cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pneumococcal Bacteremia in Febrile Infants Presenting to the Emergency Department Before and After the Introduction of the Heptavalent Pneumococcal Vaccine

Study objective Fever is among the most common presenting complaints of infants and children younger than 3 years who present to the emergency department (ED). The evaluation and management of the febrile child is evolving rapidly. We compare the proportion of pneumococcal bacteremia between febrile infants and children younger than 3 years who had and had not received the heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine and who had received blood culture tests in our ED. Methods We performed a nonconcurrent prospective observational cohort study, with a standardized medical record review to collect data of patients treated in the ED of a tertiary care military hospital during 24 months. Patients were eligible if they were younger than 36 months and had a temperature greater than or equal to 100.4°F (38°C). A data collection sheet was used to abstract age, temperature, and whether CBC count and blood cultures were obtained. Heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine status and blood culture results were obtained through review of the computerized medical record. Descriptive analysis was used for comparing the 2 groups. Group size analysis was based on the prevalence of occult bacteremia caused by Pneumococcus before the introduction of heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine. Interobserver variation was assessed by independent review of 10% of abstracted records. The main outcome measure was the proportion of positive pneumococcal blood cultures in infants and children younger than 3 years who had received at least 1 vaccination of heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine versus those who had not. Results Three thousand five hundred seventy-one patients met entry criteria; 1,428 had blood cultures obtained, and 833 of them received at least 1 immunization of heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine. All groups were similar in age, sex, and temperature. Positive blood culture results, including probable contaminants, were obtained for 4.2% (58/1,383) of the patients. In the heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine group, there were 0 of 833 (0%) positive pneumococcal blood cultures compared with 13 of 550 (2.4%) in the unimmunized group ( P Conclusion Pneumococcal bacteremia was found to be lower in our patients who had received the heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine than in the patients who had not.
Robust m -interval detection procedures for strong mixing noise

Abstract In this paper, the theory of robust partition detectors is extended to the dependent noise case where the observable samples satisfy strong mixing conditions, and the underlying stationary noise process is non-Gaussian in general. The statistical properties of the test statistics are investigated and the asymptotic normality of the test has been proved in the dependent noise environments. The locally optimum scores of the test are computed for signals with low signal-to-noise ratio by miximizing its asymptotic efficiency. The robust characteristics and asymptotic behavior of the test are also analyzed.
Differences in whole-body angular momentum between below-knee amputees and non-amputees across walking speeds

Unilateral, below-knee amputees have an increased risk of falling compared to non-amputees. The regulation of whole-body angular momentum is important for preventing falls, but little is known about how amputees regulate angular momentum during walking. This study analyzed three-dimensional, whole-body angular momentum at four walking speeds in 12 amputees and 10 non-amputees. The range of angular momentum in all planes significantly decreased with increasing walking speed for both groups. However, the range of frontal-plane angular momentum was greater in amputees compared to non-amputees at the first three walking speeds. This range was correlated with a reduced second vertical ground reaction force peak in both the intact and residual legs. In the sagittal plane, the amputee range of angular momentum in the first half of the residual leg gait cycle was significantly larger than in the non-amputees at the three highest speeds. In the second half of the gait cycle, the range of sagittal-plane angular momentum was significantly smaller in amputees compared to the non-amputees at all speeds. Correlation analyses suggested that the greater range of angular momentum in the first half of the amputee gait cycle is associated with reduced residual leg braking and that the smaller range of angular momentum in the second half of the gait cycle is associated with reduced residual leg propulsion. Thus, reducing residual leg braking appears to be a compensatory mechanism to help regulate sagittal-plane angular momentum over the gait cycle, but may lead to an increased risk of falling.
Lipid Metabolism During Early Stages of Wallerian Degeneration in the Rat Sciatic Nerve

We examined changes in biosynthetic capacity of sciatic nerve during the early stages of Wallerian degeneration, utilizing a model that permits exclusion of nonresident cells from degenerating nerve. Sciatic nerve segments were placed in either 5-μm pore (allowing infiltration of nonresident cells) or 0.22-μm pore (excluding nonresident cells) Millipore diffusion chambers and then implanted in the peritoneal cavity of the same 32-34-day-old rat. At times up to 7 days post-surgery, nerve segments from the chambers, as well as control segments from the contralateral sciatic nerve, were removed and their capacity to incorporate radioactive precursors into lipids and proteins assayed in vitro. In nerve segments from both the 0.22- and 5-μm pore chambers, incorporation of [14C]acetate into total lipids was decreased relative to control by 50% at 12 h postsurgery and by 85% at day 3. This decreased incorporation of [14C]acetate reflects primarily decreased de novo synthesis of cholesterol and of fatty acyl residues incorporated into glycerolipids and sphingolipids. There was a preferentially decreased synthesis of cerebrosides and cholesterol (components enriched in myelin) relative to other lipids, while cholesterol esters and free fatty acids (products of membrane degradation) accounted for a greater proportion of the greatly reduced levels of total lipid label. In contrast to [14C]acetate, incorporation of [3H]glycerol into lipids was increased up to fourfold, relative to control, 1 day after nerve transection. This increased incorporation of [3H]glycerol does not reflect de novo synthesis of lipids (which is decreased), but rather removal of toxic fatty acyl residues derived from degradation of myelin lipids; these toxic compounds must be removed by resynthesis into nonmyelin glycerolipids and cholesterol esters. The inhibition of de novo synthesis of myelin lipids in Schwann cells during the early stages of Wallerian degeneration occurs independently of hematogenously-derived cells. We suggest that Wallerian degeneration rapidly results in some breakdown of myelin, and that the increased free fatty acid levels resulting from degradation of myelin lipids inhibit the de novo synthesis of new myelin lipid.
Determination of Sample Size in Service Inspection

