cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A social psychological model of women’s gender‐typed occupational mobility

This study develops a social psychological model to account for women’s gender‐typed occupational mobility. The model delineates that occupational gender composition affects women’s psychological experience (experience of sex discrimination, self‐efficacy, and gender role ideology), and that this psychological experience, in turn, contributes to their mobility between male‐dominated and female‐dominated occupations. Using the National Longitudinal Surveys (NLS) of Young Women data, the study finds that occupational gender composition affects women’s report of experience of sex discrimination but not self‐efficacy or gender role ideology. Self‐efficacy contributes to women’s gender‐typed occupational mobility, but experience of sex discrimination and gender role ideology do not. The direction for future research is discussed.
The new enlightenment hypothesis: All learners are rational

The proposal to recruit available formal structures to build an algorithmic model of all learning falters on close examination of its essential assumption: that the input and output of the model are propositional in structure. After giving three framework considerations, I describe three possibly fatal problems with this assumption, concluding each with a question that needs answering to avoid fatality.
SCI: Towards a Social Collaborative Integrated Development Environment

Software development teams face challenges communicating with each other. This paper presents the design of a social real-time collaborative IDE called SCI that unifies the concepts of social network and collaborative IDE. SCI integrates presence and activity awareness information and collaborative program development tools. Activity awareness information provides a sense of the presence of each team member: their activity on joint projects, technical interests, currently active sessions, and availability profile. The collaboration tools provide a wide range of facilities for synchronous and asynchronous collaboration and information sharing between team members.
Effects of seasonal and interannual variability in along-shelf and cross-shelf transport on groundfish recruitment in the eastern Bering Sea

The Bering Sea responds rapidly to atmospheric perturbations and over the past several decades has experienced extreme variability in both its physical and biological characteristics. These changes can impact organisms that inhabit the region, particularly marine fishes, as normal current patterns to which reproductive habits are tuned can be disrupted, which, in turn, may influence recruitment and population dynamics. To understand the influence of ocean circulation on groundfish recruitment in the eastern Bering Sea, we examined transport along and across the Bering Slope derived from 23 years (1982–2004) of simulations from a Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) ocean circulation model. We expected that changes in the strength and position of the Bering Slope Current (BSC) would affect recruitment in selected species (Pacific cod, walleye pollock, Greenland halibut, Pacific halibut, and arrowtooth flounder), and that circulation features along and across the shelf edge would be strongly influenced by atmospheric forcing. Variability in along-shelf transport at three transects along the path of the BSC, cross-shelf transport across the 100 and 200 m isobaths, and transport through Unimak Pass were examined. Strong seasonal and interannual variations in flow were observed, with transport typically highest during fall and winter months, coinciding with timing of spawning activity in the five species. Significant correlations were found between transport, BSC position, and groundfish recruitment. Pacific cod, in particular, benefitted from decreased along-shelf and on-shelf flow, while Pacific halibut recruitment increased in relation to increased on-shelf transport through southern canyons. The results of this study improve our understanding of variability in circulation and associated effects on groundfish recruitment in the eastern Bering Sea.
On k-detour subgraphs of hypercubes

A spanning subgraph G of a graph H is a k-detour subgraph of H if for each pair of vertices $x,y \in V(H)$, the distance, ${\rm dist}_G(x,y)$, between x and y in G exceeds that in H by at most k. Such subgraphs sometimes also are called additive spanners. In this article, we study k-detour subgraphs of the n-dimensional cube, $Q^n$, with few edges or with moderate maximum degree. Let $\Delta(k,n)$ denote the minimum possible maximum degree of a k-detour subgraph of $Q^n$. The main result is that for every $k\geq 2$ and $n \geq 21$ $$e^{-2k} {{n} \over {\ln n}} \le \Delta(k,n) \le 20 {n{\ln {\ln n}} \over {\ln n}}.$$ On the other hand, for each fixed even $k \geq 4$ and large n, there exists a k-detour subgraph of $Q^n$ with average degree at most $2 + 2^{4-k/2}+o(1)$. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 57: 55–64, 2008
Ground-water temperature fluctuations at Lyons Ferry Fish Hatchery, Washington

The well field serving the Lyons Ferry Fish Hatchery has experienced reduced water temperatures following continued, periodic withdrawal of large volumes of water. In January 1985, the well field temperature was 49/sup 0/F, which is less than the optimal 52/sup 0/F for raising salmon and steelhead trout. The aquifer supplying the hatchery is in hydraulic and thermal connection with the Snake River and a flooded embayment of the Palouse River. Ground-water temperatures in the well field cycle on an annual basis in response to changes in surface water temperature and pumping rate. Numerical simulation of the well field, using a simplified mixing cell model, demonstrates the coupling of well field hydraulics and aquifer thermal response. Alternative pumping schedules indicate that it is feasible to adjust ground-water pumping to effectively store heat in the aquifer during the summer months when surface water temperatures are elevated. Sensitivity analysis of this model indicated that the primary controls of the system's thermal response are the volume of the aquifer assumed to contribute to the well field and temperature of the overlying surface water body.
Bioaccumulation of Copper Ions by Escherichia coli Expressing Vanabin Genes from the Vanadium-Rich Ascidian Ascidia sydneiensis samea

