cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Infliximab-Associated Psoriasiform Dermatitis: Case Report and Review of a Seemingly Paradoxical Inflammatory Response.

Background: Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors, such as infliximab, adalimumab, and certolizumab pegol are effective agents in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Some individuals undergoing anti-TNF-α therapy for Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis develop psoriasiform lesions. This is a paradoxical finding, as classical psoriasis is known to respond to these agents. Purpose: The clinical features of anti-TNF-α-induced psoriatic dermatitis are described. Method: A 60-year-old man with Crohn’s disease treated with infliximab, who developed anti-TNF-α-induced psoriasiform dermatitis, is described. Results: The man developed erythematous skin lesions in the bilateral axillae two years after beginning infliximab treatment for Crohn’s disease. Biopsy revealed psoriasiform dermatitis, consistent with a diagnosis of anti-TNF-α-induced psoriasiform dermatitis. He was treated with clobetasol 0.05% ointment twice daily for two weeks and had significant improvement. Subsequently, he used the corticosteroid ointment two days per week and calcipotriene 0.005% ointment twice daily for five days per week to achieve and maintain clear skin. Conclusions: Anti-TNF-α-induced psoriasiform dermatitis is an infrequent complication of infliximab therapy. However, the condition may require discontinuation of the anti-TNF-α agent. Anti-TNF-α-induced psoriasiform dermatitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis when evaluating a new erythematous skin condition in an individual with a history of inflammatory bowel disease who is being treated with a TNF-α inhibitor.
Gametic disequilibrium in cats: epistasis is an unlikely cause

The cause of the statistically significant gametic disequilibrium observed between cat coat variants by Hedrick is unclear. Based on the analysis by Hastings, epistatic selection does not appear to be the primary explanation for the observed associations as I had previously concluded.
A general mesh independence principle for Newton's method applied to second order boundary value problems

Recent work has established that for certain classes of nonlinear boundary value problems, the number of Newton iterations applied to the related standard discrete problem for a given tolerance is independent of the mesh size when the mesh is sufficiently fine. This paper develops an extension of the mesh independence principle by relaxing the assumption on the differential equation, its boundary conditions, and the related difference approximation.
Entangled Gluons: Replies to Casati, Han, Kim, and Yagisawa

In their essays in the issue of the IJPS, Filippo Casati, Sungil Han, Seahwa Kim, and Takashi Yagisawa comment on a number of issues in One (Priest 2014; mainly its first part). Let me start by tha...
Soliton Microcomb Physics and Applications

The physics of dissipative Kerr solitons in high-Q micro cavities is reviewed including discussion of Raman effects and counter-propagating soliton behavior.
Don’t Be a Do-Nothing-Bitch: Popular Feminism and Women’s Physical Empowerment in the UFC

This chapter examines the Ultimate Fighting Championship’s (UFC's) incorporation of women into their brand. Women’s inclusion has occurred amidst the rise of “popular feminism,” which is invested in increasing the self-confidence of girls and women via consumerism and individualism. UFC media emphasises discourses supporting girls and women’s strength and martial talent and simultaneously positions fighters as empowered heroines who challenge and contradict the disenfranchising effects of body discipline in the media. This brand ethos imagines itself as rebelling against protracted notions of white femininity as physically weak and fragile and instead celebrates self-discipline and individual empowerment through fitness. This chapter sheds light on the growing cultural discontent with representations of thin White feminine bodies even as cultural discourses maintain the pre-eminence of Whiteness.
On the Initial Value Problem of the Whitham Averaged System

The initial value problem in question is concerning the Whitham averaged system: $${{\beta }_{{it}}} + {{\lambda }_{i}}\left( {{{\beta }_{1}},{{\beta }_{2}},{{\beta }_{3}}} \right){{\beta }_{{ix}}} = 0i = 1,2,3$$ (1) where $$ {{\lambda }_{1}}\left( {{{\beta }_{1}},{{\beta }_{2}},{{\beta }_{3}}} \right) = 2\left( {{{\beta }_{1}} + {{\beta }_{2}} + {{\beta }_{3}}} \right) + 4\left( {{{\beta }_{1}} - {{\beta }_{2}}} \right)\frac{{K\left( s \right)}}{{E\left( s \right)}} $$ (2) $$ {{\lambda }_{2}}\left( {{{\beta }_{1}},{{\beta }_{2}},{{\beta }_{3}}} \right) = 2\left( {{{\beta }_{1}} + {{\beta }_{2}} + {{\beta }_{3}}} \right) + 4\left( {{{\beta }_{2}} - {{\beta }_{1}}} \right)\frac{{{{s}^{2}}K\left( s \right)}}{{E\left( s \right) - \left( {1 - {{s}^{2}}} \right)K\left( s \right)}} $$ (3) $$ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {{{\lambda }_{3}}\left( {{{\beta }_{1}},{{\beta }_{2}},{{\beta }_{3}}} \right) = 2\left( {{{\beta }_{1}} + {{\beta }_{2}} + {{\beta }_{3}}} \right) + 4\left( {{{\beta }_{2}} - {{\beta }_{3}}} \right)\frac{{K\left( s \right)}}{{E\left( s \right) - K\left( s \right)}}} \\ {{{s}^{2}} = \frac{{{{\beta }_{2}} - {{\beta }_{3}}}}{{{{\beta }_{1}} - {{\beta }_{3}}}}} \\ \end{array} $$ (4) K(s) and E(s) are complete elliptic integrals of first and second kind.
Endogenous Mineralization, Inclusions, and Deposition Disorders

