cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perhaps mode of response does not explain intra-individual variability.

An individual's behavior varies from time to time but the behavior of some persons appears to be more consistent from one time to another than that of others. The extent to which temporal consistency of behavior is a generalized characteristic extending over several or all types of behavior is not known but research on both factored aptitudes (Berdie, 1968) and measurable personality characteristics (Fiske, 1957) suggests that consistency is not highly generalized but neither is it specific to each behavior. Temporal consistency for some behaviors is related to consistency of others but not to the consistency of all. Fiske reported in 1957 that the correlations between relatively reliable indices of intra-individual variability obtained on several personality assessment instruments ranged from -.20 to .71, with a median correlation of .22. The reliability of his variability scores ranged from .46 to 96. He identified four factors in the matrix of correlations between variability indices and concluded that in the personality measures used, "the mode of response seems to explain the clustering." His personality measurements included six scales of a personality inventory, self ratings, sentence completion tests, a scale of physiognornic cues, and an insight tesc. Ss were 30 university st~idents paid to participate in repeated testing. Some data collected by Layton (1954) using the MMPI allowed us to examine the differences among indices of intra-individual variability on several personality scales when the mode of response was held constant. Layton administered the MMPI at weekly intervals to 15 male and female graduate psychology students and the number of tests ranged from 9 to 18. In his original analysis, Layton was not concerned with the relationship of incra-individual variability on one scale to intra-individual variability on other scales. In the current analysis an attempt was made to observe the extent to which an individual's variability on one scale was related to his variability on each of the other scales. For each of the 15 Ss, 12 standard deviations were computed, each standard deviation being based on all of Ss' raw scores on the appropriate
Plasmon-controlled fluorescence: applications to sensing and single molecule detection

Plasmon-controlled fluorescence (PCF) creates new opportunities to dramatically improve the fluorescence detection efficiency. We summarize recent works on single molecule studies on metal-fluorophore interactions and suggest how these effects will result in new classes of experimental procedures, novel probes, bioassays and devices.
US regulation and new pesticide registrations and sales

This article empirically examines the impact of regulation on new pesticide crop use registrations and sales. Results suggest that regulatory costs negatively affect new pesticide crop use registrations, require firms to develop only high-revenue pesticides that generate sufficient revenue to meet the higher testing costs associated with regulation, and cause a decline in minor crop pesticide registrations. From a public policy perspective, results suggest that the availability of effective chemical pesticides for minor crops, such as fruits and vegetables, will likely decline over time. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Computerization in the clinical pathology laboratory

Abstract This paper is designed to explain and illustrate the use of an IBM 1800 computer in the clinical laboratory of the University of Kentucky Medical Center. We shall point out the need for the computer, explain the data input system devised and the task undertaken, and then outline the solution developed.
Menstrual history and breast cancer surgery.

Letter on the possible impact of the timing of surgery within the menstrual cycle in breast cancer. In mouses, it influences the frequency of metastatises. In women, prospectives studies must be realized
Dispersion models of unsteady tubular reactors

Axial dispersion in time-variable laminar flow in a tubular reactor is analyzed using an exact procedure for the case of a homogenous first-order reaction. For the first time since the Taylor Dispersion model was originally introduced for the modeling of reactors, its validity is examined over a wide range of the reaction rate parameter by comparison against an exact analysis. It is shown that a constant coefficient dispersion model can be obtained from first principles for large values of time only for initial distribution problems; however, this simple approximate model also is reasonably good for describing concentration distributions for the present inlet distribution problem for slow reactions and for axial locations sufficiently far away from the inlet. For rapid reactions, while the dispersion model is inaccurate in describing axial concentration distributions, it is surprisingly good for predicting the reactor length required for complete conversion. In contrast to the conclusion of a recent article, it will be shown that the dispersion coefficient is independent of the reaction rate constant. On analyse la dispersion axiale qui se produit dans un ecoulement laminaire a temps variable dans un reacteur tubulaire. Pour la premiere fois depuis qu'on a introduit le modele de dispersion de Taylor pour representer les reacteurs, on a etudie sa valeur sur une grande echelle de taux de reaction en comparant les resultats avec ceux d'une analyse exacte. On a constate qu'on ne peut obtenir un modele de dispersion constant, constant, a partir des premiers principes pour les grandes valeurs que lorsqu'il s'agit de problemes de distribution initiale; cependant, ce modele simple et approximatif est raisonnablement satisfaisant pour decrire les distributions de concentrations, dans le cas du present probleme de distribution a l'entree, lorsqu'il s'agit de reactions lentes et de points axiaux qui sont suffisamment eloignes de l'entree. Dans le cas des reactions rapides, bien que le modele de dispersion soit inexact pour decrire les distributions axiales des concentrations, il est satisfaisant d'une maniere surprenante pour prevoir la longueur du reacteur qui est requise pour une transformation complete. Contrairement a ce qu'indiquait la conclusion dans un article recent, on a constate que le coefficient etait independant de la constante du taux de reaction.
Iron adsorption by Bacillus subtilis bacterial cell walls