The genes encoding two vanadium-binding proteins, vanabin1 and vanabin2, from a vanadium-rich ascidian, Ascidia sydneiensis samea, were recently identified and cloned (T. Ueki, T. Adachi, S. Kawano, M. Aoshima, N. Yamaguchi, K. Kanamori, and H. Michibata, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1626:43-50, 2003). The vanabins were found to bind vanadium(IV), and an excess of copper(II) ions inhibited the binding of vanadium(IV) to the vanabins in vitro. In this study, we constructed Escherichia coli strains that expressed vanabin1 or vanabin2 fused to maltose-binding protein (MBP) in the periplasmic space. We found that both strains accumulated about twenty times more copper(II) ions than the control BL21 strain, while no significant accumulation of vanadium was observed. The strains expressing either MBP-vanabin1 or MBP-vanabin2 absorbed approximately 70% of the copper ions in the medium to which 10 micro M copper (II) ions were initially added. The MBP-vanabin1 and MBP-vanabin2 protein expressed in the periplasm bound to copper ions at a copper:protein molar ratio of 8:1 and 5:1, respectively, but MBP did not bind to copper ions. These data showed that the metal-binding proteins vanabin1 and vanabin2 bound copper ions directly and enhanced the bioaccumulation of copper ions by E. coli.
“Assume the Position . . . You Fit the Description”: Psychosocial Experiences and Racial Battle Fatigue Among African American Male College Students

The present study examines the experiences of 36 Black male students, in focus group interviews, enrolled at Harvard University; Michigan State University; University of California, Berkeley; University of Illinois; and the University of Michigan. Two themes emerged: (a) anti-Black male stereotyping and marginality (or Black misandry), which caused (b) extreme hypersurveillance and control. Respondents experienced racial microaggressions in three domains: (a) campus—academic, (b) campus—social, and (c) campus—public spaces. Black males are stereotyped and placed under increased surveillance by community and local policing tactics on and off campus. Across these domains, Black males were defined as being “out of place” and “fitting the description” of illegitimate nonmembers of the campus community. Students reported psychological stress responses symptomatic of racial battle fatigue (e.g., frustration, shock, anger, disappointment, resentment, anxiety, helplessness, hopelessness, and fear). There was unan...
Fast, memory-efficient regular expression matching with NFA-OBDDs

Modern network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) employ regular expressions as attack signatures. Internally, NIDS represent and operate these regular expressions as finite automata. However, finite automata present a well-known time/space tradeoff. Deterministic automata (DFAs) provide fast matching, but DFAs for large signature sets often consume gigabytes of memory because DFA combination results in a multiplicative increase in the number of states. Non-deterministic automata (NFAs) address this problem and are space-efficient, but are several orders of magnitude slower than DFAs. This time/space tradeoff has motivated much recent research, primarily with a focus on improving the space-efficiency of DFAs, often at the cost of reducing their performance. We consider an alternative approach that focuses instead on improving the time-efficiency of NFA-based signature matching. NFAs are inefficient because they maintain a frontier of multiple states at any instant during their operation, each of which must be processed for every input symbol. We introduce NFA-OBDDs, which use ordered binary decision diagrams (OBDDs) to efficiently process sets of NFA frontier states. Experiments using HTTP and FTP signature sets from Snort show that NFA-OBDDs can outperform traditional NFAs by up to three orders of magnitude, thereby making them competitive with a variant of DFAs, while still retaining the space-efficiency of NFAs.
Necrotic Lung and Bronchopleural Fistula as Complications of Therapy in Lung Cancer

AbstractSeven patients developed a lung abscess and bronchopleural fistula after undergoing aggressive treatment of their lung cancer with radiotherapy ± chemotherapy. These complications were preceded by a prodrome of recurrent bronchitis with increasing refractoriness to antibiotics, weight loss, fever, and generalized debilitation. Delays in definitive diagnosis and treatment often resulted from concern about the patients guarded cancer prognosis and misinterpretation of involved areas on x-rays and scans as being secondary to cancer rather than manifestations of treatment toxicity. Early surgical treatment utilizing local muscular flaps for bronchial stump reinforcement and restoration of chest wall continuity can successfully remedy these complications.
Open Standards Simulation Flow for Heterogeneous System Models1

The main responsibility of the Systems Engineer is to understand the system as a whole. In modern Model-Based approaches, powerful analytic tools are employed to assist the professionals. Yet the need to address the disparate aspects of the system in a single analytic process creates a new challenge stemming from the incompatibility of heterogeneous domain models. A further complication is the ubiquitous software that monitors and controls almost every aspect of a physical system behavior, adding yet another aspect that requires attention. This manuscript offers details of the construction of a Model-Based tool chain automating the simulation flow between disparate domain models, with a special place for discrete models used for description of software functionality. The proposed flow is based on the open Functional Mockup Interface standard with partial functionality already available in the commercial offerings. The paper further identifies several missing components in existing standards and tools.
Evolution of L12 ordered domains in fcc Cu3Au alloy

