cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Future work self and career adaptability in the prediction of proactive career behaviors

Abstract This study examined the motivational resource of future work self salience and the additive effect of career adaptability dimensions in the prediction of career planning, proactive skill development, and proactive career networking in a sample of university students ( N = 113). It was hypothesized that greater clarity of future work self would predict engagement in each of the proactive career behaviors and that specific dimensions of career adaptability would have an additive effect in predicting particular proactive career behavior in line with the theory of career construction. Results indicated that future work self predicted career planning and that career concern had an additive effect. Future work self also predicted proactive skill development and proactive career networking. However, career confidence and career curiosity mediated these relationships in the prediction of skill development and networking respectively. In sum, results suggest that future work self and career adaptability play an influential role in the engagement of proactive career behavior.
Development and testing of hierarchically wrinkled coatings for marine antifouling.

We report on the formation and testing of novel marine coatings comprising hierarchically wrinkled surface topographies (HWTS) having wrinkles of different length scales (generations) ranging from tens of nanometers to a fraction of a millimeter. The individual wrinkle generations are arranged in nested patterns, where each larger wrinkle resides underneath and represents a scaled-up version of the smaller wrinkle. We present and discuss results from field tests in seawater and laboratory experiments. The results of our field tests reveal that while coatings with flat topographies foul after relatively short time periods (4−15 weeks), the HWST coatings with the same chemistries as flat coatings remain relatively free of biofouling even after prolonged exposure to seawater (18 months). In contrast to flat coatings, the HWST substrates are not colonized by barnacles. These observations suggest that surface topography plays a dominant role in governing the coating defense against barnacle fouling even withou...
SV-40 transformation: effect on GM2 ganglioside in cultured cell lines

In previous work, we observed the presence of substantially elevated levels of GM2 after Simian Virus 40 (SV-40) transformation of human fetal brain cells. This elevated level of GM2 contrasted with the reports of many other investigators who had often observed decreased levels of GM2 and a simplification of ganglioside pattern in various non-neural rodent cell lines. In order to determine if the increase in GM2 in the transformed human brain cells would also be found in transformed rodent brain cells, we analyzed ganglioside changes after transformation in mouse brain cell lines and observed the increase in GM3 and low levels or lack of GM2 usually noted in rodent SV-40 transformed cell lines. In addition, we analyzed changes after SV-40 transformation in three human fibroblast lines and found that all three lines contained substantially elevated levels of GM2 after SV-40 transformation. As a result of this study, our earlier work on SV-40 transformed human brain cells, and occasional other reports of high levels of GM2 in human SV-40 transformed cell lines, elevated levels of GM2 may be considered a marker for SV-40 transformed human cells of both fibroblastic and neural origin.
On the possibility of a two-state magnetic structure for nanocrystalline chromium

Abstract Wide-angle neutron diffraction measurements taken at temperatures from 6 to 250 K indicate that the portion of a chromium sample with a mean grain size of 73 nm is antiferromagnetically ordered at temperatures below 100 K. The Neel temperature (about 120 ∓ 10 K) for this nanocrystalline sample is suppressed considerably below that of strain-free single-crystal chromium (311 K). Similar measurements of other samples indicate that the amount of antiferromagnetic order decreases with decreasing grain size. The grain size dependence of antiferromagnetic order is discussed in the context of a two-state model consisting of antiferromagnetically ordered cores surrounded by interfaces, which are not antiferromagnetically ordered.
Web-based simulation in psychiatry residency training: a pilot study.

Medical specialties, including surgery, obstetrics, anesthesia, critical care, and trauma, have adopted simulation technology for measuring clinical competency as a routine part of their residency training programs; yet, simulation technologies have rarely been adapted or used for psychiatry training. The authors describe the development of a web-based computer simulation tool intended to assess physician competence in obtaining informed consent before prescribing antipsychotic medication to a simulated patient with symptoms of psychosis. Eighteen residents participated in a pilot study of the Computer Simulation Assessment Tool (CSAT). Outcome measures included physician performance on required elements, pre- and post-test measures of physician confidence in obtaining informed consent, and levels of system usability. Data suggested that the CSAT increased physician confidence in obtaining informed consent and that it was easy to use. The CSAT was an effective educational tool in simulating patient—physician interactions, and it may serve as a model for use of other web-based simulations to augment traditional teaching methods in residency education.
Novel prodrugs of cyanamide that inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase in vivo.

