cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of induced virulence factors produced by Pasteurella haemolytica in the pathogenesis of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis: Review and hypotheses

In the pathogenesis of pneumonic pasteurellosis, there is an abrupt commensal to pathogen shift from a predominance of P. haemolytica serotype 2 (ST2) to serotype 1 (ST1) in the bovine upper respiratory tract (URT) microfloral population. This occurs following periods of stress associated with development of this disease. Data are reviewed from recent publications supporting the contention that surface-expressed ST1-specific factor(s) could be critical in mediating URT adhesion and colonization. Such factors may promote an increase in the number of ST1 organisms deposited through infective droplets into the lungs, beyond that efficiently cleared by normal lung defences. The seeding of these organisms into the lungs may provide numerous foci of infection that eventually progress into characteristic pneumonic lesions seen in the disease.
The prediction capability for tritium production and other reaction rates in various systems configurations for a series of the USDOE/JAERI collaborative fusion blanket experiments

Abstract Seventeen integral fusion experiments have been performed so far within the USDOE/JAERI Collaborative Program on Fusion Neutronics. The main objective of these experiments is to verify the state-of-the-art neutron transport codes and nuclear data in predicting tritium production rates, in system neutron spectra, activation reaction rates, nuclear heating, and γ decay heating in a Li 2 O test assembly. In performing these experiments, the incident neutron source condition and the experimental geometrical arrangements for the test assembly were altered to study the impact of system changes on the prediction capability for the key neutronics parameters, particularly tritium production rate both locally and globally within predesignated zones in the breeding material. The test assembly itself was ehanged from a simple, one-material zone to a more prototypical blanket that included a stainless-steel first wall, neutron multiplier (beryllium) and coolant channels. The experiments proceeded through phase I and IIIA. In the latter phase, a line source was simulated by cyclic movement of the annular test assembly relative to the stationary point source that is located axially at the center of the inner cavity. In the latter phase, a better simulation has been achieved to the secondary energy, and angular distributions of the incident neutron source found in Tokamak plasmas. In this paper, the results obtained by the USA, quantified in terms of the calculated-to-experimental values (C/E's) for the key neutronics parameters, are discussed for all the experiments performed so far. The change in the trends of these C/E values as one moves from one phase to another is considered by statistically treating these C/E values to arrive at a mean value for the prediction uncertainty in each experiment and an average mean value to all the experiments. This was carried out for tritium production rate, in-system spectra, and other reaction rates.
The Role of Causal Attributions in Explaining the Link Between User Participation and Information System Success

Understanding the factors influencing information system IS effectiveness has been of considerable concern to IS researchers, with the role of user participation UP in IS success receiving much attention. The inconclusive and often contradictory research results in this area of inquiry have been attributed to a lack of rigor in method and to the lack of consideration of various intervening mechanisms between UP and IS success. This paper develops a model to explain a potential link of UP with IS success; the model is based upon a synthesis of UP and IS success research coupled with principles of attribution theory. Attribution theory is the study of the process by which people associate causes to outcomes or events. This theory implies the need to consider IS users' causal attributions for the IS-related outcomes they experience, as the nature of these attributions will likely influence users' evaluation of the IS. In synthesizing IS and attribution theory, this paper proposes that users' causal attributions of success and failure subsequent to IS use, is one factor explaining the linkages between UP, beliefs, and IS success. It is argued that UP is a critical determinant of IS success to the extent that it influences beliefs that lead to users' attributions for IS related outcomes, and ultimately to their subjective evaluation and future use of the IS. Consequently, a model is proposed that permits a more meaningful examination of the role of UP in IS success.
Memory for objects and their locations: The role of the hippocampus in retention of object–place associations

Computational models of hippocampal function have suggested that the hippocampus is involved in the formation and storage of arbitrary associations. Previous studies have shown that rats with hippocampal lesions are impaired in object-place associative learning. However, few studies have examined the role of the hippocampus in the retention of previously learned arbitrary associations. In the present study, male Long-Evans rats with either cortical control or hippocampal lesions were tested on a task measuring the retention of previously learned arbitrary associations using an object-place paired-associate task. To assess retention, each animal was trained on the paired-associate task for 360 trials, then received a lesion, and was retested to examine retention of the previously learned associations. The results indicate that all rats learned the task prior to surgery. Following surgery, rats with cortical control lesions were not impaired in the retention of object-place associations. In contrast, hippocampal lesions resulted in an initial deficit in retention of the paired-associate task followed by recovery. Therefore, the hippocampus may play a role in the retrieval of previously learned arbitrary association.
Spurious radiation from microstrip