Abstract Adsorption of Fe to bacterial surfaces is known to occur and is a possible precursor to biomineralization of Fe-oxides. However, the extent of adsorption and the resulting effect on saturation conditions in the presence of bacteria have not been adequately explored. We conduct four types of experiments: (1) kinetic precipitation-type experiments with and without bacteria at starting Fe concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 ppm at a constant of pH of 3; (2) batch adsorption experiments as a function of bacteria concentration and at a total Fe concentration of 2.5 ppm; (3) batch adsorption/desorption experiments at low pH ( The results of the experiments conducted in oversaturated conditions demonstrate that bacteria significantly enhance the rate and extent of Fe removal from solution relative to the bacteria-free controls. We use the results of the separate batch adsorption experiments to determine stability constants for Fe-bacteria surface complexes assuming zero precipitation at these low Fe, low pH conditions. The observed increase in Fe removed in the presence of bacteria in ‘oversaturated’ conditions can be accounted for by adsorption only, using a surface model based on the reaction: Fe 3+ +R>L1 − ↔R>L1Fe 2+ log K =6.1±0.4 where R>L1 − represents the deprotonated form of the bacterial surface functional group with a p K a value of 3.3. The stability of the Fe–bacteria sorption reaction is orders of magnitude stronger than that observed for the other metal–bacteria systems, emphasizing the importance of Fe(III) adsorption in bacteria-bearing systems. Some Fe removal by the bacteria was irreversible on the time scale of our experiments, indicating that, although adsorption has the potential to account for the observed Fe removal, the process is likely more complicated than simple metal adsorption onto bacterial cell wall functional groups.
Cursor dynamics: aesthetic exploration of the bubble cursor

This demonstration involves two interactive prototypes that explore how rich media (e.g., animation, sound) and keyboard interaction can be used to aesthetically enhance an unconventional interaction technique known as a bubble cursor [3]. The project's methodology can be understood as design exploration research [2]. The theoretical framework used to guide the investigation involves Barry's [1] neurological model of perceptual aesthetics and Laurel's [5] Computers as Theatre paradigm. The purpose of the demonstration is to spur dialogue and gather feedback to inform future research.
Chalcogen-rich lanthanide clusters: cluster reactivity and the influence of ancillary ligands on structure.

Ytterbium metal reacts with PhEEPh (E = S, Se, Te) and elemental Se in pyridine to give (pyridine)8Yb4(SeSe)2(Se)2(μ2-SPh)2(SPh)2, (py)8Yb4Se(SeSe)3(SeSeSePh)(Se0.38SePh), and (py)8Yb4Se(SeSe)3(SeSeTePh)(SeTePh), respectively. The SePh and TePh compounds contain a square array of Ln(III) ions all connected to a central Se2- ligand. Three edges of the square are bridged by diselenide ligands, with the fourth SeSe unit coordinating to an EPh ligand that has been displaced from an inner Yb coordination sphere. Differences in the two compounds have their origin in the relative strength of the Yb−E(Ph) bond. In the TePh compound, there is a complete insertion of Se into the remaining Yb−Te(Ph) bond to give a terminal SeTePh ligand, while in the SePh compound there is a compositional disorder in the structure comprised of a terminal SePh ligand and a minor component that has Se inserted into the Yb−Se(Ph) bond to give a terminal SeSePh ligand. The thiolate compound differs dramatically, crystallizing as a rhomb...
Direct Lightning Strikes to Test Power Distribution Lines—Part I: Experiment and Overall Results

The interaction of rocket-triggered lightning with two unenergized power distribution lines of about 800 m length was studied at the International Center for Lightning Research and Testing in Florida. A horizontally configured line was tested in 2000, and a vertically configured line in 2001, 2002, and 2003. The horizontally and vertically configured lines were equipped with six and four arrester stations, respectively, and, additionally, in 2003, the vertical line with a pole-mounted transformer. During the 2000, 2001, and 2002 experiments, arresters were frequently rendered inoperable by disconnector operation during triggered lightning strokes, but there was no disconnector operation during the 2003 experiment when the transformer was on the line. In all four years, there were commonly flashovers from the struck phase-conductor to the closest phase-conductor not subjected to direct lightning current injection. The self-consistency of measurements is assessed via comparison of the injected lightning current with: 1) the total current flowing to Earth through the multiple line groundings and 2) the total phase-to-neutral current flowing through the line arresters and line terminations. This paper is part one of two related papers.
Electroabsorption studies of undoped C60 thin films

Abstract Electroabsorption spectra have been measured for undoped C 60 thin films at 80 and 300 K in the spectral range 1.76 to 5 eV. Absorption and thermal modulation spectra have also been obtained. The electronic energy levels of C 60 are reviewed, and the electroabsorption spectra are discussed in terms of the Stark effect on energy levels of A g , H g and T u symmetries.
Occupant Restraint System Design Under Uncertainty Using Analytical Uncertainty Propagation Via Metamodels