S-Methylisothiourea (4), when administered to rats followed by a subsequent dose of ethanol, gave rise to a 119-fold increase in ethanol-derived blood acetaldehyde (AcH) levelsa consequence of the ...
Viruses and RNA Interference: Issues and Controversies

The question of whether any mammalian cells are able to mount an effective RNA interference-mediated antiviral innate immune response has remained highly controversial. In this Gem, I review recent data addressing this important issue and propose a testable hypothesis that can explain many of the apparently contradictory results published in this area of research.
Evidence for deficiencies in intracerebral cytokine production, adhesion molecule induction, and T cell recruitment in herpes simplex virus type-2 infected mice

We examined the intracerebral T cell response in mice infected with neurovirulent HSV-2 strains and an avirulent HSV-1. In HSV-2-infected brains, (i) IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ mRNA expression was low, (ii) ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were not induced, (iii) few CD4+ or CD8+ cells were detected. By contrast, in HSV-1-infected brains, (i) cytokine mRNA expression was high, (ii) adhesion molecules were strongly expressed, (iii) many T cells were detected. We suggest that deficient T cell extravasation into HSV-2-infected brain regions is caused by negligible ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression, which is due to low expression of critical cytokines.
Scattering of X-rays from solids

The total scattering of the $K\ensuremath{\alpha}$ radiation of molybdenum from powdered crystals of KCl, NaF, and MgO has been observed with an ionization chamber whose window subtended several degrees of angle at the scatterers. The scattering from NaF and MgO was found to be approximately the same as that neon. The scattering from KCl was found to be approximately the same as that from argon. The intensities of the diffracted portion of the scattered rays from the crystals have been calculated and found to be distributed along the $\frac{{F}^{2}}{Z}$ curves, thus agreeing with Jauncey's relation between gas and crystal scattering, ${S}_{g}={S}_{c}+\frac{{F}^{2}}{Z}$. The sums of the diffracted intensities plus diffuse intensities have been found to follow the gas scattering curves, in agreement with Compton's formula for the scattering from a monatomic gas, ${S}_{g}=(\frac{{f}^{2}}{Z})+\frac{(1\ensuremath{-}\frac{{f}^{2}}{{Z}^{2}})}{{R}^{3}}$. The method of measurement may be used to determine values of the structure factor for the atom at rest.
Fast Real Time Binding for Surface Assays Using VCAT Coupled With SPRI

Microassays can take on the order of 1 to 72 hours due to complete the lack of mixing [1]. Various micromixers have been developed to quicken assay times, but they require bulky external equipment, difficult to fabrication and implementation, or are expensive. Robin Liu et al developed a low cost micromixer based on cavitation microstreaming which is easy to implement and has low power consumption. The device consists of small cavities or vertical cavity acoustic transducers (VCAT) located above a microfluidic chamber such that these small cavities trap air when a solution is injected into the chamber. A piezoelectric transducer (PZT) is then placed above the air cavities and is used to vibrate the air-liquid membrane to produce cavitation microstreaming within the chamber to cause mixing [2].Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Techno‐economics of the production of mixed alcohols from lignocellulosic biomass via high‐temperature gasification

This techno-economic study investigates the production of mixed alcohols from lignocellulosic biomass using an entrained flow slagging gasifier. Similar analyses for 2000 dry tonne per day plants have been performed at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory using indirect, and direct dry ash gasifiers. The use of a high-temperature entrained flow gasifier differs from the previous studies because it eliminates equipment for tar and methane reformation. The conversion targets for tar reforming in the previous studies, and for alcohol synthesis in all of the studies, are based on DOE's research goals for 2012. The conversion cost increased compared to both of the previous studies, assuming the achievement of the 2012 research targets. Feed handling, high oxygen demand, and a high gasifier capital cost are primarily responsible for the high cost projected by this study. It is understood that the achievement of research targets, maturity, reliability, relative complexities, and redundancy requirements will be the other keys to commercialization. The effect of key assumptions and uncertainties were evaluated using sensitivity analysis. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010
Behavior of masonry in the Northridge (US) and Tecomán–Colima (Mexico) earthquakes: Lessons learned, and changes in US design provisions

Abstract The Northridge earthquake (near Los Angeles, CA, USA, January 17, 1994) and the Tecoman–Colima earthquake (near Manzanillo, Mexico, January 21, 2003) have increased our knowledge of the behavior of masonry buildings in significant earthquakes, and also have led to changes or proposals for changes in US masonry design provisions. In this paper, the masonry code-development process in the US is briefly reviewed, with emphasis on the fundamental role of the Masonry Standards Joint Committee (MSJC). The Northridge and Tecoman–Colima earthquakes are discussed, with emphasis on the behavior of modern engineered masonry. Lessons learned from those earthquakes with regard to masonry are summarized, and the related evolution of MSJC design provisions for the US is discussed.
Applying programmable browsing semantics within the context of the World-Wide Web

We discuss application of \caT\ (context-aware Trellis), which extends the Trellis Petri-net-based model of hypertext, towards specification of Web-browsable hypertexts that respond to factors that occur during their use. In addition to characteristics such as a reader's role (e.g., student, teacher, administrator, or parent) and the reader's browsing history, we also include factors that may not have been incorporated as directly before, such as measures of the external environment and the attributes/actions of other simultaneous readers. We use the term "responsive" hypertext to reflect the wide range of relevant factors.
A potential DNA replication complex isolated from sea urchin embryos by renografin gradient centrifugation.