When a disordered Cu0.75Au0.25 alloy is cooled down below Tc (= 663 K), it orders into the L 12 phase (Cu3Au), exhibiting initially a microstructure of domain walls. Whereas at long time (t) the average size of the domains develops as a power law , at short times a distinct incubation period is observed experimentally. We show that a first-principles description of a configurational Hamiltonian via the 'mixed-space cluster expansion' that includes both 'chemical' and 'strain' effects produces such an incubation period in Monte Carlo simulations, whereas the classical short-ranged ('chemical' only) Ising description does not. We find that the origin of this delay time is the elastic energy, ensuing from the Cu–Au atomic size mismatch.
Draw-and-Tell Conversations With Children About Fear

As the demand to include children in research increases, researchers are discovering that few methods exist that are specifically designed with children in mind. In this article, the author introduces the draw-and-tell conversation as a child-centered and child-directed approach to data collection and illustrates its use in a qualitative study of children’s fear experiences. Twenty-two children, ages 7 and 8 years, participated. Sequential mixed qualitative analyses suggest that children’s draw-and-tell conversations provide new insight into how children describe and experience fear and highlight the unique nature of information accessed when using this approach.
Using solution- and solid-state S K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy with density functional theory to evaluate M–S bonding for MS42− (M = Cr, Mo, W) dianions

Herein, we have evaluated relative changes in M-S electronic structure and orbital mixing in Group 6 MS4(2-) dianions using solid- and solution-phase S K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS; M = Mo, W), as well as density functional theory (DFT; M = Cr, Mo, W) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations. To facilitate comparison with solution measurements (conducted in acetonitrile), theoretical models included gas-phase calculations as well as those that incorporated an acetonitrile dielectric, the latter of which provided better agreement with experiment. Two pre-edge features arising from S 1s → e* and t electron excitations were observed in the S K-edge XAS spectra and were reasonably assigned as (1)A1 → (1)T2 transitions. For MoS4(2-), both solution-phase pre-edge peak intensities were consistent with results from the solid-state spectra. For WS4(2-), solution- and solid-state pre-edge peak intensities for transitions involving e* were equivalent, while transitions involving the t orbitals were less intense in solution. Experimental and computational results have been presented in comparison to recent analyses of MO4(2-) dianions, which allowed M-S and M-O orbital mixing to be evaluated as the principle quantum number (n) for the metal valence d orbitals increased (3d, 4d, 5d). Overall, the M-E (E = O, S) analyses revealed distinct trends in orbital mixing. For example, as the Group 6 triad was descended, e* (π*) orbital mixing remained constant in the M-S bonds, but increased appreciably for M-O interactions. For the t orbitals (σ* + π*), mixing decreased slightly for M-S bonding and increased only slightly for the M-O interactions. These results suggested that the metal and ligand valence orbital energies and radial extensions delicately influenced the orbital compositions for isoelectronic ME4(2-) (E = O, S) dianions.
PGE2 suppresses mitogen-induced Ca2+ mobilization in T cells

PGE2-mediated suppression of T cell proliferation during sepsis could result from altered Ca2+ signaling. The present study evaluated the effects of PGE2 on Ca2+ release from intracellular stores and its influx through the plasma membrane in splenic T cells from Sprague-Dawley rats. Intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) responses in individual T cells were assessed using the Ca2+ imaging technique, and the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores and Ca2+ influx were spectrofluorometrically quantified in T cell suspensions. Under unstimulated conditions, nearly 85% of T cells exhibited [Ca2+]i≤50 nM. After stimulation with concanavalin A (Con A), an increase in [Ca2+]iwas recorded in ∼60% of the cells. The pretreatment of T cells with PGE2 had no apparent effect on [Ca2+]iin resting cells; it significantly suppressed the Con A-induced increase in [Ca2+]iin all of the Con A-responsive cells. Ca2+ release from the intracellular stores contributed to the early spike in [Ca2+]i, and the late phase of elevation in [Ca2+]iwas dependent on Ca2+ influx through the plasma membrane. Our data suggest that PGE2 causes an overall suppression of the Con A-induced [Ca2+]ielevation in T cells via inhibiting both Ca2+ influx and its release from the intracellular stores.
Theory of Plasticity for a Class of Inclusion and Fiber-Reinforced Composites

