cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cellular pharmacology of the partially non-cross-resistant anthracycline annamycin entrapped in liposomes in KB and KB-V1 cells

The in vitro cytotoxicity, cellular pharmacology, and DNA lesions induced by the lipophilic anthracycline annamycin (Ann) were studied in KB and KB-V1 (multidrug-resistant) cells. Ann was tested in suspension in saline and 10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO: final concentration, 0.05%–0.5%) or entrapped in multilamellar liposomes (median size, 1.57 μm). Doxorubicin (Dox) was about twice as cytotoxic as Ann or liposome-entrapped Ann (L-Ann) against KB cells. Both Ann and L-Ann displayed a partial lack of cross-resistance with Dox (resistance indices: >60 for Dox, 4.7 for Ann, 4.0 for L-Ann). Accumulation of Ann in KB and KB-V1 cells was consistently about 2–3 and 10–20 times higher, respectively, than that of Dox. Cellular retention of Ann in KB and KB-V1 cells was about 2 and 30 times higher, respectively, than that of Dox as a result of the different efflux patterns of the two drugs: Dox was not effluxed from KB cells but was significantly effluxed from KB-V1 cells (66% at 1 h. whereas Ann efflux was similar in both cell lines (about 50% at 1 h). Dox retention in KB-V1 cells was increased by a factor of 2 in the presence of verapamil or cyclosporine A, but Ann retention was not. In addition, accumulation of Dox in KB-V1 cells was enhanced by the metabolic inhibitor deoxyglucose/azide and the membrane carboxylic ionophore monensin, whereas accumulation of Ann was not affected by either agent. All these findings indicate significant differences in the cellular transmembrane transport systems between Dox and Ann and suggest that Ann efflux is not mediated by P-glycoprotein. Liposome entrapment reduced by a factor of 1.3–2.0 the cellular accumulation of Ann without affecting its cytotoxicity. As compared with Dox, both Ann and L-Ann induced 3 times more DNA double-and single-strand breaks in KB cells. In KB-V1 cells, Dox did not induce DNA damage, whereas the extent of DNA breaks induced by both Ann and L-Ann was similar to that induced by Dox in KB cells. Our results indicate (1) that the lack of cross-resistance between Ann and Dox is associated with a markedly enhanced accumulation and retention of Ann in KB-V1 cells and (2) that the type of liposomes used does not significantly affect the cellular effects of Ann.
pH modulation of the kinetics of rabbit jejunal, brush-border folate transport.

In jejunal brush-border membrane vesicles, an outwardly directed OH− gradient (in>out) stimulates DIDS-sensitive, saturable folate (F) uptake (Schron, C.M. 1985.J. Clin. Invest. 76:2030–2033), suggesting carrier-mediated folate: OH− exchange (or phenomenologically indistinguishable H+: folate cotransport). In the present study, the precise role of pH in the transport process was elucidated by examining F uptake at varying pH. For pH gradients of identical magnitude, F uptake (0.1 μM) was greater at lower (pHint/pHext: 5.5/4.5) compared with higher (6.5/5.5) pH ranges. In the absence of a pH gradient, internal Ftrans stimulated DIDS-sensitive3H-folate uptake only at pH≤6.0. Since stepwise increments ininternal pH (4.5→7.5; pHext=4.5) stimulated F uptake, an inhibitory effect of higherinternal pH was excluded. In contrast, with increasing external pH (4.35→6.5; pHint=7.8), a 50-fold decrement in F uptake was observed (H+ K m =12.8±1.2 μM). Hill plots of these data suggest involvement of at least one H+ (OH−) at low pH (monovalent F− predominates) and at least 2 H+ (OH−) at high pH (divalent F−2 predominates). Since an inside-negative electrical potential did not affect F uptake at either pHext 4.55 or 5.8, transport of F− and F−2 is electroneutral. Kinetic parameters for F− and F−2 were calculated from uptake data at pHext 4.55 and 5.0. Comparison of predictedvs. experimentally determined kinetic parameters at pHext5.8 (K m =1.33vs. 1.70 μM;V max=123.8vs. 58.0 pmol/mg prot min) suggest that increasing external pH lowers theV max, but does not affect theK m for carrier-mediated F transport. These data are consistent with similarK i ' s for sulfasalazine (competitive inhibitor) at pHext 5.35 and 5.8 (64.7 and 58.5 μM, respectively). In summary, the jejunal F carrier mediates electroneutral transport of mono- and divalent F and is sensitive to external pH with a H+ K m (or OH− lC50) corresponding to pH 4.89. External pH effects theV max, but not theK m for carriermediated F uptake suggesting a reaction mechanism involving a ternary complex between the outward-facing conformation of the carrier and the transported ions (F and either OH− or H+),rather than competitive binding that is mutually exclusive.
Corticotectal and other corticofugal projections in neonatal cat

