cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evil and the theistic hypothesis: A response to Wykstra

Wykstra's paper, "The Humean Obstacle to Evidential Arguments from Suffering," is both conceptually rich and an important advance to our understanding of the evidential argument from evil. Its conceptual richness lies in its analysis of the epistemic notion of "appears" and its advancement of a necessary condition (CORNEA) for being entitled to make the claim: "It appears that p (not-p)." Its advance in our understanding of the evidential argument from evil consists in his application of CORNEA to the very starting point in the justification of the first premise of the deductive argument against theism I presented in the article of which his essay is a critique. My response will assume the conceptual contribution Wykstra has made, focussing mainly on the question of whether he has shown that CORNEA is in fact not satisfied when we make claims such as, "It appears that there are instances of suffering that do not serve outweighing goods otherwise unobtainable by an omnipotent, omniscient being." To this end it is important to begin with a distinction that will play a crucial role in my discussion. Let's call standard theism any view which holds that there exists an omnipotent, omniscient, omnigood being who created the world. Letting "0" abbreviate "an omnipotent, omniscient, omnigood being," standard theism is any view which holds that 0 exists. Within standard theism, we can distinguish restricted theism and expanded theism. Expanded theism is the view that 0 exists, conjoined with certain other significant religious claims, claims about sin, redemption, a future life, a last judgment, and the like. (Orthodox Christian theism is a version of expanded theism.) Restricted theism is the view that 0 exists, unaccompanied by other, independent religious claims. I will return to this distinction, but at the outset I want to focus on restricted standard theism the view that 0 exists. Consider the following proposition:
Treatment of patients with refractory myelogenous leukemia with BCOMM [1,3-bis-chloro(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), oncovin (vincristine), cyclophosphamide, high-dose methotrexate and methyl-glyoxal bis-guanylhydrazone (MGBG)]

Ten patients with AML refractory to anthracyclines and cytosine arabinoside were treated with vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 and methotrexate (MTX) 2.5 gm/m2 by intravenous (IV) bolus on day 1 [citrovorum factor (CF) rescue began 24 h later], BCNU 80 mg/m2, and cyclophosphamide 900 mg/m2 IV 36 h after MTX and MGBG 300 mg/m2 IV over 1–2 h on days 3, 4, and 5. Bone marrow aplasia was achieved in all patients by day 12. Five patients (50%) achieved complete remission (CR). Two patients died of sepsis during induction. The median duration of remission was 24 weeks (range 8–38). Maintenance therapy was employed in three patients (high-dose MTX-CF in 2 and MGBG plus BCNU in 1), but did not appear to significantly increase the duration of remission. Nausea and vomiting occurred in eight patients. Five patients developed moderate stomatitis and one developed a modereately severe cutaneous reaction. This pilot experience demonstrates that patients with refractory AML can achieve CR after aggressive treatment with so-called second-line drugs, and may indicate that collateral sensitivity to MTX exists in cells which have become resistant to anthracyclines, a situation we previously described in an experimental cell line.
Humanistic experience and psychodynamic understanding: empirical associations among facets of self-actualization and psychological mindedness

The aim of this study was to investigate empirical connections between humanistic psychology and psychoanalysis by exploring a single measurable construct from each discipline. Specifically, we exa...
Epidermal keratinocytes express the adhesion molecule intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in inflammatory dermatoses

Using indirect immunofluorescence assays on frozen tissue sections of skin from healthy subjects and subjects with inflammatory skin diseases, we found that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was expressed in a cell surface pattern on epidermal keratinocytes at the site of lymphoid infiltration in cutaneous dermatoses. ICAM-1 was not expressed on epidermal keratinocytes in noninflamed skin. Its expression was not related solely to epidermal hyperproliferation, as hyperproliferative, tape-stripped epidermis did not express ICAM-1. We have reported previously that ICAM-1 expression on epidermal keratinocytes was upregulated by treatment with interferon gamma and that activated T lymphocytes bound to cultured epidermal keratinocytes in vitro by lymphocyte function associated-1 (LFA-1) molecules on T cells and ICAM-1 on epidermal keratinocytes. Taken together, these data suggest that upregulation of expression of ICAM-1 is an important feature of cutaneous inflammation.
The natural history of low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast in women treated by biopsy only revealed over 30 years of long-term follow-up.

BACKGROUND Opportunities to study the natural history of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) are rare. A few studies of incompletely excised lesions in the premammographic era now recognized as DCIS have provided critical insights into its proclivity for local recurrence in the original site. At the time the biopsies in the current study were originally examined, small DCIS was not diagnosed and, by default, these women were treated by biopsy only. METHODS The authors report the latest results from a follow-up study, which was published originally in 1982, of 28 women with low-grade DCIS who were treated by biopsy only. These women were from a large, prospectively identified, completely characterized cohort. RESULTS Eleven of 28 women developed invasive breast carcinoma (IBC), all in the same breast and quadrant from which their low-grade DCIS biopsy was taken. Seven IBCs were diagnosed within 10 years of the DCIS biopsy, 1 was diagnosed within 12 years of the DCIS biopsy, and the remaining 3 IBCs were diagnosed over 23–42 years. Five of these women, including 1 woman who developed IBC 29 years after her DCIS biopsy, developed distant metastasis, which resulted in death 1–7 years after the diagnosis of IBC. CONCLUSIONS The natural history of low-grade DCIS can extend greater than 4 decades, with IBC developing at the same site as the previous DCIS in the majority of women. This natural history differs markedly from that of patients with high-grade DCIS and from the outcome of patients with any completely delimited DCIS excised to negative margins. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Blood pressure control: salt gets under your skin.

