cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Juvenile-Peripubertal Transition Period in the Female Rat: Establishment of a Diurnal Pattern of Pulsatile Luteinizing Hormone Secretion*

Previous descriptions of pulsatile LH release in immature female rats have been mostly inaccurate because of infrequent blood sampling, discontinuous and unbalanced blood replacement procedures, and possibly because of the use of a heterologous RIA. The present study was undertaken to circumvent these problems and to characterize more precisely the changes in episodic LH secretion previously observed during the juvenile-peripubertal transitional period (27-38 days of age). Changes in LH levels were measured in plasma samples obtained every 5 min from unrestrained conscious animals using a recently developed technique that permitted continuous withdrawal of blood for 4-5 h and simultaneous replacement with an artificial blood mixture. In virtually all of the rats, LH release was pulsatile. In both the juvenile (27-29 days old) and peripubertal (30-38 days old) animals, mean plasma LH levels and LH pulse amplitude were low in the mornings. A similar pattern of LH secretion was found in the afternoon during the juvenile period. In contrast, most of the peripubertal animals exhibited an afternoon increase in LH pulse amplitude. A change in pulse frequency was not detected at this time, but a 1.8-fold increase in mean LH levels suggests that large amplitude pulses may be accompanied by low amplitude, high frequency pulses not revealed by the 5-min sampling paradigm. Some of the peripubertal rats (5 of 12) had plasma LH profiles in which the large amplitude pulses were accompanied by a midafternoon minisurge of secretion which lasted for up to 2 h and reached peak levels of 174 +/- 19 ng/ml; the LH surge at first proestrus was greater than 1000 ng/ml. The results demonstrate the prepubertal development of an afternoon increase in LH pulse amplitude and the appearance of a more prolonged and larger secretory episode of LH secretion (minisurge). Disclosure of a concomitant increase in pulse frequency may necessitate blood sampling at more frequent intervals. It is suggested that the changes in the mode of LH release described here may enhance peripubertal ovarian steroidogenesis and provide an appropriate stimulus for initiating the final stages of ovarian development.
Acyclovir therapy for varicella in otherwise healthy children and adolescents.

Acyclovir has been approved in the United States and elsewhere as antiviral therapy for otherwise healthy children and adolescents with varicella. This development arose from multicentre placebo-controlled trials of acyclovir in normal patients, 2-18 years of age, which showed that the drug accelerated cutaneous healing, and reduced fever and related constitutional symptoms without harmful side effects. Acyclovir did not, however, decrease transmission of chickenpox within the household, nor was there any demonstrable effect of antiviral therapy on varicella complications. In this article, the background and rationale for the multicentre studies of acyclovir in normal paediatric patients with chickenpox is reviewed
A parallel 3D piecewise constant reconstruction algorithm for asymmetric virus structures

In this paper we present an improved method for computing the electron density of virus structures; it uses O(N2) less work and is based on piecewise constant approximation of the Discrete Fourier Transform of the electron density. In these algorithms, the computations to determine the values of the 3D Discrete Fourier Transforms of the density of an asymmetric object can be naturally distributed over the nodes of a parallel system. Some computational results, pertaining to the accuracy, are also given.
Seeing around corners with a mobile phone?: synthetic aperture audio imaging

Seeing around corners, in the dark, and through smoke is difficult without specialized sensors[Velten et al. 2012], and so far impossible with a mobile phone. We use an active audio system to sense objects around occluders. Current techniques perform passive localization of sound sources with a microphone array, however, we demonstrate that with one microphone and one speaker pair, such as the ones found in mobile phones, it is possible to sense the specular reflection of silent objects such as mannequins around occluding objects. We demonstrate this technique by sensing a mannequin occluded by a wall.
ACTS MEDIAN: a wireless LAN supporting ATM at 155 Mb/s

There is growing interest in the concept of `wireless ATM', the transport of ATM cells over the air interface, thereby offering new transparent wireless connectivity to ATM terminals and networks, in LAN, local loop and peer-to-peer scenarios. This paper describes the technical approach being followed by the ACTS MEDIAN project to realise such a wireless ATM LAN, supporting bit rates of 155 Mb/s at 60 GHz. In particular, means to combat the hostile radio environment, namely the COFDM modulation scheme and the data link control, and to share the available bandwidth resource, namely the medium access control (MAC), are discussed. (5 pages)
Univariate density estimation by orthogonal series

Orthogonal series estimators of univariate densities are proposed that are derived from and motivated by kernel estimators optimal in Whittle's (1958) sense. A preliminary fit of the data from within a one or two parameter class of densities plays the role of a prior mean density. The ratio of the true density and the prior mean density is assumed to have a series expansion in terms of functions orthogonal with respect to the prior mean density. Coefficients of terms of the series are given a joint prior distribution according to which they are independent, with zero means.
Combination of Oral Tramadol, Acetaminophen and 1% Lidocaine Induced Periprostatic Nerve Block for Pain Control During Transrectal Ultrasound Guided Biopsy of the Prostate: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial

Purpose: Prostate biopsy for diagnosing cancer can be painful. Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic used to treat many pain disorders. We determined whether administering oral tramadol and acetaminophen combined with 1% lidocaine induced periprostatic nerve block would significantly decrease the pain experienced by patients during standard 10-core transrectal ultrasound guided needle biopsy of the prostate.Materials and Methods: A total of 60 men who presented for diagnostic prostate biopsy were randomized to receive placebo plus periprostatic 1% lidocaine as the control group of 30 or 75 mg tramadol/650 mg acetaminophen orally plus periprostatic 1% lidocaine as the experimental group of 30 before undergoing biopsy. Immediately after biopsy each patient was asked to rate the pain on a linear 10-point scale and a standard 6-point faces pain scale. Complications of pain medication administration in each group were noted and compared.Results: Pain medication administration was well tolerated by each stud...
Hematopoietic Progenitor Kinase 1 Is a Component of Transforming Growth Factor β-induced c-Jun N-terminal Kinase Signaling Cascade *

The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway is involved in transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling in a variety of cell systems. We report here that hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1), a novel Ste20-like protein serine/threonine kinase, serves as an upstream mediator for the TGF-β-activated JNK1 cascade in 293T cells. TGF-β treatment resulted in a time-dependent activation of HPK1, which was accompanied by similar kinetics of JNK1 activation. The activation of JNK1 by TGF-β was abrogated by a kinase-defective HPK1 mutant but not by a kinase-defective mutant of kinase homologous to Ste20/Sps1. This result indicates that HPK1 is specifically required for TGF-β-induced activation of JNK1. We also found that TGF-β-induced JNK1 activation was blocked by a kinase-defective mutant of TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1). In addition, interaction between HPK1 and TAK1 was observed in transient transfection assays, and this interaction was enhanced by TGF-β treatment. Both stress-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (SEK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 (MKK7) are immediate upstream activators of JNK1. Although SEK and MKK7 acted downstream of TAK1, only a kinase-defective SEK mutant blocked TGF-β-induced activation of JNK1, indicating that the TGF-β signal is relayed solely through SEK, but not MKK7,in vivo. Furthermore, TGF-β-induced activating protein 1 activation was blocked by a HPK1 mutant, as well as by TAK1 and SEK mutants. Taken together, these studies establish a potential cascade of TGF-β-activated interacting kinases beginning with HPK1, a Ste20 homolog, and ending in JNK1 activation: HPK1 → TAK1 → SEK → JNK1.
FLOW PROPERTIES OF POWDERED SHORTENINGS

Mass flow rate, angle of repose, and angle of slide were used to survey flow Properties of powdered shortenings. Samples containing 75% fat were encapsulated using sodium caseinate or various vegetable protein isolates at levels of 2, 4, and 8% protein. Powdered shortenings prepared with soy, peanut, and cottonseed proteins were more flowable through an orifice. Powdered shortenings prepared with sodium caseinate were slightly more flowable down inclines. Proteins with greater solubility produced powdered shortenings with better flow properties through an orifice. Protein level had little effect on flow properties but capsule formation did not occur in the absence of protein. Scanning electron microscopy indicated powdered shortenings with smoother surface topographies had better flow down an incline but poorer flow through an orifice.
How To Divorce Engaged Chromosomes

The FEAR network, which is required for mitotic and meiotic progression, activates the phosphatase Cdc14, known to be required for mitotic exit. Mitotic exit is impaired, however, if sister chromatids were not properly aligned, i.e., if sister chromatid cohesion has not been established and resolved at the appropriate time. These processes require the cohesin complex and its destruction—at least for most of the chromosomal regions. Two recent studies describe an unusual behavior of particular chromosome segments such as the rRNA gene cluster, whose segregation also requires a CDC14-dependent, cohesin-independent pathway. Thus, mechanisms that govern chromosome segregation are more diverse than commonly assumed.
Who builds a house without drawing blueprints

Finding a better solution by thinking about the problem and its solution, rather than just thinking about the code.
Innovative family and technological interventions for encouraging leisure activities in caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease.

