cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Purdue-Lin Microphysics Scheme for Intel Xeon Phi Coprocessor

Due to severe weather events, there is a growing need for more accurate weather predictions. Climate change has increased both frequency and severity of such events. Optimizing weather model source code would result in reduced run times or more accurate weather predictions. One such weather model is the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model, which is designed for both numerical weather prediction (NWP) and atmospheric research. The WRF software infrastructure consists of several components such as dynamic solvers and physics schemes. Purdue-Lin scheme is a relatively sophisticated microphysics scheme in the WRF model. The scheme includes six classes of hydro meteors: 1) water vapor; 2) cloud water; 3) raid; 4) cloud ice; 5) snow; and 6) graupel. The scheme is very suitable for massively parallel computation as there are no interactions among horizontal grid points. Thus, we present our optimization results for the Purdue-Lin microphysics scheme. Those optimizations included improved vectorization of the code to utilize multiple vector units inside each processor code better. Performed optimizations improved the performance of the original unmodified Purdue-Lin microphysics code running natively on Xeon Phi 7120P by a factor of $4.7\times$ . Similarly, the same optimizations improved the performance of the Purdue-Lin microphysics scheme on a dual socket configuration of eight core Intel Xeon E5-2670 CPUs by a factor of $1.3 \times$ compared to the original code.
A new algorithm for solving the random eigenvalue problem using polynomial chaos expansion

The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a stochastic system can be well approximated by their finite polynomial chaos decomposition. However, the simulation-based method of estimating the chaos coefficients is computationally intensive and relies on the availability of good random number generators. To overcome these problems, a different method of estimating the coefficients is presented here. In this method, the norm of the residual of the system is minimized so as to provide enough constraints to estimate these coefficients. Algorithmic details, advantages and applicability of this method are described. A numerical study is conducted to demonstrate the procedure and to test its efficiency. It is observed that for a system with widely spaced modes, the presented method produces very good estimates of the chaos coefficients and is computationally more efficient than simulationbased method.
Effect of BaHfO_3∶Ce Powders Activation Energy on Sintering Transparency

BaHfO3∶Ce powders were prepared by normal strike co-precipitation(NSC) method and reverse strike coprecipitation(RSC) method respectively.The phase composition,particle morphology and luminescence properties of BaHfO3∶Ce powders were characterized by XRD,TG-DTA and SEM.The effect of different precipitation methods on synthesis kinetics of particle was investigated at different heating rates.The results show that the precursors prepared by NSC and RSC decompose in three stages.The apparent activation energy of each stage is calculated using the Doyle-Ozawa and Kissinger methods.The average apparent activation energies of the three reaction stages of precursors prepared by NSC and RSC are 83.41,61.70,262.11 kJ·mol-1and 81.70,42.86,253.44 kJ·mol-1respectively.The activation energies of grain growth for BaHfO3∶Ce powders prepared by NSC and RSC are 27.36 kJ·mol-1and 23.07 kJ·mol-1severally.The powder prepared by RSC method exhibits excellent luminescence properties with higher intensity of excitation spectrum excited by 530nm and emission spectrum excited by 399 nm.The BaHfO3∶Ce ceramic is partly transparent after being sintered at 2 073 K in vacuum for 3 h.
Results of monitoring of chronic diseases in Binyang county in 2010

Objective To understand the prevalence and risk factors of chronic diseases among resident in Binyang county.Methods Six hundred residents were chosen from 600 family aged above 18 years by using stratified cluster random sampling and KISH,and the prevalence of chronic diseases was surveyed.Results The prevalent rates of hypertension and diabetes were 22.2% and 3.3%.The proportions of smoking,drinking,high fat diet,high salt diet,lacking physical exercise and overweight were 32.3%,5.3%,38.0%,72.2%,27.7% and 23.7%,respectively.Conclusions Chronic diseases are prevalent in Binyang county and drinking,high fat diet,high salt diet,lacking physical exercise and overweight.are the risk factors for hypertension and diabetes.
Role of Endothelium in Regulation of the Brain Microcirculation

Endothelium is a major regulator of vascular tone. The primary mechanism by which endothelium regulates tone of underlying vascular muscle under normal conditions is by the release endothelium-derived relaxing factor(s) (EDRFs). These factors include nitric oxide, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor(s) and prostacyclin [19, 69]. Although there are a few exceptions [see 19 and 20 for detailed reviews, 79], the vast majority of available evidence suggests that under normal conditions, nitric oxide is the predominant EDRF in both large arteries and microvessels of the cerebral circulation. For this reason, the present review will focus on the functional importance of endothelium-derived nitric oxide in regulation of cerebral vascular tone. In addition, mechanisms of nitric oxide mediated signaling, the interaction of nitric oxide and superoxide, and examples of changes in the functional importance of endothelium-derived nitric oxide in disease states will be summarized.
Design and Engineering Challenges in the Development of the FAA’s Full Scale Accelerated Pavement Test Facility NAPMRC