After an increase in dietary salt, the excess sodium is stored under the skin—stimulating lymphatic growth through the activity of macrophages ( pages 545–552 ). The findings should recast thinking about how blood pressure is regulated.
The importance of biomechanical feedback in the generation of asthma

those of us who pursue biological research do so mainly because of the intellectual satisfaction derived from making discoveries. But we are blessed with generous grants from our governments whose motivations are more practical and include improving the health of our populations, promoting new
Cultural Diversity in Television Narratives: Homophilization, Appropriation, and Implications for Media Advocacy

This research explores the role of cultural diversity in the construction of consumer identity, and in particular, how cultural diversity is appropriated through television viewing. Data based on depth interviews and surveys of young adults who created brand collages centered on a television-based character reveal that viewers identify and engage with television narratives through a process of “homophilization”; that is, they actively envision various features of television narratives as similar to themselves and their own lived experiences. The data also show that homophilizing processes are enacted primarily by customizing the narrative, or textual poaching, in which the consumers insert themselves and their experiences into the narrative, and that consumption choices serve as primary mechanisms for poaching. Because media narratives are important in the formation and maintenance of consumer identity, the authors strongly recommend vigilance in the production and dissemination of socially conscious narratives that allow prosocial and realistic characters with whom consumers can actively engage.
The alkylating prazosin analog SZL 49 inactivates both α1A- and α1B-adrenoceptors

Abstract A chemically reactive prazosin analog (SZL 49) has been suggested to be an α 1A -selective alkylating agent. We found SZL 49 competed for α 1 -adrenoceptor binding sites with a similar potency (IC 50 1 nM) in tissues enriched in both the α 1A (hippocampus) and α 1B (liver) subtypes. SZL 49 was very difficult to wash out of membrane preparations. However, pretreatment with a high concentration of SZL 49 (0.1 μM) followed by multiple washings resulted in a similar 40–50% loss of α 1 -adrenoceptor binding sites in both liver and hippocampus. Pretreatment of hippocampal membranes with both SZL and the α 1B -selective alkylating agent chloroethylclonidine, sequentially or in combination, caused only a slightly greater inactivation than did either drug alone. Analysis of WB 4101 inhibition curves showed that pretreatment of hippocampal membranes with SZL 49 did not alter the proportions of α 1A - and α 1B -adrenoceptor subtypes. These data suggest that SZL 49 does not demonstrate in vitro selectivity for either the α 1A - or α 1B -receptor subtypes.
Corporate Service Linkages in Large Metropolitan Areas: A Study of New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago

Some urban analysts contend that suburbs provide the same economic functions as the central city, and others argue that they lack the agglomeration economies necessary for high-level corporate activities, especially financial, business, and professional services. The author compares the suburbs and central cities of the nation's three largest consolidated metropolitan statistical areas-New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago-as providers of several corporate services, analyzing where the largest companies obtain accounting, actuarial, banking, investment banking, and legal services. Both central-city-and suburban-based companies rely mostly on central-city-based service providers, and this reliance increases with company size.
The marginal fiber mass in the utricle of the pigeon.

Abstract The marginal fiber mass (MFM) that Werner26 described in the utricle ofAves was observed and analyzed in the pigeon using light, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopic techniques. Morphologically, the MFM is a gelatinous, fibrous mass which has the shape of an oblique cone. The basal end terminates as a foot-like structure on the macula utriculi while the apical end attaches the statoconial membrane securely to the wall of the utricle. Specific tests for elastin, collagen and a ‘connective tissue type’ of reticulum indicated that none of these components were present in the MFM. The MFM did, however, stain positively with PAS, Alcian blue and a PAS-Alcian blue combination. The extent and location of the staining suggest that the main bulk of the MFM is comprised primarily of neutral mucopolysaccharides with traces of acid mucopolysaccharides on its surfaces. Based on these facts, and on other morphological observations, it is suggested that the MFM is a marginal extension of the cupular zone of the statoconial membrane which has folded back over on itself and, in the process, has sandwiched the statoconial (otolithic7) zone between itself and the cupular zone. As a well-developed structure of the avian utricle, the MFM must be considered as a functional component in any biodynamical model of statoconial membrane displacement.
The mouse teratogen dinocap has lower A/D ratios and is not teratogenic in the rat and hamster.

