cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Construction of Biliterate Narratives and Identities between Parents and Children.

This article highlights two bilingual families who participated in a larger study titled ΓC£Revaluing Readers and Families.ΓC¥┬a Drawing on multiple theoretical perspectives to highlight the experiences of a Greek and English speaking family and a Spanish and English speaking family, this article explores how these two bilingual families created narratives and identities about biliteracy based on their perceptions of their childrenΓCOs bilingual reading abilities.┬a Through a comparative analysis of multiple data sources that includes ethnographic observations, interview data, and miscue analysis data, this article investigates how the families co-constructed their childrenΓCOs biliterate identities by acting and reacting to their childrenΓCOs oral reading abilities in two languages.┬a Instead of viewing biliteracy as an all-or-nothing enactment, the findings suggest that families generate narratives of biliteracy that allow them to define and defend their childrenΓCOs biliterate identities and abilities.┬a The implications of this research for educational settings are also discussed.
Osteoblast biocompatibility of novel chitosan crosslinker, hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate.

Chitosan is a naturally occurring polysaccharide, which has proven to be an attractive candidate for bone tissue engineering, due to its ability to promote osteoblast mineralization. Electrospinning has become a well-established cell scaffold processing technique, as it produces a high surface area to volume fibrous material that can mimic the three dimensionality of the extracellular matrix of a cell. In this study, we have investigated the osteoblast response to two different chemically crosslinked (hexamethylene-1,6-diaminocarboxysulfonate (HDACS) and genipin) electrospun chitosan scaffolds and their film counterparts in order to determine how material chemistry influences cellular behavior in conjunction with material topology. In addition, material properties of each fiber scaffold such as porosity and tensile strength were considered. MLO-A5 osteoblast cells grown on chitosan-HDACS scaffolds were found to display a more organized cellular network, along with significantly more filopodia extensions, compared to those grown on chitosan-genipin scaffolds. After 2 days of growth on chitosan-HDACS fibers, a higher level of alkaline phosphatase expression in MLO-A5 cells was reported compared to that of either chitosan-genipin fibers or films. These results indicate that not only chemistry, but also surface topology is an important effecter of cellular behavior. Ultimately, chitosan-HDACS fiber scaffolds provided an adequate substrate for osteoblast attachment and proliferation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 3026–3033, 2015.
Work‐family conflict and work‐family synergy for generation X, baby boomers, and matures

Purpose – This paper aims to explore generational effects on work‐family conflict and synergyDesign/methodology/approach – The design is cross‐sectional and investigates large US national probability samples. Multiple regressions and ANOVAs were used in the analyses.Findings – Generational differences in work‐family conflict and synergy were found. Mental health and job pressure were the strongest predictors of work‐family conflict for each group. Matures were significantly more satisfied than baby boomers and generation Xers.Research limitations/implications – All measures were self‐reports collected at one point in time. Thus, common method variance may be an issue and causal inferences cannot be made. Life stage and family stage differed for the generational groups and this should be explored in subsequent research.Practical implications – Managers and human resource professionals need to consider generational differences in work‐family program design and monitor patterns of program usage for each grou...
The stigmatized physical educator

The purpose of this autoethnography is to challenge the traditional, hegemonic, able-bodied identity of a physical educator and to create a space for ‘non-traditional’ physical educators to speak up about their personal experiences and embodied identities. Specifically, I utilise a personal narrative approach in my attempt to address issues of embodiment, ‘the body’ and illness in relation to my teacher identity, with a particular focus on how I have navigated a spinal injury, partial paralysis and lower back surgeries as a physical education teacher educator. Throughout this article, I first explore how my teacher identity was initially centred on my athletic, able-bodied self as a young, naive secondary physical education teacher. I then delve into how my teacher identity as a physical educator has been changed and altered due to an unexpected ‘illness’ and deteriorated physical conditions I have encountered over the past decade, causing me to question, challenge and critique my perceptions of my teache...
Antibody NCL-CD5 fails to detect neoplastic CD5+ cells in paraffin sections.

Many low grade B-cell lymphomas, and most T-cell lymphomas, express CD5 on their surface. This expression has been demonstrated in fresh cells or frozen sections. Recently, a new monoclonal antibody to CD5, NCL-CD5, has been introduced that detects CD5 in paraffin-embedded tissues. Paraffin-embedded tissues from five patients with small lymphocytic lymphoma (SL), four patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and one patient each with large granular lymphocytic leukemia, diffuse large cell lymphoma (T cell), and mycosis fungoides were stained with the NCL-CD5 antibody after unmasking the antibody with the steam/citrate technique. All these cases had CD5 positivity demonstrated by flow cytometry or on cytospin or frozen section preparations. In addition, one case of angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia (CD5+), two cases of SL/CLL (CD5-), and one case CD5- T-cell lymphoma were also investigated. Of the 12 CD5+ malignancies, only 1, an SL, was positive with the NCL-CD5 antibody. In seven of these cases, both B-5 and formalin-fixed tissues were tested ; the one positive case was positive only in the formalin tissue. The three CD5- malignancies were also negative in paraffin sections (P =.001 ; McNemar test). However, reactive T cells did stain in these biopsy sections. The case of Castleman's disease showed many CD5+ cells with the NCL-CD5 antibody. Although NCL-CD5 does indeed stain reactive T cells in paraffin sections, it does not appear to stain neoplastic CD5+ cells.
Super-dressed two-level atom: Very high harmonic generation and related phenomena