Accelerated Pavement Test Facilities are not a common type of facility for Architecture and Engineering (A/E) firms to have experience with. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) commissioned the design of their APT Facility, the National Airport Pavement and Materials Research Center (NAPMRC) in 2012. Personnel from the FAA’s National Airport Pavement Test Facility near Atlantic City, NJ USA worked with an A/E firm to develop a facility to utilize the FAA’s Heavy Vehicle Simulator for Airfields (HVS-A). The HVS-A commissioned by the FAA and built by Dynatest Corporation is the largest HVS ever constructed by Dynatest. Challenges were encountered in working with designers to build pavements “designed to fail” and to gather information from those pavements as they fail. This included educating the designers to the build, test, fail and repeat concept of accelerated pavement testing. The NAPMRC encompasses both indoor and outdoor test pavements. Electric power required to run the HVS-A needed to be provided throughout the facility to make full use of the six lanes of test pavement being constructed. Data collection and communications networks that could deliver pavement sensor information were designed with flexibility to handle a variety of sensor for the original and future test pavement builds.
Lisch Nodules in Neurofibromatosis Type 1

The prevalence of Lisch nodules among 167 patients with neurofibromatosis 1 is reported from the Department of Pediatrics, Genetics Division, Miami Children’s Hospital, Miama, FL.
Protection from Whom? Tensions, Contradictions, and Potential in the Responsibility to Protect

This chapter presents an overview of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) principle, with the goal of presenting a history of the concept that can be used for inquires along the lines of critical security studies. Secondly, because scholarship on R2P tends to present R2P as a norm prevalent within the United Nations, not the USA, the chapter turns its attention to how R2P has been operationalized within the context of US foreign policy. The chapter draws on these examples to identify two challenges and cautionary notes, while making a normative assertion that the goals of R2P should not be to help create a world where populations are constantly protected by states, but to create a world where people do not need protection.
Oncogenic Role for the Lck/ZAP70/PLCG2 Signaling Pathway in Pre-B-ALL Pathogenesis

Although the treatment and prognosis of patients with pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have improved during the last decades, there is still a clinical need for more effective/selective and less toxic therapies. To address this, we have interrogated various signaling pathways in human ALL cells and mouse strains that express E2A-PBX1, which is present in 5-7% of pediatric ALL. Phospho-flow analysis revealed basal hyper-phosphorylation levels of PLCγ2 in mouse E2A-PBX1 leukemias, consistent with hyper-activation of upstream signaling pathways. Efficient shRNA-mediated depletion of PLCγ2 reduced colony formation of mouse E2A-PBX1+ leukemias in vitro and increased disease-free survival after secondary bone marrow transplantation in vivo. Furthermore, PLCγ2-depleted human ALL cell lines including E2A-PBX1+ cells, showed reduced proliferation. These data suggest a pathogenic role of hyperactivated PLCγ2 in pre-B-ALL. Bioinformatics analysis of E2A-PBX1 target genes in human ALLs revealed an enrichment of B- and T-cell activation pathways, which include the SRC-family kinase LCK and the cytoplasmic kinase ZAP70, upstream of PLCγ2. Comparative analyses of global transcriptional profiles in human primary and mouse leukemias and preleukemias induced by the E2A-PBX1 oncogene identified the signaling kinase ZAP70 as one of the earliest and most consistently up-regulated genes in E2A-PBX1 leukemias. Using a candidate gene approach, we identified LCK with increased expression levels in E2A-PBX1 leukemia cells compared to normal B-cell progenitors. Mouse and human E2A-PBX1 leukemia cells were dependent on the E2A-PBX1 target genes ZAP70 and LCK for proliferation and survival as confirmed by shRNA knock-down experiments. Hence, efficient depletion of these genes resulted in a decrease of phosphorylated PLCγ2, suggesting therapeutic targets in E2A-PBX1 leukemias. Combined suppression of ZAP70 and LCK using double-shRNA experiments showed an additive effect on inhibition of cell proliferation and decrease of phosphorylated PLCγ2. These results provide a rationale for combination therapy to block this hyper-activated signaling pathway at different levels. Several small molecule inhibitors were evaluated for their effects on PLCγ2 upstream pathways in E2A-PBX1 leukemia cells. SRC-family kinase inhibitors including dasatinib were most effective in reducing phosphorylation of PLCγ2 and inhibiting cell proliferation. Furthermore, dasatinib showed promising preclinical efficacy in vitro in colony forming assays and in vivo after secondary bone marrow transplantation of leukemias. In summary, our studies demonstrate that the proliferation and survival of E2A-PBX1 leukemias are dependent on PLCγ2 and upstream signaling pathways, which are suitable for pharmacological inhibition. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Using a Value Sensitive Design Approach to Promote Adolescent Online Safety on Mobile Platforms

