cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A class of algorithms which require nonlinear time to maintain disjoint sets

Abstract This paper describes a machine model intended to be useful in deriving realistic complexity bounds for tasks requiring list processing. As an example of the use of the model, the paper defines a class of algorithms which compute unions of disjoint sets on-line, and proves that any such algorithm requires nonlinear time in the worst case. All set union algorithms known to the author are instances of the model and are thus subject to the derived bound. One of the known algorithms achieves the bound to within a constant factor.
Lessons Learned from the National Dissemination of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in the Veterans Health Administration: Impact of Training on Therapists' Self-Efficacy and Attitudes

Chronic insomnia, common among veterans, is associated with negative physical health, and, if untreated, can impact the severity of comorbid medical and psychiatric conditions. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is a highly effective and well-established treatment, but patient access is limited because few clinicians are trained to deliver the therapy. This article describes the training methods and the impact of training on therapists’ use of CBT-I and on their self-efficacy to deliver and attitudes toward CBT-I.
Limitations of the Current Child Sexual Abuse Medical Literature from a Bayesian Perspective

This article explores whether the current child sexual abuse literature supports the use of Bayes's Theorem as a means of incorporating medical examination findings into child protection decisions. The purpose of the article is to determine whether likelihood ratios for specific physical findings are available from the current medical literature and to describe deficiencies in the quality of the quantitative medical information available to child abuse decision makers. The article reviews the structure of the current literature from a medical decision-making framework. Of the articles providing quantitative estimates of the value of different physical findings for decision making, only one article allows for the calculation of likelihood ratios for physical examination findings in prepubertal females in a form that facilitates decision making. This article fails to address the interaction between different medical findings. In addition, the examiners in this study were not blinded to whether patients exam...
Critical incident preparedness and response on post-secondary campuses

Abstract Campus-based critical incidents received renewed focus in the aftermath of the Virginia Tech and Northern Illinois University shootings. Legislative bodies, task forces, and professional associations sought to provide campus public safety departments with a range of recommended strategies to prevent and mitigate accidental and intentional critical events. Using data from a national sample of colleges and universities, this study examined the status of critical incident preparedness and response in the spring of 2008. Results indicated a solid base of prevention and response capacity; at the same time, respondents highlighted areas lagging behind recommended practices and barriers limiting achieved changes.
Magnetic susceptibility measurements in PrBe13

The temperature dependent complex magnetic susceptibility of the Van Vleck paramagnet PrBe13 has been measured at temperatures below 20 mK in zero magnetic field. We observe an antiferromagnetic Curie-Weiss behaviour of the nuclear spin susceptibility with a Weiss temperature Θ = -2.2 mK.
Synthesis, Characterization, Reactivity, and Electrochemistry of Palladium Monolayer Protected Clusters

This paper describes the synthesis, characterization, reactivity, and electrochemistry of monolayer-protected clusters (MPCs) of palladium that are passivated by monolayers of hexanethiolate or dodecanethiolate ligands. The synthetic product is sensitive to the thiol:Pd ratio used in the reaction mixture: a 1:1 ratio or smaller ratio produces metallic Pd(0) clusters that are similar to analogously prepared Au MPCs, but much more ligand-rich, whereas ≥2:1 ratios yield a very different material that is either extremely small Pd(0) clusters or a form of Pd(II) alkanethiolate complex. The monolayers of the metallic Pd(0) MPCs that are synthesized using small thiol:Pd ratios can be modified by ligand place-exchange and coupling reactions. The electrochemistry of the Pd core and of electroactive labels attached to the alkanethiolate ligands was studied. Quantized double-layer core charging is seen but less clearly than with Au MPCs. The Pd nanoparticles were examined using NMR, FTIR, UV−vis, TEM, TGA, and elem...
Evoked potential and behavioral signs of attentive dysfunctions in hyperactive boys.

Subjects were 12 boys (12–14 yrs old) who had previously been diagnosed for hyperactivity (clinical group) and 15 age-matched normal controls. For the selective attention (SA) task vertex ERPs were recorded to dichotically presented tone pips, with differing frequencies to each ear. Each series contained randomly interspersed signals and subjects were instructed to count the signals to one ear (targets). Behavioral tasks consisted of responses to SA targets, a 10-min vigilance series, and dichotic listening. No significant group differences were found to non-attended channels for N and P amplitudes and latencies. N amplitude enhancements to the attended channels were significant for the controls (44%), but not for the clinical boys (14%). Also, P latencies and amplitudes to the target pips were significantly greater for the control than the clinical group. Behavioral responses showed significant deficits by the clinical boys for SA and vigilance, but not for dichotic listening. Correct behavioral SA responses correlated significantly with P target amplitudes, but not with N amplitude enhancements. These findings indicate severe dysfunctions by the clinical boys for selective attention, involving both stimulus and response sets.
On H/sup /spl infin// optimal signal reconstruction in noisy filter banks

