cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parkinson’s disease risk from ambient exposure to pesticides

Due to the heavy and expanding agricultural use of neurotoxic pesticides suspected to affect dopaminergic neurons, it is imperative to closely examine the role of pesticides in the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD). We focus our investigation on pesticide use in California’s heavily agricultural central valley by utilizing a unique pesticide use reporting system. From 2001 to 2007, we enrolled 362 incident PD cases and 341 controls living in the Central Valley of California. Employing our geographic information system model, we estimated ambient exposures to the pesticides ziram, maneb, and paraquat at work places and residences from 1974 to 1999. At workplaces, combined exposure to ziram, maneb, and paraquat increased risk of PD three-fold (OR: 3.09; 95% CI: 1.69, 5.64) and combined exposure to ziram and paraquat, excluding maneb exposure, was associated with a 80% increase in risk (OR:1.82; 95% CI: 1.03, 3.21). Risk estimates for ambient workplace exposure were greater than for exposures at residences and were especially high for younger onset PD patients and when exposed in both locations. Our study is the first to implicate ziram in PD etiology. Combined ambient exposure to ziram and paraquat as well as combined ambient exposure to maneb and paraquat at both workplaces and residences increased PD risk substantially. Those exposed to ziram, maneb, and paraquat together experienced the greatest increase in PD risk. Our results suggest that pesticides affecting different mechanisms that contribute to dopaminergic neuron death may act together to increase the risk of PD considerably.
Electrically evoked responses of the human external oblique abdominal muscle

Abstract An electric shock delivered to a mixed intercostal nerve of a standing human subject evokes two responses in the external oblique abdominal EMG, namely an M-wave and an electrically elicited reflex. The reflex latency is very close to that of the mechanically elicited phasic stretch reflex of the external oblique, suggesting that it is a monosynaptic spinal reflex. However, several of its characteristics make it very different from the mechanically evoked reflex and the H-responses of calf or jaw muscles. Unlike the mechanically evoked reflex, the electrically elicited reflex is neither modulated by respiration nor attenuated when the subject assumes a supine posture. Unlike the H-response of calf or jaw muscles, the electrically elicited reflex is extremely reproducible from trial to trial, displays no antidromic occlusion in response to an increase in shock strength, and is neither suppressed nor potentiated by abdominal muscle vibration. A silent period, i.e., an indicator of α-motoneuron suppression, follows an electrically elicited reflex only when the subject rotates his trunk away from the recording site. Presumably, inputs from external oblique muscle receptors inhibit their homonymous motoneurons effectively when the muscle is functioning as the chief power generator, but not when it is functioning as an agonist. Using single motor unit analysis, the electrically elicited reflex was shown to be comprised of monosynaptic, oligosynaptic, and multisegmental components with the major component being monosynaptic. These unique characteristics of the EER are presumably a reflection of the external oblique's multisegmental innervation, multilayered anatomy, short neuronal pathways, and diverse functions.
Gender-Related Aspects of Occupational Prestige.

Prestige of six occupational clusters was studied in relation to gender of the 369 college students who rated the prestige and to gender of imagined jobholders. Subjects rated on a scale of 1–5 the prestige of 30 occupations while envisioning women or envisioning men holding those jobs. Occupations were classified as either female professional, male professional, female nonprofessional, male nonprofessional, neutral professional, or neutral nonprofessional. Classification into these clusters was on the basis of percentage of women and men presently in each occupation and perception of each occupation's sex type, as well as whether college preparation was necessary. Prestige ratings were analyzed by a 2 (rater gender) × 2 (jobholder gender) × 6 (occupational cluster) repeated measures ANOVA. Main effects were obtained for gender (p < .05) and occupational cluster (p < .0001), as well as for the interactions of cluster and rater gender (p < .0001), cluster and jobholder gender (p < .0001), and the three-way interaction of cluster, rater gender, and jobholder gender (p < .01). The significant findings (particularly the interaction between occupational cluster and jobholder gender) seem to indicate that status is not inherent in sex-typed occupations, but is in part a function of the gender of the person imagined to be holding the job, and of the gender of the rater.
Best Practices in Shift Turnovers: Implications for Reducing Aviation Maintenance Turnover Errors as Revealed in ASRS Reports

Effective shift turnover is critical to safety in many work environments, including medicine, the oil industry, and aviation maintenance. To gain insight into aviation maintenance turnover procedures and possible improvements to them, we examined NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) maintenance incident reports involving shift turnover communication problems. We used the Boeing Maintenance Error Decision Aid (MEDA) coding system to code 1,182 ASRS maintenance incident reports. We compared the incidents involving shift turnover-related communication problems (n = 46) with incidents involving non-turnover-related communication problems (n = 37) and with other maintenance incidents (n = 1,099). Turnover-related incidents involved a significantly higher proportion of equipment that was classified by ASRS as “critical” than either of the other 2 samples, and had a significantly higher proportion of severe consequences. We suggest improvements to turnover work practices and include a generic checklist f...
Rapid Catch and Signal (RCS) Technology Platform: Multiplexed Three-Color, 30 s Microwave-Accelerated Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence DNA Assays

