cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nuclear structure investigations with inelastic electron scattering

changed the situation. on 208pb" With one elastic cross section about 40 inelastic cross sections are being measured. The inelastic scattering is now by far the dominant information coming from such experiments. Thus we conclude that now is the time where the Promise has become a reality and we have a In previous presentations of the field of inelastic electron scattering one usually finds a promise about the great potential of this experimental technique. While a few years ago results were limited to some isolated levels the development of high resolution spectroscopy at electron accelerators with high beam intensities has completely Fig. 1 shows a spectrum taken in one exposure
Identification and Investigation of Drosophila Postsynaptic Density Homologs

AMPA receptors are responsible for fast excitatory transmission in the CNS and the trafficking of these receptors has been implicated in LTP and learning and memory. These receptors reside in the postsynaptic density, a network of proteins that links the receptors to downstream signaling components and to the neuronal cytoskeleton. To determine whether the fruit ﬂ y, Drosophila melanogaster, possesses a similar array of proteins as are found at the mammalian PSD, we identified Drosophila homologs of 95.8% of mammalian PSD proteins. We investigated, for the first time, the role of one of these PSD proteins, Pod1 in GluR cluster formation at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction and found that mutations in pod1 resulted in a specific loss of A-type receptors at the synapse.
Evaluating protein structure-prediction schemes using energy landscape theory

Protein structure prediction is beginning to be, at least partially, successful. Evaluating predictions, however, has many elements of subjectivity, making it difficult to determine the nature and extent of improvements that are most needed. We describe how the funnellike nature of energy functions used for protein structure prediction determines their quality and can be quantified using landscape theory and multiple histogram sampling methods. Prediction algorithms exhibit a "caldera"-like landscape rather than a perfectly funneled one. Estimates are made of the expected number of effectively distinct structures produced by a prediction algorithm.
Navigating the Energy Efficiency Maze: U.S. Department of Energy National Labs Clear the Path for Public Works

Exciting advances during the past 10 years in building technologies, equipment systems, and techniques have made choosing the right energy-efficient option a confusing and time-consuming task for public works and facilities managers. Through a community-based energy-efficiency program, staff members of the U.S. Department of Energy national laboratories provide technical assistance to local efforts that are striving to save money by saving energy. Having formed more than 200 local and state partnerships, the labs are leading communities to a warehouse of strategies and solutions for their day-to-day energy problems.
Androgen-regulated cervical ripening: a structural, biomechanical, and molecular analysis.

Objective Androgens regulate biomechanical responses in load-bearing tissues. Evidence suggests that androgens may play a role in the cervix. We hypothesized that androgens directly regulate cervical remodeling by altering both collagen structure and proteoglycan composition. Study Design Cervical resistance was evaluated using the cervical creep method after the administration of intravaginal dihydrotestosterone or oral flutamide. Microstructural changes in collagen were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy and polarized light birefringence. Proteoglycan expression was evaluated by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction for the core proteins (decorin, biglycan, fibromodulin, aggrecan, versican) and fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate analysis. Results Dihydrotestosterone decreased cervical resistance, whereas flutamide inhibited the decline in cervical resistance, compared with vehicle controls. Flutamide was associated with higher levels of organized collagen and increased aggrecan expression with a greater proportion of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate glycosaminoglycans. Flutamide inhibited the increase in hyaluronan. Conclusion Androgens appear to play a role in regulating cervical resistance by altering proteoglycan content. Structural analysis indicates that flutamide may alter collagen fibril organization and/or structure.
Unconditionally stable diffusion-acceleration of the transport equation

Abstract The standard iterative procedure for solving fixed-source discrete-ordinates problems converges very slowly for problems in optically thick regions with scattering ratios c near unity. The diffusion-synthetic acceleration method has been proposed to make use of the fact that for this class of problems, the diffusion equation is often an accurate approximation to the transport equation. How-ever, stability difficulties have historically hampered the implementation of this method for general transport differencing schemes In this article we discuss a recently developed procedure for obtaining unconditionally stable diffusion-synthetic acceleration methods for various transport differencing schemes. We motivate the analysis by first discussing the exact transport equation; then we illustrate the procedure by deriving a new stable acceleration method for the linear discontinuous transport differencing scheme. We also provide some numerical results.
Comparison of the effects of various lengths of synthetic human parathyroid hormone-related peptide (hPTHrP) of malignancy on bone resorption and formation in organ culture