Adult physiological properties of cat superior colliculus cells develop gradually during the first two months of life. Since many of the neuronal properties in the adult cat appear to depend upon the integrity of visual cortex, it was postulated that the maturation of superior colliculus cells is, in large part, a reflection of corticotectal maturation. An attempt was made to study the development of the corticotectal pathway with the autoradiographic tracing technique. Injections of [3H-]leucine were made in the visual cortex of kittens 6 h to 12 days of age and animals were sacrificed 20–24 h later. A dense projection from visual cortex to the superior colliculus and to the lateral geniculate nucleus was noted in all animals. Both projections appeared to be topographically organized. In addition, cortical projections to the lateral posterior-pulvinar region and sparse projection to the contralateral visual cortex were noted. Two, non-mutually exclusive, explanations for the presence of a corticotectal pathway in the absence of mature cell properties in the superior colliculus are most apparent: (a) corticotectal synapses are incompletely formed at birth and require many weeks to develop, and (b) corticotectal cells are immature during early postnatal life and cannot impress adult-like characteristics upon the superior colliculus cells until they, themselves, ‘mature’.
Freud’s Wolf Man: A Case of Successful Religious Sublimation

This article focuses on Freud’s view that the case of Sergei Pankejeff, commonly known as Wolf Man, is an example of an unsuccessful religious sublimation. Freud focuses on the efforts by Sergei’s mother and his nurse to educate him in the Christian faith. He points out that, although these efforts were successful in making him into a piously religious boy, they contributed to the repression of his sexual attraction to his father, the arrest of his psychosexual development, and to an obsessional neurosis reflected in blasphemous thoughts and compulsive acts of religious piety. The authors suggest, however, that there was one feature of his early religious behavior that reflected a successful religious sublimation and explain why it was successful. They conclude that even small children may experience a successful religious sublimation.
Water resources in the People's Republic of China: Control and management

Abstract This paper focuses on the subject of water as a resource in the PRC, specifically on a number of China's principle sources of water. Recent projects to control and manage water supplies, primarily unruly rivers and streams, are discussed. Although over the past four decades in the PRC, there has been national effort to protect against drought and flood, much more remains to be done.
Product study of the photolysis of ketene and ethyl ethynyl ether at 193.3 nm.

The product distributions of the excimer laser photolysis of ketene (CH2CO) and ethyl ethynyl ether (C2H5OCCH) at λ = 193.3 nm (ArF) were studied using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) as an analytical tool. Ketene was photolyzed in bath gases consisting of mixtures of He and H2/D2 at various mixing ratios at constant total pressures of 4 Torr and temperature of about 300 K. Singlet methylene (1CH2) produced in the photolysis of ketene was almost instantaneously converted either to triplet methylene (3CH2) or to methyl radicals in collisions with He and H2 or D2. By extrapolating the methyl and methylene signals to zero time after photolysis, initial concentrations of these radicals were obtained. Analyzing the initial 3CH2 and CH3 concentrations as functions of hydrogen-to-helium ratios as well as simulating the observed traces of reactant and product species resulted in 1CH2 + CO (66 ± 8)%, as the main product channel of the ketene photolysis with smaller contributions from HCCO + H (17 ± 7)% ...
The Single Slice Method for Measurement of Axisymmetric Residual Stresses in Solid Rods or Hollow Cylinders in the Region of Plane Strain

A new method is presented for the measurement of axisymmetric residual stresses in a solid rod or hollow cylinder in the region which is in a state of plane strain. The experimental procedure involves, first, making a complete transverse cut, normal to the axis of the part in the region which is initially in plane strain. Next, a number of strain gages are mounted on one of the faces produced by the first cut. A second transverse cut, parallel to the first, is then made to remove a thin slice containing the strain gages. It is shown that the change in strain gage readings due to removal of the slice may be used to deduce the axial stress in plane strain at the location of the first cut. The hoop stresses in the thin slice, which is in a state of plane stress, are readily obtained from the “crack compliance” procedure which we have described in earlier work. From this information and the initial axial stress in plane strain it is shown that the initial hoop and radial stresses in plane strain may be determined. The method is validated by obtaining the stresses in a water quenched rod which are shown to be in excellent agreement with those measured using a different experimental approach. Since the method does not require the measurement to be carried out on the original rod or cylinder, it allows the original residual stresses to be measured from a fractured shaft by making a slice near the plane of the fracture if the fracture is dominated by elastic deformation.
Effects of chronic low-level PAH contamination on soil invertebrate communities

Soils containing low levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were collected from an abandoned industrial site. A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of these contaminants on soil invertebrates representing three levels of ecological hierarchy: the microfauna, mesofauna, and macrofauna. Nematodes were studied as representatives of the soil microfauna, microarthropods as representatives of the mesofauna, and earthworms as representatives of the macrofauna. Six sample plots representing a gradient of PAH contamination ranging from 5.28 to 80.46 mg/kg total PAHs were evaluated. Nematode community structure, including abundance and diversity of trophic and taxonomic groups; the total abundance of microarthropods (orders Collembola and Acarina); and earthworm (Eisenia andrei) growth were evaluated. Multiple regression analyses were used to evaluate trends in the responses of these target organisms to PAH concentrations and habitat variability. Abundance of omnivore/predator nematodes and microarthropod order Collembola; nematode taxonomic diversity; and the percent difference in earthworm weights exhibited positive associations with PAH concentrations. Total abundance of microarthropod order Acarina was negatively associated with PAH concentrations.
Pre-Hispanic agricultural decline prior to the Spanish Conquest in southern Central America

