cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Depositional Anticlines of Deep Environments--Past Success and Future Exploration: ABSTRACT

As the energy quest probes deeper into the oceanic environment, enormous depositional anticlines formed by deep current action are being documented, and certain of these with favorable rock properties beckon to the explorationist. Wind-driven surface currents, such as the Gulf Stream, can shape these anticlines at the outer edges of detrital sedimentation where such high-velocity currents End_Page 1842------------------------------ sweep the bases of continental slopes. Similarly, the "bottom" currents which are moving at slower velocities deeper on the continental rises will form varied anticlinal profiles characteristic of particular bottom conditions. Redistributed terrigenous materials which in great part compose these anticlines are carried into both current systems by intermittent gravity sliding and turbidity currents. A striking example of wind-driven current deposition occurs in the Florida Strait where calcareous sands from the Florida reef vicinity are swept along a trough by the Gulf Stream, then onto a broad anticlinal rise. Examples typifying "bottom" current anticlines are numerous in the North Atlantic, and deep-water coring programs have partly revealed their sedimentary sequences. A wind-driven current origin can plausibly explain the Poza Rica trend in Mexico. As the Golden Lane Reef contributed its Tamabra talus downslope into swift currents of the Chicontepec foredeep, anticlines were shaped at the base of the slope. Similar origins are suggested for other examples in the geologic record. Significant reserves in anticlines formed by current action will be found beyond the reefs and laterally away from the deltas in the deep environment where the subtle character of these features must come to be recognized. Reservoirs such as Poza Rica attest to the excellent rock properties and trap conditions which can be realized in an inspired search for such targets. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1843------------
Two-tuohy needle and catheter technique for fluoroscopically guided percutaneous drainage of spinal epidural abscess: a case report.

Background. The incidence of spinal epidural abscess has increased in the past decades. Traditionally, management was based on surgical decompression. More recent studies have shown conservative management has successful outcomes in selected patients. Case Report. We present a case, in which an elderly woman presented with new onset radicular pain and mild leukocytosis more than a week after a complicated revision of an intrathecal catheter in place for management of chronic axial low back pain. Magentic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a posterior epidural abscess from T12 to L2. Two Touhy needles were placed in the epidural space with fluoroscopic guidance for drainage of the abscess. A catheter was then advanced into the epidural space for irrigation with saline and an antibiotic solution. Intravenous antibiotics were continued for a total of 6 weeks. Radicular pain resolved immediately post-procedure. Serial MRIs also showed decreasing size of the abscess. Conclusion. Posterior spinal epidural abscesses may be successfully treated by way of the two Touhy needle and catheter technique for drainage and irrigation. This procedure should be reserved for patients that present with no neurological deficits or deemed nonsurgical candidates. Patients should continue on prolonged intravenous antibiotics and be monitored closely for clinical deterioration and undergo serial follow-up MRIs.
Successful transmission of Solenopsis invicta virus 3 to field colonies of Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Summary Solenopsis invicta virus 3 (SINV-3) is a positive sense, single stranded virus that exhibits host specificity toward saevissima complex fire ants. The virus is being considered for release as a biological control agent in areas in which the virus is absent. This study demonstrates that field transmission is possible.
Comparison of the Grading of Esophageal Varices by Transnasal Endoluminal Ultrasound and Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Background & Aims: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is the current standard for evaluating esophageal varices, yet there is no universally accepted system of grading varices endoscopically and several studies have shown interobserver variability of endoscopic grading. High-resolution endoluminal ultrasound 20 MHz (HRES) has been shown to detect varices accurately and can be performed without sedation. Our aim was to compare the detection of esophageal varices by transnasal HRES and EGD. Methods: We prospectively studied 37 cirrhotic patients being evaluated for esophageal varices. HRES was used to measure the largest esophageal variceal diameter and then EGD was performed. Photographs were taken for both procedures. Three blinded investigators graded the EGD photographs at 2 periods. End points were as follows: (1) the correlation of HRES variceal diameter and EGD grading of varices, and (2) the assessment of interobserver and intraobserver variation in varix grading by EGD. Results: The correlation between the transnasal HRES and EGD was .63, with a 95% confidence interval of .37–.80. The HRES detected early varices that were not seen by EGD. The interobserver correlation for EGD scoring was .87 or greater in all comparisons and the intraobserver correlation was .91 or greater. Conclusions: In conclusion, there is a significant correlation between transnasal HRES size measurement of esophageal varices and EGD. HRES is much more sensitive in detecting early esophageal varices and may not require sedation, suggesting that it may be more tolerable to patients and is worth further study.
Toward Building a Better Microreactor: Increasing Microenvironmental Diversity in AOT Reversed Micelles Using a Bile Salt Cosurfactant

