cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Performance of Electrically Small Conventional and Mechanical Antennas

Antennas that operate in the very low frequency (LF) band and below are useful for a number of applications, including long-distance and underwater communication. When constrained in size, the antennas are electrically small and very inefficient. This has motivated the need for novel approaches to LF antenna design. Here, we present concepts for antennas that generate electromagnetic signals from mechanical motion. We first review the generated fields and efficiency of conventional magnetic and electric dipole transmitters. This is then extended to their mechanical counterparts for comparison. Our results show that the motion of magnets or electrets (the electrical analog of a magnet) can efficiently radiate electromagnetic energy when coupled to a low-loss electromechanical suspension. Mechanical antennas, with spatial dimensions on the order of a meter, can theoretically exceed the performance of conventional short dipole and coil transmitters by more than eight orders of magnitude for frequencies of 1 kHz and below. This paper is intended to lay the foundation for future development involving the implementation of efficient, small form-factor, mechanically actuated antennas.
Glimpses of Resistance to Spanish (and Austrian) Rule: Reading I promessi sposi in a Transnational Frame*

In I promessi sposi, Manzoni provides, in his representations of Spanish relations of ruling, both glimpses of an economy that has begun to link to a world capitalist system and glimpses of resista...
The Timing of Acute Renal Failure Strongly Affects Survival of Immunoglobulin Light Chain (AL) Amyloidosis Patients Undergoing Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation

Abstract 4120 Introduction: Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains an effective treatment for immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis but its high treatment related mortality is a concern. The development of acute renal failure can strongly affect the survival of these patients. This study looks at the impact of the timing of dialysis initiation on the overall survival (OS). Methods: AL patients who underwent ASCT from 3/96 to 1/10 were selected. Patients were placed into 4 groups: I - never dialyzed, II - initiated dialysis prior to ASCT, III - dialysis began within 30 days of ASCT and IV - dialysis was started after 30 days of ASCT. Results: Four hundred and ten patients were selected for study and 75 (18.3%) received dialysis. Baseline characteristics are listed in Table 1. In univariate analysis, serum creatinine (Scr) and b-2 microglobulin (b2m) were associated with dialysis post-ASCT. Both became non-significant in the multivariate model suggesting they are co-dependent. Dialysis had a strong influence on survival, p Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Are Labor Market Institutions Countercyclical

The deregulatory perspective on labor market institutions argues that such institutions push up wage and employment costs while discouraging hiring and job seeking. In contrast, an institutionalist...
Radioactivity of Li 8

The continuous distribution of alpha-particles observed in conjunction with the beta-decay of ${\mathrm{Li}}^{8}$ is examined theoretically from the Fermi theory of beta-decay. It has previously been noted that the Konopinski-Uhlenbeck theory does not give the distribution correctly. An approximate form of the Fermi theory suffices to account for the general form of the distribution. Calculations are presented for $L=0$ and $L=2$, with several values of the nuclear radius. An abnormally small value of Fermi's constant $g$ is found for the beta-decay process, which classes the process as improbable. The consequences of a stable ground state for ${\mathrm{Be}}^{8}$ are discussed.
Water and Sustainability

The last chapter of the book examines the contemporary issues of sustainability, both resource sustainability, in which water place a central role, and the sustainability of communities and their social relationship, that, again, depend on access to clear and ample water supplies. One of the critical issues implicated in conversations about water is improving the efficiency of water use in agriculture, by far the single largest consuming sector. At the same time, global organizations have adopted sustainable water practices in all sectors as a central focus of international cooperation. One of the readings explores Australia as a case study of the broad impacts of climate change that include changes in rainfall patterns. And finally, the last reading takes a comprehensive look at our understanding of climate dynamics in Africa, as well as the potential consequences of climate change on the continent.
Comparison of Clinical and Toxicity Outcomes of Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas Treated With Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy vs. Proton Radiotherapy.

