cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
More Musing About the Inter-relationships of Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter and Their Clinical Implications

The inter-relationship between atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL) has long been recognized both in patients and in animal models.1 There are 2 important aspects of this inter-relationship relevant to the article by Mohanty et al.2 First is the fact that AF virtually always precedes the onset of classical cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI)–dependent AFL, and second, the development of classical CTI AFL requires the development or presence of a line of block in the right atrium between the venae cavae.1 The first aspect probably was initially recognized by Sir Thomas Lewis,3 who, in studies in the normal canine heart, burst paced the right atrium, and obtained mostly transient AF, but sometimes sustained AFL. Lewis mapped the AFL and concluded that AFL was because of re-entry around the great veins (ie, the superior and inferior vena cavae). This conclusion became well accepted. The second aspect was addressed by Rosenblueth and Garcia Ramos,4 who postulated that the reason it was so difficult for Lewis et al to induce AFL was because there was short circuiting of the AFL reentrant circuit by conduction across the atria in the region between the vena cavae (from the left atrium or to the right atrium or vice versa) making the reentrant circuit impossible to sustain. Therefore, in studies in the canine heart (1947), they created conduction block between the vena cavae, either with a crush lesion (permanent block) or by painting cocaine on the atrial epicardium in the intercaval region (transient block), and, with burst atrial pacing, easily induced AFL. The latter occurred consistently in the presence of the crush lesion, but only transiently with the use of cocaine, as the effects of the cocaine wore off. Over the years, many more studies further advanced these 2 aspects of AFL. Almost …
Abstract B88: Plasma carotenoids, tocopherols, retinol and breast cancer risk: Results from the Shanghai Women's Health Study

B88 Objective Studies conducted in Western countries have suggested that lipophilic antioxidants, particularly carotenoids, may have preventive effects on the risk of breast cancer. We prospectively investigated the associations of serum levels of tocopherols, total retinol, total and specific types of carotenoids with the risk of developing breast cancer among Chinese women; a population with low risk of breast cancer and low prevalence of vitamin supplement use. Methods A nested case-control study was conducted within the cohort of the Shanghai Women’s Health Study including 365 newly-diagnosed cases and 726 individually-matched controls 40-70 years of age who provided a blood sample at baseline. Multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations between breast cancer risk and antioxidants. Results Overall, we did not observe significant associations between any of the tocopherols, retinol and most carotenoids, and breast cancer risk. Plasma levels of lycopene other than trans, 5-cis and 7-cis were associated with a reduced risk with an OR of 0.56 (95% CI: 0.32-0.97) for the highest quartile versus the lowest after adjusting for plasma levels of other antioxidants. This inverse association was seen predominantly among premenopausal women with a corresponding OR (95% CI) of 0.36 (0.16-0.80). We also found that trans α-cryptoxanthin was associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer in a dose-response manner, with a corresponding OR of 0.59 (95% CI: 0.34-1.01) (P trend, 0.02) and the inverse association for trans α-cryptoxanthin appeared in both pre- and post-menopausal women. Conclusions Our study did not show strong evidence for an overall protective effect of plasma lipophilic antioxidants on breast cancer risk. The few significant inverse associations for subtype carotenoids need to be confirmed in future studies. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B88.
GIS-Based Drawing Method for Wide-Range Transmission Line Icing Distribution

In view of the complexity of drawing distribution maps of ice region and the low precision of the models,this paper analyzes the long-term meteorological records in Guizhou. Extract the related factors for transmission line icing; use GIS spatial analysis method to conduct the correlation verification of the icing factors; establish terrain factors database; rasterize the related factors; analyze various factors using the method of multiple regression spatial geometry. Thereupon,the conductor ice-coating characteristics are classified,and transmission line ice distribution model is established. This paper started from the formation mechanism of ice and snow disasters and accidents,and made correlation analysis of various meteorological factors. It solves the key technical problems in drawing large-area transmission line ice distribution maps. The established model helps to obtain the transmission lines ice distribution map of Guizhou region,and accurately simulate the ice distribution regularity in Guizhou.
Comparison on source-sink relationship of ratooning rice and main crop of super hybrid rice

The morphological characteristics of source and sink of ratooning rice and its same-term tasselling main crop are compared.The characteristic of sink is that the number of effective panicle and the spikelets per panicle of ratooning rice are obviously less than those of main crop.The spikelets per panicle of ratooning rice is only 1/3-1/2 of main crop.The characteristic of source is that the LAI in main crop is 6-7 times more than that in ratooning rice.The photosynthetic rate of ratooning rice is higher than that of main crop,3 super hybrid rice combinations shows higher photosynthetic rate than Shanyou 63.The characteristic of bleeding is that dry matter amount of single plant at ripening stage of ratooning rice is as heavy as 25%-35% of main crop.No matter main crop or ratooning crop,exporting percentage of stem and sheaths of the super hybrid combinations are higher than that of Shanyou 63.Exporting percentage of stem and sheaths and total dry matter amount of single plant of main crop and ratooning rice are positive correlation.As for source-sink relationship: the rate of grain and leaf area in ratooning rice is 2-3 times higher than that in main crop.The main crop belongs to sink-limited,while the ratooning rice belongs to source-sink interaction,and the effect of source-limited is more obvious.
Genetic Variants in Toll-Like Receptor 4 Gene and Their Association Analysis with Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Mexican American Families.