We study the design of synthesis filters in noisy filter bank systems using an H/sup /spl infin// point of view. For unitary analysis polyphase matrices we obtain an explicit expression for the minimum achievable disturbance attenuation. Numerical examples and comparisons with existing methods are also included.
Catheter Ablation of the Atrioventricular Junction and Activity Responsive Pacing: Effect on Refractory Atrial Fibrillation with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

A 50-year-old man had chronic atrial fibrillation that was refractory to conventional therapy. He was intolerant of amiodarone, but successfully managed by transcatheter atrioventricular junction ablation. Activity-initiated rate-responsive ventricular pacing resulted in a fourfold greater increase in cardiac output with exercise compared to fixed rate pacing.
The effect of intermittent dosing of Nicotiana glauca on teratogenesis in goats.

Sustained inhibition of fetal movement in livestock species, induced by several poisonous plants, can result in numerous skeletal-contracture malformations. Lupines are responsible for a condition in cattle referred to as “crooked calf syndrome” that occurs when pregnant cattle graze teratogenic lupines. Similar malformations are also seen in animals poisoned by Conium maculatum (coniine) and Nicotiana glauca (anabasine). A proposed management strategy to limit these types of birth defects includes utilizing an intermittent grazing schedule to allow short durations of grazing lupine-infested areas interrupted by movement to a lupine-free pasture. The objective of this study was to use a goat model to determine if an intermittent schedule of five continuous days on treatment followed by two days off treatment would be sufficient to decrease, or prevent, the incidence of anabasine-induced malformations. The data from this study suggest that, for N. glauca in goats, the intermittent grazing program of five days exposure with two days of non-exposure is insufficient to prevent significant skeletal malformations from occurring. However, this study did demonstrate an inverse relationship between the amount of serum anabasine in the dam and the extent of fetal movement.
Spectroscopy And Reaction Kinetics Of Photolytically Generated Fe(CO) x (X = 2,3,4)

An apparatus for the gas phase infrared spectroscopic detection of coordinatively un-saturated metal carbonyls is described. Coordinatively unsaturated species are produced by UV photolysis. Infrared spectra of coordinatively unsaturated iron carbonyls are reported for the carbonyl stretch region. Rate constants for the reaction of Fe(C0) 3 and Fe(C0) 4 with CO are also reported. The photophysics of Fe(C0) x formation is discussed.
Some remarks on nonorthogonal orbitals in quantum chemistry

Abstract Some problems associated with the use of nonorthogonal orbitals in perturbation theory, population analysis, effective valence shell MO models, second quantization representation, bond orbital analysis, and other quantum chemical applications are discussed. It is shown how the introduction of natural atomic orbitals (NAOs) avoids the formal, conceptual, and numerical difficulties associated with nonorthogonal orbitals, and leads to a closer association with the orbital concepts of elementary valence theory.
Investment, the current account, and the relative price of non-traded goods in a small open economy

Abstract This paper incorporates traded and non-traded investment expenditure into an infinite-horizon setting with optimizing economic agents, extending previous research that has incorporated traded and non-traded investment into a two-period setting. The paper analyzes the dynamic adjustment of the relative price of non-traded output, the market price of capital, and the current account following exogenous shocks to the system. The exogenous shocks considered by the paper include permanent, transitory, and anticipated changes in an income tax and an investment subsidy as well as changes in the level of government purchases of traded and non-traded output.
Relative error (variability) associated with an improved instrument for measuring gingival crevicular fluid.

This investigation was undertaken to compare the variability in a new Periotron model 6000 to the variability in the previous Periotron model 600 and to the variability of the ninhydrin area method (NAM) for measuring quantities of fluid collected on filter paper strips. A Hamilton microliter syringe was used to deliver normal human serum to filter paper strips. Strips receiving varying quantities were randomly and blindly assigned to Periotron models 6000 and 600 until 10 strips containing each of 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, 0.75, 0.90 and 1.05 μl had been read using model 6000 and 10 strips containing each of 0.15, 0.30 and 0.45 μl had been read using model 600. All strips were subsequently read using the NAM. The entire procedure was repeated using distilled water containing 0.1% methyl green. Coefficients of variation (CV) were computed for all sets of data. In all cases the CVs for the Periotron 6000 were significantly smaller than those for the Periotron 600 or the NAM. Pooled estimates of CVs (0.15–0.4...
Party Cleavages and Welfare Effort in the American States

Attempts to determine the impact of party control on state welfare policy have produced mixed and inconclusive results, in part due to our inability to account for variations in the state partisan environments. I used CBS/New York Times surveys combined over the period 1976–88 to offer a detailed examination of the state party systems, resulting in a description of the dominant social group partisan cleavage in each state. This information is then used to examine the impact of party control on state welfare benefits. The findings show that the coalitional bases of the parties vary in important ways, both within and across the states. These differences in the state party systems have an important influence on the relationship between party control and state welfare effort. Specifically, party control has a significantly greater impact in states where partisan divisions reflect class-based New Deal-type coalitions. When examined in the context of state partisan environments, party control has a much greater impact on state welfare effort than has been suggested by previous studies.
Thallium bone imaging as an indicator of response and outcome in nonmetastatic primary extremity osteosarcoma.