This article explores the effect that a Family-Based Structural Multisystems In-Home Interventions (FSMII) with a Computer Telephone Integration System (CTIS) has on caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease in their ability to engage in leisure activities. It describes, from the caregivers' point of view, how their engagement in leisure activities has been negatively affected. Drawing from these personal experiences, this document illustrates the uniqueness of FSMII with CTIS in working through the barriers that caregiv-ers encounter in the process of accessing/engaging in leisure activities.
ENVISIONING ALTERNATIVES: USING CITIZEN GUIDANCE TO MAP FUTURE LAND AND WATER USE

Spatially explicit landscape analyses are a central activity in research on the relationships between people and changes in natural systems. Using geographical information systems and related tools, the Pacific Northwest Ecosystem Research Consortium depicted historical (pre-EuroAmerican settlement, circa 1850), current (circa 1990), and three alternative future (circa 2050) landscapes for western Oregon's Willamette River Basin. These depictions were used to better understand and anticipate trajectories of change in human occupancy and natural resource condition. During a 30-month period, we worked with lay and professional citizen groups to create, map, and refine a set of value-based assumptions about future policy in three scenarios concerning land and water use. The Plan Trend 2050 scenario represents the expected future landscape in 2050 if current policies are implemented as written and recent trends continue. Development 2050 reflects a loosening of current policies, to allow freer rein to market forces across all components of the landscape, but still within the range of what citizen stakeholders considered plausible. Conservation 2050 places greater emphasis on ecosystem protection and restoration, still reflecting a plausible balance among ecological, social, and economic considerations as defined by the stakeholders. For the Conservation scenario, natural resource managers and scientists provided estimates for the area of key habitats required to sustain, in perpetuity, the array of dependent species. Spatially explicit analyses identified locations biophysically suited to meet the area targets. These locations, titled the Conservation and Restoration Opportunity Areas, were mapped and then reviewed by a series of groups regarding the political plausibility of conserving or restoring them to the indicated vegetation types. The three alternative 2050 futures, as well as the 1850 past conditions, were then evaluated by an array of evaluation models described by others in this issue. The Conservation and Restoration Opportunities map from the Conservation 2050 scenario has been adopted by the group charged with salmon recovery in the basin as the centerpiece of its restoration strategy.
Editorial: Digital Video and Social Studies

The “social studies” as a domain of K-12 instruction is a legacy of early 20th-century Progressivism (Fallace, 2009). The movement to establish social studies was shaped and defined by such milestones as the 1916 report of the National Education Association’s Committee on Social Studies, which situated social studies within the Progressive vision of “modern education” that aimed at “social efficiency” (Committee on Social Studies, 1916, p. 9, reprinted in Nelson, 1994). This document was followed by the founding of the National Council for the Social Studies in 1921 and involvement in practitioner journals such as History Teacher’s Magazine (founded in 1909 and renamed The Social Studies in 1934). Throughout the 20th century, the social studies community has grappled with current events, crises, curricula, standards, testing, and much more.
“The Socialist Nation of the German Democratic Republic” or The Asymmetry in Nation and Ideology between the Two Germanies

This paper is a semiological attempt to derive meaning from the recent reconceptualization of the German nation: the thesis of the separate socialist nation as advanced by the Socialist Unity Party (SED) of the German Democratic Republic (GDR). Before entering upon the question of how the-socialist nation of the GDR is defined and what this definition means in contrast to the definition of the nation current in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), we may well ask whether it makes any difference. In spite of the furor aroused by this idea in the West German press, non-Germans may legitimately wonder whether it is not silly to quibble over whether to the GDR a separate state or a separate nation.
Telescope allograft method to reconstitute the diaphysis in limb salvage surgery.

We propose a surgical technique for structural allograft reconstitution of the diaphysis of long bones, maximizing surface contact between host and allograft bone. This method, analogous to a telescope, overlaps the graft and host bone, theoretically increasing bone surface contact substantially. We report the outcome of 22 telescoped allograft junction sites in 19 patients who lacked sufficient host bone to accommodate a regular-length stemmed implant. This joint-sparing reconstruction preserved 15 of 16 adjacent joints at risk for replacement. Five patients needed additional surgery, but none for nonunion. The diaphyseal length could be reconstructed enough so that a short prosthesis (less than the critical 40% of total bone length) could be used. This biologic method to reconstruct major segments of the diaphysis is best suited for patients with quantitatively or qualitatively deficient residual bone stock after tumor resection or prosthetic revision. We believe it is an excellent technique for revision knee megaprostheses when there is a short remnant of proximal femur.
A mathematical treatment of defeasible reasoning and its implementation

In this dissertation I present a formal approach to defeasible reasoning. This mathematical approach is based on the notion of specificity introduced by Poole and the general theory of warrant as presented by Pollock. General background information on the subject of Nonmonotonic Reasoning is presented and some of the shortcomings of existing systems are analyzed. We believe that the approach presented here represents a definite improvement over past systems. The main contribution of this thesis is a formally precise, elegant, clean, well-defined system which exhibits a correct behavior when applied to the benchmark examples in the literature. Model-theoretic semantical issues have been addressed. The investigation on the theoretical issues has aided the study of how this kind of reasoner can be realized on a computer. An interpreter of a restricted language, an extension of Horn clauses with defeasible rules, has been implemented. Finally, the implementation details are discussed.
Process Managing Operational Risk. Developing a Concept for Adapting Process Management to the Needs of Operational Risk in the Basel Ii-Framework