We present an innovative “Rapid Catch and Signal” (DNA-RCS) technology for the simultaneous highly selective detection of multiple specific DNA sequences in solution. The DNA-RCS technology combines advantages of microwave-accelerated DNA hybridization (Rapid Catch) with the metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) technology (Signal), to enable specific DNA’s to be detected at high sensitivity within seconds. Fluorescent DNA labels, which play the role of molecular sensor probes, show a strong response upon DNA hybridization, due to fluorophore coupling with nanoparticle plasmons at a short (10–30 nm) distance from the surface. We have also shown that the fluorophore sensor probes demonstrate high photostability due to close proximity to a SiF surface, which significantly increases the total stability and reliability of the assay. Applications of the DNA-RCS technology in the life sciences, its advantages and benefits as compared to other DNA detection schemes, such as PCR, are subsequently discussed.
Moral Responsibility Invariantism

Moral responsibility invariantism is the view that there is a single set of conditions for being morally responsible for an action (or omission or consequence of an act or omission) that applies in all cases. I defend this view against some recent arguments by Joshua Knobe and John Doris.
The Identity of the Central Deity on the Aztec Calendar Stone

Of the extant artistic monuments created by the Aztecs of Pre-Columbian Mexico, the Aztec Calendar Stone is undoubtedly the most important (Fig. 1). The thirteen-and-a-half foot circular polychromed basalt relief has been used to illustrate Postclassic Mexican cosmological concepts and the nature of their manifestation in Postclassic visual art more often than any other single image of the period.1 Discovered in 1790 lying face down in the Plaza Mayor of Mexico City (formerly the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan), and seen today in the Museo Nacional de Antropologia in Mexico City, the Calendar Stone has, further, come to symbolize for the Mexican people the beauty and complexity of their Pre-Columbian heritage. Given its dual role as a national symbol and a key to scholarly understanding of Postclassic art and cosmology, it is critically important that the iconography of the Calendar Stone be fully comprehended.
NUWC-Russia-UK Collaborative Research on Compliant Coatings

We report the results from a collaborative effort between NUWC, Russia and UK on the development of compliant coatings for undersea application of drag reduction and turbulence control. The coatings were manufactured in Novosibirsk in Russia. The coated cylindrical models were shipped to NUWC and to the University of Nottingham in the UK. Some reduction in drag and wall-pressure fluctuation spectra has been observed on a small cylinder model. Further confirmatory tests are recommended with a large diameter model.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Incorrect installation and use of materials as the cause of a severe air pollution incident in a school building

Abstract The proofing treatment of the floor slabs with a solvent based material and successive treatment with epoxy resin resulted in significant air contamination in a primary school. The contamination caused illnesses in many occupants of school. The GC/MS investigations of the air showed the presence of indane and other aromatic solvents, which was unusual as they are not correlated to outdoor pollution and derived from inner layers of the new flooring. The total concentration of these chemicals in air was in the order of several mg/m3.
MULTIPURPOSE EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES

This article is based on an address delivered before the Symposium on the Development and Utilization of Geothermal Resources, held at Pisa, Italy, 22 September to 1 October 1970
Supreme Court Justices as Strategic Decision Makers: Aggressive Grants and Defensive Denials on the Vinson Court

We examine strategic certiorari voting among the justices of the Vinson Court, i.e., the extent to which justices consider the relative likelihood of winning on the merits when deciding to grant or deny review. We find strong evidence that justices who wish to affirm carefully consider probable outcomes, but find no evidence that justices who wish to reverse do so. In Perry's (1991) terms, we find that the justices engage in aggressive grants but do not engage in defensive denials.
Application of morphologic burrow interpretations to discern continental burrow architects: Lungfish or crayfish?

A methodology for trace fossil identification using burrowing signatures is tested by evaluating ancient and modern lungfish and crayfish burrows and comparing them to previously undescribed burrows in a stratigraphic interval thought to contain both lungfish and crayfish burrows. Permian burrows that bear skeletal remains of the lungfish Gnathorhiza, from museum collections, were evaluated to identify unique burrow morphologies that could be used to distinguish lungfish from crayfish burrows when fossil remains are absent. The lungfish burrows were evaluated for details of the burrowing mechanism preserved in the burrow morphologies together forming burrowing signatures and were compared to new burrows in the Chinle Formation of western Colorado to test the methodology of using burrow signatures to identify unknown burrows. Permian lungfish aestivation burrows show simple, nearly vertical, unbranched architectures and relatively smooth surficial morphologies with characteristic quasi‐horizontal striae on...
Spectral and temporal characterizations of coupled-cavity mode locking in a KCl:Tl color center laser