Purpose/Objective(s) Adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC) are indolent malignancies with a predilection for perineural invasion (PNI), often requiring complex multimodal care. This study compares clinical and toxicity outcomes in patients treated with either intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or proton therapy (IMPT). Materials/Methods 48 ACC patients treated with definitive or adjuvant RT from 2013-2020 at a single institution were included in this IRB approved analysis. Acute and chronic toxicity (CTCAE 4) was prospectively recorded weekly through treatment and at each follow-up appointment. Multivariate, bivariate, and Kaplan Meier analyses were utilized. Results IMRT (N = 25) and IMPT (N = 23) groups were matched for gender (44 vs 52% F), age (56 vs 53 yr), primary site presentation (56 vs 57% major salivary glands), AJCC stage (8 vs 13% (I), 24 vs 22% (II), 32 vs 22% (III), and 36 vs 43% (IV)), and treatment intent (84 vs 78% adjuvant). Median follow-up was 43.7 mo (IMRT) and 23.8 mo (IMPT). IMPT use tended to favor primary site location including and superior to the palate (56% vs 24%) while IMRT use tended to favor locations below the palate (60% vs 22%). There was no difference in treatment modality selection for a lateral primary site location (22% IMPT vs 16% IMRT), most of which were parotid (N = 8/9). 44% of IMRT patients received RT to cervical lymph nodes in comparison to only 13% with IMPT (P = 0.03). Patients treated with IMPT tended to have a higher overall dose (median 6 vs 6.6 Gy; P = 0.01). Clinical outcomes at last follow-up were similar between the 2 cohorts: locoregional control (88% IMRT vs 91% PT); metastasis-free (72% IMRT vs 91% IMPT) and overall survival (96% IMRT vs 94% IMPT at 2 years). No difference was observed in acute or chronic grade 2 (G2; 88 vs 87% acute, 39 vs 33% chronic) or grade 3 (G3; 20 vs 22% acute, 17 vs 14% chronic) toxicity profiles. Acute toxicities included pain, mucositis, fatigue, and dermatitis, while chronic toxicities were xerostomia, dysphagia, pain, and dysgeusia. There were no reports of symptomatic neurological toxicities including neuropathy and encephalopathy. Reports of ≥2 acute G2 toxicity were associated with histological evidence of PNI (OR = 27, P = 0.001), while ≥2 chronic G2 toxicities were associated with clinical evidence of PNI and positive margins (OR = 10.1, P = 0.007; OR = 11, P = 0.03). Factors that were assessed and found not to be associated with toxicity profiles included stage, LN radiation, cranial nerve tracking, lymphovascular invasion, tumor volume and location. Conclusion Patients treated with both IMRT and IMPT appear to have acceptable clinical outcomes and toxicity profiles. IMPT selection in this series appeared to favor subsites near the base of skull and higher dose yet resulted in similar toxicity profiles as those patients treated with IMRT. Longer follow up is needed.
The impact of heterogeneous bandwidth constraints on DHT-Based multicast protocols

In this paper, we consider support for bandwidth-demanding applications such as video broadcasting using DHTs. Our investigations focus on the impact of heterogeneity in the outgoing bandwidth capabilities of nodes on Scribe, a representative and relatively mature DHT-based multicast protocol. We expose important issues that arise due to the mismatch between the ID space that underlies the DHT and the outgoing bandwidth constraints on nodes.
Analytic Derivative Methods in Molecular Electronic Structure Theory: A New Dimension to Quantum Chemistry and its Applications to Spectroscopy

During the last four decades, there have been many developments in the field of ab initio variational and nonvariational correlated wavefunctions, including nonvariational (yet size extensive) many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) and coupled-cluster (CC) methods. For these methods to be useful in solving problems in chemistry, analytical derivatives of total energies are almost always required. In this article, we first describe the analytic derivative methods for variational wavefunctions, namely, closed-shell self-consistent field (CLSCF), general restricted open-shell SCF (GRSCF), configuration interaction (CI), and general multiconfiguration SCF (MCSCF). Then we describe the more recent developments in analytic derivative methods, including those for the MBPT and CC wavefunctions. Keywords: ab initio; electronic structure theory; variational wavefunctions; MBPT models; coupled cluster models; analytic derivatives; CPHF equations; CPCI equations; CPMCHF equations
The economics of energy conservation policies: A study of US primary copper production

Abstract US oil and gas price regulation has made energy-saving investments less attractive than they otherwise might have been. The question thus arises: at what energy prices will conservation be attractive? This microeconomic study aims at answering this question for US primary copper firms. The costs and benefits of three major potential energy conserving processes are estimated. A profit-maximizing computer model is then used to simulate the behaviour of three leading US copper producers and their rates of adoption of the conservation measures. The costs associated with energy savings are calculated and the energy price changes necessary for the adoption of the measures are considered. It is concluded that, assuming 1974 prices for non-energy factors, energy prices need to be 110% greater than 1974 levels before energy-saving investment becomes attractive.
Corporate Survival and Managerial Experiences During the Great Depression

We study corporate performance during and after the Great Depression for all industrial firms on the NYSE. Our first goal is to identify the factors that contribute to business insolvency and valuation during the period 1928 to 1938. To this end, we examine factors such as debt policy, credit-worthiness, corporate governance, and investment. Our second goal is to determine whether experiences during the Depression had a lasting effect on corporate decisions in the 1940s. We find that firms with more debt and lower bond ratings in 1928 had a greater probability of becoming financially distressed during the Great Depression. The value loss associated with high leverage for 'value' firms is very significant, while the effect for 'growth' firms is small. The probability of encountering distress during the Depression is also related to operating profits and firm size in the year prior to the occurrence of distress. We also find that companies with large boards, and boards dominated by insiders, are less likely to survive the Depression. Finally, we find that the Depression experience appears to have affected the preference to use debt, even after the economic environment improved: Firms that were highly levered during the Depression use relatively little debt in the 1940s. Moreover, this behavior appears to be individual - specific because the use of debt increases in the 1940s at companies for which the Depression-era company president retires or otherwise leaves the firm.
The Elementary epistemic arithmetic of the law II: the inadequate resources of moral theory for dealing with the criminal law