Abstract A complex containing deoxyribonucleic acid, protein and lipid has been isolated from the nuclei of the sea urchin Stronglocentrotus purpuratus by gentle lysis of nuclei and centrifugation of the lysate in a renografin gradient. The complex is similar in several respects to DNA-membrane complexes isolated by the sarkosyl M-band technique [1]. These include the following: 1, most of the cellular DNA is present in the complex but the bulk of the DNA may be removed by sonication or nuclease treatment; 2, nascent DNA is preferentially found in the complex; and 3, destruction of membrane protein components removes DNA found in the complex.
Real time frequency domain fibreoptic temperature sensor using ruby crystals

Abstract The excited state phosphorescence lifetime of ruby crystals is used to monitor temperature in the physiological range from 15° to 45°C with precision and accuracy less than 1°C, in real time. Precision of 0.1°C is attained with 3 min integration times. A 500 μm cubic ruby crystal bounded to the distal end of an optical fibre of similar core dimensions is excited with pulsed Ne-He laser light of about 9 μW average power. The instrument uses a sampler for data acquistion, and frequency domain methods for data fitting. The instrument amplifies the a.c. components of the detector output and band limits the signal to 800 Hz. The fundamental frequency of the excitation is set to 24.41 Hz to obtain 32 or less harmonics. This band-limited signal is sampled and averaged between 20 and 100 cycles to obtain temperature measurements in real time. The frequency domain representation of the data is obtained by employing fast Fourier transform algorithms. The phase delay and the modulation ratio, of each sampled harmonic, is then computed. Five to 32 values of the phase and modulation are averaged before computing the sensor lifetime. The technique is capable of measuring precise and accurate excited state lifetimes from subpicowatt luminescent signals in plastic optical fibres. A least squares fit yields the lifetimes of single exponentials. A component of zero lifetime is introduced to account for the backscatter excitation seen by the photodetector leaking through optical interference filters. The phosphorescence lifetimes measured reproducibly to about six parts in 1000, with a 2 s integration time, are used to monitor physiological temperature. Temperatures are computed employing empirical polynomials. The system drift is 3% over 5 h of continuous operation. The instrumentation and methods allow 2.7 s update times and 50 s full response times.
An Adaptation of the Coping Cat Program: The Successful Treatment of a 6-Year-Old Boy With Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) during childhood is a common condition with negative implications.This case study describes the successful cognitive-behavioral treatment of a 6-yearold boy with excessive worry and sleep disturbances. Because of the patient’s age, treatment methods were adapted for an early reader. The frequency and intensity of his symptoms (e.g., physiologic arousal, apprehensive expectations, sleep disturbances) were measured over the course of treatment and at 3 and 7 years after treatment. Recommendations are provided for clinicians and students who aim to treat young children with GAD. The results of this intervention suggest a durable and meaningful reduction in GAD-related symptoms.
On Kelvin waves in balance models

The f-plane linear shallow-water equations support coastal Kelvin waves. These waves propagate along the coast and have zero velocity normal to the coast. It is shown that the balance equations also support coastal Kelvin waves, but these waves differ depending upon the boundary conditions imposed. Three different boundary conditions and resulting Kelvin wave approximations are examined. It is shown that one set of boundary conditions gives balance-model Kelvin waves that are closer to those of the shallow-water equations than the other two boundary conditions.
Polytene chromosomes of Oxytricha: biochemical and morphological changes during macronuclear development in a ciliated protozoan.

After conjugation in the ciliated protozoan, Oxytricha, polytene chromosomes are formed during the development of a macronucleus from a micronucleus. Here we report a microscopic study of these chromosomes and an analysis of their DNA. The polytene chromosomes of Oxytricha bear a strong morphological resemblance to the polytene chromosomes of the Dipteran salivary gland. The nucleus of a developing macronuclear anlage contains 120±2 polytene chromosomes and each chromosome has an average of 81 bands; a total of about 10,000 bands per nucleus. At a later stage in development, the number of bands per chromosome is reduced by a factor of four, presumably due to fusion of adjacent bands. The polytene chromosomes then break up into their constituent bands, each of which is encased in a vesicle. There are about 2,700 vesicles per nucleus. — During the growth of polytene chromosomes, there is a change in the relative proportion of sequences in the DNA. The DNA from polytene nuclei has a buoyant density of 1.695 g/cc, significantly lighter than the density of the original micronuclear DNA (1.698 g/cc to 1.702 g/cc). We interpret this buoyant density change to be the result of differential replication of DNA sequences during polytene chromosome growth. A second change in DNA composition occurs after the polytene stage of development, shown by a shift in buoyant density to 1.701 g/cc in the DNA of the mature macronucleus. During this second process, the molecular weight of the DNA is reduced from greater than 50×106 daltons to about 2×106 daltons.
The equilibrium crystal shape and the roughening transition on metal surfaces

Abstract The surfaces of metals at thermal equilibrium are characterized by a variety of defects which are thermally activated and entropically favored. In the last 10 years surface roughening transitions have been shown to exist on a large number of low-symmetry surfaces. For a given surface the transition temperature is known to scale with bulk properties. While a good deal of theoretical work has paralleled the experimental effort, direct comparisons between model potentials and experimental data are still lacking. The roughening transition on these surfaces is discussed in terms of competition with other processes such as facetting. Our work in this area is discussed and more recent developments in the field are reviewed. Unresolved problems in applying the theoretical framework to specific systems are also discussed.
Molecular "compasses" and "gyroscopes". I. Expedient synthesis and solid state dynamics of an open rotor with a bis(triarylmethyl) frame.