Background/Aim: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is one of the regulators of the innate immune response. Genetic variations in TLR4 have been associ
National audit of drug information centers

A comprehensive audit of drug information centers (DICs) was conducted to obtain information on sources of funding, staffing, information resources, computerization, workload, and scope of services and activities and to examine the role of DICs in education, patient care, and research. Responses were obtained from 98 of the 121 DICs surveyed. The scope of activities and services varied considerably between centers and depended on such factors as source of funding, size of institution, academic affiliation, staffing, and workload. Many DICs are involved in writing newsletters, preparing information for pharmacy and therapeutics committee meetings, developing and updating formularies, and providing contract services to other organizations. The patient-care activities of DICs include providing consultations, performing drug-use reviews, monitoring adverse drug reactions, and coordinating investigational drug studies; DICs are also involved in training undergraduate and graduate pharmacy students and residents and conducting research projects. Large workloads and lack of time were cited most often as factors limiting DIC participation in patient-care, educational, and research activities. Because DICs are involved in a wide variety of educational, research, and patient-care activities, more emphasis should be placed on documenting the costs of these services in relation to their benefits to the institution.
Influence of powders on ionic conductivity of polycrystalline zirconias

Grain boundary resistivity in zirconia systems can significantly affect total conductivity below 800°C, The influence of starting powders on the total conductivity is investigated for the 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia polycrystals prepared from powders synthesized by three different methods and from two commercial powders. Conductivity measurements by AC impedance spectroscopy show a factor of two differences between the lowest and highest values because of the grain boundary resistivity. The contribution of grain boundary resistivity can be more than 10% at the temperatures less than 800°C. The total grain boundary resistivity is reduced drastically and the total conductivity can be improved by as much as 50% when the sintering temperature is increased or the powder particle size is reduced. Similar results are obtained for the higher conductivity electrolyte prepared from 9 mol% scandia-stabilized zirconia.
Repopulation of different layers of host human Bruch's membrane by retinal pigment epithelial cell grafts.

PURPOSE. To determine the morphology of human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) after reattachment to different ultrastructural layers of human Bruch's membrane (BM). METHODS. Bruch's membrane explants were prepared from eyes of 23 human donors (age range, 11- 89 years). The basal lamina of the RPE, inner collagenous layer, and elastin layer were removed sequentially by mechanical and enzymatic techniques. First-passage cells of human RPE (15,000 cells/6 mm explant) from three donors (ages, 52, 64, and 80 years) were plated onto different layers of human BM, and the explants were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy up to 21 days later. RESULTS. RPE flattened and extended footplates 6 hours after plating onto basal lamina. Cells remained round 6 and 24 hours after plating onto the inner collagenous, elastin, or outer collagenous layer The RPE cells became confluent 14 days after plating onto basal lamina but did not become confluent up to 21 days after plating onto the inner collagenous or elastin layer. Sparse round cells were observed 21 days after plating onto deeper layers, suggesting extensive loss of RPE. CONCLUSIONS. The morphology and subsequent behavior of the RPE reattached to BM depends on the anatomic layer of BM available for cell reattachment. The results suggest that the ability of transplanted RPE to repopulate BM in age-related macular degeneration and other disorders may depend on the layer of BM available to serve as a substrate for cell reattachment.
Социоприродное мышление киргизов в контексте традиционной этнической культуры

The urgency of the chosen topic is defined by the global ecological crisis demanding rethinking of the fundamental problems of life of society and its interaction with nature and individual and of essential transformation of ethnic consciousness. The article deals with the essence of socio-natural consciousness in the context of the world view system of the Kyrgyz ethnos. Two logico-dialectical aspects of interaction between man and the surrounding nature have been clearly formed in philosophical thinking: on the one hand, man is treated as an inseparable part of the quickly changing habitat; on the other hand, man himself is represented as a factor of socio-natural evolution creating new mechanisms and technologies and thus actively influencing the surrounding world. One of the basic ideas of philosophy of socio-natural consciousness is the unity of the planet Earth and humanity. This idea is reflected in the socio-natural consciousness of the Kyrgyz ethnos, which represents a complex of world outlook goals, everyday life orientations to possess objects and be involved in natural events expresses sense and rational cognition or perception of the real world not only by intellect and thinking, but also by taking it into one’s heart in the result of personal insight. The socio-natural consciousness of the Kyrgyz people reflects the moral-spiritual and socio-ecological aspect of world outlook, world view, world relation and the desire to include man in active harmonious interaction with the environment in accordance with natural laws and nature’s rhythms.
Characterization of detector layers from a 1 mm 3 resolution clinical PET system