Fluorescence probe studies show that sodium taurocholate (NaTC), a trihydroxy bile salt, can be used not only to increase the water capacity of AOT reversed micelles but also to modify the micellar organization in order to alter molecular mobility, permeability, and microenvironmental polarity at the interfacial regions. Measurements of fluorescence intensity, spectra, anisotropy, and lifetimes were used in combination with absorption spectroscopy and classical and dynamic light scattering to provide insight into the effects of NaTC on mocroenvironmental heterogeneity experienced by the probes, which included the hydrophilic fluorescein and lipophilic ANS and NBD-hexanoic acid (NBD-HA), in the novel, four component system of heptane/(AOT,NaTC)/water. Small amounts of NaTC were found to disrupt the AOT micellar organization, particularly at the AOT/water interface. At higher NaTC, there is an increase in micellar size as well as structural organization that leads to higher probe anisotropy. At the AOT/water interface, NaTC creates a more polar, water-like environment for fluorescein and decreases the efficiency with which fluorescein is quenched by Tb{sup 3+}, while at the heptane/AOT interface, NaTC creates more apolar environments for ANS and NBD-HA and increases the efficiency with which ANS is quenched by CCl{sub 4}. At no or low NaTC, heating to 45{degree}Cmore » has little effect on the micelles; at higher NaTC, heating expands the micelles and disrupts their organization. 16 refs., 11 figs., 1 tab.« less
Adsorption to ice of fish antifreeze glycopeptides 7 and 8

Experimental results show that fish antifreeze glycopeptides (AFGPs) 8 and 7 (with 4 and 5 repeats respectively of the Ala-Ala-Thr backbone sequence) bond onto ice prism planes aligned along a-axes, and inhibit crystal growth on prism planes and on surfaces close to that orientation. The 9.31-A repeat spacing of the AFGP in the polyproline II helix configuration, deduced from NMR studies, matches twice the repeat spacing of ice in the deduced alignment direction, 9.038 A, within 3%. A specific binding model is proposed for the AFGP and for the alpha-helical antifreeze peptide of winter flounder. For AFGP 7–8, two hydroxyl groups of each disaccharide (one disaccharide is attached to each threonine) reside within the ice surface, so that they are shared between the ice crystal and the disaccharide. This provides 24 hydrogen bonds between AFGP 8 and the ice and 30 for AFGP 7, explaining why the chemical adsorption is virtually irreversible and the crystal growth can be stopped virtually completely. The same scheme of sharing polar groups with the ice works well with the alpha-helical antifreeze of winter flounder, for which an amide as well as several hydroxyls are shared. The sharing of polar groups with the ice crystal, rather than hydrogen-bonding to the ice surface, may be a general requirement for adsoprtion-inhibition of freezing.
Asymptotic existence theorems for frames and group divisible designs

In this paper, we establish an asymptotic existence theorem for group divisible designs of type m^n with block sizes in any given set K of integers greater than 1. As consequences, we will prove an asymptotic existence theorem for frames and derive a partial asymptotic existence theorem for resolvable group divisible designs.
Recruitment dynamics in complex life cycles

Organisms living in the marine rocky intertidal zone compete for space. This, together with predation, physical disruption, and differing species tolerances to physiological stress, explains the structure of the ecological communities at some sites. At other sites the supply of larvae is limiting, and events in the offshore waters, such as wind-driven upwelling, explain the composition of intertidal communities. Whether the community ecology at a site is governed by adult-adult interactions within the site, or by limitations to the supply of larvae reaching the site, is determined by the regional pattern of circulation in the coastal waters. Models combining larval circulation with adult interactions can potentially forecast population fluctuations. These findings illustrate how processes in different ecological habitats are coupled.
Collective Effects and the Design of the SSC

Evaluation of possible designs for the Superconducting Supercollider requires consideration of a variety of collective phenomena. Of particular interest is the scaling of current thresholds and growth rates with such parameters as machine circumference and aperture, magnetic field strength, momentum spread and acceptance, cell length, and phase advance. In this paper the interplay of collective effects and machine design is discussed with special attention to those issues which may be helpful in choosing a particular design.
Omnidirectional printing of 3D microvascular networks.

www.MaterialsViews.com C O M Omnidirectional Printing of 3D Microvascular Networks M U Willie Wu , Adam DeConinck , and Jennifer A. Lewis * N IC A IO N Nature is replete with examples of microvascular systems that enable effi cient fl uid fl ow and distribution for autonomic healing, cooling, and energy harvesting. Emulating these systems in functional materials is of considerable interest for emerging applications in self-healing, [ 1–3 ] tissue engineering, [ 4–7 ]
Machine vision monitoring of plant health

Techniques and algorithms to detect and diagnose disorders in plants grown in a controlled environment have been developed. A video camera senses features of plants which are indicative of disorders. Images are calibrated for size and color variations by using calibration templates. Different image segmentation techniques for separating object from background, have been implemented. Plant size and color properties have been investigated, temporal, spectral and spatial variation of leaves were extracted from the segmented images. Neural network and statistical classifiers were used to determine plant condition.
Hybrid model for object orientation classification