Purpose. We investigated one 201Tl bone scintigraphy method as a predictor of histologic response and event-free survival (EFS) of nonmetastatic extremity osteosarcoma. Materials and methods. We evaluated images of the primary tumor to determine whether they exhibited a donut of avidity for 40 patients enrolled on a single institutional protocol. Participants underwent three serial 201Tl bone scintigraphy studies during preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Intra- and interobserver variability of the method was assessed, and the presence of the donut of avidity was examined as a predictor of EFS and histologic response. Results. Fifty-three percent of patients were female and 75 % were Caucasian; the median age at diagnosis was 13.5 years. Intraobserver agreement was moderate to very good, ranging from 0.595 to 0.865. Interobserver agreement was moderate to good for all time points, ranging from 0.576 to 0.708. There was a significant difference in EFS among patients with and without the donut-shape at any of the three time points (P = 0.049); patients whose tumors displayed a donutshape had inferior EFS. Conclusion. The pattern of donut avidity in extremity OS is a predictor of lower EFS, but does not correlate with histologic response to therapy
High-Rate Carburizing in a Glow-Discharge Methane Plasma

Carburizing at high temperature (1040°C) in a glow-discharge methane plasma signifi-cantly reduces carburizing time. Sufficient carbon to produce a 1.0 mm case on conven-tional carburizing steels can be introduced in 10 min at methane pressures in the range of 1.3 to 2.7 kPa (10 to 20 Torr). To reduce the carbon concentration at the surface to an acceptable level (007E1.0 wt pct) the plasma carburizing stage is followed by a short (007E30 min) diffusion step. To aid in optimizing the division of time between the carburizing and diffusion stages, and in separating the effects of plasma carburizing and high-temperature diffusion, a computer program was written to model the diffusion equation for appropriate initial and boundary conditions. Both model and experimental results show that a diffusion time/carburizing time ratio of at least 3: 1 is required. The diffusion model indicates that the exceptionally high carburizing rates observed arise from the rapid infusion of carbon into the surface from the plasma, during the carburizing stage and not from anomalously high diffusion rates. Exceptionally uniform cases on surfaces of irregular geometry are achieved, and significant amounts of natural gas are saved owing to both the reduced car-burizing time and the low pressures employed.
Determination of fiber-matrix interphase effective elastic moduli from ultrasonic phase velocity and attenuation data

Abstract This paper discusses two potential ultrasonic methods for characterization of fiber-matrix interphases in composites: measurement of phase velocity and attenuation. The characterization procedures of these two methods, including different implementations using analytical or numerical models, are reviewed with emphasis on the applicability of these methods. Examples of ultrasonic characterization of interphases in ceramic and intermetallic matrix composites are given and the relation between the measured and actual interphase moduli is discussed. Application of these techniques for interfacial damage assessment is also demonstrated, including characterization of oxidation damage in ceramic matrix composites and fatigue damage in metal matrix composites. The experimental results show that degradation of the interphasial layer significantly affects ultrasonic wave attenuation and velocity. Thus both methods are very useful for assessment of interfacial damage.
Ferromagnetic resonance spectra of lunar fines: some implications of line shape analysis

The source (s) of the ‘characteristic’ ferromagnetic resonance spectrum of lunar soils has been the subject of a protracted debate, one side of which has been presented in two recent papers of Tsay et al. Some relevant implications of a line shape analysis to be presented below are the following: 1. (1) the potential contributions of ferromagnetic phases having axial magneto-crystalline anisotropy can only be ruled out by careful computer line shape simulations. 2. (2) Whether the anisotropy is axial or cubic, Tsay et al. were correct in concluding that the asymmetric line shapes with “a narrower appearance on the high field side” imply positive anisotropy constants. 3. (3) Positive anisotropy constants are consistent with the presence of body-centered cubic metallic iron, but they are also consistent with the presence of certain cationsubstituted magnetites. 4. (4) If metallic iron and such magnetite-like phases should be co-present in any given sample, their effects cannot be disentangled by simply studying the temperature dependence of the ‘average’ linewidth, even though the linewidth-vs-temperature curves of the two component phases may have significantly different slopes.
The crucial role of criterion A: A response to Maier's commentary

We thank Maier for his thoughtful comments (this issue, pp. 925–926) and appreciate the opportunity to further explicate our views regarding the Criterion A problem. According to Maier, the obvious conclusion to be drawn from our article (Weathers & Keane, 2007) is that Criterion A should be eliminated. We believe the opposite, given the current conceptual and empirical status of the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) construct.
A Numerical Investigation of East Coast Cyclogenesis during the Cold-Air Damming Event of 27–28 February 1982. Part I: Dynamic and Thermodynamic Structure