When performing inservice inspection on a large volume of identical components, it becomes an almost impossible task to inspect all those in which defects may exist, even if their failure probabilities are known. As a result, an appropriate sample size needs to be determined when setting up an inspection program. In this paper, a probabilistic analysis method is employed to solve this problem. It is assumed that the characteristic data of components has a certain distribution which can be taken as known when the mean and standard deviations of serviceable and defective sets of components are estimated. The sample size can then be determined within an acceptable assigned error range. In this way, both false rejection and acceptance can be avoided with a high degree of confidence.
Differentiation of the vertebrate neural tube

The vertebrate nervous system arises through a series of inductive interactions, beginning with the induction of the neural plate and the rostrocaudal patterning of the neural tube. The process continues with dorsoventral patterning of the neural tube, during which floor plate cells and motor neurons are induced ventrally by interactions of the neural tube with the notochord, and dorsal cell types are induced via neural plate/ectodermal interactions. Later interactions result in the formation of interneurons as well as neuronal migrations. Recent progress, guided in part by knowledge of evolutionary conservation of transcription factors and signaling pathways, is beginning to reveal the cellular and molecular bases of each of these steps in neuronal patterning.
RNP Export by Nuclear Envelope Budding

Nuclear export of mRNAs is thought to occur exclusively through nuclear pore complexes. In this issue of Cell , Speese et al. identify an alternate pathway for mRNA export in muscle cells where ribonucleoprotein complexes involved in forming neuromuscular junctions transit the nuclear envelope by fusing with and budding through the nuclear membrane.
Beyond the Ramsey model for climate change assessments

The Ramsey optimal growth model contains a class of ethical frameworks popular among economists for assessing climate change. This essay critiques the Ramsey model, highlighting shortcomings in it and describing how to go beyond it towards more nuanced assessments through more accurate utility approximation and more diverse climate change mitigation strategies. This essay also critiques the 2 popular approaches for defining the model's ethics, prescriptivism and descriptivism, both in and beyond the Ramsey model context. The descriptive approach is found to hold serious flaws and should be rejected. Despite the model's various shortcomings, the climate change assessments using it provide a valuable applied ethics tool and bolster the case for climate change mitigation.
Clonal Complexes of Campylobacter jejuni Identified by Multilocus Sequence Typing Correlate with Strain Associations Identified by Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis

Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with SmaI were used to subtype 55 isolates of Campylobacter jejuni from a diverse range of human and animal sources previously characterized by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE). MEE and MLST targeted 11 and 7 loci, respectively, and all loci were unique to each method. MEE, MLST, and PFGE identified 40, 37, and 48 discrete subtypes, respectively, with many of the subtypes occurring only once within the data set. Simpson's indices of diversity were calculated to be 0.979, 0.966, and 0.994 for MEE, MLST, and PFGE, respectively, demonstrating that MEE and MLST had similar discriminatory powers but that PFGE was more discriminatory. Allele diversity was higher in the MLST loci; individual single-locus diversities for the 11 MEE loci and the 7 MLST loci were 0.491 and 0.854, respectively. The clonal complexes recognized by MLST correlated with the strain associations previously recognized by MEE and contained some isolates indistinguishable by PFGE. Many clusters contained isolates from diverse geographical regions and from both humans and animals. These results demonstrate the usefulness of MLST for investigation of the global epidemiology of this important pathogen and illustrate its potential to identify indistinguishable strains or clones in geographically distinct regions.
Poly(U) and transfer RNA binding sites on reticulocyte ribosomes

Abstract The alkylating agent 2-iodoacetamide was used to identify several protein components of mammalian ribosomes which were either masked or exposed by components of the aminoacyl transfer RNA binding reaction. When ribosomes and polyuridylic acid were allowed to form a complex, one iodoacetamide-reactive site of the smaller (40-S) ribosomal subunit was found to become more accessible to that reagent. Subsequent addition of aminoacyl and/or deacylated transfer RNA largely reversed this effect. Another protein fraction, this one a component of the larger (60-S) subunit, was significantly masked by either transfer RNA preparation; the effect was polyuridylic acid-dependent. In the intact uncomplexed ribosome, the site associated with polyuridylic acid appears to be relatively inaccessible to alkylation. This implies either that it is located in the interior of the ribosome or else it is more superficial but masked by other components of the ribosome.
Chaotic insonification for health monitoring of an adhesively bonded composite stiffened panel

