cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Why should genomic medicine become more evidence-based?

In this issue of the Journal, Kumar gives an extensive historical account of the evidence-based medicine movement, and posits that modern medicine is rapidly moving from the current paradigm of “evidence-based medicine” towards the paradigm of “genomic medicine” in the 21st century (Kumar 2008). In this editorial, we elaborate on one angle of this transition, namely the necessity for genomic medicine to become more evidence-based. The premature introduction of technologies into healthcare settings could potentially overwhelm the health system financially, legally and ethically. In addition, the lack of coverage and reimbursement policies by governments and health insurers will lead to differential penetration of and access to technologies of unknown benefits, potentially exacerbating health disparities.
COMPUTERIZED ANALYSIS OF BLOOD-GAS EQUILIBRIA PART II PREDICTION AND INTERPRETATION OF EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

Whole blood pH values measured in response to changes in gas phase carbon dioxide concentration are compared with predictions derived from the analysis of Part I of this series. Comparison is also made of experimental oxyhemoglobin saturation with algorithmic predictions. The role of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate is examined in each case. Furthermore, means of inferring DPG concentration from saturation measurements are demonstrated.
Tetracycline staining of newly forming bone and mineralizing cartilage in vivo.

Achromycin is given to patients or laboratory animals in doses of 1.0 gm/75 Ib of body wt/24 hr for 3 days, and 2 or more days allowed to elapse before biopsy or sacrifice. Undecalcified sections of bone are then made by Frost's method (Stain Techn., 33, 273-7, 1958) and stained in 1.0% basic fuchsin in 40% ethanol. The achromycin is found deposited in bone mineralizing during the period of drug administration. It develops a visible yellow color, which can be seen by ordinary bright-field microscopy, and which is colorfast and free from diffusion or translocation. It is possible to measure the width of lamellae of bone so labelled and in this manner study osteoblastic activity.
Secondary school students in college – the library’s role

Purpose – The purpose of this column is to examine the environment by which secondary students can avail themselves of college library resources when they are enrolled in a dual enrollment program. Design/methodology/approach – This column presents the literature review and commentary on this topic that has been addressed by professionals, researchers and practitioners. Findings – Colleges present the dual enrollment opportunity to secondary school students as an educational “entitlement”. An additional benefit is providing access to supplementary instruction and research materials through college library services, thus highlighting the college’s library resources as critical to the teaching and learning process. Originality/value – The value in addressing this issue is to acquaint the reader with several examples of the manner by which the college library can benefit secondary school students enrolled in college courses.
Thermal fluctuations in the interacting pion gas

We derive the two-particle fluctuation correlator in a thermal gas of $\ensuremath{\pi}$ mesons to the lowest order in an interaction due to a resonance exchange. A diagrammatic technique is used. We discuss how this result can be applied to event-by-event fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions, in particular, to search for the critical point of QCD. As a practical example, we determine the shape of the rapidity correlator.
Effect of elevated carbon dioxide on bronchial epithelial innate immune receptor response to organic dust from swine confinement barns

Hypercapnia is known to have immunoregulatory effects within the lung. Cell culture systems demonstrate this in both macrophages and alveolar cell lines, suggesting that the alveoli are affected by changes in CO2 levels. We hypothesized that hypercapnia would also modulate human bronchial epithelial cell immune responses. Innate immune responses to Pam3CSK4 (TLR2 ligand), LPS (TLR4 ligand) and a complex innate immune stimulus, an extract from the organic dust of swine confinement barns (barn dust extract or BDE), were tested in a human bronchial epithelial cell line, BEAS-2B. Both TLR ligands showed a decrease in IL-6 and IL-8 production, and an increase in MCP-1 in response to elevated CO2 indicating an enhancement in cytokine production to hypercapnia. This change was not reflected in expression levels of TLR receptor RNA which remained unchanged in response to elevated CO2. Interestingly, barn dust showed an increase in IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 response at 9% CO2, suggesting that elevated CO2 exerts different effects on different stimuli. Our results show that airway epithelial cell immune responses to barn dust respond differently to hypercapnic conditions than individual TLR ligands.
l-Arginine Transport in the Human Coronary and Peripheral Circulation

Background— Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) uses arginine for the production of nitric oxide (NO). High intracellular concentrations of arginine suggest that NOS activity should be independent of plasma arginine supply. However, under certain conditions, increased plasma arginine concentrations appear to be associated with increased NOS activity. The purpose of this study was to explore arginine transport within the human coronary and peripheral circulation Methods and Results— Mass-labeled 15N2-arginine was infused to steady state before cardiac catheterization in 31 patients. After diagnostic angiography, a catheter was placed in the coronary sinus. The transcardiac concentration gradient (aorta−coronary sinus) of 15N2-arginine was used as a measure of arginine transport at baseline and during infusions of acetylcholine and NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (L-NMMA). No gradient was detected at rest. During the infusion of acetylcholine, a significant gradient was detected (2.5±1.2 μmol/L, P=0.01) corresponding to a...
The First Nucleotide Binding Domain of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Is a Site of Stable Nucleotide Interaction, whereas the Second Is a Site of Rapid Turnover

