cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A study of sex difference in enzyme activities of rat liver plasma membranes

Abstract The specific activity and enrichment of several “plasma membrane marker enzymes” have been found to be significantly lower in liver plasma membrane of female than of male rats. The lipid composition showed no comparable sex difference. In brain synaptosomal or myelin fractions the same enzyme activities have not been appreciably enriched, and no sex difference was apparent.
The effect of volume history on shunt flow in excised dog lungs.

Abstract Excised dog lungs were distended with oxygen and perfused with the venous blood of donor dogs. The anatomical shunt flow through the lungs was measured by the oxygen content method. Large shunt flows ranging from 9 to 28 per cent of the total flow were found. The pulmonary arterial pressure for perfusion of the lungs at a constant flow and low venous pressure was significantly lower after inflation from a smaller volume than after deflation from a larger volume to the same alveolar pressure. At an alveolar pressure of 10 cm H2O the mean shunt was 18 per cent greater after inflation than after deflation. However, at alveolar pressures of 20 cm H2O and above, shunt flow was not significantly affected by volume history. The results suggest that the lower pulmonary arterial pressure necessary for perfusion of the excised lung after inflation is not due to shunt channels through areas of atelectasis which can be abolished by a hyperinflation.
Mitral A velocity wave transit time to the outflow tract as a measure of left ventricular diastolic stiffness. Hemodynamic correlations in patients with coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND: Subjects in sinus rhythm have two distinct diastolic flow velocities in the left ventricular (LV) outflow tract directed toward the aortic valve. These follow E and A waves of the transmitral flow and are referred to as Er and Ar waves, respectively. The A wave transit time from the mitral valve to the LV outflow tract is shorter than that of the E wave and is shorter in those with LV hypertrophy and the aged, suggesting its possible dependence on LV late diastolic stiffness. METHODS AND RESULTS. We measured the peak-to-peak and onset-to-onset A wave transit times from the mitral valve to the LV outflow tract (AArp and AAro intervals, respectively) using Doppler echocardiography in 20 patients undergoing left heart catheterization for evaluation of coronary artery disease. These intervals were correlated with indices of LV late diastolic stiffness obtained from high-fidelity LV pressure tracings and angiographic volume assessments. The AArp and AAro intervals correlated significantly with LV D...
The Fine Structure of Macrophages in Lysolecithin-Induced Demyelination: A Freeze-Fracture Study

Focal injection of lysolecithin into the thoracic spinal cord was used to induce experimental demyelination in rats. The macrophages which invaded the demyelinating area to phagocytose the myelin breakdown products were examined by electron microscopy using conventional thin-section and freeze-fracture techniques. The cells had the typical foamy cytoplasm characteristic of lipid macrophages. In freeze-fracture preparations, the P-face of the plasmalemma had scattered 10-18 nm round to oval or elongate particles. The cytoplasm was filled with phagocytic vacuoles containing myelin debris. Occasionally, membranous connections could be demonstrated between lysosomes and phagocytic vacuoles. The debris in the vacuoles varied in structure from material with a normal myelin periodicity to partially digested lamellated structures and pseudocrystalline structures to homogeneous-like, lipid-filled vacuoles. These patterns appeared to represent successive stages in the digestion of the ingested myelin.
New Northwestern Range Limit of the Northern Talapoin, Mbam et Djerem National Park, Cameroon

Abstract Recent surveys carried out in the Mbam Djerem National Park, Cameroon, have recorded the presence of talapoin monkeys (Miopithecus ogouensis). This area, at about 6°N, is in the transition zone between the Central African forest block and the Guinea-Congolia/Sudania savannas. These observations, plus those from similar habitat in the Central African Republic to the east, suggest that the distribution of the northern talapoin may be much more extensive than previously thought. Its small size and choice of habitat may have precluded it from being noticed by wildlife surveys in the past, as these monkeys tend to occur in swampy areas with thick vegetation. Future survey teams are encouraged to be on the lookout for talapoins both north and south of the Equator in savanna gallery forests.
Formulation of a membrane finite element with drilling degrees of freedom

A 4-noded membrane element with drilling degrees of freedom is developed. A functional for the linear problem, in which the drilling rotations are introduced as independent variables, is obtained from the functional for the corresponding nonlinear problem, initially derived by Atluri. A careful examination of the Euler equations shows that the Allman-type element fails to pass a one-element patch test with a minimum number of constraints. A 4-noded element, which passes the one-element patch test without constraining the drilling rotations, is proposed here with the use of the separate kinematics variables of displacement and rotation. Detailed numerical studies show the excellent performance of the element.
Energetic-particle-induced geodesic acoustic mode.

