cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aesthetic Testimony: What Can We Learn from Others about Beauty and Art?

The thesis that aesthetic testimony cannot provide aesthetic justification or knowledge is widely accepted–even by realists about aesthetic properties and values. This Kantian position is mistaken. Some testimony about beauty and artistic value can provide a degree of aesthetic justification and, perhaps, even knowledge. That is, there are cases in which one can be justified in making an aesthetic judgment purely on the basis of someone else's testimony. But widespread aesthetic unreliability creates a problem for much aesthetic testimony. Hence, most testimony about art does not have much epistemic value. The situation is somewhat different with respect to aesthetic testimony about nature, proofs, and theories. And yet he realizes clearly that other people's approval in no way provides him with a valid proof by which to judge beauty; even though others may perhaps see and observe for him, and even though what many have seen the same way may serve him, who believes he saw it differently, as a sufficient basis of proof for a theoretical and hence logical judgment, yet the fact that others have liked something can never serve him as a basis for an aesthetic judgment. Immanuel Kant, Critique of Judgment
Metric of a rotating radiating charged mass in a de Sitter space

Abstract A new exact solution of the Einstein-Maxwell equations is presented for a rotating radiating charge mass in a de Sitter cosmological background. This solution is shown to encompass previous results by various authors.
Spin trapping of nitrogen dioxide radical from photolytic decomposition of nitramines

The photochemical (lambda < 400 nm) decomposition of some monocyclic and polycyclic nitramines produces .NO2, which can be detected in the respective nitramine crystals at 77 K by EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance). In solutions of perdeutero-dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO-d6) the .NO2 produced by photolytic decomposition of dissolved nitramines can be spintrapped by the solvent to give a radical having the structure CD3-(SO2)-(NO.)-CD3. In this article, we examine this reaction for two nitramines: cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) and hexanitrohexaazaisowurzitane (HNIW), which are energetic materials. The decay of the spin-adduct radical (I) follows first-order kinetics for both nitramines studied, having a rate constant (k) of congruent to 7.1 x 10(-4) s-1. The net growth in spin concentration of (1) measured from EPR spectra is fitted by a first-order rate equation taking into account the simultaneous competitive decay rate of spin adduct (I). Using the rate data and EPR spin concentration data, the ratio of free .NO2 produced per parent nitramine molecule is estimated as 1:1 for RDX and 4:1 for HNIW. Biological implications of trapping of .NO2 by dimethyl sulfoxide are discussed.
Surgical Resection of a Rare Inflammatory Fibroid Polyp of the Stomach: A Case Review

Inflammatory Fibroid Polyps are uncommon sessile or pedunculated polyploid masses that have been estimated to account for roughly one percent of all gastric polyps. They have been reported throughout the gastrointestinal tract in locations including the stomach, small bowel, colon, and esophagus. We present a rare case of an inflammatory fibroid polyp of the gastric antrum in a 57 year-old patient presenting with occult anemia, which was successfully treated with surgical resection. The diagnosis of an inflammatory fibroid polyp is a difficult one, as clinical presentation is usually non-specific and endoscopy with biopsy specimens may not be sufficient to allow for a histological diagnosis. Diagnosis is best established with immunohistochemistry of the excised tumor. Inflammatory fibroid polyps are positive for CD34, PDGFR-alpha, and vimentin, and are negative for CD-117, and S-100, among others. Once diagnosed, the definitive treatment for inflammatory fibroid polyps is excision. The anatomic location and size of the polyp determine whether the procedure is open or endoscopic. Inflammatory fibroid polyps have not been found to recur after excision, nor have additional polyps been found to develop. doi:10.4021/jcs49w
Glycosylation Effect on Membrane Domain (GEM) Involved in Cell Adhesion and Motility: A Preliminary Note on Functional α3, α5-CD82 Glycosylation Complex in ldlD 14 Cells

Laminin (LN)- or fibronectin (FN)-dependent adhesion in Krieger's ldlD 14 (D14) cells is enhanced significantly in the presence vs absence, of galactose (Gal), whereas LN- or FN-induced haptotactic cell motility is barely affected unless cells express CD82 by its gene transfection (cells termed D14/CD82). The effect of CD82 on LN- or FN-induced motility is based on its ability to associate with alpha3 or alpha5 integrin to form a complex associated with a low-density lipid membrane domain (termed GEM or GSD). Complex formation is greatly affected by N-glycosylation of both integrin and CD82, as well as by concurrent GM3 ganglioside synthesis. The effect of glycosylation on alpha5-CD82 complex was also studied in D14 cells expressing mutant CD82, defective in all three N-glycosylation sites. LN-induced motility was greatly inhibited, whereas FN-induced motility was enhanced, with complete N-glycosylation in D14/CD82 cells in Gal-added medium, whereby alpha5-CD82 complex formation did not occur or occurred at a minimal level. Both LN- and FN-induced motility were inhibited when N-glycosylation was impaired, or N-glycosylation of CD82 was deleted, whereby alpha5-CD82 complex formation occurred strongly. Thus, glycosylation profoundly affects interaction of integrin with CD82, leading to significant inhibition or promotion of cell motility.
Glutamate and neurotrophic factors in neuronal plasticity and disease.

