cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gene-trap mutagenesis identifies mammalian genes contributing to intoxication by Clostridium perfringens ε-toxin.

The Clostridium perfringens e-toxin is an extremely potent toxin associated with lethal toxemias in domesticated ruminants and may be toxic to humans. Intoxication results in fluid accumulation in various tissues, most notably in the brain and kidneys. Previous studies suggest that the toxin is a pore-forming toxin, leading to dysregulated ion homeostasis and ultimately cell death. However, mammalian host factors that likely contribute to e-toxin-induced cytotoxicity are poorly understood. A library of insertional mutant Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, which are highly susceptible to the lethal affects of e-toxin, was used to select clones of cells resistant to e-toxin-induced cytotoxicity. The genes mutated in 9 surviving resistant cell clones were identified. We focused additional experiments on one of the identified genes as a means of validating the experimental approach. Gene expression microarray analysis revealed that one of the identified genes, hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1, KIM-1, TIM1), is more abundantly expressed in human kidney cell lines than it is expressed in human cells known to be resistant to e-toxin. One human kidney cell line, ACHN, was found to be sensitive to the toxin and expresses a larger isoform of the HAVCR1 protein than the HAVCR1 protein expressed by other, toxin-resistant human kidney cell lines. RNA interference studies in MDCK and in ACHN cells confirmed that HAVCR1 contributes to e-toxin-induced cytotoxicity. Additionally, e-toxin was shown to bind to HAVCR1 in vitro. The results of this study indicate that HAVCR1 and the other genes identified through the use of gene-trap mutagenesis and RNA interference strategies represent important targets for investigation of the process by which e-toxin induces cell death and new targets for potential therapeutic intervention.
The Economic History of India: A Bibliographic Essay

In october 1959 a small group of scholars met under the auspices of the University of Chicago's Research Center in Economic Development and Cultural Change to discuss problems of research in Asian economic history. Papers prepared by two participants explored work already done in Indian economic history. It was felt that these two papers might be useful to others, those concerned with Indian economic history and those interested in comparative analysis.
WE GOT THE BEAT

![Figure][1] My various, albeit thankfully limited, experiences with dancing, both as an observer and participant, always left me with the impression that people typically have their own rhythm and move to their own beat. Some folks tend to move faster than others, some slower and some...
Process-Aware Interrupt Scheduling and Accounting

In most operating systems, the handling of interrupts is typically performed within the address space of the kernel. Moreover, interrupt handlers are invoked asynchronously during the execution of arbitrary processes. Unfortunately, this allows for a process?s time quantum to be consumed by arbitrary interrupt handling. To avoid significant impact to process execution and also to respond quickly enough to interrupts, interrupt servicing is usually split into two parts: a "top" and "bottom" half. The top half executes at interrupt time and is meant to be short enough to complete all necessary actions at the time of the interrupt. In contrast, the bottom half can be deferred to a more suitable point in time to complete servicing of a prior interrupt. Systems such as Linux may defer bottom half handling to a schedulable thread that may be arbitrarily delayed until there are no other processes to execute. A better approach would be to schedule bottom halves in accordance with the priorities of processes that are affected by their execution. Likewise, bottom half processing should be charged to the CPU-time usage of the affected process, or processes, where possible, to ensure fairer and more predictable resource management. This paper describes some of our approaches, both algorithmically and in terms of implementation on a Linux system, to combine interrupt scheduling and accountability. We show significant improvements in predictability of a Linux system by modifying the kernel to more accurately account for interrupt servicing costs and more precisely control when and to what extent interrupts can be serviced.
XML sets stage for efficient knowledge management

IT managers use knowledge management (KM) tools to capture maintain, and exploit strategic information that their companies need to conduct business. This information might consist of data describing operational best practices, tactical marketing results such as assessment of a competitor's market share, or even the contents of laboratory notebooks. In every case, preserving the data's context is essential when acquiring, processing, or storing the information. The Extensible Markup Language provides a means for preserving this context. The paper considers how XML provides the context for turning a data set into information; KM provides the tools for managing this information.
Generalized center of compliance and stiffness

The elastic characteristics of many robot systems can be modeled by a 6*6 stiffness or compliance matrix. Three results are presented via screw theory. First, stationary values of compliance and stiffness are determined. Second, linear and rotational properties are characterized by dual ellipsoids in three-dimensional space. Third, a generalized center-of-elasticity (compliance and stiffness) is proposed. If a compliant axis exists, it is shown to pass through the center. These elements simplify the understanding of complex elastic properties. >
Cooperation between Th1 and Th2 cells in a murine model of eosinophilic airway inflammation

