cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Glucocorticoid induction of tyrosine aminotransferase in kidney cortex

Abstract It has recently been reported that the glucocorticoid receptors present in kidney occur as two distinct forms which are segregated in the cortex and the medulla. We were interested in determining if glucocorticoid induction of the enzyme tyrosine aminotransferase (L-tyrosine: 2 oxoglutarate aminotransferase, E.C.2.6.1.5) also differed in these two areas of the kidney. Administration of the synthetic glycocorticoid, dexamethasone, resulted in a 2-fold induction of tyrosine aminotransferase in kidney cortex of adrenalectomized rats and no induction of the enzyme in kidney medulla. Examination of this response in rat brain revealed no induction of the enzyme by dexamethasone in this tissue.
Neuroimaging findings of retroclival hemorrhage in children: a diagnostic conundrum

Background Retroclival hemorrhage in children may occur in three compartments, namely epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid, frequently secondary to trauma. Retroclival epidural hematoma may be associated with ligamentous injury, which may further result in instability at the craniocervical junction. Retroclival subdural hematoma may indicate a sentinel event for traumatic injury elsewhere within the brain or posterior fossa. Retroclival subarachnoid hemorrhage may have severe clinical consequences related to vasospasm.
A multiblock/multigrid Euler method to simulate 2D and 3D compressible flow

An efficient and flexible multiblock/multigrid Euler solver is described which uses a cell-centered finite-volume method based on a multigrid implementation of the alternating direction implicit algorithm. The fully conservative treatment of the inter-block boundary allows the passage of discontinuities across block boundaries with minimum distortion of the solution. Information is exchanged between blocks by using surface arrays which contain all the data needed to update the inter-block boundary conditions. The proposed multiblock/multigrid approach is considered to be feasible for solving flow problems involving complex geometries.
On the Maximum Number of Cyclic Triples in Oriented Graphs

The maximum number of cyclic triples in an oriented graph of a given order is well known, being realized by the regular and near-regular tournaments. We consider the corresponding problem of determining the maximum number of cyclic triples in an oriented graph with a given number of arcs. A formula is found provided that the number of vertices is not too small relative to the number of arcs.
Study repetition and divided attention: Effects of encoding manipulations on collaborative inhibition in group recall

Two experiments tested the effects of encoding manipulations on group recall and on the magnitude of collaborative inhibition. Collaborative inhibition refers to the phenomenon where by a collaborative group recalls less than do the same number of individuals who work alone and then have their nonredundant responses pooled. Participants studied categorized word lists once or three times (Experiment 1) or under conditions of full versus divided attention (Experiment 2). Study repetition both improved retrieval organization in recall and attenuated collaborative inhibition, and divided attention encoding both reduced retrieval organization in recall and eliminated collaborative inhibition. These experiments are the first to focus on encoding variables and to show that collaborative inhibition can vary as a function of encoding manipulations.
Studies of pigments and growth in Chloroflexus aurantiacus , a phototrophic filamentous bacterium

1. The chlorophyll pigments of Chloroflexus aurantiacus were separated by column chromatography on powdered sugar and were identified by spectrophotometry in various solvents as BChl a and BChl c (chlorobium chlorophyll 660). The bacteriopheophytins were also prepared and characterized-spectrophotometrically. The identity of the BChl a is tentative because of its anomalous phase test behavior and because of changes in its absorption spectrum observed under different conditions of preparation. 2. Growth rates of Chloroflexus at 55°C and synthesis of the 2 chlorophylls were compared in cells growing under anaerobic conditions at different light intensities. Growth rates increased with increasing light intensity to a saturation level of about 0.30 doublings/hr at 20 000 lux and above during the second exponential phase of growth. The rate of the first exponential phase continued to increase, at least up to 50 000 lux. The specific content of both chlorophylls decreased with increasing light intensity but to different extents. A linear relationship between specific chlorophyll content and growth rate for either chlorophyll was only observed over a limited range of growth rates. The ratio of BChl c/BChl a decreased with increasing light intensity. The greatest change occurred between 300 and 5000 lux. The differential responses of BChl c and BChl a to light intensity were also demonstrated by shifting highly pigmented cells (grown at low light intensity) to high light intensity. In these cases different rates of synthesis of the 2 pigments followed initial adjustments. Carotenoid synthesis did not decrease with increasing light intensity under anaerobic conditions. 3. Chlorophyll synthesis was suppressed under fully aerobic conditions in dark-ness and light. In either case the pigments were diluted out by continued cell growth. At least 1 carotenoid pigment, however, was synthesized under aerobic conditions. Other carotenoids characteristic of anaerobic growth were not observed. 4. The chemoheterotrophic aerobic growth rate at 55°C in darkness (0.14 to 0.22 d/hr) was less than the maximum second phase phototrophic rate under anaerobic conditions (0.30 d/hr). Aerobic growth rate in the light was the same as in darkness if chlorophylls were lacking, but was enhanced if these pigments were still present. The oxygen consumption rate was partially suppressed in the light only when chlorophylls were present in the cells. 5. A light-minus-dark diffrence spectrum revealed the presence of a light-induced reversible decrease in absorbance of BChl a with a maximum effect at 860 nm, tentatively identifying a reaction center complex.
Roles of Perceived Sexist Events and Perceived Social Support in the Mental Health of Women Seeking Counseling.

