cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predicting Accrual Achievement: Monitoring Accrual Milestones of NCI-CTEP–Sponsored Clinical Trials

Purpose: The need to increase the number oncology clinical trials with sufficient enrollments is a well-known issue, particularly for trials targeting therapeutic applications. It is critical to identify early predictors of eventual study accrual achievement. Experimental Design: All nonpediatric phase I, I/II, II, and III therapeutic studies supported by the National Cancer Institute Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (NCI-CTEP) between 2000 and 2007 ( n = 764) were analyzed for accrual performance. Accrual achievement is defined as those enrolling 100% or more of the stated minimum accrual goal at the time of trial closure. Two accrual milestones were analyzed per trial: time to first patient enrollment and expected time to accrual goal. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the OR with respect to the likelihood of clinical trial accrual achievement. Results: A total of 81.5% ( n = 623) of the trials did not achieve the projected accrual goals within the anticipated accruing period. Furthermore, 37.2% ( n = 284) of trials failed to achieve the minimum projected accrual at study closure regardless of time the trial was open. Trials that accrue the first enrollment beyond 2 months ( n = 379, 49.6%) are significantly less likely to achieve the accrual performance than those trials that enroll patients under 2 months (OR: 0.637, 95% CI: 0.464–0.875, P = 0.005). Of the studies that are open beyond the anticipated enrollment period ( n = 603), those do not achieve at least 60.0% of the projected minimum accrual ( n = 391, 64.8%) have a significantly less likelihood of achieving final accruals by study closure (OR: 0.190, 95% CI: 0.055–0.652, P = 0.008). Conclusions: The time to first patient enrollment and expected time to accrual goal are shown to be valid measures to evaluate the likelihood of achieving the minimum projected accrual. Clin Cancer Res; 17(7); 1947–55. ©2011 AACR .
Characterization of SAPO-34 membranes by water adsorption

Abstract The effects of humidity on gas permeation were studied for five SAPO-34 membranes with different fractions of permeation through non-SAPO pores. Membranes with high CO 2 /CH 4 separation selectivities (>20) were stable in humidified gases, but degradation was seen for some membranes after months of exposure to the laboratory atmosphere. Once the membranes started to degrade, the rate of degradation appeared to accelerate. The degradation created non-SAPO pores that were larger than the SAPO-34 pores, as indicated by i -C 4 H 10 permeance, CO 2 /CH 4 selectivity, and CO 2 flux dependence on pressure. The effect of humidity on gas permeance correlated with these indicators of non-SAPO pores. Adsorbed water appeared to completely block the SAPO pores, but permeation through non-SAPO pores increased with humidity. Therefore, water adsorption can be used to determine membrane quality and the fraction of transport through non-SAPO pores.
A model of the rodent head direction system that accounts for unique properties of anterior thalamic head direction cells

Abstract We present a model of the rat head direction cell circuit that accounts for the recently discovered bimodality and distortion observed in the tuning curves of anterior thalamic head direction cells. This model also explains why anterior thalamic head direction cells show a constant amount of anticipation across all angular velocities.
Philadelphia chromosome‐positive blastic leukaemia: ultrastructural and ultracytochemical evidence of basophil and mast cell differentiation

Summary. Ultrastructural, ultracytochemical, immunologic and biochemical studies were performed on leukaemic cells from 41 patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive blastic leukaemia; 28 patients were in blast transformation of chronic myelogenous leukaemia and 13 patients presented with ‘acute’leukaemia. The patients were divided into two morphologic groups, lymphoid (16 cases) and myeloid (25 cases), on the basis of light microscopy and cytochemistry. All lymphoid cases studied for the presence of CALLA (10 patients) and TdT (11 patients) were positive. Two of 13 myeloid cases studied were TdT positive. The blasts from 10 of 16 lymphoid cases contained immature basophil/mast cell granules on ultrastructural examination. Peroxidase-positive ‘lymphoid’blasts were noted in three of seven patients studied by ultracytochemical techniques. The reactivity was primarily confined to granular structures. Of the 25 cases in the myeloid group, blasts from 14 cases showed basophil/mast cell differentiation, nine cases showed neutrophil/monocyte features, and two cases were megakaryoblastic. Distinct patterns of ultrastructural peroxidase positivity were seen in the seven myeloid cases studied. In basophil/mast cell precursors the reactivity was primarily confined to granules; neutrophil precursors showed reactivity in the nuclear envelope, rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), golgi and granules; in megakaryoblasts, only the nuclear envelope and RER were positive while the granules were consistently negative.
Diurnal and Seasonal Variations of Ultrafine Particle Formation in Anthropogenic SO2 Plumes