A new energetic particle-induced Geodesic Acoustic Mode (EGAM) is shown to exist. The mode frequency, mode structure, and mode destabilization are determined non-perturbatively by energetic particle kinetic effects. In particular the EGAM frequency is found to be substantially lower than the standard GAM frequency. The radial mode width is determined by the energetic particle drift orbit width and can be fairly large for high energetic particle pressure and large safety factor. These results are consistent with the recent experimental observation of the beam- driven n=0 mode in DIII-D. The new mode is important since it can degrade energetic particle confinement as shown in the DIII-D experiments. The new mode may also affect the thermal plasma confinement via its interaction with plasma micro-turbulence.
Convolution Filtering Technique For Estimating Scatter Distributions In Radiographic Images

The degree to which beam hardening due to iodine, and x-ray and light scatter within the imaging chain, cause a nonlinear videodensitometric response of DSA grey level to iodine areal density were studied. Beam hardening effects were found to be secondary to the effects of scatter. Local scatter estimates could reliably be made, using an array of small lead beam-stops, which provided estimates of the scatter contribution regionally within an image. When the local scatter levels were subtracted from component images prior to DSA logarithmic subtraction, the DSA grey-scale response was made approximately linear with iodine areal density. Convolution filtering was studied as a method for estimating the scatter over an entire image based on beam-stop measurements made at a few points within the image. Simple, large-size (.0100x100 pixels) convolution kernels were capable of reproducing the scatter distribution within a chest image with an rms percentage error of <10% over a 36 cm field of view. The method should be implementable using a single lead beam-stop placed over a highly transmissive region in a patient.
Autocrine interaction between prolactin and its receptor occurs intracellularly in the 235-1 mammotroph cell line

We have previously demonstrated that PRL acts as an autocrine growth factor in the pituitary tumor GH3 cell line. In this study we present evidence that the 235-1 cell line also uses PRL as an autocrine growth factor, and that in this case interaction between PRL and its receptor occurs intracellularly. First, the PRL produced by 235-1 cells was shown to be capable of initiating a proliferative response by placement in the Nb2 bioassay. Second, PRL receptors were demonstrated to be present, but, unusually, primarily in the Golgi complex by light and electron microscope immunocytochemistry. Incubation of the cells in anti-PRL had no effect on 235-1 cell proliferation until interleukin-1 treatment caused the PRL receptors to move to the cell surface, whereupon cell proliferation was inhibited. Specific interference with PRL biosynthesis in noninterleukin-1-treated cells also inhibited cell proliferation. Thus, the essential elements of an autocrine loop are present and can be demonstrated to be functional b...
Spontaneous Tracheal and Subglottic Tears in Neonates

Objectives/Hypothesis: Spontaneous rupture of the trachea or subglottis as a complication of difficult delivery has not been reported in the United States literature. There have been a few cases reported in the European literature. The present report describes a series of newborns with this complication and discusses the signs and treatment options of this difficult, life-threatening problem. Study Design: Retrospective review. Methods: Newborns born between 1996 and 2001 who were treated for spontaneous subglottic or tracheal rupture at a tertiary care children's hospital neonatal intensive care unit were reviewed. Results: Four cases of spontaneous subglottic rupture were seen at the hospital. In three of the four cases the tracheas were emergently intubated after subcutaneous air was noted in the anterior aspect of the neck. In the fourth patient the trachea was not intubated until the subglottic tear was visualized intraoperatively. Two of the four patients died. One died without securing of an airway; the other died of complications of prolonged hypoxia. Eight cases from European literature of spontaneous neonatal subglottic and tracheal tears are reviewed and are compared with the cases presented in the current report. Conclusions: Early detection of airway rupture by flexible endoscopy is essential for timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Standard endotracheal intubation can exacerbate the problem and should be deferred if possible until direct airway visualization can be accomplished. Signs associated with tracheal tears include subcutaneous emphysema, respiratory distress, pneumothorax, and pneumomediastinum. These should lead to emergent consultation with otolaryngologists for examination and securing of the airway.
Virtual Organization: The new feudalism

Computing professionals are uniquely positioned to play a pivotal role in shaping the engine that will drive the move to a new feudalism.
Indian almond (Terminalia catappa), salt-tolerant, useful, tropical tree with “nut” worthy of improvement

Native to the East Indies, commonly grown in India, casually planted for shade and ornament throughout the tropics, the Indian, or tropical, almond (Terminalia catappa) is still not fully appreciated nor utilized as a multipurpose tree. Fast-growing, to 80 ft, the tree flourishes with little or no care, exposed to coastal winds and salt spray. It furnishes timber of excellent quality, bark suitable for tanning, and dyes from both wood and bark. The seed kernel is delicious and wholesome without processing, though the bulk of the abundant crop is wasted through ignorance of an easy mode of extraction and lack of selection and propagation and promotion of strains with large kernels.
THERAPIST DEFENSIVENESS AND MARITAL THERAPY PROCESS AND OUTCOME

