cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Co‐phylogeography and comparative population genetics of the threatened Galápagos hawk and three ectoparasite species: ecology shapes population histories within parasite communities

Comparative microevolutionary studies of multiple parasites occurring on a single host species can help shed light on the processes underlying parasite diversification. We compared the phylogeographical histories, population genetic structures and population divergence times of three co-distributed and phylogenetically independent ectoparasitic insect species, including an amblyceran and an ischnoceran louse (Insecta: Phthiraptera), a hippoboscid fly (Insecta: Diptera) and their endemic avian host in the Galapagos Islands. The Galapagos hawk (Aves: Falconiformes: Buteo galapagoensis) is a recently arrived endemic lineage in the Galapagos Islands and its island populations are diverging evolutionarily. Each parasite species differed in relative dispersal ability and distribution within the host populations, which allowed us to make predictions about their degree of population genetic structure and whether they tracked host gene flow and colonization history among islands. To control for DNA region in comparisons across these phylogenetically distant taxa, we sequenced ~1 kb of homologous mitochondrial DNA from samples collected from all island populations of the host. Remarkably, the host was invariant across mitochondrial regions that were comparatively variable in each of the parasite species, to degrees consistent with differences in their natural histories. Differences in these natural history traits were predictably correlated with the evolutionary trajectories of each parasite species, including rates of interisland gene flow and tracking of hosts by parasites. Congruence between the population structures of the ischnoceran louse and the host suggests that the ischnoceran may yield insight into the cryptic evolutionary history of its endangered host, potentially aiding in its conservation management.
Rift Valley Fever Virus-induced Encephalomyelitis and Hepatitis in Calves

Three calves (Nos. 1, 2 = 7 days old; No. 3 = 21 days old) were inoculated subcutaneously with virulent Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus. All calves became viremic and clinically ill, but the two 7-day-old calves were moribund and were euthanatized subsequently on post-inoculation day (PID) 3. Highest viral titers were measured in the serum, with lesser concentrations in the brain, heart, spleen, and liver of these animals. Viral antigens were detected by immunohistochemical analysis only in the livers, where positive staining was localized in coalescing foci of hepatocellular necrosis. The 21-day-old calf appeared to recover after viremia and pyrexia but became lethargic and ataxic and was euthanatized on PID 9. The calf was no longer viremic, and RVF virus was isolated only from the brain. Microscopic examination of the central nervous system revealed diffuse perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes and macrophages, multifocal meningitis, and focal areas of neuronal necrosis and aggregates of macrophages, lymphocytes, and neutrophils throughout all regions of the brain and cervical spinal cord. There was positive immunohistochemical staining for viral antigens within the cytoplasm of neurons and glial cells throughout the central nervous system. Thus, RVF virus can cause encephalomyelitis in calves, and the specific virologic diagnosis can be made by immunohistochemical localization of viral antigens in formalin-fixed tissues.
Extending Von Neumann uniprocessor architecture to exploit result sharing

The author describes how result sharing schemes can be applied to Von Neumann uniprocessor architectures in order to avoid redundant computations. He presents the modifications needed in a typical Von Neumann architecture to support result sharing. The extensions involved are simple and minimal. In order to fully exploit result sharing using the proposed scheme, the author discusses the issue of the machine code structure as it relates to result sharing potential. The simplicity of the proposed changes and the many real-life applications which will benefit from result sharing make the proposed scheme both useful and practical. >
The UF Family of hybrid phantoms of the pregnant female for computational radiation dosimetry

Efforts to assess in utero radiation doses and related quantities to the developing fetus should account for the presence of the surrounding maternal tissues. Maternal tissues can provide varying levels of protection to the fetus by shielding externally-emitted radiation or, alternatively, can become sources of internally-emitted radiation following the biokinetic uptake of medically-administered radiopharmaceuticals or radionuclides located in the surrounding environment—as in the case of the European Union’s SOLO project (Epidemiological Studies of Exposed Southern Urals Populations). The University of Florida had previously addressed limitations in available computational phantom representation of the developing fetus by constructing a series of hybrid computational fetal phantoms at eight different ages and three weight percentiles. Using CT image sets of pregnant patients contoured using 3D-DOCTORTM, the eight 50th percentile fetal phantoms from that study were systematically combined in RhinocerosTM with the UF adult non-pregnant female to yield a series of reference pregnant female phantoms at fetal ages 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 38 weeks post-conception. Deformable, non-uniform rational B-spline surfaces were utilized to alter contoured maternal anatomy in order to (1) accurately position and orient each fetus and surrounding maternal tissues and (2) match target masses of maternal soft tissue organs to reference data reported in the literature.
Independent biaxial reorganization of the retinotectal projection: A reassessment