We have studied the actions of helper T lymphocyte-1 and -2 (Th1 and Th2) cells in an acute model of eosinophilic airway inflammation by infusing chicken ovalbumin-specific (OVA-specific) Th1 cells, Th2 cells, or both into unsensitized mice and challenging the mice with an OVA aerosol. OVA challenge after infusion of Th1 cells alone resulted in airway inflammation with lymphocytes and monocytes. Challenge after the infusion of Th2 cells alone resulted in minimal inflammation. In contrast, when Th1 and Th2 cells were transferred together, they cooperated to promote a robust eosinophil-predominant inflammatory response. Th1 cells alone were readily recruited to the airways after challenge, but in the absence of Th1 cells, Th2 cells did not accumulate in the airways. When transferred together, both Th1 and Th2 cells, as well as endogenous eosinophils, were effectively recruited. This recruitment was correlated with increased VCAM-1 expression in the medium- and large-sized vessels of the lung and could be inhibited by treating the mice with neutralizing antibodies to TNF-alpha or VCAM-1. These data indicate that Th2 cells require signals in addition to antigen for their effective recruitment to the airways. Th1 cells can provide these signals.
Network theory without circuit elements

Network methods are by no means limited to lumped systems. Once the ports of a generalized physical structure are defined by use of a modal decomposition of signals, the structure can be analyzed using network techniques which extend beyond the domain of RLC systems and rational network functions. If the physical system is observed as a black box at its ports and various physical time-domain postulates such as linearity, energy, and power conservation theorems are applied in network terms, a variety of realizability relations are obtained for linear, passive, time-invariant structures. For example, one is led to generalizations of bounded real and positive real functions for distributed systems. The network technique also results in a number of interesting theorems for lossless structures such as a generalization of Foster's reactance theorem, and restrictions on minimum phase realizability, and on signal transmission and group delay in distrributed, lossless networks. These results apply in structures containing gyrotropic, dispersive media as well as in the reciprocal, nondispersive case.
Streaming in MANET: Proactive Link Protection and Receiver-Oriented Adaptation

Multimedia streaming applications can significantly boost the value of mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). Live streaming, however, means continuous data delivery, which is a major challenge in MANET. Because of host mobility, a streaming path may be broken easily, causing streaming interruption. In this paper, we address this problem with a light-weighted yet robust streaming protocol. Our technique distinguishes itself from existing ones with two innovative features: proactive link protection (PLP) and receiver-oriented adaptation (ROA). PLP allows a mobile host in a streaming path to find an alternative link before its current one becomes broken. This feature minimizes the chance of having to discover a new path in urgent to replace a broken link. While PLP protects the streaming continuity, ROA ensures the streaming efficiency by minimizing the hop number of a streaming path. Specifically, ROA dynamically adjusts the path of a live stream to make it as straight as possible along the direction from the source to the receiver. We evaluate the proposed technique through simulation, and our extensive study indicates that the new technique can support robust streaming applications with a minimal control overhead.
Simultaneous quantitation of plasma doxorubicin and prochlorperazine content by high-performance liquid chromatography

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed and tested for simultaneous extraction, elution and determination of doxorubicin and prochlorperazine content in human plasma samples. The procedure consists of extraction through a conditioned C18 solid-phase extraction cartridge, elution from a Spherisorb C8 reversed-phase column by an isocratic mobile phase (60% acetonitrile, 15% methanol and 25% buffer) followed by detection with electrochemical and fluorescence detectors. Recovery of doxorubicin and prochlorperazine from pooled human plasma samples (n=3) containing 100 ng/ml of the two drugs was 77.8+/-3.5% and 89.1+/-6.0%, respectively. The lower limits of quantitation for doxorubicin and prochlorperazine in plasma samples were 6.25 ng/ml and 10 ng/ml, respectively. A linear calibration curve was obtained for up to 2 microg/ml of doxorubicin and prochlorperazine. This combination method may be of particular value in clinical studies where phenothiazines such as prochlorperazine are used to enhance retention of doxorubicin in drug resistant tumor cells.
Effects of protein level and enzyme supplementation upon growth and rate of digesta passage of male turkeys.

Abstract An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feeding enzyme supplements (Avizyme® and protease) at two levels of dietary crude protein (24 and 28%) to male turkeys from 0 to 5 wk of age. The Avizyme®-protease enzyme mixture was fed at five concentrations within each protein level in an effort to determine an optimal level of supplementation. Enzymes were added to the 24% protein diet to determine whether the supplements would enhance the growth performance of birds fed the lower protein diet to the level of those fed the 28% protein diet. Rate of passage was evaluated to determine whether an ANF effect corresponded to enzyme concentration or protein level. Dietary protein level significantly influenced growth. Birds fed the 28% protein diet had improved body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency of 11.5, 6.5, and 4.4%, respectively, when compared with birds fed the 24% protein diet. Enzyme addition to the 24% protein corn-soybean meal diet produced a graded response but did not improve growth over the control. Although enzyme supplementation improved poult utilization of the 24% protein diet, growth and feed utilization were not equal to the performance of the poults fed the 28% protein diet. When the enzyme mixture was added to the 28% diet, performance was not consistently altered. Rate of digesta passage was not different between the levels of dietary protein or among levels of enzyme supplementation, indicating that the applied protein levels did not deleteriously affect nutrient utilization.
Atmospheric excitation of polar motion during the GIG '91 Measurement Campaign