Abstract This study examined the effect of couple socioeconomic status (SES); pretherapy marital adjustment; and therapist, husband, and wife defensiveness during the third session of marital therapy on posttherapy marital adjustment. Participants were 22 therapists and 88 couples. Each therapist treated 4 couples, 2 from the middle SES level and 2 from the lower SES level. Path analyses revealed that for husbands higher marital satisfaction before therapy was associated with higher adjustment at the end of therapy, but defensive therapist behavior during therapy was associated with lower posttherapy adjustment. A similar pattern was found for wives, but this should be interpreted with caution owing to potential dependencies in the wives' posttherapy adjustment scores. Neither SES nor pretherapy adjustment predicted therapist defensive behavior in therapy, and SES did not predict marital therapy outcome variance. Results suggest that therapist defensive behavior may reflect a style or characteristic of so...
Temperature range for formic hydrogenlyase induction and activity in psychrophilic and mesophilic bacteria

The temperature range for induction of formic hydrogenlyase in cell suspensions of psychrophilic strain 82 was 0 C to 20 C compared to 15 C to 45 C for mesophilicEscherichia coli and 15 C to 40 C for mesophilicAerobacter aerogenes. The respective temperatures for maximum enzyme activity were 30 C, 45 C and 40 C, and for formation of the maximum amount of enzyme 15 C, 35 C and 30 C. The temperatures for all three enzyme functions, therefore, were considerably lower for the psychrophile than for the mesophiles.
Cytology of bacteria. II

Since the author wrote (1938), in this journal, his first review on the cytology of bacteria, interest in the structure of the bacterial cell and knowledge of that structure have considerably increased. This was due to a number of reasons: development of the electron microscope; application of new techniques and refinement in old ones; development of new points of view. It would be presumptuous to say that present knowledge of the structure of the bacterial cell is complete. It is certain, however, that the progress of the last decade transformed bacterial cytology from a philosophy into a science in which structure and behavior are beginning to show relationships and common grounds. This, indeed, is the "raison d'etre" of cytology. Books and reviews published during the last ten years were the following: Imsenecki (1940), Lewis (1941), Knaysi (1944), Mudd and Anderson (1944), and Dubos (1945). This brief review will be devoted, chiefly, to the progress made during this period. The literature is covered till the closing months of 1947.
On Characterization of Chemical Structure

We briefly review characterization of chemical structure as evolving from the early work on the connectivity index to the latest work on a characterization of 3-D structures, including characterization of the folding of model proteins.
A fictionalist account of the indispensable applications of mathematics

En reponse a l'argument de l'indispensabilite elabore par Quine et Putnam en faveur du platonisme, l'A. defend la these de l'antiplatonisme en developpant une approche fictionnaliste de l'indispensable application des mathematiques a la science empirique
Neutrons from Nuclear Capture of Negative Pions.

We measured the energy spectra and yields of neutrons above 1.2 MeV from nuclear capture of negative pions slowing down and stopping in C, N, O, Al, Cu, Ta, and Pb targets. Each neutron spectrum was decomposed into an evaporation portion and a direct portion. The number of direct neutrons per stopped pion is substantially constant for all the targets with a mean value of 1.74\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.28, whereas the yield of evaporation neutrons increases by an order of magnitude from about 0.7 for carbon to about 7 for lead. The total kinetic energy carried away by the neutrons is substantially constant also for all the targets with a mean value of 76.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.0 MeV. The kinetic energy carried away by evaporation neutrons increases with mass number with an associated decrease in the kinetic energy carried away by direct neutrons. We obtained the nuclear temperature (in MeV) of the first residual nucleus formed in the evaporation process for each target: Pb (1.4), Ta (1.4), Cu (1.9), A1 (2.3), O (2.2), N (2.2), and C (2.1). The spectrum from a light target displays a shoulder in the region around 60 MeV which is consistent with a two-nucleon absorption mechanism. The direct neutron spectra are characterized by a rising yield as the neutron energy decreases in the region from 30 MeV down to about 10 MeV. The data are compared with previous measurements and with the predictions of intranuclear cascade and preequilibrium calculations.NUCLEAR REACTIONS C, N, O, Al, Cu, Ta, Pb (${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$,$\mathrm{xn}$), ${E}_{{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}}\ensuremath{\approx}0$ MeV. Measured differential energy spectra and yields. Deduced nuclear temperature. Compared results to intranuclear cascade and preequilibrium model calculations.
Supporting arbitrary queries in peer-to-peer networks using hybrid routing

The Peer-to-Peer (P2P) service model is being intensely explored for creating scalable and robust designs for decentralized Internet-scale applications. A lookup service for finding resources within a P2P network is one of the key services in the model. Lookup queries in P2P applications can be precise queries based on resource identifiers or imprecise ones involving keywords or attributes associated with resources. Some recent P2P designs have tried to leverage the efficient key-based routing mechanism of structured P2P systems for efficient lookups. These systems support precise queries directly and efficiently. To support imprecise queries, they create an index that maps keywords or attributes to keys used for structured routing and is attribute-partitioned across peers, that is, the index entry for a given attribute is stored at the peer addressed by its key. This approach has certain drawbacks. First, maintaining these index partitions in the presence of network churn is expensive. Second, popular keywords/attributes may get mapped to low capacity peers that cannot cope with the load. Third, the queries that require intersection of large indices to be computed, can be quite expensive to resolve.
Prostaglandin E1 and nitroglycerin effects on canine epicardial conductance and distal coronary resistance vessels

Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) has been reported to be a coronary vasodilator and has been considered clinically in the treatment of coronary vasospasm, but its mechanism of action is not known. To evaluate the vasomotor effect of PGE1, epicardial coronary and distal resistance vessel responses were compared by PGE1 and nitroglycerin infusion into the left anterior descending (LAD) artery of the closed-chest dog. Coronary angiography and 133Xe washout flow measurements were used to quantitate proximal and distal vessel responses, respectively. To evaluate potential inhibitory actions, vessels were contracted by continuous LAD infusion of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) or serotonin before dose-response testing with PGE1 or nitroglycerin. PGE1 alone produced a 20% dilation of the LAD in vivo but only with the highest dose (2.0 micrograms/min). PGE1, however, did not reverse epicardial vessel constriction induced by PGF2 alpha or serotonin. LAD flows (resistance vessel response) were increased comparably by PGE1 alone and with PGF2 alpha added (100 and 93% above control flow, respectively) but to a lesser extent with serotonin added (57% above control). In contrast, nitroglycerin completely reversed epicardial artery constrictions induced by PGF2 alpha and serotonin. Our findings indicate that although PGE1 is a vasodilator in vivo, it does not demonstrate a major effect in dilating epicardial conductance coronary arteries and therefore may not be beneficial in antagonizing endogenous contractile factors in treatment of coronary vasospasm. PGE1 does increase coronary blood flow by dilating distal resistance vessels. The beneficial effects of PGE1 in humans with unstable angina therefore are probably not due to vasorelaxing effects on epicardial coronary conductance arteries.
On local dependence and stochastic inequalities with applications to contingency tables

Inequalities, local dependence and orderings of random variables or their distribution functions are presented. The notions of local dependence, stochastic orderings are studied and compared. Inequalities and association in ordinal contingency table as well as applications of families of distribution functions satisfying the notions discussed are presented.
Bread and circuses: shifting frames and changing references in ordinary Muscovites' political talk

The debates around the course of the Russian transformation, intensified by the sudden collapse of the Russian economic system in August 1998, typically deal with phenomena and issues involved by analyzing the structure and functioning of political elites, parties and institutions. While all of these provide interesting and revealing data, they fail to pay sufficient attention to everyday lives of the ordinary Russian people who face increasing hardships with endurance and ingenuity. This paper is a part of an ongoing project which focuses on the adaptive strategies developed by ordinary Russians in response to a drastically changing societal environment. This paper presents some early findings pertaining to the shifts adaptive strategies of Muscovites underwent after the economic collapse, and suggests that these shifts may start to explain why, despite the dramatic worsening of the economic situation, no major public protest actions have occurred so far. © 2001 The Regents of the University of California. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Purification and characterization of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from the anaerobic ruminal bacterium Ruminococcus flavefaciens.

Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxykinase was purified 42-fold with a 25% yield from cell extracts of Ruminococcus flavefaciens by ammonium sulfate precipitation, preparative isoelectric focusing, and removal of carrier ampholytes by chromatography. The enzyme had a subunit molecular mass of ∼66.3 kDa (determined by mass spectrometry), but was retained by a filter having a 100-kDa nominal molecular mass cutoff. Optimal activity required activation of the enzyme by Mn2+ and stabilization of the nucleotide substrate by Mg2+. GDP was a more effective phosphoryl acceptor than ADP, while IDP was not utilized. Under optimal conditions the measured activity in the direction of PEP carboxylation was 17.2 μmol min–1 (mg enzyme)–1. The apparent K m values for PEP (0.3 mM) and GDP (2.0 mM) were 9- and 14-fold lower than the apparent K m values for the substrates of the back reaction (oxaloacetate and GTP, respectively). The data are consistent with the involvement of PEP carboxykinase as the primary carboxylation enzyme in the fermentation of cellulose to succinate by this bacterium.
Cost models of components for free-space optically interconnected systems

The cost of components for optically interconnected systems, such as optoelectronic device arrays and computer generated holograms, depends on their method of manufacture. In this paper, we built analytic models that measure component cost based on the cost and yield of each manufacturing step. Using these models we show that for large optoelectronic arrays, the most cost-effective implementation is hybrid, not monolithic. Moreover, we show that the most cost-effective interconnection hologram is monolithic.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Towards a Reassessment of Fin‐de‐Siècle Vienna

This article attempts to re-define the terms of debate surrounding the socio-historical, political, aesthetic, and philosophical significance of the Impressionist movement in turn-of-the-century Vienna. It calls into question the adequacy of the traditional paradigm of crisis and argues that the Jung Wien movement may be viewed as an attempt by the Austro-German elite to fashion a form of cultural monism that complemented the political move of the Habsburg monarchy to preserve its empire.
Purification, characterization and possible function of alpha-N-acylamino acid hydrolase from bovine liver.

