cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Myometrial oxytocin receptors levels in the pregnant rat are higher in distal than in proximal portions of the horn and correlate with disparate oxytocin responsive myometrial contractility in these segments.

Distal (D) segments of the pregnant rat uterine horn express myometrial oxytocin receptors (MORs) earlier than proximal (P) segments (day 18 vs. 20, respectively); the levels in D segments remain higher than in P segments throughout days 21-22 and correlate with the segment-specific myometrial sensitivity to oxytocin. While progesterone (P4) had no effect on MOR levels, RU486 increased (t½ 6-12 h) MOR levels both in D and P segments, particularly in days 12-17, and the levels in the P segment equaled those in the D segment. Estradiol had no effect on MOR levels in days 20-22; in days 16-19 estradiol increased MOR levels particularly in the P segment, and the levels in the latter were higher than in the D segment. Capillary plasma P4 levels were higher in P vs. in D myometrial segments. These results indicate, in the pregnant rat, a local uterine control of D > P MOR expression by P4 withdrawal beginning in day 18. We hypothesize that the D > P MOR expression determines a role for oxytocin in initiating my...
Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of niobium-modified BiInO3-PbTiO3 perovskite ceramics with high Curie temperatures

Piezoelectric ceramics with TC < 500 °C were projected in the perovskite BiInO3–PbTiO3 (BIPT) system based on their low tolerance factor (∼0.884). However, a stable perovskite phase could be synthesized only when the PbTiO3 (PT) content was greater than 75%. Furthermore, the large tetragonality (c/a < 1.08) and low electrical resistivity made the ceramics difficult to pole. Niobium-modified BIPT ceramics with PT contents of 80% and 85% were found to possess significantly lower dielectric loss at elevated temperatures, making it possible to polarize the materials. Piezoelectric properties were measured for a BIPT85–1.5 mol% Nb composition with a Curie temperature of 542 °C; the longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient and coercive field were found to be 60 pC/N and 125 kV/cm, respectively.
Application of the compensated arrhenius formalism to dielectric relaxation.

The temperature dependence of the dielectric rate constant, defined as the reciprocal of the dielectric relaxation time, is examined for several groups of organic solvents. Early studies of linear ...
Dispersal of Phytophthora capsici and P. parasitica in furrow‐irrigated rows of bell pepper, tomato and squash

Dispersal of Phytophthora capsici and P. parasitica from point sources buried near the upper end of 74 m-long irrigation furrows was studied with three annual host crops. Furrows next to tomato were inoculated with either P. capsici or P. parasitica, while furrows next to pepper and squash were inoculated with P. capsici only. Irrigation was carried out on a 14-day cycle. Dispersal of each fungus in the water was monitored by transplants in the furrows and the incidence of infected tomato fruit along furrows. Disease gradients on roots and shoots of all hosts were also measured. Repeated irrigations dispersed P. capsici and P. parasitica up to 70 m from the source. Fruit infection increased with increasing distances downstream, suggesting an accumulation of secondary inoculum with the repeated flow of water. Conversely, gradients of disease severity on roots of tomato and pepper peaked at the source and rapidly decreased to low levels up to 32 m downstream. Fruit and root infection upstream from source was negligible. Root and crown rot in squash was highly variable, being confined to locations near the initial inoculum in some units while developing to severe levels several meters downstream in other units. Unlike the other hosts, squash petioles were in contact with the irrigation water and may have served as routes of invasion by P. capsici. Transport of inoculum from the furrow water to the roots was limited. P. capsici isolates were more virulent on tomato roots and caused a higher incidence of buckeye rot on tomato fruit than did isolates of P. parasitica.
Germanium nanowire transistors: A comparison of electrical contacts patterned by electron beam lithography and beam-assisted chemical vapour deposition:

Germanium (Ge) nanowires synthesized using the supercritical fluid-liquid-solid (SFLS) approach were assembled into single nanowire transistor device structures. After depositing the nanowires from solution onto an oxidized silicon substrate, they were electrically connected with source and drain electrodes using one of three approaches: electron beam lithography (EBL), focused ion-beam-(FIB)-assisted chemical vapour deposition, or focused electron-beam-(FEB)-assisted chemical vapour deposition. The electrical properties of the contacts varied greatly with the fabrication method used. Gold contacts patterned by EBL were plagued by high contact resistance with non-linear current-voltage behaviour and poor structural stability. Platinum metal contacts deposited by FEB and FIB were structurally stable with lower contact resistance. However, FIB damages the nanowire by ion milling, implantation, and amorphization. FEB on the other hand produces reliable ohmic electrical contact with minimal structural damage ...
On Scrambling Instructional Stimuli.

the importance of the careful ordering of items became suspect when it was discovered that a student, who failed to read the introductory instructions of a programed textbook, read down the page instead of from page to page so that the sequence of items he saw was numbered 1, 40, 79, 118, 157, 2, 41, 80, 119, 158, 3, 42, and so on. This student still managed to get a high score on the criterion test [p. 101].
Evaluation of the effective elastic moduli of tetragonal fiber-reinforced composites based on Maxwell’s concept of equivalent inhomogeneity

