cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of Vaccine Virus on a Transmissible Leukemia of Mice.

SummaryIn 2 experiments, 100 mice of the inbred Ak strain were inoculated with leukemia 9417. One week or two weeks later 57 animals received parenteral injections of living vaccinia virus. The 43 controls received no treatment.Of the controls all but one (98%) were dead within 4 weeks after the leukemic transplant. The lives of at least 10 (18%) of the mice receiving virus seemed to be signincantly prolonged, and 6 of these have survived more than 5 months.The authors wish to express their appreciation for the generosity of Dr. Joseph Burchenal of the Sloan-Kettering Institute, who supplied the tumors, as well as most of the mice employed.
Information Needs Analysis: Principles and Practice in Information Organizations, by Daniel G. Dorner, G. E. Gorman, and Philip J. Calvert

Providing effective library services ultimately depends on a carefully formulated information needs analysis (INA). Increasing the potential of uncovering significant data while avoiding common str...
Experiencing the Bible

ABSTRACTThis study uses interpretative phenomenological analysis, a qualitative interview methodology, to examine the information experience of Catholic readers of the Bible. It presents a detailed, individual-focused account of how Catholics experience the Bible, in its diverse oral, print, and digital manifestations, as a source of religious information. Participants in this study were found to experience the Bible as God's Word, with which they interface in three thematic ways: Connections, Journey, and Practice. These themes are, in turn, linked by the processes of sharing, repetition, and interpretation. This work extends previous research on the religious reading of believers and numinous document experience, and it contributes to a budding conceptualization of reading as an example of document work rather than a merely cognitive activity.
Hypercapnic evaluation of vascular reactivity in healthy aging and acute stroke via functional MRI

Functional MRI (fMRI) is well-established for the study of brain function in healthy populations, although its clinical application has proven more challenging. Specifically, cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), which allows the assessment of the vascular response that serves as the basis for fMRI, has been shown to be reduced in healthy aging as well as in a range of diseases, including chronic stroke. However, the timing of when this occurs relative to the stroke event is unclear. We used a breath-hold fMRI task to evaluate CVR across gray matter in a group of acute stroke patients (< 10 days from stroke; N = 22) to address this question. These estimates were compared with those from both age-matched (N = 22) and younger (N = 22) healthy controls. As expected, young controls had the greatest mean CVR, as indicated by magnitude and extent of fMRI activation; however, stroke patients did not differ from age-matched controls. Moreover, the ipsilesional and contralesional hemispheres of stroke patients did not differ with respect to any of these measures. These findings suggest that fMRI remains a valid tool within the first few days of a stroke, particularly for group fMRI studies in which findings are compared with healthy subjects of similar age. However, given the relatively high variability in CVR observed in our stroke sample, caution is warranted when interpreting fMRI data from individual patients or a small cohort. We conclude that a breath-hold task can be a useful addition to functional imaging protocols for stroke patients.
System Allocated Singly Linked Package

This is the simplest of the three low-level data abstraction packages provided. It provides records containing datum and link fields, allocated using the standard heap allocation and deallocation procedures.
Escape From Cognitivism: Exercise as Hedonic Experience

Cognitivism has been the dominant paradigmatic perspective within exercise psychology since its inception in the 1960s. The fundamental tenet of cognitivism is that behavioral decisions result from the rational evaluation of information. Applied to exercise behavior, cognitivist theorizing proposes that the likelihood of engaging in exercise should increase if individuals are provided with compelling information (eg, about the health benefits associated with exercise). Cognitivism, therefore, overlooks or rejects the contribution of nonrational processes to decision making. After half a century of research based on cognitivist theories and no progress in raising the rates of physical activity and exercise at the population level, it is reasonable to propose that exercise psychology needs a new, broader paradigmatic perspective. Postcognitivist theorizing will likely reflect a “dual-process” conceptualization, combining “Type 1” (implicit, inflexible, automatic, evolutionarily primitive, affect-centric), and “Type 2” (explicit, reflective, rational) processes. A model is proposed, whereby the decision to refrain from exercise results from a conflict between “Type 1” and “Type 2” processes, such that, while most adults recognize the health benefits of exercise, they have associated exercise with displeasure.
Hands like starfish/Feet like moons: Disabled Women's Theatre Collectives

This chapter presents three case studies of disabled women’s collective theatre practice: the Other Voices Women’s Workshop (Mark Taper Forum, Los Angeles) which Lewis founded in 1982; Cheryl Marie Wade with Wry Crips (Oakland, 1985–1989); and AXIS Dance Theatre (Oakland, 1987–present). Why would disabled women theatre artists choose a segregated practice in an era when the struggle for access and inclusion for people with disabilities has been at the forefront of national and international human rights agendas? How does an acknowledgment of difference rather than an insistence on equality foster creative process and product? This chapter ultimately argues that, by limiting their aesthetic focus to the disabled, female figure, these companies have reimagined what is possible on the stage for all of us.
Performance Comparison between Broadcast Authentication Methods for Vehicular Networks