The paper explores pragmatic possibilities for financial institutions to cope with the hot topic of Operational Risk. It aspires to go beyond a discussion that has mainly focused on finding a viable and reliable method for measurement of operational risk. Rather than keeping with mere measurement, the paper argues that given the specific nature of operational risk, Process Management-based methods are appropriate for identifying, evaluating and prioritizing, and finally preventing, mitigating and controlling the bank's risk profile. The author introduces a set of methods for each of these basic steps in a sound risk management process and sets out criteria to evaluate their usefulness in the various contexts of application at financial institutions. Special weight is given to describing how a Business-Process-based method of systematically identifying and estimating organizational risk can actually look and work. It will permit companies to simultaneously get to know their business processes in general and the organizational risk contained therein in particular. The discussion is rounded off by a chapter on the particular case of cross-organizational processes as well as an outline of the roles and tasks in the organizational implementation of the proposed approach. While the paper was mainly motivated by the challenges that financial institutions face in the Basel II-framework, its lessons are applicable to any business operation. It is the declared objective of this thesis to collect and review the fragmented current literature on the subject and bring it onto a coherent basis for discussing the possibility for a results-oriented, and management-minded approach to operational risk.
The C Terminus of the B5 Receptor for Herpes Simplex Virus Contains a Functional Region Important for Infection

The expression of a previously uncharacterized human hfl-B5 cDNA confers susceptibility for herpes simplex virus (HSV) to porcine cells and fulfills criteria as an HSV entry receptor (A. Perez, Q.-X. Li, P. Perez-Romero, G. DeLassus, S. R. Lopez, S. Sutter, N. McLaren, and A. Oveta Fuller, J. Virol. 79:7419-7430, 2005). Heptad repeats found in the B5 C terminus are predicted to form an α-helix for coiled coil structure. We used mutagenesis and synthetic peptides with wild-type and mutant sequences to examine the function of the heptad repeat motif in HSV binding and entry into porcine cells that express B5 and for infection of naturally susceptible human HEp-2 cells. B5 with point mutations predicted to disrupt the putative C-terminal coiled coil failed to mediate HSV binding and entry into porcine cells. Synthetic peptides that contain the single amino acid changes lose the blocking activity of HSV entry. We concluded that the C terminus of B5 contains a functional region that is important for the B5 receptor to mediate events in HSV entry. Structural evidence that this functional region forms coiled coil structures is under investigation. Blocking of HSV interaction with the C-terminal region of the B5 receptor is a new potential target site to intervene in the virus infection of human cells.
Intraoperative pterygo-palatine interstitial 125I seed implants.

Abstract Intra-operative 125 I seed implants of the pterygo-palatine fossa and/or base skull region were performed in 15 patients at Stanford between 1976 and 1980. Local control was obtained in the implanted volume in 6 of the 10 previously untreated patients and in 4 of 5 of those who were treated with combined resection and seed implantation after local recurrences. The technique of base skull implantation, the low incidence of complications from this procedure and the dosimetric methods are discussed.
Eustatic controls on stratigraphy, chemostratigraphy, and water mass evolution preserved in a Lower Permian mudrock succession, Delaware Basin, west Texas, USA

AbstractBone Spring (Leonardian) mudrock successions in Delaware Basin vary between silica- and carbonate-rich facies marking depositional responses to sea-level changes. Increased Mo, δ15N, and total organic carbon (TOC) record reduced oxygenation during sea-level lowstands. In a 91.4-m (300 ft) core from Sun No. 1 Houssels well and a 39.6-m (130 ft) core from Shell No. 1 Marsden well (Reeves Co., Texas), lower Bone Spring cycles comprised siliceous-calcareous mudrock couplets. The Marsden core was correlative to the upper part of the Houssels core. Cyclicity was interpreted from mineralogical calculations at numerous core horizons using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) measurements of elemental content. Elemental abundances enabled predicting mineralogy based on the stoichiometric relationships between elements and dominant minerals (calcite and quartz), and from average values of Si and K in published illite analyses. The average sample spacing for ED-XRF measurements was 0.24 m (0.8 ft) f...
From “Public Journalism” to the “Public's Journalism”? Rhetoric and reality in the discourse on weblogs

It has become somewhat of a truism that each new medium of communication is heralded as a radical departure from preexisting ones. From the telegraph to television, the advent of new communication ...
Bad News, Period

Jamieson, Kathleen Hall. 1984. Packaging the Presidency: A History and Criticism of Presidential Campaign Advertising. New York: Oxford University Press. Kernell, Samuel. 1986. Going Public: New Strategies of Presidential Leadership. Washington, DC: CQ Press. Kinder, Donald, and Thomas Palfrey, eds. 1993. Experimental Foundations of Political Science. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. McCombs, Maxwell, and Donald Shaw. 1977. The Emergence of American Political Issues: The Agenda-Setting Function of the Press. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co. Miller, Arthur, Edie N. Goldenberg, and Lutz Erbring. 1979. "Type-Set Politics: Impact of Newspapers on Public Confidence." American Political Science Review 73:67-82.
Dielectronic recombination cross section for C 3