The entities discussed in this chapter are diverse. Many come under the heading of metabolic diseases, which may be congenital or acquired. Others have, or act through, an immunologic basis. A few have a single identifiable cause. Some represent a common tissue response to multiple identified causes, while others appear to have no known causes.
Relationships between Sabbath Observance and Mental, Physical, and Spiritual Health in Clergy

Keeping the Sabbath, that is, setting a day apart for rest and spiritual rejuvenation, has been related to better mental health and less stress in cross-sectional studies. However, for clergy, keeping Sabbath can be complicated by needing to work on Sundays and the round-the-clock nature of clergy work. Nevertheless, numerous studies demonstrating high depression rates in clergy populations suggest clergy need to attend to their mental health. Religious denomination officials interested in preventing depression in clergy may be tempted to recommend Sabbath-keeping, although recommending other forms of rest and rejuvenation, including connecting with others, is also possible. This study examined the relationships of Sabbath-keeping as well as multiple other forms of rest and rejuvenation (vacation, sleep, relaxing activities, and social support) to mental and physical health and spiritual well-being using survey data from 1316 United Methodist clergy. Appropriate regression analyses (logistic, linear, and Poisson) were used to determine which clergy were more likely to keep the Sabbath and examined the relationships between Sabbath-keeping and multiple well-being outcomes. Receiving more social support was strongly associated with Sabbath-keeping. Sabbath-keeping was not significantly related to mental or physical health, after adjusting for covariates such as social support, although Sabbath-keeping was significantly related to higher quality of life and spiritual well-being—the original purpose of Sabbath-keeping—in clergy. To adequately test whether Sabbath-keeping could promote mental health for clergy beyond other forms of rejuvenation, intervention studies are needed.
Baroque Soil: Mexico City in the Aftermath

The September 19, 2017, earthquake caused over 40 buildings to collapse in the center of Mexico City, sparking a massive rescue effort and international attention. The damage to the periphery of Mexico City appeared less dramatic as few large buildings collapsed; however, what was broken as a result of the earthquake is far more difficult to repair. It will cost more and take longer than the reconstruction of the center of the city, and the purpose of this chapter is to explain why. In order to answer this question, it will be necessary to consider the way in which the earthquake interacted with the ongoing crisis of soil subsidence that exists in these peripheral neighborhoods, and look carefully at the politics of soil within which this crisis unfolds. Specifically, the politics of soil in Unidad Habitacional Tepozanes will be traced to INFONAVIT’s mortgage insurance scheme, Baroque miracles in the seventeenth century, and the legal metaphysics of subsidence law.
Authorship Attribution

Authorship attribution, the science of inferring characteristics of the author from the characteristics of documents written by that author, is a problem with a long history and a wide range of application. Recent work in "non-traditional" authorship attribution demonstrates the practicality of automatically analyzing documents based on authorial style, but the state of the art is confusing. Analyses are difficult to apply, little is known about type or rate of errors, and few "best practices" are available. In part because of this confusion, the field has perhaps had less uptake and general acceptance than is its due. This review surveys the history and present state of the discipline, presenting some comparative results when available. It shows, first, that the discipline is quite successful, even in difficult cases involving small documents in unfamiliar and less studied languages; it further analyzes the types of analysis and features used and tries to determine characteristics of well-performing systems, finally formulating these in a set of recommendations for best practices.
Overcoming Doubt: Workshop Aimed at Giving Students Strategies to Build Their Authentic Self-Esteem Within Their Computing Major

Much research has been conducted demonstrating that women often have different experiences in computer science than their male classmates. Self-esteem research provides one way we can understand the effects of these experiences as self-esteem has long been associated with well-being and academic success. Some experiences may be positive and enhance self-esteem, where others may be negative and decrease self-esteem leaving students to doubt whether they belong in their computing major. This poster presents a workshop for students that is grounded in research on building what is called "authentic" self-esteem. Authentic self-esteem can be understood as a balance between competence (skills) and worthiness (feelings of connectedness and acceptance). Recent research by the poster presenter based on these two factors of self-esteem revealed that female computing student's feelings of worthiness and competence are unbalanced: (1) their feelings of worthiness are lower than their feelings of competence within their computing major; and, (2) the gap is largest among seniors. This gap between competence and worthiness manifests as doubt just at the time that students should be excited about graduation and interviewing for jobs. The workshop presented in this poster was developed with psychologist Christopher Mruk and is based on his Competence and Worthiness Training (CWT) program. The workshop is aimed at providing students with tools to build their authentic self-esteem through helping to close the gap between their feelings of competence and worthiness.
Designing MPAs for food security in open-access fisheries.