Glutamate’s role as a neurotransmitter at synapses has been known for 40 years, but glutamate has since been shown to regulate neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth, synaptogenesis and neuron survival in the developing and adult mammalian nervous system. Cell surface glutamate receptors are coupled to Ca2+ influx and release from endoplasmic reticulum stores which causes rapid (kinase- and protease-mediated) and delayed (transcription-dependent) responses that change the structure and function of neurons. Neurotrophic factors and glutamate interact to regulate developmental and adult neuroplasticity. For example, glutamate stimulates the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) which, in turn, modifies neuronal glutamate sensitivity, Ca2+ homeostasis and plasticity. Neurotrophic factors may modify glutamate signalling directly, by changing the expression of glutamate receptor subunits and Ca2+-regulating proteins, and also indirectly by inducing the production of antioxidant enzymes, energy-regulating proteins and anti-apoptotic Bcl2 family members. Excessive activation of glutamate receptors, under conditions of oxidative and metabolic stress, may contribute to neuronal dysfunction and degeneration in diseases ranging from stroke and Alzheimer’s disease to psychiatric disorders. By enhancing neurotrophic factor signalling, environmental factors such as exercise and dietary energy restriction, and chemicals such as antidepressants may optimize glutamatergic signalling and protect against neurological disorders.
Radionuclide evaluation of skeletal metastases: Practical considerations

The indications for radionuclide bone scanning to evaluate possible metastatic disease are reviewed. The causes of false-positive and falsenegative interpretations are discussed and illustrated. Since breast cancer leads all malignant tumors in incidence of skeletal metastases found at autopsy, the efficacy of preoperative bone scans in patients with breast cancer is analyzed in detail. A routine preoperative bone scan for patients with Stage I breast cancer produces negligible immediate benefits, but may serve a useful purpose as a baseline to enhance the detection of subtle changes that could represent metastases in a subsequent scan. However, the clinical usefulness of this screening procedure for Stage I disease must be balanced with its cost. Clinical Stage II is a grey area and may include patients with large primary tumors and axillary nodal involvement, implying a greater chance for the occurrence of skeletal metastases and hence a significant yield in bone scans. Patients with clinical Stages III or IV disease have the greatest chance of harboring metastases and should have an extensive diagnostic evaluation including bone scans prior to definitive treatment. Selected radiographs of sites of abnormally increased radionuclide activity and an anteroposterior radiograph of the pelvis should be correlated with the scan to permit a single comprehensive diagnostic impression.
Numerical approximation of nematic liquid crystal flows governed by the Ericksen-Leslie equations

Numerical approximation of the flow of liquid crystals governed by the Ericksen-Leslie equations is considered. Care is taken to develop numerical schemes which inherit the Hamiltonian structure of these equations and associated stability properties. For a large class of material parameters compactness of the discrete solutions is established which guarantees convergence.
Preparation and properties of Fe2P

Abstract The system Fe2−δP, with the Fe2P structure, has been studied where δ varies from 0 to 0.10. The bulk magnetic properties of these phases have been investigated and correlated with deviations in stoichiometry. Fe2P and Fe1.91P have Curie temperatures of 225 and 223°K, respectively; the observed magnetic moment of these materials varied from 1.28μ B Fe atom for Fe1.91P to 1.10μ B Fe atom for Fe2P. The electrical resistivity of single crystal Fe1.91P was measured from 80 to 360°K. Metallic behavior was observed throughout this temperature range. A break in the resistivity curve occurred at 220°K and coincided with the abrupt change in the magnetization curve.
A Simple Microchromatographic Column for Determination of Hemoglobins A1a+b and A1c

A simple microchromatographic homemade column was devised for the measurement of glycosylated minor hemoglobin fractions. the mean and one standard deviation of hemoglobins A1a+b,A1c and A1a+b+c determined by the homemade column in 150 non-diabetic controls and 56 juvenile onset insulin-dependent diabetics were 2.6 + 0.5%, 6.0 + 1.0%, 8.6 + 1.1%, 3.3 + 0.9%, 13.7 + 2.2% and 16.9 + 2.8% respectively. A twofold increase in hemoglobins A1c and A1a+b+c levels was observed in the diabetics as compared to the non-diabetic controls suggesting that the homemade column is valid for the measurement of all three glycosylated hemoglobin fractions and assessment of blood glucose control in diabetic patients. the homemade column procedure yields accurate and reproducible results, is simple to perform, inexpensive, relatively rapid and may be used in the routine clinical laboratory. Hemoglobin A1a+b+c levels measured by a commercial column in 35 non-diabetic controls and in 56 diabetics showed good correlation (R=0.91) ...
Eplerenone: selective aldosterone antagonism in management of cardiovascular and renal disease.

