cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Microstructure on the Internal Oxidation of Two-Phase Fe–Y Alloys

This work demonstrated the role of microstructure on the internal oxidation rate of two-phase alloys. Fe–Y alloys with Y contents between 1.5 and 15 wt% were employed as a model system. Alloys were prepared by arc-melting and the starting structures were as-solidified mixtures of Fe + Fe17Y2 intermetallic. An alloy with 1.5 wt% Y was cold-rolled to alter the intermetallic morphology. Oxidation was conducted in an Fe–FeO Rhines pack at 600, 700, and 800 °C up to 72 h. Pre- and post-oxidation microstructures were characterized with electron microscopy. Consistent with other studies, only the Fe17Y2 phase oxidized. Transmission electron microscopy showed the Fe17Y2 transformed into nanometer-scale oxides. Oxidation rates were always greater than those predicted by Wagner theory. Parabolic kinetics were obeyed until approximately 10 h. During this time the parabolic rate constants decreased with wt% Y. The effect of alloy microstructure on oxidation kinetics was attributed to connectivity of the Fe17Y2 phase.
Yerba de la fleche— Arrow and fish poison of the American southwest

Analysis and toxicity tests of the latex obtainable from this shrub, previously not reported, are presented here.
New or Heretofore Unreported Species of the Higher Ascomycetes from Colombia and Venezuela

During the last two decades there has been an increasing interest in the knowledge of the mycological flora of South America, especially of countries like Colombia and Venezuela, which of large geographical extent and with a great diversity of climatic conditions, offer to the mycologists an almost unexhaustable field for exploration, especially in regard to the great number and variety of species. The mycological explorations in these two countries however, have been relatively few, the most important contributions being those of Chardon, Toro and Kern (6, 7) to whom the author refers the reader for a more detailed account of the studies made on the subject in those countries. The present paper is based largely on recent collections made by several persons, chiefly by Dr. Chardon and by the author in Colombia and by Drs. H. H. Whetzel, M. F. Barrus and A. S. Miiller in Venezuela. These specimens are deposited in the Plant Pathology Herbarium of Cornell University, in separately numbered exsiccata sets, duplicates of the Colombian collections being kept at the herbarium of the Facultad de Agronomia, Medellin, and the herbarium of the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Bogota, while
Research progress of some compound preparation drugs

Objective To achieve rational combination medication,to improve drug efficacy and reduce adverse drug reactions.Methods The literature on the compatibility of drug treatment,evaluation and application of the combined medication were summarized.Results The application of the combined medication can enhance drug effects and reduce adverse drug reactions.
A RETROSPECTIVE VIEW OF THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS

This paper intends to find out the impact of knowledge management in achieving organizational goals. Some of the objectives are to evaluate how lack of effective communication among staff members affects organizational goals: to ascertain the impact of technology on knowledge sharing in an organization particular emphasis on Nigeria Bottling Company Kaduna. This work made use of both primary and secondary sources of data for literature review and responses from the respondents. The sample size of 80 was statistically determined. The data collected were analyzed and some of the major findings are that lack of effective communication among staff members affects organizational goals; technology impacts on knowledge sharing in an organization and knowledge sharing among staff members is not adequate to meet organizational goals. This paper recommends that knowledge management practice should be in practice to competition edge over other organizations
Effect of ruminal infusion of glucose, volatile fatty acids and hydrochloric acid on mineral metabolism in sheep.

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of alterations in ruminal pH and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations on utilization of Mg and other minerals. In Exp. 1, two metabolism trials were conducted with 12 ruminally cannulated crossbred wethers fed 800 g/d of orchard-grass (Dactylis glomerata, L.) hay. After each feeding, wethers were ruminally infused with 500 ml (4.2 ml/min) or either 1) deionized water, 2) 40% (w/v) glucose solution, 3) .26 M propionic and .17 M butyric acid solution or 4) .35 M HCl. The pH of the VFA solution was adjusted to 6.8 with 10N NaOH. In Exp. 2, a metabolism trial was conducted with 12 ruminally cannulated crossbred wethers fed 600 g of orchard-grass hay and infused with a buffered VFA solution prepared as in Exp. 1 or with an unbuffered solution. In both experiments each trial consisted of a 5-d adaption period followed by four 5-d collections of feed, feces and urine. Compared with the glucose treatment, infusion of the buffered VFA solution produced similar acetic and propionic and higher (P less than .05) butyric acid concentrations (Exp. 1). The HCl solution produced changes in ruminal and pH values similar to those of the glucose infusion. In Exp. 1, apparent absorption of Mg was increased over twofold by the glucose infusion (P less than .05), but the other infusions had no effect. Apparent absorption of P was decreased (P less than .05) by HCl infusion, and K absorption was decreased by HCl and glucose infusions. In Exp. 2, infusion of the unbuffered VFA solution decreased apparent Mg absorption by 15.7%, compared with infusion of the buffered solution. These experiments suggest that the increased Mg absorption observed with carbohydrate supplementation is not due to alterations in ruminal pH or VFA levels.
A New Breed