We are developing a 1 mm3 resolution, high sensitivity PET system for breast cancer imaging. The system comprises two 16.5cm × 10cm × 1.8cm detector panels each containing 2304 position sensitive avalanche photodiodes (PSAPDs) coupled to 8×8 arrays of 1×1×1 mm3 LYSO scintillation crystal elements for a total of 294,912 crystal elements. In each panel, the LYSO-PSAPD detectors are arranged generally parallel to the annihilation photons in layers of 16 detectors wide by 2 detectors deep, with each layer having 2048 crystal elements. The LYSO-PSAPD detectors are multiplexed in pairs in the depth direction ("dual LYSO-PSAPD modules"). The readout system has a modular data acquisition structure based on a 36-channel readout ASIC. Two of these acquisition structures are used to read out a single detector layer. Two sets of eight detector layers are stacked and connected to 32 data acquisition structures and digital back-ends to form two cartridge; nine cartridges are stacked to form each panel. This paper presents the results from an edge-on data of one layer from each panel. A Na-22 point source on a translation stage was used to generate coincident 511 keY photons. List-mode coincidence photon data was collected. The coincidence time resolution data was energy gated to be in the 511 keY photopeak and was corrected for delay from percrystal position and time walk from signal amplitude. Two panels in coincidence are shown to have an energy resolution of 12.13±0.01% FWHM at 511 keY and a paired photon time resolution of 12.2±0.2 ns (8.6±0.2 ns unpaired) FWHM at 511 keY. The horizontal reconstructed width of the 0.25 mm point source was 0.62±0.06 mm FWHM.
Distilling a body of knowledge for information systems development

As a contribution towards consolidating the information systems (IS) field, we offer a systematic method for distilling a canonical body of knowledge (BOK) for information systems development (ISD), an area that historically accounts for as much as half of all IS research. Based on an integrative synthesis of the literature, we present a map of the most significant ISD research, uncover gaps in its canons and suggest fruitful lines of inquiry for new research. Our review combines citation analysis, which identifies the field's evidence of cumulative tradition, with computer-aided textual analysis, a hermeneutically guided method that organizes the fragmented corpus of ISD literature into coherent knowledge areas. From a pool of over 6500 articles published in the IS Senior Scholars' Basket of Journals, we find 940 IS citation classics, and from that list, 466 ISD articles that offer canonical ISD knowledge distinctive to IS and complementary to other disciplines such as software engineering and project management. From this study, we offer two contributions: (1) a justification for an ISDBOK grounded in the theory of practice and professionalism, and (2) a canonical map of disciplinary ISD knowledge with areas that have demonstrated cumulative tradition and others that require the attention of IS scholars. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Bildung and Humanist Learning

In homage to the old bait-and-switch con men who used to ply their racket on New York’s 42nd street, I have given this paper a sham title. You may think you have bought a paper on Bildung, but you have been sold something else.
Complementation of GC-AED and ELISA for the determination of diazinon and chlorpyrifos in fruits and vegetables.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to screen produce samples for diazinon and chlorpyrifos levels. All positive samples were analyzed for these organophosphate insecticides with a newly developed gas chromatographic atomic emission detection (GC-AED) method. Produce was extracted in methanol by Polytron homogenization and cleaned up and concentrated using Sep-Pak C18 cartridges. Fortification and reproducibility studies were performed using apples, blueberries, green beans, lettuce, and tomatoes that were free of detectable levels diazinon and chlorpyrifos. Percent coefficient of variation (%CV) from the reproducibility studies ranged from 1.9 to 17 for chlorpyrifos and 1.9 to 11 for diazinon. Spiking studies demonstrated percent recoveries of 78 to 114% (%CV 3.1 to 13%) for diazinon and 82 to 123 (%CV 1.5 to 12) for chlorpyrifos. Of the 278 fruit and vegetable samples screened for both organophosphate insecticides, 59 were found to have detectable levels of diazinon and 35 samples wer...
The Continuing Role of Hardiness and Grit on Performance and Retention in West Point Cadets

The personality variables of hardiness and grit are conceptualized as helpful to people in dealing effectively with challenging stressful circumstances. In a relevant study ( Maddi, Matthews, Kelly...
Rage Against the Machine: Rethinking Education in the Face of Technological Unemployment

The possibility of a future in which automation causes joblessness challenges the existing standard operating presumptions of higher education and the task of preparing and credentialing individuals for employment. This chapter argues for a significant recalibration of higher education to meet the demands of the twenty-first century by (1) diagnosing the opportunities and challenges that emerging technology presents to existing instructional structures and methodologies and (2) describing concrete steps that can be instituted by both educational institutions and individual students in order to better anticipate and respond to this next wave of technological unemployment.
Funding Sources, Family Income, and Fields of Study in College