In this lecture, I identify two key areas of the theory of crime and punishment that are demonstrably not derivable from deontological or retributive moral theory. In the first section, I will show that deontological moral theories are helpless when faced with the challenge of either justifying or deriving a standard of proof for criminal trials. In the second section, I will show that existing moral theories of punishment (especially Retributivism) in fact are nothing of the sort, in that they lack the resources to justify or derive a schedule of punishments or even a nonarbitrary definition of the just deserts for any given crime. Put differently, while Deontic theories stress the importance of convicted defendants receiving their just deserts, they have no machinery for figuring out what the just deserts are for any given crime. This pair of arguments is an ambitious agenda so let me turn to it straightaway
Fifty years of progress in quartz crystal frequency standards

The progression of developments in crystal frequency standards is traced through the last half century. The paper emphasizes the underlying technical changes and innovations that have driven the remarkable progress, while keeping in mind the contribution of the great body of information that was already available at the beginning of the period. The paper gives a treatment of the progress of ovenized crystal frequency standards from the early vacuum tube days through implementations using transistors, LSI, and hybrid construction. The progression of TCXO developments is also covered including analog thermistor temperature compensation, digital compensation, and techniques using micro-computers, and self-sensed oscillators.
On the threshold behavior of the negative to positive ratio in pion photoproduction

It is shown that the extrapolation used by Beneventanoet al. to obtain the negative to positive ratio at threshold is very sensitive to small alterations which can be made due to the approximate nature of the procedure. Such small alterations bring about very substantial changes in the energy dependence of the ratio near threshold and hence the extrapolation is quite ambiguous in the absence of extensive experimental data on the ratio in this energy region. Since such extensive set of data does not exist at the present time, it is concluded that there is no good reason to believe that the ratio at threshold is in disagreement with the theoretical predictions.
A novel application of thermo-responsive polymer to affinity precipitation of polysaccharide.

Abstract The lectin receptors concanavalin A (ConA) and wheat germ lectin (WGL) were successfully conjugated to a thermo-responsive hydrogel polymer (poly-N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) as an affinity ligand. The coupling efficiencies of the ConA and WGL to PNIPAAm were 5.1% and 44%, respectively. These lectin receptor–polymer conjugates were then tested for their efficiency in purification of various polysaccharides or polysaccharide-containing compounds such as β-glucan. Results indicated that these conjugates separated various polysaccharides from a complex mixture. The use of a thermo-responsive polymer in low-temperature purification of potentially heat-labile glycoproteins is advantageous. Additionally, other affinity ligands could be coupled to the polymer for separation of the respective bioactive molecules.
Triton's atmosphere - A source of N and H for Neptune's magnetosphere

Mass loading of the Neptunian magnetosphere occurs primarily by thermal escape of H, H2, and N from Triton's upper atmosphere. The global escape rate of hydrogen is about 7 x 10 exp 25/s, determined by the global average methane photolysis rate, whereas the escape rate of nitrogen for the present preferred model is about 3.4 x 10 exp 25/s, and is controlled by the global and orbital average energy deposition rate due to precipitating magnetospheric electrons. The escape rate of H(+) and N(+) is less than 4 percent of the neutral escape rate and implies that mass loading of the Neptunian magnetosphere is not localized to Triton's corona. The ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen escape rates for the present preferred model is about 2:1, comparable to the H(+)/N(+) abundance ratio inferred for Neptune's magnetosphere.
Genetically obese MMTV-TGF-α/Lepob Lepob female mice do not develop mammary tumors

Elevated body weight is a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer and is associated with increased incidence of spontaneous and chemically induced mammary tumors (MTs) in rodents. In this study, genetically obese Lep(ob)Lep(ob) female mice that overexpress human TGF-alpha (transforming growth factor-alpha) were used to assess the role of body weight on oncogene-induced MT development in comparison to lean counterparts. MMTV (mouse mammary tumor virus)-TGF-alpha and Lep strain mice were crossed to produce TGF-alpha/Lep(+)Lep(+) (homozygous lean), TGF-alpha/Lep(+)Lep(ob) (heterozygous lean) and TGF-alpha/Lep(ob)Lep(ob) (homozygous obese) genotypes. Body weights were determined weekly and mice palpated for the presence of MTs until 104 weeks of age. Despite their significantly higher body weight, obese TGF-alpha/Lep(ob)Lep(ob) mice failed to develop MTs. MTs were detected between 48 and 104 weeks of age for 26/39 TGF-alpha/Lep(+)Lep(ob) mice and for 19/38 TGF-alpha/Lep(+)Lep(+) mice between 67 and 104 weeks of age. Although MT incidence was not statistically different between the lean groups, age of MT detection tended to be younger for TGF-alpha/Lep(+)Lep(ob) mice (p < 0.09). There were significant effects of both genotype and MTs on final body weight, that is, TGF-alpha/Lep(+)Lep(ob) mice weighed more than homozygous lean mice, and mice with MTs weighed more than those without MTs. TGF-alpha/Lep(ob)Lep(ob) mice are not a good model to evaluate the effect of body weight on MT development possibly due to leptin deficiency. However, the finding that increased body weight is associated with increased oncogene-induced MT development within the normal weight range provides experimental support for the role of body weight in breast cancer.
The amount of fat in the blood after a meal as estimated by counting the chylomicrons