As in other adenine nucleotide binding cassette (ABC) proteins the nucleotide binding domains of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) bind and hydrolyze ATP and in some manner regulate CFTR ion channel gating. Unlike some other ABC proteins, however, there are preliminary indications that the two domains of CFTR are nonequivalent in their nucleotide interactions (Szabo, K., Szakacs, G., Hegeds, T., and Sarkadi, B. (1999)J. Biol. Chem. 274, 12209–12212; Aleksandrov, L., Mengos, A., Chang, X., Aleksandrov, A., and Riordan, J. R. (2001)J. Biol. Chem. 276, 12918–12923). We have now characterized the interactions of the 8-azido-photoactive analogues of ATP, ADP, and 5′-adenyl-β,γ-imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP) with the two domains of functional membrane-bound CFTR. The results show that the two domains appear to act independently in the binding and hydrolysis of 8-azido-ATP. At NBD1 binding does not require a divalent cation. This binding is followed by minimal Mg2+-dependent hydrolysis and retention of the hydrolysis product, 8-azido-ADP, but not as a vanadate stabilized post-hydrolysis transition state complex. In contrast, at NBD2, MgN3ATP is hydrolyzed as rapidly as it is bound and the nucleoside diphosphate hydrolysis product dissociates immediately. Confirming this characterization of NBD1 as a site of more stable nucleotide interaction and NBD2 as a site of fast turnover, the non-hydrolyzable N3AMP-PNP bound preferentially to NBD1. This demonstration of NBD2 as the rapid nucleotide turnover site is consistent with the strong effect on channel gating kinetics of inactivation of this domain by mutagenesis.
Empowered by Wolf

During the AAA annual meeting in Philadelphia, the PhD Program in anthropology of the City U of New Your, together with the U of California Press, hosted a reception to celebrate publication of Eric R Wolf's new book. Hermann Rebel, Professor of History at the U of Arizona, and author of several works at the intersection of anthropology and history, presented his review of the book (Focal Journal for Anthropology, March 1999), excerpts of which are reprinted here.
The painful shoulder: Zeroing in on the most common causes

Most shoulder problems seen by the primary care physician involve impingement syndrome or problems at the acromioclavicular joint. Despite the complexity of the structures involved, most of these conditions can be diagnosed and treated without difficulty. MRI or other imaging studies are seldom needed but can be used to confirm a questionable diagnosis. Referral to an orthopedic surgeon is appropriate if shoulder problems persist for 3 to 6 months or if there is evidence of a medium or large rotator cuff tear, severe shoulder stiffness, or a complicated fracture.
Latino children of immigrants in the child welfare system: Prevalence, characteristics, and risk

Abstract Children in immigrant families are often considered at increased risk of maltreatment due to the stress and pressure experienced by the family resulting from immigration and acculturation. Yet, despite the rapid growth of the immigrant population over the last twenty years, particularly among Latinos, little is known about the prevalence of Latino immigrant families involved in the child welfare system, their characteristics, or the risk factors associated with maltreatment in these families, and how these factors differ from those in Latino families who are native to the United States. This article uses data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being (NSCAW) to report population prevalence estimates of the child and family characteristics, incidence of maltreatment, parent and family risk factors, and community and neighborhood characteristics of children of immigrants involved in child maltreatment investigations. The analyses then examined whether these factors differed significantly from those in families with U.S.-born Latino parents. Findings suggest that significant differences are present, and that many of the risk factors associated with child maltreatment are more likely to be present in native-born Latino families.
A Laccase Associated with Lignification in Loblolly Pine Xylem

Peroxidase has been thought to be the only enzyme that oxidizes monolignol precursors to initiate lignin formation in plants. A laccase was purified from cell walls of differentiating xylem of loblolly pine and shown to coincide in time and place with lignin formation and to oxidize monolignols to dehydrogenation products in vitro. These results suggest that laccase participates in lignin biosynthesis and therefore could be an important target for genetic engineering to modify wood properties or to improve the digestibility of forage crops.
The influence of lime and phosphorus on crop production in northern Idaho

Abstract Soils in northern Idaho are rapidly becoming acidified as a consequence of heavy applications of ammonium‐based N fertilizers on cereal crops. The pH decline occurs primarily in the upper 30 cm of the soil profile. Liming with 4400 kg/ha resulted in 9 to 16% increase in cereal yields. A twenty percent increase in spring pea (Pisium sativum) yield was attributable to lime applications. Spring peas appeared to have a greater response to lime than cereals. This greater response may be due in part to increased numbers of Rhizobium leguminosarum found in the surface 15 cm of limed plots. Lime X P interactions were observed on spring pea and winter wheat yields (Triticum aestivum) in 1983 and 1984. The spring peas had a greater response to lime than wheat. Winter wheat, more tolerant to acid soil conditions, exhibited a greater response to P.
Could training executive function improve treatment outcomes for eating disorders