Cross sections for the resonant collisional excitation 2s..-->..2p(..delta..n = 0) accompanied by the capture of the incident electron to a Rydberg state, and subsequent decay of this state by radiation emission, are estimated for the C/sup 3 +/ target ion. They are typically of the order of 1approx.2 x 10/sup -18/ cm/sup 2/ when averaged over an energy-bin size of 0.01< or approx. =..delta..e/sub c/< or approx. =0.03 Ry, dominated by the high-Rydberg-state contribution.
Differential binding of proteins to peroxisomes in rat hepatoma cells: unique association of enzymes involved in isoprenoid metabolism

Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS: EC2.5.1.10), a key enzyme in isoprenoid metabolic pathways, catalyzes the synthesis of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) an intermediate in the biosynthesis of both sterol and non-sterol isoprenoid end products. The localization of FPPS to peroxisomes has been reported ( Krisans, S. K., J. Ericsson, P. A. Edwards, and G. A. Keller. 1994. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 14165-14169). Using indirect immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopic tech- niques we show here that FPPS is localized predominantly in the peroxisomes of rat hepatoma H35 cells. However, the par- tial release of 60-70% of cellular FPPS activity is observed by selective permeabilization of these cells with digitonin. Under these conditions, lactate dehydrogenase, a cytosolic enzyme, is completely released whereas catalase, a known peroxisomal enzyme, is fully retained. Digitonin treatment of H35 cells dif- ferentially affects the release of other peroxisomal enzymes involved in isoprenoid metabolism. For instance, mevalonate kinase and phosphomevalonate kinase are almost totally re- leased (95% and 91%, respectively), whereas 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl-CoA reductase is fully retained. Indirect immu- noflourescence studies indicate that FPPS is localized in peroxisomes of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells but is dispersed in the cytosol of ZR-82 cells, a mutant that lacks per- oxisomes. Unlike in H35 cells, FPPS is completely released upon digitonin permeabilization of CHO-K1 and ZR-82 cells. In contrast, under the same permeabilization conditions, cata- lase is fully retained in CHO-K1 cells but completely released from ZR-82 cells. These studies indicate that FPPS and other enzymes in the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathways, in- volved in the formation of FPP, are differentially associated with peroxisomes and may easily diffuse to the cytosol. Based on these observations, the significance and a possible regula- tory model in the formation of isoprenoid end-products are discussed. —Gupta, S. D., R. S. Mehan, T. R. Tansey, H-T. Chen, G. Goping, I. Goldberg, and I. Shechter. Differential binding of proteins to peroxisomes in rat hepatoma cells: unique association of enzymes involved in isoprenoid metabo- lism. J. Lipid Res. 1999. 40: 1572-1584. Supplementary key words peroxisomescholesterolisoprenoids • immunofluorescencecellular permeabilizationfarnesyl diphosphate synthasecatalase
Multiscale Modeling of Frictional Behavior of Highly-Ordered Carbon Nanotube/Ceramic Nanocomposites

This is a copy of the slides presented at the meeting but not formally written up for the volume. Micromechanics model incorporating with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is developed to simulate the frictional behavior of carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays in ceramic nanocomposites. MD model is used to compute the interaction force and simulate failure mechanisms of individual nanotube at atomic length scale. The force and deformation calculated from MD simulation are passed to the continuum model to simulate the interaction between nanotube arrays and AFM tips. The coefficient of friction is determined at different load levels. The simulation shows that the low friction in the thick-wall CNT systems occurs because the stiffer CNTs are more resistant to collapse under the applied loads. The predictions for the coefficient of friction are consistent with nanoscale tests.
An Agenda for Normative Policy Analysis in the Study of Global Health Governance

While international health law was conceived as a means to protect independent state interests against global health threats, this paradigm of state power is increasingly being challenged by a new normative reality – with global health policy pursued as a means to realize a more just world. In seeking justice in an increasingly globalized world, norms are progressively framing global health governance. These norms for justice, collective understandings of ‘right’ and ‘wrong’, have become inherent in global health policy. Looking beyond calculations of state power interests in global health governance, legal scholars must not ignore the expanding influence of normative frameworks for justice in global health policy.
Ultraviolet Radiation Enhances the Toxicity of Deepwater Horizon Oil to Mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) Embryos