We present here a two-level model that not only reproduces experimentally observed plateau, but also allows us to evaluate its characteristics in explicit analytic form and predict new dramatic effects. Rare gases and rare-gas like ions in which high order odd harmonic generation (HHG) has been observed so far, may not be inconsistent with two-level description as far as HHG is concerned. >
Comparison of phase retrieval algorithms

Three algorithms for support-limited phase retrieval from Fourier magnitude are compared by computer simulation using small test arrays. It was found that Fienup's hybrid input-output algorithm is superior in terms of both computer time requirement and noise sensitivity.
Disentangling the Relation Between Television Viewing and Cognitive Processes in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Comparison Children

Objectives To develop causal hypotheses regarding the effects of television viewing on cognitive processes in children and to examine the proposition that deleterious effects of television may be stronger among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Design Longitudinal study involving 2 phases occurring 18 months apart. Setting University research facilities in Lexington. Participants Fifty-nine children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and 106 comparison children. The children's mean age was 7.18 years at phase 1 and 8.74 years at phase 2. Main Outcome Measures Laboratory measures of visual attention to television, cognitive engagement to televised stories, factual recall of televised stories, and causal recall of televised stories. Parental reports of a child's weekly television viewing. Results Among comparison children, phase 1 television viewing negatively predicted phase 2 visual attention and phase 2 cognitive engagement (after accounting for phase 1 levels of the outcome variables and any relevant demographic variables). Also among comparison children, phase 1 attention negatively predicted phase 2 television viewing, even after accounting for phase 1 levels of television viewing and relevant demographic variables. These patterns were not observed among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Conclusions Contrary to recent arguments, television viewing was associated with cognitive abilities in comparison children but not children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, a finding that suggests more careful examinations of the relation between television viewing and children's cognitive abilities are in order. Future studies should consider the possibility that any effects of television may be limited to certain developmental periods.
Household ofrendas and community feasts: ritual at a Late Intermediate Period village in the Jequetepeque Valley, Peru

This article explores domestic and community rituals in the Late Intermediate Period village of Pedregal, in the lower Jequetepeque Valley on the north coast of Peru. Excavations in 2006 identified rituals on multiple scales, from offerings of burnt maize within houses to community feasts. Some of these rituals used imported products or referenced public rituals at elite centers, incorporating Pedregal residents into wider spheres of interaction. However, local ritual was also focused on intimate daily life within rural households, and served to unite community members, emphasizing local identities in the face of the region's increasing incorporation into the Chimu empire.
Recommended NICU design standards and the physical environment of the NICU.

Newborn ICU (NICU) design has changed dramatically in the past 25 years, perhaps more than any other area of the hospital. Research and experience have demonstrated the pervasive effect of the physical environment not only on the developing newborn brain, but also on the families and caregivers who spend many hours a day in the NICU.
1,3-Dioxolane C-Nucleosides: Asymmetric Synthesis of Four Stereoisomers of 2-[2-(Hydroxymethyl)-1,3-Dioxolan-S-yl)-1,3-Thiazole-4-Carboxamide

Abstract Asymmetric synthesis of four novel C-nucleosides, (2′R,5′R)-, (2′S,5′R)-, (2′S,5′S)- and (2′R,5′S)-2-[2-hydroxymelhy])-1,3-dioxolan-5-yl]-1 ,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide has been accomplished by the condensation of key intermediates, 2-(1R- and 1S-glycol-1-yl)-4-ethoxycarbonyl-1,3-thiazole with 2-benzoyloxy acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal.
A regional investigation of the interrelationships between domestic and transnational terrorism: a time series analysis

It is generally deemed that domestic and transnational terrorism respond to different types of events. This study updates Enders, Sandler, and Gaibulloev’s previous analysis to include data through the fourth quarter of 2010 and provides analysis of terrorism at the regional level. Vector autoregressions are used to show that previous findings are accurate on the whole, but that there are important differences between regions. Notably, the Granger-causality for the world depends on whether Iraq and Afghanistan are included in the sample, and impulse response functions highlight the persistent effect a shock to transnational terrorism can have on domestic terrorism.
COMPARISON OF MIVACURIUM AND SUXAMETHONIUM ADMINISTERED BY BOLUS AND INFUSION

