cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emergent Uncovering Psychotherapy: The Use of Imagoic and Linguistic Vehicles in Objectifying Psychodynamic Processes

Spontaneous visual imagery does not characteristically occur in an interpersonal relationship; hypnogogic and hypnopompic images, nocturnal dreams, daydreams, fantasies, and hallucinations are private events. Spontaneous visual imagery is unpredictable and idiosyncratic and, therefore, irrelevant to the purposes of most interpersonal relations. As we shall see, spontaneous visual imagery has aversive properties both in an interpersonal relationship and in one’s private ruminations. In the former, it undercuts the self-protective function of security operations whereas in the latter it is a ready vehicle for the gratification of anxiety-producing unfulfilled needs and the depiction of repressed impulses.
The Boundary-Value Problem

The simplest frictionless contact problem of the class defined by equations (29.3–29.6) is that in which the contact area A is the circle 0 < r < a and the indenter is axisymmetric, in which case we have to determine a harmonic function φ(r, z) to satisfy the mixed boundary conditions $$\frac{{\partial \varphi }}{{\partial z}} = - \frac{\mu }{{(1 - v)}}u_0 (r);0 \le r < a,z = 0$$ (30.1) $$\frac{{\partial ^2 \varphi }}{{\partial z^2 }} = 0;r > a,z = 0.$$ (30.2)
Immune tolerance therapy for factor VIII inhibitors: moving from empiricism to an evidence‐based approach

Currently, the only proven strategy for achieving antigen-specific tolerance to factor VIII (FVIII) is immune tolerance induction (ITI) therapy. This paper discusses our current knowledge of the host and treatment factors, as well as supportive care initiatives, known or suspected to influence the outcome of ITI in the treatment of inhibitors arising in patients with severe hemophilia A. Among these, questions surrounding the choice of therapeutic product and/or dosing regimen generate the most controversy, given the lack of a definitive evidence-based approach to either. Furthermore, the potential for central venous access device (CVAD) and intercurrent bleeding complications to impact the ultimate success of ITI remains unclear. The ongoing clinical trials designed to further clarify several of these polarizing issues are reviewed. This paper also explores the current and future role of immune modulation in possible salvage, ancillary or primary alternative tolerance induction strategies. The special cases of low titer/ responding inhibitors and inhibitors developing in mild hemophilia A patients are considered. Finally, this paper summarizes the currently recommended approach to ITI and makes the case for a move from empiric therapeutics to a risk-stratified evidence-based approach to FVIII inhibitor eradication.
Louisiana Tax Sales: A Mystery Unraveled

Louisiana tax sales do not purport to sell property, transfer ownership, or affect any substantial property rights. However, the esoteric nature of tax sales combined with the ambiguity of and conflict between tax-sale statutes and the state constitution has built the foundation for disaster. A particular problem has arisen in Louisiana, because the courts are declaring tax sales absolute nullities, as in Smitko v. Gulf South Shrimp, citing violations of United States Constitutional Due Process due to a lack of notice instead of the constitutionally and statutorily permitted relative nullities. These declarations rely on United States Supreme Court decisions that arose from tax-sale issues in states such as New York (Mullane v. Cent. Hanover Bank & Trust Co.), Indiana (Mennonite Bd. of Missions v. Adams), and Arkansas (Jones v. Flowers), all of which use a type of forfeiture proceeding. Treating Louisiana’s tax-sale process like another state’s forfeiture proceeding has crippled the ability of Louisiana’s tax-collecting entities to maintain property in the stream of commerce and effectively collect taxes. Constitutional Due Process calls for notice only when a property interest is significantly affected. In Louisiana, a property interest cannot be said to be affected until long after the tax sale, either at the end of the three-year redemptive period or later still when the tax purchaser files writs for a judgment to quiet title. Therefore, the courts should not be declaring the tax sales absolute nullities; instead, the courts should declare the post-redemptive-period judgments that actually affect a property interest null and void. Using inapplicable case law in Louisiana tax sale cases has also placed an insurmountable burden on tax collecting entities while simultaneously crafting a scheme for property owners to freely dodge property taxes and related notices without consequence.
The dynamics of income-related health inequality among American children.

SUMMARY We estimate and decompose income-related inequality in child health in the USA and analyze its dynamics using the recently introduced health mobility index. Data come from the 1997, 2002, and 2007 waves of the Child Development Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. The findings show that income-related child health inequality remains stable as children grow up and enter adolescence. The main factor underlying income-related child health inequality is income itself, although other factors, such as maternal education, also play a role. Decomposition of income-related health mobility indicates that health changes over time are more favorable to children with lower initial family incomes versus children with higher initial family incomes. However, offsetting this effect, our findings also suggest that changes in income ranking over time are positively related to children's subsequent health status. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative study of DC circuit breakers using realtime simulations

One of the main limitations in using high voltage and medium voltage DC grids is the issues related to the current-limiting devices and circuit breakers. These devices should be able to handle large currents in the normal operation condition and block high DC currents in a few microseconds in the case of DC faults. Moreover, they are required to dissipate huge amounts of energy stored in the transmission line inductances. In this paper, four configurations of DC circuit breakers from three general groups are evaluated and the results are compared in terms of the time required by the breakers to interrupt the current, maximum DC breaking current, rated voltage, efficiency and current state of development. The performance of DC circuit breakers is evaluated when a line to ground DC fault happens in a 9 module/2 terminal DC system. Simulation results were obtained using Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) and PSCAD.
Computer Applications in Balancing Chemical Equations.