Firms in Ireland’s information sector were fortunate in their human resource development efforts because, in many respects, they had a blank slate with which to work. That such a large segment of Ireland’s population was young meant that a significant number of the workers entered the information sector with no previous work experience. When attempting to alter work culture and assumptions, inexperience can be a definite benefit. Accompanying their youth was their educational background. The group of young workers with whom I spoke represented the first cohort for whom secondary education was economically viable. They represented a definite break with the past. But though the economic barriers to education were crumbling, social class walls remained. I could see that the information sector in Ireland had the potential to both transcend and reinforce boundaries between the “haves” and the “have nots.”
Mass Production and Mass Dictatorships: The Economics of Total War in Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, 1933–1945

Historians have long observed the strong connections between mass dictatorships and total war. For states centered on the concepts of struggle and conflict as their ideological reasons for being, fighting a total war means that conflict is no longer a metaphor but a reality around which societies can be restructured and transformed. Certainly, for both Nazi Germany and Stalin’s Soviet Union, the Second World War was the apotheosis of their respective socio-economic transformations, culminating processes that had begun with the Nazi seizure of power in 1933 and Stalin’s “revolution from above” at the end of the 1920s. Yet, despite this general similarity, the ways in which these mass dictatorships responded to the demands of total war differed significantly. These differences, based on ideological, socio-economic and military factors, meant that each state followed unique economic mobilization strategies and policies, which in turn affected the war’s outcome.
THE IDENTIFICATION OF CYANIDIN-3-2G GLUCOSYL-RUTINOSIDE IN MONTMORENCY CHERRIES1

One of the major anthocyanins in Montmorency cherries has been identified as mecocyanin (cyanidin-3-sophoroside). Evidence is presented to show that this anthocyanin is not mecocyanin but rather cyanidin-3-glucosyl-rutinoside. The identification is based on Rf values; partial and complete hydrolysis with strong acid; and infra-red, visible, and ultraviolet spectra.
The Ecology Of Neighborhood Participation and The Reproduction Of Political Conflict.

Building on three years of participant observation and 30 life-history interviews with activists in the Los Angeles community of Venice, this article introduces an ecological perspective to examine neighborhood participation and the reproduction of political conflict. As the official local space of community politics, the city-funded Venice Neighborhood Council has experienced dramatic conflict. Observers have framed the conflict as occurring between liberal and conservative groups. Despite the history of conflict between so-called 'groups', the individuals involved are in flux. Venice is a complex arrangement of different neighborhoods and multiple interests. Tensions between long-term neighborhood affiliations, formal bureaucracy and grassroots organizations affect how activists weigh competing associations embedded in the spatial landscape. The ecology of neighborhood participation underscores that conflict is not an outcome of stable substantive positions, but rather it occurs as the reassembling of overlapping and competing interests over time.
Morphology of the torn rotator cuff

The morphological characteristics of shoulders with torn rotator cuffs were determined using 41 embalmed specimens. The following parameters were measured in the supraspinatus (SSP), infraspinatus (ISP) and subscapularis (SSC) muscles: the length, thickness and width of the extramuscular tendon; the length of the intramuscular tendon; the length and width of a tear, if present, muscle fibre length; and muscle volume. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the tendon was measured on the photographic image of slices of the tendon using an image analysis system, and the CSA of the muscle was calculated by dividing the muscle volume by muscle fibre length. The rotator cuff was intact in 11 shoulders. A partial-thickness tear of the cuff was present in 12 shoulders, a full-thickness tear of the SSP in 11 shoulders, and a full-thickness tear of more than 2 tendons in 7. Overall incidence of full-thickness tears of the rotator cuff was 44%, and that of partial-thickness tears 29%. With increase of tear size, the functional tendon length (extramuscular tendon length plus tear length) increased by a statistically significant amount in the SSP, ISP and SSC, whereas muscle fibre length decreased in SSP and ISP. It is concluded that the increased functional tendon length and decreased muscle fibre length are the main morphological changes that make the rotator cuff a physiologically abnormal unit. Surgical repair of the torn cuff would be expected to improve these anatomical changes and restore the kinetics of the glenohumeral joint.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
SwallowNet: Recurrent neural network detects and characterizes eating patterns

