cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Further evaluation of animal systemic insecticides, 1970.

Twenty-nine insecticides were active systemically when administered orally or subcutaneously to guinea pigs parasitized by larvae of the black blow fly, Phormia regina (Meigen), and the secondary screwworm, Cochliomyia macellaria (F.), by nymphs of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.), and by adult stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.). When these 29 insecticides and 12 previously tested insecticides were administered orally by capsule or dermally as sprays to cattle, the following oral treatments gave >90% control of cattle grubs, Hypoderma spp.: CIBA C-9491 ( O -(2,5-dichloro-4-iodophenyl) O, O -dimethyl phosphorothioate) (50 mg/kg), CIBA C-11044 ( O -(2,5-dichloro-4-iodophenyl) O -ethyl O -methyl phosphorothioate) (100 mg/kg), and Hercules 18009 ( O, O -dimethyl phosphorodithioate S -ester with 1-acetyl-3-(mercaptomethyl) hydantoin) (5 mg/kg).
Evaluation of the interrupter technique for the use of assessing airway obstruction in children

The purpose of this study was to determine if the interrupter technique, a noninvasive method for measuring airflow resistance, could be used to assess airway obstruction in children. In 107 children (74 with asthma, 12 with cystic fibrosis, and 21 without lung disease) conductance (mostly of airways) measured with the interrupter technique (Gint) was correlated with both forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and the forced expired flow rate between 25% and 75% of vital capacity (FEF25–75. In addition, 17 children with significant airway obstruction due to asthma also had airway resistance measured by body plethysmography (Raw) before and after treatment. Resistance and conductance measurements made with the interrupter technique were subdivided into inspiratory (Rint-insp, Gint-insp) and expiratory (Rint-exp Gint-exp) values. In the 107 children, a high degree of linear correlation was found between Gint-exsp and FEV1 for Gint-insp, r = 0.77 (P < 0.001), and for r = 0.76 (P < 0.001). There was also good linear correlation between Gin, and FEF25–75 for r = 0.70 (P < 0.001), and for Gint-insp, r = 0.67 (P < 0.001). In the 17 asthmatic children who were tested before and after treatment of their airway obstruction, Rint correlated highly with Raw; for Rint-exp, r = 0.91 (P < 0.001), and for Rint-insp, r = 0.83 (P < 0.001). The pre- to posttreatment changes in R, and Raw were similar. We conclude that the interrupter technique can be used to assess changes in airway obstruction, but normal values must be established and further investigation is required before the complete extent of its clinical utility will be known. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 17:211–217. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Theological Discussion Group and Its Impact on American and Ecumenical Theology, 1920–1945

Discussion about theological developments in the United States during the 1930s and 1940s has focused on the influence of European “crisis theology” and Reinhold Niebuhr. This approach, however, has overlooked the cooperative work carried out by the theologians and churchmen who pushed American Protestant thought towards neo-orthodoxy. At the core of this movement stood a group of young theologians who shared a generational identity, having known each other as student leaders in the YMCA, Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions (SVM), and the World's Student Christian Federation (WSCF). Among them were men and women who later held academic positions at America's most prestigious Protestant seminaries: Henry P. Van Dusen, John C. Bennett, the Niebuhr brothers, Walter M. Horton, Edwin E. Aubrey, Georgia Harkness, Robert L. Calhoun, John Mackay, Samuel McCrea Cavert, and the layman Francis P. Miller.
Tests of a ``free-volume'' model of gas permeation through polymer membranes. II. Pure Ar, SF6, CF4, and C2H2F2 in polyethylene

Coefficients de permeabilite de ces gaz a partir des vitesses de permeation a l'etat stationnaire a des temperatures de 5 a 50°C et a des pressions de gaz jusqu'a 15 atm.
Wash Load, Autosuspensions and Hyperconcentrations

A review of washload, autosuspensions and hyperconcentrated flow is made to sort out the similarities and differences of these processes or concepts. Both theory and experimental information show that for uniform, steady open-channel flow autosuspension cannot and does not occur. Washload, as defined by Einstein, is a most useful and descriptive concept which helps to portray the actual transport processes which occur in natural channels. Hyperconcentrated flows are characteristic of a relatively small number of rivers in the world, but it too is a very excellent descriptive term and reflects a state of suspension which behaves somewhat differently than ordinary suspensions. Some authors have attempted to relate these three entities even though one doesn’t exist and the other two are independent. Washload and hyperconcentrations are different and attempts to relate them should be abandoned.
Processive and Distributive Extension of Human Telomeres by Telomerase under Homeostatic and Nonequilibrium Conditions

