cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studies on herpes simplex virus. I. An antigenic analysis of four strains of virus isolatec from a human subject.

trasting refractoriness to herpetic infection of non herpetics and the continuing susceptibility to focal infection of individuals apparently harboring herpes virus and its circulating antibody concomitantly are still subject to speculation. The precise role of specific humoral antibodies in recurrent herpetic attacks, whether of preventing the spread of virus from superficial tissues, or of determining by periodic fluctuation in titer the appearance of eruptions, or of exerting a more intricate influence upon the host cell-virus relationship, is undecided. The present series of experimental studies, limited to the laboratory, were made in an effort to elucidate some of the factors concerned in the in-
Tania Hermida’s Qué tan lejos: Bending Conventions on the Road to Cuenca

Rueda’s analysis of Que tan lejos (Tania Hermida, 2006) explores how in this film US and European conventions meet the Latin American literary and cultural tradition. By means of this eclectic mixture, Que tan lejos stages a contradiction between Ecuador’s natural beauty and its sociopolitical reality. In contrast with US road movies, centered on the sense of individualism and mobility that characterizes postwar USA, Hermida’s road film draws on the Latin American tradition to addresses complex issues such as the tensions between Spain and Latin America, the clash between marginalized indigenous peoples and the Ecuadorian state, and the policies of a controversial agreement between the governments of Colombia and the USA that have also affected Ecuador.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A Tribute to Its Architects

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations on December 10, 1948, had five key architects: American Eleanor Roosevelt, Lebanon’s Charles Malik, China’s Peng-chun Chang, Canada’s John Humphrey, and France’s Rene Cassin. They represented diverse cultures and religions, and often disagreed sharply. This article offers a short history of their work and achievement.
Transcriptional regulation by normal epithelium of premalignant to malignant progression in Barrett’s esophagus

In carcinogenesis, intercellular interactions within and between cell types are critical but remain poorly understood. We present a study on intercellular interactions between normal and premalignant epithelial cells and their functional relevance in the context of premalignant to malignant progression in Barrett’s esophagus. Using whole transcriptome profiling we found that in the presence of normal epithelial cells, dysplastic cells but not normal cells, exhibit marked down-regulation of a number of key signaling pathways, including the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and epithelial growth factor (EGF). Functional assays revealed both cell types showed repressed proliferation and significant changes in motility (speed, displacement and directionality) as a result of interactions between the two cell types. Cellular interactions appear to be mediated through both direct cell-cell contact and secreted ligands. The findings of this study are important in that they reveal, for the first time, the effects of cellular communication on gene expression and cellular function between premalignant (dysplastic) epithelial cells and their normal counterparts.
Mobilizing the Crowd to Create an Open Repository of Research Talks

While most existing research knowledge is distributed in the form of papers, there has been a shift towards learning and consuming information through video. Limited time and resources, however, prevent individual researchers from making their work available in this format. Crowdsourcing this task is a promising alternative, but it requires solving complex coordination and collaborative video production problems. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end solution to crowdsource the creation of research videos. To assist coordination, we designed a structured workflow that enables efficient delegation of tasks, while also providing a collaborative learning environment to the crowd for motivation. To facilitate video production, we developed an online system through which groups can make micro audio recordings that are automatically stitched together to create a complete talk. We tested this approach with a group of volunteers recruited from 24 countries through an open call. This distributed crowd produced five video talks based on the best paper winners and nominees from WWW 2016. Evaluations from the authors of the papers and outside reviewers rated the talks "very good" (giving a median score of 4 out of 5). We further applied this method to translate these talks and produce 11 additional videos in Spanish, Romanian, and Catalan. These results suggest that our crowdsourcing approach has the potential to significantly increase learning and the accessibility of the scientific knowledge.
Pediatric Obesity: Anesthetic Implications and Perioperative Considerations for Weight Loss Surgery

Obesity in children and adolescents has become a common chronic illness encountered by anesthesia providers. Pediatric obesity is associated with significant comorbidities, and providing safe anesthesia for these patients is crucial. Surgical procedures for weight loss surgery are becoming increasingly common for management of this chronic pediatric illness. Bariatric surgical procedures for obese adolescents continue to evolve, and the sleeve gastrectomy has become the favored procedure for these patients. Updated medication dosing guidelines for obese patients will be reviewed. In this article, we describe the comorbidities of pediatric obesity, discuss emerging trends in surgical weight loss techniques, review the anesthetic implications of obesity, and share postoperative pain management strategies for adolescents undergoing weight loss surgery. Finally, we share our protocol for the anesthetic management of obese children and adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery at our institution.
Evaluation of Performance Status and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Specific Comorbidity Index on Unplanned Admission Rates in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Undergoing Outpatient Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation.