Computer-based approaches to balancing chemical equations are discussed. Out of 13 methods surveyed, 6 are based on matrix, 2 are interactive programs, 1 is a stand alone system, 1 is developed in algorithm in Basic, 1 is based on design engineering, 1 is written in HyperCard, and 1 prepared for the World Wide Web. Features in addition to balancing chemical equations include the following: solve possible reactions from a list of molecules and ions, determine the number of independent chemical reactions, calculate yields, predict mass relationships, and balance rare reactions. Research and development issues are addressed.
Has the New Aid for Trade Agenda been Export Effective? Evidence on the Impact of US AfT Allocations 1999–2008

After a decade of Aid for Trade (AfT) allocations, we can now begin to assess whether this new development strategy has been effective. Focusing on the short-term goal of export growth, we examine whether AfT from the US government promoted exports within recipient national economies over the period 1999–2008. Our results suggest that a $1 dollar increase in total US AfT has been associated with about a $69 increase in recipient exports 2 years later. We also show that the export effect of US AfT has not been confined to the US market and is driven primarily by exports to the rest of the world. In addition, we show that US AfT has been effective in reaching more needy countries as the substantive effect of US aid for trade has been larger in lesser-developed, landlocked, and more distant recipient countries.
Post-secondary access for individuals with psychological disabilities: an analysis of federal rulings and institutional philosophies, policies, and practices

OF THE DISSERTATION POST-SECONDARY ACCESS FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL DISABILITIES: AN ANALYSIS OF FEDERAL RULINGS AND INSTITUTIONAL PHILOSOPHIES, POLICIES, AND PRACTICES by John Edwards Chaffin Florida International University, 1998 Miami, Florida Professor Charles Divita, Jr., Major Professor This study was a qualitative investigation, with demographic quantitative features, of post-secondary educational access and legal guidelines for individuals with psychological disabilities. Although disability laws have positively influenced post-secondary educational attitudes and practices relative to accommodating many individuals with disabilities, prevailing stigmas regarding mental illness have discouraged the equal access to higher education for individuals with psychological disabilities. Little research concentrating on this area was found.
Spatial distribution of opsin-encoding mRNAs in the tiered larval retinas of the sunburst diving beetle Thermonectus marmoratus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)

Larvae of the sunburst diving beetle, Thermonectus marmoratus, have a cluster of six stemmata (E1-6) and one eye patch on each side of the head. Each eye has two retinas: a distal retina that is closer to the lens, and a proximal retina that lies directly underneath. The distal retinas of E1 and E2 are made of a dorsal and a ventral stack of at least twelve photoreceptor layers. Could this arrangement be used to compensate for lens chromatic aberration, with shorter wavelengths detected by the distal layers and longer wavelengths by the proximal layers? To answer this question we molecularly identified opsins and their expression patterns in these eyes. We found three opsin-encoding genes. The distal retinas of all six eyes express long-wavelength opsin (TmLW) mRNA, whereas the proximal retinas express ultraviolet opsin (TmUV I) mRNA. In the proximal retinas of E1 and E2, the TmUV I mRNA is expressed only in the dorsal stack. A second ultraviolet opsin mRNA (TmUV II), is expressed in the proximal retinas of E1 and E2 (both stacks). The finding that longer-wavelength opsins are expressed distally to shorter-wavelength opsins makes it unlikely that this retinal arrangement is used to compensate for lens chromatic aberration. In addition, we also described opsin expression patterns in the medial retina of E1 and in the non-tiered retina of the lensless eye patch. To our knowledge, this is also the first report of multiple UV opsins being expressed in the same stemma.
Role of the Arabidopsis CBF transcriptional activators in cold acclimation