Automated vehicle detection and classification is one of many highly researched areas in Computer Science. This paper proposes and presents a hybridized method for classifying objects based on spatial orientation. Specifically, the proposed classification system explores the Histogram of Oriented Gradients feature extractor conjoined with a clustering algorithm to classify vehicle images in an unsupervised manner. HOG is a well-suited feature extractor for dense images rich with contours and edges. The pairing provides an efficacious orientation classifier for vehicle images. Training and sample data exceeded 1.8 million images and was provided by Carsforsale.com, Inc.'s vast catalogue of historical vehicle images.
Magnetic Field Modeling of Permanent Magnet Type Electronically Operated Synchronous Machines Using Finite Elements

The finite element method is applied to the analysis of electronically operated permanent magnet type synchronous machines. In this class of machines, the armature MMF is a discretely forward stepping one of high harmonic content. The discretely stepping MMF is accounted for by a series of finite element field solutions as the rotor moves throughout one complete cycle of the ac armature current. Because of the discretely forward travelling MMF, a series of finite element grids depicting the rotor at various equally spaced locations, covering its movement during one cycle of the armature current, is required. This is accomplished by means of an automated algorithm for generation of the required finite elemennt grids. This allows one to match any stator grid to any rotor grid for any given displacement between the two grids. This matching is done in the air gap region by fitting it with a suitable row of triangular elements. In addition, a permanent magnet model is developed based upon the magnet geometry and material properties. This method was applied to the analysis of a 15 hp samarium cobalt machine at both rated and no load conditions. The calculated results were in excellent agreement with search coil measurements at both of these operating conditions. These solutions were then used to determine the midgap EMF waveforms. The calculated midgap EMF was in excellent agreement with an oscillogram of the actual EMF in both waveshape and magnitude.
Management of alveolar cleft Bone grafting: State of the art

Bone grafting of the alveolus is an essential step in the reconstruction of the orofacial cleft deformity. Secondary grafting with iliac marrow consistently produces trabecular bone to unify the maxilla and provide odontogenic support. It requires preoperative maxillary alignment, well designed mucoperiosteal flaps, and good oral hygiene to be optimally successful. Its high success rate currently makes it the preferred approach at most centers. Primary grafting with rib results in a unified maxilla, eliminates the oronasal fistula, and does not adversely affect midfacial growth. It assists in preventing maxillary segmental collapse, particularly in the bilateral cleft patient. Whether it can produce enough alveolar bone to support long-term odontogenic needs awaits further clinical documentation in the limited numbers of centers that routinely perform this procedure.
Organizational Maintenance, Sensitivity to Clients, and Vulnerability: Some New Suggestions About a Traditional Concept*

Maintenance, an important concept in the organizational literature, is often assumed to be a key factor in the low levels of sensitivity to client needs and demands apparent in many human service organizations. This paper uses data from a national sample of juvenile courts to demonstrate, however, that maintenance may relate to other variables in ways that are at variance with the common assumption. The maintenance of internal organizational operations is bound closely to the development of ties to the community; as a result, strong emphasis on maintenance actually leads to high levels of sensitivity to clients when certain environmental forces demand it. This positive relation is especially strong when organizations are highly vulnerable to external pressures. Such results suggest a contingent view of the role of maintenance in organizations and imply some further directions for research.
Peroxisomes of soybean (Glycine max) root nodule vascular parenchyma cells contain a “nodule—specific” urate oxidase

The cortex of soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Centennial) nodules contain an organellerich layer of vascular parenchyma tissue, which encircles the elaborate vascular tissue of the nodule. Peroxisomes with small, electron-opaque nucleoids are found in the vascular parenchyma cells. Positive cytochemical staining for catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) confirms their morphological identification as peroxisomes. Activities of both glycolate oxidase (EC 1.1.3.1) and urate oxidase (EC 1.7.3.3) were detected cytochemically in these peroxisomes. Nodule-specific urate oxidase was localized principally in the nucleoid region of these vascular parenchyma peroxisomes, as indicated by immunogold labelling using antibodies against nodulin-35, the nodule-specific urate oxidase. The density of urate oxidase immunogold labelling in the vascular parenchyma peroxisome nucleoid is similar to that of the more well-characterized interstitial cell peroxisomes of the infected zone. These results show that the induction of nodule-specific urate oxidase may be induced in tissue outside of the infected zone.
Online Technologies Self-Efficacy and Self-Regulated Learning as Predictors of Final Grade and Satisfaction in College-Level Online Courses

This study was designed to examine performance as a function of grade and course satisfaction in online undergraduate level courses, specifically students' self-efficacy for online technologies and self-regulated learning strategies. This research included a sample (N = 815) of community college students enrolled in liberal arts online courses during a single semester. The results of this study showed that online technologies self-efficacy scores were not correlated with student performance. Of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire subscales, time and study environment and effort regulation were significantly related to performance. Students who scored higher on these subscales received higher final grades. In addition, rehearsal, elaboration, metacognitive self-regulation, and time and study environment were significantly positively correlated with levels of satisfaction.
Kinetics of anaerobic cometabolism of 2,4-dinitrotoluene with ethanol as the primary substrate

