cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mpl Genotype and Phenotype Correlations in the Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders: Relationship of Mpl Mutations, JAK2V617F Status and Mpl Protein Expression.

Abstract The chronic myeloproliferative disorders (MPD), polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytosis (ET) and idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF), are linked by a common genetic lesion, JAK2V617F, and abnormalities of the thrombopoietin receptor, Mpl. JAK2 is an obligate Mpl chaperone and is responsible for its cell surface expression. We observed a reciprocal relationship between neutrophil JAK2V617F allele percentage and platelet Mpl expression in JAK2V617F-positive PV, IMF and ET patients. However, severely impaired platelet Mpl expression was also present in the majority of JAK2V617F-negative PV and IMF patients, with the most severe reductions in IMF. We previously identified a constitutional variation in the Mpl gene in the distal N-terminal domain (K39N) associated with thrombocytosis, and an Mpl splice variant involving the same region that was increased in PV and IMF patients compared to controls. Given the association of Mpl genetic lesions and protein expression abnormalities in the MPD, we hypothesized that other lesions in Mpl may be present in the MPD. To test this, we sequenced all of the exons, the flanking intervening sequences and the 5′-proximal untranslated region of the Mpl gene in 1 ET, 3 PV and 4 IMF patients, all of whom were JAK2V617F-negative and all of whom had markedly reduced (
A Small-Molecular-Weight Growth Inhibitory Factor (SGIF) in Stationary-Phase Supernatants of Tissue Cultures

Tissue cultures stop growing and in time self-destroy when the cell concentration in the medium reaches a certain maximum. This phenomenon has been known for as long as tissue cultures have been used. Periodic addition of medium is a prerequisite for maintaining the cultured cells in adequate growing phase. The common explanation for this phenomenon is that contact inhibition occurs in overgrown cultures. Depletion of nutrients in the culture medium by the growing and metabolizing cells is an alternative explanation. The contact inhibition mechanism was self-suggested by the observation that cells growing in monolayers come in very intimate contact with each other in overgrown cultures, which do not grow further. This explanation of growth arrest was not adequate, in our opinion, to account for the arrest of growth of cells in suspension cultures, such as the human lymphoid cells. In such cultures, the total mass of cells is insignificant compared to the volume of medium in which they float. The depletion of nutrients, on the other hand, is an equally inadequate explanation, for we, and others, have found that cells can grow in media diluted with saline or other solutions for various purposes. We considered, therefore, the hypothesis that the lack of cell growth in stationary-phase cultures is due to the accumulation of materials produced by the cells themselves, which are capable of arresting cell growth when reaching a critical concentration. In fact, the effect of addition of tissue culture medium to keep a cell culture growing may be only the dilution effect on the growth inhibitory factor.
Early neurotrophic pharmacotherapy rescues developmental delay and Alzheimer's-like memory deficits in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome.

Down syndrome (DS), caused by trisomy 21, is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability and is associated with a greatly increased risk of early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The Ts65Dn mouse model of DS exhibits several key features of the disease including developmental delay and AD-like cognitive impairment. Accumulating evidence suggests that impairments in early brain development caused by trisomy 21 contribute significantly to memory deficits in adult life in DS. Prenatal genetic testing to diagnose DS in utero, provides the novel opportunity to initiate early pharmacological treatment to target this critical period of brain development. Here, we report that prenatal to early postnatal treatment with a ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) small-molecule peptide mimetic, Peptide 021 (P021), rescued developmental delay in pups and AD-like hippocampus-dependent memory impairments in adult life in Ts65Dn mice. Furthermore, this treatment prevented pre-synaptic protein deficit, decreased glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3β) activity, and increased levels of synaptic plasticity markers including brain derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) and phosphorylated CREB, both in young (3-week-old) and adult (~ 7-month-old) Ts65Dn mice. These findings provide novel evidence that providing neurotrophic support during early brain development can prevent developmental delay and AD-like memory impairments in a DS mouse model.
Role of the agranular insular cortex in contextual control over cocaine-seeking behavior in rats

Environmental stimulus control over drug relapse requires the retrieval of context-response-cocaine associations, maintained in long-term memory through active reconsolidation processes. Identifying the neural substrates of these phenomena is important from a drug addiction treatment perspective. The present study evaluated whether the agranular insular cortex (AI) plays a role in drug context-induced cocaine-seeking behavior and cocaine memory reconsolidation. Rats were trained to lever press for cocaine infusions in a distinctive context, followed by extinction training in a different context. Rats in experiment 1 received bilateral microinfusions of vehicle or a GABA agonist cocktail (baclofen and muscimol (BM)) into the AI or the overlying somatosensory cortex (SSJ, anatomical control region) immediately before a test of drug-seeking behavior (i.e., non-reinforced lever presses) in the previously cocaine-paired context. The effects of these manipulations on locomotor activity were also assessed in a novel context. Rats in experiment 2 received vehicle or BM into the AI after a 15-min reexposure to the cocaine-paired context, intended to reactivate context-response-cocaine memories and initiate their reconsolidation. The effects of these manipulations on drug context-induced cocaine-seeking behavior were assessed 72 h later. BM-induced pharmacological inactivation of the AI, but not the SSJ, attenuated drug context-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior without altering locomotor activity. Conversely, AI inactivation after memory reactivation failed to impair subsequent drug-seeking behavior and thus cocaine memory reconsolidation. These findings suggest that the AI is a critical element of the neural circuitry that mediates contextual control over cocaine-seeking behavior.
PCSK9 Inhibition to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk: Tempering Expectations