The fungicide dinocap is currently used in the control of powdery mildew. We have reported that dinocap is teratogenic in the CD-1 mouse, causing cleft palate, otolith defects, and fetal weight deficits well below maternotoxic dose levels. In this study the maternal and fetal toxicity of dinocap was determined in the Sprague-Dawley rat and Syrian golden hamster, and adult-to-developmental (A/D) toxicity ratios were calculated and compared with the previously established A/D ratio of dinocap in the mouse. Dinocap in corn oil was admisnistered by gavage to pregnant rats on gestation days 7–20 (0, 100, 150, 200 mg/kg/day) and to hamsters on gestation days 7–14 (0, 12.5, 25, 50, 75, 100, 200 mg/kg/day). Dams were killed on day 21 (rat) or day 15 (hamster), and litters were removed, counted, and weighed; half of each litter was necropsied for soft tissue defects, and the remaining half was processed for skeletal examination. In the rat, maternal extrauterine weight gain was significantly affected at 150 and 200 mg/kg/ day, relative liver weight was elevated at 100 mg/kg/day and above, and fetal weight was lower at 150 and 200 mg/kg/day. In the hamster, maternal extrauterine weight was lower at 12.5 mg/kg/day and above; fetal weight was reduced, and the incidence of dilated renal pelvis was higher, at 25 mg/kg/day and above. Thus the A/D ratios for dinocap in the rat and hamster are similar, approximately 1. Our previous studies have demonstrated that dinocap is teratogenic in the mouse, with an A/D ratio in the range of 8–16 in this species. The basis for the species-specific teratogenicity and inconsistent A/D ratio of dinocap is unknown.
Mesodermal expression of integrin α5β1 regulates neural crest development and cardiovascular morphogenesis.

Integrin α5-null embryos die in mid-gestation from severe defects in cardiovascular morphogenesis, which stem from defective development of the neural crest, heart and vasculature. To investigate the role of integrin α5β1 in cardiovascular development, we used the Mesp1Cre knock-in strain of mice to ablate integrin α5 in the anterior mesoderm, which gives rise to all of the cardiac and many of the vascular and muscle lineages in the anterior portion of the embryo. Surprisingly, we found that mutant embryos displayed numerous defects related to the abnormal development of the neural crest such as cleft palate, ventricular septal defect, abnormal development of hypoglossal nerves, and defective remodeling of the aortic arch arteries. We found that defects in arch artery remodeling stem from the role of mesodermal integrin α5β1 in neural crest proliferation and differentiation into vascular smooth muscle cells, while proliferation of pharyngeal mesoderm and differentiation of mesodermal derivatives into vascular smooth muscle cells was not defective. Taken together our studies demonstrate a requisite role for mesodermal integrin α5β1 in signaling between the mesoderm and the neural crest, thereby regulating neural crest-dependent morphogenesis of essential embryonic structures.
Pressure chamber tests of eustachian tube function document lower efficiency in adults with colds when compared to without colds.

Abstract Conclusions: Fractional gradient equilibrated (FGE) for ears with applied positive but not negative middle ear (ME)–ambient pressure gradients is highly sensitive to a cold-like illness (CLI). Objective: The sequential development of eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction, ME under-pressure, and otitis media (OM) characterizes many children during a CLI. If linked, OM burden would be lessened by interventions that promote/preserve good ET function during a CLI. Evaluating this requires a quantitative ET function test for MEs with an intact tympanic membrane responsive to a CLI. Methods: Pressure chamber testing of ET function was performed at +200 and –200 daPa in 3 groups of adults: group I, 21 subjects with an extant CLI and groups II and III, 14 and 57 adults, respectively, without a CLI. ME–chamber pressure gradient was recorded by tympanometry before and after the subject swallowed twice. ET functional efficiency was quantified as the FGE, which was then compared among groups using a Mann–Whitney ...
A methodology for fast scheduling of partitioned systolic algorithms

Various methods for mapping signal processing algorithms into systolic arrays have been developed in the past few years. In this paper, efficient scheduling techniques are developed for the partitioning problem, i.e. problems with size that do not match the array size. In particular, scheduling for the Locally Parallel-Globally Sequential (LPGS) technique and the Locally Sequential-Globally Parallel (LSGP) technique are developed. The scheduling procedure developed exploits the fact that after LPGS and LSGP partitioning, the locality constraints are less stringent allowing for more flexibility in the choice of algorithms and inter-processor communication. A flexible scheduling order is developed that is useful in evaluating the trade-off between execution time and size of storage buffers. The benefits of the scheduling techniques are illustrated with the help of matrix multiplication and least squares examples.
Asymptotic Behavior of Densities for Two-Particle Annihilating Random Walks

Consider the system of particles onℤ d where particles are of two types—A andB—and execute simple random walks in continuous time. Particles do not interact with their own type, but when anA-particle meets aB-particle, both disappear, i.e., are annihilated. This system serves as a model for the chemical reactionA+B→ inert. We analyze the limiting behavior of the densitiesρ A (t) andρ B (t) when the initial state is given by homogeneous Poisson random fields. We prove that for equal initial densitiesρ A (0)=ρ B (0) there is a change in behavior fromd⩽4, whereρ A (t)=ρ B (t)∼C/t d /4, tod⩾4, whereρ A (t)=ρ B (t)∼C/tast→∞. For unequal initial densitiesρ A (0)<ρ B (0),ρ A (t)∼e−c√l ind=1,ρ A (t)∼e−Ct/logt ind=2, andρ A (t)∼e−Ct ind⩾3. The termC depends on the initial densities and changes withd. Techniques are from interacting particle systems. The behavior for this two-particle annihilation process has similarities to those for coalescing random walks (A+A→A) and annihilating random walks (A+A→inert). The analysis of the present process is made considerably more difficult by the lack of comparison with an attractive particle system.
Acetoacetyl-CoA Ligase Activity in the Isolated Rat Hepatocyte: Effects of 25- Hydroxycholesterol and High Density Lipoprotein