1. The method described by Elkes, Frazer and Stewart for the study of-the absorption of fat has been redescribed. 2. The normal values given by them have been confirmed. 3. Suggestive evidence is offered that further study may reveal abnormalities of the absorption of fat in certain diseases.
Wettability of perfluorocarbon polymer films: Effect of roughness

The wettability of various perfluorocarbon polymer surfaces has been studied by observing the advancing and receding contact angles formed by a drop of liquid on the surface. Differences in hysteresis can be given a reasonable interpretation in terms of surface topography. The variation in roughness changes the advancing contact angle by as much as 30° and the advancing-receding hysteresis varies from 13–59°. It is suggested that the receding angle is probably the more important in adhesion of ice where drops are blown across the surface at glancing angles and, therefore, exceedingly smooth perfluorocarbon polymer surfaces may be better than rougher surfaces for this application. No significant difference was observed between the two polymer structures, polytetrafluoroethylene and the copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene.
2MD, a new anabolic agent for osteoporosis treatment.

2-Methylene-19-nor-(20S)-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (2MD) is a new analog of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) that has unique properties (distinct from 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) in stimulating osteoblasts to form bone in culture. This analog has now been extensively tested in aged ovariectomized female rats maintained on a diet adequate in calcium and phosphorus. Retired female rats obtained from Sprague–Dawley were ovariectomized, and were either dosed with vehicle or 2MD at 5–7 ng/kg body weight each day. A marked increase in total bone mass resulted during the 28-week study. This increase in bone mass resulted from an increase in both cortical and trabecular bone, with increases to the order of 25% in the cancellous bone. Histomorphometry revealed that 2MD increased bone mass primarily by increasing bone formation. It also revealed little or no effect on bone resorption. The resulting bone is of high quality revealed by histology and biomechanical testing. Throughout the study, serum calcium remained within the normal range and thus 2MD shows great promise for the treatment of bone diseases characterized by bone loss, including osteoporosis.
Digital spectral separation methods and systems for bioluminescence imaging.

We propose a digital spectral separation (DSS) system and methods to extract spectral information optimally from a weak multispectral signal such as in the bioluminescent imaging (BLI) studies. This system utilizes our newly invented spatially-translated spectral-image mixer (SSM), which consists of dichroic beam splitters, a mirror, and a DSS algorithm. The DSS approach overcomes the shortcomings of the data acquisition scheme used for the current BLI systems. Primarily, using our DSS scheme, spectral information will not be filtered out. Accordingly, truly parallel multi-spectral multi-view acquisition is enabled for the first time to minimize experimental time and optimize data quality. This approach also permits recovery of the bioluminescent signal time course, which is useful to study the kinetics of multiple bioluminescent probes using multi-spectral bioluminescence tomography (MSBT).
Mechanisms of Cache Retrieval in the Group Nesting Southern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys volans)

We examined the proximate mechanisms of cache retrieval in the group-living, southern flying squirrel, Glaucomys volans, through a series of behavioral experiments conducted in a large indoor arena. The effectiveness of several retrieval mechanisms was determined including spatial memory, olfaction, random searching and a heuristic under different environmental conditions. Our goal was to elucidate the hoarding strategy of individuals in a nest group and to address whether food storing individuals possess a retrieval advantage over pilfering nestmates. A storer's retrieval advantage is necessary for scatter hoarding to be an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) within aggregations of unrelated individuals. Our previous work has shown that, G. volans lives in such groups, and consequently it was important to address the storer's retrieval advantage under a range of environmental conditions. Initially in our baseline experiment, we developed methods to eliminate olfactory-based retrieval and to control for random searching. Subsequently, we experimentally determined the effectiveness of cache retrieval via spatial memory, a heuristic and olfaction. We examined the mechanisms of cache retrieval in three additional experiments using two independent subject populations and found that under dry, odorless conditions spatial memory was the most effective retrieval mechanism in support of a storer's retrieval advantage. In a fifth experiment we examined cache retrieval under wet environmental conditions and showed that olfactory-based retrieval was effective and the storer's advantage was reduced. We interpret these laboratory results based on considerations of natural environmental conditions and game theory. We propose a conditional ESS strategy where animals store and retrieve their own caches as the primary food hoarding tactic and opportunistically pilfer caches as a secondary tactic.
Temporary placement of covered self-expandable metallic stents in patients with biliary leak: midterm evaluation of a pilot study