With the rise of adolescent smart phone use, concerns about teen online safety are also on the rise. A number of parental control apps are available for mobile devices but adoption of these apps has been markedly low. To address this problem, I have already conducted a structured, qualitative feature analysis of 75 Android mobile apps designed for the purpose of promoting adolescent online safety. My advisor helped to develop a conceptual framework for Teen Online Safety Strategies (TOSS) and mapped our feature analysis results to this conceptual framework. Overall, I found that the available apps overwhelmingly supported parental control through restriction and monitoring over teen self-regulation or parental active mediation, which has been shown to be a more effective parenting approach. Next, I plan to conduct a web-survey based to confirm our hypotheses that the values promoted in the design of these apps (e.g., distrust, authoritarian parenting, etc.) are sub-optimal and do not cater to the needs of parents or teens (e.g., trust building, accountability, etc.), thus contributing to the low rate of adoption. Then I will develop a mobile app prototype suggesting alternative designs for keeping teens safe online. In summary, my research will enable the HCI social computing community to create more effective solutions to teen online safety that will help promote positive parent-teen relationships.
Loving the Sinner: Evangelical Colleges and Their LGB Students

In his Obergefell dissent, Chief Justice Robert wrote: “Hard questions arise when people of faith exercise religion in ways that may be seen to conflict with the new right to same-sex marriage.” This article looks at one of those hard questions - the relationship between evangelical colleges and their LGB students. As religious institutions, evangelical colleges have authority to freely exercise their faith. They exercise this freedom by maintaining sexual conduct codes which prohibit homosexual practice or behavior by their students. Despite the existence of these codes, evangelical colleges have, and most likely always will have, sexual minority students. While the codes reach only conduct and speech, the environment on campus remains largely negative for sexual minority students, even when they follow the codes’ requirements.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for status asthmaticus: a case report ECMO for status asthmaticus

Technological advances in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and emerging evidence that it improves survival in adults with reversible respiratory failure compared to conventional ventilation has lead to increased utilization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adults, usually in the context of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Refractory status asthmaticus is an uncommon indication for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. We present a case of near fatal respiratory failure and hypercapnia in a 48-year-old male in status asthmaticus not responsive to optimal ventilatory treatment. The use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation resulted in full recovery with return of normal respiratory function within nine days.
Den phenology and reproductive success of polar bears in a changing climate

Synchrony between reproduction and food availability is important in mammals due to the high energetic costs of gestation and lactation. Female polar bears (Ursus maritimus) must accumulate sufficient energy reserves during spring through autumn to produce and nurse cubs during the winter months in snow dens. Adequate time in a den is important to optimize cub development for withstanding harsh Arctic spring conditions and to synchronize emergence with peak prey availability, which occurs in May and June. During 1985–2013, den phenology was investigated using temperature data collected on satellite collars deployed on adult female polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea (SB) and Chukchi Sea (CS). We examined relationships between den phenology, reproductive success (cub production and post-emergence survival), and environmental factors (weather and sea-ice conditions). Females observed with cubs emerged later and remained in dens on average 15.0 ± 7.6 (SE) days longer than females seen without cubs. Females occupying land-based dens, where estimated snowfall was greater, had higher reproductive success. Recently, female polar bears have increased land-based denning in the SB. Females in CS emerged later from dens than SB females, consistent with better female body condition and higher cub survival in the CS. During years with a greater area of autumn sea ice, reproductive success was higher at land-based versus sea-ice dens, suggesting continued decline in sea ice could negatively affect recruitment. However, further research is needed to better understand mechanistic relationships. Because females emerging later from dens had higher reproductive success, den duration could be a useful metric in population monitoring.
On the estimation of high-dimensional surrogate models of steady-state of plant-wide processes characteristics

Abstract This work generalizes a preliminary investigation (Georgakis and Li, 2010) in which we examined the use of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for the estimation of surrogate models as accurate approximations of high-dimensional knowledge-driven models. Three processes are examined with higher complexity than before, accounting for a much larger number of input and output variables. The surrogate models obtained are used to analyze several steady-state plant-wide characteristics. In all processes, the knowledge-driven model is a dynamic simulation with a plant-wide control structure of multiple SISO controllers. This type of controller proves to not be robust enough in its stability characteristics to enable substantial changes in the set-points. The net-elastic regularization is successfully used for the estimation of the metamodel parameters, avoiding overfitting and eliminating insignificant terms. Cross validation is used to compare and evaluate the relative accuracy of the quadratic and cubic models.
The Microbiology Effect: A Call for Education Research.