Abstract Although outpatient autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is safe and feasible in most instances, some patients undergoing planned outpatient transplantation for multiple myeloma (MM) will need inpatient admission for transplantation-related complications. We aim to evaluate the difference, if any, between outpatient and inpatient ASCT cohorts of MM patients in terms of admission rate, transplantation outcome, and overall survival. We also plan to assess whether the Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Comorbidity Index (HCT-CI) and Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) can predict unplanned admissions after adjusting for confounding factors. Patients with MM (n = 448) who underwent transplantation at our institution between 2009 and 2014 were included in this retrospective analysis. Patients were grouped into 3 cohorts: cohort A, planned inpatient ASCT (n = 216); cohort B, unplanned inpatient admissions (n = 57); and cohort C, planned outpatient SCT (n = 175). The statistical approach included descriptive, bivariate, and survival analyses. There were no differences among the 3 cohorts in terms of type of myeloma, stage at diagnosis, time from diagnosis to transplantation, CD34 cell dose, engraftment kinetics, and 100-day response rates. Serum creatinine was higher and patients were relatively older in both the planned inpatient (median age, 62 years; range, 33 to 80 years) and unplanned (median age, 59 years; range, 44 to 69 years) admission cohorts compared with the outpatient-only cohort (median age, 57 years; range, 40 to 70 years) (P 2 also appeared to be associated with worse outcomes compared with HCT-CI 0 to 1, the the difference did not reach statistical significance (hazard ratio, 1.41l 95% confidence interval, 0.72 to 2.76). Only 1 patient out of 448 died from a transplantation-related cause. Outpatient transplantation for myeloma is safe and feasible. In our experience, one-third of the patients undergoing outpatient transplantation needed to be admitted for transplantation-related toxicities. Patients in this group had lower preexisting KPS and higher HCT-CI scores. Whether planned admission for this group would have prevented unplanned admissions and undue stress on patients and the healthcare system should be tested in a prospective manner.
Estimating Occupant Satisfaction from Effective Temperature (ET

The concept of effective temperature, introduced by Houghten and Yaglou in 1923, stands as one of the major contributions to thermal comfort research. However, because it tends to overestimate the effects of humidity at cold temperatures and underestimate its effect at high temperatures, a new effective temperature index was proposed by Gagge. It is based on constant body wettedness caused by regulatory sweating. This paper describes a study in which the responses of 1600 subjects who were tested at 20 dry bulb temperatures at each of 8 relative humidities were treated by probit analysis. The results yielded two equations, one predicting “cold discomfort” and one predicting “warm discomfort”. The predicted percentage of people who will be dissatisfied was determined and is incorporated in an easily-read psychrometric chart. The results are discussed in terms of the new ASHRAE Comfort Standard and the Federal Energy Guidelines that mandates 65 F maximum for winter heating and 78 F mimimum for summer cooling.
How to control the Indoor Environmental Quality through the use of the Do-It-Yourself approach and new pervasive technologies

Abstract The article describes the results of the “Open-source Smart lamp” aimed at designing and developing a smart appliance that integrates a wireless communication system for building automation, following the maker movement philosophy. The device is able to get an overview of the potential of a nearable device equipped with a variety of sensors to broadcast digital data for the management and control of the Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) of the built environment. The Smart Lamp installed in a real office in order to test the reliability of the device in the management of the lighting and air quality levels.
Longitudinal Assessment of Denture Maintenance Needs in an Overdenture Population.

Purpose To evaluate the longitudinal denture maintenance needs of a tooth-supported overdenture population. Materials and methods This prospective cohort study was composed of patients who had received tooth-supported overdentures from 1974 to 1994 in the Department of Prosthodontics, University of Iowa. There were 272 persons with 662 abutments who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. To simplify analysis and reduce the number of confounding variables, only those participants wearing complete maxillary dentures and opposing complete mandibular overdentures supported by teeth #22 and #27 were included in this analysis. The denture maintenance needs of these participants were identified and related to age, gender, length of time wearing overdentures, number of medications, and denture-wearing habits. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses were used for the statistical analysis (α = 0.05). Results Of the 91 participants (mean age = 59.5 ± 10.1 years; 63.7% male) who fulfilled the inclusion criteria at baseline, 48.4% took 1 to 3 medications daily, and 84.6% wore their dentures day and night. The percentages of participants who needed one or more of the following denture treatments were: 91.2% denture base adjustments, 76.9% laboratory processed relines, 61.5% denture remakes, 33% laboratory remount and occlusal adjustment, 22% repaired bases, and 19.8% needed denture teeth replaced. Bivariate analyses indicated that participants who were 65 years and older needed more denture adjustments than patients younger than 65 years (p = 0.0343). Participants who had worn overdentures for more than 5 years were more likely to require denture remakes (p = 0.0304). Participants who wore their dentures only during the day were less likely to require repairs (p = 0.0403). Participants who did not take any medications were significantly less likely to require denture base repairs (p = 0.0258). For the 35 participants who returned for recalls at all 4 time points, males were more likely to need denture teeth repaired or replaced (p = 0.0335) and those aged 50 to 64 were more likely to need 2 or more adjustments (p = 0.0311). No overdenture abutments were lost by the participants in this study. Conclusions According to the results of this study, age, medication usage, denture-wearing habits, and age of the overdentures were significant factors associated with denture maintenance needs. Persons wearing overdentures need regular recalls, because they have continuing maintenance needs.
Cognitive Heuristics in Students’ College Decisions