Food security remains a principal challenge in the developing tropics where communities rely heavily on marine-based protein. While some improvements in fisheries management have been made in these regions, a large fraction of coastal fisheries remain unmanaged, mismanaged, or use only crude input controls. These quasi-open-access conditions often lead to severe overfishing, depleted stocks, and compromised food security. A possible fishery management approach in these institution-poor settings is to implement fully protected marine protected areas (MPAs). Although the primary push for MPAs has been to solve the conservation problems that arise from mismanagement, MPAs can also benefit fisheries beyond their borders. The literature has not completely characterized how to design MPAs under diverse ecological and economic conditions when food security is the objective. We integrated four key biological and economic variables (i.e., fish population growth rate, fish mobility, fish price, and fishing cost) as well as an important aspect of reserve design (MPA size) into a general model and determined their combined influence on food security when MPAs are implemented in an open-access setting. We explicitly modeled open-access conditions that account for the behavioral response of fishers to the MPA; this approach is distinct from much of the literature that focuses on assumptions of “scorched earth” (i.e., severe over-fishing), optimized management, or an arbitrarily defined fishing mortality outside the MPA’s boundaries. We found that the MPA size that optimizes catch depends strongly on economic variables. Large MPAs optimize catch for species heavily harvested for their high value and/or low harvesting cost, while small MPAs or no closure are best for species lightly harvested for their low value and high harvesting cost. Contrary to previous theoretical expectations, both high and low mobility species are expected to experience conservation benefits from protection, although, as shown previously, greater conservation benefits are expected for low mobility species. Food security benefits from MPAs can be obtained from species of any mobility. Results deliver both qualitative insights and quantitative guidance for designing MPAs for food security in open-access fisheries.
Improving Universal Sound Separation Using Sound Classification

Deep learning approaches have recently achieved impressive performance on both audio source separation and sound classification. Most audio source separation approaches focus only on separating sources belonging to a restricted domain of source classes, such as speech and music. However, recent work has demonstrated the possibility of "universal sound separation", which aims to separate acoustic sources from an open domain, regardless of their class. In this paper, we utilize the semantic information learned by sound classifier networks trained on a vast amount of diverse sounds to improve universal sound separation. In particular, we show that semantic embeddings extracted from a sound classifier can be used to condition a separation network, providing it with useful additional information. This approach is especially useful in an iterative setup, where source estimates from an initial separation stage and their corresponding classifier-derived embeddings are fed to a second separation network. By performing a thorough hyperparameter search consisting of over a thousand experiments, we find that classifier embeddings from oracle clean sources provide nearly one dB of SNR gain, and our best iterative models achieve a significant fraction of this oracle performance, establishing a new state-of-the-art for universal sound separation.
Propensity score matching analysis of short-term outcomes in robotic ventral hernia repair for patients with a body mass index above and below 35 kg/m2.

The purpose of this study was to compare perioperative complications after robotic ventral hernia repair between patients with non-obese, class-I obesity with those with class-II or class-III obesity. Obesity is a growing epidemic and is considered as an independent risk factor for a multitude of perioperative complications. Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair has been shown as a safe and feasible approach in population with elevated body mass index (BMI). This study compared overall perioperative complications and surgical site events (SSEs) after robotic ventral hernia repair (RVHR) between patients with a BMI 35 kg/m2 or more and patients with a BMI lower than 35 kg/m2. A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted with one-to-one propensity score matching (PSM) method to obtain balanced groups evaluating patients who underwent RVHR between February 2012 and June 2019 in a single institution. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables were reviewed. Postoperative complications and morbidity were assessed using the Clavien–Dindo classification and comprehensive complication index (CCI®) score system. SSEs were compared. Our unmatched sample included 526 patients with an average BMI of 31.2 kg/m2. Of these, 29.8% (n = 160) patients were in high-BMI group (range 35–59.2). After PSM, 142 patients were assigned to each group. Both groups experienced similar complication rates during 90 days. Clavien–Dindo grades, CCI® scores, and SSEs did not differ between the two groups. RVHR in class-II and class-III obese patients is safe, feasible, and effective. In addition to this, it has comparable short-term outcomes with those non-obese and class-I obese patients.
A study of ultrasound-guided double-point labeling for right internal jugular vein puncture and cannulation in infants with randomly set control group