Daily determinations of the earth's pole position from GPS observations obtained during the first GPS IERS and Geodynamics (GIG) experiment are interpreted in terms of atmospheric wind and pressure fluctuations. Evidence is reported for atmospheric excitation of the rapid polar motions observed during the 23-day period from 22 January to 13 February, 1991. It is demonstrated that atmospheric wind and pressure fluctuations are mostly responsible for exciting the rapid polar motions observed during GIG '91.
The Hormetic Pharmacy: The Future of Natural Products and Man-Made Drugs in Disease Prevention and Treatment

This chapter proposes a new look at the modern pharmacy of natural products and man-made drugs. It shows that local pharmacies have been dispensing drugs based on hormesis for many decades. Among drugs that act via the hormetic dose response are those that combat anxiety and depression, make bones stronger, grow hair thicker, enhance cognitive function, and lessen pain. These drugs are some of the staples of the industry, permitting millions of people to live more normal and better lives. This chapter also shows that even when commonly used drugs such as antibiotics are administered to kill bacteria, they act hormetically at low doses and may be of concern because they can cause harmful bacterial colonies to grow. This is the case for antitumor drugs as well. Thus, the modern pharmacy is really a hormetic pharmacy, but this is really just the beginning. The currently unfolding future is one in which the biomedical and pharmaceutical giants will be developing so-called hormetic mimetics—drugs that can induce the normal adaptive pathways seen in the thousands of studies demonstrating hormesis but without exposing individuals to toxic doses of chemicals, ionizing radiation, extreme heat, or hard-to-maintain caloric restriction regimens. Screening chemicals based on their ability to activate, at subtoxic doses, specific adaptive cellular stress response pathways is a promising approach for drug development. The future pharmacy will be enhanced by research strategies and clinical practices that adopt hormetic principles and applications.
Growth hormone treatment in young children with Down’s syndrome: effects on growth and psychomotor development

BACKGROUND—Learning disability and short stature are cardinal signs of Down's syndrome. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), regulated by growth hormone (GH) from about 6 months of age, may be involved in brain development. AIMS—To study long term effects of GH on linear growth and psychomotor development in young children with Down's syndrome. Study design—Fifteen children with Down's syndrome were treated with GH for three years from the age of 6 to 9 months (mean, 7.4). Linear growth, psychomotor development, skeletal maturation, serum concentrations of IGF-I and its binding proteins (BPs), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of IGF-II were studied. RESULTS—The mean height of the study group increased from −1.8 to −0.8 SDS (Swedish standard) during treatment, whereas that of a Down's syndrome control group fell from −1.7 to −2.2 SDS. Growth velocity declined after treatment stopped. Head growth did not accelerate during treatment. No significant difference in mental or gross motor development was found. The low concentrations of serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 became normal during GH treatment. CONCLUSIONS—GH treatment results in normal growth velocity in Down's syndrome but does not affect head circumference or mental or gross motor development. Growth velocity declines after treatment stops.
Relative contributions to seed production by floral visitors of slickspot peppergrass, Lepidium papilliferum (Brassicaceae)

Assessing the relative contributions to seed production made by different types of floral visitors is fundamental to understanding the evolution of floral morphology and the influence that particular pollinator taxa have on plant fitness and reproduction. This 3-year study examined the pollinator activity and the seed production in three populations of Lepidium papilliferum, a threatened mustard endemic to sagebrush-steppe habitat in southwest Idaho. Relative amounts of time visitor taxa spent foraging on flowers, visitation rates (number of flowers visited per unit time during a foraging bout), and pollination effectiveness (fruit set per single visit to a virgin flower) were recorded for each of 12 insect taxa that visited L. papilliferum flowers. Relative contributions to seed production were calculated as the product of relative interaction frequencies (the relative number of flowers visited by each taxon—the “quantity” component of pollination) and pollination effectiveness (fruit set per single visit to a virgin flower—the “quality” component of pollination). Despite the superiority of some insect taxa in terms of pollination effectiveness, estimates of relative pollinator contributions to seed production were influenced primarily by an insect taxon’s interaction frequency with flowers. Pollinator assemblages varied widely both spatially and temporally, which suggest that L. papilliferum is not under strong selective pressure to shift from its generalist pollination strategy toward greater specialization. For this threatened plant, reliance on a diverse assemblage of insect pollinators may serve as an important buffer against disruption in reproductive success caused by fluctuations in population sizes of individual pollinator taxa.
THE EFFECT OF CORTIN UPON THE RENAL EXCRETION OF SODIUM, POTASSIUM, CHLORIDE, INORGANIC PHOSPHOROUS AND TOTAL NITROGEN IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND IN PATIENTS WITH ADDISON'S DISEASE1