Abstract Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) has been shown to be the patthogenic agent in humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM), but the molecular forms that are secreted have not been fully characterized. PTHrP 1–34 has effects similar to parathyroid hormone (PTH), but C-terminal regions of the peptide, such as the 107–139 fragment found to inhibit resorption in a study by Fenton et al (1991), may have other biological activities not shared with PTH. We have compared the effects of the longer forms of recombinant human PTHrP (h PTHrP 1–84, 1–108, and 1–141) with hPTHrP 1–34 and synthetic bovine PTH (bPTH) 1–34 on bone resorption and formation in cultured neonatal mouse calvariae and fetal rat long bones. hPTHrP 1–84, 1–108, and 1–141 were qualitatively similar to hPTHrP 1–34 and PTH 1–34 in stimulating 45 Ca release from both neonatal mouse calvariae and fetal rat long bones and in inhibiting the incorporation of [ 3 H]-proline into collagenase digestible protein (CDP) and stimulating the incorporation of [ 3 H]thymidine ( 3 H-TdR) in neonatal mouse calvariae. However, hPTHrP 1–108 and 1–141 were less potent at stimulating 45 Ca release and inhibiting CDP labeling than hPTHrP 1–34, while hPTHrP 1–84 showed an intermediate potency. Since hPTHrP 1–108 and 1–141 were quite similar in potency, the difference cannot be attributed to an inhibitory effect of the 107–139 fragment. All the peptide lengths tested showed similar potency in stimulating [ 3 H]-TdR incorporation. These results suggest that different secreted forms of PTHrP are likely to have qualitatively similar effects on bone metabolism as long as the first 34 amino acids are present.
Public Scholarship: Making Sense of an Emerging Synthesis

This concluding chapter, written by a national leader in higher education, reflects on public scholarship from a perspective beyond Penn State and argues that public scholarship promises to strengthen “that special form of public decision making that we call democracy.”
A documentary film project with first-year art therapy students

Abstract New user-friendly programs for video editing, smaller and less expensive digital cameras, and the mobility of laptop computers have made digital video as an art therapy medium an accessible and realistic media choice for art therapy practice. Masters level art therapy students evolve dramatically over their first year and this evolution can be documented and used for supervision through this digital media. This paper discusses a documentary film project that was initiated to meet the particular needs of first-year art therapy students by having them document their year through digital pictures, digital film, traditional art making and written journaling. Ten first-year art therapy students worked collectively to capture what they defined as the “first-year experience.” Students took on the roles of video camera people, actors, still photographers, art producers, editors, and directors. They stated that the process of first-year art therapy education was challenging both emotionally and mentally and that this video project helped them to reflect on their experience, document their transitions, and become aware of the immediacy of the moment.
1739 SURFACTANT CHOLESTEROL: A POSSIBLE INHIBITOR OF SURFACE ACTIVITY

We have previously shown that fetuses of diabetic rabbit does have diminished pulmonary surfactant function. To determine whether increased cholesterol may inhibit surfactant function in vitro, crystalline cholesterol in amounts 4-17 times higher than found naturally was added to lung lavage fluid of 30 day gestation fetal rabbits. Surfactant function was determined on a modified Wilhelmy surface balance. The minimum surface tension of lung lavage containing added cholesterol was 17.5 mN/m, compared to 7 mN/m for untreated samples (p <.001). None of six samples with added cholesterol reached a minimum surface tension of less than 12 mN/m, whereas all untreated samples reached this value. To determine whether naturally occurring cholesterol content of diabetic fetal lung lavage is increased above that of normal fetuses, lavage cholesterol from 27.5 day gestation rabbit fetuses was measured by gas chromatography. Lavage cholesterol content was found to be elevated in diabetic fetuses 50-100% above controls. We conclude that exogenous cholesterol can inhibit surfactant function in vitro, and may be responsible for the diminished surfactant function seen in vivo in offspring of diabetic pregnancies. (Supported in part by a grant from the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation)
miRNAs in newt lens regeneration: specific control of proliferation and evidence for miRNA networking.

Background: Lens regeneration in adult newts occurs via transdifferentiation of the pigment epithelial cells (PECs) of the dorsal iris. The same source of cells from the ventral iris is not able to undergo this process. In an attempt to understand this restriction we have studied in the past expression patterns of miRNAs. Among several miRNAs we have found that mir-148 shows an up-regulation in the ventral iris, while members of the let-7 family showed down-regulation in dorsal iris during dedifferentiation. Methodology/Principal Findings: We have performed gain- and loss-of–function experiments of mir-148 and let-7b in an attempt to delineate their function. We find that up-regulation of mir-148 caused significant decrease in the proliferation rates of ventral PECs only, while up-regulation of let-7b affected proliferation of both dorsal and ventral PECs. Neither miRNA was able to affect lens morphogenesis or induction. To further understand how this effect of miRNA up-regulation is mediated we examined global expression of miRNAs after up-regulation of mir148 and let-7b. Interestingly, we identified a novel level of mirRNA regulation, which might indicate that miRNAs are regulated as a network. Conclusion/Significance: The major conclusion is that different miRNAs can control proliferation in the dorsal or ventral iris possibly by a different mechanism. Of interest is that down-regulation of the let-7 family members has also been documented in other systems undergoing reprogramming, such as in stem cells or oocytes. This might indicate that reprogramming during newt regeneration shares common molecular signatures with reprogramming in stem or germ cells. On the other hand that miRNAs can regulate the levels of other miRNAs is a novel level of regulation, which might provide new insights on their function.
Strain contrast at crack tips for in-situ transmission electron microscopy straining experiments