Time series prediction algorithms combined with ultrasonic chaotic excitations have shown the ability to locate and identify loss of preload in a bolted aluminum joint in previous research [1,2]. This study examines the ability of this method to classify various bond state damage conditions of a composite bonded joint, including various disbond sizes and poorly cured bonds. The stiffened panel test structure is intended to be a simplification of a wing skin-to-spar bonded joint. An active excitation signal is imparted to the structure through a macro-fiber composite (MFC) patch on one side of the bonded joint and sensed using an equivalent MFC patch on the opposite side of the joint. There is an MFC actuator/sensor pair for each bond condition to be identified. A novel statistical classification feature is developed from information theory concepts of cross-prediction and interdependence.
Effect of substrate flexibility on dynamic wetting: a finite element model

Abstract Dynamic wetting plays an important role in coating processes. In this paper, we present a new finite element formulation that can predict the effect of substrate deformation on the location of the dynamic contact line. Our model solves for the fluid–structural interactions between an elastic solid and a viscous liquid with a dynamic contact line that can move across the deformable solid surface. Surface tension forces acting at the dynamic contact line pull outwards on the substrate and cause the formation of capillary ridge. To predict the shape of the capillary ridge and motion of dynamic contact line, our model uses arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) mesh motion in both fluid and solid phases, because ALE decouples the motion of solid and mesh points. In dynamic wetting of rigid solids it is known that a singularity arises at the dynamic wetting line due to a double-valued velocity. The singularity is often relieved by allowing a slip in a small contact region near the dynamic contact line. Dynamic wetting on flexible substrates involves a second singularity, which arises in the solid domain due to a line force acting at the contact line. The line force singularity is relieved by distributing the force over a finite contact region. Two ALE methods of mesh motion are implemented and compared. The variation of dynamic contact line position with respect to various parameters such as downstream pressure, contact angle, capillary number and elasticity number are presented for the finite element model and compared with an analytical model.
Phase transitions in stationary nonequilibrium states of model lattice systems

We investigated the stationary nonequilibrium states of a lattice gas of interacting particles subject to an external field $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{E}$. The dynamics of the system are given by hoppings of particles to nearby empty sites with rates biased for jumps in the direction of $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{E}$. This system is often used to model fast ionic conductors. Using computer simulations of a two-dimensional lattice with nearest-neighbor interactions we studied the dependence of the structure function, current, etc., on temperature and $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{E}$. We found evidence for a transition line in the temperature-field plane at which the system develops (anisotropic) long-range order. $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{E}$ enhances the transition for attractive interactions and represses it for repulsive ones.
Neuroanatomy of the rhabdocoel flatworm Mesostoma ehrenbergii (focke, 1836). I. Neuronal diversity in the brain

We investigated the neuronal configurations of brain cells in the rhabdocoel flatworm Mesostoma ehrenbergiiand compared them to those of the polyclad Notoplan acticolato determine neuronal synapomorphies for these different flatworm clades. The fluorescent dye Lucifer yellow was used to fill and visualize cells in the brain of M.ehrenbergii. The predominant cell types for both animals were heteropolar bipolar and heteropolar multipolar cells. Isopolar bipolar and isopolar multipolar cells wer also found but in much lower numbers. Small amacrine-type multipolar cells tht might be glial in nature were also found in an area of neuropil. A few unipolar cells were found that ranged from small amacrine-type cells to typical invertebrate-type unipolars. In addition, a number of morphologically identified cells found in different animals are described. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Analysis of comparative modeling predictions for CASP2 targets 1, 3, 9, and 17.

Comparative modeling targets 1, 3, 9, and 17 were predicted by alignment of multiple sequences and structures, when available, followed by minimization using the program AMMP. The minimization used improved potentials, and distance restraints for regions of common structure. New prediction procedures were evaluated. Three tested solvent corrections did not significantly improve the predictions. Target 17 had 85.3% sequence identity with the parent and no insertions or deletions. The prediction had a root-mean-square deviation from target 17 of 0.56 A on Cα atoms, and 0.59 A for the ligand atoms, which verified the accuracy of the minimization. Targets 1, 3, and 9 had 36.4%, 46.7%, and 33.3% identity with the parent sequences, and predictions resulted in root-mean-square deviations for 79–85% of Cα atoms of 1.49, 1.11, and 1.24 A, respectively. Conformational differences between parent and target crystal structures were difficult to predict. The use of distance restraints and multiple structures improved the positioning of gaps in sequence alignment. Distance restraints did not overcome errors in sequence alignment or ambiguities due to conformational variation in proteins. Predictions for targets 3 and 9 successfully reduced large deviations between parent and target structures. Proteins, Suppl. 1:68–73, 1997. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Dimensions of intercultural effectiveness: Culture specific or culture general?