In this letter from the Editor, Dr. Samantha Elliott calls for more research into the ways in which microbiology courses impact the behaviors of pre-nursing students.
PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HYALURONAN RECEPTOR FOR ENDOCYTOSIS (HARE)

ABSTRACT Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LECs) express two HARE proteins of 175 kDa and ∼300 kDa that endocytically clear hyaluronan (HA) from the circulation. We have characterized eight monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) raised against the partially purified 175 kDa HARE. Seven mAbs recognize the 175 kDa HARE after nonreducing SDS-PAGE and in all cases also crossreact with the ∼300 kDa HARE. Two of the mAbs inhibit 125I-HA binding and endocytosis by LECs at 37°C. We purified these two HAREs and showed that the 175 kDa HARE is a single protein, whereas the ∼300 kDa species contains three subunits at 260, 230 and 97 kDa (Zhou, et al. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 33831–33834, 1999). Two mAbs recognized both the two nonreduced HARE species and three of the four proteins present after reduction. The 97 kDa subunit was not recognized by any mAbs in Western blots. Based on their cross-reactivity with the mAbs against the 175 kDa HARE, the 175, 230 and 260 kDa proteins are related to each other. Immunocytochemistry using these mAbs shows high protein expression levels in rat liver sinusoids, the venous sinuses of the red pulp in spleen, and the medullary sinuses of lymph nodes. Little or no HARE expression was observed in muscle, heart, lung, kidney, brain, skin, eye, pancreas, thymus, testis, adipose, salivary gland, adrenal, thyroid, larynx, tongue, stomach or intestine. We propose the name HARE (HA Receptor for Endocytosis) because this receptor mediates the very rapid endocytosis of HA and its tissue distribution is not unique to liver.
CHARACTERIZATION OF LIGHT EXTINCTION AND ATTENUATION IN CHESAPEAKE BAY, AUGUST, 1977

Abstract When solar radiation penetrates the sea, it is both scattered and absorbed at rates which depend upon the concentration of dissolved organic substances and suspended particulate matter present in the water column. Both scattering and absorption act in unison to produce a rate of attenuation. It is well known that as a transformation from clear oceanic waters to more turbid coastal waters occurs, short wavelengths of light are attenuated more quickly while yellow light penetrates the deepest. This phenomenon is termed “Yellow Shift.” Light penetration measurements at selected wavelengths (430, 470, 514.5, 540, and 600 nm ± 10 nm) taken in August, 1977 in the upper 200 km of Chesapeake Bay from the mouth of the Susquehanna River, suggest that there may be an estuarine “Orange Shift.” It was found for 50% of all light penetration measurements that orange light (600 nm) exhibited the smallest average attenuation coefficient (i.e., orange light penetrated the deepest). Beam transmission volume attenuation coefficients (α) calculated for stations from the mouth of the Susquehanna River to just offshore (6.3 km) from the mouth of Chesapeake Bay indicate that Chesapeake Bay can be divided into three turbidity zones: Estuarine Turbidity Maximum (α values of 3.50 to 4.77 ln/m); Estuarine Turbidity Normal (2.79 to 2.91); Estuarine Turbidity Minimum (2.73 to 2.76). The Turbidity Maximum of northern Chesapeake Bay is examined by comparing the relationship of contours of attenuation coefficient, turbidity, suspended sediment, salinity and chlorophyll a.
A chromosomal breakage syndrome with profound immunodeficiency

The chromosomal breakage syndromes--ataxia-telangiectasia, Fanconi's anemia, and Bloom's syndrome--are associated with growth failure, neurologic abnormalities, immunodeficiency, and an increased incidence of malignancy. The relationship between these features is unknown. We recently evaluated a 21-year-old female with more severe chromosomal breakage, immunodeficiency, and growth failure than in any of the mentioned disorders. As of November 1985, the patient remains clinically free of malignancy. At age 18, the patient's weight was 22.6 kg (50th percentile for seven years), height was 129 cm (50th percentile for eight years), and head circumference was 42 cm (50th percentile for six months). Laboratory studies demonstrated a marked decrease in both B and T cell number and function. The peripheral blood contained 400 to 900 lymphocytes/microL with 32% T11 cells, 17% T4 cells, and 21% T8 cells. The proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen, and concanavalin A were less than 10% of control. There were 1% surface IgM positive cells, and serum IgG was 185 mg/dL, IgM 7 mg/dL, IgA 5 mg/dL. In lymphocyte cultures stimulated with the T cell mitogens PHA, phorbol ester, and interleukin 2, 55% of the banded metaphases demonstrated breaks or rearrangements. The majority of the breaks involved four fragile sites on chromosomes 7 and 14, 7p13, 7q35, 14q11, and 14q32. These are the sites of the genes for the T cell-antigen receptor and the immunoglobulin heavy chain and are sites of gene rearrangement in lymphocyte differentiation. Epstein-Barr virus stimulated B cells and fibroblast cultures also demonstrated a high incidence of breaks, but the sites were less selective. These findings suggest that the sites of chromosomal fragility in the chromosomal breakage syndromes may be informative and that factors other than the severity of the immunodeficiency or the high incidence of chromosomal damage may contribute to the occurrence of malignancy in the chromosomal breakage syndromes.
Wohnungseigentum? Nicht geschenkt!. Zur Wohnungsprivatisierung in Russland