Mivacurium chloride is a new, short-acting non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent presently undergoing clinical evaluation. The neuromuscular effects of mivacurium and suxamethonium given by bolus and infusion were compared in adult patients during nitrous oxide-oxygen-oploid anaesthesia. Neuromuscular block was monitored by recording the compound electromyogram of the adductor pollicis muscle resulting from supramaximal train-of-four stimuli applied to the ulnar nerve. Time to onset of complete block and recovery to T5 were significantly shorter for suxamethonium than for mivacurium (1.0 (0.1) v. 2.5 (0.3) min and 6.4 (0.7) v. 17.5 (1.8) min; mean (SEM)). Conditions for tracheal intubation were similar in the two groups although intubation was performed 0.75–1.3 min later following mivacurium. The infusion rate required to maintain neuromuscular block was 88.6 (10.4) μg kg−1 min−1 for suxamethonium and 7.8 (1.2) μg kg−1 min−1 for mivacurium. There was a significant negative correlation between recovery to T5 and infusion rate for mivacurium and for suxamethonium. It was equally easy to titrate the in fusion rate to the desired degree of block in each group. The recovery index (T25–T75) after the infusion stopped was similar in patients who received mivacurium and those who received suxamethonium.
Education and Risk of Suicide: An Analysis of African Americans

Abstract The effect of education level on suicide risk among African Americans is a neglected subject. Gains in educational attainment for African Americans over the last three decades have not resulted in corresponding gains in economic success, a situation that can promote anomic suicide. Observers of African American suicide have also argued that middle-class aspirants tend to have weak communal ties or low social integration. A logistic regression analysis of recently released, national individual-level data for 1989 finds that for every year of education the odds of suicide among African American males increase 8 percent. In contrast, for white males each year of education lowers the odds of suicide by 2 percent. For African Americans, the structural imbalance between educational means and economic ends is associated with a positive link between education and suicide.
Successful Management of Pacing System Malfunctions without Surgery: The Role of Programmable Pulse Generators

The value of programmable pulse generators for correcting pacing system malfunction without surgical revision was assessed in 293 patients. Twenty-five patients (8.5%) developed malfunctions from one day to 38 months after implant. Of these, 16 or 64% were successfully managed by programming alone, while nine patients required lead repositioning or a new lead. The majority (75%) of isolated pacing and sensing maifunctjons were corrected by programming, but programming restored normal pacing function in only one of five patients who had combined sensing and pacing malfunctions which appeared early after pacemaker insertion. We conclude that programmable pulse generators are particularly useful for managing isolated pacing or sensing malfunctions, However, programmabiloity is not a substitute for coreful lead placement. (PACE, Vol. 5. September-October, 1982]
Registration of DGE-1, Durum Wheat Alien Disomic Addition Line with Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight

The durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) alien disomic addition line, DGE-1 (Reg No. GS-156, PI 645483), was developed by the USDA-ARS, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo, ND and released in 2006. DGE-1 (2n = 28+2) possesses an additional pair of chromosomes from diploid wheatgrass, Lophopyrum elongatum (Host) A. Love (2n = 2x = 14; EE genome) conferring resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by the fungus Fusarium graminearum Schwabe. The pedigree of DGE-1 is [(Langdon/L. e/ongatum//Langdon)*1/Langdon]*8. The (Langdon x L. elongatum) F 1 hybrid (2n = 2x = 21; ABE genomes) was backcrossed with the recurrent Langdon parent, then selfed for one generation, and backcrossed again before selfing for several cycles. The addition line with FHB resistance (less than 21% on the visual scale; mean = 6.5% in the generation before release) was obtained by selecting for resistance in each generation after the durum wheat chromosome complement was reconstituted with the added alien chromosome in one and later in double dose. The extra chromosome involved is 1E of L. elongatum.
A cost-benefit analysis for the design and implementation of reverse logistics systems: case studies approach

Reverse logistics (RL) has created new and innovative opportunities for academic researchers and business communities to explore the strategic, economic, environmental, and regulatory implications of recycled, remanufactured, and disposed products. This paper considered and analysed the relevant literature in RL and identified the present state of theory in RL regarding cost-benefit. The research methodology used is exploratory case study approach. The cost-benefit is analysed and evaluated in terms of specific sub-factors associated with it by use of two in-depth case studies. Two companies from different industries engaged in RL operations are considered. The analysis of these case studies resulted in propositions and insights regarding RL operations. Based on these insights, the cost-benefit sub-factors, propositions, and a framework for effective design and implementation of RL operations are provided. This framework determines the appropriate sub-factors and how the return process of products/parts w...
Concurrent neck dissection and transoral robotic surgery.