The method of an earlier paper is applied to calculate the disturbances due to a number of discontinuities encountered in typical antenna feed and network structures, such as impedance changes, power dividers, T-junctions, open and short circuits etc., and these are compared for relative radiation. Error estimates due to some secondary effects are calculated and shown to be generally negligible. The process of radiation from an open circuit is studied in detail and it is shown that, although most of the radiation comes from the tip, a substantial amount is radiated and also absorbed to. about a free-space wavelength behind the discontinuity. A method analogous to the induced e.m.f. method is formulated and shown to confirm existing results for radiated power. A distinction is made between the phase centre for radiation, which is usually located at a discontinuity, and the source region for radiation. The two are not coincident and the latter may be quite extensive for microstrip radiations. The results are applied to show how the disturbances can affect the performance of a comb antenna and how they can also be utilised to enhance the efficiency of a strip-end radiator on a thin substrate.
Discovery of Cellular Regulation by Protein Degradation

What follows is a story of some of the lab’s adventures mentioned above, including the inventions of new biochemical and genetic methods. This account stems, in part, from previous descriptions of the early history of the Ub field (31,32). Another antecedent is an interview I gave to Dr. Istvan Hargittai, a distinguished Hungarian chemist. It describes my life and science, including the early years in Moscow, the 1977 escape from the former Soviet Union, the essentially accidental hiring of me by MIT, and the work that ensued (33). The narrative below borrows from these sources, and mentions our more recent contributions as well.
On the formation of 1-O-2′-hydroxyalk-1′-ENYL or 1-O-2′-ketoalkyl glycerophosphatides from 1,2-alkanediol in myelinating brain

Abstract 1.2-[2-14C]Heptadecanediol was administered intracerebrally to 18-day old rats. After 6 h, a major portion of the radioactivity recovered in the ethanolamine phosphatides was found in a lipid class identified as 1-O-2′-hydroxyheptadec-1′-enyl-2-acyl glycerophosphatide and/or the tautomeric 2′-keto derivative.
The effects of machining induced damage on flexural strength of low density carbon foam

An experimental investigation was conducted in order to evaluate the edge finishing and damage effects on the transverse rupture strength (TRS) of non-graphitic carbon foam. Machining tests were conducted on Carbon Foam using an end milling process employing diamond abrasive (DA) and polycrystalline diamond (PCD) cutting tools. The surface roughness and damage induced during machining was measured using surface profilometry and scanning electron microscopy respectively. Four-point bending tests were conducted in order to determine the TRS. It was found that the damage induced during the machining of the samples had no significant effect on the transverse rupture strength of the material within the experimental conditions. The measured flexural strength was found to be 2.38 MPa and 2.25 MPa for PCD and DA machined conditions respectively. Machining induce micro-damage including micro-cracking was estimated to be 25–75μm in length. The measured average cell diameter was found to be 1120μm. The induced micro-chipping and cracking is negligibly small when compared to the cell diameter and therefore does not contribute to any stress concentration or reduction in residual strength. This research demonstrates the material’s natural geometric features which are believed to dominate the damage tolerance behavior.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Goldstone modes and low-frequency dynamics of incommensurate chromium alloys.

This Letter reports the first solution for the low-energy spin excitations about the incommensurate spin-density-wave (SDW) state of pure Cr and Cr alloys. The Goldstone modes evolving from the magnetic satellites consist of transverse spin-wave modes and longitudinal phason modes, which are associated with the rotational and translational symmetries of the SDW state, respectively. The phason modes bend toward the zone boundary {ital H} between the satellites and produce the recently observed 60 meV peak in the longitudinal cross section at {ital H}. We also report a new class of collective excitation which is associated with oscillations of the SDW wave vector. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Requirement of parental T lymphocytes for the in vitro induction of F1 hybrid anti‐parent cytotoxicity

Primary F1 anti-parent cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) is a specific response generated in mixed cultures by F1 T lymphocytes with the aid of macrophage-like cells of responder and stimulator type. A model was described in which the induction of this response required T lymphocytes among stimulators, as judged by the lack of induction following T cell depletion of parental cells by (a) separation on nylon wool columns, (b) treatment with anti-Thy-1 antiserum and complement, (c) treatment of donor mice with rabbit anti-mouse thymocyte serum, or (d) congenital absence of the thymus in nu/nu donors. The parental T lymphocytes required were relatively mature, as indicated by resistance to cortisone, persistence after adult thymectomy, and sensitivity to xenogeneic anti-thymocyte antiserum. T-deprived cell populations retained the ability to induce allogeneic CML. Parental lymphoma cells, spleen cells stimulated by mitogens for T or B lymphocytes, normal cells of central and peripheral lymphoid organs, and peritoneal exudate cells, all served to a varying extent as targets for anti-parent cytotoxic effectors (CTL), but there was no close correlation with their ability to serve as stimulators. Spleen or peritoneal exudate cells of athymic mice were capable of serving as “antigenic” targets for specific F1 anti-parent CTL, and yet failed to induced the response. Thus, the role of parental T cells in the induction of F1 anti-parent cytotoxicity was not that of bearing the “antigen”. It was concluded that irradiated parental T lymphocytes provided back stimulation to F1 hybrid responders, either directly or indirectly via the activation of macrophage-like cells. Under certain circumstances, however, the requirement for parental T cells can be circumvented.
Chromosomes of three Brachymeria species (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae)