Current gold standard treatments for eating disorders (EDs) lack satisfactory efficacy, and traditional psychological treatments do not directly address executive functioning deficits underpinning ED pathology. The goal of this paper is to explore the potential for enhancing ED treatment outcomes by improving executive functioning deficits that have been demonstrated to underlie eating pathology. To achieve our objective, we (1) review existing evidence for executive functioning deficits that underpin EDs and consider the extent to which these deficits could be targeted in neurocognitive training programs, (2) present the evidence for the one ED neurocognitive training program well-studied to date (Cognitive Remediation Therapy), (3) discuss the utility of neurocognitive training programs that have been developed for other psychiatric disorders with similar deficits, and (4) provide suggestions for the future development and research of neurocognitive training programs for EDs. Despite the fact that the body of empirical work on neurocognitive training programs for eating disorders is very small, we conclude that their potential is high given the combined evidence for the role of deficits in executive functioning in EDs, the initial promise of Cognitive Remediation Training, and the success in treating related conditions with neurocognitive training. Based on the evidence to date, it appears that the development and empirical evaluation of neurocognitive training programs for EDs is warranted.
P-adic Banach spaces and families of modular forms

Let p be a prime, Cp the completion of an algebraic closure of the p-adic numbers Qp and K a nite extension of Qp contained in Cp. Let v be the valuation on Cp such that v(p) = 1 and let | | be the absolute value on Cp such that |x| = p−v(x) for x ∈ Cp. Suppose N is a positive integer prime to p. Let X1(Np) denote the modular curve over K which represents elliptic curves with 1(Np)-structure and let Up be the Hecke operator on modular forms on X1(Np) which takes a form with q-expansion ∑ n anq n to the modular form with q-expansion ∑ n anpq n. A modular form F is said to have slope ∈ Q if there is a polynomial R(T ) over Cp such that R(Up)F = 0 and such that the Newton polygon of R(T ) has only one side and its slope is − .
Golgi and Endoplasmic Reticulum Functions Take Place in Different Subcellular Compartments of Entamoeba histolytica

Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite that causes dysentery in developing countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The lack of a defined Golgi apparatus in E. histolytica as well as in other protists led to the hypothesis that they had evolved prior to the acquisition of such organelle even though glycoproteins, glycolipids, and antigens have been detected, the latter of which react with antibodies against Golgi apparatus proteins of higher eukaryotes. We here provide direct evidence for Golgi apparatus-like functions in E. histolytica as well as for components of glycoprotein folding quality control. Using a combination of bioinformatic, cell biological, and biochemical approaches we have (a) cloned and expressed the E. histolytica UDP-galactose transporter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae; its K(m) for UDP-galactose is 2.9 microm; (b) characterized vesicles in an extract of the above protist, which transport UDP-galactose into their lumen with a K(m) of 2.7 microm;(c) detected galactosyltransferase activity(ies) in the lumen of the above vesicles with the K(m) for UDP-galactose, using endogenous acceptors, being 93 microm;(d) measured latent apyrase activities in the above vesicles, suggesting they are in the lumen; (e) characterized UDP-glucose transport activities in Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum-like vesicles with K(m)s for UDP-glucose of approximately 2-4 microm. Although the endoplasmic reticulum-like fraction showed UDP-glucose: glycoprotein glucosyltransferase activity, the Golgi apparatus-like fraction did not. This fraction contained other glucosyltransferases. Together, these studies demonstrate that E. histolytica has different vesicles that play a role in protein glycosylation and folding quality control, analogous to the above organellar functions of higher eukaryotes.
A dynamic model for human population growth.

Abstract A mathematical model is formulated in which the current maternity behavior of a population is determined in terms of the past history of births in the population. This model is then used in predicting the character of the future birth trajectory for the population. The solutions which result are interpreted in terms of the recent behavior of the United States population, and possible extensions of the model are discussed.
Whatever happened to DAT? The development and suppression of an innovative music recording technology

(1990). Whatever happened to DAT? The development and suppression of an innovative music recording technology. Popular Music and Society: Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 35-45.
Design Thinking and the Wicked Problem of Teaching Writing

Abstract In this article I explore how the tenets of design thinking as described by Richard Buchanan, Nigel Cross, Lucy Kimbell, Tim Brown and others might be applied to writing instruction. I argue that design thinking, a human-centered approach to designing innovative solutions in response to wicked problems, can help close the gap between writing inside and outside of school and prepare students to participate in a future of writing. More specifically, I recommend that we apply design thinking to writing classes by 1) teaching writing as a design process, 2) creating wicked writing assignments, 3) encouraging writing in teams, and 4) fostering experimentation through prototyping.
SU-FF-I-61: Auto-Recontouring of CBCT Images for Adaptive Therapy