Specific information about how telomerase acts in vivo is necessary for understanding telomere dynamics in human tumor cells. Our results imply that, under homeostatic telomere length-maintenance conditions, only one molecule of telomerase acts at each telomere during every cell division and processively adds ∼60 nt to each end. In contrast, multiple molecules of telomerase act at each telomere when telomeres are elongating (nonequilibrium conditions). Telomerase extension is less processive during the first few weeks following the reversal of long-term treatment with the telomerase inhibitor Imetelstat (GRN163L), a time when Cajal bodies fail to deliver telomerase RNA to telomeres. This result implies that processing of telomerase by Cajal bodies may affect its processivity. Overexpressed telomerase is also less processive than the endogenously expressed telomerase. These findings reveal two major distinct extension modes adopted by telomerase in vivo.
CO substitution in HRu3(CO)10(μ-COMe) by the unsaturated diphosphine ligand 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-4-cyclopenten-1,3-dione (bpcd): Synthesis and reactivity studies of the face-capped cluster Ru3(CO)7(μ3-COMe)[μ-P(Ph)CC(PPh2)C(O)CH2C(O)]

Abstract The reaction of the methylidyne-bridged cluster HRu3(CO)10(μ-COMe) (1) with the diphosphine ligand 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-4-cyclopenten-1,3-dione (bpcd) and Me3NO furnishes HRu3(CO)8(μ-COMe)(bpcd) (2) and HRu3(CO)8(Ph2PH)[μ-PPh2C CC(O)CH2C(O)] (3) as the major and minor products, respectively. The 1H and 31P NMR data indicate that the bpcd ligand in 2 is chelated to one of the ruthenium atoms that is bridged by the hydride and methylidyne ligands. Thermolysis of 2 is accompanied by P–Ph bond cleavage and elimination of benzene to yield Ru3(CO)7(μ3-COMe)[μ-P(Ph)C C(PPh2)C(O)CH2C(O)] (4). Compound 4 consists of a triangular ruthenium core that is face-capped by μ3-COMe methylidyne and μ-P(Ph)C C(PPh2)C(O)CH2C(O) phosphido ligands. The kinetics for the conversion of 2 → 4 have been measured in toluene solvent over the temperature range 320–343 K, and based on the observed activation parameters and the inhibitory effect of added CO on the reaction, a rate-limiting step involving a dissociative loss of CO is supported. Heating 4 in the presence of H2 afforded the phosphinidene-capped cluster H3Ru3(CO)7(μ3-PPh)[μ-C C(PPh2)C(O)CH2C(O)] (5). Crystallographic analysis of 5 has confirmed the loss of the methylidyne moiety and the cleavage of the phosphido PhP–C(dione) bond, and the presence of three edge-bridging hydrides is supported by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The reaction of 4 with added PPh3 and PMe3 has been investigated; the uptake of a single phosphine ligand occurs regiospecifically at one of the phosphido-bound ruthenium centers to give Ru3(CO)6L(μ3-COMe)[μ-P(Ph)C C(PPh2)C(O)CH2C(O)] (PPh3, 6; PMe3, 7). Compound 6 contains 48e- and exhibits a structural motif similar to that found in 4. Compound 7 readily adds a second PMe3 ligand to yield the bis-substituted cluster Ru3(CO)6(PMe3)2(μ2-COMe)[μ-P(Ph)C C(PPh2)C(O)CH2C(O)] (8). The solid-state structure of 8 confirms the loss of two ruthenium–ruthenium bonds and the conversion of the original face-capping μ3-COMe ligand to a μ2-COMe moiety that tethers two non-bonding ruthenium centers. The two PMe3 ligands in 8 coordinate to the same ruthenium center, and the 9e- P(Ph)C C(PPh2)C(O)CH2C(O) ligand binds all three ruthenium atoms through the phosphine, phosphido, alkene, and carbonyl moieties. Near-UV irradiation of 8 leads to loss of CO and polyhedral contraction of the triruthenium frame to yield the 48e- cluster Ru3(CO)5(PMe3)2(μ3-COMe)[μ-P(Ph)C C(PPh2)C(O)CH2C(O)] (9).
Somatic Cell Hybrids Formed between Lines of Cultured Cells

A somatic cell hybrid may be defined as a cell which arose through the cytoplasmic and nuclear fusion of two or more genetically disparate cells, and which contains within its own nucleus genetic information from each of these cells. A line of hybrid somatic cells is said to exist when progeny of the hybrid cell initially formed can be serially propagated in vitro.
A Classroom Simulation of Transitivity Problems in Animals

Transitive inference involves the ability to infer a serial relation between ordered events that have been presented only in successive pairs. Successful completion of this task has been reported for humans, chimpanzees, monkeys, pigeons, and rats. Although students easily solve transitivity problems in a verbal format, they often have difficulty appreciating how nonhuman subjects might successfully solve these tasks. This article describes a classroom simulation modified from transitivity experiments with animals; its purpose is to familiarize students with the procedures and results from transitive inference studies with nonhuman subjects. Students enjoy this activity and report that it helped illustrate different perspectives of the transitive inference problem.
Influence of Asparaginase on a Combination Chemotherapy Protocol for Canine Multicentric Lymphoma