Brachymeria intermedia, a pupal parasite of the gypsy mothLymantria dispar, has a karyotype of K=2SM+1M which is the lowest number (n=3) in Hymenoptera.Brachymeria lasus has K=3M+1SM+1A (n=5), andB. ovata has K=1M+2SM+2A (n=5).
Arrhenius Kinetics as Applied to Product Constituent Losses in Ultra High Temperature Processing

Product constituent losses in ultra high temperature processing were examined with Arrhenius kinetics. An iteration procedure was utilized to develop time-temperature relationships for tubular heating systems. After introduction of the time-temperature relationship into the Arrhenius equation integration was performed to yield relationships representing product constituent losses. Time-temperature conditions for a direct system required to achieve the same losses were determined. A unique condition developed where direct and indirect systems may be designed having equivalent losses, independent of activation energies. An example is demonstrated utilizing whole milk heated by commercially available direct and indirect systems. Losses in five constituents were investigated for fifteen different indirect heating conditions. The mathematical uniqueness of the equivalence is examined.
'Mother Needles': lessons on inter-ethnic psychiatry in Malaysian society.

Abstract Details of curing rituals symbolize social traumas. Western based psychiatrists are often not very successful in treating Malay patients because of the difficulty of understanding the ritual signs. This paper focusses upon cultural details as they relate to a curer. The paper begins by discussing ‘medical pluralism’ and proceeds to a consideration of one local healer.
Surge irrigation with residues to reduce soil erosion

Abstract The application of crop residues (mulches) to irrigation furrows can have a large impact on improving surface water quality from surface irrigated lands in central Washington state. This study showed that soil erosion in furrows can be effectively controlled by the use of crop residues at rates of about 0.66 Mg ha −1 in the furrow area. The runoff leaving the residue applied treatments was often clear. There was a large decrease in nutrients leaving the field due to reduced sediment losses. The use of surge flow was superior to continuous flow furrow irrigation for maintaining acceptable application uniformities because of increased wetted perimeters and slow advance rates when crop residues were present. Surge flow with residues resulted in a more uniform water application when compared to constant flow furrow irrigation at the same residue loadings and inflow rates, and also reduced soil-attached fertilizer losses.
Enzymatic synthesis of formylglutamic acid by a plant protein.

SILVERMAN et al. 1, working with refined enzyme systems from hog liver, found indications that folinic acid functions directly only in the formylation of glutamate, with N-formylglutamic acid and tetra-hydrofolic acid as the products. This communication reports the occurrence of a similar transformation in cell-free systems prepared from plant tissues.
Predicted band structures of III-V semiconductors in the wurtzite phase

While non-nitride III-V semiconductors typically have a zinc-blende structure, they may also form wurtzite crystals under pressure or when grown as nanowhiskers. This makes electronic structure calculation difficult since the band structures of wurtzite III-V semiconductors are poorly characterized. We have calculated the electronic band structure for nine III-V semiconductors in the wurtzite phase using transferable empirical pseudopotentials including spin-orbit coupling. We find that all the materials have direct gaps. Our results differ significantly from earlier ab initio calculations, and where experimental results are available (InP, InAs, and GaAs) our calculated band gaps are in good agreement. We tabulate energies, effective masses, and linear and cubic Dresselhaus zero-field spin-splitting coefficients for the zone-center states. The large zero-field spin-splitting coefficients we find may facilitate the development of spin-based devices.
Gene homology resources on the World Wide Web.

As the amount of information available to biologists increases exponentially, data analysis becomes progressively more challenging. Sequence homology has been a traditional tool in the researchers’ armamentarium; it is a very versatile instrument and can be employed to assist in numerous tasks, from establishing the function of a gene to determination of the evolutionary development of an organism. Consequently, numerous specialized tools have been established in the public domain (most commonly, the World Wide Web) to help investigators use sequence homology in their research. These homology databases differ both in techniques they use to compare sequences as well as in the size of the unit of analysis, which can be the whole gene, a domain, or a motif. In this paper, we aim to present a systematic review of the inner details of the most commonly used databases as well as to offer guidelines for their use.
The boiled frog problem [knowledge management]

As many of the most knowledgeable personnel in technically complex businesses approach retirement, there is a need to capture their knowledge. The temptation is for management to ignore the problem until it is too late. The article discusses how a company can identify employees who possess valuable undocumented knowledge, evaluate whether the knowledge is worth capturing, elicit, represent, and preserve the valuable knowledge, and share this knowledge with other personnel when needed.
Optimal dynamic periodic location update for UMTS mobile networks - a simulation approach