The choice of college is a complex decision and an important starting point for many young adults. The decision begins the process of higher education, and for many individuals may be their initiation into “adult” choices that have a substantial impact on their future. A “good” choice may mean finding a college in which one will be successful, find enjoyment, make lasting friends, and emerge prepared for a career or graduate school. On the other hand, a poorer choice may result in poor preparation, unhappiness, and a transfer to another college, as well as expensive retraining or more limited academic and career alternatives.
Determination of Chlorinated Methylthiobenzenes and Their Sulfoxides and Sulfones in Fish

A procedure was developed to determine chlorinated methylthiobenzenes and their respective sulfur oxidation products in fish. Perch samples fortified at the 0.1 ppm level with 2,4,5-trichloromethylthiobenzene, pentachloromethylthiobenzene, and their sulfoxides and sulfones were extracted and cleaned up using an adaptation of the official AOAC method for multiple residues of organochlorine pesticides. The Florisil column cleanup was modified; 200 mL 6% petroleum etherethyl ether eluted the methylthiobenzenes, 200 mL 50% PE-EE eluted the sulfones, and 200 mL EE eluted the sulfoxides. Recoveries determined by electron capture (ECD) gas chromatography (GC) were 75-101% for the methylthiobenzenes and their sulfones and 63-93% for the sulfoxides. Co-extracted materials in the Florisil eluates that interfered with the ECD/GC quantitation were removed by partitioning the sulfoxides and sulfones into sulfuric acid and by thin layer chromatography on silica gel, using methylene chloride-hexane (50 + 50) as the developing solvent. Seven fish samples containing residues of chlorinated benzenes or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were examined for chlorinated methylthiobenzenes, methylthio-PCBs, and their oxidation products by matching GC retention times obtained with the EC detector and a flame photometric detector operated in the sulfur mode. These analytes were not found in the fish samples above a detection level equivalent to 0.02 ppm 2,4,5-trichloromethylthiobenzene.
Abstract 13291: Twenty-Two Year Trends in Incidence of Myocardial Infarction, CHD Mortality, and Case-Fatality in Four US Communities, 1987 to 2008

Knowledge of trends in the incidence of and survival after myocardial infarction (MI) in a community setting is important to understanding national trends in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality ...
CHAPTER 11 – Periodic Release and Manipulation of Natural Enemies

This chapter explores possible avenues that are available, or may be developed, for the manipulation of natural enemies to improve their effectiveness in controlling pests. The chapter also considers the natural enemies in the context of a rational management program that explores the appropriate use of all available insect control methods. Augmentation of natural enemies to effect suppression of pest populations has received considerable attention over the years. Inundative releases rely mainly on the agents released, not on their progeny, to effect control; whereas inoculative releases rely on an increase in the initial natural enemy populations that can suppress subsequent pest generations. Inundative releases may be timed so that both immediate control and subsequent progeny production contribute to pest suppression. Effective manipulation of natural enemies requires a thorough knowledge of their biology and host associations. Background information may be gained through laboratory studies. However, it is imperative that such data be followed by extensive biological studies in the field. The level of control achieved in an augmentation program may be a function of a myriad of interacting factors. Primary factors include the availability of hosts and host–parasitoid synchrony, the weather conditions during the release of natural enemies involving the effects of environmental factors on foraging, influence of habitat type, chemical pesticide usage, and fitness of laboratory-reared parasitoids.
Vorstellungen und Orientierungen zu Leseförderung an der Albert-Einstein-Schule

Im folgenden Kapitel werden zunachst kollektive Orientierungen der Informanten von der Albert-Einstein-Schule zu Leseforderung dargestellt (Kap. 4.1); darauffolgend werden deren individuelle Vorstellungen prasentiert (Kap. 4.2). Abschliesend werden die rekonstruierten Wissensbestande zusammenfassend betrachtet und erste Folgerungen gezogen (Kap. 4.3).
Encounters with Bertrand Russell