Objective To evaluate the double-point labeling under ultrasonography for right internal jugular vein puncture cannulation in infants. Methods One hundred and twenty infants scheduled for surgery were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=40): traditional anatomical location group (group M), patients′ right internal jugular vein puncture, were cannulated by using the traditional method of palpation of carotid pulsation and identification of other anatomic landmarks. Real-time ultrasound guidance group (group C), a two-dimensional ultrasound scanner image made for locating the puncture site of vessels was used with an operative probe of PHILIPS CX30 system, L12-4 probe unit, real-time boot operation. Ultrasound pre-labeling followed by operation group (group L), an ultrasonic pre-locating two points, which made for locating the puncture site of vessels was used with an operative probe of PHILIPS CX30 system, L12-4 probe unit. The number of attempts, success rate and incidence of complications were compared among three groups. Results There was no significant difference in one-time success rate between group C and group L, but the rates of both groups were higher than the rate of group M (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in puncture times between group C and group L, but the times of both groups were lower than the time of group M (P<0.05). Also, there was no significant difference in operation time between group C and group L, but the times in both groups were less than the time of group M (P<0.05). The main complications were puncture hematoma and arterial injury, the incidence of hematoma and arterial injury in group M were significantly higher than that in group C and L (P<0.05). Conclusions Two points pre-localization under ultrasonography for the right internal jugular vein puncture is superior to the anatomic landmark technique in terms of successful rate and complications. Key words: Infants; Ultrasound; Internal jugular vein puncture
Synergistic Effects of Bcl-2 Inhibitors With AZD9291 on Overcoming the Acquired Resistance of AZD9291 in H1975 Cells

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with epithermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations can be treated with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), however, development of acquired resistance could significantly limit curative effects of EGFR-TKIs. Different mechanisms of acquired resistance to first-generation and second-generation EGFR TKIs have been widely reported, but there were few reports on the resistant mechanism of third-generation EGFR-TKI such as osimertinib (AZD9291). In the present study, significant upregulation of Bcl-2 was found in AZD9291-resistant H1975 cells (H1975AR) compared with H1975, which may constitute an important resistant mechanism of acquired resistance to AZD9291. More importantly, our study showed that synergism between AZD9291 and Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT263 (0.25 μM) or ABT199 (1 μM) could effectively overcome the acquired resistance of AZD9291 in H1975AR in vitro. Flow cytometry analyses demonstrated that AZD9291 + ABT263/ABT199 caused a significantly different cell cycle distribution and produced significantly more apoptosis compared with either AZD9291 or ABT263/ABT199 treatment alone. Further multiscreen/Western blot analyses revealed that NF-κB was significantly downregulated in AZD9291 + ABT263/ABT199 treatment groups compared with AZD9291 or ABT263/ABT199 treatment alone, with a more significant reduction of NF-κB in AZD9291 + ABT199 compared with AZD9291 + ABT263. It is also noticeable that AZD9291 + ABT263 specifically caused a significantly reduced expression of p21 compared with AZD9291 or ABT263 treatment alone while AZD9291 + ABT199 specifically caused significantly reduced expressions of SQSTM1 and survivin, but increased expression of autophagosome marker LC3-II compared with AZD9291 or ABT199 treatment alone. Furthermore, cytotoxicity of AZD9291 + ABT199 could be partially reversed by autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. These results suggest that ABT263 and ABT199 may work through different signaling pathways to achieve synergistic cytotoxicity with AZD9291 in H1975AR. These findings suggest that Bcl-2 inhibitor may provide an effective option in combination therapy with EGFR-TKIs to treat NSCLC with EGFR-TKI acquired resistance.
Theory of Crystallization versus Vitrification

The competition between crystallization and vitrification in glass-forming materials manifests as a non-monotonic behavior in the time-temperature transformation (TTT) diagrams, which quantify the time scales for crystallization as a function of temperature. We develop a coarse-grained lattice model, the Arrow-Potts model, to explore the physics behind this competition. Using Monte Carlo simulations, the model showcases non-monotonic TTT diagrams resulting in polycrystalline structures, with two distinct regimes limited by either crystal nucleation or growth. At high temperatures, crystallization is limited by nucleation and results in the growth of compact crystal grains. At low temperatures, crystal growth is influenced by glassy dynamics, and proceeds through dynamically heterogeneous and hierarchical relaxation pathways producing fractal and ramified crystals. To explain these phenomena, we combine the Kolmogorov-Johnson-Mehl-Avrami theory with the field theory of nucleation, a random walk theory for crystal growth, and the dynamical facilitation theory for glassy dynamics. The unified theory yields an analytical formula relating crystallization timescale to the nucleation and growth rates through universal exponents governing glassy dynamics of the model. We show that the formula with the universal exponents yields excellent agreement with the Monte Carlo simulation data and thus, it also accounts for the non-monotonic TTT diagrams produced by the model. Both the model and theory can be used to understand structural ordering in various glassy systems including bulk metallic glass alloys, organic molecules, and colloidal suspensions.
The Development and Preliminary Psychometric Evaluation of the Theory of Mind Inventory: Self Report-Adult (ToMI:SR-Adult).

