cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ARIES-ST nuclear analysis and shield design

Abstract A power plant design based on the spherical torus (ST) concept has been developed by the ARIES team. This paper documents the results of the nuclear and radiation protection analyses carried out for the ARIES-ST design. The nuclear analysis addresses the key neutronics issues, such as the neutron wall loading profile, radiation damage to structural components and their lifetimes, tritium breeding ratio (TBR), and nuclear heat loads to in-vessel components. The main theme of the shielding analysis is to develop guidance and recommendations on radiation protection for the TF magnet, in particular, the center-post. The need for an inboard shield, the selection of an optimal shield, the rationale for the shielding material choices, and the consequences of the shielding material choices on the overall design are reported herein. During the course of the ARIES-ST study, the design has been analyzed rigorously with a set of 3-D nuclear analyses to guide the developing design. The results of the assessment had a major impact on the design choices. For instance, the insufficient breeding along with other design constraints have ruled out the use of several attractive solid breeder blankets, the excessive neutron damage to the center-post provided strong incentives to shield the center-post, and the high radiation damage to the plasma facing components has limited the service lifetime of the ferritic steel (FS) structure to a few full power years. Furthermore, the high heat load to the inboard shield (400 MW, 10% of thermal power) forced the design to recover the inboard heating as high-grade heat to enhance the power balance. Also, the sensitivity of the outboard-only LiPb breeding blanket to the inboard shielding materials has limited the shielding options and excluded several high performance inboard-shielding materials. The performed analyses and results are reported and discussed in relation to the integrated design and the established top-level requirements for the ARIES power plants.
The effects of vibration-reducing gloves on finger vibration

Abstract Vibration-reducing (VR) gloves have been used to reduce the hand-transmitted vibration exposures from machines and powered hand tools but their effectiveness remains unclear, especially for finger protection. The objectives of this study are to determine whether VR gloves can attenuate the vibration transmitted to the fingers and to enhance the understanding of the mechanisms of how these gloves work. Seven adult male subjects participated in the experiment. The fixed factors evaluated include hand force (four levels), glove condition (gel-filled, air bladder, no gloves), and location of the finger vibration measurement. A 3-D laser vibrometer was used to measure the vibrations on the fingers with and without wearing a glove on a 3-D hand-arm vibration test system. This study finds that the effect of VR gloves on the finger vibration depends on not only the gloves but also their influence on the distribution of the finger contact stiffness and the grip effort. As a result, the gloves increase the vibration in the fingertip area but marginally reduce the vibration in the proximal area at some frequencies below 100 Hz. On average, the gloves reduce the vibration of the entire fingers by less than 3% at frequencies below 80 Hz but increase at frequencies from 80 to 400 Hz. At higher frequencies, the gel-filled glove is more effective at reducing the finger vibration than the air bladder-filled glove. The implications of these findings are discussed. Relevance to industry Prolonged, intensive exposure to hand-transmitted vibration can cause hand-arm vibration syndrome. Vibration-reducing gloves have been used as an alternative approach to reduce the vibration exposure. However, their effectiveness for reducing finger-transmitted vibrations remains unclear. This study enhanced the understanding of the glove effects on finger vibration and provided useful information on the effectiveness of typical VR gloves at reducing the vibration transmitted to the fingers. The new results and knowledge can be used to help select appropriate gloves for the operations of powered hand tools, to help perform risk assessment of the vibration exposure, and to help design better VR gloves.
Continuum Evolution of a System of Agents with Finite Size

Abstract In this paper, considered is the evolution of a multi agent system (MAS) where every agent of the MAS is a ball in R n with radius ɛ. Evolution of the MAS occurs with n+1 agents, called leader agents, moving independently, with rest of the agents of the MAS, called follower agents, updating their positions through communication with n+1 local neighboring agents with weights of communication of follower agents assigned based only on the initial positions of agents of the MAS. When weights of communications are all positive, it is assured that final formation of the MAS is a homogenous transformation of its initial configuration. During transition however, the follower agents will deviate from the state specified by the homogenous transformation. This deviation from the state corresponding to that of the homogenous transformation during transition from the initial configuration to the final configuration can be controlled by imposing a limit on leaders' velocities. This velocity limit depends on (i) the norm of the network matrix (specified based on initial positions of the agents), (ii) maximum allowable deviation from the state of homogenous transformation, and (iii) a control parameter g. Thus, if the velocities of the leader agents don't exceed an assigned maximum value, deviation of followers from the state of homogenous transformation is limited to a maximum value throughout the transient motion.
Comparative investigation of Source Term Estimation algorithms using FUSION field trial 2007 data: linear regression analysis