Objectives 1) Determine the incidence of pharyngocutaneous fistula associated with transoral robotic oropharyngectomy with concurrent neck dissection. 2) Discuss prevention and treatment of pharyngocutaneous fistulization as a consequence of transoral oropharyngeal surgery with concurrent neck dissection. Methods Retrospective, single-institution chart review of 148 consecutive patients who underwent transoral robotic surgery with synchronous neck dissection for oropharyngeal neoplasia April 2007 to February 2010. Results Forty-two of 148 (29%) patients were identified as having an orocervical communication intraoperatively. All were managed with some combination of primary closure, local tissue advancement, fibrin glue application, and cervical drain placement. Of these, six (4%) developed a subcutaneous pharyngeal fluid accumulation requiring postoperative management via controlled incision and drainage with daily packing placement. All the patients had aesthetic and functional results comparable to those patients who did not have/develop an orocervical communication. No patients experienced a delay from their operative treatment that prevented them from initiating recommended adjuvant therapy on schedule. Conclusions Transoral robotic surgery is emerging as a primary treatment modality for oropharyngeal malignancies. Neck dissection is a required portion of operative therapy in many of these patients, and many surgeons delay neck dissection to prevent pharyngocutaneous fistula. Pharyngeal communication with the neck is a common occurrence during transoral surgery when it is combined concurrently with neck dissection, but persistent fistula formation is an uncommon, preventable, but potentially problematic, complication resulting from this operative technique. Prompt recognition and intervention are of paramount importance in preventing acute, long-term functional impairment.
Application of the finite strip method in cold-formed steel member design

Abstract The objective of this paper is to explore solutions and provide design recommendations for two practical issues that develop when integrating computational member analysis with the conventional finite strip method (FSM) into cold-formed steel member design utilizing the direct strength method (DSM). First, FSM often fails to uniquely identify the relevant local and distortional member buckling modes. These elastic buckling loads (or moments) are required inputs for predicting the design strength. Second, the recently developed constrained finite strip method ( c FSM ) which can uniquely identify local and distortional buckling in all cases suffers from its own limitations, specifically (a) c FSM does not yield the same exact solution as FSM even when unique minima exists in the FSM solution, and (b) c FSM cannot include rounded corners in the model of the cross-section. Two methods are examined herein for overcoming these limitations, both of which utilize c FSM in an augmented form. The proposed methods are explored for lipped channel cross-sections both for elastic buckling and for ultimate strength prediction via DSM. Particular attention is paid to methods for handling cross-sections with rounded corners (in both elastic buckling and strength) since c FSM cannot include rounded corners and still meaningfully identify the modes. Finally, based on the study of lipped channel members a recommendation is provided for a methodology that enables automated analysis of cold-formed steel member elastic buckling modes for use in DSM.
Stress Dependent Activation Energy

Due to recent reports of stress-dependent activation energy, a generalized Eyring model has been developed in order to better understand thermally activated failure mechanisms. The model predicts a stress-dependent activation energy provided two necessary requirements are satisfied: (1) the applied stress must be the same order of magnitude as the strength of the material and (2) the stress acceleration parameter ? must be a function of the temperature. This model has been successfully applied to diverse failure mechanisms such as: dielectric breakdown under electric-field stress, metal failure under mechanical stress, and electromigration failure under current density stress. Application of model to the specific case of electromigration suggests that the current density exponent N for failure is not a unique value but increases with current density from N=1 at J ? 1 × 105 A/cm2 to N?2 at J ? 1 × 106 A/cm2.
Surface structure of the α-Al2O3 single crystals: Indexing the facets with computer simulation

Abstract A computer simulation for restoring the three-dimensional (3D) surface from the reflection electron microscopy (REM) image and corresponding reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) pattern is presented. An application is demonstrated using a facetted (11 2 0) surface of α-Al2O3 single crystals.
An Exploration of Long-Term, Same-Sex Relationships

ABSTRACT A study of 220 gay men and lesbians, 22–74 years of age, who had been in same-sex relationships for 2 or more years was conducted to explore the relationship benchmark events, perceptions of difference between same-sex and heterosexual relationships, and specific challenges faced by same-sex couples. Results indicate that clinicians who work with this population must comprehend and address the cultural and legal ramifications that affect the relationship in visible and invisible ways.
Type and hold system for better blood utilization

Blood bank personnel can convince surgeons to change their presurgical blood orders from a type-and-crossmatch to a type-and-hold approach. To do this, it is necessary to guarantee blood availability within a short time frame if blood should be unexpectedly required. Such a change in blood orders significantly reduced the number of unnecessary crossmatches and the amount of wasted outdated blood in our institution. Economic savings and conservation of resources were realized without compromising the patients' safety or the quality of our service.
Corrosion behavior of carbon steel rock bolt in simulated Yucca Mountain ground waters