This study describes the development and psychometric evaluation of a new self-report measure of social cognition: the Theory of Mind Inventory:Self-report-Adult (ToMI:SR-Adult). Adults with autism (or a suspicion of autism; n = 111) and typically developing adults (n = 109) completed a demographic questionnaire and the ToMI:SR-Adult online. Both quantitative and qualitative self-reports of one’s own theory of mind functioning were collected. The ToMI:SR-Adult performed well under all examinations of reliability and validity (internal consistency, accuracy of classification, contrasting-groups). The qualitative data confirmed impressions of validity and revealed that the adults in our sample had high levels of self-insight regarding their own theory of mind. The ToMI:SR-Adult is offered as a promising research and clinical tool for the assessment of social cognition in adults.
Effects of Tai Chi and running on blood oxygen saturation: a pilot study.

Objectives Large drops in blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) to levels as low as 84% was observed following Tai Chi practice, during a study on the effects of Tai Chi on SpO2. The objectives of the current pilot study were to determine if this was a statistically significant drop, and how SpO2 levels compared to an aerobic activity such as running, in pre, concurrent, and post measurements. Methods Repeated measures of blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) were taken of a 50-year-old male before, during and for 1 min after TC and running. Results Measurements of SpO2 before, during, and after TC resulted in a statistically significant increase in SpO2 during TC (p=1.69e-06), and a statistically significant (p=1.71e-06) brief momentary drop from resting levels, as low as 87% SpO2. Running showed no significant change in pre and post levels, with a significant change and decrease in SpO2 during running (p=1.1e-08), suggesting increased oxygen use by the large muscle groups during exercise. SpO2 returned to normal resting levels following running with no post drop. Results suggest a higher rate of oxygen metabolism during TC, with a potential effect on hypoxic (oxygen deficient) areas of the body. Conclusions Findings suggest direct and unique effects on enhanced blood oxygen saturation and oxygen metabolism, which may underlie benefits for conditions complicated by hypoxia, including cardiopulmonary disease, immunity, chronic pain, and arthritis.
Increase in Mental Health Diagnoses Among Youth With Nonfatal Firearm Injuries.

Abstract Background and Objectives Firearm injury is a leading cause of mortality for US youth. For every youth who dies from a firearm injury, at least 4 more survive. Little is known about the mental health consequences of non-fatal firearm injury in youth. Our objective was to quantify new mental health diagnoses after nonfatal firearm injury. Methods MarketScan Medicaid and commercial data were used to identify youth age 0 to 17 years with an initial encounter for a nonfatal firearm injury in 2016 to 2017. The International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes determined the presence of mental health conditions in the 12 months preinjury, during the index encounter, and in the 12 months postinjury. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with new mental health diagnoses during the 12 months postinjury. Results About 2178 patients (1769 Medicaid, 409 commercial) were identified for inclusion. 844 (38.8%) patients had a mental health diagnosis identified during the 12-month preinjury period. During the index encounter, 184 (8.5%) patients had a newly diagnosed mental health disorder. In the 12 months postinjury, 559 (25.7%) patients had a newly diagnosed mental health disorder. The most common new diagnosis categories were trauma disorders, substance abuse, and disruptive disorders. Medicaid insurance and a prior complex chronic condition were predictors of new mental health diagnosis. Conclusion Over a quarter of youth with nonfatal firearm injury were diagnosed with a new mental health condition in the 12 months after their injury. Health care providers should be vigilant about mental health screening and ensuring access to mental health care services in this population.
Orbital inflammation

Orbital inflammation is a common problem in adults and children, accounting for the majority of all orbital processes. The presentation may be acute, subacute, or insidious. When the onset is acute, the process can be mistaken for orbital cellulitis. In insidious cases, such as the sclerosing subtype of inflammation, the chronic painless course may prompt concerns about a neoplastic infiltration such as lymphoma. Orbital inflammation can be divided into nonspecific, idiopathic, and other specific diagnoses. The differential diagnosis includes allergic, infectious (fungal, mycobacterial, and parasitic), and neoplastic (lymphoma or metastatic) disease. Orbital inflammation impacts neurologists and neuro-ophthalmologists because all of the entities can cause afferent dysfunction (decreased vision, abnormal color perception, afferent pupillary defect, and visual field defect) and dysmotility. The pattern of motility deficit may mimic the more familiar cranial nerve palsies. Advances in the diagnosis and management of nonspecific orbital inflammation and the specific entities that cause orbital inflammation are discussed.
Playing 2048 With Reinforcement Learning.

The game of 2048 is a highly addictive game. It is easy to learn the game, but hard to master as the created game revealed that only about 1% games out of hundreds million ever played have been won. In this paper, we would like to explore reinforcement learning techniques to win 2048. The approaches we have took include deep Q-learning and beam search, with beam search reaching 2048 28.5 of time.
Integrated Education Reduces Negative Attitudes Toward Persons with Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Study

Educational practices to reduce negative attitudes toward persons with substance use disorders (SUD) are urgently needed for undergraduate nursing students, but few studies have examined their long term effectiveness. In this pilot, consenting students completed the Drug and Drug Problems Perception Questionnaire (DDPPQ) anonymously online, before and 1 year after integrated curricular content about SUD. Pretest scores were significantly higher than posttest, indicating higher negative attitudes toward persons with SUD before the integrated content. Time main effect was statistically significant. To our knowledge, this is the first report examining long-term effects of an educational intervention with reinforcement in multiple courses over time upon the attitudes of undergraduate nursing students toward persons with SUD.
What's decidable about arrays?