Abstract Archeological and paleoenvironmental records from southern Central America attribute population collapse to the Spanish Conquest about 500 years ago. Paleoclimate records from the circum-Caribbean have shown evidence of severe, regional droughts that contributed to the collapse of the Mayan Civilization, but there are few records of these droughts in southern Central America and no records of their effects on prehistoric populations in the region. Here we present a high-resolution lake sediment record of prehistoric agricultural activities using bulk sediment stable carbon isotopes from Laguna Zoncho, Costa Rica. We find isotopic evidence that agriculture was nearly absent from the watershed approximately 220 years prior to the Spanish arrival in Costa Rica and identify two distinct periods of agricultural decline, 1150–970 and 860–640 cal yr BP, which correspond to severe droughts in central Mexico. We attribute decreases in agriculture to a weakened Central American monsoon, which would have shortened the growing season at Laguna Zoncho, reduced crop yields, and negatively affected prehistoric populations.
Relative timing of tropical storm lifetime maximum intensity and track recurvature

An intriguing picture is emerging of coupled track and intensity links in tropical cyclones. Since recurvature represents a dramatic track shift, recurving tropical storms are isolated in this study and their time of maximum lifetime intensity is compared to their time of recurvature. Thirty-one percent of all western North Pacific tropical storms and 28% of all such storms in North Atlantic recurve. Seventeen years of track and intensity data for recurving tropical cyclones in these basins are examined here.
Characteristics of mercury desorption from sorbents at elevated temperatures

Abstract This study investigated the dynamic desorption characteristics of mercury during the thermal treatment of mercury-loaded sorbents at elevated temperatures under fixed-bed operations. Experiments were carried out in a 25.4 mm ID quartz bed enclosed in an electric furnace. Elemental mercury and mercuric chloride were tested with activated carbon and bauxite. The experimental results indicated that mercury desoption from sorbents was strongly affected by the desorption temperature and the mercury–sorbent pair. Elemental mercury was observed to desorb faster than mercuric chloride and activated carbon appeared to have higher desorption limits than bauxite at low temperatures. A kinetic model considering the mechanisms of surface equilibrium, pore diffusion and external mass transfer was proposed to simulate the observed desorption profiles. The model was found to describe reasonably well the experimental results.
Addressing a Growing Community’s Health Needs: Project SAHNA (South Asian Health Needs Assessment)

Limited data and research is available on the health issues faced by the South Asian population, especially for those living in the Washington, DC metropolitan area. Online and in-person surveys were administered to a convenience sample (n = 709) of South Asians living in the metropolitan Washington DC region. The survey gathered information on socio-demographics and acculturation; health care access and utilization; sources of health information; perceptions of community health; physical activity and smoking. While over 70 % of participants had a routine physical exam in the last 12 months, foreign born and less acculturated adults were less likely to have had a routine visit in the last 12 months. Internet (76.9 %) and physicians (76.1 %) are key sources of health information for South Asians. Only 29 % of South Asians are engaging in the recommended amount of physical activity per week. The results of this study provide guidance for future work in addressing the health and well-being of South Asian communities in the United States.
Depressive Symptoms and Birth Outcomes among Pregnant Teenagers

Study Objective Few studies have examined the effects of maternal depressive symptoms among adolescent women. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of depressive symptoms on birth outcomes of infants born to adolescent mothers.
Corrosion inhibitor studies in large flow loop at high temperature and high pressure

Abstract The performance of an imidazoline based inhibitor for carbon steel in a large diameter flow loop system with saltwater–oil two-phase flow under 90°C and 300 psi was studied by electrochemical impedance spectrum technique. It is found that the corrosion resistance is increased when the inhibitor is added in the solution. Experimental results show that the Warburg impedance coefficient, σ , and the charge transfer resistance, R t , increase with increase in exposure time until 8 h and then become stable. It is suggested that, before 8 h, the inhibitor film becomes more compact at longer exposure time. After 8 h, a stable inhibitor film is reached. From this work, it is also found that the values of σ and R t measured in the solution containing 100 ppm inhibitor is not significantly different from those in the solution containing 50 ppm. This fact implies that increase in inhibitor concentration from 50 to 100 ppm does not give a good performance of inhibitor and a high corrosion resistance.
Biologically inspired structural diagnostics through beamforming with phased transducer arrays

This paper discusses research in the use of biologically inspired spatial phased transducer arrays for the nondestructive evaluation of homogeneous and heterogeneous structural components. It is shown that beamforming, which is used by orb web spiders to locate their prey in a network of web fibers, can be achieved by applying weights and time delays to the tapped signals from a transducer array in a narrow frequency band to obtain desired directional sensitivities and optimal array gains. The resulting spatio-temporal filters are then used to detect, locate and quantify structural damage. The theory of beamsteering and beamforming for processing propagating wave data in damaged elastic media is discussed. Experimental results for homogeneous and heterogeneous plates are given to verify the theoretical discussions. Design considerations for the phased arrays are examined as are the benefits of nonlinear array geometries for better spatial coverage. The advantage of using adaptive over conventional beamforming is demonstrated with a Frost Constraint adaptive technique.
Separate Factors in Phytohaem-agglutinin induce Lymphotoxin, Interferon and Nucleic Acid Synthesis

PHYTOHAEMAGGLUTININ (PHA) has many different biological activities, for example, erythroagglutination1, leucoagglutination1, stimulation of RNA and DNA synthesis1 and induction of interferon1 and lymphotoxin (LT)2. We demonstrate here that the induction of interferon and lymphotoxin by PHA is caused by factors separate from those stimulating nucleic acid synthesis.
A comparison of brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation using upper and lower arm arterial occlusion in subjects with and without coronary risk factors.