Location management is essential for delivering services to mobile stations (MSs) in mobile networks. In 3GPP technical specifications for the circuit-switched domain of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, both normal location update and periodic location update (PLAU) are adopted to track locations of MSs. PLAU is also used for detecting detachment of an MS from the network. In this paper, we analyze the cost of location management under the presence of abnormal detachments. Based on our cost analysis, we propose a simulation approach to find the optimal parameter to minimize the cost for the dynamic PLAU. A gradient descent algorithm is also implemented to find the optimal parameter for a different cost function. Results show that the cost is significantly deducted with the proposed optimal approach. Another contribution is that we show how to solve an optimization problem through a simulation approach.
Accelerating search and recognition with a TCAM functional unit

World data is increasing rapidly, doubling almost every three years[1][2]. To comprehend and use this data effectively, search and recognition (SR) applications will demand more computational power in the future. The inherent speedups that these applications get due to frequency scaling will no longer exist as processor vendors move away from frequency scaling and towards multi-core architectures. Thus, modifications to both the structure of SR applications and current processor architectures are required to meet the computational needs of these workloads. This paper describes a novel hardware acceleration scheme to improve the performance of SR applications. The hardware accelerator relies on Ternary Content-Addressable Memory and some straightforward ISA extensions to deliver a promising speedup of 3.0-4.0 for SR workloads like Template Matching, BLAST, and multi-threaded applications using Software Transactional Memory (STM).
Are adolescents being screened for sexually transmitted diseases

Objectives To determine the proportion of sexually experienced African American adoles- cents who report having been screened for sexually transmitted diseases and to determine the proportion who report having been screened for these diseases among adolescents who have had a preventive primary health care visit in the past 2 years. Methods A telephone survey of a population-based sample of African American adolescents aged 12 to 17 years residing in a low-income neighborhood in San Francisco with a high prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases. Results Of the 302 adolescents surveyed, 118 (39.1%) reported a history of sexual intercourse. Of these, 17 (26.2%) of 65 males and 31 (58.5%) of 53 females had been screened for a sexually transmitted disease in the previous 12 months. Twenty (30.8%) of the males and 32 (60.4%) of the females had been screened for a sexually transmitted disease in the previous 24 months. Of the 93 participants who had had a preventive primary care visit since their first episode of sexual intercourse, 14 (26.4%) of the 53 males and 24 (60.0%) of the 40 females had been screened for a sexually transmitted disease in the previous 24 months. Conclusions Sexually experienced African American adolescents in San Francisco are being screened for sexually transmitted diseases at rates well below those recommended by current clinical guidelines. A low rate of screening was found even in adolescents who had been seen for a preventive primary care visit since they had first had sex. This suggests that the preventive primary care visit is not being used to its full potential as an opportunity to screen and treat adolescents for sexually transmitted diseases. Capitalizing on this opportunity to screen may increase the number of cases of sexually transmitted diseases diagnosed and, thus, decrease rates of these diseases in this population.
Gene expression during endochondral bone development: evidence for coordinate expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 and collagen type I.

Subcutaneous implatation of demineralized bone particles (DBP) into rats induces the formation of a bone ossicle by a tightly controlled sequence of chondro- and osteo-inductive events which are directly comparable to those which occur in normal endochondral bone development. Although the morphological and biochemical sequence associated with endochondral bone formation in this model has been well characterized, to date little information is available as to the gene regulation by which these events occur. To examine the expression of genes in this system, RNA was isolated from implants every 2 days over a time course spanning 3 to 19 days after implantation of DBP into rats. Cellular levels of mRNA transcripts of cell-growth-regulated and tissue-specific genes were examined by slot blot analysis and compared to the morphological changes occuring during formation of the ossicle. Analysis of the mRNA levels of histone H4 and c-myc, markers of proliferative activity, revealed several periods of actively proliferating cells, corresponding to (1) production of fibroprogenitor cells (day 3), (2) onset of bone formation (day 9), and (3) formation of bone marrow (day 19). The mRNA levels of collagen type II, a phenotypic marker of cartilage, peaked between days 7 and 9 post-implantation, corresponding to the appearance of chondrocytes in the implant, and rapidly declined on day 11 (to 5% of maximum value) when bone formation was observed. The peak mRNA levels of collagen type I, found in fibroblasts and osteoblasts, occurred first with the onset of bone formation (days 7–10) and again during formation of bone marrow (day 19). This study has demonstrated that the temporal patterns of mRNA expression of cartilage type II and bone type I collagens coincide with the morphological sequence in this model of endochondral bone formation. Further, the mRNA levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ) were compared to those of collagen types I and II; a direct temporal correlation of TGFβ mRNA levels with that of collagen type I was found throughout the developmental time course. This observation of a tightly coupled relationship between TGFβ and type I collagen mRNA levels is consistent with a functional role for TGFβ in extracellular matrix production during in vivo bone formation.
The historical decline of fertility in Eastern Europe

