cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correlates of DSM-III personality disorder in panic disorder and agoraphobia.

One hundred eighty-seven patients meeting DSM-III criteria for panic disorder (n = 26) or agoraphobia with panic (n = 161) were assessed with the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ), a self-rating scale designed to assess Axis II personality disorders and traits. Results replicated our earlier findings of a preponderance of dependent, avoidant, and histrionic features and the finding that patients exhibiting a greater number of personality traits were also significantly more symptomatic. Patients with the diagnosis of panic disorder did not differ on any personality disorder variables from patients with the diagnosis of agoraphobia with panic. Furthermore, none of the specific symptom dimensions, i.e., panic, anxiety, or agoraphobia, was selected as a unique predictor of any personality variables in the regression analyses. Rather, the most important correlates of personality disorder in these patients consisted of general factors such as dysphoric mood, social phobia, or interpersonal sensitivity, and Eysenck's neuroticism dimension. The results are discussed in light of recent findings suggesting a nonspecific link between panic disorder or agoraphobia and personality disorder.
Properties of sputter deposited Ni-base superalloys for microelectromechanical systems

Abstract Nickel-base superalloy 718 films have been sputter deposited to thicknesses of 20 μm. These as-deposited films were single-phase nanocrystalline solid solutions, which possessed tensile strengths of 1 GPa but negligible ductility. Standard 718 aging heat treatments resulted in modest grain growth, atypical precipitation behavior, significant ductility, and impressive strengths at both ambient (2 GPa at 25 °C) and elevated (750 MPa at 700 °C) temperatures. The density of grain boundaries was shown to have a dramatic effect on the precipitation pathways of this alloy.
Aperture determination for a multiple-magnet momentum spectrometer- telescope

Abstract The differential aperture has been calculated for a three-magnet momentum spectrometer-telescope which was designed for making absolute muon intensity measurements at all zenith angles from the vertical direction to the horizontal. Approximately one meter of solid iron is distributed over a distance of 1.8 meters. It is shown that the differential aperture as a function of the zenith angle depends strongly on the angle of tilt of the spectrometer-telescope axis and varies significantly with momentum. For comparison with other systems, the aperture obtained by using the A2/l2 approximation is 194 cm2 sr.
Unitary structure in representations of infinite-dimensional groups and a convexity theorem

In this paper, we show that a Kac-Moody algebra fl(A) associated to a symmetrizable generalized Cartan matrix A carries a contravariant Hermitian form which is positive-definite on all root spaces. We deduce that every integrable highest weight g(A)-module L(A) carries a contravariant positivedefinite Hermitian form. This allows us to define the moment map and prove a generalization of the Schur-Horn-Kosta nt-Heckman-Atiya h-Pressley convexity theorem. The proofs are based on an identity which also gives estimates for the action of 9(A) on fl(A) and L(A). We hope that the main idea behind the paper is apparent: it is to use the interplay between the coadjoint and the highest weight representations. We are grateful to V. Guillemin for an introduction to the moment map.
Wavelength-stabilized laser diode injection-seeding of an alexandrite laser for airborne water vapor DIAL measurements

Development of a wavelength-stabilized laser diode injection-seeded alexandrite laser for differential absorption lidar (DIAL) measurements of atmospheric water vapor in the 727 nm region is described.
Novel local symmetries and chiral-symmetry-broken phases in S=(1/2 triangular-lattice Heisenberg model.

Using a nonmean-field approach the triangular-lattice S = 1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor couplings is shown undergo an Ising-type phase transition into a chiral-symmetry-broken phase (Kalmeyer-Laughlin-like state) at small T. Removal of next-nearest-neighbor coupling introduces a local Z2 symmetry, thereby suppressing any finite-T chiral order.
Opto-acoustic detection of thermally induced microcracking in Al/cfrp joints

Abstract An opto-acoustic technique based on Michelson interferometry provides real-time measurement of moisture, thermal, applied load and/or microcracking induced dimensional changes. Advantages over conventional acoustic emission include elimination of piezoelectric transducers and reduced signal attenuation. A carbon fibre-reinforced plastic ( cfrp ) tube with adhesively bonded aluminium end fittings was thermally cycled to low temperatures. The onset temperatures for microcracking agreed with predictions based on laminate theory for the tube alone and a finite element model of the combined tube/end fitting. Adhesive disbonds were verified by ultrasonic inspection. Application to the design of thermally stable composite joints is discussed.
Preparing Students for Global Citizenship in the Twenty-First Century: Integrating Social Justice through Global Literature

In our complex, interdependent world, it is critical that educators prepare students for global citizenship. One way to develop students’ awareness and understanding of the world is through global literature. Through exposure to this type of literature, students gain multiple perspectives and learn about the social, political, and moral conditions under which people around the world live. They also develop respect and understanding of socially and politically oppressed peoples and learn why it is important to promote social justice. The authors discuss global literature for elementary students and describe an example of a lesson taught in a third-grade classroom using these books. Finally, the authors share the outcomes of the lesson based on their observations and analysis of the students’ oral responses and written reflections.
(2S,6S)-1-Methyl-2,6-trans-distyryl-piperidinium chloride.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C22H26N+·Cl−, the piperidine ring is in a chair conformation and the two styryl groups are in axial and equatorial positions. The mol­ecule has a hydrogen bond between the NH group and the chloride anion.
Biogeographical theory and cultural analogies