Motivated by applications to program verification, we study a decision procedure for satisfiability in an expressive fragment of a theory of arrays, which is parameterized by the theories of the array elements. The decision procedure reduces satisfiability of a formula of the fragment to satisfiability of an equisatisfiable quantifier-free formula in the combined theory of equality with uninterpreted functions (EUF), Presburger arithmetic, and the element theories. This fragment allows a constrained use of universal quantification, so that one quantifier alternation is allowed, with some syntactic restrictions. It allows expressing, for example, that an assertion holds for all elements in a given index range, that two arrays are equal in a given range, or that an array is sorted. We demonstrate its expressiveness through applications to verification of sorting algorithms and parameterized systems. We also prove that satisfiability is undecidable for several natural extensions to the fragment. Finally, we describe our implementation in the πVC verifying compiler.
Metabolism of ovarian steroids in a patient with chronic familial anovulation.

Abstract The intermediary metabolism of ovarian steroids was studied in a patient with chronic familial anovulation. The isolated metabolites demonstrated a predominance of metabolites containing the Δ5-3 β -ol configuration. Isolated in ovarian tissue were four unusual metabolites: 16αOH-estrone, 16αOH-dehydroepiandrosterone, 7 ketodehydroepiandrosterone, and estriol-16α, 17α.
An Efficient Algorithm for Finding all Maximal Square Blocks in a Matrix

An efficient algorithm for computing the medial axis transform of an an m by n binary image, that is, an image represented as a matrix of ones and zeros with m rows and n columns, is developed. The medial axis transform is, effectively, the set of all maximal square blocks of ones in the image where a square block is maximal if it is not contained by any other square blocks of ones. The algorithm presented requires O(mn) time and O(n) space and runs in a single pass through the image. This property makes it ideally suited to processing, in real time, images obtained from a linear array scanner since the memory requirements do not grow as the image is scanned and the medial axis is generated as the image is scanned.
Entry approach into pristine ice‐sealed lakes—Lake Vida, East Antarctica, a model ecosystem

Ice-sealed lakes, potentially home to novel microbiota and microbial processes, can provide a window into isolated and geologically ancient systems. These habitats are earth analogs for extraterrestrial systems that have yet to be sampled, though potentially harbor, or have harbored life at some time during their past. They are also small-scale models of the numerous sub-glacial lake systems, which have been identified across Antarctica and in Iceland. Methods are needed to sample these ecosystems with environmental stewardship in mind, in which human impact on the ecosystem is mitigated before and during sampling. This report describes an entry and sampling approach that was executed at Lake Vida, East Antarctica, a permanently ice-sealed lake that has never been sampled. Best practice sampling procedures were developed with emphasis on mitigating introduction of trace organics or microbiota to the ecosystem. The conceptual approach is transferable to other isolated pristine aquatic ecosystems on Earth and elsewhere.
HybrID: a hybridization of indirect and direct encodings for evolutionary computation

Evolutionary algorithms typically use direct encodings, where each element of the phenotype is specified independently in the genotype. Because direct encodings have difficulty evolving modular and symmetric phenotypes, some researchers use indirect encodings, wherein one genomic element can influence multiple parts of a phenotype. We have previously shown that Hyper-NEAT, an indirect encoding, outperforms FT-NEAT, a direct-encoding control, on many problems, especially as the regularity of the problem increases. However, HyperNEAT is no panacea; it had difficulty accounting for irregularities in problems. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm, a Hybridized Indirect and Direct encoding (HybrID), which discovers the regularity of a problem with an indirect encoding and accounts for irregularities via a direct encoding. In three different problem domains, HybrID outperforms HyperNEAT in most situations, with performance improvements as large as 40%. Our work suggests that hybridizing indirect and direct encodings can be an effective way to improve the performance of evolutionary algorithms.
Usability evaluation of a kinematics focused Kinect therapy program for individuals with stroke

BACKGROUND: Continued and frequent use of the affected arm can result in increased function after stroke. However, long-term access to therapy is often limited, and home exercise compliance is low. While rehabilitation gaming is becoming increasingly prevalent, concerns about therapeutic method, safety, and usability for independent home use remain largely unaddressed. OBJECTIVE: The following paper presents usability evaluation of a game based home therapy program called Home Arm Movement Stroke Training Environment (HAMSTER), which is focused on retraining normal arm kinematics and preventing compensation strategies that limit recovery. METHODS: Kinect games were created with special consideration for the stroke population and retraining normal movement kinematics. Ten individuals with stroke evaluated the games in focused interviews and one individual with chronic stroke completed one month of independent HAMSTER use in the home. RESULTS:The focused interviews showed the need for motivational upper extremity home interventions. Usability evaluation showed the ability for individuals with stroke to interact with the kinematics focused Kinect games after a short exposure time. The single participant evaluation of home use showed good compliance and improvement on all of the clinical outcome measures after the one month of HAMSTER use. CONCLUSIONS: These positive results merit further evaluation of kinematic-focused home gaming interventions like HAMSTER to reduce the use of compensation strategies during home exercise and provide a supplement to conventional care to improve exercise compliance and upper extremity function after stroke.
Preparation of the negative thermal expansion material cubic ZrMo2O8