The cloud condensation nuclei concentrations predicted by global aerosol models are sensitive to how new particle formation in subgrid anthropogenic SO2 plumes is parameterized. Using a state-of-the-art kinetic nucleation model, we carried out two case studies to investigate the large difference in the number concentrations of ultrafine particles observed in the plumes from the Horne smelter: one in the summer and the other in the winter. Our model predicted that particle number concentrations are in good agreement with observations for both cases, showing that particle formation in the Horne smelter plumes is dominated by binary homogeneous nucleation (BHN) in the winter case and by ion-mediated nucleation (IMN) in the summer case. Further sensitivity studies reveal significant diurnal and seasonal variations of sulfate particle formation in the anthropogenic SO2 plume, mainly associated with corresponding variations of two key parameters: hydroxyl radical concentration ([OH]) and temperature. Nucleation...
The differential impact of family characteristics on the academic achievement of black and white youth

Abstract In recent years concern about the black–white test score gap has grown. Yet, little attention has been given to the differential impact black and white families might have on academic achievement. The purpose of this paper is to fill this void by examining the impact of family sociodemographic and interpersonal process characteristics on the academic achievement of black and white youth. I address two questions: (1) do black and white families parent their children differently; and (2) does the size of the impact of family traits on academic achievement differ among these adolescents. Using data from Prince George's County, Maryland, as a case study, I find that black and white families employ different parenting strategies. Also, different family characteristics influence black and white achievement. I conclude with a discussion of the implications these findings have for lessening the black–white test score gap.
Effects of early life exposure to methylmercury in Daphnia pulex on standard and reduced food ration.

As a well-known eco-toxicological model organism, Daphnia pulex may also offer advantages in human health research for assessing long-term effects of early life exposures to coupled stressors. Here, we examine consequences of early life exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) under standard and reduced food ration. We exposed Daphnia for 24 h in early life to varying concentrations of methylmercury(II) chloride (0, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 ng/L) and thereafter kept Daphnia on either a standard or a reduced food ration. The data suggests an additive effect of MeHg concentration and food ration on decreasing lifespan, although MeHg concentration does not affect survival linearly. Food ration and MeHg concentration were predictive of reduced reproduction, and there is some evidence of an interaction (p = 0.048). Multi-stressor work in alternative model systems may be useful for prioritizing research, taking into account potential antagonistic, additive or synergistic effects that nutritional status may have on chemical toxicity.
Hubris: A Primal Danger

Although the myth of Oedipus has been linked with psychiatry through the words of Sigmund Freud, it has not been remembered in the context of its playwright's intention. Sophocles gave Oedipus to his fellow Athenians as a warning (Knox, 1984). That warning was about hubris. This paper proposes that warnings about hubris have appeared on our phylogenetic radar. It concludes that these archetypal warnings have been essential for our species, as strivings for power and status endanger prosocial behaviors critical for survival. This idea has support from recent studies about cooperative behavior, fairness, and reciprocity that suggest we are predisposed to protect prosocial behaviors and punish that which threatens them. The paper ultimately encourages clinicians to differentiate between pride and hubris, related emotional states that drive very different motivational and goal-directed responses in moral decision-making.
Enhanced oral absorption and antiviral activity of 1-O-octadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-acyclovir and related compounds in hepatitis b virus infection, in vitro

Acyclovir (ACV) triphosphate and azidothymidine (AZT) triphosphate inhibit the DNA polymerase of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) by 50% at submicromolar concentrations, but no effects of ACV or AZT treatment have been noted on the clinical manifestations of hepatitis B. We synthesized 1-O-octadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-acyclovir (ODG-P-ACV), 1-O-hexadecylpropanediol-3-phospho-acyclovir (HDP-P-ACV), and 1-O-octadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-azidothymidine (ODG-P-AZT), and evaluated their antiviral activity in human hepatoma cells that constitutively produce HBV (2.2.15 cells). ACV and AZT up to 100 microM caused only slight inhibition of HBV replication in 2.2.15 cells. However, HDP-P-ACV and ODG-P-ACV inhibited viral replication by 50% at 0.5 and 6.8 microM, respectively. ODG-P-AZT also showed increased antiviral activity, with a 50% reduction in HBV replication at 2.1 microM. Based on the EC50, HDP-P-ACV, ODG-P-ACV, and ODG-P-AZT were > 200, > 14.7, and > 48 times more active than their free nucleosides in reducing HBV replication in 2.2.15 cells. To evaluate the biochemical basis for the increased antiviral activity, we studied the uptake and metabolism of 1-O-octadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-[3H]acyclovir (ODG-P-[3H]ACV) in HepG2 cells. Cellular uptake of ODG-P-[3H]ACV was found to be substantially greater than that of [3H]ACV, and cellular levels of ACV-mono-, -di-, and -triphosphate were much higher with ODG-P-ACV. ODG-P-[3H]ACV was well absorbed orally. Based on urinary recovery of tritium after oral or parenteral administration of the radiolabeled compounds, oral absorption of ODG-P-ACV in mice was 100% versus 37% for ACV. ODG-P-ACV plasma area under the curve was more than 7-fold greater than that of ACV. Lipid prodrugs of this type may be useful orally in treating viral diseases.
College Students' Academic Beliefs and Their Motives for Communicating With Their Instructor