Combination chemotherapy is superior to single-agent chemotherapy for treating canine lymphoma, but the effect of each drug on efficacy remains unknown. By comparing 34 dogs treated with a modified cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone (COP) chemotherapy protocol and 42 dogs given asparaginase in the induction phase of the same protocol, the effect of asparaginase on the chemotherapeutic protocol was determined. Both groups were compared based on clinical response at 2 weeks and 6 weeks, and on the progression-free interval. Asparaginase did not significantly increase the likelihood of a clinical remission or prolong the initial progression-free interval in the dogs studied.
Rhinoplasty in Middle Eastern Patients

Rhinoplasty in patients of Middle Eastern origin requires complete understanding of nasal morphology and an individualized approach to create a racially congruent and aesthetically pleasing outcome. In this article, common anatomic features and characteristics and detailed steps, surgical techniques, and operative maneuvers that can lead to predictable outcome in rhinoplasty of Middle Eastern patients are discussed.
On the Problem of the Molecular Theory of Superconductivity

The electrodynamics and thermodynamics of the superconducting state entail quite definite consequences with regard to the stability character of the supercurrents. In contrast to a recent attempt of Heisenberg, superconductivity is characterized in the present paper not as a state of electronic lattice order in ordinary space, but rather as a kind of condensed state in momentum space which implies a long-range order of the momentum vector $p=mv+(\frac{e}{c})A$ in ordinary space as a consequence of the requirements of quantum kinematics. Indications are that it is most probably the exchange interaction associated with the Coulombian field which is responsible for this condensation in momentum space. Ferromagnetism and superconductivity thus would play the role of two opposite limiting cases of the same effect depending on whether the exchange interaction, competing with the zero-point energy, promotes parallel orientation of the electronic spins or a coordination of the translational momentum in a state of vanishing total spin.
Beatlemania! An Online Dispute Resolution Simulation

BeatleMania! is a simulation for studying and experiencing online dispute resolution. Two parties to an eBay transaction gone awry, regarding the sale of Beatles memorabilia, set out to resolve their differences with the assistance of a third party mediator.This simulation is structured to allow communication to be conducted though any online medium selected jointly by the parties and mediators. In other words, the storyline supports this mediation being conducted via email, videoconferencing or other media. teachers can instruct students regarding use of specific media, if they prefer to focus on a particular medium.
Local fluid transfer regulation in heart extracellular matrix

The interstitial myocardial matrix is a complex and dynamic structure that adapts to local fluctuations in pressure and actively contributes to the heart’s fluid exchange and hydration. However, classical physiologic models tend to treat it as a passive conduit for water and solute, perhaps because local interstitial regulatory mechanisms are not easily accessible to experiment in vivo. Here, we examined the interstitial contribution to the fluid-driving pressure ex vivo. Interstitial hydration potentials were determined from influx/efflux rates measured in explants from healthy and ischemia-reperfusion-injured pigs during colloid osmotic pressure titrations. Adaptive responses were further explored by isolating myocardial fibroblasts and measuring their contractile responses to water activity changes in vitro. Results show hydration potentials between 5 and 60 mmHg in healthy myocardia and shifts in excess of 200 mmHg in edematous myocardia after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Further, rates of fluid transfer were temperature-dependent, and in collagen gel contraction assays, myocardial fibroblasts tended to preserve the micro-environment’s hydration volume by slowing fluid efflux rates at pressures above 40 mmHg. Our studies quantify components of the fluid-driving forces in the heart interstitium that the classical Starling’s equation does not explicitly consider. Measured hydration potentials in healthy myocardia and shifts with edema are larger than predicted from the known values of hydrostatic and colloid osmotic interstitial fluid pressures. Together with fibroblast responses in vitro, they are consistent with regulatory mechanisms that add local biological controls to classic fluid-balance models.
Pan-cancer analysis for studying cancer stage using protein expression data

Pan-cancer analyses attempt to discover similar features among multiple cancers in order to identify fundamental patterns common to cancer development and progression. Pan-cancer analysis at the level of protein expression is particularly important because protein expression is more immediately related to patient phenotype than genomic or transcriptomic data. This study aims to analyze differentially expressed (DE) proteins between early and advanced cases of multiple cancer types through the usage of reverse-phase protein array data. The relevance of these proteins is further investigated by developing predictive models using K-nearest neighbor and linear discriminant analysis classifiers. The results of this study suggest that a pan-cancer analysis may be highly complementary to standard analysis of an individual cancer for identifying biologically relevant DE proteins, and can assist in developing effective predictive models for cancer progression.
Sources and transformations of organic matter in surface soils and sediments from a tidal estuary (North Inlet, South Carolina, USA)