The negative thermal expansion material cubic ZrMo2O8 can be prepared by the carefully controlled dehydration of ZrMo2O7(OH)2·2H2O. The quality of the end product is dependent upon the route used to prepare the ZrMo2O7(OH)2·2H2O. The influence of both the Zr∶Mo ratio in the solution used to prepare the hydrate and the type of acid used in its preparation (HCl, H2SO4, CH3CO2H, HNO3 and HClO4) are examined. Not all acids provide media suitable for the preparation of ZrMo2O7(OH)2·2H2O. Cubic ZrMo2O8 could only be obtained from precipitates containing the hydrate. Starting solutions with a Zr∶Mo ratio in excess of 1∶2 were necessary to avoid coprecipitation of amorphous MoO3. The nature of the acid used in the hydrate synthesis affects the morphology of both the hydrate precursor and the cubic ZrMo2O8 particles. Many of the syntheses examined led to cubic ZrMo2O8 contaminated with amorphous impurities. Highly crystalline pure material could be obtained by using a perchloric acid medium for the synthesis of the hydrate precursor.
High Reliability Systems and the Provision of a Critical Transportation Service

The majority of high reliability organizational (HRO) research analysing the performance of the US Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) air traffic control (ATC), nuclear power plants, and US Navy's aircraft carriers has treated these organizations as individual or separate units studied apart from the larger organizational frameworks in which they function. This research reports the evolution of the FAA's ATC reliability as a part of a larger high reliability system (HRS). A HRS construct was created as a result of a longitudinal case study spanning a period from 1905 to 2002 which analysed the development of the FAA's ATC service. The investigation focused on the emergence and institutionalization of policy‐ and agency‐level HRO attributes in conjunction with emerging industry characteristics associated with high reliability. A three‐tier model was identified that helps explain (1) how high reliability, low error operations evolved in the FAA, (2) how the HRS structure currently maintains reliability in the FAA's provision of ATC, and (3) how high reliability management is incorporated within a regulated US industry as a result of federal policy‐ and agency‐level actions. Understanding how the aviation HRS manages the exceptionally safe and highly reliable ATC structure is important because this knowledge can be applied to other complex public safety and security policy and operational areas where high reliability is crucial.
Switched Reluctance Motor Drives

The sections in this article are 1 Historical Background 2 Basic Principles of Operation 3 Basics of SRM Control 4 Basic Design of SRM 5 Methods of Control With Sensor 6 Sensorless Operation 7 Overview of Critical Issues 8 Advanced Control Schemes 9 Applications
Fisheries Management of Red Snapper in the Gulf of Mexico: A Case Study

In the Gulf of Mexico, the overfished population of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) is a major source of revenue resulting in a dichotomy between maintaining the health of the fishery and meeting the demands of the local economies. In order to govern marine fisheries the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 was created. This act has established a 200 mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ) around the United States coastline and 8 regional fishery management councils whose roles are to develop fishery management plans. With the involvement of the fishers, the councils work to protect fishery resources while managing the fishery in such a way as to produce optimum benefits for society. Therefore, according to regulation, any change in the economic status of the Gulf Coast or the health of the red snapper fishery must result in a regulation change to uphold this balance. In an attempt to improve understanding of the complexity of managing a fishery, this case study illustrates the roles of the various people involved in the extensive process of regulating this red snapper fishery. It introduces the complications that arise in this process through the perspectives of biologists, policymakers, and fishers at each step along the way. By necessity, to introduce the process in a manageable way, various steps, people, and complexities in the process are either reduced in importance or not introduced. All of the people introduced in this case study are fictional, but they are based on actual individuals within the process.
The Immunohistochemical Profile of the Normal Conus medullaris and Filum terminale

Background: The embryopathy underlying tethering of the filum terminale is poorly understood. Few studies have detailed the normal immunohistochemical profile of the distal spinal c
Transient Behavior of Inclusion Chemistry, Shape, and Structure in Fe-Al-Ti-O Melts: Effect of Titanium Source and Laboratory Deoxidation Simulation