The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill resulted in the accidental release of millions barrels of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Photoinduced toxicity following coexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is one mechanism by which polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from oil spills may exert toxicity. Mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus), an important fishery resource, have positively buoyant, transparent eggs. These characteristics may result in mahi-mahi embryos being at particular risk from photoinduced toxicity. The goal of this study was to determine whether exposure to ultraviolet radiation as natural sunlight enhances the toxicity of crude oil to embryonic mahi-mahi. Mahi-mahi embryos were exposed to several dilutions of water accommodated fractions (WAF) from slick oil collected during the 2010 spill and gradations of natural sunlight in a fully factorial design. Here, we report that coexposure to natural sunlight and WAF significantly reduced percent hatch in mahi-mahi embryos. Effect concentrations of PAH in WAF were within the range of surface PAH concentrations reported in the Gulf of Mexico during the Deepwater Horizon spill. These data suggest that laboratory toxicity tests that do not include UV may underestimate the toxicity of oil spills to early lifestage fish species.
El golpe que no fue. Eduardo Frei, la Democracia Cristiana y la elección presidencial de 1970

espanolEste articulo relata los intentos no consumados de Eduardo Frei Montalva, algunos de sus ministros y otros miembros de la Democracia Cristiana por evitar que Salvador Allende fuese electo Presidente de la Republica por el Congreso Pleno en octubre de 1970. Estas intenciones fueron discutidas con el embajador estadounidense Edward Korry, pero la participacion norteamericana en los planes expuestos en este articulo fue marginal, lo cual da cuenta tanto de la importancia fundamental de los actores locales en una situacion relevante de la politica mundial de la Guerra Fria como de los limites del poder norteamericano. Los documentos diplomaticos estadounidenses de la epoca constituyen la fuente principal de este articulo. La informacion provista por estos documentos no ha sido explorada, analizada y expuesta sistematicamente por otros trabajos academicos basados en estas fuentes. Este articulo busca llenar un vacio existente en la abundante literatura sobre la eleccion presidencial chilena de 1970 que se ha basado en los documentos diplomaticos norteamericanos desclasificados a partir de 1999. EnglishThis essay tells the story of the unconsummated attempts of Eduardo Frei Montalva, some of his ministers and other members of the Christian Democratic Party to prevent the election of Salvador Allende as President of the Republic by the Congress in October of 1970. These intentions were discussed with the U.S. Ambassador Edward Korry, but U.S. participation in the plans described in this essay was marginal, which demonstrates the fundamental importance of the agency of local actors in a relevant situation within the international politics of the Cold War and the limits of American power. American diplomatic records of the time constitute the main source of this essay. The information provided by these records has not been explored, analyzed and exposed systematically by other academic works based on these sources. This essay, therefore, seeks to fill a void in the literature about the Chilean presidential election of 1970 based on the U.S. diplomatic records that have been declassified since 1999.
Bladder Pain Syndromes/Interstitial Cystitis and the Overactive Pelvic Floor

The Overactive Pelvic Floor (OPF) is a distressing condition, which occurs more frequently in female patients. Bladder Pain Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis (BPS/IC), a chronic inflammatory condition of the bladder, is also mainly observed in the female population, thus representing a gender-related disease.
Testing the resistance of polyethylene to water trees

For the past decade, water trees have been a subject of great interest to the utility industry. These unpredictable defects are perplexing in that while it has been rather easy to define the growth requirements of trees in insulation systems, it has been difficult to determine the effects of environmental parameters on the rate of tree growth.
Central American Pezizales. III. The Genus Phillipsia

Five species of Phillipsia Berk, are reported from Central America: P. domingensis, P. crispata, P. lutea, P. hartmannii, and P. costaricensis. Two of these, P. lutea and P. costaricensis, are new ...
Adaptive Controller System Design for Rocket-assisted Torpedo Program Trajectory

Aiming to solve the great random interfere and acuity change of dynamics parameters when the Rocket-assisted Torpedo(RT) flight in the air,a design method of adaptive control for RT control system was introduced in this paper.The Model Reference Adaptive Control theory of using the import and export quantum which is brought forward by Narendra was applied in the RT control system.Computer simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the system for overcoming the change of dynamic characteristic.The system achieves the higher control and guide precision and better anti-jamming capability.
Religion, Poverty, and Development

This article serves two purposes. First, it introduces the forum that follows in this issue on religion and development. Second, it serves as a review of the small but quickly growing literature on how religion interacts with efforts by (often religious) people and organizations to ameliorate poverty worldwide. We address the need to define both “religion” and “development” with clarity and precision. We also call for further research in this area by sociologists, particularly at a time when the landscape of development practice is shifting, from changes in funding sources and priorities to competition between religious and secular organizations.
The interplay between synuclein alpha, sphingolipids signaling and sirtuins in molecular mechanism of dopaminergic cells death in Parkinson Disease experimental model