I FIRST MET Bertrand Russell in the autumn of 1954 in his home in Richmond-on Queen's Road, if my memory is correct. I was thirtythree years old then-which from the vantage point of my present age (if this is the right phrase) seems to me quite young. Lord Russell was eighty-two. He had almost half a century head start. I was fully aware of his prominence as a philosopher and a public figure, but being on my first visit to London and eager to soak in impressions, I decided to request an interview. There was another reason for this request. I was a junior lecturer in political philosophy at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem at that time, and I had reviewed some of Russell's books dealing with social and political issues in Hebrew periodicals and in the English daily, The Jerusalem Post. One of these was The Impact ofScience on Society, published by Allen and Unwin in 1952. I felt that, in some ways, I knew Russell through these writings which revealed not only his clear thinking and sharp wit, but also his compassion for humanity. I was eager to amplify my impressions by an actual encounter. I wrote him a note in longhand, briefly introducing myself and mentioning the reviews. The response came without delay, inviting me to Richmond for one day in the afternoon-I believe it was three o'clock. I do not remember whether it was Russell himself who opened the door, or someone else, but I was ushered to a room upstairs in a house which seems to me to have been rather undistinguished Victorian. My host revealed a very outgoing personality. I must have had some misgivings as to how the meeting would evolve and probably had had some questions in store to prevent awkward moments of silence. All this was entirely superfluous, for Russell put me completely at ease with his manner and his eagerness to inquire. Indeed, I do not remember asking him questions; it was he who queried and I who responded. Early at the meeting I remember having referred to Russell's account
A MESH REDUCTION APPROACH TO PARAMETRIC SURFACE POLYGONIZATION

Surface polygonization is the process by which a representative· polygonal mesh of a surface is constructed for rendering or analysis purposes. This work presents a new surface polygonization algo­ rithm specifically tailored to be applied to a large class of models which are created with parametric surfaces. This method has partic­ ular application in the area of building virtual environments from computer-aided-design (CAD) models. The algorithm is based on an edge reduction scheme that collapses two vertices of a given polygon edge onto one new vertex. A two step approach is imple­ mented consisting of boundary edge reduction followed by interior edge reduction. A maximin optimization is used to determine the location of the new vertex. The concept of a visible region as the lo­ cation space of the new vertex is introduced. The method presented here differs from existing methods in that it takes advantage of the fact that for many models, the exact sur­ face representation of the model is known -before the polygoniza­ tion is attempted. Because the precise surface definition is known, a maximin optimization procedure, that uses the surface informa­ tion, can be used to locate the new vertex. The algorithm attempts to overcome the deficiencies in existing techniques while minimiz­ ing the number of polygons required to represent a surface and still maintaining surface integrity in the rendered model. This paper pre­ sents the algorithm and testing results.
Bridging Rhetoric and Pragmatics with Relevance Theory

In this chapter, I bridge rhetoric and pragmatics, both of which concern themselves with language-in-use and meaning-making beyond formal syntax and semantics. Previous efforts to link these fields have failed, but Sperber and Wilson’s relevance theory (RT), an approach to experimental pragmatics grounded in cognitive science, offers the bridge. I begin by reviewing Gricean pragmatics and its incompatibility with rhetoric and cognitive science. I then sketch RT, but importantly, I identify revisions to RT that make it a powerful tool for rhetorical analysis, a cognitive pragmatic rhetorical (CPR) theory. CPR theory strengthens RT by clarifying what it means to be relevant—and irrelevant—in relevance-theoretic terms. Meanwhile, it provides rhetoric a set of principles for its functioning grounded in cognitive science. I conclude with sample CPR-theoretic analyses. (Book DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110472509. Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110472509-004)
MUCA: New Routing for Named Data Networking

Named Data Networking (NDN) is a fundamental paradigm shift from host-centric to data-centric Internet architecture. Among its numerous benefits, in-network caching and multipath forwarding are two prominent features that can significantly improve the performance and resiliency of networks and applications. The current NDN routing protocols, however, still focus on the traditional problem of forwarding content requests to content producers, without explicit or efficient support of in-network caching and multipath forwarding, which will limit NDN’s potential and benefits to applications.In this paper, we propose a new intra-domain name-based routing protocol to provide simple and scalable support for MUltipath forwarding and in-network CAching (MUCA). While MUCA collects the network topology and computes the shortest paths to content producers in the same fashion as link-state routing protocols, it also learns multiple alternative paths from neighboring routers similar to distance-vector routing protocols. Moreover, by labeling each route update at the entry point into a network, internal routers select the same border router for the same name prefix, which enhances the hit ratio of cached contents. Our in-depth simulations demonstrate MUCA’s effectiveness in reducing content retrieval delay and improving network resiliency while lowering the routing protocol overhead.
What can quantitative measures of semantic distance tell us about creativity

Semantic distance plays an important role in the creative process: The farther one `moves away’ from a conventional idea, the more creative the new idea will likely be. Although intuitive, the role of semantic distance in creativity has been only indirectly examined due to the challenge of its measurement. Recent studies have started applying quantitative measures of semantic distance in creativity research. Such studies complement standard subjective measures of creativity; provide objective measures of the creative output; and also allow to more directly examine the role of semantic memory, and distance, in creativity. An overview of the main approaches that are being used will be described and the advantages of using such quantitative measures in creativity will be discussed.
Combined demonstration of non-viscous and viscous flow