Im Zuge der Privatisierung des Wohnungswesens in Russland werden die Wohnungen den gegenwartigen Bewohnern auf Antrag kostenlos als Privateigentum ubertragen. Damit verfolgt der Staat zwei Ziele: einerseits will er damit die Unterstutzung der Bevolkerung fur sein Reformprogramm gewinnen, andererseits will er rasch die mit der staatliche Wohnungsversorgung verbundenen hohen Kosten auf die Bewohner abwalzen. Verlauf und Konsequenzen dieses Privatisierungsprogramms werden am Beispiel der Stadt St. Petersburg untersucht. Die Zahl der Antrage auf Ubertragung der Wohnung ins Privateigentum stieg dort zunachst steil an, ging jedoch seit 1993 wieder zuruck. Kaum die Halfte der Wohnungen ist bisher aus staatlichem Eigentum herausgelost worden. Die Grunde fur diesen Verlauf liegen in geringen materiellen Anreizen, so lange das Wohnen zur Miete mit lebenslangem Wohnrecht und niedrigen Kosten verbunden ist. Auserdem besteht eine anhaltende Rechtsunsicherheit fur die private Eigentumsbildung. Eine Besonderheit in St. Petersburg stellen die Zwangswohngemeinschaften (Kommunalkas) dar, die nach der Revolution in die grosen innerstadtischen Wohnungen aus der Zarenzeit einquartiert worden waren. Die marktwirtschaftlichen Steuerungsmechanismen, denen die Wohnungsverteilung immer mehr unterworfen ist, fuhrt zu einer Rucknahme der revolutionaren Veranderungen in der sozialraumlichen Struktur der russischen Stadte.
Breathing In: The Determinants of Lung Volume

The measurement of lung volume is as old as the spirometer. Measurements of lung volume and its subdivisions yield critical diagnostic information about the principle cause of disease, either restrictive with decreased volume or obstructive with increased volume. There are numerous simple and complex techniques for measuring lung volume including simple spirometry, body plethysmography, and the CT scan.
Adsorption behavior of zinc on silica in ammoniacal solutions

The adsorption of zinc species onto silica in ammoniacal solutions was studied. The adsorption isotherms indicated that the adsorption of zinc increased with increasing pH. The adsorption density increased as the zinc equilibrium concentration increased up to ≈3.5xl0−4 M. Above this concentration, the adsorption density was independent of the equilibrium concentration, and a maxima adsorption density was reached. Temperature had no significant effect on the adsorption density.
Patterns of Racial/Ethnic Disparities and Prevalence in HIV and Syphilis Diagnoses Among Men Who Have Sex With Men, 2016: A Novel Data Visualization.

Objectives. To describe disparities in HIV infection and syphilis among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) in US states through ratio-based measures and graphical depictions o...
A Meta-analysis of Retinal Cytoarchitectural Abnormalities in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are characterized by reductions in gray matter and white matter. Limitations in brain imaging have led researchers to use optical coherence tomography (OCT) to explore retinal imaging biomarkers of brain pathology. We examine the retinal layers that may be associated with SZ or BD. METHODS Articles identified using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Database. Twelve studies met inclusion for acutely/chronically ill patients. We used fixed or random effects meta-analysis for probands (SZ and BD), SZ or BD eyes vs healthy control (HC) eyes. We adjusted for sources of bias, cross-validated results, and report standardized mean differences (SMD). Statistical analysis performed using meta package in R. RESULTS Data from 820 proband eyes (SZ = 541, BD = 279) and 904 HC eyes were suitable for meta-analysis. The peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) showed significant thinning in SZ and BD eyes compared to HC eyes (n = 12, SMD = -0.74, -0.51, -1.06, respectively). RNFL thinning was greatest in the nasal, temporal, and superior regions. The combined peripapillary ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer (GCL-IPL) showed significant thinning in SZ and BD eyes compared to HC eyes (n = 4, SMD = -0.39, -0.44, -0.28, respectively). No statistically significant differences were identified in other retinal or choroidal regions. Clinical variables were unrelated to the RNFL or GCL-IPL thickness by meta-regression. CONCLUSION The observed retinal layer thinning is consistent with the classic gray- and white-matter atrophy observed on neuroimaging in SZ and BD patients. OCT may be a useful biomarker tool in studying the neurobiology of psychosis.
Robustness of entropy plateaus: A case study of triangular Ising antiferromagnets

Residual entropy is a key feature associated with emergence in many-body systems. From a variety of frustrated magnets to the onset of spin-charge separation in Hubbard models and fermion-${Z}_{2}$-flux variables in Kitaev models, the freezing of one set of degrees of freedom and the establishment of local constraints are marked by a plateau in entropy as a function of temperature. Yet, with the exception of the rare-earth pyrochlore family of spin-ice materials, evidence for such plateaus is rarely seen in real materials, raising questions about their robustness. Following recent experimental findings of the absence of such plateaus in the triangular-lattice Ising antiferromagnet (TIAF) ${\mathrm{TmMgGaO}}_{4}$ by Li et al., we explore in detail the existence and rounding of entropy plateaus in TIAF. We use a transfer-matrix method to numerically calculate the properties of the system at different temperatures and magnetic fields, with further neighbor interactions and disorder. We find that temperature windows of entropy plateaus exist only when second-neighbor interactions are no more than a couple of percent of the nearest-neighbor ones, and they are also easily destroyed by disorder in the nearest-neighbor exchange variable, thereby explaining the challenge in observing such effects.
A rare case of a 65 year old female with a mesenteric paraganglioma