Given a warning based on detections at a few sensors, it should be useful to rapidly provide an estimate of the location, time of release and amount of material released. Such information could lead to refined predictions of the hazardous area and support follow-on actions to investigate the cause and nature of the hazardous release. In September 2007, a short-range test designed to collect data to support development of prototype Source Term Estimation (STE) algorithms was conducted. A total of eight different STE algorithm developers participated in this exercise and submitted fourteen sets of full and partial predictions. Linear regression analysis considered several variables that might influence results including the number of sensors, the release type, the time of the release, meteorological inputs and the number of sources. The results of these analyses are used to ascertain trends among different sets of STE predictions and are presented here.
From Nursing Home to Green House: Changing Contexts of Elder Care in the United States

This article tracks the changing roles of certified nursing assistants (CNAs) as they transition from a traditional nursing home setting to a “deinstitutionalized” care setting called the Green Hou...
Impact of work environment characteristics on work‐related stress and depression in emergency medicine residents: A longitudinal study

This study examined the effect of work environment characteristics on work-related stress and depression in emergency medicine residents. Data were collected from three cohorts of emergency medicine residents between 1989 and 1991 and followed to 1992. There were 556 first year, 369 second year and 192 third year medical residents in this ongoing study. Each year, residents were administered mail surveys including the Work-Related Strain Inventory, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale and scales assessing task–role clarity and work group support. Regression analyses indicated that work-related stress and first year depression were significant predictors of depression in the second residency year (r2 = 0.32). and In the third residency year, women and those with high work-related stress had more depression (r2 = 0.38). Results also showed that residents with low task–role clarity were most likely to report depression, even when work group support was strong. These findings suggest that task and role conflict and work-related stress contribute to symptoms of depression in emergency medicine residents.
Messages, Micro-targeting, and New Media Technologies

This article argues that new media technologies are likely to elicit changes in the content, tone, and potential electoral impact of those campaign messages micro-targeted through them, with a resulting increase in the level of unaccountable, deceptive, pseudonymous campaigning. Access to data-mined information will increase the likelihood that the candidate with the larger war- chest will gain an advantage by changing the composition of the electorate. In a world of micro-targeted messaging, reporters have greater difficulty holding sponsors accountable and policing deception. The "analytics-based tactical optimization" that David Karpf ties to the "culture of testing" does indeed warrant his conclusion that "We are potentially moving from swing states to swing individuals, employing savvy marketing professionals to attract these persuadables and mobilize these supporters with little semblance of the slow, messy deliberative practices enshrined in our democratic theories." What is missing from his precis of the nature and possible impact of new media technologies on poli- tics, however, is a discussion of their effects on the content, tone, and potential elec- toral impact of the resulting messages. Absent as well is consideration of the role money plays in securing access to these new tactics and culture and of the ways in which imbalances in the funding of opposing campaigns can, as a result, affect elec- tion outcomes by giving one side a mobilizing and messaging edge over the other. Such advantages matter because, as Kenski, Hardy, and Jamieson (2010) confirmed in 2008, micro-targeting and imbalances in spending can shift vote preference. Some of the results of the marriage of money and new media technology are desirable, others less so. Individualized messaging can, for example, be used to ensure that a voter receives an absentee ballot, knows where her polling place is, or is reminded to vote. Because inter-personal appeals increase the likelihood of voting (Rosenstone and Hansen 1993; Green and Gerber 2008), mobilizing messages can affect the proportion of the total ballots cast by supportive groups (in Obama's case in 2008 and 2012, Hispanics and Blacks). Additionally, micro- targeting makes it possible to mobilize one's own supporters without activating those who would cast their vote for the other side.
The Numerical Solution of Problems Which May Have High Frequency Components

This talk surveys the state of the art of methods for solving problems which have the potential for high frequency oscillations. In some cases the oscillatory components can be damped, but in other cases they must be followed. In the latter situation it is sometimes possible to separate the system into fast and slow components. If not, direct methods for nearly periodic solutions can be used.
SAHAD: Subgraph Analysis in Massive Networks Using Hadoop

Relational sub graph analysis, e.g. finding labeled sub graphs in a network, which are isomorphic to a template, is a key problem in many graph related applications. It is computationally challenging for large networks and complex templates. In this paper, we develop SAHAD, an algorithm for relational sub graph analysis using Hadoop, in which the sub graph is in the form of a tree. SAHAD is able to solve a variety of problems closely related with sub graph isomorphism, including counting labeled/unlabeled sub graphs, finding supervised motifs, and computing graph let frequency distribution. We prove that the worst case work complexity for SAHAD is asymptotically very close to that of the best sequential algorithm. On a mid-size cluster with about 40 compute nodes, SAHAD scales to networks with up to 9 million nodes and a quarter billion edges, and templates with up to 12 nodes. To the best of our knowledge, SAHAD is the first such Hadoop based subgraph/subtree analysis algorithm, and performs significantly better than prior approaches for very large graphs and templates. Another unique aspect is that SAHAD is also amenable to running quite easily on Amazon EC2, without needs for any system level optimization.
Subcultural Differences in the Ability to Disembed Package Information

Individual variât ions in the ability of consumers to disembed package information may be the result of a number of factors such as learning, education, social classy and subculture. This study examines subcultural difference in the a-bility to disembed and therefore use package information.
Acute pulmonary embolism: part II: treatment and prophylaxis