A 50,000-60,000 new cases of Parkinson’s disease are diagnosed each year in the United States, adding to the one million people who currently have Parkinson’s. It has been estimated that 7-10 million people worldwide are living with Parkinson’s. The good news is that my diagnosis explains all of the health issues I’ve had for the past three years. The bad news is that I’ve been diagnosed with Parkinson’s. My symptoms are made better when I am not cold, not under undue stress, and have adequate sleep. My simple analogy about Parkinson’s and dopamine is like a car with a fuel tank leak. You constantly are low on fuel (dopamine) so you are always adding fuel back (dopamine agonist), yet you never have a full tank. My life now is balancing fuel consumption (use of a dopamine agonist plus remaining dopamine) with factors that accelerate dopamine (fuel) consumption. Everyone with Parkinson’s expresses his or her disease differently, it’s very unique, but I remain dedicated to slowing the progression. My strategy for treating Parkinson’s goes as follows: Dopamine Agonist; Isradipine; Complementary and Alternative Medicine (lots of supplements); Stretching and Exercise; Meditation; Deeptissue massage; LSVT Loud; LSVT Big; and playing Golf. For those of us with Parkinson’s, we remain hopeful for new treatments, advances and one day ahead, a cure. But for now, we use courage and determination, mixed with a will to survive, and all held together by glue we call hope. Overall, I’m doing my best navigating life with Parkinson’s
Expanding the Frame: Building Transnational Alliances for Racial and Educational Justice.

U.S. educational policymakers and equity advocates often frame the negative ramifications of racial inequality in schools in terms of worries about the nation's future global economic competitiveness. This article draws on frame theory (Snow & Benford, 1988) and education organizing theory (Warren & Mapp, 2011) to argue that educational policymakers and advocates must expand this national competitiveness frame to advance racial and educational justice. By outlining the emergence and reification of the national competitiveness frame in contemporary U.S. education policy, this article demonstrates how the national competitiveness frame can successfully build domestic alliances and create urgency for education reform. However, it can also risk co-opting racial justice goals. Further, this U.S.-centric frame ignores the global experience of racialization and educational injustice shared by marginalized groups around the world. The article closes by suggesting that educational equity advocates build on these t...
IMMIGRATION REFORM AS A MORAL QUESTION: ELITE AND NON-ELITE EVANGELICAL ATTITUDES OF IMMIGRATION REFORM IN THE U.S.A

The main goal of this paper is to examine how Evangelicals talk about the topic of immigration in the U.S.A. in an online forum. This investigation centers on an analysis of the twenty-nine magazine articles and online blogs from the magazine Christianity Today addressing immigration between January 2007 - September 2012 as well as the four hundred ninety five written online comments in response to these articles. The examination illustrates that while the responses to the articles demonstrated a range of opinion, the percentage of readers’ comments sympathetic towards undocumented immigrants has increased since 2009. Respondents questioned the authority and statements of elites. Nevertheless, the majority of posters showed respect for the other commentators and acknowledged differences of opinion and interpretation within the online context.
Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a Persian cat

Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH) and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) are rare causes of primary pulmonary hypertension in humans, and, in 2016, were reported in dogs. A 1-y-old, neutered male Persian cat was presented for autopsy after sudden death several hours after grooming. Grossly, the lungs were mottled red-to-pink, contained rubbery-to-firm nodular foci, and there was moderate-to-marked left-sided cardiomegaly and left atrial dilation, consistent with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Microscopically, there was multifocal to regionally extensive capillary proliferation within pulmonary alveolar septa and around respiratory bronchioles, with nodular aggregates of densely arranged capillaries that replaced pulmonary alveolar spaces. Rare occlusive venous remodeling was identified in Verhoeff-van Gieson-stained sections. The gross and microscopic changes were consistent with PCH with rare features of PVOD. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was interpreted as potentially contributing to the cause of death, but unrelated to the pulmonary vascular proliferation.
Stability of Cacopsylla pyricola (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) Populations in Pacific Northwest Pear Orchards Managed with Long-Term Mating Disruption for Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).

This study focused on conservation biological control of pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola, in the Pacific Northwest, USA. We hypothesized that insecticides applied against the primary insect pest, codling moth Cydia pomonella, negatively impact natural enemies of pear psylla, thus causing outbreaks of this secondary pest. Hence, the objective of this study was to understand how codling moth management influences the abundance of pear psylla and its natural enemy complex in pear orchards managed under long-term codling moth mating disruption programs. We conducted this study within a pear orchard that had previously been under seasonal mating disruption for codling moth for eight years. We replicated two treatments, “natural enemy disrupt” (application of two combination sprays of spinetoram plus chlorantraniliprole timed against first-generation codling moth) and “natural enemy non-disrupt” four times in the orchard. Field sampling of psylla and natural enemies (i.e., lacewings, coccinellids, spiders, Campylomma verbasci, syrphid flies, earwigs) revealed that pear psylla populations remained well below treatment thresholds all season despite the reduced abundance of key pear psylla natural enemies in the natural enemy disrupt plots compared with the non-disrupt treatment. We speculate that pear psylla are difficult to disrupt when pear orchards are under long-term codling moth disruption.
Opioid Receptor Signal Transduction Mechanisms