Abstract This article is intended as a warning against giving biogeographical models more respect than they deserve. Few academics are primarily concerned with biotic distributions. Many taxonomists and ecologists have geographical interests, but they must cope with hundreds of thousands of species. Most biogeographers are too absorbed in field exploration to have much time for general theory. The separate scholarly traditions of museum and mathematical biogeography each have sets of concepts having little connection with concepts used in field biogeography. Moreover, some schools of thought are in the primitive state of confusing a priori assumptions with tested theory and of accepting deductive explanations without investigating the processes involved. An increasing emphasis on ecology, however, is enabling field biogeographers, like modern archaeologists, to elucidate evolutionary and migrational processes by working on middle‐scale studies of areas and time spans that contain enough biotic and habitat...
Factors Affecting Foraging Patterns of Juvenile Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) in Vegetated Habitats of a Wisconsin Lake

We collected behavioral data of juvenile bluegill in vegetated habitats with underwater videography in a Wisconsin lake to gain a better understanding of how juvenile bluegill foraging patterns are...
Maternal-effect selfish genes in flour beetles

A previously unknown class of dominant, maternal-effect lethal M factors was found to be widespread in natural populations of the flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, collected on several continents. Such factors are integrated into the host chromosomes at variable locations and show the remarkable property of self-selection by maternal-effect lethality to all hatchlings that do not inherit a copy of the factor itself. Offspring are rescued by either paternally or maternally inherited copies. The M-bearing chromosome is thereby perpetuated at the expense of its non-M homolog. M factors that map to different regions of the genome do not rescue one another's maternal-effect lethality. Factors expressing these properties are predicted to spread in a population, even in the absence of any additional selective advantage. Similar factors also occur in the related species T. confusum.
Decline of life’s energy theory of ageing 1. Revitalisation of energy metabolism and ageing mitochondria

This article discusses the decline in mitochondrial energy production capability that occurs as animals age. Correlation is made between age-related mitochondrial functionality decline, lower growth hormone (GH) secretion and declining mitochondrial component levels and the chronic wasting conditions that arise as a consequence. During the past few years a number of patents have been issued that have utilised compositions containing the nutraceuticals carnitine, acetyl carnitine and their derivatives to therapeutically treat problems of energy metabolism. The administration of carnitine derivatives will improve the quality of living during the period of life when the body’s energy declines. The significance of the patented therapeutic use of carnitine derivatives to re-establish mitochondrial functionality and its relationship to the ageing process are reviewed.
Home matters: work and household predictors of smoking and cessation among blue-collar workers.

Objective This study examined the joint influence of work- and household-related variables on smoking behavior among a population representative sample of blue-collar workers with live-in partners.
Non-linear stress-strain equations for incompressible elastic media

Abstract Non-linear stress-strain equations for incompressible hyperelastic media are developed. The equations are developed for both the undeformed (material) and deformed (spatial) continum states. The development of the equations follows a geometrical method suggested by Stojanovitch in 1960. The equations are shown to be consistent with equations developed by following the classical method of non-linear elasticity. The equations are approximate to the second order in the strain tensor. They contain only a single elastic constant (the shear modulus) and a hydrostatic pressure.
Nine-year single center experience with cervical mediastinoscopy: complications and false negative rate.

Background Mediastinoscopy is a valuable tool for evaluating mediastinal pathology and is essential for establishing treatment strategies in most patients with lung cancer. We sought to determine the complication and false negative rate for mediastinoscopy in an institution that routinely performs this procedure. Methods We performed a retrospective review of 2,145 consecutive mediastinoscopies at a single institution between April 1996 and April 2005. Demographics and complications were analyzed. In patients with lung cancer who underwent subsequent resection, the false negative rate was calculated. Results Mean patient age was 61 ± 0.4 years, and 58% (n = 1,253) were male. Pathology included lung cancer (n = 1,459), metastatic disease (n = 78), lymphoma (n = 51), and other benign disease (n = 557). Twenty-three patients (1.07%) experienced complications including hemorrhage (n = 7, 0.33%), vocal cord dysfunction (n = 12, 0.55%), tracheal injury (n = 2, 0.09%), and pneumothorax (n = 2, 0.09%). There was 1 death (0.05%) after pulmonary artery injury. Five of the 7 vascular injuries occurred during biopsy of level 4R. Three hundred and forty-three patients (23.5%) with lung cancer had positive mediastinoscopies. The false negative rate was 56 of 1,019 (5.5%) among lung cancer patients undergoing resection. Thirty-two (57%) of the false negatives were due to metastatic disease in lymph nodes not normally biopsied during cervical mediastinoscopy (levels 5, 6, 8, or 9). Conclusions Although invasive, mediastinoscopy identified locally advanced disease in a significant percentage of this lung cancer population and was associated with a low false negative rate. Complications after mediastinoscopy were uncommon. These results support the continued routine use of mediastinoscopy.
The purification of a soluble cytochrome from pig kidney with spectral properties similar to those of microsomal cytochrome b5.