Case presentation : A 66-year-old man with a history of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) presented with acute dyspnea. He was normotensive, with a resting tachycardia of 110 beats per minute and an oxygen saturation of 76% on room air. The only electrocardiographic abnormality was sinus tachycardia. His brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and cardiac troponin levels were elevated. Chest computed tomography (CT) with contrast demonstrated a large saddle pulmonary embolus and increased diameter of the right ventricle (RV) compared with the left ventricle (LV). The patient received intravenous bolus followed by continuous infusion unfractionated heparin. Within several hours, the patient became progressively more hypotensive and hypoxemic. Bedside transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) showed RV dilatation and hypokinesis. He then received intravenous fibrinolysis, with rapid improvement in hemodynamics and oxygenation. What were the clues that he was likely to suffer from progressive hypotension and hypoxemia? Pulmonary embolism (PE) represents a spectrum of syndromes ranging from small peripheral emboli causing pleuritic pain to massive PE resulting in cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest. Most patients with PE present with normal blood pressure. However, some may rapidly deteriorate and manifest systemic hypotension, cardiogenic shock, and sudden death despite therapeutic levels of anticoagulation. Risk stratification to identify such patients has emerged as a critical component of care. The history and physical examination provide the starting point for risk stratification. The International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry (ICOPER) identified age >70 years, cancer, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and systolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg as significant predictors of increased mortality.1 Elevated cardiac biomarkers correlate with the presence of RV dysfunction, a powerful independent predictor of early mortality.2 Whereas cardiac troponins are released as a result of microinfarction due to RV pressure overload, BNP is secreted from cardiac myocytes in response to RV shear …
Noise in radio frequency circuits: analysis and design implications

This paper provides an overview of noise analysis techniques and noise models for radio frequency (RF) circuits and the implication of noise constraints on RF circuit design. In order to accurately account for the circuit nonlinearities, the circuit noise sources are modelled as stochastic processes and the circuit equations are solved with these stochastic processes as inputs, using techniques from stochastic calculus. Noise analysis and modelling techniques are presented for both autonomous (oscillatory) and non-autonomous circuits. Using these models, noise analysis of a phase feedback system (phase-locked loop) is also presented. Additionally, design techniques for minimizing noise in these circuits which are based on these analyses are also presented.
Bayesian Estimations of Peak Ground Acceleration and 5% Damped Spectral Acceleration from Modified Mercalli Intensity Data

We describe a new probabilistic method that uses observations of modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) from past earthquakes to make quantitative estimates of ground shaking parameters (i.e., peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, 5% damped spectral acceleration values, etc.). The method uses a Bayesian approach to make quantitative estimates of the probabilities of different levels of ground motions from intensity data given an earthquake of known location and magnitude. The method utilizes probability distributions from an intensity/ground motion data set along with a ground motion attenuation relation to estimate the ground motion from intensity. The ground motions with the highest probabilities are the ones most likely experienced at the site of the MMI observation. We test the method using MMI/ground motion data from California and published ground motion attenuation relations to estimate the ground motions for several earthquakes: 1999 Hector Mine, California (M7.1); 1988 Saguenay, Quebec (M5.9); and 1982 Gaza, New Hampshire (M4.4). In an example where the method is applied to a historic earthquake, we estimate that the peak ground accelerations associated with the 1727 (M;5.2) earthquake at Newbury, Massachusetts, ranged from 0.23 g at Newbury to 0.06 g at Boston. [DOI: 10.1193/1.1596549]
Pseudo-Stabilization of Prolonged Group Actions I. The Order Zero Case

It is shown that every point transformation group whose prolonged orbit dimensions pseudo-stabilize at order 0 is equivalent, under a change of variables, to the elementary similarity group consisting of translations and dilatations. In the study of dierential invariants and symmetry groups of dierential equations, the geometry of the prolonged group actions plays an essential role. The purpose of this paper is to further elucidate one aspect of this geometry, namely to provide a complete characterization of groups which “pseudo-stabilize” at the lowest order. This result will help explain an observation in [5], which was based on Lie’s classification of transformation groups in the plane, [1], [3], that, in the two-dimensional case, there is essentially only one group which has this anomalous behavior. In this paper, this observation will be extended to groups in an arbitrary number of independent and dependent variables. The reader should be familiar with the fundamentals of the Lie theory of prolongation of transformation groups on jet bundles, as presented, for instance, in my books [3], [5]. I shall employ the same basic notation here. Let G be a connected r-dimensional local transformation group acting on an open subset M X ◊ U ’ R p ◊R q of the space (bundle) coordinatized by p independent and q dependent variables. The space of infinitesimal generators of G — its Lie algebra — will be denoted by g. The action of G on the sections u = f(x) of M induces an action of G on the associated n-th order jet bundle J n = J n M, known as the n-th prolonged transformation group, and denoted by G (n) . The generic or maximal dimension of the orbits of G (n) is known as the prolonged orbit dimension (of order n) and denoted by sn. By definition, G (n) acts semi-regularly (meaning all orbits have the same dimension) on the open subset V n J n consisting of all points contained in orbits of maximal dimension.
Quantum theory of amplified spontaneous emission: scaling properties