Abstract Maxwell’s concept of an equivalent inhomogeneity is employed for evaluating the effective elastic properties of tetragonal, fiber-reinforced, unidirectional composites with isotropic phases. The microstructure induced anisotropic effective elastic properties of the material are obtained by comparing the far-field solutions for the problem of a finite cluster of isotropic, circular cylindrical fibers embedded in an infinite isotropic matrix with that for the problem of a single, tetragonal, circular cylindrical equivalent inhomogeneity embedded in the same isotropic matrix. The former solutions precisely account for the interactions between all fibers in the cluster and for their geometrical arrangement. The solutions to several example problems that involve periodic (square arrays) composites demonstrate that the approach adequately captures microstructure induced anisotropy of the materials and provides reasonably accurate estimates of their effective elastic properties.
Intrathecal baclofen therapy for spastic hypertonia in chronic traumatic brain injury.

Objective: To describe the outcome of intrathecal baclofen (ITB) therapy in treating spastic hypertonia and its sequelae in individuals with chronic (>14 years) traumatic brain injuries (TBI).Design: Case series.Setting: Free-standing rehabilitation hospital.Participants: Three adult males who received a TBI 14, 17.1, and 19.9 years prior to receiving ITB pump.Outcome measures: Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS); Functional Independence Measure (FIM)-mobility scores; and informal functional evaluation.Intervention: ITB therapy.Results: MAS scores of the five most hypertonic muscles in the affected lower limbs improved following of ITB therapy. FIM-mobility scores did not change from baseline, but certain functional domains improved, such as gait, transfers, and sitting; decreased assistance for activities of daily living (ADL) and nursing care; decreased painful spasms; and increased community mobility and participation in recreational activities.Conclusion: ITB therapy is still beneficial even >14 years after...
G9a and Jhdm2a regulate embryonic stem cell fusion-induced reprogramming of adult neural stem cells.

Somatic nuclei can be reprogrammed to pluripotency through fusion with embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The underlying mechanism is largely unknown, primarily because of a lack of effective approaches to monitor and quantitatively analyze transient, early reprogramming events. The transcription factor Oct4 is expressed specifically in pluripotent stem cells, and its reactivation from somatic cell genome constitutes a hallmark for effective reprogramming. Here we developed a double fluorescent reporter system using engineered ESCs and adult neural stem cells/progenitors (NSCs) to simultaneously and independently monitor cell fusion and reprogramming-induced reactivation of transgenic Oct4-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression. We demonstrate that knockdown of a histone methyltransferase, G9a, or overexpression of a histone demethylase, Jhdm2a, promotes ESC fusion-induced Oct4-EGFP reactivation from adult NSCs. In addition, coexpression of Nanog and Jhdm2a further enhances the ESC-induced Oct4-EGFP reactivation. Interestingly, knockdown of G9a alone in adult NSCs leads to demethylation of the Oct4 promoter and partial reactivation of the endogenous Oct4 expression from adult NSCs. Our results suggest that ESC-induced reprogramming of somatic cells occurs with coordinated actions between erasure of somatic epigenome and transcriptional resetting to restore pluripotency. These mechanistic findings may guide more efficient reprogramming for future therapeutic applications of stem cells.
Organic matter amendments to a calcareous forest nursery soil

Organic amendments were added to a southwestern United States forest nursery sandy loam soil to determine the effects on soil nutrient reserves and subsequent growth of 1.5+0 ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) seedlings. Treatments included irradiated sewage sludge, peat moss and pine bark each at 67 t/ha, sawdust at 43 t/ha, and a control that received no organic matter. Sludge caused immediate increases in soil nutrients, especially N and P. Sawdust resulted in near complete N immobilization 45 d after application. Peat moss and bark did not significantly alter soil nutrients. All treatment effects disappeared within 6 months of application.
Anisotropic thermal conductivity in uranium dioxide

Uranium dioxide fuels the world’s nuclear-power reactors, and so a full understanding of its thermal properties is essential. Gofryk et al. now demonstrate that, despite its cubic atomic structure, the thermal conductivity of uranium dioxide is anisotropic owing to phonon-spin scattering.
SU-E-J-118: Verification of Intrafractional Positional Accuracy Using Ultrasound Autoscan Tracking for Prostate Cancer Treatment

