cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Boundary-Layer Calculations in the Inverse Mode for Incompressible Flows over Infinite Swept Wings

The boundary-layer equations for incompressible steady turbulent flow are solved in the inverse mode under the infinite swept cylinder assumption. The Keller box is used with weighted upwinding in order to suppress oscillations in the solution. An anisotropic eddy-viscosity formula is used for modeling the turbulence. The computed results are compared with measured data. The scheme allows marching into the region of threedimensional separated flow. Good agreement with experiments was obtained.
Large rings of matrices contain full rows

Abstract The following question was posed by Faith in 1964. Suppose that R is a subring of a matrix ring over a division ring with the property that given any non-zero matrix s there exists an element r in R with rs in R and rs ≠ 0. Do there then exist matrix units { e ij } and a left order D in their centralizer such that R contains all matrices in ∑ j De lj ? The purpose of this article is to provide an affirmative answer.
Visualization of spiral and scroll waves in simulated and experimental cardiac tissue

The heart is a nonlinear biological system that can exhibit complex electrical dynamics, complete with period-doubling bifurcations and spiral and scroll waves that can lead to fibrillatory states that compromise the heart's ability to contract and pump blood efficiently. Despite the importance of understanding the range of cardiac dynamics, studying how spiral and scroll waves can initiate, evolve, and be terminated is challenging because of the complicated electrophysiology and anatomy of the heart. Nevertheless, over the last two decades advances in experimental techniques have improved access to experimental data and have made it possible to visualize the electrical state of the heart in more detail than ever before. During the same time, progress in mathematical modeling and computational techniques has facilitated using simulations as a tool for investigating cardiac dynamics. In this paper, we present data from experimental and simulated cardiac tissue and discuss visualization techniques that facilitate understanding of the behavior of electrical spiral and scroll waves in the context of the heart. The paper contains many interactive media, including movies and interactive two- and three-dimensional Java applets.
Heat stability of chemically crosslinked polyethylene

Heat stability in air of chemically crosslinked polyethylene loaded with medium thermal (MT) carbon black was studied as a function of temperature and carbon black content. Weight loss at 200° to 250°C is practically independent of the carbon black concentration. Modulus–temperature curves are changed with various heat treatment periods at 225°C. These curves show that the rubbery modulus (amorphous state) increases with increasing the heating period, while the modulus of the partially crystalline polymer goes through a minimum and then increases. Continuous stress-relaxation and intermittent stress curves show the existence of degradation and crosslinking reactions, the latter becoming more important at higher temperatures or longer times. The degradation reaction is practically independent of the carbon black content while the crosslinking reaction at 225°C is faster with increasing MT black concentrations. It is concluded that reasonable heat stability, in the crosslinked polyethylene compounds studied, can be obtained at temperatures lower than 150°C.
Are the best of the best better than the rest? The effect of multiple rankings on company value

In this paper, we explore the cumulative and interactive effects from being listed on one or more of four popular annual surveys (Fortune’s “Most Admired Companies” and “100 Best Companies to Work For,” Business Ethics “Best Corporate Citizens,” and Working Mother’s “100 Best Companies for Working Mothers.”) We find portfolios constructed of firms selected across these surveys add value to a portfolio, initially and over longer-holding periods, but the overall results are driven by the performance of those firms selected from the Most Admired Companies and Best Corporate Citizens rankings. We also discover that being listed in two or three different surveys on a yearly basis produces incremental value.
Petrology and regional significance of the Roxboro Metagranite, North Carolina

The pluton located at Roxboro, North Carolina, is predominantly a light gray to medium gray, microphaneritic metagranite. Phenocrysts of plagioclase, quartz, and perthite are accompanied by porphyroblasts of epidote. Relict igneous textural relationships suggest two possible fractional crystallization models, in both of which the order of crystallization was plagioclase, quartz, and then K-rich feldspar. A crude approximation of the composition of the original plagioclase phenocrysts is An 25 to An 40 . Based on the composition of locally present granophyre, the pluton was emplaced under almost dry conditions with a P total of about 350 bars and a temperature in the vicinity of 950 °C. The shallow depth of emplacement suggests that the Roxboro Metagranite represents the root of a volcanic sequence that once unconformably overlay the presently exposed sequence. During the middle Paleozoic, this granitic intrusive was metamorphosed at a minimum pressure of about 3 kb and a temperature of approximately 400 °C. A foliation, as shown by stringers of mainly biotite and epidote, was produced by the deformational phase accompanying regional metamorphism. All K-rich feldspar is now nearly pure microcline (∼Or 97 ), and all plagioclase is now nearly pure low albite (Ab 97–99 ). Such feldspar compositions accompanied by late growth of ferristilpnomelane indicate a re-equilibration under lower grade conditions than those realized during the peak of the major regional metamorphic event.
Shigella dysenteriae 60R strain adheres to and invades tissue culture cells in the absence of virulence plasmid