We formulate a second-quantized theory of propagation in laser-active media and apply it to the description of amplified spontaneous emission for the case of homogeneously broadened three-level atoms in a rodlike geometry with arbitrary Fresnel number. The electromagnetic field is treated in paraxial approximation by an ad hoc quantization scheme, and spontaneous emission into off-axis modes is described by noise operator methods. We show by a scaling (dimensional) analysis how to derive the characteristic fields and lengths for superfluorescence and amplified spontaneous emission. The results show that dye media can be used as experimental analogs for x-ray lasers.
Cell cycle-regulated trafficking of human telomerase to telomeres.

Telomerase synthesizes telomeres at the ends of human chromosomes during S phase. The results presented here suggest that telomerase activity may be regulated by intranuclear trafficking of the key...
Second-class axial-vector current of the nucleon in a relativistic constituent quark model☆

Abstract The nucleon is described as a relativistic three-quark system in light-cone dynamics. One of its three wave function invariants, I 1 , is shown to generate a second-class axial-vector current. When the transverse quark motion is negligible I 1 is not present. For some separable, scalar, three-body confinement interactions the I 1 admixture also remains small.
Presence of an hCG-Like Substance in Non-Pregnant Humans

In 1972, Vaitukaitis and co-workers developed a radioimmunoassay that was relatively specific for hCG. This assay utilized an antiserum generated against the purified beta subunit of hCG, radioiodinated hCG or its beta subunit as a labeled ligand, and a highly purified preparation of hCG as a standard. With this method, serum concentrations of hCG as low as 1 ng (5 mIU)/ml could be measured in the presence of physiologic quantities of luteinizing hormone (LH), including those found during the mid-cycle LH surge in premenopausal women and the large concentrations found in the serum of postmenopausal women (Vaitukaitis et al., 1972). Following the introduction of this assay, a number of investigators examined the sera of patients with a variety of nontrophoblastic neoplasms for the presence of immunoreactive hCG (Braunstein, 1978; Braunstein, 1979). The combined data from all of these studies indicated that immunoreactive hCG is found in the sera of approximately 20% of patients with cancer (Braunstein, 1979).
The Influence of an NCLB Accountability Plan on the Distribution of Student Test Score Gains.

Abstract Previous research on the effect of accountability programs on the distribution of student test score gains is decidedly mixed. This study examines the issue by estimating an educational production function in which test score gains are a function of the incentives schools have to focus instruction on below-proficient students. NCLB's threat of sanctions are positively correlated with test score gains by below-proficient students in failing schools; greater than expected test score gains by below-proficient students do not occur at the expense of high-performing students in failing schools. This pattern of results tends to suggest that failing schools were able to benefit low-performing students in ways that were consistent with having operational slack, and that the threat of sanctions may stimulate greater productivity within failing schools.
Molecular Chaperones and Scavenger Receptors: Binding and Trafficking of Molecular Chaperones by Class F and Class H Scavenger Receptors

Extracellular molecular chaperones bind to a number of receptors including pattern recognition receptors, c-type lectins and scavenger receptor families. We have discussed the properties of two such receptors, the class F scavenger receptor SRECI and class H scavenger receptor stabilin-1. These receptors have, in common, the possession of extracellular domains containing multiple repeats of the EGF-like motif and the ability to bind HSPs. However, their regulatory properties are quite distinct. SRECI is an important receptor in the function of HSP vaccines and is able to mediate binding and endocytosis of HSP-peptide antigen complexes and to facilitate antigen cross presentation to T lymphocytes. Uptake of SRECI involves recruitment of the receptor to lipid raft domains and endocytosis, via the newly characterized GEEC compartment, prior to entry into early endosomes. Stabilin-1, by contrast, is localized largely to intracellular endosomes and the trans Golgi network (TGN). Although Stabilin-1 mediates internalization of HSPs, it does not appear to play an important role in antigen cross presentation and appears to be involved in other processes in response to extracellular molecular chaperones. Stabilin-1 is an unusual receptor in that it can mediate at least three processes in macrophages, including: (1) receptor-mediated endocytosis; (2) trafficking between the TGN and endosomal compartments and; (3) secretion through the lysosomal pathway. Possession of a range of HSP receptors may provide modulated responses to the molecular chaperones and is likely to impact on use of HSP based immunotherapy.
Race and Races: Cases and Resources for a Diverse America, Third Edition - Table of Contents and Introduction