Surface soil and sediment samples collected along a forest-brackish marsh-salt marsh transect in a southeastern U.S. estuary were separated into three different fractions (sand, macro-organic matter, and humus) based on size and density. Elemental, stable carbon isotope, and lignin analyses of these samples reveal important contrasts in the quantity, composition, and sources of organic matter, between forest and marsh sites. Elevated nitrogen contents in humus samples suggest nitrogen incorporation during humification is most extensive in forest soils relative to the marsh sites. The lignin compositions of the macro-organic and humus samples reflect the predominant type of vegetation at each site. Lignin phenol ratios indicate that woody and nonwoody litter from, gymnosperm and angiosperms trees (pines and oaks) is the major source of vascular plant-derived organic matter in the forest site and that angiosperm, grasses (Juncus andSpartina) are the major sources of lignin at the marsh sites. The phenol distributions also reveal that oxidative degradation of lignin is most extensive in the forest and brackish marsh zones whereas little lignin decay occurs in the salt marsh samples. In forest soils, most organic matter originates from highly altered forest vegetation while at the brackish marsh site organic matter is a mixture of degradedJuncus materials and microbial/algal remains. Organic matter in the salt marsh appears to be composed of a more complex mixture of sources, including degradedSpartina detritus as well as algal and microbial inputs. Microbial methane oxidation appears to be an important process and a source of13C depleted organic carbon in subsurface sediments at this site.
Three-Dimensional Measurements of Turbulent Jet Flames at kHz Rate Based on Tomographic Chemiluminescence

This paper describes an approach to obtain three-dimensional (3D) imaging measurements in turbulent flames at kHz rate based on tomographic chemiluminescence (TC). Such measurement capability has been long desired to resolve the inherent 3D spatial structures and temporal dynamics of turbulent flames. In this work, five high-speed cameras were employed to simultaneously record projection measurements of chemiluminescence emissions of turbulent jet flames from five different view angles 1 and 2 kHz. These projection measurements were then used as the inputs for a tomography inversion algorithm to yield the 3D instantaneous spatial structures of the flames in a measurement region of ~16×16×16 cm. To our knowledge, this paper represents the first demonstration of instantaneous 3D combustion imaging across a sizable measurement volume at kHz.
The Spermatophore as the Source of Sperm for Deutogynes of Aculus cornutus (Acari: Eriophyidae)

Deutogynes of Aculus cornutus (Banks) collected as nymphs from senescent peach leaves in autumn visited spermatophores when they were exposed to them soon after becoming adults. Subsequent examination of overwintering deutogynes collected from dormant peach trees revealed that each contained sperm in either the left or right spermatheca. Following hibernation in the absence of males, such deutogynes produced predominantly females.
The Present Situation and Development Strategy for Chongqing Rice Industry

This study analysed the present situation,superiority and restrictive factors of Chongqing rice industry after its direct jurisdiction from 1997 to 2008,and forecasted the rice demand of Chongqing city in future,putting forward some countermeasures on how to use the limited natural resources in the paddy field to realize the target of food basically self-support.
Incidence of Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia in the Transplant Population: A Large Retrospective Cohort, Single Transplant Centre Experience

Abstract 3320 Objective: Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), a prothrombotic complication of heparin therapy, can lead to serious thromboembolic events and cause significant morbidity and mortality. Its occurrence has never been studies in transplant patients, where use of heparin products is very common. We aim to study its prevalence in the transplant population at our institute. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort, single center study which looked into the clinical and laboratory database of all the patients that has undergone any kind of transplant at our institution over a period of 25 years (January 1985 - December 2010). In patients with clinical suspicious of HIT, a pre-test probability was calculated using the 4T scoring system. Results of the laboratory test like the ELISA HIT antibody (HIT ab) test and the functional serotonin release assay test (SRA) along with clinical manifestation of skin necrosis or thromboembolic events were reviewed. Results: Medical records of 2800 patients that has undergone transplant from January 1985- December 2010 were reviewed. HIT antibody assay was performed in 262 patients in which HIT was suspected. Of these, only 48 (18%) patients (mean age 57 ± 11 years, 71% women) had HIT ab positive, 9 were pre transplant recipient and remaining 39 were post transplant recipients. Baseline characteristics of the transplant population are illustrated in Table.1. Confirmatory test, SRA was performed in 8 HIT antibody positive patients, of whom only 4 were positive. The mean 4T score in HIT suspected patients was 3.7 ±1.3, while the score in HIT ab positive patients was 4.2 ± 1.2. Thrombotic complications were seen in 11(0.4%) patients, with the highest incidence rate of 1% in heart transplant recipients. No transplant patient had skin manifestations. Direct Thrombin inhibitor (DTI) was used only in 5 patients who had thrombotic events. No other complication or mortality was reported in any of the HIT ab positive transplant patients. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind that has shown very low incidence of HIT in transplant population. In conclusion, transplant patients can safely undergo any type of organ transplant, without having any peri or post operative complications or immediate mortality related to HIT. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
PLAYGROUND: preparing students for the cyber battleground

Attempting to educate practitioners of computer security can be difficult if for no other reason than the breadth of knowledge required today. The security profession includes widely diverse subfields including cryptography, network architectures, programming, programming languages, design, coding practices, software testing, pattern recognition, economic analysis, and even human psychology. While an individual may choose to specialize in one of these more narrow elements, there is a pressing need for practitioners that have a solid understanding of the unifying principles of the whole. We created the Playground network simulation tool and used it in the instruction of a network security course to graduate students. This tool was created for three specific purposes. First, it provides simulation sufficiently powerful to permit rigorous study of desired principles while simultaneously reducing or eliminating unnecessary and distracting complexities. Second, it permitted the students to rapidly prototype a ...
Understanding the Impacts of Limited Channel State Information on Massive MIMO Cellular Network Optimization