The authors of the present study contribute to research on the role of sexist events in women’s mental health by examining the sexism–distress relation (a) with a sample of women who are seeking mental health services and (b) in the context of the additional roles of perceived social support in positive self-appraisal (i.e., empowerment and self-esteem) and psychological distress. A path analysis was conducted with data from 157 women who were seeking counseling services. Results supported the generalizability of previously observed links between the frequency of perceived sexist events and psychological distress. Results also indicated that the sexism–distress link was significant in the context of an additional significant indirect relation of perceived social support with psychological distress, which was mediated through empowerment but not through self-esteem. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
The influence of chemical structure on the properties in methacrylate-based dentin adhesives

Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the chemical structure of methacrylate monomers used in dentin adhesives on degree of conversion (DC), water sorption, and dynamic mechanical properties.
The Senate Confirmation Process and the Quality of U.S. Supreme Court Justices

Some critics of the confirmation process for U.S. Supreme Court nominees have claimed that the contentiousness of the contemporary process has induced presidents to nominate lesser known figures of lesser merit to the High Court, rather than first-rate legal scholars of well known and likely controversial views. This dynamic has led, in the words of one commentator, to a “Court of mediocrity.” This paper tests that thesis by analyzing the results of a survey of constitutional law scholars on the overall “quality” of the Court's twentieth-century appointees. The results place none of the justices appointed since the late 1960s in the survey's highest category: “Excellent.” However, the results indicate that the recent justices are, as a whole, just as able as the average justice of earlier in the twentieth century. A majority of the recent justices score above the mean rating of their earlier twentieth-century predecessors at a statistically distinguishable level. Moreover, the discussion of the survey results shows that the conditions for the appointment of great justices are still present.
A factor analytic study of hue discrimination.

Hue discrimination data were gathered from a variety of published sources and subjected to factor analysis. Five factors were extracted. Factor I affects discrimination performance in the orange-red portion of the spectrum, from 590 to 640 nm in wavelength. Similarly, Factor II contributes to performance in the violet-blue portion of the spectrum (430–490 nm), and Factor III does so in the middle wavelengths (490–570 nm). Factor IV affects performance in two separate portions of the spectrum, from 570 to 610 nm and from 450 to 490 nm. Factor V affects performance from 470 to 530 nm, with a peak loading at 510 nm, the point of maximum absorption of rhodopsin. The implications of this factor pattern for theories of color vision are discussed, as is the application of factor analysis to psychophysical data.
Clinical extracts of biomedical literature for patient-centered problem solving.

This paper reports on a four-part qualitative research project aimed at designing an online document surrogate tailored to the needs of physicians seeking biomedical literature for use in clinical problem solving. The clinical extract, designed in collaboration with three practicing physicians, combines traditional elements of the MEDLINE record (e.g., title, author, source, abstract) with new elements (e.g., table captions, text headings, case profiles) suggested by the physicians. Specifications for the prototype clinical extract were developed through a series of relevance-scoring exercises and semi-structured interviews. For six clinical questions, three physicians assessed the applicability of selected articles and their document surrogates, articulating relevance criteria and reasons for their judgments. A prototype clinical extract based on their suggestions was developed, tested, evaluated, and revised. The final version includes content and format aids to make the extract easy to use. The goals, methods, and outcomes of the research study are summarized, and a template of the final design is provided.
A data system for dental program administration.

A completely revised dental data reporting system was developed and adopted four years ago by the Indian Health Service. The system associates oral health needs to dental service provided and, by evaluating trends and comparing service needs and services provided, permits the development of an efficient operating plan.
Localization of carotid cavernous fistula using digital subtraction angiography

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA), with its rapid imaging rate (30 video frames per second) and immediately available subtraction images, provides excellent vascular detail in localization of the exact site of internal carotid-cavernous fistula. In a patient with two fistulas, we successfully used DSA to determine the sites of fistula and accurately positioned detachable balloons to occlude them.
Tetrahedrally coordinated disordered Cu2SnS3–Cu2ZnSnS4–ZnS alloys with tunable optical and electronic properties