For authenticating time critical broadcast messages, IEEE 1609.2 security standard for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) suggests the use of secure Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA). Since ECDSA has an expensive verification in terms of time, most commonly suggested alternate algorithms are TESLA and signature amortization. Unfortunately, these algorithms lack immediate authentication and non-repudiation. Therefore, we introduce a probabilistic verification scheme for an ECDSA-based authentication protocol. Using ns2 simulation tools, we compare the performance of all above-mentioned broadcast authentication algorithms. The results show with our proposed scheme, there is an increase in packet processed ratio over that of all the other algorithms.
What Dialysis Dose Should Be Provided in Acute Renal Failure? A Review

Increased dialysis dose has been shown to improve morbidity and survival in chronic hemodialysis patients. Despite improvement in care and technological aspects of renal replacement therapy, mortality rates of acute renal failure (ARF) have remained essentially unchanged for over two decades, exceeding 50% in most studies. The occurrence of ARF in older patients with more complicated medical and surgical conditions has contributed to this lack of outcome amelioration, and death of ARF patients is now more frequently caused by underlying disease than ARF itself. A recent prospective survey at this institution found a mortality rate of 79.1% among a total of 363 ARF medical and surgical intensive care unit patients, with a mean age near 60 years and a mean admission APACHE II score of over 20, who were treated by intermittent hemodialysis and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Nonsurvivors had a mean of over four failed systems, in addition to the renal failure, compared with survivors who had less than four. The standards for dialysis adequacy in ARF are not currently defined. Increased catabolism seen in ARF patients in the intensive care unit may justify large dialysis dose delivery. An apparent influence of delivered dialysis dose on the outcome of ARF intensive care unit patients has been recently observed at our institution. Compared with nonsurvivors, survivors had received significantly higher dialysis dose, as assessed by Kt/V and urea reduction ratio. In ARF patients, the discrepancy between delivered versus prescribed dialysis dose may be particularly important and contributed to by the following: reduced blood flow rate and dialysis time consequent to patient intolerance; lower dialyzer in vivo clearances, particularly in heparin-free dialysis; blood recirculation when using temporary vascular access; and postdialysis urea rebound. Prolonging the course of renal failure is one of the risks attributed to frequent dialysis; hypotension and ultrafiltration combined with a deficient renal autoregulation can result in further renal damage. The detrimental effects of bioincompatible membranes have been demonstrated with an induced-delay of renal function recovery. A recent study has reported benefits of biocompatible membranes in terms of potential for renal recovery and maintenance of urine output during dialytic support when compared with bioincompatible membranes. CRRT offers many advantages over intermittent hemodialysis for ARF intensive care unit patients: better hemodynamic tolerance, avoidance of solute rebound, and removal of serum sepsis mediators. However, CRRT have not yet been firmly shown to improve survival rates. Recently, urea kinetics have been used to estimate dialysis dose provided by CRRT. A more stable metabolic and azotemia control has been observed. Cumulative dialysis dose, as assessed by Kt/V, can be significantly higher with CRRT than with every other day intermittent hemodialysis.
State Repression and the Black Panther Party: Analyzing Joshua Bloom and Waldo E. Martin's Black against Empire

This essay analyzes the contention that state repression did not play a primary role in the Black Panther Party’s (BPP) demise. In their book, Black Against Empire: The History and Politics of the Black Panther Party, Joshua Bloom and Waldo Martin, Jr. claim that during the BPP's early years, state repression actually helped garner outside support for the Panthers. The authors furthermore argue that the Panthers only became more repressible after they lost external support due to uncontrollable circumstances. This paper considers their conclusions while also surveying previous scholarship on state repression against the Black Panther Party.
Development of an Aryloxazole Class of Hepatitis C Virus Inhibitors Targeting the Entry Stage of the Viral Replication Cycle

Reliance on hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicon systems and protein-based screening assays has led to treatments that target HCV viral replication proteins. The model does not encompass other viral replication cycle steps such as entry, processing, assembly and secretion, or viral host factors. We previously applied a phenotypic high-throughput screening platform based on an infectious HCV system and discovered an aryloxazole-based anti-HCV hit. Structure–activity relationship studies revealed several compounds exhibiting EC50 values below 100 nM. Lead compounds showed inhibition of the HCV pseudoparticle entry, suggesting a different mode of action from existing HCV drugs. Hit 7a and lead 7ii both showed synergistic effects in combination with existing HCV drugs. In vivo pharmacokinetics studies of 7ii showed high liver distribution and long half-life without obvious hepatotoxicity. The lead compounds are promising as preclinical candidates for the treatment of HCV infection and as molecular probes to study...
The Kitchen, the Cat, and the Table: Domestic Affairs in Minority-Language Politics