I test the hypothesis that the growth of autonomy was the factor responsible for the decline of marital fertility in eight Eastern European countries. By growth of autonomy I mean increased control over one's political, personal, religious, economic and reproductive life. This increased control was manifested in revolutions, democratic political reforms, nationalist movements and declining marital fertility. The political reforms were the result of the growth of autonomy but they also accelerated the dissemination of these new ideas among the populace contributing to further growth of autonomy. My hypothesis is generally supported by the historical data.
How Autopilot Requirements Constrain the Aerodynamic Design of Homing Missiles

When an aerodynamically controlled missile is used in a homing application, the transfer function of the vehicle becomes part of an overall homing and attitude control feedback loop. Therefore, the missile must be designed so that its aerodynamics meet the constraints required to accomplish homing successfully. For radar homing, these constraints are stringent enough to require an autopilot that controls the aerodynamic transfer function using body instruments and internal feedback loops. Even with an autopilot, there are limits on the aerodynamic moment parameters such as M ? and M ? that must be considered at the very beginning of the missile system design. This paper explores the nature and sources of these limits and presents numerical examples to illustrate what kinds of numbers are required.
Rent-Seeking and Municipal Social Spending: Data from America’s Early Urban-Industrial Age

The term rent-seeking refers to special interest group efforts to seek special benefits at littl eo r no cost to themselves. Because government spending has the potential to create both costs and benefits for taxpayers, fiscal policy is commonly viewed as a primary arena of rent-seeking activity. At least five different theories of nineteenth-century American urban development fit this general rubric. Each theory predicts different winners and losers as well as different underlying strategies and distributions of interests incumbent upon municipal decision making. This study uses two-wave panel data on special interest group representation and municipal social spending to examine the validity of these different theories of rent-seeking. Though all such theories share in common an emphasis on self-seeking, this study points to the role of competition between different sectors of the local economy as a motivating force for the formation and mobilization of special interest group organizations. This finding contrasts with those rent-seeking theories that predict widespread cooperation among communities and/or classes in pursuit of common goals. Suggestions for future research on this topic are offered as well.
Experimental comparison of zone cooling load between radiant and air systems

Experimental comparison of zone cooling load between radiant and air systems Jingjuan (Dove) Feng ,* , Fred Bauman, Stefano Schiavon Center for the Built Environment, University of California, Berkeley Corresponding author at: Center for the Built Environment, University of California, Berkeley, 390 Wurster Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-1839, USA Email: jjfeng@berkeley.edu (Jingjuan (Dove) Feng) Highlights  We experimentally compared cooling loads between radiant and air systems  Radiant system has on average 18%-21% higher cooling rates compared to air system  A new definition must be used for radiant system cooling load  HB approach should be used for radiant system cooling load calculation  RTS or weighting factor methods may lead to incorrect results for radiant systems Abstract Radiant cooling systems work fundamentally differently from air systems by taking advantage of both radiant and convective heat transfer to remove space heat. This paper presents an experiment investigating how the dynamic heat transfer in rooms conditioned by a radiant system is different from an air system, and how such differences affect the sensible cooling load and cooling load calculation methods for radiant systems. Four tests with two heat gain profiles were carried out in a standard climatic chamber. For each profile, two separate tests were carried out to maintain a constant operative temperature: one with radiant chilled ceiling panels; and a second with an overhead mixing air distribution system. Concrete blocks were used to create a thermal mass effect. The experiments show that, during the periods the heat gain was on, the radiant system has on average 18%-21% higher instantaneous cooling rates compared to the air system, and 75-82% of total heat gains were removed, while for the air system only 61-63% were removed. Based on the study, we conclude that a new definition must be used for radiant system cooling load, which should be characterized as the combined radiant and convective heat removal at the cooled surface. Calibrated dynamic energy simulation based on a fundamental heat balance approach showed good accuracy. Simplified cooling load calculation methods, such as RTS or weighting factor method, may lead to incorrect results for radiant systems. Keyword Radiant Cooling System, Cooling load, Air system, Experimental Testing, Dynamic Response, Modelling Method Introduction Interest and growth in radiant cooling and heating systems have increased in recent years because they have been shown to be energy efficient in comparison to all-air distribution systems[1, 2]. Olesen and others have discussed the principles of designing radiant slab cooling systems, including load shifting, the use of operative temperature for comfort control, and cooling capacity[3, 4]. Several case study examples with design information have been reported for an airport[5], large retail store with floor cooling[6], and Center for the Built Environment, UC Berkeley 2013 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9dq6p2j7
Spectral estimation from subbands