Abstract A key requirement for large-scale deployment of photovoltaic technologies is the development of highly functional materials with controllable opto-electronic properties. In this work, we report on the room-temperature synthesis of disordered alloys of the Earth-abundant, tetrahedrally coordinated semiconductors Cu 2 SnS 3 , Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS), and ZnS as (Cu 2 SnS 3 ) 1− x (ZnS) x . The resulting disordered semiconductors are found to have continuously and independently tunable optical and electronic properties. Quasi-isovalent alloying on the cation sublattice allows the optical band gap to be varied continuously from 1.1 eV to 2.8 eV. Aliovalent alloying leads to independent control of carrier concentration over at least three orders of magnitude. A conceptual framework describing these disordered materials is presented, in which the structural disorder, constrained by local tetrahedral coordination of both anions and cations, leads to the observed high degree of tunability of the opto-electronic properties. These materials are not only independently interesting, but the developed framework also applies to the opto-electronic properties of kesterite CZTS materials as well as provides a basis for the development of new semiconductors.
Mechanical Effectiveness of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVA/PVP) as an Intervertebral Disc Polymer

The intervertebral disc is one of the body’s most vital structures. It provides support and enables six degree of freedom (6DOF) motions in the spine: flexion, extension, right and left lateral bending, compression, and axial rotation. When individuals suffer from degenerative disc disease, the nucleus pulposus deteriorates, causing a loss of articulation in the intervertebral disc. To address this problem, replacements for the nucleus pulposus can be used. The objective of this study was to evaluate a potential nucleus pulposus replacement consisting of a hydrogel polymer. The hydrogel was synthesized by physically cross-linking 95%-weight polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and 5%-weight polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). PVA and PVP were selected for the hydrogel implant due to the natural biocompatibility when the two are physically cross-linked. In order to evaluate the mechanical effectiveness of the hydrogel, a slider-crank mechanism was designed and constructed to create the 6DOF motions when interfaced with a Universal Mechanical Testing System. The viscoelastic properties of the polymer were obtained using a rheometer, which determined the elastic (G′) and viscous (G″) moduli of the PVA/PVP hydrogel polymer by calculating the complex shear modulus (G*) under low-frequency oscillating shear deformation. This allows for study of the viscoelastic performance of the isolated nucleus pulposus and hydrogel implant. The elastic modulus of the hydrogel was tested at parameters 5%, 10%, and 15% strain with results of 228.6 Pa, 988.8 Pa, and 1793 Pa, respectively. However, the elastic modulus tested for the natural bovine specimen at 5%, 10%, and 15% strain were 712.9 Pa, 522.1 Pa, and 363.3 Pa, respectively.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Hotelling's spatial competition as a model of sales

Abstract Hotelling's spatial competition model is used to explain the existence of sales. It is shown that (1) an equilibrium in randomized strategies exists when a pure strategy equilibrium fails to exist, (2) with more dissimilarity among brands prices are chosen from a wider interval.
The performance of continuous mixers for dry powders

Abstract The performance of seven continuous mixers has been assessed using 20 : 1 mixtures of sand and sugar. The particle size of the sand and sugar was selected such that the powder pairs were cohesive/cohesive, cohesive/free-flowing, and free-flowing/free-flowing. The latter pair were highly segregating. Sand and sugar were selected for ease of analysis, which was accomplished gravimetrically by dissolving out the sugar. Samples were taken at the outlet of the mixer every minute for a period of fifteen minutes. Samples of 1 g, 10 g, and 100 g were analyzed. The results showed that the performance of a given mixer is very much a function of the flow properties of the materials to be mixed.
Bird phrase segmentation by entropy-driven change point detection

A bird phrase segmentation method using entropy-based change point detection is proposed. Spectrograms of bird calls are usually sparse while the background noise is relatively white. Therefore, considering the entropy of a sliding time-frequency block on the spectrogram, the entropy dips when detecting a signal and rises when the signal ends. Rather than applying a hard threshold on the entropy to determine the beginning and ending of a signal, a Bayesian change point detection is used to detect the statistical changes in the entropy sequence. Tests on a database of Cassin's Vireo (Vireo cassinii), our proposed segmentation method with spectral subtraction or a novel spectral whitening method as the front-end generates more accurate time labels, lower the false alarm rate than the conventional time-domain energy detection method and achieves high phrase classification rate.
Corrigendum to "Preliminary Validation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children" [Eat. Behav. 14 (2013) 508-512]

Corrigendum to “Preliminary Validation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children” [Eat. Behav. 14 (2013) 508–512] Ashley N. Gearhardt⁎, Christina A. Roberto, Marissa J. Seamans, William R. Corbin, Kelly D. Brownell a Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA b Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health & Society Scholar, Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard School of Public Health, 9 BowStreet, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA c Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, 2101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB #7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA d Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 950 S. McAllister, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA e Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
Features Predictive of Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Hemorrhage Extrapolation to a Physiologic Model

Background and Purpose—Although there is generally thought to be a 2% to 4% per annum rupture risk for brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs), there is no way to estimate risk for an individual patient. Methods—In this retrospective study, patients were eligible who had nidiform bAVMs and underwent detailed pretreatment diagnostic cerebral angiography at our medical center from 1996 to 2006. All patients had superselective microcatheter angiography, and films were reviewed for the purpose of this project. Patient demographics, clinical presentation, and angioarchitectural characteristics were analyzed. A univariate analysis was performed, and angioarchitectural features with potential physiological significance that showed at least a trend toward significance were added to a multivariate logistic regression model. Results—One hundred twenty-two bAVMs met criteria for study entry. bAVMs with single venous drainage anatomy were more likely to present with hemorrhage. In addition, patients with multiple d...
“Most women engage in sorcery”: An analysis of sorceresses in the Babylonian Talmud

