cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The importance of place in community radio broadcasting: a case study of WDVX, Knoxville, Tennessee

Listening to radio programs was once a family/community event that connected listeners to both place and time. Today, amidst marketing concerns and Top 40 hits, commercial radio has become a placeless medium. Similar music and programs can be heard nationwide, often free of references to the location of their broadcast. One exception to this form of cultural homogenization is community radio. Unlike commercial radio, community radio stations try to distinguish themselves by incorporating aspects of their location and the listening community into their broadcasts. This study uses the community radio station WDVX in Knoxville, Tennessee, as an exemplar for understanding the importance of place. Using key theories on place creation, I argue that WDVX is more than just an FM frequency, but rather a meaningful place to station personnel and the listening community. Through qualitative interviews and observations, I show that WDVX has created a sense of place through the unique sound associated with the space t...
Risk factors for failure of endoscopic third ventriculostomy for obstructive hydrocephalus

Objective This is a retrospective study to identify risk factors for failure in the treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus with endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). Methods The records for 89 patients, including 32 with ventriculoperitoneal or ventriculoatrial shunt malfunctions or infections, who underwent ETVs between 1993 and 1998, at our institution, were examined. Multiple variables possibly related to failure were considered. These included age, sex, cause of hydrocephalus, presence and function of ventriculoperitoneal/ventriculoatrial shunts, history of shunt revisions or infections, symptoms, preoperative imaging results, presence of retained shunt catheters, postoperative meningitis, and postoperative ventricular size. Results Twenty-nine patients (32.6%) required subsequent shunt replacement and/or ETV revision. Of these 29 reoperations, 12 procedures (41.4%) were performed within 2 weeks and only 3 were performed more than 10 months after the initial ETV procedure. The ventricular size remained unchanged in 75% of the cases on the day after ETV, in 57.4% at 3 months, in 48.2% at 6 months, and in 41.8% at 1 year. Cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging findings were consistent with postoperative symptomatic resolution in 96.3% of the cases. Seven patients (7.9%) experienced complications related to ETV, all of which were transient. Significant risk factors in univariate analyses were as follows: presence of Chiari Type I malformation (P = 0.003), shunt infection at presentation (P = 0.014), history of shunt infections (P = 0.0004), three or more previous shunt revisions (P = 0.0018), and postoperative meningitis (P = 0.0001). Late-onset idiopathic aqueductal stenosis was a significant predictor of good outcomes (P = 0.044). These factors were reanalyzed in a multivariate analysis, which confirmed a history of shunt infections and postoperative meningitis as independent risk factors. Conclusion The risk of failure increases with intracerebral infection, likely because of obliteration of cerebrospinal fluid pathways.
Interfacial displacements in multilayers with similar lattices

Abstract A model is proposed to study atomic displacements at interfaces of multilayer structures. The theory takes into account the discrete nature of the lattice, the characteristics of the phonon spectrum (Born-von Karman Matrix), the profile of the multilayer structure, and the ability of a solute atom to distort the host lattice (Kanzaki forces). Application of the model on Au-Ni nanoscale multilayers shows large inhomogeneous displacements near the interfaces and the existence of interface interference relaxation phenomena.
Baculovirus expression of the maize mitochondrial protein URF13 confers insecticidal activity in cell cultures and larvae.

Abstract The URF13 protein, which is encoded by the mitochondrial gene T-urf13, is responsible for cytoplasmic male sterility and pathotoxin sensitivity in the Texas male-sterile cytoplasm (cms-T) of maize. Mitochondrial sensitivity to two host-specific fungal toxins (T toxins) is mediated by the interaction of URF13 and T toxins to form pores in the inner mitochondrial membrane. A carbamate insecticide, methomyl, mimics the effects of T toxins on isolated cms-T mitochondria. URF13 was expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda (fall army-worm) cells (Sf9) in culture and in Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) larvae with a baculovirus vector. In insect cells, URF13 forms oligomeric structures in the membrane and confers T toxin or methomyl sensitivity. Adding T toxin or methomyl to Sf9 cells producing URF13 causes permeabilization of plasma membranes. In addition, URF13 is toxic to insect cells grown in culture without T toxins or methomyl; even a T-toxin-insensitive mutant form of URF13 is lethal to cell cultures. Baculoviruses expressing URF13 are lethal to T. ni larvae, at times postinjection comparable to those obtained by injecting a baculovirus expressing an insect neurotoxin. This result suggests that URF13 could be useful as a biological control agent for insect pests. Our data indicate that URF13 has two independent mechanisms for toxicity, one that is mediated by T toxin and methomyl and one that is independent of these toxins. Similarly, male sterility and toxin sensitivity in cms-T maize may be due to independent mechanisms.
Cell lineage allocation in equine blastocysts produced in vitro under varying glucose concentrations