We describe our efforts toward the preparation of materials built with molecules possessing topologies analogous to those of macroscopic compasses and gyroscopes. Samples of 1,4-bis(3,3,3-triphenylpropynyl)benzene (3) were prepared by a simple two-step procedure from triphenylmethyl chloride (1) and 1,4-diiodobenzene. The structure of compound 3 is such that the central phenylene can play the role of a gyroscope wheel while the two tritylpropynyl groups can act as an axle and shielding framework. Crystals of a benzene clathrate were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction and variable-temperature solid state NMR while their thermal stability was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The rotational dynamics of the phenylene group in the benzene clathrate and in desolvated samples were characterized in terms of a two-fold flipping process. Solid state rotational barriers of ca. 12.8 and 14.6 kcal/mol were estimated for the benzene clathrate and...
Sex differences in opioid analgesia, hyperalgesia, tolerance and withdrawal: Central mechanisms of action and roles of gonadal hormones

This article reviews sex differences in opiate analgesic and related processes as part of a Special Issue in Hormones and Behavior. The research findings on sex differences are organized in the following manner: (a) systemic opioid analgesia across mu, delta and kappa opioid receptor subtypes and drug efficacy at their respective receptors, (b) effects of the activational and organizational roles of gonadal steroid hormones and estrus phase on systemic analgesic responses, (c) sex differences in spinal opioid analgesia, (d) sex differences in supraspinal opioid analgesia and gonadal hormone effects, (e) the contribution of genetic variance to analgesic sex differences, (f) sex differences in opioid-induced hyperalgesia, (g) sex differences in tolerance and withdrawal-dependence effects, and (h) implications for clinical therapies.
Plasma waves and transversely accelerated ions in the terrestrial ionosphere

Developments in measuring the physical mechanisms responsible for strongly driven transverse ion acceleration in the ionosphere are reviewed. Lower-hybrid waves and ion Bernstein waves can be associated very closely with transversely accelerated ions in the auroral ionosphere. In a recent development, very intense and localized lower-hybrid waves have been observed to produce transversely accelerated ions with characteristic energies of 10 eV. The case for current-driven electrostatic oxygen cyclotron waves producing transversely accelerated ions is less compelling.
Locke’s construction of the idea of power

Abstract I explain Locke’s account of the origin of our idea of power, showing that it concerns the idea of the disposition to act or change, and that this idea is constructed out of the ideas of action or change. I also show how Locke could have modified his account to avoid Hume’s criticism and argue that his neglect to do so reflects a studied neglect of taxonomy, an ambiguity in the notion of capacity, and complications in Locke’s conception of simple ideas. A comparison of the two empiricists reveals that not only do they disagree about the role of reason in the origin of our idea of power, but they are also talking about different ideas. Within the framework of Locke’s account of the origin of the idea of power, I explain why he believes that bodies only provide us with an obscure idea of active power. I conclude by defending his insight that there is a deep connection between the ability to predict and the idea of power.
Stresses and volume changes in a polymer loaded axially in a rigid die

Abstract We consider the boundary value problem of an isotropic, linearly elastic or linearly viscoelastic material constrained in a rigid die and loaded by a uniform axial stress σ33 (‘piston/die’ problem). The elastic solution is obtained in terms of the shear and bulk modulus of the material, and the Laplace-transformed form of the viscoelastic solution in terms of the Laplace transforms of the shear and bulk relaxation moduli. Solutions to the viscoelastic problem at t = 0 and for t → ∞ are found, which involve only values of the relaxation moduli at these times. The complete solutions in time space for a viscoelastic material which has a time-independent bulk modulus, and behaves like a Maxwell or Voigt model in shear, are calculated and discussed. For typical elastic and solid viscoelastic materials, the volume change in the ‘piston/die’ situation is only 60–80% of that observed in the hydrostatic case with P = −σ33. The ‘piston/die’ geometry is therefore not a universally applicable method for pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) studies. Methods in which a material is subjected to true hydrostatic pressures (achieved through the use of a confining fluid) must be preferred.
Group-Based Interventions for Trauma Survivors: Introduction to the Special Issue

Brigham Young University and University ofCalifornia, Los AngelesThis special issue of Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice is dedicated togroup-based interventions for trauma survivors. Given the severely traumatic andwidespread nature of the terrorist attacks that took place on September 11, 2001, it ishoped that this special issue will play a timely and illustrative role in facilitating thedesign and implementation of effective postdisaster interventions. More generally, asillustrated by the breadth of treatments contained in this special issue, group-basedinterventions constitute a promising modality for providing efficient and efficaciouspostdisaster intervention to a wide variety of trauma-exposed populations.
Metageographic Communities: A Geographic Model of Demassified Societies