Research shows that receiving loans, family contributions, and grants has implications for students both during and after college, but one key outcome has been overlooked: fields of study. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-1997 cohort (NLSY-97), this study is the first to assess how college funding is associated with first-term majors and course selection throughout college. I posit that funding sources effectively constrain students' fields of study, such that students choose majors and courses that align with their broader financial circumstances. As funding from loans increases, students are more likely to major in applied non-STEM fields (e.g., business, nursing) and less likely to be undeclared during the first term—particularly if students are from low- or middle-income families. Conversely, as funding from family contributions increases, students are more likely to be undeclared and less likely to major or take courses in applied non-STEM fields. Receiving grants bears little relation to students' major or course fields. These patterns suggest that funding sources entail distinct costs and benefits that may influence college student decision-making, and that fields of study are the product of multiple sources of inequality.
Evolution of mechanisms that control mating in Drosophila males

Genetically wired neural mechanisms inhibit mating between species because even naive animals rarely mate with other species. These mechanisms can evolve through changes in expression or function of key genes in specific sensory pathways or central circuits. Gr32a is a gustatory chemoreceptor that, in D. melanogaster , is essential to inhibit interspecies courtship and sense quinine. Similar to D. melanogaster , D. simulans Gr32a is expressed in foreleg tarsi, sensorimotor appendages that inhibit interspecies courtship in both species, and it is required to sense quinine. Nevertheless, Gr32a is not required to inhibit interspecies mating by D. simulans males. However, and similar to its function in D. melanogaster , Ppk25, a member of the Pickpocket family, promotes conspecific courtship in D. simulans . Taken together, we have identified shared as well as distinct evolutionary solutions to chemosensory processing of tastants as well as cues that inhibit or promote courtship in two closely related Drosophila species.
INTERLEUKINS | IL-5

Interleukin-5 (IL-5) is a cytokine secreted principally by activated helper T cells of the T-helper-2 (Th2) subset. IL-5 is a short chain helical bundle cytokine structurally similar to IL-3, IL-4, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. The IL-5 gene is tightly linked with the IL-4 and IL-13 genes in a Th2 cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 5q, and the expression of these genes is coordinately regulated. The biology of IL-5 has been best studied in the context of asthma in humans and allergic airway inflammation in mouse models. IL-5 directly mediates eosinophilic inflammation by stimulating the differentiation, proliferation, recruitment, survival, and activity of eosinophils. Eosinophils release granule proteins and leukotrienes that are hypothesized to contribute to airway hyperreactivity and epithelial damage in allergic asthma. However, recent studies indicate that the immunopathogenic role of IL-5 and eosinophils in asthma is not clear.
Evaluating the applicability of the double system lens model to the analysis of phishing email judgments

Abstract Phishing emails pose a serious threat to cybersecurity. Because human users are the last line of defense, understanding how users identify phishing emails is imperative to addressing this problem. Judgment analysis (JA) provides a means of analyzing both how information in the environment (cues) contributes to an outcome and how users synthesize cues into judgments about that outcome, typically using multiple linear regression. Because JA has not been applied to this domain, this effort assessed if the statistical assumptions of JA with multiple linear regression are upheld. We hypothesized that phishing cues are linearly combinable, meaning a lens model analysis, a type of JA, is appropriate for evaluating phishing judgments. To test this, we analyzed ten participants who judged whether or not emails were phishing using the double system lens model. Results indicated that the lens model is an appropriate means of analyzing phishing judgments, primarily evidenced by the goodness of fits for both the environment model and human judgment models. We also observed varying achievement scores across participants consistent with their varying levels of performance in the judgment task. We discuss our results and how future phishing judgment research can utilize JA afforded analysis capabilities.
Rapid complete response to blinatumomab as a successful bridge to allogeneic stem cell transplantation in a case of refractory Richter syndrome

Richter’s syndrome (RS), also known as Richter’s transformation, is defined as a transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) to a more aggressive subtype, typically diffuse large B-cell ly...
Beyond Job Creation and Service Learning: Putting the Public Back in Public Affairs Education

In the midst of vigorous debate on the future of higher education, we have an opportunity to restore the focus of the institution, and public affairs education in particular, on the public. This ar...
Is there an Irreducible Mode of Word-Generated Knowledge?

One of the distinctive features of the Indian epistemologies is the recognition by most schools of philosophy of a type of cognition that is generated by words themselves. There were, to be sure, philosophies that did not countenance such a type of cognition. But every one took note of such a thesis, and those who did not recognise that sort of cognition felt obliged to argue against its claim to recognition. However, in order to correctly understand the issues involved, we must attend to the way the controversy was formulated. The question was: is Śabda (word) a pramāṇa, a means of knowledge? The two key terms involved in this question need to be correctly understood. ‘Śabda’ means sound or word, in the present context, it should be taken to mean an utterance of a sentence.
Sulfur and Nitrogen Oxides

Sulfur oxides comprise both gaseous and particulate chemical species. There are four of the former, namely sulfur monoxide, sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide and disulfur monoxide. The particulate phase sulfur oxides consist of strongly-to-weakly acidic sulfates, namely sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and its products of neutralization with ammonia: letovicite [(NH4)3H(SO4)2], ammonium bisulfate (NH4HSO4), and ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4]. Most of the toxicologic database for sulfur oxides involves sulfur dioxide (SO2) and H2SO4.
Die Struktur reeller Folgen und Reihen