This chapter is concerned with the analysis of female sorcery as presented in the Babylonian Talmud. It seeks to understand, from the case of female sorcery one aspect of the paradigm of the ideal Talmudic Rabbi's society namely the role of women in the rabbinic social structure. The focus of the chapter will be women who practice sorcery. It discusses the explicit pericopae in the Babylonian Talmud that address sorcery and employ the term for sorcery from the Hebrew or Aramaic roots kishuf or haresh. The author's methodology does not examine the historical truth as expressed in the data; rather it explores the social world-view of its redactors.Keywords: Babylonian Talmud; female sorcery; rabbinic social structure
Unilateral postherpetic neuralgia is associated with bilateral sensory neuron damage

Shingles can cause chronic neuropathic pain (postherpetic neuralgia) long after skin lesions heal. To investigate its causes, we quantitated immunolabeled sensory neurites in skin biopsies from 18 subjects with and 16 subjects without postherpetic neuralgia after unilateral shingles. Subjects rated the intensity of their pain. Punch skin biopsies were evaluated from the site of maximum pain or shingles involvement, the homologous contralateral location, and a site on the back, distant from shingles involvement. Sections were immunostained with anti-PGP9.5 antibody, a pan-axonal marker, and the density of epidermal and dermal neurites determined. The group with postherpetic neuralgia had a mean density of 339 +/- 97 neurites/mm2 in shingles-affected epidermis compared with a density of 1,661 +/- 262 neurites/mm2 for subjects without pain. Neurite loss was more severe in epidermis than dermis. Unexpectedly, the group with pain had also lost half of the neurites in contralateral epidermis. Contralateral damage occurred despite the lack of contralateral shingles eruptions or pain, correlated with the presence and severity of ongoing pain at the shingles site, and did not extend to the distant site. Thus, the pathophysiology of postherpetic neuralgia pain may involve a new bilateral mechanism.
Error analysis of finite-element solutions for postbuckled plates

A general method of error analysis and correction is investigated for the discrete finite-element results for cylindrical shell structures. The method for error analysis is an adaptation of the method of successive approximation. When applied to the equilibrium equations of shell theory, successive approximations derive an approximate continuous solution from the discrete finite-element results. The advantage of this continuous solution is that it contains continuous partial derivatives of an order higher than the basis functions of the finite-element solution. Preliminary numerical results are presented in this paper for the error analysis of finite-element results for a postbuckled stiffened cylindrical panel modeled by a general purpose shell code. Numerical results from the method have previously been reported for postbuckled stiffened plates. A procedure for correcting the continuous approximate solution by Newton's method is outlined.
Microbial degradation of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur heterocyclic compounds under anaerobic conditions: Studies with aquifer samples

The potential for anaerobic biodegradation of 12 heterocyclic model compounds was studied. Nine of the model compounds were biotransformed in aquifer slurries under sulfate-reducing or methanogenic conditions. The nitrogen and oxygen heterocyclic compounds were more susceptible to anaerobic biodegradation than those compounds containing a sulfur heteroatom. Carboxy-substituted compounds were anaerobically metabolized more readily than unsubstituted or methylated analogues. In methanogenic incubations, 47 to 84% of the expected amount of carbon in pyridine, 4-picoline, nicotinic acid and 2-thiophene carboxylic acid was recovered as methane. In contrast, only small amounts of methane were detected in aquifer slurries amended with compounds containing an oxygen heteroatom, even though a decrease in the parent substrate concentration occurred. Pyridine, 2-picoline and 4-picoline were biotransformed within three months under sulfate-reducing conditions. However, longer incubation times were required for the degradation of these substrates in methanogenic aquifer slurries. A literature survey reveals the widespread contamination of ground waters with heterocyclic compounds from waste management practice and fossil-fuel-related industries.
The clinical, operational, and financial worlds of neonatal palliative care: A focused ethnography.