Purpose:Organ delineation on CBCT is an indispensable step in using CBCT data to adaptively modify treatment plan online or offline. With the goal of automating the process, we develop a method to map the existing contours from a patient's treatment plan to his/her CBCTimages.Methods: Two head‐and‐neck and two prostate patients were selected. For each case, 3∼5 on‐treatment CBCTs were acquired during the course of radiotherapy. The organs were manually segmented on the planning CT for treatment planning. A narrow shell of width ∼1cm was created to encompass the contour surface. The shell captures the image features of the neighborhood of the contours and acts as a “signature” of the surface in searching for its best correspondence in CBCT. Deformation of the shell is permissible and is modeled by a spline algorithm. The shell was first mapped rigidly from CT to CBCT, followed by an adjustment of shell shape to adapt any anatomy change. The influence of CBCT reconstruction artifacts on the accuracy and reliability of the proposed algorithm was also studied. Results: Despite that CBCT is noisier and often contains reconstruction artifacts, contour mapping calculations for a total of 16 sets CBCTs showed no single failure, as judged by an inaccuracy anywhere on the boundary larger than 3mm. For the head‐and‐neck patients, high fidelity mapping is achievable with a rigid mapping of the shells. Other than the femoral heads, deformable adjustments of the contours after rigid mapping are found to be necessary for the prostate cases. Noteworthy, the algorithm performs well even in the presence of an unusually large shape change of the bladder in one of the treatment sessions. Conclusions: A contour mapping technique has been developed for CBCTimage segmentation. The method provides a useful tool for future adaptive radiation therapy.
Applications of Nonlinear Optics in Quantum Imaging and Quantum Communication

The nonlinear optical process of spontaneous parametric downconversion is a standard procedure for generating entangled photons. Entanglement is a crucial resource for quantum information studies. We describe our recent results including the application of entangled photons to superresolution and to quantum communication.
Phosphorylation of ventricular sarcolemmal membranes does not alter binding properties of nitrendipine.

Abstract Isoproterenol increased contractility in isolated cat papillary muscles 2-fold with an EC 50 of 6.3·10 -8 M. Nifedipine (3·10 -7 M) reduced contractility in control muscles by 43%; however, inotropic state was restored by isoproterenol with a comparable EC 50 of 5 · 10 -8 M. To test the hypothesis that this effect might result from cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of a Ca 2+ channel-associated protein, [ 3 H]nitrendipine binding was used to probe the high-affinity 1,4-dihydropyridine site in either phosphorylated or dephosphorylated sarcolemmal vesicles. K d and B max values for binding to phosphorylated sarcolemmal vesicles (0.14 ± 0.027 nM and 479 ± 62 fmol/mg protein, respectively) were not significantly different from control values P > 0.4). Similarly, dephosphorylation of sarcolemmal vesicles did not alter binding parameters. These data demonstrate that phosphorylation of sarcolemmal vesicles neither alters the binding affinity for [ 3 H]nitrendipine nor promotes an interconversion of dihydropyridine-binding sites from high to low affinity or vice versa. While phosphorylation may regulate the slow Ca 2+ channel, this is not reflected as changes in [ 3 H]nitrendipine-binding parameters determined in vitro. Furthermore, the cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation state of sarcolemmal proteins does not appear to account for wide variations (more than 100-fold) between K d values from binding studies and IC 50 values determined in pharmacological investigations.
Syndromics: A Bioinformatics Approach for Neurotrauma Research

Substantial scientific progress has been made in the past 50 years in delineating many of the biological mechanisms involved in the primary and secondary injuries following trauma to the spinal cord and brain. These advances have highlighted numerous potential therapeutic approaches that may help restore function after injury. Despite these advances, bench-to-bedside translation has remained elusive. Translational testing of novel therapies requires standardized measures of function for comparison across different laboratories, paradigms, and species. Although numerous functional assessments have been developed in animal models, it remains unclear how to best integrate this information to describe the complete translational “syndrome” produced by neurotrauma. The present paper describes a multivariate statistical framework for integrating diverse neurotrauma data and reviews the few papers to date that have taken an information-intensive approach for basic neurotrauma research. We argue that these papers can be described as the seminal works of a new field that we call “syndromics”, which aim to apply informatics tools to disease models to characterize the full set of mechanistic inter-relationships from multi-scale data. In the future, centralized databases of raw neurotrauma data will enable better syndromic approaches and aid future translational research, leading to more efficient testing regimens and more clinically relevant findings.
Erratum to “COX-2 compensation in the uterus of COX-1 deficient mice during the pre-implantation period”

Erratum to ‘‘COX-2 compensation in the uterus of COX-1 deficient mice during the pre-implantation period’’ [Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 150 (1999) 23–31] Jeff Reese , Naoko Brown , Bibhash C. Paria , Jason Morrow , Sudhansu K. Dey a a Department of Pediatrics, Uni6ersity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-7338, USA b Molecular and Integrati6e Physiology, Uni6ersity of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-7338, USA c Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Uni6ersity Medical Center, Nash6ille, TN 37232-6602, USA www.elsevier.com/locate/mce
Approximate computation of the small-fluctuation determinant around a sphaleron.