The effectiveness of using Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) tools to support design decisions is often hindered by the enormous computational demand of complex analysis models, especially when uncertainty is considered. Approximations of analysis models, also known as “metamodels”, are widely used to replace analysis models for optimization under uncertainty. However, due to the inherent nonlinearity in occupant responses during a crash event and relatively large numbers of uncertain variables and responses, naive application of metamodeling techniques can yield misleading results with little or no warning from the algorithms which generate the metamodels. Furthermore, in order to improve the quality of metamodels, a relatively large number of design of experiments (DOE) and comparatively expensive metamodeling techniques, such as Kriging or radial basis function (RBF), are necessary. Thus, sampling-based methods, e.g. Monte Carlo simulations, for obtaining the statistical quantities of system responses during the optimization loop may still be inefficient even for these metamodels. In recent years, analytical uncertainty propagation via metamodels is proposed by Chen et al. 2004, which provides analytical formulation of mean and variance evaluations via a variety of metamodeling techniques to reduce the computational time and improve the convergence behavior of optimization under uncertainty. An occupant restraint system design problem is used as an example to test the applicability of this method.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Sentence comprehension in children with specific language impairment: effects of input rate and phonological working memory.

Background: Many children with specific language impairment (SLI) exhibit sentence comprehension difficulties. In some instances, these difficulties appear to be related to poor linguistic knowledge and, in other instances, to inferior general processing abilities. Two processing deficiencies evidenced by these children include reduced linguistic processing speed and diminished phonological working memory (PWM) capacity. While providing children with SLI a slower input rate appears to facilitate their immediate (real‐time) processing of language; it is not known whether such a manipulation might also promote better offline (conventional) sentence comprehension. Complicating the potential benefits of a slower input rate on these children's offline comprehension is that a slower input rate might negatively interact with their PWM deficit. That is, a slower presentation rate may have the unintended consequence of placing too great a temporal burden on these children's vulnerable PWM system, thereby leading t...
Teaching the novice programmer: A study of instructional sequences and perception

Studies show that for many years courses teaching computer programming skills to novices have engendered a dislike for programming in many students. The first phase of this study presented identical content in one of three instructional sequences to 34 college students who were programming novices to determine which produced the greatest development of programming expertise. Learning was measured by performance on a Programming Assessment given immediately after the intervention, and effort and difficulty were self-rated during the instruction. There was no significant difference among the groups in Programming Assessment scores, and overall self-rated effort and difficulty of the instruction did not vary simply by rearranging the order in which the major elements were presented. However, instructional units that covered programming syntax skills and structures were rated by all groups as requiring significantly less effort and difficulty than units covering plans, and participants in all groups scored significantly higher on syntax skills and structures than on plans. The second phase sought evidence that there were differences in perception and the complexity of knowledge in long term memory between novices and experts programmers by comparing the fifteen top performing participants on the Programming Assessment with three programming experts in chunking a short program and in constructing the central solution statement to four programming problems. Experts chunked programs to twice the levels and twice as fast as novices, indicating differences in the mental organization of novices and experts. The implications of these results are discussed.
Use of DS/SS signaling to mitigate Rayleigh fading in a dense scatterer environment

The issues discussed are summarised by a minimal checklist which should be applied to any DS/SS link architecture for use in a dense scatterer environment. For effective mitigation of fading the chip interval T, should be at most equal to the RMS delay spread /spl Delta/, indeed preferably much smaller. For minimal intersymbol interference the symbol duration T/sub s/ should be much longer than /spl Delta/. On a fast-moving antenna platform the distance traversed by the antenna during one symbol interval should be much less than 0.38 /spl lambda/. Otherwise, coherent symbol correlation becomes difficult, and a high irreducible error rate may result. The so-called mean bit error rates are just that. They are probabilistic means over the full range of antenna travel. If the antenna tends to remain stationary or travel very slowly, then perhaps it is more meaningful to speak of the maximum (or worst-case) error rate over a specified large fraction of all antenna locations. The chip stream should be as random as possible; that is, the chip values should be statistically uncorrelated. A chip-matched filter, adaptive to the continual metamorphoses of the arriving chip pulse shape and the mean chip arrival time, is essential to symbol detection at those frequently occurring antenna locations where the received power is a minimum, dispersion is a maximum, and the chip pulses arrive with essentially zero mean value. Such situations crop up roughly once per wavelength of antenna travel. In DPSK signaling the matched filter could be as simple as a single time delay of duration T/sub s/.
Effect of Controlled Rate Freezing on the Microstructural Properties of Poly (L-lactic Acid) Scaffolds