Abstract Evidence is presented that a high level Shiga toxin-producing strain Shigella dysenteriae 60R adheres to and invades the epithelial cell lines Hct8 and Henle 407. The invasive phenotype of S. dysenteriae 60R differs in four ways from the heretofore studied invasive Shigella phenotypes. First, S. dysenteriae 60R lacks the virulence plasmid characteristic of other invasive Shigella spp. and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli . Second, hybridization studies show that the known ipa genes are neither present in the chromosome nor in the small plasmid of 60R. Third, 60R adheres to and invades Hct8 and Henle 407 cells at 37°C as well as at 30°C. Fourth, the phenotype of adherence and invasion of 60R is remarkably stable, even during prolonged growth in laboratory media and storage.
An experimental apparatus proposed for efficient removal of isobaric contaminants in negative ion beams

Isobaric contaminants are often problematical in accelerated negative ion beams for research at certain radioactive ion beam (RIB) and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) facilities since their presence in low-intensity rare isotopic beams seriously compromise experimental results. This article describes a non-resonant, laser-based photo-detachment apparatus for use at these facilities, which, according to calculations efficiently removes isobaric contaminants from these beams. The advantage of the system for isobaric contaminant removal over other systems proposed to date lies in its ability to efficiently capture easily transportable energetic negative ion beams with low, intermediate or high energy spreads by a superconducting solenoid magnetic field. The ability to change the diameter of captured beams by adjusting the magnetic field strength permits optimum control of the radial overlap of the laser/negative ion beam profiles over an extended interaction region under high vacuum conditions without retarding optical affect, collision-cooling or capture losses.
Design of Key Process Parameters Test-Bench for 1250mm2 Large Cross-Section Conductor Tension Stringing

This document proposed the test scheme of limit Test-bench structural system under the setting-out conditions of simulating critical state and completed the design and manufacture of the test system through conducting investigation on test methods and equipment of tension stringing construction process, combining the 1,250mm2 large cross-section conductor and construction technology requirements and based on functional positioning, optimization of combined design and force analysis of Test-bench, mechanics analysis of various parts and their connection as well as allowable stress method check. This system was closer to the actual stringing working conditions, and the obtained data were more reasonable and exact and meet the actual engineering demand. In addition, the reliability of this test system has been verified through the test of 1,250mm2 third-class large cross-section conductor.
A large lumen microcatheter for oncologic intervention.

A newly available Tracker-325 catheter (Target Therapeutics, Fremont, CA, USA), modified from the Tracker-18 catheter, has the same outer diameter but a larger lumen. This catheter was used in 15 patients during a 7-month period for superselective arterial catheterization when conventional catheters could not be placed successfully. Arterial embolization (n = 7), chemoembolization (n = 5), and chemoinfusion (n = 3), were performed. The increased luminal diameter of the Tracker-325 allowed an increased flow rate for diagnostic arteriography, accommodated larger embolic particles, and improved the ability to achieve a superselective position.
Urologic problems in anorectal malformations. Part 2: Functional urologic sequelae

A consecutive series of 90 children with anorectal malformations was reviewed for urologic problems related to lower urinary tract dysfunction. Neurogenic bladder-sphincter dysfunction was seen in 22 patients (24%), all but one of whom had sacral agenesis. Vesicoureteral reflux was present in 60% of the patients with dysfunction, and 32% had reflux nephropathy. Urinary incontinence was present in 91% of the patients who had bladder-sphincter dysfunction. However, the management of bladder-sphincter dysfunction and urinary incontinence was not as straightforward as for patients with myelodysplasia because the parents were more reluctant to accept the therapeutic measures. It was particularly difficult to introduce clean intermittent catheterization (CIC), especially in older patients, because genital and urethral sensation often was undisturbed. Only if CIC had been started in the neonatal period or early infancy were there no problems with acceptance and parental compliance. The authors emphasize the importance of urodynamic testing of neonates and infants who have an anorectal malformation and associated sacral agenesis in identifying those who have neurogenic bladder-sphincter dysfunction. Consequently, patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction should receive prompt treatment, including CIC if necessary, to prevent or reduce secondary urologic morbidity, especially loss of renal function.
POPULARITY AND THE VOTE: The Gubernatorial Case

In this article we examine the relationship between incumbent governors' popularity ratings and their subsequent vote percentages. Analysis shows that the popularity ratings are clearly related to the vote percentages. Specifically, our model suggests that an incumbent governor can be confident of reelection with a popularity “approval” rating above approximately 48%.
Alpha Asymmetry in Female Military Spouses Following Deployment