Abstract α-N-Acylamino acid hydrolase from bovine liver has been purified approx. 1700-fold with a yield of 28%. Based on the results of studies using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the purified enzyme is homogeneous. This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of α-N-acylated amino acids to yield the acyl group and the corresponding amino acid, α-Acetylmethionine was the most rapidly hydrolyzed substrate tested for this enzyme. Most of the other α-N-acylated amino acids used as substrates were hydrolyzed. Some, however, were cleaved at less than 1% of the rate observed for N-acetylmethionine, α-N-Acylamino acid hydrolase did not catalyze the hydrolysis of N- acetyl- d -alanine , N-acetyl-β-alanine, ϵ-N-acetyllysine, N-acetylglycinamide or α-N-acetylated peptides. When incubated with this enzyme the chloroacetyl derivatives of leucine and valine were hydrolyzed approx. 8- and 3-times, respectively, more rapidly than the corresponding N-acetyl derivatives. On the other hand, N-formylmethionine was hydrolyzed at only 60% the rate of N-acetylmethionine. Other studies on α-N-acylamino acid hydrolase have shown that it is a dimer composed of two 40 000 molecular weight monomers, it is active over a broad pH range with maximal activity at approx. pH 8.5, and requires Zn2+ for enzymatic activity. The substrate specificity and other properties of bovine liver α-N-acylamino acid hydrolase are very similar to those reported for acylase I isolated from porcine kidney [7]. We suggest that this enzyme functions in the catabolism of α-N-acetylamino acids resulting from the turnover of α-N-acetylated proteins.
Availability of Low-Threshold Ca2+ Current in Retinal Ganglion Cells

Spiking in central neurons depends on the availability of inward and outward currents activated by depolarization and on the activation and priming of currents by hyperpolarization. Of these proces...
The radiometric titration of trace amounts of zinc

Abstract A method of radiometric titration for the determination of trace amounts of metals has been developed. The EDTA complex of the metal to be determined is formed, and the excess, uncomplexed metal ions are removed by means of a cationic exchanger. A titration curve is then constructed by plotting the activity of the liquid phase, vs. the amount of EDTA added. Both the batch and column method were tried in this laboratory, and it is our opinion that the batch method is easier from a manipulative point of view. A new method of determining the end point was developed. If both the resin and solution are counted, this is a simple way of determining the half equivalent point. Methods are underway to maximize the sensitivity for zinc by chelating radiometric titration.
The diagnosis and reporting of adenocarcinoma of the prostate in core needle biopsy specimens

BACKGROUND. There has been relatively little written on the diagnosis and reporting of adenocarcinoma of the prostate diagnosed in core needle biopsy specimens. METHODS. This article reviews issues concerning diagnosing, grading, and quantification of prostate carcinoma in core needle biopsy specimens. RESULTS. The diagnosis of prostate carcinoma in core needle biopsy specimens is discussed, including the relative frequency and utility of various architecture, cytologic, and ancillary features. Grading of prostate carcinoma in core needle biopsy specimens is evaluated along with the relationship of core needle biopsy grade to corresponding radical prostatectomy grade. The relationship between the extent of carcinoma in core needle biopsy specimens to extent of tumor in the radical prostatectomy is summarized. Finally, this article summarizes articles supporting the use of high molecular weight cytokeratin in the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate in core needle biopsy specimens. CONCLUSIONS. Pathologists are not only called upon to diagnose limited cancer in core needle biopsy specimens, but also to quantify and grade these cancers accurately. Issues relating to this pathologic evaluation are critical for physicians treating men with adenocarcinoma of the prostate.
Phosphorylation of Gata1 at serine residues 72, 142, and 310 is not essential for hematopoiesis in vivo

Phosphorylation of transcription factors is important in posttranslational control of protein function. The indispensable zinc-finger transcription factor, Gata1, is phosphorylated constitutively at 6 serine residues (26, 49, 72, 142, 178, 187), and at a seventh (310) following induction of erythroid differentiation. However, the biologic consequences of phosphorylation with respect to function are unclear. To address this issue, we generated mice with serine-to-alanine mutations at the inducibly phosphorylated serine 310 alone or at conserved serine residues 72, 142, and 310 together. The peripheral blood parameters of the mice were normal, as was their response to acute erythropoietic stress. Analysis of hematopoietic progenitor populations during ontogeny and into adulthood showed a moderate decrease in erythroid burst-forming unit (BFU-E) and erythroid colony-forming unit (CFU-E) numbers only in the adult bone marrow of the triple mutant. Yet, later stage erythropoiesis was not perturbed. This suggests that any molecular consequences associated with loss of phosphorylation at residues 72, 142, and 310 can be compensated for in the in vivo environment.
Effects of Input Shaping on Manual Tracking with Flexible and Time-Delayed System Dynamics