Based on the theoretical framework recently established by Tandon and Weng (1988), a multiaxial theory of plasticity is developed for a class of composites containing unidirectionally aligned spheroidal inclusions. The aspect ratio of inclusions may range from that of a thin disk all the way to that of a continuous fiber, and its influence on the transversely isotropic elastoplastic behavior of the composite is investigated. Under a combined stress the secant moduli of the composite and the average stress concentration factors of the matrix are derived. It is shown that the yield condition of the composite generally depends on the hydrostatic pressure, contributing most significantly for the disk and fiber-reinforced cases. Both the initial yield stress and the work-hardening modulus of the anisotropic composite are also seen to be strongly influenced by the shape of inclusions; the disks are found to be most effective in the transverse plane but the fibers are so along the axial direction. Finally, a rather detailed account on the elastoplastic behavior of fiber-reinforced composites is given, and a comparison of the stress-strain curve with experiment is also demonstrated.
Impact of Advertising Model's Body Size on Perceived Product Quality: Category-Based Induction Approach

AbstractThin female models are aggressively employed in advertisements (Slater, Tiggemann, Hawkins, & Werchon, 2012; Wasylkiw, Emms, Meuse, & Poirier, 2009). Previous studies showed that physically attractive advertising are effective because image-transfer occurs between the models and advertised products (e.g., Kamins & Gupta, 1994). Considering that the current standard for physical attractiveness is thinness for women (Gurung & Chrouser, 2007), the effect of thin female spokespersons can be attributed to the image-transfer. To explain the mechanism of image-transfer, the current study employed category-based induction as a theoretical foundation. The results confirmed that consumers evaluated advertised products based on category-based induction. Specifically, consumers classified a thin female model into positive categorization, which was used to evaluate advertised products. The study also investigated the moderating role of various psychographic factors. The results showed that adherence to traditi...
Microstructural Study and Thermal Modeling of Laser Formed Ti-6Al-4V

A two-dimensional thermal model for a commercial laser additive manufacturing (LAM) process has been developed to predict the thermal history of Laser Formed Ti-6Al-4V single line (rib-on-web) builds. The thermal model has been developed to assist in the prediction and interpretation of the as-processed microstructure, which evolves as a result of the complex thermal history that develops as a result of the deposition of multiple layers of material. In the current work, the model is used to show that the presence of layer bands is a result of different regions in the build experiencing varying super b transus time, temperature, and cooling rate conditions within different regions in the build.
Developmental patterns of rat muscle histochemistry.

A developmental progression of histochemical fiber typing is demonstrated in normal rat soleus muscle. By utilizing the acid lability of ATPase, the type II fibers are subdivided into type IIA, IIB and IIC. No IIB fibers are present in the newborn or adult rat soleus. In the 1-day-old animal 90% of the fibers can be differentiated into type I and II with all of the type II's demonstrating 1IC characteristics. Only type I and IIC fibers are present until 18 days, when poorly differentiated IIA fibers first appear and gradually become the predominant type II fiber at the expense of IIC's. Further analysis documents the sequence of disappearance of myotubes from up to 80% of all fibers in the 1-day-old to less than 1% between 15 and 18 days. An analysis of the progression of fiber size according to type is presented.
Spatially heterodyned snapshot imaging spectrometer

Snapshot hyperspectral imaging Fourier transform (SHIFT) spectrometers are a promising technology in optical detection and target identification. For any imaging spectrometer, spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution, along with form factor, power consumption, and computational complexity are often the design considerations for a desired application. Motivated by the need for high spectral resolution systems, capable of real-time implementation, we demonstrate improvements to the spectral resolution and computation trade-space. In this paper, we discuss the implementation of spatial heterodyning, using polarization gratings, to improve the spectral resolution trade space of a SHIFT spectrometer. Additionally, we employ neural networks to reduce the computational complexity required for data reduction, as appropriate for real-time imaging applications. Ultimately, with this method we demonstrate an 87% decrease in processing steps when compared to Fourier techniques. Additionally, we show an 80% reduction in spectral reconstruction error and a 30% increase in spatial fidelity when compared to linear operator techniques.
The APEX trigger processor

Positron identification in APEX is accomplished via the detection of the characteristic back-to-back 511 keV gamma rays emitted when the positrons annihilate in the APEX silicon array. The photons are detected in NaI arrays that surround the silicon arrays. To trigger APEX we designed and constructed the APEX Trigger Processor (ATP). The ATP provides a hardware trigger based on the consistency of the NaI hit pattern with a set of pre-loaded patterns. The pattern look-up and trigger production occur within 80 ns (the ATLAS beam pulse period). The spurious trigger rate is dominated by room background events which generate true back-to-back hit patterns. These false triggers are easily rejected in hardware and software. The basic design and performance of he ATP, with and without beam, will be discussed.
Comparison of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization for EGR1 Vs CSF1R for the Detection of Del(5q) in Myelodysplasia and Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