Abstract The diffraction contrast from the vicinity of crack tips under load is analyzed. Two distinct types of contrast are identified. One is due to elastic changes in thickness of the foil and the other to stress-induced lattice rotations about the crack tip. They are expected to have characteristics similar to those of conventional thickness and bend contours. The symmetry of the strain contrast is shown to be dependent on the mode of loading of the crack, and it is proposed that the symmetry properties under different diffraction conditions can be used as a means of identifying in the microscope the loading mode. The spatial extent of the strain contrast is found to scale with the stress intensity at the crack tip, and may be used as a direct, in-situ measurement of the stress intensity.
Sugar acrylate‐based polymers as chiral molecularly imprintable hydrogels

New polymeric hydrogels with molecular imprinting properties were prepared from enzymically generated sugar acrylates. These so called MIPs (molecularly imprinted polymers) were used as chiral stationary phases for the resolution of the D-and L-isomers of CBz-Asp in polar organic eluants. In the presence of 25% (mol/mol) methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside-6-acrylate [the balance consisting of N,N' -methylenebisacrylamide (BIS)], a separation factor of nearly 2.5 is achieved. The effectiveness of separation was dependent on the nature of the solvent used as eluant and the sugar incorporated into the MIP. Molecular modeling revealed that hydrogen bonding between the sugar and CBz-Asp strongly influences chiral resolution. The broad array of sugars available and their ability to be modified selectively with the use of biocatalysts in both aqueous and organic media may provide a wide range of new imprinted materials for use in separations, sensing, and catalysis.
Joining an Existing Regional Trade Agreement from the Perspective of a Small Open Economy: Chile's Accession to NAFTA and MERCOSUR

During the mid 1970s, Chile began a bold program of unilateral trade liberalization following decades of protectionism, effectively putting an end to four decades of import substitution policies. Like other countries in Latin America, Chile had relied on quantitative restrictions (QRs) and, in some cases, high tariffs to protect the production of importables. Agricultural exports were subject to QRs; moreover, agriculture suffered a high indirect taxation from industrial protection (Hurtado, Valdrs, and Muchnik). The current trade regime is simple to describe: a uniform tariff of 11% applies to all importables except wheat, sugar, and edible oils, which have a price band scheme which provides additional protection beyond the uniform tariff. There are no QRs on imports and no export taxes, licensing, or quotas. A uniform VAT applies to all imports and domestic production, and under the Uruguay Round Agreement (URA) of April 1994, Chile bound tariffs at 25% for all products except wheat and sugar (at 31.5%). Thus, Chile's program of tariffs, like several countries in Latin America, had already occurred at the time of the URA in April of 1994. Chile, therefore, came out of the GATT negotiations with virtually no mandated changes to its trade policies. Today, Chile's agricultural trade policy is facing new challenges. One is to maintain an open trade regime in the face of continuous pressure for protection of importables because of a stress on profitability since about 1990. A second challenge is to improve trade-related institutions such as rules for dealing with contingency protection measures (safeguards, antidumping, etc.,) that remain out of step with liberalized trade. A third challenge is related to preferential trade agreements (PTAs), which have taken on astonishing prominence more recently in the trade policy debate of the postUruguay round in Latin America. Regional agreements are "in" and trade agreements proliferate: MERCOSUR in the Southern Cone; NAFTA in North America; the Free-Trade Agreement at the Summit for the Americas in Miami; and older treaties such as the Andean Trade Preference Act. Add to these the trade
El Simpático Boxer: Underpinning Chicano Masculinity with a Rhetoric of Familia in Resurrection Blvd.

This essay analyzes the representation of Chicano masculinity in the cable television show Resurrection Blvd., produced by SHOWTIME network (2000–2002). I argue that the television show renders a depiction of Chicano masculinity that is contextualized within a rhetoric of familia and conveyed through familiar mainstream archetypes. Further, Resurrection depicts Chicano masculinity as navigating through and against prevailing masculinities subsequently producing a syncretic masculinity of el simpatico boxer. Ultimately, the representation of Chicano masculinity assists in inscribing Chicana/os into the American consciousness.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STABILITY OF COGNITION AND STABILITY OF DEPRESSIVE MOOD

Summafy.-Subjects were assessed for depression at two points in time, and classified as 32 stable depressives, 30 unstable depressives, or 25 stable nondepressives. Cognitions were also assessed during both periods to determine the existence of a positive or negative bias in self-waluation. Stable depressives expressed a stable negative bias in self-evaluation; unstable depressives became somewhat more positive as their depression lifted, and stable nondepressives s~gn~f~cantly increased in positive bias over time.
Understanding the Paradox in Math-Related Fields: Why Do Some Gender Gaps Remain While Others Do Not?

