a more developed understanding of the molecular basis of disease states is translated into new therapeutic agents. Many of these new agents are compounds that are not able to reach the bloodstream when administered by the oral route preventing the ability to enjoy the benefits this delivery route provides such as lower cost and increased quality of life. Our laboratory has focused on the use of hydrogel carriers to increase the bioavailability of orally administered therapeutic agents ranging from proteins such as insulin to chemotherapeutics like bleomycin. The foundations of this research as well as recent advances are reviewed along with a discussion of the challenges of oral administration and other emerging strategies for oral administration.
Structural Requirements for Outside-In and Inside-Out Signaling by Drosophila Neuroglian, a Member of the L1 Family of Cell Adhesion Molecules

Expression of the Drosophila cell adhesion molecule neuroglian in S2 cells leads to cell aggregation and the intracellular recruitment of ankyrin to cell contact sites. We localized the region of neuroglian that interacts with ankyrin and investigated the mechanism that limits this interaction to cell contact sites. Yeast two-hybrid analysis and expression of neuroglian deletion constructs in S2 cells identified a conserved 36-amino acid sequence that is required for ankyrin binding. Mutation of a conserved tyrosine residue within this region reduced ankyrin binding and extracellular adhesion. However, residual recruitment of ankyrin by this mutant neuroglian molecule was still limited to cell contacts, indicating that the lack of ankyrin binding at noncontact sites is not caused by tyrosine phosphorylation. A chimeric molecule, in which the extracellular domain of neuroglian was replaced with the corresponding domain from the adhesion molecule fasciclin II, also selectively recruited ankyrin to cell contacts. Thus, outside-in signaling by neuroglian in S2 cells depends on extracellular adhesion, but does not depend on any unique property of its extracellular domain. We propose that the recruitment of ankyrin to cell contact sites depends on a physical rearrangement of neuroglian in response to cell adhesion, and that ankyrin binding plays a reciprocal role in stabilizing the adhesive interaction.
Large Eddy Simulation of Flow and Heat Transfer in a Staggered 45° Ribbed Duct

Results from large eddy simulation (LES) of fully developed flow in a staggered 45° ribbed duct are presented with rib pitch-to-height ratio P/e = 10 and a rib height to hydraulic diameter ratio e/Dh = 0.1. The nominal Reynolds number based on bulk velocity is 47,300. Mean flow and turbulent quantities, together with heat transfer and friction augmentation results are presented. The flow is characterized by a helical vortex behind each rib and a complementary cross-sectional secondary flow, both of which result from the angle of the rib with respect to the mean flow. Averaged velocity profiles at the duct center show excellent agreement with experiments and heat transfer predictions agree well with experiments. Turbulent kinetic energy, shear stress, and heat transfer augmentation ratios show a strong correlation to the rib vortex and the secondary flow. Overall, heat transfer is augmented by a factor of 2.3 compared with a smooth duct and matches experimental data within 2%.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Single-Channel Versus Multichannel Electrical Stimulation Voicing-frequency and Formant-transition Difference Limens

The 'frequency' processing ability of 11 cochlear-implant patients wearing the Symbion device was evaluated with the stimuli presented in a multichannel mode and in a single-channel mode. A fixed-formant synthetic vowel /a/ was used to measure voicing-frequency difference limen. A voiced, synthetic single formant was used to measure the formant-transition difference limen. On the voicing-frequency test, patients obtained a median difference limen of 8 Hz when stimuli were presented in the multichannel mode and 14.7 Hz in the single-channel mode. On the formant-transition test, patients obtained a median difference limen of 589 Hz in the multichannel mode and 611 Hz in the single-channel mode. Three patients were unable to obtain a difference limen within the range of available stimuli. The performance with multichannel stimulation was significantly better (lower difference limen) than performance in the single channel stimulation. Temporal information in more channels and place information may contribute to the superior performance with multichannel stimulation.
Noninvasive Evaluation of Intrarenal Oxygenation With BOLD MRI

Background The countercurrent arrangement of capillary blood flow in the medulla of mammalian kidneys generates a gradient of oxygen tension between the renal cortex and the papillary tip that results in a state of relative hypoxia within the renal medulla. Exploration of the pathophysiological implications of medullary hypoxia has been hampered by the absence of a noninvasive technique to estimate intrarenal oxygenation in different zones of the kidney. In the present study, we demonstrate the feasibility of such a method on the basis of blood oxygenation level–dependent (BOLD) MRI, which allows sequential measurements in humans in response to a variety of physiological/pharmacological stimuli in health and disease. Methods and Results BOLD MRI measurements were obtained in healthy young human subjects (n=7), and the effects of three different pharmacological/physiological maneuvers that induce diuresis were studied. Spin-spin relaxation rate, R2*, was measured, which is directly related to the amount of...
Role of the fastigial nucleus in generalized seizures as demonstrated by GABA agonist microinjections.

Summary: The cerebellum is electrically and metaboli cally active during seizures. Numerous studies have also shown that cerebellar electrical stimulation and lesions of the cerebellar cortex or nuclei influence seizure thresh old, but there are significant contradictions, with different effects observed even in investigations using the same species and similar seizure types and experimental ma nipulations. Discrete intracerebral microinjection of neu roactive agents has been used to characterize the way in which other brain regions control seizures, but has not been applied to the cerebellar systems. This approach has advantages because effects are restricted to specific re ceptors and spare passing axons; experimental variables also can be simply specified and reproduced. We used this method to characterize the role of the cerebellar nu clei in seizures and to determine if observed effects could be reproduced with different agents at different doses. Effects of bilateral control microinjections in the fastigial (medial) cerebellar nucleus were compared with different doses of the GABAA agonist piperidine-4-sulfonic acid and the GABAB agonist (−)baclofen (Bf). Soon after in jection, the animals were ataxic. After 4 min, seizures were induced by timed continuous intravenous (i.v.) bicu culline (BIC) infusion. Both GABA agonists produced significant reductions in myoclonic, clonic, and tonic sei zure thresholds. Injections just dorsal or anterior to this nucleus and bilateral dentate (lateral) nucleus injections had little effect on seizures. These results demonstrate that the cerebellar system does control seizures, but does not provide support for the early concept that cerebellar stimulation and systemic phenytoin block seizures through inhibition of cerebellar nuclei secondary to Pur kinje cell activation.
Adatom diffusion and adatom-ledge interaction on the Si(111) surface using a semiempirical potential energy function

Using computer calculations with a semiempirical PEF, the activation energy for adatom diffusion on the ideal Si(111) free surface has been determined to be 1.36 eV. In addition, anisotropy in the adatom formation energy on the upper versus the lower terrace of the [211] ledge is found.