Passively detecting and counting the number of swallows in food intake enables accurate detection of eating episodes in free-living participants, and aids in characterizing eating episodes. On average, the more food consumed, the greater the number of swallows; and swallows have been shown to positively correlate with caloric intake. While passive sensing measures have shown promise in recent years, they are yet to be used reliably to detect eating, impeding the development of timely intervention delivery that change poor eating behavior. This paper presents a novel integrated wearable necklace that comprises two piezoelectric sensors vertically positioned around the neck, an inertial motion unit, and long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks to detect and count swallows. A unique correlation of derivative features creates candidate swallows. To reduce the FPR features are extracted using symmetric and asymmetric windows surrounding each candidate swallow to feed into a Random Forest classifier. Independently, a LSTM network is trained from raw data using automated feature learning methods. In an in-lab study comprising confounding activities of 10 participants, results show a 3.34 RMSE of swallow count using LSTM, and a 76.07% average F-measure of swallows, outperforming the Random Forest classifier. This system thus shows promise in accurately detecting and characterizing eating patterns, enabling passive detection of swallow count, and paving the way for timely interventions to prevent problematic eating.
Tendon stem/progenitor cells regulate inflammation in tendon healing via JNK and STAT3 signaling

Tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSCs) have been found in different anatomic locations and showed a promising regenerative potential. We identified a role of TSCs in the regulation of inflammation during healing of acute tendon injuries. Delivery of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) into full-transected rat patellar tendons significantly increased the number of CD146+ TSCs, leading to enhanced healing. In parallel, CTGF delivery significantly reduced the number of iNOS+ M1 macrophages and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory IL-10 at 2 d after surgery, with over 85% CD146+ TSCs expressing IL-10. By 1 wk, the elevated IL-10 expression remained, and IL-6 expression was significantly attenuated in CTGF-delivered tendon healing. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 expression in CTGF-delivered tendon was organized along with the reorienting collagen fibers by 1 wk after surgery, in comparison with the control group showing the abundant MMP-3 expression localized at healing junction. Tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease (TIMP)-3 was expressed in CD146+ TSCs at 1 wk with CTGF, in contrast to control with no TIMP-3 expression. In vitro, IL-10 expression was detected only when tendon cells were stimulated with IL-1β, and CTGF and significantly higher in CD146+ TSCs than CD146- tendon cells. Similarly, TIMP-3 expression was detected only when treated with CTGF or CTGF and IL-1β that is significantly higher in CD146+ TSCs compared to CD146- tendon cells. Signaling study with specific inhibitors and Western blot analysis demonstrated that CTGF-induced expression of IL-10 and TIMP-3 in CD146+ TSCs are regulated by JNK/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling. Taken together, these findings suggest anti-inflammatory roles of CTGF-stimulated TSCs that are likely associated with improved tendon healing.-Tarafder, S., Chen, E., Jun, Y., Kao, K., Sim, K. H., Back, J., Lee, F. Y., Lee, C. H. Tendon stem/progenitor cells regulate inflammation in tendon healing via JNK and STAT3 signaling.
Thirty-day outcomes after fenestrated endovascular repair are superior to open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms involving visceral vessels

Abstract Objective Although few studies have reported outcomes after branched or fenestrated endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (FEVAR) of abdominal aortic aneurysms involving visceral vessels (AAA-Vs), no multi-institutional study has compared FEVAR with open surgery (OS) for AAA-Vs. Our objective was to compare 30-day outcomes after FEVAR vs OS for AAA-Vs. Methods Patients who underwent FEVAR (n = 535) and OS (n = 1207) for elective AAA-Vs were identified from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) 2008 to 2013 database. Thoracoabdominal aneurysms were excluded. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Results There were more men (82% vs 72%; P P = .005), patients with dependent functional status (4% vs 2%; P = .002), and nonsmokers (70% vs 56%; P P > .05). FEVAR had fewer major postoperative pulmonary complications (3.0% vs 19.0%; P P P = .001), less bleeding with major transfusion (17.4% vs 50.2%; P P P = .02). The median length of stay was also significantly shorter for FEVAR (2 days vs 7 days; P Conclusions FEVAR is associated with a lower risk for 30-day mortality and adverse events compared with OS for AAA-Vs.
The utilization of prenatal microarray: A survey of current genetic counseling practices and barriers

OBJECTIVE We evaluated what prenatal genetic counselor's (GCs) practices, attitudes, and barriers are in regards to prenatal microarray since the publication of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) guidelines for microarray use. METHODS This was a survey-based cross-sectional study of English-speaking, board certified or eligible GCs who currently practice prenatal genetic counseling. RESULTS Of 192 respondents, 183 (95%) have incorporated chromosome microarray (CMA) into clinical practice, with 64% believing that the benefits of CMA outweigh the harms and 52% agreeing that CMA should be offered to all women regardless of indication. Those who reported being experts/comfortable in their knowledge of CMA (85%) and familiar with current clinical guidelines (86%) were significantly more likely to offer CMA to patients undergoing invasive testing and patients with fetal anomalies. Patient-specific concerns were the largest reported barrier (51%) when GCs do not offer CMA to patients. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates GCs follow guidelines for CMA use when specific indications are involved, but further guidelines are needed regarding CMA use for other routine indications where utility of CMA is not clearly understood. On this basis, ACOG and SMFM should continue revising their guidelines as more information comes to light regarding utility of prenatal CMA for all indications, and organizations like the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) should consider publishing guidelines on prenatal CMA that are specialized to the GCs sphere of practice.
An emergency cash transfer program promotes weight gain and reduces acute malnutrition risk among children 6-24 months old during a food crisis in Niger