A simple lecture demonstration has been developed which demonstrates how viscosity dramatically changes fluid flow in a pipe. Water in an open reservoir is first allowed to escape through circular apertures near the bottom of the reservoir, which shows volume flow rates proportional to the area of the aperture for a low viscosity fluid. Then, a viscous 60% glycerol–40% water solution escapes from the same open container but through long horizontal tubes, with the flow rate proportional to the square of the area. This is direct visual confirmation of the Hagen–Poiseuille prediction that volume flow rates scale as the fourth power of the tube radius for laminar flow. Overcoming experimental complications involving vena contracta and entry length issues is discussed, along with detailed measurements and fits to theory.
68. EVALUATING THE PERCEIVED EFFECTIVENESS OF PEDIATRIC INTERN ORIENTATION

Background Effective means of preparing interns for transition to residency remains elusive. Recent studies indicate program directors perceive new interns to be underprepared for residency. While intern orientation is ubiquitous, content can vary greatly and often does not assess trainee competence. Objective To determine the content of intern orientation across several pediatric residency programs and evaluate intern perceptions of the effectiveness of orientation. Methods This cross-sectional study included pediatric residency programs in the Mid-America region. A survey with questions regarding orientation activities including content, allotted time, format, and assessment was sent to 24 program directors. Current interns at these programs were surveyed regarding their perceptions of the effectiveness of activities completed during orientation. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze survey responses. Results Fifty-eight percent of program directors responded to the initial survey. Median time in orientation was 65.5 hours (range 30-120). Variation was noted across programs in content and format. Only 9 activities were represented among all survey participants. Additionally, 93 interns from 15 programs completed the intern survey. Approximately 80% of interns perceived the overall time spent in orientation was “just right”; however, 37% felt too little time was spent on orientation to intern roles, and 38% perceived that too little time was spent on review of clinical skills. Fifty-four percent of respondents felt electronic health record training was slightly or not at all effective. Conclusions Pediatric intern orientation varied across the institutions surveyed and intern responses indicate that time on clinical skills and intern roles should be increased. This study is the first to characterize the activities included in pediatric orientation and their perceived value to interns. Next steps include expanding the study to additional pediatric programs and utilizing findings to help inform best practices for orientation and onboarding of pediatric residents.
Autonomous Inspection of a Containment Vessel using a Micro Aerial Vehicle

In this work, we address the design, estimation, planning, control, and mapping problems to allow a small scale quadrotor to autonomously inspect the interior of a Containment Vessel (CV) test fixture, using on-board lighting, computation and sensing. We demonstrate a fully autonomous, 160 cm tip-to-tip, 236 gram Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) performing a complex flight mission inside of a dark test fixture that was built from a scale model of a CV. The proposed solution opens up new ways to inspect nuclear power plants and has the potential to support nuclear decommissioning, which is well known to be a dangerous, long, and tedious process. Experimental results show the ability to navigate under dripping water conditions and inside a completely dark, full-scale CV test fixture while concurrently avoiding known and unknown obstacles.
Rural physical activity interventions in the United States: a systematic review and RE-AIM evaluation

Previous reviews of rural physical activity interventions were focused on intervention effectiveness and had reported overall mixed findings. The purpose of this systematic review was to apply the Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework to evaluate the extent to which rural physical activity interventions in the U.S. have reported on dimensions of internal and external validity and to offer suggestions for future physical activity interventions for rural U.S. populations. Pubmed, PsychINFO, CINAHL, PAIS, and Web of Science were searched through February 2019 to identify physical activity intervention studies conducted in rural regions in the U.S. with adult populations. Titles, abstracts, and full texts of articles were reviewed against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data extraction from included articles included a summary of study details, rural classification system used, and the presence or absence of a total 61 RE-AIM indicators, including reach (n = 13), efficacy/effectiveness (n = 10), adoption (n = 21), implementation (n = 9), and maintenance (n = 8). A total of 40 full-text articles representing 29 unique studies were included. Classifications of rurality included self-statements by authors (n = 19, 65.5%), population/census-based definitions (n = 3, 10.3%), Rural Urban Continuum Codes (n = 3, 10.3%), Rural Urban Commuting Area codes (n = 2, 6.9%), the 2014 Alabama Rural Health Association classification system (n = 1, 3.4%) and the U.S. Office of Management and Budget classification system (n = 1, 3.4%). Individual studies reported between 14.8 to 52.5% of total RE-AIM indicators. Studies reported 15.4 to 84.6% indicators for reach; 20.0 to 70.0% indicators for efficacy/effectiveness; 4.8 to 47.6% indicators for adoption; 11.1 to 88.9% indicators for implementation; and 0 to 25.0% indicators for maintenance. We found an overall poor reporting of components related to external validity, which hinders the generalizability of intervention findings, and a lack of consistency in the definition of rurality. Future research should focus on balancing factors of internal and external validity, and should aim to develop a greater understanding of how rurality influences health and behavior to provide contextual knowledge needed to advance the translation of physical activity interventions into practice in rural communities and reduce rural health disparities. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO: CRD42019116308.
Integrated Robust Control of the Global Toroidal Rotation and Total Plasma Energy in Tokamaks