In the present investigation the authors incorporate a social/affective neuroscience approach to assess the relationship between deployment and electrical brain activity of women married to service members. In particular, the researchers examined influences associated with alpha asymmetry over the frontal cortex. Results suggest that length of time since returning from deployment and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder are associated with greater activity in the right hemisphere of the brain which is associated with a tendency to withdraw from an uncomfortable stimulus.
THE ORIGIN RECOGNITION COMPLEX IN SILENCING, CELL CYCLE PROGRESSION, AND DNA REPLICATION

This report describes the isolation of ORC5, the gene encoding the fifth largest subunit of the origin recognition complex, and the properties of mutants with a defective allele of ORC5. The orc5-1 mutation caused temperature-sensitive growth and, at the restrictive temperature, caused cell cycle arrest. At the permissive temperature, the orc5-1 mutation caused an elevated plasmid loss rate that could be suppressed by additional tandem origins of DNA replication. The sequence of ORC5 revealed a potential ATP binding site, making Orc5p a candidate for a subunit that mediates the ATP-dependent binding of ORC to origins. Genetic interactions among orc2-1 and orc5-1 and other cell cycle genes provided further evidence for a role for the origin recognition complex (ORC) in DNA replication. The silencing defect caused by orc5-1 strengthened previous connections between ORC and silencing, and combined with the phenotypes caused by orc2 mutations, suggested that the complex itself functions in both processes.
Generations Exercising Together to Improve Fitness (GET FIT): A Pilot Study Designed to Increase Physical Activity and Improve Health-Related Fitness in Three Generations of Women

A 6-month home-based (HB) physical activity program was compared to a control (CTL) condition in terms of effect on physical activity and health-related fitness in three generations of women (daughter/ mother/maternal grandmother). Volunteers were randomly assigned to a HB or CTL condition. HB participants (n = 28) were asked to participate in lifestyle, aerobic, muscular strength, and flexibility activities at least 3 times per week and they completed 73% of the recommended PA bouts. CTL condition participants (n = 9) were asked to continue their usual pattern of physical activity. Changes in physical activity were measured pre-and post-intervention using the Physical Best questionnaire and pedometer step counts (3-day average). Changes in health-related fitness were assessed using Fitnessgram tests. Group x Time interactions were significant for changes in participation in flexibility activity (d/wk) and steps/day, indicating that the HB group experienced significant positive changes in the expected direction (+305% and +37%, respectively), while the CTL group regressed (-15% and -13%, respectively). The G x T interaction for mile time was significant, although not in the expected direction (CTL group < by 14% and HB group < by 5%). Findings should be interpreted with caution due to several limitations of the study, but several suggestions are made for more effectively studying this topic in the future.
Studies of the mechanism of spleen cell cure for osteopetrosis in ia rats: appearance of osteoclasts with ruffled borders.

After ia (osteopetrotic) rats receive whole body radiation and an injection of spleen cells from a normal littermate, the dense, sclerotic skeleton characteristic of osteopetrosis is rapidly remodeled and becomes normal in appearance radiographically and histologically within three weeks. The mechanism of this skeletal transformation has been explored in cured ia rats by light and electron microscopic examination of osteoclasts. In ia rats less than 25 days of age, osteoclasts viewed by electron microscopy lack a ruffled border-the extensive elaboration of plasma membrane next to the bone surface. Cured ia rats have osteoclasts with ruffled borders indistinguishable from those of normal littermates. In ia rats that receive only 600 rads whole body radiation, osteoclasts are still present three weeks later, but appear abnormal by light microscopy, with dense nuclei and lacking cytoplasmic vacuoles next to the bone surface. Cured ia rats have two types of osteoclasts, one type indistinguishable from osteoclasts of normal littermates by light microscopy, the other resembling osteoclasts of ia rats that received radiation only. These data indicate that the mechanism of the spleen cell cure for osteopetrosis in ia rats is rapid remodeling of the skeleton produced by osteoclasts with ruffled borders. Whether normal spleen cells produce these osteoclasts directly by cell division or indirectly by elaboration of some unknown local factor required for formations of ruffled borders by ia osteoclasts is not known.
The Corner of the Mouth Lift and Management of the Oral Commissure Grooves

In many facial plastic surgery cases, the downward turn to the corner of the mouth can be the single remaining aging factor that "spoils" an otherwise excellent rejuvenative surgical effort and is the area patients report that they wish that their facelift had corrected. This article discusses pointing out to the consultative, prospective patient the adjunctive procedures required to correct the downward turn of the mouth and help efface the deep oral commissure grooves. Various procedures and techniques for corner of the mouth rejuvenation are presented, including minimally invasive injectable fillers and planning and design technique for corner of the mouth lift surgery.
Neural Mechanisms of Improvements in Social Motivation After Pivotal Response Treatment: Two Case Studies