The authors present experimental results on the spectral and temporal characteristics of a coupled-cavity mode-locked (CCM) KCl:Tl color center laser where a 2.8-m length of anomalously dispersive fiber was used in the control cavity. Under different operating conditions, both symmetrical and peak-featured spectra of the CCM laser were observed. Interrelationships between the spectral broadening and the cavity-length mismatch were determined experimentally. >
Latin America and the Caribbean: Assessment of the Advances in Public Health for the Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals

To improve health and economy of the world population, the United Nations has set up eight international goals, known as Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), that 192 United Nations member states and at least 23 international organizations have agreed to achieve by the year 2015. The goals include: (1) eradicating extreme poverty and hunger; (2) achieving universal primary education; (3) promoting gender equality; (4) reducing child mortality; (5) improving maternal health; (6) combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases; (7) ensuring environmental sustainability; and (8) developing a global partnership for development. Having been in the midway from the 2015 deadline, the UN Secretary-General urges countries to engage constructively to review progress towards the MDGs. This paper aims to evaluate advances in public health, with special reference to gender inequalities in health, health sector reform, global burden of disease, neglected tropical diseases, vaccination, antibiotic use, sanitation and safe water, nutrition, tobacco and alcohol use, indicators of health, and disease prevention in Latin America and the Caribbean region (LAC). The paper also identifies areas of deficits for the achievement of MDGs in LAC.
Inappropriate sinus tachycardia in a transplanted heart—Further insights into pathogenesis

Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) is relatively uncommon and poorly understood. Proposed mechanisms include sympathovagal imbalance or a primary sinus node (SAN) abnormality. We report a case of IST in a transplanted heart refractory to pharmacological therapy and causing severe allograft dysfunction. Secondary causes of sinus tachycardia were excluded. Cardiomyopathy resolved with heart rate (HR) control by SAN modification and -blocker therapy. The occurrence of IST in a completely denervated heart excluded a sympathovagal mechanism and implicated a primary defect in the donor SAN.
Some physical and chemical properties of bovine saliva which may affect rumen digestion and synthesis.

Summary An investigation was conducted on 77 samples of saliva from dairy cattle to ascertain some of this secretion's chemical and physico-chemical properties. The average water content of 36 specimens was 99.12 per cent. The average pH of 54 samples protected by neutral paraffin oil from carbon dioxide loss was 8.53, whereas the average pH for the unprotected samples was 8.71. No appreciable variation was noted in the pH of saliva collected at 6-hour intervals over a 24-hour period, and the time of collection relative to the feeding time had no apparent effect on the reaction of the saliva. An analysis of 75 saliva samples showed an average ascorbic acid concentration of 0.15 mg. per cent, while the average plasma ascorbic acid level of the same animals was 0.47 mg. per cent. The deodorizing and surface active properties of cow's saliva were demonstrated. The surface tention of 55 samples was 47.10 dynes per cm. at 29° C., while typical adsorption curves were derived from the uptake of benzene by saliva. since dried cow's saliva took up benzene in a manner characteristic of adsorption, it was believed that the absorbent materials of saliva were altered in some way by drying, resulting in the loss of the adsorbing property.
Constraining the couplings of massive pseudoscalars using gravity and optical experiments

The simultaneous exchange of two pseudoscalars between fermions leads to a spin-independent force between macroscopic objects. Previous work has demonstrated that one can combine this interaction with tests of the weak equivalence principle, gravitational inverse square law, and studies of laser beam propagation in magnetic fields, to set significant new constraints on the Yukawa couplings of massless pseudoscalars to nucleons. Here we extend these results to massive pseudoscalars, and derive new constraints which relate the strengths of these couplings to the pseudoscalar mass.
Is the ontogeny of glucuronyl transferase adaptive

GLUCURONYL transferase (EC 2.4.1.17) catalyses the transfer of glucuronic acid from uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid to a variety of amine, phenolic and carboxylic aglycones. Although this microsomal enzyme is found in the kidney and the gastrointestinal tract, the liver is the primary site of glucur-onide formation1. In the normal physiological state bilirubin is the principal substrate of this enzyme. Bilirubin must be conjugated with glucuronic acid to be transported from the liver cells to the bile.
Behavioral economics: implications for economic theory and policy

Abstract The concerns of behavioral economics are considered in the context of the decentralized, private ownership market economy. Modes of adaptive economizing behavior are outlined and their implications for augmenting the classical paradigm outlined. The role of viability mechanisms that indirectly and adaptively coordinate producers and consumers out of equilibrium is emphasized. The destabilizing nature of the creative intelligence and adaptive economizing transforms the world. The example of internal combustion, its effect on agriculture and transportation and the corollary use of resources provides a timely example.
Fourier transform Raman spectrum of polycrystalline pyrazole, vibrational assignment and ab initio calculations