A kinetic model that describes the anaerobic cometabolism of 2,4-dinitrtoluene (DNT) with ethanol as the primary substrate has been developed based on experimental results. The kinetic parameters were estimated using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. 2,4-DNT is anaerobically biotransformed to 2,4-diaminotoluene (DAT) via 4-amino-2-nitrotoluene (4-A-2-NT) and 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene (2-A-4-NT) by the bacteria whose growth is supported by utilizing ethanol. 2,4-DNT shows inhibition to its own biotransformation. It also exhibits a very strong competitive inhibition to further biotransformation of 4-A-2-NT and 2-A-4-NT. All the aromatics in the system, 2,4-DNT, 4-A-2-NT, 2-A-4-NT, and 2,4-DAT, inhibit the conversion of ethanol. Hydrogen produced from the acetogenesis of ethanol is utilized for the transformation of the nitroaromatics. The utilization of hydrogen and acetate by methanogenic bacteria is very strongly inhibited by the presence of the nitroaromatics. Acetate exhibits strong competitive inhibition to the biodegradation of propionate.
Phase correction of two-dimensional NMR spectra using DISPA

Abstract An automatic phasing algorithm, based on the DISPA method, is presented for two-dimensional NMR spectra. The DISPA method and its application to two-dimensional data are explained in detail. The results of autophasing are found to be comparable with those achieved by manual phasing.
National dissemination of cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in the Department of Veterans Affairs health care system: therapist and patient-level outcomes.

Objective The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system is nationally disseminating and implementing cognitive behavioral therapy for depression (CBT-D). The current article evaluates therapist and patient-level outcomes associated with national training in and implementation of CBT-D in the VA health care system. Method Therapist competencies were assessed with the Cognitive Therapy Rating Scale (CTRS). Patient outcomes were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory-II and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF. Therapeutic alliance was assessed with the Working Alliance Inventory-Short Revised. Two-hundred twenty-one therapists have received training, and 356 veteran patients have received treatment through the VA CBT-D Training Program. Results Of therapists who have participated in the program, 182 (82%) completed all training requirements and achieved competency, reflected by a score of 40 on the CTRS. Of 356 patients, nearly 70% completed 10 or more sessions or improved sufficiently to stop therapy before the 10th session. Mean depression scores decreased by approximately 40% from initial to later treatment phase. Effect sizes of changes ranged from d = 0.39 to d = 0.74 for quality of life and from d = 0.47 to d = 0.66 for therapeutic alliance measures. Conclusion National training in and implementation of CBT-D within the VA health care system is associated with significant, positive therapist training outcomes, as evidenced by increases in CBT core competencies. The implementation of the protocol by newly trained CBT-D therapists is associated with significantly improved patient outcomes, as evidenced by large decreases in depression and improvements in quality of life.
Endothelial Cells Inhibit Flow-Induced Smooth Muscle Cell Migration Role of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1

Background —The endothelium may play a pivotal role in hemodynamic force–induced vascular remodeling. We investigated the role of endothelial cell (EC) plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in modulating flow-induced smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration. Methods and Results —Human SMCs cocultured with or without human ECs were exposed to static (0 mL/min) or flow (26 mL/min; shear stress 23 dyne/cm 2 ) conditions for 24 hours in a perfused capillary culture system. SMC migration was then assessed with a Transwell migration assay. In the absence but not in the presence of ECs, pulsatile flow significantly increased the migration of SMCs (264±26%) compared with SMCs under static conditions, concomitant with a 3- and 4-fold increase in PAI-1 mRNA and protein, respectively, in cocultured ECs. In the presence of PAI-1−/− ECs, flow increased wild-type SMC migration (226±25%), an effect that was reversed by exogenous PAI-1. To determine whether the antimigratory activity of PAI-1 was dependent primarily on inhibition of PAs or its association with vitronectin, experiments were conducted with PAI-1R (a mutant PAI-1 that binds to vitronectin but does not inhibit PA) and PAI-1K (a mutant that inhibits PA but has reduced affinity for vitronectin). PAI-1R inhibited both basal and flow-induced migration, whereas PAI-1K inhibited flow-induced migration in the absence of any effect on baseline migration. Conclusions —Flow-induced EC PAI-1 inhibits flow-induced SMC migration in vitro. EC PAI-1 expression may be one of the predominant mechanisms responsible for controlling the process of vascular remodeling.
Assessment of Clinical Supervisor Competencies.

As the field of clinical supervision develops, there is expansion of conceptual models and methodology of practicing supervision. The evaluation emphasis in supervision has been on assessing the supervisory relationship and the supervisee. This article presents a focus and process to assist those training clinical supervisors to assess the competencies of the supervisor.
Hanging on Too Long: The Relationship between Different Forms of Organizational Commitment and Emotional Burnout among Correctional Staff

This study examined the relationship of organizational commitment with job burnout in the correctional institution setting. Participants were 272 corrections employees at a maximum security state prison housing approximately 1000 male felony offenders. Participants completed survey instruments measuring the emotional exhaustion dimension of burnout and three primary forms of organizational commitment (affective, moral, and continuance). Results support the study’s predictions of a negative relationship between burnout and affective commitment, and a positive relationship between burnout and continuance commitment. No significant relationship was found between moral commitment and emotional burnout. While no personal variables were related to burnout, the three forms of organizational commitment accounted for 22% of the burnout variance.
Rapid confirmation of suspect Salmonella colonies by use of the Minitek system in conjunction with serological tests.