Background: The ultrasound assessment of brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation provides a noninvasive means for measuring endothelial function. The test is performed using either upper or lower arm blood pressure cuff arterial occlusion to induce hyperemia. Upper arm occlusion produces a greater hyperemic stimulus. Brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation is abnormal in the presence of coronary risk factors. Hypothesis: The study sought to compare the ability of the upper and lower arm occlusion techniques to differentiate endothelial function in subjects with and without risk factors. Methods: We measured brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation in 20 subjects, 10 without and 10 with a single risk factor (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, or cigarette smoking) using both the upper and lower arm occlusion techniques (5 min blood pressure cuff occlusion). Using 11 MHz ultrasound, Doppler blood flow velocities were measured before and immediately after cuff deflation. Brachial artery vasodilation was measured 1 min after cuff deflation, compared with baseline, and expressed as a percent increase. Results: The immediately postocclusion hyperemia (% increase in flow) was significantly greater (p<0.01) using the upper versus the lower arm technique in both the normal (530 ± 152 vs. 383 ± 51 %) and the risk factor (583 ± 153 vs. 409 ± 114%) groups. Row-mediated vasodilation was significantly greater (p < 0.01) using the upper arm versus the lower arm occlusion technique in both the normal (13.4 ± 5.3 vs. 5.6 ± 3.4%) and risk factor (7.9 ± 3.6 vs. 3.9 ± 2.2%) groups. Vasodilation was significantly greater (p < 0.01) in the normal subjects than in the risk factor subjects (13.4 ± 5.3 vs. 7.9 ± 3.6%) using the upper arm technique, but was not statistically different in the two groups using the lower arm technique. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that upper arm compared with lower arm cuff occlusion undertaken to induce hyperemia for the assessment of brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation results in significantly greater hyperemia and vasodilation. Flow-mediated vasodilation obtained using the upper arm technique better separates subjects with and without coronary risk factors.
Kelvin transforms and harmonic polynomials on the Heisenberg group

Abstract An analogue of the classical Kelvin transform is defined for functions on the Heisenberg group. It is shown that this transform preserves the class of functions annihilated by the left-invariant sublaplacian. As an application, Maxwell's classical construction of the harmonic polynomials is generalized to the Heisenberg group.
Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in children born with gastroschisis: the tiebreaker.

Abstract Purpose We evaluated 2-year neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with gastroschisis. Methods We reviewed the records of children with gastroschisis treated between August 2001 and July 2008. Children discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit were referred to the state-sponsored Developmental Tracking Infant Progress Statewide (TIPS) program. We reviewed TIPS assessments performed before age 2 years. School districts evaluated children referred by TIPS and determined their eligibility for early intervention services. Poor outcomes were defined as scores of "failure" or "moderate/high risk" on the screening assessment or enrollment in early intervention services by 2 years. Children with gastroschisis were compared with case-matched nonsurgical, nonsyndromic children of similar gestational age and birth weight. Results One hundred five children were born with gastroschisis, and 46 were followed up with TIPS. There was no statistically significant difference in performance on screening assessments or in the rate of enrollment in early intervention services between the gastroschisis children and controls. Conclusions Children born with gastroschisis have similar 2-year neurodevelopmental outcomes as nonsurgical, nonsyndromic neonatal intensive care unit children of similar gestational age and birth weight. Both groups of children have a higher rate of enrollment in early intervention than their healthy peers. These data suggest that neurodevelopmental outcomes in gastroschisis children are delayed secondary to prematurity rather than the presence of the surgical disease.
Searching for More General Weight Conjectures, Using the Symmetric Group as an Example

Abstract Let k be a field of characteristic p , and let S n be the symmetric group of degree n . Assume that n p . Let A be the centralizer in kS n of kS n − 1 . We find all simple A -modules, and relate the number of non-projective simple A -modules to p -local information.
Determination of elongation of fatty acids.