Abstract Paragangliomas (PGLs) originate from neuroendocrine cells of the autonomic paraganglia and are classically found in the neck and skull base region, chest cavity, abdomen, pelvis, and bladder. We report a rare case of a mesenteric PGL in a 65-year-old asymptomatic female. She was treated by surgical resection of the small bowel mass and corresponding mesentery. Twelve prior cases of mesenteric paragangliomas exist in the literature. We report our findings and brief review of the current literature to date.
Detecting Change in Longitudinal Social Networks

Abstract : Changes in observed social networks may signal an underlying change within an organization, and may even predict significant events or behaviors. The breakdown of a team's effectiveness, the emergence of informal leaders, or the preparation of an attack by a clandestine network may all be associated with changes in the patterns of interactions among group members. The ability to systematically, statistically, effectively and efficiently detect these changes has the potential to enable the anticipation, early warning, and faster response to both positive and negative organizational activities. By applying statistical process control techniques to social networks we can rapidly detect changes in these networks. Herein we describe this methodology and then illustrate it using four data sets. We nominate four types of dynamic network behaviors for investigation in this paper. These behaviors are not comprehensive; however, it is necessary to define a set of behaviors to focus our investigation of network change. The four behaviors we focus on are network stability, endogenous change, exogenous change, and initiated change. The first data set is the Newcomb fraternity data. The second set of data was collected on a group of mid-career U.S. Army officers in a week-long training exercise. The third data set contains the perceived connections among members of al Qaeda based on open sources, and the fourth data set is simulated using multiagent simulation. The results indicate that this methodology is able to detect change even with the high levels of uncertainty inherent in these data sets.
Ethical Considerations About Clinician Reimbursement for Advance Care Planning

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) introduced two Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes that allow clinicians to bill for time spent discussing advance care planning (ACP) effective January 1, 2016. As defined by Sudore et al, advance care planning is “a process that supports adults at any age or stage of health in understanding and sharing their personal values, life goals, and preferences regarding future medical care...[with] the goal. that people receive medical care that is consistent with their values, goals, and preferences during serious and chronic illness.”1 Proponents applauded this new policy as a method to incentivize ACP potentially increasing the uptake of ACP, thereby improving the delivery of medical care that aligns with the patients’ goals, values, and preferences.2 The purpose of this manuscript is to examine the 2016 reimbursement policy through the lens of the ethical principles at stake: beneficence, autonomy, justice by considering conflict of interest, quality not quantity of CPT coding, and potential disparities that may occur.
The genome of the softshell clam Mya arenaria and the evolution of apoptosis

Apoptosis is a fundamental feature of multicellular animals and is best understood in mammals, flies, and nematodes, with the invertebrate models being thought to represent a condition of ancestral simplicity. However, the existence of a leukemia-like cancer in the softshell clam Mya arenaria provides an opportunity to re-evaluate the evolution of the genetic machinery of apoptosis. Here, we report the whole-genome sequence for M. arenaria which we leverage with existing data to test evolutionary hypotheses on the origins of apoptosis in animals. We show that the ancestral bilaterian p53 locus, a master regulator of apoptosis, possessed a complex domain structure, in contrast to that of extant ecdysozoan p53s. Further, ecdysozoan taxa, but not chordates or lophotrochozoans like M. arenaria, show a widespread reduction in apoptosis gene copy number. Finally, phylogenetic exploration of apoptosis gene copy number reveals a striking linkage with p53 domain complexity across species. Our results challenge the current understanding of the evolution of apoptosis and highlight the ancestral complexity of the bilaterian apoptotic tool kit and its subsequent dismantlement during the ecdysozoan radiation.
Effects of Urbanization and Landscape on Gut Microbiomes in White-Crowned Sparrows

Habitats are changing rapidly around the globe and urbanization is one of the primary drivers. Urbanization changes food availability, environmental stressors, and the prevalence of disease for many species. These changes can lead to divergence in phenotypic traits, including behavioral, physiological, and morphological features between urban and rural populations. Recent research highlights that urbanization is also changing the gut microbial communities found in a diverse group of host species. These changes have not been uniform, leaving uncertainty as to how urban habitats are shaping gut microbial communities. To better understand these effects, we investigated the gut bacterial communities of White-Crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys) populations along an urbanization gradient in the San Francisco Bay area. We examined how gut bacterial communities vary with the local environment and host morphological characteristics. We found direct effects of environmental factors, including urban noise levels and territory land cover, as well as indirect effects through body size and condition, on alpha and beta diversity of gut microbial communities. We also found that urban and rural birds’ microbiomes differed in which variables predicted their diversity, with urban communities driven by host morphology, and rural communities driven by environmental factors. Elucidating these effects provides a better understanding of how urbanization affects wild avian physiology.
The influence of intensity and timing of daily light exposure on subjective and objective sleep in adolescents with an evening circadian preference.