> Evolocumab and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease > > Sabatine et al > > N Engl J Med . Published online ahead of print March 17, 2017. > Cardiovascular efficacy and safety of bococizumab in high-risk patients > > Ridker et al > > N Engl J Med . 2017;376:1527–1539. The first large clinical outcomes trials of proprotein convertase subtilisin–kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors have demonstrated that these drugs, when taken with statins, reduce cardiovascular events by 15% to 20% more than statins alone. However, this event reduction is less than expected for such a large decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and the reasons for this disconnect between LDL-C lowering and cardiovascular events remain unclear. Future trials should clarify the degree of clinical benefit to be expected from PCSK9 inhibitors. Two years ago, in these pages, we discussed the results of very early clinical outcome trials of the PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies evolocumab and alirocumab.1 These drugs both reduced LDL-C levels by slightly >60% on top of statin therapy and reduced cardiovascular events by ≈50%.2,3 We noted that although these results engendered great expectations, both of these studies were preliminary, with a small number of end points, short follow-up, and other important limitations.1 As often happens with life in general, our great expectations have been tempered by 2 recent reports. The FOURIER trial (Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research With PCSK9 Inhibition in Subjects With Elevated Risk) enrolled 27 564 patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and LDL-C levels ≥70 mg/dL who were receiving statin therapy.4 Patients were randomly assigned to receive double-blind treatment with evolocumab (either 140 mg every 2 weeks or 420 mg monthly) or placebo as subcutaneous injections. The primary composite end point was cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina, or coronary revascularization and the median duration of follow-up …
Invasive coqui frogs are associated with greater abundances of nonnative birds in Hawaii, USA

ABSTRACT The global spread of invasive species has created significant challenges for avian conservation. Introduced predators and pathogens have long been recognized for their direct negative effects on birds, but introduced amphibians can reach high densities on islands with no native amphibians, where they interact with native species. The coqui frog (Eleutherodactylus coqui), introduced to the Hawaiian Islands in the late 1980s, could have significant impacts on birds because it is fully terrestrial and achieves high densities. Coquis have been hypothesized to compete with native birds for invertebrate prey, but could also serve as a novel food resource for birds that consume small vertebrates. To test whether coquis measurably affect bird abundance, we conducted point counts of birds in coqui-invaded and adjacent uninvaded plots across 15 sites on the island of Hawaii, USA. We used N-mixture models to estimate the effect of coqui presence and density on the abundances of both native and nonnative bir...
Abstract 16689: Smartphone-enabled Device for the Monitoring of Blood Volume Variations Using Magnetohydrodynamic Voltages

Background: Blood volume assessment is a valuable clinical metric, which can diagnostically be used to assess tissue health, monitor patient rehabilitation, and track the progression of wound heali...
THE EVOLUTION OF CUBIC DICE: FROM THE ROMAN THROUGH POST-MEDIEVAL PERIOD IN THE NETHERLANDS

Author(s): Eerkens, JW; de Voogt, A | Abstract: Cubic dice were brought by the Romans to the Low Countries, and are found in small numbers at many archaeological sites dating to the last 2000 years. We report on a systematic analysis of 110 well-dated dice from the Netherlands, showing that shape, pip configuration, and pip style changed significantly for bone and antler dice from the Roman to the recent historical period. Dice predating 650 CE are highly variable in all attributes, those dating between 1100 and 1450 are highly standardized, and those post-dating 1450 CE are standardized for some attributes, such as symmetry and configuration, but variable for others, such as material type. There is also a major shift from “sevens” to “primes” and back to “sevens” pip configuration across these temporal windows, and pip style was simplified over time from a dot-ring-ring pattern to simple dots. We compare these trends to a smaller set of well-dated dice from the United Kingdom and speculate on possible reasons for these changes. The information can be used in future studies in the Netherlands to help date sites and/or isolated finds, and more broadly, can be augmented with similar analyses of dice elsewhere in Eurasia to study ancient interaction networks and the cultural transmission of games involving dice play.
Candidate line selection for transmission expansion planning considering long- and short-term uncertainty