This article examines ideological constructions of the domestic sphere in metalinguistic commentary about loss in Buryat, a contracting language of Siberia whose speakers are shifting to Russian. Although calling Buryat “just a kitchen language” suggests that the kitchen is linguistically devalued, a popular joke told among bilingual speakers and its use-in-context show that kitchens can also be invoked to positively demarcate an inner sphere of comfortable, “offstage” interaction, to authenticate otherwise derided ways of speaking, and to build solidarity. The kitchen emerges as a complex discursive resource for commenting on—and for re-creating—pragmatic rules for the use of different codes and registers.
GLUTAMATE OXALOACETATE TRANSAMINASE ISOZYMES OF TRITICUM: EVIDENCE FOR MULTIPLE SYSTEMS OF TRIPLICATE STRUCTURAL GENES IN HEXAPLOID WHEAT

ABSTRACT. The glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) zymogram phenotypes of 54 wheat strains, each possessing a distinctive chromosomal constitution, were determined. Three of the several genetically independent GOT systems expressed were analyzed. The results obtained support the hypothesis that the active GOT isozymes of each system are dimers composed of the six possible combinations of subunits coded by triplicate structural genes. Sets of triplicate GOT structural genes were linked to the chromosome arms 3Aα, 3BL, and 3Dα, to 6Aα, 6BS, and 6Dα, and to 6Aβ, 6BL, and 6Dβ. Genes involved in the production of GOT isozymes were also located in the chromosomes of homoeologous group 7. Tissue specificity in the expression of the GOT systems was observed. The results of this study suggest that genetic regulation of the expression of the GOT isozymes occurs at the level of gene transcription and that the rate of transcription is the same for each copy present of each of the three possible members of the homoeologous sets of GOT structural genes.
Modulation of Wnt signaling is essential for the differentiation of ciliated epithelial cells in human airways.

Wnt signaling is essential for the differentiation of airway epithelial cells during development. Here, we examined the role of Wnt signaling during redifferentiation of ciliated airway epithelial cells in vitro at the air liquid interface as a model of airway epithelial repair. Phases of proliferation and differentiation were defined. Markers of squamous metaplasia and epithelial ciliation were followed while enhancing β-catenin signaling by blocking glycogen synthase kinase 3β with SB216763 and shRNA as well as inhibiting canonical WNT signaling with apical application of Dickkopf 1 (Dkk1). Our findings indicate that enhanced β-catenin signaling decreases the number of ciliated cells and causes squamous changes in the epithelium, whereas treatment with DDk1 leads to an increased number of ciliated cells.
Intestinal microbiota, metabolome and gender dimorphism in autism spectrum disorders

Abstract There is a male predominance in autism, with a male/female ratio of 4:1 and an even higher ratio (11:1) in individuals with high functioning autism. The reasons for gender differences in ASD are unknown. Genetic and environmental factors have been implicated, but no definitive evidence exists to explain male predominance. In this review, evidence is presented to support a hypothesis that the intestinal microbiota and metabolome play a role in gender dimorphism in children with autism. Metabolic products may affect not only gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system, but also behavior, supporting communication between GI tract and central nervous system. Furthermore, mood and anxiety may affect intestinal function, indicating bidirectional flow in the gut-brain axis. Several hormone-based hypotheses are discussed to explain the prevalence of autism in males. Observations in animal models and studies in humans on the intestinal microbiome and metabolome are reviewed to support the proposed gender dimorphism hypothesis. We hypothesize that the intestinal microbiome is a contributing factor to the prevalence of ASD in boys either directly, through microbial metabolites and/or epigenetic factors capable of regulating host gene expression through DNA methylation and/or histone modification.
How to monitor breathing in laboratory rodents: a review of the current methods.

Accurately measuring respiration in laboratory rodents is essential for many fields of research, including olfactory neuroscience, social behavior, learning and memory, and respiratory physiology. ...
More on modal aspects of default logic

Investigations of default logic have been so far mostly concerned with the notion of an extension of a default theory. It turns out, however, that default logic is much richer. Namely, there are other natural classes of objects that might be associated with default reasoning. We study two such classes of objects with emphasis on their relations with modal nonmonotonic formalisms. First, we introduce the concept of a weak extension and study its properties. It has long been suspected that there are close connections between default and autoepistemic logics. The notion of weak extension allows us to precisely describe the relationship between these two formalisms. In particular, we show that default logic with weak extensions is essentially equivalent to autoepistemic logic, that is, nonmonotonic logic KD45. In the paper we also study the notion of a set of formulas closed under a default theory. These objects are shown to correspond to stable theories and to modal logic S5. In particular, we show that skeptical reasoning with sets closed under default theories is closely related with provability in S5. As an application of our results we determine the complexity of reasoning with weak extensions and sets closed under default theories.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Claims from the Viewpoint of Veterans Service Officers