Pivotal response treatment (PRT) is an empirically validated behavioral treatment that has widespread positive effects on communication, behavior, and social skills in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). For the first time, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify the neural correlates of successful response to PRT in two young children with ASD. Baseline measures of social communication, adaptive behavior, eye tracking and neural response to social stimuli were taken prior to treatment and after 4 months of PRT. Both children showed striking gains on behavioral measures and also showed increased activation to social stimuli in brain regions utilized by typically developing children. These results suggest that neural systems supporting social perception are malleable through implementation of PRT.
Statistical inference of equivalent initial flaw size with complicated structural geometry and multi-axial variable amplitude loading

Abstract This paper presents several efficient statistical inference techniques to calibrate the equivalent initial flaw size (EIFS) of fatigue cracks for mechanical components with complicated geometry and multi-axial, variable amplitude loading. Finite element analysis is used to address the complicated geometry and calculate the stress intensity factors. Multi-modal stress intensity factors due to multi-axial loading are combined to calculate an equivalent stress intensity factor using a characteristic plane approach. During cycle-by-cycle integration of the crack growth law, a Gaussian process surrogate model is used to replace the expensive finite element analysis, resulting in rapid computation. Experimental data (crack size after a particular number of loading cycles) and statistical methods are used to calibrate the EIFS. The methods of least squares and maximum likelihood method are extended to evaluate the entire probability distribution of EIFS. Bayesian techniques are also implemented for this purpose. A fast numerical integration technique is developed as an efficient alternative to the expensive Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling approach in the Bayesian analysis. An application problem of cracking in a cylindrical structure is used to illustrate the proposed methods.
Flexural Rigidity of the Commissure Region of the Aortic Valve Leaflet

Flexure is a major deformation mode of the aortic valve (AV) leaflet during valve function [1]. The structure of the AV must thus allow for low flexural rigidity yet also be of sufficient strength to support large tensile loads during valve closure. It well known that the AV is a heterogeneous structure uniquely adapted to provide efficient valve function. Yet, unlike the trilayered central leaflet region, the commissural region commissural region of the AV leaflet (Fig. 1) is composed of only a single layer of collagen fibers. The effect of this structural difference in the AV leaflets flexural rigidity and hence its function is unknown. Also, knowledge of the flexural rigidity of the AV leaflets can be used as design criteria in fabricating bioprosthetic and tissue engineered heart valve considering the fact that the commissural region is known to be a major site for porcine bioprosthetic failure [2]. Yet, to our knowledge the mechanical properties of the AV leaflet in the commissural area have never been measured, due to its small size (3–5 mm).Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Restricted dietary protein in pregnant beef cows: II. Effect on the immune response.

Abstract Cows fed 0.37 Kg crude protein per day for four months before calving showed no decrease in colostral IgG, IgA, or IgM from cows fed a normal ration. Similarly, no difference in serum immunoglobulin concentration was detected in their calves. Cows in the low protein group developed significantly lower (P Salmonella pullorum antigen than did the normal group. The data show significant positive linear regressions of calf agglutination titer to S. pullorum on the dam's colostral titers. Serum levels of IgG measured at 24 hours were significantly lower in calves from second-calf heifers than from these of other age groups. The IgA levels of serums from calves from the six-year-old cows were significantly higher than the serum levels of calves from younger dams (P
Endolymphatic mastoid shunt versus endolymphatic sac decompression for ménière’s disease

Objective This study compares the efficacy of endolymphatic mastoid shunt (EMS) versus endolymphatic sac decompression (ESD) without sac incision for the treatment of Meniere’s disease. Study design and setting The AAO-HNS Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Therapy in Meniere’s disease were used to retrospectively identify suitable candidates for the study. All patients who failed medical management and underwent either endolymphatic-mastoid shunt (EMS) (n = 88) or endolymphatic sac decompression (ESD) (n = 108) were selected for review using the AAO-HNS guidelines. The study was carried out at a tertiary care neurotology private practice. Results EMS and ESD were equally effective in reducing the incidence and severity of vertigo attacks with significant improvement in 67 percent and 66 percent of patients, respectively. Conclusion Both EMS and ESD are effective, nondestructive alternatives for patients who have failed medical management of Meniere’s disease with similar long-term hearing outcomes. Significance This is the only study within the same institution using AAO-HNS guidelines comparing EMS versus ESD.
Vacancy cluster evolution and swelling in irradiated 316 stainless steel

Abstract A recently developed master equation and Fokker–Planck method for cluster-nucleation and growth simulations is applied to a model of impurity-free type-316 stainless steel under irradiation. The evolution of the void size distribution is treated in full generality, although the dislocation density is held constant versus time and temperature. The simulations reproduce several observed characteristics of irradiation swelling, involving a brief incubation delay followed by quasi-steady swelling. The predicted incubation period shows a clear dose-rate response – lower irradiation flux requires less total fluence to complete the incubation process. This trend is consistent with some recent experimental reports.
Eimeria tenella: Growth and drug sensitivity in tissue culture under reduced oxygen