Equine embryos develop in vitro in the presence of high glucose concentrations, but little is known about their requirements for development. We evaluated the effect of glucose concentrations in medium on blastocyst development after ICSI. In experiment 1, there were no significant differences in rates of blastocyst formation among embryos cultured in our standard medium (DMEM/F-12), which contained >16 mM glucose, and those cultured in a minimal-glucose embryo culture medium (<1 mM; Global medium, GB), with either 0 added glucose for the first 5 days, then 20 mM (0-20) or 20 mM for the entire culture period (20-20). In experiment 2, there were no significant differences in the rates of blastocyst development (31-46%) for embryos cultured in four glucose treatments in GB (0-10, 0-20, 5-10, or 5-20). Blastocysts were evaluated by immunofluorescence for lineage-specific markers. All cells stained positively for POU5F1. An inner cluster of cells was identified that included presumptive primitive endoderm cells (GATA6-positive) and presumptive epiblast (EPI) cells. The 5-20 treatment resulted in a significantly lower number of presumptive EPI-lineage cells than the 0-20 treatment did. GATA6-positive cells appeared to be allocated to the primitive endoderm independent of the formation of an inner cell mass, as was previously hypothesized for equine embryos. These data demonstrate that equine blastocyst development is not dependent on high glucose concentrations during early culture; rather, environmental glucose may affect cell allocation. They also present the first analysis of cell lineage allocation in in vitro-fertilized equine blastocysts. These findings expand our understanding of the factors that affect embryo development in the horse.
Pain, problem drug use history, and aberrant analgesic use behaviors in persons living with HIV.

Abstract Little is known about the relationship between pain and aberrant use of prescription analgesics in persons living with HIV. We examined the predictive and concurrent associations among pain, aberrant use of opioids, and problem drug use history in a nationally representative longitudinal sample of 2267 HIV+ persons. Covariance structure analyses tested a conceptual model wherein HIV+ patients with a history of problematic drug use ( n = 870), compared to those without such history ( n = 1397), were hypothesized to report more pain and aberrant opioid use, as well as use of opioids specifically for pain at baseline and 6- and 12-month follow-ups, after controlling for key sociodemographic characteristics. In support of the hypothesized model, patients with a history of problematic drug use reported more pain, and were more likely to report aberrant use of prescription analgesics, as well as use of such medications specifically for pain, compared to patients without such history. We also found a trend toward greater stability of aberrant opioid use over time in problem drug users compared with non-problem users suggesting a persistent pattern of inappropriate medication use in the former group. Our findings suggest that even though HIV+ persons with a history of problematic drug use report on-going patterns of using prescription analgesics specifically for pain, these patients continued to experience persistently higher levels of pain, relative to non-problem users. Among non-problem users, pain was not linked to aberrant use of opioids, but was linked to the use of such medications specifically for pain.
Practical Joking and Cingulate Cortex: A Standardized Low-Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (sLORETA) Investigation of Practical Joking in the Cerebral Volume

ABSTRACT Background. This study investigated differences between brain regions during the evaluation of self-attitude toward practical joking and the evaluation of practical jokes utilizing standardized low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA). Method. Four male and 8 female nonclinical university students (M age = 22.6 years) completed a Likert scale evaluating their perception of pranking behavior (LK) and rated pranks as good or bad (HE) while undergoing electroencephalographic (EEG) recording. The subjective scale and evaluation responses were recorded within the EEG record, extracted, and compared for significance. Results. The sLORETA comparisons show significant differences between the judgments about practical jokes (LK) and the evaluation of practical jokes in written form (HE). The evaluation of practical joking appears to increase activation in the anterior and posterior cingulate gyrus. Both conditions show significant difference as compared to eyes-opened baseline. Conclusions. The...
Microvascular Coronary Dysfunction in a Woman With Signs and Symptoms of Myocardial Ischemia but No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease

Women with signs and symptoms of myocardial ischemia often have no obstructive coronary artery disease by invasive coronary angiography when compared to men. Microvascular coronary dysfunction (MCD) is thought to be a key contributory mechanism for myocardial ischemia in women with chest pain and no obstructive CAD. We report a case of a 53-year-old post-menopausal female with hyperlipidemia evaluated for persistent chest pain following a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and no obstructive CAD by coronary angiography. Vital signs and physical examination were within normal limits. Prior EKG showed diffuse abnormal T wave inversion and flattening in anterior and inferior leads. Echocardiography demonstrated an ejection fraction of 72% with no regional wall motion abnormalities. Laboratory values revealed a positive heterozygote factor V Leiden mutation. Given the constellation of persistent chest pain, no obstructive CAD, and prior NSTEMI, a diagnosis of MCD was suspected and she underwent coronary reactivity testing (CRT) with intracoronary infusions of adenosine, acetylcholine, and nitroglycerin to test non-endothelial and endothelial dependent, micro- and macrovascular coronary function. CRT results were consistent with a diagnosis of MCD. A statin and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor was added to her existing treatment of beta-blocker and nitrates. Additionally, she was started on warfarin therapy due to a positive factor V Leiden in the setting of prior NSTEMI. Her symptoms improved at one-month follow-up and she is currently asymptomatic by self- report. In women with signs and symptoms of myocardial ischemia and no obstructive CAD, it is important to identify and diagnose MCD, as inadequate diagnosis is associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. Identification of MCD and clinical awareness are vital for optimal medical therapy and reduced CVD risk. Clinical trials testing efficacy of traditional and novel interventions are needed in MCD populations. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4021/jmc1048w
Excitability characteristics of the A- and C-fibers in a peripheral nerve