Die Zahlenfolge a 1, a 2, a 3,... soll der Bedingung $${a_{m + n}} \leqq {a_m} + {a_n},\;m,n = 1,2,3, \ldots$$ genugen. Dann mus die Zahlenfolge $$\frac{{{a_1}}}{1},\frac{{{a_2}}}{2},\frac{{{a_3}}}{3}, \ldots ,\frac{{{a_n}}}{n}, \ldots$$ entweder konvergieren oder gegen −∞ bestimmt divergieren, und zwar ist ihr Grenzwert gleich ihrer unteren Grenze.
Tumor mutational burden, clinical features, and outcomes to PD-1 mono- and combination therapy in patients with cutaneous and unknown primary melanoma.

9561Background: Tumor mutational burden (TMB) in cutaneous and unknown primary (CUP) melanomas is associated with benefit to PD-1 monotherapy (mono), but the impact of TMB on nivolumab plus ipilimu...
Nuts and Bolts of Protein Quantification by Online Trypsin Digestion Coupled LC-MS/MS Analysis

Protein digestion coupled to liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) detection enables multiplexed quantification of proteins in complex biological matrices. However, the reproducibility of enzymatic digestion of proteins to produce proteotypic target peptides is a major limiting factor of assay precision. Online digestion using immobilized trypsin addresses this problem through precise control of digestion conditions and time. Because online digestion is typically for a short time, the potential for peptide degradation, a major source of measurement bias, is significantly reduced. Online proteolysis requires minimal sample preparation and is easily coupled to LC-MS/MS systems, further reducing potential method variability. We describe herein a method optimized for the multiplexed quantification of several apolipoproteins in human serum using on-column digestion. We highlight key features of the method that enhance assay accuracy and precision. These include the use of value-assigned serum as calibrators and stable isotope-labeled (SIL) peptide analogs as internal standards. We also comment on practical aspects of column switching valve design, instrument maintenance, tandem mass spectrometry data acquisition, and data processing.
Investigation on quality of drinking water and analysis of results in village of Elunchun

Objective:Through monitor the drinking water quality in village of Eluncun autonomous region,for improving drinking water condition and protect the security of the drinking water in village of Eluncun and to promote the development of water enterprise in village to provide scientific datas.Methods: All of sample were collected,preserved and examined according to the(GB/T 5750-2006)"Standard Examination Motheds for Drinking water".The testing results of water samples were estimated by"Centralized supply on a small scale and decentralized water supply according to health standards"(GB5749-2006).One of which didn′t matched the standards in 18 index,the water sample was rejected.Results: A total of 425 water samples were detected,with a total pass rate was 34.35%.All kinds of water pass rates : the water factory was 80.00%,the tap water is 68.75%,the water tower water of motor-pumped well is 43.18%,the tap water of motor-pumped well is 20.45%,the handed well water is 19.46%.The index up to standard,total numbers of colony,coliform and thermotolerant coliform bacteria and iron.Conclusion: The drinking water quality is worring in village of Eluncun autonomous region.It is very essential for the Government to pay more attention to water question in village.The work of water enterprise is extremely urgent,the centralized water supply should be implemented.
Cerebellar contribution to the cognitive alterations in SCA1: evidence from mouse models.

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by abnormal expansion of glutamine (Q) encoding CAG repeats in the gene Ataxin-1 (ATXN1). Although motor and balance deficits are the core symptoms of SCA1, cognitive decline is also commonly observed in patients. While mutant ATXN1 is expressed throughout the brain, pathological findings reveal severe atrophy of cerebellar cortex in SCA1 patients. The cerebellum has recently been implicated in diverse cognitive functions, yet to what extent cerebellar neurodegeneration contributes to cognitive alterations in SCA1 remains poorly understood. Much of our understanding of the mechanisms underlying pathogenesis of motor symptoms in SCA1 comes from mouse models. Reasoning that mouse models could similarly offer important insights into the mechanisms of cognitive alterations in SCA1, we tested cognition in several mouse lines using Barnes maze and fear conditioning. We confirmed cognitive deficits in Atxn1154Q/2Q knock-in mice with brain-wide expression of mutant ATXN1 and in ATXN1 null mice. We found that shorter polyQ length and haploinsufficiency of ATXN1 do not cause significant cognitive deficits. Finally, ATXN1[82Q ] transgenic mice-with cerebellum limited expression of mutant ATXN1-demonstrated milder impairment in most aspects of cognition compared to Atxn1154Q/2Q mice, supporting the concept that cognitive deficits in SCA1 arise from a combination of cerebellar and extra-cerebellar dysfunctions.
Doing the right thing in post-apartheid South Africa

