cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“The cannibal wave. The cultural logic of Spain's temporality of crisis (revolution, biopolitics, hunger and memory)” by Germán Labrador Méndez

This essay shows in multiple ways the promise and possibilities of Iberian Cultural Studies both as a mode of historical and cultural interpretation and as a political emancipatory project. Indeed,...
Introducing Students to Darwin via the Voyage of HMS Beagle

I use the diary that Darwin wrote during the voyage of HMS Beagle and recent images of a few of the places he visited to illustrate some comparisons between Darwin's world and ours. For today's students, increasingly committed to environmental issues, this may be an especially promising way to introduce Darwin.
Metabolic Effects Of Dietary Fructose

Fructose, a naturally occurring hexose, is a component of many fruits, vegetables, and sweeteners. Because of the introduction of high fructose corn sweeteners in 1967, the amount of free fructose in the diet of Americans has increased substantially in the last 20 years. Fructose is sweeter, more soluble, and less glucogenic than glucose or sucrose, so it has been recommended as a replacement for these sugars in the diets of diabetic and obese people. Although an acute dose of fructose causes smaller increases in glucose and insulin than a comparable dose of glucose, there are a number of changes after dietary adaptation that may reduce its desirability as a sugar replacement in certain segments of the population. Fructose is absorbed primarily in the jejunum and metabolized in the liver. When consumed in excess of dietary glucose, it may be malabsorbed. Fructose is more lipogenic than glucose or starches, and usually causes greater elevations in triglycerides and sometimes in cholesterol than other carbo...
Folding and Function of I Domain-deleted Mac-1 and Lymphocyte Function-associated Antigen-1

In those integrins that contain it, the I domain is a major ligand recognition site. The I domain is inserted between beta-sheets 2 and 3 of the predicted beta-propeller domain of the integrin alpha subunit. We deleted the I domain from the integrin alpha(M) and alpha(L) subunits to give I-less Mac-1 and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), respectively. The I-less alpha(M) and alpha(L) subunits were expressed in association with the wild-type beta(2) subunit on the surface of transfected cells and bound to all the monoclonal antibodies mapped to the putative beta-propeller and C-terminal regions of the alpha(M) and alpha(L) subunits, suggesting that the folding of these domains is independent of the I domain. I-less Mac-1 bound to the ligands iC3b and factor X, but this binding was reduced compared with wild-type Mac-1. In contrast, I-less Mac-1 did not bind to fibrinogen or denatured bovine serum albumin. Binding to iC3b and factor X by I-less Mac-1 was inhibited by the function-blocking antibody CBRM1/32, which binds to the beta-propeller domain of the alpha(M) subunit. I-less LFA-1 did not bind its ligands intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and -3. Thus, the I domain is not essential for the folding, heterodimer formation, and surface expression of Mac-1 and LFA-1 and is required for binding to some ligands, but not others.
Dopaminergic stimulation of oxytocin concentrations in the plasma of male and female monkeys by apomorphine and a D2 receptor agonist.

Administration of the dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine causes a dose-dependent increase in plasma oxytocin concentrations and dose-specific behavioral changes in rodents. To investigate whether dopamine receptor agonists will elicit similar neuroendocrine and behavioral effects in primates, we administered graded doses of apomorphine and the respective dopamine D, and DP receptor agonists, CY 208-243 and LY 163502, to monkeys and monitored plasma concentrations of oxytocin and behavior. Five female rhesus, two male rhesus, and two male cynomolgus monkeys had chronic indwelling venous catheters implanted and were maintained on standard jacket/tether/ swivel systems to allow remote blood sample collection. During experiments, blood samples were collected 10 and 5 min before drug injection and at 2- to 120-min intervals after each injection. Apomorphine (50400 @g/kg) and LY 163502 (lo-100 rg/kg) elicited dose-dependent stimulations of oxytocin secretion. CY 208-243 (100-400 fig/kg) did not significantly affect oxytocin secretion. Low doses of apomorphine (50-100 valke) and LY 163502 (lo-25 rrelke) elicited vawnina. and .L. I. I. I high doses of apomorphine (200-400 rg/kg) and LY 163502 (56-100 uelkel elicited stereotvnic behaviors. No behavioral effects of CY 208,-, yl 243 (100-400 rg/kg) were observed. The magnitude of the oxytocin secretory responses varied among animals, but was similar in male and female monkeys. In summary, apomorphine and LY 163502 both elicited dose-related stimulation of oxytocin secretion coupled with dose-specific behavioral changes in male and female monkeys, while no effects of CY 208-243 on these parameters were observed. We conclude that dopamine receptor agonists, and in particular D2 agonists, may be useful tools for studies exploring the physiological and behavioral actions of oxytocin in primates. (J
Acylations with the acid chlorides of 2,5-diphenylfuran-3,4-dicarboxylic acid and 2,5-dimethylfuran-3,4-dicarboxylic acid and related compounds. II