Abstract The objective of transmission expansion planning (TEP) is to expand and/or reinforce the transmission network to satisfy the increasing future demand for electricity and to integrate new power plants while maintaining an efficient operation of the system. The candidate lines initially considered for investment largely depend on the expertise of the system planner, which may result in inaccuracies if large networks are considered, as a result of the necessarily limited expertise of the planner. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to generate an effective candidate-line set for TEP considering both long- and short-term uncertainty. The long-term uncertainty includes the peak demand and available generating capacity of the system during the target year (e.g., 10 years from now) and it is described via an uncertainty set. Then, within the target year, the short-term uncertainty pertaining to different operating conditions is represented via a scenario set.
MicroRNA-7 facilitates the degradation of alpha-Synuclein and its aggregates by promoting autophagy

Alpha-Synuclein (α-Syn) is an important protein in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD) as it accumulates as fibrillar inclusions in affected brain regions including dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Elevated levels of α-Syn seem to be crucial in mediating its toxicity. Thus, detailed information regarding the regulatory mechanism of α-Syn expression in several layers such as transcription, post-transcription and post-translation is needed in order to devise therapeutic interventions for PD. Previously, we reported that expression of α-Syn is repressed by microRNA-7 (miR-7) through its effect on the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of α-Syn mRNA. Here, we show that miR-7 also accelerates the clearance of α-Syn and its aggregates by promoting autophagy in differentiated ReNcell VM cells. Further, miR-7 facilitates the degradation of pre-formed fibrils of α-Syn transported from outside the cells. This additional mechanism for reducing α-Syn levels show miR-7 to be an important molecular target for PD and other alpha-synucleinopathies.
Overview of heavy-duty diesel engines

Abstract: Heavy-duty diesel engines are defined, and the emissions standards used and to be used for heavy-duty diesel engines in different countries are presented and discussed. The main features of the latest heavy-duty diesel engines in the United States and Europe are overviewed, including the cylinder head design and the development of combustion system, turbocharger system, EGR system, diesel fuel injection system, electronic control and on-board diagnostics, and NOx and PM emissions after-treatment systems. Future trends in the development of technology to meet strategies for NOx, PM, and CO2 emissions reductions are prospected in heavy-duty diesel engines throughout the world.
Some Applications of Brouwer’s Theorem

We will return later to the problem of constructing algorithms to locate completely-labelled simplices. Here we give some examples of the use of Brouwer’s theorem in problems of interest. Of course, the existence result is less important to us than the construction of a function whose fixed points solve the given problem. We will also see some limitations of Brouwer’s theorem that may suggest extensions.
Body mass index and self-reported compliance with general health care.

OBJECTIVES The relation between elevated body mass index (BMI)/overweight-obesity and compliance with health care remains unclear; some studies have demonstrated a relation whereas others have not. To add to the confusion, a number of studies have examined specialized populations (eg, patients with diabetes mellitus) and/or only one parameter of compliance (eg, taking medication). In the present study, we examined primary care outpatients for relations between BMI and multiple parameters of healthcare adherence/compliance. METHODS Using a cross-sectional approach and a self-report survey methodology, we examined 250 primary care outpatients using three measures of healthcare compliance: conscientiousness in following through with medical treatment; a 5-item questionnaire examining compliance with general healthcare behaviors such as regular dental checkups and arrival to doctors' appointments on time; and the Medical Outcomes Study General Adherence Items, a general measure of compliance with physician directives. RESULTS With the exceptions of regular dental checkups, on-time arrival for doctors' appointments, and timely completion of laboratory work, the remaining variables demonstrated statistical significance at minimally the P & 0.05 level. CONCLUSIONS Patients with higher BMIs self-report less willingness to adhere to general healthcare requests/recommendations than patients with lower BMIs.
That Most Important Intersection

This article describes the design and components of a Knuth-style problem-solving course for undergraduate students, including example problems. The hope is that the course approach is flexible and adaptable enough that it will be relatively portable, and yet will provide a course that for both teacher and students falls in that most important intersection: the intersection of what one can do quite well, and what one can do with much passion and joy.
Unabsorbed slack resource deployment and exploratory and exploitative innovation: How much does CEO expertise matter?

Abstract Unabsorbed slack resources are critical for organizational innovativeness and success but research regarding the relationship between unabsorbed slack and firm outcomes has resulted in mixed findings. We build on upper echelons theory to shed light on the mostly overlooked role of decision makers in slack resource deployment. We investigate how the CEO's expertise influences slack resource deployment in computer software firms' exploratory and exploitative activities. Using panel data, our findings show that unabsorbed slack is associated with an increased share of exploration and a decreased share of exploitation in firm's activities. These relationships are weakened in firms led by CEOs with longer firm tenure or wider functional background breadth. In the case of CEOs with technical education, the negative relationship between slack and exploitation becomes positive, while the link between slack and exploration becomes negative. Additionally, our post-hoc analysis reveals a more precise non-linear account of the main effect relationships.
Parenterally administered vancomycin in 29 dogs and 7 cats (2003-2017).