Academic entitlement, a term used to reflect students' expectation for success regardless of personal effort, has become a growing issue at many universities. This study examined the relationship between college students' academic beliefs (i.e., academic entitlement, grade orientation, learner orientation, self-efficacy) and their motives for communicating with their instructor. Participants were 184 undergraduate students who completed a series of self-report scales. Students' level of academic entitlement was positively related to their grade orientation but negatively related to their self-efficacy. Results of a canonical correlation revealed that students who were learning oriented, but not grade oriented, and possessed self-efficacy communicated with their instructor for relational and participatory reasons. Students who were academically entitled and grade oriented communicated with their instructor for sycophantic reasons and to a lesser extent for participatory reasons but not for functional reasons.
Trends in Patent Applications Relating to Organic Rankine Cycle

Abstract This study presents a statistical analysis of patent data to explore the technological developments of the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). The ORC is considered as one of the most economic and efficient ways to convert low grade thermal energy to electricity. Patent data of this study are obtained from the commercial database, Thomson Innovation, which can be used to search the patent information from many countries and offices. With searching, screening, and patent family integrating by the International Patent Documentation Center (INPADOC), 304 patents are analyzed in the present study. The results show that the patent applications increase slowly before 2006, but increase significantly from 2009 to 2011 mainly due to the contributions from the applications in China and Republic of Korea. The year of 2009 can be regarded as a significant distinction year for the ORC development and patent application. The results also show that the assignee from United States is the most prominent. On the other hand, the number of patent applications in China is the largest, indicating that China might be one of the most potential markets of the ORC. The main International Patent Classification (IPC) of the patent data is F01K (i.e., Steam engine plants; Steam accumulators; Engine plants not otherwise provided for; Engines using special working fluids or cycles). Most importantly, the technology life cycle of the ORC, based on the patent data, is at a growth stage.
Instantaneous Axis of Rotation for Lumbar Spine Torsion Measured In Vivo

Segmental spine instability — especially that of torsional nature — is difficult to diagnose in a degenerative lumbar spine in vivo. The motion of the lumbar segment is of a coupled nature and is described by a total of six degrees of freedom. Relative motion between two bodies in space is described by translations and rotations, and this includes the concept of the instantaneous axis of rotation (IAR). References 1–3 are representative reports of the many available in the literature about calculations of the IAR in cadaveric tissue, usually single motion segments [1–3]. In contrast, results of the IAR for lumbar motion measured in vivo (and by extension, for the whole lumbar spine) are actually scarce. Based on the preliminary report presented by group [4], in the present study we describe the characteristics of the IAR for lumbar spine torsion measured in vivo in a much larger cohort of normal subjects through the application of the method originally described by Kinzel et al. [5].Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Effect of Ancillary Ligands and Solvents on H/D Exchange Reactions Catalyzed by Cp*Ir Complexes

A series of complexes of the form Cp*Ir(NHC)(X)n and [Cp*Ir(NHC)(L)2][OTf]2, where NHC = 1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene (n = 2, X = Cl− (1-Cl), NO3− (1-NO3), −OC(O)CF3 (=TFA, 1-TFA); n = 1, X = SO42− (1-SO4); L = H2O (1-H2O), CH3CN (1-CH3CN), OTf = trifluoromethanesulfonato), were prepared. X-ray crystal structures of 1-OH2, 1-SO4, and 1-NO3 and the dimeric complex [(Cp*Ir(NHC)Cl)2][OTf]2 (2) were obtained. In solution, the complex 1-TFA was found to exist in equilibrium with [Cp*Ir(NHC)(OH2)2][OCOCF3]2 (1-aqua-TFA), where the aqua ligands are strongly hydrogen bound to the −OCOCF3 counterion. A van’t Hoff plot from −10 to 30 °C yielded values for the reaction enthalpy and entropy of ΔH° = −7.6 ± 0.7 kcal/mol and ΔS° = −30.6 ± 2.4 eu, respectively. These data are consistent with the observation that at higher temperatures the complex 1-TFA is favored. An X-ray crystal structure of 1-aqua-TFA was obtained. Catalytic H/D exchange reactions between benzene and various deuterium sources (CD3OD, CF3COOD...
Regioselectivity of Rhodium Nitrene Insertion. Syntheses of Protected Glycals of L-Daunosamine, D-Saccharosamine, and L-Ristosamine

[reaction: see text] The carbamate-protected glycals of naturally occurring 3,4-cis-3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxyhexoses (l-daunosamine, d-saccharosamine, and l-ristosamine) were prepared from noncarbohydrate starting materials. The short, high-yield syntheses are based on the chemoselective insertion of a rhodium nitrene in an allylic C-H bond rather than in a C-H bond that is alpha to an oxygen substituent.
Funded in part by a grant from Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children, Honolulu, Hawaii. Presented at the Fifty-ninth Annual Meeting of the Pacific Coast Obstetrical and Gynecological Society, Ojai, California, October 1118, 1992.