It has been previously suggested that the retinotectal projection can reorganize independently along two orthogonal tectal axes. This possibility was reexamined by removing roughly a quarter of the retina and slightly less than a quarter of the tectum. In the tectal case, the unseated fibers arborized rostral to the ablation, but not lateral to it, and the projection shifted irrespective of tectal axes to maintain topographic order and a roughly uniform representation of retinal areas. In the retinal case, expansion into the denervated quadrant was only from the rostral, never from the medial or lateral directions. Analysis of the movements of fiber arbors shows that they respond to local competition for tectal space rather than following tectal axes.
Teaching technical writing

The rapid growth of the computer industry has created an increasing demand for technical writers who can address the specialized problems of computer documentation. Since information science is still a very young discipline, university and college writing programs have only begun to identify the needs of this new industry and develop courses that satisfy those needs. Two interrelated factors have severely aggravated the problem. First, writing for computer systems places the writer in a rigorously specialized context as different from writing for business, law, or medicine as those disciplines are from each other. Since most computer documentation instructs readers on how to use a specific system or set of procedures to perform a specialized task, writing instruction manuals and other supporting documentation for computers must be sharply distinguished from the more traditional forms of business writing, technical report writing, and scholarly journal articles written for publication. The second factor hindering the development of new courses in this area involves the rapid advance of computer technology itself: a bewildering array of new devices and systems appear every week, training documents and reference manuals are often outdated before they are even completed, and the increased complexity of the new technology frequently requires addressing several different audiences, each possessing a widely varying level of technical knowledge. These problems require specialized teaching approaches to create a situational context resembling that of the working world. Students need large conceptual guidelines for addressing different groups of readers, yet the learning environment must remain flexible enought to adapt to rapid technological change and multiple levels of specific information needs. This article describes a course developed at the University of California, Santa Cruz which addresses these problems.
Sociality, Spirituality, and Meaning Making: Chicago Health, Aging, and Social Relations Study

Scientific theories in the natural sciences posit invisible forces operating with measurable effects on physical bodies, but the scientific study of invisible forces acting on human bodies has made limited progress. The topics of sociality, spirituality, and meaning making are cases in point. The authors discuss some of the possible reasons for this as well as contemporary developments in the social sciences and neurosciences that may make such study possible and productive. In approximately 600 BCE, the Greek philosopher Heraclitus referred to the mind as an overwhelming space whose boundaries could never be fully comprehended. For the next 2,300 years, little changed in this regard. Indeed, before the enlightenment of the 18th century, scholars generally believed that thought was instantaneous and that action was governed by an indivisible mind separate from the body. As a result of the belief that the mind was infinitely fast and essentially unanalyzable, there was no point in trying to understand it using scientific means. The human spirit—encompassing the qualities of kindness, mercy, empathy, trust, compassion, justice, love, friendship, devotion, and hope—was championed in art, literature, and religion but was at best ignored by the scientific community. The past three centuries have been a period of unparalleled advance in science. Scientific theories of magnetism, gravity, and dark matter have emerged to posit invisible forces operating with measurable effects on physical bodies. During this same period, the scientific study of invisible forces acting on human bodies has
A comparison of parallel approaches for algebraic factorization in logic synthesis

Algebraic factorization is an extremely important part of any logic synthesis system, but it is computationally expensive. Hence, it is important to look at parallel processing to speed up the procedure. This paper presents three different parallel algorithms for algebraic factorization. The first algorithm uses circuit replication and uses a divide-and-conquer strategy. A second algorithm uses totally independent factorization on different circuit partitions with no interactions among the partitions. A third algorithm represents a compromise between the two approaches. It uses a novel L-shaped partitioning strategy which provides some interaction among the rectangles obtained in various partitions. For a large circuit like ex1010, the last algorithm runs 11.5 times faster over the sequential kernel extraction algorithms of the SIS sequential circuit synthesis system on six processors with less than 0.2% degradation in quality of the results.
Ethnic Differences in Cardiovascular Drug Response Potential Contribution of Pharmacogenetics

In the early 1980s, clinical differences in response to the blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects of β-blockers and, to a lesser extent, diuretics were noted between ethnic groups. The most convincing evidence at that time came from a Veterans Affairs (VA) Cooperative Trial,1 which, along with other smaller studies, suggested that whites (those of European ancestry) had a better antihypertensive response to β-blockers than blacks (those of African ancestry), whereas blacks had a slight better response to diuretics than whites. Shortly after the first angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor was approved in the mid-1980s, it was also recognized that whites responded more favorably to ACE inhibitors than did blacks. Over time, these differences in response became well accepted, such that ethnicity began to be used in helping to guide selection of antihypertensive drug therapy.2,3 Although the ethnic differences in response between β-blockers and ACE inhibitors in hypertension are perhaps the mostly widely recognized examples of ethnic differences in response to cardiovascular drugs, there are others. Pharmacogenetics is a field that seeks to unravel the genetic underpinnings of variable drug responses.4 Given the recognized ethnic differences in drug responses and the fact that many genetic polymorphisms differ in frequency on the basis of ethnicity/ancestry, questions about whether pharmacogenetics may also lead to an understanding of the ethnic differences in drug response are not surprising. The present review will summarize the most widely recognized examples of cardiovascular drugs with differential response by ethnicity and the evidence that pharmacogenetics data may aid in our understanding of these differences. Given that there are many examples in the literature of genetic associations that are not replicated, the pharmacogenetic examples discussed herein will come from those for which there is some evidence of replication or for which there have been multiple negative findings. In light …
Spatial and Cross-Modal Attention Alter Responses to Unattended Sensory Information in Early Visual and Auditory Human Cortex