The Friedel-Crafts acylation of six phenol ethers with 2, 5-diphenylfuran-3, 4-dicarbonyl chloride and with 2, 5-dimethylfuran-3, 4-dicarbonyl chloride yielded 2, 5-di-R-3, 4-diaroyl-furans or cyclic diketones. 2,5-Diphenylfuran-3,4-dicarboxylic acid anhydride reacted with these ethers to form keto acids.
A rapid tissue technique for the field assesssment of protein-calorie malnutrition

There is a need for age-independent techniques for the rapid field determination of the incidence and severity of protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM). This is especially true in tropical areas as techniques that are used routinely in well-equipped laboratories may not be adaptable to field conditions of high environmental temperature and humidity and irregular electrical power. The choice of hair as a tissue for the recognition of protein-calorie malnutrition may at first seem to be a peculiar one, but changes in hair color have been used extensively in the diagnosis of protein-calorie malnutrition. Of the eleven indicators of protein-calorie malnutrition listed by the World Health Organization, four deal with hair (1). During dietary protein deprivation, blood protein levels are maintained at the expense of tissue. It therefore seems reasonable that a test for early protein deprivation should be based on a protein-rich tissue, rather than blood. For the early recognition of PCM in tropical areas, hair tissue has a number of advantages over other tissues. Hair root specimens can be obtained more easily than most other tissues in non-hospital situations. Obtaining hair samples does not require special equipment, nor a local anesthetic, nor sterilization; and cross-infection problems are avoided. Hair tissue can be transported in hot, humid areas without special precautions for chemical stabilization or refrigeration. The samples can be obtained and examined in ambient temperatures with a low power microscope in laboratories that do not have electricity. Because many tropical hospital laboratories do not have control over ambient temperatures or humidity and some have no electrical power at all, these factors have to be considered in the selection of practicable techniques for the recognition of PCM. The use of root, rather than shaft, specimens eliminates the 3-week time lag between when protein deficiency affects their formation and when hair reaches a length for practical studies. Root preparations also avoid some of the ethnic effects on hair color and texture.
High-efficiency thermodynamic power cycles for concentrated solar power systems

Abstract This paper provides a review of high-efficiency thermodynamic cycles and their applicability to concentrating solar power systems, primarily focusing on high-efficiency single and combined cycles. Novel approaches to power generation proposed in the literature are also highlighted. The review is followed by analyses of promising candidates, including regenerated He-Brayton, regenerated CO2-Brayton, CO2 recompression Brayton, steam Rankine, and CO2–ORC combined cycle. Steam Rankine is shown to offer higher thermal efficiencies at temperatures up to about 600 °C but requires a change in materials for components above this temperature. Above this temperature, CO2 recompression Brayton cycles are shown to have very high thermal efficiency, potentially even exceeding 60% at 30 MPa maximum pressure and above 1000 °C maximum temperature with wet cooling. An estimate of a combined receiver and power cycle operating temperature is provided for the cycles considered and compared to the traditional approach of optimization based on the Carnot efficiency. It is shown that the traditional approach to optimizing the receiver and turbine inlet temperatures based on Carnot is generally not sufficient, leading to an optimum temperature shift of more than 100 °C from the Carnot case under various conditions.
Synthesis of Compliant Mechanisms With Specified Equilibrium Positions

This paper presents a synthesis procedure for a compliant four-bar linkage with three specified equilibrium configurations. The finite position synthesis equations are combined with equilibrium constraints at the flexure pivots to form design equations. These equations are simplified by modeling the joint angle variables in the equilibrium equations using sine and cosine functions. Solutions to these design equations were computed using a polynomial homotopy solver. In order to provide a design specification, we first compute the six equilibrium configurations of a known compliant four-bar mechanism. We use these results as design requirements to synthesize a compliant four-bar. The solver obtained eight real solutions which we refined using a Newton-Raphson technique. A numerical example is provided to verify the design methodology.
The Effect of Different Corporate Market Capitalizations in International Portfolio Strategy in Eleven Asian Countries

The study proved that the manners of returns generated from Large-, Mid- and Small- Cap stocks in 11 Asia countries are different and should not be ignored by international portfolio investors. We found that Asian Mid-Cap and Small-Cap markets indices have low correlations with both World market indices and among Cap market indices themselves; while Large-Cap funds have high correlations including amongst each other. Investors can obtain additional gains from international diversification if they consider including Mid- and Small-Cap stocks in their portfolio in Asian countries.
Skeletal muscle rheology based on cross-bridge mechanism

A set of constitutive equations is developed for skeletal muscle fibers by considering the statistical mechanics of cross-bridge action. Models with distinctly different mechanisms of cross-bridge action have been developed previously. All these models contain the cross-bridge extension x as an internal variable in their equations, which introduces considerable difficulties in numerical computations. The author seeks an alternative approach to eliminate the microscopic state variable x from the muscle contraction equations. The author solves the cross-bridge equations for a two-state model exactly by using piecewise-constant rate functions. The mathematical formulation of the model is given. >
Modeling the Dynamic Digestive System Microbiome.