ABSTRACTObjective: Due to multiple issues, integrated interdisciplinary palliative care teams in aneonatal intensive care unit (NICU) may be difﬁcult to access, sometimes fail to beimplemented, or provide inconsistent or poorly coordinated care. When implementing aneffective institution-speciﬁc neonatal palliative care program, it is critical to includestakeholders from the clinical, operational, and ﬁnancial worlds of healthcare. In this study,researchers sought to gain a multidisciplinary perspective into issues that may impact theimplementation of a formal neonatal palliative care program at a tertiary regional academicmedical center.Method: In this focused ethnography, the primary researcher conducted semistructuredinterviews that explored the perspectives of healthcare administrators, ﬁnance ofﬁcers, andcliniciansaboutneonatalpalliativecare.Theperspectivesof39studyparticipantsinformedtheidentiﬁcation of institutional, ﬁnancial, and clinical issues that impact the implementation ofneonatal palliative care services at the medical center and the planning process for a formalpalliative care program on behalf of neonates and their families.Results: Healthcare professionals described experiences that inﬂuenced their views onneonatal palliative care. Key themes included: (a) uniqueness of neonatal palliative care, (b)communication and conﬂict among providers, (c) policyand protocol discrepancies, and (d) lackof administrative support.Signiﬁcance of results: The present study highlighted several areas that are challenging inthe provision of neonatal palliative care. Our ﬁndings underscored the importance ofrecognizing and procuring resources needed simultaneously from the clinical, operational, andﬁnancial worlds in order to implement and sustain a successful neonatal palliative careprogram.KEYWORDS: Neonatal, Palliative care, Qualitative research, AdministrationINTRODUCTIONMore children die during the neonatal period (infantsaged less than 28 days) or immediately prior to birththanatanyotherpointinchildhood(IOM, 2003;Sum-ner et al., 2006). The presence of a neonatal palliativecare service, which would provide holistic care for in-fantsand their family members,has been found toop-timizehealthcareforthosefacingend-of-lifedecisions,offeringcomfort,providingmedicalcare,andstrength-eningpsychosocialsupport (Balagueretal., 2012;Am-balavanan et al., 2005;CatlinC Carter & Levetown, 2004;d’Apolito,2006;Moroetal.,2006). In order to better understand
Long-term outcomes in patients with isolated supraclavicular nodal recurrence after mastectomy and doxorubicin-based chemotherapy for breast cancer

Purpose To examine the outcome of patients who developed an isolated locoregional recurrence (LRR) involving the supraclavicular fossa (SCV) after initial treatment with modified radical mastectomy and chemotherapy. Methods and Materials Records from 140 breast cancer patients treated on five prospective trials with mastectomy and doxorubicin-based chemotherapy, with or without radiation, who developed a LRR were reviewed. Kaplan–Meier survival times were calculated using date of LRR as time zero. Results The median follow-up after LRR was 2.9 years ( N = 140; interquartile range, 1.3–6.6 years). In all, 47 of 140 patients (34%) had an SCV component to their LRR. These patients had lower 3-y distant metastasis–free survival (40% vs. 54%, p = 0.003) and overall survival (49% vs. 69%, p = 0.04) than patients without an SCV component. Multivariate analysis revealed that LRR involving an SCV component (hazard ratio, 1.96, p = 0.004) and patients with lymphovascular space invasion in their primary tumors (hazard ratio, 1.65, p = 0.029) were independently associated with a poor distant metastasis–free survival. However, among 23 patients with isolated SCV recurrence, Overall survival was not statistically significantly different between isolated chest wall recurrence and isolated SCV recurrence. Patients with isolated SCV recurrence displayed a median follow-up of 3.3 years (IR, 1.2–5.2). Only 6 LRR of 23 patients were treated with aggressive local therapy, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation (alone or in combination). Conclusions Although breast cancer recurrence with SCV involvement carries a high risk of distant metastasis and death, among women with recurrence limited to the SCV alone, overall survival after isolated SCV recurrence can be long (25% >5 years).
The effects of total laboratory automation on the management of a clinical chemistry laboratory. Retrospective analysis of 36 years.

Abstract Background: Thirty-six years of data and history of laboratory practice at our institution has enabled us to follow the effects of analytical automation, then recently pre-analytical and post-analytical automation on productivity, cost reduction and enhanced quality of service. Methods: In 1998, we began the operation of a pre- and post-analytical automation system (robotics), together with an advanced laboratory information system to process specimens prior to analysis, deliver them to various automated analytical instruments, specimen outlet racks and finally to refrigerated stockyards. By the end of 3 years of continuous operation, we compared the chemistry part of the system with the prior 33 years and quantitated the financial impact of the various stages of automation. Results: Between 1965 and 2000, the Consumer Price Index increased by a factor of 5.5 in the United States. During the same 36 years, at our institution's Chemistry Department the productivity (indicated as the number of reported test results/employee/year) increased from 10,600 to 104,558 (9.3-fold). When expressed in constant 1965 dollars, the total cost per test decreased from $0.79 to $0.15. Turnaround time for availability of results on patient units decreased to the extent that Stat specimens requiring a turnaround time of
Site‐dependent critical design spectra

A new type of seismic response spectrum is presented. It is based on the concept of a ‘ critical excitation’ which is defined here as an excitation among a certain class of excitations that will produce the largest response peak for a design variable of interest. Site conditions, namely rock, stiff soil and deep cohesionless soil, are taken into account through the definition of the class of allowable excitations. The response spectra thus produced are compared with others that have been proposed or used in the past. Results indicate that they lead to realistic if somewhat conservative assessment of structural earthquake resistance. On the other hand, they are derived under assumptions that are rather well supported by seismological observation and avoid other questionable assumptions, especially those regarding the statistics of ground motions. The critical response spectra may thus inspire greater confidence on the part of their users than those currently proposed or relied on.
Sedimentology of Fault-Scarp-Derived Colluvium from the 1983 Borah Peak Rupture, Central Idaho