Background Assessment of the impact of emergency cash transfer programs on child nutritional status has been difficult to achieve due to the considerable logistic and ethical constraints that characterize humanitarian settings. Methods We present the findings from a quasi-experimental longitudinal study of a conditional emergency cash transfer program implemented by Concern Worldwide in 2012 during a food crisis in Tahoua, Niger, in which the use of a concurrent control group permits estimation of the program's impact on child weight gain. Program beneficiaries received three transfers totaling approximately 65% of Niger's gross national per capita income; mothers attended mandatory sessions on child and infant feeding and care practices. Dietary and anthropometric data from 211 vulnerable households and children targeted by the intervention were compared with 212 similarly vulnerable control households and children from the same 21 villages. We used multilevel mixed effects regression to estimate changes in weight and weight-for-height Z scores (WHZ) over time, and logistic regression to estimate the probability of acute malnutrition. Results We found the intervention to be associated with a 1.27 kg greater overall weight gain (P < 0.001) and a 1.82 greater overall gain in WHZ (P < 0.001). The odds of having acute malnutrition at the end of the intervention were 25 times higher among children in the comparison group than those in households receiving cash (P < 0.001). Conclusions We conclude that this emergency cash transfer program promoted child weight gain and reduced the risk of acute malnutrition among children in the context of a food crisis. We suspect that the use of strategic conditional terms and a valuable transfer size were key features in achieving this result. Limitations in study design prevent us from attributing impact to particular aspects of the program, and preclude a precise estimation of impact. Future studies of this nature would benefit from pre-baseline measurements, more exhaustive data collection on household characteristics and transfer use, and further investigation into the use of conditional terms in emergency settings.
Patient Positioning Following Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy

Fragments remaining after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL*) often accumulate in the lower pole and remain there. A method, modeled on the principle of postural drainage, was developed to increase the passage of the lower pole fragments. After consuming a large quantity of water, the patient assumes a special position. The procedure is not invasive and utilizes equipment found in the home. Nearly all patients who tried the procedure reported increased fragment passage. Only one patient reported difficulty. A patient with hiatal hernia suffered an episode of chest pain requiring an emergency room admission.
Parental and offspring larval diets interact to influence life-history traits and infection with dengue virus in Aedes aegypti.

The environmental conditions experienced by parents can influence offspring phenotype along with the conditions experienced by offspring. These parental effects are clear in organisms that display ...
The library staff development handbook: how to maximize your library’s most important resource

This book is minimal in length, consisting of an easily readable 139 pages, however, it delivers maximum impact as Flaherty attempts the huge endeavor of providing a resource for those who manage t...
Institutional Repository Promotion: Current Practices and Opinions in Texas Academia.

AbstractPromoting an institutional repository (IR) to both faculty and end-users can be challenging. We surveyed academic libraries with an IR in Texas, and asked both library administrators and IR...
Salesperson implementation of sales strategy and its impact on sales performance

It has been observed in the academic and practitioner literature, a disconnect between the activities of salespeople and the sales strategy espoused by sales organizations. This study examines orga...
The 500-year Cultural & Economic Trajectory of Tobacco: A Circle Complete

Who smokes, and why do they do it? What factors discourage and otherwise reward or incentivize smoking? Tobacco use has been accompanied by controversy from the moment of its entry into European culture, and conflicting opinions regarding its potentially adverse influence on health have coexisted for hundreds of years. Its use in all forms represents the world’s single greatest cause of preventable disease and death. Tobacco was introduced to Europe by Christopher Columbus, who in October 1492 discovered the crop in Cuba. While the next four centuries would see tobacco as the most highly traded economic commodity, by 1900, the now familiar cigarette remained obscure and accounted for only 2% of total tobacco sales. Global tobacco consumption rose sharply after 1914 and became especially prevalent following World War II, particularly among men. Indeed, overall tobacco sales increased by more than 60% by the mid-20th century, and cigarettes were a critical driver of this growth. Cigarettes dominated the tobacco market by 1950, by then accounting for more than 80% of all tobacco purchases. In the absence of clinical and scientific evidence against tobacco, moral and religious arguments dominated opposition voices against tobacco consumption in the 1800s. However, by the mid-20th century, advancements in medical research supported enhanced government and voluntary actions against tobacco advertising and also raised awareness of the dangers associated with passive tobacco smoke exposure. Solid epidemiological work connecting tobacco use with “the shortening of life span” began to appear in the medical literature in the 1950s, linking smoking with lung cancer and related conditions. In subsequent years, these developments led to significant curtailment of tobacco use. This monograph explores aspects of the intersection of tobacco with themes of behavioral incentives, religion, culture, literature, economics, and government over the past five centuries.
The Personal Comments Essay