Colonies of 40 members of the Enterobacteriaceae family (26 Salmonella serotypes and 14 other organisms) were picked from selective agar plates and inoculated into Minitek inoculum broth (BBL) and then onto Minitek discs of dextrose, lactose, sucrose, mannitol, maltose, dulcitol, lysine and H2S. After incubation for 6 h, the inoculum broth was tested with salmonella Poly O and after 24 h with salmonella Poly H antisera. The results of the biochemical tests were read after 24 h incubation. With this procedure, all the salmonella cultures used in this study were confirmed as salmonella and differentiated from all the other organisms, which were rejected. This procedure provides an alternative to the time consuming conventional procedures for the biochemical and serological confirmation of suspect salmonella colonies on selective agar plates.
The influence of trap density and sampling duration on the detection of small mammal species richness

Assessing species richness of small mammal communities is an important research objective for many live-trapping studies designed to assess or monitor biological diversity. We tested the effectiveness and efficiency of various trap densities for determining estimates and counts of small mammal species richness. Trapping was conducted in grassland habitats in northeastern Kansas during spring and fall of 2002 and 2003. Estimates and counts of species richness were higher at increased trap densities. This effect appeared to be primarily due to the higher number of individuals sampled at higher trap densities. At least 3 nights duration was needed to produce a stable estimate of species richness for the range of trap densities tested (9–144 trap stations/ha). Higher trap densities generally reached stable richness estimates in fewer nights than low density trapping arrangements. Given that counts and estimates of species richness were influenced by trap density and sampling duration, it is critical that these parameters are selected to most effectively meet research objectives.
Quantitative assessment of subsurface damage depth in silicon wafers based on optical transmission properties

As a nondestructive evaluation method, laser scattering has been applied for subsurface damage measurement in silicon wafers. Previous results showed that laser scattering can detect and distinguish subsurface damage of different depths. However, quantitative correlation between scatter data and subsurface damage depth has not been established. This paper presents an analysis on how to use the 'skin depth' to correlate optical scattering data obtained at different wavelengths with subsurface damage depth in silicon wafers. The results clearly demonstrate that subsurface damage depth in silicon wafers can be quantitatively assessed by the laser scattering nondestructive evaluation method.
Critical behavior in continuous dimension, ε∞ theory and particle physics

Abstract Bringing closure to the host of open questions posed by the current standard model for particle physics (SM) continues to be a major challenge for the theoretical physics community. Despite years of multiple research efforts, a consistent and comprehensive understanding of standard model parameters is missing. Our work suggests that critical dynamics of the renormalization group flow provides valuable insights into most of the unresolved issues surrounding SM. We report that the dynamics of the renormalization group flow and the topological approach of El Naschie’s e ∞ theory are viewpoints that share a common foundation. The paper concludes with a brief overview of future developments and integration efforts.
Bias of the One-Sample Cramér-Von Mises Test

Abstract There are one-sided as well as two-sided alternatives to any continuous hypothesized cumulative probability function (cpf) F 0 for which the probability of rejection by a test based on a statistic equivalent to Σ(F 0(X (k))—Ekn )2 is less than the size.
Centrifugal Distortions in Linear Triatomic Molecules: Application of an ab Initio Approach to HCP

Abstract Our previously outlined method ( J. Mol. Struct. THEOCHEM 99, 265-270, 1989) for employing analytic quantum chemical gradients to calculate the geometries, energies, and quartic spectroscopic constants for centrifugally distorted molecules is extended to describe noncentrosymmetric linear triatomic molecules. Results obtained at the HF/6-31G** and CISD/6-31G** levels are presented for the molecule H 12 CP and its isotopic variants D 12 CP, H 13 CP, and D 13 CP.
Concept mapping One-Carbon Metabolism to model future ontologies for nutrient–gene–phenotype interactions