Purpose: Transperineal ultrasound imaging is attractive option for imageguided radiation therapy as there is no need to implant fiducials, no extra imaging dose, and real time continuous imaging is possible during treatment. The aim of this study is to verify the tracking accuracy of a commercial ultrasound system under treatment conditions with a male pelvic phantom. Methods: A CT and ultrasound scan were acquired for the male pelvic phantom. The phantom was then placed in a treatment mimicking position on a motion platform. The axial and lateral tracking accuracy of the ultrasound system were verified using an independent optical tracking system. The tracking accuracy was evaluated by tracking the phantom position detected by the ultrasound system, and comparing it to the optical tracking system under the conditions of beam on (15 MV), beam off, poor image quality with an acoustic shadow introduced, and different phantom motion cycles (10 and 20 second periods). Additionally, the time lag between the ultrasound-detected and actual phantom motion was investigated. Results: Displacement amplitudes reported by the ultrasound system and optical system were within 0.5 mm of each other for both directions and all conditions. The ultrasound tracking performance in axial direction was better than in lateral direction. Radiation did not interfere with ultrasound tracking while image quality affected tracking accuracy. The tracking accuracy was better for periodic motion with 20 second period. The time delay between the ultrasound tracking system and the phantom motion was clinically acceptable. Conclusion: Intrafractional prostate motion is a potential source of treatment error especially in the context of emerging SBRT regimens. It is feasible to use transperineal ultrasound daily to monitor prostate motion during treatment. Our results verify the tracking accuracy of a commercial ultrasound system to be better than 1 mm under typical external beam treatment conditions.
Seeing and being seen: Co-situation and impression formation using Grindr, a location-aware gay dating app

While online spaces and communities were once seen to transcend geography, the ubiquity of location-aware mobile devices means that today’s online interactions are deeply intertwined with offline places and relationships. Systems such as online dating applications for meeting nearby others provide novel social opportunities, but can also complicate interaction by aggregating or “co-situating” diverse sets of individuals. Often this aggregation occurs across traditional spatial or community boundaries that serve as cues for self-presentation and impression formation. This paper explores these issues through an interview study of Grindr users. Grindr is a location-aware real-time dating application for men who have sex with men. We argue that co-situation affects how and whether Grindr users and their behavior are visible to others, collapses or erases contextual cues about normative behavior, and introduces tensions in users’ self-presentation in terms of their identifiability and the cues their profile co...
Spectral estimation using an adaptive oscillator

The paper presents experimental results and comments relating to an adaptive oscillator structure proposed recently by Griffiths. A possible lattice structure for the new adaptive filter is also given.
Second Sound in Solid Helium

An experiment on temperature pulse propagation in a bcc crystal of $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ grown at 95.9 atm shows the existence of second sound in the solid below about 0.58\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. In the temperature range $0.42\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{K}lTl0.58\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{K}$, reflections of the received pulses were observed. In the range $0.58\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{K}lTl1.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{K}$, the temperature pulses were observed to propagate diffusively.
Thallium-201 as a myocardial imaging agent.

The field of myocardial perfusion imaging has made many advances but still is in its infancy. The limitations in the technology at this time include limited instrument resolution of 6–9 mm, intrinsic at the energy of the mercury x-ray; significant rayleigh scatter, which is particularly disturbing because this scatter cannot be removed by pulse-height analysis; and an effective half-life of thallium in the myocardium, which makes repeated imaging over a short period of time very difficult. Although hopes for the development of a technetium-labeled myocardial imaging tracer have burnt brightly, no new agents are presently in sight. Resolution with a technetium-labeled tracer would almost double that of thallium, and the dose that could be administered to the patient would increase by at least a factor of 4. The effective half-life of the tracer in the myocardium would permit multiple images to be obtained at least in the same day. Even with the limitations of the current techniques, however, myocardial perfusion imaging can make a real contribution to the care of the patients with heart disease. Thalium is now produced commercially and reasonably easily obtained. Extraction of thallium by the myocardium is probably somewhat, but not exactly, analogous to potassium. The tracer has major applications in defining shape and size of the heart, thickness of muscle, and especially myocardial ischemia and infarction. this review is aimed at providing a current perspective of these uses.
Embrittlement of Zr-based bulk metallic glasses

Embrittlement of Zr46.75Ti8.25Cu7.5Ni10Be27.5 and Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) is studied after annealing at temperatures below and above the glass transition temperature Tg for time scales comparable with structural relaxation and crystallization. The effect of annealing on the bending ductility, the isoconfigurational elastic constants, the structure and the thermal stability is examined. The embrittlement during sub-Tg annealing originates from structural relaxation and can be reversed by subsequently annealing for a short duration above Tg. The embrittlement kinetics correlate with the structural relaxation. However, only a fraction of relaxation time at a given temperature (<Tg) is sufficient to embrittle the BMG significantly. Above Tg, plasticity is retained for annealing far beyond the relaxation time but, instead, embrittlement is caused by crystallization. The magnitude of the decrease in Poisson’s ratio is insufficient to explain the severe embrittlement within the framework of a critical value as previously suggested.
THE FUTURE OF DIVERSITY IN A TIME OF RETRENCHMENT