Abstract For Plasmodium falciparum in culture, growth is enhanced as oxygen tension is lowered and drug susceptibility, particularly susceptibility to 70S ribosomal and mitochondrial inhibitors, changes. Whether similar effects occur in Eimeria tenella was tested as a possible explanation for why certain 70S ribosomal inhibitors, while active in Eimerm-infected birds, are virtually inactive in vitro under ambient oxygen conditions. It was reasoned that perhaps these agents would exhibit good in vitro potency under reduced oxygen conditions. Such proved not to be the case, and it was further found that no positive effect on Eimeria growth occurred under these conditions. Finally, lowering oxygen tension had no substantial effects on sensitivity to anticoccidials or mitochondrial inhibitors.
Growth hormone secretion in chicks during dietary calcium deficiency

Abstract The role of calcium in the secretion of growth hormone (GH) has been examined in vivo in immature domestic fowl. Chicks reared on a low calcium (0.16% calcium in the feed) diet showed a reduced growth rate, compared with those on a normal (0.86%) calcium diet and had lower basal levels of plasma GH 1, 5, 10 and 15 d after calcium deprivation, but not after 20, 25, 30 or 35 d of calcium deficiency. No consistent changes in the concentration of immunoreactive somatomedin C were observed during calcium restriction. In both the control and low calcium fed birds the plasma concentrations of GH were elevated by the intravenous administration of human pancreatic GH releasing factor (hpGRF) and by thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). The GH responses to these provocative stimuli were not reduced in magnitude by calcium deficiency. It is suggested, therefore, that the effect of calcium deprivation on the secretion of GH is mediated via the reduced release of stimulatory hypophysiotrophic factors from the hypothalamus. Pharmacological alterations in calcium status also suggest that calcium deprivation inhibits GH secretion. Plasma concentrations of GH were acutely depressed in young chicks following the administration of a calcium chelator (ethylene diaminotetraacetic acid) a calcium channel blocker (verapamil) and after calmodulin inhibition (by chlordiazapine and trifluorpenazine administration). These data therefore demonstrate the importance of calcium in the stimulation of GH secretion in the domestic fowl.
Test Speededness under Number-Right Scoring: An Analysis of the Test of English as a Foreign Language.

This investigation aimed to develop a new methodology for assessing the speededness of right-scored tests such as the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). A new methodology is needed because traditional procedures of assessing speededness assume that the test is scored under formula-scoring instructions. The approach to the problem used in this study capitalizes on the fact that Item Response Theory is used in equating TOEFL. Two indices were investigated and validated against artificial data and real data in a way that was consistent with the ETS criteria for declaring forms speeded. Both indices were able to identify data that contained the speed component. The applications of these indices to several forms suggest that speed does not play a significant role in the TOEFL as a whole. However, Section 2 appeared to be affected by speed in administrations where pretest items are included. This may have been due to the slightly shorter time per item allowed when pretest items are included. It was recommended that one of the indices studied be used on an operational basis for a trial period and that the time limit for Section 2 be increased when pretest items are present or that the number of items be reduced to achieve the same effect.
Duration of hibernation bouts in Zapus hudsonius

Abstract 1. 1. Meadow jumping mice demonstrate an exponential increase in duration of hibernation bouts. 2. 2. This exponential increase differs from the pattern of hibernation bouts previously described for Spermophilus lateralis . 3. 3. An exponential increase in hibernation bout length complicates the hypotheses that attempt to explain the mechanism of periodic arousals.
A step gradient system for microcolumn liquid chromatography based on a multiple‐loop valve

A new gradient elution system for microcolumn liquid chromatography is presented and evaluated. A multiple-loop valve system facilitates a reproducible, stepwise addition to the mobile phase at low-microliter-per-minute flow rates. The system is amenable to automation. Gradient precision has been evaluated under various operational conditions. An optimized system yielded standard deviations in retention times of less than 0.5 on runs over 2 h.
A Meta-Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Autism

Background Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have reported reductions in corpus callosum (CC) total area and CC regions in individuals with autism. However, studies have differed concerning the magnitude and/or region contributing to CC reductions. The present study determined the significance and magnitude of reductions in CC total and regional area measures in autism. Method PubMed and PsycINFO databases were searched to identify MRI studies examining corpus callosum area in autism. Ten studies contributed data from 253 patients with autism (mean age = 14.58, SD = 6.00) and 250 healthy control subjects (mean age = 14.47, SD = 5.31). Of these 10 studies, 8 reported area measurements for corpus callosum regions (anterior, mid/body, and posterior), and 6 reported area for Witelson subdivisions. Meta-analytic procedures were used to quantify differences in total and region CC area measurements. Results Total CC area was reduced in autism and the magnitude of the reduction was medium (weighted mean d = .48, 95% confidence interval [CI] = .30–.66). All regions showed reductions in size with the magnitude of the effect decreasing caudally (anterior d = .49, mid/body d = .43, posterior d = .37). Witelson subdivision 3 (rostral body) showed the largest effect, indicating greatest reduction in the region containing premotor/supplementary motor neurons. Conclusions Corpus callosum reductions are present in autism and support the aberrant connectivity hypothesis. Future diffusion tensor imaging studies examining specific fiber tracts connecting the hemispheres are needed to identify the cortical regions most affected by CC reductions.
An Efficient (n, k) Information Dispersal Algorithm for High Code Rate System over Fermat Fields