Abstract A soluble cytochrome has been partially purified from pig kidney. The absorption spectra of this cytochrome in both the oxidized and reduced state resembles microsomal cytochrome b5. However, this cytochrome is present in crude homogenates in a soluble form and, therefore, the purification scheme does not involve the use of proteases, lipase or detergents.
Postnatal synaptic development of the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius (NTS) of the rat

Presynaptic boutons of the dorsomedial region of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) were studied during the first 30 days of postnatal development of the rat. Electron micrographs were analyzed by conventional and stereological techniques to determine the area and volumetric density and fraction, and the number per linear length on both the dendrites and cell bodies. The numerical density and volumetric fraction of boutons in the NTS increased rapidly within the first 10 postnatal days. The number of boutons per area and volume remained stable between 10 and 30 days. Twice as many boutons synapsed on the larger dendrites than the cell bodies during the first 10 days, and then increased to 4 times the number of synapses per linear length on the cell body after the tenth postnatal day. The rapid synaptic development and shift in shift in sites of synaptic contact on neurons of the NTS suggest synaptic contacts rapidly change during early postnatal development.
Effects of simulated acid rain on growth parameters and yield components of two soybean cultivars

SUMMARY The effects of simulated acid rain on two soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivars were studied in field experiments in central Illinois. The cultivars,‘Amsoy 71’and‘Williams 82′, were shielded from ambient precipitation and treated twice weekly with applications of 1.05 cm of one of six simulated rain treatments which ranged in pH from 5.6 to 3.0. Each treatment was replicated 12 times in 1983, nine times in 1984, and six times in 1985. Measurements were taken for plant height, chaff dry weight, plant population, lodging, pods/plant, seeds/plant, seeds/pod, mass/seed, and number of low pods. There were small but significant (α= 0.10) effects of treatment acidity in some years for some of the parameters measured. For Amsoy 71, in one of three years, seeds/plant, seeds/pod, and chaff dry weight were reduced by increasing acidity of the simulated rain. In general, Amsoy 71 plants subjected to the more acidic treatments were shorter and had lower lodging in the second and third years of the experiments. For Amsoy 71 there were no significant linear contrasts for the effect of simulated acid rain on plants/ha, mass/seed, and protein concentration of the seed. For Williams 82 there was a small but significant trend for increased seed oil with decreasing pH in 1984 only. For this cultivar there were no significant linear contrasts for the effect of simulated acid rain on plants/hectare, plant height, lodging score, chaff dry weight, low pods, pods/plant, seeds/plant, seeds/pod, or mass/seed. Where changes in either cultivar occurred, the magnitude of these changes over the entire pH range studied was generally 6% or less. Not only was the magnitude of the responses minimal, but the response to simulated acid rain was not consistent between cultivars or in some cases within cultivars from year to year. The response to stimulated acid rain was also small when compared with the potential effect of other stresses such as drought, ozone, disease, insects, and weeds on soybean yield and growth parameters.
Fleeting moments: The vanishing acts of phantom women in the performances of dumb type

(2001). Fleeting moments: The vanishing acts of phantom women in the performances of dumb type. Women & Performance: a journal of feminist theory: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 191-206.
Multiple fixed-interval schedules: transient contrast and temporal inhibition

Pigeons were exposed to four cycles per session of a multiple schedule in which each cycle involved twelve 60-sec fixed intervals followed by four 180-sec intervals [(12 FI 60-sec)(4 FI 180-sec) schedule]. Post-reinforcement pauses were shorter during the first few short intervals of each cycle than during later short intervals, and increased over the four long intervals of each cycle (positive and negative transient contrast). A (12 FI 15-sec)(4 FI 45-sec) schedule showed similar results. These two schedules differed in some other respects indicating effects of absolute FI duration on stimulus control. Differences in contrast properties between both these procedures and multiple variable-interval schedules were related to the pause-producing property of reinforcement on FI (temporal inhibition). Behavior under two other multiple fixed-interval schedules—(2 FI 360-sec)(1 FI 720-sec) and (3 FI 360-sec)(1 FI 720-sec)—differed in certain respects from both the (12 FI x-sec)(4 FI 3x-sec) schedules. These differences may be related to differences in the number of successive fixed intervals within a component (run length).
Hemiplegic Syndrome of the Posterior Cerebral Artery

An unusual syndrome is described consisting of right hemiplegia, right hemisensory loss, mild naming disturbance, and severe alexia coupled with normal expressive language and ability to write. The clinical syndrome of alexia without agraphia strongly suggests involvement of the left posterior cerebral artery. A study of the territory of distribution of the posterior cerebral artery would appear to confirm the possibility that occlusion of this vessel could produce the entire symptom picture. Of particular interest was the unusual hemiplegia, involving both limbs and face equally, but with a minimum of spasticity.
Optimizing object queries using an effective calculus