ABSTRACT Objective: To situate veterans' experience of the Department of Veterans Affairs claims process in a broader context, this study explored the beliefs of veterans service officers (VSOs) about the Department of Veterans Affairs disability claims process for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods: A mail survey of the county and national VSOs working in Minnesota was performed. Questionnaires included a modified version of the Disability Application Appraisal Inventory. Results: Most VSOs believe that veterans value the Department of Veterans Affairs disability status for PTSD to obtain validation for what they experienced in the military and that veterans have negative reactions to the claims process for PTSD. VSOs' satisfaction with the claims process was associated with beliefs about its fairness. Conclusions: In general, VSOs' beliefs about the reasons veterans value service connection for PTSD parallel those veterans report. More work is needed to determine how VSOs influence veterans,...
Cooperative Games and Solution Concepts

Let us consider the following situation. Five people, Anna, Bert, Carol, Dave, and Ellen decide to combine forces to start their own business. Each one of them has some skills and some capital to contribute to the venture. After careful analysis of the situation they conclude that they can achieve a yearly profit of 100 (in $10,000). Of course, this amount has to be divided among them. At first assigning 20 to each person seems a reasonable allocation. However, after some additional analysis Dave and Ellen figure out that if the two of them work together without the other three, they can make a yearly profit of 45. This is more than the 40 that they would receive according to the allocation above. Anna, Bert, and Carol also perform some additional analysis and realize that the three of them together can only make a profit of 25. So it is in their interest to keep Dave and Ellen in the group. Consequently, they decide to give 46 to Dave and Ellen, and to divide the remaining 54 equally among the three of them. This seems to settle the problem. To make sure that they cannot do better, Carol, Dave and Ellen decide to find out how much profit the three of them can make without the other two. It turns out that they can make a profit of 70, which is more than the 64 (46+18) that the second allocation described above gives to them. Anna and Bert do not have enough capital to start on their own, so they cannot make any profit with only the two of them. Considering this, they decide to give 71 to Carol, Dave and Ellen, and to divide the remaining 29 equally between the two of them. If Carol, Dave, and Ellen also decide to divide the 71 equally among the three of them some further analysis reveals the following problem. It turns out namely, that Bert, Dave, and Ellen can make a profit of 65 which is more than the last allocation assigns to them (65 > 2 × 71/3+29/2).
A 56-Gb/s PAM4 Receiver With Low-Overhead Techniques for Threshold and Edge-Based DFE FIR- and IIR-Tap Adaptation in 65-nm CMOS

This paper presents a four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) quarter-rate receiver that efficiently compensates for moderate channel loss in a robust manner through background adaptation of the receiver thresholds and equalization taps. The front-end utilizes an input single-stage continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE) to boost the main cursor and relax the pre-cursor cancellation requirement, requiring only a 2-tap pre-cursor feed-forward equalizer (FFE) on the transmitter side. A 2-tap decision feedback equalizer (DFE) follows that includes one finite impulse response (FIR) tap and one infinite impulse response (IIR) tap to cancel first post-cursor and long-tail inter-symbol interference (ISI), respectively. In addition to the per-slice main three data samplers, a single error sampler is utilized for background threshold control and an edge-based sampler performs both phase-locked loop (PLL)-based clock and data recovery (CDR) phase detection and generates information for background DFE tap adaptation. Fabricated in general purpose (GP) 65-nm CMOS, the 56-Gb/s receiver achieves 4.63 mW/Gb/s and compensates for up to 20.8-dB loss at a bit error rate (BER) < 10−12 when operated with a 2-tap FFE transmitter.
Chromosome dynamics near the sol-gel phase transition dictate the timing of remote genomic interactions.

Diverse antibody repertoires are generated through remote genomic interactions involving immunoglobulin variable (VH), diversity (DH) and joining (JH) gene segments. How such interactions are orchestrated remains unknown. Here we develop a strategy to track VH-DHJH motion in B-lymphocytes. We find that VH and DHJH segments are trapped in configurations that allow only local motion, such that spatially proximal segments remain in proximity, while spatially remote segments remain remote. Within a subset of cells, however, abrupt changes in VH-DHJH motion are observed, plausibly caused by temporal alterations in chromatin configurations. Comparison of experimental and simulated data suggests that constrained motion is imposed by a network of cross-linked chromatin chains characteristic of a gel phase, yet poised near the sol phase, a solution of independent chromatin chains. These results suggest that chromosome organization near the sol-gel phase transition dictates the timing of genomic interactions to orchestrate gene expression and somatic recombination. Antibodies are generated through remote genomic interactions involving immunoglobulin variable (VH), diversity (DH) and joining (JH) gene segments. Here the authors develop a strategy to track VH-DHJH motion in B-lymphocytes and provide evidence that chromosome organisation near the sol-gel phase transition dictates the timing of genomic interactions to orchestrate gene expression and somatic recombination.
Emerging Policies in US Health Care