The activity of acetoacetyl-CoA (AcAc-CoA) ligase (E.C.6.2.1.16) in hepatocytes from rats was shown to be the same as the activity in homogenates of their livers. In hepatocytes treated with 25-hydroxycholesterol, AcAc-CoA ligase, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase and rates of sterol synthesis were substantially decreased. Hepatocytes treated with high density lipoprotein (HDL) exhibited a 2 to 4 fold induction of HMG-CoA reductase activity; however an accompanying increase in AcAc-CoA ligase activity and the rate of cholesterol synthesis was not observed. We conclude (a) that increases in the activity of HMG-CoA reductase when mediated by HDL in hepatocytes do not result in a corresponding change in the capacity for sterol synthesis and (b) that changes in the activity state of HMG-CoA reductase can be dissociated from that of AcAc-CoA ligase.
Surgery for Glaucoma

Most cases of glaucoma in small animals ultimately require surgical treatment for long-term control of intraocular pressure. Surgical procedures that have the potential to preserve vision in acute cases are categorized into those that reduce aqueous production (cyclodestructive techniques). Salvage procedures for irreversibly blind eyes include enucleation, implantation of an intraocular prosthesis, and pharmacologic ciliary body ablation. The indications, surgical technique, and complications of these procedures are discussed in this article.
Spatially resolved sub-Doppler overtone gain measurements on a small-scale supersonic HF laser

The small signal gain of a small-scale HF overtone laser was measured using a sub-Doppler tunable diode laser system. Measurements of reactant concentration, flow velocity and gain length were also made. The spatially resolved, two-dimensional small signal gain and temperature maps that were generated show a highly inhomogeneous gain medium indicating the dominant role played by mixing of the H2 and F streams in HF laser performance. The measured gain and temperature data were analyzed with the aid of a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model. The results show that reactant mixing mechanisms have a large effect on the gain averaged over a vertical profile while kinetic rate mechanisms, including reaction rate constants and reactant concentration, have a greater effect on the maximum system gain.
Outcomes of percutaneous endovascular intervention for type II endoleak with aneurysm expansion

Objective Type II endoleak (T2EL) with aneurysm expansion is believed to place patients at risk for aneurysm-related mortality (ARM). Treatment with glue and/or coil embolization of the aneurysm sac, inferior mesenteric artery (IMA), and lumbar branches via translumbar or transarterial approaches has been utilized to ablate such endoleaks, and thus decrease ARM. We evaluated the midterm results of percutaneous endovascular treatment of T2EL with aneurysm expansion. Methods Single-institution, 5-year (January 2003 to August 2008) retrospective study of all endovascular interventions for T2EL with sac expansion. Blinded, independent review of all available pre- and post-T2EL intervention computed tomography (CT) scans was performed. Aneurysm sac maximal transverse diameters and aneurysm sac growth rates prior to and following T2EL intervention were analyzed. Results Forty-two patients (34 male, eight female; mean age, 75) underwent T2EL intervention at 26 ± 20 months after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) and were subsequently followed for 23 ± 20 months. Seven out of 42 patients (17%) underwent repeat T2EL intervention. Interventions included 44 translumbar sac embolizations, and transcatheter embolizations of nine IMAs and seven lumbar/hypogastric arteries. Aneurysm diameter was 6.1 ± 1.6 cm at EVAR, 6.6 ± 1.5 cm at initial T2EL treatment, and 6.9 ± 1.7 cm at last follow-up. There were no significant differences in the rates of aneurysm sac growth pre- and post-T2EL treatment. At last follow-up imaging, recurrent or persistent T2EL was noted in 72% of patients. Of 42 patients, nine (21%) received operative endoluminal correction of occult type I or type III endoleaks that were diagnosed during the T2EL angiographic intervention. There were no aneurysm ruptures or ARMs during follow-up; overall mortality for the 5-year study period was 24%. Conclusions In this series, percutaneous endovascular intervention for type II endoleak with aneurysm sac growth does not appear to alter the rate of aneurysm sac growth, and the majority of patients display persistent/recurrent endoleak. However, diagnostic angiographic evaluation may reveal unexpected type I and III endoleaks and is therefore recommended for all patients with T2EL and sac growth. While coil and glue embolization of aneurysm sac and selected branch vessels does not appear to yield benefit in our series, the diagnosis and subsequent definitive treatment of previously occult type I and III endoleaks may explain the absence of delayed rupture and ARM in our series.
Fatigue and Fracture Reliability and Maintainability of TLP Tendons