ABSTRACT Ten undisturbed samples of scarp-derived colluvium from the 1983 Borah Peak, Idaho, fault scarp were subjected to laboratory grain-size and fabric measurements to characterize typical colluvium from a Basin and Range fault scarp. Colluvial deposits consisted of poorly-sorted pebble gravels (mean diameter -0.3 to -3.75 ; 1.2 to 13.5 mm) with 25-79% matrix (< 4 mm). Stereograms of long-axis orientations of 115 clasts from each colluvial wedge yielded girdle-type distributions, with typical eigenvalue ratios of In S1/S2 = 0.05-0.50 and In S2/S3 = 0.3-1.0 These girdle distributions indicate preferred orientation in angle-of-repose planes coincident with colluvial wedge depositional planes. Short-axis stereograms display single or du l maxima with mean bearing parallel to transport direction and plunge perpendicular to the colluvial wedge surface. Clast fabric strength is not strongly correlated with scarp aspect (corr. coeff. = 0.03 to 0.68) or with the slope of the faulted geomorphic surface (corr. coeff. = -0.16 to +0.57), but it improves with increasing matrix content (corr. coeff. = -0.04 to -0.42). Fabrics in measured wedges are weaker than those reported for other colluviums and talus and resemble fabrics in debris flows. However, the stronger girdle tendencies and distinct orientation subgroups in scarp-derived colluvium should distinguish it from suspected debris flow deposits in fault-zone exposures.
The Ghettoization of Partnership Research in Leisure

Prejudice is a burden that confuses the past, threatens the future, and renders the present inaccessible. —Maya Angelou Ten years exploring leisure research associated with the concepts of “partner...
Growth Mechanisms and Surface Morphology of Ybco Based High-T c Thin Films and Heterostructures for sns Junctions

We have controlled the nanoscale growth mechanism and surface morphology of YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) based high-Tc thin films and heterostructures, using miscut SrTiO3 substrates. On exact (001) SrTiO3 substrates, the YBCO films grow in a screw dislocation growth mode. The barrier layers (La6.4Sr1.6Cu8O20 and PrBa2Cu3O7) grown on top of such a YBCO film also show spiral growth features, indicating pseudomorphic growth. On miscut substrates (with miscut angle ≥ 4° toward [010]) the YBCO films grow by step-flow. However, the La6.4Sr1. 6Cu8O20 layers grown on such YBCO bottom electrodes, show a high degree of step bunching with rough surface. In contrast, the PrBa2Cu3O7 layers show clear step-terrace surface morphology similar to the underlying YBCO bottom electrode, suggesting the existence of periodic nanoscale steps at the S-N interface. These heterostructures can be used for the fabrication of SNS Josephson junctions to take advantage of the proximity effect coupling at the nanoscale steps at the interface.
Anti-Stokes GaAs random laser

We demonstrate first anti-Stokes solid-state laser in which only one pumping photon is required to produce one higher-energy emission photon. The difference of energy is drawn from phonons. This regime is realized in GaAs random laser.
The gastropod nervous system in metamorphosis

Many gastropods, including the sea hare Aplysia californica, undergo metamorphosis in passing from the larval to the juvenile phases of their life cycle. During metamorphosis, the gastropod nervous system is affected by both progressive and regressive neuronal events. In addition to this metamorphic reorganization, the nervous system appears to be centrally involved in initiating metamorphosis. We propose that gastropods not only possess temporally distinct neuronal adaptations for the specific needs of the larval and juvenile phases, but also another transient neuronal adaptation specialized to subserve the metamorphic episode.
Cats Are Able to Adapt Protein Oxidation to Protein Intake Provided Their Requirement for Dietary Protein Is Met

Cats require more dietary protein than noncarnivorous species. Earlier work showed that cats lack the ability to regulate hepatic urea cycle enzymes in response to dietary protein concentration. We thus hypothesized that cats are unable to fully adapt protein oxidation to protein intake, particularly at low-protein concentrations. We used indirect respiration calorimetry to assess cats' ability to adapt substrate oxidation to diets containing different concentrations of protein, including 1 below their protein requirement. Nine cats (5 males and 4 females; 2.7 +/- 0.5 y; 4.49 +/- 0.19 kg) consumed each of 4 semipurified diets containing 7.5% [low protein (LP(3))], 14.2% [adequate protein (AP)], 27.1% [moderate protein (MP)], and 49.6% [high protein (HP)] of metabolizable energy from protein in a modified crossover design, beginning with the MP diet and then consuming the remaining diets in random order. After adaptation to each diet, cats completed a 5-d nitrogen balance trial and at least 2 12-h indirect calorimetry measurements. There was a significant effect of diet on protein oxidation (P < 0.0001), which measured 10.4 +/- 0.5, 14.1 +/- 1.0, 25.0 +/- 1.7, and 53.2 +/- 1.7% of total energy expenditure for the LP, AP, M,P and HP diets, respectively. The ratio of protein oxidation:protein intake was higher with the LP diet (1.39 +/- 0.07) than the other 3 diets (AP, 1.00 +/- 0.07; MP, 0.93 +/- 0.06; HP, 1.07 +/- 0.03; P < 0.0001), indicating a net loss of protein with the LP diet. Thus, cats are able to adapt protein oxidation to a wide range of dietary protein concentrations, provided their minimum protein requirement is met.
A parallel algorithm for exact Bayesian network inference