The (n, k) information dispersal algorithm (IDA) is the art of converting a file into n pieces of shadows, and any k out of the n shadows suffice for reconstructing the file. The IDA is applicable to the distributed communication and storage systems. This letter proposes an efficient (n, k) IDA for the case n/2≤k<;n over Fermat field GF(2r+1). We first present the IDA under conditions of n-k in the power of 2 and n as multiple of n-k, and then extend the algorithm to the general case. For a reasonably large file, both encoder and decoder achieveΘ(nlog(n-k)) operations in processing k symbols.
End-Stopping and the Aperture Problem: Two-Dimensional Motion Signals in Macaque V1

Our perception of fine visual detail relies on small receptive fields at early stages of visual processing. However, small receptive fields tend to confound the orientation and velocity of moving edges, leading to ambiguous or inaccurate motion measurements (the aperture problem). Thus, it is often assumed that neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) carry only ambiguous motion information. Here we show that a subpopulation of V1 neurons is capable of signaling motion direction in a manner that is independent of contour orientation. Specifically, end-stopped V1 neurons obtain accurate motion measurements by responding only to the endpoints of long contours, a strategy which renders them largely immune to the aperture problem. Furthermore, the time course of end-stopping is similar to the time course of motion integration by MT neurons. These results suggest that cortical neurons might represent object motion by responding selectively to two-dimensional discontinuities in the visual scene.
Incorporating wireless into the computer science curriculum

Due to the increasing popularity of wireless networks, there is an urgent need for professionals who understand and can implement emerging technologies. Although most universities have risen to this challenge by adding wireless topics to their curricula, they have typically integrated wireless concepts into their engineering programs. For example, the Ohio State University offers graduate education in Wireless Engineering. The wireless concepts taught in such curricula include radio engineering, antenna installation, hardware design issues and other engineering subjects [13].Computer Science programs have been slow to incorporate wireless concepts such as programming and applications in their curricula. This paper advocates the adoption of a strong wireless component in computer science curricula in the form of a separate course. The rationale and benefits of such a course are presented, along with an evaluation of an experimental course in wireless networking. Guidelines and recommendations are provided, which can be adopted by other institutions.
Approximating new spaces of consumption at the Abasto Shopping Mall, Buenos Aires, Argentina

This paper outlines the resources available to researchers interested in approximating the domains of affect, emotion, and assemblage in today's cultural landscapes of consumption. The extended introduction includes a brief review of recent methodological innovations in accessing embodied experience and materiality more generally. Next, I introduce the Abasto Shopping Mall in central Buenos Aires and outline how I approached four months of fieldwork there in 2010 and 2011. I then present the key findings before concluding with a discussion on how to navigate recent empirical and theoretical contributions to the emerging geographies of consumption that are oriented toward affect, emotion, assemblage, and technologies of biopolitical subjectivity.
Unsteady Adjoint Approach for Design Optimization of Flapping Airfoils

This paper describes the work for optimizing the propulsive efficiency of flapping airfoils, i.e., improving the thrust under constraining aerodynamic work during the flapping flights by changing their shape and trajectory of motion with the unsteady discrete adjoint approach. For unsteady problems, it is essential to properly resolving time scales of motion under consideration and it must be compatible with the objective sought after. We include both the instantaneous and time-averaged (periodic) formulations in this study. For the design optimization with shape parameters or motion parameters, the time-averaged objective function is found to be more useful, while the instantaneous one is more suitable for flow control. The instantaneous objective function is operationally straightforward. On the other hand, the time-averaged objective function requires additional steps in the adjoint approach; the unsteady discrete adjoint equations for a periodic flow must be reformulated and the corresponding system of equations solved iteratively. We compare the design results from shape and trajectory optimizations and investigate the physical relevance of design variables to the flapping motion at on- and off-design conditions.
Protection against lethal freezing temperatures by mucus in an Antarctic limpet.