Abstract 1. 1. A RSACA technique has been developed and found useful in the study of the amount of contribution of fatty acid elongation vs. de novo synthesis. 2. 2. The limitations of this technique were determined by the use of authentic chemically and enzymically prepared fatty acids with 14 C in different positions. 3. 3. Hydrogenation prior to Schmidt degration was determined to be essential for samples rich in unsaturated fatty acids. 4. 4. Tables were calculated for interpretation of data obtained by this RSACA technique, taking into consideration the size of the precursors and length of the final fatty acids.
Consequences of “one dimensional” electron energy bands☆

Abstract Recently a “one-dimensional” band hypothesis was invoked to explain giant low temperature specific heats in (Ti 2 O 3 ) x (V 2 O 3 ) 1− x , 0.9 ⩽ x ⩽ 1.0. We discuss the consequences of “one-dimensionality” and show that, for Ti 2 O 3 , theory and resistivity experiments do not support this hypothesis.
Dubious liaisons: A review of Alvin Goldman's Liaisons: Philosophy meets the cognitive and social sciences

Abstract Alvin Goldman's recent collection (Goldman, 1992) includes many of the important and seminal contributions made by him over the last three decades to epistemology, philosophy of mind, and analytic metaphysics. Goldman is an acknowledged leader in efforts to put material from cognitive and social science to good philosophical use. This is the “liaison” which Goldman takes his own work to exemplify and advance. Yet the essays contained in Liaisons chart an important evolution in Goldman's own views about the relation between philosophy and empirical inquiry. Goldman raises, if only unwittingly, the question of what philosophy per se contributes to the encounter. The way in which Goldman's work problematizes the claim that philosophy forms a working liaison with the cognitive and social sciences is revealed by examining two sets of distinctions prominent in Goldman's analyses in this volume. I trace how each pair of terms—philosophy versus science, individual versus social—is used by Goldman and sug...
With urine-based screening, do sexually active adolescent girls still need annual pelvic examinations? Yes: pelvic examination continues to play a key role.

The pelvic examination is a fundamental component of reproductive health care services for sexually active adolescent girls. Those who propose that routine pelvic examinations are now unnecessary—because infection with N gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia can be diagnosed using urine specimens—are overlooking several issues critical to young women's health. First, external genital and speculum examinations are often required to diagnose asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections. Adolescents frequently do not recognize signs and symptoms of genital herpes, condylomata, and syphilis, which may present as vulvar, vaginal, or cervical lesions. Trichomoniasis causes substantial morbidity but is often asymptomatic and requires a vaginal swab for diagnosis. Insufficient data exist regarding the quality of self-collected specimens in adolescents, and many adolescents are intensely uncomfortable self-inserting a swab. If these infections go undiagnosed, a crucial opportunity to provide prevention counseling, treat infections, and prevent transmission to sexual partners is missed. Second, a speculum examination is necessary to obtain a Papanicolaou smear. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is highly prevalent in adolescents.1 Many adolescents who were infected at a young age through vertical transmission or sexual abuse are at risk for cervical dysplasia, and the overall prevalence of abnormalities on Papanicolaou smears is as high in adolescent as in adult women and is probably rising.2,3 Instead of discontinuing cytologic screening, we should develop primary prevention initiatives and innovative strategies that enable providers to predict which adolescents are likely to develop progressive cervical dysplasia so as to avoid unnecessary Papanicolaou smears and colposcopy. Third, the pelvic examination provides a valuable opportunity to educate adolescents about their reproductive anatomy and to teach and reinforce preventive gynecologic health care practices that may prevent morbidity and mortality throughout life. Trusted primary care physicians are in the optimal position to provide this education. Although the examination engenders embarrassment and fear in some adolescents, this certainly does not justify not performing an important preventive health service. Instead, we should focus on teaching health care professionals the communication and technical skills necessary to demonstrate respect and perform a comfortable examination. Many medical organizations dedicated to adolescent and young women's health have developed guidelines stating that sexually active adolescents should receive routine pelvic examinations. The recommendation to eliminate them sends the harmful message that we do not value reproductive health care services for adolescent girls. Instead, we should be advocating strongly for the specific needs of adolescent girls in current debates about the allocation of preventive care resources.
Heart failure outcomes and benefits of NT-proBNP-guided management in the elderly: results from the prospective, randomized ProBNP outpatient tailored chronic heart failure therapy (PROTECT) study.

Abstract Background Elderly patients with heart failure (HF) have a worse prognosis than younger patients. We wished to study whether elders benefit from natriuretic peptide-guided HF care in this single-center study. Methods and Results A total of 151 patients with HF resulting from left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) were treated with HF treatment by standard-of-care (SOC) management or guided by N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) values (with a goal to lower NT-proBNP ≤1000 pg/mL) over 10 months. The primary end point for this post-hoc analysis was total cardiovascular events in 2 age categories ( P = .01), but decreased in the NT-proBNP–guided arm (2664 to 1418 pg/mL, P = .001). Elderly patients treated with SOC management had the highest rate of cardiovascular events, whereas the elderly with NT-proBNP management had the lowest rate of cardiovascular events (1.76 events per patient versus 0.71 events per patient, P = .03); the adjusted logistic odds for cardiovascular events related to NT-proBNP–guided care for elders was 0.24 ( P = .008), whereas in those P = .10). Conclusions Natriuretic peptide–guided HF care was well tolerated and resulted in substantial improvement in cardiovascular event rates in elders (Clinical Trials.Gov #00351390).
Research vital to economic growth.