The Fourier transform Raman spectrum from 100 to 3300 cm −1 of liquid and polycrystalline pyrazole, NHN=CHCH=CH, was recorded. The frequencies for several of the fundamentals are significantly different from those obtained from the Raman spectra of solutions. The data are interpreted in detail. The previous assignment of one of the out-of-plane fundamentals (A″) for the isolated molecule is questioned. The structural parameters, fundamental vibrational frequencies and values for the force constant were obtained from ab initio Hartree-Fock gradient calculations utilizing the 3-21G basis set. These results are compared with the values of some of these physical quantities previously reported
Validation of a new grading system for endoscopic examination of adenoid hypertrophy

OBJECTIVE: To propose and validate a new subjective grading system of adenoid size with flexible fiberoptic evaluation. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Digital video clips of 24 flexible fiberoptic nasopharyngeal exams were presented to 24 examiners (otolaryngology resident and consultant physicians) at a tertiary care institution. Examiners were asked to use the proposed grading system to rate adenoid hypertrophy. Kappa statistical analysis was used to evaluate the degree of intergrader agreement or disagreement. RESULTS: Statistical analysis of intergrader agreement demonstrated an overall Kappa score of 0.71 suggesting a "substantial" strength of agreement. The Kappa strength of agreement was found to be 0.83 (almost perfect) among consultant physicians and 0.62 (substantial) among resident physicians. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed adenoid staging system is a reliable and consistent method of staging adenoid tissue size. SIGNIFICANCE: This new validated grading system may be a useful standard for reporting adenoid size in future clinical outcome studies.
A primer on natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery: Building a new paradigm

Access to the abdominal cavity is required for diagnostic and therapeutic endeavors for a variety of medical and surgical diseases. Historically, abdominal access has required a formal laparotomy to provide adequate exposure. Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is an emerging experimental alternative to conventional surgery that eliminates abdominal incisions and incision-related complications by combining endoscopic and laparoscopic techniques to diagnose and treat abdominal pathology. During NOTES, commercially available flexible video endoscopes are used to create a controlled transvisceral incision via natural orifice access to enter the peritoneal cavity. Common incision-related complications such as wound infections, incisional hernias, postoperative pain, aesthetic disdain, and adhesions could be minimized or eliminated by NOTES. NOTES has evolved from more than 2 centuries of technological innovations and continued growth in the field of surgical endoscopy. Innovative surgical ...
Synthetic studies on diterpenes from a termite soldier: Total synthesis of (±)-biflora-4,10(19),15-triene

Abstract The total synthesis of (±)-biflora-4,10(19),15-triene is detailed which features a Diels-Alder strategy for elaboration of the four contiguous stereocenters at C(1), C(6), C(7), and C(11).
The genetic determinants of common human obesity

The genetic determinants of common human obesity have been elusive until recently, when work from several groups led to the identification of 16 loci that reproducibly associate with common human obesity. These loci reveal that the genetic architecture of common human obesity likely involves rare high penetrant loci, common low penetrant loci, and likely intermediate loci that are yet to be discovered. These loci implicate central nervous system processes in the pathophysiology of common human obesity, are not limited to effects in the central nervous system, and confirm a genetic susceptibility to obesity that may be harder for some individuals to overcome compared with others.
Range estimates of distant visual stimuli

Os made magnitude estimations of the range of visual targets located at physical distances from a few hundred yards or less to more than 5 miles. The targets were at different elevations in different experiments so that O’s gaze varied from 0 to 90 deg. The targets were presented against the empty sky or against water. The Os were stationary in most experiments, but were in motion in one. Results show that the psychophysical functions are power functions whose exponents range from ca. 1.25 to 0.8, depending on the angle of the target above the horizontal. Background texture or O motion had no effect.
Semi-nonparametric estimation of binary response models with an application to natural resource valuation

Abstract A semi-nonparametric binary response model is estimated to obtain the willingness to pay for the environmental quality improvement when the willingness to pay is restricted to be nonnegative. The model estimation is straightforward by using conventional maximum likelihood software. Because the semi-nonparametric model is the generalization of the parametric model, the generality can be assessed by a likelihood ratio test. By using an existing referendum survey data set, it is shown that the semi-nonparametric estimation provides a significant improvement over the parametric estimation. The willingness to pay is sensitive to the distribution assumption.
Two-dimensional gel analysis of secreted proteins induced by interleukin-1β in rat astrocytes

Abstract Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced in the brain by endogenous microglial cells responding to injury. Levels of IL-1β are elevated in several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. IL-1β, which can act as a mitogen for astrocytes, also elicits the expression and secretion of multiple factors and paracrine ‘second messengers’ such as other cytokines, nerve growth factor, prostaglandins and nitric oxide that may in turn modulate neuronal and glial responses to injury. Utilizing giant, high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we have sought to more fully define the potential range of protein mediators that are secreted by astrocytes treated with IL-1β. In cultured rat astrocytes, we observe dramatic increases in the secretion of eight different protein species after 24 h of treatment with human recombinant IL-1β (1 U/ml). Seven of the proteins are also induced by tumor necrosis factor-α or basic fibroblast growth factor. Based on immunoprecipitation with specific antisera, we have identified three of these proteins as plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1, ceruloplasmin, and complement component C3. The identities of the other proteins, including the IL-1β-specific induction, are currently unknown. Characterization of these downstream modulators of IL-1β action complements gene-based approaches and will provide a better understanding of astrocyte responses to injury as well as markers for astrocyte activation in neurodegenerative diseases.
Formulation and acoustic studies of a new phase-shift agent for diagnostic and therapeutic ultrasound