Attending to a visual or auditory stimulus often requires irrelevant information to be filtered out, both within the modality attended and in other modalities. For example, attentively listening to a phone conversation can diminish our ability to detect visual events. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine brain responses to visual and auditory stimuli while subjects attended visual or auditory information. Although early cortical areas are traditionally considered unimodal, we found that brain responses to the same ignored information depended on the modality attended. In early visual area V1, responses to ignored visual stimuli were weaker when attending to another visual stimulus, compared with attending to an auditory stimulus. The opposite was true in more central visual area MT+, where responses to ignored visual stimuli were weaker when attending to an auditory stimulus. Furthermore, fMRI responses to the same ignored visual information depended on the location of the auditory stimulus, with stronger responses when the attended auditory stimulus shared the same side of space as the ignored visual stimulus. In early auditory cortex, responses to ignored auditory stimuli were weaker when attending a visual stimulus. A simple parameterization of our data can describe the effects of redirecting attention across space within the same modality (spatial attention) or across modalities (cross-modal attention), and the influence of spatial attention across modalities (cross-modal spatial attention). Our results suggest that the representation of unattended information depends on whether attention is directed to another stimulus in the same modality or the same region of space.
Effects of hand and knee positions on muscular activity during trunk extension exercise with the Roman chair

Abstract This experimental study was performed to investigate the effects of hand and knee positions on muscular activity during back extension exercises with the Roman chair. Eighteen asymptomatic male amateur athletes performed four prone back extension exercises with two hand positions (crossed-arms and behind-the-head), and two knee positions (extended knee and 90° flexed knee). Surface electromyography (sEMG) was performed to collect data from the lower trapezius (LT), latissimus dorsi (LD), erector spinae in the T12 paraspinal region (ES-T12), erector spinae at the L3 level (ES-L3), gluteus maximus (GM), and biceps femoris (BF). Two-way repeated analysis of variance with two within-subject factors (two hand positions and two knee positions) was used to determine the significance of differences between the exercise conditions, and which hand and knee positions resulted in greater activation with exercise variation. The root mean square sEMG values were normalized using the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and represented as the % of the maximum EMG (%mEMG). There was no significant interaction between knee and hand positions in the %mEMG data. The results showed that the hand position affected the normalized activation of LT; the behind-the-head position resulted in significantly greater muscle activation than the crossed-arms hand position ( P P
Radiographic outcome of recent‐onset rheumatoid arthritis: A 19‐year study of radiographic progression

Objective To describe the longitudinal radiographic course of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to identify and quantitate predictors of radiographic progression. Methods This prospective, longitudinal study of radiographic progression and clinical predictors of RA involved 256 patients with RA who were seen within the first 2 years of disease (mean 0.77 years) and were followed up for up to 19 years. Participants underwent a total of 6,278 clinical assessments (mean 24.5) and 934 paired radiographs (mean 3.1, range 2-6). Clinical assessments at every visit included determination of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), grip strength, pain scores, tender joint counts, and anxiety and depression measurements. Regression analyses utilized time-integrated predictors. Results Overall, radiographic progression rates, as measured by the summary Sharp scores, appeared constant over the course of RA. The strongest correlate of progression was the time-integrated ESR (ρ = 0.53). This association grew stronger with time. At 0-5 years, 5-10 years, 10-15 years, and 15-20 years, correlations were 0.40, 0.50, 0.65, and 0.74, respectively, and for the period 10-20 years, the correlation was 0.67. In multivariate models, the mean ESR, mean grip strength, rheumatoid factor positivity, and tender joint count were independent predictors of radiographic progression. Conclusion Radiographic damage occurs at a constant rate in RA, and is not greater early in RA or reduced later in the course of the illness. Acute-phase reactants are, by far, the strongest determinants of progression.
Knowledge maps improve comprehension in therapeutics