In the present study, laboratory-scale deoxidation experiments in a vacuum-induction furnace (VIF) were carried out to elucidate the evolution of inclusions during transient stages after a titanium addition. Three different titanium sources (Fe-70 wt pct Ti, Fe-30 wt pct Ti, and titanium granules) were employed and the results were compared in terms of the inclusion chemistry, structure, and morphology. It was found that, immediately after titanium additions to an aluminum-killed melt, titanium-containing inclusions, which are either single-phase or dual-phase particles having a certain amount of titanium and are contrary to melt equilibrium predictions, were formed. Analysis by transmission electron microscope (TEM) suggested that these inclusions could be Al2TiO5. The change in the inclusion chemistry was accompanied by a shift in the inclusion morphology from spherical to irregular. With time, the inclusion chemistry shifted back toward the thermodynamically stable Al2O3, but the change in morphology remained. The temporary Al2TiO5 inclusions were formed as a result of local high content of titanium immediately after and at the vicinity of the titanium addition. When comparing the different titanium sources, it was found that they can be ranked as Ti > Fe-70 pct Ti > Fe-30 pct Ti, in terms of the amount of titanium-containing inclusions produced during the transient stage.
Small and Large Time Solutions for Surface Temperature, Surface Heat Flux, and Energy Input in Transient, One-Dimensional Conduction

This paper addresses one-dimensional transient conduction in simple geometries. It is well known that the transient thermal responses of various objects, or of an infinite medium surrounding such objects, collapse to the same behavior as a semi-infinite solid at small dimensionless time. At large dimensionless time, the temperature reaches a steady state (for a constant surface temperature boundary condition) or increases linearly with time (for a constant heat flux boundary condition). The objectives of this paper are to bring together existing small and large time solutions for transient conduction in simple geometries, put them into forms that will promote their usage, and quantify the errors associated with the approximations. Approximate solutions in the form of simple algebraic expressions are derived (or compiled from existing solutions) for use at both small and large times. In particular, approximate solutions, which are accurate for Fo <0.2 and which bridge the gap between the large Fo (single-term) approximation and the semi-infinite solid solution (valid only at very small Fo), are presented. Solutions are provided for the surface temperature when there is a constant surface heat flux boundary condition, or for the surface heat flux when there is a constant surface temperature boundary condition. These results are provided in terms of a dimensionless heat transfer rate. In addition, the dimensionless energy input is given for the constant surface temperature cases. The approximate expressions may be used with good accuracy over the entire Fourier number range to rapidly estimate important features of the transient thermal response. With the use of the approximations, it is now a trivial matter to calculate the dimensionless heat transfer rate and dimensionless energy input, using simple closedform expressions.
Adaptive tracking controller design for robotic systems using Gaussian wavelet networks

An adaptive tracking control design for robotic systems using Gaussian wavelet networks is proposed. A Gaussian wavelet network with accurate approximation capability is employed to approximate the unknown dynamics of robotic systems by using an adaptive learning algorithm that can learn the parameters of the dilation and translation of Gaussian wavelet functions. Depending on the finite number of wavelet basis functions which result in inevitable approximation errors, a robust control law is provided to guarantee the stability of the closed-loop robotic system that can be proved by Lyapunov theory. Finally, the effectiveness of the Gaussian wavelet network-based control approach is illustrated through comparative simulations on a six-link robot manipulator.
Campaigns for Conformity

(2001). Campaigns for Conformity. Journal of American College Health: Vol. 49, No. 6, pp. 316-317.
A methodology for the prioritization of operating experience in nuclear power plants

Abstract The processing of operating experience at nuclear power plants is critically important to safe and reliable operations because it represents the process by which important external information is incorporated into the organization. Nuclear power plants typically receive between 800 and 1000 pieces of operating experience every year, of which 70–80 meet the criteria for a more extensive review. This paper deals with the prioritization of these items. Specifically, a prioritization methodology utilizing multiattribute utility theory has been developed. What sets this methodology apart from other techniques employing multiattribute methods is its emphasis on deliberations to achieve consensus among objectives and preferences among those objectives. Along with an explanation of this methodology, the results of its application to the prioritization of operating experience at a nuclear power plant are presented. Lastly, the results of a workshop that was held at MIT are presented. The workshop demonstrated the feasibility of the prioritization methodology and the validity of the case study results.
After Babel: Language and the Fundamental Challenges of Comparative Aging Research

The rapid growth in comparative survey research carried out in multiple countries, or among different language communities within a single nation, has given rise to a renewed concern with problems of translation. The fundamental problem facing the comparative survey researcher relates to the complexity and subjectivity of language, and the fact that complete equivalence of concepts in different linguistic, cultural, and social class contexts may be in principle impossible to achieve. Yet language remains the only medium through which information concerning subjective states, values, and beliefs can be collected. That language and the subjective constructs to which it refers are influenced by a wide range of cultural and social factors. This fact has particular relevance for comparative aging research since older individuals are often monolingual in their native languages and more tied to traditional cultures than younger individuals. This paper consists of a review of basic issues related to the nature of language and communication, and discusses the possibility of a truly scientific translation process. It outlines current best practices, and also raises questions related to the common practice of using information collected with translated survey instruments in ways that assume it reflects a comparable and quantifiable latent construct.