Recent efforts in the area of acoustic droplet vaporization with the objective of designing extravascular ultrasound contrast agents has led to the development of stabilized, lipid-encapsulated nanodroplets of the highly volatile compound decafluorobutane (DFB). We developed two methods of generating DFB droplets, the first of which involves condensing DFB gas (boiling point from −1.1 to −2 °C) followed by extrusion with a lipid formulation in HEPES buffer. Acoustic droplet vaporization of micrometer-sized lipid-coated droplets at diagnostic ultrasound frequencies and mechanical indices were confirmed optically. In our second formulation methodology, we demonstrate the formulation of submicrometer-sized lipid-coated nanodroplets based upon condensation of preformed microbubbles containing DFB. The droplets are routinely in the 200–300 nm range and yield microbubbles on the order of 1–5 μm once vaporized, consistent with ideal gas law expansion predictions. The simple and effective nature of this methodolo...
Present capabilities of the NBS Automatic Pulse Measurement System

In 1972, NBS began development of an Automatic Pulse Measurement System (APMS) consisting essentially of a minicomputer-controlled wide-band sampling oscilloscope. The objective of the work was to produce a fast general purpose pulse waveform acquisition and processing instrument with spectral capability in the frequency range dc-18 GHz. The purpose of this paper is to report the highlights of work done on the APMS from early 1975 to present. The measurement applications of the APMS now consist of both publicly offered calibration services and in-house experimental measurements. In the first category, calibration services are available for the following physical parameters: a) Impulse generator spectrum amplitude; b) Wide-band coaxial attenuation/gain; c) Pulse generator transition time. Still in the experimental stage are measurements involving reflection coefficient and impedance, group delay, pulse distortion, and wide-band antenna characteristics.
Review of 'Educated tastes: food, drink, and connoisseur culture' edited by Jeremy Strong

Strong, J (Ed.) Educated Tastes: Food, Drink, and Connoisseur Culture. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press; 2011. 320 pages, ISBN 978-080-321-935-9
Fundamental Limits for Radio Signals with Large Bandwidth

Radio services have traditionally used narrow frequency bands individually assigned. More recently, the concept of sharing very wide frequency bands by several users has been advanced, and this opens the door for the use of much larger bandwidths than in the past. This paper investigates the limits imposed by nature on the bandwidth of line-of-sight radio services operating in the earth's atmosphere. Furthermore, it investigates the limits for time resolution of radio signals, as well as the related limit of the angular resolution of a line array of sensors that receive signals with large bandwidth, and compares it with the classical resolution angle that holds for sinusoidal signals with vanishing bandwidth. Finally, an example is given where the concept of a practically finite bandwidth of a signal reaches its limit, and a more rigorous specification of the signal is required.
Fibrosing mediastinitis in the posterior thorax.

Ce serait une reponse auto-immune hypersensible a des antigenes divers. Un cas d'homme de 63 ans presentant une masse mediastinale posterieure
Review of silicon solar cells for high concentrations

Abstract The factors which limit the performance of high concentration silicon solar cells are reviewed. The design of a conventional high concentration cell is discussed, and the present state of the art is presented. The many unconventional cell designs which have been proposed to overcome the limitations of the conventional design are reviewed and compared. The present status of unconventional cells is presented.
Laboratory comparison of urethral profilometry techniques.

Abstract A comparison of urethral pressure profiles performed with the air infusion, water infusion, membrane catheter, and transducer tip catheter techniques was made in a canine model. The gas and water infusion methods gave statistically identical results if the gas studies were performed at flow rates of 100 ml. /min. and pull rates of 5 cm. /min. The transducer tip catheter and the gas and water infusion techniques gave accurate recordings of peak urethral pressure but were incapable of detecting multiple areas of urethral compression. The transducer tip catheter measurements often were difficult to interpret because of rotation and flexion artifact. The membrane catheter was capable of recording multiple areas of urethral compression but gave spuriously high recordings of peak urethral pressure. We conclude that none of the methods tested will give accurate recordings of urethral pressure in all clinical situations.
Persistence of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in sediments of the canals in Venice, Italy: 1995 and 1998