ABSTRACT Objective To review the pharmacology, safety, and efficacy data, as well as therapeutic use of eplerenone (Inspra—Pfizer) for management of cardiovascular and renal disease. Data Sources A Medline search (January 1980–July 2003) was performed using eplerenone, aldosterone, aldosterone antagonist, spironolactone, and other pertinent terms. Additional articles were identified from bibliographies of retrieved articles. Study Selection All retrievable studies and review articles discussing the pharmacology, safety, and efficacy of eplerenone were evaluated. Data Extraction By the authors. Data Synthesis The detrimental role of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular and renal disease has been well documented. Until recently, however, the direct injurious effects of aldosterone on nonclassical tissues such as the brain, heart, and vasculature have been overlooked. Although angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) significantly reduce morbidity and mortality associated with heart disease, preliminary data suggest further benefit with additional aldosterone blockade. The nonselective aldosterone antagonist spironolactone has demonstrated profound morbidity and mortality benefit in heart failure patients, but since its adverse event profile makes it unattractive to patients with milder disease, the need for a selective aldosterone receptor antagonist is evident. Preclinical studies with eplerenone, a recently approved selective aldosterone receptor antagonist, demonstrate a protective effect on nonclassical tissues, thus reducing injury associated with long-term unopposed aldosterone exposure. Early clinical trials with eplerenone have demonstrated additional benefit in hypertension, heart failure, and nephropathy, although long-term morbidity and mortality outcome data in patients with various levels of disease severity are necessary to define the role of eplerenone in current cardiovascular pharmacotherapy. Conclusion Eplerenone offers a new selective approach to optimizing aldosterone blockade. The availability of additional morbidity and mortality outcome data in various cardiovascular conditions will provide further insights into its role in clinical practice.
Surface-induced dissociation of peptide ions in Fourier-transform mass spectrometry.

Peptide molecular ion species up to m/z 3055 introduced into a Fourier-transform mass spectrometer can be made to undergo extensive fragmentation by electrically floating the ion cell. The proportion of ions dissociated increases with increasing voltage, with 48 eV producing the highest absolute abundance of fragment ions above m/z 200. At this energy, spectra closely resemble those from photodissociation at 193 nm, indicating an internal energy deposition of 6–7 eV; change of product abundances with kinetic energy resembles a conventional breakdown curve. The precursor ions apparently are electrostatically attracted to strike screen wires across the ion cell entrance, producing daughter ions of low kinetic energy.
A Remark on Hilbert's Matrix*

We exhibit a Jacobi matrix T which has simple spectrum and integer entries, and commutes with Hilbert’s matrix. As an application we replace the computation of the eigenvectors of Hilbert’s matrix (a very ill-conditioned problem) by the computation of the eigenvectors of T (a nicely stable numerical problem).
Characterization of the Aspergillus nidulans 14-3–3 homologue, ArtA

The 14-3-3 family of proteins function as small adaptors that facilitate a diverse array of cellular processes by mediating specific protein interactions. One such process is the DNA damage checkpoint, where these proteins prevent inappropriate activation of cyclin-dependent kinases. The filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans possesses a highly conserved 14-3-3 homologue (artA) that may function in an analogous manner to prevent septum formation. However, instead of blocking septation, over-expression of artA causes a severe delay in the polarization of conidiospores. This observation suggests that these proteins play an important role in hyphal morphogenesis.
Modeling and Simulation in Counter-Insurgency/Irregular Warfare

Counter-insurgency warfare in the 21st century has morphed from an attrition focus to an explicit, concentrated attempt to capture the support of the general population of the host country. The principal efforts by coalition forces in both Iraq and Afghanistan, for example, are concerned with nation building, infrastructure development and enhancement, reinforcing the effectiveness of national military and police forces to improve population security, and motivating the host population with health, educational and jobs programs. Attrition-oriented activities are more or less restricted to the insurgency leadership. The insurgents, on the other hand, concentrate on terrorizing elements of the population who cooperate with the coalition, producing a steady (albeit small) stream of coalition casualties, and competing for the allegiance of the locals with material subsidies. Since neither side is attempting to reduce the opposition force by attrition, the conflict becomes one of endurance. It is a struggle pitting the allegiance of the host people against the patience of the underlying coalition force domestic population. The other characteristic of 21st century counter-insurgency is that it is increasingly complex with numerous players. An incomplete list is:
Sampling environments containing organic dust

Assessment of airborne organic dust in different environments is necessary to better understand the relationship between exposure and disease. Exposure assessment requires a well-defined sampling strategy which addresses the following questions: Where, how long, who, how many, and when? For assessing exposure to organic dust, the question of “what?” must be included because, in most cases, the specific toxins or appropriate surrogates for exposure have not been identified. For most environments with organic dust, these questions have not been adequately addressed. However, a large database exists for cotton dust. Cotton is used as a model of organic dust to illustrate the application of exposure assessment: 1) to develop a dose-response relationship between aerosolized dust and specific health effects; 2) to evaluate the effects of process change on gravimetric dust levels and for compliance with the cotton dust standard; and 3) to identify specific biologically active components in the dust. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A New Method for Automated Dynamic Calibration of Tipping-Bucket Rain Gauges