A tension leg platform (TLP) tendon system experiences oscillatory tensile stresses, and therefore is vulnerable to fatigue and fracture. Because design factors have significant uncertainty, a reliability analysis to quantify structural performance is appropriate. A maintenance program of periodic inspection and repair shows promise for improving system reliability and enhancing structural integrity. The performance of a TLP tendon system was simulated in order to study the relationship of design factors to system reliability. Effects on system reliability and maintenance performance (repair and replacement rates) can be studied as a function of (a) number of joints, J; (b) number of members, M; (c) inspection frequency; (d) inspection sensitivity as defined by the POD (probability of detection) curve; (e) ultimate strength; (f) repair policy; etc. The performance of an initially damaged or flawed tendon system is investigated. The reliability of a system that uses pressurized tendons to detect through-thickness cracks is studied, as is the vulnerability of the tendon system before replacement of broken tendons.
HMO physicians' use of referrals

Clinical uncertainty is a source of variation in medical decision-making as well as a source of work-related stress. Increasing enrollment in organized health care systems has intensified interest in understanding referral utilization as well as issues such as physician dissatisfaction and burnout. We examined whether primary care physicians' affective reactions to uncertainty and their job characteristics were associated with use of referrals and burnout. Data came from mail surveys of primary care physicians practicing in two large group model health maintenance organizations (HMOs) in the USA. Consistent with past research, we found that younger physicians had higher referral rates than older physicians, and that general internists had higher rates than either family practitioners or pediatricians. Greater stress from uncertainty increased referrals and referrals were negatively correlated with heavier work demands (patient visits per hour). Greater stress from uncertainty, perceived workload (too high) and a sense of loss of control over the practice environment were associated with higher levels of burnout.
Acylphloroglucinol and xanthones from Hypericum ellipticum

An acylphloroglucinol, elliptophenone A, and two xanthones, elliptoxanthone A and elliptoxanthone B, were isolated from the aerial portions of Hypericum ellipticum together with three known xanthones, 1,3,7-trihydroxy-8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-9H-xanthen-9-one, 1,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one, and 1,4,5-trihydroxy-9H-xanthen-9-one. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses. The acylphloroglucinol and xanthones were evaluated for cytotoxicity using three human colon cancer cell lines cell lines (HT-29, HCT-116 and Caco-2) and a normal human colon cell line (CCD-18Co).
The Decline of Conceptual Articles and Implications for Knowledge Development

Abstract This article presents a framework for understanding and revitalizing the important role of conceptual articles in the development of knowledge in the marketing discipline. An analysis of 30 years (1978–2007) of publishing data from major marketing journals indicates that conceptual articles are declining, despite repeated calls for more emphasis on this form of scholarship. The sharpest decline has occurred in Journal of Marketing (JM), with much of the shift occurring over the past decade. Many substantive areas remain largely unexplored in conceptual articles. Over this 30-year period, conceptual articles published in JM have disproportionately more citations relative to their numbers, attesting to the importance of their role in knowledge development. Addressing the decline of conceptual articles and restoring their synergistic balance with other forms of scholarship will require concerted efforts on several interrelated fronts: the current generation of scholars; doctoral programs and student...
Modeling Permittivity and Tangent Loss in Dielectric Materials Using Finite Element Method and Monte Carlo Simulation

Finite Element Simulation and Monte-Carlo methods are used to calculate the effective permittivity (ϵ) and tangent loss (tan(δ)) of a composite dielectric. Wakino et al. has used this approach to study the dependence of ϵ on volume ratio and compared it with the Series, Parallel and Lichteneker formula. In this paper, the modeling has been further extended to include tan(δ) also, and the results are compared to well known Effective Medium and Empirical Models. For ϵ, it was found that both the symmetric Bruggeman and Wakino formula are close to the numerical results for all volume fractions (f). For tan (δ), the numerical results follow the typical pattern of symmetric Bruggeman formula. There is also found to be a logarithmic relationship between the effective permittivity and tangent losses.
Therapeutic Discourse as Moral Conversation: Psychoanalysis, Modernity, and the Ideal of Authenticity.

Psychoanalytic therapy is a conversation about the “good life”; with particular moral aims. In its relational variants, it both presupposes and seeks to bring about a sense of trueness to oneself which reflects the widely held modern ideal of authenticity. Objectivistic perspectives on psychoanalytic therapy attempt to secure both the analyst's epistemological position and moral neutrality. In contrast, the social‐constructivist turn in psychoanalysis opens onto an account which locates both the subject matter and the goals of therapy in the moral frameworks within which our lives are led. Viewing psychoanalytic therapy as a “genuine conversation”; in Gadamer's hermeneutic sense provides such a culturally situated theory. From this standpoint, the belief that analysis may rely upon a theoretical discourse to provide context‐transcendent descriptions of an absolute unconscious is both unsustainable and morally corrosive. Instead, what the analyst does is attempt to convince the analysand of the advantages ...
Interactions between social stress and morphine in the periaqueductal gray: effects on affective vocal and reflexive pain responses in rats.