While there are thousands of examples of medical school personal statements and entire books on the subject, this chapter addresses the personal comments essay from an MD/PhD perspective. Importantly, however, this essay should be focused on the applicant’s motivation for pursuing the field of medicine itself and attributes as a future physician. The goal in this essay is to illustrate how the applicant’s life’s journey has led them to pursue medicine, requiring introspective analysis to connect the events in their life that they may not even have explicitly realized influenced their decision to pursue medicine. This chapter provides advice on how to illustrate this story in the most compelling way possible. Lastly, this chapter provides suggestions for seeking feedback on the essays, which is applicable throughout the application process.
Sealing and Bisection of Blood Vessels using a 1470 nm Laser: Optical, Thermal, and Tissue Damage Simulations.

A 1470-nm laser previously demonstrated faster sealing and cutting of blood vessels with lower thermal spread than radiofrequency and ultrasonic surgical devices. This study simulates laser sealing and cutting of vessels in a sequential two-step process, for low (< 25 W), medium (~ 100 W), and high (200 W) power lasers. Optical transport, heat transfer, and tissue damage simulations were conducted. The blood vessel was assumed to be compressed to 400 μm thickness, matching previous experimental studies. A wide range of linear beam profiles (1-5 mm widths and 8-9.5 mm lengths), incident powers (20-200 W) and irradiation times (0.5-5.0 s), were simulated. Peak seal and cut temperatures and bifurcated thermal seal zones were also simulated and compared with experimental results for model validation. Optimal low power laser parameters were: 24W/5s/8x2mm for sealing and 24W/5s/8x1mm for cutting, yielding thermal spread of 0.4 mm and corresponding to experimental vessel burst pressures (BP) of ~450 mmHg. Optimal medium-power laser parameters were: 90 W/1s/9.5x3mm for sealing and 90W/1s/9.5x1mm for cutting, yielding thermal spread of 0.9 mm for BP of ~1300 mmHg. Optimal high-power laser parameters were: 200W/0.5s/9x3mm for sealing and 200W/0.5s/9x1mm for cutting, yielding thermal spread of 0.9 mm and extrapolated to have BP of ~1300 mmHg. All lasers produced seal zones between 0.4-1.5 mm, correlating to high BP of 300-1300 mmHg. Higher laser powers enable shorter sealing and cutting times and higher vessel seal strengths.
Detecting resonant tidal excitations of Rossby modes in coalescing neutron-star binaries with third-generation gravitational-wave detectors

Rossby modes ($r$-modes) of rotating neutron stars can be excited by the gravitomagnetic forces in coalescing binary systems. A previous study by Flanagan and Racine [Phys. Rev. D 75, 044001 (2007)] showed that this kind of dynamical tide (DT) can induce phase shifts of $\ensuremath{\sim}0.1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{rad}$ on gravitational waveforms, which is detectable by third-generation (3G) detectors. We study the impact of this DT on measuring neutron-star parameters in the era of 3G detectors. We incorporate two universal relations among neutron-star properties predicted by different equations of state: (i) the well-known I-Love relation between momentum of inertia and ($f$-mode) tidal Love number, and (ii) a relation between the $r$-mode overlap and tidal Love number, which we newly explore. We find that $r$-mode DT will provide rich information about slowly rotating neutron stars with frequency 10--100 Hz and spin inclination angle 18\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}--110\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. For a binary neutron-star system (with a signal-to-noise ratio $\ensuremath{\sim}1500$ in the Cosmic Explorer), the spin frequency of each individual neutron star can be constrained to 6% (fractional error) in the best-case scenario. The degeneracy between the Love numbers of individual neutron stars is dramatically reduced: each individual Love number can be constrained to around 20% in the best case, while the fractional error for both symmetric and antisymmetric Love numbers are reduced by factors of around 300. Furthermore, DT also allows us to measure the spin inclination angles of the neutron stars, to 0.09 rad in the best case, and thus place constraints on neutron-star natal kicks and supernova explosion models. In addition to parameter estimation, we also develop a semianalytic method that accurately describes detailed features of the binary evolution that arise due to the DT.
Behavioral Economics and Global Nutrition: Promoting Fortified Rice

According to the World Health Organization, undernutrition contributes to about one third of all child deaths, and maternal and child undernutrition account for more than 10% of the global burden of disease. About 20% of deaths among children under-five could be avoided if children would be exclusively breastfed for six months, and given appropriate complementary foods starting at six months, while still breastfed for up to two years (World Health Organization, 2015). To fight global malnutrition, PATH has amongst other things developed Ultra Rice. In this report, we discuss some behavioral challenges and opportunities PATH might face in promoting and selling Ultra Rice, and we suggest solutions. We make suggestions not only on PATH’s strategy in dealing with these challenges but also on the design of studies PATH could undertake to make sure the strategy works.
Youth, place, and educator practices: designing program elements to support relational processes and naturalist identity development