Many plants increase in freezing tolerance upon exposure to low nonfreezing temperatures, a phenomenon known as cold acclimation. A fundamental goal of cold acclimation research is to identify genes with key roles in this response. Here we review results from our laboratory regarding the discovery of a family of transcriptional activators in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) that regulates the expression of freezing tolerance genes. Specifically, we have identified 3 genes that encode nearly identical transcriptional activators that bind to the CRT (C-repeat)/DRE (dehydration responsive element) DNA regulatory element present in the promoters of many cold- and drought-inducible genes, including those designated COR (cold-regulated). These regulatory genes, CBF1, CBF2 and CBF3 (CRT/DRE binding factor), are located in tandem array on chromosome 4. Overexpression of the CBF genes in Arabidopsis induces expression of the entire battery of known COR genes and increases freezing tolerance without a low temperature stimulus. We have, therefore, proposed that the CBF genes are ‘master switches’ that activate a regulon of genes involved in cold acclimation. Significantly, the CBF genes themselves are responsive to low temperature; the levels of CBF transcripts begin increasing within 15 min of transferring plants to low temperature followed by accumulation of COR gene transcripts at 2–4 h. The CBF genes do not appear to be subject to autoregulation as the promoter regions have no evident CRT/DRE elements and overexpression of CBF1 does not induce expression of CBF3. Thus, we have suggested that COR gene induction involves a two-step cascade of transcriptional activators: the first step, CBF induction, involving an unknown activator present at normal growth temperature and the second step, COR gene induction, involving the action of the CBF activators.
Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation of the Knee in the Pediatric and Adolescent Population

Background:Multiple studies in adults have shown that osteochondral allograft transplantation is an effective treatment option for large chondral and osteochondral defects of the knee. Limited outcome data are available on osteochondral allografts in the pediatric and adolescent patient populations.Purpose:To describe a 28-year experience with osteochondral allograft transplantation in patients younger than 18 years with a focus on subjective outcome measures, return to activities, and allograft survivorship.Study Design:Case series; Level of evidence, 4.Methods:A total of 39 patients (43 knees) underwent fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation for treatment of chondral and osteochondral lesions. Twenty-six male and 17 female knees with a mean age of 16.4 years (range, 11.0-17.9 years) at index surgery were followed-up at a mean of 8.4 years (range, 1.7-27.1 years). Thirty-four knees (79%) had at least 1 previous surgery. The most common underlying causes of the lesions were osteochondritis dissecan...
Evolution of division of labor in genetically homogenous groups

Within nature, the success of many organisms, including certain species of insects, mammals, slime molds, and bacteria, is attributed to their performance of division of labor, where individuals specialize on specific roles and cooperate to survive. The evolution of division of labor is challenging to study because of the slow pace of biological evolution and imperfect historical data. In this paper, we use digital evolution to evolve groups of clonal organisms that exhibit division of labor. We then investigate what mechanisms they use to perform division of labor (i.e., location awareness or communication) and discover that it varies according to the type of roles being performed. Lastly, we created an environment where groups of organisms needed to complete a set of tasks, but could do so as either generalists or specialists. We varied the costs of switching tasks and determined that increased costs can result in the evolution of division of labor. Moreover, a group used as a case study exhibited both division of labor and cooperative problem decomposition, where members of the group shared partial solutions to solve the full set of problems. This approach has the potential to inform predictions in biological studies, as well as achieving division of labor when using evolutionary computation to solve more complex engineering problems.
Forecast Research of Combustion Stability of Pulverized Coal

The combustion stability of pulverized coal is very essential for utility boilers. That is the key issue to keep the operation of the whole power-generation unit in a safe state. The amount of volatile matter is used to anticipate the combustion state of pulverized coal. As a widely accepted concept, higher volatile matter content would result in more stable combustion state. But in some cases, the coal with high volatile matter content led to poor combustion states, even resulted in the flameout of the burner. More method is needed to judge the coal and to predict the combustion stability. With research on the approximate analysis of the coal composition, the heat value of volatile matter was calculated. Such heat value varies obviously for different kinds of coal. The ratio of the heat value of volatile matter to the heat value of fixed carbon is supposed to describe the combustion stability of pulverized coal. The application of the method judges the coal better than using the amount of volatile matter alone.
Mechanism of Gibberellin-Dependent Stem Elongation in Peas

Stem elongation in peas (Pisum sativum L.) is under partial control by gibberellins, yet the mechanism of such control is uncertain. In this study, we examined the cellular and physical properties that govern stem elongation, to determine how gibberellins influence pea stem growth. Stem elongation of etiolated seedlings was retarded with uniconozol, a gibberellin synthesis inhibitor, and the growth retardation was reversed by exogenous gibberellin. Using the pressure probe and vapor pressure osmometry, we found little effect of uniconozol and gibberellin on cell turgor pressure or osmotic pressure. In contrast, these treatments had major effects on in vivo stress relaxation, measured by turgor relaxation and pressure-block techniques. Uniconozol-treated plants exhibited reduced wall relaxation (both initial rate and total amount). The results show that growth retardation is effected via a reduction in the wall yield coefficient and an increase in the yield threshold. These effects were largely reversed by exogenous gibberellin. When we measured the mechanical characteristics of the wall by stress/strain (Instron) analysis, we found only minor effects of uniconozol and gibberellin on the plastic compliance. This observation indicates that these agents did not alter wall expansion through effects on the mechanical (viscoelastic) properties of the wall. Our results suggest that wall expansion in peas is better viewed as a chemorheological, rather than a viscoelastic, process.
An inverse diffraction method for mapping the deterministic structure of ionospheric scintillations from one frequency to another