Object-oriented databases (OODBs) provide powerful data abstractions and modeling facilities, but they generally lack a suitable framework for query processing and optimization. The development of an effective query optimizer is one of the key factors for OODB systems to successfully compete with relational systems, as well as to meet the performance requirements of many nontraditional applications. We propose an effective framework with a solid theoretical basis for optimizing OODB query languages. Our calculus, called the monoid comprehension calculus, captures most features of ODMG OQL, and is a good basis for expressing various optimization algorithms concisely. This article concentrates on query unnesting (also known as query decorrelation), an optimization that, even though it improves performance considerably, is not treated properly (if at all) by most OODB systems. Our framework generalizes many unnesting techniques proposed recently in the literature, and is capable of removing any form of query nesting using a very simple and efficient algorithm. The simplicity of our method is due to the use of the monoid comprehension calculus as an intermediate form for OODB queries. The monoid comprehension calculus treats operations over multiple collection types, aggregates, and quantifiers in a similar way, resulting in a uniform method of unnesting queries, regardless of their type of nesting.
Beam-surface scattering studies of the individual and combined effects of VUV radiation and hyperthermal O, O2, or Ar on FEP Teflon surfaces.

Beam-surface scattering experiments were used to probe products that scattered from FEP Teflon surfaces during bombardment by various combinations of atomic and molecular oxygen, Ar atoms, and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light. A laser-breakdown source was used to create hyperthermal (translational energies in the range 4−13 eV) beams of argon and atomic/molecular oxygen. The average incidence energy of these beams was tunable and was controlled precisely with a synchronized chopper wheel. A filtered deuterium lamp provided a source of VUV light in a narrow-wavelength range centered at 161 nm. Volatile products that exited the surfaces were monitored with a rotatable mass spectrometer detector. Hyperthermal O atoms with average translational energies above ∼4 eV may react directly with a pristine FEP Teflon surface, and the reactivity appears to increase with the translational energy of the incident O atoms. VUV light or highly energetic collisions of O2 or Ar may break chemical bonds and lead to the ejectio...
The thermodynamic properties of zirconium ditelluride ZrTe2 to 1500 K

Abstract Low-temperature (5 to 350 K) heat capcity, fluorine combustion, and high-temperature (350 to 1500 K) drop-calorimetric measurements have been performed on a specimen of zirconium ditelluride ZrTe2. Thermodynamic quantities are reported at T = 298.15 K: the standard molar enthalpy of formation, ΔfHmo(T) = −(294.1 ± 6.7) kJ · mol−1; the standard molar heat capacity, Cp, mo(T) = (74.11 ± 0.37) J · K−1 · mol−1; the standard molar entropy, Smo(T) = (124.24 ± 0.63) J · K−1 · mol−1; and the standard molar Gibbs energy of formation, ΔfGmo(T) = −(290.0 ± 6.7) kJ · mol−1, all with po = 101325 Pa. The thermodynamic properties of ZrTe2 have been calculated to 1500 K.
Radiation damages of organic materials at 4 K: an ESR study of polyethylene and related hydrocarbons

Abstract To characterize the radiation damages produced at 4 K in polyethylene and related hydrocarbons, a series of studies have been carried out by using electron spin resonance(ESR) spectroscopy. It has been found that the local concentration of radiation induced paramagnetic species is considerably higher in the irradiation at 4 K than that at 77 K. The causes of this irradiation temperature effect on the spatial distribution of radicals have been extensively studied. It is suggested that the suppression of hydrogen atom migration and the reactivity of hydrogen atoms at 4 K play an important role in the low temperature radiation damages of saturated hydrocarbons. In the present paper the results previously and newly obtained are surveyed and discussed as a whole.
Antisociality and dangerousness in women before and after the women's movement.

Women committing crimes before the surge of feminism (1965–1971) and long after this movement attracted national attention (1980–1985) were sampled. Greater antisociality in female criminals during the prefeminist period was associated with more dangerous crime, but predictability was lost by 1980–1985. It was suggested that rejection of role expectations inspired by feminism may have altered the determinants of dangerous crime in women.
Age-dependent predation is not a simple process. II. Wolves, ungulates, and a discrete time model for predation on juveniles with a stabilizing tail

Abstract A discrete time model for a predator-prey model, where the predator eats only juvenile prey is developed. The model is developed to capture some of the behavior of wolf-ungulate systems. Age-dependent predation is shown to be a stabilizing influence. The behavior of the model depends critically on the age of senescence of the prey—an extremely small number of old prey individuals represent a very powerful stabilizing factor. The model behaves in a similar fashion to, but is less stable than, an age structured Ricker model.
Peanuts and Hemostasis in Hemophilia