Background Vancomycin is commonly used to treat resistant bacterial infections in people. Reported adverse effects of vancomycin in people include acute kidney injury (AKI), neutropenia, and systemic allergic reaction. Given the increased incidence of vancomycin-resistant bacterial infections in people, support is growing for restriction of vancomycin. Objectives To evaluate the use of intravenous (IV) vancomycin in a university teaching hospital and to describe potential adverse effects. Animals Twenty-nine dogs and 7 cats. Methods Medical records of dogs and cats treated with IV vancomycin at the Foster Hospital for Small Animals between January 2003 and October 2017 were reviewed. Information recorded included signalment, infection source, vancomycin dosing, potential adverse effects, and outcome. Results Vancomycin was used to treat infections from a range of sources with a variety of dosing intervals. The most common bacterial isolates susceptible to vancomycin included Enterococcus sp. (11/36, 30.6%), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (8/36, 22.2%), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (2/36, 5.6%). AKI occurred in 6 of 36 patients (16.7%) during vancomycin treatment but could not definitively be attributed to vancomycin treatment in any patients because of illness severity, additional nephrotoxic treatments, or both. Neutropenia or allergic reaction was not documented in any animal. In 2 of 36 patients (5.6%), susceptibility data documented an infection that was only susceptible to vancomycin. Most patients survived to discharge (25/36, 69.4%). Conclusions and clinical importance Adverse effects attributable to vancomycin were infrequent in dogs and cats. In most cases, there were potential alternative effective antimicrobials or lack of susceptibility data to support vancomycin treatment.
In-Flight Medical Emergencies: A Review

Importance In-flight medical emergencies (IMEs) are common and occur in a complex environment with limited medical resources. Health care personnel are often asked to assist affected passengers and the flight team, and many have limited experience in this environment. Observations In-flight medical emergencies are estimated to occur in approximately 1 per 604 flights, or 24 to 130 IMEs per 1 million passengers. These events happen in a unique environment, with airplane cabin pressurization equivalent to an altitude of 5000 to 8000 ft during flight, exposing patients to a low partial pressure of oxygen and low humidity. Minimum requirements for emergency medical kit equipment in the United States include an automated external defibrillator; equipment to obtain a basic assessment, hemorrhage control, and initiation of an intravenous line; and medications to treat basic conditions. Other countries have different minimum medical kit standards, and individual airlines have expanded the contents of their medical kit. The most common IMEs involve syncope or near-syncope (32.7%) and gastrointestinal (14.8%), respiratory (10.1%), and cardiovascular (7.0%) symptoms. Diversion of the aircraft from landing at the scheduled destination to a different airport because of a medical emergency occurs in an estimated 4.4% (95% CI, 4.3%-4.6%) of IMEs. Protections for medical volunteers who respond to IMEs in the United States include a Good Samaritan provision of the Aviation Medical Assistance Act and components of the Montreal Convention, although the duty to respond and legal protections vary across countries. Medical volunteers should identify their background and skills, perform an assessment, and report findings to ground-based medical support personnel through the flight crew. Ground-based recommendations ultimately guide interventions on board. Conclusions and Relevance In-flight medical emergencies most commonly involve near-syncope and gastrointestinal, respiratory, and cardiovascular symptoms. Health care professionals can assist during these emergencies as part of a collaborative team involving the flight crew and ground-based physicians.
Chapter 7: Retention in PETE: Survey results and discussion

Background/Purpose: Teacher educators must help students overcome faulty beliefs they developed through acculturation while also retaining highly qualified candidates through to graduation. This as...
Wooly Willy: Distance dependence of magnetic field

Every introductory physics course discusses permanent magnets, usually bar magnets. The two main properties of the magnetic field, B, treated there are its direction and strength. The latter is treated qualitatively: “the number of [field] lines per unit area is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field,” with reference to a sketch of field lines for a bar magnet. The quantitative solution of B for a bar magnet is beyond the level of any introductory course.
The EM algorithm with gradient function update for discrete mixtures with known (fixed) number of components

The paper is focussing on some recent developments in nonparametric mixture distributions. It discusses nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation of the mixing distribution and will emphasize gradient type results, especially in terms of global results and global convergence of algorithms such as vertex direction or vertex exchange method. However, the NPMLE (or the algorithms constructing it) provides also an estimate of the number of components of the mixing distribution which might be not desirable for theoretical reasons or might be not allowed from the physical interpretation of the mixture model. When the number of components is fixed in advance, the before mentioned algorithms can not be used and globally convergent algorithms do not exist up to now. Instead, the EM algorithm is often used to find maximum likelihood estimates. However, in this case multiple maxima are often occuring. An example from a meta-analyis of vitamin A and childhood mortality is used to illustrate the considerable, inferential importance of identifying the correct global likelihood. To improve the behavior of the EM algorithm we suggest a combination of gradient function steps and EM steps to achieve global convergence leading to the EM algorithm with gradient function update (EMGFU). This algorithms retains the number of components to be exactly k and typically converges to the global maximum. The behavior of the algorithm is highlighted at hand of several examples.
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization-induced self-assembly (ROMPISA) of a cisplatin analogue for high drug-loaded nanoparticles