Bio-degradable poly (l-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffolds were prepared by using thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) method. A solution of PLLA-Dioxane was formed by dissolving PLLA in dehydrated 1,4-Dioxane at three wt/vol percentages, specifically 3, 7 and 10%. This PLLA-Dioxane solution was then frozen in borosilicate glass vials (5mL) at three cooling rates (1, 10 and 40 °C/min) in a commercially available controlled rate freezer (CRF). The frozen solution was freeze-dried to sublimate the dioxane. The microstructural properties of the resulting PLLA scaffolds were determined utilizing Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images and uniaxial compressive testing. The relationship between the wt/vol ratio of PLLA and Dioxane and the imposed cooling rates on the structural properties of PLLA scaffolds was determined.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
The problem of reasoning by case analysis

This article is the twenty-ninth of a series of articles discussing various open research problems in automated reasoning. The problem proposed for research asks one to find criteria that an automated reasoning program can apply to decide when to conduct a case analysis argument and to decide which cases are appropriate. When the choice of employing a case analysis argument is wise and the cases are well chosen, the likelihood that the reasoning program — or, for that matter, a person — will find an answer to the given question is sharply increased.
The effect of interlayer interactions on chemisorption pattern stability: Hydrogen atoms on graphite

Extended Huckel band calculations, frontier crystal orbital analysis, and degenerate-level perturbation theory are used to evaluate the effect inclusion of bulk-layer interactions has on the relative stabilities of ordered overlayers. Five patterns of hydrogen atoms chemisorbed on unreconstructed graphite (11% coverage) are examined for the Bernal (ABABAB...) and registered (AAA...) three-dimensional stackings. The single-layer two-dimensional approximation for graphite is found not to be entirely satisfactory for the type of chemisorption pattern stability questions addressed in this paper
Kinetics of the 20°C phase transformation in polytetrafluoroethylene

The rate at which PTFE transforms from the triclinic to the hexagonal phase has been measured under isothermal conditions. Samples in a series of decreasing density and crystallinity show increased isothermal rates of transformation. Observed kinetic data are interpreted on the basis of a modified Avrami-Johnson-Mehl treatment. A model for the transformation in which planes of helix-hand reversal propagate through the lattice is shown to fit the experimental results. The transformation rate is observed to be proportional to the total (001) surface area in the polytetrafluoroethylene specimens, suggesting that nucleation of the transformation takes place at grain boundaries.
Home Enteral Tube Feeding in Children After Chemotherapy or Bone Marrow Transplantation

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has been the standard method of nutrition support for children with cancer receiving intensive chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation who are taking inadequate calories at the time of hospital discharge. In an effort to reduce costs and improve outcome, we have been using enteral tube feedings in these children, both in hospital and at home. Between 1995 and 1997, 10 children with cancer and 1 child receiving intensive chemotherapy for disseminated Langerhan's cell histiocytosis received home enteral tube feedings. Small (6F or 8F) nasogastric (NG) tubes were used in 9 (82%) children, and 2 (18%) children were fed via percutaneous gastrostomies (G-tube). Home enteral tube feedings were administered for a total of 512 days (NG = 188 and G-tube = 324). The tubes were well tolerated, and the children had minimal complications despite neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. The cost of the home enteral tube feedings in these 11 children was $31,315 less than the cost of TPN.
Hepatic glucose autoregulation: responses to small, non-insulin-induced changes in arterial glucose.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the sedentary dog is able to autoregulate glucose production (Ra) in response to non-insulin-induced changes (<20 mg/dl) in arterial glucose. Dogs...
Keynote speaker: Telepresence: Soon not just a dream and a promise

Dreams of telepresence are fed by special effects in movies, on stage, and in TV programs. These illusions regularly fool the audiences of these productions, but they do not achieve telepresence for the actual participants in two or more distant locations. Some of the illusions used in these productions have been known and exploited for centuries. Why, then, is telepresence so diffcult to achieve? This talk will explore some of the classic illusions, review recent technical advances in the component technologies of 3D acquisition and 3D display, and suggest directions for future development. We will also examine the impact of such recent developments as Microsoft Kinect and Google Glass, and how they may dramatically improve the chances that some forms of telepresence may become commercially viable in the near future.
Predicting the Mobility of Tracked Robotic Vehicles

Robotic vehicles are an attractive alternative to manned vehicles in hazardous or dangerous off road and urban environments. Present designs of robot vehicles employ wheels or tracks as the running gears and, in general, tracks provide superior mobility on rough or uneven terrain. This paper presents a multibody dynamics model of a tracked robotic vehicle for the purpose of predicting mobility in two different scenarios: 1) steep terrains, and 2) urban terrains in the form of staircases. In both scenarios we study the physical limitations on vehicle mobility imposed by key vehicle design variables and vehicle operating conditions. Example vehicle design variables include the location of the mass center, grouser penetration, and track/terrain friction. Example vehicle operating conditions include climbing under full versus partial track/terrain contact, and climbing on straight versus switch back courses.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Nuestro Futuro saludable: connecting public health research and community development in partnership to build a healthy environment