A metageographic community (MGC) is a construct that identifies patterns of an increasingly demassified society and accounts for flexible spatial dynamics facilitated by personal media. It acknowledges the meaning individuals ascribe to local places, to the breadth of their social networks over distance, and it incorporates communications media as essential to dynamic community building and persistence. In addition to providing a theoretical foundation for this construct, I have created a model by which to evaluate the coherence of demassified communities at four levels of association. A preliminary application of this model to two “invisible” ethnic groups in the United States has revealed that the coherence of even very small groups might depend on more than traditional characteristics of religious adherence, language retention, propinquitous clustering, or local landscapes. These communities have developed distanciated networks built on the frequency and types of long-distance interactions as well as t...
Band Gap Formation in Composite Models With Quasi-Random Fiber Arrangements

Large-scale deterministic simulations are performed in order to observe the band gap formation in composite models having quasi-random fiber arrangements. Composite plates are modeled in two-dimensions with various unidirectional fiber arrangements. The quasi-random fiber arrangements can be qualified as essentially regular with slight randomness. Simulation results are compared with the corresponding case of ideally regular fiber arrangement. The most interesting observation is that the slight randomness in the fiber arrangements enhances the band gap phenomenon by introducing a few secondary band gaps adjacent to the primary band gap. An attempt is made to relate the band gap characteristics to the statistical parameters of fiber arrangements.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
A petrogenetic model for the igneous complex in the Spanish Peaks region, Colorado

Twenty representative rocks ranging from lamprophyric to granitic composition, from the Spanish Peaks igneous Complex, south-central Colorado, were analyzed for Sr isotopic compositions and their concentrations of K, Rb, Sr and Ba. The various igneous rocks from this Cenozoic complex do not have a comagmatic relationship from the evidence of their Sr isotopic compositions. Due to the generally low Sr87/Sr86 isotopic ratios, the possibility of the highly radiogenic underlying Precambrian basement as the source of magma generation can be ruled out. The sources for the magmas of this igneous complex must be in the upper mantle or the lower crust. Model calculations using elemental distribution coefficients and assumed mantle materials suggest that the abundant lamprophyric magmas in this region could be derived from a phlogopite-bearing hornblende peridotite by a small degree of partial melting (<5%) at lower pressure environment (<50 km). Other possibilities for lamprophyric magma generation were also examined. The slightly higher Sr87/Sr86 ratios observed in the granitic rocks are interpreted as reflecting the nature of this source-the lower crust. Alternatively, they may suggest a limited contamination of the original liquid by upper crustal material. For the entire igneous complex, mixing of two independent magmas, lymprophyric and granitic, is suggested to be the mechanism responsible for the complicated and diverse chemical characteristics.
Differentiation during encystment and excystment in Oxytricha fallax.

SYNOPSIS During encystment of Oxytricha fallax, a wall composed of 4 distinct layers, each derived from a different kind of endoplasmic vesicle, is formed between the 2 unit membranes that cover the vegetative cell. Numerous autophagic vacuoles arise in the endoplasm and later (during excystment undergo internal changes comparable to those characteristic of food vacuoles. Mitochondria aggregate into a band. The 2 macronuclei fuse and their nucleoli become homogeneous. Except for the 2 cell membranes, all visible cortical structures, including cilia, kinetosomes, and microtubules, disappear. Despite the absence of visible ciliature in the mature cyst, the various primordia of the normal vegetative ciliature arise during excystment in the same positional relations to one another as is characteristic of developments during cell division.
GSH transport in human cerebrovascular endothelial cells and human astrocytes: evidence for luminal localization of Na+-dependent GSH transport in HCEC.

The purpose of the present study was to identify and localize glutathione (GSH) transport in an in vitro tissue culture model of blood-brain barrier (BBB). The localization of Na+-dependent GSH transport in an immortalized cell line of human cerebrovascular endothelial cells (HCEC) and asymmetry of transport in Transwell studies were investigated. Initial studies with cultured HCEC established a significant (45%) Na+-dependency for GSH uptake in cultured HCEC pretreated with acivicin, an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT). Transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and uptake of [35S]GSH from luminal and abluminal fluids of HCEC were measured in Na+-containing and Na+-free (choline chloride) buffers using cells grown on gelatin-coated membrane filters. TEER of HCEC monolayers in regular medium was 40.1 +/- 8.0 ohms cm2. Human astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) caused no change in TEER, but increased GGT activity approximately threefold when measured in cell lysates. Luminal and abluminal GSH uptake increased in a time-dependent fashion and were not affected by inhibition of GGT activity with acivicin. Sodium dependency was only observed for luminal uptake (Na+-containing 2.41 +/- 0.15 vs. Na+-free 0.96 +/- 0.03 pmol/30 min/million cells, p 0.05). Apparent efflux via the luminal membrane was lower in the presence of sodium as compared to that without sodium, further suggesting that a Na+-dependent uptake process for GSH is operative at this membrane. GSH uptake and efflux were also demonstrated in neonatal rat and fetal human astrocytes, both exhibiting partial Na+-dependency of uptake. In conclusion, our results show for the first time, that HCEC and astrocytes take up GSH by both Na+-dependent and -independent mechanisms. The Na+-dependent GSH transport process in HCEC appears to be localized to luminal plasma membranes of HCEC.
Neutral Verbs in English: A Preliminary Classification