Abstract Manual tracking tasks are more difficult when the system used for tracking has flexibility and time delays. This paper uses a set of operator experiments to quantitatively examine how system flexibility and time delays degrade manual tracking. Additionally, it investigates the effects of adding input shaping to the system. Performance is quantified by root-mean-squared tracking error and subjective rating of difficulty.
Cultural Influences on the Moral Status of Reciprocity and the Discounting of Endogenous Motivation

Americans and Hindu Indians evaluated hypothetical situations in which helping was performed in response to prior reciprocity, in response to a monetary payment, or spontaneously. Reciprocity considerations increase the number of Indians viewing helping in moral terms but had no effect on moral judgment among Americans. Americans judged that helping is less endogenously motivated when undertaken in response to the norm of reciprocity than when spontaneous, whereas Indians viewed helping as equally endogenously motivated in those two cases. Results imply that interpersonal reciprocity is invested with a deontological moral status rather than viewed in purely utilitarian terms in cultures emphasizing interdependent, as contrasted with independent, views of the self: The findings also suggest that less of a dichotomy is drawn between communal and exchange relationships and between endogenous motivation and normative conformity in the former type of culture.
Influence of p-chloroamphetamine on female sexual reflexes and brain monoamine levels.

Summary The effect of p -chloroamphetamine (PCA) on female sexual reflexes was biphasic. Administration of PCA to receptive females initially terminated ongoing sexual behavior and this effect was correlated with the release of monoamines, particularly serotonin (5-HT). Sexual reflexes were abolished within 15 min of PCA injection. Other reflexes, including reciprocal forepaw treading, lateral head weaving, hindlimb abduction and Straub tail, were elicited by PCA. The long term influence of PCA was the opposite. A facilitation of female sexual behavior occurred accompanied by a relatively specific depletion of 5-HT (10 mg/kg, 66% depletion; 20 mg/kg, 80% depletion) with both dopamine and norepinephrine depleted by less than 15%. This long term facilitation of female sexual reflexes was not blocked by dexamethazone suggesting that PCA was acting directly on the neural substrate for mating and did not produce its facilitation via adrenal progesterone. This biphasic influence of PCA on mating reflexes, paralleling its effect on monoamine transmission, suggests serotonergic involvement in the integration of mating behavior.
Large tensions in random elastic networks.

The probability density of large tensions in a random spring network is shown to behave asymptotically as \ensuremath{\rho}(T)\ensuremath{\sim}exp(-${\mathit{AT}}^{1/\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}$). This result follows from the assumption that large tensions are found at the center of funnel-shaped defects. The probability of finding a defect of a given size then controls the distribution of large tensions. The exponent \ensuremath{\alpha} (0\ensuremath{\le}1) is determined analytically by solving the biharmonic equation for a critical defect. Numerical simulations of random elastic networks are consistent with the analytic results and show explicitly that the largest tensions are found in funnel-shaped defects.
Effect of septal ablation on choline acetyltransferase in the paraventricular nucleus

Abstract To determine whether there is a cholinergic projection from the lateral septum to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH), a quantitative histochemical analysis of the effects of unilateral ablation (0.5 μl of a 10 μg/ml solution of ibotenic acid) of the lateral septum (LSV) on the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity of the PVH and surrounding perinuclear area was under-taken. Comparisons of the ChAT activity of the PVH region ipsilateral to the LSV lesion (lesioned side) with that of the PVH contralateral (nonlesioned side) to the ablated LSV showed a 20% reduction ( p p p
Fusions of the lac operon to the transfer RNA gene tyrT of Escherichia coli

The tyrT gene codes for one of the tyrosirie tRNA species. Using the Casadabatn (1976a) technique, strains of Escherichia coli were isolated in which the lac structural genes are fused to the promoter of the tyrT gene. This procedure involved obtaining a number of insertions of phage Mu DNA in the tyrT gene, lysogenizing the Mu insertion strains with a λplac-Mu hybrid phage, and selecting Lac+ derivatives of such lysogens. In a number of Lac+ strains thus obtained, the synthesis of β-galactosidase, the product of the lacZ gene, is regulated in a similar fashion to the synthesis of stable RNA. The fusion strains were shown directly to be tyrT-lac fusions by demonstrating that a Mu insertion in the tyrT gene when genetically recombined into the presumed fusion, inactivates the expression of the lac genes. This result shows that tyrT gene sequences are fused to and control the expression of the lac genes in these strains. This is the first report in which genes which code for proteins have been fused to a stable RNA gene in vivo.
Allelic Variation in the Porcine MYF5 Gene Detected by PCR–SSCP