A cyclogenesis event combined with strong cold-air damming, coastal frontogenesis, and extensive mixed precipitation, which occurred on February 27-28, 1982 at the South Carolina coast is investigated numerically. The prestorm environment and subsequent cyclogenesis was simulated using a nested version of the Penn State/NCAR mesoscale model with 35-km fine-mesh resolution. The model was found to successfully reproduce most principal synoptic and mesoscale features associated with this cyclogenesis case, including the storm path and intensification, the coastal front structure, cold-air damming, circulations induced by a polar jet streak, low-level jets, and precipitation. The results of this study reveal the existence of two moist airstreams fed by an onshore flow from the marine boundary layer east of the coastal front.
Microwave imaging in inhomogeneous media

To remotely image objects in a lossy inhomogeneous material requires advance knowledge on the geometry and electrical properties of the host material, as well as the positions of the transmitter and receiver relative to the host structure. Separate measurements with different apparatus are often required for obtaining this essential information. In this paper, we present a systematic approach to simultaneously retrieve information regarding both the target and the host material with a single synthetic aperture measurement. A variety of techniques have been invoked in this composite approach to extract the location, orientation, and mean propagation constant of the host structure. These parameters are subsequently used in the image focusing algorithm. It is shown that a substantial improvement in the image quality over a conventional pulse-echo system can be achieved.
Image segmentation approach to extract colon lumen through colonic material tagging and hidden Markov random field model for virtual colonoscopy

Virtual colonoscopy provides a safe, minimal-invasive approach to detect colonic polyps using medical imaging and computer graphics technologies. Residual stool and fluid are problematic for optimal viewing of the colonic mucosa. Electronic cleansing techniques combining bowel preparation, oral contrast agents, and image segmentation were developed to extract the colon lumen from computed tomography (CT) images of the colon. In this paper, we present a new electronic colon cleansing technology, which employs a hidden Markov random filed (MRF) model to integrate the neighborhood information for overcoming the non-uniformity problems within the tagged stool/fluid region. Prior to obtaining CT images, the patient undergoes a bowel preparation. A statistical method for maximum a posterior probability (MAP) was developed to identify the enhanced regions of residual stool/fluid. The method utilizes a hidden MRF Gibbs model to integrate the spatial information into the Expectation Maximization (EM) model-fitting MAP algorithm. The algorithm estimates the model parameters and segments the voxels iteratively in an interleaved manner, converging to a solution where the model parameters and voxel labels are stabilized within a specified criterion. Experimental results are promising.
Parallel plate radiofrequency ion thruster

An 8-cm-diam. argon ion thruster is described. It is operated by applying 100 to 160 Mhz rf power across a thin plasma volume in a strongly divergent static magnetic field. No cathode or electron emitter is required to sustain a continuous wave plasma discharge over a broad range of propellant gas flow. Preliminary results indicate that a large fraction of the incident power is being reflected by impedance mismatching in the coupling structure. Resonance effects due to plasma thickness, magnetic field strength, and distribution are presented. Typical discharge losses obtained to date are 500 to 600 W per beam ampere at extracted beam currents up to 60 mA.
Mechanical Properties of Chemically Strengthened Glasses at High Temperatures

Young's modulus, shear modulus, and modulus of rapture for two chemically strengthened glasses were determined at high temperatures. The Young's modulus and shear modulus decreased with increasing temperature, with a sharp inflection slightly above room temperature. The region of inflection indicated an internal friction peak. For comparison Young's modulus and shear modulus were determined as a function of temperature on a thermally tempered soda-lime-silica glass and on a semitempered borosilicate glass. Curves of these moduli, in contrast to those for the chemically strengthened glasses, did not reveal regions of inflection. The modulus of rupture is not affected by short exposure to heat up to 260°C., but decreases appreciably when exposed to temperatures above 204°C for 200 hr or more. Deflection measurements at room temperature showed that the two chemically strengthened glasses had about five times as much delayed elasticity as did thermally tempered soda-lime-silica glass.
Role of lysophosphatidic acid and rho in glioma cell motility.