The detection of del(5q) in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) provides useful information to guide the choice of therapy, given the efficacy of lenalidomide in cases containing this abnormality. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis offers the opportunity to specifically detect chromosomal abnormalities much more rapidly than metaphase cytogenetics, which may have a turnaround time of several weeks. However, it is currently unclear which chromosomal loci are the most appropriate to examine for detection of del(5q) in routine practice. The breakpoints on chromosome 5q are heterogeneous and two commonly deleted regions (CDR) have been described. The first CDR occurs in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and high grade MDS and encompasses a region at 5q31 including the EGR1 locus. A second CDR, occurring in at least some cases reported as 5q- syndrome, centers around 5q33 and includes the CSF1R locus. We therefore examined whether FISH studies for EGR1 , CSF1R , or a combination of both probes would provide the greatest clinical utility for detection of del(5q). 51 cases of myeloid neoplasms with del(5q) by metaphase cytogenetics were analyzed, including 5q- syndrome (n=8), refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB, n=8), refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD, n=6), MDS unclassifiable (n=1), therapy related MDS (n=1), myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative overlap syndromes (MDS/MPD, n=6), and AML (n=21). FISH studies using EGR1/D5S23, D5S721 and CSF1R/D5S23, D5S721 probes (Abbot Molecular, Abbot Park, IL) were performed on archival bone marrows (45 coverslip aspirate smears, 4 cytogenetic culture cell pellets, and 2 formalin fixed paraffin embedded clot sections). Normal ranges were established for each probe by analysis of appropriate negative control samples. Deletion of the EGR1 locus was detected in 49/51 (96%) cases, including each case of 5q- syndrome. The CSF1R locus, which could be analyzed in 48 cases, was deleted in 44 cases (92%). In cases with concordant results, a similar percentage of abnormal nuclei was identified with each probe. Two cases (1 MDS/MPD and 1 AML) displayed deletion of the EGR1 locus but a normal pattern for CSF1R . Two cases (1 AML and 1 MDS/MPD) showed no evidence of EGR1 or CSF1R deletion despite a del(5q) identified by metaphase cytogenetics. In conclusion, FISH for EGR1 is sufficient to successfully detect del(5q) in the vast majority of cases of MDS and AML containing this abnormality, including at least most cases of 5q- syndrome. Additional FISH studies for the CSF1R locus did not increase the diagnostic yield. Further studies will be required to determine if deletions of 5q involving EGR1 but not CSF1R influence the response to lenalidomide. A small number of cases of del(5q) are detected only by metaphase cytogenetics, possibly due to a small number of abnormal cells present prior to in vitro culture.
Laparoscopic TAPP Repair

Inguinal hernia repair remains one of the most common surgical procedures performed worldwide. There are a variety of repair techniques for the treatment of inguinal hernias, including open, laparoscopic, and robotic approaches. In this chapter we will review the indications, technique, and outcomes associated with the laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) inguinal hernia repair. While there is a learning curve associated with the TAPP approach, both short- and long-term outcomes have been very favorable including low recurrence and chronic pain rates and rapid postoperative recovery. It is also an ideal approach for certain situations including bilateral inguinal hernias and recurrent hernias following previous open anterior repair. The TAPP approach is an excellent repair option for a surgeon to have in her/his armamentarium and it will be thoroughly reviewed in this chapter.
Geodetic Alignment of Aerial Video Frames

With the sophistication of artificial vision systems, the need to endanger human lives for many hazardous activities is increasingly proving to be avoidable. From aerial reconnaissance missions to space exploration, many projects stand to benefit, in particular, from the sophistication in techniques to precisely find world positions of objects present in video data. Unfortunately, mechanical automation of such a task is complicated by the narrow fields of view of video data and the inaccuracy of mechanical information available describing the position of the camera in the world. Instead, computer vision techniques can be used to successfully align any given video frame with pre-calibrated reference imagery. After alignment, a video frame inherits pixel-wise calibration and as a consequence objects in the frame are exactly placed in the world. This ability to accurately position objects like buildings, roads, landing sites and spatial landmarks in general, facilitates precise automation of actions that previously required human intervention. The core challenge then is to develop techniques to autonomously align video sequences to pre-calibrated reference imagery.
Direct 11CN-Labeling of Unprotected Peptides via Palladium-Mediated Sequential Cross-Coupling Reactions

A practical procedure for 11CN-labeling of unprotected peptides has been developed. The method was shown to be highly chemoselective for cysteine over other potentially nucleophilic residues, and the radiolabeled products were synthesized and purified in less than 15 min. Appropriate for biomedical applications, the method could be used on an extremely small scale (20 nmol) with a high radiochemical yield. The success of the protocol stems from the use of a Pd-reagent based on a dihaloarene, which enables direct “nucleophile–nucleophile” coupling of the peptide and [11C]cyanide by temporal separation of nucleophile addition.
Knitting Visualizer: Connecting Craft and Code

The Knitting Visualizer aims to highlight the relationship between craft and computation. This demo is targeted at amateur knitters who have a basic familiarity with programming and who would like to develop their own knitting patterns. The demo features two-way translation between Javascript code and a symbolic knitting chart with a preview of the physical product. Future work is planned to improve on this demo.
The Biblical Hebrew Feminine Singular Qal Participle: A Historical Reconstruction

This article seeks to explain the development of the Biblical Hebrew Qal feminine singular active participle's curious combination of grammatical forms. Beginning with the distribution of the feminine morphemes -t and -ââ on participle's grammatical states, it is argued that one participle existed at the Proto-Hebrew stage. This leads to the contention that a secondary form developed from the original form, before the original was influenced by qeṭel nouns and word final -elet through analogy.
Temporal Trends of Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A 22-Year Experience From a Tertiary Academic Medical Center.