Given n random variables and a set of m observations of each of the n variables, the Bayesian network inference problem is to infer a directed acyclic graph (DAG) on the n variables such that the implied joint probability distribution best explains the set of observations. Bayesian networks are widely used in many fields ranging from data mining to computational biology. Exact inference of Bayesian networks takes O(n2 · 2n) time plus the cost of O(n · 2n) evaluations of an application-specific scoring function. In this paper, we present a parallel algorithm for exact Bayesian inference that is work-optimal and communication-efficient. We demonstrate the applicability of our method by an implementation on the IBM Blue Gene/L, with experimental results that exhibit near perfect scaling.
Molecular detection of a Yp/18 translocation in a 45,X holoprosencephalic male.

Prenatal diagnosis in a fetus with holoprosencephaly showed a 45,X karyotype and a suspected 18p abnormality. At birth, the fetus presented with normal male genitalia. Y chromatin was not cytogenetically detectable by Q-, G-, or G11-banding. Mosaicism for a cell line containing a Y chromosome was not observed in amniocytes, lymphocytes, or skin fibroblasts. Southern blot analysis for 11 different Y-DNA loci demonstrated the presence in the patient's genome of sequences derived from the short arm, centromeric region, and proximal long arm of the Y chromosome (intervals 1–5). The distal long arm of the Y (intervals 6 and 7) was absent. In situ hybridization with the Y-derived probe pDP105 showed silver grains over the short arm of the del(18) chromosome, suggesting a Y/18 translocation with loss of 18p and distal Yq material.
A Parallel Harmonic-Balance Approach to Steady-State and Envelope-Following Simulation of Driven and Autonomous Circuits

In this paper, we present a parallel harmonic-balance approach, applicable to the steady-state and envelope-following analyses of both driven and autonomous circuits. Our approach is centered on a naturally parallelizable preconditioning technique that speeds up the core computation in harmonic-balance-based analysis. As a coarse-grained parallel approach by algorithm construction, the proposed method facilitates parallel computing via the use of domain knowledge and simplifies parallel programming compared with fine-grained strategies. The proposed parallel preconditioning technique can be combined with more conventional parallel approaches such as parallel device model evaluation, parallel fast Fourier transform operation, and parallel matrix-vector product to further improve runtime efficiency. In our message-passing-interface-based implementation over a cluster of workstations and multithreading-based implementation on a shared-memory machine, favorable runtime speedups with respect to the conventional serial approaches and the serial implementations of the same parallel algorithms are achieved.
Fracture of penis: Controversy of surgical versus conservative treatment

Fracture of the penis is rare. Ninety-three cases are reported in the English literature up to December, 1981. Review of the literature after March, 1971, reveals 35 cases, including 3 cases of the authors. The complication rate of conservative treatment before and after 1971 was 10 per cent and 53 per cent, respectively, including deformity of the penis, pulsatile diverticulum, decrease in turgidity, and failure of conservative treatment. Early surgical treatment is strongly recommended because of the excellent results, shorter hospitalization, less morbidity, and early return to full sexual activity. The incidence of associated urethral injury before and after 1971 is 33 per cent and 14 per cent, respectively.
Controlling Processes Reassignment in BSP Applications

We have developed a model for dynamic process scheduling in heterogeneous and non-dedicated environments. This model acts over a BSP (Bulk Synchronous Parallel) application, applying runtime processes reassignment to new processors. A BSP application is divided in one or more supersteps, each one containing both computation and communication phases followed by a barrier synchronization. In this context, the developed model combines three metrics - Memory, Computation and Communication - in order to measure the potential of migration of each BSP process. The final idea is to offer a mathematical formalism involving these metrics and to decide the following questions about the process migration: When? Where? Which? This paper presents the algorithms of our model, the parallel machine organization, some experimental results and related work.
Design Collaboration in a Distributed Environment

In engineering design classes, much of the learning takes place during student team meetings; so much of the learning is hidden from the instructor. Our long-term goal is to capture team interactions in order to develop a better understanding of collaborative learning in engineering design. This paper reports on a pilot study designed to understand the effects of electronic collaboration tools on the design process of student design teams. In the study, all teams were given the same design problem to solve, but some used pencil and paper, some used a regular whiteboard, and some used a shared digital whiteboard. While our study was a pilot study, it hints that the results of the design process are essentially the same whether students are co-located or distributed. However, we observed that students verbalized their arguments more when separated. The students in the distributed setting spent longer in each design step because they spent more time explaining ideas to students in the other room
Increased C/EBP in fetal rat small intestine precedes initiation of differentiation marker mRNA synthesis