Abstract The saphenous nerve of the cat was stimulated with square pulses, triangle waves, sine waves, and haversine waves of varying intensities and durations. We found that haversine waves, with the anode proximal to the cathode in relation to the recording electrode, were most effective in producing “break” responses. At a given intensity and duration of the haversine waves for stimulation, only the response of C-fibers in the nerve was recorded. The strength/duration curves show that the rheobase of the C-fibers was 0.033 ma; and of the A-fibers, 0.0166 ma. The C-fibers had a chronaxy of 1.5 msec; the A-delta fibers, 0.45 msec; and the A-beta fibers, 0.020 msec. The average conduction velocity of the C-fibers was 0.92 m/sec; of the A-delta fibers, 11.2 meters per second; and of the A-beta fibers, 85.8 m/sec. The temperature of the nerves in the experiment was 29–30 C.
Differential Effects of Anticoagulants on the Activation of Platelets Ex Vivo

Background Because activation of platelets and of the coagulation system are interdependent mediators of thrombosis, platelet activation was characterized in whole blood in the presence of anticoagulants used to assess platelet function in vitro or as treatment for patients with occlusive arterial disease. Methods and Results Blood was anticoagulated alone or in combination with citrate, ethylenediaminetetraacetatic acid, corn trypsin inhibitor (CTI, an inhibitor of activated factor XII), heparin, enoxaparin, recombinant tick anticoagulant peptide (rTAP), or recombinant hirudin. Platelet activation in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or collagen was detected by assay of P-selectin on the platelet surface delineated by flow cytometry. Although minimal activation was seen without ADP, the fraction of platelets expressing P-selectin in response to ADP was greatest in blood anticoagulated with citrate compared with CTI and all other anticoagulants. ADP-induced platelet activation was greater in blood a...
Supporting maybe algebra in the Associative Search Language Machine (ASLM)

Changes in the user population continues the trend to more simplicity for the user and increased sophistication of the computer systems. In addition, advances in data storage technology have enforced the growth and creation of incomplete data files. A growing number of users require information from the database which cannot be obtained through the operators found in traditional query languages. Such needs have increased the expectation that a system should be able to assist the user in gathering and interpreting the appropriate data. The recent discussion of null values and maybe algebra is an attempt in this direction. However, the current literature has not addressed the practical issues of such theoretical concepts. This presentation examines the inclusion of the maybe algebra operators in a database machine. In addition, modifications designed to increase the time and space efficiency of the maybe algebra operators as well as the quality of the results are discussed.
The Influence of Cytokines on the Adhesion of Renal Cancer Cells to Endothelium

AbstractPurpose: The development of tumor metastasis requires direct adhesive interactions between tumor cells and vascular endothelium. We examined the adherence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) lines to endothelium after stimulation with different cytokines that include expression of the vascular adhesion molecules endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule (ELAM)-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1.Materials and Methods: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were used to determine the adhesion of the RCC lines CCF-RC1, 2 and 7 to endothelium. Expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAM) on HUVEC and RCC lines was measured with immunoflowcytometry.Results: Stimulation of HUVEC with rIl-1 beta, rTNF-alpha, or PMA resulted in a time-dependent 1.4- to 2.9-fold increase of RCC adhesion to HUVEC. Significant increased tumor cell binding was observed after 4 hours and paralleled the time-dependent induction of ELAM-1 and VCAM-1. Immunocytometry demonstrat...
Pelvic exenteration for carcinoma of the colon and rectum.

Carcinoma of the colon and rectum is one of the most common causes of cancer deaths in the United States. The mortality of patients treated by surgery alone is 55% within 5 years of surgery. Despite efforts to decrease local recurrence and their concomitant problems of pain and disability, a significant number of patients will still have pelvic recurrences that carry a significant morbidity. In selected cases, pelvic exenteration may cure or provide palliation of the symptoms of colorectal carcinoma. Pre-operative evaluation is performed to detect signs of unresectability. During surgery, exploration is performed for evidence of metastases to the liver, omentum, and peritoneum, followed by an assessment of the local extent of the tumor. The margins of resection must be clear even if resection of contiguous organs or bony structures is necessary. The urinary tract is resected with an ileal loop, sigmoid or transverse colon conduits, or continent urinary diversion. Depending upon the involvement of neighboring structures, exenterative pelvic surgery can be modified for organ preservation. Semin. Surg. Oncol. 17:206–212, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A two-dimensional mesoscale numerical model of an urban mixed layer—I. Model formulation, surface energy budget, and mixed layer dynamics