Advances in the development of bioinformatic tools continue to improve investigators’ ability to interrogate, organize, and derive knowledge from large amounts of heterogeneous information. These tools often require advanced technical skills not possessed by life scientists. User-friendly, low-barrier-to-entry methods of visualizing nutrigenomics information are yet to be developed. We utilized concept mapping software from the Institute for Human and Machine Cognition to create a conceptual model of diet and health-related data that provides a foundation for future nutrigenomics ontologies describing published nutrient–gene/polymorphism–phenotype data. In this model, maps containing phenotype, nutrient, gene product, and genetic polymorphism interactions are visualized as triples of two concepts linked together by a linking phrase. These triples, or “knowledge propositions,” contextualize aggregated data and information into easy-to-read knowledge maps. Maps of these triples enable visualization of genes spanning the One-Carbon Metabolism (OCM) pathway, their sequence variants, and multiple literature-mined associations including concepts relevant to nutrition, phenotypes, and health. The concept map development process documents the incongruity of information derived from pathway databases versus literature resources. This conceptual model highlights the importance of incorporating information about genes in upstream pathways that provide substrates, as well as downstream pathways that utilize products of the pathway under investigation, in this case OCM. Other genes and their polymorphisms, such as TCN2 and FUT2, although not directly involved in OCM, potentially alter OCM pathway functionality. These upstream gene products regulate substrates such as B12. Constellations of polymorphisms affecting the functionality of genes along OCM, together with substrate and cofactor availability, may impact resultant phenotypes. These conceptual maps provide a foundational framework for development of nutrient–gene/polymorphism–phenotype ontologies and systems visualization.
Three-dimensional T2-weighted MRI of the human femoral arterial vessel wall at 3.0 Tesla.

Objectives:To evaluate the potential use of a novel 3D turbo spin-echo (TSE) T2-weighted (T2w) technique for assessing the vessel wall in the superficial femoral artery at 3.0 T.Background:Magnetic resonance imaging can be used for the noninvasive assessment of atherosclerotic plaque burden in the p
The Wages of Failure: New Evidence on School Retention and Long-Run Outcomes

Abstract By estimating differences in long-run education and labor market outcomes for cohorts of students exposed to differing state-level primary school retention rates, this article estimates the effects of retention on all students in a cohort, retained and promoted. We find that a 1 standard deviation increase in early grade retention is associated with a 0.7 percent increase in mean male hourly wages. Further, the observed positive wage effect is not limited to the lower tail of the wage distribution but appears to persist throughout the distribution. Though there is an extensive literature attempting to estimate the effect of retention on the retained, this analysis offers what may be the first estimates of average long-run impacts of retention on all students.
Effects of Excess Pb on Crystallization and Electrical Properties of Ferroelectric PZT Films Deposited by Reactive RF Magnetron Sputtering

Films were deposited onto unheated, Ti/Pt coated Si substrates by reactive sputtering in an argon-oxygen atmosphere from a sintered PZT target, and subsequently crystallized at temperatures between 550 and 650 °C. Pt/PZT/Pt capacitors were formed by ion beam sputtering of top electrodes through a shadow mask. Electrical properties were found to depend on gas pressure during deposition. This effect is interpreted in terms of variations in film stoichiometry (particularly Pb content). Films with large excesses of Pb were found to exhibit high leakage currents and poor ferroelectric behavior, whereas films with lower excesses of Pb had low leakage currents, and good ferroelectric properties. Films with the largest Pb excess had a random orientation, while the film with the lowest Pb excess had a preferred (111) orientation. With 550 °C crystallization temperatures the films consist of a mixture of ferroelectric perovskite phase and either PZT pyrochlore or PbO. At higher crystallization temperatures no pyrochlore is detected.
Re-measuring agency costs: The effectiveness of blockholders

Abstract This study examines the effectiveness of blockholders in mitigating agency costs such as managerial extravagance, poor asset management and underinvestment. Our evidence suggests that outside and inside blockholders exert their interventions differently. We find that outside blockholders are more vigilant about mitigating managerial extravagance while inside blockholders, especially managerial blockholders, are more effective in improving the efficiency of firm asset utilization. However, only managerial blockholders significantly overcome underinvestment problems, which may be attributable to their duality roles.
Safety and tolerability of clofazimine as salvage therapy for atypical mycobacterial infection in solid organ transplant recipients.

Background The treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) requires prolonged, multidrug therapy, which is often not well tolerated. In solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, drug–drug interactions complicate treatment further. Failure or intolerance requires the use of salvage regimens, and clofazimine is one of the drugs that can be used. No data are available on the safety and tolerability of clofazimine for the treatment of MAC in SOT recipients. Methods Retrospective review of all SOT recipients treated for MAC infection with clofazimine at a large transplant center between 2006 and 2013. Results Five SOT recipients received clofazimine as salvage therapy. Transplanted organs were lungs in 3 patients, and kidney and liver in 1 patient each. Infection was diagnosed at a median of 22 months (range 4–57) post transplant. Sites of infection were the lungs in 2 patients, and septic arthritis, mesenteric, and disseminated disease in 1 patient each. All patients received standard anti-MAC therapy for a median of 26 weeks (range 18–45) before starting clofazimine. Indications for use of clofazimine included a lack of response to previous therapy (3 patients), and poor tolerance of other regimens (3 patients). All patients received at least 2 additional drugs besides clofazimine. Median duration of clofazimine-containing regimen was 8 months (range 2–18). Clofazimine was discontinued because of gastrointestinal intolerance in 1 of the 5 patients. The most common adverse event from clofazimine was skin discoloration, in 60% of patients. No hepatotoxicity or hematologic toxicity occurred. Microbiological clearance and resolution of clinical disease was documented in 2 of 5 patients; and 2 of the 5 patients died of other causes while on therapy. Conclusions Clofazimine appears safe and may be considered as a salvage therapeutic option in SOT recipients with MAC infection who are intolerant or unresponsive to standard therapy. The small sample size does not allow conclusions regarding efficacy.
Demonstration of ultraviolet lasing with a low energy electron beam