We compute, in the high-temperature limit, the determinant of small fluctuations around the sphaleron configuration of electroweak theory using the approximate method of Diakonov, Petrov, and Yung. For the ratio $\frac{\ensuremath{\lambda}}{{g}^{2}}$ of scalar four-point coupling $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ to gauge coupling ${g}^{2}$ near unity, we find that the determinant is of order 1 in agreement with previous computations. For $\frac{\ensuremath{\lambda}}{{g}^{2}}$ large corresponding to a strongly coupled Higgs phase, or for $\frac{\ensuremath{\lambda}}{{g}^{2}}$ very small tending to the Coleman-Weinberg limit, we find that the determinant strongly suppresses the rate of baryon-number-changing processes.
Optical properties of vertical silicon nanowire arrays with random position, diameter, or length

The optical properties of ordered and disordered vertical silicon nanowire arrays, including random position, diameter, and length, are investigated using the finite-difference time-domain method. The ordered array with diameter of 100 nm shows overall small reflection and large absorption. An absorption peak is located at 2.4 eV, which is due to the optical resonance effect. Both randomly-positioned and random diameter arrays remain unreflective as the ordered array. The absorptance of randomly-positioned nanowire arrays has similar frequency dependence as ordered array, while it is enhanced due to the enhanced scattering. Random diameter array has a different absorptance profile and no evident absorption peak is observed, which is explained by the different resonant frequencies of the inclusion nanowires. Random length can create a random rough top surface on the nanowire arrays, which can reduce reflection and enhance absorption compared to uniform top surface.
Two-stage microfluidic device for acoustic particle manipulation

In this paper, we introduce a novel surface acoustic wave (SAW) based two-stage microfluidic platform for continuous particle focusing and separation. The driving force is acoustic radiation force generated by surface acoustic waves in a microfluidic device over a piezoelectric substrate. The prominent features of this two-stage sorter are that particle focusing and separation are accomplished simultaneously and the sorter doesn't require the use of the sheath flow for positioning or aligning of particles, thereby decreasing the complexity. Moreover, no physical contact is needed between the ultrasonic transducer and the medium. The ultrasonic treatment has not been shown to damage cells or biological material as well. Prior to separation, the particles are lined up to the center of the channel in the first stage without adding any sheath flow. After passing the first stage, the larger particles move to the pressure node more quickly than the smaller particles according to the difference of the acoustic forces acting on them. As the acoustic force is proportional to the volume of the particles, the larger particles are subjected to larger acoustic force. Consequently, the flow focused particles are separated with different lateral displacement along the cross-section of the channel. In the present paper, we discuss our design and fabrication efforts as well as review state-of-the-art particles manipulation techniques that are currently employed.
Synthesis and characterization of a dinuclear Ni complex containing a bridging CNC pincer ligand

Abstract The reaction of the bis(carbene) pincer ligand MeCNC with nickel acetate and Bu4NBr produced [(MeCNC)3Ni2]4+[Br]4 (2), a complex that contains the MeCNC ligand in both traditional tridentate chelating modes as well as in a unique, bridging mode between two Ni2+ ions. While 2 could not be crystallized or isolated in a pure form, the anion exchange of bromide with triflate yielded [(MeCNC)3Ni2]4+[OTf]4 (4), which could be recrystallized from methanol and isolated pure. Single-crystal X-ray analysis of 4 confirmed the unusual dual-coordination modes of the MeCNC ligand towards Ni2+ in these species, and represents the initial example of a Group 10 complex of a bridging CNC ligand.
Immobility, inheritance and plasticity of shape of the yeast nucleus

Since S. cerevisiae undergoes closed mitosis, the nuclear envelope of the daughter nucleus is continuous with that of the maternal nucleus at anaphase. Nevertheless, several constitutents of the maternal nucleus are not present in the daughter nucleus. The present study aims to identify proteins which impact the shape of the yeast nucleus and to learn whether modifications of shape are passed on to the next mitotic generation. The Esc1p protein of S. cerevisiae localizes to the periphery of the nucleoplasm, can anchor chromatin, and has been implicated in targeted silencing both at telomeres and at HMR. Upon increased Esc1p expression, cell division continues and dramatic elaborations of the nuclear envelope extend into the cytoplasm. These "esc apades" include nuclear pores and associate with the nucleolus, but exclude chromatin. Escapades are not inherited by daughter nuclei. This exclusion reflects their relative immobility, which we document in studies of prezygotes. Moreover, excess Esc1p affects the levels of multiple transcripts, not all of which originate at telomere-proximal loci. Unlike Esc1p and the colocalizing protein, Mlp1p, overexpression of selected proteins of the inner nuclear membrane is toxic. Esc1p is the first non-membrane protein of the nuclear periphery which – like proteins of the nuclear lamina of higher eukaryotes – can modify the shape of the yeast nucleus. The elaborations of the nuclear envelope ("escapades") which appear upon induction of excess Esc1p are not inherited during mitotic growth. The lack of inheritance of such components could help sustain cell growth when parental nuclei have acquired potentially deleterious characteristics.
Interaction of systemic and local vascular regulation of the intestinal circulation during systemic infusion of norepinephrine

In these studies escape of the intestinal vasculature from the constrictor effect of norepinephrine was examined during systemic intravenous infusion of this catecholamine. Under these conditions about 60% of the escape response appeared to be due to local pressure independent adjustments, 20% due to local pressure dependent adjustments, and 20% due to systemic neurogenic adjustments.
On-road driving evaluations: a potential tool for helping older adults drive safely longer.