Many issues surrounding cancer disparities among US Latinos—testing, clinical product rules, drug approvals, and funding for research—touch the arena of public policy. During a panel discussion at the conference, Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos, experts offered different perspectives on emerging health policy. Congressman Joaquin Castro, Representative from the 20th Congressional District in Bexar County, Texas, made a call to researchers to advocate for their own work with policy makers in Congress and expressed the need to increase funding for cancer research. Dr. Esteban Lopez from Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Texas spoke about understanding drivers and barriers for Latinos in cancer care. To find strategies for culturally relevant care, Blue Cross is using both published and online research to gain knowledge about what health challenges Latinos face. Dr. Robert Croyle, from the National Cancer Institute, pointed out that health disparities research has moved from documenting what is wrong to raising aspirations and goals to what is possible. Still, Latinos are underrepresented in cancer clinical trials, and one barrier to Latino accrual is the use of comorbidities as exclusion criteria. Also, NCI validates its cancer statistics by linking cancer registry data to census data; so, to support cancer research, we must support a good census. Dr. Elena Rios, President and CEO of the National Hispanic Medical Association, gave a comprehensive presentation on cancer and Latino advocacy. Some of the issues that need advocacy from the Congressional legislation in the 115th Congress include health insurance reform, research funding, CDC cancer prevention programs, Health Workforce Programs (HRSA and Department of Education), and minority health. Dr. Rios also described trends in health policy, health care, and care management and provided background for important federal strategic plans.
Current Perspectives on Complications of Surgical Treatments for Male Stress Urinary Incontinence.

Abstract Introduction Treatments for male stress urinary incontinence (SUI) include behavioral modifications, pelvic floor strengthening exercises, bulking agents, and surgical management. The most common surgical therapies for male stress incontinence include male slings and artificial urinary sphincters. Complications of these treatments are discussed in this review. Aim To review the current literature on SUI diagnosis and the management of common complications that occur after surgical treatments of male SUI. Methods A literature search was performed using PubMed and Ovid to identify leading articles on the management of male SUI and the diagnosis and management of operative complications for male incontinence surgery. Main Outcome Measure Main outcomes measured were complications and management strategies for operative complications after surgical therapies for male SUI. Results 26 publications were cited after an extensive review of the current literature on surgical treatment of male SUI. Commonly cited issues included infection, erosion, and recurrent incontinence after implantation of male slings and artificial urinary sphincters. Conclusion Complications are inherent to any surgery; a thorough understanding of complications and treatment strategies after surgery for male SUI is essential for the practicing clinical urologist. Shelton TM, Brimley S, Tsambarlis P, Hellstrom WJG. Current Perspectives on Complications of Surgical Treatments for Male Stress Urinary Incontinence. Sex Med Rev 2020;8:443–449.
Hyperkinetic Seizures with Ictal Fear as Localizing Ictal Signs in MRI-Negative Medial Frontal Lobe Epilepsy

Purpose Hyperkinetic seizures are described as seizure onset in the frontal or temporal lobe. Additional localizing information is important for diagnostic workup and surgical therapy. We describe diagnostic workup and surgical outcomes in three patients with pharmacoresistant focal emotional seizures with hyperkinetic elements. Methods/Results High-resolution 3 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) did not reveal clear-cut lesions. Invasive video-electroencephalography (EEG) with depth electrodes along the cingulate sulcus (bilateral; patients 1 and 3), right; patient 2 provided congruent results for a circumscribed seizure onset zone within the medial frontal lobe (right: patients 1 and 2; left: patient 3). Topectomies were performed in all patients. Histopathology revealed a small focal cortical dysplasia in the three cases (focal cortical dysplasia [FCD] IIA: patient 1; FCD IIB: patients 2 and 3). All patients remained completely seizure-free since surgery (Engel 1A; follow-up: 9–28 months). Conclusion Ictal fear associated with hyperkinetic semiology points to a seizure-onset zone within the anteromedial frontal lobe (anterior cingulate gyrus). Ictal semiology is crucial for the placement of depth electrodes, especially in MRI-negative cases. These cases illustrate a clinical advantage to the new International League against Epilepsy (ILAE) seizure classification, emphasizing initial clinical symptoms.
Role of Blockchain-Enabled Smart Contracts in Automating Construction Progress Payments

AbstractThe construction industry has long been plagued with late and nonpayments. Despite the desired benefits of payment automation and today’s increased access to digitized progress data, too of...
Transnational History, Transnational Space, Transnational Law

In the 1990s academic marketplace, transnational history emerged in the wake of the sprouting of international history, global history, and postcolonial history as historical subject fields. Christ...
Psychiatric Complications of Medical Treatment