Background Management of biliary leaks includes ERCP and stent placement. The ability to temporarily place a partially covered self-expandable metallic stent (CSEMS) might offer an advantage in the treatment of biliary leaks. Objective We analyzed our 2 years' experience when using this innovative technique. Design Patients in whom a previous ERCP had failed to resolve a bile leak or patients with severe comorbidities were offered CSEMS and were followed prospectively for clinical and radiologic responses. Setting Tertiary-care center with long-standing experience of using CSEMS. Patients A total of 16 patients were included. Of these, 7 had previously undergone unsuccessful plastic stent placement, 3 had previously failed ERCP, and 7 had severe comorbidities that prevented multiple interventions. Intervention ERCP with placement of a CSEMS covering the cystic duct take-off in the case of a cystic-stump leak. CSEMS were removed after resolution of the leak. Main Outcome Measurements Efficacy and safety of the CSEMS in bile leaks; complications were also evaluated. Results Of the patients studied, 15 responded to CSEMS placement with complete resolution of the leak on imaging. One patient with partial cholecystectomy relapsed and underwent drainage; another patient responded to the treatment but required revision because of migration. CSEMS were left in place for a median time of 3 months (range, 1-17 months). Complications included 1 proximal and 1 distal migration. Limitations Pilot study from a single center. Conclusions CSEMS is an excellent option in this subgroup of patients not responding to plastic stent placement or with severe comorbidities.
Free radical damage, iron, and Alzheimer's disease

We present evidence to support the premise that many of the pathological correlates of Alzheimer's disease are precipitated by free radical- and oxidative stress-induced mechanisms. We propose that amyloid-beta deposition in senile plaques, intracellular accumulation of protein in neurofibrillary tangles, and the degeneration of specific neuronal populations can be attributed to specific oxidative stress-type mechanisms. Free radicals in disease pathogenesis, generated in part as a result of Fenton-type reactions, suggest that lowering the level of available iron, intervention with antioxidants, or the administration of free radical scavengers could provide a therapeutic inroad in the fight against Alzheimer's disease.
Observation of doubly dressed states in cold atoms

We report an experimental observation of doubly dressed states in ${}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ atoms cooled and confined in a magneto-optical trap. The doubly dressed states are produced by a strong-coupling laser and a moderate pump laser in a three-level atomic configuration. The absorption spectrum of a weak probe laser reveals a three-peaked spectral profile that can be interpreted by a dressed-state picture and agrees well with calculations based on the density-matrix equations.
Event-related potentials to auditory and visual selective attention in schizophrenia.

Abstract Background Prior studies have shown a consistent reduction of the auditory P300 in schizophrenia, while the visual attention findings have been mixed. Both the auditory and visual N2b, an earlier, modality-specific attention index, are reduced in schizophrenia, sometimes despite sparing of the visual P300. Thus there may be a dissociation between the N2b and P300 attention effects in auditory and visual modalities in schizophrenia. Methods Thirteen patients and thirteen controls observed symbols appearing on a screen, paired with simultaneous tones. In some blocks subjects responded to one of the symbols, in others to one of the tones. The N2b was predicted to be reduced in the patient group in both auditory and visual attention but the P300 reduced only while attending to tones. Results Results showed a reduction of the N1 component in the patient group in the auditory condition but not in the visual. There was a reduction of the N2b target-minus-non-target difference wave in the patients in both auditory and visual target conditions. The P300 component was larger overall in the control group in both modalities, but did not show the usual enhancement to auditory targets in the control group. Conclusions These findings suggest that the ability to selectively attend to a target in one modality while ignoring the other is compromised in patients with schizophrenia. Perceptual processing appears to be impacted in the auditory modality while remaining intact in the visual. The N2b appears more vulnerable than the P300 in both auditory and visual attention in schizophrenia.
Cyclic variations in protein, dna and ribosomal rna synthesis in 6c3hed lymphoma cell cultures due to essential amino acid depletion.

Abstract Suspension cultures of 6C3HED lymphoma cells growing at concentrations between 3·106 and 5·106 per ml develop gross changes in nucleic acid and protein synthesis within 24 h of dilution of the culture with an equal volume of fresh medium. The effect was shown to be due to depletion of one or more of the essential amino acids by the cells as they double in number. Unlike bacteria in “step-down” culture, DNA synthesis is most affected; its rate of synthesis in each cell in S phase declines and there is some retardation of initiation of S. Of only slightly less magnitude is the selective decline in the transcription of rRNA. The maturation of precursor rRNA also is retarded. A much smaller fall in the rate of synthesis of DNA-like RNA, tRNA and 5-S RNA may be due to alterations in the handling by the cells of the exogenous nucleosides used for tracer analysis (pool effects). Following replenishment of the essential amino acids in the medium all these effects are rapidly reversed. There is a rapid increase in protein synthesis followed by an increase in the rate of DNA synthesis, which is greater in magnitude than the concurrent increase in rRNA transcription. There is an increase in the rate of initiation of DNA synthesis. Also there is an acceleration in the processing of rRNA precursors to the mature rRNA components. Despite little evidence of change in the rate of synthesis of DNA-like RNA as a whole, some subtle alterations within this fraction were revealed by methylated bovine serum albumin kieselguhr chromatography. The correlation between the changes in rate of transcription and the maturation of rRNA which accompany changes in the rate of protein synthesis induced by amino acid deficiency or cycloheximide in these cells, and in other mammalian cells suggests that the process of maturation of rRNA may provide a mechanism to modulate the rate of supply of ribosomes to the cell which is dependent on the rate of protein synthesis.
FOB Mill Pricing and Plant Location when Demand is Linear but Non-uniform