Problem: This paper explores the potential use of on-road driving evaluations as a tool for helping older adults extend their safe driving years. Method: Three separate research activities were carried out. The first was a national telephone survey of current and former older drivers. The results of this survey provide information relevant to the potential market for on-road driving evaluations. The second was a series of focus groups with potential stakeholders in the process: driver educators, occupational therapists, and physicians. These groups explored the feasibility and requirements of offering on-road driving evaluations to the wider public. Supplemental data were also collected from a mail survey of driving schools nationwide. Results: Based on the results of these efforts, a number of recommendations are presented for expanding the availability of on-road driving evaluations, specifically to help older adults make more responsible decisions about continuing or stopping driving, and more generally to help them drive safely longer.
Elastic energy storage in an unmineralized collagen type I molecular model with explicit solvation and water infiltration

Abstract Collagen type I is a structural protein that provides tensile strength to tendons and ligaments. Type I collagen molecules form collagen fibers, which are viscoelastic and can therefore store energy elastically via molecular elongation and dissipate viscous energy through molecular rearrangement and fibrillar slippage. The ability to store elastic energy is important for the resiliency of tendons and ligaments, which must be able to deform and revert to their initial lengths with changes in load. In an earlier paper by one of the present authors, molecular modeling was used to investigate the role of mineralization upon elastic energy storage in collagen type I. Their collagen model showed a similar trend to their experimental data but with an over-estimation of elastic energy storage. Their simulations were conducted in vacuum and employed a distance-dependent dielectric function. In this study, we performed a re-evaluation of Freeman and Silver's model data incorporating the effects of explicit solvation and water infiltration, in order to determine whether the model data could be improved with a more accurate representation of the solvent and osmotic effects. We observed an average decrease in the model's elastic energy storage of 45.1%±6.9% in closer proximity to Freeman and Silver's experimental data. This suggests that although the distance-dependent dielectric implicit solvation approach was favored for its increased speed and decreased computational requirements, an explicit representation of water may be necessary to more accurately model solvent interactions in this particular system. In this paper, we discuss the collagen model described by Freeman and Silver, the present model building approach, the application of the present model to that of Freeman and Silver, and additional assumptions and limitations.
Radiative mean lives of some electronic states in beam-foil excited atomic and ionic carbon

Radiative mean lives and transition probabilities of electronic states in beam foil excited atomic and ionic carbon
Resistant Hypertension in the Elderly

Resistant hypertension is more prevalent in the elderly population. Current data clearly shows the benefit of blood pressure control in older individuals. It is important to first differentiate pseudoresistance from true resistant and institute appropriate therapy. In those patients with resistant hypertension without an identifiable cause, non invasive measurement of hemodynamic profile is an important option to achieve meet blood pressure goals.
Ornithine decarboxylase and polyamines in silkmoth pupal tissues: effects of ecdysone and injury.

Abstract 1. 1. Ornithine decarboxylase was almost undetectable in fat body and wing tissue from cecropia silkmoth pupae in diapause, but after injection of β-ecdysone, activity rose steeply to a maximum at about 18 h. Injection of water or the inactive analog 22-isoecdysone also induced the enzyme in both tissues, an effect attributable to injury, but in wings β-ecdysone induced a 10-fold greater increase. Cycloheximide blocked induction of the enzyme. 2. 2. Tissues incubated for 12–18 h in culture medium developed a certain level of ornithine decarboxylase. β-Ecdysone in the medium caused definite additional induction, while α-ecdysone had little or no effect. 3. 3. The levels of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine were determined in a series of tissue samples. Putrescine was relatively concentrated (2–8 mM) in hemolymph, and was elevated 48 h after injection of ecdysone; in fat body, levels were lower and changed less. Spermidine was elevated in fat body and wings 24–36 h after injection of β-ecdysone. Spermine showed no clear pattern of change. 4. 4. Among the consequences of ecdysone action in pupal fat body and wings, induction of ornithine decarboxylase coincides in time with a previously observed peak of RNA synthesis, and maximal spermidine levels appear somewhat later.
Identification through Orangutans: Destabilizing the Nature/Culture Dualism

The nature/culture dualism has long been criticized for constructing social beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors that fail to respect and value the natural world. One possible way to bridge the divide between the human and non-human worlds is the process of identification. Orangutans, an endangered species found in Indonesia and Malaysia, enable individuals to bridge, connect, and identify with a seemingly separate natural world. Through identification with orangutans, humans come to reevaluate their own perspectives and dichotomous ways of thinking about their relationships with nature.
Separate and unequal: the influence of neighborhood and school characteristics on spatial proximity between fast food and schools.