In this chapter, we discuss the psychiatric complications of medical treatment among older adults.
Incidence of Difficult Laryngoscopy in Adult Congenital Heart Disease Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective To identify the incidence of difficult intubation in patients with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) undergoing cardiac surgery or catheterization. Design A retrospective cohort study. Setting A single-center academic quaternary pediatric hospital. Participants All patients were >18 years of age with ACHD undergoing endotracheal intubation within the Heart Center at Texas Children's Hospital between January 2012 and December 2019. Interventions None. Measurement and Main Results A retrospective chart review was performed, including patient demographics, preoperative airway assessment and intraoperative airway management characteristics. Airways were categorized as difficult using the Pediatric Difficult Intubation registry operational definitions. For patients classified as having a difficult airway, the preoperative airway examination findings were recorded in addition to factors associated with difficult airway in the adult. The study authors identified 1,029 patients with ACHD who underwent procedures with anesthesia at their institution and were analyzed for the presence of difficult airway. In total, 878 patients were intubated, with 4.3% (n = 38) identified to have difficult airway. The presence of concomitant syndromes was greater in patients with difficult intubations and those who were not intubated compared with those who were not difficult intubations (23.7% and 17.2 v 7.5; p Conclusions The study authors identified an incidence of difficult laryngoscopy in their cohort of ACHD patients to be 4.3%. Their incidences of difficult laryngoscopy were fewer than that reported in adult patients with noncongenital heart disease. Most importantly, the risk factors associated with difficult laryngoscopy in the normal adult may be different from those presenting with ACHD, necessitating further investigation.
Designing and fabricating materials from fire using sonification and deep learning

Fire has fascinated humankind since the prehistoric era. Rooted in the interactions between sound and flames, here we report a method to use fire for a variety of purposes, including sonification, art, and the design and manufacturing nature-inspired materials. We present a method to sonify fire, thereby offering a translation from the silent nature of flames, to represent audible information and to generate de novo flame images. To realize material specimen derived from fire, we use the autoencoder to generate image stacks to yield continuous 3D geometries that are manufactured using 3D printing. This represents the first generation of nature-inspired materials from fire and can be a platform to be used for other natural phenomena in the quest for de novo architectures, geometries, and design ideas, thus creating additional directions in artistic and scientific research through the creative manipulation of data with structural similarities across fields.
Longitudinal peripheral tissue RNA-Seq transcriptomic profiling, hyperalgesia, and wound healing in the rat plantar surgical incision model

Postoperative pain and delayed healing in surgical wounds, which require complex management strategies have understudied complicated mechanisms. Here we investigated temporal changes in behavior, tissue structure, and transcriptomic profiles in a rat model of a surgical incision, using hyperalgesic behavioral tests, histological analyses, and next-generation RNA sequencing, respectively. The most rapidly (1 hour) expressed genes were the chemokines, Cxcl1 and Cxcl2. Consequently, infiltrating leukocytes were abundantly observed starting at 6 and peaking at 24 hours after incising which was supported by histological analysis and appearance of the neutrophil markers, S100a8 and S100a9. At this time, hyperalgesia was at a peak and overall transcriptional activity was most highly activated. At the 1-day timepoint, Nppb, coding for natriuretic peptide precursor B, was the most strongly upregulated gene and was localized by in situ hybridization to the epidermal keratinocytes at the margins of the incision. Nppb was basically unaffected in a peripheral inflammation model transcriptomic dataset. At the late phase of wound healing, five secreted, incision-specific peptidases, Mmp2, Aebp1, Mmp23, Adamts7, and Adamtsl1, showed increased expression, supporting the idea of a sustained tissue remodeling process. Transcripts that are specifically upregulated at each timepoint in the incision model may be potential candidates for either biomarkers or therapeutic targets for wound pain and wound healing. This study incorporates the examination of longitudinal temporal molecular responses, corresponding anatomical localization, and hyperalgesic behavioral alterations in the surgical incision model that together provide important and novel foundational knowledge to understand mechanisms of wound pain and wound healing.
Mislow–Evans rearrangement

[2,3]-Sigmatropic rearrangement followed by reduction of allylic sulfoxide to allylic alcohol.
$\Sigma_n$ Sets which are $\Delta_n$-Incomparable (Uniformly)