Despite the ubiquity of harmful math attitudes that disadvantage girls, girls are now performing just as well as boys in math in the U.S. (Hyde et al. 1990; Hyde et al. 2008). At the same time, stark gender disparities remain in who chooses to pursue math-related careers (National Science Foundation 2009). Why have gender disparities persisted in some math-related domains but not others? I suggest that considering the extent to which math-related domains are stereotyped as masculine can help explain why women do not seek out math-related careers, even as they perform just as well in math. Changing current stereotypes of math-related careers to make them less incongruent with the female gender role may help to recruit more women into these careers.
Design for a relativistic gyrotron utilizing an intense, relativistic electron beam

The potential of the gyrotron mechanism for very-high-peak-power microwave generation using an intense, relativistic electron beam has been investigated to determine the feasibility of a gyrotron powered by a 3MeV, 60 kA REB driver (t pulse ~ 100 ns). Predicted conversion efficiences up to ~30% and a relatively simple configuration are the primary motivations for considering the gyrotron mechanism in comparison to other microwave generation techniques. Discussed below are two key issues in the design of a gyrotron ‘front end’ for an REB driver: space charge depression due to the high beam current and rf breakdown due to the anticipated nigh peak microwave powers. This work follows and extends previous relativistic gyrotron scaling calculations by Fliflet (1985) to beam parameters which require very high mode indices
Abstract 1319: Proton irradiation exerts antiangiogenic and other tumor progression-limiting effects

The precise targeting and energy deposition characteristics of proton theapy have attracted considerable attention in the clinical oncology community. An increasing number of proton facilities are being established to exploit the physical advantages of this radiation for cancer treatment. However, the fact that there may also be biologically-based advantages for the use of protons has essentially been overlooked. We here demonstrate that proton irradiation inhibits expression of major pro-angiogenic factors and multiple angiogenesis-associated processes, including invasion and endothelial cell proliferation, which are critical to cancer progression. Dose-dependent suppression of angiogenic signaling was demonstrated for human tumor, fibroblasts and microvascular endothelial cells. Pan-genomic microarray analysis and RT-PCR revealed that post-irradiation (0.5, 1.0 2.0 Gy) critical pro-angiogenic signaling factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin 6 and 8 (IL-6, IL-8) and the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), were significantly downregulated. Co-culture studies demonstrated proliferation and invasion of endothelial cells was inhibited by irradiation of both tumor and fibroblast cells, suggesting that proton irradiation may contribute to angiogenesis suppression through paracrine signalings from targeted cells as well as by direct action. Addition of recombinant IL-8 or VEGF partially restored these functions, once again indicating that suppression of these factors plays a functional role in inhibition of tumor progression. Finally an attenuated growth rate and a reduced invasive capacity was demonstrated in vivo for proton-irradiated human lung cancer, A549. Taken together, these findings provide novel preclinical evidence that proton irradiation may, in addition to its physical advantages, have important biological ramifications that should be a consideration in the optimization of proton therapy. This work was supported by NASA NSCOR grant #NNJ06HA28G Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1319.
Needs Assessment: Identifying and Addressing High School Counselors’ Perceptions of Construction Management

Recruitment of high school student into Construction Management (CM) undergraduate programs is challenging for many United States universities. Often, only students who know someone in the industry are aware of the degree and career possibilities related to CM. A survey of 81 freshmen CM students in one CM program indicates high school counselors tended to have little or no knowledge of CM in Colorado. To gain more insight into this situation and to develop strategies to address it, a needs assessment was conducted to determine Colorado high school counselors’ current knowledge and perceptions of CM career opportunities. Responses from Colorado high schools counselors indicate a gap exists between their knowledge of CM career and degree opportunities and the level of knowledge that CM programs would like for them to possess and share with their students. Survey results also indicate that the existence of a gap in students’ knowledge of CM, along with negative perceived social norms, further limit counselo...
A generalization of integrality

In this paper, we explore a generalization of the notion of integrality. In particular, we study a near-integrality condition that is intermediate between the concepts of integral and almost integral. This property (referred to as the ­-almost integral property) is a representative independent special- ization of the standard notion of almost integrality. Some of the properties of this generalization are explored in this paper, and these properties are compared with the notion of pseudo-integrality in- troduced by Anderson, Houston, and Zafrullah. Additionally, it is shown that the ­-almost integral property serves to characterize the survival/lying over pairs of Dobbs and Coykendall.
Genital duplex Doppler ultrasonography before and after sexual stimulation in women with sexual dysfunction: Gray scale, volumetric, and hemodynamic findings