Caribbean Latinos are the largest Latino group in Boston, primarily located in the Jamaica Plain (JP) neighborhood. There are various macro-level public health issues that result from the built environment in JP, factors which can create and sustain health disparities. Caribbean Latino youth are a priority group in JP, and it is important to address the causes of disparities early in life to promote good health. Presented here is an integrated research-and-action model to engage community stakeholders and researchers in designing an intervention to mitigate the negative health effects of the built environment and maximize community assets. The approach operates from a community empowerment model that allows public health practitioners, policy makers, researchers and residents to take an up-stream approach to improve health by focusing on the built environment, which is integral to community development.
People, Inc.: a systems design aid and tool for user communications

Is computing an art or a science? Is the systems analyst an artist or a scientist? These questions have been the subject of lively debates in the last half of the 20th century and although the science of computing has established a place for itself and become the foundation for computing professionals, there is still room for the artist, especially in systems analysis.
Effect of drinking on angiotensin-II-induced shifts in regional cerebral blood flow in the rat

A map of brain regions affected by central administration of the octapeptide angiotensin II (AII) and that would further reflect the consequences of AII's well-known dipsogenic action was developed. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) as an indicator of neuronal activity was measured in conscious rats shortly after an ICV bolus injection of 100 ng AII or saline vehicle (VEH). AII-treated animals were further subdivided into two groups that were either permitted to drink [AII (W+)] or whose water was removed when drinking was attempted [AII (W-)]. When compared to VEH condition, blood flow increased significantly within 1 min after AII treatment in 33 of 53 regions sampled in those rats not given an opportunity to drink. In 11 of these 33 regions, ingestion of a small amount of water was associated with a reversal of AII-induced elevation in blood flow [i.e., AII (W+) less than AII (W-)]; these regions included the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis, rostral lateral hypothalamus, supraoptic nuclei, rostral zona incerta, and median eminence. A group of similarly treated rats exhibited a significant elevation of mean arterial blood pressure following AII treatment without significant shifts in arterial blood gases, pH, or bicarbonate. These data are consistent with prominent involvement of the anteroventral third ventricular region of the rat brain. The results further indicate that rCBF may be a sensitive measure for the identification of central sites of action of AII as a dipsogenic agent and may reveal distinctions between regions associated primarily with initiation of drinking and those reflecting the results of subsequent behavioral events.
DNA-based nonlinear photonic materials

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), extracted from salmon sperm through an enzyme isolation process, is a by-product of Japan’s fishing industry. To make DNA a suitable material for nonlinear optic (NLO) applications, it is precipitated with a surfactant complex, hexadecyltrimethlammonium chloride (CTMA). Preliminary characterization studies suggest DNA-CTMA may be a suitable host material for guest-host NLO polymer based electro-optic (EO) waveguide devices. The optical and electromagnetic properties of DNA-CTMA, as well as the development and EO measurement of a disperse red 1 (DR1) guest / DNA/CTMA host NLO material, are reported. Comparisons to a DR1 guest / poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) host NLO material are made.
The Present State of Rembrandt Studies

Because they came into this world or because they left it exactly one or more centuries ago, Erasmus, Pieter Bruegel, Rembrandt and Matisse were commemorated in 1969. Special exhibitions were devoted to all four, and the pace of publications quickened. The first volume of Erasmus's Opera Omnia was prepared in time to appear in the Erasmus Year, and the exhibition in Rotterdam devoted to him probably included more works of art of great significance than any other exhibition that was primarily of a historical rather than an art-historical nature. Pieter Bruegel's art and thought as it was reproduced and made accessible in the numerous prints issued by Jerome Cock and other publishers was shown in Brussels, and both Bruegel and Matisse received special attention at the International Congress of the History of Art in Budapest. The number of exhibitions and the volume of publications devoted to them, however, are in no way comparable to the staggering amount of articles, catalogues and books devoted to Rembrandt (see appended list referred to by number). It is doubtful whether the reasons for this imbalance should be sought in a greater need for clarification of questions concerning Rembrandt than the other artists. Commercial motivation on the part of book publishers, the availability of drawings and etchings for exhibitions (Bruegel does not travel well), and the sense of duty of Dutch art historians to pay homage to the nation's greatest artist may all have contributed to this flood of publications. The results are surprisingly refreshing. Although the changes in the interpretation of the past do not follow the cycle of commemorative events, the latter apparently encouraged those who had something to say to formulate their thoughts. The year 1969 has contributed some fundamental and numerous minor changes to our concept of Rembrandt. I will discuss the changes effected by publications that appeared in 1969 in the following categories: (I) Exhibitions; (2) The artist's life; (3) The definition of his oeuvre (in the sense of the extent of paintings, etchings, and drawings, as well as of formal derivations and dating of individual works); (4) Iconography; (5) Rembrandt and the art of his contemporaries; (6) Monographs; (7) Finally, I should like to formulate some desiderata.
Anthropological Demography: Toward a New Synthesis