In this paper, we describe an informal science program where specific program elements were designed to support youth development of a 21st century naturalist identity, which we call out as an impo...
Study of Haloperidol for Abdominal Pain in the Emergency Department (SHAPE)

Author(s): Knudsen, Katherine; Stith, Kyle; Vicarel, Laine A.; Harbert, Brittany; Fertel, Baruch S. | Abstract: Introduction: Intravenous haloperidol has been shown to decrease milligram morphine equivalents (MME) of analgesia and reduce hospital admissions for diabetic gastroparesis. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether haloperidol decreases MME for the treatment of non-specific abdominal pain diagnoses in the emergency department (ED), including gastroparesis, cyclic vomiting, cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, and unspecified abdominal pain. The primary outcome compared the difference in MME between encounters. Secondary outcomes included admission rate, pain scores, length of stay, rescue therapy administration, and adverse effects.n Methods: This retrospective chart review included patients ≥ 18 years old who presented to the ED. Patients must have had ≥ 2 ED encounters for abdominal pain, one in which they received conventional therapy with opioids (C-encounter), and the other in which they received haloperidol (H-encounter). Agitated patients were excluded. Seventy-five patients were needed to detect a 3 MME difference with 80% power and two-sided alpha of 0.05.n Results: We analyzed 107 patients with self-matched encounters. The median dose of haloperidol administered was 5.0 milligrams (mg) (interquartile range [IQR] 2.0 - 5.0). C-encounters had significantly more MME administered than H-encounters (median 5.7 mg [IQR 4.0 - 8.0] vs 0.0 mg [IQR 0.0 - 2.5], P l 0.001). These results remained significant despite route of haloperidol administration. C-encounters had higher rates of rescue therapy administration than H-encounters, (56% vs 33.6%, P l 0.001). There were higher rates of ketorolac administration in the H-encounter (P = 0.02).n Conclusion: Encounters in which patients received haloperidol and ketorolac for abdominal pain had a statistically significant reduction in MME administered and lower rates of rescue therapy administration than encounters in which patients were treated with opioids.
14-3-3 protein regulation of excitation-contraction coupling.

14-3-3 proteins (14-3-3 s) are a family of highly conserved proteins that regulate many cellular processes in eukaryotes by interacting with a diverse array of client proteins. The 14-3-3 proteins have been implicated in several disease states and previous reviews have condensed the literature with respect to their structure, function, and the regulation of different cellular processes. This review focuses on the growing body of literature exploring the important role 14-3-3 proteins appear to play in regulating the biochemical and biophysical events associated with excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) in muscle. It presents both a timely and unique analysis that seeks to unite studies emphasizing the identification and diversity of 14-3-3 protein function and client protein interactions, as modulators of muscle contraction. It also highlights ideas within these two well-established but intersecting fields that support further investigation with respect to the mechanistic actions of 14-3-3 proteins in the modulation of force generation in muscle.
Implications of Extended Models of the Electron for Particle Theory and Cosmology

Although quantum theory has been very successful in the mathematical description of molecules, atoms and atomic nuclei, it has failed to resolve the conceptual problem posed by the wave-particle duality of fundamental entities such as the electron and photon. As long as these entities are regarded as infinitely small points the problem of the origin of mass, the reason for the observed wide variety of particles, and the connection between electromagnetic, nuclear and gravitational interactions cannot be resolved. Moreover, since in the present standard model of an expanding universe its initial size must have been of the order of the observed nuclear particles or smaller, such questions as to the nature of dark matter and the origin of the large-scale structures and motions in the very early universe can also not be answered without a more detailed understanding of the wave-nature of particles. It will be argued in the present paper that the crisis in fundamental physical theory and cosmology can be resolved along the lines originally suggested by Bohm, Weinstein, Vigier and others according to which the electron is regarded as a stable, rotating, extended structure describable in hydrodynamic terms similar to a vortex tube that can be excited to high states of internal motion such as envisioned more recently by superstring theory so as to account for the massses of mesons and other massive particles. Just as in the case of superstring theory, the existence of charges can then be explained as arising from the scission of a closed string or vortex ring under the action of zero-point vibrations as in the analogous case of the toroidal geons investigated by Wheeler, each of the ends becoming the extended source of an electric field contributing a fractional charge of one-half, held together to give integral charges by a strong local Poincare-type cohesive or gravitational force as suggested by Motz. Such a strong local space-curvature or gravitational force may explain the quantum potential of Bohm, since a high local curvature constant is found to be a necessary consequence of the evolution of matter in a series of scission processes from a Lemaitre-type’ primeval atom’ consisting of a highly excited relativistic state of the electron - positron system originally developed to provide a model for the neutral pimeson and subsequently found to provide molecular-type models for all hadrons.
Attitude Measurement: A Cognitive Perspective