This casebook presents interdisciplinary, critical perspectives on race and racism and covers the roles of law and history in shaping the meanings of race in the United States. Updates the second edition with new material on implicit bias in the workplace; President Obama's election and "post-racialism;" the Voting Rights Act and restrictions on voting; recurring violence against and harassment of Latino immigrants; book-banning in Arizona; demographic changes and their implications; and the future of affirmative action. Includes new cases such as Shelby County v. Holder and Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action, current statistics, and updated references. Features rich historical treatment of major racialized groups in the United States: African Americans, Indians, Latinos/Latinas, Asian Americans, and Whites. Contains chapters on differing implications of enslavement, conquest, colonization, and immigration, as well as on equality, education, freedom of expression, family and sexuality, stereotyping, and crime.
Hysteresis and Methods for Its Measurement in Rubberlike Materials

Abstract After a piece of rubber undergoes a mechanical distortion, it is never the same again. The truth of this statement depends, of course, on the degree of precision and discrimination of the observations. Superficially, and for most most practical purposes, it may appear to be unaltered. The point is that in any deformation of rubber there are always some irreversible processes which lead to the conversion of mechanical energy into heat and to a departure from the behavior of an ideal elastic material. Tests which have been used to evaluate hysteresis loss in rubberlike materials may be classified as follows : 1. Low-speed stress-strain loop. 2. Impact resilience. 3. Free vibration. 4. Forced vibration at resonance. 5. Forced vibration ; nonresonance. We shall first discuss the general principles involved in these different methods of testing and then will describe the experimental procedures and results in more detail. For relatively large, slow deformations, depending on the experimental condition...
Global "omics" evaluation of human placental responses to preeclamptic conditions.

Background Preeclampsia (PE) is a leading cause of maternal death. Its cause is still debated but there is general agreement that the placenta plays a central role. Perhaps the most commonly proposed contributors to PE include placental hypoxia, oxidative stress, and increased proinflammatory cytokines. How the placenta responds to these abnormalities has been considered but not as part of a comprehensive analysis of low-molecular-weight biomolecules and their responses to these accepted PE conditions. Objective Using a peptidomic approach, we sought to identify a set of molecules exhibiting differential expression in consequence of provocative agents/chemical mediators of PE applied to healthy human placental tissue. Study Design Known PE conditions were imposed on normal placental tissue from 13 uncomplicated pregnancies and changes in the low-molecular-weight peptidome were evaluated. A t test was used to identify potential markers for each imposed stress. These markers were then submitted to a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator multinomial logistic regression model to identify signatures specific to each stressor. Estimates of model performance on external data were obtained through internal validation. Results A total of 146 markers were increased/decreased as a consequence of exposure to proposed mediators of PE. Of these 75 changed with hypoxia; 23 with hypoxia-reoxygenation/oxidative stress and 48 from exposure to tumor necrosis factor-α. These markers were chemically characterized using tandem mass spectrometry. Identification rates were: hypoxia, 34%; hypoxia-reoxygenation, 60%; and tumor necrosis factor-α, 50%. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator modeling specified 16 markers that effectively distinguished all groups, ie, the 3 abnormal conditions and control. Bootstrap estimates of misclassification rates, multiclass area under the curve, and Brier score were 0.108, 0.944, and 0.160, respectively. Conclusion Using this approach we found previously unknown molecular changes in response to individual PE conditions that allowed development biomolecular signatures for exposure to each accepted pathogenic condition.
Nurses' Perceptions of Diagnosis and Prognosis-Related Communication: An Integrative Review

Background Disclosure of diagnostic and prognostic information has become the standard in the United States and increasingly around the world. Disclosure is generally identified as the responsibility of the physician. However, nurses are active participants in the process both intentionally and inadvertently. If not included in initial discussions regarding diagnosis and prognosis, the nurse may find it challenging to openly support the patient and family. Objective The aim of this study is to synthesize published literature regarding nurses' perceptions and experiences with diagnosis and prognosis-related communication. Methods The Whittemore and Knafl method guided the integrative review process. Electronic databases including Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Health Sciences in ProQuest, PubMed, and Web of Science were used to review the literature from 2000 to 2015. Constant comparison methods were used to analyze the data and develop themes. Results Thirty articles met all of the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Several themes emerged from the data, including the nurse's role in the process of diagnosis and prognosis-related communication, barriers and difficulties related to communication, and positive and negative outcomes. Conclusions Nurses play an integral role in the process of diagnostic and prognostic disclosure. Further exploration of both physician and patient perceptions of the nurse's role are needed. Interprofessional training regarding diagnosis and prognosis-related communication is essential to promote collaboration and better empower nurses in this process. Implications for practice Nurses should aim to purposefully partner with physician colleagues to plan and participate in diagnostic and prognostic discussions. Nurses should identify opportunities to improve their knowledge, understanding, and comfort with challenging conversations.
Determining Reference Ranges by Linear Analysis