"Our patient's response to the medication which you sent us on March 25 was as follows: He began with an acute phase of bleeding on April 3, which was evidenced by nose bleeds, a large hemotoma in the sublingual area of the throat, and pain and swelling in both elbows. He began taking the peanut concentrate on the evening of April 3, with a 10-gram dose. He continued with the medication, 10 grams twice daily, for a total of 5 doses. He experienced complete relief of pain and a cessation of the nose bleeds in about 10 hours after the first dose. The swelling and stiffness in the throat and elbows subsided in about 24 hours after the first dose. "On the evening of May 4, the day we received the second shipment of the concentrate, the patient developed a large hemotoma in the right forearm which extended down to the wrist and produced very severe pain and stiffness in the wrist and hand. He began taking the concentrate in the same dose described previously and again experienced complete relief of the pain and stiffness in about 10 hours after the first dose. The swelling subsided almost completely in thirty-six hours.
Rural and suburban forest edges: effect on egg predators and nest predation rates

Abstract Although the observed declines of many species of Neotropical migratory birds have been linked to losses in the wintering grounds, it is important to examine sources of mortality from all portions of the annual cycle to fully understand migratory bird declines. Forest fragmentation and the creation of new forest edges have been implicated as factors contributing to increased nest predation rates on the breeding grounds. We selected four forests with edges in suburban settings, and four forests with edges in rural settings, to determine if nest predation rates differed with human density. From 1993 to 1994 we used two types of automatic photographic systems and artificial nests baited with quail eggs to measure predation rates on ground- and shrub nests at points 20–420 m from the forest edges. Rural-edged forests experienced significantly higher nest predation rates than did suburban-edged forests. Only three species, blue jay, raccoon, and black bear, were responsible for virtually all of the predation events. While blue jays appeared to be unaffected by forest edge type, there were more bear predations in rural-edged forests and more raccoon predations in suburban-edged forests. There were no significant differences in predation rate between nest types or in species-specific rates of predation on the two nest types. We suggest that future studies of nest predation include the identification of predators to give scientists greater insight into the predation process.
"Pop-out" method of levonorgestrel implant removal.

Abstract The “pop-out” technique is a method of levonorgestrel implant removal that uses digital pressure to direct implants through a small skin incision. This technique was developed, theoretically, to cause less bruising and patient discomfort by avoiding the use of instruments. The pop-out technique is the primary method used for levonorgestrel implant removal in the Magee-Womens Hospital resident clinic. We performed a retrospective analysis of levonorgestrel implant removals performed between July 1, 1995, and December 31, 1998. Of the 168 removals included in this analysis, 38 were performed by one of two attending physicians, and 130 were performed by the residents with attending supervision. The average time for removal was 12 ± 5 min (range 2.25–27 min) when the “pop-out” method could be used to remove all six implants, and 14 ± 7 min (range 2.25–59 min) for all removals. The removal time for residents was inversely proportional to the anticipated level of difficulty of the removal and to the number of previous removals performed. The removal time was significantly faster when residents were supervised by one of the attending physicians as compared with the other attending physician. Only 0.7% (7/1,008) of levonorgestrel implants were fragmented during removal. This review shows that the “pop-out” method is a reasonable alternative to other proposed methods of primary implant removal. The difference in the level of expertise of the attending physician may significantly influence removal time when training clinicians in levonorgestrel implant removal.
Constituent models for quarks and leptons

Abstract Constituent models predicting several families of quarks and leptons are presented. They satisfy 't Hooft's anomaly conditions and a “principle of exclusion” introduced here. Some mechanisms for breaking GSW symmetry and generating masses for quarks and leptons consistent with the GIM mechanism are also given.
Localization of AU-rich element-containing mRNA in cytoplasmic granules containing exosome subunits.

Eukaryotic mRNAs can be degraded in either decapping/5′-to-3′ or 3′-to-5′ direction after deadenylation. In yeast and mammalian cells, decay factors involved in the 5′-to-3′ decay pathway are concentrated in cytoplasmic processing bodies (P bodies). The mechanistic steps and localization of mammalian mRNA decay are still not completely understood. Here, we investigate functions of human mRNA decay enzymes in AU-rich element (ARE)-mediated mRNA decay (AMD) and find that the deadenylase, poly(A) ribonuclease PARN, and enzymes involved in the 5′-to-3′ and 3′-to-5′ decay pathways are required for AMD. The ARE-containing reporter mRNA accumulates in discrete cytoplasmic granular structures, which are distinct from P bodies and stress granules. These granules consist of poly(A)-specific ribonuclease, exosome subunits, and decay-promoting ARE-binding proteins. Inhibition of AMD increases accumulation of ARE-mRNA in these granules. We refer to these structures as cytoplasmic exosome granules and suggest that some AMD may occur in these granules.
Field calibration of a microhole potentiostatic oxygen sensor for oceanic CTDs