We have studied the effects of the bioactive phospholipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) on cell lines derived from highly invasive human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Using transwell migration assays, we show that LPA stimulates both chemokinetic and chemotactic migration of glioma cells. Blood brain barrier breakdown and leakage of serum components that most likely include LPA are common features of GBM. Therefore, the effects of LPA on glioma cell motility are intriguing given the fact that, in vivo, GBM cells often migrate great distances from the main tumor, rendering successful therapy extremely difficult. We show here that LPA initiates a variety of signaling cascades in glioma cells. LPA-enhanced transwell migration was sensitive to pertussis toxin (PTX) treatment suggesting an important role for Gi subtype of G proteins. LPA also stimulated Ca2+ fluctuations and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKS) 1 and 2, although blocking either pathway had little effect on glioma cell migration. Exposure of glioma cells to LPA resulted in phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain (RLC) of myosin II and the formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions. These effects were blocked by Y-27632, an inhibitor of Rho-activated ROCK kinases. Time-lapse video microscopy revealed that Y-27632-treatment caused cells to assume long thin morphologies that suggested deficiencies in the contractile apparatus. Furthermore, many cells exhibited a conspicuous extension of processes when Rho/ROCK kinase cascades were inhibited. The above results suggest that LPA/Rho signaling cascades play important roles in glioma cell motility and that exposure of tumor cells to LPA in vivo may contribute to their invasive phenotype. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 45:185–199, 2000 © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Binary black holes: Spin dynamics and gravitational recoil

We present a study of spinning black hole binaries focusing on the spin dynamics of the individual black holes as well as on the gravitational recoil acquired by the black hole produced by the merger. We consider two series of initial spin orientations away from the binary orbital plane. In one of the series, the spins are antialigned; for the second series, one of the spins points away from the binary along the line separating the black holes. We find a remarkable agreement between the spin dynamics predicted at 2nd post-Newtonian order and those from numerical relativity. For each configuration, we compute the kick of the final black hole. We use the kick estimates from the series with antialigned spins to fit the parameters in the Kidder kick formula, and verify that the recoil in the direction of the orbital angular momentum is $\ensuremath{\propto}\mathrm{sin}﻿\ensuremath{\theta}$ and on the orbital plane $\ensuremath{\propto}\mathrm{cos}﻿\ensuremath{\theta}$, with $\ensuremath{\theta}$ the angle between the spin directions and the orbital angular momentum. We also find that the black hole spins can be well estimated by evaluating the isolated horizon spin on spheres of constant coordinate radius.
The varieties of fear

I shall conclude with a methodological moral. I have tried to show that there are several fundamentally different kinds of fear. One is a pure propositional attitude, one is partially a bodily state, and one is a relation between a person and a nonpropositional object. Other emotions come in similar varieties, such as hope and happiness, but with significant differences. The state of happiness, for example, does not entail any particular bodily state or feeling. So one lesson is this: it is hard to generalize about “the emotions.” Further detailed, analytical studies of particular emotions are needed before a “general theory of the emotions” can be fruitfully attempted.
Accelerated aging of fasted Drosophila Preservation of Physiological function and cellular fine structure by thiazolidine carboxylic acid (TCA)

Abstract Thizalidine carboxylic acid (TCA) is a natural liver metabilite whose Mg-salt increased lifespan of flies and mice (Miquel and Economics, 1979, Exp. Geront.14: 279). We studied the physiological and cellular fine structural effects of various concentrations of TCA in the food of male Drosophila. Flies on 0.3% TCA at 27°C had a reduced oxygen consumption rate (about 20% less than controls) at 3 eks of age while their mating capacity and speed of mating were preserved; the flies lived in various experiments 20–30% longer than controls. Apparently TCA improved the metabolic efficiency of the flies (possibly from less “waste” of energy due to improved mitochondrial coupling). However, flies on 0.9% TCA had a reduced mating capacity and lifespan (:toxicity) while at 0.1% TCA was ineffective. A similar dose-response relationship was found in young flies treated with TCA for 1 week and then deprived of food and water, a procedure found to induce accelerated physiological aging. TCA at the 0.3% and 0.6% level reduced the speed of development and the size of the eclosed flies. Electron microscopic investigation of wing muscle showed that 0.3% TCA had a protective effect on cellular fine structure. Though in starved controls (40% survivors after 25 hours of starvation) there was a total absence of glucogen granules, and a striking and densification of mitochondria, TCA to a large extent protected muscle cells from these effects of starvation.
Pediatric cardiomyopathies related to fatty acid metabolism

Abstract Inborn errors of metabolism affecting the fatty acid s-oxidation pathway lead to cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, and sudden death. In this article, an overview of the clinical presentations, diagnosis, treatment, and long-term outcome is provided with an emphasis on cardiovascular manifestations. With the expanded newborn screening program, these patients are coming to clinical attention earlier and the opportunity for pre-symptomatic intervention exists. It is important that clinicians are familiar with the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and management of this clinically heterogeneous group of disorders.
Embryology of neural tube development

Neurulation is the process of forming the neural tube, which will become the brain and spinal cord. This article reviews the various cellular processes involved in neurulation and discusses possible roles of folate in this process.
Recurrence of pseudoaneurysm after successful embolization.