Rationale: Endogenous opioid systems within the mesencephalic periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) appear to be intricately involved in many affective, defensive, submissive, and reflexive responses, and these systems are activated by aversive stimuli. Objectives: The present experiments evaluated the influence of opioid receptors within the PAG on affective vocal and reflexive responses to aversive stimuli in socially inexperienced, as well as defensive and submissive responses in defeated, adult male Long-Evans rats. Methods: Defeat stress consisted of: (1) an aggressive confrontation with a ”resident” stimulus rat in which the experimental ”intruder” rat exhibited escape, defensive and submissive behaviors [i.e. upright, supine postures and ultrasonic vocalizations (USV)], and subsequently, (2) protection from the resident rat with a wire mesh screen for ca. 25 min. Defeat stress was immediately followed by an experimental session with thermal antinociceptive and tactile startle stimuli (20 psi airpuffs). Results: The µ opioid receptor agonist morphine (0.3, 1, 3 µg IC) attenuated startle-induced USV and the tail-flick reflex in socially inexperienced and defeated rats, with both groups of rats demonstrating equal sensitivity to morphine. Morphine decreased defeat-induced USV and increased the display of the crouch posture in defeated rats; these morphine effects in socially inexperienced and defeated rats were re- versed with the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone (0.1 mg/kg IP). Conclusions: These results reveal that the ventrolateral PAG is an important site in which µ opioid receptor agonists such as morphine mediate affective vocal and submissive responses, yet this structure is not critical in the display of defeat stress-augmented effects of morphine. Endogenous opioid mechanisms appear to participate in the organization of defensive behavior, namely, to facilitate a shift from active to passive forms of coping.
Behavior of the periodic surface for a periodically perturbed autonomous system and periodic solutions

Abstract A periodically perturbed autonomous system with an isolated periodic orbit has a periodic surface as is well known. The behavior of this surface with respect to T, the period of the disturbance, is studied. The results include that the surface exists for all T when ϵ is sufficiently small, where ϵ is the perturbation parameter. Stability properties hold uniformly with respect to T. Further, growth estimates with respect to ϵ of the surface and its first T derivative are found. These estimates are extremely useful in discussing periodic solutions on the periodic surface. Incidental in the work is the formula for the invariant manifold for the quasilinear version of the system considered by Coppel and Palmer.
Legacies of Japanese colonialism in the rhetorical constitution of South Korean national identity

Despite Korea's independence from Japan in 1945, collective memories of Japanese colonialism continue to shape South Korean national identity today. This article extends Charland's theory of constitutive rhetoric and reconsiders Billig's theory of banal nationalism to analyse key discourses of national memory in South Korea, including presidential speeches delivered on the Liberation Day of Korea (Gwangbokjeol) and exhibits at the Independence Hall (Dongnip Ginyeomgwan). This article examines how South Korean nationalistic discourses today, by fostering a sustained antagonism towards the Japanese, constitute a national identity in an inextricable relationship to the Japanese Other.
Learning to Rank with Only Positive Examples

Search By Multiple Examples (SBME) is a new search paradigm that allows users to specify their information needs as a set of relevant documents rather than as a set of keywords. In this study, we propose a Transductive Positive Unlabeled learning (TPU learning) based framework for SBME. The framework consists of two steps: 1) identifying potential relevant documents for searching space reduction, and 2) adopting TPU learning methods to re-rank the documents in the new searching space. Using MAP and p@k, we evaluate two state-of-the-art PU learning algorithms and the Rocchio classifier (Rc) for document ranking in the proposed framework. We then adopt the idea of ensemble learning to combine Rc with the two state-of-the-art PU learning algorithms respectively. Experiments conducted on a benchmark dataset show that the ensemble learning based methods lead to a significant improvement in effectiveness.
1.3. Evaluation of models

Abstract This section addresses the important issue of how business managers and government planners can gain confidence in using engineering-economic models as part of the decision making and planning process. Purposes and methods of model evaluation are discussed from the viewpoint of the modeling methodologies employed and the nature of the model validation procedures applied to them.
Peroxynitrite chemistry derived from nitric oxide reaction with a Cu(II)–OOH species and a copper mediated NO reductive coupling reaction

New peroxynitrite–copper chemistry ensues via addition of nitric oxide (˙NO(g)) to a CuII–hydroperoxo species. In characterizing the system, the ligand–Cu(I) complex was shown to effect a seldom observed ˙NO(g) reductive coupling reaction. Biological implications are discussed.
Corticotropin-releasing factor immunoreactive neurons persist throughout the brain in Alzheimer's disease

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) immunoreactivity was examined in the hippocampal formation, cerebellum and hypothalamus of normal aged and Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. Immunoreactive non-pyramidal neurons were located in the polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus and CA fields. A plexus of CRF terminals was seen in the supragranular layer of the dentate gyrus. In AD, occasional senile plaques contained CRF-immunoreactive fiber terminals but the pattern of staining was otherwise unchanged aside from a suggestion of increased staining intensity. Similarly, the pattern of immunoreactive cerebellar climbing fibers and paraventricular hypothalamic neurons was preserved in AD brains aside from increased perikaryal staining intensity in the hypothalamus.
Predation or scavenging? Thoracic muscle pH and rates of water loss reveal cause of death in arthropods.