Because many common diseases are asymptomatic in their early stages, people who don’t have symptoms are not necessarily healthy. Reference ranges based on asymptomatic subjects can be misleading. To avoid assumptions about subjects’ health, we defined reference ranges in terms of a linear relationship between values and percentiles. For any given reference population specified solely by objective criteria, such as age and sex, we calculated values at each percentile and constructed the least squares regression line with 95% confidence limits through all the data. We excluded extreme values beyond the confidence limits. Unexcluded values constituted the reference range. According to our method, values are typical or atypical based on whether they obey a linear relationship with percentiles. This simple method applies to many unimodal frequency distributions.
Exploration and Practice of Course Reform of Chinese Medicine

This article analyzes the characteristics of the Chinese Medicine treatment. It dwells on the important of raising student's innovative ideology and practical ability of effecting knowledge in the Chinese Medicine treatment teaching. And it dwells on the reform and practice of the Chinese Medicine treatment teaching further. In the schooling for improving the teaching effectiveness and learning quality,thus training more talents to meet to the requirements of personnel development,colleges should mobilize students' learning initiative full and continually innovate teaching method and experimental method.
The Yin and Yang of Codon Usage

The genetic code is degenerate. With the exception of two amino acids (Met and Trp), all other amino acid residues are each encoded by multiple, so-called synonymous codons. Synonymous codons were initially presumed to have entirely equivalent functions, however, the finding that synonymous codons are not present at equal frequencies in genes/genomes suggested that codon choice might have functional implications beyond amino acid coding. The pattern of non-uniform codon use (known as codon usage bias) varies between organisms and represents a unique feature of an organism. Organism-specific codon choice is related to organism-specific differences in populations of cognate tRNAs. This implies that, in a given organism, frequently used codons will be translated more rapidly than infrequently used ones and vice versa A theory of codon-tRNA co-evolution (necessary to balance accurate and efficient protein production) was put forward to explain the existence of codon usage bias. This model suggests that selection favours preferred (frequent) over un-preferred (rare) codons in order to sustain efficient protein production in cells and that a given un-preferred codon will have the same effect on an organism's fitness regardless of its position within an mRNA's open reading frame. However, many recent studies refute this prediction. Un-preferred codons have been found to have important functional roles and their effects appeared to be position-dependent. Synonymous codon usage affects the efficiency/stringency of mRNA decoding, mRNA biogenesis/stability, and protein secretion and folding. This review summarizes recent developments in the field that have identified novel functions of synonymous codons and their usage.
Estenosis aórtica severa en paciente con Síndrome de Alagille

Una mujer de 21 anos portadora de Sindrome de Alagille debuto con disnea progresiva, palpitaciones y dolor toracico. Se excluyo la presencia de sindrome coronario agudo y de tromboembolismo pulmonar. Un test de marcha fue severamente limitado por disnea. La ecocardiografia doppler color mostro una valvula aortica bicuspide severamente estenotica. Se efectuo un reemplazo valvular aortico con protesis mecanica con buena evolucion.
Fault slip rates and earthquake histories for active faults in southern California

Abstract Within the context of the historical record of seismicity, we review the geological data bearing on the Quaternary slip rates and paleoearthquake histories of active faults in southern California.
Protein–Nanoparticle Hydrogels That Self-assemble in Response to Peptide-Based Molecular Recognition

Recently, supramolecular hydrogels assembled through nonspecific interactions between polymers and nanoparticles (termed PNP systems) were reported to have rapid shear-thinning and self-healing properties amenable for cell-delivery applications in regenerative medicine. Here, we introduce protein engineering concepts into the design of a new family of PNP hydrogels to enable direct control over the polymer–nanoparticle interactions using peptide-based molecular recognition motifs. Specifically, we have designed a bifunctional peptide that induces supramolecular hydrogel assembly between hydroxy apatite nanoparticles and an engineered, recombinant protein. We demonstrate that this supramolecular assembly critically requires molecular recognition, as no assembly is observed in the presence of control peptides with a scrambled amino acid sequence. Titration of the bifunctional peptide enables direct control over the number of physical cross-links within the system and hence the resulting hydrogel mechanical ...
Angiopoietin expression in multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma demonstrates a progressive, and usually fatal, course, with current treatments generally producing only temporary remissions. Antiangiogenic therapies represent a potential new approach to treating this cancer. While it is well established that growth in solid tumors is dependent on
CD8+ T Cells Contribute to the Development of Coronary Arteritis in the Lactobacillus casei Cell Wall Extract-Induced Murine Model of Kawasaki Disease.