The development of higher education in the U.S. has been masked in recent years by a decline in the proportion of the whole provided by private institutions. Some of the less obvious and more speculative reasons for this decline are discussed and suggestions are made as to what kinds of private institution are likely to be more durable. The claim that the virtual disappearance of private colleges would be a calamity is examined. The notion of an Educational Opportunity Bank to provide student loans is discussed in the context of maintaining diversity, quality and freedom of student choice and movement in U.S. higher education.
The effects of the functional response on the bifurcation behavior of a mite predator–prey interaction model

A predator–prey interaction model based on a system of differential equations with temperature-dependent parameters chosen appropriately for a mite interaction on apple trees is analyzed to determine how the type of functional response influences bifurcation and stability behavior. Instances of type I, II, III, and IV functional responses are considered, the last of which incorporates prey interference with predation. It is shown that the model systems with the type I, II, and III functional responses exhibit qualitatively similar bifurcation and stability behavior over the interval of definition of the temperature parameter. Similar behavior is found in the system with the type IV functional response at low levels of prey interference. Higher levels of interference are destabilizing, as illustrated by the prevalence of bistability and by the presence of three attractors for some values of the model parameters. All four systems are capable of modeling population oscillations and outbreaks.
Learning of Dynamic Soil Behavior from Downhole Arrays

An increasing number of downhole arrays are deployed to measure motions at the ground surface and within the soil profile. Measurements from these arrays provide an opportunity to improve site response models and to better understand underlying dynamic soil behavior. Parametric inverse analysis approaches have been used to identify constitutive model parameters to achieve a better match with field observations. However, they are limited by the selected material model. Nonparametric inverse analysis approaches identify averaged soil behavior between measurement locations. A novel inverse analysis framework, self-learning simulations (SelfSim), is employed to reproduce the measured downhole array response while extracting the underlying soil behavior of individual soil layers unconstrained by prior assumptions of soil behavior. SelfSim is successfully applied to recordings from Lotung and La Cienega. The extracted soil behavior from few events can be used to reliably predict the measured response for other events. The field extracted soil behavior shows dependencies of shear modulus and damping on cyclic shear strain level, number of loading cycles, and strain rate that are similar qualitatively to those reported from laboratory studies but differ quantitatively.
Does class size matter

Abstract This paper analyzes pupil-specific public school data unavailable in previous studies and applies instrumental variable econometric methods to account for non-random allocation of students to different class sizes and the endogeneity of the class size variable. By using better data and improved statistical techniques, this paper shows that there are returns to investing in smaller classes for certain students and it provides some evidence on why past literature has produced such inconsistent findings on the effects of class size.
Interaction of hydrogenated molecules with intrinsic defects in a-SiO2

Abstract We present a set of molecular orbital studies of possible defect transformation and annealing mechanisms for radiation-induced defects in amorphous silicon dioxide. We find that several mechanisms require large oxygen vacancies, or internal strain. This is in line with previous results for the structure of the oxygen-related defects. We also present a study of two models for hydrogen decorated E' centers. Our results favor the models of Tsai and Griscom for these defects, although our calculated proton hyperfine interactions are two to three times larger than experiment. We attribute this discrepancy to the rather larger sensitivity of the proton hyperfine to its environment.
The Metabolism of Nitrate and Ammonia by Chlorella.

inhibition. II. Respiration and ethersoluble material. Arch. Bioch. 26: 248-259. 1950. 3. COMMIONER, B. and THIMANN, K. V. On the relation between growth and respiration in the Avena coleoptile. Jour. Gen. Physiol. 24: 279-296. 1941. 4. EICEENBERGER, V. E. and THIMANN, K. V. Terminal oxidase and growth in plant tissues. IV. On the terminal oxidases of etiolated pea internodes. Arch. Biol. 67: 466-478. 1957. 5. HACKETT, 0. P. and SCHNEIDERMAN, H. A. Terminal oxidase and growth in plant tissues. I. The terminal oxidase mediating growth of Avena coleoptile and Pisum stem sections. Arch. Biochem. 47: 190-204. 1953. 6. HARTREE, E. F. Cytochrome in higher plants. Advances in Enzymol. 18: 1-64. 1957. 7. MARRf, E. and ARRIGONI, 0. Metabolic reactions to auxin. I. The effects of auxin on glutathione and the effects of glutathione on growth of isolated plant parts. Physiol. Plantarum 10: 289-301. 1957. 8. MARRf. E., ARRIGONI, 0. and FORTI, G. Sui rapporti di interdipendenza tra gli effetti dell 'auxina sul glutatione, sulla respirazione, sul tenore in legami fosforici ad alto contenuto in energia e sulla crescita. Rend. accad. nazl. Lincei 21: 461-467. 1956. 9. MARRE, E. and FORTI, G. Metabolic responses to, auxin. III. The effects of auxin on ATP level as related to the auxin induced respiration increase. Physiol. Plantarum 11, 36-47. 1958.
Just what is multimedia, anyway?