To predict the impact of ionospheric scintillations on communications, navigation, and space radar systems it can be useful to simulate the RF conditions under which these systems must operate. Several beacon satellites currently in orbit broadcast radio signals that can be monitored by receivers on the ground to specify scintillations at one or more frequencies. In this paper, we present an inverse diffraction technique for mapping the deterministic structure of scintillations observed using these beacons to other frequencies. There are several reasons one may want to do this. For example, GNSS satellites can be used to monitor scintillations at L-band but it can be desirable, from a system impacts point of view, to know how these scintillations would map to a SATCOM system operating at UHF or a space-radar operating at X-band. For the case of weak scatter, a theory for scaling the S 4 index from one frequency to another is well established (Rino, Radio Sci., 14, 1135, 1979). However, this statistical scaling breaks down when the S 4 index at either frequency saturates due to multiple scatter effects. Furthermore, in some applications the deterministic structure of scintillations is required, not just statistics such as S 4 .
Reconciling zero-conf with efficiency in enterprises

A conventional enterprise or campus network comprises Ethernet-based IP subnets interconnected by routers. Although each subnet runs with minimal (or zero) configuration by virtue of Ethernet's flat-addressing and self-learning capability, interconnecting subnets at the IP-level introduces significant amount of configuration overhead on both end-hosts and routers. The configuration problem becomes more serious as an enterprise network grows by merging multiple remote sites and by supporting more number of portable end-hosts. Deploying enterprise-wide Ethernet, however, cannot solve this problem because Ethernet bridging does not scale. As an alternative, we propose a scalable and efficient zero-conf architecture (SEIZE) for enterprise networks. SEIZE provides "plug-and-play" capability via flat addressing and allows for scalability and efficiency through a combination of enhanced information dissemination schemes, such as link-state protocols and consistent hashing. SEIZE also supports backward compatibility and partial deployment.
The Gas Chromatography of β-Diketonates

Abstract Since the initial studies of James and Martin1,2 gas chromatography has revolutionized separations in organic and biochemistry. The development of the gas chromatography of metallic species has been relatively slow in coming; however, the inherent advantages of extraordinary sensitivity, speed and ease of separating mixtures of closely related compounds, has promoted a recent surge of interest in the technique. In general, gas chromatographs are not conveniently operated at temperatures in excess of 350° C. This temperature requirement places severe limitations on the types of inorganic compounds that can be chromatographed. In most, but not all cases, the metal complex must exhibit avapor pressure of 0.1 to 1 mm of mercury in order to have a reasonable rate of gas-phase migration through the column3. To meet the requirement, the complexes must be unusually volatile and thermally stable in the chromatographic column. Metal compounds of suitable volatility are limited in number and include metal a...
Quantifying genotoxicity and non-genotoxicity

Abstract Since the ability to induce genotoxicity is often equated with the potential for initiating the carcinogenic process, a method for quantitating genotoxicity would provide a useful measure for this potential. It is demonstrated herein that CPBS ™ , the Carcinogenicity Prediction and Battery Selection method, provides a useful quantitative measure of genotoxicity as well as allowing for the detailed evaluation of the performance of batteries of short-term tests in order to select those predictive of carcinogenic potential.
Characterization of CuCl2/PdCl2/Activated Carbon Catalysts for the Synthesis of Diethyl Carbonate

X-ray diffraction (XRD), low-temperature electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, and magnetometry are employed to determine the electronic and structural properties of over a dozen samples of fresh and KOH-treated CuCl2/PdCl2/activated carbon (AC) catalysts used in the synthesis of diethyl carbonate (DEC) from ethanol and CO. The percentage yields of DEC from the preceding paper by Dunn et al. are compared with the results from XRD and ESR to determine the nature of the active species. Temperature variation (4 to 300 K) of the ESR spectra of CuCl2/AC for different loadings of Cu reveals two Cu2+ species: Cu2+−carbon and nanoclusters of CuCl2 precipitated during impregnation. An excellent correlation is observed between the ESR intensity of Cu2+−carbon species and weight percent of DEC produced, although the maximum yield for CuCl2/AC is only about 4% for Cu loading of 9% (wt). For the CuCl2/PdCl2/AC catalysts, the yield increases to 10%, signifying the important role of Pd2+. For the CuCl2/PdCl2/AC c...
PAIN ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WHO HAVE NEUROPATHIC PAIN