Total hydrocarbon and selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels were examined in sediments collected from known problematic areas in the canals of Venice, Italy, in 1995 and 1998. Hydrocarbon concentrations were greatest in the interior canals, moderate in the partially enclosed locations and lowest in the open-water sites. Total hydrocarbon and PAH concentrations declined from 1995 to 1998. Ancillary data suggest that this decline may have been in response to the elimination of many industrial activities in the lagoon and to initiating an aggressive canal dredging program. The distributions of individual components were generally similar both years regardless of the total PAH concentration or the location of sample collected. PAH alkyl homolog distributions suggest that atmospheric deposition of petrochemical combustion products is the main source of PAHs to Venice's sediments. In some cases however, the presence of low levels of the two-ring naphthalene homologous series indicate additional low-level inputs of fresh oil.
Base of tongue salivary gland tumors

Salivary tumors of the base of the tongue are encountered infrequently. A retrospective review of medical records from 1955 to 1985 was undertaken to determine the incidence of occurrence and to assess the outcome of the therapy provided. One hundred seventy-eight minor salivary gland tumors of the oral cavity and oropharynx were identified, of which 22 (13%) were located in the tongue base. All were malignant. The most common histologic type was mucoepidermoid carcinoma (10 patients), followed by adenocarcinoma (6 patients), and adenoid cystic carcinoma (6 patients). Thirteen patients were available for a mean follow-up of 5 years. Treatment was most often a combination of wide resection combined with postoperative radiation therapy. Ten patients (77%) are alive, one with persistent disease 8 years after diagnosis. Three patients died within 2 years of diagnosis, one with intercurrent disease. Improved control of disease in this series, when compared to previously reported series, is attributed to adequate surgical therapy and adjuvant radiotherapy. The deaths in our series occurred in patients who were unable to proceed with the recommended therapy. These unusual lesions require aggressive multimodality treatment for improved survival.
Spiritual and religious diversity in the workplace

Abstract This article offers a critical analysis of scholarship on spirituality and leadership. The article argues that the concept of spirituality is more disparate and contested than the current leadership literature acknowledges. It asserts that spirituality is often defined in opposition to religion and that this opposition is not an accurate description of a complex interrelationship. Scholars who uphold a view of bringing the “whole person” to work are inconsistent if they view spirituality as appropriate in the workplace but exclude diverse employees' particular, specific religious expressions from it. The concluding section offers implications from this critical exploration of leadership and spirituality and suggests that the task of effective organizational leadership is not to promote a single spiritual framework but, rather, to create a structure and culture in which leaders and followers can respectfully negotiate religious and spiritual diversity.
Recent Advances in the Treatment of Childhood Obesity

The multidisciplinary, four-phase approach, which includes PSMF, BEM, and MPE is successful in treating mild, moderate, and severe degrees of childhood and adolescent obesity. The MPE program is appropriate for use with PSMF and BEM due to its progressive nature, variety of options, and moderate intensity level. In addition, the MPE program is of sufficient intensity, duration, and frequency to promote a significant increase in estimated aerobic capacity (VO2max) and to promote the maintenance of lean body mass and resting energy expenditure. The short-term intervention of PSMF, BEM, and MPE also results in an improvement in body composition, lipid profiles, and IGF-1 and T3 levels. The 1200-calorie balanced diet, MPE, and BEM also provide a successful method of weight maintenance in children and adolescents, as indicated by further improvement in body composition at the 26-week measure. Additional studies are needed to assess the contribution of exercise to the maintenance of lean body mass and resting energy expenditure in obese children and adolescents. In addition, it will be important to assess long-term weight maintenance in obese adolescents who effectively lose weight in this multidisciplinary program.
Remarks concerning sums of three squares and quaternion commutator identities

Abstract A survey of identities connected with sums of three squares, 2-dimensional subalgebras of the quaternions, and additive commutators is given. The study of the last is linked to a theorem already observed by Gauss and re-proved here in various ways. A study of generalizations in recent years is added.
ANAPHYLACTOID REACTIONS TO RADIOCONTRAST AGENTS

Systemic reactions to radiocontrast media (RCM) administration are not a rare clinical occurrence. Most of these reactions involve some combination of pulmonary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and cutaneous symptoms that can be life-threatening if not promptly and properly treated. These reactions involve systemic mast cell activation, histamine release, but not specific IgE, and are most accurately termed anaphylactoid . 29 It is estimated that up to 1% of all subjects receiving standard RCM (i.e., ionic, hyperosmolar solutions) experience clinically significant anaphylactoid reactions. Such reactions should be distinguished from vasomotor reactions, which occur in 5% to 8% of patients undergoing RCM-based procedures, and consist of nausea (with or without vomiting), flushing and warmth but no hypotension, urticaria, or airway obstruction. 15 Life-threatening RCM reactions occur less frequently (rate less than 0.1%), and actual fatalities are fortunately rare (0.03% to 0.001%, depending on the specific procedure). Even with the development of less hypertonic agents, RCM reactions still occur and can have alarming, even fatal, consequences. This article reviews the pathophysiology, clinical presentations, and management of RCM reactions.
Investigation and application of an advanced dual piezoelectric cooling jet to a typical electronics cooling configuration