Abstract A two-dimensional, numerical urban mixed layer model, which takes into account differences between the urban and the rural surfaces, as well as roughness and topographical variations over the model domain, is developed. The various land use types over the metropolitan area are specified by different proportions of concrete and grassy soil surfaces. Thermal characteristics of the vegetated soil surface are parameterized in terms of the surface soil moisture content. Distinct differences in the diurnal patterns of urban and rural surface energy budgets, which are found in some observational studies, are also obtained in some of our model case studies. Dynamics of the dome-shaped urban mixed layer is studied for the case of the stationary balanced wind. The balanced wind flow simulation can explain some of the important flow perturbations due to the urban heat island and increased roughness of the urban area.
The inhibition of yeast enolase by Li+ and Na+

The activity of yeast enolase is inhibited by Li+ and Na+. At pH 7.1, inhibition by Li+ is "mixed" with respect to Mg2+; both Vmax and Km (Mg2+) are increased by Li+. The inhibition by Li+ appears to be partial, indicating that enzyme with Li+ bound is active. The step inhibited by Li+ cannot be proton abstraction since Li+ decreases the kinetic isotope effect on Vmax. At pH 9.2, where proton abstraction is no longer partially rate-limiting, inhibiton by Li+ is competitive with respect to Mg2+. The rate of enzyme-catalyzed exchange of the C-2 hydrogen with solvent is not affected by Li+. We interpret these results as follows: Li+ (and Na+) binds to enolase and decreases the rate of at least one step in the mechanism. At pH 7.1, this step is partially rate-limiting; at pH 9.2, this step is a fast step in the reaction. The step inhibited by Li+ cannot be proton abstraction but may be release of product (phosphoenol pyruvate) or Mg2+.
Parental Reactions to Their Child's Sexual Orientation Disclosure: A Family Stress Perspective

SYNOPSIS Existing theories of child and family development have rarely been applied to the families of same-sex-attracted young people. This review employs family stress theory as a framework to understand parental reactions to their child's sexual orientation disclosure and the impact of parental reactions on child and family development. Empirical evidence is reviewed to support the notion that parental reactions may depend on (1) the availability of family-based resources to manage the stress, (2) the meaning attributed to the stressful event, and (3) the pileup of co-occurring stressors taxing a family's coping resources. Empirical links between parental reactions and child outcomes are also discussed. There is need for research on individual, dyadic, and family factors that influence parental responses to their child's same-sex attractions.
Interactive software development for complex embedded systems

Abstract This note is on software engineering aspects of a new approach to programming embedded systems used in the author's Fifth programming environment. The difficult and costly standard setup of cross compilers and emulators etc. is replaced by an interactive compiler that automatically downloads code and issues remote function calls to invoke individual building blocks of a program for testing inside the target system. While the earlier applications of Fifth were mostly concerned with realtime programming of relatively simple applications on single microprocessor targets, more recently, some complex applications on multiprocessor targets have been made. These applications also impose software engineering issues not automatically resolved by the shortcut in program testing through interactivity, and this note reports on some of the experiences gained. The interactive approach does not exclude any common software engineering methods used for handling larger applications and provides sufficient testing capabilities to make them work. Moreover, when heterogeneous multiprocessor targets are to be supported or extended testing in the field is needed, the Fifth approach appears to be superior to the standard methods.
Analysis of individual platelet-derived microparticles, comparing flow cytometry and capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection

Platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) formed by vesiculation during platelet activation seem to play a role in blood coagulation and in pathological disease states. Flow cytometry is currently the gold standard to characterize platelets and PMPs. Using this technique we distinguished between platelets and PMPs based on size and the presence of phosphatidyl serine (PS); PMPs were arbitrarily defined to be smaller than one micrometer and capable of forming a stable complex with fluorescently-labeled Annexin V, a protein that forms a calcium-dependent complex with PS. Further confirmation of PMP and platelet identity was done by use of fluorescently-labeled antibodies against CD41a, a glycoprotein found on the surface of both platelets and PMPs. In this report we also introduce the use of capillary electrophoresis with post-column laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF) for the analysis of fluorescently labeled platelets and PMPs. While both flow cytometry and CE-LIF can measure individual fluorescent events, only CE-LIF allowed us to calculate individual electrophoretic mobilities of activated platelets and PMPs that were then represented as distributions. A comparison between distributions suggests that PMPs have less negative mobilities. The fact that activated platelet preparations include PMPs partially obscure the interpretation of the data. While PMP and platelet number ml(-1) determined by flow cytometry is lower than the same parameter determined by CE-LIF, signal-to-noise ratio was 20 fold better for flow cytometry than for CE-LIF. This is the first time that a direct comparison between these two techniques is reported.
Breccias, Mudflows, Turbidites, Fossil Soils, or Transposition Structures? A Case Study from Eocene Green River Formation, Wyoming: ABSTRACT