Anthropological Demography: Toward. New Synthesis. David I. Kertzer and Tom Fricke. eds. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997. ix. 294 pp., contributors, index.
The Neural Basis of Naming Impairments in Alzheimer’s Disease Revealed Through Positron Emission Tomography

The naming impairments in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been attributed to a variety of cognitive processing deficits, including impairments in semantic memory, visual perception, and lexical access. To further understand the underlying biological basis of the naming failures in AD, the present investigation examined the relationship of various classes of naming errors to regional brain measures of cerebral glucose metabolism as measured with 18 F-Fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET). Errors committed on a visual naming test were categorized according to a cognitive processing schema and then examined in relationship to metabolism within specific brain regions. The results revealed an association of semantic errors with glucose metabolism in the frontal and temporal regions. Language access errors, such as circumlocutions, and word blocking nonresponses were associated with decreased metabolism in areas within the left hemisphere. Visuoperceptive errors were related to right inferior parietal metabolic function. The findings suggest that specific brain areas mediate the perceptual, semantic, and lexical processing demands of visual naming and that visual naming problems in dementia are related to dysfunction in specific neural circuits.
Cadmium uptake by the crayfish, Orconectes propinquus propinquus (Girard).

Abstract Orconectes propinquus was exposed to 10, 100, and 1000 ppb Cd(Cl2) containing 0.09 μCi/liter 109 Cd(Cl2) for 1.5, 4.5, 10.5, 22.5, 46.5, 94.5, and 190.5 hours. At 10 ppb, total Cd uptakes between 1.5 and 94.5 hours were not significantly different. By 190.5 hours, the organisms had accumulated a mean concentration of 18.4 ppm Cd, which was significantly higher than the concentrations accumulated at earlier times. At 100 ppb, Cd uptake at 1.5 hours was significantly less (P
News Media's Role in the Issue-Voting Process: News Attention, Issue Proximity, and Vote Choice

Synthesizing research documenting the effects of news use on learning and evaluation of policy issues, this study explores the role of news media in the issue-voting process, which involves cogniti...
Management of Meningeal Neoplasms: Meningiomas and Hemangiopericytomas

Meningiomas are the most frequently diagnosed primary brain tumor accounting for nearly one third of all primary brain and central nervous system tumors reported in the United States. According to the 2007 World Health Organization classification scheme, Grade I meningiomas are benign, Grade II defines atypical lesions, while Grade III meningiomas are anaplastic or frankly malignant tumors. Not surprisingly, Grade II and III meningiomas usually follow a more aggressive course and confer a worse prognosis. The diagnosis of meningioma is confirmed by pathologic examination and improvements in imaging help to better define when observation versus intervention is appropriate. Surgical resection, when possible, is the mainstay of treatment. When complete resection is not possible, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) can result in disease stabilization. Chemotherapy has yet to result in reproducible long-term disease free or overall survival benefits. Biologic agents remain under investigation. Hemangiopericytomas are rare dural based sarcomas. These tumors are known for their aggressiveness, high recurrence rates and their proclivity to metastasize to extracranial locations. Gross total resection when feasible remains the treatment of choice.
Solid phase microextraction-gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of nitrous oxide evolution to measure denitrification in estuarine soils and sediments

A SPME-GC-MS method was developed to quantify nitrous oxide (N(2)O) to evaluate denitrification rates. There is a need for this sensitive and definitive N(2)O detection method to accurately measure the soil and sediment ability to convert anthropogenic mineral nitrogen loads to N(2) through denitrification hence decreasing estuarine waterway pollution loading. This method is applied to measure denitrification, which is a major pathway for inorganic nitrogen removal, by incorporating the acetylene (C(2)H(2)) block method on anaerobic assays. Currently, denitrification is largely measured using GCs fitted with TCD or ECD detectors. With a mean R(2) value of 0.996, the calibration curve spanned over three orders of magnitude (4.1-2030 nM) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 4.1 nM N(2)O (18 ppb) and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 16 nM N(2)O (72 ppb). This detection method was valid with less than 15% relative standard deviation (RSD) and error for middle and high quality control (QC) points and less than 20% for low QC points on three experimental days. Measuring N(2)O using SPME-GC-MS technology allows for confidence in identification, high sensitivity, reproducibility, and short run times.
Bilateral pulmonary arterial banding results in an increased need for subsequent pulmonary artery interventions.