The myriad functions of morphine and its congeners are the consequences of the drug interacting with the three opioid receptors. In order to develop a perfect analgesic compound that mediates its function via these receptors, the mechanisms by which signaling occurs and the regulation of the signals must be fully elucidated. Since opioid receptors are members of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, many of their signaling processes mimic those of other GPCRs. However, it is apparent from recent proteomic and other studies that opioid receptors, similar to several GPCRs in the rhodopsin subfamily, exist in signaling complexes. These signaling complexes include the oligomerization of the opioid receptors with each other, with other GPCRs, or with other cellular proteins, such as β-arrestin or regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) that could alter or modulate the final receptor signals. In addition, accumulating evidence points to the presence of an agonist-selective signaling process with the opioid receptors. In this chapter, we will review the classical signaling mechanisms of opioid receptors, the various effectors that are regulated by opioid receptors, and their possible roles in the in vivo functions of drugs, and cellular regulators that could influence the amplitude and duration of the signals. We will examine recent data that support the existence of opioid receptor signaling complexes, or “receptosomes,” in the transduction of opioid receptor signals. Finally, evidence for ligand-selective signaling and its implication in future drug development will be discussed.
Software Defined Radio Testbed Setup and Experimentation

Software Defined Radio (SDR) can move the complicated signal processing and handling procedures involved in communications from radio equipment into computer software. Consequently, SDR equipment could consist of only a few chips connected to an antenna. In this paper, we present an implemented SDR testbed, which consists of four complete SDR nodes. Using the designed testbed, we have conducted two case studies. The first is designed to facilitate video transmission via adaptive LTE links. Our experimental results demonstrate that adaptive LTE link video transmission could reduce the bandwidth usage for data transmission. In the second case study, we perform UE location estimation by leveraging the signal strength from nearby cell towers, pertinent to various applications, such as public safety and disaster rescue scenarios where GPS (Global Position System) is not available (e.g., indoor environment). Our experimental results show that it is feasible to accurately derive the location of a UE (User Equipment) by signal strength. In addition, we design a Hardware In the Loop (HIL) simulation environment using the Vienna LTE simulator, srsLTE library, and our SDR testbed. We develop a software wrapper to connect the Vienna LTE simulator to our SDR testbed via the srsLTE library. Our experimental results demonstrate the comparative performance of simulated UEs and eNodeBs against real SDR UEs and eNodeBs, as well as how a simulated environment can interact with a real-world implementation.
Clearcut Persuasion? Audience Cognition of Mediated Environmental Advertising through the Lens of the Elaboration Likelihood Model

Through the theoretical lens of Petty and Cacioppo’s Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) and using the case of Oregon Wild and its campaign against clear-cut logging on public lands, this study explores the impact of media coverage of contentious activist advertising on audiences. A survey with experimental conditions measures attitudes of audiences exposed to this interplay of advocacy communication. The study assesses partiality toward the sponsor organization, a willingness by the target audience to act on its behalf, and an understanding of the central environmental issue. Differences between gender in reception of the campaign and coverage also are examined. By examining the interplay of social advertising, news media, and audiences, this study highlights a dynamic, social psychological stream of public interest communications.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE EDGE EFFECTS NEAR A HEATED HORIZONTAL PLATE IN AN AMBIENT FLUID

This study is an experimental investigation of the transient transport near the edges of a suddenly heated horizontal surface in an extensive ambient fluid at room temperature. The results include observations and conclusions regarding the transport near the edge of a heated horizontal flat surface, without side walls, facing upwards or downwards, subjected to a step in surface energy generation. Qualitative information (video tapes of Schlieren flow visualizations) was gathered for a wide range of conditions.
Benefits and Pitfalls of Point-of-Care Coagulation Testing for Anticoagulation Management: An ACLPS Critical Review.

Objectives Point-of-care (POC) testing is generally less precise and has higher reagent costs per test than laboratory-based assays. However, POC hemostasis testing can offer significant advantages in particular situations: patient-managed warfarin therapy as well as rapid turnaround time heparin management for intraoperative patients. Of note, POC hemostasis testing is generally approved for the purposes of anticoagulation monitoring and is inferior to laboratory coagulation testing for the diagnosis of congenital or acquired coagulopathy. Methods The frequently used POC coagulation instruments for POC international normalized ratio and activated clotting time are reviewed, as well as their typical performance relative to central laboratory testing (where available). Results Several cases are discussed that highlight the benefits, as well as pitfalls, of POC coagulation testing. Conclusions POC coagulation testing for anticoagulation monitoring offers advantages in particular situations. Clear policies and protocols must be developed to guide proper use of POC versus central laboratory hemostasis testing.