In this paper we will present an application of generalized recursion theory to (noncombinatorial) set theory. More precisely we will combine a priority argument in α -recursion theory with a forcing construction to prove a theorem about the interdefinability of certain subsets of admissible ordinals. Our investigation was prompted by G. Sacks and S. Simpson asking [6] if it is obvious that there are, for each Σ n -admissible α , Σ n (over L α ) subsets of α which are Δ n -incomparable. If one understands “ B is Δ n in C ” to mean that there are Σ n / L α reduction procedures which put out B and when one feeds in C , then the answer is an unqualified “yes.” In this sense “Δ n in” is a direct generalization of “ α -recursive in” (replace Σ 1 by Σ n in the definition) and so amenable to the methods of [7, §§3, 5]. Indeed one simply chooses a complete Σ n −1 set A and mimics the construction of [6] as modified in [7, §5] to produce two α - A -r.e. sets B and C neither of which is α - A -recursive in the other. By the remarks on translation [7, §3] this will immediately give the desired result for this definition of “Δ n in.” There is, however, the more obvious and natural notion of “Δ n in” to be considered: B is Δ n in C iff there are Σ n and Π n formulas of ⟨ L α , C ⟩ which define B .
Protein–protein Interactions: Identification

Protein–protein interactions are essential features of biological processes that allow cells to grow, divide and respond to their environment. A variety of methodologies now exist to probe protein–protein interactions in vivo and in vitro. Keywords: protein–protein interactions; oligomerization; affinity tag; co-immunoprecipitation; protein complex
A Touristic Angle of Vision: Tourist Studies as a Methodological Approach for the Study of Religions

Studying religions through the framework of tourist studies destabilizes conventional notions of ‘religion’ and introduces new questions for historians and other scholars who study religions in the Americas as well as for the academic study of religions more broadly. This essay briefly reviews key themes in regard to religious tourism, then considers some of the methodological and theoretical advantages of employing a touristic approach to the study of religions, and ends by suggesting avenues that show promise for future studies that pair religion and tourism. It includes discussions of religious pilgrimage, religious places and events that attract tourist visitors, and tourist destinations that feature religious themes or are intended to appeal specifically to religious adherents. It also discusses key theoretical works in developing a tourist studies methodological approach for the academic study of religions.
Impact of oceanic circulation on biological carbon storage in the ocean and atmospheric pCO2

[1] We use both theory and ocean biogeochemistry models to examine the role of the soft-tissue biological pump in controlling atmospheric CO2. We demonstrate that atmospheric CO2 can be simply related to the amount of inorganic carbon stored in the ocean by the soft-tissue pump, which we term (OCSsoft). OCSsoft is linearly related to the inventory of remineralized nutrient, which in turn is just the total nutrient inventory minus the preformed nutrient inventory. In a system where total nutrient is conserved, atmospheric CO2 can thus be simply related to the global inventory of preformed nutrient. Previous model simulations have explored how changes in the surface concentration of nutrients in deepwater formation regions change the global preformed nutrient inventory. We show that changes in physical forcing such as winds, vertical mixing, and lateral mixing can shift the balance of deepwater formation between the North Atlantic (where preformed nutrients are low) and the Southern Ocean (where they are high). Such changes in physical forcing can thus drive large changes in atmospheric CO2, even with minimal changes in surface nutrient concentration. If Southern Ocean deepwater formation strengthens, the preformed nutrient inventory and thus atmospheric CO2 increase. An important consequence of these new insights is that the relationship between surface nutrient concentrations, biological export production, and atmospheric CO2 is more complex than previously predicted. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we show that OCSsoft can increase and atmospheric CO2 decrease, while surface nutrients show minimal change and export production decreases.
The Sociology of Middle-Eastern Americans

It has now been more than a decade since the terrible events of September 11, 2001. These events affected the lives of all Americans, but few more than the growing number of Americans of Middle-Eastern origin. Indeed, it is probably not much of an exaggeration to suggest that among the many results of "9/11" was the creation of a new minority group. It is thus a useful moment to review what we know about America's Middle-Eastern origin and Muslim populations and to give some thought to role these communities will play in the future, both in the United States and in the Middle East. Prior to 2001, Middle-Eastern Americans were generally regarded as well integrated into U.S. society. They were largely middle class, well educated, and, while they did not fit easily into U.S. racial categories, they were gener ally seen as "white" (more or less) and displayed only modest levels of group consciousness. "9/11" changed all that. The result was a kind of ethnogenesis under fire in which events in the United States, Europe, and the Middle East helped crystallize an ethnoreligious identity. Of course, this new group is still evolving. Questions of definition and boundaries remain largely open. In particular, the U.S. "war on terror" and the reactions to Islamic fundamentalism call into question the role of Islam in Western societies as well as the "racialization" of Muslims in both the United
The development of a mutation in the precore region of the hepatitis B virus in a chronically infected individual

Over a 15-year period, a white American woman was observed to have progressive hepatitis B that underwent hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg) positivity to anti-HBe positivity with development of cirrhosis. This patient was found to have a non-sense mutation in the second codon of the pre-C region of the hepatitis B virus genome after her anti-HBe seroconversion but not in her serum when she was HBeAg+. As controls, serial blood specimens were analyzed from 12 other American patients who spontaneously converted from HBeAg to anti-HBe, who underwent an interferon alfa-associated HBeAg to anti-HBe seroconversion, and who did not seroconvert with interferon alfa therapy. No mutations in the pre-C region were observed to arise in these individuals. In conclusion, non-sense mutations that occur in the pre-C region in locations other than the 28th codon can be associated with HBeAg negative progressive liver disease. This report of a non-sense mutation occurring over time is unusual in that it occurred in a white American patient.
Nurses’ use of the Internet and social media: Does age, years of experience and educational level make a difference?