With all the hype circulating around multimedia and its numerous offshoots: new media, digital media, interactive media, and so on, does anyone really know what this term means? In the quest for a broad definition of multimedia, including its evolutionary origins, the author defines the essential elements of multimedia: immersion, interdisciplinarity, hypermedia, interactivity, and narrativity, revealing the important confluence between the arts, human-machine interface and information technology.
Vascular modifications induced by flow.

Abstract 1. 1. Flow at critical velocities produced changes in the form of channels lined with a deformable silicone, with the development of structures superficially resembling those seen in blood vessels. These effects are attributed to the operation of mechanical forces. 2. 2. At sites of high velocity, such as occur at confluences or at large pressure gradients, the silicone tended to form bilaterally symmetrical cushions. These increased in size until they virtually occluded the lumen, acting as a stenosis and reducing the flow delivery through the system. In some of these cushions, the downstream end was suddenly hollowed out, producing a valve-like structure. 3. 3. At sites of high stream velocity, as at cushions, the silicone was sometimes pulled away from the rigid outer wall of the channel, producing a “dissection” of the wall. 4. 4. The downstream ends of the cushions, or valves, commonly developed polypoid “streamers” whose peduncles became progressively elongated and attenuated; these masses finally broke free, being swept downstream as “emboli.” 5. 5. Transmural perfusion was normally from stream to wall. At sites of cushion formation, stenosis, or valve formation, the pattern was reversed, with flow taking place from wall to stream. 6. 6. Similitudes of these formations and processes to those occurring in the cardiovascular system are discussed.
Template synthesis of N2S and N3S chelates via alkylation of bis(2-aminoethanethiolato)Ni: sulfur- and nitrogen-centered alkylations

Abstract Alkylation of bis(2-aminoethanethiolato)nickel(II) (1) with alkylating agents containing pendant donor groups has been investigated. Reaction with 2-bromoethylamine is strictly sulfur-centered yielding (2-[(2-aminoethyl)thio]ethaneamine)nickel(II)bromide, [(DAES)2Ni]Br2 (2), which was isolated as a lilac solid. Addition of chloroacetamide yields the sulfur- and nitrogen-alkylated product (2-[(2-aminoethyl)thio]acetamide)nickel(II)chloride, (AETA)NiCl2 (3a), as a green solid. Recrystallization from water/acetone yields 3a as single crystals along with single crystals of [(AETA)NiCl(OH2)]Cl (3b). The strictly S-alkylated product (2-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)thio]acetamide)nickel(II)iodide, [(AOTA)2Ni]I2 (4), is obtained upon reaction of 1 with iodoacetamide. A pathway is proposed consistent with the observed leaving group effect on the site of alkylation. The X-ray structures of 3a, 3b, and 4 are reported and the hydrogen-bonding network is described.
Suppression of Stress-Induced Voiding by Controlling Microstructure of Cu Electroplated Films

In advanced LSI devices, the filling capability for the electroplating (ECP) process, impurities in Cu film, and grain growth after ECP are important properties of Cu interconnect reliability. It has been reported that the Cu grain growth depends on the ECP-Cu film characteristics and the annealing conditions. In this study, we focus on the deposition thickness of ECP-Cu films to control their microstructure. It is revealed that a thicker ECP-Cu film enlarges the Cu grain size and reduces the number of small grains. It is also revealed that Cu grains in a wide line with a thicker ECP-Cu film are larger, leading to reliability improvement. A film with larger grains has fewer grain boundaries and fewer diffusion paths of vacancies, and a film with fewer small grains has a decreased number of vacancies. As a result, stress-induced voiding phenomena are apparently suppressed by increasing the thickness of deposited ECP-Cu film.
Atomistic and lattice model of a grain boundary defaceting phase transition.

Recent calculations have shown that grain boundary (GB) stress is too small to stabilize finite GB facets, suggesting that the existing theory of GB defaceting phase transitions is incomplete. We perform molecular dynamics calculations, which show a reversible phase transition at $\ensuremath{\sim}400\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{K}$ with a concerted shuffle of two atoms at the facet junction as the elementary excitation. Based on this excitation we formulate an appropriate lattice model, perform Monte Carlo simulations, and establish an analytical relationship between the elementary excitation energy and the transition temperature.
Design and realization of millimeter wave microstrip circulators

and realization of millimeter-wave microstrip circulatorsHarvey S. Newman, Denis C. Webb, Clifford M. KrowneNaval Research LaboratoryWashington, DC 20375-5347ABSTRACTRecent advances in millimeter-wave monolithic integrated circuit technology have resulted in a significant reduction inthe size and cost of active microwave circuits over the past several years. More accurate device and circuit models, efficientuser-friendly design tools, improved manufacturing processes, cost-effective packaging and high-volume testing have allcontributed to this success. The Ferrite Development Consortium (FDC), sponsored by the Defense Advanced ResearchProjects Agency (DARPA) has effectively applied many of these same techniques to reduce the size and cost of planarcirculators. This paper will review recent activities being conducted in this program related to millimeter-wave microstripcirculators.2. INTRODUCTIONThere are a growing number of applications which place a premium on small size and low cost. Among these aremilitary systems such as missiles, decoys, multifunction active arrays and commercial applications such as automobile radarand personal communication links. The circulator is commonly used to separate transmit and receive functions in such
Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry of Native Ovine Mitral Valves in a Pulsatile Left Heart Simulator