This paper concerns attitude questions, especially artifacts in the attitude measurement process. When it comes to artifacts, one man’s meat is another man’s poison. For most of us — most of the time — artifacts are nuisances that obscure the real phenomena of interest. But sometimes it is worthwhile to take another, more charitable view toward artifacts and to treat them as interesting phenomena in their own right. As McGuire (1969) has pointed out, today’s artifact is tomorrow’s independent variable. In a similar vein, Schuman (1982) has argued that artifacts are in the mind of the beholder. This chapter will take both tacks, viewing artifacts as substantive meat and as methodological poison.
Lymphocyte-Defined Histocompatibility Differences as a Model for Tumor Antigens

Reactivity of lymphocytes in mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) [2, 8] for the most part reflects disparity for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The MHC contains loci which control the serologically defined antigens (H-2 of mouse or HL-A of man). However, evidence in the mouse points to the existence of other MHC differences which cannot be detected serologically, but which can lead to MLC activation, and in some cases to graft rejection. This evidence has been extensively reviewed in previous publications [4, 5] and will only be summarized here; the possible relationship of these findings to the detection and definition of tumor antigens will be discussed.
Optimal Loop Synthesis in Quantitative Feedback Theory

Quantitative Feedback Theory (QFT), a robust control design method introduced by Horowitz, has been shown to be useful in many cases of multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) parametrically uncertain systems. Prominent is the capability for direct design to closed loop frequency response specifications. The theory and development of optimization-based aigorithms for design of minimum-gain controllers is presented.
Candidate genes for the phycoerythrocyanin alpha subunit lyase. Biochemical analysis of pecE and pecF interposon mutants.

Abstract The rod substructures of the Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 phycobilisome contain the light harvesting proteins C-phycocyanin and phycoerythrocyanin (PEC). Even at low light intensities, PEC represents no more than 5% of the phycobilisome protein. The β subunits of both proteins carry thioether-linked phycocyanobilin (PCB) at β-Cys-82 and β-Cys-155; however, C-phycocyanin has PCB at α-Cys-84 whereas PEC α subunit carries phycobiliviolin at this position. The Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 pec operon is made up of five genes. PecB and pecA encode the β and α subunits of PEC, pecC encodes a linker polypeptide associated with PEC in the rod substructure, and pecE and pecF are genes of unknown function that show a high degree of homology to cpcE and cpcF, that encode a C-phycocyanin α subunit PCB lyase (Fairchild, C. D., Zhao, J., Zhou, J., Colson, S. E., Bryant, D. A., and Glazer, A. N.(1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 89, 7017-7021). Insertional mutants in pecE and pecF, and an interposon mutant in which a portion of both pecE and pecF was deleted, were constructed. All three types of mutants grew 1.3 times slower than wild-type under limiting light conditions and showed a 20% reduction in the PCB content of whole cells relative to chlorophyll a. Holo-PEC was missing from the phycobilisomes of all three types of mutants and the level of the PEC linker polypeptide was reduced relative to the wild-type. However, ∼30% of the wild-type level of the PEC β subunit was present in all of these phycobilisomes. In contrast, the PEC α subunit was barely detectable in the pecE and pecF mutants, but was present in the pecEF deletion mutant as a PCB-adduct in a 1:1 ratio with the PEC β subunit. The identity of this “unnatural” adduct was confirmed by isolation of the subunit and amino-terminal sequencing. These biochemical results support the inference that pecE and pecF encode a PEC α subunit phycobiliviolin lyase, and, in conjunction with earlier findings, demonstrate that phycobiliprotein bilin lyases show high selectivity (rather than absolute specificity) for both the bilin and the polypeptide substrate.
Information extraction from helicopter maintenance records as a springboard for the future of maintenance text analysis

This paper introduces a novel application of information extraction techniques to extract data from helicopter maintenance records to populate a database. The goals of the research are to preprocess the text-based data for further use in data mining efforts and to develop a system to provide a rough analysis of generic maintenance records to facilitate in the development of training corpora for use in machine-learning for more refined information extraction system design. The Natural Language Toolkit was used to implement partial parsing of text by way of hierarchical chunking of the text. The system was targeted towards inspection descriptions and succeeded in extracting the inspection code, description of the part/action, and date/time information with 80.7% recall and 89.9% precision.
HALF-LIVES OF RADIONUCLIDES. I

Half-lives of thirty radionuclides are reported. Most of the samples were chemically purified after bombardment. In general, the activity of a given sample was followed for two or more half-lives, ...
Feminism and Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit: ‘Lordship and Bondage’ and ‘Ethical Action’