article i nfo Objective. Social science and health literature have identified residential segregation as a critical factor in exposure to health-related resources, including food environments. Differential spatial patterning of food environments surrounding schools has significant import for youth. We examined whether fast food restaurants clustered around schools in New York City, and whether any observed clustering varied as a function of school type, school racial demographics, and area racial and socioeconomic demographics. Method. We geocoded fast food locations from 2006 (n=817) and schools from 2004-2005 (n=2096; public and private, elementary and secondary) in the five boroughs of New York City. A point process model (inhomogeneous cross-K function) examined spatial clustering. Results. A minimum of 25% of schools had a fast food restaurant within 400 m. High schools had higher fast food clustering than elementary schools. Public elementary and high schools with large proportions of Black students or in block groups with large proportions of Black residents had higher clustering than White counterparts. Finally, public high schools had higher clustering than private counterparts, with 1.25 to 2 times as many restaurants than expected by chance. Conclusion. The results suggest that the geography of opportunity as it relates to school food envi- ronments is unequal in New York City.
Responses of cortisol secretion to repeated hemorrhage in the anesthetized dog

We used two sequential 7.5 ml/kg hemorrhages, spaced 24 h apart, in the chronically prepared, pentobarbital-anesthetized dog to study the effects of repeated stimuli on the adrenocortical system. Adrenal secretion of cortisol, peripheral cortisol, and ACTH were measured. All three variables increased after an initial 7.5 ml/kg hemorrhage. When the hemorrhage was repeated 24 h later, the secretory response of cortisol began more rapidly (by 4 min), reached a higher peak, and was more prolonged than the response on day 1. ACTH rose to significantly higher values than on day 1, but only after 8 min. There were no differences in cardiovascular variables after hemorrhage on the 2 days. A repeated 3.75 ml/kg hemorrhage did not lead to a potentiated response. These results confirm reports that after physiological stimulation, changes occur in the pituitaryadrenal system that may lead to a potentiated response to later stimuli. The mechanism of these changes is unknown, but our results suggest that both an increa...
Consumer attitudes toward GMOs: The Ohio experience

ABSTRACT: Data were collected from 902 rural and urban residents of Ohio during the winter of 2003 to assess attitudes toward the production of genetically modified (GM) plants and animals. Attitudes were assessed using Likert-type attitude statements. The theoretical perspective used in the investigation was developed from diffusion and risk perception theories. Regression modeling demonstrated that the theoretical model was very good for predicting variability in attitudes toward GM plants and animals. Approximately 61% of the variance in the dependent variable was explained by the statistical model. The findings are discussed in the context of the social acceptability of GM food and fiber products among Ohio residents.
Coevolutionary Biology: Sex and the Geographic Mosaic of Coevolution

Natural selection can favor the coexistence of sexual and asexual forms of a species even within a single ecosystem, when hotspots of coevolution between hosts and parasites occur next to coldspots.
The Comparability of New‐Dialect Formation and Creole Development

Book reviewed: New-Dialect Formation: The Inevitability of Colonial Englishes. Peter Trudgill.
Fertility Translation in Arab Countries a Re-evaluation

During the two decades extending from the late 1970s, average TFR in Arab countries declined by more than two births per woman. The paper examines changes in the proximate determinants of Arab fertility and evaluates some of the underlying factors that are variously held to have influenced the fertility transition. The proximate and underlying determinants of fertility in Arab countries are compared with those of other regions. Among the factors examined are economic hardship, delayed marriage, and female education and labor force participation. The roles of oil revenues and of the Islamic religion are also considered. An interesting feature is that fertility declined despite continued desires for large families.
Separation of Achiral and Chiral Analytes Using Polymeric Surfactants with Ionic Liquids as Modifiers in Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography

In this study, we report the use of ionic liquids as modifiers in the separation of achiral and chiral analytes in micellar electrokinetic chromatography. In this investigation, polymeric surfactants and ionic liquids were added to a low-conducting buffer solution. The polymeric surfactants used in this study were poly(sodium N-undecylelinic sulfate) and poly(sodium oleyl-l-leucylvalinate). The ionic liquids used in this study were chosen because of their high conductivity, hydrophobicity, and good solvating properties. Thus, it was expected that these ionic liquids would have the ability to assist in the separation of hydrophobic mixtures while maintaining adequate background current. Three analyte mixtures were separated using various buffer combinations of polymeric surfactant and ionic liquids. The ionic liquids were shown to improve the resolution and peak efficiency of the analytes while maintaining adequate background current.
Smart structures technology and biomechanics research