“Modeling the Dynamic Digestive System Microbiome” is a hands-on activity designed to demonstrate the dynamics of microbiome ecology using dried pasta and beans to model disturbance events in the human digestive system microbiome. This exercise demonstrates how microbiome diversity is influenced by: 1) niche availability and habitat space and 2) a major disturbance event, such as antibiotic use. Students use a pictorial key to examine prepared models of digestive system microbiomes to determine what the person with the microbiome “ate.” Students then model the effect of taking antibiotics by removing certain “antibiotic sensitive” pasta. Finally, they add in “environmental microbes” or “native microbes” to recolonize the digestive system, determine how resilient their model microbome community is to disturbance, and discuss the implications. Throughout the exercise, students discuss differences in the habitat space available and microbiome community diversity. This exercise can be modified to discuss changes in the microbiome due to diet shifts and the emergence of antibiotic resistance in more depth.
Engineering Decisions in a Global Context and Social Choice

In this paper we specifically tackle the methodological problem of constructing an ethical framework for how professionals are to work within the global setting, and while this is an issue for a number of disciplines and professions including medicine, computer science, and education, for purposes of this paper we turn our attention to engineering. Specifically, we examine engineering in a global context and offer an analysis of how conflicts between normative constraints, imposed from several points of view, on engineering solutions are to be resolved.
Theoretical Developments in QCD Jet Energy Loss

Abstract We review the recent developments in the theory of jet-quenching. First, we analyze the coherent vacuum cascade and incoherent medium-induced cascade separately. We then discuss the interplay between the two kinds of cascade and the resulting partial decoherence of the inner jet structure. Finally, we report on recent calculations of higher-order corrections. In particular, the dominant radiative corrections to jet observables that yield the renormalization of the jet-quenching parameter are addressed.
Neurotrophin Expression and Gene Regulation in a Focal Cerebral Ischemia Model in the Rat

Injury to the central nervous system (CNS) is accompanied by increased release of neurotransmitter into extracellular space. Neurotransmitter actions may invoke two sequential responses. The first is an immediate and short–lived event mediated by second messengers such as calcium, IP3, diacylglycerol, cAMP, cGMP, etc. The second is a long–lasting process mediated by the so-called third messengers affecting the phenotypes of neuronal function through alteration of gene expression. Calcium appears to play an important role in linking the second-and third-messenger signaling processes. Protein kinase C (PKC), an enzyme that is activated by diacylglycerol resulting from the neurotransmitter-mediated hydrolysis of inositol phospholipids, relays information of a variety of extracellular signals across the cell membrane to regulate many intracellular process [2]. PKC is also involved in gene regulation [3]. Figure 1 shows signaling processes leading to gene regulation.
Multimodal Capture of Teacher-Student Interactions for Automated Dialogic Analysis in Live Classrooms

We focus on data collection designs for the automated analysis of teacher-student interactions in live classrooms with the goal of identifying instructional activities (e.g., lecturing, discussion) and assessing the quality of dialogic instruction (e.g., analysis of questions). Our designs were motivated by multiple technical requirements and constraints. Most importantly, teachers could be individually micfied but their audio needed to be of excellent quality for automatic speech recognition (ASR) and spoken utterance segmentation. Individual students could not be micfied but classroom audio quality only needed to be sufficient to detect student spoken utterances. Visual information could only be recorded if students could not be identified. Design 1 used an omnidirectional laptop microphone to record both teacher and classroom audio and was quickly deemed unsuitable. In Designs 2 and 3, teachers wore a wireless Samson AirLine 77 vocal headset system, which is a unidirectional microphone with a cardioid pickup pattern. In Design 2, classroom audio was recorded with dual first- generation Microsoft Kinects placed at the front corners of the class. Design 3 used a Crown PZM-30D pressure zone microphone mounted on the blackboard to record classroom audio. Designs 2 and 3 were tested by recording audio in 38 live middle school classrooms from six U.S. schools while trained human coders simultaneously performed live coding of classroom discourse. Qualitative and quantitative analyses revealed that Design 3 was suitable for three of our core tasks: (1) ASR on teacher speech (word recognition rate of 66% and word overlap rate of 69% using Google Speech ASR engine); (2) teacher utterance segmentation (F-measure of 97%); and (3) student utterance segmentation (F-measure of 66%). Ideas to incorporate video and skeletal tracking with dual second-generation Kinects to produce Design 4 are discussed.
Pre-colonial (A.D. 1100–1600) sedimentation related to prehistoric maize agriculture and climate change in eastern North America