To support the multi-gigabit per second data rates of 5G wireless networks, there have been significant efforts on the research and development of massive MIMO (M-MIMO) technologies at the physical layer. So far, however, the understanding of how M-MIMO could affect the performance of network control, and optimization algorithms remain rather limited. In this paper, we focus on analyzing the performance of the queue-length-based joint congestion control and scheduling framework over M-MIMO cellular networks with limited channel state information (CSI). Our contributions in this paper are twofold. First, we characterize the scaling performance of the queue-lengths and show that there exists a phase transitioning phenomenon in the steady-state queue-length deviation with respect to the CSI quality (reflected in the number of bits $B$ that represent CSI). Next, we characterize the congestion control rate scaling performance and show that there also exists a phase transitioning phenomenon in steady-state congestion control rate deviation with respect to the CSI quality. Collectively, the findings in this paper advance our understanding of the tradeoffs between delay, throughput, and the accuracy/complexity of CSI acquisition in M-MIMO cellular network systems.
High sensitivity blood-based M-protein detection in sCR patients with multiple myeloma

We assessed the ability of a mass spectrometry-based technique, called monoclonal immunoglobulin rapid accurate mass measurement (miRAMM), to extend the analytical range of M-protein detection in serum samples obtained from myeloma patients in stringent complete response (sCR) post-autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). To aid the M-protein detection post ASCT, the accurate molecular mass of the M-protein light chain at diagnosis was determined in all patients (N=30) and used to positively identify clones in the sCR serum. Day 100 post-ASCT, sCR samples had miRAMM identifiable M-proteins in 81% of patients. Patients who had achieved only a partial remission (PR) pre-ASCT and those with IgG isotypes serum samples had the highest rate of M-protein detection by miRAMM. miRAMM positivity at single time points (day 100, 6 months or 12 months) did not correlate with progression-free survival (PFS). In contrast, sCR patients who did not decrease their miRAMM M-protein intensities in serial measurements had shorter PFS than those whose miRAMM intensities decreased (median 17.9 months vs 51.6 months; P<0.0017). miRAMM M-protein is a more sensitive blood-based test than traditional M-protein tests and could cost effectively aid in serially monitoring complete remission for continue response or biochemical relapse.
Regulation of Calcium Slow Channels in Cardiac Muscle and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Considerable attention during the past few years has been given to phosphorylation of ion channels as a means whereby the activity of the ion channels can be regulated. This article will cover the evidence that cyclic nucleotides regulate the Ca2+ influx into the myocardial cells during each cardiac cycle and into vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells. This regulation is presumable mediated by phosphorylation(s) of the Ca2+ slow channel protein and/or of associated regulatory protein(s). In myocardial cells, such phosphorylation (Fig. 1) presumably (a) increases the number of Ca2+ slow channels available for voltage activation during the action potential (AP); (b) increases the probability of their opening, and (c) increases their mean open time. A greater density of available Ca2+ channels increases Ca2+ influx and inward Ca2+ slow current (Isi) during the AP, and so increases the force of contraction of the heart. In some VSM cells, phosphorylation by cAMP-PK or cGMP-PK inhibits the Ca2+ slow channel activity and thereby produces vasodilation, whereas phosphorylation by PK-C stimulates the Ca2+ slow channel activity and produces vasoconstriction.
Critical Issues in the Administration of an Integrating Capstone Course )

This paper discusses an MIS Capstone course in a graduate information technology program. The course provides an environment that allows students to apply the information and skills that they have obtained in the program. Teams of students work with organizations and deal with actual IS issues in a real world environment. This paper describes elements of the course, the tasks required to ensure course completion, basic operation of the course, and problems encountered in its administration. As the course has run serious problems have been encountered which required effective resolution if the course was to serve its stated goals. In spite of these problems, the results certainly outweigh the problems encountered.
Effects of Exposure and Vowel Space Distribution on Phonetic Drift: Evidence from American English Learners of French.

Recent work by Chang has shown that even at the very earliest stages of second language (L2) acquisition, the phonetic implementation of speakers' native English phoneme categories is slightly modified by contact with L2 Korean, which is referred to as "phonetic drift." This study investigates whether rapid phonetic drift generalizes to another pairing of languages. We examined naive American English learners of French, who were recorded producing both American English and French vowels after one and six weeks of a study abroad program in Paris. In addition, the Study Abroad group is compared with proficient American English L1 speakers of French who have been residents of Paris for at least five years, to investigate the impact of long-term use of an L2 on the vowel categories of L1. Whereas the Study Abroad group showed no evidence of phonetic drift after six weeks, the Paris Residents' American English vowel space shifted along F1 and several English vowels demonstrated clear movement toward French monolingual norms. A closer look at the high vowels provides insight into how phonetic categories are influenced both by drift and by a pressure to keep vowel categories distinct between the languages. The results are also discussed with respect to potential effects of the size of the vowel inventory and the amount of input required to cause phonetic drift.
TRENDS IN UTILIZATION OF THERAPEUTIC HYPOTHERMIA AND OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS WITH IN-HOSPITAL CARDIAC ARREST: A 7-YEAR NATIONWIDE ANALYSIS