It was with a mixture of astonishment and dismay that I watched as the U.S. House of Representatives approved H.R. 1, a bill to fund the federal government for the rest of the 2011 fiscal year. Left intact, the massive cuts in research contained in the bill passed on 19 February would effectively end America's legendary status as the leader of the worldwide scientific community, putting the United States at a distinct disadvantage when competing with other nations in the global marketplace. Other countries, such as China and India, are increasing their funding of scientific research because they understand its critical role in spurring technological advances and other innovations. If the United States is to compete in the global economy, it too must continue to invest in research programs.
Creation and characterization of BAC-transgenic mice with physiological overexpression of epitope-tagged RCAN1 (DSCR1)

The chromosome 21 gene RCAN1, encoding a modulator of the calcineurin (CaN) phosphatase, is a candidate gene for contributing to cognitive disability in people with Down syndrome (DS; trisomy 21). To develop a physiologically relevant model for studying the biochemistry of RCAN1 and its contribution to DS, we generated bacterial artificial chromosome-transgenic (BAC-Tg) mouse lines containing the human RCAN1 gene with a C-terminal HA-FLAG epitope tag incorporated by recombineering. The BAC-Tg was expressed at levels only moderately higher than the native Rcan1 gene: approximately 1.5-fold in RCAN1BAC-Tg1 and twofold in RCAN1BAC-Tg2. Affinity purification of the RCAN1 protein complex from brains of these mice revealed a core complex of RCAN1 with CaN, glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta (Gsk3b), and calmodulin, with substoichiometric components, including LOC73419. The BAC-Tg mice are fully viable, but long-term synaptic potentiation is impaired in proportion to BAC-Tg dosage in hippocampal brain slices from these mice. RCAN1 can act as a tumor suppressor in some systems, but we found that the RCAN1 BAC-Tg did not reduce mammary cancer growth when present at a low copy number in Tp53;WAP-Cre mice. This work establishes a useful mouse model for investigating the biochemistry and dose-dependent functions of the RCAN1 protein in vivo.
André Breton's and Eugène Atget's Valentines

The product of an amusing or unusual event, an anecdote will be repeated both orally and in print. Its reliability and value as evidence or historical fact is, however, almost always suspect, which the study of multiple versions of single anecdotes confirms: chronology, places, major and minor characters, and so on, almost never fail to change in major and minor ways in the retelling (Sailer 74-78). Even though the anecdote's other most salient feature is its oral transmission, most studies, for obvious reasons, draw on published accountsfrom the tablets of antiquity to the ephemeral newspaperto verify its unreliability. That is not to say that a keen awareness of its origin in speech does not also work itself into examinations of the anecdote; no treatment of the anecdote can dispense with the word's etymology as "unpublished news" without giving it its due. Oral narratives spring not only from a need for entertainment but also from the exercise of unauthorized free speech. As untrustworthy as they are insidious when spread as gossip, anecdotes lack authority yet exemplify free speech, which circulates in opposition to institutional and published forms of repression (Fenves 154-5).1 I will examine this paradox in the context of modernist experiments with the anecdote that take a turn toward the visual in photographs. The photograph documents the contingent real of the narrative at the same time that it withholds the story or, figuratively speaking, unpublishes the narrative. As the basis on which a memory is often recounted, it is a surviving, merely anecdotal sign of oral storytelling. Beginning with one major engagement with anecdotes and photographs in Andre Breton's work, I will trace my way back to what I consider to be the surrealist's elusive precursor: Eugene Atget and his 1910 views of Parisian interiors. Each strikes up an amorous dialogue with an anekdota, the feminine noun in Greek meaning a woman not (an-) given out (ek-dota)
Subchronic toxicity, metabolism, and pharmacokinetics of the aminobenzamide anticonvulsant ameltolide (LY201116) in rhesus monkeys.

Abstract Studies were undertaken to define the subchronic toxicologic profile of ameltolide, an aminobenzamide anticonvulsant, in young adult rhesus monkeys. Daily doses of ameltolide, dissolved in 10% aqueous acacia, were administered orally via nasogastric intubation at dosages of 5, 10, 20, 45, and 100 mg/kg. Deaths occurred in two monkeys, one each at 45 and 100 mg/kg, which were directly attributable to the effects of the compound. The exact cause of death in these monkeys was not readily apparent. A third monkey (100 mg/kg) was killed moribund on Day 82 of the study due to conditions not directly related to treatment. Clinical signs in monkeys treated with 100 mg/kg included convulsions, diarrhea, weakness, inappetance, vomition, and ataxia. Plasma concentrations of the N-acetyl metabolite of ameltolide were greater than parent drug concentrations by one to two orders of magnitude. Mean area under the plasma-time curve (AUC) values for ameltolide were larger than expected at doses of 20 mg/kg or greater, while AUC values for the metabolite were less than expected at 45 and 100 mg/kg. These findings suggest a saturation of metabolism and/or excretion at the two higher doses. Similar nonlinearity was seen with mean peak concentrations for both parent and metabolite. No specific target organ toxicity was found on histological evaluation of tissue sections. Methemoglobin concentration was increased in monkeys given 45 or 100 mg ameltolide/kg. This change was not considered to be toxicologically important as there were no coroborative clinical, gross, or histopathological findings. Ameltolide administered by nasogastric intubation at doses up to 20 mg/kg/day for 3 months did not cause any toxicologically important alterations in rhesus monkeys.
Pathways from Acculturation Stress to Negative Friend Associations Among Latino Adolescents