The results of previous work by the authors (see Conf. on Inform. Sci. and Syst., 1992) are used to prove that subband differential pulse-code modulation (DPCM) provides a coding gain over full-band DPCM for finite orders of prediction. The equivalence of linear prediction and autoregressive (AR) modeling equations are used to estimate source spectra from subbands. Subband decomposition of a source results in a whitening of the composite subband spectrum. This implies that for any stationary source, a p/sup th/-order prediction error filter (PEF) can be found that is better than the p/sup th/ PEF obtained by solving the Yule-Walker equations resulting from full-band data. The existence of such a superoptimal PEF is demonstrated, and a method to optimally allocate a prediction order p/sub m/ to the m/sup th/ subband such that the sum of the p/sub m/'s from m=1 to M equals p, where p is the full-band order of prediction and M is the number of subbands, is proposed. >
The GRAPH-CLEAR problem: definition, theoretical properties and its connections to multirobot aided surveillance

In this paper we present a novel graph theoretic problem, called GRAPH-CLEAR, useful to model surveillance tasks where multiple robots are used to detect all possible intruders in a given indoor environment. We provide a formal definition of the problem and we investigate its basic theoretical properties, showing that the problem is NP-complete. We then present an algorithm to compute a strategy for the restriction of the problem to trees and present a method how to use this solution in applications. The method is then tested in simple simulations. GRAPH-CLEAR is useful to describe multirobot pursuit evasion games when robots have limited sensing capabilities, i.e. multiple agents are needed to perform basic patrolling operations.
Production planning for companies with product recovery and remanufacturing capability

We present an integrated set of models addressing issues of production planning in supply chains involving product recovery and disassembly. The supply chain models can be used to develop production plans in the short term, or examine the effects of different strategies in the long term. Uncertainty is addressed by using deterministic models to solve a range of different scenarios. We also develop models to determine profitable disassembly configurations for single and multiple products. Results to date are reported and future directions discussed.
The magic number 70 (plus or minus 20): Variables determining performance in the Rodent Odor Span Task

The olfactory span task (OST) uses an incrementing non-matching to sample procedure such that the number of stimuli to remember increases during the session. The number of consecutive correct responses (span length) and percent correct as a function of the memory load have been viewed as defining rodent working memory capacity limitations in several studies using the OST. However, the procedural parameters of the OST vary across experiments and their effects are not well understood. For example, in several studies, the number of stimuli to remember is confounded with the number of comparison stimuli displayed in the test arena. Experiment 1 addressed whether performance is influenced by the number of comparison choices available on any given trial (2, 5, 10) as well as the number of odor stimuli to remember during a session (12, 24, 36). Performance was most accurate when the number of stimuli to remember was low, as would be expected from a working memory interpretation of OST. However, accuracy was also affected by the number of comparison stimulus choices. High levels of accuracy were seen even with 36 odors, suggesting that the capacity for odor memory in rats was greater than suggested by previous research. Experiment 2 attempted to define this capacity by programming sessions with 36, 48 or 72 stimuli to remember in a group of rats that had previously received extensive OST training. Highly accurate performance (80% correct or better) was sustained throughout the session at even the greatest memory loads, arguing strongly against the notion that the OST models the limited capacity of human working memory. Experiment 3 explored the possibility that stimulus control in the OST is based on relative stimulus familiarity, rather than recognition of stimuli not yet presented during the current session. Number of odor cups visited increased with the number of comparisons in the arena, but rats rarely sampled all of the comparison odors before responding. However, on probe trials which included only stimuli that had been presented during the session, latency to respond and number of comparisons sampled was sharply increased. These data suggest that responding in the OST is determined not just by relative familiarity, but rather by a more specific “what-when” or perhaps “how long ago” form of stimulus control.
Union Homogenization and the Organizational Foundations of Plantwide Militancy in the U.S. Automobile Industry 1959–1979

L'A. etudie les relations professionnelles dans l'indutrie automobile americaine. Il montre que celles-ci ont change de facon significative depuis 1959. Il examine, dans ce cadre, les changements intervenus dans l'organisation des luttes sociales et dans celle des syndicats. Ceux-ci ont eu tendance a devenir de plus en plus homogenes. Il constate que les greves illegales a partir des annees 1960 furent conduites comme des strategies locales de mobilisation. Il s'efforce de montrer que les ouvriers en situation de pouvoir etaient plus a meme de provoquer ce type de greve
ROLE OF CENTRAL GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 IN HYPOTHALAMO-PITUITARY-ADRENOCORTICAL FACILITATION FOLLOWING CHRONIC STRESS