Existing methods for dynamic calibration of tipping-bucket rain gauges (TBRs) can be time consuming and labor intensive. A new automated dynamic calibration system has been developed to calibrate TBRs with minimal effort. The system consists of a programmable pump, datalogger, digital balance, and computer. Calibration is performed in two steps: 1) pump calibration and 2) rain gauge calibration. Pump calibration ensures precise control of water flow rates delivered to the rain gauge funnel; rain gauge calibration ensures precise conversion of bucket tip times to actual rainfall rates. Calibration of the pump and one rain gauge for 10 selected pump rates typically requires about 8 h. Data files generated during rain gauge calibration are used to compute rainfall intensities and amounts from a record of bucket tip times collected in the field. The system was tested using 5 types of commercial TBRs (15.2-, 20.3-, and 30.5-cm diameters; 0.1-, 0.2-, and 1.0-mm resolutions) and using 14 TBRs of a single type (20.3-cm diameter; 0.1-mm resolution). Ten pump rates ranging from 3 to 154 mL min21 were used to calibrate the TBRs and represented rainfall rates between 6 and 254 mm h21 depending on the rain gauge diameter. All pump calibration results were very linear with R2 values greater than 0.99. All rain gauges exhibited large nonlinear underestimation errors (between 5% and 29%) that decreased with increasing rain gauge resolution and increased with increasing rainfall rate, especially for rates greater than 50 mm h21. Calibration curves of bucket tip time against the reciprocal of the true pump rate for all rain gauges also were linear with R2 values of 0.99. Calibration data for the 14 rain gauges of the same type were very similar, as indicated by slope values that were within 14% of each other and ranged from about 367 to 417 s mm h21. The developed system can calibrate TBRs efficiently, accurately, and virtually unattended and could be modified for use with other rain gauge designs. The system is now in routine use to calibrate TBRs in a large rainfall collection network at Yucca Mountain, Nevada.
Selecting Instruments for Identifying Gifted and Talented Students.

Proponents of the American educational system deliberately and frequently seek to evaluate the aptitudes and traits of students in an effort to provide educational opportunities consistent with the identified traits and aptitudes. As a result of these evaluations, the tests administered in schools have great impact upon the lives of students. Linden and Linden (1968) suggested that the students’ concepts of self and their motivations, as well as others’ perceptions of students, are affected by test results.
Long chains of Hausdorff topological group topologies

Abstract Comfort, W.W. and D. Remus, Long chains of Hausdorff topological group topologies, Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra 70 (1991) 53-72. For certain classes 4 of topological group topologies on a group G, we determine those cardinals B which arise as the length of a chain in 4. We show, for example, that if G is Abelian with /Cl =IY?W and 4 is either the class B of totally bounded (=pre-compact and Hausdorff) topological group topologies for G or the class &’ of non-totally bounded topological group topologies for G, then there is a chain 0 in 4 such that lP/ =2(a’). The same conclusions hold when G is a free group of cardinality c( and 4 = B. Introduction The symbols a, p, y, K and A denote infinite cardinal numbers, and o is the least infinite cardinal number. The symbols c and q denote ordinal numbers. The sym- bols m and QJ denote respectively the class of all infinite cardinal numbers and the class of all ordinal numbers. As usual for . The least cardinal greater than K is written K’. The continuum hypothesis [CH] is the statement W’ = 2w, and [GCH] is the statement that K’ = 2’( for all
The Impact of ENSO on Atmospheric Intraseasonal Variability as Inferred from Observations and GCM Simulations

Abstract The impact of the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the atmospheric intraseasonal variability in the North Pacific is assessed, with emphasis on how ENSO modulates midlatitude circulation anomalies associated with the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) in the Tropics and the westward-traveling patterns (WTP) in high latitudes. The database for this study consists of the output of a general circulation model (GCM) experiment subjected to temporally varying sea surface temperature (SST) forcing in the tropical Pacific, and observational reanalysis products. Diagnosis of the GCM experiment indicates a key region in the North Pacific over which the year-to-year variation of intraseasonal activity is sensitive to the SST conditions in the Tropics. In both the simulated and observed atmospheres, the development phase of the dominant circulation anomaly in this region is characterized by incoming wave activity from northeast Asia and the subtropical western Pacific. Southeastward dispersion from the N...
HELIX-HELIX INTERACTIONS IN LIPID BILAYERS