This paper examines the impact of non-uniform linear demand on plant location under FOB mill pricing. It shows that the principle of median location and the Rydell principle fail to apply, and some well-established results in plant location theory no longer hold when demand is linear but non-uniform.
Radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunoassay of antibodies to the core protein (P24) of human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV III)

Abstract Human T-cell lymphotropic viruses designated HTLV III or LAV are considered to represent the causative agent(s) of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Individuals who have been infected with these viruses may generally be identified on the basis of a positive serological test for antibodies against the protein components of these viruses. Purified viruses or viral proteins have been utilized for developing such tests. Since AIDS may be transmitted by blood transfusion and by blood products, screening of donors for antibodies to HTLV III/LAV has become a necessity. Such screening may be facilitated by the application of assays based on the use of crude virus-infected tissue culture media avoiding elaborate, expensive and potentially hazardous virus purification steps. Serum specimens were mixed with an appropriate dilution of an HTLV III-infected tissue culture-derived fraction, obtained by precipitation with polyethylene glycol 6000 and treatment with Tween 80 and tri-n-butylphosphate (to disrupt virus particles), and incubated with polystyrene beads coated with antibodies to HTLV III/LAV (anti-HTLV III). Subsequently, washed beads were incubated with either 125I- or beta-lactamase-labeled anti-HTLV III. The radioactivity or enzymatic activity associated with the beads was proportionate to the quantity of HTLV III antigen originally added to the beads. The presence of anti-HTLV III in serum specimens resulted in decreased antigen binding and thus in decreased radioactivity or diminished beta-lactamase activity associated with the beads. The test was specific for antibodies to the ≈ 24 kDa core protein of HTLV III. The prevalence of these antibodies (given in parentheses) in distinct populations was as follows: random blood donors (0.33%); hemophiliacs (36.4%); random homosexual males (25.1%); homosexual males preselected on the basis of positive markers for infection with hepatitis B virus (50%); and those with persistent lymphadenopathy (70%).
Hybridization reduction of the magnetization for N-doped FeCo superlattices

In search of a soft magnetic material exhibiting high magnetization, we investigated the magnetic and structural properties of an (Fe3Co)4Nm superlattice (SL) with (m=2) and without (m=0) N doping via first principles full-potential linearized augmented plane wave calculations in order to examine the possible magnetic enhancement by (i) N addition (which has drawn considerable attention since the first report (in 1972) of a giant magnetic moment for quasistable α″-Fe16N2) and (ii) the lowered dimensionality of the SL. The structural optimization was fully accomplished by total energy and atomic force calculations within the generalized-gradient approximation. Despite the lattice expansion by 9% due to the N insertion, the magnetization of (Fe3Co)4N2 was found to be reduced from the value of the Fe3Co superlattice by the strong hybridization of N with Fe and Co.
Preparation of mixtures of humidified air with CO, SO2, NO2, NH3, NH2CH3, Cl2, and HCl to measure respirator cartridge and canister service life.

Four systems have been fabricated to measure the effective service life of respirator cartridges and canisters;. The four systems employ carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide/nitrogen dioxide, ammonia/methylamine, and chlorine/hydrogen chloride as contaminants. Each system produces test concentrations in the low percentage range (typically 0.05 to 3.0%) at flow rates of 32 and 64 liters/min and at relative humidities between 20 and 95%. Suitable anlyzers have been provided to measure the downstream concentration from 1 to 500 ppm as a function of time. Holders have been designed to accommodate the wide size variation of commercially available cartridges and canisters.
Radiographic Parameters of Increased Carpal Tunnel Pressure With Progressive Wrist Distraction: A Cadaveric Study

Purpose Increased carpal canal pressure associated with external fixation has been noted as a potential source of complications but no correlated clinical observation has been identified. We hypothesized that there would be a significant change in midcarpal distance and modified carpal height index with increasing distraction across the wrist joint and that these changes would correlate with pressure increases. Methods Thirteen cadaveric upper extremities were mounted vertically using 2 half pins in the midradius. Using a previously reported technique, we introduced a balloon-tipped catheter attached to a transducer into the carpal canal for pressure measurement. As weights were hung from the middle finger to create distraction across the carpus, pressure measurements and radiographs of the wrist were taken simultaneously. This sequence was performed for 4.50 kg of distraction in 0.45-kg increments and at 6.80 and 9.07 kg of distraction with the wrist in neutral position. Changes in midcarpal distance and modified carpal height index were calculated and comparisons were made with the Student t test. A 2-tailed Pearson correlation was used to determine whether there was a correlation between carpal canal pressure and radiographic indicators. Significance was set at p ≤ .05. Results A statistically significant increase in carpal canal pressure above baseline occurred at a load of 1.81 kg. The increase in the midcarpal space and modified carpal height index became significant at a load of 1.81 kg. The change in pressure and the changes in radiographic indicators correlated significantly (p Conclusions This preliminary cadaveric study found a small but significant increase in modified carpal height index with wrist distraction that correlated with increased carpal canal pressure. Further biomechanical and clinical studies are needed to determine recommended parameters for change in modified carpal height index with wrist distraction clinically.
The nationalization of corrections policy in the American states