In another investigation (1) we have shown that amounts of cortin sufficient to maintain patients with severe Addison's disease have little or no effect on the electrolyte and nitrogen balance of normal human beings. There was still the possibility that very large doses of cortin might effect the balance in normal individuals. Cost makes the use of massive doses almost impossible in balance studies. However, when large doses are used the effect on the excretion of sodium, potassium and chloride is so prompt that balance studies are not required. The immediate effect of large injections of cortin on the renal excretion of sodium, potassium, chloride and total nitrogen is reported in this paper.
Summer's End and Sad Goodbyes: Children's Picturebooks About Death and Dying

This article explores children’s picturebooks about death and grieving by considering both psychological and literary aspects. Two questions frame this analysis: How can picturebooks, particularly written for young children, support children’s grief when someone dies? How do the illustrations and text of picture books express and convey the aesthetic and emotional experience of loss? Using both psychological research on children’s grief reactions and literary analysis of picturebooks, this paper reviews picturebooks that have been published on the topic of death from 2001 to 2011 and then closely analyzes three books that span a range of topics and approaches to death. Findings indicate that children’s picturebooks convey important psychological and cultural issues through text and illustrations. Furthermore, understanding some of the psychological and literary features of children’s picturebooks that address death and grieving can help educators to provide support and understanding for children when they experience loss.
Liver transplantation in Asian patients with chronic hepatitis B

It has been suggested that Asian patients have reduced survival after liver transplantation because of greater recurrence of hepatitis B virus (HBV). We analyzed the outcome of Asian and non-Asian patients receiving transplants for chronic hepatitis B between May 1988 and March 1994. Baseline Child-Pugh score and United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) status, HBV recurrence, and survival were compared between the two groups. All but one patient received variable doses of hepatitis B immune globulin. Mean follow-up of surviving patients was 28 months (range, 3-71 months). Fifteen Asians and 20 non-Asians underwent transplantation. Six of 15 Asians (40%) and 4 of 20 non-Asians (20%) died during the study period. Although Asians had a lower 1-year survival than non-Asians (59% for Asians and 94% for non-Asians), the 5-year actuarial survival was not different (59% and 57% for Asians and non-Asians, respectively). The causes of death in 5 of 6 Asians were factors other than recurrent hepatitis B, and 4 of 5 deaths occurred within 60 days after transplantation. Eighty percent of Asian patients were Child-Pugh class C at referral, compared with 50% of non-Asians, and Asians were more likely to be status 1 at transplantation (40% vs. 10%; P < .05). By contrast, all four deaths in non-Asians occurred late and were secondary to recurrent HBV infection. Of patients surviving more than 60 days after transplantation, 7 of 11 Asians (64%) and 10 of 20 non-Asians (50%) developed recurrent HBV infection (NS). Late mortality attributable to HBV recurrence was lower but not significantly different in Asians (1 of 7 [14%]) than in non-Asians (4 of 10 [40%]). In summary, HBV recurrence and late HBV-related mortality in Asians and non-Asians is similar after liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis B. Late referral and more advanced chronic liver disease at the time of transplantation probably account for the lower 1-year survival of Asians after liver transplantation.
Metal contact engineering and registration-free fabrication of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor integrated circuits using aligned carbon nanotubes.

Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) operation is very desirable for logic circuit applications as it offers rail-to-rail swing, larger noise margin, and small static power consumption. However, it remains to be a challenging task for nanotube-based devices. Here in this paper, we report our progress on metal contact engineering for n-type nanotube transistors and CMOS integrated circuits using aligned carbon nanotubes. By using Pd as source/drain contacts for p-type transistors, small work function metal Gd as source/drain contacts for n-type transistors, and evaporated SiO2 as a passivation layer, we have achieved n-type transistor, PN diode, and integrated CMOS inverter with an air-stable operation. Compared with other nanotube n-doping techniques, such as potassium doping, PEI doping, hydrazine doping, etc., using low work function metal contacts for n-type nanotube devices is not only air stable but also integrated circuit fabrication compatible. Moreover, our aligned nanotube platform for ...
Ageing and Memory: Mechanisms Underlying Age Differences in Performance

. Although it is widely believed that memory generally declines with age, in fact, age decrements occur for most, but not for all, types of memory. Age differences are always found for free and cued recall but are rarely found for picture recognition, implicit memory and measures of verbal ability. Understanding the conditions under which age differences occur and when they do not across memory domain is a challenging puzzle for cognitive ageing researchers. The hypothesis adopted here is that the magnitude of age-related decrements in memory function across different domains of memory can be accounted for by the amount of processing resource or mental effort required to encode and retrieve information. Different conceptualisations of processing resource are explored and supporting data are reviewed.
Retinal axon divergence in the optic chiasm: midline cells are unaffected by the albino mutation