The MYF5 gene has been reported to be integral to muscle growth and development, and hence it has been considered as a candidate gene for meat selection programs in pig. To ascertain whether there was variation in the porcine MYF5 gene, we have developed a method of PCR-single-strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis. In this study, two coding regions of the MYF5 gene were investigated. Four unique SSCP patterns were detected in exon 1 and three patterns were identified in exon 3. Two SNPs detected in exon 1 led to a non-synonymous alanine/proline substitution. A nucleotide change in exon 3 did not affect the amino acid sequence. Five extended haplotypes were observed across the two regions. The variation detected in this study might underpin the development of gene markers for improved muscle growth in pig breeding.
Nuclear structure dependence of the (p,π+) reaction

The relative cross sections for exciting particular states in the (p,${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$) reaction near threshold are calculated with the shell model assuming dominance of the elementary p+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}d+${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ reaction. Results from the plane-wave approximation show that strongly excited states for $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ and $^{13}\mathrm{C}$ targets can be accounted for in this manner.
A Novel, Catheter-Based Approach to Left Ventricular Assist Device Deactivation After Myocardial Recovery

We describe a case of catheter-based embolization and deactivation of a left ventricular assist device using an Amplatzer plug for a patient demonstrating myocardial recovery after diagnosis of nonischemic cardiomyopathy. This procedure can provide a minimally invasive, low morbidity solution for patients wishing to be separated from left ventricular assist device support who want to avoid invasive surgery for device removal.
The meanings of red envelopes: Promises and lies at a Singaporean Chinese funeral:

This article begins with a puzzle. Why do red envelopes appear at Singaporean Chinese funerals? Specifically, why are payments to corpse-handlers, coffin-carriers and gravediggers wrapped in red, w...
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide modulates adipocyte lipolysis and reesterification.

GETTY-KAUSHIK, LISA, DIANE H. SONG, MICHAEL O. BOYLAN, BARBARA E. CORKEY, AND M. MICHAEL WOLFE. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide modulates adipocyte lipolysis and reesterification. Obesity. 2006;14:1124–1131. Objective: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an incretin released from intestinal K-cells during the postprandial period. Previous studies have suggested that GIP may play an etiologic role in obesity; thus, the GIP receptor may represent a target for anti-obesity drugs. The present studies were conducted to elucidate mechanisms by which GIP might promote obesity by examining the effect of GIP on both glycerol release (indicative of lipolysis) and free fatty acid (FFA) release (indicative of both lipolysis and reesterification), as well as the ability of a GIP-specific receptor antagonist (ANTGIP) to attenuate these effects. Research Methods and Procedures: Isolated rat adipocytes were perifused on a column with 10 nM GIP alone or in combination with 10 U/mL insulin, 1 M isoproterenol, or 1 M ANTGIP. Samples were collected every minute and assayed for FFA, glycerol, and lactate. Results: GIP significantly increased FFA reesterification (decreased FFA release by 25%), stimulated lipolysis (increased glycerol release by 22%), and attenuated the lipolytic response to isoproterenol by 43%. These properties were similar to those of insulin in vitro, suggesting that GIP possesses insulin-like lipogenic effects on adipocytes. Finally, ANTGIP reversed the effects of GIP on both basal and stimulated adipocyte metabolism. Discussion: These studies provide further evidence for an important physiological role for GIP in lipid homeostasis and possibly in the pathogenesis of obesity. They also suggest that the GIP receptor may represent an excellent target for the prevention and treatment of obesity and obesity-related type 2 diabetes.
Illustrated description of an interactive knowledge based indexing system

This report discusses the Indexing Aid Project for conducting research in interactive knowledge-based indexing of the medical literature. After providing an overview and background, we describe and illustrate the Indexing Aid System using an extended example, highlighting the knowledge-based capabilities of the system, namely, inheritance and internal retrieval, enforcement of restrictions, and other functions implemented by procedural attachments, which are characteristic of frame-based knowledge representation languages. A feature which generates reports for evaluating the system is also shown. The paper concludes with discussion of the research plan. The project is part of the Automated Classification and Retrieval Program at the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, the research and development arm of the National Library of Medicine.
PERFSIM: a tool for automatic performance analysis of data-parallel Fortran programs

This paper presents PERFSIM, a tool for automatic performance analysis of CM Fortran programs running on the Connection Machine CM-5. PERFSIM executes the scalar part of the program, including all of its control structure, but estimates the running time of all vector operations, including both communication and computation. Our empirical studies show that the overall estimates are accurate to within a relative error of /spl plusmn/13%, the estimates for vector computations are accurate to within /spl plusmn/21%, and the estimates for vector communication are accurate to within /spl plusmn/13%. These relative errors are comparable to deviations in the running time of programs running on the CM-5. By executing the cheap to execute but hard to analyze sequential control thread, and analyzing the easy to analyze but expensive to execute vector operations, PERFSIM produces accurate running time estimates efficiently. In particular, PERFSIM can execute on a workstation and generate in a few seconds performance data that would take several minutes or more to generate on a CM-5 using conventional performance monitors. >
Effects of Coronally Slotted Femoral Prostheses on Cortical Bone Strain