In recent years, electronics have significantly reduced in size at maintained or increased functionality. This trend has led to an increased demand for more capable thermal management solutions at smaller scales. However, miniaturization of conventional fan and heat sink cooling systems introduces significant size, weight and efficiency challenges. In this study the flow performance of a novel thin form-factor cooling solution, the advanced dual piezoelectric cooling jet(DCJ), is evaluated. A DCJ is a micro-fluidic device that disturbs the boundary layer over a hot component and hence increases heat transfer. The design of an equivalent fan-curve experiment is described in detail. A first ever fan curve for a bimorph DCJ device is presented. This is coupled to a thermal performance analysis using an experiment simulating thin profile consumer electronics.
A framework for obligation fulfillment in REST services

An Obligation is an expression of non-functional or cross-cutting requirements, the scope of which transcends any specific service, but for which the service bears an enforcement responsibility. Example use cases include regulations imposed on handling of Electronic Health Records. We describe the concept of an Obligation, provide example use cases, and then define a general design pattern for when a REST developer should consider their use. We then describe a proof-of-concept implementation that extends the Spring Security framework to support the assertion of Obligations within a RESTful service deployment. This extension may be used to inject a range of Obligation behaviors into a REST service during the design, deployment, and post deployment phases. Our prototype is compatible with the XACML 3.0 core standard.
Thermal characteristics of a laboratory electromagnetic launcher

Performance of rail conductors under rapid-fire conditions is limited by the ability to remove the heat generated during each shot. The net thermal effect of each shot is to raise the bulk temperature and induce thermal stresses in the conductors. While the high bulk temperature reduces the strength of the material, the cyclic thermal stress may reduce fatigue cycle life of the components. Various estimates of cooling requirements in rail conductors have been done using one-dimensional and two-dimensional approximations. In this study, we carried out a three-dimensional motion computation of the thermal load experienced by the entire length of a laboratory electromagnetic gun for a single shot firing. The distribution of thermal energy deposited in the rails is compared with the prior solutions. Post-transition energy dissipation and voltage rise due to arcing contact are also characterized.
Optimal Mechanisms with Finite Agent Types

In some mechanism design problems, finite-type spaces may be natural ones to consider, yet the current literature is dominated by analyses of continuous-type spaces. This probably derives from the intellectual dominance of the early work in this area. Here we present an analysis of the finite-state case that unifies and generalizes current understanding of these problems. We analyze general quasi-linear utility functions among asymmetric agents with an arbitrary number of finite types, in the context of incentive-compatible direct revelation games. A key part of the analysis is the relationship between expected benefit functions that feature alternative forms of supermodularity that translate into relaxations or restrictions of the original problem. The required features can be attained with a range of assumptions on the model primitives, each of which can support the results. This unified approach can suggest a range of alternative assumption combinations, often more general than their counterparts in the continuous-space literature, and each of which can reduce the problem to a more tractable form. Also, mechanism design problems with finite-type spaces can require conscious attention to how the principal handles ties, which are probability-zero events, and hence innocuous in continuous spaces.
Mechanical compatibilization of high density polyethylene-poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends

Blends of high density polyethylene (HDPE) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) exhibit extremely poor mechanical properties owing to the incompatibility of these two polymers. Such blends, however, would result from the reprocessing of certain carbonated beverage bottles. Addition of small amounts of a commercially available triblock copolymer greatly improved the ductility of these incompatible blends, whereas addition of an ethylene–propylene elastomer did not. The results are discussed in terms of phase morphology and interfacial adhesion among the various components.
A Critical Theory of Adult Learning and Education

Interpreting the ideas of Jurgen Habermas, the nature of three generic domains of adult learning is posited, each with its own interpretive categories, ways of determining which knowledge claims ar...
From Elevated Freeway to Urban Greenway: Land Value Impacts of the CGC Project in Seoul, Korea

In 2003—04, the Cheong Gye Cheon elevated freeway in Seoul, Korea, was torn down and replaced by an urban stream and linear park. This bold initiative aimed to enhance the quality of central-city living by replacing a mobility asset that was also a nuisance with an attractive urban amenity. This research analyses the impacts of the freeway-to-greenway conversion on commercial and residential property values using multilevel hedonic price models. Specifically, for non-residential uses, it was found that there were land value premiums for parcels within 500 metres of the corridor for both the former freeway and the present-day urban greenway. However, premiums were notably higher for parcels within the 500-metre walkshed of the urban greenway entrance points than the freeway on-ramps. It is concluded that Seoul’s unique freeway disinvestment/greenway investment conferred net benefits to both residential and non-residential land markets.
Deformation near a liquid contact line on an elastic substrate

The equilibrium configuration of a liquid drop on a solid is determined by local energy balance. For a very stiff substrate, energy balance is represented by Young's equation. The equilibrium confi...
A Review of: “Body Image: A Handbook of Theory, Research, & Clinical Practice”: by Thomas F. Cash and Thomas Pruzinsky. New York: Guilford Press, 2004, 530 pages, $65 (hardback), $30 (paperback).