The purpose of this study was to examine knowledge mapping as an educational tool to improve comprehension in two modules of a therapeutics course. Two groups of students attended either the gastrointestinal or cardiovascular modules taught with traditional outlines. After testing, they crossed over to the opposite module which was taught with knowledge maps. This module was followed by an examination testing identical concepts as the previous groups. Students also completed a Likert-scale questionnaire to assess their attitude toward knowledge mapping. The mean score on the gastrointestinal exam increased from 80.2 to 84.7 (P<0.05). Likewise, mean score on the cardiovascular exam increased from 78.3 to 88.2 (P<0.001). Questionnaires indicated that students found knowledge maps easier to study than traditional outlines. The students also stated that knowledge maps were useful in logically grouping information and in depicting interrelationships between concepts.
Light and Group Theory

Light was recognized as the subtlest kind of matter quite a long time ago. Light has dominated human experience both in the natural form as well as when artifically produced. From the study of the propogation of light it was learned that light propogates rectilinearly.
Indentation Testing of Bulk Zr 0.5 Hf 0.5 Co 1- x Ir x Sb 0.99 Sn 0.01 Half-Heusler Alloys

Indentation tests were performed to assess the influence of compositional changes on the mechanical properties of several half-Heusler compounds with the general composition Zr 0.5 Hf 0.5 Co 1- x Ir x Sb 0.99 Sn 0.01 ( x =0.0,0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7). These samples were synthesized by high temperature solid-state reactions and were consolidated by hot-pressing. Indentation measurements were obtained using both microhardness testing (Vickers) and depth-sensing nanoindentation. These measurements were used to determine the microhardness and the elastic modulus of each half-Heusler compound. The Vickers hardness values were found to range between 876 and 964. A slight increase in hardness was observed with the addition of iridium. The elastic stiffness values ranged from 229 GPa to 246 GPa. Here, a slight decrease in stiffness was observed with the addition of iridium.
Reprogramming Essential Hypertension: The Role of Resveratrol.

See related article, pp 1038–1044 In this issue of Hypertension , Care et al1 show promising data supporting resveratrol supplementation during gestational and post gestational periods for the treatment of essential hypertension in the offspring. Administration of resveratrol to spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) dams prevented high blood pressure (BP) in both male and female SHR progeny. Their results have clinical relevance for they demonstrate a subjugation of genetically inherited high BP (Figure). Figure. Diagram for the proposed effects of resveratrol on the blood pressure of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Hypertension is a leading health problem worldwide. It has a high prevalence and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality for cardiovascular and renal diseases. An estimated one third of the adult US population is hypertensive and an equivalent percentage experience prehypertension. Individuals with prehypertension are at a particular risk of developing overt hypertension. Furthermore, the costs for treatments and hospitalization are exorbitant.2,3 Primary or essential hypertension is the most common form of hypertension. It is typically a genetic, progressive disease with susceptibility increasing based on individual confounding factors/environment. In contrast to secondary hypertension, treatment of essential hypertension cannot be addressed by removing the known cause. Although essential hypertension is …
Searching for Injustice: The Challenge of Post-Conviction Discovery, Investigation, and Litigation

One of the biggest challenges for our criminal justice system today is dealing with post-conviction challenges in state and federal courts. In order to effectively and fairly address these challenges, we need changes in our post-conviction discovery, investigation and litigation procedures. Current procedures often choose finality over accuracy. This paper suggests reforms, including a move toward a more collaborative post-conviction process.
The impact of FNAC in the management of salivary gland lesions: Institutional experiences leading to a risk-based classification scheme

BACKGROUND Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has proven its value as an essential step in the diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. Although the majority of salivary gland lesions, especially those that are common and benign, can be diagnosed with ease on FNAC, limited cellularity and morphologic lesion heterogeneity can pose diagnostic challenges and lead to false-positive and false-negative diagnoses. This study presents the institutional experience of FNAC of salivary gland lesions from 2 academic centers. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 1729 salivary gland FNAC specimens that were diagnosed over an 8-year period from January 2008 to March 2015. All samples were processed either with liquid-based cytology alone or in combination with air-dried, Diff-Quik–stained or alcohol-fixed, Papanicolaou-stained smears. RESULTS Surgical excision was performed in 709 of 1749 FNACs (41%) that were diagnosed as nondiagnostic/inadequate (n = 29), benign (n = 111), neoplasm (n = 453), atypical (n = 15), suspicious for malignancy (n = 28), and malignant (n = 73). The overall concordance between cytologic and histologic diagnoses was 92.2%, with 91.8% concordance in the benign category and 89.5% concordance in cases diagnosed as suspicious for malignancy and malignant. The most frequent benign and malignant lesions were pleomorphic adenoma and squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. There were 46 false-negative and 13 false-positive results, leading to an overall specificity of 97.6% and diagnostic accuracy of 91.3%. CONCLUSIONS FNAC is a reliable diagnostic modality for the diagnosis and management of salivary gland lesions based on its high specificity and diagnostic accuracy. Cancer Cytopathol 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Morphology of Hemobartonella muris as revealed by darkfield microscopy.