Purpose:To report the initial successful treatment of a hepatic pseudoaneurysm by a partially formed coil and subsequent recurrence secondary to coil migration and configuration change.Methods and ...
Analytical light source illuminance in liquid crystal projection TV

Illumination is one of the key factors of LCD projection TV. It is important to design a light source that provides uniform illuminance and high intensity light beams parallel to optical axis direction. There are various kinds of light sources that correspond to different light radiation distributions. It is necessary to use a back reflector in the light source system, to confine the light radiation into a solid angle and to conserve the highest illuminance efficiency. In this paper, we compare four different kinds of reflector curves that are simple Cartesian surface, compound Cartesian surface, multiple facet surface, and complex surface. The light source used in this work is a metal halide lamp. The lengths of lamp arc as well as the lamp tube shape are playing an important role in the design of the reflector curve for final illuminance performance. Our results provide a selection rule of reflector configurations toward a desired illumination distribution.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Biomimetische Cyclisierungen von Polyenen

Gewisse Polyene mit trans-standigen Doppelbindungen in 1,5-Stellung zueinander konnen zu stereospezifischen, nichtenzymatischen, kationischen Cyclisierungen veranlast werden, bei denen polycyclische Produkte mit der „naturlichen” all-trans-Konfiguration entstehen. Diese Umwandlungen ahmen offenbar im Prinzip die biochemische Uberfuhrung von Squalen in polycyclische Triterpenoide nach. Acetal- und Allylalkohol-Funktionen sind gute Initiatoren fur diese Cyclisierungen, und Methylacetylen-Endgruppen sind besonders nutzliche Terminatoren, da sie zu funfgliedrigen Ringen fuhren. So war es z. B. moglich, in einem einzigen Schritt ein Tetraencarbaldehydacetal ohne ein einziges chirales Zentrum in ein tetracyclisches Produkt mit sieben chiralen Zentren uberzufuhren. Diese sterisch hochspezifische Reaktion ergibt nur zwei von 64 moglichen Racematen. Es wurden auch Systeme zur Totalsynthese des Steroidgerusts aus Substraten mit nur einem Ring entwickelt. Der Mechanismus sowohl dieser biomimetischen als auch der enzymatischen Cyclisierungen ist noch unbekannt; die Argumente fur einen Synchronprozes sind etwas gewichtiger als diejenigen fur eine stufenweise Reaktion.
Transitional Care Coordination in New York City Jails: Facilitating Linkages to Care for People with HIV Returning Home from Rikers Island

New York City (NYC) jails are the epicenter of an epidemic that overwhelmingly affects Black and Hispanic men and offer a significant opportunity for public health intervention. The NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene instituted population based approaches to identify the HIV-infected, initiate discharge planning at jail admission, and facilitate post-release linkages to primary care. Using a caring and supportive 'warm transitions' approach, transitional care services are integral to continuity of care. Since 2010, over three-quarters of known HIV-infected inmates admitted to jails received discharge plans; 74 % of those released were linked to primary care. The EnhanceLink initiative's new Health Liaison, a lynchpin role, facilitated 250 court-led placements in medical alternatives to incarceration. Transitional care coordination programs are critical to facilitate continuity of care for people with chronic health conditions including the HIV-infected returning home from jail and for the public health of the communities to which they return.
Slew-induced deformation shaping

Computed torques for pointing and tracking require compensation for slew-induced structural, forebody/aftbody, or optical train alignment deformations. Thus even if only line-of-sight variables are to be commanded, full state feedback is needed. The solution proposed is to decouple by feedforward of the line-of-sight slew dynamics into the deformation control loop. It is shown how arbitrarily few actuators are needed for such deformation shaping, at the cost of higher differentiability of the reference line-of-sight dynamics. The low-rate, single-axis case is developed in detail, and its extension to high rates and multiple axes by global feedback linearization is outlined. >
Diamond windows for high-power lasers: an initial assessment

Diamond exhibits unusually favorable properties in terms of mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, and optical transmission, which make this material highly attractive for infrared (IR) applications that involve severe heat loads. Until recently, diamond has been available only in the form of relatively small crystals, but this situation is evolving rapidly as a result of major advances in the art of growing diamond by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques. Success in producing large, free-standing deposits having properties that match those of natural diamond has stimulated enormous interest and has given rise to much speculation about CVD diamond as an 'ideal' optical material for a wide range of engineering uses in the IR; the objective of this paper is to present a critical assessment of some of the issues that arise in connection with using diamond as a window material for high-power lasers. In a high-average-power environment, defect-free single-crystal diamond, preferably (111)-orientated to avoid anisotropic elastic responses, may indeed provide an outstanding window-material candidate for operation in the near IR. The power-handling capability, however, will be limited by thermal lensing, which can only be eliminated if absorption-free anti-reflection coatings become available; another limitation concerns the edge heat-transfer coefficient, which must be substantially above the state of the art to avoid nullifying the advantage derived from the superior thermal conductivity of diamond at low temperatures. Pressure-induced and thermally induced stresses are of no consequence, but diamond windows are not particularly promising for very-high-peak-power operation considering the non-linear index of refraction, which may cause highly damaging self-focusing effects.
Design of a graphite filter/beryllium window for CHESS wiggler beamlines