Abstract We report on the design details of the first ultraviolet (UV) free-electron laser (FEL) oscillator driven by low-energy electrons from a radio-frequency linear accelerator. In our experiment we used a high-current, high brightness electron beam in combination with a wiggler of novel design to produce an FEL that lased at wavelengths from 369 to 380 nm using 45.9–45.2 MeV electrons. In addition we performed a proof-of-principle experiment that demonstrated the first ever photolithography on a photoresist-coated silicon wafer using an FEL light source.
The trouble with disciplining disciplines

The author advocates for greater attention to the unspoken, and potentially repressive, dynamics that faculty may rely upon to cultivate a disciplinary identity in the classroom. Being transparent and critically reflective about the language, ideas, and practices employed in class will empower students and augment their cognitive abilities in new ways.
Antibody response to rubella virus structural proteins in multiple sclerosis.

The antibody response to the structural proteins of rubella virus was studied in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Irrespective of the antibody titer to whole rubella virus, the relative proportion of the IgG response to the surface glycoprotein E1 was diminished, and that to the surface glycoprotein E2 was elevated in MS patients when compared to a matched control population of normal healthy individuals or a group of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other collagen vascular diseases. No difference was observed in the response to the core protein of rubella virus on comparing the MS and normal control groups. This divergence in the relative antibody response to the viral surface proteins suggests that the vigorous antibody response to rubella virus reported in MS is not simply an expression of a nonspecific polyvalent B-cell response.
Cerebello-oculo-renal syndromes including Arima, Senior-Löken and COACH syndromes: more than just variants of Joubert syndrome.

Cerebellar vermis hypoplasia (CVH) is part of many different malformation syndromes, especially Joubert syndrome. However, the nosology of these disorders remains uncertain. We reviewed reports of 100 children with cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, and ocular or renal involvement. Although the status of the upper brainstem was not adequately documented in most of these patients, some had hypoplasia and dysplasia of the ponto-mesencephalic isthmus and the superior portion of the cerebellar vermis, which results in a "molar tooth" sign on MRI scan. Several distinct syndromes were apparent among this group. We conclude that (a) hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis, especially the anterior vermis, is often associated with a complex brainstem malformation; (b) the latter comprises a "molar tooth" brainstem and vermis hypoplasia-dysplasia malformation complex; (c) this complex may include the Dandy-Walker malformation, occipital cephalocele, and some abnormalities of the cerebrum as evidenced by frequent mental retardation; and (d) the "molar tooth" sign or malformation is causally heterogeneous as it occurs in several distinct malformation syndromes including Joubert syndrome, Arima syndrome, Senior-Loken syndrome, COACH syndrome, and probably familial juvenile nephronophthisis.
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY

Abstract This article addresses two related themes: (1) the interface between clinical research and contemporary philosophy of science, and (2) sociopsychological processes as they are reflected in clinical research. It is argued that our research efforts in clinical psychology continue to be dominated by logical empiricism, an epistemology that has failed to survive recent criticisms stemming from the refinement of our conceptions of explicit rationality. The self-contradictory paradox faced by logical empiricism and all other justificational approaches to knowledge is avoided by the nonjustificational perspectives that have developed over the last two decades. Clinical researchers are urged to reappraise the assumptions and implications of conventional epistemologies and to explore the alternatives emerging from these more recent developments in philosophy of science. The second part of the article argues that human psychological processes are an imperative topic of inquiry in an adequate model of scien...
Effect of pregnancy on the vasodepressor response to atrial natriuretic factor.

OBJECTIVE: We attempted to determine whether pregnancy alters the vasodepressor response to both physiologic and pharmacologic infusions of atrial natriuretic factor 99-126. STUDY DESIGN: Ten virgin and 10 pregnant (17 ± 1 days of gestation) conscious, unrestrained Sprague-Dawley rats with chronic indwelling vascular catheters were studied. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were measured in response to steady-state infusions of either saline solution or increasing concentrations of atrial natriuretic factor (range 5 to 2560 ng · kg -1 · min -1 ). RESULTS: Basal mean arterial pressure was significantly lower in pregnant rats than in virgin rats (89 ± 3 vs 97 ± 2 mm Hg, p p p CONCLUSIONS: The vasodepressor response to physiologic infusions of atrial natriuretic factor was not affected by pregnancy status. However, pharmacologic infusions of atrial natriuretic factor resulted in a blunted vasodepressor response in the pregnant animals. This may be due to alterations in vascular atrial natriuretic factor receptors, changes in the clearance rate of atrial natriuretic factor, or the modulating effects of other vasoactive hormones.
Bishop Vincent McCauley, CSC: Ecumenical Pioneer