Despite the importance of understanding the effect of land use on floodplains in eastern North America, few studies have directly addressed the possibility and extent of prehistoric indigenous land use on floodplain development. Here we report geoarchaeological evidence of increasing floodplain sedimentation and prehistoric land-use intensification in the Delaware River Valley (eastern United States) during the Medieval Climate Anomaly–Little Ice Age transition. The evidence of this anthropogenic sedimentation event, documented throughout eastern North America, is designated here as pre-colonial sediment (PCS), ca. A.D. 1100–1600. The data demonstrate that the combined effects of prehistoric land use and climate change affected eastern North American floodplain development several hundred years prior to the onset of major European settlement.
Representation in Congress: The Case of the House Agriculture Committee

Students of American politics are told that our political system is fundamentally a representative democracy. Concepts of representaion, since Burke, have commonly employed his distinction between action taken in response to instructions from constituents and action based on an independent appraisal of the national interest. A very recent analysis has offered a refinement of this, by distinguishing three types: “delegate,” “trustee” and “politico.” Theory and history alike tell us, however, that a representative does not invariably act in only one of these roles. There have been a number of empirical studies of representatives, few of which concentrate on specific policy fields; and studies also of the play of interests in the enactment of specific legislation, but without a systematic account of the legislative committee members involved, acting in their representative capacities as they saw them. How then can we tell when to expect a representative to view his role in one way rather than another? The aim of this article is to shed a little light on some aspects of this broad question by means of a case study.The subjects of the study were the members of the House Agriculture Committee and their action on the omnibus farm legislation (H. R. 12954 and S. 4071) in 1958 (85th Congress, second session). Most of the data were obtained from interviews with thirty of the thirty-four Committee members but, in addition, the specific stands of members in subcommittees, the full committee, and on the House floor were traced, through the printed hearings and the Congressional Record of floor debates. Finally, other interested and knowledgeable people were interviewed, newspaper accounts were studied, and the characteristics of constituencies were examined.
The Effects of Power Level on the Microwave Heating of Selected Chemicals and Minerals

The effect of power level on the microwave heating characteristics of a variety of reagent-grade chemicals and minerals has been determined in a Bureau of Mines study. Heating rates of the powdered samples are presented for incident power ranging from 500 to 2,000 W at 2.45 GHz. The apparatus consisted of a WR 975 waveguide-applicator mounted to WR 284 waveguide sections and connected to a 3-kW power source. Tests were conducted in an alumina crucible enclosed in a fused-quartz beaker that was fitted with a Teflon lid to allow for a controlled inert atmosphere and thermocouple insertion. In general, heating rates increased as input power increased. Exceptions to this were some very high-lossy (microwave receptive) and very low-lossy materials that showed negligible changes with increased power. Microwave data collected should provide insight as to possible chemical and mineral processing applications as well as to assist in predictions of processing parameters.
77 PREDICTORS OF IN-STENT RESTENOSIS AND PATIENT OUTCOME AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN DIABETES MELLITUS.

Background Diabetics have a significantly higher incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and in-stent restenosis (ISR) than nondiabetics after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Predictors of MACE and ISR are uncertain in diabetics. There are few data about the association of microalbuminuria and diabetic retinopathy with MACE and ISR. Methods We studied 195 patients (63 ± 9 years, 98% males) with diabetes mellitus who underwent PCI. We investigated ISR and incidence of MACE (cumulative of myocardial infarction, revascularization, and deaths from cardiac causes) in these patients; all patients were on statins. Results Of 195 patients, 107 had follow-up catheterization at a mean of 16 months. Of these 107 patients, 56 developed ISR. In the multivariate model, microalbuminuria or diabetic retinopathy did not have any significant association with ISR (OR = 0.659, CI 0.247-1.75, p = .40 and OR = 2.02, CI 0.64-6.37, p = .22, respectively) or MACE (OR = 1.342, CI 0.7-2.55, p = .37 and OR = 0.945, CI 0.437-2.04, p = .88, respectively). Plasma level of HDL cholesterol was inversely associated with the incidence of ISR (OR −0.928, CI 0.876-0.983, p = .011) and MACE (OR −0.965, CI 0.931-1, p = .048). Use of a Cypher stent (vs bare metal stent) had a negative association with ISR (OR −0.171, CI 0.05-0.585, p = .004). The presence of renal disease was associated with higher MACE (OR 3.19, CI 1.45-7.031, p = .0039). The multivariate model was adjusted for the size of the target vessel, complexity of lesion, type of stent, and plasma LDL levels. Conclusion HDL cholesterol level is inversely associated with ISR and MACE after PCI in high-risk diabetic patients. However, microalbuminuria or diabetic retinopathy are not associated with ISR or MACE.
The Effects of Breakfast and Breakfast Composition on Cognition in Adults