Introduction: Does age, level of education, or years of experience influence nurses’ ability to use the Internet safely? As visionary nurse leaders, one has a responsibility to support nurses’ level of e-Professionalism and use of the Internet to extend virtual services to patients and the community. Numerous articles caution nurses on the legal, ethical, and moral concerns in using the Internet, but few studies research nurses’ use of the Internet based on age, years of experience, and level of education. Objective: To explore nurses’ use of the Internet and social media. Methods: Nurses were invited to complete an Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved 51 questions electronic survey. Results: Nurses shared information regarding use of the Internet. Statistically, significant findings were noted based on one’s age, educational level, and years of experience. Conclusions: Nurse leaders need to assess and educate nurses in using social media for personal and professional needs in order to enhance the delivery of virtual services.
Experiences teaching software engineering for the first time

This paper presents an approach to teaching a Software Engineering course, as well as significant feedback from the students who were enrolled in the first offering of the course using this approach. The course provided students with conceptual material as well as experience with a large project. Just teaching concepts or major topics, while important, is not sufficient; students need hands-on exposure to doing a large project in order to comprehend the complexity of building real systems. On the other hand a course cannot "teach" only a project because students need a conceptual framework, approaches, and techniques upon which to base the complexities of software engineering. The feedback from the students who took the first offering of the course provides useful information to anyone who teaches Software Engineering, in addition to instructors preparing to teach the subject for the first time.
Putting Metal in the Middle

Placing metal ions into the center of a porphyrin ring is a significant cellular challenge. Lundqvist et al. (2010) provide snapshots of the AAA+ motor unit of magnesium chelatase, an enzyme that inserts a magnesium ion into the porphyrin ring accompanied by ATP expenditure, in different states of binding to adenosyl nucleotides.
Umbilical cord blood transplantation for thalassemia major

Hematopoietic cell transplantation is curative therapy for thalassemia major. Although the clinical application of hematopoietic cell transplantation has relied on marrow collected from related and unrelated donors as the primary source of donor hematopoietic cells, umbilical cord blood (UCB) is an alternative source of hematopoietic cells and represents a suitable allogeneic donor pool in the event that a marrow donor is not available. Progress in developing UCB transplantation for thalassemia is reviewed and the most likely areas of future clinical investigation are discussed.
Prolonged survival and remyelination after hematopoietic cell transplantation in the twitcher mouse

The twitcher mouse is an animal model of galactosylceramidase deficiency (Krabbe's disease), a human sphingolipidosis. The effects of hematopoietic cell transplantation as potential enzyme replacement therapy were examined in the twitcher mouse. Survival in twitcher mice with transplants was significantly prolonged and was associated with gradual repair of demyelination in peripheral nerves. In contrast, there was no improvement in the neurodegenerative process in the central nervous system after transplantation. These observations indicate that cellular transplantation may effectively provide in vivo enzyme replacement for the peripheral manifestations of genetic storage diseases. Strategies to perturb the blood-brain barrier may be necessary for enzyme replacement to be therapeutic in diseases with central nervous system manifestations.
α-tocopherol decreases tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA and protein from activated human monocytes by inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase

Abstract Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity in Westernized populations. Low levels of α-tocopherol (AT) are associated with increased incidence of atherosclerosis and increased intakes appear to be protective. AT supplementation decreases interleukin 1 and 6 release from human monocytes. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of AT on an important proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) release from human monocytes. AT supplementation (1200 IU/day for 3 months) significantly decreased TNF release from activated human monocytes. Mechanisms that were examined included its effect as a general antioxidant, its inhibitory effect on protein kinase C (PKC), and the cycloxygenase-lipoxygenase pathway. While AT decreased TNF release from activated monocytes, other antioxidants had no effect on TNF release. Specific PKC inhibitors had no effect on TNF release from activated monocytes. The inhibition of TNF release by AT in activated monocytes was reversed by leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a major product of the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway. Similar observations were seen with inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase. Indomethacin, a COX inhibitor, in the presence and absence of AT failed to affect TNF activity. These findings suggest that AT decreases TNF release from activated human monocytes via inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase. Also, AT as well as a 5-LO inhibitor significantly decreased TNF mRNA. Furthermore, AT and the 5-LO inhibitor decreased NFκb-binding activity. Thus, in activated human monocytes, AT appears to inhibit TNF mRNA and protein by inhibition of 5-LO.