This Handbook is designed to provide a comprehensive account of current theory, research, and clinical practice in the areas of body-image and body-image disorders. Cash and Pruzinsky invited 72 di...
Critical Role of Macrophage 12/15-Lipoxygenase for Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice

Background— Mice lacking leukocyte type 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LO) show reduced atherosclerosis in several models. 12/15-LO is expressed in a variety of cells, including vascular cells, adipocytes, macrophages, and cardiomyocytes. The purpose of this study was to determine which cellular source of 12/15-LO is important for atherosclerosis. Methods and Results— Bone marrow from 12/15-LO−/−/apoE−/− mice was transplanted into apoE−/− mice and vice versa. Deficiency of 12/15-LO in bone marrow cells protected apoE−/− mice fed a Western diet from atherosclerosis to the same extent as complete absence of 12/15-LO, although plasma 8,12-iso-iPF2α-IV, a measure of lipid peroxidation, remained elevated. 12/15-LO−/−/apoE−/− mice regained the severity of atherosclerotic lesion typical of apoE−/− mice after replacement of their bone marrow cells with bone marrow from apoE−/− mice. Peritoneal macrophages obtained from wild-type but not 12/15-LO−/− mice caused endothelial activation in the presence of native LDL. Abse...
Star Formation from Large to Small Scales

The origin of the empirical laws of star formation, i.e., the Schmidt law and the Kennicutt critical column density relation, are discussed in terms of various models, including gravitational instabilities, turbulence compression and sequential triggering. All three have a sensitivity to the critical column density if a cool phase of atomic gas can exist in equilibrium. Observations of star formation on large scales in galaxies favor the instability models, but intermediate scales, from 1 pc to 1 kpc, bring out the features of turbulence compression. Both of these processes differ in morphology from those involved with the formation of individual clusters, which are often triggered sequentially by older stars. We suggest that the three models combine in various ways to initiate star formation. Each gives the appearance that it dominates on a certain scale. The final event that makes clusters in the Solar neighborhood is usually sequential triggering. This operates in a medium that is preconditioned by turbulence and sensitive to self-gravity, so the resulting young stars display features characteristic of the other two models.
Two functionally distinct regions upstream of the cbbI operon of Rhodobacter sphaeroides regulate gene expression.

A number of cbbFI::lacZ translational fusion plasmids containing various lengths of sequence 5′ to the form I (cbbI) Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle operon (cbbFIcbbPIcbbAIcbbLIcbbSI) of Rhodobacter sphaeroides were constructed. Expression of β-galactosidase was monitored under a variety of growth conditions. It was found that 103 bp of sequence upstream of the cbbFI transcription start was sufficient to confer low levels of regulated cbbI promoter expression; this activity was dependent on the presence of an intact cbbR gene. Additionally, R. sphaeroides CbbR was shown to bind to the region between 9 and 100 bp 5′ to the cbbFI transcription start. Inclusion of an additional upstream sequence, from 280 to 636 bp 5′ to cbbFI, resulted in a significant increase in regulated cbbI promoter expression under all growth conditions tested. A 50-bp region responsible for the majority of this increase occurs between 280 and 330 bp 5′ to cbbFI. The additional 306 bp of upstream sequence from 330 to 636 bp also appears to play a positive regulatory role. A 4-bp deletion 281 to 284 bp 5′ to cbbFI significantly reduced cbbI expression while the proper regulatory pattern was retained. These studies provide evidence for the presence of two functionally distinct regions of the cbbI promoter, with the distal domain providing significant regulated promoter activity that adheres to the normal pattern of expression.
Divergence and Reticulation among Montane Populations of a Jumping Spider (Habronattus pugillis Griswold)

Populations of the jumping spider Habronattus pugillis Griswold isolated on nearby moun- tain ranges in southern Arizona are differentiated in many features of the males (color, shape, and orientation of setae on face; shape of carapace; markings of palpi and legs; motions during courtship behavior). These features are (mostly) consistent within a range and different between ranges. The concentration of differences in male courtship behavior and body parts exposed to the female during courtship and correlations between form and courtship behavior suggest sexual selection was in- volved in the differentiation. Aphylogeneticanalysisof the populations yieldsatreethatfor the most part groups geographic neighbors, but the history of H. pugillis populations may not be adequately described by a tree. Geographic proximity of apparent convergences suggests that populations from at least some of the mountain ranges acquired characteristics through introgression. Lowering of the woodland habitat during the last glacial period probably brought some populations into contact, but it is not clear whether the interrange woodlands would have provided corridors for extensive mix- ing. (Differentiation; geographic variation; homoplasy; hybridization; phylogeny; Salticidae; sexual selection; speciation; spiders.)