Using a continuum model, we calculated the electrostatic interaction free energy between two alpha-helices in three environments: the aqueous phase, a low dielectric alkane phase, and a simple representation of a lipid bilayer. As was found in previous work, helix-helix interactions in the aqueous phase are quite weak, because of solvent screening, and slightly repulsive, because of desolvation effects that accompany helix assembly. In contrast, the interactions can be quite strong in a hypothetical alkane phase because desolvation effects are essentially nonexistent and because helix-helix interactions are not well screened. In this type of environment, the antiparallel helix orientation is strongly favored over the parallel orientation. In previous work we found that the free energy penalty associated with burying helix termini in a bilayer is quite high, which is why the termini tend to protrude into the solvent. Under these conditions the electrostatic interaction is strongly screened by solvent; indeed, it is sufficient for the termini to protrude a few angstroms from the two surfaces of the bilayer for their interaction to diminish almost completely. The effect is consistent with the classical model of the helix dipole in which the dipole moment is represented by point charges located at either terminus. Our results suggest, in agreement with previous models, that there is no significant nonspecific driving force for helix aggregation and, hence, that membrane protein folding must be driven by specific interactions such as close packing and salt-bridge and hydrogen bond formation.
Throughput analysis in wireless networks with multiple users and multiple channels

We consider the problem of maximizing throughput in a multi-carrier wireless network that employs predictive link adaptation. We explicitly consider the time-penalty incurred due to link adaptation. The contributions of this paper are twofold. Firstly, several high performance algorithms (offline and online) are developed for efficient performance in multiple user and multiple channel environment under the practicable lookahead prediction of one time slot. Secondly, the presented algorithms and heuristics are shown to be competitive by deterministic and probabilistic analyses. Our results show that a modest consumption of resources for channel prediction and link adaptation may result in a significant throughput improvement.
Effect of age on nuclear triiodothyronine receptors in circulating human lymphocytes

Increasing age in both animals and man has been associated with various alterations in thyroid hormone economy. This study reports no difference in either serum T3, serum T4, or lymphocyte membrane receptor number or affinity in healthy men of increasing age.
Monte Carlo simulations of the water vapor plumes on Enceladus

Abstract Monte Carlo simulations are used to model the July 14, 2005 UVIS stellar occultation observations of the water vapor plumes on Enceladus. These simulations indicate that the observations can be best fit if the water molecules ejected along the Tiger Stripes in the South Polar region of Enceladus have a vertical surface velocity of 300–500 m/s at the surface. The high surface velocity suggests that the plumes on Enceladus originate from some depth beneath the surface. The total escape rate of water molecules is 4 – 6 × 10 27 s −1 , or 120–180 kg/s, consistent with previous works, and more than 100 times the estimated mass escape rate for ice particles. The average deposition rate in the South Polar region is on the order of 1011 cm−2 s−1, yielding a resurfacing rate as high as 3 × 10 −4 cm / yr . The globally averaged deposition rate of water molecules is about one order of magnitude lower.
rf Capacitive coupling with efficient gated trapping in internal matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance

A method to combine gated trapping and capacitive coupling into a single experiment is reported. This is achieved with a circuit that allows isolation of the electronic network that gates the trapping voltage from the circuit that enables capacitive coupling of the rf excitation signal to the trapping plates. When the capacitive coupling network is not isolated from the gated trapping network, the trapping voltage changes occur on a 100 µs or longer timescale, which is incompatible with efficient capture of ions formed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization. Isolation of the two networks allows the trapping voltage to be gated with less than a 10 µs risetime. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated by a set of experiments carried out with and without the benefit of the isolation of capacitive coupling from gated trapping.
The psychotic patient.

The primary care physician is increasingly important in the delivery of mental health services in the primary care setting. A review of investigations from several decades reveals that mental disorders are present in approximately 25% of primary care patients. [24] Primary care practices serve as the de facto hidden mental health network, providing the sole contact for over 50% of patients with mental illness. [21] Overall, approximately 60% to 70% of patients with anxiety, mood, somatoform, chemical dependency, and psychotic disorders are seen within the primary care setting. [25] Psychotic disorders occur in about 1% of patients in the primary care setting [14] and 3% in the general population. [20] This rate is lower than rates for depression (5%-10%), general anxiety disorder (1.6%-11.9%), panic disorder (1.6%-11%), alcohol disorders (5%-15%), other substance disorders (5.0%-7.1%), somatization disorder (2%-3%), and hypochondriasis (0.5%-6.3%). [13] At least 30% of patients with a psychotic disorder are treated in the primary care setting, [20] and in recent years, this may have increased. These patients have significantly decreased quality of life, capacity to work, and ability to maintain relationships. Patients with a psychotic disorder commit suicide at a rate of 10%. [19]
Combining Structural Forms in the Search for Policy Tools: Incident Command Systems in U.S. Crisis Management

As governments search for policy tools to deliver public services, two choices—hierarchy or network—are portrayed as stark alternatives. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security has adopted a practitioner-based innovation known as the Incident Command System (ICS) that assumes that crises require a network of responders, but that these networks should be managed by a hierarchy. While the ICS illustrates the potential for mixing hierarchies and networks, it was mandated by policymakers willing to make broad assumptions about the applicability of the ICS on limited evidence. An overdependence on practitioner claims displaced careful analysis of the underlying logics vital to understanding the operation of the policy tool. A case study of the ICS in managing an exotic animal disease outbreak points to the importance of crisis characteristics and management factors as contingencies affecting the operation of the ICS.
EFFECT OF INDOLES AND IMIDAZOLES, INCLUDING SEROTONIN AND HISTAMINE, ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION OF GUINEA PIG LIVER MITOCHONDRIA.