Spike Lee’s Do the Right Thing remains a canonical and much-discussed film primarily for the way that it has been able to engender continued debate about the politics of race and representation sin...
Optimal Integration of High-speed Traction Load Considering Mutual Power Quality Constraints

Due to ignore the impact and the supply requirements of the high-speed traction load at the planning stage, many engineering projects have to increase investment for power quality mitigation. This paper proposes a preliminary planning method for better integration of high-speed traction load. Considering the uncertainty of high-speed traction load, the probabilistic flow analysis model is built to establish the procedure for prediction of system status. Combined with power quality constraints, a chance-constrained model whose objective function is the minimum of investment and loss is established and solved by LDIW-PSO algorithmic. A practical high-speed railway construction project in southwest China is introduced to testify the validity and applicability of the method. According to the simulation results, different toll collection in line with varied supply requirement can be taken into consideration.
Large-scale Characterization of Drug Responses of Clinically Relevant Proteins in Cancer Cell Lines

Summary Perturbation biology is a powerful approach to developing quantitative models of cellular behaviors and gaining mechanistic insights into disease development. In recent years, large-scale resources for phenotypic and mRNA responses of cancer cell lines to perturbations have been generated. However, similar large-scale protein response resources are not available, resulting in a critical knowledge gap for elucidating oncogenic mechanisms and developing effective cancer therapies. Here we generated and compiled perturbed expression profiles of ~210 clinically relevant proteins in >12,000 cancer cell-line samples in response to >150 drug compounds using reverse-phase protein arrays. We show that integrating protein response signals substantially increases the predictive power for drug sensitivity and aids in gaining insights into mechanisms of drug resistance. We build a systematic map of protein-drug connectivity and develop an open-access, user-friendly data portal for community use. Our study provides a valuable information resource for a broad range of quantitative modeling and biomedical applications. Highlights A large collection of cancer cell line protein responses to drug perturbations Perturbed protein responses greatly increase predictive power for drug sensitivity Build a systematic map of protein-drug connectivity based on response profiles Develop a user-friendly, interactive data portal for community use
Hegemonic leadership is what states make of it: reading Kindleberger in Washington and Berlin

What explains the nature of a dominant state’s systemic crisis response? In the wake of the global financial crisis of 2008, the U.S. acted as the hegemon for the world economy, showing ‘benign’ le...
Severe Hypoglycemia, Cardiac Structure and Function, and Risk of Cardiovascular Events Among Older Adults With Diabetes.

OBJECTIVE To assess the association of severe hypoglycemia measured at baseline with cardiovascular disease (CVD) among community-dwelling older individuals with diabetes, a group particularly susceptible to hypoglycemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We included older adults with diabetes from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study who attended visit 5 (2011–2013, baseline). Severe hypoglycemia at baseline was defined with use of first position ICD-9 codes from hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and ambulance calls. We examined cross-sectional associations of severe hypoglycemia with echocardiographic indices of cardiac structure-function. We prospectively evaluated the risks of incident or recurrent CVD (coronary heart disease, stroke, or heart failure) and all-cause mortality, from baseline to 31 December 2018, using negative binomial and Cox regression models. RESULTS Among 2,193 participants (mean [SD] age 76 [5] years, 57% female, 32% blacks), 79 had a history of severe hypoglycemia at baseline. Severe hypoglycemia was associated with a lower left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (adjusted β-coefficient −3.66% [95% CI −5.54, −1.78]), higher LV end diastolic volume (14.80 mL [95% CI 8.77, 20.84]), higher E-to-A ratio (0.11 [95% CI 0.03, 0.18]), and higher septal E/e′ (2.48 [95% CI 1.13, 3.82]). In adjusted models, severe hypoglycemia was associated with incident or recurrent CVD (incidence rate ratio 2.19 (95% CI 1.24, 3.88]) and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.71 [95% CI 1.10, 2.67]) among those without prevalent CVD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a history of severe hypoglycemia is associated with alterations in cardiac function and is an important marker of future cardiovascular risk in older adults.
Cox-nnet: an artificial neural network method for prognosis prediction on high-throughput omics data

Abstract Artificial neural networks (ANN) are computing architectures with massively parallel interconnections of simple neurons and has been applied to biomedical fields such as imaging analysis and diagnosis. We have developed a new ANN framework called Cox-nnet to predict patient prognosis from high throughput transcriptomics data. In over 10 TCGA RNA-Seq data sets, Cox-nnet achieves a statistically significant increase in predictive accuracy, compared to the other three methods including Cox-proportional hazards (Cox-PH), Random Forests Survival and CoxBoost. Cox-nnet also reveals richer biological information, from both pathway and gene levels. The outputs from the hidden layer node can provide a new approach for survival-sensitive dimension reduction. In summary, we have developed a new method for more accurate and efficient prognosis prediction on high throughput data, with functional biological insights. The source code is freely available at github.com/lanagarmire/cox-nnet.
QuickIsoSeq for Isoform Quantification in Large-Scale RNA Sequencing

RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) is a powerful technology for transcriptome profiling. While most RNA-seq projects focus on gene-level quantification and analysis, there is growing evidence that most mammalian genes are alternatively spliced to generate different isoforms that can be subsequently translated to protein molecules with diverse or even opposing biological functions. Quantifying the expression levels of these isoforms is key to understanding the genes biological functions in healthy tissues and the progression of diseases. Among open source tools developed for isoform quantification, Salmon, Kallisto, and RSEM are recommended based upon previous systematic evaluation of these tools using both experimental and simulated RNA-seq datasets. However, isoform quantification in practical RNA-seq data analysis needs to deal with many QC issues, such as the abundance of rRNAs in mRNA-seq, the efficiency of globin RNA depletion in whole blood samples, and potential sample swapping. To overcome these practical challenges, QuickIsoSeq was developed for large-scale RNA-seq isoform quantification along with QC. In this chapter, we describe the pipeline and detailed the steps required to deploy and use it to analyze RNA-seq datasets in practice. The QuickIsoSeq package can be downloaded from https://github.com/shanrongzhao/QuickIsoSeq.
Studies on the Use of Bone Growth Stimulators in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis

Title: The Use of Bone Growth Stimulators for Osteoarthritis of the Knee. Background: The purpose of this study was to see if using Ultrasound Bone Growth Stimulators for osteoarthritis of the knee was beneficial. There is evidence that osteoarthritis of the knee is largely a subchondral bone disease with subsequent joint alterations. Because osteoarthritis contains fibrous tissue in the subchondral bone, and bone growth stimulators work by converting fibrous tissue in the callus of fracture nonunion into normal bone, osteoarthritis of the knee might be treated with bone growth stimulators. Methods and Findings: Ten patients with confirmed osteoarthritis of the knee were included in this pilot study. Each patient’s pain and quality of life were assessed on three independent scales before and after treatment with noninvasive bone growth stimulators. Eight subjects received ultrasound treatment, one received pulsed electromagnetic fields treatment, and one received mixed magnetic fields treatment. There was a high level of significance for nine of the eleven statistical tests which were performed on three independent scales for ultrasound. The participants who were treated using pulsed electromagnetic fields and combined magnetic fields experienced greater than 80% improvement for the comprehensive scores on all three measurement scales. Conclusion: This was the first time bone growth stimulators were used in a clinical setting to treat OA of the knee. Ultrasound, pulsed electromagnetic fields, and coupled magnetic fields have all been proven to be beneficial. The preliminary findings are positive, and future study paths are outlined.
MCLS (Midwest Collaborative for Library Services) E-Resources 2021 Meeting Reporter: Joseph Badics, Eastern Michigan University

The MCLS Annual E-resources meeting was held April 23, 2021. For the second year, it was a virtual meeting. MCLS is the Midwest Collaborative for Library Services: a nonprofit member organization t...
Media: Why It Matters

By contradicting his own book title entitled Media: Why it matters, Nick Couldry presents a concise yet far-reaching account of why media “matter” in all their complexity. In so doing, he treats me...
Increase in Sharing of Stressful Situations by Medical Trainees through Drawing Comics.

INTRODUCTION Medical trainees fear disclosing psychological distress and rarely seek help. Social sharing of difficult experiences can reduce stress and burnout. Drawing comics is one way that has been used to help trainees express themselves. The authors explore reasons why some medical trainees chose to draw comics depicting stressful situations that they had never shared with anyone before. METHODS Trainees participated in a comic drawing session on stressors in medicine. Participants were asked if they had ever shared the drawn situation with anyone. Participants who had not previously shared were asked what prevented them and why they shared it now. The authors performed content analysis of the responses. RESULTS Of two hundred forty participants, forty-six (19.2%) indicated sharing an experience for the first time. Analysis of the responses revealed dedicated time and space was essential to sharing, trainee insecurity was a barrier, and comics were perceived as a safe way to communicate. DISCUSSION Depicting a stressful situation may be beneficial for trainees who drew an experience they had never shared before. Providing trainees with the opportunity to externalize their experience and create a community for sharing tough experiences may be one way to reduce trainee stress and burnout.
Inverted Pendulum Stabilization of Submarines in Free Positive Buoyancy Ascent

The problem of steady-state vertical ascent of a submarine with excess buoyancy is analyzed. All possible vertical plane solutions are computed and their stability is established in both in-plane and out-of-plane perturbations. Divergence of trajectories, sensitivity of solutions to initial conditions, and stable inverted pendulum configurations are shown to exist for certain ranges of parameters.
Multiple positive solutions for difference equations

Multiple Positive solutions are shown to exist for the third order difference equation satisfying conjugate boundary conditions when f is sublinear at one end point (zero or infinity) and superlinear at the other. The methods involve application of a fixed point theorem for operators on a cone.
MULTICULTURALISM AND SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION: THE NON-DEBATE ABOUT COMPETING PERSPECTIVES