Background— There has been a gradual decline in the prevalence of abnormal stress single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging studies among patients without history of coronary artery disease (CAD). The trends of SPECT studies among patients with known CAD have not been evaluated previously. Methods and Results— We assessed the Mayo Clinic nuclear cardiology database for all stress SPECT tests performed between January 1991 and December 2012 in patients with history of CAD defined as having previous myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, and coronary artery bypass grafting. The study cohort was divided into 5 time periods: 1991 to 1995, 1996 to 2000, 2001 to 2005, 2006 to 2010, and 2011 to 2012. There were 19 373 patients with a history of CAD who underwent SPECT between 1991 and 2012 (mean age, 66.2±10.9 years; 75.4% men). Annual utilization of SPECT in these patients increased from an average of 495 tests per year in 1991 to 1995 to 1425 in 2003 and then decreased to 552 tests in 2012 without evidence for substitution with other stress modalities. Asymptomatic patients initially increased until 2006 and then decreased. Patients with typical angina decreased, whereas patients with dyspnea and atypical angina increased. High-risk SPECT tests significantly decreased, and the percentage of low-risk SPECT tests increased despite decreased SPECT utilization between 2003 and 2012. Almost 80% of all tests performed in 2012 had a low-risk summed stress score compared with 29% in 1991 ( P Conclusions— In Mayo Clinic, Rochester, annual SPECT utilization in patients with previous CAD increased between 1992 and 2003, but then decreased after 2003. High-risk SPECT tests declined, whereas low-risk tests increased markedly. Our results suggest that among patients with a history of CAD, SPECT was being increasingly utilized in patients with milder CAD. This trend parallels reduced utilization of other stress modalities, coronary angiography, reduced smoking, and greater utilization of optimal medical therapy for prevention and treatment of CAD.
Role of liquid repellency on fluid slip, fluid drag, and formation of nanobubbles

The reduction of fluid drag is of scientific interest in many fluid flow applications, including micro/nanofluidic systems used in biological, chemical, and medical fields (Bhushan 2016, 2017a, b). Fluid flow is known to have zero slip on liquiphilic surfaces. In the no-slip boundary condition, the relative velocity between a solid wall and liquid flow is zero at the solid-liquid interface (Batchelor 1970).
A National Survey of Simulation Use in University Programs in Communication Sciences and Disorders

Purpose This study provides a framework for understanding the range and diversity of simulation use, along with the benefits and challenges to the growth of simulation in university programs in com...
GADD34 Function in Protein Trafficking Promotes Adaptation to Hyperosmotic Stress in Human Corneal Cells

GADD34, a stress-induced regulatory subunit of the phosphatase PP1, is known to function in hyperosmotic stress through its well-known role in the integrated stress response (ISR) pathway. Adaptation to hyperosmotic stress is important for the health of corneal epithelial cells exposed to changes in extracellular osmolarity, with maladaptation leading to dry eye syndrome. This adaptation includes induction of SNAT2, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi-processed protein, which helps to reverse the stress-induced loss of cell volume and promote homeostasis through amino acid uptake. Here, we show that GADD34 promotes the processing of proteins synthesized on the ER during hyperosmotic stress independent of its action in the ISR. We show that GADD34/PP1 phosphatase activity reverses hyperosmotic-stress-induced Golgi fragmentation and is important for cis- to trans-Golgi trafficking of SNAT2, thereby promoting SNAT2 plasma membrane localization and function. These results suggest that GADD34 is a protective molecule for ocular diseases such as dry eye syndrome.
Mechanisms and Control of Blood-Brain Potassium Transport

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), brain interstitial fluid and total brain potassium concentrations ([K]) are all very tightly regulated during fluctuations in plasma [K]. The exact mechanisms involved in this regulation remain uncertain although there is evidence that the modulation of both potassium influx (Bradbury and Kleeman, 1967) and efflux (Bradbury and Stulcova, 1970) at the blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers can be important. The aim of the initial part of this study was to determine the relative role of K influx and efflux in brain [K] regulation during acute and chronic changes in plasma [K] and to examine the potential role of blood-brain barrier (BBB) Na/K ATPase in this regulation. We then examined the effect of mineralocorticoids on brain K homeostasis and choroid plexus K transport as Atarashi et al. (1988) showed that intracerebro-ventricular infusion of aldosterone lowers CSF [K] in the rat.
The first known telescopes carried to America, Asia and the Arctic, 1614-39

Hans Lipperhey voyagea en Amerique, en Asie et en Arctique pour presenter le telescope qu'il inventa en 1608
Seagrass Detection in Coastal Water Through Deep Capsule Networks