Objectives: We reviewed current sexual and contraceptive behavior of college-age men and women and compared the findings with those of similar studies in 1974 and 1979. Study Design: A randomly selected population questionnaire was provided to students registered in the spring 1991 semester. Of the 1921 survey forms mailed, 772 (40.2%) were returned. The CHIFIT test was used to determine representativeness of sample population to target population. Results: Proportionately more women than men responded, although the age grouping and academic standing were consistent with the university population. Of the 772 responses, 84.2% were sexually active with a mean age at onset of 17.8 years. Half (50.3%) always used contraception with oral contraceptives as the first choice and condoms second. Sexually transmitted diseases were reported by 19.1 %. More than one fourth (27.8%) had been tested for human immunodeficiency virus or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Fifteen percent (15.1 %) reported being forced to have sex, and 50% of these incidents had occurred before age 19. Conclusions: On a comparison with findings in 1974 and 1979, more students had participated in sexual activity beginning at a younger age with slightly less use of contraception. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993;168:1833-8.)
The 'rare biosphere': a reality check.

Methods for error correction and classification of metagenomic datasets suggest that the rare biosphere is not as large as previously assumed.
Theories of technological innovation as useful tools for corporate strategy

Three theories of technology and innovation; the product-process concept, the meta-learning concept, and the concept of technological interdependence, are used to relate technology and innovation to strategic management. This paper attempts to identify complementary and unifying concepts in these theories, which are useful to strategic planners. Performance indicators, from the commercial airline industry, are used to illustrate how theoretical assumptions can be related to practical applications. Type of innovation, stage of development, learning at all levels, interdependence between technologies, and users' expectations all appear to play a role in the emergence of technologies and the rate of innovation.
What Does the Case In Re: Katrina Canal Breaches Consolidated Litigation Mean for Infrastructure Managers?

This case study is based on the six consolidated lawsuits arising out of the damages caused by Hurricane Katrina. During Hurricane Katrina various levees were breached resulting in property damage to surrounding homes and businesses. Those parties filed law suits asking for damages from the U.S. government asserting that its agent (the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers) was negligent in designing and maintaining the levees in the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet. This study provides guidance to infrastructure managers on how to minimize liability through use of the federal trial court’s finding of facts and conclusion of law in the case of In Re: Katrina Canal Breaches Consolidated Litigation.
Mechanisms of non-photochemical hole-burning in organic glasses

Abstract From observation of the temperature dependence of hole formation and disappearance and of an anomalous temperature variation in zero-phonon fluorescence of tetracene in alcoholic glasses, conclusions regarding hole-burning mechanisms are made. At temperature above ≈10 K the homogeneous hole width allows determination of the rate of site interconversion.
Raman Spectroscopy at High Pressures

Raman spectroscopy is one of the most informative probes for studies of material properties under extreme conditions of high pressure. The Raman techniques have become more versatile over the last decades as a new generation of optical filters and multichannel detectors become available. Here, recent progress in the Raman techniques for high-pressure research and its applications in numerous scientific disciplines including physics and chemistry of materials under extremes, earth and planetary science, new materials synthesis, and high-pressure metrology will be discussed.
Zeros of the partition function using theorems of Ruelle

Theorems of Ruelle which provide a technique for finding regions of the relevant complex planes free of zeros of the partition function are used to study certain Ising spin systems. Of particular interest is the antiferromagnetic triangle lattice system with h≠0 and systems having three-body interactions.
A regression metamodel of a maintenance float problem with Erlang-2 failure distribution

This paper presents a framework for constructing regression metamodels for maintenance float systems (MFSs) with an Erlang-2 failure distribution. The metamodel is used in predicting the average equipment utilization (EU) of a maintenance float system for any given combination of repairpersons and standby units. It is shown that the regression metamodel from a 25 – 1 factorial experiment yields close approximations to simulation results. The EU metamodel is further applied in a cost structure to determine the optimum number ofstandby units, and the number of repairpersons. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis on EU can be conducted with the metamodel presented in this paper.
Electrical activity of hydrogen impurities in GaSb : First-principles calculations

Gallium antimonide exhibits a high unintentional $p$-type conductivity, which is conventionally attributed to native point defects. Our first-principles calculations, based on density-functional theory with inclusion of spin-orbit interactions, provide evidence that isolated hydrogen in GaSb acts as a source of $p$-type doping; it can be incorporated in high concentrations and acts as a shallow acceptor. We also report results for diffusion barriers, for frequencies of local vibrational modes, and for interstitial ${\text{H}}_{2}$ molecules.
The primate cochlear nuclei: loss of lamination as a phylogenetic process