We present a graphite-filter/beryllium-window design for the high power wiggler beam lines at CHESS. This design, which has been in operation since 1993 and proves to be very successful, employs a 0.25 mm thick highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) foil as a prefilter to reduce the heat load on the first vacuum beryllium window. Unlike most graphite filter designs in other synchrotron sources that rely entirely on radiative cooling, the HOPG filter in our design is brazed onto a water-cooled copper flange which substantially lowers its maximum temperature and prolongs its operational lifetime. We discuss the safety criteria that we have established based on theoretical calculations and infrared temperature measurements on the graphite filter and the beryllium window.
The growth of InGaAsP by CBE for SCH quantum well lasers operating at 1.55 and 1.4 μm

InGaAsP has been grown by CBE at compositions of 1.1, 1.2 and 1.4 μm for the development of MQW-SCH lasers. The observed incorporation coefficients for TMI and TEG show strong temperature sensitivity while the phosphorus and arsenic incorporation behavior is constant over the substrate temperature range explored, 530 to 580°C setpoint. For higher substrate temperatures the growth rate increases with the largest growth rates occurring for the 1.4 μm quaternary. Low temperature photoluminescence indicates the possibility of compositional grading or clustering for the 1.1 μm material and also for the 1.2 μm material grown at the lowest substrate temperature. The final laser structure was grown with the InP cladding regions grown at 580°C with the inner cladding and active regions grown at 555°C. Using this approach we have successfully grown MQW-SCH lasers with the composition of the active InxGa1−xAs ranging from x=0.33 to x=0.73. Threshold current densities as low as 689 A/cm2 have been measured for an 800 μm×90 μm broad area device with x=0.68.
SPATIAL DIMENSIONS OF URBAN SOCIAL TRAVEL

ABSTRACT Two basic hypotheses are tested in this paper. First, the frequency of social trips will decline with increasing travel distance between the interacting participants. Secondly, an individual of a given socioeconomic status will be more likely to choose as a social contact someone of similar status, his frequency declining with progressively dissimilar status levels. Although the findings at the census tract level were less clear-cut than expected, they tended to confirm the hypotheses. Conclusions based on detailed neighborhood surveys strongly point up a distance decay in social travel and an interaction of individuals by socioeconomic status. Based on friendship origins, the neighborhood data show both a distance and a social network component. Factor analysis of the social ties matrix suggests the effects of distance bias and residential status on social interaction in the city.
Relative efficacy of, and some adverse reactions to, different antihypertensive regimens.

Abstract Although it is a common belief that all antihypertensive agents are equally effective in reducing blood pressure, there is some evidence to the contrary, both in the general population and when specific patient demographics are considered. In black patients, β blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been shown to be less effective at reducing blood pressure than the thiazide diuretics. After age 60, the percentage of responders to β blockers is less than with calcium antagonists, and a higher percentage of elderly patients also achieve normotensive blood pressure levels with diuretic therapy than with β blockers. When a thiazide diuretic is added to an ACE inhibitor, β blocker or calcium antagonist, the number of normotensive responders increases significantly. Combinations of some other agents (i.e., an ACE inhibitor plus a β blocker) may not, however, improve efficacy. Diuretics, β blockers and ACE inhibitors are all generally well tolerated, with a 9 to 10% incidence of subjective side effects. The use of calcium antagonists and especially the centrally acting adrenergic inhibitors may result in more frequent adverse effects. Data from long-term, diuretic-based clinical trials do not support the statement that diuretic therapy results in sustained elevations in lipid levels. These trials have shown cholesterol levels to be at or below baseline after long-term diuretic therapy. The use of β blockers, on the other hand, may result in long-term elevation of triglyceride levels and a slight decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Calcium antagonists and ACE inhibitors do not affect lipid levels, and α blockers may actually lower cholesterol levels and increase high-density lipoprotein levels. Whereas some studies have demonstrated a link between diuretic-induced hypokalemia and increased ventricular ectopy, other studies have not. It appears prudent, however, while awaiting additional data, to prevent hypokalemia from developing in those patients at high risk for arrhythmias and heart disease. In such cases, the use of a potassium-sparing diuretic combination is probably preferable to the use of potassium supplements.
Perioperative medication management.