Seagrass is an important factor to balance marine ecological systems, and there is a great interest in monitoring its distribution in different parts of the world. This paper presents a deep capsule network for classification of seagrass in high-resolution multispectral satellite images. We tested our method on three satellite images of the coastal areas in Florida and obtained better performances than those achieved by the traditional deep convolutional neural network (CNN) model. We also propose a few-shot deep learning strategy to transfer knowledge learned by the capsule network from one location to another for seagrass detection, in which the capsule network’s reconstruction capability is utilized to generate new artificial data for fine-tuning the model at new locations. Our experimental results show that the proposed model achieves superb performances in cross-validation on three satellite images collected in Florida as compared to support vector machine (SVM) and CNN.
Firm-NGO collaborations: an agency theory perspective

We examine the role of agency in the governance of firm-NGO collaborations (B2N alliances) and the delivery of benefits to the external beneficiaries represented by the NGO in the alliance. By anal...
A longitudinal magnetic resonance spectroscopy study investigating effects of risperidone in the anterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus in schizophrenia.

Abstract Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy is a popular approach to probe brain chemistry in schizophrenia (SZ), but no consensus exists as to the extent of alterations. This may be attributable to differential effects of populations studied, brain regions examined, or antipsychotic medication effects. Here, we measured neurometabolites in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and hippocampus, two structurally dissimilar brain regions implicated in the SZ pathophysiology. We enrolled 61 SZ with the goal to scan them before and after six weeks of treatment with risperidone. We also scanned 31 matched healthy controls twice, six weeks apart. Using mixed effect repeated measures linear models to examine the effect of group and time on metabolite levels in each voxel, we report an increase in hippocampal glutamate + glutamine (Glx) in SZ compared to controls (p = 0.043), but no effect of antipsychotic medication (p = 0.330). In the ACC, we did not find metabolite alterations or antipsychotic medication related changes after six weeks of treatment with risperidone. The coefficients for the discriminant function (differentiating SZ from HC) in the ACC were greatest for NAA (−0.83), and in the hippocampus for Glx (0.76), the same metabolites were associated with greater treatment response in patients at trend level. Taken together, our data extends the existing literature by demonstrating regionally distinct metabolite alterations in the same patient group and suggests that antipsychotic medications may have limited effects on metabolite levels in these regions.
Propofol Infusion Syndrome: Efficacy of a Prospective Screening Protocol

Propofol infusion syndrome (PIS) is a potentially lethal complication of propofol marked by rhabdomyolysis, metabolic acidosis, and cardiac arrhythmias or collapse. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a prospective screening protocol to prevent PIS. All trauma patients admitted who received propofol as a continuous infusion were prospectively screened from November 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015. Variables studied included demographics, injury severity, laboratory values, infusion rates, and mortality. Serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate were drawn daily. Propofol was stopped for a positive screen defined as an increase in CPK to greater than 5000 IU/L or lactate greater than 4 mmol/L. Positive and negative cohorts were compared. Two hundred and twenty-five patients met the inclusion criteria and 12 patients (5.3%) had propofol stopped because of elevated CPK. No differences were identified in demographics, transfusions, injury severity, hospital length of stay, or propofol dose. The positive screened group had longer intensive care unit length of stay (20 vs 13 days; P = 0.002) and increased vent days (14.5 vs 10 days; P = 0.008). Max serum osmolality (334 vs 305 mosm/kg; P = 0.049) and max serum CPK (6782 vs 1058 IU/L; P < 0.0001) were higher in the positive cohort. No cases of PIS occurred, and mortality (16.7 vs 15.5%; P = 0.999) was not different between the cohorts. The screening protocol was effective in eliminating PIS. Serial CPK evaluations provided an effective screening tool and serum lactate can be dropped from screening.
Reclaiming Rivers from Homogenization: Meandering and Riverspheres

Here I develop a model around two key riverine components: meandering and riverspheres. I show how an analysis of their conceptual and material workings, and their interactive dynamics, facilitates a revaluing, reimagining, and revitalizing of rivers and thus contributes to biocultural conservation and cultural diversification. Meandering and riversphere are presented as a functional, dynamic, nondeterministic model for moving beyond the confines of positivist constructs and assumptions about rivers and how we might live well with them as urban citizens, equitable and sustainable. The Meander River and the Los Angeles River afford a space for exploring rivers in human affairs. The Meander, once a geographic space critical to great historical movements and now nearly erased from the cultural imagination, serves as a profound metaphor upon which to build new old ways of thinking. The little Los Angeles River, once nearly forgotten by the very city that derived its existence from it, flows as an example of how rethinking and reimagining can lead to re-rivering and the redefining of a riversphere.
Analytic computation of the secular effects of encounters on a binary: third-order perturbation, octupole, and post-Newtonian terms; steady-state distribution