Extensive literature has addressed the acute cognitive effects of breaking a fast. Recent reviews in this line of work have synthesized available research on the cognitive consequences of fasting compared with nutrient intake and the cognitive effects of macronutrient consumption. These largely have been inconclusive, possibly in part because of selection criteria limiting the scope of studies covered. The purpose of the current review is to integrate the results of the literature examining the cognitive effects of breakfast and breakfast composition in adults with the use of a flexible definition of breakfast, specifically, any caloric intake after a fasting period of ≥8 h. This review includes 38 studies that examine the acute cognitive impact of breakfast and 16 studies that examine the effects of breakfast composition. Results suggest that healthy adults show a small but robust advantage for memory (particularly delayed recall) from consuming breakfast. Largely equivocal results emerge for attention and motor and executive function; there were no effects from breakfast on language. Regarding breakfast composition, a smaller number of studies and widely disparate methodology addressing this question preclude definitive conclusions about the effects of cognition. A subset of this literature examines these questions in the context of glucoregulation; the findings emphasize the importance of considering differences in glucoregulation in research designs, even among healthy cohorts. The limitations of this literature include methodologic differences, such as the use of different tests to measure cognitive constructs, as well as the effects of timing in test administration.
Opioid Use Disorder, Attachment, and Parenting: Key Concerns for Practitioners

In the United States, the current epidemic of opioid use disorders impacts many parents and their children. Historically, interventions for parents with substance use disorders have focused on two separate areas, achieving and maintaining abstinence and learning parenting skills. These interventions do not address the parent/child relationship, and the impact of parental opioid use disorder on attachment. Insecure attachment, particularly disorganized attachment, negatively affects the child’s development and safety. Attachment should always be considered when doing a safety assessment or planning an intervention for parents with opioid use disorders. This conceptual paper describes the impact of parental opioid use on attachment across the developmental span of childhood, highlighting research about opioid use disorder, parenting, and attachment which is relevant for practitioners working with parents with opioid use disorders, as child protection workers, substance abuse counselors, or therapists. Identification, attachment assessment tools, and empirical research on attachment-based interventions are discussed.
Sleep Wrinkles: Facial Aging and Facial Distortion During Sleep

Wrinkles are just one indicator of facial aging, but an indicator that is of prime importance in our world of facial aesthetics. Wrinkles occur where fault lines develop in aging skin. Those fault lines may be due to skin distortion resulting from facial expression or may be due to skin distortion from mechanical compression during sleep. Expression wrinkles and sleep wrinkles differ in etiology, location, and anatomical pattern. Compression, shear, and stress forces act on the face in lateral or prone sleep positions. We review the literature relating to the development of wrinkles and the biomechanical changes that occur in response to intrinsic and extrinsic influences. We explore the possibility that compression during sleep not only results in wrinkles but may also contribute to facial skin expansion.
Patent Damages Heuristics

In many domains, including law, decisionmakers often resort to heuristics, which others have aptly described as “shortcuts that simplify and speed up decision making” by, for example, “ignor[ing] some of the available information” to arrive at “adequate, though often imperfect, answers to difficult questions.” In this paper, I argue that a patent system that more readily accepts the use of damages heuristics may better serve public policy than one that requires patent owners to substantiate every aspect of their claimed damages with rigorous proof. More specifically, policymakers confronted with the choice between a proposed heuristic and an open-ended, nonheuristic standard (or an alternative heuristic) ideally should choose the proposed heuristic when the sum of the administrative and error costs associated with its use is lower than the sum of the administrative and error costs resulting from the use of the nonheuristic (or alternative heuristic). To be sure, there often may be no easy way to evaluate whether this condition is satisfied — due both to the paucity of the evidence and to the fact that the cost one attributes to error depends in part on the value one places on the importance of accurate damages calculations to patent policy. Nevertheless, I will argue that, at least in some recurring situations, policymakers can reach a reasoned conclusion whether or not use of a particular heuristic is likely to improve social welfare; and that, more generally, the patent system would benefit if courts were more mindful of both the necessary tradeoffs to be made in calculating damages and where the gaps in our knowledge lie.
Advancing Our Understanding of the Interface Between Perception and Intergroup Relations

We are delighted to have the opportunity to respond to Y. Jenny Xiao, Geraldine Coppin, and Jay J. Van Bavel's (this issue) perceptual model of intergroup relations. We see this model as filling an...
Agent orange, monsters, and we humans

Abstract This paper recounts the work of the American artist collective Yelling Clinic, a group of artists who have direct experience of disability and war, in collaboration with Vietnamese disabled artists and activists in Vietnam in 2011. Focusing on the toxic ecological effects of the herbicide Agent Orange, the essay explores the ethics of Agent Orange representation, focusing on a series of art pieces (and the collaborations that produced them) that work not as documentary evidence of the ravages of dioxin, not as an archive of monstrosity, but as vibrant expressions of and within a complex nexus of disability arts cultures.
Intraoperative visualization of plasmon resonant liposomes using augmented microscopy