SummaryDarkfield examination of the blood of rats parasitized with H. muris shows that organism to have a motility which, though limited, is directional in character. Motility of the organisms in the plasma is diminished rapidly as the preparation ages. The forms seen in darkfield preparation are not limited to the granular variety; numerous variations in morphology are present and probably the entire morphological range as can be seen in the stained film. Our observations lead us to conclude that the organisms are both intracellular and epicellular in position in relation to the red cell, as well as being free in the plasma.
Exploring Tribal Settlement Ecology in the Southeast: A Case Study from the North Carolina Piedmont, 800–1600 Ce

Ecological studies of pre-contact tribal groups tend to focus on the environmental aspects of ecology; far less research has explored the social, economic, and political interactions that influence interactions between a group and its environment and landscape. In this research, we present a comprehensive approach to studying tribal ecology through the use of archaeological settlement patterns. We use a combination of ceramic analysis, GIS-based landscape reconstruction, and discriminant function analysis to explore the relationships between settlement location, size, and various environmental and cultural features of the landscape. Our work focuses on Piedmont Village Tradition (PVT) peoples of the upper Yadkin River Valley in the North Carolina Piedmont during 800-1600 CE. Studies of tribal cultures in the Southeast during this time period are rare. Our results indicate that intergroup relations strongly influenced settlement patterns, suggesting that we take a more inclusive approach to studying their ...
Twenty-Six Varieties of Forage Crops Evaluated for Resistance to Feeding by Melanoplus sanguinipes,

Thirteen species of grasses and 4 species of legumes were screened and evaluated for resistance to feeding by the migratory grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.) (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Preference and antibiosis were investigated with both greenhouse- and field-grown plants. The following 6 species of grass were not preferred, and feeding on them produced only small increases in the weight of the grasshopper: Stipa viridula Trin. (Green Stipa), Agropyron dasystachyum (Hook) Scribn. (P-15581), Festuca ovina var. duriuscula (L.) Koch (Durar), F. arundinacca Schreb. (Kenmont), Dactylis glomcrata L. (Pennlate), and Bromus inermis Leyss (Lincoln). Grasshoppers that fed on legumes had the largest gains in weight and the lowest mortality.
English Language Proficiency at the Workplace: Expectations of Bank Officers in Malaysia

AbstractIt is quite common nowadays to hear employers in Malaysia complaining about the inability of their employees, especially graduates, to communicate effectively in English. In relation to the declining quality of English in the workplace, this research specifically investigates the criteria of good writing among Malaysian bank officers. Several bank officers were asked to evaluate replies to letters of complaint written by undergraduates pursuing an English for Specific Purposes course at a tertiary institution in Malaysia. The research methodology used was verbal protocols (Ericsson & Simon 1984/1993; Green 1998) and guided interviews. This paper highlights how bankers viewed the language errors in the texts they evaluated and also their views about the linguistic reality of English language proficiency of our graduates in the workplace.
Association between anger rumination and autism symptom severity, depression symptoms, aggression, and general dysregulation in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

Rumination has a large direct effect on psychopathology but has received relatively little attention in autism spectrum disorder despite the propensity to perseverate in this population. This study provided initial evidence that adolescents with autism spectrum disorder self-report more anger-focused rumination than typically developing controls, though there was substantial within-group variability. Anger rumination was positively correlated with autism symptom severity with both groups combined. Future studies that include measures of perseveration on special interests are needed to understand whether anger rumination is a manifestation of a perseverative type of repetitive behavior or a distinct trait. Even when controlling for autism symptom severity, however, anger-focused rumination was associated with poorer functioning, including more depression symptoms and overall emotional and behavioral dysregulation. Therefore, further inquiry regarding anger rumination in autism spectrum disorder is clinically important, and the potential impact of rumination-focused interventions should be explored.
Human dermal fibroblasts in monolayer tissue culture. Effect of ascorbic acid analogues

Abstract The effect of some ascorbic acid analogues and two other reducing substances on collagen synthesis, as well as on cell growth and acid mucopolysaccharide production, was studied in monolayer tissue culture of human dermal fibroblasts. d-isoascorbic acid was as effective as l-ascorbic acid in promoting collagen synthesis if the comparison was made at relatively high concentrations such as 200 μg per milliliter of culture medium. Dehydroascorbic acid was ineffective when it was added alone, but was effective when added with cysteine, although inferior to equivalent amounts of ascorbic acid. Neither cysteine nor hydroquinone affected hydroxyproline synthesis. Cysteine seemed to have a sparing effect when it was added with ascorbic acid. It is suggested that the active site of ascorbic acid in hydroxyproline synthesis is its hydroxyradical or radicals and that there is a relative lack of stereospecificity for this vitamin.
Work Ethic Dimensions as Predictors of Ego Depletion