Effect of Indoles and Imidazoles, Including Serotonin and Histamine, on the Morphology and Oxidative Phosphorylation of Guinea Pig Liver Mitochondria
Stress, Coping, and Social Support in Hypothetically Psychosis-Prone Subjects:

This paper examined stress processes in hypothetically psychosis-prone individuals. Subjects scoring high on Perceptual Aberration/Magical Ideation (Per-Mag subjects), Anhedonia, and low-scoring co...
Modern and Traditional Medicine: The Case of Mali

Excerpt Mali is a large land-locked country in the center of West Africa. It covers 464 873 square miles, about the size of California and Texas combined. Most of the estimated 6.3 million populati...
A long range sexual reproduction process

Abstract We describe a long range growth model with sexual reproduction on e Z in which particles die at rate 1 and pairs of adjacent particles produce offspring at rate λ. The offspring is sent to a site chosen at random from the neighborhood of the parent particles. If the site is already occupied, the birth is suppressed, that is, we allow at most one particle per site. The size of the neighborhood increases as e tends to 0. We investigate the behavior for small e. In the limit as e → 0, the particle density evolves according to an integro-differential equation which has traveling wave solutions whose wave speed is a nondecreasing function of λ. We compare the system for small e with the limiting system and discuss phase transition. We show that the behavior of the particle system for sufficiently small e is similar to the behavior of the limiting system. That is, if λ is sufficiently small so that the wave speed of the traveling wave of the limiting equation is negative, then, for small enough e, the pointmass at the all-empty configuration is the only stable equilibrium. If λ is large enough, so that the wave speed of the traveling wave of the limiting equation is positive, them, for small enough e, the system has a positive probability of survival, that is, in addition to the pointmass at the all-empty configuration, there is a nontrivial equilibrium. Not predicted by the limiting system, there is a range of values of λ for which the all-empty configuration is the only stable equilibrium but for which the particle system exhibits metastable bahavior.
Clouds, aerosols, and photochemistry in the Jovian atmosphere

An assessment is made of the development status of concepts for cloud and aerosol compositions, vertical and horizontal distributions, and microphysical properties, in the Jovian upper troposphere and stratosphere. Attention is given to several key photochemical species' relationships to aerosol formation as well as their transport process implications, treating photochemistry in the context of comparative planetology and noting differences and similarities among the outer planet atmospheres; since this approach emphasizes observational data, a variegated assortment of ground-based and spacecraft observations is assembled. Current views on the tropospheric distribution of clouds are challenged, and a rationale is presented for alternative accounts.
Photorefractive-based adaptive optical windows

Optical windows have been widely used in optical spectrographic processing system. In this paper, various window profiles, such as rectangular, triangular, Hamming, Hanning, and Blackman etc., have been investigated in detail, regarding their effect on the generated spectrograms, such as joint time-frequency resolution ΔtΔw, the sidelobe amplitude attenuation etc.. All of these windows can be synthesized in a photorefractive crystal by angular multiplexing holographic technique, which renders the system more adaptive. Experimental results are provided.
A Deep Look at the Emission-Line Nebula in Abell 2597

The close correlation between cooling flows and emission-line nebulae in clusters of galaxies has been recognized for over a decade and a half, but the physical reason for this connection remains unclear. Here we present deep optical spectra of the nebula in Abell 2597, one of the nearest strong cooling-flow clusters. These spectra reveal the density, temperature, and metal abundances of the line-emitting gas. The abundances are roughly half-solar, and dust produces an extinction of at least a magnitude in V. The absence of [O III] ?4363 emission rules out shocks as a major ionizing mechanism, and the weakness of He II ?4686 rules out a hard ionizing source, such as an active galactic nucleus or cooling intracluster gas. Hot stars are therefore the best candidate for producing the ionization. However, even the hottest O stars cannot power a nebula as hot as the one we see. Some other nonionizing source of heat appears to contribute a comparable amount of power. We show that the energy flux from a confining medium can become important when the ionization level of a nebula drops to the low levels seen in cooling-flow nebulae. We suggest that this kind of phenomenon, in which energy fluxes from the surrounding medium augment photoelectric heating, might be the common feature underlying the diverse group of objects classified as LINERS.
Psychometric properties of the Pyramids and Palm Trees Test

The Pyramids and Palm Trees Test (PPT) is a nonverbal measure of semantic memory that has been frequently used in previous aphasia, agnosia, and dementia research. Very little psychometric information regarding the PPT is available. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the PPT in a population of healthy college students. Results indicated that the PPT achieved poor test-retest reliability, failed to obtain adequate internal consistency, and demonstrated poor convergent validity, but showed acceptable discriminant validity. The results of this study suggest that the PPT lacks acceptable reliability and validity for use with a college student population.
Alternans of the ST Segment and T Wave. A Sign of Electrical Instability in Prinzmetal's Angina