The photoelastic method was used to assess the effects on femoral cortical strain of total hip arthroplasty cementless femoral prostheses containing distal coronal slots. Eight cadaveric femurs were tested, although three were eliminated secondary to fractures. Loaded and unloaded cortical strains were determined at 72 points on the implanted femoral cortex and compared with the values obtained in the intact femur. Three different prostheses were sequentially implanted, in a random order, into each femur. The prostheses consisted of a standard solid stem, an identical stem with a coronal slot in its distal one fourth, and an identical stem with a coronal slot in its distal one half. The slotted stems did not enhance axial load transfer to the proximal medial femur but did result in increased proximal medial assembly strains and statistically significant (P < .05) decreased anterior and posterior assembly strains. The increased proximal medial assembly strains are hypothesized to enhance proximal medial femoral loading, while the decreased anterior and posterior assembly strains may minimize operative implantation fractures.
Antecedents and Consequences of Quality Performance

This study uses structural equation modeling to investigate the influence of management control systems (i.e., quality goal, quality feedback, and quality incentives) on quality performance, the influence of quality performance on both financial performance and customer satisfaction, and the impact of customer satisfaction on financial performance at the business unit level. Overall the results indicate substantial support for our proposed theoretical framework. However, the direct relationship between customer satisfaction and financial performance was insignificant. Further analyses indicate that quality performance mediates the relationship between management control systems and financial performance and customer satisfaction. The implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
Are Respondents Who Omit Conflict Tactics Scale Items More Violent Than Those Who Omit None? A Methodological Note

In a study of 31,801 active-duty Army military men and women, the authors encountered protocols in which moderate or severe Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) items had been omitted. Dropping respondents who omit items could introduce biases into the data. We investigated the hypothesis that those respondents who omitted an item differed in aggression from those who omitted none and hence should not be dropped from the analysis without further consideration. We tested this by means of three comparisons of those who omitted one item and those who omitted none: classification of respondents into no aggression, moderate aggression, and severe aggression; differences between mean CTS scores; and comparison of one-time aggressors with those who reported more than one incident in a year. All three methods indicated that the group that omitted one item was more aggressive than the group that omitted none.
Investigation of the role of transverse flow in co‐injection resin transfer molding

A co-injection resin transfer molding (CIRTM) process has been developed at the University of Delaware's Center for Composite Materials in collaboration with the U.S. Army Research Laboratory. It enables two or more resins to be simultaneously injected into a mold filled with a stationary fiber preform. This process allows for the manufacturing of co-cured multi-layer, multi-resin structures in a single processing step. A separation layer is used to provide resin compatibility during cure and to control resin mixing. Scaling issues relating the role of transverse permeability in resin mixing are investigated. This study presents two different approaches taken to understand the causes of transverse flow and to quantify the amount of transverse flow that occurs during processing. The first approach, a one-dimensional model, explains the important parameters that govern resin flow in CIRTM. The second approach is based on an existing finite element code that is modified to allow for the injection of multiple resins. The total amount of transverse flow was quantified using the finite element code. This research shows that the CIRTM process requires a totally impermeable separation layer if CIRTM is used to manufacture large parts and/or if the resins injected have significantly different viscosities.
Effects of varenicline, nicotine or placebo on depressive symptoms in postmenopausal smokers

Background Varenicline carries a black box warning for neuropsychiatric adverse events. Objective We examined varenicline use and past history of major depressive disorder (MDD) on depressive symptoms during smoking cessation. Method This is a secondary analysis of two smoking cessation studies in 152 postmenopausal women who received placebo or nicotine patch, or 78 women who received varenicline with relaxation. Lifetime history of MDD (LH-MDD) was assessed at baseline and women with current MDD were excluded. Center for Epidemiologic Study Depression scale (CESD) measured depressive symptoms at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks. Results Baseline CESD scores were 5.3 + 4.4. Those with a LH-MDD reported higher CESD scores (p > .001). Those taking varenicline reported lower scores over all time periods compared to nicotine or placebo (p < .01). The differences between varenicline and the other treatments remained when controlling for LH-MDD, indicating an independent effect. CESD scores were associated with concurrent smoking status (p < .001), and with withdrawal symptoms (p < .001). Conclusion CESD score were lower in those receiving varenicline, whether this is due to an anti-depressant effect, subject selection, use of relaxation or another cause is unknown. Varenicline does not increase depressive symptoms during smoking cessation in postmenopausal women without current MDD. Subjects with a LH-MDD are susceptible to developing depressive symptoms during smoking cessation, regardless of pharmacologic aid. Scientific Significance Pharmacologic aids did not increase depression symptoms in this select population of postmenopausal women without current depression. Smoking cessation does increase depressive symptoms in those with LH-MDD, though the degree of increase was not clinically meaningful. (Am J Addict 2014;23:459–465)