Medium carbon steel (AISI 1040) was one of the candidate materials for rock bolts to reinforce the borehole liners and emplacement drifts of the high-level nuclear waste repository in Yucca Mountain. The corrosion performance of this structural steel was investigated by techniques such as linear polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and laboratory immersion tests in simulated ground waters. The corrosion rates of the steel were measured for the temperatures in the range from 25 °C to 85 °C, for the ionic concentrations of 1 time (1×), 10 times (10×), and a hundred times (100×) ground water concentration. The steel corroded uniformly at penetration rates of 35 to 200 µm/year in the deaerated waters, and at 200 to 1000 µm/year in the aerated waters. Increasing temperatures in the deaerated waters increased the corrosion rate of the steel. However, increasing ionic concentrations influenced the corrosion rate only slightly. In the aerated 1×and 10×waters, increasing temperatures increased the rates of the steel significantly. In the aerated 100×waters, the corrosion rate increased from 25 °C to 45 °C and decreased at higher temperatures (65 °C and up) due to the formation of oxide/hydroxide films and salt scales on the surface of the steel specimen. The steel suffered pitting corrosion in the both deaerated and aerated hot ground water environments after anodic polarization.
Magnetic labeling, detection, and system integration

Among the plethora of affinity biosensor systems based on biomolecular recognition and labeling assays, magnetic labeling and detection is emerging as a promising new approach. Magnetic labels can be non-invasively detected by a wide range of methods, are physically and chemically stable, relatively inexpensive to produce, and can be easily made biocompatible. Here we provide an overview of the various approaches developed for magnetic labeling and detection as applied to biosensing. We illustrate the challenges to integrating one such approach into a complete sensing system with a more detailed discussion of the compact Bead Array Sensor System developed at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, the first system to use magnetic labels and microchip-based detection.
Phase compensation of an OTA-C integrator for high-frequency continuous-time filters

A phase compensation technique for an OTA integrator is presented. A closed-form design equation is given which offers a simple way to implement the desired zero. SPICE simulation confirmed the analytical results obtained.
A comparison of passive optical network security

In this paper, a comparison of the physical security aspects of a time division multiplexed (TDM) passive optical network (PON) and a proposed wavelength hopping passive optical network (WH-PON) is presented. Simulated results of an eavesdropping attempt in both networks are presented. The introduction of a WH-PON will demonstrate how physical layer security can be introduced to a PON architecture through the use of a pair of matched tunable lasers in the optical line terminal (OLT). These matched tunable lasers allow for the creation of a secure point-to-point optical link between the OLT and the end user, without the need for a unique optical transmitter for each end user. The simulation results presented will demonstrate the operation of each PON architecture, as well as the physical immunity to eavesdropping that the WH-PON architecture introduces.
19F NMR NON-EQUIVALENCE OF DIASTEREOMERIC AMIDES OF 2,2,2,-TRIFLUORO-1-PHENYLETHYLAMINE

Abstract An alternate synthesis and resolution is reported for 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-phenylethylamine. The 19 F NMR of a series of amide derivatives of chiral acids is described. The diastereomeric non-equivalence of the 19 F NMR signals (0.05–0.09 ppm) of these amides permits use of these derivatives for determination of enantiomeric purity of alpha —substituted acids. The potential for configurational correlations is discussed.
Role of Homer Proteins in the Maintenance of Sleep-Wake States

Sleep is an evolutionarily conserved process that is linked to diurnal cycles and normal daytime wakefulness. Healthy sleep and wakefulness are integral to a healthy lifestyle; this occurs when an organism is able to maintain long bouts of both sleep and wake. Homer proteins, which function as adaptors for group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors, have been implicated in genetic studies of sleep in both Drosophila and mouse. Drosophila express a single Homer gene product that is upregulated during sleep. By contrast, vertebrates express Homer as both constitutive and immediate early gene (H1a) forms, and H1a is up-regulated during wakefulness. Genetic deletion of Homer in Drosophila results in fragmented sleep and in failure to sustain long bouts of sleep, even under increased sleep drive. However, deletion of Homer1a in mouse results in failure to sustain long bouts of wakefulness. Further evidence for the role of Homer1a in the maintenance of wake comes from the CREB alpha delta mutant mouse, which displays a reduced wake phenotype similar to the Homer1a knockout and fails to up-regulate Homer1a upon sleep loss. Homer1a is a gene whose expression is induced by CREB. Sustained behaviors of the sleep/wake cycle are created by molecular pathways that are distinct from those for arousal or short bouts, and implicate an evolutionarily-conserved role for Homer in sustaining these behaviors.
Vibrations of a moving threadline

Abstract The characterization and analysis of the oscillation of a string as it is traversed and wound on a bobbin are considered. A mathematical model is formulated and solved for the oscillations of an infinite and finite threadline between a fixed eyelet and the traverse device. The methods of D'Alembert and of characteristics are applied and the importance of the ratio of the winding speed to the string's characteristic wave velocity is demonstrated.
Evaluation as advocacy

Abstract The argument advanced in this article is that advocacy in evaluation is inevitable. This is so when advocacy is understood not as program partisanship or contaminating bias, but rather as a value commitment to a particular regulative ideal (of rational decision making, interpretive meaning, community activism). The regulative ideal for evaluation advanced in this discussion is a commitment to democratic pluralism. These ideas are illustrated and substantiated with three case examples.
The three species of Latrodectus (Araneae), found in Israel