A number of commentators have pointed to the influence of the national government, especially attempts by federal courts to reform state prisons, as increasing the uniformity of corrections policy across the American states. In an effort to put this assertion to a partial test, this article examines the nationalization of state corrections expenditures between 1945 and 1992. Based on aggregate, secondary data for the 48 contiguous states, an analysis of relative cross-sectional spending differences over time is conducted. Evidence of declining differences in state expenditures is detected, particularly during the last few decades. The paper concludes with a discussion of possible causes of the nationalization of state corrections policy and offers suggestions for future research.
Ocular rosacea: an update on pathogenesis and therapy.

Purpose of reviewOcular rosacea is a common and potentially blinding eye disorder with an uncertain etiology. Therapies currently in vogue for ocular rosacea have not been rigorously studied with regards to specific indications, optimal dosing regimens, or treatment efficacy. This review will summar
Quality of Grandparent-Grandchild Relationship in Asian-Indian Immigrant Families

A sample of 112 Asian-Indian Immigrant grandchildren, age 10-16 years, from different parts of the United States completed survey questionnaires regarding the quality of relationship with their grandparents in India. The study explored the factors that affected the quality of relationship between two different generations living at considerable geographical distance and in different cultures. Findings indicated that role importance, amount of contact, and health of the grandparent uniquely contributed to the relationship quality. Results also indicated acculturation was not a significant predictor of relationship quality, although it was a significant predictor of role importance. Limitations to the study relative to acculturation scores and sampling are discussed and further research should address these limitations and the grandparent-parent relationship. Implications include adopting a tri-generational perspective in future studies and practice.
Dynamic Stability and Spacing Modulation of Sub-25 nm Fly Height Sliders

Designing a reliable sub-25 nm spacing head/disk interface for today’s magnetic hard disk drives demands a greater dynamic stability and a smaller spacing modulation. An air bearing dynamic simulator with multiple features is developed to investigate the dynamic characteristics of three shaped-rail negative pressure sub-25 nm fly height sliders. Various simulations including air bearing stiffness, impulse response, surface roughness induced spacing modulation, bump response, and track seeking dynamics are performed. The results indicate that the roughness induced spacing modulation decreases with the increase of the air bearing stiffness and the decrease of the slider size. The suspension dynamics is integrated into the air bearing dynamics simulation for the track accessing motion by modal analysis. It is concluded that the fly height modulation during a track accessing event is attributed to many factors such as the effective skew angle, the seeking velocity, and the roll motion caused by the inertia of the moving head. The extent of the roll motion effect depends on the air bearing roll stiffness and the level of the inertia force of the moving head. Larger roll stiffness and smaller inertia force produce a smoother track accessing performance.
A group treatment program combined with a work project on the geriatric unit of a state hospital.

: This report concerns the accomplishments of a “buddy” system whereby 33 psychiatric inpatients worked with the patients on a Geriatric Unit of a state hospital. The effort seemed worthwhile because it resulted in better care for the elderly and improvement in staff morale. The best workers were middle-aged neurotic females. All the workers preferred tasks that did not involve interpersonal relationships with the old people. The program was a catalyst for group therapy and provided clues for the problems of human maturation and for the training of those who work with the elderly.
Quantization on the light-cone lattice

Abstract Field theories are regularized by discretization of the light-cone coordinates. As an example, the quantization of the scalar field is carried in detail, and the application to Monte-Carlo computations is discussed.
Electronic imaging impact on image and report turnaround times