SUMMARY The difficulty of directly observing predatory events hinders a complete understanding of how predation structures food webs. Indirect approaches such as PCR-based and isotopic analyses clarify patterns of resource consumption but fail to distinguish predation from scavenging. Given that facultative scavenging is a ubiquitous and phylogenetically widespread foraging strategy, an improved ability to discriminate prey from carrion is needed to enhance an understanding of the demographic effects of consumption and the true nature of trophic interactions. Using physiological properties of muscle tissue – specifically pH and rate of water loss – we develop a novel method to discriminate prey from carrion collected by scavenging hymenopteran predators. Our focal system is the western yellowjacket ( Vespula pensylvanica ), a common scavenging predator in Hawaii and western North America. Prior to consumption, the physical properties of hymenopteran muscle tissue change in a quantifiable and deterministic manner post mortem and can be used to estimate the time and putative cause of death of diet items. Applying this method in laboratory and field situations resulted in the correct identification of prey and carrion in 49 out of 56 cases (88%). Although further investigation is needed to determine how post-mortem physiology of diet items changes in the guts of consumers, the approaches developed in this study can be used to distinguish predation from scavenging by central-place foragers (particularly arthropods). Such information will provide a more definitive characterization of species interactions and food webs.
Relationships Among Employee Perception of Their Manager’s Behavioral Integrity, Moral Distress, and Employee Attitudes and Well-Being

Hypothesized relationships among reports by employees of moral distress, their perceptions of their manager’s behavioral integrity (BI), and employee reports of job satisfaction, stress, job engagement, turnover likelihood, absenteeism, work-to-family conflict, health, and life satisfaction were tested using data from the 2008 National Study of the Changing Workforce (n = 2,679). BI was positively related to job satisfaction, job engagement, health, and life satisfaction and negatively to stress, turnover likelihood, and work-to-family conflict, while moral distress was inversely related to those outcomes. The magnitudes of relationships with job satisfaction, job engagement, and life satisfaction were greater with BI than with moral distress. Moral distress mediated the relationships between BI and the employee outcomes, supporting the view that employee’s perceptions of their manager’s BI might influence the employee’s behaviors as well as their attitudes.
Inactivation of superoxide dismutase by several thiocarbamic acid derivatives

4 thiocarbamic acid derivatives inhibited superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in vitro. Dimethyldithiocarbamate also inhibited tissue SOD in mice in vivo. These data extend previously published results on the inhibitory action of diethyldithiocarbamate on SOD activity.
An Ecological Model for the Maintenance of Sex and Geographic Parthenogenesis

Abstract This paper discusses the maintenance of sexual reproduction, using a model that considers a heterogeneous environment subdivided into patches, with the fitness of sexual and asexual species varying among them. Each patch produces a proportion of the total offspring, which are then randomly dispersed to all patches, where selection occurs. The sufficient conditions for coexistence is described, in terms of rates of increase and intra-specific and inter-specific competition coefficients. The paper also considers the circumstances under which sex can spread when it is rare or resist invasion when it is common. Finally, the phenomenon of geographic parthenogenesis is addressed and different patterns of coexistence that can account for this empirically observed phenomenon is discussed. The reproductive advantage conferred by asexual reproduction will be overcome if the greater genetic diversity of the sexual species is translated into a decrease in the strength of intra-specific interactions and/or a reduced competitive effect of asexuals on sexuals. The competitive edge conferred by sexual reproduction does not have to hold for all patches; what is required is a competitive edge at least in those patches that contribute the most to population growth. Coexistence between closely related sexual and asexual species is possible even under strong inter-specific competition. This result contrasts with those obtained from previous ecological models on the maintenance of sex, all of which require reduced competitive interactions for coexistence. Geographic parthenogenesis will occur if one of the species is favored in one of the geographic locations while the other is able to maintain itself at high density in the other geographic location, either through competitive abilities (sexuals) or reproductive abilities (asexuals). The pattern of geographic parthenogenesis most likely to occur in nature is that of partial asexual refugium, where asexuals are excluded from some of the geographic locations but remain at high density in locations where the strength of inter-specific interaction is not too high.
Readiness to change sugar sweetened beverage intake among college students.

Abstract The prevalence of obesity is a topic of concern in the United States, especially among children and young adults, and there is also a growing concern that sugared beverage consumption may contribute to increasing obesity rates. However, few studies to date have examined sugar sweetened beverage consumption trends in college students. This study investigated self-reported sugared beverage consumption, nutritional knowledge, and readiness to change sugar sweetened beverage intake in college students ( N = 201; 33% minority). On average, non-overweight students reported significantly greater intake of sugared beverages than overweight students, and minority students reported greater consumption than Caucasians. A substantial majority of the sample (69%) reported that they had recently reduced their intake or were maintaining a reduction in intake. However, even those students indicating reduction in consumption reported intake of at least one sugar sweetened beverage daily. This suggests that high calorie beverage intake is a significant concern among young adult college-aged populations and that interventions targeting excess sugar sweetened beverage intake may have a role in obesity prevention efforts for this population.
Relationship between insulin resistance, soluble adhesion molecules, and mononuclear cell binding in healthy volunteers.