The three species of widow spiders found in the Negev Desert of Israel, Latrodectus mactans tredecimguttatus, L. pallidus and L. revivensis, seem to differ more in their behaviour and habits than in their morphology. Differences in structure of the genitalia are minor compared with differences in the integument of the abdomen and the structure of the sternum.
Increased Incidence of Anencephalus and Spina Bifida in Siblings of Affected Cases

In 139 families having a child born with anencephalus or spina bifida, 10 of 308 siblings of the affected children had malformations similar to those of the affected children. The incidence of these malformations in siblings of affected children is significantly greater than the incidence in the general population.
Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of zinc tetra(3,4-pyridine)porphyrazine entrapped within the supercages of Y-zeolite

In this work, the generation of Y-zeolite-entrapped zinc tetra(3,4-pyridine)porphyrazine (ZnPz-Z) at several loading levels is reported. The ZnPz-Z samples were obtained using the template synthesis method involving condensation of 3,4-dicyanopyridine (DCP) around Zn(2+) cations which had been ion-exchanged into the Y-zeolite supercages (Zn(2+)-Z). The integrity of the sample was documented by diffuse reflectance (DR), emission (Em) and resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopic data. The Raman spectrum for the ground-state ZnPz-Z intrazeolitic complex, with the laser excitation at lambda(ex) = 568.2 nm, closely matched that obtained for the free ZnPz porphyrazine, with some bands exhibiting slight frequency shifts of 1-5 cm(-)(1). The DR spectrum of ZnPz-Z exhibited maxima at lambda(max) = 414 and 682 nm, and the emission spectrum of ZnPz-Z revealed fluorescence at lambda(em) = 705 nm, with lambda(ex) = 350.9, 406.7, or 647.1 nm. This emission was 22 nm red shifted with respect to that recorded for the free ZnPz complex in pyridine solution and 24 nm red shifted relative to that acquired for the ZnPz complex adsorbed on the outer surface of the zeolite. All these spectroscopic data suggest that the ZnPz molecules within the zeolite supercages were only slightly distorted. The ZnPz-Z samples contain a small amount of luminescent (lambda(em) = 500 nm) impurities assigned to products of 3,4-dicyanopyridine noncyclic condensation.
Dehydrated Alfalfa Leaf Meal as a Source of Vitamins and Unidentified Factors for the Mature Fowl

Abstract HUNT, Winter and Bethke (1939) reported that the addition of alfalfa meal to experimental rations increased hatchability. Similar results were obtained by Cravens et al. (1942). Heywang (1950) conducted a series of three experiments using high levels of alfalfa for laying hens. The results of these experiments showed that egg production was depressed when the ration contained over 5 percent alfalfa leaf meal. The role of vitamin B12 as an essential factor in reproduction of poultry was established by Lillie, Olsen and Bird (1949) and Olcese and Couch (1950). Ayala and Johnson (1951) reported that alfalfa contained a small amount of vitamin B12 activity as measured by chick growth. McFarlane et al. (1931) noted that there was an extensive bleeding from small wounds and a high mortality in chicks fed ether-extracted fish meal. These workers reported further that the blood of these chicks failed to clot. Dam (1929) reported marked …
Labelling nuclei of progressively developing pollen mother cells and pollen with tritiated thymidine in Tradescantia.

The nuclei of the pollen mother cells at premeiotic Interphase and of the young binucleate pollen grains of Tradescantia paludosa were labelled in growing plants with tritiated thymidine at concentrations of 20 μc/ml and 40 μc/ml respectively. By making use of a cotton wick inserted through the peduncle the radioactive precursors were fed into the buds of potted plants for 24 hr, after which the wick was removed and the buds allowed to develop for 2–5 days. Smears of the labelled pollen mother cells and pollen grains were stained and autoradiographed.
Ultraviolet Laser Beam Monitor Using Alkali Halide Crystals

Alkali halide crystals can be used to provide a quick and simple method for obtaining a three-dimensional ultraviolet laser beam profile. The crystals have a large dynamic range, and the same crystal may be used an indefinite number of times.
Tenants' search and vacancies in rental housing markets

Abstract We present a model of non-sequential search in which vacancies arise as landlords rent discriminate to profit from tenants' imperfect information. These tenants are divided into two groups that share a common reservation rent but sample either a single or i>1 rental units before selecting the unit in their sample pool with the lowest rent. Tenants thus have differential information and landlords set rents to profit from this differential information in a free entry mixed equilibrium in rents for available units. Based on this stylized model of the rental market, we produce some interesting hypothesis that relate market vacancies to the difference between the reservation rent and the cost of housing provision, and the tenure duration and search intensities of tenants.
Range Expansion by Bison of Yellowstone National Park

Etude de la repartition de population de Bison bison dans le parc national de Yellowstone sur une periode de 12 ans. Les facteurs, pouvant influencer cette repartition, sont examines
Drug-Cholestyramine Interactions I: Physicochemical Factors Affecting In Vitro Binding of Sodium Fusidate to Cholestyramine