Sedimentary structures in carbonate micrite sediments of the Green River Formation (Eocene) have been interpreted as breccias, mudflows, turbidites, or fossil soils. After careful study of these sediments and their vertical and lateral associations, they are actually seen to be transposition structures that result from intrastratal viscous or hydroplastic flow. Some of the features that are associated with the soft-sediment deformation include microfaults, microfolding, flair structures, ball-and-pillow type structures, lense- and tear-shaped intraclasts, lineated intraclasts, unusually shaped intraclasts, "roof-pendant" intraclasts, and "fluidized" sediment. When deformed units are traced laterally for even small distances (< 1 m) they may grade into undeformed units. Many units form boudinage structures and completely disappear laterally for short distances. Discontinuous "breccias" can be traced laterally or vertically in many instances to intact, undisturbed sedimentary units. Vertical associations are large-scale arcuate or fold structures (wavelengths 3 to 4 m), soft-sediment injection features, and mudcracks up to 2 m deep. This case study points out the necessity of caution when interpreting carbonate micrite sediments that contain intraclasts that may at first appear diagnostic of primary breccias, mudflows, turbidites, or fossil soils. End_of_Article - Last_Page 553------------
Average and peak contact stress distribution evaluation of total knee arthroplasties

Seven total knee arthroplasty systems were tested to determine contact stress patterns and contact areas using a calibrated Fuji film stress analysis technique. Knees were loaded to 2,000 N (204 kg) at 15 degrees, 60 degrees, 90 degrees, and 135 degrees flexion at 24 and 37 degrees C. Evaluation of stresses at 37 degrees C at 15 degrees and 60 degrees using an average contact stress assessment technique indicated that the LCS meniscal bearing knee system, (DePuy, Warsaw, IN), the AMK knee with a constrained insert (DePuy), and the PFC knee with a posterior-lipped insert (Johnson and Johnson, Raynham, MA) had the lowest average contact stresses (near or below 10 MPa). The PFC with a regular insert (Johnson and Johnson) the Ortholoc II (Dow Corning Wright, Arlington, TN), and the AMK with a regular insert (DePuy) had intermediate contact stresses. The AMK with a Hylamer-M insert (DePuy) and the MG II (Zimmer, Warsaw, IN) had the highest average contact stresses (near or above 20 MPa). A stress-calibrated Fuji film measurement technique has shown that an assessment of ranges of contact stress provides much more information about regions of expected wear than an assessment of average contact stresses. Testing of the tibiofemoral articulation of artificial knees revealed that all knees had some areas of contact with maximum stresses in excess of 15 MPa. As the yield strength of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene is approximately 15 MPa, all tibial inserts could wear to some extent. Peak contact stresses at four test angles of the AMK, Series 7000 (Osteonics, Allendale, NJ:) Genesis (Smith & Nephew Orthopaedics, Memphis, TN), and MG II patellofemoral articulations were high (above 30 MPa). Contact areas varied from line-shaped to bilateral circular or elliptical shapes. The LCS knee system experienced substantially lower patellofemoral contact stresses and larger contact areas. Changes in conformity of knee designs are warranted to overcome wear problems. Peak contact stresses measured from the LCS meniscal bearing tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joint were in excess of 30 MPa in some areas at low flexion angles. This design does create large areas of contact at very low contact pressures, however, and for this reason is expected to wear less than other designs.
A Biaxially Stretchable Interconnect with Liquid Alloy Joints on Flexible Substrate

This paper reports a new and simple way to fabricate biaxially stretchable interconnects. To increase the stretchability, two novel ideas are suggested. These include 1) a geometry of 2-D diamond shaped gold lines on a PDMS substrate, and 2) coverage of potentially breakable points with liquid alloy. Stretchability of up to 60% was obtained using these techniques.
Effect of magnetic fine structure and mixing on the radiative lifetimes and the polarizabilities of excited states of helium

We have calculated the radiative lifetimes, and the scalar and tensor dipole polarizabilities of excited levels of helium. Our theory includes fine structure and the mixing of singlet and triplet sublevels, and gives results that are in excellent agreement with experiment. We are able to show why fine structure and mixing have negligible effects on the radiative lifetimes, but may contribute up to 20% of the polarizabilities. The trends of these properties with the quantum numbers [ital n] and [ital L] are explicated, and formulas are given which are accurate to a few percent for arbitrary [ital n] and [ital L][ge]2.
New epidemiologic leads in the etiology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the elderly: the role of blood transfusion and diet

The incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in persons over the age of 65 years has increased dramatically since the 1950s in western countries. The strongest known risk factors for NHL are primary or acquired immunosuppression, but these severe deficiencies are relatively rare and cannot explain the rapid increase observed in the elderly. Recent work suggests that common exposures which influence immunocompetence, albeit at a much weaker level, may also be risk factors for NHL. Two such risk factors recently associated with NHL are prior history of blood transfusion and certain aspects of diet. In four out of four studies, prior history of blood transfusion was associated with approximately a doubling in NHL risk, even for a transfusion first received a decade or more before diagnosis. Other studies suggest that diets high in animal proteins and fats may increase the risk of NHL while fruit and vegetable consumption may decrease risk. Allogeneic blood transfusion is known to suppress the immune system, and diets high in protein and fat may also lead to altered immunocompetence, although other mechanisms such as viral transmission or the effects of heterocyclic amines and N-nitroso compounds may also play a role. Follow-up of these observations my lead to a better understanding of the NHL epidemic and new approaches to the prevention of NHL.
Kinetics of Chromate Adsorption and Desorption at Fused Quartz/Water Interfaces Studied by Second Harmonic Generation

It is now recognized that an understanding of hexavalent chromium pollution in the environment is tied to an understanding of how hexavalent chromium binds to geosorbent surfaces. We have applied the nonlinear optical laser spectroscopy surface second harmonic generation (SHG) to study the adsorption and desorption kinetics of submonolayer amounts of chromate interacting with the fused quartz/water interface at pH 7 and at room temperature. The chromate concentrations are varied between 10-6 and 10-5 M. The adsorption and desorption behavior of chromate at the fused quartz/water interface can be described by a Langmuir adsorption and a first-order chromate desorption model with an adsorption rate constant of 3(1) × 103 s-1 M-1 and a desorption rate constant of 0.9(7) × 10-3 s-1. At 300 K and pH 7, the resulting equilibrium constant for chromate binding is in good agreement with equilibrium constants obtained from Langmuir isotherm measurements carried out between pH 4 and 9. Thus, thermodynamic and kineti...
Successive generation rat feeding studies with a composite diet of gamma-irradiated foods

Four successive generations of rats were fed irradiated (5.58 megarad) or nonirradiated diets compounded from 9 frozen-stored foods plus a nonirradiated vitamin supplement. A significantly decreased rate of growth of 4thgeneration females fed the irradiated diet was probably due to marginal nutritional inadequacy. Reproductive performance, life span, and incidence of disease were not significantiy affected by radiation processing of the food. Similarly, metabolizable energy value of the diets as well as percentage of availability of the macronutrients were not altered. Availability of carbohydrate was higher in adult animals than in the same animals as weanlings, regardless of diet treatment. Of 6 liver and blood enzymes assayed, only liver cytochrome oxidase activity was altered as a result of consumption of the irradiated diet. The results are explained on the basis of radioinduced destruction of the unsaturated fatty acids. However, a previously reported concomitant decline in hypotonic endogenous respiration was not observed. This, coupled with normal phosphatase activity, suggests that the altered cytochrome oxidase activity may not be related to essential fatty acid destruction. (H.H.D.)
A Collaborative Effort at Marketing the University: Detailing a Student-Centered Approach.

In this article, the authors describe the use of an experiential team-based project in a capstone marketing management course. In the project, students worked with the university administration to develop a marketing plan for the Admissions Office's Tour Guide Program. The authors discuss why such marketing activities are important to colleges and universities and report on a successful collaboration between an academic program and a school administration in designing such a program. The authors conclude by discussing the benefits that such collaborations offer to both the students and the university.
The 9 June 94 Bolivian Deep Earthquake: An exceptional event in an extraordinary subduction zone

We investigate the physical setting of the Bolivian shock based on the history of the subducting Nazca plate, intraslab seismicity, deep seismic moment release, and seismic tomography. South America has two broad regions of reverse arc curvature. Subduction constrained to this unique geometry produces slab kinking contortions that may cause unusual slab thickening as they sink to the bottom of the transition zone and encounter resistance to penetration into the lower mantle. Such contortions are observed at intermediate depths “upstream” from the slab source regions of both the great 1970 Colombian and 1994 Bolivian events. Thickening helps explain how the Nazca slab accommodates large seismic source dimensions at depths of 625–650 km.
Edge function analysis of stress intensity factors in cracked anisotropic plates

The edge function method, which involves the use of analytic solutions to model field behavior in the various parts of an elastic region, is applied to the analysis of a finite anisotropic plate with a single crack. Analytical solutions for the stress singularities at each crack tip facilitate the inexpensive calculation of accurate values of the stress intensity factors. A boundary Galerkin variational principle is used to match the boundary conditions. The method is applicable to isotropic and anisotropic materials and is demonstrated for a number of fracture problems involving variation of the crack position, crack orientation and material orientation. For the range of geometries examined in this paper, the calculated values of the stress intensity factors do not show a major dependence on the material anisotropy. The formulation of the method makes it easily applicable to the study of the interaction of several cracks and also to a limited study of crack propagation or damage development in a composite laminate.
C-V and C-t analysis of buried oxide layers formed by high-dose oxygen implantation