Objective To report gray scale, volumetric, and duplex ultrasound data before and after sexual stimulation in a large population of women with sexual dysfunction. Design Retrospective review of women with sexual dysfunction. Setting An academic center. Patient(s) Pre- and postmenopausal women with sexual dysfunction. Intervention(s) None. Main outcome measure(s) This is an Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective study of 142 women who underwent duplex Doppler ultrasound (DDU) arousal testing for sexual dysfunction. Result(s) This study revealed that DDU was able to record morphologic, volumetric (clitoral and corpora spongiosa diameters), and hemodynamic (peak systolic and end-diastolic) changes in women with sexual dysfunction before and after sexual stimulation. Resistive index measurements, which are indicative of veno-occlusive function, did not significantly change before and after arousal in both the clitoris and corpora spongiosa. We also found a correlation between genital diameter and genital end-diastolic velocity value. Gray scale scanning revealed tunical thickening or plaque in several patients who sustained blunt perineal trauma. Conclusion(s) The role of DDU in the management of women with sexual dysfunction remains to be determined; however, end-diastolic velocity values suggest that this parameter has an important physiologic implication as a direct determinant of genital engorgement.
An interactive physiological role of neuropeptide Y and galanin in pulsatile pituitary luteinizing hormone secretion.

Both neuropeptide Y (NPY) and galanin (GAL) systems have been implicated in the excitatory regulation of pulsatile LH secretion in the ovariectomized rat. The present studies were designed to examine the possible interaction of these two neuropeptides in controlling episodic LH release by testing the effects of central infusion of antibodies (Ab) to NPY and GAL, alone or in combination; additional studies tested the effects of central administration of an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) to NPY and GAL messenger RNA. Rats were ovariectomized, implanted with a cannula in the third ventricle, and used in experiments 2 weeks later. Central infusion, via Alzet osmotic minipumps, of IgG purified from an NPY Ab produced a dose-related suppression of pulsatile LH secretion. Although an Ab dilution of 1:10 was ineffective, a maximal inhibitory effect was obtained using an NPY Ab dilution of 1:1, which decreased the mean levels, pulse frequency, and pulse amplitude of LH. These parameters of episodic LH secret...
Laboratory Measurement of Entrainment and Mixing in Oceanic Overflows

The mixing and entrainment processes existing in oceanic overflows, e.g., Denmark Strait Overflow (DSO), affect the global thermohaline circulation. Owing to limited spatial resolution in global climate prediction simulations, the small-scale dynamics of oceanic mixing must be properly modeled. A series of experiments are performed in an Oceanic Overflow Facility to study the mixing and entrainment of a gravity current along an inclined plate, flowing into a steady ambient medium. At small values of the Richardson number, the shear dominates the stabilizing effect of the stratification and the flow at the interface of the current becomes unstable, resulting in turbulent mixing. In addition, the level of turbulence is enhanced by an active grid device. Using PIV and PLIF to measure, respectively, the velocity and density fields, we characterize the statistical properties of the mixing. We also study the entrainment of the ambient fluid by the flow. An accurate parametrization of the mixing and entrainment can be a valuable input for ocean circulation models.
Tensile properties of NiAl bicrystals

The intermetallic compound {beta}-NiAl continues to receive considerable attention in spite of its lack of room temperature toughness and high temperature strength. Although the dislocations are mobile at room temperature, the lack of a sufficient number of slip systems precludes significant elongation in single and polycrystalline NiAl except in single crystals under special conditions. In the case of polycrystals of stoichiometric NiAl, the room temperature fracture tends to be mostly intergranular; this has been related to the stresses that build up at the grain boundaries during plastic deformation due to the lack of active independent deformation mechanisms or the possibility that the grain boundaries are intrinsically weak. The present study was designed to establish the condition of grain boundary fracture by performing tensile tests at different temperatures and strain rates on bicrystals of NiAl containing natural boundaries produced by Bridgman growth. This approach was selected based on the previous work on NiAl bicrystals produced by diffusion bonding/brazing and Bridgman growth. In some cases, these boundaries were reportedly enriched in nickel although it is unclear, based on the limited atomistic modeling efforts to date, whether this is a result of sample processing or is a characteristic of this compound. Furthermore, themore » previous studies of slip behavior were performed in compression which is less suitable for examining the relative strength of the grain boundaries.« less
Recurrent Event Analysis of Lapse and Recovery in a Smoking Cessation Clinical Trial Using Bupropion

We report a reanalysis of data from a prior study describing the event history of quitting smoking aided by bupropion, using recurrent-event models to determine the effect of the drug on occurrence of lapses and recoveries from lapse (resumption of abstinence). Data were collected on 1,070 subjects across two similar double-blind randomized clinical trials of bupropion versus placebo and fitted with separate Cox regression models for lapse and recovery. Analyses were split using discrete time-varying covariates between the treatment (weeks 1-10) and follow-up phases (end of treatment to 12 months). Bupropion was associated with slower lapse during treatment for both sexes, and being female was associated with faster lapse across both phases. Drug did not affect time to recovery for males but was associated with faster recovery among females, allowing women to recover as quickly as men. High levels of nicotine dependence did not affect time to lapse but were associated with slower recovery from lapse across treatment and follow-up phases. During the treatment phase, higher levels of baseline depression symptoms had no effect on time to lapse but were associated with slower recovery from lapse. Results highlight the asymmetry in factors preventing lapse versus promoting recovery. Specifically, dependence, depression symptoms, and a sex x drug interaction were found to affect recovery but not lapse. Further research disentangling lapse and recovery events from summary abstinence measures is needed to help us develop interventions that take advantage of bupropion at its best and that compensate where it is weak.
Robust confidence interval for a residual standard deviation