The visual pathway in albino animals is abnormal in that there is a smaller number of ipsilaterally projecting retinal ganglion cells. There are two possible sites of gene action that could result in such a defect. The first site is the retina where the amount of pigmentation in the retinal pigment epithelium is correlated with the degree of ipsilateral innervation (La Vail et al. (1978) J. Comp. Neurol. 182, 399-422). The second site is the optic chiasm, the site of retinal axon divergence. We investigated these two possibilities through a combination of in vivo and in vitro techniques. Our results demonstrate that the growth patterns of retinal axons and the cellular composition of the optic chiasm in albino mice are similar to those of normally pigmented mice, consistent with the albino mutation exerting its effects in the retina, and not on the cells from the chiasmatic midline. We directly tested whether the albino mutation affects the chiasm by studying 'chimeric' cultures of retinal explants and chiasm cells isolated from pigmented and albino mice. Crossed and uncrossed axons from pigmented or albino retinal explants display the same amount of differential growth when grown on either pigmented or albino chiasm cells, demonstrating that the albino mutation does not disrupt the signals for retinal axon divergence associated with the albino optic chiasm. Furthermore, in vitro, a greater proportion of albino retinal ganglion cells from ventrotemporal retina, origin of uncrossed axons, behave like crossed cells, suggesting that the albino mutation acts by respecifying the numbers of retinal ganglion cells that cross the chiasmatic midline.
Angiopoietin-1 and -2 coiled coil domains mediate distinct homo-oligomerization patterns, but fibrinogen-like domains mediate ligand activity

Activity of endothelial Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase is modulated by two naturally occurring, secreted ligands, angiopoietin-1 and -2, which have opposing effects on its phosphorylation. Receptor tyrosine kinase activation requires receptor dimerization/multimerization, which, for many receptors, is mediated by homo-oligomeric ligands binding to and bridging receptor molecules. We show here that angiopoietin-1 and -2 form distinct arrays of disulfide-linked homo-oligomeric complexes. Their mobilities on nonreducing gels suggest that angiopoietin-2 exists predominantly as a homodimer but also forms higher order multimers. In contrast, angiopoietin-1 forms some homotrimers, but predominantly exists in higher order multimers. These two structurally related, 60% homologous ligands are predominantly composed of an amino-terminal coiled coil domain and a carboxyl-terminal fibrinogen-like domain. We show that their distinct oligomerization patterns are determined by their coiled coil domains and, furthermore, that their coiled coil domains, but not their fibrinogen-like domains, are sufficient to mediate formation of disulfide-linked homo-oligomers. In contrast, the differential effects of these ligands on endothelial Tie2 phosphorylation is mediated by their fibrinogen-like domains. We conclude from these studies that the coiled coil and fibrinogen-like domains of the angiopoietins have distinct functions with the coiled coil domain mediating ligand homo-oligomerization and the fibrinogen-like domain mediating ligand activity.
Laboratory-acquired sporotrichosis

A case of laboratory-acquired sporotrichosis was diagnosed by immunofluorescence and by culture. The patient was then cured by treatment with oral potassium iodide. The need to handle cultures of Sporothrix schenckii with due caution is stressed.
A Review of “Organic Chemistry Principles in Context”

What does the next generation of introductory organic chemistry textbooks look like? Since the early 1960s, when material on spectroscopic methods was added to the typical presentation of functiona...
In Vitro Properties of Ferrous and Ferric Ions with Phytate

Ferric iron has been utilized in the analysis of phytate since early in this century. Others have studied the properties of iron and phytate in vitro utilizing buffering agents which confounded their data. This is an attempt to study ferrous and ferric ions independently in the absence and presence of phytate at pHs from 1 to 7 and without the use of a confounding buffer. Both 1:1 and 2:1 molar ratios of iron ions to phytate were studied. All solutions were prepared from analytical reagents. Several concentrations of HCl and NaOH were utilized to adjust the pH of these solutions. With 1:1 molar ratio of ferrous iron and phytate, white precipitate formed increasingly to a peak at pH 6. With 1:1 ferric phytate solutions, dense white precipitates formed at pHs 1 and 2. At pH 3, a light rusty-brown precipitate formed, an obvious mixture of ferric phytate and ferric hydroxide. At pH 4, more ferric hydroxide formed mixed with some white ferric phytate. At pH 5 and above, a brown colloidal suspension formed with some brown precipitation at pH 7. Ferric ion was soluble at the higher pHs. At 2:1 molar ratio, ferrous ion reacted similarly to other divalent cations except over a slightly broader pH range. Even at pH of 1, 40% of the ferrous iron was contained in the precipitate. This increased to over 90% at pHs 4 and 5 and declined at pHs 6 and 7. Phytate was detectable in the solutes of samples with pH of 1 and 2 and from the precipitates formed at pHs 2 through 7. The precipitate formed was white at all pHs. For ferric ion, over 98% of the ferric ion was found in the precipitate at pHs 1 and 2. This declined almost linearly from pH 3 to 7 with 72% of the ferric iron in the precipitate at pH 7. Phytate was not detectable in any solute from the ferric ion series at any pH. Phytate was detectable in slightly decreasing amounts in the precipitates as the pH increased from 1 to 7. Visually, white precipitates were present at pHs 1–3 whereas pH 4 precipitate had a slight brown cast and 5 to 7 was increasingly darker brown. This indicates that ferric iron complexes with phytate at all of the pHs studied gradually dissociating to form ferric hydroxide above pH 3. It is impossible to discern whether any of the complexed ferric iron may form hydroxides while still complexed with phytate. In conclusion, ferrous and ferric ions react differently with
Abstract 2779: The Safety of Intravenous Thrombolysis for Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Pre-Existing Cerebral Aneurysms: A Retrospective, Hospital-Based Study