Abstract Abe and Wiseman (1983) replicated Hammer, Gudykunst, and Wiseman's (1978) study of the dimensions of intercultural effectiveness. Subjects for the Hammer et al. study were Americans living in another culture for at least 3 months, whereas Abe and Wiseman's subjects were Japanese tourists in the United States. Three dimensions emerged in the original study and five in the replication. Abe and Wiseman interpret these differences as evidence for a culture-specific interpretation of intercultural effectiveness. The argument presented in this paper is that Abe and Wiseman's data do not support a culture-specific interpretation. Rather, it presents relatively unequivocal evidence for a culture-general interpretation. Differences in the two factor structures are explained in terms of sample size and length of stay.
Intracranial hemorrhage from dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical features and outcome.

Object In this paper the authors' goal was to review the clinical features and outcome of patients with intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) who presented with hemorrhage. Methods A retrospective study of 28 patients with DAVFs who presented with intracranial hemorrhage to 2 separate institutions was performed. The information reviewed included clinical presentation, location and size of hemorrhage, angiographic features, treatment, and clinical and radiologically documented outcomes. Clinical and radiological follow-up were available in 27 of 28 patients (mean follow-up 17 months). Results The vast majority of patients were male (86%), and the most common presenting symptom was sudden-onset headache. All DAVFs had cortical venous drainage, and about one-third were associated with a venous varix. The most common location was tentorial (75%). Treatment ranged from endovascular (71%), surgical (43%), Gamma Knife surgery (4%), or a combination of modalities. The majority of fistulas (75%) were c...
Trajectory estimation for satellite clusters

The problem of tracking a satellite cluster by using the periodic orbit/Floquet theory solution to relative motion can be separated into two coupled estimation problems: determining the periodic orbit, and determining therelative motion of the cluster. We have studied this problem with simulated global positioning system (GPS) data for the periodic orbit estimator and both simulated differential GPS data and timing synchronization data for the relative problem. After careful treatment of several singularities and instabilities, we have achieved accuracy of about 1 m in determining the periodic reference orbit and about 2-cm error in the relative motion. The relative motion estimate is very insensitive to significantly mismatched dynamics (e.g., solar flares) that do significantly degrade the estimate of the reference orbit.
An embodiment perspective on the acquisition of speech perception.

Understanding the potential relationships between perception and production is crucial to explanation of the nature of early speech acquisition. The ‘embodiment’ perspective suggests that mental activ
Polyyne Chain Growth and Ring Collapse Drives Ni-Catalyzed SWNT Growth: A QM/MD Investigation

A mechanism describing Ni38-catalyzed single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) growth has been elucidated using quantum mechanical molecular dynamics (QM/MD) methods. This mechanism is dominated by the existence of extended polyyne structures bound to the base of the initial SWNT cap-fragment. Polygonal ring formation, and hence SWNT growth itself, was driven by the continual, simultaneous extension of these polyyne chains and subsequent “ring collapse” (i.e., self-isomerization/interaction of these polyyne chains). The rate of the former exceeded that of the latter, and so this mechanism was self-perpetuating. Consequently, the observed kinetics of Ni38-catalyzed SWNT growth were increased substantially compared to those observed using other transition metal catalysts of comparable size.
Structure and synthesis of milk fat XI. Effects of heparin on paths of incorporation of glucose and palmitic acid into milk fat.

Abstract Intravenous injection of heparin increases lipoprotein lipase activity of circulating serum presumably by removing the enzyme from its location on the capillary endothelium. The incorporation of carbon-14 uniformly labeled glucose and carbon-14 1-labeled palmitic acid into fractionated milk fat triglycerides was studied in both normal and heparin treated lactating goats. The objective was to remove lipoprotein lipase from the mammary gland capillaries and to contrast normal milk fat synthesis with a situation presumed to cause the gland to be solely dependent on the phosphatidic acid pathway. The studies with labeled glucose indicated that under normal conditions there are two sources of milk glyceride glycerol; while following heparin injections, there is a single glycerol pool providing most of the glyceride glycerol. The investigations with labeled palmitic acid indicated that under normal conditions there are two sources of palmitic acid coming from the blood which enter nonequilibrating cellular pools. Palmitic acid from both pools is available for triglyceride synthesis. Following heparin injections there appears to be a common intracellular pool of pre-formed palmitic acid derived from the blood. The data indicate that lipoprotein lipase operating on blood triglycerides yields a 2-mono-glyceride which subsequently enters the gland and is utilized for milk fat synthesis.
PUNISHMENT IN SCHOOL: THE ROLE OF SCHOOL SECURITY MEASURES