Neuropathic pain is defined as pain that arises from injury, disease, or dysfunction of the nervous system; 28 however, despite a seemingly normal neurologic sensory examination, many neurologic disorders have chronic unrelieved pain as a component. The neurologic sensory examination has evolved through different stages, just as neurologic practice itself has. Most of what is understood about the sensory examination is arrived at deductively during neurologic training and practice and is at too rudimentary a level to be adequate for the evaluation of patients who have neuropathic pain and pain caused by neurologic disorders. In addition to the examination, the ability to perform psychologic assessment of patients who have chronic disorders, particularly chronic painful disorders, is essential. The psychology of chronic pain is very important in the diagnosis and treatment of that pain, but that is outside the scope of this article. It should be emphasized, however, that basic psychologic evaluation of patients who have chronic neuropathic pain is an important component of pain assessment. Evaluation of the chronic pain patient requires something beyond the standard history and neurologic examination and should also include additional assessment tools not usually performed by the general neurologist. The specific evaluations and assessments that should be performed for all chronic pain patients include (1) pain history; (2) pain-specific sensory examination; (3) musculoskeletal and myofascial evaluation; and (4) basic psychologic assessment. If there is a suspicion of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS), traditionally known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) then a CRPS/RSD-specific examination should also be performed. These assessments, although not typically part of the general neurologic examination, are easily learned, quickly performed, and are often critical to future treatment recommendations. Ultimately, the neurologist's fundamental skill in the assessment of the nervous system forms the basis for comprehensive pain assessment and evaluation, and should serve as the foundation for improving the care of patients who have chronic pain. The authors' goal is to provide the reader with the general principles of the examination, which should aid in the assessment and diagnosis of patients who have chronic pain. The focus is on neuropathic pain and its associated sensory symptoms and signs. Another important and very common chronic pain disorder, myofascial pain syndrome, is also briefly presented and discussed. A brief history of the sensory neurologic examination and the proposed pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain is provided. We conclude with the method by which the summary of findings on pain assessment and examination leads to the diagnosis of pain syndromes and disorders in patients who have neuropathic pain. It is important to note also that although a patient may have pain only in one limb, the patient as a whole suffers.
Measuring the quality of surgical outcomes in general thoracic surgery: should surgical volume be used to direct patient referrals?

o urgeons and hospitals face an increasing demand to provide evidence for the quality of care they deliver. owever, considerable debate exists regarding which utcomes measures to use to reflect surgical quality [1]. tructural measures are a broad group of variables that eflect the setting in which care is delivered [2]. Volume s one important and easily quantifiable structural meaure. Many studies have demonstrated an inverse relaionship between the volume of hospital surgical proceures and postoperative mortality. These studies have een used to recommend the regionalization of surgical rocedures using selected volume thresholds. However, he volume-outcome relationship is extremely complex, nd debate continues as to how it should be used by ublic and private organizations caring for their patients. his policy analysis examines the evidence regarding olume as a quality indicator for general thoracic surgery nd outlines potential unintended consequences of using olume to direct patient referrals.
Small RNAs and their role in biofilm formation

The formation of biofilms is initiated by bacteria transitioning from the planktonic to the surface-associated mode of growth. Several regulatory systems have been described to govern the initiation and subsequent formation of biofilms. Recent evidence suggests that regulatory networks governing the decision of bacteria whether to attach and form biofilms or remain as planktonic cells are further subject to regulation by small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs). This is accomplished by sRNAs fine-tuning regulatory networks to enable concentration-specific responses by sequestering, antagonizing, or activating regulatory proteins in response to environmental cues, or by directly affecting the synthesis of proteins promoting or disfavoring the formation of biofilms. This review gives an overview of the contribution of sRNAs in regulating the switch from the planktonic to the sessile bacterial lifestyle by highlighting how sRNAs converge with known regulatory systems required for biofilm formation.
On the locus of the speed/accuracy tradeoff

A statistically significant interaction between visual noise level and accuracy level was obtained for reaction time data in the Sternberg choice reaction task. This suggests that the speed/accuracy tradeoff is localized in the initial stimulus encoding stage of processing, specifically in a stimulus sampling operation. A slower stimulus sampling rate was found under visual noise than was found with a noise-free display.
Exploring Engineering and Sustainability: Concepts, Practices, Politics, and Consequences

Engineers deliberating over how to incorporate sustainability concerns into their practices should consider three issues. First issue: what is sustainability, anyway? A response can be catalyzed by examining different meanings of this ambiguous term, from which a spectrum of possibilities can be sketched. Second issue: after identifying a range of meanings, it is necessary to consider how each affects engineering practice. Here two difficulties arise. Initially, the perpetual nature of sustainability results in severe, perhaps unreasonable, restrictions on engineering as it is currently practiced. Relaxing these restrictions adds complexity and uncertainty to an engineer's decision-making process. Another difficulty is that static assumptions used to determine the overall landscape of production, consumption, and disposal of materials are contrary to the dynamism present in engineering innovation. Finally, third issue: cognizant of a range of options and of their corresponding difficulties, engineers need...
Atomic-ensemble-based quantum repeater against general polarization and phase noise

We present a quantum repeater architecture based on atomic ensembles, which is free of polarization and phase noise. With only simple optical elements, we can obtain the uncorrupted entanglement in the noisy channel. Even if the channel suffers from the general polarization and phase noise, the fidelity of transmitted qubits in our protocol can be stable and have no dependence on the noise parameter, which is a significant advantage compared with previous protocols. Moveover, we can even improve the fidelity by using time delayers. The proposed quantum repeater is feasible and useful in the long-distance quantum entanglement distribution and may be promising in other quantum-information applications.
Pulsed field gradients in simulations of one- and two-dimensional NMR spectra.