Objective Kawasaki disease (KD) is the leading cause of acquired heart disease among children in developed countries. Coronary lesions in KD in humans are characterized by an increased presence of infiltrating CD3+ T cells; however, the specific contributions of the different T cell subpopulations in coronary arteritis development remain unknown. Therefore, we sought to investigate the function of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, Treg cells, and natural killer (NK) T cells in the pathogenesis of KD. Methods We addressed the function of T cell subsets in KD development by using a well-established murine model of Lactobacillus casei cell wall extract (LCWE)–induced KD vasculitis. We determined which T cell subsets were required for development of KD vasculitis by using several knockout murine strains and depleting monoclonal antibodies. Results LCWE-injected mice developed coronary lesions characterized by the presence of inflammatory cell infiltrates. Frequently, this chronic inflammation resulted in complete occlusion of the coronary arteries due to luminal myofibroblast proliferation (LMP) as well as the development of coronary arteritis and aortitis. We found that CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ T cells, NK T cells, or Treg cells, were required for development of KD vasculitis. Conclusion The LCWE-induced murine model of KD vasculitis mimics many histologic features of the disease in humans, such as the presence of CD8+ T cells and LMP in coronary artery lesions as well as epicardial coronary arteritis. Moreover, CD8+ T cells functionally contribute to the development of KD vasculitis in this murine model. Therapeutic strategies targeting infiltrating CD8+ T cells might be useful in the management of KD in humans.
Specific glucocorticoid-binding macromolecules from mouse fibroblasts growing in vitro. A possible steroid receptor for growth inhibition.

Mouse fibroblasts growing in vitro (L cells) contain a binding component for triamcinolone acetonide which is apparently distributed intracellularly, largely as a cytoplasmic soluble macromolecule. The structure-activity relationships of steroids active in growth inhibition are exactly paralleled by their ability to displace 3H-triamcinolone acetonide from this binding component. The binding component is saturated between 10-8 and 5 x 10-8 M triamcinolone acetonide. The macromolecules bind unchanged triamcinolone acetonide noncovalently, and the steroid is released from binding by brief digestion with a proteolytic enzyme. Cells which are resistant to glucocorticoids bind much less triamcinolone acetonide in a specific manner (i.e., displaceable by glucocorticoids) than do sensitive cells. The binding component therefore satisfies many of the rigorous criteria necessary for assignment as a "receptor" for the growth-inhibitory action of glucocorticoids on mouse fibroblasts. In addition, triamcinolone acetonide bound to the 105,000 x g supernatant fraction remains bound under conditions of frozen storage for at least 1 month.
An Analysis of the Aims of Physical Education

(1926). An Analysis of the Aims of Physical Education. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 592-595.
Quantifying the Changeable Self: The Role of Self-Tracking in Coming to Terms With and Managing Bipolar Disorder

There has been a recent increase in the development of digital self-tracking tools for managing mental illness. Most of these tools originate from clinical practice and are, as a result, largely cl...
PROTEINS AND PROTEIN ASSEMBLIES

Publisher Summary The ultimate goal of subcellular fractionation and biochemical purification is to understand the relationships between structure and function of proteins and protein assemblies. To achieve such goals, methods for isolating proteins and protein assemblies must preserve both, structural integrity and biological activity. A variety of proteins and protein assemblies have been isolated and purified from Caenorhabditis elegans. Enzymes such as isocitrate lyase, RNA polymerase, and cathepsin D have been isolated and purified as catalytically active species. Proteins involved in cell motility and the cytoskeleton such as actin, tubulin, myosin, troponin, and tropomyosin have been purified, and shown to exhibit biologically specific interactions. Transcriptionally active nuclei, respiring mitochondria and ATP-sensitive thick and thin myofilaments have been isolated at various levels of purity. The chapter describes the fractionation and isolation of cell constituent. Three major sources of constituents are considered: organelles, cytosol, and the cytoskeleton. For such constituent structures, two methods of homogenization have proved most useful: the French press and the combination of cryostat sectioning and the handheld Dounce glass homogenizer.
Cooperating Commensals Restore Colonization Resistance to Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium

Antibiotic-mediated microbiota destruction and the consequent loss of colonization resistance can result in intestinal domination with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), leading to bloodstream infection in hospitalized patients. Clearance of VRE remains a challenging goal that, if achieved, would reduce systemic VRE infections and patient-to-patient transmission. Although obligate anaerobic commensal bacteria have been associated with colonization resistance to VRE, the specific bacterial species involved remain undefined. Herein, we demonstrate that a precisely defined consortium of commensal bacteria containing the Clostridium cluster XIVa species Blautia producta and Clostridium bolteae restores colonization resistance against VRE and clears VRE from the intestines of mice. While C. bolteae did not directly mediate VRE clearance, it enabled intestinal colonization with B. producta, which directly inhibited VRE growth. These findings suggest that therapeutic or prophylactic administration of defined bacterial consortia to individuals with compromised microbiota composition may reduce inter-patient transmission and intra-patient dissemination of highly antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
Recent advances in oxidative valorization of lignin

Abstract Lignin, an aromatic macromolecule synthesized by all higher plants, is one of the most intriguing natural materials for utilization across a wide range of applications. Depolymerization and fragmentation of lignin into small chemicals constituents which can either replace current market products or be used building blocks for new material synthesis is a focus of current lignin valorization strategies. Among the variety of lignin degradation chemistries, catalytic oxidation of lignin presents an energy efficient means of lignin depolymerization and generating selective reaction products. This review provides a summary of the recent advancements in oxidative lignin valorization couched in a discussion on how these chemistries may contribute to the degradation of the lignin macromolecule through three major approaches: 1) inter-unit linkages cleavage; 2) propanyl side-chain oxidative modification; and 3) oxidation of the aromatic ring and ring cleavage reactions.
Systems Design, Modeling, and Simulation in Medicine