This article presents a first attempt at systematically classifying neutral verbs in English. Neutrality, also known as the ergative construction or the causative alternation, is present when the following equation holds:(1) N0 V N1 = N1 VIn the following sentences, for example:(2) a. Max chimed the bells.b. The bells chimed.(3) a. The enemy sank the battleship.b. The battleship sank.the direct object of the (a) sentence is the subject of the (b) sentence, and the meanings are similar. Following Boons, Guillet, Leclere (1976), who presented a classification of over 400 neutral verbs of French, we systematically examined the English lexicon and compiled a list of over 500 neutral verbs of English, indicating an appropriate N1 along with the morphological properties of human and non-human for each N0 and N1. A preliminary glance at these verbs suggests that the morphological and transformational properties associated with each verb are highly idiosyncratic. Furthermore, this study shows that although certain semantic classes tend to favor neutrality, they do not automatically assure it, and presents further evidence for building a formal lexicon, or lexicon-grammar, where pertinent lexical and syntactic information is listed for each individual verb.
Can you hear me now?: communicating to the campus community

The days of printed newsletters are long gone and our IT department uses a blend of email notifications, web page updates, and social media techniques to share information with the campus community. Determined to develop a communication plan that reaches everyone in the community, we worked with a team of students and staff to refine our procedures and deliver our messages in different ways to different audiences. This presentation offers ideas for communicating with your campus through a variety of channels.
Detection of the Readthrough Protein of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus

The single open reading frame (ORF) 5 encoding the 50-kDa protein of barley yellow dwarf virus PAV-IL (BYDV-PAV-IL) was expressed in bacteria, purified, and used as an immunogen/antigen to produce/screen antibodies specific to the 50-kDa protein. Two monoclonal antibodies (MAb PAV-IL-22 kDa and MAb PAV-IL-50 kDa) raised against BYDV-PAV-IL could specifically detect the presence of the 72-kDa readthrough protein in extracts from the BYDV-infected leaf tissue. The results suggest that ORF 5 (50-kDa protein) is translated by readthrough of ORF 3 (22-kDa coat protein) to produce the 72-kDa protein. The readthrough protein is thought to be a structural protein on the external surface of BYDV.
Candida laryngotracheitis: a complication of combined steroid and antibiotic usage in croup

The use of corticosteroids to reduce the morbidity associated with laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) has been a controversial issue for many years. Recent literature, however, does support a decreased morbidity and increased clinical response when short-term steroids are used. As a prophylactic measure against bacterial superinfection, antibiotics are commonly utilized in the treatment of croup. We present the case of an otherwise healthy infant with severe croup who was hospitalized and treated with both steroids and antibiotics. A relapse in her symptoms led to the diagnosis of candida laryngotracheitis. We recommend close monitoring of patients with croup treated aggressively with steroids and antibiotics. Steroid use should be limited to 24 h with antibiotics reserved for patients with signs of bacterial infection.
President Jefferson's Three Appointments to the Supreme Court of the United States: 1804, 1807, and 1807

In endeavoring to set the stage for an examination and analysis of Mr. Jefferson's three appointments to the Supreme Court of the United States, a summary glance into those of his two predecessors, George Washington and John Adams, both Federalists, is apposite.
Long-duration, high-frequency plant regeneration from cereal tissue cultures

By visual examination of calli derived from germinating seeds of wheat, oats, rice, proso millet, and pearl millet it has been possible to visually select embryogenic (E) callus which, on transfer to a regeneration medium, forms plants an average of 33 times more frequently than non-embryogenic (NE) callus of equal mass. Embryogenic callus consists of small isodiametric cells averaging 31 μm in diameter; NE callus consists of long tubular cells averaging 52 μm in width and 355 μm in length. Production of E callus is in many cases promoted by media containing 2,4-di- or 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D or 2,4,5-T) plus indole-3-acetic acid or tryptophan+kinetin. Production on NE callus is promoted by media containing 2,4-D or 2,4,5-T alone. As a result of initial experiments to optimize both media for E callus production and media for plant regeneration, callus derived in six passages from an average of 26 seeds could produce about 1,000 regenerated plants.
Superfluid Stirling-cycle refrigeration below 1 kelvin

A new method for cooling below 1 K, the superfluid Stirling cycle, uses the gaslike thermodynamic properties of the3He solute in a superfluid3He-4He solution. The first prototype superfluid Stirling-cycle refrigerator cools to 0.6 K from a starting temperature of 1.2 K, with cooling powers at the lowest temperatures of a few tens of microwatts. The cycle works in both classical-gas and Fermi-gas regimes.
'Curt flood stood up for us': The quest to break down racial barriers and structural inequality in major league baseball