The management of a patient’s usual medications in the preoperative period is often a difficult and perplexing problem. Among the challenges faced by the physician when managing medication issues for surgical patients are the patient’s response to the stresses of surgery, the patient’s underlying diseases and the degree of control afforded by ongoing treatment, and the likelihood of some period where oral treatment is not an option. In addition, there are few controlled trials regarding perioperative medication discontinuation and resumption, so decisions regarding management are often made based on manufacturer’s recommendations, consensus, or anecdotes. This article will attempt to provide data, when available, for adjusting medications in the perioperative setting and will provide advice when data are lacking. Because some medications are known to influence surgical risk or surgical decisions (eg, antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, some hormonal therapies, and herbal remedies), it is important to obtain a complete medication list from the patient, including over-the-counter medications and dietary supplements. Adjusting doses or discontinuing certain potentially complicating medications in advance of surgery is one obvious reason that elective procedures are less prone to complications than emergent procedures. Most medications are tolerated well through surgery and do not interfere with anesthetic administration. Therefore, most drugs should be continued through the morning of surgery unless totally unnecessary (eg, vitamins) or contraindicated (eg, herbal products). In particular, antihypertensive, anticonvulsant, and antipsychiatric medications should be given unless specifically contraindicated.
Cloning, sequencing, and expression of an Escherichia coli acid phosphatase/phytase gene (appA2) isolated from pig colon.

Abstract Bacterial strains were isolated from the pig colon to screen for phytase and acid phosphatase activities. Among 93 colonies, Colony 88 had the highest activities for both enzymes and was identified as an Escherichia coli strain. Using primers derived from the E. coli pH 2.5 acid phosphatase appA sequence (Dassa et al. (1990), J. Bacteriol. 172, 5497–5500), we cloned a 1482 bp DNA fragment from the isolate. In spite of 95% homology between the sequenced gene and the appA, 7 amino acids were different in their deduced polypeptides. To characterize the properties and functions of the encoded protein, we expressed the coding region of the isolated DNA fragment and appA in Pichia pastoris, respectively, as r-appA2 and r-appA. The recombinant protein r-appA2, like r-appA and the r-phyA phytase expressed in Aspergillus niger , was able to hydrolyze phosphorus from sodium phytate and p -nitrophenyl phosphate. However, there were distinct differences in their pH profiles, K m and V max for the substrates, specific activities of the purified enzymes, and abilities to release phytate phosphorus in soybean meal. In conclusion, the DNA fragment isolated from E. coli in pig colon seems to encode for a new acid phosphatase/phytase and is designated as E. coli appA2.
Quality of Pharmacotherapy Consultations Provided by Drug Information Centers in the United States

We evaluated the performance of 116 U.S. drug information centers in responding to specific questions about drugs. The primary measures were correctness of responses and extent of probing for patient data. Questions addressed the effect of ranitidine on blood alcohol concentrations, the potential interaction between didanosine and dapsone, prevention of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced peptic ulcers, and use of erythromycin for diabetic gastroparesis. The percentages of centers providing correct overall responses were 70% for the ranitidine question, 90% for the didanosine-dapsone question, 8% for the NSAID question, and 20% for the erythromycin question. For the three patient-specific questions, the percentages of centers eliciting vital patient data were 27% for the didanosine-dapsone question, 86% for the NSAID question, and 5% for the erythromycin question. In providing pharmacotherapy consultations, drug information centers generally failed to obtain pertinent patient data, thereby risking incorrect responses and inappropriate recommendations.
Practice with Transgendered Youth and Their Families

Abstract Each of the ways of being transgendered relates to individuals' sense of themselves as sexed and gendered persons. Finding the 'best fit' in terms of individual and family relations requires being open to and exploring the multiple meanings of sex and gender. For families this can be difficult, confusing and painful. This paper explores a wide range of issues confronting social work practice with transgend-ered persons and their families.
Risk factors for pulmonary edema in triplet pregnancies.

OBJECTIVE: Multiple gestations are known to be at increased risk for pulmonary edema. Our objective was to characterize this morbidity in a cohort of triplet pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN: Charts from triplet pregnancies managed by the Georgetown University Hospital Maternal–Fetal Medicine service were abstracted for demographic information and complications. Cases who developed pulmonary edema were compared with those who did not using Fisher exact test, χ2 and Student's t-test with p<0.05 considered significant. RESULTS: Of 66 triplet pregnancies with complete records, 15 (22.7%) were complicated by pulmonary edema. Patients developing this condition were more likely to be receiving magnesium sulfate therapy than those who did not [14/15 (93.3%) vs 32/51 (62.7%) p=0.049]. There was no difference between patients developing pulmonary edema and those who did not in terms of maternal age (mean±SD: 34.5±6.8 vs 34±4.3 years, p=0.8) or gestational age at delivery (33.3±2.3 vs 32.8±3.5 weeks, p=0.6), but the former group had smaller babies than the latter (1739± 369 vs 1891±538 g, p=0.04). Among the patients treated with magnesium sulfate, those who developed the more severe form of pulmonary edema were more likely than those who did not to have been treated for pre-eclampsia than preterm labor (6/10 (60%) vs 7/33 (21.2%), p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary edema is a common complication of triplet pregnancy. Patients receiving magnesium sulfate, having pre-eclampsia or fetal growth restriction are at increased risk for pulmonary edema, particularly in its worst clinical presentation.