A sign of electrical instability in Prinzmetal's angina. In an effort to determine the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias associated with ST segment alternans. the potterns of ST segment and T-wave electrical alternans (STEA) were analyzed in 93 patients during spontaneous Prinzmetal's angina. Twenty-eight of 93 patients, or 30% (Group I), showed STEA during episodes of ST segment elevation. Sixty-five of 93 patients, or 70% (Group II), showed no alternans during episodes of ST segment elevation. In Group I, ventricular arrhythmias, defined as all ventricular ectopic activity greater than 5 beats per minute and complex Lown grades III to V, occurred during 52 of 55 episodes, or 95%; whereas in Group II, ventricular arrhythmias occurred in only 51 of 125 episodes, or 41% (p < 0.01). The difference in the incidence of ventricular fibrillation (VF) or ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the two groups was more striking, VT or VF occurred in 20 of 55 in Group I (36%) versus 5 of 125 in Group II (47%). Although there were no significant differences in age or sex between Group I and II patients, there was a significant difference in the magnitude of the maximum ST segment elevation (5 mm in Group I versus 3 mm in Group II, p < 0.01). This study demonstrates that the occurrence of STEA and T wave alternans frequently heralds the onset of ventricular arrhythmias in Prinzmetal's angina. Both the arrhythmias and the alternans occur during the time of maximal ST segment elevation. (PAGE, Vol. 5, May-June, 1982)
Large-signal photoconductivity in semiconductors

Abstract A simple formulation based on only particle conservation, continuity of occupation of imperfection levels, and continuity of free carriers, is applied to several large signal photoconductivity problems in semiconductors with isolated imperfections with discrete energy levels. The validity of the method is demonstrated by comparison with a variety of large signal predictions of the Shockley-Read recombination model. The model is then applied to several problems of interest: (1) the lifetime expected for two competing recombination centers, (2) the phenomenon of superlinearity of majority carriers encountered in two and three center models, and (3) the effect of several different trap distributions on superlinearity and the expected light intensity dependence of photoconductivity.
Is the Past a Foreign Country?: Time, Language Origins, and the Nation in Early Modern Spain

Theorists such as Benedict Anderson have associated the development of a historicized sense of time, in contrast to an atemporal messianic time, with epochal social changes, in particular the emergence of the nation. This article discovers the two contrasting senses of time in a 17th-century controversy over the origin of the Spanish language. The competing views of the past in the Spanish debate underpinned different visions not only of language but of humanity, progress, and nation. Anderson's claims about historicism and the origin of the nation construct are reconsidered in light of this case. It is argued that, pace Anderson, national consciousness was present in early modern Spain, and it rested on messianic as much as historicized time.
Zeta phosphorylation without ZAP-70 activation induced by TCR antagonists or partial agonists

Small changes in the peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule ligands recognized by antigen-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) can convert fully activating complexes into partially activating or even inhibitory ones. This study examined early TCR-dependent signals induced by such partial agonists or antagonists. In contrast to typical agonist ligands, both an antagonist and several partial agonists stimulated a distinct pattern of zeta chain phosphorylation and failed to activate associated ZAP-70 kinase. These results identify a specific step in the early tyrosine phosphorylation cascade that is altered after TCR engagement with modified peptide-MHC molecule complexes. This finding may explain the different biological responses to TCR occupancy by these variant ligands.
Speech processing using higher order statistics

The potential use of third-order statistics (TOS) in speech processing applications is examined. A source-system speech representation and analysis algorithm is considered. It computes the autoregressive (AR) parameters of speech from its third-order cumulants. The TOS-based AR estimates are compared with those obtained using second order statistics. Results are given voiced and unvoiced speech segments which are corrupted by additive Gaussian noise. The TOS-based AR estimation algorithm is also used to estimate the parameters of the short-term prediction filter of a code excited linear prediction (CELP) algorithm. >
Can we cope with the distortion of decentralized cooperative schemes

In randomized cooperative transmission, relay nodes transmit a random linear combination of a space-time code (STC), to realize MISO gains at the end receiver without prior coordination of relays. Unlike selective cooperative combining schemes, the channel estimation and tracking becomes inherently much more challenging, due the fact that each radio has its own local oscillator, clock, propagation and processing delay, and multiple of them will be normally cooperating at unison. In this paper we show that the new class of channel estimators, that are based on compressed sensing models, can retain much of the diversity gain that the codes are theoretically designed to harvest when the channel is ideally known. This is in contrast with standard schemes for linear equalization, which fail to compensate for the channel distortion in the presence of realistic amounts of asynchrony and channel dispersion. The contribution of this paper is a semi-analytical performance evaluation that leads to the insightful comparison of the receiver architectures.
Different differences: The use of ‘genetic ancestry’ versus race in biomedical human genetic research