Health care is changing at a very rapid pace. So does its attendant complexity and ever increasing reliance on high technology support. Technical medicine, where sophisticated, technology-based methods are used in education of healthcare professionals and in treatment of patients, is becoming a recognized discipline. Such methods require a new generation of engineers, scientists, systems designers, and physicians to integrate medical and technical domains. With this in mind, this chapter provides an overview of modeling and simulation technologies as applied to healthcare. A historical perspective is given followed by the discussion of how simulation helps in gaining professional competency and how it improves healthcare outcomes. Systems for support of medical training and clinical practice are discussed from both engineering and clinical perspectives. Challenges and opportunities for further development of complex simulation-based medical trainers are presented as well.
Glaubwürdigkeitsinseln im Netz. Die Migration klassischer Medien auf digitale Plattformen

Die Menschheitsgeschichte spielte haufig genug in der Falscherwerkstatt. Kleine Scharmutzel wurden zu grosen Schlachten, Verlierertypen zu Helden hoch stilisiert. Als Otto von Bismarck, um Napoleon III. 1870 zur Kriegserklarung zu zwingen, mit einigen Federstrichen aus einem chiffrierten Telegramm seine beruhmte „Emser Depesche“ zusammenbastelte, brauchte er noch schwarze Tinte und Kanzleipapier. Heute wurde Otto an seinem PC ein paar Satze loschen, ein paar Worter hinzufugen und das Machwerk durchs Internet jagen. Falschen leicht gemacht — hatte der Reichsfuhrer SS schon 1939 uber ein virtuelles Studio und die entsprechende Software verfugt, ware der morderische Aufwand fur den fingierten Uberfall auf den Sender Gleiwitz entfallen. Polnische Armeeuniformen, das Einstudieren polnischer Lieder, die Erschiesung von KZ-Haftlingen, die dann als getotete Insurgenten ausgegeben wurden — all dies hatte sich am PC in ein paar Stunden fabrizieren und propagandistisch ausschlachten lassen.
Nutritional and mineral composition of selected green leafy vegetables

Green Leafy Vegetables (GLV) is essential for healthy life. The analysis of nutritional composition and some essential major elements such as calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium of the leaves of Cardiospermum halicacabum, Premna latifolia, Delonix elata, Argyreia pomacea, Mollugo pentaphylla and Pisonia grandis were carried out using standard methods. The results ranged as follows; moisture (62.86 ±2.55 - 77.80 ±3.27%), ash (7.33 ± 0.38 - 12.49 ±0.22 %), fat (2.18 ±0.09 - 4.75 ±0.22 %), fiber (7.88 ±0.61 - 15.30 ±0.59 %), protein (0.53 ±0.04 -3.52 ±0.06 %) and carbohydrate (0.89 ±0.09 - 5.65 ±0.11%). Vitamin C content was determined using a well-established 2, 4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine method (DNPH). Vitamin C content of GLVs ranged from 134.50 ±2.61 mg/100g for D. elata to 12.43 ±3.44 mg/100g for A. pomacea. Total phenolic content was in the range of 4.28 ±1.2mg GAE/100g for M. pentaphylla and 46.07 ±3.42 mg GAE/100g for D. elata. The mineral elements were ranged as follows: Sodium (116.4 ±3.8 - 190.2 ±2.6 mg/100g), potassium (94.5 ±2.9 - 127.3 ±2.4 mg/100g), calcium (84.9 ±2.2 - 272.6 ±2.8mg/100g) and magnesium (28.3 ±2.5 - 103.6 ±4.2 mg/100g). The results suggest that the green leafy vegetables contain considerable amount of essential micronutrients in addition to the presence of high amounts of vitamin C. The results also indicate that the high intake of GLVs could provide nutritional requirements necessary for the normal growth thus giving adequate protection against diseases arising from malnutrition.
Restricted Boltzmann Machines

When it comes to practical aspects of training RBMs, “A Practical Guide to Training Restricted Boltzmann Machines” by Geoffrey Hinton (2010) can’t be beat. Also, the numerous technical papers by Geoffrey Hinton cover specific aspects of RMBs in glorious detail. Finally, deeplearning.net is an incredible resource. Because of this wealth of material, I will avoid unnecessary duplication. This chapter will be limited to an outline of the essentials of RBMs, in other words, the information necessary to understand and use the programs presented here.
Developmental Disorders and Medical Complications Among Infants with Subclinical Intrauterine Opioid Exposures.

Abstract The objective was to compare diagnosis rates representing developmental outcomes and medical complications between infants with intrauterine opioid exposures who did not receive pharmacolo...