In primates from prosimians to hominoids (lorisoid prosimians, marmoset and ceboid monkeys, cercopithecoid monkeys, and gibbon), there are differences in the location, depth, and extent of the granular layer of the cochlear nuclei. In the prosimians, the deep granular layer of the DCN is similar to that of other mammals, but there is, in addition, a superficial or subependymal layer of granule cells in the DCN. In ceboid and cercopithecoid monkeys, only a superficial or external granular layer is present in the DCN, and the granular layer over the VCN is much reduced. In the gibbon, there is no granular layer in either of the cochlear muclei. In conjunction with the progressive reduction of the cochlear granular layer in primates, fusiform cells lose their position as a radially oriented peripheral cell layer in the DCN and become located in the central region of the nucleus. These changes in primates are interpreted as resulting from failure of inward migration and increasing cell death in the ontogeny of the cochlear external granular layer, with concomitant changes occurring in the position and orientation of their target neurons, the fusiform cells.
Images of Women and Power

This article discusses iconic visual images of three powerful women: the Virgin of the Apocalypse, as painted by eighteenth-century indigenous Mexican artist Manuel Cabrera; Marlene Dietrich; and Dolores del Riio. In Cabrera's work, the Virgin Mary is depicted with wings, actively protecting her child and her people with great energy——almost the opposite of better-known images of the Virgin of Guadalupe. Artfully controlling her own image, Dietrich quietly flaunted her sexual power over the young John Wayne. Finally, del Riio used her image and extraordinary beauty to change the way American audiences perceived Latina women. Although she violated most of the gender-based expectations for Mexican women in her personal life, del Riio maintained her image as a great lady (not the typical Hollywood image of a Mexican ““spitfire””). Catholic filmmaker John Ford even chose to portray her as the Virgin Mary. These images made, and still make, a difference.
Intraoperative versus interstitial radiotherapy: A comparison of morbidity in the head and neck

Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) and interstitial radiotherapy (brachytherapy) are highly effective adjunctive treatments for head and neck cancer. The radiotolerance of the carotid artery, pharynx, and mandible to therapeutic doses of these modalities, however, has not been clearly established. To investigate the effects of IORT and interstitial iridium 192 ( 192 Ir) on these structures in the canine, both sides of the neck of 12 mongrel dogs were operated on to expose 4-cm segments of the common carotid artery, pharynx, and mandible. One side of the neck was irradiated in each animal with the opposite side serving as the unirradiated control
Growth in pygoscelid penguin chicks

A study of sympatrically breeding Adelie (Pygoscelis adeliae), Chinstrap (P. antarctica), and Gentoo (P. papua) penguins was undertaken on King George Island, South Shetland Islands to compare their rates and patterns of growth, and to relate these findings to pygoscelid breeding ecology. In contrast to other large oceanic birds, the logistic equation best described the biomass growth of pygoscelid penguins, as it did their culmen and flipper growth. Growth constants were 0146, 0127 and 0113; asymptotic weights were 3940 g, 4025 g and 5715 g for Adelie, Chinstrap and Gentoo penguins, respectively. Growth of feet and flippers was more rapid than culmen growth. Among the pygoscelids, the Adelie penguin has the most southern breeding range, the Gentoo the most northern; while the Chinstrap penguin's range is approximately intermediate to its congeners. In this and other studies, pygoscelid penguins show both an inverse correlation between their growth constants and asymptotic weights, and between their asymptotic weights and latitudinal distributions. Mean adult weights, however, are not correlated with latitudinal distributions as adult Adelie penguins weigh more than adult Chinstrap penguins. It is suggested that lower asymptotic weights are advantageous in the shorter breeding seasons found at higher latitudes. The similarity of growth rates of Adelie and Chinstrap penguins to day 37, and the decrease of the rate at which Chinstraps grow thereafter, does not support the hypothesis that Chinstrap penguin growth rates are retarded due to food competition with the Adelie penguin in areas of sympatry. The preponderance of krill (Euphausia spp.) in the diet of all these pygoscelid penguins suggests that differences in growth or survival rates resulted from factors other than dietary differences. Due to lack of available data, other such variables affecting survival and growth rates (e.g. predation, foraging strategies) could not be assessed. Recently pygoscelid penguin populations have expanded, probably in response to increased food resources. Adelie and Chinstrap populations have increased more rapidly than Gentoo populations. It is suggested that the lower rate of increase of Gentoo populations reflects basic differences in ecological strategies among pygoscelids, as evidenced by their growth patterns.
Effects of Voids and Their Interactions on SMT Solder Joint Reliability

Several finite element models were proposed to investigate the effects of voids and their interactions on SMT solder joint reliability in thermal mismatch loading. Both linear elastic analysis and non‐linear and time‐dependent finite element analysis were performed on models with different sizes and locations of voids in solder joints. The focus was on the interactions of the two voids. Various distances between voids are considered. Constitutive equations accounting for both plasticity and creep for one solder material were assumed and implemented in a finite element program. The following observations have been obtained: (i) the stress and strain in a solder joint of two voids are different from those of a one void joint; (ii) the stress and strain reach a maximum for a particular void size and location either along the interface of the solder joint or at the edges of voids; (iii) the initiation of interfacial debonding may be induced by the interaction of the voids; (iv) creep due to thermal cycling has a significant effect on solder joint reliability.
Semantic Parsing using Distributional Semantics and Probabilistic Logic