The relationship between insulin resistance, soluble adhesion molecules E-selectin (sE-selectin), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), mononuclear cell binding to cultured endothelium, and lipoprotein concentrations were evaluated in 28 healthy, nondiabetic, and normotensive individuals. The mean (±sem) lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were within the normal rage: cholesterol (199 ± 18 mg/dL); triglyceride (128 ± 12 mg/dL); low-density cholesterol (127 ± 8 mg/dL; and high-density cholesterol (47 ± 3 mg/dL). The results indicated that degree of insulin resistance was significantly correlated with concentrations of sE-selectin (r = 0.54, P < 0.005), sICAM-1 (r = 0.67, P < 0.001), and sVCAM-1 (r = 0.41, P < 0.05). Furthermore, the relationship between insulin resistance and both sE-selectin and sICAM-1 remained statistically significant when adjusted for differences in age, gender, body mass index, and all measures of lipoprotein concentrations. Finally...
Models of the structure and gating mechanisms of the pore domain of the NaChBac ion channel.

The NaChBac prokaryotic sodium channel appears to be a descendent of an evolutionary link between voltage-gated KV and CaV channels. Like KV channels, four identical six-transmembrane subunits comprise the NaChBac channel, but its selectivity filter possesses a signature sequence of eukaryotic CaV channels. We developed structural models of the NaChBac channel in closed and open conformations, using K+-channel crystal structures as initial templates. Our models were also consistent with numerous experimental results and modeling criteria. This study concerns the pore domain. The major differences between our models and K+ crystal structures involve the latter portion of the selectivity filter and the bend region in S6 of the open conformation. These NaChBac models may serve as a stepping stone between K+ channels of known structure and NaV, CaV, and TRP channels of unknown structure.
A Novel 5′-Carboxychroman Metabolite of γ-Tocopherol Secreted by HepG2 Cells and Excreted in Human Urine

Abstract HepG2 cells were incubated with a medium containing fetal bovine serum enriched with RRR-γ-tocopherol (γ-TOH). After 48 h the medium was extracted and analyzed for γ-TOH metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In addition to γ-CEHC, the 3′-carboxychroman metabolite of γ-TOH previously reported in human urine, these cells secreted a second substance whose extraction and mass spectral characteristics were consistent with those of the 5′-carboxychroman analog of γ-CEHC, 2,7,8-trimethyl-2-(δ-carboxymethylbutyl)-6-hydroxychroman. This is the first report of metabolism of γ-TOH to carboxychroman metabolites in cell culture. Analysis of human urine samples revealed the consistent presence of the novel 5′-carboxychroman metabolite, along with that of γ-CEHC. Oral supplementation with purified RRR-γ-TOH resulted in elevated urinary concentrations of both metabolites, although the concentration of the 5′-γ-carboxychroman metabolite was consistently and substantially less than that of γ-CEHC. The presence of both metabolites is consistent with the involvement of an ω-oxidation-like process in the phytyl tail shortening of γ-TOH to water soluble metabolites excreted in urine.
Do-it-yourself RNAi made easy?

Enzymatically generated small interfering RNAs are a welcome addition in the tool box of scientists performing large-scale RNAi screens.
Formation and characterization of oxynitride glasses in the Si-Ca-Al-O-N and Si-Ca-Al,B-O-N systems

Oxynitride compositions in the Si-Ca-Al-O-N and Si-Ca-Al, B-O-N systems were melted and furnace-cooled in BN crucibles at temperatures from ≈ 1650 to 1850° C under dry nitrogen atmosphereS. Glass formation, phase stability and crystallization were studied by characterizing the cooled melts by X-ray diffraction, DTA, and electron microscopy. Oxynitride batches with nitrogen content up to ≈ 11 at % formed glasses in the Si-Ca-Al-O-N system. Glasses in the Si-Ca-Al, B-O-N system could be formed only when the B2O3 content of the batch was less than ≈ 3 wt %. Oxynitride glasses in these boron-containing systems were characteristically inhomogeneous, difficult to process, and prone to crystallization. In both the systems, glasses exhibited glass transitions beginning at ≈ 1000° C and crystallization at ≈ 1300 to 1500° C. Nitrogen-containing crystalline phases were identified in devitrified glasses via microstructural and micro-mechanical analyses.
Activation Analysis of Normal and Atherosclerotic Aortas

Normal and atherosclerotic aortas from rats and man have been analyzed by neutron activation to determine changes in the content of Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Mg, Mn, Se, V, and Zn with the development of degenerative changes. Samples of aortic tissue were weighed, dried at 110°C overnight, and irradiated for 30 min in a thermal neutron flux of 1.8×1012 n/cm2-sec in a TRIGA Mark I reactor. Immediately after irradiation, the samples were wet-ashed in the presence of carriers, the various elements were then radiochemically separated, and the separated fractions were counted by multichannel gamma-ray spectrometry. Definite values, or firm upper limits, for the elements were calculated by computer. With increasing degree of atherosclerosis, the Ca content rose from <350 to 36 000±2000 ppm; Co from undetectable to 0.34 ppm; Mg from <110 to 880 ppm; Mn from 0.34 to 1.26 ppm; and Zn from 37 to 152 ppm. Significant changes could not be detected in Cd, Se, and V; changes in Cu were not consistent. These results are discussed in relation to the pathological changes and to zinc therapy in the treatment of atherosclerosis.