This article presents findings from our ethnographic research on biomedical scientists’ studies of human genetic variation and common complex disease. We examine the socio-material work involved in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and discuss whether, how, and when notions of race and ethnicity are or are not used. We analyze how researchers produce simultaneously different kinds of populations and population differences. Although many geneticists use race in their analyses, we find some who have invented a statistical genetics method and associated software that they use specifically to avoid using categories of race in their genetics analysis. Their method allows them to operationalize their concept of ‘genetic ancestry’ without resorting to notions of race and ethnicity. We focus on the construction and implementation of the software’s algorithms, and discuss the consequences and implications of the software technology for debates and policies around the use of race in genetics research. We also demonstrate that the production and use of their method involves a dynamic and fluid assemblage of actors in various disciplines responding to disciplinary and sociopolitical contexts and concerns. This assemblage also includes particular discourses on human history and geography as they become entangled with research on genetic markers and disease. We introduce the concept of ‘genome geography’, to analyze how some researchers studying human genetic variation ‘locate’ stretches of DNA in different places and times. The concept of genetic ancestry and the practice of genome geography rely on old discourses, but they also incorporate new technologies, infrastructures, and political and scientific commitments. Some of these new technologies provide opportunities to change some of our institutional and cultural forms and frames around notions of difference and similarity. Neverthless, we also highlight the slipperiness of genome geography and the tenacity of race and race concepts.
Lifetime maximization in mobile sensor networks with energy harvesting

This paper investigates mobility strategies of mobile robots to improve the lifetime of a mobile sensor network with energy harvesting capability. The network lifetime problem is formulated as a nonlinear non-convex optimization problem, which is solved distributively by a series of convex approximations and a novel saddle-point computation algorithm. The convergence of the proposed method is guaranteed. Computer simulations showed quick convergence to the optimal solution in most cases, and verified the use of mobility for energy efficiency by showing its significant improvement to the network lifetime and relatively low cost in mobility.
Membranes and cancer chemotherapy.

(1988). Membranes and Cancer Chemotherapy. Cancer Investigation: Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 439-451.
Dangers of using radiolucent dental materials.

It is not uncommon for dental patients to inadvertently swallow radiolucent dental materials. Usually, they pass through the gastrointestinal tract without difficulty, but objects can become impacted. Acrylic resins should be made radiopaque by using a special radiopaque resin.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protease Inhibitors Block Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2)- and TLR4-Induced NF-κB Activation

Coinfections with opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria induce human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication through microbial antigen activation of NF-κB. Here, we assessed whether HIV type 1 protease inhibitors (PI) block microbial antigen activation of NF-κB. Human microvessel endothelial cells were transiently transfected with either endothelial cell-leukocyte adhesion molecule NF-κB luciferase or interleukin 6 (IL-6) promoter luciferase constructs by using FuGENE 6, and they were treated with PI (nelfinavir, ritonavir, or saquinavir) prior to stimulation with the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2 ligands, with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), soluble Mycobacterium tuberculosis factor, or Staphylococcus epidermidis phenol-soluble modulin, respectively, or with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Luciferase activity was measured by using a Promega luciferase kit. TNF-α release from the supernatant was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell death was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase assay. We observed that PI pretreatment blocked the TLR2- and TLR4- as well as the TNF-α-mediated NF-κB activation, in a dose-dependent manner. PI pretreatment also blocked the LPS-induced IL-6 promoter transactivation and TNF-α secretion. These data suggest that PI block HIV replication not only by inhibiting the HIV protease but also by blocking the TLR- and TNF-α-mediated NF-κB activation and proinflammatory cytokine production. These findings may help explain the immunomodulatory effects of PI, and they suggest an advantage for PI-containing drug regimens in the treatment of HIV-infected patients who are coinfected with opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria.
Wing web or intravenous inoculation of chickens with v-src DNA induces visceral sarcomas

Abstract We have previously found that sarcomas localized to visceral organs frequently arise following wing web inoculation of Rous sarcoma virus. This observation prompted an investigation of whether visceral sarcomas are also inducible by wing web inoculation of a subgenomic viral DNA fragment (v- src DNA) that includes v- src but lacks genes encoding viral structural protein. For this analysis, line SC chickens were inoculated with v- src DNA at 1–2 days posthatch and monitored for 9 weeks. Ninety percent of the chickens developed wing web (primary) tumors at the site of inoculation and, of these, about 30% exhibited visceral tumors. All tumors were histologically identifiable as sarcomas, and both the primary and visceral sarcoma cells were specifically reactive with two monoclonal antibodies elicited to different peptide fragments of pp60 v- src . In a separate set of experiments, visceral sarcomas were also observed in about half of the line SC chickens that had been inoculated intravenously with v- src DNA. These results indicate that exogenous progeny virus production is not required for v- src -induced, visceral sarcoma formation. In addition, they demonstrate that intravenous inoculation of v- src DNA is a means to achieve rapid and widespread, disseminated sarcoma growth.