This article discusses the role of social work education-preparing students for culturally competent practice—in the context of a broad societal conflict over multicultural education. Antithetical perspectives on three themes of the multiculturalism debate are examined: visions of community, educational quality, and social change. Examination of the themes in relation to social work education reveals that the debate within the profession is passive, indirect, and submerged compared with the open debate in higher education in general. This article calls for an open debate on the profession’s competing perspectives and its failures to achieve goals in relation to multicultural education and practice.
Mitochondrial regulation in sea urchins: II. Formation of polyribosomes within the mitochondria of 4–8 cell stage embryos of the sea urchin

Abstract Functional mitochondrial polyribosomes, containing newly synthesized RNA, are already formed by the 8-cell stage of embryogenesis. Evidence that the polyribosomes are functional is based upon their capability to translate in vitro and their sensitivity to EDTA and puromycin. After fertilization, two ribosomal and at least six messenger-like RNAs are synthesized within the mitochondria; however, only the messenger-like RNA is found to be associated with polyribosomes following a 0–3 h labeling period. These results suggest that translation of newly synthesized messenger RNA (mRNA) occurs within mitochondria of cleavage stage embryos and that this translation utilizes ribosomes which were formed in the egg prior to fertilization.
Cloning and characterization of a mammalian proton-coupled metal-ion transporter

Metal ions are essential cofactors for a wealth of biological processes, including oxidative phosphorylation, gene regulation and free-radical homeostasis. Failure to maintain appropriate levels of metal ions in humans is a feature of hereditary haemochromatosis, disorders of metal-ion deficiency, and certain neurodegenerative diseases. Despite their pivotal physiological roles, however, there is no molecular information on how metal ions are actively absorbed by mammalian cells. We have now identified a new metal-ion transporter in the rat, DCT1, which has an unusually broad substrate range that includes Fe2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Ni2+ and Pb2+. DCT1 mediates active transport that is proton-coupled and depends on the cell membrane potential. It is a 561-amino-acid protein with 12 putative membrane-spanning domains and is ubiquitously expressed, most notably in the proximal duodenum. DCT1 is upregulated by dietary iron deficiency, and may represent a key mediator of intestinal iron absorption. DCT1 is a member of the 'natural-resistance-associated macrophage protein' (Nramp) family and thus its properties provide insight into how these proteins confer resistance to pathogens.
Reply [to Comments on “The greenhouse debate: Time for action?”] Greenhouse economics and policy

In their comments, Harvey [1992], Oeschger et al. [1992], and Bolin [1992] raise the intertwined issues of greenhouse economics and policy, particularly the economic and environmental costs of a 10-year delay in action and the need for the natural and socioeconomic sciences to define future scenarios. In the following I address these concerns by summarizing recent research conducted on greenhouse economics and policy by Peck and Teisberg [1992a, b], W.D. Nordhaus (Rolling the “DICE”: An optimal transition path for controlling greenhouse gases, submitted to the Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1992; hereinafter, referred to as Nordhaus, 1992), and Hammitt, Lempert, and Schlesinger [1992], followed by conclusions and recommendations.
Muscle Mass and Weight Gain Nutritional Supplements

There are numerous sports supplements available that claim to increase lean body mass. However, for these sports supplements to exert any favorable changes in lean body mass, they must influence those factors regulating skeletal muscle hypertrophy (i.e., satellite cell activity, gene transcription, protein translation). If a given sports supplement does favorably influence one of these regulatory factors, the result is a positive net protein balance (in which protein synthesis exceeds protein breakdown). Sports supplement categories aimed at eliciting a positive net protein balance include anabolic hormone enhancers, nutrient timing pre- and postexercise workout supplements, anticatabolic supplements, and nitric oxide boosters. Of all the sports supplements available, only a few have been subject to multiple clinical trials with repeated favorable outcomes relative to increasing lean body mass. This chapter focuses on these supplements and others that have a sound theoretical rationale in relation to increasing lean body mass.
Bikeway Networks: A Review of Effects on Cycling

Research linking bikeway infrastructure and cycling levels has increased significantly over the last 20 years — with the strongest growth since 2010. The research has evolved from the study of lanes and paths, to include analyses of the role of intersection treatments, and finally to studies that attempt to measure the whole bike network. Most studies suggest a positive relationship between bikeway networks or aspects of the network and cycling levels. Stated and revealed-preference studies suggest a hierarchy of cyclist and non-cyclist preferences may exist, favoring separate paths and/or lanes over cycling on roadways with traffic — particularly with high volumes of fast-moving motorized traffic. Revealed- and stated-route-choice studies indicate that intersections have negative effects on the cycling experience, but that certain features can offset this. The research correlating link and node characteristics to cycling implies that networks of such facilities would have positive effects, though very few empirical studies link complex measures of the network to cycling levels. In spite of an increase in studies and general agreement among findings, several important research gaps remain, including empirical studies using comprehensive network measures and studies of specific facility designs and new types of facilities (including intersection treatments). Improved research methods are necessary, including better sampling, longitudinal studies, greater geographic diversity, and incorporating more control variables, including policies.