Evidence regarding the benefits of Therapeutic Hypothermia (TH) in patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) has been conflicting. In our study, we investigate trends in TH utilization and their outcomes in patients with IHCA. This is a retrospective analysis based on the 2007-2014 Nationwide
Instructional Design + Knowledge Components: A Systematic Method for Refining Instruction

This paper reports on a systematic method used to improve an existing unit of instruction. The method is distinctive in combining steps of instructional design with "knowledge components" from a cognitively-based framework of learning. Instructional design is used to develop assessment instruments that incorporate information about student misconceptions. The method uses the assessment instruments to evaluate student performance and learning gains, while statistical analysis evaluates the quality of the instruments themselves using measures of difficulty and discrimination. Fine-grain insight into possible improvements is enabled by the knowledge components implicated by the assessment. The method is illustrated and evaluated by applying it to a unit of instruction on collection-based iteration in a computational thinking class. Data gathered during this evaluation highlights a number of opportunities within the unit to refine the instruction.
Transcriptional Response of Staphylococcus aureus to Sunlight in Oxic and Anoxic Conditions

The transcriptional response of Staphylococcus aureus strain Newman to sunlight exposure was investigated under both oxic and anoxic conditions using RNA sequencing to gain insight into potential mechanisms of inactivation. S. aureus is a pathogenic bacterium detected at recreational beaches which can cause gastrointestinal illness and skin infections, and is of increasing public health concern. To investigate the S. aureus photostress response in oligotrophic seawater, S. aureus cultures were suspended in seawater microcosms and exposed to full spectrum simulated sunlight. Experiments were performed under oxic or anoxic conditions to gain insight into the effects of oxygen-mediated and non-oxygen-mediated inactivation mechanisms. Transcript abundance was measured after 6 hours of sunlight exposure using RNA sequencing and was compared to transcript abundance in paired dark control microcosms. Culturable S. aureus decayed following biphasic inactivation kinetics with initial decay rate constants of 0.1 and 0.03 m2kJ-1 in oxic and anoxic conditions, respectively. RNA sequencing revealed that 71 genes had different transcript abundance in the oxic sunlit microcosms compared to dark controls, and 18 genes had different transcript abundance in the anoxic sunlit microcosms compared to dark controls. The majority of genes showed reduced transcript abundance in the sunlit microcosms under both conditions. Three genes (ebpS, NWMN_0867, and NWMN_1608) were found to have the same transcriptional response to sunlight between both oxic and anoxic conditions. In the oxic condition, transcripts associated with porphyrin metabolism, nitrate metabolism, and membrane transport functions were increased in abundance during sunlight exposure. Results suggest that S. aureus responds differently to oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent photostress, and that endogenous photosensitizers play an important role during oxygen-dependent indirect photoinactivation.
Assessing Operator Psychological States and Performance in UAS Operations

Assessment for understanding, predicting, and improving human performance and system design is a key for human-computer interaction (HCI) research. Assessments can be behavioral, physiological, performance-based, and phenomenological. Assessments are important in a variety of domains, including unmanned vehicle operations, human-robot teaming, nuclear power plant operations, etc. This paper will discuss assessment approaches in the domain of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) operations to identify and quantify explanatory constructs, such as psychological states, workload, and performance. It will also discuss implications for evaluating improvements in human performance in UAS operations. Specifically, this paper will examine metrics that can be utilized to gauge the impact of demand factors on workload, task performance, operator dependence on automation, and stress response.
A General Model of Peace and Happiness

The increasing general stress level in both the industrialized and developing worlds has made personal harmony and peace a survival issue for the global community. To serve this need, models of how personal harmony can be achieved are derived from the bhagavadgItA. It is hoped that insights provided by these models would serve practitioners and clinicians and also stimulate research for further examination of their relevance to universal psychology.
Neural Underpinnings of Risk Handling, Developing Preference and Choosing

For centuries, the mind and heart were, respectively, used as metaphors for reason and emotions. Typically juxtaposed one against the other, they were meant to express the contrast between the methodical thinking and spontaneous emotions as guiding mechanisms for human behavior, including consumption. In the real life, both blend together to form a decisional mix. Even if people pride themselves for being rational and logical, they still cannot defuse the emotions (as in passing/failing the lie detector test).
Diagnosis and Management of Ocular Surface Disease

Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a prevalent condition both in the United States (USA) and worldwide, with symptoms that negatively impact the ability to work and function. The stepladder approach to evaluating DES includes eliciting a careful history to identify potential risk factors for disease, an external examination, and a careful slit-lamp examination looking for anatomical abnormalities. Furthermore, evaluation of the tear film is needed to determine whether there is aqueous and/or lipid deficiency. The treatment of DES involves a stepladder approach based on the areas of deficiency. Potential treatments include protecting the ocular surface, treating inflammation, and addressing lid disease, among other measures.
Rethinking Connecticut Probate