We report the one-pot aqueous phase synthesis of cisplatin drug loaded micellar nanoparticles using Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly (ROMPISA). ROMPISA was used to generate a small library of nanoparticles to examine the effect of size and charge on their action as cytotoxic agents against human ovarian and cervical cancer cells in vitro. The results show that polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) can easily yield drug loaded nanoparticles in one step at high solids concentrations in water for formulation of drugs at cytotoxic levels.
Mesocarnivore presence and behavior on a barrier island during sea turtle nesting season

Abstract Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) management has been conducted on Masonboro Island Reserve, a component of the North Carolina National Estuarine Research Reserve, North Carolina, USA, since 2013 to reduce depredation on loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) and green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) nests. Depredation rates have varied among years indicating either an influx of red fox onto the island post cull or other mesocarnivores preying on sea turtle nests. We investigated the presence of red fox and other mesocarnivores on Masonboro Island Reserve after a culling event in 2016 to characterize mesocarnivore behavior and interactions during the turtle nesting season. We systematically placed 17 Moultrie® panoramic 150 passive infrared cameras every 0.80 km along the base of the dunes on the shoreline of Masonboro Island Reserve during May–October 2016. Of 81,509 pictures taken by the cameras, we observed 2 red fox and 1 Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginianus). There was 1 documented mammalian depredation event on turtle nests in 2016 and the number of false crawls (where females return to the ocean without laying eggs) was lower than the previous 5 years. Given that we only recorded 3 pictures on 2 different nights of mesocarnivores, our results may indicate that the 2016 cull was successful. Mesocarnivores, especially red fox and raccoons (Procyon lotor), on the mainland may temporarily shift their home range during the onset of the turtle nesting season to procure food for their offspring. By early fall, most mammal offspring disperse and likely recolonize the island annually, suggesting management efforts to reduce mammalian predators should continue. Human and domestic dog (Canis familiaris) presence on the island is abundant and also may influence turtle nest success.
Can Mental Health Anti-stigma Messages Have Untoward Effects on Some People with Depression?: An Exploratory Study

Scholars have warned that mental health anti-stigma campaigns targeting the general public can possibly be detrimental to some who are stigmatized. Scholars also have noted that people with depress...
‘[A] Nation Is Not Physically of One “Blood”’: Portraying Sudan as Non-racial

Building on the emergence of rebel narratives in the early 1960s, this chapter charts the development of the “Southern Problem” in the oppositional literature of the Sudanese government. It unpacks the government’s responses to the discursive attacks launched by rebels in exile. Crucially, the state enlisted pro-government Southerners, thereby taking advantage of the fissures between Southern elites. By delineating the rhetorical strategies in the internationally circulated government’s literature, the chapter demonstrates that the Sudanese state understood the Southern rebels as rivals in a battle for legitimacy. It argues that the subsequent diplomatic duel between the Sudanese government and Southern exiles, with words as their weaponry, constituted a crucial terrain of the first civil war.
The Differentiation of Etiologies of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension amongst Males and Females

Purpose There are limited studies which have studied the etiological differentiation of pulmonary arterial hypertension in large patient sample. Objective: To understand the association pattern of etiologies of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Methods The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was used to identify all patients 18 years and older hospitalized in 2016 with primary or secondary diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) by ICD-10 code I270. We then sought to differentiate etiologies of PAH among males and females. We looked for difference in relative risk profile, geographical distribution and outcomes including length of stay (LOS), mortality, Elixhauser mortality score and readmission score. Categorical variables were assessed with Chi square testing and continuous variables with two sample t-tests. Analyses were conducted using SAS v 9.4. Results A total of 10,300 patients with primary or secondary diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension were identified, of which 31% were males and 69% females. This distribution was observed across the US (Figure 1A). In terms of prevalence, men were primarily in the Mountain states, whereas women were primarily in the Pacific states (Figure 1B/C). Males were more likely to have HIV related pulmonary hypertension (0.78% vs 0.14%, p=0.0208), whereas females were more likely to have scleroderma related pulmonary hypertension (1.1% vs 4.08%, p=0.0003). Males were likely to have atrial fibrillation (37.25% vs 32.29%, p=0.0316), coronary artery disease (43.51% vs 27.25%, p Conclusion Pulmonary arterial hypertension in males was more likely to be associated with HIV, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, sleep apnea and smoking whereas among females, it was more likely to be associated with scleroderma.
Remixing Approaches to Experiential Learning, Design, and Assessment:

Background:Experiential learning approaches applied in classrooms are often disconnected from theory and loosely connected in classroom practice. Given critiques of experiential learning, there is ...
2.16 – Dynamic Compression

Dynamic compression methods, including shock wave and high-strain-rate studies, offer a range of insights into material properties of importance to geophysics and planetary science. Beyond direct studies of the flow and failure of projectiles and targets in impact and cratering processes, dynamic measurements of the equation of state, strength, thermodynamic functions, and phase boundaries of planetary materials at high pressure contribute essential constraints on the composition, physical state, and dynamical behavior of planetary interiors on all timescales. This chapter summarizes the physics of shock compression, experimental methods, and applications of dynamic material property measurements in geophysics and planetary science.
A Vision of Civically Engaged Art Education: Teens as Arts-Based Researchers

Civic engagement is not just concerned with identifying societal and political structures. It is also concerned with how young people understand themselves as civic agents capable of starting and s...
Modeling of global temperature control

A natural mechanism is proposed for heating and cooling the surface of the Earth so that all living beings can live in a consistent comfortable temperature condition throughout the seasons. To accomplish this, photon particles are remodeled by implementing the Bose–Einstein (B–E) dormant photonic dynamics of the Earth surface plane. Simply, the proposed decoded B–E photons are induced by the photonic band-gap of the Earth’s surface to convert solar photons into cooling-state photons, here named Hossain cooling photons (HcP−s), which will eventually cool the Earth’s surface. Interestingly, an HcP− can be converted into a thermostate photon, named the Hossain thermal photon (HtP−), by implementing the Higgs boson (H → γγ−) electromagnetic quantum fields utilized by the Earth’s electromagnetic force. The H → γγ− quantum field of the Earth surface plane has an extremely small weak force, which will force the electrically charged HcP− quantum to convert into an HtP− to naturally heat the Earth’s surface. The formation of HcP− particles from the photon particles and then the conversion of HcP− to HtP− are proven by a set of mathematical tests in this research, which reveals the feasibility that the deformed photons (HcP− and HtP−) can actively interact with the Earth’s surface to naturally cool and heat the Earth.
Moving Forward: A Bioarchaeology of Mobility and Migration

Growing interest in bioarchaeology and its ability to address complex questions tied to social and biological identities in the past has led to the development of nuanced methods for evaluating mobility and migration using human skeletal remains. Improving our ability to identify both short- and long-term migration through observations of body modification, analyses of biological distance, and applications of biogeochemical and aDNA techniques has enabled us to move beyond the simple dichotomous classification of past individuals as either local or nonlocal. These approaches have elucidated the complexity of migration processes while also revealing the heterogeneous ways in which individual agents and social groups incorporate, instigate, experience, and adapt to movement. These data have likewise demonstrated the potential of bioarchaeology to reveal broader patterns of social organization, social and ethnic identities, fictive kinship, postmarital residence, gender roles and relations, detailed life courses, responses to climate stress, and pathways of disease transmission. As bioarchaeology continues to contribute to mobility and migration studies, human skeletal data should be further contextualized by the archaeological record and linked to anthropological, archaeological, and bioarchaeological theoretical frameworks as part of more holistic attempts to explain the diversity and dynamics of human movement, interaction, and identity construction among communities in the past.
Enforcing Standards: The Joint Commission

On March 30, 1981, Ronald Reagan, president of the USA, was shot in an assassination attempt. During his lifesaving surgery at the George Washington Hospital, the nation was riveted by the clear and calm account of its progress by the hospital’s physician spokesman, Dennis O’Leary. Five years later, O’Leary became the head of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals.
Semantic image clustering using relevance feedback

This paper describes an image clustering approach to grouping semantically similar images. In this approach, the similarity between images is estimated using users' relevance feedback information recorded in the user log of an image retrieval system. An algorithm similar to CAST (Cluster Affinity Search Technique) is used to identify clusters of semantically related images. It is a two-stage clustering method: the pre-classification partitions the images into closely related groups; within each group, the fine clustering mines semantically related clusters of images. Experiments on more than 10,000 images demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.
Die Bestimmung des Koeffizienten der Selbstinduktion

Da dieser Koeffizient durch die Beziehung L = e/di/dt gegeben ist, so erkennt man, das dessen Einheit durch diejenige Anderung des Stromes in der Sekunde dargestellt ist, die 1 Volt erzeugt. Das praktische System benutzt das Henry (H) als die Einheit, oder das Millihenry (= 10-3 H) und Mikrohenry (= 10-6 H).
True left ventricular aneurysm and healed myocardial infarction: Clinical and necropsy observations including quantification of degrees of coronary arterial narrowing