Abstract Study objectives The aim of the present study is to examine the relationship between light and sleep, in adolescents with an evening circadian preference. Methods For a period of seven days, ninety-nine adolescents wore a wrist actigraph to assess light exposure and objective sleep and completed a sleep diary to assess subjective sleep. Results Lower average light intensity across the preceding 24 h was associated with a later sleep onset (p Conclusion This study highlights the importance of light exposure, particularly the timing of light exposure, for establishing healthy patterns of sleep among adolescents with a propensity for a delayed bedtime and waketime. These findings provide additional evidence for targeting light exposure when designing interventions to improve adolescent sleep.
Percepciones y experiencias de los estudiantes de Odontología en educación en línea: Una revisión bibliográfica.

Objective: To describe the experiences and perceptions that dental students have regarding online methodologies, according to scientific evidence. Materials and Method: A search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. The inclusion criteria comprehended publications of a maximum of 5 years of antiquity in English or Spanish, qualitative studies, clinical trials, cohort studies, observational and descriptive studies which examined the experiences and perceptions that dental students had regarding online education methods. Those articles that were not available in full text and those that were not relevant to the purpose of this research were excluded. Results: 967 articles were obtained from the databases, and 22 remained after the elimination of duplicates (102), selection criteria applied (835), and those discarded because they were not in the full-text format or for being considered irrelevant to this research (8). Conclusion: The experiences reported showed a very positive assessment of the students towards online methodologies. Nonetheless, these modifications must be incorporated gradually in dental schools. It cannot yet be considered as a replacement for traditional methods, but rather as a complement to them.
Monitoring water quality through citizen science while teaching STEM undergraduate courses during a global pandemic.

Abstract Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many universities struggle to engage students while implementing a distance-based teaching/learning approach and to provide hands-on activities to students enrolled in STEM classes. Implementing service-focused activities that can be conducted by the students remotely can overcome these struggles. The goals of this study were to 1) implement citizen science activities focused on water quality using three commercially available low-cost test strips (2:1, 5:1, and 16:1) while teaching four undergraduate engineering courses at the University of Mississippi (UM) during a pandemic event, and 2) evaluate the acceptability and validate the results obtained. Eighty-five undergraduate students (citizen scientists) and five research scientists (control group) collected two water samples (with triplicates) after receiving detailed step-by-step written guidelines and video tutorials. One hundred twenty tap water samples were collected from private households across Lafayette County and its surrounding counties and multiple buildings on campus. Five laboratory fortified blank (LBF) samples were implemented to validate the results. While the academic background of the participants did not impact the results (p > 0.05), the results obtained using the different test strips were statistically different (p
Exploring Multiple-Perpetrator Stalking: Victim Consequences of Solo and Multiple Stalkers

Though stalking is often portrayed as a solo offender crime, victims can also be targeted by multiple stalkers working together or separately. This project uses data from the 2006 Stalking Victimiz...
Relationships: Proximal and Distal

Substantial progress has been made in the study of relationships and even in shared cognitive processes among groups. There are many potential variations of this theme worthy of discussion that remain largely outside of scientific inquiry, currently. One logical extension of laboratory efforts to understand emotion is the aspect of being held close to someone in a relationship or being identified as more distant in the relationship. Whether or not one or the other cerebral hemisphere is specialized for the depth of a relationship remains unclear. The left brain may be specialized for those we hold near and dear emotionally, with the presentation of a somewhat universal positive attribution bias to these individuals. Being emotionally close to another person may promote expectations of forgiveness for incidental or actual transgressions, at least up until the moment that the cerebral processing advantage shifts to negative valences and the processing bias of the right hemisphere. At the simplest level, the processing bias of the right brain does not appear to hold others close. The attribution bias here appears to be negative or distanced from these individuals outside the group, unless it is a more deeply positive relationship that may need to be protected or defended under assault. But, the interdependence of these neural systems is evident as one influences the other. A simple example might hold as evidence that the visual spatial analysis and perception of physical size and strength of a threatening individual are diminished in the presence of a friend.
A note on non-existence results for semi-linear cooperative elliptic systems via moving spheres

In this note, we extend some earlier non-existence, monotonicity and one-dimensionality results of W. Reichel and the author, by replacing the local Lipschitz continuity hypothesis on the non-linearities by a so-called boundedly uniform Lipschitz condition in the magnitude of u.
The expressivity of constraint query languages with boolean algebra linear cardinality constraints