The in vitro binding of the steroidal antibiotic, sodium fusidate, to cholestyramine was investigated. Equilibrium data were interpreted by means of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and rate of binding data were interpreted by use of a second-order kinetic model. The results indicated that the anionic exchange resin had a marked affinity for the drug. It was shown that the extent of the fusidate-resin interaction at equilibrium was affected insignificantly by temperature. However, the second-order rate constant governing the binding process was found to increase with increasing temperature, the apparent energy of activation associated with the rate process being 4.47 kcal./mole. The addition of physiologic concentrations of the inorganic electrolytes, sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate, produced a significant decrease in both the extent and rate of the interaction. The available evidence suggests that the drug-resin interaction involves both primary electrostatic and secondary nonelectrostatic forces. In addition, it was demonstrated that physiologic bile salt and fatty acid anions effectively compete with fusidate anions for the available binding positions on the resin. These in vitro findings strongly suggest that the resin may interfere with the normal GI absorption pattern of sodium fusidate.
Histopathologic Grading of Anaplasia in Retinoblastoma

Purpose To determine whether the degree of tumor anaplasia has prognostic value by evaluating its correlation with high-risk histopathologic features and clinical outcomes in a series of retinoblastoma patients. Design Retrospective clinicopathologic study. Methods The clinical and pathologic findings in 266 patients who underwent primary enucleation for retinoblastoma were reviewed. The histologic degree of anaplasia was graded as retinocytoma, mild, moderate, or severe as defined by increasing cellular pleomorphism, number of mitoses, nuclear size, and nuclear hyperchromatism. Nuclear morphometric characteristics were measured. The clinical and pathologic data of 125 patients were compared using Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival. Fisher exact test and multivariate regression were used to analyze the association between anaplasia grade and high-risk histologic features. Results Increasing grade of anaplasia was associated with decreased overall survival ( P = .003) and increased risk of metastasis ( P = .0007). Histopathologic features that were associated with anaplasia included optic nerve invasion ( P P P = .04). Multivariate analysis considering high-risk histopathology and anaplasia grading as predictors of distant metastasis and death showed that high-risk histopathology was statistically significant as an independent predictor ( P = .01 for metastasis, P = .03 for death) but anaplasia was not ( P = .63 for metastasis, P = .30 for death). In the absence of high-risk features, however, severe anaplasia identified an additional risk for metastasis ( P = .0004) and death ( P = .01). Conclusion Grading of anaplasia may be a useful adjunct to standard histopathologic criteria in identifying retinoblastoma patients who do not have high-risk histologic features but still have an increased risk of metastasis and may need adjuvant therapy.
Informational Masking and Spatial Hearing in Listeners with and without Unilateral Hearing Loss

Purpose This study assessed selective listening for speech in individuals with and without unilateral hearing loss (UHL) and the potential relationship between spatial release from informational ma...
The Great Barrier Reef Expedition's “Coral Corroboree”, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 10 July 1928: an historical portent

On their arrival in Brisbane from Great Britain, biological members of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition were invited to a welcoming dinner on 10 July 1928. The copy of C. M. Yonge's (the expedition's leader) dinner menu survives and is signed by, presumably, all attendees. At first glance, the menu appears to comprise exotic Australian seafood courses but closer examination suggests these are mostly amusing epithets for basic fare perhaps to create bonhomie. Queensland interest in the expedition's aims was concerned with the fisheries potential of the reef and its waters and the dinner menu may thus have also represented a more subtle enjoinder to the British guests. Other guests at the dinner hosted by H. C. Richards, Chairman of the Great Barrier Reef Committee, have been identified from their signatures and, in addition to expedition members, comprise representatives of the committee, senior scientists from the University of Queensland, State officials and local dignitaries. Expedition members departe...
High-scale discontinuity detection applied to Landsat images

Landsat image data were produced from a multispectral scanner on Landsat satellites. Vegetation indices are based on the distinctive rise in the reflectance of green vegetation: a wavelength increase from visible red to reflective infrared caused by the selective absorption of red light by chlorophyll for photosynthesis. The spectral bandwidth of different Landsat crops are uniquely different and provide a basis for High Scale Discontinuity Detection. High Scale Discontinuity Detection applied to Landsat cross sections (1D signals) detects boundaries between urban areas and agricultural areas and different crops. These boundaries will be used to reconstruct an image based on boundaries. This approach might be usefully applied to IR images, laser remote sensing or any image where vegetation changes abruptly because of altitude or moisture.
Congenital goitre and hypothyroidism with impaired iodide organification and high thyroid peroxidase concentration.