Abstract Clinical and necropsy observations are described in 28 patients (24 men) aged 31 to 85 years (mean 62) with healed myocardial infarction and a true left ventricular aneurysm. In contrast to findings in other subsets of necropsy patients with fatal coronary heart disease, chronic congestive heart failure was frequent (22 patients); angina pectoris was infrequent (4 patients) and, when present, never severe; recurrence of acute myocardial infarction (2 patients), sudden death (2 patients) and clinically evident systemic emboli (1 patient) were infrequent; survival for more than 5 years after healing of the acute infarction was infrequent (in 3 of 21 patients with clinically diagnosed acute myocardial infarcts); and survival for longer than 1 year after aneurysmectomy was lacking (0 of 7 patients). Additionally, 23 of the 28 patients had a large heart (greater than 400 g [mean 523], 26 had dilated nonaneurysmal portions of the left ventricle, and all but 1 had a large (greater than 30 percent of the left ventricular wall) myocardial infarct. In 25 of the 28 patients, two or more of the four major epicardial coronary arteries were greater than 75 percent narrowed in cross-sectional area by atherosclerotic plaques. In 992 segments (each 5 mm long) of a major coronary artery examined in 22 patients (45 segments/patient), narrowing was greater than 75 percent in 323 segments (33 percent) and ranged from 51 to 75 percent in 419 (42 percent), from 26 to 50 percent in 210 (21 percent) and from 0 to 25 percent in 40 (4 percent). Thus, the scarred, hypertrophied and aneurysmally dilated left ventricle infrequently produces chest pain or fatal arrhythmia despite diffuse, severe coronary narrowing.
Effects of novel females and stage of the estrous cycle on sexual behavior in mature beef bulls

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of unrestrained females on sexual behavior of bulls. Twelve Angus bulls were used in three Latin square replicates where sexual interactions between one bull and one female were quantified for each of four 60-min tests (T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively). All bulls received the following treatments: 1) exposure to four estrual females in sequence (A-B-C-D); 2) exposure to two estrual females in alternating sequence (E-F-E-F); 3) exposure repeatedly to one estrual female (G-G-G-G); and 4) exposure repeatedly to one diestrous female (CON). During T1, mount interactions, mounts with intromission and mounting intervals were similar when bulls were in A-B-C-D, E-F-E-F, or G-G-G-G. Fewer mount interactions, no mounts with intromission, and increased mounting intervals (P < 0.05) occurred in CON. During T2, there were more mount interactions, more mounts with intromission, and decreased mounting intervals (P < 0.05) when bulls were in A-B-C-D or E-F-E-F compared with when they were in G-G-G-G or CON. More mount interactions (P < 0.05) occurred in G-G-G-G compared with CON, but mounts with intromission and mounting intervals did not differ. During T3, more mount interactions (P < 0.05) occurred in G-G-G-G than in CON; otherwise, sexual behaviors were similar among treatments. Mounting intervals during T3 were similar among A-B-C-D, E-F-E-F, and G-G-G-G, but were all decreased (P < 0.05) compared with CON. During T4, more mount interactions, more mounts with intromission, and decreased mounting intervals (P < 0.05) occurred when bulls were in A-B-C-D compared with other treatments. Mount interactions were similar when bulls were in E-F-E-F, G-G-G-G, or CON; however, more (P < 0.05) mounts with intromission occurred when bulls were in E-F-E-F compared with G-G-G-G or CON. Mounting intervals during T4 were decreased (P < 0.05) in E-F-E-F compared with the CON treatment, whereas in G-G-G-G, they were intermediate. Mounts without intromission were not affected by female novelty or receptivity, but novel females induced more flehmen responses. In conclusion, novel, females, overall, enhanced sexual activity of bulls; however, bull sexual responses diminished after 2 h, even when a novel female was presented. Estrual females that were repeatedly paired with bulls displayed diminished sexual receptivity, but if mated females were rested for 60 min, they allowed further copulation from familiar bulls that were not sexually sated.
Synaptically released zinc: Physiological functions and pathological effects

In addition to its familiar role as a component of metalloproteins, zinc is also sequestered in the presynaptic vesicles of a specialized type of neurons called ‘zinc-containing’ neurons. Here we review the physiological and pathological effects of the release of zinc from these zinc-containing synaptic terminals. The best-established physiological role of synaptically released zinc is the tonic modulation of brain excitability through modulation of amino acid receptors; prominent pathological effects include acceleration of plaque deposition in Alzheimer’s disease and exacerbation of excitotoxic neuron injury. Synaptically released zinc functions as a conventional synaptic neurotransmitter or neuromodulator, being released into the cleft, then recycled into the presynaptic terminal. Beyond this, zinc also has the highly unconventional property that it passes into postsynaptic neurons during synaptic events, functioning analogously to calcium in this regard, as a transmembrane neural signal. To stimulate comparisons of zinc signals with calcium signals, we have compiled a list of the important parameters of calcium signals and zinc signals. More speculatively, we hypothesize that zinc signals may loosely mimic phosphate ‘signals’ in the sense that signal zinc ions may commonly bind to proteins in a lasting manner (i.e., ‘zincylating’ the proteins) with consequential changes in protein structure and function.
Revisiting the Tao of Resource Sharing