Constraint query languages with Boolean algebra linear cardinality constraints were introduced recently and shown to be evaluable using a quantifier elimination method in [22]. However, the expressive power of constraint query languages with linear cardinality constraints is still poorly understood in comparison with other cases of constraint query languages. This paper makes several contributions to the analysis of their expressive power. Several problems that were previously provably impossible to express even in FO+POLY are shown to be expressible using first-order query languages with linear cardinality constraints FO+BALC. We also show that all monadic Datalog queries are expressible in FO+BALC. Finally, we also show a new results for FO+LINEAR by expressing in it the problem of finding the time when two linearly moving point objects are closest to each other.
Abstract 18207: Role of Coronary Angiography with Successful Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest without ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Background: Emerging data have supported a strategy of earlier access to cardiac catheterization in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, there are as yet no randomized controlled trials (RCT) addressing the issue, and the impact of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on outcome is unclear in the absence of STEMI. We report here the characteristics and outcomes of patients with OHCA without STEMI undergoing coronary angiography (CA) with PCI vs. no PCI, in contrast to patients not undergoing CA. Methods: Single center, retrospective study of 195 patients with OHCA without STEMI between July 2007 and April 2014. Patients were categorized into CA vs. no CA (control), and among those undergoing CA we compared those treated with PCI vs. no PCI. Mortality was assessed along with key relevant clinical and angiographic variables in each group (Table). Results: 195 cases with OHCA without STEMI were reviewed, among which 102 (52%) did not undergo CA. 93 (48%) patients underwent CA, of which 21 (23%) underwent PCI, whereas 72 (77%) did not require PCI. Acute culprit lesion was identified in only 19 out of 93 (20.4%) Inpatient mortality was similar in those undergoing PCI vs. no PCI (19% vs. 14%, p=0.56). Patients that did not undergo CA had a significantly worse mortality, in comparison to patients undergoing CA (p Conclusions: In this series of consecutive patients with OHCA without STEMI, culprit lesions were uncommon when CA was performed. Overall outcomes in patients receiving CA were better than in those not receiving CA, likely reflecting referral bias based on disease severity. However, successful PCI in patients with obstructive CAD and culprit lesions was not associated with improved inpatient survival. These findings emphasize the need for RCTs to guide the need for CA and/or PCI in these patients.
Law and Lawbooks in Mediaeval Wales

Together with the Welsh language, mediaeval Welsh law has long been regarded as critical to Welsh national identity. The ongoing significance of the ‘law of Hywel’, together with the traditionally philological orientation of Celtic Studies as a discipline, have shaped the questions scholars have put to the laws over the past several decades. This article traces the manner in which the field has evolved, from an interest in Common Celtic institutions and comparisons with early Ireland, to the more contemporary emphasis on the Welsh lawbooks as part of the European-wide resurgence of law in the 12th and 13th centuries. It suggests that the way forward lies both in providing modern editions of texts not yet accessible, and in incorporating new theoretical perspectives now being put to use in other legal history fields into the study of the laws.
Accelerated Nursing Degree Programs: Insights Into Teaching and Learning Experiences

The Study of Teaching and Learning in Accelerated Nursing Degree Programs explores how nurse educators are adapting their teaching practices for accelerated, second-degree nursing program students. To provide findings on topics including instructional practices and the roles and attitudes of faculty, a web survey was administered to almost 100 staff members from schools of nursing that received grant and scholarship funds through the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's New Careers in Nursing program for accelerated nursing students. The study revealed that nursing school faculty have positive perceptions of working with accelerated nursing students and that instructional approaches do not differ much between traditional and nursing students. At the same time, the factors described as most predictive of accelerated nursing student success were noncognitive attributes such as motivation and commitment to the nursing profession; prior degrees in the science or health fields were not necessarily seen as predictive of the success of second-degree students working toward an accelerated bachelor's or master's degree in nursing.
An examination of PTSD symptoms as a mediator of the relationship between trauma history characteristics and physical health following a motor vehicle accident.

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that a history of trauma exposure is associated with increased vulnerability to the physical health consequences of subsequent trauma exposure, and that posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) may serve as a key pathway in this vulnerability. However, few studies have modeled these relationships using mediation, and most have failed to consider whether specific characteristics of the prior trauma exposure have a differential impact on physical and mental health outcomes. METHODS: The present study examined 180 victims of a serious motor vehicle accident (MVA) who reported prior exposure to traumatic events. PTSS were assessed by clinical interview 6 weeks post-MVA, and physical health was assessed 6 months post-MVA. Using structural equation modeling, the present study examined the extent to which event (age at first trauma, number, and types of trauma) and response (perceptions of life threat, physical injury, and distress) characteristics of prior trauma were related to physical health outcomes following a serious MVA, and whether these relationships were mediated by PTSS. RESULTS: Results revealed that both event and response characteristics of prior trauma history were associated with poorer physical health, and that PTSS served as a mechanism through which response characteristics, but not event characteristics, led to poorer physical health. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the enduring impact of trauma exposure on physical health outcomes, and underscore the importance of considering multiple mechanisms through which different aspects of prior trauma exposure may impact physical health. Language: en