Central glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) regulates food intake, glucose homeostasis, and behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to acute stress. Given its pronounced role in acute stress regulation, the GLP-1 system is a prime candidate for mediating the prolonged drive of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis by chronic stress. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the necessity and sufficiency of GLP-1 for production of chronic stress-induced changes in HPA axis function. Exogenous GLP-1 or the GLP-1 receptor antagonist, dHG-exendin, were delivered into the 3rd ventricle of control animals or animals exposed to chronic variable stress (CVS) for 7 days. Animals in the CVS groups received GLP-1 or dHG-exendin immediately prior to each stress exposure. Prior to and at the end of the 7-day trial, chronically-stressed animals were subjected to a novel stressor to test for HPA axis facilitation. Neither GLP-1 nor dHG-exendin affected CVS-associated increases in adrenal weight or decreases in basal plasma glucose levels. In addition, neither exogenous GLP-1 nor dHG-exendin altered any index of HPA axis activity in unstressed rats. However, GLP-1 enhanced CVS-induced facilitation of corticosterone (but not ACTH) response to an acute stress, whereas dHG-exendin inhibited facilitation. In addition, GLP-1 decreased body weight in chronically-stressed animals. dHG-exendin increased food intake and body weight in unstressed animals, consistent with a tonic role for GLP-1 in body weight regulation. Overall, our data suggest that brain GLP-1 modulates HPA axis activity within the context of chronic stress, perhaps at the level of the adrenal gland.
Antibody Response in Certain Domestic Animals to Influenza Viruses.

SummaryThe antibody response measured by HI and CF tests in 7 goats, 2 sheep and a Mexican burro was followed after inoculation with influenza type A, B and C viruses. Volume production of useful hemagglutination-inhibiting antisera in these animals is possible. Nonspecific inhibitor to Asian influenza virus in normal goat and burro sera was eliminated by periodate treatment.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Content and Mitotic Activity of Vagino-Cervical Epithelium in Colchicine-Treated Mice During Estrus.

Summary1. Increased amounts of nuclear DNA were found in basal cells during periods of augmented growth in the estrous cycle. 2. These changes in nuclear DNA parallel the mitotic activity of the basal cells. 3. Exfoliated basal cells containing intermediate and tetraploid amounts of DNA were found only during early proestrus. 4. The paucity of a tetraploid nuclear population during estrogenic stimulation may indicate rapid cellular division once DNA synthesis has occurred.
Spirituality and meaning: A qualitative inquiry with caregivers of Alzheimer's disease

Abstract Alzheimer's disease has been described as a complex chronic illness that is known to cause significant stress for its caregivers. It has created dramatic role alterations in families, has increasingly more biopsychosocial demands as it progresses, and often taxes caregivers to the point of compromising their own health and well-being. This study used qualitative analyses to explore the stories of Alzheimer's care-givers. Of the 45 caregivers interviewed, all but nine mention an expression or significant event related to spirituality, whether religious or secular in nature. Specifically, twelve caregivers described a negative experience with their spiritual community, whereas twenty-four shared positive encounters. Findings supported the incorporation of a bio-psychosocial-spiritual model of healthcare to optimize caregiver well-being. Recommendations were given to assist family therapists in including spiritual beliefs and faith communities in the design and delivery of services.
Sequence Dependence of Viral RNA Encapsidation

We develop a Flory mean-field theory for viral RNA (vRNA) molecules that extends the current RNA folding algorithms to include interactions between different sections of the secondary structure. The theory is applied to sequence-selective vRNA encapsidation. The dependence on sequence enters through a single parameter: the largest eigenvalue of the Kramers matrix of the branched polymer obtained by coarse graining the secondary structure. Differences between the work of encapsidation of vRNA molecules and of randomized isomers are found to be in the range of 20 kBT, more than sufficient to provide a strong bias in favor of vRNA encapsidation. The method is applied to a packaging competition experiment where large vRNA molecules compete for encapsidation with two smaller RNA species that together have the same nucleotide sequence as the large molecule. We encounter a substantial, generic free energy bias, that also is of the order of 20 kBT, in favor of encapsidating the single large RNA molecule. The bias...
Model of Constraint on Deformation Due to Frost Heave for Tunnels in Cold Region

Authors evaluated main models for analyzing frost heave pressures in China. Based on the water space model,the characteristics of the deformation constraints on the frost heave waters were investigated. A model of constraint on deformation due to frost heave was proposed. The corresponding theoretical analysis formula was given. The location of the frost heave pressures,scales of frost water,the effects of the stiffness of surrounding rock and lining on the structural safety of lining,and distribution rules of the stiffness of surrounding rock and lining were analyzed. The results indicate that the model shows the characteristics of the local load of frost heave pressures and takes into account the effects of stiffness of lining and surrounding rock on frost heave pressures. It is also capable of simulating the frost heave water inside the storage water space as any polyhedron shape. Increasing the stiffness of lining is still an effective measure for anti-freezing.
Understanding the motivations of coastal residents to voluntarily purchase federal flood insurance