Although investigation of school security measures and their relationships to various outcomes including school crime rates (Gottfredson, 2001), perpetuation of social inequality (Ferguson, 2001; Nolan, 2011; Welch & Payne, 2010), and the impact on childhood experiences has seen significant growth within the last 20 years (Newman, 2004; Kupchik, 2010), few studies have sought to explore the impacts of these measures on suspension rates. Using data from the Educational Longitudinal Study (2002), I explore the relationship between security measures and in-school, out-of-school, and overall suspension rates. Results indicate schools with a security officer experience higher rates of in-school suspensions but have no difference in rates of out-of-school or overall suspensions compared to schools without a security officer. No other measure of security was related to higher suspension rates. As prior literature suggests, schools with greater proportions of black students experienced significantly higher rates of all suspension types. Finally, different types of parental involvement correlated with both higher and lower suspension rates.
The Efficacy of Therapeutic Touch for Improving Functional Ability in Elders with Degenerative Arthritis

The purpose of this Rogerian study was to determine whether therapeutic touch improved functional ability in elders with arthritis as compared to routine treatment and progressive muscle relaxation. Eighty-two non-institutionalized elders were randomly assigned to therapeutic touch or progressive muscle relaxation treatments. Subjects served as their own control for 4 weeks, then received six treatments at 1-week intervals. Pain, tension, mood, and satisfaction improved after therapeutic touch and progressive muscle relaxation. Hand function proved after therapeutic touch; walking and bending improved after progressive muscle relaxation. Functional ability was significantly different between the two groups for mobility and hand function. Lower scores (indicating better function) were attained by the therapeutic touch group.
Why is our Population of Uninsured and Underinsured Persons Growing? The Consequences of the "Deindustrialization" of America

The US is the only major industrialized nation that does not have a com­ prehensive and universal national health program. Ours is also the only major industrialized country whose health benefits coverage depends on work­ related contributions; 85% of our privately insured population receives cover­ age through work-related health insurance. As a consequence, health cover­ age varies greatly with the employment situation. Thus, changes in the employment profile have an enormous impact in the breadth and depth of health benefits coverage, and the changes that have been occurring in the last several years do not augur well for our population. They are, to a large degree, responsible for the fact that the percentage of our population that is uninsured or underinsured is growing rapidly. But first, let us look at what is going on in the US economy and the employment profile that emerges. A primary characteristic is the rather drastic loss of 2.6 million manufacturing jobs during the period 1979-1983; man­ ufacturing's share of employment declined from 28.5% to 24.8%. That decline, although accentuated in the last few years, is not new. From 1959 to 1979, the percentage of the labor force working in manufacturing had already declined from 36.9% to 28.5%. The percentage of the work force employed
THE VULNERABILITY-STRESS MODEL OF SCHIZOPHRENIA: Advances in Psychosocial Treatment

Vulnerability models of schizophrenia are reviewed, along with psychosocial rehabilitation methods addressing functional abilities and social competence. Their relationship is discussed with a view to developing a framework in which biological and psychosocial approaches to schizophrenia can be integrated for purposes of effective clinical intervention. Such intervention is designed to improve social competence, cognitive appraisal, and coping skills for mediation of stress in vulnerable individuals.
Colloidal adhesion to hydrophilic membrane surfaces

Colloidal adhesion to membrane surfaces is an important parameter in determining membrane fouling propensity and in optimizing membrane cleaning strategies. It has previously been demonstrated that acid–base interactions can significantly affect colloid–membrane interaction as a colloid approaches a membrane surface, however, the effect of acid–base interactions on adhesion has received less attention. In this investigation, the approach and adhesion of a silica and polystyrene colloid was measured on three commercially available hydrophilic water treatment membranes using an atomic force microscope and the colloid probe technique. It was found that the hydrophobic polystyrene colloid adhered more weakly to each membrane compared to the hydrophilic silica colloid. These results could not be resolved through classic DLVO analysis alone and were in direct contrast to the expected interaction based on the strong hydrophobic character of the polystyrene colloid. However, the results could be explained by considering the magnitude of the surface’s electron-acceptor ( γ + ) and electron-donor (γ − ) components. It is hypothesized that through hydrogen bonding with surface γ + and γ − groups, structured water layers exist to varying extents at the surfaces of the silica colloid and the hydrophilic membranes, and that their removal results in the formation of strong adhesive bonds between reciprocal γ + and γ − groups. Furthermore, even when surface roughness is substantial, γ + and γ − groups appear to play some role in determining the magnitude of the measured adhesion. The lack of such groups on the polystyrene colloid, and thus the lack of hydrogen bonding capacity, was responsible for its weaker adhesion with the membranes. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
De l’« automate spirituel » ou le temps dans le cinéma moderne selon Gilles Deleuze

Dans ce texte, l’auteur analyse le concept d’« automate spirituel » tel qu’il est mis en oeuvre dans les deux livres que le philosophe Gilles Deleuze a consacres au cinema : L’Image-Mouvement et L’Image-Temps. Apres une breve analyse du statut des concepts dans la philosophie de Deleuze, l’auteur montre, dans une premiere etape, l’importance du concept d’« automate spirituel » dans son oeuvre et en retrace l’origine en remontant a des auteurs aussi differents qu’Elie Faure, S. M. Eisenstein, Antonin Artaud, Heidegger, Rilke, etc. Dans un deuxieme temps, il tente de montrer de quelle maniere Gilles Deleuze « integre » ce concept a son oeuvre en le convertissant en ce qu’il appelle un « transformateur ». Le reste de l’article s’attache a montrer a partir d’exemples precis de quelle maniere ce concept « rigoureux et inexact » bien deleuzien reagit sur les principaux concepts du cinema (cadrage, montage, hors-champ, plan d’ensemble, etc.) et vient determiner de maniere essentielle la reflexion sur le temps au cinema.
Role of hypothalamic adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase in the impaired counterregulatory response induced by repetitive neuroglucopenia.