Abstract The antarctic limpet, Patinigera polaris, is sometimes caught in near-shore ice and exposed to temperatures substantially below −2 °C. In-frozen animals always secrete an envelope of mucus which prevents extracellular ice propagation down to −10 °C. Survival in limpets without mucus protection is significantly lower. Ice propagation through limpet mucus is retarded below its equilibrium freezing point in a manner similar to polar fishes. The capacity of mucus as a cryoprotectant has not previously been described.
Missing final states and the spectral endpoint in exciton model calculations

Recent studies of (n, xp) spectra at incident energies of 28 to 63 MeV have emphasized a previously noted trend that exciton model calculations do not extend to high enough emission energies in some (p, xn) and (n, xp) reactions. Improved agreement between experiment and calculation is achieved by including in the residual nucleus state density those configurations that can be populated but were not being counted because the Fermi level moves down during particle emission. This necessitates minor adjustments in other model parameters. The situation is generalized to reactions with complex particle channels, and significant effects are seen in the calculations for a few reactions on light targets, though the average level of agreement with experiment is unchanged from earlier work.
Subscriber financing of telecommunications investment

Abstract This article describes a system of subscriber financing of investment in the telecommunications industry, which has proved highly successful in Japan and Brazil. In those countries, new subscribers were required to buy bonds or shares as well as paying a telephone installation charge. The capital raised was used to fund construction and improvement of telecommunications facilities. The article examines the details of the financing plans in Japan and Brazil, and the results for the industry and for subscribers. Subscriber financing is recommended as a useful method of raising sufficient and assured capital to fund a carefully planned telecommunications system, especially in developing countries where national priorities for resources may be in other sectors.
Variance results for the second and third reduced sample moments in neutron multiplicity counting for randomly triggered or signal-triggered counting gates

Abstract Neutron multiplicity counting is an established method to estimate the spontaneous fission rate, and therefore also the plutonium mass for example, in a sample that includes other neutron sources. The extent to which the sample and detector obey the “point model” assumptions impacts the estimate's total measurement error, but, in nearly all cases, for the random error contribution, it is useful to evaluate the variances of the second and third reduced sample moments of the neutron source strength. Therefore, this paper derives exact expressions for the variances and covariances of the second and third reduced sample moments for either randomly triggered or signal-triggered non-overlapping counting gates, and compares them to the corresponding variances in simulated data. Approximate expressions are also provided for the case of overlapping counting gates. These variances and covariances are useful in figure of merit calculations to predict assay performance prior to data collection. In addition, whenever real data are available, a bootstrap method is presented as an alternate but effective way to estimate these variances.
TWO CIRCUITS FOR ON-LINE MONITORING OF SPECIFIC LINES IN A GAMMA SPECTRUM.

Abstract At EBR-II there is a requirement to monitor the inert cover gas (argon) for traces of noble-gas fission products. This is accomplished by means of the gamma spectra taken with a Ge(Li) crystal. The problem of on-line monitoring of specific fission product isotopes is complicated by the presence of activation products (primarily 23Ne and 41A). In order to extract quantitative information on-line from the complex total spectrum, two different on-line digital subtract units (ODSU) have been designed and tested. One has the advantage of high-speed response (several micro-seconds); the other has a response time of a few seconds, but has the advantage of deadtime correction. The current emphasis on monitoring effluents for specific activities suggests that these circuits may find wide use. Aside from the original application to gamma analysis, the first type is already being used elsewhere in the laboratory to monitor alpha spectra for plutonium in the presence of a relatively large and varying activity from natural sources.
Dopa and 3-O-methyldopa in cerebrospinal fluid of parkinsonism patients during treatment with oral l-dopa

Abstract In a study of dopa metabolism as reflected in the cerebrospinal fluid of parkinsonism patients during l -dopa therapy, it became evident that 3-O-methyldopa is present in these fluids in a concentration eight to ten times that of dopa. This concentration is sufficiently high to cause significant interference in the determination of dopa if appropriate corrections are not made. New fluorimetric methods for the determination of 3-O-methyldopa and dopa in cerebrospinal fluid were devised. The procedure for determination of dopa has the advantage of greater sensitivity than the traditional iodine oxidation method. A thin-layer chromatographic search was made for the metabolites of 3-O-methyldopa, vanilpyruvic acid and vanillactic acid, in cerebrospinal fluid. Neither was found, suggesting that the 3-O-methyldopa in cerebrospinal fluid originates largely from systemic metabolism of dopa rather than from the central nervous system. These findings are discussed in the light of present trends in l -dopa therapy.
Photoacoustic microscopy with enhanced resolution and imaging depth aided by optical clearing

Both the spatial resolution and maximum penetration depth of optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (ORPAM) deteriorate sharply with depth due to strong light scattering in tissue. To reduce tissue scattering, we propose to use glycerol as an optical clearing agent in OR-PAM. Our results show that the imaging performance of OR-PAM can be greatly enhanced by optical clearing both in vitro and in vivo.
Evaluation of Allorhogas pyralophagus Marsh (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for the biological control of Diatraea spp. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in sugar-cane in Guyana.