The human musculoskeletal system represents one of the ultimate manifestations of smart structures capabilities. It can sense, actuate, and heal for periods occasionally in excess of one hundred years. As a natural consequence, research and treatment regimes for a variety of musculoskeletal disorders use technologies that are in many respects very similar to that of the more traditional aerospace and civil smart structures technologies. This paper presents an overview of the technologies that are currently in use in orthopaedic practice and research that mimic these more traditional smart structures. This includes a wide variety of instrumentation that can measure loads and motions within the musculoskeletal system, within prostheses (artificial joints and limbs), and within orthoses (devices that limit the motion of joints and limbs). Included are discussions about the instrumentation of spine and hip implants and the use of telemetry to transmit the data, the measurement of spinal motions through goniometers and surface-attached lordosimeters, and the forces involved in ambulation. In addition to the systems that can measure loads and motions, there are some devices that can measure these quantities and respond in such as way as to control the motions or loads. A 'virtual corset' that provides audio and/or tactile feedback to patients to prevent excessive trunk flexion is described.
Distributed Bottleneck Flow Control in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Flow control in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) encounters more challenges than flow control in conventional wired networks, such as channel bandwidth variation, medium contention, and frequent re-routing. Without proper flow control, serious network performance degradation in MANETs has been reported in recent studies. In this paper, we introduce a distributed bottleneck flow control technique in MANETs. The proposed scheme uses a distributed flow control mechanism that has been used in both bottleneck flow control and bandwidth balancing in Distributed-Queue-Dual-Bus (DQDB) in wired networks. It extends bandwidth balancing to operate in a mobile wireless environment. Extensive simulations demonstrate that our flow control scheme is effective and can provide max-min fairness as well as improve Quality of Service (QoS) for flows in MANETs.
IMPINGEMENT COOLING PERFORMANCE IN GAS TURBINE AIRFOILS INCLUDING EFFECTS OF LEADING EDGE SHARPNESS

An experimental study of the heat transfer characteristics of impingement into cavities which model the cooled leading edges of gas turbine engine airfoils is presented. The study includes both two-dimensional slot jets and single lines of evenly-spaced circular jets. For broad cylindrical cavities correlations are given for the maximum heat transfer rates attainable with optimum positioning of the jet nozzle with respect to the cooled surface. For elongated narrow cavities heat transfer rates relative to these maximum values are presented for a variety of cavity shapes.
Mesoscale modeling of microstructurally small fatigue cracks in metallic polycrystals

Abstract The formation and early growth of fatigue cracks in the high cycle fatigue regime is influenced by microstructure features such as grain size and morphological and crystallographic texture. However, most fatigue models do not predict the influence of the microstructure on early stages of crack formation, or they employ parameters that should be calibrated with experimental data from specimens with microstructures of interest. These post facto strategies are adequate to characterize materials, but they are not fully appropriate to aid in the design of fatigue-resistant engineering alloys. This paper presents a modeling framework that facilitates relative assessment of fatigue resistance among different microstructures, including the microstructurally small crack growth regime. The scheme employs finite element simulations based on crystal plasticity that explicitly render the microstructure and a methodology that estimates transgranular growth of microstructurally small cracks on a grain-by-grain basis, including consideration of growth within grains and stress redistribution as the cracks extend. The methodology is implemented in ABAQUS and is calibrated to study fatigue crack initiation of a bimodal grain size distribution found in RR1000 powder processed Ni-base superalloys for aircraft gas turbine disk applications. The transition to intergranular failure is also considered.
3D isotropic high-resolution diffusion-weighted MRI of the whole brain with a motion-corrected steady-state free precession sequence.

The main obstacle to high-resolution (<1.5 mm isotropic) 3D diffusion-weighted MRI is the differential motion-induced phase error from shot-to-shot. In this work, the phase error is addressed with a hybrid 3D navigator approach that corrects motion-induced phase in two ways. In the first, rigid-body motion is corrected for every shot. In the second, repeatable nonrigid-body pulsation is corrected for each portion of the cardiac cycle. These phase error corrections were implemented with a 3D diffusion-weighted steady- state free precession pulse sequence and were shown to mitigate signal dropouts caused by shot-to-shot phase inconsistencies compared to a standard gridding reconstruction in healthy volunteers. The proposed approach resulted in diffusion contrast more similar to the contrast observed in the reference echo-planer imaging scans than reconstruction of the same data without correction. Fractional anisotropy and Color fractional anisotropy maps generated with phase-corrected data were also shown to be more similar to echo-planer imaging reference scans than those generated without phase correction. Magn Reson Med 70:466–478, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
INFORMATION OVERLAP IN MULTILINGUAL WIKIPEDIA AND SUMMARIZATION

Wikipedia is used as a training corpus for many information selection tasks: summarization, question-answering, etc. The information presented in Wikipedia articles as well as the order in which this information is presented, is treated as the gold standard and is used for improving the quality of information selection systems. However, the Wikipedia articles corresponding to the same entry (person, location, event, etc.) written in different languages have substantial differences regarding what information is included in these articles. In this paper we analyze the regularities of information overlap among the articles about the same Wikipedia entry written in different languages: some information facts are covered in the Wikipedia articles in many languages, while others are covered only in a few languages. We introduce a hypothesis that the structure of this information overlap is similar to the information overlap structure (pyramid model) used in summarization evaluation, as well as the information o...