Antecedent hypoglycemia blunts counterregulatory responses that normally restore glycemia, a phenomenon known as hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure (HAAF). The mechanisms leading to impaired counterregulatory responses are largely unknown. Hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) acts as a glucose sensor. To determine whether failure to activate AMPK could be involved in the etiology of HAAF, we developed a model of HAAF using repetitive intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) resulting in transient neuroglucopenia in normal rats. Ten minutes after a single icv injection of 2DG, both α1- and α2-AMPK activities were increased 30–50% in arcuate and ventromedial/dorsomedial hypothalamus but not in other hypothalamic regions, hindbrain, or cortex. Increased AMPK activity persisted in arcuate hypothalamus at 60 min after 2DG injection when serum glucagon and corticosterone levels were increased 2.5- to 3.4-fold. When 2DG was injected icv daily for 4 d, hypothalamic α1-...
Selective Defect in Plasmacyoid Dendritic Cell Function in a Patient with AIDS-Associated Atypical Genital Herpes Simplex Vegetans Treated with Imiquimod

We report a case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)‐associated, acyclovir-refractory genital herpes infection treated with topical imidazoquinoline therapy. The patient’s plasmacytoid dendritic cells made a robust interferon-a response following in vitro stimulation with imidazoquinoline but not with herpes simplex virus. We hypothesize that disease resulting from defective herpes simplex virus‐stimulated interferon-a may be overcome by stimulating intact alternative pathways. In patients with advanced HIV-1 infection, unusual and severe manifestations of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection are common and are included among the opportunistic processes that define AIDS [1]. The use of long-term immunosuppressive therapy to control recurrent HSV episodes may lead to drug resistance in these patients. Immune system‐stimulating agents that promote IFN-a production may represent an alternative or adjunct approach to treatment with antiviral agents. IFN-a is a key component of the innate immune response, which plays a critical role in the control of viral infections, including HSV infection. Recently, a specialized cell, the plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC), was shown to be the principal producer of IFN-a in peripheral blood [2]. However, this function is deficient in patients with AIDS, a deficiency that may predispose them to opportunistic infections [3]. IFN-a production by pDCs occurs in response to ligation of pathogen-recognition
Analyzing Cultural Artifacts for the Introduction, Perpetuation, or Reinforcement of Moral Ideals.

The development and socialization of morals is a complex concept for students studying ethics. To help students understand the role social learning theory plays in the development of morality, an activity was created focusing on cultural artifacts and their introduction, perpetuation, and/or reinforcement of morality. The aim of this assignment is for students to see “the dialogue between cognitive structure and the complexity presented by the environment” (Kohlberg & Hersh, 1977, p. 57). Results for this assignment not only showed improved conceptualization of moral development by students, but also engaged their higher-order thinking skills.
Significant Capacity and Cycle‐Life Improvement of Lithium‐Ion Batteries through Ultrathin Conductive Film Stabilized Cathode Particles

Atomic layer deposition (ALD), as a thin film deposition technique, has been explored as a viable path to improve the performance of lithium-ion batteries. However, a trade-off between the species transport (capacity) and protection (lifetime), resulting from the insulating properties of ALD films, is the key challenge in ALD technology. Here we report a breakthrough to overcome this trade-off by coating an ultrathin conformal cerium dioxide (CeO2) film on the surfaces of LiMn2O4 particles. The optimized CeO2 film (≈3 nm) coated particles exhibit a significant improvement in capacity and cycling performance compared to uncoated (UC), Al2O3 coated, and ZrO2 coated samples at room temperature and 55 °C for long cycling numbers. The initial capacity of the 3 nm CeO2-coated sample shows 24% increment compared to the capacity of the uncoated one, and 96% and 95% of the initial capacity is retained after 1000 cycles with 1C rate at room temperature and 55 °C, respectively. The detailed electrochemical data reveal that the suppression of the impedance rise and the facile transport of the species are the main contributors to the success.
Regional myocyte hypertrophy and increased interstitial myocardial fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