Connecticut’s probate system, long branded a national scandal, is already more efficient and effective than outdated memories and Internet archives might suggest. A series of meaningful reforms, including a complete restructuring and enactment of robust rules of practice, have gone a long way toward redressing critiques of the prior system. At the same time, there is room for more progress. In this essay, I suggested three main avenues for further reform. First, the legislature must develop a rational funding model for the courts, eliminating the poorly-named, reputation-killing, “probate fee.” Second, judges and their staffs should continue to strive for increased uniformity and predictability from case to case and jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Finally, the courts and the legislature should work together to continue to streamline the existing probate process and to embrace the concept of unsupervised probate —thereby allowing the parties in interest, rather than decedents and their estate planning lawyers, to determine whether, and to what extent, judicial oversight is required in the settlement of an estate.
Mapping the complex paracrine response to hormones in the human breast at single-cell resolution

The rise and fall of estrogen and progesterone across menstrual cycles and during pregnancy controls breast development and modifies breast cancer risk. How these hormones uniquely impact each cell type in the breast is not well understood, because many of their effects are indirect--only a fraction of cells express hormone receptors. Here, we use single-cell transcriptional analysis to reconstruct in silico trajectories of the response to cycling hormones in the human breast. We find that during the menstrual cycle, rising estrogen and progesterone levels drive two distinct paracrine signaling states in hormone-responsive cells. These paracrine signals trigger a cascade of secondary responses in other cell types, including an "involution" transcriptional signature, extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, and a switch between a pro- and anti-inflammatory immune microenvironment. We observe similar cell state changes in women using hormonal contraceptives. We additionally find that history of prior pregnancy alters epithelial composition, increasing the proportion of myoepithelial cells and decreasing the proportion of hormone-responsive cells. These results provide systems-level insight into the links between hormone cycling and breast cancer risk.
Size dependent optical performance of light trapping metallic electrodes

The optical performance of light-trapping embedded metal electrodes with widths varying from 100–1000nm was investigated. Up to 90% of visible light incident on the metal wire can be trapped, limited by diffraction and plasmon-mediated absorption.
Icephobic performance of superhydrophobic coatings: A numerical analysis

Abstract Understanding the mechanism of cloud-sized particles impact and freezing is crucial to find viable solutions to prevent ice accumulation on critical aerodynamic surfaces such as aircraft wing or nacelle. It has been reported that superhydrophobic surfaces (SHS) have promising anti-icing properties due to their excellent water-repellent characteristics. However, due to the complexity of the freezing phenomenon on superhydrophobic surfaces, the anti-icing performance of such surfaces has not been fully understood. A multi-region multiphase flow solver including phase change has been developed to model the icing of a micro-droplet as it impinges on a superhydrophobic substrate with a given thickness, texture, and solid material thermal properties. The Navier-Stokes equation expressing the flow distribution of the liquid and the gas, coupled with the volume of fluid (VOF) method for tracking the liquid-gas and liquid-solid interfaces, was solved numerically using the finite volume methodology. The superhydrophobic morphology is modeled through a series of micro-structured arrays with squared cross-sectional pillars. As such, the thermal contact resistance is inherently accounted by the inclusion of air pockets underneath the micro-droplet. Consequently, the direct effect of surface topology and thermal properties on droplet maximum spreading diameter, penetration to the surface asperities, contact time, and the freezing onset have been investigated. Finally, icephobicity of two similar SHSs with various thermal properties were compared.
The Black Panthers and the Vietnam War

The Vietnam War transformed many blacks from apolitical country bumpkins to sophisticated and politicized practitioners of social engineering. Even the city slickers, slick as they were, did not escape this transformation. The Vietnam War succeeded in fashioning thousands of black soldiers into a force that contributed to the expansion of the black freedom struggle, popularly called the civil rights movement, then increasingly identified as the black pride movement, and later known as the Black Power movement. Untold numbers of returning veterans offered their skills and dedication to what they saw as a necessary push toward black liberation. New Yorker Francisco Torres, who volunteered for the war and served in the elite 101st Airborne, explainedthat “[w]e went over there blind, with our eyes closed, but when we came back our eyes were opened.” Torres, who had once worked as a VISTA (Volunteers in Service to America) volunteer, began to re-examine his own political awareness during the war. Having participated in numerous firefights in the Central Highlands and at places like the infamous “Hamburger Hill,” he experienced a literal trial by fire and immediately joined the Black Panther Party upon his discharge from the Army.1
Genetic variants affecting bone mineral density and bone mineral content at multiple skeletal sites in Hispanic children.