Integrated-control solutions will play a significant role in future tokamaks, in which a variety of coupled control problems will need to be solved simultaneously by means of a limited number of actuators. In this article, the problem of simultaneously regulating the global toroidal rotation, $\Omega _\phi $ , and total plasma energy, $W$ , is tackled. These two 0-D variables, $\Omega _\phi $ and $W$ , depend on the ion toroidal rotation and electron temperature profiles, respectively. Both $\Omega _\phi $ and $W$ also depend on the electron density and safety factor profiles. The actuation methods considered in this article are co-current and counter-current neutral beam injection. A nonlinear, robust controller that makes use of Lyapunov redesign techniques is synthesized based on 0-D, control-oriented models of the $\Omega _\phi $ and $W$ dynamics. In addition, an actuator management scheme is designed to handle variations in the control priorities and availability of the neutral beam injectors. The actuator manager solves an optimization problem in real time in order to find the most appropriate course of action when unexpected changes occur. The integrated control architecture is tested for a DIII-D scenario by means of the 1-D code Control-Oriented Transport Simulator (COTSIM), which predicts the time evolution of the electron temperature, electron density, ion toroidal rotation, and safety factor profiles.
Decreased Observance of Stroke in the Population Associated With COVID-19 Related Distancing Measures

Stroke is a catastrophic medical disease with roughly 795,000 cases per year in the US. We strove to explore whether stroke admissions to a comprehensive stroke center in an area with moderately-low COVID-19 burden changed and if so, to better define the characteristics of the patients and their presentation. We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients with strokes admitted to Intermountain Medical Center. There was a 43% reduction in patients' presentations across all stroke types compared to average April patient volume over the prior 3 years. Likely this was due to a myriad of complex factors which we may retrospectively be able to more fully understand in the years to come.
Extended SAFPH℞ (Systems Analysis for Formal Pharmaceutical Human Reliability): Two approaches based on extended CREAM and a comparative analysis

Abstract Medication errors originating in community pharmacies can cause severe harm. To provide pharmacies with the ability to accurately predict error rates, understand why errors are occurring, and mitigate problems, we developed a new human reliability analysis (HRA) called the Systems Analysis for Formal Pharmaceutical Human Reliability (SAFPH℞). Through the combination of HRA that is based on the Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method (CREAM) and probabilistic model checking (an automated method for proving properties about stochastic systems), SAFPH℞ is able to address the limitations of previous HRAs. The previous, “basic” version of SAFPH℞ was based on the “basic” version of CREAM. With this, we predicted a realistic range of medication error rates for a typical US community pharmacy dispensing procedure. However, basic SAFPH℞ was not capable of providing point estimates except through averaging. In this research, we attempted to address this limitation by making SAFPH℞ compatible with the two variations of extended CREAM, enabling SAFPH℞ to make point predictions about pharmacy dispensing error rates. Then, to determine which of the versions of SAFPH℞ produce the most accurate predictions, we compare results from each approach to aggregate rates published in the community pharmacy literature. In this, arithmetic averages across basic SAFPH℞’s range were consistently the most accurate for the overall error rate and rates of errors originating at different stages of the dispensing procedure. We use this finding to derive recommendations from basic SAFPH℞ for improving the reliability of community pharmacy dispensing with the ambition of improving patient health and safety.
Integrating Interactive Jupyter Notebooks at the BNL SDCC

At the SDCC we are deploying a Jupyterhub infrastructure to enable scientists from multiple disciplines to access our diverse compute and storage resources. One major design goal was to avoid rolling out yet another compute backend, but rather to leverage our pre-existing resources via our batch systems (HTCondor and Slurm). Challenges faced include creating a frontend that allows users to choose what HPC resources they have access to as well as selecting containers or environments, delegating authentication to a MFA-enabled proxy, and automating deployment of multiple hub instances. This paper covers the design and features of our Jupyterhub service.
Radium-223 in the Third-Line Setting in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Impact of Concomitant Use of Enzalutamide on Overall Survival (OS) and Predictors of Improved OS.

Abstract Introduction Radium-223 (Ra-223) has been recommended for bone-dominant metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Second-generation hormone therapy in combination with Ra-223 in mCRPC has been utilized, yet its benefit has not been well elucidated. We investigated the potential survival benefit of concomitant enzalutamide with Ra-223 in the third-line setting and predictors of improved overall survival (OS). Patients and Methods We retrospectively identified 51 patients with bone-dominant mCRPC that were treated with Ra-223 in the postchemotherapy and post–hormone therapy setting, either alone (group A; n = 32) or with concomitant enzalutamide (group B; n = 19). The primary endpoint was to study the OS difference between groups A and B. The secondary endpoint was to identify predictors of improved OS with Ra-223 in the third-line setting. Results Mean age was 70.9 years, median baseline prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) was 23.1 ng/mL, alkaline phosphatase was 91 IU/L, and hemoglobin was 12.5 g/dL. There was no difference in median OS between groups A and B, at 20.4 versus 17.5 months, respectively (P = .5186). In univariate and multivariate analyses, only pre–Ra-223 PSA Conclusion In our study cohort, concomitant use of enzalutamide with Ra-223 in the mCRPC setting was not associated with improved OS. Only pretreatment PSA
The Hidden Law Guiding the Sovereign’s Use of Exit Consents