The purpose of this study was to determine if the thickened cardiac walls of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) are due to increased size or number of myocytes or increased amounts of fibrous tissue. Eight patients, aged 18 to 42 years, who died from complications of HC and 8 age-matched control subjects without heart disease were studied. A 1.5-cm3 block of tissue was removed from the left ventricular free wall, right ventricular free wall and ventricular septum (VS). Each region of each wall was evaluated for fibrous tissue by point counting; cell diameter was measured using an ocular micrometer disc. Cell layers were counted across the walls. The results revealed that increased cell size, cell layers and fibrous tissue are characteristic of HC, but only in the VS are all 3 significantly increased. The fibrous tissue was most extensive in the VS (19 +/- 9%), but it was more extensive than in the control subjects in all 3 walls. Cell diameters were largest in the layers closest to the left ventricular cavity.
A VLSI analog computer/math co-processor for a digital computer

A single-chip VLSI analog computer having 80 integrators and 336 other programmable linear and nonlinear circuits is fabricated in a 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS process. The chip can be used to accelerate a digital computer's numerical routines. The IC is 1 cm/sup 2/ and consumes 300 mW.
Analysis of combined conducting and dielectric body of revolution radiators

In this paper, a full wave analysis of arbitrary Body of Revolution (BOR) radiators of composite dielectric and metallic materials is explored. The method for solution of the structure includes a comprehensive treatment of Boundary Value Problems (BVP's) through modal analysis, aperture treatments, and a hybrid application of the CFIE-PMCHW methods. To accelerate the integral, the asymptotic formulation is applied for large distance and special boundary treatment is implemented for touched boundary dielectric bodies. Consider a complex geometry of a focal ring antenna system.
Physics and Applications of DIP Coating and Spin Coating

Dip coating is a simple old way of depositing onto a substrate, especially small slabs and cylinders, a uniform thin film of liquid for solidification into a coating. The basic flow is steady, and in it film thickness is set by the competition among viscous force, capillary (surface tension) force and gravity. Thickness and uniformity can be sensitive to flow conditions in the liquid bath and gas overhead. The faster the substrate is withdrawn, the thicker the film deposited. This can be countered by using volatile solutes and combining rapid enough drying with the basic liquid flow. Then the physics grows more complicated, theoretical prediction of process performance more difficult, and control of the process more demanding. Outside product RD actually it is often modified.
Web-Based Intelligent Tutoring Systems in K-12 Settings

Web-based intelligent tutoring technologies present a great improvement from traditional computer aided learning in K-12 settings. We created a web-based intelliegent tutoring system to teach a reading comprehension approach to elementary and middle school students. This paper reports on each phase of the waterfall design process: analysis, design, development, and implementation of the sytem. The audience for this paper includes software designers working to develop learning technologies.
Dynamically adaptive mesh refinement technique for image reconstruction in optical tomography.

A novel adaptive mesh technique is introduced for problems of image reconstruction in luminescence optical tomography. A dynamical adaptation of the three-dimensional scheme based on the finite-volume formulation reduces computational time and balances the ill-posed nature of the inverse problem. The arbitrary shape of the bounding surface is handled by an additional refinement of computational cells on the boundary. Dynamical shrinking of the search volume is introduced to improve computational performance and accuracy while locating the luminescence target. Light propagation in the medium is modeled by the telegraph equation, and the image-reconstruction algorithm is derived from the Fredholm integral equation of the first kind. Stability and computational efficiency of the introduced method are demonstrated for image reconstruction of one and two spherical luminescent objects embedded within a breastlike tissue phantom. Experimental measurements are simulated by the solution of the forward problem on a grid of 5×5 light guides attached to the surface of the phantom.
Fault insertion methodology

Relevant procedures, information, and guidelines are presented to validate and verify the effectiveness of a test program. The major areas of discussion are the test-program development sequence, component stress, and fault-insertion guidelines. Fault insertion, defined as the temporary installation of component and pin fault failures in a unit under test (UUT), can be destructive to the UUT, interface adaptor, or automatic test equipment (ATE) used, and can also be hazardous to the ATE operator. A methodology that minimizes these unwanted results is presented. >
Considerations in the development of a knowledge-based control systems design associate

The authors describe an intelligent design associate (IDA), with emphasis on the techniques used in developing the associate and the mechanics of its operation. The expert-system architecture is described, along with some of the problems encountered when coupling symbolic and numerical systems. Also considered is how to transfer information between the expert system and the analysis package, as well as how the expert system is able to direct the actual sequence of analyses performed by the CACSD (computer-aided control systems design) package. It is demonstrated that not only is such a coupled system feasible, but it is also replicatable in that it can be created with off-the-shelf, commercially available software. An example is included to show that the system is capable of designing simple compensators. >
Permeability of cat skeletal muscle capillaries to small solutes.