Background and Purpose: Unruptured cerebral aneurysms are currently considered a contraindication to intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) for acute ischemic stroke. This is due to a theoretical increase in the risk of hemorrhage from aneurysm rupture, although it is unknown whether this risk is significant. We sought to determine the safety of IV tPA administration in a cohort of patients with pre-existing aneurysms. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients treated for acute ischemic stroke with IV tPA during an 11-year period at two academic medical centers. We identified a subset of patients with unruptured cerebral aneurysms present on pre-thrombolysis vascular imaging. Our outcomes of interest were any intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), symptomatic ICH, and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the rates of hemorrhage among patients with and without aneurysms. Results: We identified 236 eligible patients, of whom 22 had unruptured cerebral aneurysms. The rate of ICH among patients with aneurysms (14%, 95% CI 3-35%) did not significantly differ from the rate among patients without aneurysms (19%, 95% CI 14-25%). None of the patients with aneurysms developed symptomatic ICH (0%, 95% CI 0-15%), compared with 10 of 214 patients without aneurysms (5%, 95% CI 2-8%). Similar proportions of patients developed SAH (5%, 95% CI 0-23% versus 6%, 95% CI 3-10%). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that IV tPA for acute ischemic stroke is safe to administer in patients with pre-existing cerebral aneurysms as the risk of aneurysm rupture and symptomatic ICH is low.
Jogging biomechanics after exercise in individuals with ACL-reconstructed knees.

ABSTRACTPurposeReturn to recreational activity is a common goal for the clinician and patient after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) and structured rehabilitation. Decreased peak knee flexion angle and external knee flexion moment during walking and jogging have been indicated as significant contributors t
Microscale Desorption Based on Membrane Separation

A scheme to achieve high desportion rates in a microscale system has been conceived based on the use of a hydrophobic porous membrane forming one wall of a high aspect ratio channel. To accomplish desorption, vapor is drawn through the membrane, during the addition of heat, as the binary mixture flows along the channel. The channel geometry is designed to achieve a thin film of binary mixture (lithium bromide and water) that is approximately 350 microns thick, while achieving a high membrane surface area which is approximately 3 cm × 6 cm. Vapor is drawn from the channel by creating a pressure differential across the membrane. Experiments were run varying the inlet mass flow rate, heat input, and pressure difference across the membrane, for an inlet mass fraction of 0.41. Mass fraction increases through the channel were up to 0.05. It is shown that the mass flux of vapor per mass flow rate into the channel decreases as the inlet flow rate increases, for a given heat flux. Also, the mass flux of vapor is linearly dependent on the heat input rate and not a function of inlet flow rate or pressure differential for the range of conditions studied. Images within the channel show bubble formation and desorption through the membrane under high heat flux and low inlet flow conditions.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
How to Promote the Economic Development in Restaurant Management in Pu`er City

Being a national experimental demonstration area for green economy, there is great potential for Pu`er city to develop its manorial economy supported by agriculture. Issues on catering services have been investigated, then presents main measures to be implemented for further development of manorial economy.
Reduced-Dimension Modeling Approach for Simulating Recruitment/De-recruitment Dynamics in the Lung

Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a pulmonary disease that requires the use of mechanical ventilation for patient recovery. However, this can lead to development of ventilator-induced lung injury caused by the over-distension of alveolar tissue and by the repetitive closure (de-recruitment) and reopening (recruitment) of airways. In this study, we developed a multi-scale model of the lung from a reduced-dimension approach to investigate the dynamics of ventilation in the lung during airway collapse and reopening. The model consisted of an asymmetric network geometry with 16 generations of liquid-lined airways with airflow driven by a variable pleural pressure. During the respiratory cycle changes in airway radii and film thickness yield the formation of liquid plugs that propagate and rupture throughout the airway network. Simulations were conducted with constant surface tension values [Formula: see text] dyn/cm. It was observed that the time onset of plug creation and rupture depended on the surface tension, as well as the plug aggregation/splitting behavior at bifurcations. Additionally, the plug propagation behavior was significantly influenced by presence of plugs in adjacent airways (i.e. parent and daughters) that affected the driving pressure distribution locally at bifurcations and resulted in complex aggregation and splitting behavior. This model provides an approach that has the ability to simulate normal and pathophysiological lung conditions with the potential to be used in personalized clinical medicine.
Monitoring Aerosol Elemental Composition in Particle Size Fractions for Predicting Human Respiratory Uptake

Proton induced X-ray emission analysis is useful in measuring changes in particle size distribution of trace elements on exposure of aerosol to the human lung environment and deposition in the air-ways. PIXE analysis is also useful in detecting variations in particle size distributions of elements as they occur in the atmosphere. For the case of lead aerosol along a highway, it is shown that the extent and site of respiratory deposition of particles depend on their size, and the size distribution may vary under urban atmospheric conditions sufficiently to affect respiratory deposition efficiency.
Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism in Stroke.