The sovereign’s use of exit consents is masked in legal uncertainty. There is only a handful of corporate exit consents cases, and those cases do not provide definitive answers as to the legal parameters of this strategy. Therefore, restructurers must look for answers in similar situations to ascertain which exit consent strategies could survive legal challenges. As § 316(b) of the Trust Indenture Act contains similar prohibitions as the bonds that traditionally utilize exit consents, § 316(b) cases can be informative in this respect. In particular, the latest § 316(b) case, Marblegate Asset Management, LLC v. Education Management Finance Corp., provides some clarity with regards to which actions may be permissible in restructurings. However, Marblegate leaves important questions unanswered. If restructurers overlook these unresolved issues, their exit consent strategies––and consequently, their entire restructuring schemes––are at significant risk of invalidation. Accordingly, this paper lays out the current legal framework for the exit consent strategy in sovereign restructurings. Then it discusses the questions Marblegate leaves unresolved, and any potential affect Marblegate had on quasi-sovereigns’ bond terms. Finally, the paper ends with several guiding principles sovereign restructurers should consider when they formulate their exit consent strategies. This paper proposes two situations that may be the tipping point for permissible strategies: when bondholders are left with no practical ability to receive payment, and when core payment terms are amended.
Assessing the influence of housing needs on boys’ offending post-release

In 2016, there were approximately 45,000 juveniles in placement in the United States. Most youth indicate that they plan to live with a family member upon release. Yet, many boys report housing nee...
A review on the possible factors influencing soil inorganic carbon under elevated CO2

Abstract Soil inorganic carbon (SIC) is the largest pool (≈950 Pg of soil carbonate + 1404 Pg of bicarbonate in groundwater; i.e., 1 Pg = 1015 g = 1 gigaton) of the global carbon cycle at a 100 cm depth, and it might be a significant carbon source and sink in arid and semi-arid regions. The knowledge of the impacts of changing climatic conditions on this important soil structural component is minimal. This review paper provides an inclusive compilation of the available information on potential natural and anthropogenic factors triggering soil acidification and weathering mechanisms under elevated CO2. Furthermore, the consequences of elevated atmospheric CO2 on the SIC pool, soil quality, and compromised ecosystem services have been explored. Soil water content and precipitation are critical factors that influence the effects of elevated CO2 in the SIC pool. Soil microbiological properties, respiration, depth, weathering, precipitation, acidity, and fertilization are emphasized here owing to the high degree of interrelationship between these factors on influencing overall soil quality. These phenomena are then outlined together with comments about possible short and long-term consequences in SIC stock.
Feedlot Beef Cattle Health and Well-being Recommendations

Animal health recommendations are given daily to feedyard managers relating to all areas of cattle management, from vaccination and metaphylaxis to pregnant heifer management and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) PI testing. Research and reports on the costs and benefits of these various options are conducted on a somewhat routine basis. However, little data is available about what practices are being advised or implemented in the majority of feedlot settings. The objective of this survey was to observe which feedlot practices are being recommended by consulting veterinarians for the health and well-being of feedlot cattle.
The Multidisciplinary Men’s Health Center: A Modern-Day Necessity

Patient preference has driven a number of trends in the past 100 years of medicine including the rise of concierge practices, telemedicine, and same-day surgery among many other examples. In the end, convenience and access have driven all these trends; patients would like to more easily and completely access their doctor’s expertise. They would like to do this without leaving their home or spending too much time in the doctor’s waiting room, and given the busy constraints of modern life, this is entirely understandable.
History of suicide attempts and COVID-19 infection in Veterans with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder: effect modification by age and obesity