Abstract A new type of oxygen sensor for use on oceanic profiling CTDs has a response time that ranges from 0.4 to 0.7 s, depending on temperature. This oxygen (O2) sensor was calibrated in the field against O2 concentrations that were determined from Winkler titrations of Niskin-bottle water samples. Calibration coefficients were obtained from single casts and composite casts. When casts were calibrated separately, the mean error in predicting O2 concentrations was 1.22 ± 0.72 µM O2, n = 19 casts, and was not significantly different from the error between Niskin-bottle samples, which was 1.01 ± 2.33 µm O2, n = 33 triplicate or duplicate bottles. When casts wore combined into a composite cast for an entire cruise, however, the mean error in the calibrations increased to 5.03 ± 4.06 µm O2, n = 19 casts. These results also indicate that only three Niskin bottles on a cast are required to obtain an error of 1.0 µm in predicted oxygen. For routine use, we recommend calibrating each cast separately using eithe...
Topographic organization of the striatal and thalamic connections of rat medial agranular cortex

The rostral and caudal portions of rat medial agranular cortex (AGm) play different functional roles. To refine the anatomical framework for understanding these differences, axonal tracers were used to map the topography of the connections of AGm with the striatum and thalamus. The striatal projections follow mediolateral and rostrocaudal gradients that correspond to the locations of the neurons of origin within AGm. Projections from rostral AGm are widespread and dense rostrally, then coalesce into a circumscribed dorsocentral region at the level of the pre-commissural septal nuclei. Projections from mid and caudal AGm are less widespread and less dense, and are focused more caudally. Striatal projections from the adjacent anterior cingulate and lateral agranular areas overlap those of AGm but are concentrated more medially and laterally, respectively. Thalamic connections of AGm are organized so that more caudal portions of AGm have connections with progressively more lateral and caudal regions of the thalamus, and the full extent of AGm is connected with the ventrolateral (VL) nucleus. Rostral AGm is interconnected with the lateral portion of the mediodorsal nucleus (MD1), VL, and the central lateral (CL), paracentral (PC), central medial, rhomboid and ventromedial nuclei. Caudal AGm has robust connections with VL, the posterior, lateral posterior and lateral dorsal nuclei, but little or none with MD1, CL/PC and VM. These differences in the subcortical connections of rostral and caudal AGm parallel their known differences in corticocortical connections, and represent another basis for experimental explorations of the functional roles of these cortical territories.
Gonadotropin-secreting pituitary tumor associated with hypersecretion of testosterone and hypogonadism after hypophysectomy.

OBJECTIVE To review gonadotropin-secreting pituitary tumors and report the rare case of one of these tumors that caused high serum testosterone concentrations, followed by hypogonadism after hypophysectomy. METHODS A case report is presented of a 61-year-old man who had decreased vision in his left eye, found by computed tomography of the sella to be attributable to a soft tissue pituitary mass with upward extension that caused elevation and deviation of the optic chiasm. Endocrine and pathologic evaluations are presented, and the treatment and follow-up course are discussed. RESULTS Endocrine evaluation revealed a serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) of 72.48 mIU/mL, luteinizing hormone (LH) of 31.65 mIU/mL, prolactin of 26.42 ng/mL, and total testosterone of 15.24 ng/mL (all values higher than the normal ranges). A soft tissue mass (3.2 by 2.5 by 1.2 cm) with negative immunocytochemical staining for prolactin and growth hormone but positive staining for synaptophysin, FSH, and LH was removed. One month postoperatively, the patient's chief complaints were a decrease in penile size and erectile dysfunction. Endocrine evaluation revealed a decreased LH of <0.3 mIU/mL, total testosterone of <0.2 ng/mL, and FSH of 4.3 mIU/mL. Three months later with testosterone replacement therapy, testosterone levels normalized, LH was <0.3 mIU/mL, and FSH was 3.9 mIU/mL. Thyroid function and adrenal function were normal before and after surgical intervention. CONCLUSION This rare case indicates that gonadotropin tumors can produce a functional LH that can increase serum testosterone levels.
Super-transferred hyperfine interactions at diamagnetic ions in ferrimagnetic insulators☆

Abstract Large magnetic fields at antimony nuclei octahedrally surrounded by oxygen in ferrimagnetic spinels have been measured. These results are similar to those found earlier for tin in garnets. In order to explain these fields as resulting mainly from spin polarization of the outer 5s electrons of these ions, the magnitude of this polarization must be rather large.
Using Convex Relaxations for Efficiently and Privately Releasing Marginals