(1996). Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism in Stroke. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation: Vol. 3, Acute Care and Stroke Management, pp. 54-70.
Journeys of a Mystic Soul in Poetry and Prose

This invaluable work is part of The Other Voice in Early Modern Europe: The Toronto Series, 18. Thanks to the present volume, the “lost voice” of Cecilia del Nacimiento (1570–1646) will be added to...
An Activating KRAS Mutation in Imatinib Resistant Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.

Background : Resistance to imatinib in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is commonly associated with reactivation of BCR-ABL due to kinase domain mutations or increased expression. Activation of SRC family kinases has been shown in isolated patients without evidence of BCR-ABL reactivation. We hypothesized that activating mutations of the RAS pathway (one of the major downstream mediators of BCR-ABL) or of leukemia-associated tyrosine kinases other than BCR-ABL may cause BCR-ABL-independent resistance. Patients and Methods: CML patients with imatinib resistance were initially screened for BCR-ABL mutations. Two sets of nested primers were used to specifically amplify BCR-ABL. Sequence analysis covered the entire 5′ end of ABL including the Cap, SH3, SH2 and kinase domains. Bone marrow samples from patients without BCR-ABL mutations (N=17) were screened for mutations of NRAS, KRAS and FLT3 by direct DNA sequencing. Analysis of PTPN11 and PDGFR is ongoing and will be presented. Results : We detected a KRAS exon 3 mutation (T58I) in 1/17 patients (5.8%) and confirmed this mutation by 2-directional sequencing of 3 independently amplified PCR products. No mutations in NRAS or FLT3 were observed. Analysis of archived samples revealed that T58I was absent while the patient was responding to 800mg of imatinib and achieved a major cytogenetic response (MCyR), became detectable before relapse and remained detectable (at approximately 30%) in 4 subsequent samples collected over a period of 18 months (Table 1), while the patient achieved a second MCyR on dasatinib. The T58I allele became undetectable prior to relapse on dasatinib. None of the samples tested were positive for BCR-ABL kinase mutations. T58I is an activating mutation of KRAS that has been detected in patients with Noonan syndrome who developed JMML (Schubbert et. al, Nature Genetics, 2006, 38:331). We tested the functional relevance of T58I in the context of imatinib resistance in 32D cells co-expressing T58I and BCR-ABL, with KRAS G12D and native KRAS as controls. Sensitivity to imatinib was reduced (G12D>T58I>native), with 15% 32D cells expressing KRAS T58I retaining viability at 2.5 μM over 3 Days. These data demonstrate that T58I confers partial imatinib resistance, although it does not induce complete growth factor independence. Conclusion : Activating KRAS mutations may contribute to resistance or disease persistence in CML patients treated ABL kinase inhibitors.
Poor transferability of a distribution model for a widespread coastal marsh bird in the southeastern United States

Species distribution models have been applied across a wide range of spatial scales to generate information for conservation planning. Understanding how well models transfer through space and time is important to promote effective species–habitat conservation. Here, we assess model transferability in coastal tidal marshes of the southeastern United States using count data of a widespread marsh bird: the Clapper Rail (Rallus crepitans). We developed species–habitat models at a state level in both South Carolina and Georgia, and then assessed how well top models from each state predicted abundance in the other state. Internally (locally) validated models performed well with reasonable fit (SC: R2 = 0.35, GA: R2 = 0.14), and high significance (P = 0.0005); however, both models performed poorly when predicting abundance from the other state (R2 = 0.03 and 0.003). To assess the consequences of this lack of transferability, we applied the South Carolina- and Georgia-derived parameter estimates to habitat features in South Carolina and identified the top 25% of tidal marsh habitat that each model predicted within the state. There was minimal overlap between model habitat quality predictions (<5%). Our results address the predictive power and uncertainties that arise from using habitat associations and climate models to predict species distributions or abundance in locations without training data. We discuss potential reasons model transferability was not successful and address the need for better regional datasets and the importance of intraspecific variability in response to environmental gradients.
Maternal serum markers of lipid metabolism in relation to neonatal anthropometry.