Plasmon resonance associated with nanoparticles of gold can enable photothermal ablation of tissues or controlled drug release with exquisite temporal and spatial control. These technologies may support many applications of precision medicine. However, clinical implementations of these technologies will require new methods of intraoperative imaging and guidance. Near-infrared laser surgery is a prime example that relies on improved image guidance. Here we set forth applications of augmented microscopy in guiding surgical procedures employing plasmon resonant gold-coated liposomes. Absorption of near-infrared laser light is the first step in activation of various diagnostic and therapeutic functions of these novel functional nanoparticles. Therefore, we demonstrate examples of near-infrared visualization of the laser beam and gold-coated liposomes. The augmented microscope proves to be a promising image guidance platform for a range of image-guided medical procedures.
Hydrodynamic fluctuations near a critical endpoint and Hanbury-Brown-Twiss interferometry

The field of high-energy nuclear collisions has witnessed a surge of interest in the role played by hydrodynamic fluctuations. Hydrodynamic fluctuations may have significant effects on matter created in heavy-ion accelerators whose trajectories in the plane of temperature versus chemical potential pass near a possible critical endpoint. We extend previous studies to explore the impact of these fluctuations on Hanbury-Brown--Twiss interferometry of identical hadrons. With an appropriately defined correlation function we find that the fluctuations increase substantially when the trajectory passes near a critical endpoint and also displays a damped oscillatory behavior in the rapidity distance $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}y$ unlike that originating from initial-state fluctuations.
Solitary fibrous tumor with multiple intracranial and spinal lesions: case report.

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) has been previously reported for its wide variety of presentations and atypical sites. We report a case of recurrent SFT with multiple intracranial and spinal lesions. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 45-year-old female with recurrent right frontoparietal SFT was found to have multiple intracranial and spinal lesions. Most of the lesions are asymptomatic. Each of the intracranial and spinal lesions has been confirmed histologically. In 1999 the patient was found to have a single right temporal SFT and had a gross total resection of the lesion. In 2005 the patient underwent a second gross total resection for the recurrence of the right temporal-parietal lesion, followed by radiation therapy. In 2009 she underwent a third and fourth gross total resection of the right frontoparietal lesion, and the L4-5 mass, as well as a cervical laminectomy for an extramedullary spinal lesion causing spinal compression. CONCLUSION: This is the first case report of recurrent SFT with multiple intracranial and spinal lesions. This case illustrates the nature of recurrence and multiplicity of SFT and raises the importance of a thorough investigation, especially in the entire neuroaxis, in patients with the diagnosis of SFT. This case also questions the justification of the name that was given to this tumor.
µDroid: an energy-aware mutation testing framework for Android

The rising popularity of mobile apps deployed on battery-constrained devices underlines the need for effectively evaluating their energy properties. However, currently there is a lack of testing tools for evaluating the energy properties of apps. As a result, for energy testing, developers are relying on tests intended for evaluating the functional correctness of apps. Such tests may not be adequate for revealing energy defects and inefficiencies in apps. This paper presents an energy-aware mutation testing framework, called μDROID, that can be used by developers to assess the adequacy of their test suite for revealing energy-related defects. μDROID implements fifty energy-aware mutation operators and relies on a novel, automatic oracle to determine if a mutant can be killed by a test. Our evaluation on real-world Android apps shows the ability of proposed mutation operators for evaluating the utility of tests in revealing energy defects. Moreover, our automated oracle can detect whether tests kill the energy mutants with an overall accuracy of 94%, thereby making it possible to apply μDROID automatically.
Genetic differentiation and inferred dynamics of a hybrid zone between Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) and California Spotted Owls (S. o. occidentalis) in northern California.

Genetic differentiation among Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis) subspecies has been established in prior studies. These investigations also provided evidence for introgression and hybridization among taxa but were limited by a lack of samples from geographic regions where subspecies came into close contact. We analyzed new sets of samples from Northern Spotted Owls (NSO: S. o. caurina) and California Spotted Owls (CSO: S. o. occidentalis) in northern California using mitochondrial DNA sequences (mtDNA) and 10 nuclear microsatellite loci to obtain a clearer depiction of genetic differentiation and hybridization in the region. Our analyses revealed that a NSO population close to the northern edge of the CSO range in northern California (the NSO Contact Zone population) is highly differentiated relative to other NSO populations throughout the remainder of their range. Phylogenetic analyses identified a unique lineage of mtDNA in the NSO Contact Zone, and Bayesian clustering analyses of the microsatellite data identified the Contact Zone as a third distinct population that is differentiated from CSO and NSO found in the remainder of the subspecies' range. Hybridization between NSO and CSO was readily detected in the NSO Contact Zone, with over 50% of individuals showing evidence of hybrid ancestry. Hybridization was also identified among 14% of CSO samples, which were dispersed across the subspecies' range in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. The asymmetry of hybridization suggested that the hybrid zone may be dynamic and moving. Although evidence of hybridization existed, we identified no F1 generation hybrid individuals. We instead found evidence for F2 or backcrossed individuals among our samples. The absence of F1 hybrids may indicate that (1) our 10 microsatellites were unable to distinguish hybrid types, (2) primary interactions between subspecies are occurring elsewhere on the landscape, or (3) dispersal between the subspecies' ranges is reduced relative to historical levels, potentially as a consequence of recent regional fires.
Electrical Safety in the Operating Room