(2003). 'Curt flood stood up for us': The quest to break down racial barriers and structural inequality in major league baseball. Culture, Sport, Society: Vol. 6, No. 2-3, pp. 44-70.
Death from Bronchial Asthma

There is now incontrovertible evidence that there is a progressive and strikingly increased mortality from bronchial asthma in the US. The increase is more dramatic in the older age groups, but younger age groups are not spared. The exact cause or causes of this increased mortality are not known, and it is even possible (although not likely) that the increase is artifactual. This increased death rate is in sharp contrast to the general medical perception that major advances in the management of bronchial asthma have occurred. Perhaps they have, but if so, more patients are dying during this period of advances than were dying before. The most prudent course would be to assume that the excess deaths are iatrogenic in origin and to act accordingly. Even if this assumption is flawed, acting on it would improve the management of patients with bronchial asthma. If it is true that the major purpose of risk-benefit analysis is to improve patient outcome rather than merely analyze risk-benefit balance, then a series of proposals can be generated to grapple with this problem in bronchial asthma.
Passive Fraunhofer-wavelength atomic filter at 422.7 nm.

We have demonstrated 25% internal photon conversion efficiency of a new passive atomic filter. The signal wavelength matches an intense Fraunhofer line at 422.7 nm, thereby offering enhanced sunlight rejection. A quasi-molecular interaction promotes rapid energy transfer between the 4p1P1 level and the 4p3PJ level of neutral calcium for wavelength shifting of 422.7-nm light into 657.3-nm emission. We discuss augmentation of the photon conversion efficiency by radiation trapping.
Species-specific activation of Cu/Zn SOD by its CCS copper chaperone in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans

Candida albicans is a pathogenic yeast of important public health relevance. Virulence of C. albicans requires a copper and zinc containing superoxide dismutase (SOD1), but the biology of C. albicans SOD1 is poorly understood. To this end, C. albicans SOD1 activation was examined in baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), a eukaryotic expression system that has proven fruitful for the study of SOD1 enzymes from invertebrates, plants, and mammals. In spite of the 80 % similarity between S. cerevisiae and C. albicans SOD1 molecules, C. albicans SOD1 is not active in S. cerevisiae. The SOD1 appears incapable of productive interactions with the copper chaperone for SOD1 (CCS1) of S. cerevisiae. C. albicans SOD1 contains a proline at position 144 predicted to dictate dependence on CCS1. By mutation of this proline, C. albicans SOD1 gained activity in S. cerevisiae, and this activity was independent of CCS1. We identified a putative CCS1 gene in C. albicans and created heterozygous and homozygous gene deletions at this locus. Loss of CCS1 resulted in loss of SOD1 activity, consistent with its role as a copper chaperone. C. albicans CCS1 also restored activity to C. albicans SOD1 expressed in S. cerevisiae. C. albicans CCS1 is well adapted for activating its partner SOD1 from C. albicans, but not SOD1 from S. cerevisiae. In spite of the high degree of homology between the SOD1 and CCS1 molecules in these two fungal species, there exists a species-specific barrier in CCS–SOD interactions which may reflect the vastly different lifestyles of the pathogenic versus the noninfectious yeast.
The Effect of Consensus on Attitude Change and Attribution of Causality

In Experiment 1, subjects were told that they were either the "only one" (low consensus) or "one of several" (high) consensus) writing a discrepant essay and received high choice for the essay. High consensus attenuated attitude change and led to situational attributions. Under low choice (Experiment 2), attitude change, attributions of causality, perceptions of the importance and usefulness of the essay did not vary between consensus conditions, providing little support for alternative interpretations.
Incorporation of CD40 ligand into SHIV virus-like particles (VLP) enhances SHIV-VLP-induced dendritic cell activation and boosts immune responses against HIV

Engagement of CD40 with CD40L induces dendritic cell (DC) maturation and activation, thereby promoting immune responses. The objective of this study was to investigate whether immunization with chimeric CD40L/SHIV virus-like particles (CD40L/SHIV-VLP) could enhance immune responses to SIV Gag and HIV Env proteins by directly activating DCs. We found that CD83, CD40, and CD86 were significantly up-regulated and significantly increased cytokines production were observed after hCD40L/SHIV-VLP treatment in human CD14+ monocyte-derived DCs as compared to SHIV-VLP treatment. Mice immunized with mCD40L/SHIV-VLP showed more than a two-fold increase in HIV Env-specific IgG antibody production, an increase in SIV Gag and HIV Env-specific IFN-γ and IL-4 producing cells, and an increase in HIV Env-specific cytotoxic activity compared to that in SHIV-VLP immunized mice. Furthermore, multifunctional CD4+ Th1 cells, which simultaneously produce IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α triple cytokines, and CD8+ T-cells, which produce IFN-γ were elevated in the mCD40L/SHIV-VLP immunized group. These data demonstrate that chimeric CD40L/SHIV-VLP potently induce DC activation and enhance the magnitude of both humoral and cellular immune responses to the SIV Gag and HIV Env proteins in the mouse model. Therefore, incorporation of CD40L into VLP may represent a novel strategy to develop effective HIV vaccines.
Nursing Workforce Issues: Strategically Positioning Nurses to Facilitate Cancer Prevention and Control