Federally-backed flood insurance is the primary mechanism by which residents in the United States (US) prepare for and recover from floods. While there is a growing literature on the general uptake of flood insurance, little work has been done to address the factors motivating residents to voluntarily buy and maintain federally-based insurance policies. We address this issue by conducting a survey of coastal residents in four localities in Texas and Florida. Based on survey responses, we quantitatively examine the factors influencing whether residents located outside of the 100-year floodplain obtain insurance policies when it is not required. Using two-sample t-tests and binary logistic regression analysis to control for multiple contextual and psychological variables, we statistically isolate the factors contributing most to the decision to purchase insurance. Our findings indicate that a resident located outside the 100-year floodplain who has voluntarily purchased federal flood insurance can be charac...
An examination of mobile app usage and the user’s life satisfaction

Increased engagement with mobile apps is an emerging trend with people today. Mobile devices have become so personalized that many people consider their mobile device as an extension of themselves....
Palladium-Mediated Ring-Opening Reactions of Strained Cyclotetrasilanes

Room-temperature ring-opening polymerization of the strained monomer 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-tetraphenylcyclotetrasilane mediated by palladium complexes was attempted. Examination of the reaction products between the cyclotetrasilane and the metal complex at high concentrations indicated that insertion of one cyclotetrasilane molecule between the ligand–palladium bond was followed by reductive elimination of the tetrasilane. Among the palladium complexes examined were (η3-allyl)PdCp [Cp=η5-cyclopentadienyl], [(η3-allyl) PdCl]2, (η3-allyl)PdCl(PPh3), (η3-allyl)PdCl(PPh3)2, (η3-allyl)Pd(PPh3)3 and PdCl2(PPh3)2. Reaction of 1,1,2,3,4-pentamethyl-2,3,4-triphenylcyclotetrasilane with (η3-allyl)PdCp provides similar products.
Noncontingent Reinforcement: From Basic Research to Therapeutic Application

This article provides an historical overview of the use of noncontingent reinforcement (NCR). Originally designed as a contingency-control procedure for both basic and applied research, in recent y...
JAK2 V617F, PRMT5, and GATA-1 Form a Regulatory Loop That Controls Autophagy Via Effects on ATG3 Gene Expression

Abstract Abstract 2822 The JAK2 V617F mutation is the most prevalent genetic abnormality in Philadelphia chromosome negative myeloproliferative neoplasia. We recently discovered that JAK2 V617F phosphorylates and inactivates PRMT5, a type II arginine methyltransferase that promotes transcriptional repression. To evaluate the PRMT5 dependent and independent effects of JAK2 V617F, we performed microarray analysis of human erythroleukemia cells (homozygous for JAK2 V617F) treated with a JAK2 inhibitor or transduced with PRMT5 shRNA. We discovered 5 autophagy-related genes (ATG3, ATG7, ATG2B, ATG5, and ATG16L1) that were positively regulated by JAK2 V617F, but negatively regulated by PRMT5. PRMT5 was bound to the promoters of these genes and binding was enhanced when PRMT5 was re-activated by a JAK2 inhibitor. Sequence analysis of ATG promoters identified at least one potential GATA-1 binding site in each ATG gene. Yet, knock-down of GATA-1 decreased the expression of ATG3 (by approximately 50%), but not the other ATG genes. ChIP analysis identified binding of both GATA-1 and PRMT5 to the ATG3 promoter, which suggests that ATG3 is transcriptionally induced by GATA-1 when PRMT5 is inactivated by JAK2 V617F. But when PRMT5 was active, it was bound to the GATA-1 promoter and ATG3 expression was downregulated. As JAK2 V617F (but not wild type) induces ATG3 expression and autophagy in AML cells and ATG3 levels are elevated in CD34+ cells from polycythemia vera patients, we conclude that JAK2 V617F promotes autophagy by inactivating PRMT5 and promoting GATA-1-dependent transcription of ATG3. Targeting autophagy with JAK2 inhibitors or other agents may be efficacious in the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasia. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Online K-12 Teachers’ Perceptions and Practices of Supporting Self-Regulated Learning:

With growing interest in and popularity of online learning and lifelong learners, students’ ability to be engaged in self-regulated learning (SRL) has become more important. Moreover, online learni...
Virulence determinants of West Nile virus: how can these be used for vaccine design?

West Nile virus (WNV), a neurotropic mosquito-borne flavivirus, has become endemic in the USA and parts of Europe since 1999. There is no licensed WNV vaccine for humans. Considering the robust immunity from immunization with live, attenuated vaccines, a live WNV vaccine is an ideal platform for disease control. Animal and mosquito studies have identified a number of candidate attenuating mutations, including the structural proteins premembrane/membrane and envelope, and the nonstructural proteins NS1, NS2A, NS3, NS4A, NS4B and NS5, and the 3′ UTR. Many of the mutations that have been examined attenuate WNV using different mechanisms, thus providing a greater understanding of WNV virulence while also identifying specific mutations as candidates to include in a WNV live vaccine.