We propose a new approach to semantic parsing that is not constrained by a fixed formal ontology and purely logical inference. Instead, we use distributional semantics to generate only the relevant part of an on-the-fly ontology. Sentences and the on-the-fly ontology are represented in probabilistic logic. For inference, we use probabilistic logic frameworks like Markov Logic Networks (MLN) and Probabilistic Soft Logic (PSL). This semantic parsing approach is evaluated on two tasks, Textual Entitlement (RTE) and Textual Similarity (STS), both accomplished using inference in probabilistic logic. Experiments show the potential of the approach.
Smokestacks, Parkland, and Community Composition Examining Environmental Burdens and Benefits in Hall County, Georgia, USA

This case study addresses environmental equity, in terms of African American, Latino, White, and poor communities’ proximity to both industrial facilities and parkland in Hall County, Georgia, USA. The project’s two primary goals are to (a) expand environmental justice analyses to account for both environmental burdens (industrial sites) and benefits (parkland acreage), and (b) extend this broader investigation to the county’s emergent Latino populations. Results show that both Blacks and Latinos are overrepresented in census block groups (CBGs) within 1 mile of industrial facilities, while Whites are underrepresented. Conversely, Latinos and those near or below poverty are, on average, underrepresented in communities within one-quarter mile of parkland, but Whites are overrepresented. This article discusses the environmental justice and planning implications of these findings in terms of converting existing land uses to urban green space and fuller participation of minorities in such decision making.
Wegener's granulomatosis presenting with erosive arthritis

We describe a patient with Wegener's granulomatosis who presented with erosive arthritis. The patient's multisystem disease responded to cyclophosphamide treatment, and the erosions healed. Our findings suggest that Wegener's granulomatosis should be added to the differential diagnosis of diseases associated with erosive arthritis.
DNA transposon dynamics in populations of Daphnia pulex with and without sex

We investigate the role of recombination in transposable element (TE) proliferation in the cyclical parthenogen, Daphnia pulex. Recombination provides a mechanism by which the rate of both TE gain and loss can be accelerated, a duality that has long intrigued many biologists interested in the influence of sex on mutation accumulation. We compared TE loads among populations of D. pulex where sex occurs regularly (cyclical parthenogens or ‘sexuals’) with those in which the ability to reproduce sexually has been completely lost (obligate ‘asexuals’) for six different families of DNA transposons. Transposon display assays showed that sexuals have more TEs than asexuals, contrary to the expectations under Muller's ratchet but consistent with the idea that sex facilitates TE spread. Sexuals also exhibit higher insertion site polymorphism among lineages, as predicted because recombination accelerates rates of loss and gain. Asexuals, however, have proportionally more singletons (loci occupied in a single isolate), which differs from previous studies where selfing and outcrossing were used as a proxy for high and low recombination. Our multi-element survey reveals that the impact of sex on TE proliferation is consistent among different Class II TE families and we discuss the genomic consequences of different reproductive strategies over long time periods.
EGF receptor antiserum inhibits bone resorbing activity produced by a rat Leydig cell tumor associated with the humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy.

The humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) is a syndrome caused by tumor cells releasing unknown circulating factors which stimulate osteoclastic bone resorption. In the D6 variant of the rat Leydig cell tumor model of HHM, we found that tumor extracts and tumor cell conditioned medium contained a macromolecular bone resorbing factor which coeluted on column chromatography with transforming growth factor activity (TGF). This observation led to the hypothesis that the tumor-derived bone resorbing factor was a TGF which interacts with the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of two classes of antisera to the EGF receptor on bone resorption stimulated by conditioned medium from Leydig D6 tumor cells using organ cultures of fetal rat long bones. The antiserum which blocks the binding of EGF to its receptor inhibited bone resorption stimulated by tumor conditioned medium and by EGF. The second antiserum to the EGF receptor which does not block EGF binding ...
An in vivo 31P NMR study of cerebral hypoxic hypoxia in rats.

Twenty minutes of hypoxic hypoxia in five anesthetized rats reversibly reduced cerebral PCr and pH while ATP stayed constant. Complete metabolic and neurologic recovery occurred after oxygen was restored. Careful control of physiological parameters resulted in metabolite changes that were the same, within errors, in each animal. © 1986 Academic Press, Inc.
A platform-based strategic design approach for universal products

In this paper, we extend concepts from product family and platform design and mass customisation to create a method for a universal product family design. The objective of this paper is to develop a universal design method to generate an economically feasible design concept and evaluate the design feasibility with respect to disabilities within a product family in uncertain market environments. We consider a platform-level problem as a module selection problem for determining design parameters in variant modules for unique or common modules by minimising the production cost and maximising accessibility in a universal product family. In particular, a Bayesian game is employed to model uncertain situations regarding market environments. The proposed method is used to decide strategic equilibrium solutions for selecting modules in the universal product family being designed. To demonstrate implementation of the proposed method, we use a case study involving a family of kitchen products.
A tale of two coronaries.