SUMMARY A sibship of thirteen subjects whose parents were first cousins was studied for a defect in thyroid hormone synthesis. Five sibs were goitrous and had congenital hypothyroidism. All but one showed a positive perchlorate discharge test (PDT). Three other subjects were goitrous and euthyroid (one with a positive PDT), and the remaining five sibs were euthyroid with a presumably normal thyroid. However, an abnormally exaggerated TSH response to TRH was observed not only in the hypothyroid patients but also in six of the other subjects, indicating a decreased thyroid feedback at the pituitary level in the presence of a normal serum concentration of thyroid hormones. In two hypothyroid patients a normal serum T3, low serum T4 and a low reverse T3 were observed. Microscopic studies of thyroid tissue from three of the sibs disclosed marked cellular hyperplasia with no lymphocytic infiltration anywhere in the tissue. Peroxidase activity was determined on tissue from three sibs by three different assay procedures. It was within the normal range in one patient and was significantly elevated in the other two. There was no evidence for a qualitatively defective peroxidase. The defect in thyroid function in this family does not appear to involve a peroxidase deficiency. Thyroglobulin isolated from the thyroid glands of two of the goitrous, hypothyroid subjects was poorly iodinated but was judged to be normal by immunoreactive and ultracentrifugation procedures. Although the nature of the thyroid metabolic defect in this family was not elucidated, the evidence suggests a genetic defect, probably involving a recessive gene.
Loan-loss provisions of commercial banks and adequate disclosure: A note

Abstract Circular number 201 (May 31, 1985), Comptroller of the Currency, states bank managers should follow relevant criteria when determining loan-loss provisions. We estimate the tie between relevant criteria to the actual provision. Contrary to results of recent past studies, there is no evidence of income smoothing. We find that bank managers consider past loan risk, loan quality deterioration, and foreign risk when determining loan-loss provisions. Bank managers do not consider off-balance sheet exposure or changes in loan composition. Extra provisions are taken in 1973, probably to address the LDC crisis. Money-center bank managers are less likely to consider any of the criteria studied when determining loan-loss provisions.
Modeling the Rapid Transmission of Information Within a Social Group of Insects: Emergent Patterns in the Antipredator Signals

The study of group behavior in animals emerging from social interactions among individuals using agent based models has gained momentum in recent years. Although most of the individuals in a group of the treehopper Umbonia crassicornis do not have information about where the predator is, the signaling behavior of the group yields an emergent pattern that provides the defending adult with information about predator presence and location. Offspring signal synchronously to warn a defending parent of a predator attack. We develop a computational model of rapid signaler-receiver interactions in this group-living insect. We test the emergence of informative global patterns by providing interacting juvenile nymphs with limited locally available information with this agent based model. Known parameters such as size of the aggregation and spatial distribution are estimated from experimental recordings. Further, the model investigates the behavioral rules underlying group signaling patterns that reveal the predator’s location. We also show how variation in these behavioral rules can bring about variation in group signals, demonstrating the potential for natural selection to shape these rules.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Assemblage Structure of Eastern Pacific Groundfishes on the U.S. Continental Slope in Relation to Physical and Environmental Variables

Abstract We analyzed data from the National Marine Fisheries Service continental slope trawl surveys (1999–2002) to examine patterns in eastern Pacific groundfish assemblage structure in relation to longitude, latitude, depth, temperature, and interannual variation. The slope surveys spanned approximately 32–48°N and 200–1,200-m depths. We focused on the 26 most abundant species, which made up more than 95% of the catch in terms of biomass. Assemblage structure was strongly correlated with depth and latitude. For the most part, changes in assemblage structure appeared to be fairly continuous, although there were more-abrupt changes at approximately 500–600 m and in the vicinity of Point Conception and Cape Mendocino, California, and Cape Blanco, Oregon. There was also an interaction between depth and latitude; more northerly sites had deeper scores on the canonical axes than did more southerly sites of comparable depth. Shallower sites also showed more variation in assemblage structure with latitude than ...
The antibiotic pipeline--challenges, costs, and values

Dr. Richard P. Wenzel examines the dramatic reduction in the number of pharmaceutical companies engaged in the discovery of antiinfective agents.
A characterization of finite dimensional translation invariant spaces

We show that the class of functions f with finite dimensional translation spaces V(f) is precisely the class of trigonometric polynomials.
Endogenous pain control mechanisms: review and hypothesis.

The anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology of an intrinsic neural network that monitors and modulates the activity of pain-transmitting neurons is reviewed. This system can be activated by opiate administration or by electrical stimulation of discrete brainstem sites. Evidence is presented that its pain-suppressing action is mediated in part by endogenous opiatelike compounds (endorphins). This pain suppression system is organized at three levels of the neuraxis: midbrain, medulla, and spinal cord. Activation of neurons in the midbrain periaqueductal gray matter (by electrical stimulation, opiates, and possibly psychological factors) excites neurons of the rostral medulla, some of which contain serotonin. The medullary neurons, in turn, project to and specifically inhibit the firing of trigeminal and spinal pain-transmission neurons. As part of a negative feedback loop, the output of the pain transmission neurons, i.e., pain itself, is an important factor in activating the pain-suppression system. A neural model which incorporates the experimental findings is proposed, and the clinical implications of the model are discussed.