Context Osteoporosis is a major public health burden with significant economic costs. However, the correlates of bone health in Hispanic children are understudied. Objective We aimed to identify genetic variants associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) at multiple skeletal sites in Hispanic children. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional genome-wide linkage analysis, genome-wide and exome-wide association analysis of BMD and BMC. The Viva La Familia Study is a family-based cohort with a total of 1030 Hispanic children (4-19 years old at baseline) conducted in Houston, TX. BMD and BMC were measured by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results Significant heritability were observed for BMC and BMD at multiple skeletal sites ranging between 44 and 68% (P 3). We found genome-wide significant association between BMC of right arm and rs762920 at PVALB (P = 4.6 × 10-8), and between pelvis BMD and rs7000615 at PTK2B (P = 7.4 × 10-8). Exome-wide association analysis revealed novel association of variants at MEGF10 and ABRAXAS2 with left arm and lumber spine BMC, respectively (P Conclusions We identified novel loci associated with BMC and BMD in Hispanic children, with strongest evidence for PTK2B. These findings provide better understanding of bone genetics and shed light on biological mechanisms underlying BMD and BMC variation.
Spatio-temporal characterization of thermal fluctuations in a non-turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection at steady state

Abstract In this paper we present a detailed description of the statistical and computational techniques that were employed to study a driven far-from-equilibrium steady-state Rayleigh–Benard system in the non-turbulent regime ( R a ≤ 3500 ). In our previous work on the Rayleigh–Benard convection system we try to answer two key open problems that are of great interest in contemporary physics: (i) how does an out-of-equilibrium steady-state differ from an equilibrium state and (ii) how do we explain the spontaneous emergence of stable structures and simultaneously interpret the physical notion of temperature when out-of-equilibrium. We believe that this paper will offer a useful repository of the technical details for a first principles study of similar kind. In addition, we are also hopeful that our work will spur considerable interest in the community which will lead to the development of more sophisticated and novel techniques to study far-from-equilibrium behavior.
Treatment of Adult Male Hormonal Disorders

Adult male hormonal disorders that urologists typically encounter mostly involve dysregulation or deficiencies of the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis. By far the most common condition encountered is that of testosterone deficiency, or low testosterone. Thus, treatment of male hormonal disorders in a urology clinic typically involves the replacement of testosterone after a patient has been diagnosed through symptom and laboratory evaluation. This chapter focuses on the treatment options available in the management of testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS), highlighting practical approaches to the treatment of TDS. Along with testosterone, the management of derangements in two other hormones that should be familiar to urologists, estradiol and prolactin, are also discussed.
Metaphor, Metamorphosis and Meaning: ‘All the Possibilities of Language’ in Difference and Repetition

In this paper I explore two distinct but related emphases in Deleuze's later philosophy, both on his own and in collaboration with Felix Guattari, having to do with literature. The first is the emp...
Novel overlay correction using inline alignment station (iAS) for scanner

Demand for on-product overlay (OPO) improvement is becoming increasingly crucial in semiconductor manufacturing. Alignment sampling plan is closely linked to OPO. However, alignment sampling plan is constrained by productivity. Inline Alignment Station (iAS) is the groundbreaking system which enable dense alignment without throughput impact. Remaining linear and high order grid of OPO can be corrected with iAS correction. iAS is a measurement tool placed inline with NSR and has its own measurement stage. Therefore, it is possible to measure dense sampling without throughput impact. However, matching two stages generally pose some difficulties. Chucking deformation of wafer is one of the challenging factors. We have overcome the problem by integrating new methods. In this paper, we introduce the detail of the method and show some actual results.
Mind Sets in Elementary School Mathematics.

that morning. Todd continues to leave the school building through the front door, even though his new classroom is located adjacent to another exit. For both of these children the thought process has been affected by a fixed mental image or idea called a mind set. The examples just cited depict mind set as a negative influence, a mental obstruction that prevents the problem solver from correctly perceiving or solving a problem. Mind set can be positive in effect implanting constructive rules such as a red light means stop, or don't push in line, might keep the mind from formulating forbidden actions.
"Sometimes You Get Married on Facebook": The Use of Social Media among Nonmetropolitan Sexual and Gender Minority Youth.

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth experience risks due to their stigmatized SGM identities; however, supportive resources and people can mitigate these risks. In nonmetropolitan areas, SGM-aff...
Hippocratic Paradox: Coevolution of Medical Ethics, Health Law, and Social Practice

This paper is motivated by the Hippocratic Paradox and associated difficult cases that have been heard by the U.S. Supreme Court. The Hippocratic Paradox refers to ethical dilemmas caused by confli...
Remarks on the Parabolic Equation Model for Waves in Random Media

One of the most important contributions of V.I. Tatarskii is the introduction and development of the parabolic equation model (PEM) for waves in random media (WRM). Most of the theories for WRM are based on perturbation methods that place stringent constraints on the magnitude of refractive index fluctuations. The PEM was hence introduced as a strong fluctuation theory. An important merit of the theory is that one can obtain closed equations for moments of wave functions of any order. This model is based on the following three assumptions: (a) wave propagation is predominant in one direction (negligible backscatter), (b) the refractive index fluctuations obey Gaussian statistics, and (c) the random medium is delta correlated along the direction of propagation. In spite of the restrictions imposed by these assumptions, PEM has been quite successful in numerous applications since 1970.