Abstract The residual standard deviation of a general linear model provides information about predictive accuracy that is not revealed by the multiple correlation or regression coefficients. The classic confidence interval for a residual standard deviation is hypersensitive to minor violations of the normality assumption and its robustness does not improve with increasing sample size. An approximate confidence interval for the residual standard deviation is proposed and shown to be robust to moderate violations of the normality assumption with robustness to extreme non-normality that improves with increasing sample size.
The Vascular Flora and Phytogeographical Analysis of the Tennessee River Gorge, Hamilton and Marion Counties, Tennessee

Abstract An inventory of the vascular flora of the Tennessee River Gorge (TRG) was conducted between April 2009 and July 2011. The TRG is a 41-km-long river canyon located on the Cumberland Plateau physiographic province within Hamilton and Marion counties, TN. According to prior ecological surveys, the 4970-ha study area contains 12 natural communities. This survey documented 123 families, 392 genera, and 700 species and sub-specific taxa, including 138 county range extensions. Approximately 13% of the flora (92 species) is considered non-native. Fifteen imperiled species were reported, including 3 that are undescribed and 9 not documented in any previous Cumberland Plateau flora. In addition to the floristic component of this work, a phytogeographical analysis was conducted for the TRG and 12 other Cumberland Plateau floras in Tennessee and Kentucky. An important finding of this research was the identification of a biogeographical transition zone, from a higher northern to a higher southern species rich...
Predicting shading of photovoltaic systems with cell-level resolution

This paper presents a new model for predicting shading of a photovoltaic (PV) system with spatial resolution at the cell-level. The model's method is described, particularly its use of a single panoramic image and a spatial transform. This paper discusses the model's benefits - ease-of-use and realistic, high resolution output data - as well as the model's limitations. And finally an application of the model is demonstrated with two PV simulations with different power electronic architectures. This application shows the potential value of using the model to further the current research on designing and evaluating electrical power architectures for partially shaded PV systems.
Automated text classification using a dynamic artificial neural network model

Widespread digitization of information in today's internet age has intensified the need for effective textual document classification algorithms. Most real life classification problems, including text classification, genetic classification, medical classification, and others, are complex in nature and are characterized by high dimensionality. Current solution strategies include Naive Bayes (NB), Neural Network (NN), Linear Least Squares Fit (LLSF), k-Nearest-Neighbor (kNN), and Support Vector Machines (SVM); with SVMs showing better results in most cases. In this paper we introduce a new approach called dynamic architecture for artificial neural networks (DAN2) as an alternative for solving textual document classification problems. DAN2 is a scalable algorithm that does not require parameter settings or network architecture configuration. To show DAN2 as an effective and scalable alternative for text classification, we present comparative results for the Reuters-21578 benchmark dataset. Our results show DAN2 to perform very well against the current leading solutions (kNN and SVM) using established classification metrics.
Experience with bevacizumab in the management of epithelial ovarian cancer.

Mullerian duct adenocarcinomas, in particular epithelial ovarian cancers, continue to represent a major source of female cancer-related morbidity and mortality, despite advances in surgical management and innovations in cytotoxic chemotherapy. Angiogenesis-targeted therapy seems to be appropriate for exploration in these disease processes based on a wealth of evidence from preclinical and molecular epidemiology studies. Bevacizumab is a prototypical agent neutralizing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a critical angiogenic promoter related to tumor progression, malignant effusions, and prognosis in ovarian cancer. Phase II trials have demonstrated the activity of bevacizumab as a single agent and in combination with other modalities such as low-dose metronomic cyclophosphamide. Historical studies have supported these observations. Unique toxicities have been ascribed to the administration of bevacizumab and other anti-VEGF molecules for patients with this disease and other solid tumors. Although most of these toxicities (such as proteinuria, hypertension, and bleeding) are generally mild, and are either self-limiting or controllable, other adverse effects, though uncommon, may be serious (these include arterial thromboembolism, wound healing complications, and GI perforation or fistulae). Phase III trials are now in progress to determine the role of this drug in primary therapy as an adjunct to platinum-taxane chemotherapy. This article reviews the background and rationale for anti-VEGF therapy of ovarian cancer, summarizes efficacy and safety data from phase II trials and historical studies of bevacizumab in this disease, introduces the implementation of bevacizumab in phase III front-line trials, examines controversial aspects related to anti-VEGF therapy, and proposes future directions regarding bevacizumab and other angiogenic growth factor-targeted therapeutics.
Solvable case of a spin-1 model in a magnetic field