The objective of this study is to examine associations between lipids (high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoprotein (a)) measured on average three time points during pregnancy and neonatal anthropometrics. Stored samples from a preeclampsia trial measured as part of a case-control study from five US centers (1992 to 1995) were used. The sample included women without pregnancy complications (n=136) and cases of gestational diabetes (n=93), abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT; n=76), gestational hypertension (n=170) and preeclampsia (n=177). Linear regression and linear mixed-effects models estimated adjusted associations between lipids and birth weight z-score, ponderal index (PI), length and head circumference. Among women without complications, cross-sectional associations between total cholesterol measured at different gestational ages increased PI 2.23 to 2.55 kg m−3 per-unit increase in cholesterol. HDL was inversely associated with birth length (β’s=−2.21 and −2.56 cm). For gestational hypertension, triglycerides were associated with birth weight z-score (β’s=0.24 to 0.31). For preeclampsia, HDL was associated with lower birth weight z-scores (β’s=−0.49 and −0.82). Women with gestational diabetes or AGT had inconsistent associations. Examining the level changes across pregnancy, each 0.0037 mmol l−1 increase in HDL was associated with decreased birth weight z-score (β=−0.22), length (β=−0.24 cm) and head circumference (β=−0.24 cm), whereas each 0.028 mmol l−1 increase in triglycerides was associated with increased birth weight z-score (β=0.13) and head circumference (β=0.19 cm). Although associations varied by complications, in general, growth-promoting fuels such as total cholesterol and triglycerides were associated with increased neonatal size, whereas high HDL was associated with smaller size. Maternal HDL that failed to decrease over pregnancy was associated with smaller neonate size.
The Essence of Leadership Development and Performance Effectiveness: A Human Factor Perspective

As is well known, the literature on the various themes presented and discussed in the leadership literature related mostly to diverse leadership literature. More often than not in traditional leadership discussions and analyses, the reader is bombarded with diverse ideas and thoughts as to what makes an excellent leader. In this literature, the case is most frequently made for traditional leadership theories that relate to reigning ideas and concepts during the time periods of the various kinds of leaders put forward, explained, analyzed, and defended. Taking cue from the contents of Chap. 4, the main theme of this chapter is the argument that leadership effectiveness or ineffectiveness is an outcome of the quality of the human factor. The reader ascertains and gains a much deeper perspective on why the traditional view on leadership effectiveness is dead wrong. The chapter guides the reader to know and become more familiar with human factor theory and its relevance to leadership development and effectiveness.
Transatlantic Democracy: Of Soft Contenders

Placing another idea under the microscope, this chapter finds as much transatlantic competition with democracy as with trade, markets, and colonies. After defining democracy and placing it within a transatlantic context, the chapter compares how the democratic ‘pathways’ of the European Union and the United States were implemented in East Europe, as well as Afghanistan and Iraq, respectively. While the analysis helps distinguish between state building and nation building more precisely (exposing both transitions and phases within them), EU conditionality from the graduated US phases, and the ‘top-down’ versus the ‘bottom-up’ varieties, it ultimately accords the EU variety a longer future shadow than the US counterpart owing to the lesser reliance on the military, though the relevance of the US model is found to be wider globally. Diversity riddles the democratic picture here as much as trade did in other chapters.
Inconsistent work performance in automation, can we measure trust in automation?

Automation is prevalent in modern workplaces and its benefits have been proved in various domains However the improved performance levels are not consistent and trust in automation also is difficult to predict and assess To achieve the optimal interaction between human and automation this article looked at three major causes of inconsistent work performance in automation individual difference subjective self reporting measuring and indistinctive automation levels This article suggests some aspects to consider in measuring trust in automation nbsp
The Forteo Patient Registry linkage to multiple state cancer registries: study design and results from the first 8 years.

The Forteo Patient Registry (FPR) aims to estimate the incidence of osteosarcoma in US patients treated with teriparatide. Enrollment began in 2009 and will continue through 2019, with linkage planned through 2024. To date, no incident cases of osteosarcoma have been identified among patients registered in the FPR. The Forteo Patient Registry (FPR) was established in 2009 to estimate the incidence of osteosarcoma in US patients treated with teriparatide. The objective of this paper is to describe study methods, challenges encountered, and progress to date. The FPR is a prospective US registry designed to link data from participants annually with state cancer registries. Patient enrollment is planned for 10 years (2009–2019) and annual linkage with US state cancer registries for 15 years (2010–2024). All US state cancer registries and DC were invited to participate. Patients are recruited using pre-enrollment materials included in teriparatide device packaging, kits, and brochures distributed by health-care providers; a toll-free number; and a study website. A linkage algorithm is used to match data from enrolled participants with cancer registry data. For the eighth annual linkage in 2017, information necessary for linkage with 63,270 patients in the FPR was submitted to each of the 42 participating registries. These patients contributed approximately 242,782 person-years of follow-up. A total of 5268 adult osteosarcoma cases diagnosed since January 1, 2009, were available for linkage from participating state cancer registries. To date, no incident cases of osteosarcoma have been identified among patients registered in the FPR. Based on the estimated 242,782 person-years of observation as of the eighth annual linkage and projecting current enrollment rate to study end in 2024, it is anticipated that the completed study will be able to detect a fourfold increase in the risk of osteosarcoma if one exists.