This article revisits the author’s 2001 article on resource sharing’s anticipated increased demand as a service and its larger role in collection management. The article presents arguments that interlibrary loan’s role is still evolving and stresses the need for increased cooperation and shared collection development among academic libraries.
Consumer Rights Screening Tool for Domestic Violence Advocates and Lawyers

This publication is supported by Grant #2009-VF-GX-K005 awarded by the Office for Victims of Crime, U.S. Department of Justice. Points of view in these materials are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. © Copyright 2010, National Consumer Law Center, Inc. and Center for Survivor Agency and Justice. All rights reserved. 1 Consumer Rights Screening Tool for Domestic Violence Advocates and Lawyers
Assessing the Reliability and Validity of Student Self-Reports of Campus Violence

Responses of adolescents who failed reliability and/or validity checks on a school climate and violence questionnaire (n = 109) were compared with a randomly selected matched group of students (n = 109) who answered consistently and accurately. Results indicated significant differences between the two groups on indexes of school violence victimization, perceived danger at school, peer connections, and course grades. The most critical finding was that students with invalid and/or unreliable responses reported significantly more violence victimizations than the comparison group. The need for research addressing the accuracy of school violence self-reports and concerns about the accuracy of existing school violence prevalence information are discussed.
School-Based Violence Prevention Programs

Abstract School violence in the United States is an issue of grave concern for educators, students, parents, and communities. Many schools have responded to the problem by initiating prevention interventions without empirical evidence of effectiveness, assuming it is better to do something rather than to do nothing. In some cases though, more harm than good may result when such intervention strategies and programs are implemented only for the sake of doing something in response to the problem. The literature review examines research on school violence and provides a review of selected school-based violence prevention programs with beginning empirical support of their effectiveness. The authors stress the importance of schools implementing school-based violence prevention programs that have produced empirical evidence of effectiveness.
The structure, morphology and orientation relationship of V3N in α-vanadium

Abstract The precipitation of the V3N phase in the α phase of the V-N system has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy and diffraction. This phase is shown to be c.p.h. in respect to metal atoms and the nitrogen atoms are ordered in an interpenetrating hexagonal structure. Precipitation proceeds by nucleation and growth of V3N particles in the α-phase. At a size of about 5000 A the growing particle causes plastic deformation of the matrix. Twins with K1 = {10.1} are present throughout the growth process and these are shown to result from restraints imposed by the matrix. The plate-like morphology of the V3N has a habit plane near {112}bcc. The orientation relationship is only approximately that of Burgers and is best described as (10·1)cph 11 (110)bcc, where (10·1)cph is the particular {10·1}cph plane which is also the twin plane in the particle. In this plane the close-packed directions are rotated by 2.4 ± 0.2 °. Energetic considerations relating to the precipitate shape and the orientation relationship are discussed.
Implementing Unit Costing: Efficiency in Translating Policy to Practice

Abstract The Department of Defense (DoD) faces increasing pressure to improve efficiency, productivity and quality and to provide better cost data to support defense decision making. To accomplish this, DoD has introduced an internal pricing system referred to as unit costing. In particular, DoD centrally sets unit costs (prices) so that producers are expected to break-even each year. This paper analyzes the efficiency implications of DoD's unit costing system and finds the following results: none Unit costing won't maximize efficiency in using DoD's scarce resources because it bases decisions on average total rather than marginal cost. none Unit costs don't provide adequate incentives for managers to undertake cost reducing capital investments. none DoD can't use unit costs to make consolidation/closure decisions. none Unit costs may be unstable. none These types of problems should be expected with unit costing because it is a planned, centralized process designed to mimic autonomous, decentralized marke...
Nonlinear fluctuations: The problem of deterministic limit and reconstruction of stochastic dynamics

The paper discusses the connection between the deterministic and stochastic description of nonlinear, generally nonequilibrium systems. The fluctuations are treated in terms of a Markov process (master equation or Fokker-Planck equation). For processes obeying the symmetry of generalized detailed balance (GDB), the deterministic flow is cast into a form exhibiting the maximum amount of information about the stochastic dynamics. The deterministic flow contains information about Kramers-Moyal moments of order $n\ensuremath{\ge}2$. A semipositive definite, symmetric transport matrix is introduced which satisfies generalized Onsager relations. In terms of this transport matrix the deterministic flow of processes obeying GDB can be cast into the standard form of thermodynamics. Some of the results are elucidated using a nonlinear birth and death master equation with nearest-neighbor transitions. Given the deterministic flow, the focus is on the problem of reconstruction of the original stochastic dynamics. The information contained in the deterministic flow of processes obeying GDB is not sufficient for a reconstruction of the stochastic dynamics. Given only the information of both, the stationary probability and deterministic flow, we identify a class of Fokker-Planck processes for which the stochastic dynamics can be uniquely reconstructed.