Patient specific mitral valve computational models are being actively developed to facilitate surgical planning. These numerical models increasingly employ more realistic geometries, kinematics, and mechanical properties, which in turn requires rigorous experimental validation [1]. However, to date, native mitral flow dynamics have not been accurately and comprehensively characterized. In this study, we used Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry (SPIV) to characterize the ventricular flow field proximal to a native mitral valve in a pulsatile experimental flow loop.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Gravitational Deflection of High-speed Particles

IN a letter published in NATURE of March 11 Prof. Eddington has shown that the statement made by me in an earlier letter to the effect that Einstein's law of gravitation seems to lead to a zero deflection for a material particle moving with the velocity of light is not in accord with the exact equation of the orbit contained in his report to the Physical Society, and suggests that my approximations were not sufficiently close to warrant my conclusion. The line element from which Prof. Eddington derives the equation of the orbit is expressed in co-ordinates which make the velocity of light different in different directions at any one point, whereas the one used by me requires that the velocity of light should be a function of position only, and not of direction. In terms of my co ordinates the equation of the orbit of a particle moving with the velocity of light is which leads to the same deflection for a material particle moving with the velocity of light as for a light-ray. Hence it is clear that my previous corclusion was based on an insufficiently close approximation, and therefore erroneous.
Effect of chronic oral cadmium exposure and withdrawal on cadmium residues in organs of mice

The effects of chronic oral administration of cadmium on kidney and liver residues in mice were studied. The mice were given either 0, 3, or 300 ppM cadmium as cadmium chloride in deionized drinking water for 10 weeks, and were given deionized water for the remainder of the study. The results showed that with 300 ppM Cd there was accumulation in liver and kidney tissue at approximately a 1 : 1 ratio. After 20 days withdrawal, cadmium residues in the liver declined, and by 180 days were approximately 50% of the concentration at the time of withdrawal. The concentration of Cd in renal tissue, especially in mice exposed to 300 ppM Cd, remained relatively constant, or was slightly increased during 180 days after withdrawal from Cd exposure. Thus the liver : kidney ratios changed to 1 : 1.5 at 40 days withdrawal and 1 : 2 after 180 days. For chronic exposure, the biological half life of Cd in liver tissue was approximately 180 days as compared to 43 to 63 days following single oral doses or injections of Cd, as reported by other workers.
Molecular Wire Behavior in π-Stacked Donor-Bridge-Acceptor Tertiary Arylureas

The synthesis, structure, and electronic properties of a series of tertiary polyarylureas possessing pyrene and dimethylaniline capping groups separated by zero-to-four phenylenediamine bridging groups are described. These molecules adopt folded π-stacked structures. The dynamics of photoinduced charge separation and charge recombination are investigated by femtosecond broadband pump−probe spectroscopy. The structure lacking a bridging group displays ultrafast charge separation (within 2 ps) and charge recombination typical of stacked dyad systems. Structures having one-to-four bridging groups undergo charge separation with decay times of 8−21 ps and charge recombination with decay times of 60−120 ps that are only weakly dependent upon the distance between the pyrene and dimethylaniline capping groups. This behavior is similar to that of wire-like systems having extended conjugated bridges and provides the first example of wire-like behavior in a π-stacked donor-bridge-acceptor system.
A 110-kDa nuclear shuttle protein, nucleolin, specifically binds to adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV-2) capsid.

Abstract A 110-kDa protein was copurified with adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV-2) virions after CsCl density gradient isopycnic centrifugation. Amino acid sequence of peptides derived from this protein after tryptic digestion, monoclonal antibody production, and Western blot analysis showed that the copurified protein was the major nucleolar phosphoprotein, human nucleolin. Virus overlay assays demonstrated that AAV-2 capsid specifically bound to the human nucleolin, and immunoprecipitation studies confirmed the in vitro binding of nucleolin and intact AAV-2 capsids but not denatured viral proteins. Double-immunofluorescence staining of infected cells showed that AAV capsid and nucleolin were colocalized in both cytoplasm and nucleus. In addition, when cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions were extracted from AAV-infected KB cells at different time points postinfection, immunoprecipitation data and Western blotting showed that AAV capsid formation and nucleolin interact specifically and share their subcellular localization in infected cells. With the known functions of nucleolin in the synthesis of rRNA and ribosome assembly, binding to single-stranded DNA, and acting as a shuttle between cytoplasm and nucleolus, our data showing that AAV-2 capsid binds specifically to nucleolin both in vitro and in vivo suggest a key role of nucleolin in AAV-2 replication, particularly in capsid assembly.
Osteoarticular Allogeneic Bone Grafting in Dogs