Electrical safety in the operating room depends first on an understanding of a number of technical concepts such as Ohm’s law (voltage equals current times resistance) and the difference between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC). In addition, one must understand the use of electrical grounding, electrical isolation transformers, and other protection devices. The performance of electrical isolation transformers are monitored using a line isolation monitor. The effect of electrical current passing through the body is determined by the amount of current (amperes), its path through the body, and the duration of the current flow. Should an electrical shock occur, damage can occur via the disruption of the normal physiological function of cells or raising the temperature of the tissue sufficiently to produce a burn. Macroshock refers to large amounts of current flowing through a person, which can cause harm or death. Microshock refers to very small amounts of current (in the microampere and milliampere range) and applies only to the electrically susceptible patient, such as an individual who has an external conduit that is in direct contact with the heart.
Perceptual similarity judgments of voices: Effects of talker and listener language, vocal source acoustics, and time-reversal

Listeners demonstrate reliable perceptual biases favoring voices speaking their native language versus those speaking a foreign language. This “language-familiarity effect” for voice processing has been found even for perceptual similarity judgments: Voices speaking listeners’ native language sound less alike, even when those recordings have been rendered incomprehensible via time-reversal. Here, we sought to replicate and extend this finding of linguistic effects on voice similarity. Native English- and Mandarin-speaking listeners (both N = 40) rated the perceptual similarity of voices speaking English or Mandarin (both N = 20) for either time-reversed or forward speech. Both listener groups tended to find Mandarin-speaking voices more dissimilar, but this effect was reduced for English-speaking listeners, especially for forward speech. Perceptual similarity judgments of voices were always highly correlated between listener groups and between forward/time-reversed speech. Acoustic measurements (voice fun...
Physiology and Abnormalities of Leukocytes

The circulating pool of neutrophils reflect a dynamic equilibrium between neutrophil precursors and mature neutrophils in the bone marrow, circulating neutrophils and activated neutrophils that have migrated into the tissues. The bone marrow is the predominant hematopoietic organ after birth. Within the bone marrow, pluripotential hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells give rise to lineage committed neutrophil precursors. These precursors mature under the influence of growth factors such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The bone marrow thus contains pools of immature neutrophils and of stored mature neutrophils. After leaving the bone marrow, neutrophils are transiently in the circulation for a brief period of hours after which they translocate into the tissues.
Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction: The Effect of Pyeloplasty on Renal Function

AbstractWe studied preoperatively and postoperatively 41 children who underwent pyeloplasty for correction of unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Conventional radiological studies and quantitative radioiodine hippurate renal scans were obtained to assess the effect of pyeloplasty on the appearance of the kidney and its function.Analysis of the data suggests that the degree of improvement in renal function is related primarily to the age at which the surgical correction is accomplished and whether infection has occurred preoperatively.
Measurement Problems in Quantum Field Theory in the 1930’s

On 18 September 1931 Werner Heisenberg wrote to Niels Bohr that “my work seems to be somewhat gray on gray.” The bright future for quantum physics that seemed to be just over the horizon in Fall of 1927 darkened with the formulation of relativistic quantum mechanics. The principal problems were: P.A. M. Dirac’s 1928 electron theory predicted negative energy states that resisted interpretation; in 1928, Heisenberg and Wolfgang Pauli found that in quantum electrodynamics the electron’s self energy is divergent; and the continuous energy spectrum of p-particles in the supposedly two-body final state of nuclear p-decay implied that energy was not conserved in nuclear reactions and that perhaps quantum mechanics was not valid within the nucleus.
CEDAR OnDemand: a browser extension to generate ontology-based scientific metadata