For silicon-on-insulator devices with very thin active layers, the quality of the buried oxide layer and its interface with the top silicon layer can significantly affect device performance. This study focuses on the characterization of buried oxide layers formed by high-dose oxygen implantation into Si wafers. Capacitance-voltage (C-V) and capac-itance-time (C-t) measurements were performed on the epilayer/buried oxide/substrate capacitors. From high frequency C-V measurements, data on fixed oxide charge, inter-face traps, and donor densities were obtained for both buried oxide interfaces, as well as the thickness of the buried oxide layer. From C-t measurements, minority carrier generation lifetimes were calculated for thin depletion regions on both sides of the buried oxide. The data is correlated to changes in implanted dose, anneal temperature, and anneal time.
Using the mobile application EDDY for gathering user information in the requirement analysis

The users' knowledge and requirements are important factors in the design of products. To ensure the success of products designers and developers have to get to know their target group users better. Over the years a lot of innovative user centered design studies have been written. Many researchers believe that these studies could be used by developers to help them in the process of creating new products. This paper presents a framework called EDDY that aims at facilitating the development of mobile applications for gathering various kinds of data. Such a framework and applications based on it should be helpful for the data collection during studies such as Cultural Probes and the Experience Sampling Method. These approaches involve the users as the persons who collect the required information themselves. In this paper we evaluate the advantages of EDDY for such studies. We investigated whether there is a significant advantage in using a mobile application for the documentation of a user's everyday life instead of using a classical kit.
Renal Pelvic Hemorrhage and Acute Renal Failure Associated with Carboplatin Therapy

A 44-year-old woman with ovarian cancer and normal renal function developed gross hematuria after carboplatin therapy. Laboratory investigation revealed elevated blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine values. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis with or without contrast revealed bilateral hydronephrosis with high-attenuation material within the left renal pelvis and both ureters consistent with blood. Delayed images at 3 hours revealed intense nephrogram with delayed excretion of contrast bilaterally. She underwent cystoscopy and placement of ureteral stent bilaterally. She had brisk diuresis with associated progressive decrease in serum creatinine to baseline value.
CCmutator: a mutation generator for concurrency constructs in multithreaded C/C++ applications

We introduce CCmutator, a mutation generation tool for multithreaded C/C++ programs written using POSIX threads and the recently standardized C++11 concurrency constructs. CCmutator is capable of performing partial mutations and generating higher order mutants, which allow for more focused and complex combinations of elementary mutation operators leading to higher quality mutants. We have implemented CCmutator based on the popular Clang/LLVM compiler framework, which allows CCmutator to be extremely scalable and robust in handling real-world C/C++ applications. CCmutator is also designed in such a way that all mutants of the same order can be generated in parallel, which allows the tool to be easily parallelized on commodity multicore hardware to improve performance.
Self‐reported amnesia for abuse in adults molested as children

A sample of 450 adult clinical subjects reporting sexual abuse histories were studied regarding their repression of sexual abuse incidents. A total of 267 subjects (59.3%) identified some period in their lives, before age 18, when they had no memory of their abuse. Variables most predictive of abuse-related amnesia were greater current psychological symptoms, molestation at an early age, extended abuse, and variables reflecting especially violent abuse (e.g., victimization by multiple perpetrators, having been physically injured as a result of the abuse, victim fears of death if she or he disclosed the abuse to others). In contrast, abuse characteristics more likely to produce psychological conflict (e.g., enjoyment of the abuse, acceptance of bribes, feelings of guilt or shame) were not associated with abuse-related amnesia. The results of this study are interpreted as supporting Freud's initial “seduction hypothesis,” as well as more recent theories of post-traumatic dissociation.
Developing effective multimedia-based laboratory modules

Laboratories have become a common phenomenon in computer science curricula, and the advent of inexpensive multimedia computers has broadened the range of activities that can be incorporated in laboratory exercises. Together, laboratories and multimedia have the potential for great impact on educational practice. A variety of software exists for authoring interactive multimedia applications including programming languages and authoring tools. In addition to authoring tools, potential authors need to know how to use other tools like image editors, audio and video capture software and hardware, and audio and video editors. The purpose of this paper is to describe the process of developing a multimedia-based laboratory activity and potential inexpensive tools that can be used to create it.
Antigen controls IL-7Rα expression levels on CD8 T cells during full activation or tolerance induction