This study examined positive and negative relationships between dimensions of work ethic and ego depletion. Temporary detriments in self-control - known as ego depletion - have been shown to be detrimental to performance across a variety of situations. Previous research has sought to identify the degree to which ego depletion’s impact varies as a function of traits and behavior. Work ethic is a multidimensional construct representing an individual's attitudes toward work and effortful activities. Its dimensions are reliable predictors of positive organizational outcomes and selected dimensions are conceptually similar to depletion-relevant constructs. The present investigation examined how work ethic may identify characteristics that are more or less susceptible to ego depletion's effects. Results found that work ethic dimensions explained a significant proportion of the variance in ego depletion. Specifically, the dimension of hard work positively predicted perceptions of ego depletion whereas the self-reliance dimension was negatively associated with depletion. Individuals believing that hard work and increased effort are critical for success appear to be more strongly impacted by the effects of ego depletion. Conversely, more self-reliant individuals appear to experience less depletion. These results add to the nomological network surrounding ego depletion and its relationship to traits and also identify additional applications of the work ethic construct. The results also have potential implications for organizations, particularly related to organizational selection and employee workloads.
Bacteriological Survey of Raw "Soul Foods" Available in South Carolina.

Bacterial counts of "soul foods" obtained from 10 farm families and 10 supermarkets were determined. Total plate count means for farm family vegetables ranged from 1.5 × 106/g to 2.9 × 106/g, and 2.0 × 102/g to 3.1 × 105/g for vegetables purchased at the retail sales establishments. Pig offal samples with the highest total plate counts were pigtails, 4.8 × 108/g and maws, 4.5 × 108/g from farm families; and pigtails, 2.8 × 109/g, neck bones, 2.4 × 109/g from the retail sources. Fecal coliforms were not detected in any of the vegetable samples but were isolated from 24% of the pig offals. Sixty percent of all of the foods were positive for Salmonella and 96% were positive for coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus . Clostridium perfringens was only detected in one sample, chitterlings from a retail source.
Disparities in the management and prophylaxis of surgical site infection and pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy.

Background Pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) carries a high morbidity. Over time, pancreatic surgeons have altered their perioperative management in efforts to reduce morbidity rates, thereby creating major technical and management variations. We aim to evaluate the practice patterns of hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) surgeons across multiple regions worldwide. Methods Between May and August 2015, an anonymous 25-item survey questionnaire was electronically distributed to the International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association members regarding practice patterns and perioperative care of patients undergoing PD. Responses were analyzed based on three variables: geographical region, institution type and volume status. Results Among 285 participants, the majority were high-volume surgeons (80.4%) at academic institutions (56.1%) from the United States (34.7%), Europe (28.1%) and Asia (14.3%). North American surgeons are more likely to limit prophylactic antibiotic within 24 h postoperatively (P 50 cases/year) are more likely to routinely culture intraoperative bile (64% vs. 33.3–37.5%) and close incision with subcuticular sutures (42.5% vs. 15.3–25.9%). Conclusions Our survey demonstrated significant heterogeneity in perioperative management between HPB surgeons across different regions worldwide. Further studies are warranted to assess the impact of these variations on outcomes of patients undergoing PD. Efforts should be directed towards standardization of perioperative management of PD.
Toward an Elaboration of the Pedagogical Common

In the opening of their most recent book, Declaration, Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri put forth a provocative assertion: their text is not a manifesto but, as their title suggests, a declaration, the key distinction being that a manifesto aims to summon something into existence, whether it be a new world or a global subject of opposition. In contrast, for Hardt and Negri, Declaration (Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, 2012), a declaration puts forth “a new set of principles and truths” derived from the already-present desires of the multitude (p. 1). The insight of this inversion proves to be valuable, for it calls on a type of responsiveness to the form and content of social movements that are already occurring. It is a methodological approach that maintains that theory must be responsive to practice.
The in vivo performance of a novel thermal accelerant agent used for augmentation of microwave energy delivery within biologic tissues during image-guided thermal ablation: a porcine study.