We prospectively compared image and report delivery times in our Urgent Care Center (UCC) during a film-based practice (1995) and after complete implementation of an electronic imaging practice in 1997. Before switching to a totally electronic and filmless practice, multiple time periods were consistently measured during a 1-week period in May 1995 and then again in a similar week in May 1997 after implementation of electronic imaging. All practice patterns were the same except for a film-based practice in 1995 versus a filmless practice in 1997. The following times were measured: (1) waiting room time, (2) technologist’s time of examination, (3) time to quality control, (4) radiology interpretation times, (5) radiology image and report delivery time, (6) total radiology turn-around time, (7) time to room the patient back in the UCC, and (8) time until the ordering physician views the film. Waiting room time was longer in 1997 (average time, 26∶47) versus 1995 (average time, 15∶54). The technologist’s examination completion time was approximately the same (1995 average time, 06∶12; 1997 average time, 05∶41). There was also a slight increase in the time of the technologist’s electronic verification or quality control in 1997 (average time, 7∶17) versus the film-based practice in 1995 (average time, 2∶35). However, radiology interpretation times dramatically improved (average time, 49∶38 in 1995 versus average time 13∶50 in 1997). There was also a decrease in image delivery times to the clinicians in 1997 (median, 53 minutes) versus the film based practice of 1995 (1 hour and 40 minutes). Reports were available with the images immediately upon completion by the radiologist in 1997, compared with a median time of 27 minutes in 1995. Importantly, patients were roomed back into the UCC examination rooms faster after the radiologic procedure in 1997 (average time, 13∶36) than they were in 1995 (29∶38). Finally, the ordering physicians viewed the diagnostic images and reports in dramatically less time in 1997 (median, 26 minutes) versus 1995 (median, 1 hour and 5 minutes). In conclusion, a filmless electronic imaging practice within our UCC greatly improved radiology image and report delivery times, as well as improved clinical efficiency.
Renin Inhibits the Vasorelaxation Induced by Nitroso Albumin

Nitrosated proteins exhibit actions characteristic of free NO. As the vasorelaxation effect of nitrosated albumin is rapidly inactivated in plasma, we postulated that a protease could remove or modify the NO attached to albumin. We found that the ability of plasma to inactivate the vasorelaxing action of NO-bovine serum albumin (NO-BSA) is restricted to a plasma fraction containing macromolecules. We also found that a crude preparation of renal renin also inactivated the vasorelaxation action of NO-BSA and UV-spectrophotometric analysis showed that the 335-nm signal of NO-BSA was significantly decreased by renin. This decrease could be prevented by a renin inhibitor or by immunodepleting the renin preparation with a monoclonal antibody to renin. The data suggest that renin accelerates the uncoupling of NO to albumin. Such a function may be important in the control of vascular tone and blood pressure.
A matter of time: evaluating the storage of fecal samples for steroid analysis.

Abstract The extraction and immunoassay of fecal steroids is an increasingly common technique, used in both captive and field studies to provide an approximation of an animal’s circulating concentration of hormones through non-invasive methods. Storage of fecal samples is of critical concern because fecal bacteria metabolize fecal steroids within hours after deposit. Ethanol is often used as a preservative for fecal samples stored for several hours at room temperature. We examined the stability of fecal estrogen (fE) and glucocorticoid (fGC) metabolites from baboon ( Papio cynocephalus ) samples in a 95% ethanol solution at ambient temperature and at −20 °C over the course of six months, to determine the effect of storage on steroid concentrations. As measured by radioimmunoassay, fE metabolite concentrations increased by 122% at 90 days and fGC metabolite concentrations increased by 92% at 120 days. After peaking, both hormones declined to near initial concentrations by 180 days in ambient temperature samples. In samples stored at sub-zero temperatures, fGC metabolite concentrations showed a similar but dampened pattern, while fE metabolite concentrations exhibited small and variable changes with no consistent trend. We discuss explanations for the dynamic pattern of changing fecal metabolite concentrations and offer practical and analytical guidance to field workers for situations in which ideal conditions for stabilizing hormones are not available.
Ritual Theory, Ritual Practice

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION THE PRACTICE OF RITUAL THEORY 1. Constructing Ritual 2. Constructing Meaning 3. Constructing Discourse II. THE SENSE OF RITUAL 4. Action and Practice 5. The Ritual Body 6. Ritual Traditions and Systems III. RITUAL AND POWER 7. Ritual Control 8. Ritual, Belief, and Ideology 9. The Power of Ritualization BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX
Automated molecular weight assignment of electrospray ionization mass spectra.

Process improvements in the synthesis of therapeutic agents and their intermediates are often facilitated by identification of reaction by-products. Analysis by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) with electrospray ionization is a powerful approach for obtaining molecular weight information for these compounds. Such analyses are well suited for 'open-access' mass spectrometry using generic chromatographic conditions, provided spectral interpretation for unknown compounds is facile. We have developed a software application (MassAssign) that facilitates automated data processing and molecular weight assignment for chromatographic peaks detected by any standard ultraviolet-visible wavelength detector. The program assigns [M + H] + ions (and thus molecular weight) in the mass spectra using predetermined criteria. This evaluation process differentiates [M + H] + ions from other signals in a complex mass spectrum such as those resulting from chromatographic coelution or the presence of multiple species (i.e., fragment ions, singly charged ions, doubly charged ions, adduct ions, proton-bound dimers, etc.). Once the program has evaluated all ions in a mass spectrum that exceed a preset abundance threshold, MassAssign reports either a numeric value - indicating the chromatographic peak consists of a single component having the displayed molecular weight, 'MC'-indicating the peak consisted of multiple components, or 'ND'-that a molecular weight could not be determined unequivocally. The performance of the program was evaluated by comparing mass assignments made by MassAssign against manual interpretation for 55 samples analyzed by positive electrospray ionization using a generic HPLC method. Correct molecular weight assignments were obtained in 90% of the cases.