The number of cancer survivors is increasing, but at a staggering cost. These costs can be reduced or contained by preventing cancer and its recurrence. Nurses play a critical role in cancer prevention, a role that will rapidly expand as the number of oncology specialists decreases. It is crucial, therefore, that nurses increase their involvement in cancer prevention. To prepare nurses for this larger role, educational programs in cancer prevention and detection must be instituted for all nurses, particularly those in rural and medically underserved areas. The Professional Education for Prevention and Early Detection program at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center has developed two nurse education programs: outreach programs for nurses involved in the community and in-house programs for those in clinical practice. These approaches have proven to be enormously effective in developing the nursing workforce as agents of cancer prevention.
Chloride Substitution Reactions of Cycloruthenated (R)(C)-(+)-N,N-Dimethyl(1-phenylethyl)amine with Pseudohalides: Ruthenium Atom Stereochemistry.

The diastereoselectivity of chloride substitution by the pseudohalides azide, nitrite, thiocyanate, and cyanate in has been determined by a combination of 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy, UV−visible spectroscopy, circular dichroism, infrared spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. These chloride substitution reactions proceed with predominant retention of configuration at ruthenium. For the ambidentate ligands thiocyanate and nitrite, the major bonding mode is through their nitrogen donor atoms.
The Promise of LEMG

Altman discusses the pros and cons of LEMG in patients with an asymmetrical larynx. His analysis could not be any clearer than when he states that “controversy remains regardingitslimitations.”Infact,controversy surrounds virtually everything involved in the use of LEMG in our practices today. At this time, there is no standard agreementontheindications,performance, or the interpretation of these studies.However,IbelievethatLEMG inmanypatientscanprovideuswith diagnosticandoftenprognosticinformationthatnoothertestcanprovide and is therefore quite valuable in patientcare.Inourinstitution’slargereview, 1 it altered our management in 40% of individuals who underwent LEMG.AsAltmannotes,however,we havethebenefitofpracticinginalarge referralcenterwith2neurologistson staff who are experienced in electrodiagnostics. Altman expresses well the pros and the cons of LEMG, and it is my belief that over time, and with further research, this modality will becomeincreasinglyacceptedashaslaryngeal videostroboscopy over the pastfewyears.Thiswillrequirewelldesigned, multi-institutional studies to appropriately determine the full role of LEMG in the treatment of patients with voice and swallowing disorders.
Experimental and theoretical study of the electron-phonon scattering rate in potassium☆

Abstract Limiting-point radio-frequency size effect measurements have been performed in potassium to measure the anisotropy and magnitude of the electron-phonon scattering rate. The anisotropy is too small to be resolved by the method, and is estimated to be less than 10 per cent at low temperatures. Theoretical calculations confirm the small anisotropy, but yield a rate at least 40 per cent larger than that observed.
Fatty acid inhibition of hormonal induction of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase in hepatocyte monolayers

Primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes were utilized to ascertain the impact of free fatty acids on the insulin plus dexamethasone induction of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Lipogenesis was induced threefold by the combination of insulin and dexamethasone. The rise in fatty acid synthesis was accompanied by a comparable increase in the rate-determining enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Dexamethasone was required for the insulin induction of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Under the permissive action of glucocorticoid, 10(-7) M insulin maximally increased enzyme activity. Half-maximum stimulation occurred with 5 X 10(-9) M insulin. Media containing 0.2 mM palmitate, oleate, linoleate, arachidonate, or docosahexaenoate significantly suppressed the hormonal induction of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. The extent of suppression was only 30-35% and did not vary with chain length or degree of unsaturation. Carboxylase activity was not suppressed further by raising the concentration of linoleate to 0.5 mM; however, 0.5 mM palmitate depleted the cells of ATP and abolished acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity. Therefore, based upon the inhibitory characteristics of the various fatty acids and the lack of a concentration dependency of the fatty acid inhibition, it would appear that fatty acid inhibition of the induction of acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity may not be a direct, physiological regulatory mechanism.
Quantitative analysis of thorium in plutonium using reversed-phase liquid chromatography and spectrophotometric detection

Abstract We have developed a method for separating and quantitating trace amounts of thorium in plutonium using a C18 reversed-phase column, an eluent containing 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid as a complexant followed by post-column reaction with Arsenazo III, and an absorbance measurement at 656 nm. The method is linear over the range 1–50 μg/ml thorium and can detect thorium as low as 02. μg/ml. Precision is 3% relative standard deviation at the 4 μg/ml level. The method is simple, rapid, and precise and does not involve preliminary extraction or precipitation of thorium from plutonium or other potential contaminants.
The oral administration of insulin to rabbits.

ConclusionWhile the results of our work are not conclusive, they make it seem improbable that insulin when administered in alcoholic solution is absorbed from the stomach in amounts that would give this method of administration any practical importance.My thanks are due to Prof. E. L. Scott for suggesting this work.