AbstractObjectives: To investigate the effects of a novel caesium-based thermal accelerant (TA) agent on ablation zone volumes following in vivo microwave ablation of porcine liver and skeletal muscle, and to correlate the effects of TA with target organ perfusion.Materials and methods: This prospective study was performed following institutional animal care and use committee approval. Microwave ablation was performed in liver and resting skeletal muscle in eight Sus scrofa domesticus swine following administration of TA at concentrations of 0 mg/mL (control), 100 mg/mL and 250 mg/mL. Treated tissues were explanted and stained with triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) for quantification of ablation zone volumes, which were compared between TA and control conditions. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was also performed for histologic analysis. General mixed modelling with a log-normal distribution was used for all quantitative comparisons (p = 0.05).Results: A total of 28 ablations were performed in the ...
Truly simultaneous SS-OCT of the anterior and posterior human eye with full anterior chamber and 50° retinal field of views (Conference Presentation)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has revolutionized clinical observation of the eye and is an indispensable part of the modern ophthalmic practice. Unlike many other ophthalmic imaging techniques, OCT provides three-dimensional information about the imaged eye. However, conventional clinical OCT systems image only the anterior or the posterior eye during a single acquisition. Newer OCT systems have begun to image both during the same acquisition but with compromises such as limited field of view in the posterior eye or requiring rapid switching between the anterior and posterior eye during the scan. We describe here the development and demonstration of an OCT system with truly simultaneous imaging of both the anterior and posterior eye capable of imaging the full anterior chamber width and 50° on the retina (macula, optic nerve, and arcades). The whole eye OCT system was developed using custom optics and optomechanics. Polarization was utilized to separate the imaging channels. We utilized a 200kHz swept-source laser (Axsun Technologies) centered at 1040±50nm of bandwidth. The clock signal generated by the laser was interpolated 4x to generate 5504 samples per laser sweep. With the whole eye OCT system, we simultaneously acquired anterior and posterior segments with repeated B-scans as well as three-dimensional volumes from seven healthy volunteers (other than refractive error). On three of these volunteers, whole eye OCT and partial coherence interferometry (LenStar PCI, Haag-Streit) were used to measure axial eye length. We measured a mean repeatability of ±47µm with whole eye OCT and a mean difference from PCI of -68µm.
Tau imaging in traumatic encephalopathy and dementia.

1229 Objectives 1. Describe the neurodegenerative pathology in dementia and traumatic encephalopathy. 2. Describe radiotracers as biomarkers of tauopathies. 3. Illustrate patterns of tau imaging in traumatic encephalopathy and dementia, and correlate these with 18-FDG, amyloid imaging, and structural imaging. Methods Repetitive brain injury leads to chronic traumatic encephalopathy, CTE. Its pathology overlaps Alzheimers dementia, AD (1). Both conditions show neurodegeneration with characteristic macromolecular depositions detected in histology, such as tau and amyloid complexes. These complexes are putative targets for biomarkers in PET brain imaging. We combine a PubMed search on imaging of CTE and AD covering the year 2015 with local studies done as part of the Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and imaging of CTE in former football players to generate an educational exhibit. Results Tracers that are available for PET imaging in the clinic or in late clinical trials show promise in detecting an in vivo molecular signature that is useful in managing patients suffering from dementia and CTE. 18-F fluobetapir is an example of a commercially available agent that detects brain amyloid and assists in the diagnosis of clinically equivocal AD. In research it has been used to also detect amyloid in CTE. 18-F-AV-1451, is an investigational drug specific for tau complexes (neurofibrillar tangles) seen in AD and CTE (2). The distribution of tau related complexes is different in these conditions. In CTE it is diffuse in the neocortex while in AD it is largely in the medial temporal lobe (1,2). Tau imaging should increase specificity in the PET imaging of dementia and related conditions because normal brain (which may exhibit amyloid deposition with aging) does not accumulate tau complexes. Conclusions The cross road between CTE and AD provides a unique substrate to review the histopathology of neurodegeneration, and the tracers based on these findings. These agents supplement markers of metabolism and amyloid deposition already available in the clinic. This expanded toolkit in brain PET imaging is expected to assist in the diagnosis of CTE and AD, provide risk stratification, and follow up response in new therapies. 1) Kiernan, Patrick T., Philip H. Montenigro, Todd M. Solomon, and Ann C. McKee. “Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: A Neurodegenerative Consequence of Repetitive Traumatic Brain Injury.” Seminars in Neurology 35, no. 1 (February 2015): 20-28. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1545080. 2) James, Olga G., P. Murali Doraiswamy, and Salvador Borges-Neto. “PET Imaging of Tau Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease and Tauopathies.” Frontiers in Neurology 6 (March 9, 2015). doi:10.3389/fneur.2015.00038. RESEARCH SUPPORT: None
Genome Sequences of Escherichia coli Strains That Cause Persistent and Transient Mastitis.