A 43-year-oldmanwith hypercholesterolemia and a family history of premature coronary artery disease (CAD) was referred for a coronary calcium scan to screen for the presence of significant CAD. Following a coronary calciumscore of 10Agatstonunits and symptoms of atypical chest discomfort, the patient was referred for coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). This demonstrated the presence of an anomalous right dominant coronary artery (RCA) arising off the left coronary cusp. The RCA was stenosed at its origin (50–75%) and followed an acute course between the main pulmonary artery and the ascending aorta (Fig. 1a and b). Based on the results of the CTCA, the patient was referred for an exercise myocardial perfusion scan (rest/stress sestamibi) where he was able to achieve 16 min (18 METS) without significant cardiovascular symptoms. On rest/stress gated single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) there were no perfusion or wall motion abnormalities. One month later, this man's older brother, aged 55 years, was also screened for coronary artery disease based on cardiovascular risk factors of smoking, hypercholesterolemia and a family history of premature coronary artery disease. Following an abnormal coronary calcium score of 80 Agatston units, CCTA was performed. This demonstrated almost identical coronary anatomy to that of his brother (Fig. 2a and b). The patient was referred for an exercise stress echocardiogram where he was able to achieve 17 min with no cardiovascular symptoms, echocardiographic or hemodynamic abnormalities.
Asian fish tapeworm Bothriocephalus acheilognathi in the desert southwestern United States.

Abstract The Asian fish tapeworm Bothriocephalus acheilognathi (Cestoda: Bothriocephalidea) is an introduced fish parasite in the southwestern United States and is often considered a serious threat to native desert fishes. Determining the geographic distribution of nonnative fish parasites is important for recovery efforts of native fishes. We examined 1,140 individuals belonging to nine fish species from southwestern U.S. streams and springs between January 2005 and April 2007. The Asian fish tapeworm was present in the Gila River, Salt River, Verde River, San Pedro River, Aravaipa Creek, and Fossil Creek, Arizona, and in Lake Tuendae at Zzyzx Springs and Afton Canyon of the Mojave River, California. Overall prevalence of the Asian fish tapeworm in Arizona fish populations was 19% (range = 0–100%) and varied by location, time, and fish species. In California, the prevalence, abundance, and intensity of the Asian fish tapeworm in Mohave tui chub Gila bicolor mohavensis were higher during warmer months tha...
ELEVATED PLASMA PHENYLALANINE CONCENTRATION AND LYSINE INCORPORATION INTO RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN OF DEVELOPING BRAIN

— Hyperphenylalaninemia was induced in 7-day-old rabbits over a 6-hr period by intraperitoneal injection of phenylalanine. l-[U-14C]Lysine was injected intraperitoneally into these rabbits and into a control group. The rate of incorporation of l-[U-14C]lysme into brain ribosomal protein was decreased during a 5-hr period in the presence of elevated plasma phenylalanine concentrations. Lysine transport from the peritoneum to the plasma was unaffected by the high plasma phenylalanine concentrations.
13-Year Outcomes Following Treatment for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer in a Population Based Cohort

Purpose: Because data from randomized trials initiated after the introduction of prostate specific antigen testing are unavailable, we performed a retrospective, population based study to estimate prostate cancer specific survival and overall survival after surgery, radiation or observation to manage clinically localized prostate cancer.Materials and Methods: From the Connecticut Tumor Registry we identified Connecticut residents 75 years or younger diagnosed with clinically localized prostate cancer between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 1992. We obtained information from physician offices concerning treatments received by 1,618 patients who underwent surgery (802), external beam radiation therapy (702) or no initial therapy (114) and subsequent medical outcomes. Treatment comparisons were adjusted for pretreatment Gleason score, prostate specific antigen and clinical stage along with age at diagnosis and comorbidities using 3 methods, including categorization by risk, a proportional hazards model and ...
Fractal compression rate curves in lossless compression of balanced trees

Let α be an integer ≥ 2. We define a finite rooted oriented tree to be α-balanced if (1) there is no vertex with > α children, (2) for each vertex having exactly α children, the subtrees rooted at these children have numbers of leaves differing by at most 1, and (3) each child of each internal vertex with α (n) be logarithm to base two of the number of α-balanced trees having n leaves, which is roughly the codeword length needed to losslessly compress these trees via fixed-length binary codewords. Let {{x}} denote the fractional part of x. The compression rate curve C α is defined to be the set of limit points of the set of points of form ({{log α n}}, H α (n)/n). Two results about C α are presented. The first result is that C α is the graph of a unique realvalued nonconstant continuous function defined on [0, 1]. The second result is that C α is a 2-D fractal which is the attractor of an iterated function system S(α) consisting of α piecewise contractive 2-D mappings. For α = 2, 3, 4, we illustrate how a large number of points on C α can be rapidly generated via S(α).
Isozoanthus antumbrosus, a New Species of Zoanthid (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Zoanthidea) Symbiotic with Hydrozoa from the Caribbean, with a Key to Hydroid and Sponge-Symbiotic Zoanthid Species