A review of the clinical and pathologic evaluation of allogeneic bone grafts is presented with particular emphasis upon partial joint replacement. The histologic evaluation of cortical bone transplantation is reviewed. Radiographic evaluation of cortical bone transplants is presented in an attempt to understand the normal events that take place in incorporation of the graft by the host. The histologic and radiographic correlation is related to the healing process. Current methods of graft collection and storage are reviewed. While collection of the graft is fairly uniform, there are many varied treatment and storage procedures. General surgical procedures used in performing full cortical bone grafts are reviewed. The clinical use of an osteoarticular allogeneic bone graft in the elbow of a dog is presented, with a review of the operative and postoperative evaluation of the clinical patient.
Quantitation of differences between spontaneous and induced liver tumors in mice with an automated image analyzer

Abstract Spontaneous hepatocellular neoplasms of B6C3F1 mice (basophilic neoplasms) as well as those induced with the herbicide Nitrofen (eosinophilic neoplasms) were observed with an image analyzing computer to determine if quantifiable morphologic differences existed between them. Several morphologic parameters were measured on 5 liver sections from each of the following groups: (a) unexposed control liver; (b) non-trabecular basophilic neoplasms; (c) trabecular basophilic neoplasms; (d) small well circumscribe eosinophilic neoplasms; and large irregular eosinophilic neoplasms without (e) and with (f) pulmonary metastases. The total number of hepatocytes per unit area was significantly smaller in the eosinophilic neoplasms than in the basophilic neoplasms or the controls. This was the result of a greatly increased cell cross-sectional area in the eosinophilic neoplasms, caused predominantly by a larger cytoplasmic cross-sectional area. Nuclear cytoplasmic ratios of cells in eosinophilic neoplasms were lower than in the other groups for this reason. This demonstrates that quantitative morphologic differences exist between the spontaneous and induced neoplasms, which supports the conclusion that Nitrofen is a true carcinogen, and not a promoting agent.
State Government Efforts in Industrial Modernization: Using Theory to Guide Practice

GITTELL R. J. and KAUFMAN A. (1996) State government efforts in industrial modernization: using theory to guide practice, Reg. Studies 30, 477–492. This paper presents a theoretical framework that incorporates economic and political considerations to gain insight into state government industrial modernization efforts. The discussion highlights how information asymmetries and ‘traditional’ business norms may justify the organization of a public manufacturing extension service. We suggest, however, that if left solely to private or to public means, one might expect either the provision of too few or too many manufacturing extension services. Difficulties in calculating benefits and in sharing information can inhibit spontaneous private collective action. On the other hand we suggest that public officials have incentives to institute manufacturing services independent of private demand. To balance private and public incentives we suggest the need for a public–private partnership, along with specific recommen...
Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as a Framework to Examine the Association Between Falls and Clinical Assessment Tools in People With Stroke

Background. Falls in people with stroke are extremely common and present a significant health risk to this population. Development of fall screening tools is an essential component of a comprehensive fall reduction plan. Objective. The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of clinical measures representing various domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) relative to their ability to identify individuals with a history of multiple falls. Design. A case series study design was used. Setting. The study was conducted in a community setting. Participants. Twenty-seven people with stroke participated in the study. Measurements. Clinical assessment tools included the lower-extremity subscale of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Sensorimotor Impairment (FMLE) and Five-TimesSit-to-Stand Test (STS) representing the body function domain, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) representing the activity domain, the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale as a measure of personal factors, and the physical function subscale of the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS-16) as a broad measure of physical function. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to generate cutoff scores, sensitivities, specificities, and likelihood ratios (LRs) relative to a history of multiple falls.
Law of Large Number Limits of Limited Processor-Sharing Queues

Motivated by applications in computer and communication systems, we consider a processor-sharing queue where the number of jobs served is not larger than K. We propose a measure-valued fluid model for this limited processor-sharing queue and show that there exists a unique associated fluid model solution. In addition, we show that this fluid model arises as the limit of a sequence of appropriately scaled processor-sharing queues.
Black heart characterization and detection in pomegranate using NMR relaxometry and MR imaging

a b s t r a c t In pomegranate, black heart disease develops inside the fruit without affecting the rind. Visual inspec- tion is not effective for identification of black heart in pomegranate fruit because of the lack of external symptoms. It has been shown that the water proton T2 relaxation time is sensitive to cell compartmental- ization. Proton NMR relaxometry was used to investigate the water T2 relaxation distribution in infected and healthy pomegranate arils, and to obtain information that indicates tissue damage. Multi-exponential inversion of the T2 data of healthy arils gave three relaxation peaks, which correspond to different water compartments in tissue. In infected arils, the three relaxation components shifted to lower relaxation time and a new fast relaxation component appeared indicating there was water redistribution among cell compartments caused by the infection. The change in cell membrane integrity in arils was also inves- tigated with the aid of paramagnetic ions. T2-weighted fast spin echo images were acquired for healthy and pomegranates with black heart. Histogram features of images, including mean, median, mode, stan- dard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis, were examined using partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The PLS-DA model based on histogram features of MR image showed 92% accuracy in detecting the presence of black heart in pomegranate fruit. The significant change in T2 relaxation distribution in arils after infection proved that T2 relaxation time is a good indicator of black heart in pomegranate. The T2 based MR imaging showed its potential as a nondestructive technique for black heart detection in pomegranate.
Efficient minarea retiming of large level-clocked circuits