Vincent McCauley, bishop and missionary, was a great champion of the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965). As Bishop of Fort Portal, Uganda, a new diocese in the Western portion of the country (1961–1971), McCauley was instrumental in the full implementation of the 16 documents of Vatican II, but his principal legacy will be his work in the area of ecumenism. Overcoming significant and long standing hostility between Roman Catholics and Anglicans, McCauley was able to forge ecumenical dialogue and programs on various levels. Beginning simply through prayer services and a vernacular translation of the New Testament, he graduated to be a founder and initial chairman of the Uganda Joint Christian Council (UJCC), an organization which made great strides in removing government opposition to religion and forging dialogue between Christians in areas of sacraments and social justice. Both simultaneously and after his tenure in Fort Portal, McCauley served as chairman and secretary general of the Association of Member Episcopal Conferences of Eastern Africa (AMECEA). These positions allowed him to continue his ecumenical work on a broader scope. He was instrumental in setting up numerous conferences to foster ecumenical dialogue, various pastoral programs and certain educational initiatives, including the Interdisciplinary Urban Seminar, for which McCauley served as a member of the Academic Board. He was also integrally involved as a member of the advisory board of the Christian Organization Research and Advisory Trust (CORAT), an organization that sought to train church members in organization and management. Vincent McCauley stands as a significant example of one who implemented the ecumenical teachings of Vatican II on local and regional levels. His contribution continues to serve the church in Eastern Africa today.
Reproducibility of CT Measurements of Aortic Valve Calcification, Mitral Annulus Calcification, and Aortic Wall Calcification in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Rationale and Objectives Extracoronary calcifications may have clinical significance. The error in extracoronary calcification measurements is still unknown. Accurate quantification of calcifications of the aortic valve (AVC), mitral annulus (MAC), and aortic wall (AWC) may be possible by using cardiac computed tomography (CT). We sought to establish the interscan, interobserver, and intraobserver reproducibility of these measures in all cardiac CT scans in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods We measured extracoronary calcifications in 100 randomly selected participants to assess interobserver, interscan, and intraobserver variability. Two scans were available for analysis in 99 of these participants, and we quantified thoracic aorta and valvular calcifications. Results Mean interscan variability of AVC was 9.7% ± 11.4% and 8% ± 10.3% for Agatston and volume scores, with variability of the median at 6.4% and 5.5%, respectively (P > .05). MAC inter-reader variability was 8.2% and 8.9%, with interscan variability of 28% and 33% and intrareader variability of 4% and 4.1%, respectively. For AWC, inter-reader variability was 3%–7.1%, interscan variability was 17%–18%, and intrareader variability was 0.4%–1.4%. Conclusion AVC, MAC, and AWC measurements are sufficiently reproducible to allow serial investigations over a time suitable for clinical studies.
Metastable phases in the Tl-Sn alloy system

The structures of metastable Tl-Sn alloys prepared by rapid quenching (splat cooling) to —190°C have been investigated. Over a large part of the total composition range single phase alloys were obtained. Four new metastable phases with relatively simple, elementlike structures were found: α1 (tetragonal), ω (hexagonal), γ (hexagonal), and γ1 (not determined in detail); α1 represents the rarely found transition between the A1 and A2 structure types. Crystalchemically, the new phases are in agreement with previously established general rules for the occurrence of stable and metastable B-metal phases.
Metabolism of polyhalogenated compounds by a genetically engineered bacterium

THE decomposition of organic compounds by bacteria has been studied for almost a century1, during which time selective enrichment culture has generated microoganisms capable of metabolizing thousands of organic compounds. But attempts to obtain pure cultures of bacteria that can metabolize highly halogenated compounds2, a large and important class of pollutants3,4, have been largely unsuccessful. Polyhalogenated compounds are most frequently metabolized by anaerobic bacteria as a result of reductive dehalogenation reactions5, the products of which are typically substrates for bacterial oxygenases6. Complete metabolism of polyhalogenated compounds therefore necessitates the sequential use of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria7. Here we combine seven genes encoding two multi-component oxygenases in a single strain of Pseudomonas which as a result metabolizes polyhalogenated compounds by means of sequential reductive and oxidative reactions to yield non-toxic products. Cytochrome P450cam monooxygenase reduces polyhalogenated compounds8, which are bound at the camphor-binding site9,10, under subatmospheric oxygen tensions9. We find that these reduction products are oxidizable substrates for toluene dioxygenase. Perhalogenated chlorofluorocarbons also act as substrates for the genetically engineered strain.
Tulu Bor Tuff at Koobi Fora correlated with the Sidi Hakoma Tuff at Hadar

The Hadar Formation of Ethiopia is renowned for its superb mammalian fossils, but there is still some doubt about the age of the Hadar faunas and their relations to faunas from other sites despite intense efforts to date the Hadar material1,2. Here I report a stratigraphical tie between the Hadar Formation and formations in the Lake Turkana region, which helps to relate fossil faunas from the two areas.