Isozoanthus antumbrosus, a new species of zooxanthellate zoanthid, is described. Colonies associate with the arborescent hydroid Dentitheca dendritica in the Caribbean Sea at 1–60 m. The coenenchyme, column, and oral disk are seal brown. The tentacles are golden brown and number 30–38. The coloration of the oral disk and tentacles recalls an annular solar eclipse. Polyps are 4.1–8.9 mm long and 2.2–4.3 mm in diameter. Genetic, morphological, and ecological characters differentiate this species from other hydroid-symbiotic zoanthids. Assignment to the genus Isozoanthus is based on morphology, with the acknowledgment that the currently accepted genera may not reflect evolutionary relationships.
Haskell’s Coordinate System in Synthesis

Nearly three hundred years ago Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz observed: But as things are, man’s knowledge of nature seems to me like a shop, well stocked with goods of all kinds but lacking any order or inventory. (Leibniz (ca 1683), Parkinson 1973).
An Assessment of the Validity of Height—Weight Class Divisions for High School Girls

(1944). An Assessment of the Validity of Height—Weight Class Divisions for High School Girls. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 145-149.
Commentary: What Education Can Learn From the Arts

The arts have typically been regarded as non-cognitive activities that are often thought to be more ornamental than useful. This paper examines prevalent assumptions about the arts and identifies forms of thinking that the arts promote. It is argued that far from being merely decorative, the arts stimulate, refine, and convey meanings that cannot be expressed in any other form of representation. The recognition of the demands and the contributions that the arts make is of fundamental importance in justifying the place of the arts in our schools, that is, as being central, rather than peripheral educational accomplishments. This paper identifies a number of the forms of thinking that the arts promote as a basis for building a case for their presence in our schools by regarding them as being substantially more than of marginal importance.
Focused Transthoracic Echocardiography Performed and Interpreted by Medical Residents in the Critically Ill

Purpose. Intensivist-performed focused echocardiography (FE) is accepted practice. Whether medical residents can perform and interpret quality FE in the critically ill is unknown. Methods. Novice residents trained in an 8-hour module in FE, evaluating ejection fraction (EF), pericardial effusion, right ventricular (RV) strain, valvular pathology, wall motion abnormalities (WMAs), and inferior vena cava collapsibility in patients awaiting comprehensive echocardiograms. The Fleiss kappa (κ), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values were calculated against the comprehensive echocardiogram. Results. Seven residents performed 102 FE, demonstrating substantial agreement with cardiologists for EF as decreased versus normal or hyperdynamic (κ = .67, P < .001, sensitivity = 94%, specificity = 93%) and pericardial effusion (κ = .60, P < .001, sensitivity = 85%, specificity = 93%); moderate agreement for aortic stenosis (κ = .54, P < .001, sensitivity = 56%, specificity = ...
Beginning of Sino-US Trade ——the Whole Process of“Empress of China”Coming to China

In 1784,a merchant ship named "empress of China"from the United States opened a new chapter of Sino-US trade. Before the maiden voyage,the Qing government had changed his policy from four south ports to Guangzhou port and the foreign trade was managed by thirteen hongs. The success of the first voyage opened up a new epoch of Sino-US trade,and it has profound significance on expanding the overseas markets of the United States and China's opening to the outside world. Since then,SinoUS trade exceeded the Netherlands,France and other European countries at the trend of torrent riding,the value of Sino-US trade was second only to Britain who had one hundred years history to china. A number of factors contributed to the success of this great voyage. It's not a coincidence but a longplanned simmering east tour.
10 – Ultratrace Impurity Analysis of Wafer Surfaces

Abstract The performance of semiconductor devices is controlled, or inadvertently affected, by the presence of extremely low concentrations of organic and inorganic materials that would be inconsequential in a majority of other manufacturing situations. In order to determine the effect of these low-level impurities on device electrical performance it is necessary to have metrology techniques that can not only determine the presence of these impurity components, but also have the capability to determine their spatial distribution and concentration. In this chapter, various metrology techniques utilized in process and device R&D and production control will be presented and discussed, along with their relative strengths and modes of application.
Online Learning Tools as Supplements for Basic and Clinical Science Education

Undergraduate medical educators are increasingly incorporating online learning tools into basic and clinical science curricula. In this paper, we explore the diversity of online learning tools and consider the range of applications for these tools in classroom and bedside learning. Particular advantages of these tools are highlighted, such as delivering foundational knowledge as part of the “flipped classroom” pedagogy and for depicting unusual physical examination findings and advanced clinical communication skills. With accelerated use of online learning, educators and administrators need to consider pedagogic and practical challenges posed by integrating online learning into individual learning activities, courses, and curricula as a whole. We discuss strategies for faculty development and the role of school-wide resources for supporting and using online learning. Finally, we consider the role of online learning in interprofessional, integrated, and competency-based applications among other contemporary trends in medical education are considered.