Abstract A method for the inclusion of the effects ofz-axis pulsed field gradients in computer simulations of an arbitrary pulsed NMR experiment with spin 1 2 nuclei is described. Recognizing that the phase acquired by a coherence following the application of az-axis pulsed field gradient bears a fixed relation to its order and the spatial position of the spins in the sample tube, the sample is regarded as a collection of volume elements, each phase-encoded by a characteristic, spatially dependent precession frequency. The evolution of the sample's density matrix is thus obtained by computing the evolution of the density matrix for each volume element. Following the last gradient pulse, these density matrices are combined to form a composite density matrix which evolves through the rest of the experiment to yield the observable signal. This approach is implemented in a program which includes capabilities for rigorous inclusion of spin relaxation by dipole–dipole, chemical shift anisotropy, and random field mechanisms, plus the effects of arbitrary RF fields. Mathematical procedures for accelerating these calculations are described. The approach is illustrated by simulations of representative one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments.
Both nicotine and mecamylamine block dizocilpine-induced explosive jumping behavior in mice: psychiatric implications

Dizocilpine (MK-801) administration to an outbred strain of NIH Swiss mice elicits discrete episodes of explosive jumping behavior designated as “popping.” This behavior may serve as a useful preclinical paradigm for the screening of potentially novel antipsychotic medications. Both nicotine and mecamylamine, a nicotinic antagonist, dose-dependently blocked dizocilpine-induced popping. The data suggest that nicotine may be of therapeutic benefit in the treatment of schizophrenia and that some of its effects may be mediated by non-nicotinic receptors.
Variability in reoperation rates at 182 hospitals: a potential target for quality improvement

Background Reoperation rate has gained increasing attention as a potential indicator of surgical quality. Objectives of this study were to examine the feasibility of assessing reoperation rates at 182 hospitals to identify institutions with outlying performance, to examine potentially modifiable factors that are associated with reoperations, and to determine if a more parsimonious logistic regression model effectively predicts reoperations. Study Design Patients were identified who underwent colorectal procedures at 182 hospitals participating in the American College of Surgeon's National Surgical Quality Improvement Program in 2006−2007. Risk-adjusted regression models for reoperation were developed to identify hospitals that had ratios of observed-to-expected events that were substantial outliers. Results Of 23,098 patients identified, 1,320 (5.7%) required reoperations. Reoperation occurred significantly more often than expected in 16 hospitals and less often than expected in 7 hospitals (p 2 ) >35 or ≤18.5, and hypertension. Compared with the full logistic regression model, there was a high degree of correlation with the more parsimonious logistic model containing only the first six variables (r = 0.996). Conclusions There is considerable variability in reoperation rates at American College of Surgeon's National Surgical Quality Improvement Program hospitals. American College of Surgeon's National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data can be used to provide individual hospitals with risk-adjusted self-assessment data on reoperations to potentially identify quality-improvement opportunities.
Algorithmic Properties of Structures

Part 1 Axiomatics and logics of algorithmic properties: algorithmic properties of structures formal languages - automata and structures proof theory and the accuracy of computations. Part 2 Galois-connections and structure of problem classes: on the solvability of algorithmic problems lower bounds by Galois theory towards a Galois theory of algorithmic problems. Part 3 An algebraization of algorithmics: algebras and combinators cumulative logic programs and modelling formal models of computation in which data are processes - theory and applications and others.
A determination of static mechanical properties of intrafusal muscle in isolated cat muscle spindles

Abstract The sensitivity of mammalian muscle spindles to stretch is greater in a stretched muscle than in a slack one. We have investigated this behavior in isolated muscle spindles removed from cat tenuissimus muscle. We measured the steady-state strain of intrafusal muscle in sensory and non-sensory regions and found that there is a proportional relationship between sensory strain and receptor sensitivity; both increase with spindle length. By comparing intrafusal strain of sensory and non-sensory areas with and without an intact spindle capsule, we conclude that capsule does not contribute to the non-linear sensitivity. Measurements of steady-state tension indicate that the striated portions of the intrafusal muscle exhibit a non-linear stiffness which can quantitatively account for the observed behavior.
A splenunculus in hereditary spherocytosis.