The purpose of this study was to examine factors that contribute to the development of friendships for Latino adolescents. Of particular interest are the roles played by acculturation stress, family relationships, and adolescent mental health problems. Path analysis was completed using longitudinal data from 286 Latino adolescents living in North Carolina and Arizona. Results of the analysis suggest that indicators of acculturation stress influence family relationships, which in turn affects adolescent mental health problems and negative friend associations. Parent–adolescent conflict and externalizing problems were the most significant mediators of this relationship. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
A DYNAMIC DECOUPLING METHOD FOR CONTROLLING HIGH PERFORMANCE TURBOFAN ENGINES

Abstract A new dynamic decoupling method is proposed for controlling complex uncertain systems. Where mathematical modeling is often tedious or inaccurate, the new method uses an unknown input observer (UIO) to estimate and cancel dynamic information in real time. Consequently, controller design and tuning become transparent as the number of required model parameters is reduced. A realistic turbofan simulation, developed by NASA, is used to demonstrate the new design process and compare its performance with that of a supplied benchmark controller.
Lower than expected hepatitis B virus infection prevalence among first generation Koreans in the U.S.: results of HBV screening in the Southern California Inland Empire

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is prevalent in Asian immigrants in the USA. California’s Inland Empire region has a population of approximately four million, including an estimated 19,000 first generation Koreans. Our aim was to screen these adult individuals to establish HBV serological diagnoses, educate, and establish linkage to care. A community-based program was conducted in Korean churches from 11/2009 to 2/2010. Subjects were asked to complete a HBV background related questionnaire, provided with HBV education, and tested for serum HBsAg, HBsAb and HBcAb. HBsAg positive subjects were tested for HBV quantitative DNA, HBeAg and HBeAb, counseled and directed to healthcare providers. Subjects unexposed to HBV were invited to attend a HBV vaccination clinic. A total of 973 first generation Koreans were screened, aged 52.3y (18-93y), M/F: 384/589. Most (75%) had a higher than high school education and were from Seoul (62.2%). By questionnaire, 24.7% stated they had been vaccinated against HBV. The serological diagnoses were: HBV infected (3.0%), immune due to natural infection (35.7%), susceptible (20.1%), immune due to vaccination (40.3%), and other (0.9%). Men had a higher infection prevalence (4.9% vs. 1.7%, p = 0.004) and a lower vaccination rate (34.6% vs. 44.0%, p = 0.004) compared to women. Self-reports of immunization status were incorrect for 35.1% of subjects. This large screening study in first generation Koreans in Southern California demonstrates: 1) a lower than expected HBV prevalence (3%), 2) a continued need for vaccination, and 3) a need for screening despite a reported history of vaccination.
Cardiac memory : new insights into molecular mechanisms

‘Cardiac memory’ describes an electrocardiographic T wave vector change, recorded during normal sinus rhythm that reflects the QRS complex vector during prior periods of ventricular pacing or arrhythmia. In this brief review we consider the mechanisms responsible for cardiac memory, which offer a unique window for relating molecular determinants of repolarization to their expression in the function of ion channels and in the electrophysiology of the heart. Understanding the steps that translate the molecular mechanisms for memory into clinical expression in this relatively straightforward model facilitates our comprehension of the complex pathways that order normal cardiac repolarization and repolarization changes.
The early development of major projections to the dorsal striatum in the North American opossum.

Abstract We have employed immunocytochemical and axonal transport techniques to study the development of major projections to the dorsal striatum of the North American opossum. The opossum is born in a very immature state, 12–13 days after conception, and climbs into an external pouch where it remains attached to a nipple for several months. Its immaturity at birth and its protracted postnatal development make the opossum a good model for developmental studies. Although tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactive (TH-LI), presumably dopaminergic, neurons were present in the ventral mesencephalon at birth (the presumptive substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area), there was no evidence for TH-LI axons in the striatal anlage. By postnatal day (PD)6, a few immunostained axons were found within the putamen. The subsequent growth of TH-LI axons into the striatum followed general caudal to rostral and ventrolateral to dorsomedial gradients and, at any age, they were most numerous in the areas exhibiting the greatest cytodifferentiation. By estimated (E)PD45, TH-LI axons were present in most, if not all, areas of the striatum. Serotoninergic (5-HT)-LI axons were found lateral to the presumptive striatum at birth but not within it. By PD7, however, a few 5-HT-LI axons could be identified in the putamen. The growth of 5-HT-LI axons into the striatum generally followed the same gradients described for TH-LI axons although at all ages their density was much less. Using the orthograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP), evidence was obtained for the existence of thalamostriatal projections by PD5 and for corticostriatal projections by PD10. Crossed corticostriatal projections were present by EPD23. Our results suggest that the development of major projections to the striatum occurs postnatally in the opossum, rather than prenatally as in placental animals. The timetable for striatal innervation is discussed in light of the developmental sequences established for other motor circuits.
Treatment of bulky uveal melanoma (UN) hepatic metastases with doxorubicin eluting beads (DEBDOX) followed by 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) TACE: an initial experience

multivariate Cox model for cumulative local recurrence rates, selective chemoembolization of the tumor-feeding arteries was a significant important factor in lower local recurrence rates (hazard ratio, 0.255; 95% CI: 0.089,0.731; P1⁄40.011). Conclusion: C-arm CT obtained at the proper hepatic artery or equivalent level can demonstrate most of the tumor-feeding arteries supplying HCCs in the caudate lobe.
Domoic acid enhances Bcl-2–calcineurin–inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor interactions and delayed neuronal death in rat brain slices