Delay-constrained area optimization is an important step in synthesis of VLSI circuits. Minimum area (minarea) retiming is a powerful technique to solve this problem. The minarea retiming problem has been formulated as a linear program; in this work we present techniques for reducing the size of this linear program and efficient techniques for generating it. This results in an efficient minarea retiming method for large level-clocked circuits (with tens of thousands of gates).
Catalytic Studies on Tryptophanase from Bacillus alvei

Abstract Tryptophanase from Bacillus alvei exhibited the expected spectrum of pyridoxal-5′-phosphate-dependent reactions. It exhibited l-serine dehydratase, S-alkyl-cysteine lyase, and cysteine desulfhydrase activities, as well as the classic tryptophanase reactions (all beta elimination reactions). It also acted as a tryptophan synthetase (beta replacement reactions) using indole plus l-serine or l-cysteine or S-methyl-cysteine as substrates. The beta elimination reactions are simple competitors of the replacement reactions for the same amino acid substrates. The kinetics of the reactions were examined in detail using a coupled continuous spectrophotometric assay. A product (indole) inhibition study of the beta elimination reaction with tryptophan showed simple, noncompetitive inhibition; the same study with allosubstrates showed noncompetitive inhibition by indole. These product studies provided data on the beta replacement reactions as well. The results are discussed in terms of a mechanism for the B. alvei tryptophanase.
Three-dimensional nanobioelectronics: towards implementation of quantum information theory and quantum computing

Recently, significant progress and far-reaching discoveries have been made in nanobioelectronics and nanoneuroscience that radically different from conventional electronics and neuroscience concepts. Novel fundamental theories have been emerged striving to coherently understand various aspects of information processing, computing, memory, and information propagation at the cell and brain levels. This paper examines the hypothesis that biomolecules may be utilized for quantum computation. Superpositions of dipole states of base pairs consisting of purine (A and G) and pyrimidine (C and T) nitrogenous complexes may play the role of qubits, and quantum communication (coherence, entanglement, non-locality) occur in the /spl pi/-region of the DNA molecule. This concept is examined in this paper with possible application in biomolecular nanobiocomputers.
Lifespans of fungal rhizomorphs under nitrogen fertilization in a pinyon-juniper woodland

The lifespan of individual microbes in the soil influences nutrient cycling rates as well as population dynamics, but their responses to global change factors such as anthropogenic nitrogen deposition have been challenging to quantify in situ. We used minirhizotron images to track the abundance and turnover rate of individual fungal rhizomorphs under nitrogen fertilization in a pinyon-juniper woodland in New Mexico. We hypothesized that increases in nitrogen availability would alter rhizomorph lifespan and abundance. Sequential images were collected over eight sampling dates from November 1997 to August 1999, and a total of 278 rhizomorphs were examined. We found that neither standing stocks nor lifespans of rhizomorphs differed significantly between treatments. Lifespans of rhizomorphs lasted eleven months on average, indicating that nutrient immobilization in these structures could last for longer than a growing season in these sites.
Absolute photoabsorption measurements of molybdenum in the range 60–930 eV for optical constant determination

Transmission measurements for the optical constants delta, beta of thecomplex refractive index n = 1 - delta + ibeta of molybdenum are performed in the energy range 60-930eV. Free-standing C/Mo/C foils of five different thicknesses are used, and the results are normalized for the presence of the carbon layers in the samples. These absorption results are combined with previous experimental data in the lower energy range and values fromthe atomic tables to obtain the imaginary (absorptive) part of the refractive index for molybdenum in the range 1-30,000 eV. The real(dispersive) part of n was calculated from Kramers-Kronig analysis with the above absorption data. An evaluation with the partial sum rules demonstrates that this new compilation provides an improved set of values for n covering a wider energy range compared with the current tabulated values. The new results are applied so as to calculate thenormal-incidence reflectivities of Mo/Si and Mo/Be multilayer mirrors.
THE DYNAMICS OF PRESSURELESS DUST CLOUDS AND DELTA WAVES

The equations of isothermal gas dynamics are studied in the limit when the sound speed vanishes, giving the so-called pressureless gas equations. The collision of two clouds of dust is modeled with these equations in the case where the clouds have finite extent and are surrounded by vacuum. The delta shock that arises in the initial stage of the collision evolves into a delta rarefaction-shock and then into a delta double-rarefaction as first one cloud and then the other is fully accreted into the singularity. A high-resolution finite volume method that captures this behavior is also presented and numerical results shown.