Studies on a patient with hereditary spherocytosis and a functioning splenunculus are reported. An inverse relationship between splenic size and red cell survival was observed. Evidence was obtained which further verified that red cell survival in hereditary spherocytosis is not related to the shape or to the osmotic sensitivity of the cell and that more than one type of hereditary spherocytosis exists.
Don't stop till you get to the Fluff

There is a way to reach the stars in our lifetime, but we'd better be quick, says Mark Anderson
Phosphorylation of the Drosophila Adherens Junction Protein Armadillo: Roles for Wingless Signal and Zeste-white 3 Kinase

The Drosophila segment polarity gene product Armadillo provides a link between two seemingly separate processes, regulation of segmental pattern by the Wingless intercellular signal and the function of cell-cell adherens junctions. armadillo was originally identified because of its segment polarity phenotype but subsequently was found to be the homolog of the vertebrate adherens junction protein beta-catenin. We examined the nature of the post-translational modification of Armadillo and its possible role in regulating Armadillo function. Armadillo is a phosphoprotein. Its level of phosphorylation varies both during embryonic development and from tissue to tissue. Phosphorylation occurs on both serine or threonine and tyrosine residues. Finally, Wingless signal negatively regulates Armadillo phosphorylation, while the segment polarity gene product Zeste-white 3, a serine/threonine protein kinase, promotes Armadillo phosphorylation. We discuss the implications of these results for regulation of Wingless/Wnt-1 signaling and adherens junction function.
Darbepoetin alfa administered every 4 weeks for anemia in patients with advanced prostate cancer.

Abstract Purpose Anemia is a common morbidity of advanced prostate cancer, and prostate cancer treatment and has been associated with a worse overall survival and reduced quality of life in patients with prostate cancer. We sought to determine if infrequent dosing of darbepoetin alfa is safe and effective in treating anemia in patients receiving systemic therapy for prostate cancer. Patients and Methods Sixteen patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer with bone metastases on androgen deprivation therapy with or without chemotherapy; and a baseline hemoglobin (Hb) ≤ 12 g/dL (amended to ≤ 11 g/dL) were enrolled. The primary endpoints were the proportion of patients who had a baseline Hb ≤ 12.5 g/dL and the proportion whose baseline Hb increased by ≤ 1 g/dL. Patients were Initialsly treated with 300 μ g of darbepoetin alfa every 4 weeks. The dose was increased to 500 μ g, 800 μ g, and 1000 μ g at each subsequent visit if the baseline Hb was not at target and had not increased by ≤ 1 g/dL during the previous 4 weeks. Treatment was planned for 6 months. Results Treatment was well tolerated with no grade ≤ 3 toxicities. Fourteen patients were assessable. The median Hb at study entry was 10.7 g/dL (range, 8.4-12). Serum Hb increased by ≤ 1 g/dL in 10 patients (71%; 95% confidence interval, 42%–92%) and 7 patients (50%; 95% confidence interval, 23%–77%) reached an Hb of ≤ 12.5 g/dL after treatment with doses that ranged from 300 μ g to 1000 μ g. Conclusion Darbepoetin alfa administration every 4 weeks is feasible and well tolerated. Target Hb increases were achieved in approximately half of the patients and required doses that ranged from 300 μ g to 1000 μ g.
Effects of Practice in Repeated Administrations of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised in Normal Adults

Practice effects were examined over four administrations of the immediate (I) and delayed (II) portions of three subtests of the WMS-R: Logical Memory (LM), Verbal Paired Associates (VPA), and Visual Reproduction (VR). A repeated measures ANOVA revealed that large and significant (p < .001) increases occurred in the General Memory (GM) and Delayed Recall (DR) indices and in the LMI, LMII, and VPAI subtests (Effect Sizes [ESs] = 0.70-0.87). Small but significant (p < .001) increases occurred in VRI (ES = 0.24) and VRII (ES = 0.43). The greatest increase in scores occurred at the first retest session, whereas increases of smaller magnitudes occurred at Sessions 3 and 4. Ceiling effects occur in subtests (VPAII, VRI, and VRII) on which individuals score most of the total possible points at the first testing session; this makes interpretation of practice effects difficult. Test-retest reliability coefficients, mean change scores from Session 1 to Session 2, standard errors of prediction, and 95% confidence in...
Short-term outcomes after elective minimally invasive colectomy for diverticulitis.

Background: The role of minimally invasive surgery in complicated diverticulitis is still being elucidated. The aim of this study was to compare short-term outcomes in patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery for complicated or uncomplicated diverticular disease. Methods: All patients who had elective minimally invasive surgery for diverticulitis between 2003 and 2008 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Complicated disease was defined as diverticulitis associated with abscess, fistula, stricture or bleeding. Univariable analysis was performed to compare safety and short-term outcomes in patients with complicated and uncomplicated diverticulitis. Results: A total of 361 patients (136 with complicated and 225 with uncomplicated diverticulitis) were operated on with either a laparoscopic (36·0 per cent) or a hand-assisted laparoscopic (64·0 per cent) surgical technique. There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to age, sex, body mass index, laparoscopic approach, postoperative recovery protocol or previous open surgery. Conversion rates were similar for complicated and uncomplicated disease (14·0 versus 11·6 per cent respectively; P = 0·514). There was no difference between the groups with respect to return of bowel function (mean 3·1 versus 3·2 days respectively; P = 0·156), morbidity (27·9 versus 19·6 per cent; P = 0·070) or mean length of stay (5·4 versus 4·8 days; P = 0·186). There were no deaths within 30 days. Conclusion: Elective minimally invasive colectomy is feasible for patients with uncomplicated and complicated diverticulitis, with equivalent outcomes. Copyright © 2010 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chameleon: A New Multi-Layer Channel Router