Abstract A spin-1 model on a honeycomb lattice with - βH = Σ 〈 ij 〉 ( JS i S j + KS 2 i S 2 j )+ iλ Σ S i − ΔΣS 2 i is solved when e k ln ch J = 1 and γ = π . There is an Ising transition at th J = ±[1−0.5 exp ( Δ )]/√3.
State‐dependent life history models in a changing (and regulated) environment: steelhead in the California Central Valley

We use a state dependent life history model to predict the life history strategies of female steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in altered environments. As a case study of a broadly applicable approach, we applied this model to the American and Mokelumne Rivers in central California, where steelhead are listed as threatened. Both rivers have been drastically altered, with highly regulated flows and translocations that may have diluted local adaptation. Nevertheless, evolutionary optimization models could successfully predict the life history displayed by fish on the American River (all anadromous, with young smolts) and on the Mokelumne River (a mix of anadromy and residency). The similar fitness of the two strategies for the Mokelumne suggested that a mixed strategy could be favored in a variable environment. We advance the management utility of this framework by explicitly modeling growth as a function of environmental conditions and using sensitivity analyses to predict likely evolutionary endpoints under changed environments. We conclude that the greatest management concern with respect to preserving anadromy is reduced survival of emigrating smolts, although large changes in freshwater survival or growth rates are potentially also important. We also demonstrate the importance of considering asymptotic size along with maximum growth rate.
Genetic variation in patch populations

Abstract Large populations of algae appear on ocean water when the condition ( b − d )/κ > π 2 / L 2 is satisfied, where b − d is the intrinsic birth rate and κ is the diffusion rate on a patch (of nutrients) of size L . When the dispersal rate as well as the birth and death rates is controlled by a single locus with two alleles, a model of the resulting genotype populations is formulated. Further supposing the intergenotypic differencesin these rates is small, special solutions of the model are obtained using the method of matched asymptotic expansions. The patch size L plays a critical role in determining the ultimate allele frequencies. A genotype which is most fit in a habitat of one size may be least fit in another. An example is given.
Spin-polarized tunneling in ferromagnet/unconventional superconductor junctions

We study tunneling in ferromagnet/unconventional superconductor (F/S) junctions. We include the effects of spin polarization, interfacial resistance, and Fermi wave-vector mismatch between the F and S regions. Andreev reflection at the F/S interface, governing tunneling at low bias voltage, is strongly modified by these parameters. The conductance exhibits a wide variety of novel features as a function of applied voltage.
Sensitivity of receptors for IgA on T560, a murine B lymphoma, to phorbol myristate acetate and to phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C.

A GALT-derived B lymphoma, T560, that bears IgAR is described. T560 is IgG2ak +, Ia+, B220+, J11d+, Thy-1−, CD3−, CD4−, CD5−, Mac 1−, Mac 2−, nonspecific esterase negative and binds bromelaintreated mouse RBC but not SRBC or ORBC It presents antigen, secretes IL-1, IL-4 and IL-6 but not IL-2, IL-5 or TGF β and appears to be related to the Lyt 1+(CD5) lineage of B cells though it lacks Lyt 1-T560 bears IgAR that, on the cell surface, are completely cross-inhibited by low concentrations of IgM and by high concentrations of IgG2a and IgG2b. They do not appear to represent a cell-surface form of galactosyl transferase. They are inducible by high concentrations of IgA, sensitive to trypsin and insensitive to neuraminidase. They are down-regulated by activation of PKC, with PMA but their recovery is not inhibited by cycloheximide, indicating that they are not degraded or shed. They may either lose their affinity for IgA or be internalized without degradation. Seventy percent of IgA receptor activity is lost when T560 is treated with PI-PLC; part of this loss of activity is due to activation of PKC and is inhibited by staurosporine, but ∼30% of it is not protected by staurosporine indicating that some, or all, of the IgA receptor of T560 is connected to the cell membrane via a GPI linker. The T560 IgA receptor could be related to the poly-Ig or M cell receptor. A more likely possibility is, however, that it is related to the FcαR of mouse T cells but, because of its GPI linker, interacts with other Fc receptors in a mutually inhibitory way.
Lattice Boltzmann equation model for multi-component multi-phase flow with high density ratios

Abstract Multi-component multi-phase (MCMP) flows are very common in engineering or industrial problems, as well as in nature. Because the lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) model is based on microscopic models and mesoscopic kinetic equations, it offers many advantages for the study of multi-component or multi-phase flow problems. While the original formulation of Shan and Chen’s (SC) model can incorporate some MCMP flow scenarios, the density ratio of the different components is greatly restricted to less than approximately 2.0. This obviously limits the applications of this MCMP LBE model. Hence, based on the original SC MCMP model and the improvements in the single-component multi-phase (SCMP) flow model reported by Yuan and Schaefer, we have developed a new model that can simulate a MCMP system with a high density ratio.
Probing the oxidation reduction properties of terrestrially and microbially derived dissolved organic matter