Morphogenesis, initiation of differentiation marker gene expression, and their correlation with CCAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) expression were analyzed in the developing fetal rat small intestine. Expressions of mRNAs for lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH), intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IALP), carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase (CPS), and three isoforms of C/EBP were simultaneously determined by Northern blot analysis from 15 to 19 days of gestation. At 17 days of gestation, prior to villus formation as demonstrated by light and electron microscopy, only CPS and C/EBPalpha, -beta, and -delta expression could clearly be detected. Both LPH and IALP mRNA were definitely detectable in proximal and middle intestine on day 18, as soon as the stratified epithelium of the early intestine had been transformed into a single layer of columnar epithelium lining villi. This distribution was confirmed by in situ hybridization for LPH mRNA. During the period of transformation when the columnar epithelium and villi were forming, no LPH or IALP mRNA was detectable in the immature distal one-third of the fetal intestine. Preceding villus morphogenesis, immunostaining demonstrated nuclear localization of C/EBPalpha protein in intestinal epithelial cells, with continued expression in all enterocytes through 19 days of gestation. Enhanced expression of C/EBPalpha mRNA and protein began 24 h prior to the initiation of the differentiation markers, suggesting that it may play a role in regulation of fetal intestinal differentiation.
Coesite inclusions in dolomite from eclogite in the southern Dabie Mountains, China; the significance of carbonate minerals in UHPM rocks

Coesite inclusions have been discovered in dolomite from carbonate-bearing eclogite in the Dabie UHP terrane. The eclogite boudins are enclosed in calc-silicate rocks that contain quartz aggregatesafter coesite in the matrix. The carbonate-bearing eclogite is composed of garnet, coesite or quartz, dolomite, magnesite, omphacite, rutile, :tminor phengite, apatite, and zircon, and was formed at -760 DC,>28 kbar, and 0.01 100 km.
Semiconducting Oxides to Facilitate the Conversion of Solar Energy to Chemical Fuels

The rising significance of producing useful chemical fuels from sunlight has motivated an upsurge of photochemical research, as shown by the growing diversity of chromophores, redox catalysts, and reactivity studies. However, their synergistic integration within artificial photosynthetic systems requires shareable platforms. Early transition-metal oxides have exhibited effective chromophoric/electronic properties across many systems, which has enabled outstanding photocatalytic water splitting efficiencies, but only under ultraviolet irradiation. Semiconducting modifications of these oxides have been investigated that both extend their absorption deep into the visible region and also closely bracket the redox potentials for water splitting and carbon dioxide reduction. Their coupling to surface-anchored molecular catalysts in order to lower kinetic barriers and provide product selectivity is anticipated to lead to studies involving the dynamic interplay of photons, charge carriers, and catalyst turnover.
Soviet and Comintern Policies Toward the British General Strike of 1926

The first general strike in the history of England, with its mass labor action, was bound to attract strong interest from the workers' state which proclaimed as its rallying cry: “Workers of All Countries, Unite!” Soviet concern for the British working class followed logically from the active participation of Marx and Engels in the movement, and the continued attention shown by Lenin to this important “section” of the “world proletariat.”
M-atrial natriuretic peptide and nitroglycerin in a model of acute hypertensive heart failure: a comparison of two cGMP activating therapeutics

Purpose: Systemic hypertension is a common characteristic in acute heart failure (HF). This increasingly common phenotype is commonly associated with renal dysfunction and there is an unmet need for renal enhancing therapies. In a canine model of HF and acute vasoconstrictive hypertension we characterized and compared the cardiorenal actions of M-atrial natriuretic peptide (M-ANP), a novel particulate guanylyl cyclase activator (pGC), and nitroglycerin, a soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activator. Methods: HF was induced by rapid right ventricular pacing (180 bpm) for 10 days. On day 11 hypertension was induced by continuous angiotensin II infusion. We characterized the cardiorenal and humoral actions prior to, during, and for 300 minutes following intravenous M-ANP (n=7), nitroglycerin (n=7), and vehicle (n=7) infusion. Results: Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was reduced by M-ANP (139±4 to 118±3mmHg, p 0.05) effects on these renal parameters or aldosterone activation. ![Figure][1] Conclusions: Our results advance the differential cardiorenal actions of pGC (M-ANP) and sGC (nitroglycerin) mediated cGMP activation. These distinct renal and aldosterone modulating actions make M-ANP an attractive therapeutic for HF with concomitant hypertension, where renal protection is a key therapeutic goal. [1]: pending:yes
Attitudes of Marketing Executives toward Ethics in Marketing Research

Social criticisms of marketing usually spare marketing research … the implication being that researchers pose neither important ethical nor social problems. Is this true? Are there no marketing res...