The high-affinity chain of the IL-7 receptor, IL-7Rα (CD127), is expressed by effector CD8 T cells that have the capacity to become memory cells. IL-7Rα expression is uniformly high on naive CD8 T cells, and the majority of these cells down-regulate expression upon antigenic challenge. At the peak of expansion, the fraction of effectors expressing high IL-7Rα varies depending on the response examined. The signals that a CD8 T cell receives during a response to Ag that lead to altered expression of IL-7Rα have not been fully defined. In vitro experiments demonstrated that Ag alone is sufficient to down-regulate IL-7Rα on all cells and most of the cells rapidly re-express the receptor upon removal from Ag. Expression was not altered by the B7.1 costimulatory ligand or when IL-12 was present to provide the signal needed for development of effector functions, indicating that TCR engagement is sufficient to regulate IL-7Rα expression. Consistent with this, in vivo priming with peptide Ag resulted in IL-7Rα expression that inversely correlated with Ag levels, and expression levels were not changed when IL-12 or adjuvant were administered with Ag. A large fraction of the cells present at the peak of expansion had re-expressed IL-7Rα, but most of these cells failed to survive; those that did survive expressed high IL-7Rα levels. Thus, Ag-dependent signals regulate IL-7Rα levels on responding CD8 T cells, and this occurs whether the responding cells become fully activated or are rendered tolerant by administration of peptide Ag alone.
Some Nutritional Considerations in Times of Major Catastrophe Observations Following a Recent Visit to the Bangladesh Refugee Camps in Northeastern India

On a trip jointly sponsored by the Catholic Relief Services, the Americans for Children's Relief and The Mt. Sinai School of Medi cine of The City University of New York, Dr. Roy E. Brown spent 2-1/2 weeks in November 1971, in the Bangladesh Refugee Camps in India, observing the nutritional and general health status of children and infants in the camps. Dr. Brown has unique qualifications for this responsibility as an American- trained pediatrician who has worked for 8 years in many over seas countries including Haiti, Germany, Peru, Ethiopia, Uganda and the Ivory Coast. He has also made briefer trips serving as a pediatric nutrition consultant in Malawi, Biafra and Guyana.
Is human hibernation possible

The induction of hypometabolism in cells and organs to reduce ischemia damage holds enormous clinical promise in diverse fields, including treatment of stroke and heart attack. However, the thought that humans can undergo a severe hypometabolic state analogous to hibernation borders on science fiction. Some mammals can enter a severe hypothermic state during hibernation in which metabolic activity is extremely low, and yet full viability is restored when the animal arouses from such a state. To date, the underlying mechanism for hibernation or similar behaviors remains an enigma. The beneficial effect of hypothermia, which reduces cellular metabolic demands, has many well-established clinical applications. However, severe hypothermia induced by clinical drugs is extremely difficult and is associated with dramatically increased rates of cardiac arrest for nonhibernators. The recent discovery of a biomolecule, 5'-AMP, which allows nonhibernating mammals to rapidly and safely enter severe hypothermia could remove this impediment and enable the wide adoption of hypothermia as a routine clinical tool.
Group status, group bias, and adolescents' reasoning about the treatment of others in school contexts:

This study investigated how social group status and group bias are related to adolescents' reasoning about social acceptance. Ninth and eleventh-grade students (N = 379) were asked to make judgments about the inclusion of individuals in school activities based on their peer crowd membership. The results of the study revealed that both participants' and the targets' social reference group status were related to adolescents' judgments about participation in school activities. Overall, high status group members were chosen more than low status group members to participate in school activities. Adolescents who identified themselves with high status groups, however, were significantly more likely to choose a high status target than adolescents identifying with low status groups or those listing no group at all. Further, these adolescents were more likely than adolescents who identified themselves with low status groups or listed no group to use conventional reasoning and less likely to use moral reasoning when...
Some Effects of Imperfection Geometry on the Cyclic Distortion of Thermally Grown Oxides

Morphological imperfections on the surface of alloys that form thermally grown oxides (TGO) distort or rumple upon thermal cycling. Models have been developed that predict the dependence of this distortion on oxide growth phenomena and material properties. In the present study, the model is tested in the domain of small (micron-sized) initial imperfections. For this purpose, cyclic experiments have been performed on FeCrAlY substrates using protocols for incorporating small (linear and axi-symmetric) surface imperfections. The experiments revealed a peak rumpling-rate, occurring at characteristic imperfection amplitude of order 1 μm. For smaller imperfections, the growth-rates become immeasurably low. The model accurately reproduces these characteristics. Beyond this additional assessment of the model fidelity, the study has also demonstrated that asymmetric imperfections close during thermal cycling, correcting a misinterpretation that such features are cracks that filled with TGO.
Wüstite (Fe1‐x O): A review of its defect structure and physical properties

Such complexities of the Wustite structure as nonstoichiometry, ferric iron variable site distribution, long and short range ordering, and exsolution, yield complex physical properties. Magnesiowustite, a phase which has been suggested to occur in the earth's lower mantle, is also expected to exhibit many of these complexities. Geophysical models including the properties of (Mg, Fe)O should accordingly take into account the uncertainties associated with the synthesis and measurement of iron-rich oxides. Given the variability of the Fe(1-x)O structure, it is important that future researchers define the structural state and extent of exsolution of their samples.