Objective Despite increasing use of bilateral branch pulmonary artery banding (bPAB), both as a temporary stabilizing treatment and as part of comprehensive hybrid management of hypoplastic left heart syndrome, little is known about the long-term outcomes of the pulmonary arteries (PAs) in banded patients. Patients and Methods We conducted a retrospective review of all patients with ductal-dependent systemic circulation (2001-2013) undergoing bPAB placement at a single institution (bPAB, n = 50); patients who underwent a stage I Norwood procedure (Norwood, n = 53) were used for comparison. The need for PA interventions (surgical arterioplasty, balloon angioplasty, and stent implantation) and PA growth were assessed. Results Bands were in place for a median of 76 days. PA growth and size were similar between groups, but bPAB patients required more interventions (1.4 ± 2.9 vs 0.5 ± 1.2, P = .01). In competing risks analysis, only 20% of bPAB patients were alive and free from intervention at 5 years after bPAB removal. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression of operative interventions within the bPAB group demonstrated the following risk factors: subsequent 2-ventricle repairs (hazard ratio [HR], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7-6.7), smallest band diameter (HR per additional millimeter, 0.059; 95% CI, 0.004-0.849), and duration of band placement more than 90 days (HR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.0-12.6). Hemodynamics and Fontan candidacy did not differ between groups. Conclusions Patients with bPAB require additional interventions at earlier time points than Norwood patients. Patients with smaller bands and longer duration of banding are at high risk. Despite stenoses requiring additional interventions, Fontan candidacy is maintained.
Re-entrainment of food intake of mature and old rats to the light-dark cycle

Are there age-related decrements in the re-entrainment of food intake of rats following an inversion of the light-dark cycle? An experiment using 17 male rats was carried out according to a 2 by 2 by 7 design, with repeated measures on the last two factors, representing age of rat (220 and 785 days), time of day (0600-1800 h vs. 1800-0600 h), and daysets (0-6). The primary dependent variable was grams of food eaten during each 12-h period. The results indicate that prior to the light reversal the older rats ate more during the light phase of the light-dark cycle than the younger rats, but did not differ from them during the dark phase; and that the older rats entrained their food intake at a slower absolute rate than the younger rats, but at an equal relative rate. These results suggest that senescent rats are as adaptable to changes in their environment as mature rats.
Optimal control of selective vibrational excitation of harmonic molecules: Analytic solution and restricted forms for the optimal fields

Analytic solutions of the optimal fields giving selective local excitation in harmonic molecules are presented, and calculated by a numerically stable algorithm. It is shown that the optimal fields can be decomposed into a finite number of monochromatic laser fields, with the following properties: (a) the number of component frequencies is equal to the number of normal modes of the molecule; (b) the component frequencies go to the molecular vibrational normal mode frequencies in the limit of low amplitude; (c) there is an inverse relationship between the amplitude of the fields (as controlled by the weighting factor for the field fluence term) and the time T at which the objective is reached; (d) there exists a limiting form for the optimal fields as the controlling time T→∞ (which had been observed empirically in previous work and now has a regorous mathematical basis). The intensity of the component laser fields, and thus the optimal field can be reduced to any desired level with a corresponding lengthening of the pulses. Thus by varying the design criteria one may determine a corresponding entire family of optimal fields with each member equivalently leading to the desired final local excitations. The optimization procedure clearly illustrates the trade off between optimal pulse length and amplitude. In order to try and achieve the control objectives with consideration of laboratory constraints on the laser fields a formalism is presented for designing the optimal fields with constrained functional forms. An illustration based on linear chain molecules shows that the objectives may be quite well achieved by using realistically constrained optimized fields.
1H, 15N, and 13C chemical shift assignments of calcium-bound calcium-binding protein 1 (CaBP1).

Calcium-binding protein 1 (CaBP1) regulates inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (InsP3Rs) and a variety of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in the brain. We report complete NMR chemical shift assignments of Ca2+-bound CaBP1 (residues 1–167, BMRB no. 15623).
A post-Pathfinder evaluation of areocentric solar coordinates with improved timing recipes for Mars seasonal/diurnal climate studies