Abstract In 1989, a mass production and field release programme of Allorhogas pyralophagus Marsh (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for the control of the Diatraea spp., particularly D. centrella (Moschler) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in sugar-cane, was initiated by the Guyana Sugar Corporation. The programme was terminated in 1995 after the release of approximately two million adult parasites resulted in a mean field parasitism in Diatraea spp. larvae of only 0.22%. In contrast, 62% of Diatraea spp. larvae were parasitised in vitro as were 32% of larvae in young cane shoots exposed to A. pyralophagus in the laboratory. Neither Diatraea larvae in young cane plants caged in the field nor those recovered from Echinochloa polystachya (Kunth) Hitchc. and Paspalum virgatum L. around release fields showed any parasitism by A. pyralophagus . The reasons for the low rate of host acquisition outside the laboratory are not known, but it is clear that A. pyralophagus offers little prospect for significant control of Diatraea spp., particularly D. centrella in sugar-cane in Guyana.
Variance of prediction error with mixed model equations when relationships are ignored.

Formulas are presented to illustrate the calculation of correct variances of prediction error (PEV) and the correlation between true and predicted values (rTI) when the incorrect variance-covariance matrix for the random effects is used in mixed-model equations (MME). The example with progeny records of highly related and inbred sires showed that PEV were underestimated from the diagonals of the inverse of the coefficient matrix of the MME when sires were assumed unrelated and not inbred and were overestimated when relationships among sires were calculated with Henderson's simple rules for the inverse of the numerator relationship matrix, A-1, which do not consider inbreeding. When Quaas' rules for A-1, which do consider inbreeding, are used, the correct PEV are obtained. In the example, calculations of rTI from the diagonals of the inverse of the coefficient matrix were too large when relationships and inbreeding were ignored and were obviously wrong when the approximation to the numerator relationship matrix, A, was based on the simple rules for calculating A-1. If the correct A is used in the MME, the calculation of rTI may be incorrect if inbreeding of the evaluated individual is not considered. If inbreeding is known, adjustment for inbreeding is easy for calculation of rTI.
CURRENT TRENDS IN ENDODONTIC TREATMENT: REPORT OF A NATIONAL SURVEY

The authors surveyed 360 general dentists and 291 endodontists to obtain information on routine, nonemergency endodontic treatments adapted to clinical practice. Frequent practices and recent advances in treatment modalities-including instrumentation, obturation, intracanal preparations, medications and restorations-are highlighted.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

(1995). ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES. Impact Assessment: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 3-30.
Early-life and adult socioeconomic status and inflammatory risk markers in adulthood.

Background: Associations between childhood and adult socioeconomic status (SES) and adult levels of inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP], fibrinogen, white blood cell count [WBC], and von Willebrand factor [vWF]) were examined in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study cohort. Methods: A total of 12,681 white and African-American participants provided information on SES (via education and social class) and place of residence in childhood and adulthood. Residences were linked to census data for neighborhood SES information. Multiple imputation was used to impute missing data. Hierarchical and linear regression were used to estimate the effects of SES and possible mediation by adult cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Findings: Low childhood social class and education were associated with elevated levels of CRP, fibrinogen, WBC, and vWF (increments of 17%, 2%, 4% and 3% for lowest versus highest education in childhood, respectively) among whites. Findings were less consistent among African-Americans. Adult SES was more strongly associated with inflammation than childhood SES. Individual-level SES measures were more consistently associated with inflammation than neighborhood-level measures. Fibrinogen and WBC showed the most consistent associations with SES; the largest changes in inflammation by SES were observed for CRP. Covariate adjustment strongly attenuated these associations. Mediation of the SES-inflammation associations by BMI, smoking and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) are suggested by these data. Conclusion: Low individual- and neighborhood-level SES in childhood and adulthood are associated with modest increments in adult inflammatory burden. These associations may operate through the influence of low SES on traditional CVD risk factors, especially BMI, smoking and HDL-C.
The effect of parathyroid hormone on technetium-99m pyrophosphate distribution in rats

Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with varying quantities of parathyroid hormone for 1–3 days, then sacrificed at periods ranging from 1–6h after administration of 99mTc-pyrophosphate. Very little increase in bone accumulation of tracer occurred with this treatment. A small, but obvious decrease occurred in the blood levels of 99mTc-pyrophosphate and a smaller and less consistent decrease was affected in the muscle levels of the radiopharmaceutical. The overall result was an improvement in the bone/blood and bone/muscle ratios. It is suggested that the basis of the “supernormal” bone scan of hyperparathyroidism is achieved by this mechanism and that the increased bone uptake of other ions in response to parathyroid hormone is not shared by 99mTc-pyrophosphate.
Some ultrastructural features in the spermatid of pig tail monkey.

In the spermatid of pig tail monkey, a floral body consisted of clusters of tubular elements was found near the acrosomal vesicles. The dimension of this organelle was 1 to 3μ and the diameter of the tubules was approximately 250A. It is possible that this structure may represent a modified Golgi apparatus.The mitochondria were uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm. The center portion of the mitochondria was often free of cristae.