Abstract Dissolved organic matter (DOM) has been shown to be an integral component in biogeochemical electron transfer reactions due to its demonstrated ability to facilitate redox reactions. While the role of DOM as a facilitator of electron transfer processes has been demonstrated, greater knowledge would lead to better understanding of the structural components responsible for redox behavior, such as quinones and nitrogen and sulfur (N/S) functional groups. This investigation uses direct scan voltammetry (DSV) coupled with fluorescence and NMR spectroscopy as well as thermochemolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to elucidate the organic moieties responsible for facilitating electron transfer reactions. We contrast electrochemical properties and structural details of three organic matter isolates from diverse sources; Great Dismal Swamp DOM (terrestrially derived, highly aromatic), Pony Lake DOM (microbially derived, highly aliphatic) and Toolik Lake (terrestrially derived, photochemically and microbially altered) with juglone (a redox-active model quinone). Aromatic and phenolic constituents were detected (by 13C NMR) and recovered (by thermochemolysis GC–MS) from all three fulvic acid samples, highlighting the ubiquity of these compounds and suggesting that the quinone–phenol redox couple is not limited to DOM derived from lignin precursors. The range of hydroxy-benzene and benzoic acid derivatives may explain the lack of a single pair of well-defined oxidation and reduction peaks in the DSV scans. The presence of a wide-range of hydroxylated benzoic acid isomers and other redox-active aromatic residues implies that native DOM possesses overlapping redox potentials analogous to their characteristic range of pKa values.
Dominant social status facilitates the behavioral effects of serotonergic agonists

The effects of dominance rank on the behavioral responses to drugs that enhance central serotonergic function were examined in 45 adult male vervet monkeys living in 15 stable social groups. Each group contained 3 adult males, 3 adult females, and their immature offspring. Dominance rank was assessed by measuring success in intermale agonistic encounters. In every group one male was clearly the dominant, or alpha male, and the other two males were subordinate. Males from 5 groups received 3 doses of the serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg/day); those from a second set of 5 groups received 3 doses of the receptor agonist quipazine (0.25, 0.50 and 1.0 mg/kg/day); those from a third set of 5 groups received the serotonin precursor tryptophan (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg/day). The 3 drug treatments produced strikingly similar behavioral effects. Each produced dose-dependent increases in approaching, grooming, resting and eating and decreases in locomoting, avoiding, being vigilant and being solitary. Dominant males were significantly more responsive behaviorally to all 3 drugs than were subordinate males: the increase or decrease in each behavioral measure was larger in dominant than in subordinate males. In combination with previous studies, these data suggest that dominant and subordinate males differ in the drug sensitivity of their serotonergic systems.
Effects of Storage Time, Sodium Chloride and Sodium Tripolyphosphate on Yield and Microstructure of Comminuted Beef

Cook loss, pH and microstructure of comminuted beef made with four NaCl (1.3, 2.0, 2.6, 3.3%) and two sodium tripolyphosphate levels (0, 0.4%) were evaluated. The addition of phosphate reduced cook loss and raised the pH of the raw product to 6.0. Scanning electron micrographs showed that samples with low cook loss had a fine protein matrix. Phosphate addition helped to reduce cook loss and overcome decreased functionality when using aged meat.
γδ T‐cell receptors: functional correlations

The gammadelta T-cell receptors (TCRs) are limited in their diversity, suggesting that their natural ligands may be few in number. Ligands for gammadeltaTCRs that have thus far been determined are predominantly of host rather than foreign origin. Correlations have been noted between the Vgamma and/or Vdelta genes a gammadelta T cell expresses and its functional role. The reason for these correlations is not yet known, but several different mechanisms are conceivable. One possibility is that interactions between particular TCR-V domains and ligands determine function or functional development. However, a recent study showed that at least for one ligand, receptor specificity is determined by the complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) component of the TCR-delta chain, regardless of the Vgamma and/or Vdelta. To determine what is required in the TCR for other specificities and to test whether recognition of certain ligands is connected to cell function, more gammadeltaTCR ligands must be defined. The use of recombinant soluble versions of gammadeltaTCRs appears to be a promising approach to finding new ligands, and recent results using this method are reviewed.
Java as a first language: an evaluation

In this note, we outline some issues raised in considering the use of the programming language JavaTM to support a first course in software development. The course - essentially CS 1 - is centered on the design and implementation of simple objects, and employs an iterative specify/design/implement/test strategy to introduce data design and traditional procedural concepts. We enumerate some aspects of the Java language that attracted our interest, and identify some areas of the language design that could be modified to better meet our needs in an introductory computer science course.