Abstract Mechanisms of neuronal death following neuronal damage due to domoic acid are not completely defined. Bcl-2, a survival protein, protects neurons from ischemia and excitotoxin-induced damage. We previously demonstrated that Bcl-2 shuttles calcineurin to its substrates and may regulate calcium release from internal stores during neuronal ischemia. We now confirm that during excitotoxicity induced by domoic acid, calcineurin–Bcl-2 and calcineurin–1,4,5-inositol-trisphosphate receptor (IP3-R) interactions increase. Furthermore, we now show that calcineurin–IP3-R interactions are mediated by Bcl-2 in brain slices following short-term treatment with domoic acid (10 μM). Domoic acid induced late neuronal death and caspase-3-like activity in organotypic cortical and hippocampal cultures. These experiments further define the mechanisms by which neurons respond to excitotoxic insults, and suggest that interactions between calcineurin and its target proteins may influence cellular responses to injury.
Singularity-Free RPR and SPS Chains for Actuating Single Degree of Freedom Planar and Spherical Mechanisms

This paper presents a method of selecting joints relative to a fixed and moving (coupler) frame that can be used to actuate a single degree of freedom planar mechanism using a revolute-prismatic-revolute (RPR) chain or a spherical mechanism via a spherical-prismatic-spherical (SPS) chain. Given a single degree of freedom mechanism, a moving reference frame attached to any link has a motion that can be described with a single parameter. A point relative to this moving frame is sought such that it either continually increases or decreases in distance from a point in the fixed frame over the entire motion. The mechanism can then be moved by placing an actuated prismatic joint between the two points. Moreover, the singularities relative to the joints in the original mechanism are not a concern and the dimensional synthesis can focus on creating the set of circuit-defect free solutions. From this analysis, a unique fixed point is determined relative to two positions and their velocities with the following characteristic. All points in the moving reference frame that are moving away from it in the first position are approaching it in the second position, and vice versa.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Artifact as theory-nexus: hermeneutics meets theory-based design

We suggest that HCI designs characteristically embody multiple, distinct psychological claims, that virtually every aspect of a system's usability is overdetermined by independent psychological rationales inherent in its design. These myriad claims cohere in being implemented together in a running system. Thus, HCI artifacts themselves are perhaps the most effective medium for theory development in HCI. We advance a framework for articulating the psychological claims embodied by artifacts. This proposal reconciles the contrasting perspectives of theory-based design and hermeneutics, and clarifies the apparent paradox of HCI application leading HCI theory.
Pilot-based product superposition for downlink multiuser MIMO

In the fading MIMO broadcast channel, until recently the results under full CSIR and no CSIR indicated that degrees of freedom (DoF) cannot be improved beyond what is available via TDMA. Recently, however, it was discovered that when one node has full CSIR and the other has none, TDMA is no longer DoF-optimal and a product decomposition with noncoherent (Grassmannian) signaling achieves the optimal DoF under certain receiver antenna configurations. This work extends product superposition to the domain of coherent signaling with pilots, showing that it can also achieve the optimal DoF. In addition, this work demonstrates the advantages of product superposition in low-SNR as well as high-SNR, and extends the set of receiver antenna configurations under which product decomposition achieves optimal DoF.
Landscape Diversity and Crop Vigor Influence Biological Control of the Western Grape Leafhopper (E. elegantula Osborn) in Vineyards

This study evaluated how the proportional area of natural habitat surrounding a vineyard (i.e. landscape diversity) worked in conjunction with crop vigor, cultivar and rootstock selection to influence biological control of the western grape leafhopper (Erythroneura elegantula Osborn). The key natural enemies of E. elegantula are Anagrus erythroneurae S. Trjapitzin & Chiappini and A. daanei Triapitsyn, both of which are likely impacted by changes in landscape diversity due to their reliance on non-crop habitat to successfully overwinter. Additionally, E. elegantula is sensitive to changes in host plant quality which may influence densities on specific cultivars, rootstocks and/or vines with increased vigor. From 2010–2013, data were collected on natural enemy and leafhopper densities, pest parasitism rates and vine vigor from multiple vineyards that represented a continuum of landscape diversity. Early in the season, vineyards in more diverse landscapes had higher Anagrus spp. densities and lower E. elegantula densities, which led to increased parasitism of E. elegantula. Although late season densities of E. elegantula tended to be lower in vineyards with higher early season parasitism rates and lower total petiole nitrogen content, they were also affected by rootstock and cultivar. While diverse landscapes can support higher natural enemy populations, which can lead to increased biological control, leafhopper densities also appear to be mediated by cultivar, rootstock and vine vigor.