The accurate determination of the Mars pole vector derived from Pathfinder and Viking Lander radio data, together with the VSOP87 representation of planetary orbits, have been applied to a new evaluation of the right ascension of the "fictitious mean sun" (FMS) at Mars. With DELTA t (sub J2000) the elapsed time in days from the J2000 epoch (J.D.2451545.0 (sup TT), alpha FMS = 270 degrees.3863 + 0.52403840(degrees/d) (raised dot) DELTA T (sub j2000) - 4 x 10 (exp -13) (degrees/d (sup 2)) (raised dot) DELTA t (sup 2) (sub J2000) represents a best least-squares quadratic fit of the FMS, including aberration, to each instance of the four equinox and solstice passages for each of 134 Mars orbits spanning the calendar years 1874-2127. The implied tropical orbit period for Mars, 686.9726 (sup d), closely agrees with the recent evaluations. Together with the Pathfinder radio determination of the Mars sidereal rotation, the derived FMS rate corresponds to a mean solar day (or "sol") of 1.027491251 (sup d). The new FMS determination would serve to define the Mean Solar Time at Mars to the nearest tenth-second, according to historical conventions originally established for terrestrial time keeping, once the Mars prime meridian defined by the crater Airy-O is navigated to the same accuracy. For convenient reference to current epochs, 2000 Jan 06 00:00 UTC (= MJD 51549.000 (sup UTC)) corresponds to a coincidence of (alpha (sub FMS)) and the rotation angle of the crater Airy-O measured with respect to the Mars equinox (i.e. "mean solar midnight" on the planet's prime meridian), to within the current uncertainty of several seconds in the locational definition of the planet's cartographic grid. As a further result of the analysis, the consistently derived Mars obliquity of date is epsilon = 25 degrees.192 + 3.45 x l0 (exp -7)(degrees/d)(raised dot) DELTA t (sub J2000). An improved analytic recipe for the calculation of the solar areocentric longitude (L (sub s)) of Mars to an accuracy of 0 degrees.01 is also provided, accounting for the primary perturbations of Earth, Jupiter, and Venus, which may in turn be applied to an efficient evaluation of Mars local true solar time (LTST) to within the uncertainty of the inertial position of the Mars prime meridian. For specific applications to the data archives for landed Mars spacecraft, simple conversion formulae are given for the determination of the Viking "Local Lander Time" and the Pathfinder "Local True Solar Time" in terms of the terrestrial calendar date and UTC.
Social Problems–Alcohol and Marijuana

(1972). Social Problems–Alcohol and Marijuana. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs: Vol. 5, Drug Abuse 1972, pp. 49-55.
Numerical solution of an inverse obstacle scattering problem with near-field data

Consider the scattering of an arbitrary time-harmonic incident wave by a sound soft obstacle. In this paper, a novel method is presented for solving the inverse obstacle scattering problem of the two-dimensional Helmholtz equation, which is to reconstruct the obstacle surface by using the near-field data. The obstacle is assumed to be a small and smooth perturbation of a disc. The method uses the transformed field expansion to reduce the boundary value problem into a successive sequence of one-dimensional problems which are solved in closed forms. By dropping the higher order terms in the power series expansion and truncating the infinite linear system for the first order term, the inverse problem is linearized and an approximate but explicit formula is obtained between the Fourier coefficients of the solution and data. A nonlinear correction algorithm is introduced to improve the accuracy of the reconstructions for large deformations. Numerical examples show that the method is simple, efficient, and stable to reconstruct the obstacle with subwavelength resolution.
Placental CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 expression in human placental tissue and their association with maternal and neonatal calcitropic hormones.

Context: Placental CYP27B1 may contribute to circulating maternal calcitriol concentrations across gestation, but determinants of CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 expression in term human placental tissue are not well established. Objective: We hypothesized that higher CYP27B1 protein expression would be associated with increased maternal calcitriol during gestation and that CYP27B1 expression would be impacted by substrate availability. Design: This was a prospective, longitudinal study. Setting: The study was completed in an urban, prenatal clinic located in Rochester, New York. Patients: The study was undertaken in a cohort of 70 pregnant adolescents (≤18 y of age) and their term neonates. Intervention: There was no intervention. Main Outcomes: Protein and mRNA expressions of CYP27B1, CYP24A1, and vitamin D receptor were measured in term placental tissue and related to 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, PTH, serum total calcium, IL-6, leptin, and osteoprotegerin measured in maternal serum at mi...
Aluminophosphate-based, microporous materials for blood clotting

Abstract Water absorption and mouse blood clotting experiments show that aluminophosphate molecular sieve VPI-5 containing Ca 2+ ions can clot blood like the zeolite-containing QuikClot, but with 50% less heat release. These data suggest that Ca 2+ containing microporous aluminophosphates may be useful as inexpensive human blood clotting agents.
Testing metal micro-electrodes.

Abstract Description of a simple and reliable procedure for testing the recording capabilities of metal micro-electrodes.
Cytomegalovirus and Human Herpesvirus 6, but Not Human Papillomavirus, Are Present in Neonatal Giant Cell Hepatitis and Extrahepatic Biliary Atresia:

The purpose of our study was to confirm reports of an association of human papillomavirus (HPV) with neonatal giant cell hepatitis (GCH) and biliary atresia (BA), and to expand these studies to include cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6), and parvovirus B19 (PVB19). Frozen hepatic tissue was available for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis in 19 cases of GCH or BA and 8 controls. Nested PCR to detect HPV types 6, 16, 18, and 33 was followed by 32P hybridization with generic probes. PCR followed by hybridization with a digoxigenin-labeled probe was used for all other viruses. HPV, EBV, and PVB19 were not detected in cases or controls. Two cases of GCH and 1 case of BA were PCR positive for CMV; controls were negative. HHV6 was detected in 6 cases: 2 GCH, 2 BA, and 2 controls. We conclude that HPV is not associated with GCH or BA. Detection of CMV in BA and GCH confirms other reports of this association. HHV6 requires further study to determine the significance of a positive PCR test in the livers of infants.