Permeability-surface area products (PS) for 51Cr-EDTA, [3H]mannitol, [14C]urea, and 22Na were measured in isolated, perfused, lower hindlimb muscles of anesthetized cats. The tracers were added stepwise to the arterial inflow, and Evans blue-labeled albumin was the reference indicator. At flow rates > 70 ml.min-1.100 g-1, the PS values (+/- SE) were 5.0 +/- 0.5, 7.6 +/- 1.2, 17.8 +/- 1.4, and 21.0 +/- 1.4 (n = 7, 4, 5, and 3 animals, respectively). The ratio of simultaneous PS measurements of mannitol and urea was 0.42 +/- 0.02 (n = 9), significantly less than the free diffusion coefficient ratio (0.49), indicating the presence of restricted diffusion. PS measurements were also made during osmotic flow (4.2 +/- 0.6 ml.min-1.100 g-1) induced by 20% NaCl. The data clearly showed that osmotic transients did not alter small solute permeability. Pore models were used to show that the PS data and previously reported reflection coefficient data were consistent with a single description of the capillary wall. This model contained a water-only pathway containing 60% of the hydraulic capacity and an extracellular route modeled by pores of 4 nm radius having 21,000 cm of area per unit membrane thickness (A/delta x).
Slab flattening trigger for isotopic disturbance and magmatic flare-up in the southernmost Sierra Nevada batholith, California

The San Emigdio Schist of the southwestern Sierra Nevada batholith (SNB) permits examination of partial melting and devolatilization processes along a Late Cretaceous shallow subduction zone. Detrital and metamorphic zircon of the structurally highest and earliest subducted portions of the San Emigdio Schist constrain the depositional age to between ca. 102 and 98 Ma. Zircon oxygen isotope data from both lower plate schist and upper plate batholithic assemblages reveal a δ^(18)O shift of ~ 1.5‰ between igneous (~ 5.5‰) and metamorphic (~ 7‰) domains. These results, taken with previous zircon and whole-rock δ^(18)O measurements, provide evidence for massive devolatilization of the San Emigdio Schist and fluid traversal of upper plate batholithic assemblages, thereby altering the isotopic composition of overlying material. Furthermore, the timing of fluid-rock interaction in the southwestern SNB is coincident with eastward arc migration and an associated pulse of voluminous magmatism. We posit that during flattening of the Farallon slab the schist was rapidly emplaced beneath the magmatic source, where ensuing devolatilization triggered a magmatic flare-up in the southeastern SNB. This short-lived (< 15 Myr) high-flux event was followed by the termination of arc magmatism as the shallow subduction zone approached thermal equilibrium.
Diagnosing Marfan syndrome is still based on clinical characteristics.

Despite new genetic findings, the best way to diagnose Marfan syndrome is still the classic clinical manifestations.
Utilization of Methionine Analogues by Argyrotaenia velutinana Larvae

Methionine analogues, in lieu of methionine, were evaluated as to their effect on growth and survival of the redbanded leafroller, Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker), using chemically defined diets and axenic conditions. Utilization of L-methionine-ethyl ester HCl was equal to methionine, considering both growth and survival. L-methionine sulfoxide and L-methionine-D-hydroxy analogue (Ca) on an equal sulfur basis with methionine were utilized about 80 and 60%, respectively. L-ethionine, L-methionine-DL-sulfoximine, L-methionine sulfone, and seleno-DL-methionine were not utilized. The analogues not utilized in lieu of methionine were further tested by adding the analogues individually to diets containing a suboptimal level of methionine. Results showed that L-ethionine had no appreciable effect, either stimulatory or inhibitory, on growth and survival, L-methionine sulfone had a slight inhibitory effect, and L-methionine-DL-sulfoximine and seleno-DL-methionine were toxic.
Assessing the socio-economic dimensions of the rise of organic farming in the European Union

Organic farming is considered one of the most important rural development tools in the European Union, often connected to the socio-economic objectives of small-farm support and employment generation. Using an EU-27 regional panel data-set from 2000 to 2010, I show that the share of a region’s agricultural area under organic methods is positively associated with average farm size. Furthermore, I show that the share of organic farming in a region is not associated with higher application of agricultural labor per hectare. Both results question the connection between organic farming and the aforementioned objectives, and point to the conventionalization of European organic farming.
Identification of the First De Novo UBIAD1 Gene Mutation Associated with Schnyder Corneal Dystrophy

Purpose. To report the identification of the first de novo UBIAD1 missense mutation in an individual with Schnyder corneal dystrophy (SCD). Methods. A slit lamp examination was performed on a 47-year-old woman without a family history of corneal disorders. The proband's parents, two sisters, and son were also examined and genomic DNA from all six individuals was collected. The exons and exon-intron boundaries of UBIAD1 were screened using Sanger sequencing. Identified mutations were screened for in 200 control chromosomes. In silico analysis predicted the impact of identified mutations on protein function and structure. Results. Slit lamp examination of the proband revealed findings consistent with SCD. Corneas of the family members appeared unaffected. Screening of UBIAD1 in the proband identified a novel heterozygous c.308C>T mutation, predicted to encode the missense amino acid substitution p.(Thr103Ile). This mutation was not identified in any of the family members or in 200 control chromosomes and was predicted to be damaging to normal protein function and structure. Conclusions. We present a novel heterozygous de novo missense mutation in UBIAD1, p.(Thr103Ile), identified in a patient with classic clinical features of SCD. This highlights the value of genetic testing in clinical diagnostic settings, even in the absence of a positive family history.