Differential privacy is a definition giving a strong privacy guarantee even in the presence of auxiliary information. In this work we pursue the application of geometric techniques for achieving differential privacy, a highly promising line of work initiated by Hardt and Talwar [26], focusing on the problem of marginal release. Here, a database is a collection of the data of n individuals, each characterized by d binary attributes. A k-way marginal query is specified by a subset S of k attributes, together with a |S|-dimensional binary vector β specifying their values. The true answer to this query is a count of the number of people in the database whose attribute vector restricted to S agrees with β. Information theoretically, the error complexity of marginal queries -- how "wrong" do the answers have to be in order to preserve differential privacy -- is well-understood: the perquery additive error is known to be at least Ω(min{√n,dk/2}) and at most O(√nd1/4,dk/2). However, no polynomial time algorithm with error complexity as low as the information theoretic upper bound is known for small n. We present a polynomial time algorithm that matches the best known information-theoretic bounds when k = 2; more generally, by reducing to the case k = 2, for any distribution on marginal queries, our algorithm achieves average error at most O(√nd[k/2]/4), an improvement over previous work on when k is small and when error o(n) is desirable. Using private boosting we are also able to give nearly matching worst-case error bounds. Our algorithms are based on the geometric techniques of Nikolov, Talwar, and Zhang [29], wherein a vector of "sufficiently noisy" answers is projected onto a particular convex body. We reduce projection, which is expensive, to a simple geometric question: given (a succinct representation of) a convex body K, find a containing convex body L that one can efficiently optimize over, while keeping the Gaussian width of L small. This reduction is achieved by a careful use of the Frank-Wolfe algorithm.
Graduate Research Training Internships in Social Psychology

Several models facilitating the training of quality researchers for other than academic career environments are discussed. Advantages, concerns and procedures of an off-site graduate research internship program are considered.
Un modelo de crecimiento económico, instituciones, integración económica e inversión extranjera directa de México con los Estados Unidos

Mexico y Estados Unidos son mas que vecinos, son socios comerciales con economias sumamente integradas. En la ultima decada el comercio entre ambos paises casi se ha triplicado llegando a ser cercano a los 230,000 millones de dolares a principios de 2004. Actualmente, Mexico es el segundo socio comercial mas importante de Estados Unidos y este es el socio comercial mas importante de Mexico. El estudio se enfoca en el crecimiento economico regional y como es afectado por la Inversion Extranjera Directa (IED), el comercio y apertura comercial de Estados Unidos y Mexico, y el efecto de la frontera norte. Finalmente, se muestra que Mexico y Estados Unidos tienen una relacion economica de integracion de largo plazo al considerar el producto de las dos naciones.
Fast GPU-based time-of-flight MAP reconstruction with a factored system matrix

We describe the use of relatively low-cost GPU-based processors to implement iterative MAP (Maximum a Posteriori) PET image reconstruction1. The algorithm combines accurate system modeling using a factored matrix approach with a preconditioned conjugate gradient method. We describe the procedures used to parallelize the algorithm including use of data reordering schemes and partitioning of calculations to avoid race conditions. Current speed up compared to a quad core CPU is 6.9 using 1 GPU and 10.9 using 2 GPUs. Comparisons of reconstructed images revealed essentially identical images reconstructed using GPU and CPU-only computation. Preliminary results with geometric projection only for GPU-based TOF MAP reconstruction are also presented. Reconstruction using 11 TOF bins takes approximately twice the time per iteration of non-TOF data with the same geometry but also exhibits substantially faster convergence.
Channelization for Network Coding in Wireless Networks

Network coding is increasingly being investigated as an alternative to routing to increase throughput in packet networks. Like most data transfer schemes, the effectiveness of network coding may be limited by extreme congestion. When using network coding, these congested conditions are mitigated somewhat, but may still occur. We propose a selective channelization scheme in which links that experience congestion at a level that cannot be overcome by network coding are given reserved communication resources. This method has the following benefits. First, the algorithm proposed allows network coding full opportunity to overcome congestion before performing channelization, thus reducing the number of reserved resources used. Second, when triggered, the channelization of severely congested links greatly improves the end-to-end performance of flows that traverse the channelized link. To determine the point at which channelization should be triggered, we perform a thorough analysis of potential coding gains in a network facing errors due to collisions, and determine the point at which network coding loses its effectiveness.
Revisiting the Origins of and Distinctions Between Natural Resource Sociology and Environmental Sociology

A forum focusing on similarities and differences in environmental sociology and the sociology of natural resources is healthy. Attempts to more adequately understand the relationships between social organization and the natural world need to be informed by reviews and critiques of past and current work by resource/environmental social scientists and the array of theoretical frameworks, research designs, and problem-solving capabilities that are represented in the literature. In this article, we provide a perspective on the paths that natural resource sociology and environmental sociology have taken. We draw distinctions based on their origins, conceptual orientations, theoretical perspectives, and problem-solving focuses. Clarifying the differences between natural resource sociology and environmental sociology will not only help in tracing the intellectual foundations for these subfields of inquiry and bring to light lost literature, but also point to areas where synthesis and convergence in these subfiel...
Angioplasty Strategies in ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Part II: Intervention After Fibrinolytic Therapy, Integrated Treatment Recommendations, and Future Directions