New techniques for routing general multi-layer channels are introduced. These techniques can handle a variety of technology constraints. For example, linewidth and line-to-line spacing can be specified independently for each layer, and contact stacking can be allowed or forbidden. These techniques have been implemented in a new multi-layer channel router called Chameleon. Chameleon consists of two stages: a partitioner and a detailed router. The partitioner divides the problem into two and three-layer subproblems such that global channel area is minimized. The detailed router then implements the connections using generalizations of the algorithms used in YACR2. In particular a three-dimensional maze router is used which guarantees that any problem can be routed even when cyclic constraints are present. Chameleon produces optimal results on a wide range of industrial and academic examples for any number of layers and pitch combinations.
Two 14q+ chromosomes in malignant lymphoma: crucial cytogenetic changes on 14q.

Abstract We encountered a 36-year-old white male patient with poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, whose lymph node cells showed a clonal cytogenetic change involving chromosome #14, i.e., 47,XY, +2,der(14),t(14;14)(14pter→14q32;14q24→14q32). In addition to this change, cells with a translocation between chromosomes #2 and another #14 [t(2;14)(q21;q24)], as well as a missing chromosome #8 were found. We have reviewed the literature dealing with two or more changes affecting chromosome #14 and discussed the importance of the cytogenetic change at band 14q32 in malignant lymphoma.
Lanthanide ions are agonists of transient gene expression in rice protoplasts and act in synergy with ABA to increase Em gene expression.

Previous work has shown that in rice suspension cells, NaCl at 0.4 M can induce Em gene expression and act synergistically with ABA, possibly by potentiating the ABA response pathway through a rate-limiting intermediate (R.M. Bostock and R.S. Quatrano (1992) Plant Physiol., 98, 1356-1363). Since calcium is an intermediate in ABA regulation of stomatal closure, we tested the effect of calcium changes on ABA-inducible Em gene expression in transiently transformed rice protoplasts. We show that calcium is required for ABA-inducible Em-GUS expression and can act in synergy with ABA. The trivalent ions lanthanum, gadolinium, and aluminum, which are known to interact with calcium- and other signaling pathways, can act at sub-millimolar concentrations to increase GUS reporter gene expression driven by several promoters in transiently transformed rice protoplasts. This effect is not specific for the ABA-inducible Em promoter, but is synergistic with ABA. The lanthanum synergy with ABA does not require calcium. In rice suspension cells, lanthanum alone does not induce Em gene expression, in contrast to transiently transformed protoplasts, yet can act synergistically with ABA to effectively increase the sensitivity to ABA greater than tenfold. Trivalent ions may be a useful tool to study the regulation of gene expression. The possible effects of trivalent ions on ABA signal transduction and gene expression are discussed.
Detection of zinc ions by differential circularly polarized fluorescence excitation

A new chiroptical spectroscopic approach, differential circularly polarized fluorescence excitation (CPE), can be used to provide a selective method for detecting the presence of zinc ions. The approach utilizes the same instrumentation as fluorescence-detected circular dichroism and provides strong contrast in metal detection due to response to both chelation-enhanced fluorescence and circular dichroism upon metal ion binding. The observed contrast is therefore better than either of the parent spectroscopic detection methods. CPE also provides a strategy to reduce interference from background such as protein-based tryptophan fluorescence.
The kinetics of P‐700+ reduction in leaves: a novel in situ probe of thylakoid functioning

Abstract. The half time (t1/2) of the reduction of P-700+ in the millisecond time frame is known to be limited by the reaction between plastoquinol and the cytochrome cytb6f complex. This is considered to be the rate limiting reaction of thylakoid electron transport and measurements of it provide a means of analysing how thylakoid election transport is regulated in vivo. The half time for the reduction of photochemically oxidized P-700 has been measured in vivo using absorbance changes around 820 nm. The results showed that t1/2 is independent of irradiance and decreases as photosynthetic induction progresses. Even with a constant t1/2 the quantum efficiency of PSI declined as irradiance increased. The significance of the concept of photosynthetic control of electron transport is discussed in the light of these observations.
Ultra-thin, self-healing decoupling capacitors on thin glass interposers using high surface area electrodes

This paper presents a novel set of low-cost materials and processes to fabricate thinfilm decoupling capacitors on silicon and glass substrates, using printed valve-metal electrodes. The valve-metals such as Al and Ta allow for easy formation of conformal, robust and high insulation-strength dielectrics. By utilizing self-healing counter electrodes, high yield with low leakage currents were demonstrated. Such a thinfilm capacitor processing is compatible with large-area, high through-put glass substrates with through-vias. The process, therefore, allows double-side passive or active component integration in ultrathin substrates, leading to a unique and novel passive and active component integration technology referred to as 3D IPAC (3-Dimensional Integrated Actives and Passive components) for miniaturized and complete power or RF modules.