Public biomedical data repositories often provide web-based interfaces to collect experimental metadata. However, these interfaces typically reflect the ad hoc metadata specification practices of the associated repositories, leading to a lack of standardization in the collected metadata. This lack of standardization limits the ability of the source datasets to be broadly discovered, reused, and integrated with other datasets. To increase reuse, discoverability, and reproducibility of the described experiments, datasets should be appropriately annotated by using agreed-upon terms, ideally from ontologies or other controlled term sources. This work presents “CEDAR OnDemand”, a browser extension powered by the NCBO (National Center for Biomedical Ontology) BioPortal that enables users to seamlessly enter ontology-based metadata through existing web forms native to individual repositories. CEDAR OnDemand analyzes the web page contents to identify the text input fields and associate them with relevant ontologies which are recommended automatically based upon input fields’ labels (using the NCBO ontology recommender) and a pre-defined list of ontologies. These field-specific ontologies are used for controlling metadata entry. CEDAR OnDemand works for any web form designed in the HTML format. We demonstrate how CEDAR OnDemand works through the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) BioSample web-based metadata entry. CEDAR OnDemand helps lower the barrier of incorporating ontologies into standardized metadata entry for public data repositories. CEDAR OnDemand is available freely on the Google Chrome store https://chrome.google.com/webstore/search/CEDAROnDemand
Two-Stage Exchange and Marlex-Mesh Reconstruction for Infection with Extensor Mechanism Disruption After Total Knee Arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the knee with concurrent disruption of the extensor mechanism is a devastating complication. Historically, knees with such complications have been salvaged with use of an arthrodesis or amputation. The purpose of this study was to assess the survival and functional outcomes of a 2-stage exchange arthroplasty combined with knitted monofilament polypropylene (Marlex; C.R. Bard) mesh reconstruction of the extensor mechanism. METHODS From 2000 to 2015, 16 patients underwent a 2-stage exchange arthroplasty and Marlex-mesh reconstruction for PJI with an extensor mechanism disruption. The study included 9 male patients and 7 female patients with a mean age at the time of reimplantation and mesh reconstruction of 64 years. The mean follow-up was 4 years. PJI was diagnosed on the basis of the Musculoskeletal Infection Society criteria. Clinical outcomes, including survivorship, Knee Society Score (KSS) results, and complications, were assessed. RESULTS Of 16 reconstructions, 13 were in place at the time of the latest follow-up. At 2 years, survivorship free of mesh failure was 86%, survivorship free of PJI was 87%, and survivorship free of PJI or mesh failure was 75%. The mean KSS improved from 48 prior to resection to 74 after mesh reconstruction and reimplantation. The mean extensor lag improved from 31° prior to resection to 3° after mesh reconstruction. Two patients required mesh revision, 1 patient required an above-the-knee amputation for complex wound complications related to reinfection, 1 patient developed a reinfection requiring irrigation and debridement, and 1 patient developed a superficial infection that required debridement. CONCLUSIONS Two-stage exchange arthroplasty combined with Marlex-mesh reconstruction of the extensor mechanism is a viable alternative to knee arthrodesis or amputation. At 2 years, 75% of mesh reconstructions were in place and without evidence of PJI. Moreover, the functional outcomes were improved, with a negligible extensor lag. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Baroclinic Tidal Sea Level from Exact-Repeat Mission Altimetry

AbstractA near-global model for the sea surface expression of the baroclinic tide has been developed using exact-repeat mission altimetry. The methodology used differs in detail from other altimetr...
An Interactive Workshop Reviewing Basic Biostatistics and Applying Bayes' Theorem to Diagnostic Testing and Clinical Decision-Making

Introduction Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values—the basic statistics behind using and interpreting screening and diagnostic tests—are taught in all medical schools, yet studies have sh...
Sales manager cost control engagement: antecedents and performance implications

Many organizations face competing agendas by which they are expected to simultaneously grow sales output while controlling associated costs. At the interface of this organizational pressure and the...
UNIT 12.9 Live-Animal Imaging of Renal Function by Multiphoton Microscopy

Intravital microscopy, microscopy of living animals, is a powerful research technique that combines the resolution and sensitivity found in microscopic studies of cultured cells with the relevance and systemic influences of cells in the context of the intact animal. The power of intravital microscopy has recently been extended with the development of multiphoton fluorescence microscopy systems capable of collecting optical sections from deep within the kidney at subcellular resolution, supporting high-resolution characterizations of the structure and function of glomeruli, tubules, and vasculature in the living kidney. Fluorescent probes are administered to an anesthetized, surgically prepared animal, followed by image acquisition for up to 3 hr. Images are transferred via a high-speed network to specialized computer systems for digital image analysis. This general approach can be used with different combinations of fluorescent probes to evaluate processes such as glomerular permeability, proximal tubule endocytosis, microvascular flow, vascular permeability, mitochondrial function, and cellular apoptosis/necrosis. Curr. Protoc. Cytom. 62:12.9.1-12.9.18. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: multiphoton microscopy; intravital microscopy; in vivo microscopy; fluorescence microscopy
Accounting for mediatization in the era of individualized consequential accountability

In this paper, we report on our investigation of news coverage of accountability reform in The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal during the implementation and assessment of New York’s Race...
Perinatal depression and infant mental health

A mother's mental health during pregnancy and the first year postpartum is of the utmost importance to the cognitive, social, and emotional development of her child. Perinatal depression is associated with increased risk for wide-ranging adverse child development effects that can affect infant and early childhood mental health. Although effective treatments for perinatal depression exist, it is currently unclear if treatment of maternal depression alone is sufficient to ameliorate the negative effects of maternal depression on child outcomes. Interventions focused on the mother-infant relationship and dyadic interaction may be required to address the potential effect of maternal depression on the child. This paper provides an overview of maternal perinatal depression, the risk it poses for infant/early-childhood mental health, strategies for intervention that include mitigating depression and decreasing risk to the child, and implications for psychiatric nurses who work with perinatal women. Early identification and treatment of perinatal depression are critical to ensure optimal infant development and the child's future mental health.