Abstract Importance As patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder have a high risk of suicide, and a history of suicide attempt is a strong predictor of suicide, determining whether history of suicide attempt is associated with COVID-19 in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder has implications for suicide prevention in this patient population. Objective To determine whether a history of suicide attempt is associated with COVID-19 in Veterans with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Design Cross-sectional analyses of nation-wide electronic health records (EHR). Setting United States Veterans Health Administration. Participants Veterans with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder that received treatment at any United States Veterans Affairs Medical Center from January 1, 2020 to January 31, 2021. Exposure History of suicide attempt. Main Outcome Adjusted and unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) for COVID-19 positivity in suicide attempters relative to non-attempters. Adjusted analyses included age, sex, race, marital status, BMI, and a medical comorbidity score. Results A total of 101,032 Veterans [mean age 56.67 ± 13.13 years; males 91,715 (90.8%)] were included in the analyses. There were 2,703 (2.7%) suicide attempters and 719 (0.7%) patients were positive for COVID-19. There was effect modification by age and BMI in the association of history of suicide attempt with COVID-19 positivity such that the association was only significant in obese (BMI ≥ 30) patients and patients younger than 59 years respectively. In the entire sample, the unadjusted OR for COVID-19 positivity in attempters was 1.42 (95% CI 0.97 to 2.10) and the adjusted odds ratio was 1.90 (95% CI 1.28 to 2.80). In patients younger than 59 years, and in the obese patients respectively, history of suicide attempt was associated with COVID-positive status in unadjusted analyses [OR 3.53 (95% CI 2.10 to 5.94); OR 2.22 (95% CI 1.29 to 3.81)] and adjusted analyses [OR 3.42 (95% CI 2.02 to 5.79); OR 2.85 (95% CI 1.65 to 4.94)]. Conclusions and Relevance Young or obese suicide attempters with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders have higher rates of COVID-19 diagnosis; due to possible long-term neuropsychiatric sequelae of infection with SARS-CoV-2, such patients should be monitored closely.
Sovereign Violence and the Figure of the Animal, from Leviathan to Windsor-Forest

Hobbes identifies sovereign violence as the force that constitutes the crucial figurative distinction between man and beast. Since animals are susceptible to this unjustifiable yet justifying violence, however, it remains possible for animals to metamorphose into political subjects. In his depiction of the royal hunting ground in Windsor-Forest, Pope is unable to sustain the distinction between just and unjust violence or between human and animal. While the trope of the animal as exception is implicated in dominion, such tropes, in their sylleptic literalising of creaturely life as vulnerability, anticipate a figure on whom violence may not be justly exercised.
Activation of the Na+/H+ and Cl-/HCO3- exchange by stimulation of acid secretion in the parietal cell.

Upon stimulation, the gastric parietal cell secretes a large quantity of isotonic HCl across its apical membrane which must be accompanied by the generation of base in the cytosol. The ability of this cell type to regulate cytosolic pH (pHi) was examined as a function of stimulation of acid secretion by histamine or forskolin. The pHi was estimated from the change of fluorescence of the trapped dye, 2′,7′-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein-bis-carboxyethylcarbo xy fluorescein in a purified cell suspension of rabbit parietal cells. Stimulation of the cell suspension raised pHi by an average of 0.13 +/- 0.038 pH units. The H+,K+-ATPase inhibitor, SCH28080 (2-methyl-8-[phenyl-methoxy]-imidazo-(1,2)-pyridine-3-acetonitrile) had only a small effect on the increase of pHi, therefore, was largely independent of H+,K+-ATPase activity. In Na+-free medium, where Na+/H+ exchange would be absent, the rise of pHi was only 0.03 pH units. This increase was blocked by SCH28080, showing that this small increment was the result of acid secretion. In Na+-containing medium, 90% of the increase was inhibited by an inhibitor of Na+/H+ exchange, dimethyl amiloride (DMA). This compound also blocked changes in pHi due to changes in extracellular Na+. Accordingly, most of the change in pHi upon stimulation of acid secretion by histamine and forskolin is due to activation of Na+/H+ exchange in the parietal cell basal-lateral membrane. The addition of DMA to stimulated, but not resting cells, gave a rapid acidification that was blocked by inhibition of anion exchange by 4,4′-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (DIDS), showing that anion exchange was also activated by stimulation. In single cell recording, canalicular and cytosolic pH were monitored simultaneously using 9-amino acridine and dimethyl carboxyfluorescein, respectively. Cytosolic alkalinization correlated with acid accumulation in the secretory canaliculus until a set point was reached. Thereafter, acidification continued without further change in pHi. To determine the role of Na+/H+ and Cl-/HCO3- exchange in acid secretion, Cl(-)-depleted cells were suspended in medium containing 40 mM Cl-. DMA and DIDS each blocked acid secretion by about 40%, but in combination, acid secretion was blocked by more than 90%. Thus, basal-lateral Na+/H+ and Cl-/HCO3- exchange activities are necessary for acid secretion across the apical membrane of the parietal cell.
Discrimination in Insurance: Experience in the United States

Health and life insurers may wish to discriminate based on genetic information by classifying people as high risk or unhealthy based on genetic tests that predict future health problems, rather than on diagnosis of current illness. In the USA, the fear of genetic discrimination by insurers is much greater than the reality, especially for health insurance. The economics of health insurance makes it unlikely that health insurers will want to consider purely predictive genetic information, and there are ample legal threats to keep this possibility from materializing, including the 2008 Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act. Empirical studies consistently document the virtual absence of any genetic discrimination by health insurers. Life insurers are more likely to consider results from predictive genetic tests, but this practice currently is not widespread. Keywords: genetic discrimination; health insurance; life insurance