In quest of an authoritative text for determining the relationship between Hegel and feminism, nearly all writers on the subject have turned to his interpretation of Antigone in chapter six of the Phenomenology of Spirit. There are at least two compelling reasons for this. In the first place, as the comprehensive introduction to Hegel's writings, the Phenomenology of Spirit is the obvious place to begin in exploring Hegel's arguments on the subject (compare Forster 1998: 13-14). Because the description of gender relations in the world of ancient Greece in chapter six is Hegel's only extended discussion on the topic, this obviously recommends that discussion as a starting point for study. In the second place, Hegel refers back to the division of gender roles in that chapter in some of his discussions concerning gender and women in subsequent ethical writings, most notably in the Elements of the Philosophy of Right. This would suggest that Hegel himself took the discussion there as authoritative on matters of gender. Despite general agreement that Hegel's account of Antigone in the Phenomenology of Spirit is significant, scholars differ on how best to interpret that significance. Kelly Oliver argues that Hegel's restriction of women to traditional family roles in chapter six prevents them from participating in later stages of the dialectic, a fact that ‘undermines Hegel's entire project in the Phenomenology’ (Oliver 1996: 69). Patricia Jagentowicz Mills claims that ‘Hegel's interpretation of Sophocles’ play Antigone is central to an understanding of woman's role in the Hegelian system' (Mills 1996: 59), but goes on to argue that Hegel uses a distortion of the play ‘to represent woman in the family in transhistorical terms’ (Mills 1996: 78).
A pleural information programme: For patients and training

Background: Pleural effusions usually signify advanced disease, increased symptom load and limited life expectancy when malignant. They need prompt effective management, safely and with least possible inconvenience and discomfort. Patient choice is key and informed consent is crucial because of possible risks related to the invasive pleural intervention. Aim: To develop an interactive tool for healthcare professionals to illustrate and explain the various pleural modalities to patients and trainees. Method & Results: We initially used a focus group to determine the key areas, and then piloted it firstly amongst respiratory nurses, then amongst medical and non-medical persons and lastly amongst patients; all the while incorporating feedback into the final version. This was then reviewed and approved by the Trust9s "Patient Information Group" panel. Conclusion: This is an easy to use programme that helps inform patients of the available management options, what they entail and the procedural steps, providing a platform for an open and informed discussion of the pros and cons of each procedure and the possible risks. It has also been proven to be a useful training tool as well. We hope to demonstrate the programme on tablets or screens at the ERS and disseminate and share amongst colleagues.
Evaluación diagnóstica del paciente dismórfico

Resumen Dismorfologia se refiere al estudio de los pacientes con malformaciones congenitas. En este concepto se incluyen tambien pacientes con otras alteraciones morfologicas que lo hacen aparecer diferente. En este articulo revisamos los diferentes tipos de alteraciones que el medico debe reconocer, tanto cualitativas, como malformaciones, deformaciones, disrupciones y displasias, como cuantitativas enfatizando la importancia de diferenciar si estas constituyen variacion normal, racial o familiar, o son indicadores de una afeccion genetica. Delinearemos la forma de estudiar al paciente y los problemas mas frecuentes que dificultan establecer el diagnostico. Si la malformacion es aislada, de causa poligenica/multifactorial, es habitualmente el medico tratante quien establece el diagnostico y otorga asesoramiento genetico. En caso de anomalias multiples, en que hay que determinar su etiologia especifica, lo recomendable es referir el paciente a un genetista clinico. Solo asi se podra dar asesoramiento genetico responsable ayudando al paciente a lograr su maximo potencial genetico y a la familia a tener hijos normales.
Subject centric group feature for person re-identification

This paper presents a subject centric group feature for person re-identification. Our approach is inspired by the observation that people often tend to walk alongside others or in a group. We argue that co-travelers' information, including geometry and visual cues, can reduce the re-identification ambiguity and lead to better accuracy, compared to approaches that rely only on visual cues. We introduce person-group feature to capture both geometry and visual information of co-travelers around a subject. We compute the dis-similarity between person-group features by solving an integer programming problem. The proposed approach is evaluated in its ability to improve the accuracy of re-identification of people traveling within groups. The results show that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art visual based as well as group information based methods.
Exact Conditions and Their Relevance in TDDFT

This chapter is devoted to exact conditions in time-dependent density functional theory. Many conditions have been derived for the exact ground-state density functional, and several have played crucial roles in the construction of popular approximations. We believe that the reliability of the most fundamental approximation of any density functional theory, the local density approximation (LDA), is due to the exact conditions that it satisfies. Improved approximations should satisfy at least those conditions that LDA satisfies, plus others. (Which others is part of the art of functional approximation).
Separate Opinion Writing On The United States Courts Of Appeals

In this article, we set ourselves to the task of identifying the determinants of separate opinion writing on the U.S. Courts of Appeals. Utilizing a new institutional theoretical framework, we evaluate a series of hypotheses concerning the connection between separate opinion writing behavior and attitudinal, institutional, and legal factors. Within this broad theoretical framework, we are particularly sensitive to the manner in which judges may advance certain goals through authorship of separate opinions. We find that judges’ policy preferences, case salience, and collegiality norms all affect the likelihood that a judge will write a separate opinion. Our research provides additional support for integrated models of judicial decision-making that take into account institutional, attitudinal, and legal influences on judicial behavior.