Dense stellar systems such as globular clusters are believed to harbor merging binary black holes (BHs). The evolution of such binaries is driven by interactions with other stars, most notably, binary-single interactions. Traditionally, so-called `strong' interactions are believed to be the driving force in this evolution. However, we recently showed that more distant, i.e., "weak" or "secular" encounters, can have important implications for the properties of merging BH binaries in globular clusters. This motivates more detailed understanding of the effects of secular encounters on a binary. In another previous paper, we analytically calculated expressions for the changes of the eccentricity and angular-momentum vectors taking into account second-order (SO) perturbation theory, and showed that, for highly eccentric binaries, the new expressions give rise to behavior that is not captured by first-order (FO) theory. Here, we extend our previous work to third order (TO) perturbation theory. We also include terms up to and including octupole order. The latter are nonzero for binaries with unequal component masses. In addition, we consider the effects of post-Newtonian terms, and we determine the steady-state distribution due to the cumulative effect of secular encounters by computing the associated angular-momentum diffusion coefficients, and applying the Fokker-Planck equation. Together with our previous work, the results in this paper provide a framework for incorporating the effects of distant encounters on binaries in models of cluster evolution, such as Monte Carlo codes.
Induction of aortic valve calcification by celecoxib and its COX-2 independent derivatives is glucocorticoid-dependent.

Abstract Background Celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, was recently associated with increased incidence of aortic stenosis and found to produce a valvular calcification risk in vitro. Several cyclooxygenase-2 independent celecoxib derivatives have been developed and identified as possible therapies for inflammatory diseases due to their cadherin-11 inhibitory functions. Potential cardiovascular toxicities associated with these cyclooxygenase-2 independent celecoxib derivatives have not yet been investigated. Furthermore, the mechanism by which celecoxib produces valvular toxicity is not known. Methods and results Celecoxib treatment produces a 2.8-fold increase in calcification in ex vivo porcine aortic valve leaflets and a more than 2-fold increase in calcification in porcine aortic valve interstitial cells cultured in osteogenic media. Its cyclooxygenase-2 independent derivative, 2,5-dimethylcelecoxib, produces a similar 2.5-fold increase in calcification in ex vivo leaflets and a 13-fold increase in porcine aortic valve interstitial cells cultured in osteogenic media. We elucidate that this offtarget effect depends on the presence of either of the two media components: dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid used for osteogenic induction, or cortisol, a natural glucocorticoid present at basal levels in the fetal bovine serum. In the absence of glucocorticoids, these inhibitors effectively reduce calcification. By adding glucocorticoids or hydrocortisone to a serum substitute lacking endogenous glucocorticoids, we show that dimethylcelecoxib conditionally induces a 3.5-fold increase in aortic valve calcification and osteogenic expression. Treatment with the Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor, U0126, rescues the offtarget effect, suggesting that celecoxib and dimethylcelecoxib conditionally augment Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase activity in the presence of glucocorticoids. Conclusion Here we identify glucocorticoids as a possible source of the increased valvular calcification risk associated with celecoxib and its cyclooxygenase-2 independent derivatives. In the absence of glucocorticoids, these inhibitors effectively reduce calcification. Furthermore, the offtarget effects are not due to the drug's intrinsic properties as dual cyclooxygenase-2 and cadherin-11 inhibitors. These findings inform future design and development of celecoxib derivatives for potential clinical therapy.
β-Lactam resistance development affects binding of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) of Clostridium perfringens to the fluorescent penicillin, BOCILLIN FL.

Alteration in the binding of bacterial penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) to β-lactams is important in the development of drug resistance. The PBPs of wild type Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124 and three β-lactam-resistant mutants were compared for the ability to bind to a fluorescent penicillin, BOCILLIN FL. The binding of the high molecular weight protein PBP1, a transpeptidase, to BOCILLIN FL was reduced in all of the resistant strains. In contrast, the binding of BOCILLIN FL to a low molecular weight protein, PBP6, a D-alanyl-d-alanine carboxypeptidase that was more abundant in all three resistant strains, was substantially increased. A competition assay with β-lactams reduced the binding of all of the PBPs, including PBP6, to BOCILLIN FL. β-Lactams enhanced transcription of the putative gene for PBP6 in both wild type and resistant strains. This is the first report showing that mutations in a high molecular weight PBP and overexpression of a low molecular weight PBP in resistant C. perfringens strains affected their binding to β-lactams.
Developing a Reasonably Smooth, Randomly Meshed Surface by Modifying Persson’s Algorithm

The complications in merging meshes generated within different surface modeling applications have raised great concerns over the years. Meshes created in Finite Element Software such as Comsol Multiphysics are mostly triangular whereas those created in Matlab are squares, thus, cannot be transferred between the two platforms. In this paper, we focus on elevating a plane, using interpolation to assist in generating meshes of various kinds, and, most importantly, to ensure flexibility in transferring and integrating the meshing data between different meshing applications. We build on previous work to enhance the flexibility in mesh generation, its quality, and transfer between different surface modeling platforms. In addition, we generate a meshed quasi-planar random surface with a prescribed degree of smoothness.