As reviewed in part I of this report,1 primary PCI without antecedent fibrinolytic therapy has become widely accepted as the preferred reperfusion modality for patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) presenting at suitably equipped tertiary facilities. However, primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is not offered at ≥50% of US hospitals, and many of those that do are unable to offer primary PCI as an around-the-clock service. Primary PCI also is less widely available in many other countries than in the United States. Thus, fibrinolytic therapy continues to be administered to many patients with STEMI.2,3 Given the relatively low rates of successful reperfusion with fibrinolysis,4,5 revascularization often is required afterward, the indications for and outcomes of which are critically evaluated here. The impact of individual operator and institutional volumes on PCI outcomes is reviewed. Evidence-based recommendations for selecting among the various reperfusion therapy options are then offered for the patients with STEMI presenting at centers with and without interventional capabilities, with distinctions drawn where the evidence-based recommendations in this article differ substantially from recently updated task force guidelines of the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA).5 Finally, recent and ongoing investigations to further improve outcomes after catheter-based reperfusion therapy are summarized. PCI after fibrinolytic therapy in STEMI may be performed in a variety of settings: (1) rescue PCI after failed fibrinolysis in patients with ongoing symptoms, myocardial injury, or persistent coronary occlusion, typically initiated within 60 to 120 minutes after fibrinolytic administration; (2) immediate PCI (also known as facilitated PCI), performed within several hours after fibrinolytic administration, regardless of whether clinical or ECG evidence of ongoing myocardial injury is present; (3) delayed routine PCI, in which patients who are stable for several days after fibrinolytic administration undergo angiography and PCI, regardless of the …
Disturbed erythrocyte calcium homeostasis and adenine nucleotide dysregulation in canine phosphofructokinase deficiency

Muscle-type phosphofructokinase deficiency (PFKD) causes a hemolytic disorder and exertional myopathy in humans and dogs. In humans, PFKD is accompanied by a disturbed calcium homeostasis and associated adenine nucleotide dysregulation, which may potentiate the erythroenzymopathy associated with this inherited disorder. This study shows that canine PFKD also manifests these erythrocyte abnormalities. Compared to normal, healthy red cells, PFK-deficient erythrocytes contain lower concentrations of ATP and higher concentrations of IMP and calcium, the latter as per a calcium indicator dye. Adenosine monophosphate deaminase (AMPD) enriched 5000-fold from canine erythrocytes adsorbs to immobilized calcium–calmodulin and the interaction between these two proteins activates AMPD through a K mapp effect. This behavior is similar to that of the human erythrocyte enzyme and provides a potential contributing mechanism for accelerated adenine nucleotide turnover in canine PFKD. We propose that adenine nucleotide replacement strategies could benefit the erythroenzymopathy in human and canine PFKD and that the dog model of this disorder is an appropriate vehicle for further elucidating this hypothesis.
Physical Activity, Tumor PTGS2 Expression, and Survival in Patients with Colorectal Cancer

Background: Higher levels of physical activity are associated with lower colorectal carcinoma incidence and mortality, perhaps through influencing energy balance, cellular prostaglandin biosynthesis, and systemic inflammation. Although evidence suggests interactive effects of energetics, sedentary lifestyle, and tumor CTNNB1 (β-catenin) or CDKN1B (p27) status on colon cancer prognosis, interactive effects of physical activity and tumor PTGS2 (the official symbol for COX-2) status on clinical outcome remain unknown. Methods: Using molecular pathological epidemiology database of 605 stage I–III colon and rectal cancers in two prospective cohort studies (the Nurse's Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study), we examined patient survival according to postdiagnosis physical activity and tumor PTGS2 status (with 382 PTGS2-positive and 223 PTGS2-negative tumors by immunohistochemistry). Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate colorectal cancer-specific mortality HR, adjusting for clinical and other tumor variables including microsatellite instability status. Results: Among PTGS2-positive cases, compared with the least active first quartile, the multivariate HRs (95% confidence interval) were 0.30 (0.14–0.62) for the second, 0.38 (0.20–0.71) for the third, and 0.18 (0.08–0.41) for the fourth quartile of physical activity level ( P trend = 0.0002). In contrast, among PTGS2-negative cases, physical activity level was not significantly associated with survival ( P trend = 0.84; P interaction = 0.024, between physical activity and tumor PTGS2 status). Conclusions: Postdiagnosis physical activity is associated with better survival among patients with PTGS2-positive tumors but not among patients with PTGS2-negative tumors. Impact: Immunohistochemical PTGS2 expression in colorectal carcinoma may serve as a predictive biomarker in pathology practice, which may predict stronger benefit from exercise. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 1–11. ©2013 AACR .
What Do We Know and We Do Not Know About Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Diabetes

Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in diabetes is generally overlooked in practice, although awareness of its serious consequences is emerging. Challenges in understanding the complex, dynamic changes in the modulation of the sympathetic/parasympathetic systems’ tone and their interactions with physiologic mechanisms regulating the control of heart rate, blood pressure, and other cardiovascular functions in the presence of acute hyper-or-hypoglycemic stress, other stressors or medication, and challenges with sensitive evaluations have contributed to lower CAN visibility compared with other diabetes complications. Yet, CAN is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, due to a high-risk of cardiac arrhythmias, silent myocardial ischemia and sudden death. While striving for aggressive risk factor control in diabetes practice seemed intuitive, recent reports of major clinical trials undermine established thinking concerning glycemic control and cardiovascular risk. This review covers current understanding and gaps in that understanding of the clinical implications of CAN and prevention and treatment of CAN.