ABSTRACT We report here the genome sequences of two strains of Escherichia coli (ECA-B and ECC-M) that cause bovine mastitis. These strains are known to be associated with persistent and transient mastitis; strain ECA-B causes a transient infection, and ECC-M leads to a persistent infection.
Tail-Anchored Protein Insertion by a Single Get1/2 Heterodimer

Summary The Get1/2 transmembrane complex drives the insertion of tail-anchored (TA) proteins from the cytosolic chaperone Get3 into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Mechanistic insight into how Get1/2 coordinates this process is confounded by a lack of understanding of the basic architecture of the complex. Here, we define the oligomeric state of full-length Get1/2 in reconstituted lipid bilayers by combining single-molecule and bulk fluorescence measurements with quantitative in vitro insertion analysis. We show that a single Get1/2 heterodimer is sufficient for insertion and demonstrate that the conserved cytosolic regions of Get1 and Get2 bind asymmetrically to opposing subunits of the Get3 homodimer. Altogether, our results define a simplified model for how Get1/2 and Get3 coordinate TA protein insertion.
Alkyl Isocyanates via Manganese-Catalyzed C–H Activation for the Preparation of Substituted Ureas

Organic isocyanates are versatile intermediates that provide access to a wide range of functionalities. In this work, we have developed the first synthetic method for preparing aliphatic isocyanates via direct C–H activation. This method proceeds efficiently at room temperature and can be applied to functionalize secondary, tertiary, and benzylic C–H bonds with good yields and functional group compatibility. Moreover, the isocyanate products can be readily converted to substituted ureas without isolation, demonstrating the synthetic potential of the method. To study the reaction mechanism, we have synthesized and characterized a rare MnIV–NCO intermediate and demonstrated its ability to transfer the isocyanate moiety to alkyl radicals. Using EPR spectroscopy, we have directly observed a MnIV intermediate under catalytic conditions. Isocyanation of celestolide with a chiral manganese salen catalyst followed by trapping with aniline afforded the urea product in 51% enantiomeric excess. This represents the o...
A Prototype Implementation of OpenMP Task Dependency Support

OpenMP 3.0 introduced the concept of asynchronous tasks, independent units of work that may be dynamically created and scheduled. Task synchronization is accomplished via the insertion of taskwait and barrier constructs. However, the inappropriate use of these constructs may incur significant overhead owing to global synchronizations for specific algorithms on large platforms. The performance of such algorithms may benefit substantially if a mechanism of specifying finer gained point-to-point synchronization between tasks is available. In this paper we present extensions to the current OpenMP task directive to enable the specification of dependencies among tasks. A task waits only until the explicit dependencies as specified by the programmer are satisfied, thereby enabling support for a dataflow model within OpenMP. We evaluate the extensions implemented in the OpenUH OpenMP compiler using LU decomposition and Smith-Waterman algorithms. By applying the extensions to the two algorithms, we demonstrate significant performance improvement over the standard tasking versions. When comparing our results with those obtained using related dataflow models - OmpSs and QUARK, we observed that the versions using our task extensions delivered an average speedup of 2-6x.
Attentional Capacity and Processing Resources

Much of the early research that led to the development of contemporary cognitive psychology was concerned with investigating the limits of human abilities. These limits were clearly evident in tasks such as span of apprehension, absolute judgment, reaction time, and in a variety of dual-task situations where two activities had to be performed simultaneously. After the restrictions on maximal performance were well documented, theorists started speculating as to the type of mechanisms that might be responsible for such limitations. Judging from its longevity, one of the most popular of the mechanisms proposed was a limit on the human’s attentional capacity or processing resources. There is considerable confusion about the exact nature of attentional capacity, but all theorists agree that whatever it is, less of it leads to poorer performance on a variety of tasks.
Clinical Drug Assessment

In 1900, about 150,000 “mentally ill” Americans occupied hospital beds. This population had grown to 500,000 individuals by 1955, the year before chlorpromazine was introduced into psychiatric practice. With that introduction, the number of hospitalized mentally ill Americans began a steady decline, falling to below 200,000 in 1975 (Berger, 1978). As Lickey and Gordon (1983) point out, “The decline in the number of hospitalized patients has not resulted from a decrease in the rate of new hospital admissions. Rather, the new drugs have made it possible to leave the hospital after a much briefer stay” (p. 4).
Educational Preparation and Clinical Training within a Medical Setting

The diversity and depth of knowledge required to educate a professionally competent clinical psychologist have expanded significantly since the early 1980s. Although the Boulder model (Raimy,1950) of the scientist-practitioner is still favored in many programs (Perry,1979 Perry,1983), there is disagreement on how much emphasis to place on training in science or practice (Peterson,1987). New models, such as the scientist-professional or scholar-professional, enjoy popularity and compete significantly with the traditional model. The reality that the majority of clinical psychologists will spend most of their lives as practitioners sometimes conflicts with the aspirations of academicians to educate persons who will devote their careers to research. It is no small task to weave an educational experience that recognizes these diverse forces and purposes into an integration of the current richness found in psychology. Some of this difficult integration was attempted at the National Conference on Graduate Education in Psychology (Bickman & Ellis,1989). A more sophisticated statement was developed at the 1990 National Conference on Scientist-Practitioner Education and Training for the Professional Practice of Psychology. This chapter focuses on one piece of this education: what clinical training possibilities exist in a hospital setting and how such training helps fulfill psychology’s larger goal, the education of scientifically minded clinicians.